Merge git://repo.or.cz/git-gui

* git://repo.or.cz/git-gui:
  git-gui: update french translation
  git-gui: update Japanese translation
  git-gui: fix shortcut for menu "Commit/Revert Changes"
  git-gui: Quote git path when starting another gui in a submodule
  git-gui: update Italian translation
  git-gui: Update Swedish translation (520t0f0u)
  git-gui: use themed tk widgets with Tk 8.5
  git-gui: Update German translation (12 new or changed strings).
  git-gui: Update translation template
  git-gui: Remove unused icon file_parttick
  git-gui: use different icon for new and modified files in the index
  git-gui: set GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE after setup
  git-gui: update shortcut tools to use _gitworktree
  git-gui: handle bare repos correctly
  git-gui: handle non-standard worktree locations
  git-gui: Support applying a range of changes at once
  git-gui: Add a special diff popup menu for submodules
  git-gui: Use git diff --submodule when available
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index f96112d..5e98806 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-*           encoding=US-ASCII
-git-gui.sh  encoding=UTF-8
-/po/*.po    encoding=UTF-8
+* whitespace=!indent,trail,space
+*.[ch] whitespace=indent,trail,space
+*.sh whitespace=indent,trail,space
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 6483b21..8df8f88 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,8 +1,202 @@
-.DS_Store
-config.mak
-Git Gui.app*
-git-gui.tcl
-GIT-VERSION-FILE
-GIT-GUI-VARS
-git-gui
-lib/tclIndex
+/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+/GIT-CFLAGS
+/GIT-GUI-VARS
+/GIT-VERSION-FILE
+/bin-wrappers/
+/git
+/git-add
+/git-add--interactive
+/git-am
+/git-annotate
+/git-apply
+/git-archimport
+/git-archive
+/git-bisect
+/git-bisect--helper
+/git-blame
+/git-branch
+/git-bundle
+/git-cat-file
+/git-check-attr
+/git-check-ref-format
+/git-checkout
+/git-checkout-index
+/git-cherry
+/git-cherry-pick
+/git-clean
+/git-clone
+/git-commit
+/git-commit-tree
+/git-config
+/git-count-objects
+/git-cvsexportcommit
+/git-cvsimport
+/git-cvsserver
+/git-daemon
+/git-diff
+/git-diff-files
+/git-diff-index
+/git-diff-tree
+/git-difftool
+/git-difftool--helper
+/git-describe
+/git-fast-export
+/git-fast-import
+/git-fetch
+/git-fetch--tool
+/git-fetch-pack
+/git-filter-branch
+/git-fmt-merge-msg
+/git-for-each-ref
+/git-format-patch
+/git-fsck
+/git-fsck-objects
+/git-gc
+/git-get-tar-commit-id
+/git-grep
+/git-hash-object
+/git-help
+/git-http-backend
+/git-http-fetch
+/git-http-push
+/git-imap-send
+/git-index-pack
+/git-init
+/git-init-db
+/git-instaweb
+/git-log
+/git-lost-found
+/git-ls-files
+/git-ls-remote
+/git-ls-tree
+/git-mailinfo
+/git-mailsplit
+/git-merge
+/git-merge-base
+/git-merge-index
+/git-merge-file
+/git-merge-tree
+/git-merge-octopus
+/git-merge-one-file
+/git-merge-ours
+/git-merge-recursive
+/git-merge-resolve
+/git-merge-subtree
+/git-mergetool
+/git-mergetool--lib
+/git-mktag
+/git-mktree
+/git-name-rev
+/git-mv
+/git-notes
+/git-pack-redundant
+/git-pack-objects
+/git-pack-refs
+/git-parse-remote
+/git-patch-id
+/git-peek-remote
+/git-prune
+/git-prune-packed
+/git-pull
+/git-push
+/git-quiltimport
+/git-read-tree
+/git-rebase
+/git-rebase--interactive
+/git-receive-pack
+/git-reflog
+/git-relink
+/git-remote
+/git-remote-curl
+/git-remote-http
+/git-remote-https
+/git-remote-ftp
+/git-remote-ftps
+/git-repack
+/git-replace
+/git-repo-config
+/git-request-pull
+/git-rerere
+/git-reset
+/git-rev-list
+/git-rev-parse
+/git-revert
+/git-rm
+/git-send-email
+/git-send-pack
+/git-sh-setup
+/git-shell
+/git-shortlog
+/git-show
+/git-show-branch
+/git-show-index
+/git-show-ref
+/git-stage
+/git-stash
+/git-status
+/git-stripspace
+/git-submodule
+/git-svn
+/git-symbolic-ref
+/git-tag
+/git-tar-tree
+/git-unpack-file
+/git-unpack-objects
+/git-update-index
+/git-update-ref
+/git-update-server-info
+/git-upload-archive
+/git-upload-pack
+/git-var
+/git-verify-pack
+/git-verify-tag
+/git-web--browse
+/git-whatchanged
+/git-write-tree
+/git-core-*/?*
+/gitk-git/gitk-wish
+/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
+/test-chmtime
+/test-ctype
+/test-date
+/test-delta
+/test-dump-cache-tree
+/test-genrandom
+/test-index-version
+/test-match-trees
+/test-parse-options
+/test-path-utils
+/test-run-command
+/test-sha1
+/test-sigchain
+/common-cmds.h
+*.tar.gz
+*.dsc
+*.deb
+/git.spec
+*.exe
+*.[aos]
+*.py[co]
+*+
+/config.mak
+/autom4te.cache
+/config.cache
+/config.log
+/config.status
+/config.mak.autogen
+/config.mak.append
+/configure
+/tags
+/TAGS
+/cscope*
+*.obj
+*.lib
+*.sln
+*.suo
+*.ncb
+*.vcproj
+*.user
+*.idb
+*.pdb
+/Debug/
+/Release/
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..975e675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#
+# This list is used by git-shortlog to fix a few botched name translations
+# in the git archive, either because the author's full name was messed up
+# and/or not always written the same way, making contributions from the
+# same person appearing not to be so.
+#
+
+Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com>
+Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
+Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com>
+Dana L. How <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
+David D. Kilzer <ddkilzer@kilzer.net>
+David Kågedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
+Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
+Fredrik Kuivinen <freku045@student.liu.se>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
+İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
+Jay Soffian <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@freescale.com>
+Jon Seymour <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Junio C Hamano <junio@twinsun.com>
+Karl Hasselström <kha@treskal.com>
+Kent Engstrom <kent@lysator.liu.se>
+Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line ! de>
+Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
+Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
+Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
+Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
+Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>
+Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
+Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com>
+Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
+<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
+Ramsay Allan Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
+René Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
+Robert Fitzsimons <robfitz@273k.net>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net>
+Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
+Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Ville Skyttä <scop@xemacs.org>
+William Pursell <bill.pursell@gmail.com>
+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+anonymous <linux@horizon.com>
+anonymous <linux@horizon.net>
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..536e555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+
+ Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
+ is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
+ v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
+
+ HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
+ a good idea, I also ask that people involved with the project make
+ their preferences known. In particular, if you trust me to make that
+ decision, you might note so in your copyright message, ie something
+ like
+
+	This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
+	at the discretion of Linus.
+
+  might avoid issues. But we can also just decide to synchronize and
+  contact all copyright holders on record if/when the occasion arises.
+
+			Linus Torvalds
+
+----------------------------------------
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
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+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
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+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
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+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
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+
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+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
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+
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+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
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+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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+
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+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
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+
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+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
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+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
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+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
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+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
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+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitattributes b/Documentation/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddb0301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.txt whitespace
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c3a9fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+*.xml
+*.html
+*.[1-8]
+*.made
+*.texi
+git.info
+gitman.info
+howto-index.txt
+doc.dep
+cmds-*.txt
+manpage-base-url.xsl
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8bf618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the
+code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
+
+ - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily
+   ignore your needs should your system not conform to it."
+   We live in the real world.
+
+ - However, we often say "Let's stay away from that construct,
+   it's not even in POSIX".
+
+ - In spite of the above two rules, we sometimes say "Although
+   this is not in POSIX, it (is so convenient | makes the code
+   much more readable | has other good characteristics) and
+   practically all the platforms we care about support it, so
+   let's use it".
+
+   Again, we live in the real world, and it is sometimes a
+   judgement call, the decision based more on real world
+   constraints people face than what the paper standard says.
+
+
+As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code
+(this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are
+contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_
+convention. New code added to git suite is expected to match
+the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing
+code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already
+uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code).
+
+But if you must have a list of rules, here they are.
+
+For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
+
+ - We prefer $( ... ) for command substitution; unlike ``, it
+   properly nests.  It should have been the way Bourne spelled
+   it from day one, but unfortunately isn't.
+
+ - We use ${parameter-word} and its [-=?+] siblings, and their
+   colon'ed "unset or null" form.
+
+ - We use ${parameter#word} and its [#%] siblings, and their
+   doubled "longest matching" form.
+
+ - We use Arithmetic Expansion $(( ... )).
+
+ - No "Substring Expansion" ${parameter:offset:length}.
+
+ - No shell arrays.
+
+ - No strlen ${#parameter}.
+
+ - No regexp ${parameter/pattern/string}.
+
+ - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list).
+
+ - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]".
+
+ - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell
+   functions.
+
+ - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\},
+   [::], [==], nor [..]) for portability.
+
+   - We do not use \{m,n\};
+
+   - We do not use -E;
+
+   - We do not use ? nor + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\}
+     respectively in BRE) but that goes without saying as these
+     are ERE elements not BRE (note that \? and \+ are not even part
+     of BRE -- making them accessible from BRE is a GNU extension).
+
+For C programs:
+
+ - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to
+   8 spaces.
+
+ - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line.
+
+ - When declaring pointers, the star sides with the variable
+   name, i.e. "char *string", not "char* string" or
+   "char * string".  This makes it easier to understand code
+   like "char *string, c;".
+
+ - We avoid using braces unnecessarily.  I.e.
+
+	if (bla) {
+		x = 1;
+	}
+
+   is frowned upon.  A gray area is when the statement extends
+   over a few lines, and/or you have a lengthy comment atop of
+   it.  Also, like in the Linux kernel, if there is a long list
+   of "else if" statements, it can make sense to add braces to
+   single line blocks.
+
+ - We try to avoid assignments inside if().
+
+ - Try to make your code understandable.  You may put comments
+   in, but comments invariably tend to stale out when the code
+   they were describing changes.  Often splitting a function
+   into two makes the intention of the code much clearer.
+
+ - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation
+   at all.
+
+ - Some clever tricks, like using the !! operator with arithmetic
+   constructs, can be extremely confusing to others.  Avoid them,
+   unless there is a compelling reason to use them.
+
+ - Use the API.  No, really.  We have a strbuf (variable length
+   string), several arrays with the ALLOC_GROW() macro, a
+   string_list for sorted string lists, a hash map (mapping struct
+   objects) named "struct decorate", amongst other things.
+
+ - When you come up with an API, document it.
+
+ - The first #include in C files, except in platform specific
+   compat/ implementations, should be git-compat-util.h or another
+   header file that includes it, such as cache.h or builtin.h.
+
+ - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell
+   or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily
+   changed and discussed.  Many git commands started out like
+   that, and a few are still scripts.
+
+ - Avoid introducing a new dependency into git. This means you
+   usually should stay away from scripting languages not already
+   used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly
+   separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X
+   repositories to git).
+
+ - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
+   pass them in that order.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a8a395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+MAN1_TXT= \
+	$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
+	gitk.txt git.txt
+MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
+	gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
+	gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
+	gitdiffcore.txt gitworkflows.txt
+
+MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
+MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+
+DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
+
+ARTICLES = howto-index
+ARTICLES += everyday
+ARTICLES += git-tools
+ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
+# with their own formatting rules.
+SP_ARTICLES = howto/revert-branch-rebase howto/using-merge-subtree user-manual
+API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
+SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
+SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index
+
+DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
+
+DOC_MAN1=$(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
+DOC_MAN5=$(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
+DOC_MAN7=$(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
+
+prefix?=$(HOME)
+bindir?=$(prefix)/bin
+htmldir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+pdfdir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+mandir?=$(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir=$(mandir)/man1
+man5dir=$(mandir)/man5
+man7dir=$(mandir)/man7
+# DESTDIR=
+
+ASCIIDOC=asciidoc
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
+MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
+XMLTO_EXTRA =
+INSTALL?=install
+RM ?= rm -f
+DOC_REF = origin/man
+HTML_REF = origin/html
+
+infodir?=$(prefix)/share/info
+MAKEINFO=makeinfo
+INSTALL_INFO=install-info
+DOCBOOK2X_TEXI=docbook2x-texi
+DBLATEX=dblatex
+ifndef PERL_PATH
+	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
+endif
+
+-include ../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../config.mak
+
+#
+# For asciidoc ...
+#	-7.1.2,	no extra settings are needed.
+#	8.0-,	set ASCIIDOC8.
+#
+
+#
+# For docbook-xsl ...
+#	-1.68.1,	set ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF? (based on changelog from 1.73.0)
+#	1.69.0,		no extra settings are needed?
+#	1.69.1-1.71.0,	set DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP?
+#	1.71.1,		no extra settings are needed?
+#	1.72.0,		set DOCBOOK_XSL_172.
+#	1.73.0-,	set ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF
+#
+
+#
+# If you had been using DOCBOOK_XSL_172 in an attempt to get rid
+# of 'the ".ft C" problem' in your generated manpages, and you
+# instead ended up with weird characters around callouts, try
+# using ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF instead (it works fine with ASCIIDOC8).
+#
+
+ifdef ASCIIDOC8
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible -a no-inline-literal
+endif
+ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
+MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
+else
+	ifdef ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF
+	# docbook-xsl after 1.72 needs the regular XSL, but will not
+	# pass-thru raw roff codes from asciidoc.conf, so turn them off.
+	ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
+	endif
+endif
+ifdef MAN_BOLD_LITERAL
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-bold-literal.xsl
+endif
+ifdef DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-suppress-sp.xsl
+endif
+
+# Newer DocBook stylesheet emits warning cruft in the output when
+# this is not set, and if set it shows an absolute link.  Older
+# stylesheets simply ignore this parameter.
+#
+# Distros may want to use MAN_BASE_URL=file:///path/to/git/docs/
+# or similar.
+ifndef MAN_BASE_URL
+MAN_BASE_URL = file://$(htmldir)/
+endif
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-base-url.xsl
+
+# If your target system uses GNU groff, it may try to render
+# apostrophes as a "pretty" apostrophe using unicode.  This breaks
+# cut&paste, so you should set GNU_ROFF to force them to be ASCII
+# apostrophes.  Unfortunately does not work with non-GNU roff.
+ifdef GNU_ROFF
+XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-quote-apos.xsl
+endif
+
+SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
+# Shell quote;
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+#
+# Please note that there is a minor bug in asciidoc.
+# The version after 6.0.3 _will_ include the patch found here:
+#   http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111558757202243&w=2
+#
+# Until that version is released you may have to apply the patch
+# yourself - yes, all 6 characters of it!
+#
+
+QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
+QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),w),w)
+PRINT_DIR = --no-print-directory
+else # "make -w"
+NO_SUBDIR = :
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
+ifndef V
+	QUIET_ASCIIDOC	= @echo '   ' ASCIIDOC $@;
+	QUIET_XMLTO	= @echo '   ' XMLTO $@;
+	QUIET_DB2TEXI	= @echo '   ' DB2TEXI $@;
+	QUIET_MAKEINFO	= @echo '   ' MAKEINFO $@;
+	QUIET_DBLATEX	= @echo '   ' DBLATEX $@;
+	QUIET_XSLTPROC	= @echo '   ' XSLTPROC $@;
+	QUIET_GEN	= @echo '   ' GEN $@;
+	QUIET_STDERR	= 2> /dev/null
+	QUIET_SUBDIR0	= +@subdir=
+	QUIET_SUBDIR1	= ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
+			  $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
+	export V
+endif
+endif
+
+all: html man
+
+html: $(DOC_HTML)
+
+$(DOC_HTML) $(DOC_MAN1) $(DOC_MAN5) $(DOC_MAN7): asciidoc.conf
+
+man: man1 man5 man7
+man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
+man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
+man7: $(DOC_MAN7)
+
+info: git.info gitman.info
+
+pdf: user-manual.pdf
+
+install: install-man
+
+install-man: man
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man7dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(DOC_MAN1) $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(DOC_MAN5) $(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(DOC_MAN7) $(DESTDIR)$(man7dir)
+
+install-info: info
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 git.info gitman.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
+	if test -r $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/dir; then \
+	  $(INSTALL_INFO) --info-dir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) git.info ;\
+	  $(INSTALL_INFO) --info-dir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) gitman.info ;\
+	else \
+	  echo "No directory found in $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)" >&2 ; \
+	fi
+
+install-pdf: pdf
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 user-manual.pdf $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)
+
+install-html: html
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../ $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+#
+# Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
+#
+doc.dep : $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+-include doc.dep
+
+cmds_txt = cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt \
+	cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt \
+	cmds-mainporcelain.txt \
+	cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt \
+	cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt \
+	cmds-synchingrepositories.txt \
+	cmds-synchelpers.txt \
+	cmds-purehelpers.txt \
+	cmds-foreignscminterface.txt
+
+$(cmds_txt): cmd-list.made
+
+cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(MAN1_TXT)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
+	date >$@
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
+	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
+	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
+	$(RM) technical/api-*.html technical/api-index.txt
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
+
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
+		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
+	sed "s|@@MAN_BASE_URL@@|$(MAN_BASE_URL)|" $< > $@
+
+%.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl
+	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
+	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
+
+%.xml : %.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
+		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+user-manual.xml: user-manual.txt user-manual.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b docbook -d book $<
+
+technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \
+	technical/api-index.sh $(patsubst %,%.txt,$(API_DOCS))
+	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
+
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index): %.html : %.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
+		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt
+
+XSLT = docbook.xsl
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude --stringparam html.stylesheet docbook-xsl.css
+
+user-manual.html: user-manual.xml
+	$(QUIET_XSLTPROC)xsltproc $(XSLTOPTS) -o $@ $(XSLT) $<
+
+git.info: user-manual.texi
+	$(QUIET_MAKEINFO)$(MAKEINFO) --no-split -o $@ user-manual.texi
+
+user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml
+	$(QUIET_DB2TEXI)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) user-manual.xml --encoding=UTF-8 --to-stdout >$@++ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) fix-texi.perl <$@++ >$@+ && \
+	rm $@++ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml
+	$(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl
+	$(QUIET_DB2TEXI)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	($(foreach xml,$(MAN_XML),$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) --encoding=UTF-8 \
+		--to-stdout $(xml) &&) true) > $@++ && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) cat-texi.perl $@ <$@++ >$@+ && \
+	rm $@++ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+gitman.info: gitman.texi
+	$(QUIET_MAKEINFO)$(MAKEINFO) --no-split --no-validate $*.texi
+
+$(patsubst %.txt,%.texi,$(MAN_TXT)): %.texi : %.xml
+	$(QUIET_DB2TEXI)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) --to-stdout $*.xml >$@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt) >$@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 $*.txt
+
+WEBDOC_DEST = /pub/software/scm/git/docs
+
+$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 - >$@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+install-webdoc : html
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
+
+quick-install: quick-install-man
+
+quick-install-man:
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(DOC_REF) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)
+
+quick-install-html:
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REF) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fea3f99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0
+------------------
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+  - Clarifications and corrections to 1.5.0 release notes.
+
+  - The main documentation did not link to git-remote documentation.
+
+  - Clarified introductory text of git-rebase documentation.
+
+  - Converted remaining mentions of update-index on Porcelain
+    documents to git-add/git-rm.
+
+  - Some i18n.* configuration variables were incorrectly
+    described as core.*; fixed.
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-add and git-update-index on a filesystem on which
+    executable bits are unreliable incorrectly reused st_mode
+    bits even when the path changed between symlink and regular
+    file.
+
+  - git-daemon marks the listening sockets with FD_CLOEXEC so
+    that it won't be leaked into the children.
+
+  - segfault from git-blame when the mandatory pathname
+    parameter was missing was fixed; usage() message is given
+    instead.
+
+  - git-rev-list did not read $GIT_DIR/config file, which means
+    that did not honor i18n.logoutputencoding correctly.
+
+* Tweaks
+
+  - sliding mmap() inefficiently mmaped the same region of a
+    packfile with an access pattern that used objects in the
+    reverse order.  This has been made more efficient.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b061e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0.1
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - Automated merge conflict handling when changes to symbolic
+    links conflicted were completely broken.  The merge-resolve
+    strategy created a regular file with conflict markers in it
+    in place of the symbolic link.  The default strategy,
+    merge-recursive was even more broken.  It removed the path
+    that was pointed at by the symbolic link.  Both of these
+    problems have been fixed.
+
+  - 'git diff maint master next' did not correctly give combined
+    diff across three trees.
+
+  - 'git fast-import' portability fix for Solaris.
+
+  - 'git show-ref --verify' without arguments did not error out
+    but segfaulted.
+
+  - 'git diff :tracked-file `pwd`/an-untracked-file' gave an extra
+    slashes after a/ and b/.
+
+  - 'git format-patch' produced too long filenames if the commit
+    message had too long line at the beginning.
+
+  - Running 'make all' and then without changing anything
+    running 'make install' still rebuilt some files.  This
+    was inconvenient when building as yourself and then
+    installing as root (especially problematic when the source
+    directory is on NFS and root is mapped to nobody).
+
+  - 'git-rerere' failed to deal with two unconflicted paths that
+    sorted next to each other.
+
+  - 'git-rerere' attempted to open(2) a symlink and failed if
+    there was a conflict.  Since a conflicting change to a
+    symlink would not benefit from rerere anyway, the command
+    now ignores conflicting changes to symlinks.
+
+  - 'git-repack' did not like to pass more than 64 arguments
+    internally to underlying 'rev-list' logic, which made it
+    impossible to repack after accumulating many (small) packs
+    in the repository.
+
+  - 'git-diff' to review the combined diff during a conflicted
+    merge were not reading the working tree version correctly
+    when changes to a symbolic link conflicted.  It should have
+    read the data using readlink(2) but read from the regular
+    file the symbolic link pointed at.
+
+  - 'git-remote' did not like period in a remote's name.
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+  - added and clarified core.bare, core.legacyheaders configurations.
+
+  - updated "git-clone --depth" documentation.
+
+
+* Assorted git-gui fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd500f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0.2
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - 'git.el' honors the commit coding system from the configuration.
+
+  - 'blameview' in contrib/ correctly digs deeper when a line is
+    clicked.
+
+  - 'http-push' correctly makes sure the remote side has leading
+    path.  Earlier it started in the middle of the path, and
+    incorrectly.
+
+  - 'git-merge' did not exit with non-zero status when the
+    working tree was dirty and cannot fast forward.  It does
+    now.
+
+  - 'cvsexportcommit' does not lose yet-to-be-used message file.
+
+  - int-vs-size_t typefix when running combined diff on files
+    over 2GB long.
+
+  - 'git apply --whitespace=strip' should not touch unmodified
+    lines.
+
+  - 'git-mailinfo' choke when a logical header line was too long.
+
+  - 'git show A..B' did not error out.  Negative ref ("not A" in
+    this example) does not make sense for the purpose of the
+    command, so now it errors out.
+
+  - 'git fmt-merge-msg --file' without file parameter did not
+    correctly error out.
+
+  - 'git archimport' barfed upon encountering a commit without
+    summary.
+
+  - 'git index-pack' did not protect itself from getting a short
+    read out of pread(2).
+
+  - 'git http-push' had a few buffer overruns.
+
+  - Build dependency fixes to rebuild fetch.o when other headers
+    change.
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+  - user-manual updates.
+
+  - Options to 'git remote add' were described insufficiently.
+
+  - Configuration format.suffix was not documented.
+
+  - Other formatting and spelling fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feefa5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0.3
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git.el does not add duplicate sign-off lines.
+
+  - git-commit shows the full stat of the resulting commit, not
+    just about the files in the current directory, when run from
+    a subdirectory.
+
+  - "git-checkout -m '@{8 hours ago}'" had a funny failure from
+    eval; fixed.
+
+  - git-gui updates.
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+* User manual updates
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeec3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0.3
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-merge (hence git-pull) did not refuse fast-forwarding
+    when the working tree had local changes that would have
+    conflicted with it.
+
+  - git.el does not add duplicate sign-off lines.
+
+  - git-commit shows the full stat of the resulting commit, not
+    just about the files in the current directory, when run from
+    a subdirectory.
+
+  - "git-checkout -m '@{8 hours ago}'" had a funny failure from
+    eval; fixed.
+
+  - git-gui updates.
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+* User manual updates
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c02015a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0.5
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - a handful small fixes to gitweb.
+
+  - build procedure for user-manual is fixed not to require locally
+    installed stylesheets.
+
+  - "git commit $paths" on paths whose earlier contents were
+    already updated in the index were failing out.
+
+* Documentation
+
+  - user-manual has better cross references.
+
+  - gitweb installation/deployment procedure is now documented.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..670ad32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+GIT v1.5.0.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0.6
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-upload-pack failed to close unused pipe ends, resulting
+    in many zombies to hang around.
+
+  - git-rerere was recording the contents of earlier hunks
+    duplicated in later hunks.  This prevented resolving the same
+    conflict when performing the same merge the other way around.
+
+* Documentation
+
+  - a few documentation fixes from Debian package maintainer.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daf4bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+GIT v1.5.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Old news
+--------
+
+This section is for people who are upgrading from ancient
+versions of git.  Although all of the changes in this section
+happened before the current v1.4.4 release, they are summarized
+here in the v1.5.0 release notes for people who skipped earlier
+versions.
+
+As of git v1.5.0 there are some optional features that changes
+the repository to allow data to be stored and transferred more
+efficiently.  These features are not enabled by default, as they
+will make the repository unusable with older versions of git.
+Specifically, the available options are:
+
+ - There is a configuration variable core.legacyheaders that
+   changes the format of loose objects so that they are more
+   efficient to pack and to send out of the repository over git
+   native protocol, since v1.4.2.  However, loose objects
+   written in the new format cannot be read by git older than
+   that version; people fetching from your repository using
+   older clients over dumb transports (e.g. http) using older
+   versions of git will also be affected.
+
+   To let git use the new loose object format, you have to
+   set core.legacyheaders to false.
+
+ - Since v1.4.3, configuration repack.usedeltabaseoffset allows
+   packfile to be created in more space efficient format, which
+   cannot be read by git older than that version.
+
+   To let git use the new format for packfiles, you have to
+   set repack.usedeltabaseoffset to true.
+
+The above two new features are not enabled by default and you
+have to explicitly ask for them, because they make repositories
+unreadable by older versions of git, and in v1.5.0 we still do
+not enable them by default for the same reason.  We will change
+this default probably 1 year after 1.4.2's release, when it is
+reasonable to expect everybody to have new enough version of
+git.
+
+ - 'git pack-refs' appeared in v1.4.4; this command allows tags
+   to be accessed much more efficiently than the traditional
+   'one-file-per-tag' format.  Older git-native clients can
+   still fetch from a repository that packed and pruned refs
+   (the server side needs to run the up-to-date version of git),
+   but older dumb transports cannot.  Packing of refs is done by
+   an explicit user action, either by use of "git pack-refs
+   --prune" command or by use of "git gc" command.
+
+ - 'git -p' to paginate anything -- many commands do pagination
+   by default on a tty.  Introduced between v1.4.1 and v1.4.2;
+   this may surprise old timers.
+
+ - 'git archive' superseded 'git tar-tree' in v1.4.3;
+
+ - 'git cvsserver' was new invention in v1.3.0;
+
+ - 'git repo-config', 'git grep', 'git rebase' and 'gitk' were
+   seriously enhanced during v1.4.0 timeperiod.
+
+ - 'gitweb' became part of git.git during v1.4.0 timeperiod and
+   seriously modified since then.
+
+ - reflog is an v1.4.0 invention.  This allows you to name a
+   revision that a branch used to be at (e.g. "git diff
+   master@{yesterday} master" allows you to see changes since
+   yesterday's tip of the branch).
+
+
+Updates in v1.5.0 since v1.4.4 series
+-------------------------------------
+
+* Index manipulation
+
+ - git-add is to add contents to the index (aka "staging area"
+   for the next commit), whether the file the contents happen to
+   be is an existing one or a newly created one.
+
+ - git-add without any argument does not add everything
+   anymore.  Use 'git-add .' instead.  Also you can add
+   otherwise ignored files with an -f option.
+
+ - git-add tries to be more friendly to users by offering an
+   interactive mode ("git-add -i").
+
+ - git-commit <path> used to refuse to commit if <path> was
+   different between HEAD and the index (i.e. update-index was
+   used on it earlier).  This check was removed.
+
+ - git-rm is much saner and safer.  It is used to remove paths
+   from both the index file and the working tree, and makes sure
+   you are not losing any local modification before doing so.
+
+ - git-reset <tree> <paths>... can be used to revert index
+   entries for selected paths.
+
+ - git-update-index is much less visible.  Many suggestions to
+   use the command in git output and documentation have now been
+   replaced by simpler commands such as "git add" or "git rm".
+
+
+* Repository layout and objects transfer
+
+ - The data for origin repository is stored in the configuration
+   file $GIT_DIR/config, not in $GIT_DIR/remotes/, for newly
+   created clones.  The latter is still supported and there is
+   no need to convert your existing repository if you are
+   already comfortable with your workflow with the layout.
+
+ - git-clone always uses what is known as "separate remote"
+   layout for a newly created repository with a working tree.
+
+   A repository with the separate remote layout starts with only
+   one default branch, 'master', to be used for your own
+   development.  Unlike the traditional layout that copied all
+   the upstream branches into your branch namespace (while
+   renaming their 'master' to your 'origin'), the new layout
+   puts upstream branches into local "remote-tracking branches"
+   with their own namespace. These can be referenced with names
+   such as "origin/$upstream_branch_name" and are stored in
+   .git/refs/remotes rather than .git/refs/heads where normal
+   branches are stored.
+
+   This layout keeps your own branch namespace less cluttered,
+   avoids name collision with your upstream, makes it possible
+   to automatically track new branches created at the remote
+   after you clone from it, and makes it easier to interact with
+   more than one remote repository (you can use "git remote" to
+   add other repositories to track).  There might be some
+   surprises:
+
+   * 'git branch' does not show the remote tracking branches.
+     It only lists your own branches.  Use '-r' option to view
+     the tracking branches.
+
+   * If you are forking off of a branch obtained from the
+     upstream, you would have done something like 'git branch
+     my-next next', because traditional layout dropped the
+     tracking branch 'next' into your own branch namespace.
+     With the separate remote layout, you say 'git branch next
+     origin/next', which allows you to use the matching name
+     'next' for your own branch.  It also allows you to track a
+     remote other than 'origin' (i.e. where you initially cloned
+     from) and fork off of a branch from there the same way
+     (e.g. "git branch mingw j6t/master").
+
+   Repositories initialized with the traditional layout continue
+   to work.
+
+ - New branches that appear on the origin side after a clone is
+   made are also tracked automatically.  This is done with an
+   wildcard refspec "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*", which
+   older git does not understand, so if you clone with 1.5.0,
+   you would need to downgrade remote.*.fetch in the
+   configuration file to specify each branch you are interested
+   in individually if you plan to fetch into the repository with
+   older versions of git (but why would you?).
+
+ - Similarly, wildcard refspec "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/me/*"
+   can be given to "git-push" command to update the tracking
+   branches that is used to track the repository you are pushing
+   from on the remote side.
+
+ - git-branch and git-show-branch know remote tracking branches
+   (use the command line switch "-r" to list only tracked branches).
+
+ - git-push can now be used to delete a remote branch or a tag.
+   This requires the updated git on the remote side (use "git
+   push <remote> :refs/heads/<branch>" to delete "branch").
+
+ - git-push more aggressively keeps the transferred objects
+   packed.  Earlier we recommended to monitor amount of loose
+   objects and repack regularly, but you should repack when you
+   accumulated too many small packs this way as well.  Updated
+   git-count-objects helps you with this.
+
+ - git-fetch also more aggressively keeps the transferred objects
+   packed.  This behavior of git-push and git-fetch can be
+   tweaked with a single configuration transfer.unpacklimit (but
+   usually there should not be any need for a user to tweak it).
+
+ - A new command, git-remote, can help you manage your remote
+   tracking branch definitions.
+
+ - You may need to specify explicit paths for upload-pack and/or
+   receive-pack due to your ssh daemon configuration on the
+   other end.  This can now be done via remote.*.uploadpack and
+   remote.*.receivepack configuration.
+
+
+* Bare repositories
+
+ - Certain commands change their behavior in a bare repository
+   (i.e. a repository without associated working tree).  We use
+   a fairly conservative heuristic (if $GIT_DIR is ".git", or
+   ends with "/.git", the repository is not bare) to decide if a
+   repository is bare, but "core.bare" configuration variable
+   can be used to override the heuristic when it misidentifies
+   your repository.
+
+ - git-fetch used to complain updating the current branch but
+   this is now allowed for a bare repository.  So is the use of
+   'git-branch -f' to update the current branch.
+
+ - Porcelain-ish commands that require a working tree refuses to
+   work in a bare repository.
+
+
+* Reflog
+
+ - Reflog records the history from the view point of the local
+   repository. In other words, regardless of the real history,
+   the reflog shows the history as seen by one particular
+   repository (this enables you to ask "what was the current
+   revision in _this_ repository, yesterday at 1pm?").  This
+   facility is enabled by default for repositories with working
+   trees, and can be accessed with the "branch@{time}" and
+   "branch@{Nth}" notation.
+
+ - "git show-branch" learned showing the reflog data with the
+   new -g option.  "git log" has -g option to view reflog
+   entries in a more verbose manner.
+
+ - git-branch knows how to rename branches and moves existing
+   reflog data from the old branch to the new one.
+
+ - In addition to the reflog support in v1.4.4 series, HEAD
+   reference maintains its own log.  "HEAD@{5.minutes.ago}"
+   means the commit you were at 5 minutes ago, which takes
+   branch switching into account.  If you want to know where the
+   tip of your current branch was at 5 minutes ago, you need to
+   explicitly say its name (e.g. "master@{5.minutes.ago}") or
+   omit the refname altogether i.e. "@{5.minutes.ago}".
+
+ - The commits referred to by reflog entries are now protected
+   against pruning.  The new command "git reflog expire" can be
+   used to truncate older reflog entries and entries that refer
+   to commits that have been pruned away previously with older
+   versions of git.
+
+   Existing repositories that have been using reflog may get
+   complaints from fsck-objects and may not be able to run
+   git-repack, if you had run git-prune from older git; please
+   run "git reflog expire --stale-fix --all" first to remove
+   reflog entries that refer to commits that are no longer in
+   the repository when that happens.
+
+
+* Crufts removal
+
+ - We used to say "old commits are retrievable using reflog and
+   'master@{yesterday}' syntax as long as you haven't run
+   git-prune".  We no longer have to say the latter half of the
+   above sentence, as git-prune does not remove things reachable
+   from reflog entries.
+
+ - There is a toplevel garbage collector script, 'git-gc', that
+   runs periodic cleanup functions, including 'git-repack -a -d',
+   'git-reflog expire', 'git-pack-refs --prune', and 'git-rerere
+   gc'.
+
+ - The output from fsck ("fsck-objects" is called just "fsck"
+   now, but the old name continues to work) was needlessly
+   alarming in that it warned missing objects that are reachable
+   only from dangling objects.  This has been corrected and the
+   output is much more useful.
+
+
+* Detached HEAD
+
+ - You can use 'git-checkout' to check out an arbitrary revision
+   or a tag as well, instead of named branches.  This will
+   dissociate your HEAD from the branch you are currently on.
+
+   A typical use of this feature is to "look around".  E.g.
+
+	$ git checkout v2.6.16
+	... compile, test, etc.
+	$ git checkout v2.6.17
+	... compile, test, etc.
+
+ - After detaching your HEAD, you can go back to an existing
+   branch with usual "git checkout $branch".  Also you can
+   start a new branch using "git checkout -b $newbranch" to
+   start a new branch at that commit.
+
+ - You can even pull from other repositories, make merges and
+   commits while your HEAD is detached.  Also you can use "git
+   reset" to jump to arbitrary commit, while still keeping your
+   HEAD detached.
+
+   Remember that a detached state is volatile, i.e. it will be forgotten
+   as soon as you move away from it with the checkout or reset command,
+   unless a branch is created from it as mentioned above.  It is also
+   possible to rescue a lost detached state from the HEAD reflog.
+
+
+* Packed refs
+
+ - Repositories with hundreds of tags have been paying large
+   overhead, both in storage and in runtime, due to the
+   traditional one-ref-per-file format.  A new command,
+   git-pack-refs, can be used to "pack" them in more efficient
+   representation (you can let git-gc do this for you).
+
+ - Clones and fetches over dumb transports are now aware of
+   packed refs and can download from repositories that use
+   them.
+
+
+* Configuration
+
+ - configuration related to color setting are consolidated under
+   color.* namespace (older diff.color.*, status.color.* are
+   still supported).
+
+ - 'git-repo-config' command is accessible as 'git-config' now.
+
+
+* Updated features
+
+ - git-describe uses better criteria to pick a base ref.  It
+   used to pick the one with the newest timestamp, but now it
+   picks the one that is topologically the closest (that is,
+   among ancestors of commit C, the ref T that has the shortest
+   output from "git-rev-list T..C" is chosen).
+
+ - git-describe gives the number of commits since the base ref
+   between the refname and the hash suffix.  E.g. the commit one
+   before v2.6.20-rc6 in the kernel repository is:
+
+	v2.6.20-rc5-306-ga21b069
+
+   which tells you that its object name begins with a21b069,
+   v2.6.20-rc5 is an ancestor of it (meaning, the commit
+   contains everything -rc5 has), and there are 306 commits
+   since v2.6.20-rc5.
+
+ - git-describe with --abbrev=0 can be used to show only the
+   name of the base ref.
+
+ - git-blame learned a new option, --incremental, that tells it
+   to output the blames as they are assigned.  A sample script
+   to use it is also included as contrib/blameview.
+
+ - git-blame starts annotating from the working tree by default.
+
+
+* Less external dependency
+
+ - We no longer require the "merge" program from the RCS suite.
+   All 3-way file-level merges are now done internally.
+
+ - The original implementation of git-merge-recursive which was
+   in Python has been removed; we have a C implementation of it
+   now.
+
+ - git-shortlog is no longer a Perl script.  It no longer
+   requires output piped from git-log; it can accept revision
+   parameters directly on the command line.
+
+
+* I18n
+
+ - We have always encouraged the commit message to be encoded in
+   UTF-8, but the users are allowed to use legacy encoding as
+   appropriate for their projects.  This will continue to be the
+   case.  However, a non UTF-8 commit encoding _must_ be
+   explicitly set with i18n.commitencoding in the repository
+   where a commit is made; otherwise git-commit-tree will
+   complain if the log message does not look like a valid UTF-8
+   string.
+
+ - The value of i18n.commitencoding in the originating
+   repository is recorded in the commit object on the "encoding"
+   header, if it is not UTF-8.  git-log and friends notice this,
+   and reencodes the message to the log output encoding when
+   displaying, if they are different.  The log output encoding
+   is determined by "git log --encoding=<encoding>",
+   i18n.logoutputencoding configuration, or i18n.commitencoding
+   configuration, in the decreasing order of preference, and
+   defaults to UTF-8.
+
+ - Tools for e-mailed patch application now default to -u
+   behavior; i.e. it always re-codes from the e-mailed encoding
+   to the encoding specified with i18n.commitencoding.  This
+   unfortunately forces projects that have happily been using a
+   legacy encoding without setting i18n.commitencoding to set
+   the configuration, but taken with other improvement, please
+   excuse us for this very minor one-time inconvenience.
+
+
+* e-mailed patches
+
+ - See the above I18n section.
+
+ - git-format-patch now enables --binary without being asked.
+   git-am does _not_ default to it, as sending binary patch via
+   e-mail is unusual and is harder to review than textual
+   patches and it is prudent to require the person who is
+   applying the patch to explicitly ask for it.
+
+ - The default suffix for git-format-patch output is now ".patch",
+   not ".txt".  This can be changed with --suffix=.txt option,
+   or setting the config variable "format.suffix" to ".txt".
+
+
+* Foreign SCM interfaces
+
+ - git-svn now requires the Perl SVN:: libraries, the
+   command-line backend was too slow and limited.
+
+ - the 'commit' subcommand of git-svn has been renamed to
+   'set-tree', and 'dcommit' is the recommended replacement for
+   day-to-day work.
+
+ - git fast-import backend.
+
+
+* User support
+
+ - Quite a lot of documentation updates.
+
+ - Bash completion scripts have been updated heavily.
+
+ - Better error messages for often used Porcelainish commands.
+
+ - Git GUI.  This is a simple Tk based graphical interface for
+   common Git operations.
+
+
+* Sliding mmap
+
+ - We used to assume that we can mmap the whole packfile while
+   in use, but with a large project this consumes huge virtual
+   memory space and truly huge ones would not fit in the
+   userland address space on 32-bit platforms.  We now mmap huge
+   packfile in pieces to avoid this problem.
+
+
+* Shallow clones
+
+ - There is a partial support for 'shallow' repositories that
+   keeps only recent history.  A 'shallow clone' is created by
+   specifying how deep that truncated history should be
+   (e.g. "git clone --depth 5 git://some.where/repo.git").
+
+   Currently a shallow repository has number of limitations:
+
+   - Cloning and fetching _from_ a shallow clone are not
+     supported (nor tested -- so they might work by accident but
+     they are not expected to).
+
+   - Pushing from nor into a shallow clone are not expected to
+     work.
+
+   - Merging inside a shallow repository would work as long as a
+     merge base is found in the recent history, but otherwise it
+     will be like merging unrelated histories and may result in
+     huge conflicts.
+
+   but this would be more than adequate for people who want to
+   look at near the tip of a big project with a deep history and
+   send patches in e-mail format.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9147121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+GIT v1.5.1.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1
+------------------
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+  - The --left-right option of rev-list and friends is documented.
+
+  - The documentation for cvsimport has been majorly improved.
+
+  - "git-show-ref --exclude-existing" was documented.
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - The implementation of -p option in "git cvsexportcommit" had
+    the meaning of -C (context reduction) option wrong, and
+    loosened the context requirements when it was told to be
+    strict.
+
+  - "git cvsserver" did not behave like the real cvsserver when
+    client side removed a file from the working tree without
+    doing anything else on the path.  In such a case, it should
+    restore it from the checked out revision.
+
+  - "git fsck" issued an alarming error message on detached
+    HEAD.  It is not an error since at least 1.5.0.
+
+  - "git send-email" produced of References header of unbounded length;
+    fixed this with line-folding.
+
+  - "git archive" to download from remote site should not
+    require you to be in a git repository, but it incorrectly
+    did.
+
+  - "git apply" ignored -p<n> for "diff --git" formatted
+    patches.
+
+  - "git rerere" recorded a conflict that had one side empty
+    (the other side adds) incorrectly; this made merging in the
+    other direction fail to use previously recorded resolution.
+
+  - t4200 test was broken where "wc -l" pads its output with
+    spaces.
+
+  - "git branch -m old new" to rename branch did not work
+    without a configuration file in ".git/config".
+
+  - The sample hook for notification e-mail was misnamed.
+
+  - gitweb did not show type-changing patch correctly in the
+    blobdiff view.
+
+  - git-svn did not error out with incorrect command line options.
+
+  - git-svn fell into an infinite loop when insanely long commit
+    message was found.
+
+  - git-svn dcommit and rebase was confused by patches that were
+    merged from another branch that is managed by git-svn.
+
+  - git-svn used to get confused when globbing remote branch/tag
+    spec (e.g. "branches = proj/branches/*:refs/remotes/origin/*")
+    is used and there was a plain file that matched the glob.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d884563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+GIT v1.5.1.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1.1
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - "git clone" over http from a repository that has lost the
+    loose refs by running "git pack-refs" were broken (a code to
+    deal with this was added to "git fetch" in v1.5.0, but it
+    was missing from "git clone").
+
+  - "git diff a/ b/" incorrectly fell in "diff between two
+    filesystem objects" codepath, when the user most likely
+    wanted to limit the extent of output to two tracked
+    directories.
+
+  - git-quiltimport had the same bug as we fixed for
+    git-applymbox in v1.5.1.1 -- it gave an alarming "did not
+    have any patch" message (but did not actually fail and was
+    harmless).
+
+  - various git-svn fixes.
+
+  - Sample update hook incorrectly always refused requests to
+    delete branches through push.
+
+  - git-blame on a very long working tree path had buffer
+    overrun problem.
+
+  - git-apply did not like to be fed two patches in a row that created
+    and then modified the same file.
+
+  - git-svn was confused when a non-project was stored directly under
+    trunk/, branches/ and tags/.
+
+  - git-svn wants the Error.pm module that was at least as new
+    as what we ship as part of git; install ours in our private
+    installation location if the one on the system is older.
+
+  - An earlier update to command line integer parameter parser was
+    botched and made 'update-index --cacheinfo' completely useless.
+
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+  - Various documentation updates from J. Bruce Fields, Frank
+    Lichtenheld, Alex Riesen and others.  Andrew Ruder started a
+    war on undocumented options.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..876408b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+GIT v1.5.1.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1.2
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-add tried to optimize by finding common leading
+    directories across its arguments but botched, causing very
+    confused behaviour.
+
+  - unofficial rpm.spec file shipped with git was letting
+    ETC_GITCONFIG set to /usr/etc/gitconfig.  Tweak the official
+    Makefile to make it harder for distro people to make the
+    same mistake, by setting the variable to /etc/gitconfig if
+    prefix is set to /usr.
+
+  - git-svn inconsistently stripped away username from the URL
+    only when svnsync_props was in use.
+
+  - git-svn got confused when handling symlinks on Mac OS.
+
+  - git-send-email was not quoting recipient names that have
+    period '.' in them.  Also it did not allow overriding
+    envelope sender, which made it impossible to send patches to
+    certain subscriber-only lists.
+
+  - built-in write_tree() routine had a sequence that renamed a
+    file that is still open, which some systems did not like.
+
+  - when memory is very tight, sliding mmap code to read
+    packfiles incorrectly closed the fd that was still being
+    used to read the pack.
+
+  - import-tars contributed front-end for fastimport was passing
+    wrong directory modes without checking.
+
+  - git-fastimport trusted its input too much and allowed to
+    create corrupt tree objects with entries without a name.
+
+  - git-fetch needlessly barfed when too long reflog action
+    description was given by the caller.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df2f66c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+GIT v1.5.1.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1.3
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - "git-http-fetch" did not work around a bug in libcurl
+    earlier than 7.16 (curl_multi_remove_handle() was broken).
+
+  - "git cvsserver" handles a file that was once removed and
+    then added again correctly.
+
+  - import-tars script (in contrib/) handles GNU tar archives
+    that contain pathnames longer than 100 bytes (long-link
+    extension) correctly.
+
+  - xdelta test program did not build correctly.
+
+  - gitweb sometimes tried incorrectly to apply function to
+    decode utf8 twice, resulting in corrupt output.
+
+  - "git blame -C" mishandled text at the end of a group of
+    lines.
+
+  - "git log/rev-list --boundary" did not produce output
+    correctly without --left-right option.
+
+  - Many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0ab8eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+GIT v1.5.1.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1.4
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-send-email did not understand aliases file for mutt, which
+    allows leading whitespaces.
+
+  - git-format-patch emitted Content-Type and Content-Transfer-Encoding
+    headers for non ASCII contents, but failed to add MIME-Version.
+
+  - git-name-rev had a buffer overrun with a deep history.
+
+  - contributed script import-tars did not get the directory in
+    tar archives interpreted correctly.
+
+  - git-svn was reported to segfault for many people on list and
+    #git; hopefully this has been fixed.
+
+  - "git-svn clone" does not try to minimize the URL
+    (i.e. connect to higher level hierarchy) by default, as this
+    can prevent clone to fail if only part of the repository
+    (e.g. 'trunk') is open to public.
+
+  - "git checkout branch^0" did not detach the head when you are
+    already on 'branch'; backported the fix from the 'master'.
+
+  - "git-config section.var" did not correctly work when
+    existing configuration file had both [section] and [section "name"]
+    next to each other.
+
+  - "git clone ../other-directory" was fooled if the current
+    directory $PWD points at is a symbolic link.
+
+  - (build) tree_entry_extract() function was both static inline
+    and extern, which caused trouble compiling with Forte12
+    compilers on Sun.
+
+  - Many many documentation fixes and updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55f3ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+GIT v1.5.1.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1.4
+--------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-send-email did not understand aliases file for mutt, which
+    allows leading whitespaces.
+
+  - git-format-patch emitted Content-Type and Content-Transfer-Encoding
+    headers for non ASCII contents, but failed to add MIME-Version.
+
+  - git-name-rev had a buffer overrun with a deep history.
+
+  - contributed script import-tars did not get the directory in
+    tar archives interpreted correctly.
+
+  - git-svn was reported to segfault for many people on list and
+    #git; hopefully this has been fixed.
+
+  - git-svn also had a bug to crash svnserve by sending a bad
+    sequence of requests.
+
+  - "git-svn clone" does not try to minimize the URL
+    (i.e. connect to higher level hierarchy) by default, as this
+    can prevent clone to fail if only part of the repository
+    (e.g. 'trunk') is open to public.
+
+  - "git checkout branch^0" did not detach the head when you are
+    already on 'branch'; backported the fix from the 'master'.
+
+  - "git-config section.var" did not correctly work when
+    existing configuration file had both [section] and [section "name"]
+    next to each other.
+
+  - "git clone ../other-directory" was fooled if the current
+    directory $PWD points at is a symbolic link.
+
+  - (build) tree_entry_extract() function was both static inline
+    and extern, which caused trouble compiling with Forte12
+    compilers on Sun.
+
+  - Many many documentation fixes and updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daed367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+GIT v1.5.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.5.0
+--------------------
+
+* Deprecated commands and options.
+
+  - git-diff-stages and git-resolve have been removed.
+
+* New commands and options.
+
+  - "git log" and friends take --reverse, which instructs them
+    to give their output in the order opposite from their usual.
+    They typically output from new to old, but with this option
+    their output would read from old to new.  "git shortlog"
+    usually lists older commits first, but with this option,
+    they are shown from new to old.
+
+  - "git log --pretty=format:<string>" to allow more flexible
+    custom log output.
+
+  - "git diff" learned --ignore-space-at-eol.  This is a weaker
+    form of --ignore-space-change.
+
+  - "git diff --no-index pathA pathB" can be used as diff
+    replacement with git specific enhancements.
+
+  - "git diff --no-index" can read from '-' (standard input).
+
+  - "git diff" also learned --exit-code to exit with non-zero
+    status when it found differences.  In the future we might
+    want to make this the default but that would be a rather big
+    backward incompatible change; it will stay as an option for
+    now.
+
+  - "git diff --quiet" is --exit-code with output turned off,
+    meant for scripted use to quickly determine if there is any
+    tree-level difference.
+
+  - Textual patch generation with "git diff" without -w/-b
+    option has been significantly optimized.  "git blame" got
+    faster because of the same change.
+
+  - "git log" and "git rev-list" has been optimized
+    significantly when they are used with pathspecs.
+
+  - "git branch --track" can be used to set up configuration
+    variables to help it easier to base your work on branches
+    you track from a remote site.
+
+  - "git format-patch --attach" now emits attachments.  Use
+    --inline to get an inlined multipart/mixed.
+
+  - "git name-rev" learned --refs=<pattern>, to limit the tags
+    used for naming the given revisions only to the ones
+    matching the given pattern.
+
+  - "git remote update" is to run "git fetch" for defined remotes
+    to update tracking branches.
+
+  - "git cvsimport" can now take '-d' to talk with a CVS
+    repository different from what are recorded in CVS/Root
+    (overriding it with environment CVSROOT does not work).
+
+  - "git bundle" can help sneaker-netting your changes between
+    repositories.
+
+  - "git mergetool" can help 3-way file-level conflict
+    resolution with your favorite graphical merge tools.
+
+  - A new configuration "core.symlinks" can be used to disable
+    symlinks on filesystems that do not support them; they are
+    checked out as regular files instead.
+
+  - You can name a commit object with its first line of the
+    message.  The syntax to use is ':/message text'.  E.g.
+
+    $ git show ":/object name: introduce ':/<oneline prefix>' notation"
+
+    means the same thing as:
+
+    $ git show 28a4d940443806412effa246ecc7768a21553ec7
+
+  - "git bisect" learned a new command "run" that takes a script
+    to run after each revision is checked out to determine if it
+    is good or bad, to automate the bisection process.
+
+  - "git log" family learned a new traversal option --first-parent,
+    which does what the name suggests.
+
+
+* Updated behavior of existing commands.
+
+  - "git-merge-recursive" used to barf when there are more than
+    one common ancestors for the merge, and merging them had a
+    rename/rename conflict.  This has been fixed.
+
+  - "git fsck" does not barf on corrupt loose objects.
+
+  - "git rm" does not remove newly added files without -f.
+
+  - "git archimport" allows remapping when coming up with git
+    branch names from arch names.
+
+  - git-svn got almost a rewrite.
+
+  - core.autocrlf configuration, when set to 'true', makes git
+    to convert CRLF at the end of lines in text files to LF when
+    reading from the filesystem, and convert in reverse when
+    writing to the filesystem.  The variable can be set to
+    'input', in which case the conversion happens only while
+    reading from the filesystem but files are written out with
+    LF at the end of lines.  Currently, which paths to consider
+    'text' (i.e. be subjected to the autocrlf mechanism) is
+    decided purely based on the contents, but the plan is to
+    allow users to explicitly override this heuristic based on
+    paths.
+
+  - The behavior of 'git-apply', when run in a subdirectory,
+    without --index nor --cached were inconsistent with that of
+    the command with these options.  This was fixed to match the
+    behavior with --index.  A patch that is meant to be applied
+    with -p1 from the toplevel of the project tree can be
+    applied with any custom -p<n> option.  A patch that is not
+    relative to the toplevel needs to be applied with -p<n>
+    option with or without --index (or --cached).
+
+  - "git diff" outputs a trailing HT when pathnames have embedded
+    SP on +++/--- header lines, in order to help "GNU patch" to
+    parse its output.  "git apply" was already updated to accept
+    this modified output format since ce74618d (Sep 22, 2006).
+
+  - "git cvsserver" runs hooks/update and honors its exit status.
+
+  - "git cvsserver" can be told to send everything with -kb.
+
+  - "git diff --check" also honors the --color output option.
+
+  - "git name-rev" used to stress the fact that a ref is a tag too
+    much, by saying something like "v1.2.3^0~22".  It now says
+    "v1.2.3~22" in such a case (it still says "v1.2.3^0" if it does
+    not talk about an ancestor of the commit that is tagged, which
+    makes sense).
+
+  - "git rev-list --boundary" now shows boundary markers for the
+    commits omitted by --max-age and --max-count condition.
+
+  - The configuration mechanism now reads $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
+
+  - "git apply --verbose" shows what preimage lines were wanted
+    when it couldn't find them.
+
+  - "git status" in a read-only repository got a bit saner.
+
+  - "git fetch" (hence "git clone" and "git pull") are less
+    noisy when the output does not go to tty.
+
+  - "git fetch" between repositories with many refs were slow
+    even when there are not many changes that needed
+    transferring.  This has been sped up by partially rewriting
+    the heaviest parts in C.
+
+  - "git mailinfo" which splits an e-mail into a patch and the
+    meta-information was rewritten, thanks to Don Zickus.  It
+    handles nested multipart better.  The command was broken for
+    a brief period on 'master' branch since 1.5.0 but the
+    breakage is fixed now.
+
+  - send-email learned configurable bcc and chain-reply-to.
+
+  - "git remote show $remote" also talks about branches that
+    would be pushed if you run "git push remote".
+
+  - Using objects from packs is now seriously optimized by clever
+    use of a cache.  This should be most noticeable in git-log
+    family of commands that involve reading many tree objects.
+    In addition, traversing revisions while filtering changes
+    with pathspecs is made faster by terminating the comparison
+    between the trees as early as possible.
+
+
+* Hooks
+
+  - The part to send out notification e-mails was removed from
+    the sample update hook, as it was not an appropriate place
+    to do so.  The proper place to do this is the new post-receive
+    hook.  An example hook has been added to contrib/hooks/.
+
+
+* Others
+
+  - git-revert, git-gc and git-cherry-pick are now built-ins.
+
+Fixes since v1.5.0
+------------------
+
+These are all in v1.5.0.x series.
+
+* Documentation updates
+
+  - Clarifications and corrections to 1.5.0 release notes.
+
+  - The main documentation did not link to git-remote documentation.
+
+  - Clarified introductory text of git-rebase documentation.
+
+  - Converted remaining mentions of update-index on Porcelain
+    documents to git-add/git-rm.
+
+  - Some i18n.* configuration variables were incorrectly
+    described as core.*; fixed.
+
+  - added and clarified core.bare, core.legacyheaders configurations.
+
+  - updated "git-clone --depth" documentation.
+
+  - user-manual updates.
+
+  - Options to 'git remote add' were described insufficiently.
+
+  - Configuration format.suffix was not documented.
+
+  - Other formatting and spelling fixes.
+
+  - user-manual has better cross references.
+
+  - gitweb installation/deployment procedure is now documented.
+
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - git-upload-pack closes unused pipe ends; earlier this caused
+    many zombies to hang around.
+
+  - git-rerere was recording the contents of earlier hunks
+    duplicated in later hunks.  This prevented resolving the same
+    conflict when performing the same merge the other way around.
+
+  - git-add and git-update-index on a filesystem on which
+    executable bits are unreliable incorrectly reused st_mode
+    bits even when the path changed between symlink and regular
+    file.
+
+  - git-daemon marks the listening sockets with FD_CLOEXEC so
+    that it won't be leaked into the children.
+
+  - segfault from git-blame when the mandatory pathname
+    parameter was missing was fixed; usage() message is given
+    instead.
+
+  - git-rev-list did not read $GIT_DIR/config file, which means
+    that did not honor i18n.logoutputencoding correctly.
+
+  - Automated merge conflict handling when changes to symbolic
+    links conflicted were completely broken.  The merge-resolve
+    strategy created a regular file with conflict markers in it
+    in place of the symbolic link.  The default strategy,
+    merge-recursive was even more broken.  It removed the path
+    that was pointed at by the symbolic link.  Both of these
+    problems have been fixed.
+
+  - 'git diff maint master next' did not correctly give combined
+    diff across three trees.
+
+  - 'git fast-import' portability fix for Solaris.
+
+  - 'git show-ref --verify' without arguments did not error out
+    but segfaulted.
+
+  - 'git diff :tracked-file `pwd`/an-untracked-file' gave an extra
+    slashes after a/ and b/.
+
+  - 'git format-patch' produced too long filenames if the commit
+    message had too long line at the beginning.
+
+  - Running 'make all' and then without changing anything
+    running 'make install' still rebuilt some files.  This
+    was inconvenient when building as yourself and then
+    installing as root (especially problematic when the source
+    directory is on NFS and root is mapped to nobody).
+
+  - 'git-rerere' failed to deal with two unconflicted paths that
+    sorted next to each other.
+
+  - 'git-rerere' attempted to open(2) a symlink and failed if
+    there was a conflict.  Since a conflicting change to a
+    symlink would not benefit from rerere anyway, the command
+    now ignores conflicting changes to symlinks.
+
+  - 'git-repack' did not like to pass more than 64 arguments
+    internally to underlying 'rev-list' logic, which made it
+    impossible to repack after accumulating many (small) packs
+    in the repository.
+
+  - 'git-diff' to review the combined diff during a conflicted
+    merge were not reading the working tree version correctly
+    when changes to a symbolic link conflicted.  It should have
+    read the data using readlink(2) but read from the regular
+    file the symbolic link pointed at.
+
+  - 'git-remote' did not like period in a remote's name.
+
+  - 'git.el' honors the commit coding system from the configuration.
+
+  - 'blameview' in contrib/ correctly digs deeper when a line is
+    clicked.
+
+  - 'http-push' correctly makes sure the remote side has leading
+    path.  Earlier it started in the middle of the path, and
+    incorrectly.
+
+  - 'git-merge' did not exit with non-zero status when the
+    working tree was dirty and cannot fast forward.  It does
+    now.
+
+  - 'cvsexportcommit' does not lose yet-to-be-used message file.
+
+  - int-vs-size_t typefix when running combined diff on files
+    over 2GB long.
+
+  - 'git apply --whitespace=strip' should not touch unmodified
+    lines.
+
+  - 'git-mailinfo' choke when a logical header line was too long.
+
+  - 'git show A..B' did not error out.  Negative ref ("not A" in
+    this example) does not make sense for the purpose of the
+    command, so now it errors out.
+
+  - 'git fmt-merge-msg --file' without file parameter did not
+    correctly error out.
+
+  - 'git archimport' barfed upon encountering a commit without
+    summary.
+
+  - 'git index-pack' did not protect itself from getting a short
+    read out of pread(2).
+
+  - 'git http-push' had a few buffer overruns.
+
+  - Build dependency fixes to rebuild fetch.o when other headers
+    change.
+
+  - git.el does not add duplicate sign-off lines.
+
+  - git-commit shows the full stat of the resulting commit, not
+    just about the files in the current directory, when run from
+    a subdirectory.
+
+  - "git-checkout -m '@{8 hours ago}'" had a funny failure from
+    eval; fixed.
+
+  - git-merge (hence git-pull) did not refuse fast-forwarding
+    when the working tree had local changes that would have
+    conflicted with it.
+
+  - a handful small fixes to gitweb.
+
+  - build procedure for user-manual is fixed not to require locally
+    installed stylesheets.
+
+  - "git commit $paths" on paths whose earlier contents were
+    already updated in the index were failing out.
+
+
+* Tweaks
+
+  - sliding mmap() inefficiently mmaped the same region of a
+    packfile with an access pattern that used objects in the
+    reverse order.  This has been made more efficient.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf20e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+GIT v1.5.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.2
+------------------
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - Temporary files that are used when invoking external diff
+    programs did not tolerate a long TMPDIR.
+
+  - git-daemon did not notice when it could not write into its
+    pid file.
+
+  - git-status did not honor core.excludesFile configuration like
+    git-add did.
+
+  - git-annotate did not work from a subdirectory while
+    git-blame did.
+
+  - git-cvsserver should have disabled access to a repository
+    with "gitcvs.pserver.enabled = false" set even when
+    "gitcvs.enabled = true" was set at the same time.  It
+    didn't.
+
+  - git-cvsimport did not work correctly in a repository with
+    its branch heads were packed with pack-refs.
+
+  - ident unexpansion to squash "$Id: xxx $" that is in the
+    repository copy removed incorrect number of bytes.
+
+  - git-svn misbehaved when the subversion repository did not
+    provide MD5 checksums for files.
+
+  - git rebase (and git am) misbehaved on commits that have '\n'
+    (literally backslash and en, not a linefeed) in the title.
+
+  - code to decode base85 used in binary patches had one error
+    return codepath wrong.
+
+  - RFC2047 Q encoding output by git-format-patch used '_' for a
+    space, which is not understood by some programs.  It uses =20
+    which is safer.
+
+  - git-fastimport --import-marks was broken; fixed.
+
+  - A lot of documentation updates, clarifications and fixes.
+
+--
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+O=v1.5.2-65-g996e2d6
+echo O=`git describe refs/heads/maint`
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bfa341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+GIT v1.5.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.2.1
+--------------------
+
+* Usability fix
+
+  - git-gui is shipped with its updated blame interface.  It is
+    rumored that the older one was not just unusable but was
+    active health hazard, but this one is actually pretty.
+    Please see for yourself.
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - "git checkout fubar" was utterly confused when there is a
+    branch fubar and a tag fubar at the same time.  It correctly
+    checks out the branch fubar now.
+
+  - "git clone /path/foo" to clone a local /path/foo.git
+    repository left an incorrect configuration.
+
+  - "git send-email" correctly unquotes RFC 2047 quoted names in
+    the patch-email before using their values.
+
+  - We did not accept number of seconds since epoch older than
+    year 2000 as a valid timestamp.  We now interpret positive
+    integers more than 8 digits as such, which allows us to
+    express timestamps more recent than March 1973.
+
+  - git-cvsimport did not work when you have GIT_DIR to point
+    your repository at a nonstandard location.
+
+  - Some systems (notably, Solaris) lack hstrerror() to make
+    h_errno human readable; prepare a replacement
+    implementation.
+
+  - .gitignore file listed git-core.spec but what we generate is
+    git.spec, and nobody noticed for a long time.
+
+  - "git-merge-recursive" does not try to run file level merge
+    on binary files.
+
+  - "git-branch --track" did not create tracking configuration
+    correctly when the branch name had slash in it.
+
+  - The email address of the user specified with user.email
+    configuration was overridden by EMAIL environment variable.
+
+  - The tree parser did not warn about tree entries with
+    nonsense file modes, and assumed they must be blobs.
+
+  - "git log -z" without any other request to generate diff still
+    invoked the diff machinery, wasting cycles.
+
+* Documentation
+
+  - Many updates to fix stale or missing documentation.
+
+  - Although our documentation was primarily meant to be formatted
+    with AsciiDoc7, formatting with AsciiDoc8 is supported better.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..addb229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+GIT v1.5.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.2.2
+--------------------
+
+ * Bugfixes
+
+   - Version 2 pack index format was introduced in version 1.5.2
+     to support pack files that has offset that cannot be
+     represented in 32-bit.  The runtime code to validate such
+     an index mishandled such an index for an empty pack.
+
+   - Commit walkers (most notably, fetch over http protocol)
+     tried to traverse commit objects contained in trees (aka
+     subproject); they shouldn't.
+
+   - A build option NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER was not explained in Makefile
+     comment correctly.
+
+ * Documentation Fixes and Updates
+
+   - git-config --regexp was not documented properly.
+
+   - git-repack -a was not documented properly.
+
+   - git-remote -n was not documented properly.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75cff47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+GIT v1.5.2.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.2.3
+--------------------
+
+ * Bugfixes
+
+   - "git-gui" bugfixes, including a handful fixes to run it
+     better on Cygwin/MSYS.
+
+   - "git checkout" failed to switch back and forth between
+     branches, one of which has "frotz -> xyzzy" symlink and
+     file "xyzzy/filfre", while the other one has a file
+     "frotz/filfre".
+
+   - "git prune" used to segfault upon seeing a commit that is
+     referred to by a tree object (aka "subproject").
+
+   - "git diff --name-status --no-index" mishandled an added file.
+
+   - "git apply --reverse --whitespace=warn" still complained
+     about whitespaces that a forward application would have
+     introduced.
+
+ * Documentation Fixes and Updates
+
+   - A handful documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8281c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+GIT v1.5.2.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.2.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Bugfixes
+
+   - "git add -u" had a serious data corruption problem in one
+     special case (when the changes to a subdirectory's files
+     consist only deletion of files).
+
+   - "git add -u <path>" did not work from a subdirectory.
+
+   - "git apply" left an empty directory after all its files are
+     renamed away.
+
+   - "git $anycmd foo/bar", when there is a file 'foo' in the
+     working tree, complained that "git $anycmd foo/bar --" form
+     should be used to disambiguate between revs and files,
+     which was completely bogus.
+
+   - "git checkout-index" and other commands that checks out
+     files to the work tree tried unlink(2) on directories,
+     which is a sane thing to do on sane systems, but not on
+     Solaris when you are root.
+
+ * Documentation Fixes and Updates
+
+   - A handful documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8328d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+GIT v1.5.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.5.1
+--------------------
+
+* Plumbing level superproject support.
+
+  You can include a subdirectory that has an independent git
+  repository in your index and tree objects of your project
+  ("superproject").  This plumbing (i.e. "core") level
+  superproject support explicitly excludes recursive behaviour.
+
+  The "subproject" entries in the index and trees of a superproject
+  are incompatible with older versions of git.  Experimenting with
+  the plumbing level support is encouraged, but be warned that
+  unless everybody in your project updates to this release or
+  later, using this feature would make your project
+  inaccessible by people with older versions of git.
+
+* Plumbing level gitattributes support.
+
+  The gitattributes mechanism allows you to add 'attributes' to
+  paths in your project, and affect the way certain git
+  operations work.  Currently you can influence if a path is
+  considered a binary or text (the former would be treated by
+  'git diff' not to produce textual output; the latter can go
+  through the line endings conversion process in repositories
+  with core.autocrlf set), expand and unexpand '$Id$' keyword
+  with blob object name, specify a custom 3-way merge driver,
+  and specify a custom diff driver.  You can also apply
+  arbitrary filter to contents on check-in/check-out codepath
+  but this feature is an extremely sharp-edged razor and needs
+  to be handled with caution (do not use it unless you
+  understand the earlier mailing list discussion on keyword
+  expansion).  These conversions apply when checking files in
+  or out, and exporting via git-archive.
+
+* The packfile format now optionally supports 64-bit index.
+
+  This release supports the "version 2" format of the .idx
+  file.  This is automatically enabled when a huge packfile
+  needs more than 32-bit to express offsets of objects in the
+  pack.
+
+* Comes with an updated git-gui 0.7.1
+
+* Updated gitweb:
+
+  - can show combined diff for merges;
+  - uses font size of user's preference, not hardcoded in pixels;
+  - can now 'grep';
+
+* New commands and options.
+
+  - "git bisect start" can optionally take a single bad commit and
+    zero or more good commits on the command line.
+
+  - "git shortlog" can optionally be told to wrap its output.
+
+  - "subtree" merge strategy allows another project to be merged in as
+    your subdirectory.
+
+  - "git format-patch" learned a new --subject-prefix=<string>
+    option, to override the built-in "[PATCH]".
+
+  - "git add -u" is a quick way to do the first stage of "git
+    commit -a" (i.e. update the index to match the working
+    tree); it obviously does not make a commit.
+
+  - "git clean" honors a new configuration, "clean.requireforce".  When
+    set to true, this makes "git clean" a no-op, preventing you
+    from losing files by typing "git clean" when you meant to
+    say "make clean".  You can still say "git clean -f" to
+    override this.
+
+  - "git log" family of commands learned --date={local,relative,default}
+    option.  --date=relative is synonym to the --relative-date.
+    --date=local gives the timestamp in local timezone.
+
+* Updated behavior of existing commands.
+
+  - When $GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL or $GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL is not set
+    but $EMAIL is set, the latter is used as a substitute.
+
+  - "git diff --stat" shows size of preimage and postimage blobs
+    for binary contents.  Earlier it only said "Bin".
+
+  - "git lost-found" shows stuff that are unreachable except
+    from reflogs.
+
+  - "git checkout branch^0" now detaches HEAD at the tip commit
+    on the named branch, instead of just switching to the
+    branch (use "git checkout branch" to switch to the branch,
+    as before).
+
+  - "git bisect next" can be used after giving only a bad commit
+    without giving a good one (this starts bisection half-way to
+    the root commit).  We used to refuse to operate without a
+    good and a bad commit.
+
+  - "git push", when pushing into more than one repository, does
+    not stop at the first error.
+
+  - "git archive" does not insist you to give --format parameter
+    anymore; it defaults to "tar".
+
+  - "git cvsserver" can use backends other than sqlite.
+
+  - "gitview" (in contrib/ section) learned to better support
+    "git-annotate".
+
+  - "git diff $commit1:$path2 $commit2:$path2" can now report
+    mode changes between the two blobs.
+
+  - Local "git fetch" from a repository whose object store is
+    one of the alternates (e.g. fetching from the origin in a
+    repository created with "git clone -l -s") avoids
+    downloading objects unnecessarily.
+
+  - "git blame" uses .mailmap to canonicalize the author name
+    just like "git shortlog" does.
+
+  - "git pack-objects" pays attention to pack.depth
+    configuration variable.
+
+  - "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" does not use .msg file in
+    the working tree to prepare commit message; instead it uses
+    $GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG as other commands do.
+
+* Builds
+
+  - git-p4import has never been installed; now there is an
+    installation option to do so.
+
+  - gitk and git-gui can be configured out.
+
+  - Generated documentation pages automatically get version
+    information from GIT_VERSION.
+
+  - Parallel build with "make -j" descending into subdirectory
+    was fixed.
+
+* Performance Tweaks
+
+  - Optimized "git-rev-list --bisect" (hence "git-bisect").
+
+  - Optimized "git-add $path" in a large directory, most of
+    whose contents are ignored.
+
+  - Optimized "git-diff-tree" for reduced memory footprint.
+
+  - The recursive merge strategy updated a worktree file that
+    was changed identically in two branches, when one of them
+    renamed it.  We do not do that when there is no rename, so
+    match that behaviour.  This avoids excessive rebuilds.
+
+  - The default pack depth has been increased to 50, as the
+    recent addition of delta_base_cache makes deeper delta chains
+    much less expensive to access.  Depending on the project, it was
+    reported that this reduces the resulting pack file by 10%
+    or so.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.5.1
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.5.1 maintenance series are included in
+this release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - Switching branches with "git checkout" refused to work when
+    a path changes from a file to a directory between the
+    current branch and the new branch, in order not to lose
+    possible local changes in the directory that is being turned
+    into a file with the switch.  We now allow such a branch
+    switch after making sure that there is no locally modified
+    file nor un-ignored file in the directory.  This has not
+    been backported to 1.5.1.x series, as it is rather an
+    intrusive change.
+
+  - Merging branches that have a file in one and a directory in
+    another at the same path used to get quite confused.  We
+    handle such a case a bit more carefully, even though that is
+    still left as a conflict for the user to sort out.  This
+    will not be backported to 1.5.1.x series, as it is rather an
+    intrusive change.
+
+  - git-fetch had trouble with a remote with insanely large number
+    of refs.
+
+  - "git clean -d -X" now does not remove non-excluded directories.
+
+  - rebasing (without -m) a series that changes a symlink to a directory
+    in the middle of a path confused git-apply greatly and refused to
+    operate.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ff546c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3
+------------------
+
+This is solely to fix the generated RPM's dependencies.  We used
+to have git-p4 package but we do not anymore.  As suggested on
+the mailing list, this release makes git-core "Obsolete" git-p4,
+so that yum update would not complain.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bbde3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * git-push sent thin packs by default, which was not good for
+   the public distribution server (no point in saving transfer
+   while pushing; no point in making the resulting pack less
+   optimum).
+
+ * git-svn sometimes terminated with "Malformed network data" when
+   talking over svn:// protocol.
+
+ * git-send-email re-issued the same message-id about 10% of the
+   time if you fired off 30 messages within a single second.
+
+ * git-stash was not terminating the log message of commits it
+   internally creates with LF.
+
+ * git-apply failed to check the size of the patch hunk when its
+   beginning part matched the remainder of the preimage exactly,
+   even though the preimage recorded in the hunk was much larger
+   (therefore the patch should not have applied), leading to a
+   segfault.
+
+ * "git rm foo && git commit foo" complained that 'foo' needs to
+   be added first, instead of committing the removal, which was a
+   nonsense.
+
+ * git grep -c said "/dev/null: 0".
+
+ * git-add -u failed to recognize a blob whose type changed
+   between the index and the work tree.
+
+ * The limit to rename detection has been tightened a lot to
+   reduce performance problems with a huge change.
+
+ * cvsimport and svnimport barfed when the input tried to move
+   a tag.
+
+ * "git apply -pN" did not chop the right number of directories.
+
+ * "git svnimport" did not like SVN tags with funny characters in them.
+
+ * git-gui 0.8.3, with assorted fixes, including:
+
+   - font-chooser on X11 was unusable with large number of fonts;
+   - a diff that contained a deleted symlink made it barf;
+   - an untracked symbolic link to a directory made it fart;
+   - a file with % in its name made it vomit;
+
+
+Documentation updates
+---------------------
+
+User manual has been somewhat restructured.  I think the new
+organization is much easier to read.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d213846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * git-quiltimport did not like it when a patch described in the
+   series file does not exist.
+
+ * p4 importer missed executable bit in some cases.
+
+ * The default shell on some FreeBSD did not execute the
+   argument parsing code correctly and made git unusable.
+
+ * git-svn incorrectly spawned pager even when the user
+   explicitly asked not to.
+
+ * sample post-receive hook overquoted the envelope sender
+   value.
+
+ * git-am got confused when the patch contained a change that is
+   only about type and not contents.
+
+ * git-mergetool did not show our and their version of the
+   conflicted file when started from a subdirectory of the
+   project.
+
+ * git-mergetool did not pass correct options when invoking diff3.
+
+ * git-log sometimes invoked underlying "diff" machinery
+   unnecessarily.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b04b3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.3
+--------------------
+
+ * Change to "git-ls-files" in v1.5.3.3 that was introduced to support
+   partial commit of removal better had a segfaulting bug, which was
+   diagnosed and fixed by Keith and Carl.
+
+ * Performance improvements for rename detection has been backported
+   from the 'master' branch.
+
+ * "git-for-each-ref --format='%(numparent)'" was not working
+   correctly at all, and --format='%(parent)' was not working for
+   merge commits.
+
+ * Sample "post-receive-hook" incorrectly sent out push
+   notification e-mails marked as "From: " the committer of the
+   commit that happened to be at the tip of the branch that was
+   pushed, not from the person who pushed.
+
+ * "git-remote" did not exit non-zero status upon error.
+
+ * "git-add -i" did not respond very well to EOF from tty nor
+   bogus input.
+
+ * "git-rebase -i" squash subcommand incorrectly made the
+   author of later commit the author of resulting commit,
+   instead of taking from the first one in the squashed series.
+
+ * "git-stash apply --index" was not documented.
+
+ * autoconfiguration learned that "ar" command is found as "gas" on
+   some systems.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ff1d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Comes with git-gui 0.8.4.
+
+ * "git-config" silently ignored options after --list; now it will
+   error out with a usage message.
+
+ * "git-config --file" failed if the argument used a relative path
+   as it changed directories before opening the file.
+
+ * "git-config --file" now displays a proper error message if it
+   cannot read the file specified on the command line.
+
+ * "git-config", "git-diff", "git-apply" failed if run from a
+   subdirectory with relative GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE set.
+
+ * "git-blame" crashed if run during a merge conflict.
+
+ * "git-add -i" did not handle single line hunks correctly.
+
+ * "git-rebase -i" and "git-stash apply" failed if external diff
+   drivers were used for one or more files in a commit.  They now
+   avoid calling the external diff drivers.
+
+ * "git-log --follow" did not work unless diff generation (e.g. -p)
+   was also requested.
+
+ * "git-log --follow -B" did not work at all.  Fixed.
+
+ * "git-log -M -B" did not correctly handle cases of very large files
+   being renamed and replaced by very small files in the same commit.
+
+ * "git-log" printed extra newlines between commits when a diff
+   was generated internally (e.g. -S or --follow) but not displayed.
+
+ * "git-push" error message is more helpful when pushing to a
+   repository with no matching refs and none specified.
+
+ * "git-push" now respects + (force push) on wildcard refspecs,
+   matching the behavior of git-fetch.
+
+ * "git-filter-branch" now updates the working directory when it
+   has finished filtering the current branch.
+
+ * "git-instaweb" no longer fails on Mac OS X.
+
+ * "git-cvsexportcommit" didn't always create new parent directories
+   before trying to create new child directories.  Fixed.
+
+ * "git-fetch" printed a scary (but bogus) error message while
+   fetching a tag that pointed to a tree or blob.  The error did
+   not impact correctness, only user perception.  The bogus error
+   is no longer printed.
+
+ * "git-ls-files --ignored" did not properly descend into non-ignored
+   directories that themselves contained ignored files if d_type
+   was not supported by the filesystem.  This bug impacted systems
+   such as AFS.  Fixed.
+
+ * Git segfaulted when reading an invalid .gitattributes file.  Fixed.
+
+ * post-receive-email example hook was fixed for non-fast-forward
+   updates.
+
+ * Documentation updates for supported (but previously undocumented)
+   options of "git-archive" and "git-reflog".
+
+ * "make clean" no longer deletes the configure script that ships
+   with the git tarball, making multiple architecture builds easier.
+
+ * "git-remote show origin" spewed a warning message from Perl
+   when no remote is defined for the current branch via
+   branch.<name>.remote configuration settings.
+
+ * Building with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER excessively rebuilt contents
+   of perl/ subdirectory by rewriting perl.mak.
+
+ * http.sslVerify configuration settings were not used in scripted
+   Porcelains.
+
+ * "git-add" leaked a bit of memory while scanning for files to add.
+
+ * A few workarounds to squelch false warnings from recent gcc have
+   been added.
+
+ * "git-send-pack $remote frotz" segfaulted when there is nothing
+   named 'frotz' on the local end.
+
+ * "git-rebase --interactive" did not handle its "--strategy" option
+   properly.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069a2b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.5
+--------------------
+
+ * git-cvsexportcommit handles root commits better.
+
+ * git-svn dcommit used to clobber when sending a series of
+   patches.
+
+ * git-svn dcommit failed after attempting to rebase when
+   started with a dirty index; now it stops upfront.
+
+ * git-grep sometimes refused to work when your index was
+   unmerged.
+
+ * "git-grep -A1 -B2" acted as if it was told to run "git -A1 -B21".
+
+ * git-hash-object did not honor configuration variables, such as
+   core.compression.
+
+ * git-index-pack choked on a huge pack on 32-bit machines, even when
+   large file offsets are supported.
+
+ * atom feeds from git-web said "10" for the month of November.
+
+ * a memory leak in commit walker was plugged.
+
+ * When git-send-email inserted the original author's From:
+   address in body, it did not mark the message with
+   Content-type: as needed.
+
+ * git-revert and git-cherry-pick incorrectly refused to start
+   when the work tree was dirty.
+
+ * git-clean did not honor core.excludesfile configuration.
+
+ * git-add mishandled ".gitignore" files when applying them to
+   subdirectories.
+
+ * While importing a too branchy history, git-fastimport did not
+   honor delta depth limit properly.
+
+ * Support for zlib implementations that lack ZLIB_VERNUM and definition
+   of deflateBound() has been added.
+
+ * Quite a lot of documentation clarifications.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f69061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.6
+--------------------
+
+ * git-send-email added 8-bit contents to the payload without
+   marking it as 8-bit in a CTE header.
+
+ * "git-bundle create a.bndl HEAD" dereferenced the symref and
+   did not record the ref as 'HEAD'; this prevented a bundle
+   from being used as a normal source of git-clone.
+
+ * The code to reject nonsense command line of the form
+   "git-commit -a paths..." and "git-commit --interactive
+   paths..." were broken.
+
+ * Adding a signature that is not ASCII-only to an original
+   commit that is ASCII-only would make the result non-ASCII.
+   "git-format-patch -s" did not mark such a message correctly
+   with MIME encoding header.
+
+ * git-add sometimes did not mark the resulting index entry
+   stat-clean.  This affected only cases when adding the
+   contents with the same length as the previously staged
+   contents, and the previous staging made the index entry
+   "racily clean".
+
+ * git-commit did not honor GIT_INDEX_FILE the user had in the
+   environment.
+
+ * When checking out a revision, git-checkout did not report where the
+   updated HEAD is if you happened to have a file called HEAD in the
+   work tree.
+
+ * "git-rev-list --objects" mishandled a tree that points at a
+   submodule.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" was not ready for packed refs that "git gc" can
+   produce and gave incorrect results.
+
+ * Many scripted Porcelains were confused when you happened to have a
+   file called "HEAD" in your work tree.
+
+Also it contains updates to the user manual and documentation.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e3ff58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+GIT v1.5.3.8 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3.7
+--------------------
+
+ * Some documentation used "email.com" as an example domain.
+
+ * git-svn fix to handle funky branch and project names going over
+   http/https correctly.
+
+ * git-svn fix to tone down a needlessly alarming warning message.
+
+ * git-clone did not correctly report errors while fetching over http.
+
+ * git-send-email added redundant Message-Id: header to the outgoing
+   e-mail when the patch text already had one.
+
+ * a read-beyond-end-of-buffer bug in configuration file updater was fixed.
+
+ * git-grep used to show the same hit repeatedly for unmerged paths.
+
+ * After amending the patch title in "git-am -i", the command did not
+   report the patch it applied with the updated title.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0668d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+GIT v1.5.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.5.2
+--------------------
+
+* The commit walkers other than http are officially deprecated,
+  but still supported for now.
+
+* The submodule support has Porcelain layer.
+
+  Note that the current submodule support is minimal and this is
+  deliberately so.  A design decision we made is that operations
+  at the supermodule level do not recurse into submodules by
+  default.  The expectation is that later we would add a
+  mechanism to tell git which submodules the user is interested
+  in, and this information might be used to determine the
+  recursive behaviour of certain commands (e.g. "git checkout"
+  and "git diff"), but currently we haven't agreed on what that
+  mechanism should look like.  Therefore, if you use submodules,
+  you would probably need "git submodule update" on the
+  submodules you care about after running a "git checkout" at
+  the supermodule level.
+
+* There are a handful pack-objects changes to help you cope better
+  with repositories with pathologically large blobs in them.
+
+* For people who need to import from Perforce, a front-end for
+  fast-import is in contrib/fast-import/.
+
+* Comes with git-gui 0.8.2.
+
+* Comes with updated gitk.
+
+* New commands and options.
+
+  - "git log --date=<format>" can use more formats: iso8601, rfc2822.
+
+  - The hunk header output from "git diff" family can be customized
+    with the attributes mechanism.  See gitattributes(5) for details.
+
+  - "git stash" allows you to quickly save away your work in
+    progress and replay it later on an updated state.
+
+  - "git rebase" learned an "interactive" mode that let you
+    pick and reorder which commits to rebuild.
+
+  - "git fsck" can save its findings in $GIT_DIR/lost-found, without a
+    separate invocation of "git lost-found" command.  The blobs stored by
+    lost-found are stored in plain format to allow you to grep in them.
+
+  - $GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable can be used together with
+    $GIT_DIR to work in a subdirectory of a working tree that is
+    not located at "$GIT_DIR/..".
+
+  - Giving "--file=<file>" option to "git config" is the same as
+    running the command with GIT_CONFIG=<file> environment.
+
+  - "git log" learned a new option "--follow", to follow
+    renaming history of a single file.
+
+  - "git filter-branch" lets you rewrite the revision history of
+    specified branches. You can specify a number of filters to
+    modify the commits, files and trees.
+
+  - "git cvsserver" learned new options (--base-path, --export-all,
+    --strict-paths) inspired by "git daemon".
+
+  - "git daemon --base-path-relaxed" can help migrating a repository URL
+    that did not use to use --base-path to use --base-path.
+
+  - "git commit" can use "-t templatefile" option and commit.template
+    configuration variable to prime the commit message given to you in the
+    editor.
+
+  - "git submodule" command helps you manage the projects from
+    the superproject that contain them.
+
+  - In addition to core.compression configuration option,
+    core.loosecompression and pack.compression options can
+    independently tweak zlib compression levels used for loose
+    and packed objects.
+
+  - "git ls-tree -l" shows size of blobs pointed at by the
+    tree entries, similar to "/bin/ls -l".
+
+  - "git rev-list" learned --regexp-ignore-case and
+    --extended-regexp options to tweak its matching logic used
+    for --grep filtering.
+
+  - "git describe --contains" is a handier way to call more
+    obscure command "git name-rev --tags".
+
+  - "git gc --aggressive" tells the command to spend more cycles
+    to optimize the repository harder.
+
+  - "git repack" learned a "window-memory" limit which
+    dynamically reduces the window size to stay within the
+    specified memory usage.
+
+  - "git repack" can be told to split resulting packs to avoid
+    exceeding limit specified with "--max-pack-size".
+
+  - "git fsck" gained --verbose option.  This is really really
+    verbose but it might help you identify exact commit that is
+    corrupt in your repository.
+
+  - "git format-patch" learned --numbered-files option.  This
+    may be useful for MH users.
+
+  - "git format-patch" learned format.subjectprefix configuration
+    variable, which serves the same purpose as "--subject-prefix"
+    option.
+
+  - "git tag -n -l" shows tag annotations while listing tags.
+
+  - "git cvsimport" can optionally use the separate-remote layout.
+
+  - "git blame" can be told to see through commits that change
+    whitespaces and indentation levels with "-w" option.
+
+  - "git send-email" can be told not to thread the messages when
+    sending out more than one patches.
+
+  - "git send-email" can also be told how to find whom to cc the
+    message to for each message via --cc-cmd.
+
+  - "git config" learned NUL terminated output format via -z to
+    help scripts.
+
+  - "git add" learned "--refresh <paths>..." option to selectively refresh
+    the cached stat information.
+
+  - "git init -q" makes the command quieter.
+
+  - "git -p command" now has a cousin of opposite sex, "git --no-pager
+    command".
+
+* Updated behavior of existing commands.
+
+  - "gitweb" can offer multiple snapshot formats.
+
+    ***NOTE*** Unfortunately, this changes the format of the
+    $feature{snapshot}{default} entry in the per-site
+    configuration file 'gitweb_config.perl'.  It used to be a
+    three-element tuple that describe a single format; with the
+    new configuration item format, you only have to say the name
+    of the format ('tgz', 'tbz2' or 'zip').  Please update the
+    your configuration file accordingly.
+
+  - "git clone" uses -l (hardlink files under .git) by default when
+    cloning locally.
+
+  - URL used for "git clone" and friends can specify nonstandard SSH port
+    by using ssh://host:port/path/to/repo syntax.
+
+  - "git bundle create" can now create a bundle without negative refs,
+    i.e. "everything since the beginning up to certain points".
+
+  - "git diff" (but not the plumbing level "git diff-tree") now
+    recursively descends into trees by default.
+
+  - "git diff" does not show differences that come only from
+    stat-dirtiness in the form of "diff --git" header anymore.
+    It runs "update-index --refresh" silently as needed.
+
+  - "git tag -l" used to match tags by globbing its parameter as if it
+    has wildcard '*' on both ends, which made "git tag -l gui" to match
+    tag 'gitgui-0.7.0'; this was very annoying.  You now have to add
+    asterisk on the sides you want to wildcard yourself.
+
+  - The editor to use with many interactive commands can be
+    overridden with GIT_EDITOR environment variable, or if it
+    does not exist, with core.editor configuration variable.  As
+    before, if you have neither, environment variables VISUAL
+    and EDITOR are consulted in this order, and then finally we
+    fall back on "vi".
+
+  - "git rm --cached" does not complain when removing a newly
+    added file from the index anymore.
+
+  - Options to "git log" to affect how --grep/--author options look for
+    given strings now have shorter abbreviations.  -i is for ignore case,
+    and -E is for extended regexp.
+
+  - "git log" learned --log-size to show the number of bytes in
+    the log message part of the output to help qgit.
+
+  - "git log --name-status" does not require you to give "-r" anymore.
+    As a general rule, Porcelain commands should recurse when showing
+    diff.
+
+  - "git format-patch --root A" can be used to format everything
+    since the beginning up to A.  This was supported with
+    "git format-patch --root A A" for a long time, but was not
+    properly documented.
+
+  - "git svn dcommit" retains local merge information.
+
+  - "git svnimport" allows an empty string to be specified as the
+    trunk/ directory.  This is necessary to suck data from a SVN
+    repository that doe not have trunk/ branches/ and tags/ organization
+    at all.
+
+  - "git config" to set values also honors type flags like --bool
+    and --int.
+
+  - core.quotepath configuration can be used to make textual git
+    output to emit most of the characters in the path literally.
+
+  - "git mergetool" chooses its backend more wisely, taking
+    notice of its environment such as use of X, Gnome/KDE, etc.
+
+  - "gitweb" shows merge commits a lot nicer than before.  The
+    default view uses more compact --cc format, while the UI
+    allows to choose normal diff with any parent.
+
+  - snapshot files "gitweb" creates from a repository at
+    $path/$project/.git are more useful.  We use $project part
+    in the filename, which we used to discard.
+
+  - "git cvsimport" creates lightweight tags; there is no
+    interesting information we can record in an annotated tag,
+    and the handcrafted ones the old code created was not
+    properly formed anyway.
+
+  - "git push" pretends that you immediately fetched back from
+    the remote by updating corresponding remote tracking
+    branches if you have any.
+
+  - The diffstat given after a merge (or a pull) honors the
+    color.diff configuration.
+
+  - "git commit --amend" is now compatible with various message source
+    options such as -m/-C/-c/-F.
+
+  - "git apply --whitespace=strip" removes blank lines added at
+    the end of the file.
+
+  - "git fetch" over git native protocols with "-v" option shows
+    connection status, and the IP address of the other end, to
+    help diagnosing problems.
+
+  - We used to have core.legacyheaders configuration, when
+    set to false, allowed git to write loose objects in a format
+    that mimics the format used by objects stored in packs.  It
+    turns out that this was not so useful.  Although we will
+    continue to read objects written in that format, we do not
+    honor that configuration anymore and create loose objects in
+    the legacy/traditional format.
+
+  - "--find-copies-harder" option to diff family can now be
+    spelled as "-C -C" for brevity.
+
+  - "git mailsplit" (hence "git am") can read from Maildir
+    formatted mailboxes.
+
+  - "git cvsserver" does not barf upon seeing "cvs login"
+    request.
+
+  - "pack-objects" honors "delta" attribute set in
+    .gitattributes.  It does not attempt to deltify blobs that
+    come from paths with delta attribute set to false.
+
+  - "new-workdir" script (in contrib) can now be used with a
+    bare repository.
+
+  - "git mergetool" learned to use gvimdiff.
+
+  - "gitview" (in contrib) has a better blame interface.
+
+  - "git log" and friends did not handle a commit log message
+    that is larger than 16kB; they do now.
+
+  - "--pretty=oneline" output format for "git log" and friends
+    deals with "malformed" commit log messages that have more
+    than one lines in the first paragraph better.  We used to
+    show the first line, cutting the title at mid-sentence; we
+    concatenate them into a single line and treat the result as
+    "oneline".
+
+  - "git p4import" has been demoted to contrib status.  For
+    a superior option, checkout the "git p4" front end to
+    "git fast-import" (also in contrib).  The man page and p4
+    rpm have been removed as well.
+
+  - "git mailinfo" (hence "am") now tries to see if the message
+    is in utf-8 first, instead of assuming iso-8859-1, if
+    incoming e-mail does not say what encoding it is in.
+
+* Builds
+
+  - old-style function definitions (most notably, a function
+    without parameter defined with "func()", not "func(void)")
+    have been eradicated.
+
+  - "git tag" and "git verify-tag" have been rewritten in C.
+
+* Performance Tweaks
+
+  - "git pack-objects" avoids re-deltification cost by caching
+    small enough delta results it creates while looking for the
+    best delta candidates.
+
+  - "git pack-objects" learned a new heuristic to prefer delta
+    that is shallower in depth over the smallest delta
+    possible.  This improves both overall packfile access
+    performance and packfile density.
+
+  - diff-delta code that is used for packing has been improved
+    to work better on big files.
+
+  - when there are more than one pack files in the repository,
+    the runtime used to try finding an object always from the
+    newest packfile; it now tries the same packfile as we found
+    the object requested the last time, which exploits the
+    locality of references.
+
+  - verifying pack contents done by "git fsck --full" got boost
+    by carefully choosing the order to verify objects in them.
+
+  - "git read-tree -m" to read into an already populated index
+    has been optimized vastly.  The effect of this can be seen
+    when switching branches that have differences in only a
+    handful paths.
+
+  - "git add paths..." and "git commit paths..." has also been
+    heavily optimized.
+
+Fixes since v1.5.2
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.5.2 maintenance series are included in
+this release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+* Bugfixes
+
+  - "gitweb" had trouble handling non UTF-8 text with older
+    Encode.pm Perl module.
+
+  - "git svn" misparsed the data from the commits in the repository when
+    the user had "color.diff = true" in the configuration.  This has been
+    fixed.
+
+  - There was a case where "git svn dcommit" clobbered changes made on the
+    SVN side while committing multiple changes.
+
+  - "git-write-tree" had a bad interaction with racy-git avoidance and
+    gitattributes mechanisms.
+
+  - "git --bare command" overrode existing GIT_DIR setting and always
+    made it treat the current working directory as GIT_DIR.
+
+  - "git ls-files --error-unmatch" does not complain if you give the
+    same path pattern twice by mistake.
+
+  - "git init" autodetected core.filemode but not core.symlinks, which
+    made a new directory created automatically by "git clone" cumbersome
+    to use on filesystems that require these configurations to be set.
+
+  - "git log" family of commands behaved differently when run as "git
+    log" (no pathspec) and as "git log --" (again, no pathspec).  This
+    inconsistency was introduced somewhere in v1.3.0 series but now has
+    been corrected.
+
+  - "git rebase -m" incorrectly displayed commits that were skipped.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4e44b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4
+------------------
+
+ * "git-commit -C $tag" used to work but rewrite in C done in
+   1.5.4 broke it.
+
+ * An entry in the .gitattributes file that names a pattern in a
+   subdirectory of the directory it is in did not match
+   correctly (e.g. pattern "b/*.c" in "a/.gitattributes" should
+   match "a/b/foo.c" but it didn't).
+
+ * Customized color specification was parsed incorrectly when
+   numeric color values are used.  This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21d0df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4
+------------------
+
+ * The configuration parser was not prepared to see string
+   valued variables misspelled as boolean and segfaulted.
+
+ * Temporary files left behind due to interrupted object
+   transfers were not cleaned up with "git prune".
+
+ * "git config --unset" was confused when the unset variables
+   were spelled with continuation lines in the config file.
+
+ * The merge message detection in "git cvsimport" did not catch
+   a message that began with "Merge...".
+
+ * "git status" suggests "git rm --cached" for unstaging the
+   earlier "git add" before the initial commit.
+
+ * "git status" output was incorrect during a partial commit.
+
+ * "git bisect" refused to start when the HEAD was detached.
+
+ * "git bisect" allowed a wildcard character in the commit
+   message expanded while writing its log file.
+
+ * Manual pages were not formatted correctly with docbook xsl
+   1.72; added a workaround.
+
+ * "git-commit -C $tag" used to work but rewrite in C done in
+   1.5.4 broke it.  This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
+
+ * An entry in the .gitattributes file that names a pattern in a
+   subdirectory of the directory it is in did not match
+   correctly (e.g. pattern "b/*.c" in "a/.gitattributes" should
+   match "a/b/foo.c" but it didn't).  This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
+
+ * Customized color specification was parsed incorrectly when
+   numeric color values are used.  This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
+
+ * http transport misbehaved when linked with curl-gnutls.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0fc67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4.2
+--------------------
+
+ * RPM spec used to pull in everything with 'git'.  This has been
+   changed so that 'git' package contains just the core parts,
+   and we now supply 'git-all' metapackage to slurp in everything.
+   This should match end user's expectation better.
+
+ * When some refs failed to update, git-push reported "failure"
+   which was unclear if some other refs were updated or all of
+   them failed atomically (the answer is the former).  Reworded
+   the message to clarify this.
+
+ * "git clone" from a repository whose HEAD was misconfigured
+   did not set up the remote properly.  Now it tries to do
+   better.
+
+ * Updated git-push documentation to clarify what "matching"
+   means, in order to reduce user confusion.
+
+ * Updated git-add documentation to clarify "add -u" operates in
+   the current subdirectory you are in, just like other commands.
+
+ * git-gui updates to work on OSX and Windows better.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..323c1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4.3
+--------------------
+
+ * Building and installing with an overtight umask such as 077 made
+   installed templates unreadable by others, while the rest of the install
+   are done in a way that is friendly to umask 022.
+
+ * "git cvsexportcommit -w $cvsdir" misbehaved when GIT_DIR is set to a
+   relative directory.
+
+ * "git http-push" had an invalid memory access that could lead it to
+   segfault.
+
+ * When "git rebase -i" gave control back to the user for a commit that is
+   marked to be edited, it just said "modify it with commit --amend",
+   without saying what to do to continue after modifying it.  Give an
+   explicit instruction to run "rebase --continue" to be more helpful.
+
+ * "git send-email" in 1.5.4.3 issued a bogus empty In-Reply-To: header.
+
+ * "git bisect" showed mysterious "won't bisect on seeked tree" error message.
+   This was leftover from Cogito days to prevent "bisect" starting from a
+   cg-seeked state.  We still keep the Cogito safety, but running "git bisect
+   start" when another bisect was in effect will clean up and start over.
+
+ * "git push" with an explicit PATH to receive-pack did not quite work if
+   receive-pack was not on usual PATH.  We earlier fixed the same issue
+   with "git fetch" and upload-pack, but somehow forgot to do so in the
+   other direction.
+
+ * git-gui's info dialog was not displayed correctly when the user tries
+   to commit nothing (i.e. without staging anything).
+
+ * "git revert" did not properly fail when attempting to run with a
+   dirty index.
+
+ * "git merge --no-commit --no-ff <other>" incorrectly made commits.
+
+ * "git merge --squash --no-ff <other>", which is a nonsense combination
+   of options, was not rejected.
+
+ * "git ls-remote" and "git remote show" against an empty repository
+   failed, instead of just giving an empty result (regression).
+
+ * "git fast-import" did not handle a renamed path whose name needs to be
+   quoted, due to a bug in unquote_c_style() function.
+
+ * "git cvsexportcommit" was confused when multiple files with the same
+   basename needed to be pushed out in the same commit.
+
+ * "git daemon" did not send early errors to syslog.
+
+ * "git log --merge" did not work well with --left-right option.
+
+ * "git svn" prompted for client cert password every time it accessed the
+   server.
+
+ * The reset command in "git fast-import" data stream was documented to
+   end with an optional LF, but it actually required one.
+
+ * "git svn dcommit/rebase" did not honor --rewrite-root option.
+
+Also included are a handful documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbd130e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4.4
+--------------------
+
+ * "git fetch there" when the URL information came from the Cogito style
+   branches/there file did not update refs/heads/there (regression in
+   1.5.4).
+
+ * Bogus refspec configuration such as "remote.there.fetch = =" were not
+   detected as errors (regression in 1.5.4).
+
+ * You couldn't specify a custom editor whose path contains a whitespace
+   via GIT_EDITOR (and core.editor).
+
+ * The subdirectory filter to "git filter-branch" mishandled a history
+   where the subdirectory becomes empty and then later becomes non-empty.
+
+ * "git shortlog" gave an empty line if the original commit message was
+   malformed (e.g. a botched import from foreign SCM).  Now it finds the
+   first non-empty line and uses it for better information.
+
+ * When the user fails to give a revision parameter to "git svn", an error
+   from the Perl interpreter was issued because the script lacked proper
+   error checking.
+
+ * After "git rebase" stopped due to conflicts, if the user played with
+   "git reset" and friends, "git rebase --abort" failed to go back to the
+   correct commit.
+
+ * Additional work trees prepared with git-new-workdir (in contrib/) did
+   not share git-svn metadata directory .git/svn with the original.
+
+ * "git-merge-recursive" did not mark addition of the same path with
+   different filemodes correctly as a conflict.
+
+ * "gitweb" gave malformed URL when pathinfo stype paths are in use.
+
+ * "-n" stands for "--no-tags" again for "git fetch".
+
+ * "git format-patch" did not detect the need to add 8-bit MIME header
+   when the user used format.header configuration.
+
+ * "rev~" revision specifier used to mean "rev", which was inconsistent
+   with how "rev^" worked.  Now "rev~" is the same as "rev~1" (hence it
+   also is the same as "rev^1"), and "rev~0" is the same as "rev^0"
+   (i.e. it has to be a commit).
+
+ * "git quiltimport" did not grok empty lines, lines in "file -pNNN"
+   format to specify the prefix levels and lines with trailing comments.
+
+ * "git rebase -m" triggered pre-commit verification, which made
+   "rebase --continue" impossible.
+
+As usual, it also comes with many documentation fixes and clarifications.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e3c3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+I personally do not think there is any reason anybody should want to
+run v1.5.4.X series these days, because 'master' version is always
+more stable than any tagged released version of git.
+
+This is primarily to futureproof "git-shell" to accept requests
+without a dash between "git" and subcommand name (e.g. "git
+upload-pack") which the newer client will start to make sometime in
+the future.
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4.5
+--------------------
+
+ * Command line option "-n" to "git-repack" was not correctly parsed.
+
+ * Error messages from "git-apply" when the patchfile cannot be opened
+   have been improved.
+
+ * Error messages from "git-bisect" when given nonsense revisions have
+   been improved.
+
+ * reflog syntax that uses time e.g. "HEAD@{10 seconds ago}:path" did not
+   stop parsing at the closing "}".
+
+ * "git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name ^master^2" printed solitary "^",
+   but it should print nothing.
+
+ * "git apply" did not enforce "match at the beginning" correctly.
+
+ * a path specification "a/b" in .gitattributes file should not match
+   "sub/a/b", but it did.
+
+ * "git log --date-order --topo-order" did not override the earlier
+   date-order with topo-order as expected.
+
+ * "git fast-export" did not export octopus merges correctly.
+
+ * "git archive --prefix=$path/" mishandled gitattributes.
+
+As usual, it also comes with many documentation fixes and clarifications.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9065a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+GIT v1.5.4.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since 1.5.4.7
+-------------------
+
+ * Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
+   implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
+   which would have run an external diff command specified in the
+   repository configuration as the gitweb user.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1323b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+GIT v1.5.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Removal
+-------
+
+ * "git svnimport" was removed in favor of "git svn".  It is still there
+   in the source tree (contrib/examples) but unsupported.
+
+ * As git-commit and git-status have been rewritten, "git runstatus"
+   helper script lost all its users and has been removed.
+
+
+Temporarily disabled
+--------------------
+
+ * "git http-push" is known not to work well with cURL library older
+   than 7.16, and we had reports of repository corruption.  It is
+   disabled on such platforms for now.  Unfortunately, 1.5.3.8 shares
+   the same issue.  In other words, this does not mean you will be
+   fine if you stick to an older git release.  For now, please do not
+   use http-push from older git with cURL older than 7.16 if you
+   value your data. A proper fix will hopefully materialize in
+   later versions.
+
+
+Deprecation notices
+-------------------
+
+ * From v1.6.0, git will by default install dashed form of commands
+   (e.g. "git-commit") outside of users' normal $PATH, and will install
+   only selected commands ("git" itself, and "gitk") in $PATH.  This
+   implies:
+
+   - Using dashed forms of git commands (e.g. "git-commit") from the
+     command line has been informally deprecated since early 2006, but
+     now it officially is, and will be removed in the future.  Use
+     dash-less forms (e.g. "git commit") instead.
+
+   - Using dashed forms from your scripts, without first prepending the
+     return value from "git --exec-path" to the scripts' PATH, has been
+     informally deprecated since early 2006, but now it officially is.
+
+   - Use of dashed forms with "PATH=$(git --exec-path):$PATH; export
+     PATH" early in your script is not deprecated with this change.
+
+   Users are strongly encouraged to adjust their habits and scripts now
+   to prepare for this change.
+
+ * The post-receive hook was introduced in March 2007 to supersede
+   the post-update hook, primarily to overcome the command line length
+   limitation of the latter.  Use of post-update hook will be deprecated
+   in future versions of git, starting from v1.6.0.
+
+ * "git lost-found" was deprecated in favor of "git fsck"'s --lost-found
+   option, and will be removed in the future.
+
+ * "git peek-remote" is deprecated, as "git ls-remote" was written in C
+   and works for all transports; "git peek-remote" will be removed in
+   the future.
+
+ * "git repo-config" which was an old name for "git config" command
+   has been supported without being advertised for a long time.  The
+   next feature release will remove it.
+
+ * From v1.6.0, the repack.usedeltabaseoffset config option will default
+   to true, which will give denser packfiles (i.e. more efficient storage).
+   The downside is that git older than version 1.4.4 will not be able
+   to directly use a repository packed using this setting.
+
+ * From v1.6.0, the pack.indexversion config option will default to 2,
+   which is slightly more efficient, and makes repacking more immune to
+   data corruptions.  Git older than version 1.5.2 may revert to version 1
+   of the pack index with a manual "git index-pack" to be able to directly
+   access corresponding pack files.
+
+
+Updates since v1.5.3
+--------------------
+
+ * Comes with much improved gitk, with i18n.
+
+ * Comes with git-gui 0.9.2 with i18n.
+
+ * gitk is now merged as a subdirectory of git.git project, in
+   preparation for its i18n.
+
+ * progress displays from many commands are a lot nicer to the eye.
+   Transfer commands show throughput data.
+
+ * many commands that pay attention to per-directory .gitignore now do
+   so lazily, which makes the usual case go much faster.
+
+ * Output processing for '--pretty=format:<user format>' has been
+   optimized.
+
+ * Rename detection of diff family while detecting exact matches has
+   been greatly optimized.
+
+ * Rename detection of diff family tries to make more natural looking
+   pairing.  Earlier, if multiple identical rename sources were
+   found in the preimage, the source used was picked pretty much at random.
+
+ * Value "true" for color.diff and color.status configuration used to
+   mean "always" (even when the output is not going to a terminal).
+   This has been corrected to mean the same thing as "auto".
+
+ * "git diff" Porcelain now respects diff.external configuration, which
+   is another way to specify GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF.
+
+ * "git diff" can be told to use different prefixes other than
+   "a/" and "b/" e.g. "git diff --src-prefix=l/ --dst-prefix=k/".
+
+ * "git diff" sometimes did not quote paths with funny
+   characters properly.
+
+ * "git log" (and any revision traversal commands) misbehaved
+   when --diff-filter is given but was not asked to actually
+   produce diff.
+
+ * HTTP proxy can be specified per remote repository using
+   remote.*.httpproxy configuration, or global http.proxy configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * Various Perforce importer updates.
+
+ * Example update and post-receive hooks have been improved.
+
+ * Any command that wants to take a commit object name can now use
+   ":/string" syntax to name a commit.
+
+ * "git reset" is now built-in and its output can be squelched with -q.
+
+ * "git reset --hard" does not make any sense in a bare
+   repository, but did not error out; fixed.
+
+ * "git send-email" can optionally talk over ssmtp and use SMTP-AUTH.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned --whitespace option.
+
+ * In "git rebase", when you decide not to replay a particular change
+   after the command stopped with a conflict, you can say "git rebase
+   --skip" without first running "git reset --hard", as the command now
+   runs it for you.
+
+ * "git rebase --interactive" mode can now work on detached HEAD.
+
+ * Other minor to serious bugs in "git rebase -i" have been fixed.
+
+ * "git rebase" now detaches head during its operation, so after a
+   successful "git rebase" operation, the reflog entry branch@{1} for
+   the current branch points at the commit before the rebase was
+   started.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" also triggers rerere to help your repeated merges.
+
+ * "git merge" can call the "post-merge" hook.
+
+ * "git pack-objects" can optionally run deltification with multiple
+   threads.
+
+ * "git archive" can optionally substitute keywords in files marked with
+   export-subst attribute.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" made a misguided attempt to repeat the original
+   command line in the generated log message, when told to cherry-pick a
+   commit by naming a tag that points at it.  It does not anymore.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" learned %(xxxdate:<date-format>) syntax to show the
+   various date fields in different formats.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" is a low-impact way to automatically run a variant of
+   "git repack" that does not lose unreferenced objects (read: safer
+   than the usual one) after the user accumulates too many loose
+   objects.
+
+ * "git clean" has been rewritten in C.
+
+ * You need to explicitly set clean.requireForce to "false" to allow
+   "git clean" without -f to do any damage (lack of the configuration
+   variable used to mean "do not require -f option to lose untracked
+   files", but we now use the safer default).
+
+ * The kinds of whitespace errors "git diff" and "git apply" notice (and
+   fix) can be controlled via 'core.whitespace' configuration variable
+   and 'whitespace' attribute in .gitattributes file.
+
+ * "git push" learned --dry-run option to show what would happen if a
+   push is run.
+
+ * "git push" does not update a tracking ref on the local side when the
+   remote refused to update the corresponding ref.
+
+ * "git push" learned --mirror option.  This is to push the local refs
+   one-to-one to the remote, and deletes refs from the remote that do
+   not exist anymore in the repository on the pushing side.
+
+ * "git push" can remove a corrupt ref at the remote site with the usual
+   ":ref" refspec.
+
+ * "git remote" knows --mirror mode.  This is to set up configuration to
+   push into a remote repository to store local branch heads to the same
+   branch on the remote side, and remove branch heads locally removed
+   from local repository at the same time.  Suitable for pushing into a
+   back-up repository.
+
+ * "git remote" learned "rm" subcommand.
+
+ * "git cvsserver" can be run via "git shell".  Also, "cvs" is
+   recognized as a synonym for "git cvsserver", so that CVS users
+   can be switched to git just by changing their login shell.
+
+ * "git cvsserver" acts more like receive-pack by running post-receive
+   and post-update hooks.
+
+ * "git am" and "git rebase" are far less verbose.
+
+ * "git pull" learned to pass --[no-]ff option to underlying "git
+   merge".
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" is a different way to integrate what you fetched
+   into your current branch.
+
+ * "git fast-export" produces data-stream that can be fed to fast-import
+   to reproduce the history recorded in a git repository.
+
+ * "git add -i" takes pathspecs to limit the set of files to work on.
+
+ * "git add -p" is a short-hand to go directly to the selective patch
+   subcommand in the interactive command loop and to exit when done.
+
+ * "git add -i" UI has been colorized.  The interactive prompt
+   and menu can be colored by setting color.interactive
+   configuration.  The diff output (including the hunk picker)
+   are colored with color.diff configuration.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty" allows you to create a single-parent
+   commit that records the same tree as its parent, overriding the usual
+   safety valve.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" can amend a merge that does not change the tree
+   from its first parent.
+
+ * "git commit" used to unconditionally strip comment lines that
+   began with '#' and removed excess blank lines.  This behavior has
+   been made configurable.
+
+ * "git commit" has been rewritten in C.
+
+ * "git stash random-text" does not create a new stash anymore.  It was
+   a UI mistake.  Use "git stash save random-text", or "git stash"
+   (without extra args) for that.
+
+ * "git stash clear extra-text" does not clear the whole stash
+   anymore.  It is tempting to expect "git stash clear stash@{2}"
+   to drop only a single named stash entry, and it is rude to
+   discard everything when that is asked (but not provided).
+
+ * "git prune --expire <time>" can exempt young loose objects from
+   getting pruned.
+
+ * "git branch --contains <commit>" can list branches that are
+   descendants of a given commit.
+
+ * "git log" learned --early-output option to help interactive GUI
+   implementations.
+
+ * "git bisect" learned "skip" action to mark untestable commits.
+
+ * "git bisect visualize" learned a shorter synonym "git bisect view".
+
+ * "git bisect visualize" runs "git log" in a non-windowed
+   environments.  It also can be told what command to run (e.g. "git
+   bisect visualize tig").
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "format.numbered" configuration variable
+   to automatically turn --numbered option on when more than one commits
+   are formatted.
+
+ * "git ls-files" learned "--exclude-standard" to use the canned set of
+   exclude files.
+
+ * "git tag -a -f existing" begins the editor session using the existing
+   annotation message.
+
+ * "git tag -m one -m bar" (multiple -m options) behaves similarly to
+   "git commit"; the parameters to -m options are formatted as separate
+   paragraphs.
+
+ * The format "git show" outputs an annotated tag has been updated to
+   include "Tagger: " and "Date: " lines from the tag itself.  Strictly
+   speaking this is a backward incompatible change, but this is a
+   reasonable usability fix and people's scripts shouldn't have been
+   relying on the exact output from "git show" Porcelain anyway.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" did not notice errors from underlying "cvsps"
+   and produced a corrupt import silently.
+
+ * "git cvsexportcommit" learned -w option to specify and switch to the
+   CVS working directory.
+
+ * "git checkout" from a subdirectory learned to use "../path" to allow
+   checking out a path outside the current directory without cd'ing up.
+
+ * "git checkout" from and to detached HEAD leaves a bit more
+   information in the reflog.
+
+ * "git send-email --dry-run" shows full headers for easier diagnosis.
+
+ * "git merge-ours" is now built-in.
+
+ * "git svn" learned "info" and "show-externals" subcommands.
+
+ * "git svn" run from a subdirectory failed to read settings from the
+   .git/config.
+
+ * "git svn" learned --use-log-author option, which picks up more
+   descriptive name from From: and Signed-off-by: lines in the commit
+   message.
+
+ * "git svn" wasted way too much disk to record revision mappings
+   between svn and git; a new representation that is much more compact
+   for this information has been introduced to correct this.
+
+ * "git svn" left temporary index files it used without cleaning them
+   up; this was corrected.
+
+ * "git status" from a subdirectory now shows relative paths, which
+   makes copy-and-pasting for git-checkout/git-add/git-rm easier.  The
+   traditional behavior to show the full path relative to the top of
+   the work tree can be had by setting status.relativepaths
+   configuration variable to false.
+
+ * "git blame" kept text for each annotated revision in core needlessly;
+   this has been corrected.
+
+ * "git shortlog" learned to default to HEAD when the standard input is
+   a terminal and the user did not give any revision parameter.
+
+ * "git shortlog" learned "-e" option to show e-mail addresses as well as
+   authors' names.
+
+ * "git help" learned "-w" option to show documentation in browsers.
+
+ * In addition there are quite a few internal clean-ups. Notably:
+
+   - many fork/exec have been replaced with run-command API,
+     brought from the msysgit effort.
+
+   - introduction and more use of the option parser API.
+
+   - enhancement and more use of the strbuf API.
+
+ * Makefile tweaks to support HP-UX is in.
+
+Fixes since v1.5.3
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.5.3 maintenance series are included in
+this release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+These fixes are only in v1.5.4 and not backported to v1.5.3 maintenance
+series.
+
+ * The way "git diff --check" behaves is much more consistent with the way
+   "git apply --whitespace=warn" works.
+
+ * "git svn" talking with the SVN over HTTP will correctly quote branch
+   and project names.
+
+ * "git config" did not work correctly on platforms that define
+   REG_NOMATCH to an even number.
+
+ * Recent versions of AsciiDoc 8 has a change to break our
+   documentation; a workaround has been implemented.
+
+ * "git diff --color-words" colored context lines in a wrong color.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7de4197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+GIT v1.5.5.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.5
+------------------
+
+ * "git archive --prefix=$path/" mishandled gitattributes.
+
+ * "git fetch -v" that fetches into FETCH_HEAD did not report the summary
+   the same way as done for updating the tracking refs.
+
+ * "git svn" misbehaved when the configuration file customized the "git
+   log" output format using format.pretty.
+
+ * "git submodule status" leaked an unnecessary error message.
+
+ * "git log --date-order --topo-order" did not override the earlier
+   date-order with topo-order as expected.
+
+ * "git bisect good $this" did not check the validity of the revision
+   given properly.
+
+ * "url.<there>.insteadOf" did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git clean" ran inside subdirectory behaved as if the directory was
+   explicitly specified for removal by the end user from the top level.
+
+ * "git bisect" from a detached head leaked an unnecessary error message.
+
+ * "git bisect good $a $b" when $a is Ok but $b is bogus should have
+   atomically failed before marking $a as good.
+
+ * "git fmt-merge-msg" did not clean up leading empty lines from commit
+   log messages like "git log" family does.
+
+ * "git am" recorded a commit with empty Subject: line without
+   complaining.
+
+ * when given a commit log message whose first paragraph consists of
+   multiple lines, "git rebase" squashed it into a single line.
+
+ * "git remote add $bogus_name $url" did not complain properly.
+
+Also comes with various documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..391a7b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+GIT v1.5.5.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.5.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git repack -n" was mistakenly made no-op earlier.
+
+ * "git imap-send" wanted to always have imap.host even when use of
+   imap.tunnel made it unnecessary.
+
+ * reflog syntax that uses time e.g. "HEAD@{10 seconds ago}:path" did not
+   stop parsing at the closing "}".
+
+ * "git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name ^master^2" printed solitary "^",
+   but it should print nothing.
+
+ * "git commit" did not detect when it failed to write tree objects.
+
+ * "git fetch" sometimes transferred too many objects unnecessarily.
+
+ * a path specification "a/b" in .gitattributes file should not match
+   "sub/a/b".
+
+ * various gitweb fixes.
+
+Also comes with various documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f22f98b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+GIT v1.5.5.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.5.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git send-email --compose" did not notice that non-ascii contents
+   needed some MIME magic.
+
+ * "git fast-export" did not export octopus merges correctly.
+
+Also comes with various documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d0279e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+GIT v1.5.5.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.5.4
+--------------------
+
+ * "git name-rev --all" used to segfault.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30fa361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+GIT v1.5.5.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+I personally do not think there is any reason anybody should want to
+run v1.5.5.X series these days, because 'master' version is always
+more stable than any tagged released version of git.
+
+This is primarily to futureproof "git-shell" to accept requests
+without a dash between "git" and subcommand name (e.g. "git
+upload-pack") which the newer client will start to make sometime in
+the future.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5e85cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+GIT v1.5.5.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since 1.5.5.5
+-------------------
+
+ * Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
+   implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
+   which would have run an external diff command specified in the
+   repository configuration as the gitweb user.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2932212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+GIT v1.5.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.5.4
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+ * Comes with git-gui 0.10.1
+
+(portability)
+
+ * We shouldn't ask for BSD group ownership semantics by setting g+s bit
+   on directories on older BSD systems that refuses chmod() by non root
+   users.  BSD semantics is the default there anyway.
+
+ * Bunch of portability improvement patches coming from an effort to port
+   to Solaris has been applied.
+
+(performance)
+
+ * On platforms with suboptimal qsort(3) implementation, there
+   is an option to use more reasonable substitute we ship with
+   our software.
+
+ * New configuration variable "pack.packsizelimit" can be used
+   in place of command line option --max-pack-size.
+
+ * "git fetch" over the native git protocol used to make a
+   connection to find out the set of current remote refs and
+   another to actually download the pack data.  We now use only
+   one connection for these tasks.
+
+ * "git commit" does not run lstat(2) more than necessary
+   anymore.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib) are aware of more commands and
+   options.
+
+ * You can be warned when core.autocrlf conversion is applied in
+   such a way that results in an irreversible conversion.
+
+ * A catch-all "color.ui" configuration variable can be used to
+   enable coloring of all color-capable commands, instead of
+   individual ones such as "color.status" and "color.branch".
+
+ * The commands refused to take absolute pathnames where they
+   require pathnames relative to the work tree or the current
+   subdirectory.  They now can take absolute pathnames in such a
+   case as long as the pathnames do not refer outside of the
+   work tree.  E.g. "git add $(pwd)/foo" now works.
+
+ * Error messages used to be sent to stderr, only to get hidden,
+   when $PAGER was in use.  They now are sent to stdout along
+   with the command output to be shown in the $PAGER.
+
+ * A pattern "foo/" in .gitignore file now matches a directory
+   "foo".  Pattern "foo" also matches as before.
+
+ * bash completion's prompt helper function can talk about
+   operation in-progress (e.g. merge, rebase, etc.).
+
+ * Configuration variables "url.<usethis>.insteadof = <otherurl>" can be
+   used to tell "git-fetch" and "git-push" to use different URL than what
+   is given from the command line.
+
+ * "git add -i" behaves better even before you make an initial commit.
+
+ * "git am" refused to run from a subdirectory without a good reason.
+
+ * After "git apply --whitespace=fix" fixes whitespace errors in a patch,
+   a line before the fix can appear as a context or preimage line in a
+   later patch, causing the patch not to apply.  The command now knows to
+   see through whitespace fixes done to context lines to successfully
+   apply such a patch series.
+
+ * "git branch" (and "git checkout -b") to branch from a local branch can
+   optionally set "branch.<name>.merge" to mark the new branch to build on
+   the other local branch, when "branch.autosetupmerge" is set to
+   "always", or when passing the command line option "--track" (this option
+   was ignored when branching from local branches).  By default, this does
+   not happen when branching from a local branch.
+
+ * "git checkout" to switch to a branch that has "branch.<name>.merge" set
+   (i.e. marked to build on another branch) reports how much the branch
+   and the other branch diverged.
+
+ * When "git checkout" has to update a lot of paths, it used to be silent
+   for 4 seconds before it showed any progress report.  It is now a bit
+   more impatient and starts showing progress report early.
+
+ * "git commit" learned a new hook "prepare-commit-msg" that can
+   inspect what is going to be committed and prepare the commit
+   log message template to be edited.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" can now take more than one -M options.
+
+ * "git describe" learned to limit the tags to be used for
+   naming with --match option.
+
+ * "git describe --contains" now barfs when the named commit
+   cannot be described.
+
+ * "git describe --exact-match" describes only commits that are tagged.
+
+ * "git describe --long" describes a tagged commit as $tag-0-$sha1,
+   instead of just showing the exact tagname.
+
+ * "git describe" warns when using a tag whose name and path contradict
+   with each other.
+
+ * "git diff" learned "--relative" option to limit and output paths
+   relative to the current directory when working in a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git diff" learned "--dirstat" option to show birds-eye-summary of
+   changes more concisely than "--diffstat".
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned --cover-letter option to generate a cover
+   letter template.
+
+ * "git gc" learned --quiet option.
+
+ * "git gc" now automatically prunes unreachable objects that are two
+   weeks old or older.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" can be disabled more easily by just setting gc.auto
+   to zero.  It also tolerates more packfiles by default.
+
+ * "git grep" now knows "--name-only" is a synonym for the "-l" option.
+
+ * "git help <alias>" now reports "'git <alias>' is alias to <what>",
+   instead of saying "No manual entry for git-<alias>".
+
+ * "git help" can use different backends to show manual pages and this can
+   be configured using "man.viewer" configuration.
+
+ * "gitk" does not restore window position from $HOME/.gitk anymore (it
+   still restores the size).
+
+ * "git log --grep=<what>" learned "--fixed-strings" option to look for
+   <what> without treating it as a regular expression.
+
+ * "git gui" learned an auto-spell checking.
+
+ * "git push <somewhere> HEAD" and "git push <somewhere> +HEAD" works as
+   expected; they push the current branch (and only the current branch).
+   In addition, HEAD can be written as the value of "remote.<there>.push"
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * When the configuration variable "pack.threads" is set to 0, "git
+   repack" auto detects the number of CPUs and uses that many threads.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned to prompt for passwords
+   interactively.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned an easier way to suppress CC
+   recipients.
+
+ * "git stash" learned "pop" command, that applies the latest stash and
+   removes it from the stash, and "drop" command to discard the named
+   stash entry.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned a new subcommand "summary" to show the
+   symmetric difference between the HEAD version and the work tree version
+   of the submodule commits.
+
+ * Various "git cvsimport", "git cvsexportcommit", "git cvsserver",
+   "git svn" and "git p4" improvements.
+
+(internal)
+
+ * Duplicated code between git-help and git-instaweb that
+   launches user's preferred browser has been refactored.
+
+ * It is now easier to write test scripts that records known
+   breakages.
+
+ * "git checkout" is rewritten in C.
+
+ * "git remote" is rewritten in C.
+
+ * Two conflict hunks that are separated by a very short span of common
+   lines are now coalesced into one larger hunk, to make the result easier
+   to read.
+
+ * Run-command API's use of file descriptors is documented clearer and
+   is more consistent now.
+
+ * diff output can be sent to FILE * that is different from stdout.  This
+   will help reimplementing more things in C.
+
+Fixes since v1.5.4
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.5.4 maintenance series are included in
+this release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+ * "git-http-push" did not allow deletion of remote ref with the usual
+   "push <remote> :<branch>" syntax.
+
+ * "git-rebase --abort" did not go back to the right location if
+   "git-reset" was run during the "git-rebase" session.
+
+ * "git imap-send" without setting imap.host did not error out but
+   segfaulted.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4864b16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+GIT v1.5.6.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.6
+------------------
+
+* Last minute change broke loose object creation on AIX.
+
+* (performance fix) We used to make $GIT_DIR absolute path early in the
+  programs but keeping it relative to the current directory internally
+  gives 1-3 per-cent performance boost.
+
+* bash completion knows the new --graph option to git-log family.
+
+
+* git-diff -c/--cc showed unnecessary "deletion" lines at the context
+  boundary.
+
+* git-for-each-ref ignored %(object) and %(type) requests for tag
+  objects.
+
+* git-merge usage had a typo.
+
+* Rebuilding of git-svn metainfo database did not take rewriteRoot
+  option into account.
+
+* Running "git-rebase --continue/--skip/--abort" before starting a
+  rebase gave nonsense error messages.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5902a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+GIT v1.5.6.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Futureproof
+-----------
+
+ * "git-shell" accepts requests without a dash between "git" and
+   subcommand name (e.g. "git upload-pack") which the newer client will
+   start to make sometime in the future.
+
+Fixes since v1.5.6.1
+--------------------
+
+* "git clone" from a remote that is named with url.insteadOf setting in
+  $HOME/.gitconfig did not work well.
+
+* "git describe --long --tags" segfaulted when the described revision was
+  tagged with a lightweight tag.
+
+* "git diff --check" did not report the result via its exit status
+  reliably.
+
+* When remote side used to have branch 'foo' and git-fetch finds that now
+  it has branch 'foo/bar', it refuses to lose the existing remote tracking
+  branch and its reflog.  The error message has been improved to suggest
+  pruning the remote if the user wants to proceed and get the latest set
+  of branches from the remote, including such 'foo/bar'.
+
+* "git reset file" should mean the same thing as "git reset HEAD file",
+  but we required disambiguating -- even when "file" is not ambiguous.
+
+* "git show" segfaulted when an annotated tag that points at another
+  annotated tag was given to it.
+
+* Optimization for a large import via "git-svn" introduced in v1.5.6 had a
+  serious memory and temporary file leak, which made it unusable for
+  moderately large import.
+
+* "git-svn" mangled remote nickname used in the configuration file
+  unnecessarily.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9426112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+GIT v1.5.6.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.6.2
+--------------------
+
+* Setting core.sharerepository to traditional "true" value was supposed to make
+  the repository group writable but should not affect permission for others.
+  However, since 1.5.6, it was broken to drop permission for others when umask is
+  022, making the repository unreadable by others.
+
+* Setting GIT_TRACE will report spawning of external process via run_command().
+
+* Using an object with very deep delta chain pinned memory needed for extracting
+  intermediate base objects unnecessarily long, leading to excess memory usage.
+
+* Bash completion script did not notice '--' marker on the command
+  line and tried the relatively slow "ref completion" even when
+  completing arguments after one.
+
+* Registering a non-empty blob racily and then truncating the working
+  tree file for it confused "racy-git avoidance" logic into thinking
+  that the path is now unchanged.
+
+* The section that describes attributes related to git-archive were placed
+  in a wrong place in the gitattributes(5) manual page.
+
+* "git am" was not helpful to the users when it detected that the committer
+  information is not set up properly yet.
+
+* "git clone" had a leftover debugging fprintf().
+
+* "git clone -q" was not quiet enough as it used to and gave object count
+  and progress reports.
+
+* "git clone" marked downloaded packfile with .keep; this could be a
+  good thing if the remote side is well packed but otherwise not,
+  especially for a project that is not really big.
+
+* "git daemon" used to call syslog() from a signal handler, which
+  could raise signals of its own but generally is not reentrant.  This
+  was fixed by restructuring the code to report syslog() after the handler
+  returns.
+
+* When "git push" tries to remove a remote ref, and corresponding
+  tracking ref is missing, we used to report error (i.e. failure to
+  remove something that does not exist).
+
+* "git mailinfo" (hence "git am") did not handle commit log messages in a
+  MIME multipart mail correctly.
+
+Contains other various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8968f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+GIT v1.5.6.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.6.3
+--------------------
+
+* Various commands could overflow its internal buffer on a platform
+  with small PATH_MAX value in a repository that has contents with
+  long pathnames.
+
+* There wasn't a way to make --pretty=format:%<> specifiers to honor
+  .mailmap name rewriting for authors and committers.  Now you can with
+  %aN and %cN.
+
+* Bash completion wasted too many cycles; this has been optimized to be
+  usable again.
+
+* Bash completion lost ref part when completing something like "git show
+  pu:Makefile".
+
+* "git-cvsserver" did not clean up its temporary working area after annotate
+  request.
+
+* "git-daemon" called syslog() from its signal handler, which was a
+  no-no.
+
+* "git-fetch" into an empty repository used to remind that the fetch will
+   be huge by saying "no common commits", but this was an unnecessary
+   noise; it is already known by the user anyway.
+
+* "git-http-fetch" would have segfaulted when pack idx file retrieved
+  from the other side was corrupt.
+
+* "git-index-pack" used too much memory when dealing with a deep delta chain.
+
+* "git-mailinfo" (hence "git-am") did not correctly handle in-body [PATCH]
+  line to override the commit title taken from the mail Subject header.
+
+* "git-rebase -i -p" lost parents that are not involved in the history
+  being rewritten.
+
+* "git-rm" lost track of where the index file was when GIT_DIR was
+  specified as a relative path.
+
+* "git-rev-list --quiet" was not quiet as advertised.
+
+Contains other various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47ca172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+GIT v1.5.6.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.5.6.4
+--------------------
+
+* "git cvsimport" used to spit out "UNKNOWN LINE..." diagnostics to stdout.
+
+* "git commit -F filename" and "git tag -F filename" run from subdirectories
+  did not read the right file.
+
+* "git init --template=" with blank "template" parameter linked files
+  under root directories to .git, which was a total nonsense.  Instead, it
+  means "I do not want to use anything from the template directory".
+
+* "git diff-tree" and other diff plumbing ignored diff.renamelimit configuration
+  variable when the user explicitly asked for rename detection.
+
+* "git name-rev --name-only" did not work when "--stdin" option was in effect.
+
+* "git show-branch" mishandled its 8th branch.
+
+* Addition of "git update-index --ignore-submodules" that happened during
+  1.5.6 cycle broke "git update-index --ignore-missing".
+
+* "git send-email" did not parse charset from an existing Content-type:
+  header properly.
+
+Contains other various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79da23d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+GIT v1.5.6.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since 1.5.6.5
+-------------------
+
+ * Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
+   implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
+   which would have run an external diff command specified in the
+   repository configuration as the gitweb user.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e143d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+GIT v1.5.6 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.5.5
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+* Comes with updated gitk and git-gui.
+
+(portability)
+
+* git will build on AIX better than before now.
+
+* core.ignorecase configuration variable can be used to work better on
+  filesystems that are not case sensitive.
+
+* "git init" now autodetects the case sensitivity of the filesystem and
+  sets core.ignorecase accordingly.
+
+* cpio is no longer used; neither "curl" binary (libcurl is still used).
+
+(documentation)
+
+* Many freestanding documentation pages have been converted and made
+  available to "git help" (aka "man git<something>") as section 7 of
+  the manual pages. This means bookmarks to some HTML documentation
+  files may need to be updated (eg "tutorial.html" became
+  "gittutorial.html").
+
+(performance)
+
+* "git clone" was rewritten in C.  This will hopefully help cloning a
+  repository with insane number of refs.
+
+* "git rebase --onto $there $from $branch" used to switch to the tip of
+  $branch only to immediately reset back to $from, smudging work tree
+  files unnecessarily.  This has been optimized.
+
+* Object creation codepath in "git-svn" has been optimized by enhancing
+  plumbing commands git-cat-file and git-hash-object.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+* "git add -p" (and the "patch" subcommand of "git add -i") can choose to
+  apply (or not apply) mode changes independently from contents changes.
+
+* "git bisect help" gives longer and more helpful usage information.
+
+* "git bisect" does not use a special branch "bisect" anymore; instead, it
+  does its work on a detached HEAD.
+
+* "git branch" (and "git checkout -b") can be told to set up
+  branch.<name>.rebase automatically, so that later you can say "git pull"
+  and magically cause "git pull --rebase" to happen.
+
+* "git branch --merged" and "git branch --no-merged" can be used to list
+  branches that have already been merged (or not yet merged) to the
+  current branch.
+
+* "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can add a sign-off.
+
+* "git commit" mentions the author identity when you are committing
+  somebody else's changes.
+
+* "git diff/log --dirstat" output is consistent between binary and textual
+  changes.
+
+* "git filter-branch" rewrites signed tags by demoting them to annotated.
+
+* "git format-patch --no-binary" can produce a patch that lack binary
+  changes (i.e. cannot be used to propagate the whole changes) meant only
+  for reviewing.
+
+* "git init --bare" is a synonym for "git --bare init" now.
+
+* "git gc --auto" honors a new pre-auto-gc hook to temporarily disable it.
+
+* "git log --pretty=tformat:<custom format>" gives a LF after each entry,
+  instead of giving a LF between each pair of entries which is how
+  "git log --pretty=format:<custom format>" works.
+
+* "git log" and friends learned the "--graph" option to show the ancestry
+  graph at the left margin of the output.
+
+* "git log" and friends can be told to use date format that is different
+  from the default via 'log.date' configuration variable.
+
+* "git send-email" now can send out messages outside a git repository.
+
+* "git send-email --compose" was made aware of rfc2047 quoting.
+
+* "git status" can optionally include output from "git submodule
+  summary".
+
+* "git svn" learned --add-author-from option to propagate the authorship
+  by munging the commit log message.
+
+* new object creation and looking up in "git svn" has been optimized.
+
+* "gitweb" can read from a system-wide configuration file.
+
+(internal)
+
+* "git unpack-objects" and "git receive-pack" is now more strict about
+  detecting breakage in the objects they receive over the wire.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.5.5
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.5.5 maintenance series are included in
+this release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+And there are too numerous small fixes to otherwise note here ;-)
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d7a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+GIT v1.6.0.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.0
+------------------
+
+* "git diff --cc" did not honor content mangling specified by
+  gitattributes and core.autocrlf when reading from the work tree.
+
+* "git diff --check" incorrectly detected new trailing blank lines when
+  whitespace check was in effect.
+
+* "git for-each-ref" tried to dereference NULL when asked for '%(body)" on
+  a tag with a single incomplete line as its payload.
+
+* "git format-patch" peeked before the beginning of a string when
+  "format.headers" variable is empty (a misconfiguration).
+
+* "git help help" did not work correctly.
+
+* "git mailinfo" (hence "git am") was unhappy when MIME multipart message
+  contained garbage after the finishing boundary.
+
+* "git mailinfo" also was unhappy when the "From: " line only had a bare
+  e-mail address.
+
+* "git merge" did not refresh the index correctly when a merge resulted in
+  a fast-forward.
+
+* "git merge" did not resolve a truly trivial merges that can be done
+  without content level merges.
+
+* "git svn dcommit" to a repository with URL that has embedded usernames
+  did not work correctly.
+
+Contains other various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b32f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+GIT v1.6.0.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.0.1
+--------------------
+
+* Installation on platforms that needs .exe suffix to git-* programs were
+  broken in 1.6.0.1.
+
+* Installation on filesystems without symbolic links support did not
+  work well.
+
+* In-tree documentations and test scripts now use "git foo" form to set a
+  better example, instead of the "git-foo" form (which is an acceptable
+  form if you have "PATH=$(git --exec-path):$PATH" in your script)
+
+* Many commands did not use the correct working tree location when used
+  with GIT_WORK_TREE environment settings.
+
+* Some systems needs to use compatibility fnmach and regex libraries
+  independent from each other; the compat/ area has been reorganized to
+  allow this.
+
+
+* "git apply --unidiff-zero" incorrectly applied a -U0 patch that inserts
+  a new line before the second line.
+
+* "git blame -c" did not exactly work like "git annotate" when range
+  boundaries are involved.
+
+* "git checkout file" when file is still unmerged checked out contents from
+  a random high order stage, which was confusing.
+
+* "git clone $there $here/" with extra trailing slashes after explicit
+  local directory name $here did not work as expected.
+
+* "git diff" on tracked contents with CRLF line endings did not drive "less"
+  intelligently when showing added or removed lines.
+
+* "git diff --dirstat -M" did not add changes in subdirectories up
+  correctly for renamed paths.
+
+* "git diff --cumulative" did not imply "--dirstat".
+
+* "git for-each-ref refs/heads/" did not work as expected.
+
+* "git gui" allowed users to feed patch without any context to be applied.
+
+* "git gui" botched parsing "diff" output when a line that begins with two
+  dashes and a space gets removed or a line that begins with two pluses
+  and a space gets added.
+
+* "git gui" translation updates and i18n fixes.
+
+* "git index-pack" is more careful against disk corruption while completing
+  a thin pack.
+
+* "git log -i --grep=pattern" did not ignore case; neither "git log -E
+  --grep=pattern" triggered extended regexp.
+
+* "git log --pretty="%ad" --date=short" did not use short format when
+  showing the timestamp.
+
+* "git log --author=author" match incorrectly matched with the
+  timestamp part of "author " line in commit objects.
+
+* "git log -F --author=author" did not work at all.
+
+* Build procedure for "git shell" that used stub versions of some
+  functions and globals was not understood by linkers on some platforms.
+
+* "git stash" was fooled by a stat-dirty but otherwise unmodified paths
+  and refused to work until the user refreshed the index.
+
+* "git svn" was broken on Perl before 5.8 with recent fixes to reduce
+  use of temporary files.
+
+* "git verify-pack -v" did not work correctly when given more than one
+  packfile.
+
+Also contains many documentation updates.
+
+--
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+O=v1.6.0.1-78-g3632cfc
+echo O=$(git describe maint)
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae05778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+GIT v1.6.0.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.0.2
+--------------------
+
+* "git archive --format=zip" did not honor core.autocrlf while
+  --format=tar did.
+
+* Continuing "git rebase -i" was very confused when the user left modified
+  files in the working tree while resolving conflicts.
+
+* Continuing "git rebase -i" was also very confused when the user left
+  some staged changes in the index after "edit".
+
+* "git rebase -i" now honors the pre-rebase hook, just like the
+  other rebase implementations "git rebase" and "git rebase -m".
+
+* "git rebase -i" incorrectly aborted when there is no commit to replay.
+
+* Behaviour of "git diff --quiet" was inconsistent with "diff --exit-code"
+  with the output redirected to /dev/null.
+
+* "git diff --no-index" on binary files no longer outputs a bogus
+  "diff --git" header line.
+
+* "git diff" hunk header patterns with multiple elements separated by LF
+  were not used correctly.
+
+* Hunk headers in "git diff" default to using extended regular
+  expressions, fixing some of the internal patterns on non-GNU
+  platforms.
+
+* New config "diff.*.xfuncname" exposes extended regular expressions
+  for user specified hunk header patterns.
+
+* "git gc" when ejecting otherwise unreachable objects from packfiles into
+  loose form leaked memory.
+
+* "git index-pack" was recently broken and mishandled objects added by
+  thin-pack completion processing under memory pressure.
+
+* "git index-pack" was recently broken and misbehaved when run from inside
+  .git/objects/pack/ directory.
+
+* "git stash apply sash@{1}" was fixed to error out.  Prior versions
+  would have applied stash@{0} incorrectly.
+
+* "git stash apply" now offers a better suggestion on how to continue
+  if the working tree is currently dirty.
+
+* "git for-each-ref --format=%(subject)" fixed for commits with no
+  no newline in the message body.
+
+* "git remote" fixed to protect printf from user input.
+
+* "git remote show -v" now displays all URLs of a remote.
+
+* "git checkout -b branch" was confused when branch already existed.
+
+* "git checkout -q" once again suppresses the locally modified file list.
+
+* "git clone -q", "git fetch -q" asks remote side to not send
+  progress messages, actually making their output quiet.
+
+* Cross-directory renames are no longer used when creating packs.  This
+  allows more graceful behavior on filesystems like sshfs.
+
+* Stale temporary files under $GIT_DIR/objects/pack are now cleaned up
+  automatically by "git prune".
+
+* "git merge" once again removes directories after the last file has
+  been removed from it during the merge.
+
+* "git merge" did not allocate enough memory for the structure itself when
+  enumerating the parents of the resulting commit.
+
+* "git blame -C -C" no longer segfaults while trying to pass blame if
+   it encounters a submodule reference.
+
+* "git rm" incorrectly claimed that you have local modifications when a
+  path was merely stat-dirty.
+
+* "git svn" fixed to display an error message when 'set-tree' failed,
+   instead of a Perl compile error.
+
+* "git submodule" fixed to handle checking out a different commit
+  than HEAD after initializing the submodule.
+
+* The "git commit" error message when there are still unmerged
+  files present was clarified to match "git write-tree".
+
+* "git init" was confused when core.bare or core.sharedRepository are set
+  in system or user global configuration file by mistake.  When --bare or
+  --shared is given from the command line, these now override such
+  settings made outside the repositories.
+
+* Some segfaults due to uncaught NULL pointers were fixed in multiple
+  tools such as apply, reset, update-index.
+
+* Solaris builds now default to OLD_ICONV=1 to avoid compile warnings;
+  Solaris 8 does not define NEEDS_LIBICONV by default.
+
+* "Git.pm" tests relied on unnecessarily more recent version of Perl.
+
+* "gitweb" triggered undef warning on commits without log messages.
+
+* "gitweb" triggered undef warnings on missing trees.
+
+* "gitweb" now removes PATH_INFO from its URLs so users don't have
+  to manually set the URL in the gitweb configuration.
+
+* Bash completion removed support for legacy "git-fetch", "git-push"
+  and "git-pull" as these are no longer installed.  Dashless form
+  ("git fetch") is still however supported.
+
+Many other documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d522661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+GIT v1.6.0.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.0.3
+--------------------
+
+* 'git add -p' said "No changes" when only binary files were changed.
+
+* 'git archive' did not work correctly in bare repositories.
+
+* 'git checkout -t -b newbranch' when you are on detached HEAD was broken.
+
+* when we refuse to detect renames because there are too many new or
+  deleted files, 'git diff' did not say how many there are.
+
+* 'git push --mirror' tried and failed to push the stash; there is no
+  point in sending it to begin with.
+
+* 'git push' did not update the remote tracking reference if the corresponding
+  ref on the remote end happened to be already up to date.
+
+* 'git pull $there $branch:$current_branch' did not work when you were on
+  a branch yet to be born.
+
+* when giving up resolving a conflicted merge, 'git reset --hard' failed
+  to remove new paths from the working tree.
+
+* 'git send-email' had a small fd leak while scanning directory.
+
+* 'git status' incorrectly reported a submodule directory as an untracked
+  directory.
+
+* 'git svn' used deprecated 'git-foo' form of subcommand invocation.
+
+* 'git update-ref -d' to remove a reference did not honor --no-deref option.
+
+* Plugged small memleaks here and there.
+
+* Also contains many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a08bb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+GIT v1.6.0.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.0.4
+--------------------
+
+* "git checkout" used to crash when your HEAD was pointing at a deleted
+  branch.
+
+* "git checkout" from an un-checked-out state did not allow switching out
+  of the current branch.
+
+* "git diff" always allowed GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and --no-ext-diff was no-op for
+  the command.
+
+* Giving 3 or more tree-ish to "git diff" is supposed to show the combined
+  diff from second and subsequent trees to the first one, but the order was
+  screwed up.
+
+* "git fast-export" did not export all tags.
+
+* "git ls-files --with-tree=<tree>" did not work with options other
+  than -c, most notably with -m.
+
+* "git pack-objects" did not make its best effort to honor --max-pack-size
+  option when a single first object already busted the given limit and
+  placed many objects in a single pack.
+
+* "git-p4" fast import frontend was too eager to trigger its keyword expansion
+  logic, even on a keyword-looking string that does not have closing '$' on the
+  same line.
+
+* "git push $there" when the remote $there is defined in $GIT_DIR/branches/$there
+  behaves more like what cg-push from Cogito used to work.
+
+* when giving up resolving a conflicted merge, "git reset --hard" failed
+  to remove new paths from the working tree.
+
+* "git tag" did not complain when given mutually incompatible set of options.
+
+* The message constructed in the internal editor was discarded when "git
+  tag -s" failed to sign the message, which was often caused by the user
+  not configuring GPG correctly.
+
+* "make check" cannot be run without sparse; people may have meant to say
+  "make test" instead, so suggest that.
+
+* Internal diff machinery had a corner case performance bug that choked on
+  a large file with many repeated contents.
+
+* "git repack" used to grab objects out of packs marked with .keep
+  into a new pack.
+
+* Many unsafe call to sprintf() style varargs functions are corrected.
+
+* Also contains quite a few documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64ece1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+GIT v1.6.0.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since 1.6.0.5
+-------------------
+
+ * "git fsck" had a deep recursion that wasted stack space.
+
+ * "git fast-export" and "git fast-import" choked on an old style
+   annotated tag that lack the tagger information.
+
+ * "git mergetool -- file" did not correctly skip "--" marker that
+   signals the end of options list.
+
+ * "git show $tag" segfaulted when an annotated $tag pointed at a
+   nonexistent object.
+
+ * "git show 2>error" when the standard output is automatically redirected
+   to the pager redirected the standard error to the pager as well; there
+   was no need to.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not correctly handle list of addresses when
+   they had quoted comma (e.g. "Lastname, Givenname" <mail@addre.ss>).
+
+ * Logic to discover branch ancestry in "git svn" was unreliable when
+   the process to fetch history was interrupted.
+
+ * Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
+   implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
+   which would have run an external diff command specified in the
+   repository configuration as the gitweb user.
+
+Also contains numerous documentation typofixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de7ef16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+GIT v1.6.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+User visible changes
+--------------------
+
+With the default Makefile settings, most of the programs are now
+installed outside your $PATH, except for "git", "gitk" and
+some server side programs that need to be accessible for technical
+reasons.  Invoking a git subcommand as "git-xyzzy" from the command
+line has been deprecated since early 2006 (and officially announced in
+1.5.4 release notes); use of them from your scripts after adding
+output from "git --exec-path" to the $PATH is still supported in this
+release, but users are again strongly encouraged to adjust their
+scripts to use "git xyzzy" form, as we will stop installing
+"git-xyzzy" hardlinks for built-in commands in later releases.
+
+An earlier change to page "git status" output was overwhelmingly unpopular
+and has been reverted.
+
+Source changes needed for porting to MinGW environment are now all in the
+main git.git codebase.
+
+By default, packfiles created with this version uses delta-base-offset
+encoding introduced in v1.4.4.  Pack idx files are using version 2 that
+allows larger packs and added robustness thanks to its CRC checking,
+introduced in v1.5.2 and v1.4.4.5.  If you want to keep your repositories
+backwards compatible past these versions, set repack.useDeltaBaseOffset
+to false or pack.indexVersion to 1, respectively.
+
+We used to prevent sample hook scripts shipped in templates/ from
+triggering by default by relying on the fact that we install them as
+unexecutable, but on some filesystems, this approach does not work.
+They are now shipped with ".sample" suffix.  If you want to activate
+any of these samples as-is, rename them to drop the ".sample" suffix,
+instead of running "chmod +x" on them.  For example, you can rename
+hooks/post-update.sample to hooks/post-update to enable the sample
+hook that runs update-server-info, in order to make repositories
+friendly to dumb protocols (i.e. HTTP).
+
+GIT_CONFIG, which was only documented as affecting "git config", but
+actually affected all git commands, now only affects "git config".
+GIT_LOCAL_CONFIG, also only documented as affecting "git config" and
+not different from GIT_CONFIG in a useful way, is removed.
+
+The ".dotest" temporary area "git am" and "git rebase" use is now moved
+inside the $GIT_DIR, to avoid mistakes of adding it to the project by
+accident.
+
+An ancient merge strategy "stupid" has been removed.
+
+
+Updates since v1.5.6
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+* git-p4 in contrib learned "allowSubmit" configuration to control on
+  which branch to allow "submit" subcommand.
+
+* git-gui learned to stage changes per-line.
+
+(portability)
+
+* Changes for MinGW port have been merged, thanks to Johannes Sixt and
+  gangs.
+
+* Sample hook scripts shipped in templates/ are now suffixed with
+  *.sample.
+
+* perl's in-place edit (-i) does not work well without backup files on Windows;
+  some tests are rewritten to cope with this.
+
+(documentation)
+
+* Updated howto/update-hook-example
+
+* Got rid of usage of "git-foo" from the tutorial and made typography
+  more consistent.
+
+* Disambiguating "--" between revs and paths is finally documented.
+
+(performance, robustness, sanity etc.)
+
+* index-pack used too much memory when dealing with a deep delta chain.
+  This has been optimized.
+
+* reduced excessive inlining to shrink size of the "git" binary.
+
+* verify-pack checks the object CRC when using version 2 idx files.
+
+* When an object is corrupt in a pack, the object became unusable even
+  when the same object is available in a loose form,  We now try harder to
+  fall back to these redundant objects when able.  In particular, "git
+  repack -a -f" can be used to fix such a corruption as long as necessary
+  objects are available.
+
+* Performance of "git-blame -C -C" operation is vastly improved.
+
+* git-clone does not create refs in loose form anymore (it behaves as
+  if you immediately ran git-pack-refs after cloning).  This will help
+  repositories with insanely large number of refs.
+
+* core.fsyncobjectfiles configuration can be used to ensure that the loose
+  objects created will be fsync'ed (this is only useful on filesystems
+  that does not order data writes properly).
+
+* "git commit-tree" plumbing can make Octopus with more than 16 parents.
+  "git commit" has been capable of this for quite some time.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+* even more documentation pages are now accessible via "man" and "git help".
+
+* A new environment variable GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES can be used to stop
+  the discovery process of the toplevel of working tree; this may be useful
+  when you are working in a slow network disk and are outside any working tree,
+  as bash-completion and "git help" may still need to run in these places.
+
+* By default, stash entries never expire.  Set reflogexpire in [gc
+  "refs/stash"] to a reasonable value to get traditional auto-expiration
+  behaviour back
+
+* Longstanding latency issue with bash completion script has been
+  addressed.  This will need to be backmerged to 'maint' later.
+
+* pager.<cmd> configuration variable can be used to enable/disable the
+  default paging behaviour per command.
+
+* "git-add -i" has a new action 'e/dit' to allow you edit the patch hunk
+  manually.
+
+* git-am records the original tip of the branch in ORIG_HEAD before it
+  starts applying patches.
+
+* git-apply can handle a patch that touches the same path more than once
+  much better than before.
+
+* git-apply can be told not to trust the line counts recorded in the input
+  patch but recount, with the new --recount option.
+
+* git-apply can be told to apply a patch to a path deeper than what the
+  patch records with --directory option.
+
+* git-archive can be told to omit certain paths from its output using
+  export-ignore attributes.
+
+* git-archive uses the zlib default compression level when creating
+  zip archive.
+
+* git-archive's command line options --exec and --remote can take their
+  parameters as separate command line arguments, similar to other commands.
+  IOW, both "--exec=path" and "--exec path" are now supported.
+
+* With -v option, git-branch describes the remote tracking statistics
+  similar to the way git-checkout reports by how many commits your branch
+  is ahead/behind.
+
+* git-branch's --contains option used to always require a commit parameter
+  to limit the branches with; it now defaults to list branches that
+  contains HEAD if this parameter is omitted.
+
+* git-branch's --merged and --no-merged option used to always limit the
+  branches relative to the HEAD, but they can now take an optional commit
+  argument that is used in place of HEAD.
+
+* git-bundle can read the revision arguments from the standard input.
+
+* git-cherry-pick can replay a root commit now.
+
+* git-clone can clone from a remote whose URL would be rewritten by
+  configuration stored in $HOME/.gitconfig now.
+
+* "git-clone --mirror" is a handy way to set up a bare mirror repository.
+
+* git-cvsserver learned to respond to "cvs co -c".
+
+* git-diff --check now checks leftover merge conflict markers.
+
+* "git-diff -p" learned to grab a better hunk header lines in
+  BibTex, Pascal/Delphi, and Ruby files and also pays attention to
+  chapter and part boundary in TeX documents.
+
+* When remote side used to have branch 'foo' and git-fetch finds that now
+  it has branch 'foo/bar', it refuses to lose the existing remote tracking
+  branch and its reflog.  The error message has been improved to suggest
+  pruning the remote if the user wants to proceed and get the latest set
+  of branches from the remote, including such 'foo/bar'.
+
+* fast-export learned to export and import marks file; this can be used to
+  interface with fast-import incrementally.
+
+* fast-import and fast-export learned to export and import gitlinks.
+
+* "gitk" left background process behind after being asked to dig very deep
+  history and the user killed the UI; the process is killed when the UI goes
+  away now.
+
+* git-rebase records the original tip of branch in ORIG_HEAD before it is
+  rewound.
+
+* "git rerere" can be told to update the index with auto-reused resolution
+  with rerere.autoupdate configuration variable.
+
+* git-rev-parse learned $commit^! and $commit^@ notations used in "log"
+  family.  These notations are available in gitk as well, because the gitk
+  command internally uses rev-parse to interpret its arguments.
+
+* git-rev-list learned --children option to show child commits it
+  encountered during the traversal, instead of showing parent commits.
+
+* git-send-mail can talk not just over SSL but over TLS now.
+
+* git-shortlog honors custom output format specified with "--pretty=format:".
+
+* "git-stash save" learned --keep-index option.  This lets you stash away the
+  local changes and bring the changes staged in the index to your working
+  tree for examination and testing.
+
+* git-stash also learned branch subcommand to create a new branch out of
+  stashed changes.
+
+* git-status gives the remote tracking statistics similar to the way
+  git-checkout reports by how many commits your branch is ahead/behind.
+
+* "git-svn dcommit" is now aware of auto-props setting the subversion user
+  has.
+
+* You can tell "git status -u" to even more aggressively omit checking
+  untracked files with --untracked-files=no.
+
+* Original SHA-1 value for "update-ref -d" is optional now.
+
+* Error codes from gitweb are made more descriptive where possible, rather
+  than "403 forbidden" as we used to issue everywhere.
+
+(internal)
+
+* git-merge has been reimplemented in C.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.5.6
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.5.6 maintenance series are included in
+this release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+ * git-clone ignored its -u option; the fix needs to be backported to
+   'maint';
+
+ * git-mv used to lose the distinction between changes that are staged
+   and that are only in the working tree, by staging both in the index
+   after moving such a path.
+
+ * "git-rebase -i -p" rewrote the parents to wrong ones when amending
+   (either edit or squash) was involved, and did not work correctly
+   when fast forwarding.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c594ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+GIT v1.6.1.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.1
+------------------
+
+* "git add frotz/nitfol" when "frotz" is a submodule should have errored
+  out, but it didn't.
+
+* "git apply" took file modes from the patch text and updated the mode
+  bits of the target tree even when the patch was not about mode changes.
+
+* "git bisect view" on Cygwin did not launch gitk
+
+* "git checkout $tree" did not trigger an error.
+
+* "git commit" tried to remove COMMIT_EDITMSG from the work tree by mistake.
+
+* "git describe --all" complained when a commit is described with a tag,
+  which was nonsense.
+
+* "git diff --no-index --" did not trigger no-index (aka "use git-diff as
+  a replacement of diff on untracked files") behaviour.
+
+* "git format-patch -1 HEAD" on a root commit failed to produce patch
+  text.
+
+* "git fsck branch" did not work as advertised; instead it behaved the same
+  way as "git fsck".
+
+* "git log --pretty=format:%s" did not handle a multi-line subject the
+  same way as built-in log listers (i.e. shortlog, --pretty=oneline, etc.)
+
+* "git daemon", and "git merge-file" are more careful when freopen fails
+  and barf, instead of going on and writing to unopened filehandle.
+
+* "git http-push" did not like some RFC 4918 compliant DAV server
+  responses.
+
+* "git merge -s recursive" mistakenly overwritten an untracked file in the
+  work tree upon delete/modify conflict.
+
+* "git merge -s recursive" didn't leave the index unmerged for entries with
+  rename/delete conflicts.
+
+* "git merge -s recursive" clobbered untracked files in the work tree.
+
+* "git mv -k" with more than one erroneous paths misbehaved.
+
+* "git read-tree -m -u" hence branch switching incorrectly lost a
+  subdirectory in rare cases.
+
+* "git rebase -i" issued an unnecessary error message upon a user error of
+  marking the first commit to be "squash"ed.
+
+* "git shortlog" did not format a commit message with multi-line
+  subject correctly.
+
+Many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be37cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+GIT v1.6.1.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.1.1
+--------------------
+
+* The logic for rename detection in internal diff used by commands like
+  "git diff" and "git blame" has been optimized to avoid loading the same
+  blob repeatedly.
+
+* We did not allow writing out a blob that is larger than 2GB for no good
+  reason.
+
+* "git format-patch -o $dir", when $dir is a relative directory, used it
+  as relative to the root of the work tree, not relative to the current
+  directory.
+
+* v1.6.1 introduced an optimization for "git push" into a repository (A)
+  that borrows its objects from another repository (B) to avoid sending
+  objects that are available in repository B, when they are not yet used
+  by repository A.  However the code on the "git push" sender side was
+  buggy and did not work when repository B had new objects that are not
+  known by the sender.  This caused pushing into a "forked" repository
+  served by v1.6.1 software using "git push" from v1.6.1 sometimes did not
+  work.  The bug was purely on the "git push" sender side, and has been
+  corrected.
+
+* "git status -v" did not paint its diff output in colour even when
+  color.ui configuration was set.
+
+* "git ls-tree" learned --full-tree option to help Porcelain scripts that
+  want to always see the full path regardless of the current working
+  directory.
+
+* "git grep" incorrectly searched in work tree paths even when they are
+  marked as assume-unchanged.  It now searches in the index entries.
+
+* "git gc" with no grace period needlessly ejected packed but unreachable
+  objects in their loose form, only to delete them right away.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f0bde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+GIT v1.6.1.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.1.2
+--------------------
+
+* "git diff --binary | git apply" pipeline did not work well when
+  a binary blob is changed to a symbolic link.
+
+* Some combinations of -b/-w/--ignore-space-at-eol to "git diff" did
+  not work as expected.
+
+* "git grep" did not pass the -I (ignore binary) option when
+  calling out an external grep program.
+
+* "git log" and friends include HEAD to the set of starting points
+  when --all is given.  This makes a difference when you are not
+  on any branch.
+
+* "git mv" to move an untracked file to overwrite a tracked
+  contents misbehaved.
+
+* "git merge -s octopus" with many potential merge bases did not
+  work correctly.
+
+* RPM binary package installed the html manpages in a wrong place.
+
+Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
+
+
+--
+git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.2-33-gc789350..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ce6316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+GIT v1.6.1.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.1.3
+--------------------
+
+* .gitignore learned to handle backslash as a quoting mechanism for
+  comment introduction character "#".
+  This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.1.
+
+* "git fast-export" produced wrong output with some parents missing from
+  commits, when the history is clock-skewed.
+
+* "git fast-import" sometimes failed to read back objects it just wrote
+  out and aborted, because it failed to flush stale cached data.
+
+* "git-ls-tree" and "git-diff-tree" used a pathspec correctly when
+  deciding to descend into a subdirectory but they did not match the
+  individual paths correctly.  This caused pathspecs "abc/d ab" to match
+  "abc/0" ("abc/d" made them decide to descend into the directory "abc/",
+  and then "ab" incorrectly matched "abc/0" when it shouldn't).
+  This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
+
+* import-zips script (in contrib) did not compute the common directory
+  prefix correctly.
+  This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.2.
+
+* "git init" segfaulted when given an overlong template location via
+  the --template= option.
+  This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.4.
+
+* "git repack" did not error out when necessary object was missing in the
+  repository.
+
+* git-repack (invoked from git-gc) did not work as nicely as it should in
+  a repository that borrows objects from neighbours via alternates
+  mechanism especially when some packs are marked with the ".keep" flag
+  to prevent them from being repacked.
+  This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
+
+Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
+
+--
+git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.3..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb7cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+GIT v1.6.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Updates since v1.6.0
+--------------------
+
+When some commands (e.g. "git log", "git diff") spawn pager internally, we
+used to make the pager the parent process of the git command that produces
+output.  This meant that the exit status of the whole thing comes from the
+pager, not the underlying git command.  We swapped the order of the
+processes around and you will see the exit code from the command from now
+on.
+
+(subsystems)
+
+* gitk can call out to git-gui to view "git blame" output; git-gui in turn
+  can run gitk from its blame view.
+
+* Various git-gui updates including updated translations.
+
+* Various gitweb updates from repo.or.cz installation.
+
+* Updates to emacs bindings.
+
+(portability)
+
+* A few test scripts used nonportable "grep" that did not work well on
+  some platforms, e.g. Solaris.
+
+* Sample pre-auto-gc script has OS X support.
+
+* Makefile has support for (ancient) FreeBSD 4.9.
+
+(performance)
+
+* Many operations that are lstat(3) heavy can be told to pre-execute
+  necessary lstat(3) in parallel before their main operations, which
+  potentially gives much improved performance for cold-cache cases or in
+  environments with weak metadata caching (e.g. NFS).
+
+* The underlying diff machinery to produce textual output has been
+  optimized, which would result in faster "git blame" processing.
+
+* Most of the test scripts (but not the ones that try to run servers)
+  can be run in parallel.
+
+* Bash completion of refnames in a repository with massive number of
+  refs has been optimized.
+
+* Cygwin port uses native stat/lstat implementations when applicable,
+  which leads to improved performance.
+
+* "git push" pays attention to alternate repositories to avoid sending
+  unnecessary objects.
+
+* "git svn" can rebuild an out-of-date rev_map file.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+* When you mistype a command name, git helpfully suggests what it guesses
+  you might have meant to say.  help.autocorrect configuration can be set
+  to a non-zero value to accept the suggestion when git can uniquely
+  guess.
+
+* The packfile machinery hopefully is more robust when dealing with
+  corrupt packs if redundant objects involved in the corruption are
+  available elsewhere.
+
+* "git add -N path..." adds the named paths as an empty blob, so that
+  subsequent "git diff" will show a diff as if they are creation events.
+
+* "git add" gained a built-in synonym for people who want to say "stage
+  changes" instead of "add contents to the staging area" which amounts
+  to the same thing.
+
+* "git apply" learned --include=paths option, similar to the existing
+  --exclude=paths option.
+
+* "git bisect" is careful about a user mistake and suggests testing of
+  merge base first when good is not a strict ancestor of bad.
+
+* "git bisect skip" can take a range of commits.
+
+* "git blame" re-encodes the commit metainfo to UTF-8 from i18n.commitEncoding
+  by default.
+
+* "git check-attr --stdin" can check attributes for multiple paths.
+
+* "git checkout --track origin/hack" used to be a syntax error.  It now
+  DWIMs to create a corresponding local branch "hack", i.e. acts as if you
+  said "git checkout --track -b hack origin/hack".
+
+* "git checkout --ours/--theirs" can be used to check out one side of a
+  conflicting merge during conflict resolution.
+
+* "git checkout -m" can be used to recreate the initial conflicted state
+  during conflict resolution.
+
+* "git cherry-pick" can also utilize rerere for conflict resolution.
+
+* "git clone" learned to be verbose with -v
+
+* "git commit --author=$name" can look up author name from existing
+  commits.
+
+* output from "git commit" has been reworded in a more concise and yet
+  more informative way.
+
+* "git count-objects" reports the on-disk footprint for packfiles and
+  their corresponding idx files.
+
+* "git daemon" learned --max-connections=<count> option.
+
+* "git daemon" exports REMOTE_ADDR to record client address, so that
+  spawned programs can act differently on it.
+
+* "git describe --tags" favours closer lightweight tags than farther
+  annotated tags now.
+
+* "git diff" learned to mimic --suppress-blank-empty from GNU diff via a
+  configuration option.
+
+* "git diff" learned to put more sensible hunk headers for Python,
+  HTML and ObjC contents.
+
+* "git diff" learned to vary the a/ vs b/ prefix depending on what are
+  being compared, controlled by diff.mnemonicprefix configuration.
+
+* "git diff" learned --dirstat-by-file to count changed files, not number
+  of lines, when summarizing the global picture.
+
+* "git diff" learned "textconv" filters --- a binary or hard-to-read
+  contents can be munged into human readable form and the difference
+  between the results of the conversion can be viewed (obviously this
+  cannot produce a patch that can be applied, so this is disabled in
+  format-patch among other things).
+
+* "--cached" option to "git diff has an easier to remember synonym "--staged",
+  to ask "what is the difference between the given commit and the
+  contents staged in the index?"
+
+* "git for-each-ref" learned "refname:short" token that gives an
+  unambiguously abbreviated refname.
+
+* Auto-numbering of the subject lines is the default for "git
+  format-patch" now.
+
+* "git grep" learned to accept -z similar to GNU grep.
+
+* "git help" learned to use GIT_MAN_VIEWER environment variable before
+  using "man" program.
+
+* "git imap-send" can optionally talk SSL.
+
+* "git index-pack" is more careful against disk corruption while
+  completing a thin pack.
+
+* "git log --check" and "git log --exit-code" passes their underlying diff
+  status with their exit status code.
+
+* "git log" learned --simplify-merges, a milder variant of --full-history;
+  "gitk --simplify-merges" is easier to view than with --full-history.
+
+* "git log" learned "--source" to show what ref each commit was reached
+  from.
+
+* "git log" also learned "--simplify-by-decoration" to show the
+  birds-eye-view of the topology of the history.
+
+* "git log --pretty=format:" learned "%d" format element that inserts
+  names of tags that point at the commit.
+
+* "git merge --squash" and "git merge --no-ff" into an unborn branch are
+  noticed as user errors.
+
+* "git merge -s $strategy" can use a custom built strategy if you have a
+  command "git-merge-$strategy" on your $PATH.
+
+* "git pull" (and "git fetch") can be told to operate "-v"erbosely or
+  "-q"uietly.
+
+* "git push" can be told to reject deletion of refs with receive.denyDeletes
+  configuration.
+
+* "git rebase" honours pre-rebase hook; use --no-verify to bypass it.
+
+* "git rebase -p" uses interactive rebase machinery now to preserve the merges.
+
+* "git reflog expire branch" can be used in place of "git reflog expire
+  refs/heads/branch".
+
+* "git remote show $remote" lists remote branches one-per-line now.
+
+* "git send-email" can be given revision range instead of files and
+  maildirs on the command line, and automatically runs format-patch to
+  generate patches for the given revision range.
+
+* "git submodule foreach" subcommand allows you to iterate over checked
+  out submodules.
+
+* "git submodule sync" subcommands allows you to update the origin URL
+  recorded in submodule directories from the toplevel .gitmodules file.
+
+* "git svn branch" can create new branches on the other end.
+
+* "gitweb" can use more saner PATH_INFO based URL.
+
+(internal)
+
+* "git hash-object" learned to lie about the path being hashed, so that
+  correct gitattributes processing can be done while hashing contents
+  stored in a temporary file.
+
+* various callers of git-merge-recursive avoid forking it as an external
+  process.
+
+* Git class defined in "Git.pm" can be subclasses a bit more easily.
+
+* We used to link GNU regex library as a compatibility layer for some
+  platforms, but it turns out it is not necessary on most of them.
+
+* Some path handling routines used fixed number of buffers used alternately
+  but depending on the call depth, this arrangement led to hard to track
+  bugs.  This issue is being addressed.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.6.0
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.0.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+* Porcelains implemented as shell scripts were utterly confused when you
+  entered to a subdirectory of a work tree from sideways, following a
+  symbolic link (this may need to be backported to older releases later).
+
+* Tracking symbolic links would work better on filesystems whose lstat()
+  returns incorrect st_size value for them.
+
+* "git add" and "git update-index" incorrectly allowed adding S/F when S
+  is a tracked symlink that points at a directory D that has a path F in
+  it (we still need to fix a similar nonsense when S is a submodule and F
+  is a path in it).
+
+* "git am" after stopping at a broken patch lost --whitespace, -C, -p and
+  --3way options given from the command line initially.
+
+* "git diff --stdin" used to take two trees on a line and compared them,
+  but we dropped support for such a use case long time ago.  This has
+  been resurrected.
+
+* "git filter-branch" failed to rewrite a tag name with slashes in it.
+
+* "git http-push" did not understand URI scheme other than opaquelocktoken
+  when acquiring a lock from the server (this may need to be backported to
+  older releases later).
+
+* After "git rebase -p" stopped with conflicts while replaying a merge,
+ "git rebase --continue" did not work (may need to be backported to older
+  releases).
+
+* "git revert" records relative to which parent a revert was made when
+  reverting a merge.  Together with new documentation that explains issues
+  around reverting a merge and merging from the updated branch later, this
+  hopefully will reduce user confusion (this may need to be backported to
+  older releases later).
+
+* "git rm --cached" used to allow an empty blob that was added earlier to
+  be removed without --force, even when the file in the work tree has
+  since been modified.
+
+* "git push --tags --all $there" failed with generic usage message without
+  telling saying these two options are incompatible.
+
+* "git log --author/--committer" match used to potentially match the
+  timestamp part, exposing internal implementation detail.  Also these did
+  not work with --fixed-strings match at all.
+
+* "gitweb" did not mark non-ASCII characters imported from external HTML fragments
+  correctly.
+
+--
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+O=v1.6.1-rc3-74-gf66bc5f
+echo O=$(git describe master)
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfa3641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+GIT v1.6.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.2
+------------------
+
+* .gitignore learned to handle backslash as a quoting mechanism for
+  comment introduction character "#".
+
+* timestamp output in --date=relative mode used to display timestamps that
+  are long time ago in the default mode; it now uses "N years M months
+  ago", and "N years ago".
+
+* git-add -i/-p now works with non-ASCII pathnames.
+
+* "git hash-object -w" did not read from the configuration file from the
+  correct .git directory.
+
+* git-send-email learned to correctly handle multiple Cc: addresses.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fafa998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+GIT v1.6.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.2.1
+--------------------
+
+* A longstanding confusing description of what --pickaxe option of
+  git-diff does has been clarified in the documentation.
+
+* "git-blame -S" did not quite work near the commits that were given
+  on the command line correctly.
+
+* "git diff --pickaxe-regexp" did not count overlapping matches
+  correctly.
+
+* "git diff" did not feed files in work-tree representation to external
+  diff and textconv.
+
+* "git-fetch" in a repository that was not cloned from anywhere said
+  it cannot find 'origin', which was hard to understand for new people.
+
+* "git-format-patch --numbered-files --stdout" did not have to die of
+  incompatible options; it now simply ignores --numbered-files as no files
+  are produced anyway.
+
+* "git-ls-files --deleted" did not work well with GIT_DIR&GIT_WORK_TREE.
+
+* "git-read-tree A B C..." without -m option has been broken for a long
+  time.
+
+* git-send-email ignored --in-reply-to when --no-thread was given.
+
+* 'git-submodule add' did not tolerate extra slashes and ./ in the path it
+  accepted from the command line; it now is more lenient.
+
+* git-svn misbehaved when the project contained a path that began with
+  two dashes.
+
+* import-zips script (in contrib) did not compute the common directory
+  prefix correctly.
+
+* miscompilation of negated enum constants by old gcc (2.9) affected the
+  codepaths to spawn subprocesses.
+
+Many small documentation updates are included as well.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d3c1ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+GIT v1.6.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.2.2
+--------------------
+
+* Setting an octal mode value to core.sharedrepository configuration to
+  restrict access to the repository to group members did not work as
+  advertised.
+
+* A fairly large and trivial memory leak while rev-list shows list of
+  reachable objects has been identified and plugged.
+
+* "git-commit --interactive" did not abort when underlying "git-add -i"
+  signaled a failure.
+
+* git-repack (invoked from git-gc) did not work as nicely as it should in
+  a repository that borrows objects from neighbours via alternates
+  mechanism especially when some packs are marked with the ".keep" flag
+  to prevent them from being repacked.
+
+Many small documentation updates are included as well.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4bf1d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+GIT v1.6.2.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.2.3
+--------------------
+
+* The configuration parser had a buffer overflow while parsing an overlong
+  value.
+
+* pruning reflog entries that are unreachable from the tip of the ref
+  during "git reflog prune" (hence "git gc") was very inefficient.
+
+* "git-add -p" lacked a way to say "q"uit to refuse staging any hunks for
+  the remaining paths.  You had to say "d" and then ^C.
+
+* "git-checkout <tree-ish> <submodule>" did not update the index entry at
+  the named path; it now does.
+
+* "git-fast-export" choked when seeing a tag that does not point at commit.
+
+* "git init" segfaulted when given an overlong template location via
+  the --template= option.
+
+* "git-ls-tree" and "git-diff-tree" used a pathspec correctly when
+  deciding to descend into a subdirectory but they did not match the
+  individual paths correctly.  This caused pathspecs "abc/d ab" to match
+  "abc/0" ("abc/d" made them decide to descend into the directory "abc/",
+  and then "ab" incorrectly matched "abc/0" when it shouldn't).
+
+* "git-merge-recursive" was broken when a submodule entry was involved in
+  a criss-cross merge situation.
+
+Many small documentation updates are included as well.
+
+---
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+echo O=$(git describe maint)
+O=v1.6.2.3-38-g318b847
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b23f9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+GIT v1.6.2.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.2.4
+--------------------
+
+* "git apply" mishandled if you fed a git generated patch that renames
+  file A to B and file B to A at the same time.
+
+* "git diff -c -p" (and "diff --cc") did not expect to see submodule
+  differences and instead refused to work.
+
+* "git grep -e '('" segfaulted, instead of diagnosing a mismatched
+  parentheses error.
+
+* "git fetch" generated packs with offset-delta encoding when both ends of
+  the connection are capable of producing one; this cannot be read by
+  ancient git and the user should be able to disable this by setting
+  repack.usedeltabaseoffset configuration to false.
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad060f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+GIT v1.6.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+With the next major release, "git push" into a branch that is
+currently checked out will be refused by default.  You can choose
+what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration
+variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving repository.
+
+To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
+push running this release will issue a big warning when the
+configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
+
+  http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
+  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+
+for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
+transition plan.
+
+For a similar reason, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch
+$killed in a remote repository $there, if $killed branch is the current
+branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning.  You can choose what
+should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable
+receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository.
+
+
+Updates since v1.6.1
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+* git-svn updates.
+
+* gitweb updates, including a new patch view and RSS/Atom feed
+  improvements.
+
+* (contrib/emacs) git.el now has commands for checking out a branch,
+  creating a branch, cherry-picking and reverting commits; vc-git.el
+  is not shipped with git anymore (it is part of official Emacs).
+
+(performance)
+
+* pack-objects autodetects the number of CPUs available and uses threaded
+  version.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+* automatic typo correction works on aliases as well
+
+* @{-1} is a way to refer to the last branch you were on.  This is
+  accepted not only where an object name is expected, but anywhere
+  a branch name is expected and acts as if you typed the branch name.
+  E.g. "git branch --track mybranch @{-1}", "git merge @{-1}", and
+  "git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{-1}" would work as expected.
+
+* When refs/remotes/origin/HEAD points at a remote tracking branch that
+  has been pruned away, many git operations issued warning when they
+  internally enumerated the refs.  We now warn only when you say "origin"
+  to refer to that pruned branch.
+
+* The location of .mailmap file can be configured, and its file format was
+  enhanced to allow mapping an incorrect e-mail field as well.
+
+* "git add -p" learned 'g'oto action to jump directly to a hunk.
+
+* "git add -p" learned to find a hunk with given text with '/'.
+
+* "git add -p" optionally can be told to work with just the command letter
+  without Enter.
+
+* when "git am" stops upon a patch that does not apply, it shows the
+  title of the offending patch.
+
+* "git am --directory=<dir>" and "git am --reject" passes these options
+  to underlying "git apply".
+
+* "git am" learned --ignore-date option.
+
+* "git blame" aligns author names better when they are spelled in
+  non US-ASCII encoding.
+
+* "git clone" now makes its best effort when cloning from an empty
+  repository to set up configuration variables to refer to the remote
+  repository.
+
+* "git checkout -" is a shorthand for "git checkout @{-1}".
+
+* "git cherry" defaults to whatever the current branch is tracking (if
+  exists) when the <upstream> argument is not given.
+
+* "git cvsserver" can be told not to add extra "via git-CVS emulator" to
+  the commit log message it serves via gitcvs.commitmsgannotation
+  configuration.
+
+* "git cvsserver" learned to handle 'noop' command some CVS clients seem
+  to expect to work.
+
+* "git diff" learned a new option --inter-hunk-context to coalesce close
+  hunks together and show context between them.
+
+* The definition of what constitutes a word for "git diff --color-words"
+  can be customized via gitattributes, command line or a configuration.
+
+* "git diff" learned --patience to run "patience diff" algorithm.
+
+* "git filter-branch" learned --prune-empty option that discards commits
+  that do not change the contents.
+
+* "git fsck" now checks loose objects in alternate object stores, instead
+  of misreporting them as missing.
+
+* "git gc --prune" was resurrected to allow "git gc --no-prune" and
+  giving non-default expiration period e.g. "git gc --prune=now".
+
+* "git grep -w" and "git grep" for fixed strings have been optimized.
+
+* "git mergetool" learned -y(--no-prompt) option to disable prompting.
+
+* "git rebase -i" can transplant a history down to root to elsewhere
+  with --root option.
+
+* "git reset --merge" is a new mode that works similar to the way
+  "git checkout" switches branches, taking the local changes while
+  switching to another commit.
+
+* "git submodule update" learned --no-fetch option.
+
+* "git tag" learned --contains that works the same way as the same option
+  from "git branch".
+
+
+Fixes since v1.6.1
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.1.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
+v1.6.1.X series.
+
+* "git-add sub/file" when sub is a submodule incorrectly added the path to
+  the superproject.
+
+* "git bundle" did not exclude annotated tags even when a range given
+  from the command line wanted to.
+
+* "git filter-branch" unnecessarily refused to work when you had
+  checked out a different commit from what is recorded in the superproject
+  index in a submodule.
+
+* "git filter-branch" incorrectly tried to update a nonexistent work tree
+  at the end when it is run in a bare repository.
+
+* "git gc" did not work if your repository was created with an ancient git
+  and never had any pack files in it before.
+
+* "git mergetool" used to ignore autocrlf and other attributes
+  based content rewriting.
+
+* branch switching and merges had a silly bug that did not validate
+  the correct directory when making sure an existing subdirectory is
+  clean.
+
+* "git -p cmd" when cmd is not a built-in one left the display in funny state
+  when killed in the middle.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2400b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+GIT v1.6.3.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.3
+------------------
+
+* "git checkout -b new-branch" with a staged change in the index
+  incorrectly primed the in-index cache-tree, resulting a wrong tree
+  object to be written out of the index.  This is a grave regression
+  since the last 1.6.2.X maintenance release.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2f3f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+GIT v1.6.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * A few codepaths picked up the first few bytes from an sha1[] by
+   casting the (char *) pointer to (int *); GCC 4.4 did not like this,
+   and aborted compilation.
+
+ * Some unlink(2) failures went undiagnosed.
+
+ * The "recursive" merge strategy misbehaved when faced rename/delete
+   conflicts while coming up with an intermediate merge base.
+
+ * The low-level merge algorithm did not handle a degenerate case of
+   merging a file with itself using itself as the common ancestor
+   gracefully.  It should produce the file itself, but instead
+   produced an empty result.
+
+ * GIT_TRACE mechanism segfaulted when tracing a shell-quoted aliases.
+
+ * OpenBSD also uses st_ctimspec in "struct stat", instead of "st_ctim".
+
+ * With NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS, "make install" can be told not to
+   create hardlinks between $(gitexecdir)/git-$builtin_commands and
+   $(bindir)/git.
+
+ * command completion code in bash did not reliably detect that we are
+   in a bare repository.
+
+ * "git add ." in an empty directory complained that pathspec "." did not
+   match anything, which may be technically correct, but not useful.  We
+   silently make it a no-op now.
+
+ * "git add -p" (and "patch" action in "git add -i") was broken when
+   the first hunk that adds a line at the top was split into two and
+   both halves are marked to be used.
+
+ * "git blame path" misbehaved at the commit where path became file
+   from a directory with some files in it.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" had a segfaulting bug when dealing with a tag object
+   created by an ancient git.
+
+ * "git format-patch -k" still added patch numbers if format.numbered
+   configuration was set.
+
+ * "git grep --color ''" did not terminate.  The command also had
+   subtle bugs with its -w option.
+
+ * http-push had a small use-after-free bug.
+
+ * "git push" was converting OFS_DELTA pack representation into less
+   efficient REF_DELTA representation unconditionally upon transfer,
+   making the transferred data unnecessarily larger.
+
+ * "git remote show origin" segfaulted when origin was still empty.
+
+Many other general usability updates around help text, diagnostic messages
+and documentation are included as well.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c28398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+GIT v1.6.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git archive" running on Cygwin can get stuck in an infinite loop.
+
+ * "git daemon" did not correctly parse the initial line that carries
+   virtual host request information.
+
+ * "git diff --textconv" leaked memory badly when the textconv filter
+   errored out.
+
+ * The built-in regular expressions to pick function names to put on
+   hunk header lines for java and objc were very inefficiently written.
+
+ * in certain error situations git-fetch (and git-clone) on Windows didn't
+   detect connection abort and ended up waiting indefinitely.
+
+ * import-tars script (in contrib) did not import symbolic links correctly.
+
+ * http.c used CURLOPT_SSLKEY even on libcURL version 7.9.2, even though
+   it was only available starting 7.9.3.
+
+ * low-level filelevel merge driver used return value from strdup()
+   without checking if we ran out of memory.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" left stray closing parenthesis in its reflog message.
+
+ * "git remote show" did not show all the URLs associated with the named
+   remote, even though "git remote -v" did.  Made them consistent by
+   making the former show all URLs.
+
+ * "whitespace" attribute that is set was meant to detect all errors known
+   to git, but it told git to ignore trailing carriage-returns.
+
+Includes other documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad461b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+GIT v1.6.3.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.3.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git add --no-ignore-errors" did not override configured
+   add.ignore-errors configuration.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" did not fix trailing whitespace on an
+   incomplete line.
+
+ * "git branch" opened too many commit objects unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git checkout -f $commit" with a path that is a file (or a symlink) in
+   the work tree to a commit that has a directory at the path issued an
+   unnecessary error message.
+
+ * "git diff -c/--cc" was very inefficient in coalescing the removed lines
+   shared between parents.
+
+ * "git diff -c/--cc" showed removed lines at the beginning of a file
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * "git remote show nickname" did not honor configured
+   remote.nickname.uploadpack when inspecting the branches at the remote.
+
+ * "git request-pull" when talking to the terminal for a preview
+   showed some of the output in the pager.
+
+ * "git request-pull start nickname [end]" did not honor configured
+   remote.nickname.uploadpack when it ran git-ls-remote against the remote
+   repository to learn the current tip of branches.
+
+Includes other documentation updates and minor fixes.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..418c685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+GIT v1.6.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+With the next major release, "git push" into a branch that is
+currently checked out will be refused by default.  You can choose
+what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration
+variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving repository.
+
+To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
+push running this release will issue a big warning when the
+configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
+
+  http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
+  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+
+for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
+transition plan.
+
+For a similar reason, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch
+$killed in a remote repository $there, if $killed branch is the current
+branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning.  You can choose what
+should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable
+receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository.
+
+When the user does not tell "git push" what to push, it has always
+pushed matching refs.  For some people it is unexpected, and a new
+configuration variable push.default has been introduced to allow
+changing a different default behaviour.  To advertise the new feature,
+a big warning is issued if this is not configured and a git push without
+arguments is attempted.
+
+
+Updates since v1.6.2
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+* various git-svn updates.
+
+* git-gui updates, including an update to Russian translation, and a
+  fix to an infinite loop when showing an empty diff.
+
+* gitk updates, including an update to Russian translation and improved Windows
+  support.
+
+(performance)
+
+* many uses of lstat(2) in the codepath for "git checkout" have been
+  optimized out.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+* Boolean configuration variable yes/no can be written as on/off.
+
+* rsync:/path/to/repo can be used to run git over rsync for local
+  repositories.  It may not be useful in practice; meant primarily for
+  testing.
+
+* http transport learned to prompt and use password when fetching from or
+  pushing to http://user@host.xz/ URL.
+
+* (msysgit) progress output that is sent over the sideband protocol can
+  be handled appropriately in Windows console.
+
+* "--pretty=<style>" option to the log family of commands can now be
+  spelled as "--format=<style>".  In addition, --format=%formatstring
+  is a short-hand for --pretty=tformat:%formatstring.
+
+* "--oneline" is a synonym for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit".
+
+* "--graph" to the "git log" family can draw the commit ancestry graph
+  in colors.
+
+* If you realize that you botched the patch when you are editing hunks
+  with the 'edit' action in git-add -i/-p, you can abort the editor to
+  tell git not to apply it.
+
+* @{-1} is a new way to refer to the last branch you were on introduced in
+  1.6.2, but the initial implementation did not teach this to a few
+  commands.  Now the syntax works with "branch -m @{-1} newname".
+
+* git-archive learned --output=<file> option.
+
+* git-archive takes attributes from the tree being archived; strictly
+  speaking, this is an incompatible behaviour change, but is a good one.
+  Use --worktree-attributes option to allow it to read attributes from
+  the work tree as before (deprecated git-tar tree command always reads
+  attributes from the work tree).
+
+* git-bisect shows not just the number of remaining commits whose goodness
+  is unknown, but also shows the estimated number of remaining rounds.
+
+* You can give --date=<format> option to git-blame.
+
+* "git-branch -r" shows HEAD symref that points at a remote branch in
+  interest of each tracked remote repository.
+
+* "git-branch -v -v" is a new way to get list of names for branches and the
+  "upstream" branch for them.
+
+* git-config learned -e option to open an editor to edit the config file
+  directly.
+
+* git-clone runs post-checkout hook when run without --no-checkout.
+
+* git-difftool is now part of the officially supported command, primarily
+  maintained by David Aguilar.
+
+* git-for-each-ref learned a new "upstream" token.
+
+* git-format-patch can be told to use attachment with a new configuration,
+  format.attach.
+
+* git-format-patch can be told to produce deep or shallow message threads.
+
+* git-format-patch can be told to always add sign-off with a configuration
+  variable.
+
+* git-format-patch learned format.headers configuration to add extra
+  header fields to the output.  This behaviour is similar to the existing
+  --add-header=<header> option of the command.
+
+* git-format-patch gives human readable names to the attached files, when
+  told to send patches as attachments.
+
+* git-grep learned to highlight the found substrings in color.
+
+* git-imap-send learned to work around Thunderbird's inability to easily
+  disable format=flowed with a new configuration, imap.preformattedHTML.
+
+* git-rebase can be told to rebase the series even if your branch is a
+  descendant of the commit you are rebasing onto with --force-rebase
+  option.
+
+* git-rebase can be told to report diffstat with the --stat option.
+
+* Output from git-remote command has been vastly improved.
+
+* "git remote update --prune $remote" updates from the named remote and
+  then prunes stale tracking branches.
+
+* git-send-email learned --confirm option to review the Cc: list before
+  sending the messages out.
+
+(developers)
+
+* Test scripts can be run under valgrind.
+
+* Test scripts can be run with installed git.
+
+* Makefile learned 'coverage' option to run the test suites with
+  coverage tracking enabled.
+
+* Building the manpages with docbook-xsl between 1.69.1 and 1.71.1 now
+  requires setting DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP to work around a docbook-xsl bug.
+  This workaround used to be enabled by default, but causes problems
+  with newer versions of docbook-xsl.  In addition, there are a few more
+  knobs you can tweak to work around issues with various versions of the
+  docbook-xsl package.  See comments in Documentation/Makefile for details.
+
+* Support for building and testing a subset of git on a system without a
+  working perl has been improved.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.6.2
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.2.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
+v1.6.2.X series.
+
+* "git-apply" rejected a patch that swaps two files (i.e. renames A to B
+  and B to A at the same time).  May need to be backported by cherry
+  picking d8c81df and then 7fac0ee).
+
+* The initial checkout did not read the attributes from the .gitattribute
+  file that is being checked out.
+
+* git-gc spent excessive amount of time to decide if an object appears
+  in a locally existing pack (if needed, backport by merging 69e020a).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e439e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+GIT v1.6.4.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.4
+------------------
+
+ * An unquoted value in the configuration file, when it contains more than
+   one whitespaces in a row, got them replaced with a single space.
+
+ * "git am" used to accept a single piece of e-mail per file (not a mbox)
+   as its input, but multiple input format support in v1.6.4 broke it.
+   Apparently many people have been depending on this feature.
+
+ * The short help text for "git filter-branch" command was a single long
+   line, wrapped by terminals, and was hard to read.
+
+ * The "recursive" strategy of "git merge" segfaulted when a merge has
+   more than one merge-bases, and merging of these merge-bases involves
+   a rename/rename or a rename/add conflict.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not use the right fork point when the
+   repository has already fetched from the upstream that rewinds the
+   branch it is based on in an earlier fetch.
+
+ * Explain the concept of fast-forward more fully in "git push"
+   documentation, and hint to refer to it from an error message when the
+   command refuses an update to protect the user.
+
+ * The default value for pack.deltacachesize, used by "git repack", is now
+   256M, instead of unbounded.  Otherwise a repack of a moderately sized
+   repository would needlessly eat into swap.
+
+ * Document how "git repack" (hence "git gc") interacts with a repository
+   that borrows its objects from other repositories (e.g. ones created by
+   "git clone -s").
+
+ * "git show" on an annotated tag lacked a delimiting blank line between
+   the tag itself and the contents of the object it tags.
+
+ * "git verify-pack -v" erroneously reported number of objects with too
+   deep delta depths as "chain length 0" objects.
+
+ * Long names of authors and committers outside US-ASCII were sometimes
+   incorrectly shown in "gitweb".
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c11ec01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+GIT v1.6.4.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.4.1
+--------------------
+
+* --date=relative output between 1 and 5 years ago rounded the number of
+    years when saying X years Y months ago, instead of rounding it down.
+
+* "git add -p" did not handle changes in executable bits correctly
+  (a regression around 1.6.3).
+
+* "git apply" did not honor GNU diff's convention to mark the creation/deletion
+  event with UNIX epoch timestamp on missing side.
+
+* "git checkout" incorrectly removed files in a directory pointed by a
+  symbolic link during a branch switch that replaces a directory with
+  a symbolic link.
+
+* "git clean -d -f" happily descended into a subdirectory that is managed by a
+  separate git repository.  It now requires two -f options for safety.
+
+* "git fetch/push" over http transports had two rather grave bugs.
+
+* "git format-patch --cover-letter" did not prepare the cover letter file
+  for use with non-ASCII strings when there are the series contributors with
+  non-ASCII names.
+
+* "git pull origin branch" and "git fetch origin && git merge origin/branch"
+  left different merge messages in the resulting commit.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f29bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+GIT v1.6.4.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.4.2
+--------------------
+
+* "git clone" from an empty repository gave unnecessary error message,
+  even though it did everything else correctly.
+
+* "git cvsserver" invoked git commands via "git-foo" style, which has long
+  been deprecated.
+
+* "git fetch" and "git clone" had an extra sanity check to verify the
+  presense of the corresponding *.pack file before downloading *.idx
+  file by issuing a HEAD request.  Github server however sometimes
+  gave 500 (Internal server error) response to HEAD even if a GET
+  request for *.pack file to the same URL would have succeeded, and broke
+  clone over HTTP from some of their repositories.  As a workaround, this
+  verification has been removed (as it is not absolutely necessary).
+
+* "git grep" did not like relative pathname to refer outside the current
+  directory when run from a subdirectory.
+
+* an error message from "git push" was formatted in a very ugly way.
+
+* "git svn" did not quote the subversion user name correctly when
+  running its author-prog helper program.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ead45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+GIT v1.6.4.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.4.4
+--------------------
+
+* The workaround for Github server that sometimes gave 500 (Internal server
+  error) response to HEAD requests in 1.6.4.3 introduced a regression that
+  caused re-fetching projects over http to segfault in certain cases due
+  to uninitialized pointer being freed.
+
+* "git pull" on an unborn branch used to consider anything in the work
+  tree and the index discardable.
+
+* "git diff -b/w" did not work well on the incomplete line at the end of
+  the file, due to an incorrect hashing of lines in the low-level xdiff
+  routines.
+
+* "git checkout-index --prefix=$somewhere" used to work when $somewhere is
+  a symbolic link to a directory elsewhere, but v1.6.4.2 broke it.
+
+* "git unpack-objects --strict", invoked when receive.fsckobjects
+  configuration is set in the receiving repository of "git push", did not
+  properly check the objects, especially the submodule links, it received.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a90441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+GIT v1.6.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+With the next major release, "git push" into a branch that is
+currently checked out will be refused by default.  You can choose
+what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration
+variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving repository.
+
+To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
+push running this release will issue a big warning when the
+configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
+
+  http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
+  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+
+for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
+transition plan.
+
+For a similar reason, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch
+$killed in a remote repository $there, if $killed branch is the current
+branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning.  You can choose what
+should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable
+receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository.
+
+
+Updates since v1.6.3
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+ * gitweb Perl style clean-up.
+
+ * git-svn updates, including a new --authors-prog option to map author
+   names by invoking an external program, 'git svn reset' to unwind
+   'git svn fetch', support for more than one branches, documenting
+   of the useful --minimize-url feature, new "git svn gc" command, etc.
+
+(portability)
+
+ * We feed iconv with "UTF-8" instead of "utf8"; the former is
+   understood more widely.  Similarly updated test scripts to use
+   encoding names more widely understood (e.g. use "ISO8859-1" instead
+   of "ISO-8859-1").
+
+ * Various portability fixes/workarounds for different vintages of
+   SunOS, IRIX, and Windows.
+
+ * Git-over-ssh transport on Windows supports PuTTY plink and TortoisePlink.
+
+(performance)
+
+ * Many repeated use of lstat() are optimized out in "checkout" codepath.
+
+ * git-status (and underlying git-diff-index --cached) are optimized
+   to take advantage of cache-tree information in the index.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+ * "git add --edit" lets users edit the whole patch text to fine-tune what
+   is added to the index.
+
+ * "git am" accepts StGIT series file as its input.
+
+ * "git bisect skip" skips to a more randomly chosen place in the hope
+   to avoid testing a commit that is too close to a commit that is
+   already known to be untestable.
+
+ * "git cvsexportcommit" learned -k option to stop CVS keywords expansion
+
+ * "git fast-export" learned to handle history simplification more
+   gracefully.
+
+ * "git fast-export" learned an option --tag-of-filtered-object to handle
+   dangling tags resulting from history simplification more usefully.
+
+ * "git grep" learned -p option to show the location of the match using the
+   same context hunk marker "git diff" uses.
+
+ * https transport can optionally be told that the used client
+   certificate is password protected, in which case it asks the
+   password only once.
+
+ * "git imap-send" is IPv6 aware.
+
+ * "git log --graph" draws graphs more compactly by using horizontal lines
+   when able.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" shows shorter refnames by stripping well-known
+   refs/* prefix.
+
+ * "git push $name" honors remote.$name.pushurl if present before
+   using remote.$name.url.  In other words, the URL used for fetching
+   and pushing can be different.
+
+ * "git send-email" understands quoted aliases in .mailrc files (might
+   have to be backported to 1.6.3.X).
+
+ * "git send-email" can fetch the sender address from the configuration
+   variable "sendmail.from" (and "sendmail.<identity>.from").
+
+ * "git show-branch" can color its output.
+
+ * "add" and "update" subcommands to "git submodule" learned --reference
+   option to use local clone with references.
+
+ * "git submodule update" learned --rebase option to update checked
+   out submodules by rebasing the local changes.
+
+ * "gitweb" can optionally use gravatar to adorn author/committer names.
+
+(developers)
+
+ * A major part of the "git bisect" wrapper has moved to C.
+
+ * Formatting with the new version of AsciiDoc 8.4.1 is now supported.
+
+Fixes since v1.6.3
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.3.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
+v1.6.3.X series.
+
+ * "git diff-tree -r -t" used to omit new or removed directories from
+   the output.  df533f3 (diff-tree -r -t: include added/removed
+   directories in the output, 2009-06-13) may need to be cherry-picked
+   to backport this fix.
+
+ * The way Git.pm sets up a Repository object was not friendly to callers
+   that chdir around.  It now internally records the repository location
+   as an absolute path when autodetected.
+
+ * Removing a section with "git config --remove-section", when its
+   section header has a variable definition on the same line, lost
+   that variable definition.
+
+ * "git rebase -p --onto" used to always leave side branches of a merge
+   intact, even when both branches are subject to rewriting.
+
+ * "git repack" used to faithfully follow grafts and considered true
+   parents recorded in the commit object unreachable from the commit.
+   After such a repacking, you cannot remove grafts without corrupting
+   the repository.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not detect erroneous loops in alias expansion.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..309ba18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+GIT v1.6.5.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5
+------------------
+
+ * An corrupt pack could make codepath to read objects into an
+   infinite loop.
+
+ * Download throughput display was always shown in KiB/s but on fast links
+   it is more appropriate to show it in MiB/s.
+
+ * "git grep -f filename" used uninitialized variable and segfaulted.
+
+ * "git clone -b branch" gave a wrong commit object name to post-checkout
+   hook.
+
+ * "git pull" over http did not work on msys.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa7ccce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+GIT v1.6.5.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Installation of templates triggered a bug in busybox when using tar
+   implementation from it.
+
+ * "git add -i" incorrectly ignored paths that are already in the index
+   if they matched .gitignore patterns.
+
+ * "git describe --always" should have produced some output even there
+   were no tags in the repository, but it didn't.
+
+ * "git ls-files" when showing tracked files incorrectly paid attention
+   to the exclude patterns.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2fad1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+Git v1.6.5.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.2
+--------------------
+
+ * info/grafts file didn't ignore trailing CR at the end of lines.
+
+ * Packages generated on newer FC were unreadable by older versions of
+   RPM as the new default is to use stronger hash.
+
+ * output from "git blame" was unreadable when the file ended in an
+   incomplete line.
+
+ * "git add -i/-p" didn't handle deletion of empty files correctly.
+
+ * "git clone" takes up to two parameters, but did not complain when
+   given more arguments than necessary and silently ignored them.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" did not read files given as command line arguments
+   correctly when it is run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git diff --color-words -U0" didn't work correctly.
+
+ * The handling of blank lines at the end of file by "git diff/apply
+   --whitespace" was inconsistent with the other kinds of errors.
+   They are now colored, warned against, and fixed the same way as others.
+
+ * There was no way to allow blank lines at the end of file without
+   allowing extra blanks at the end of lines.  You can use blank-at-eof
+   and blank-at-eol whitespace error class to specify them separately.
+   The old trailing-space error class is now a short-hand to set both.
+
+ * "-p" option to "git format-patch" was supposed to suppress diffstat
+   generation, but it was broken since 1.6.1.
+
+ * "git imap-send" did not compile cleanly with newer OpenSSL.
+
+ * "git help -a" outside of a git repository was broken.
+
+ * "git ls-files -i" was supposed to be inverse of "git ls-files" without -i
+   with respect to exclude patterns, but it was broken since 1.6.5.2.
+
+ * "git ls-remote" outside of a git repository over http was broken.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" gave bogus error message when the command word was
+   misspelled.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" that is run in response to "git push" did not run
+   garbage collection nor update-server-info, but in larger hosting sites,
+   these almost always need to be run.  To help site administrators, the
+   command now runs "gc --auto" and "u-s-i" by setting receive.autogc
+   and receive.updateserverinfo configuration variables, respectively.
+
+ * Release notes spelled the package name with incorrect capitalization.
+
+ * "gitweb" did not escape non-ascii characters correctly in the URL.
+
+ * "gitweb" showed "patch" link even for merge commits.
+
+ * "gitweb" showed incorrect links for blob line numbers in pathinfo mode.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e42f8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Git v1.6.5.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git help" (without argument) used to check if you are in a directory
+   under git control. There was no breakage in behaviour per-se, but this
+   was unnecessary.
+
+ * "git prune-packed" gave progress output even when its standard error is
+   not connected to a terminal; this caused cron jobs that run it to
+   produce crufts.
+
+ * "git pack-objects --all-progress" is an option to ask progress output
+   from write-object phase _if_ progress output were to be produced, and
+   shouldn't have forced the progress output.
+
+ * "git apply -p<n> --directory=<elsewhere>" did not work well for a
+   non-default value of n.
+
+ * "git merge foo HEAD" was misparsed as an old-style invocation of the
+   command and produced a confusing error message.  As it does not specify
+   any other branch to merge, it shouldn't be mistaken as such.  We will
+   remove the old style "git merge <message> HEAD <commit>..."  syntax in
+   future versions, but not in this release,
+
+ * "git merge -m <message> <branch>..." added the standard merge message
+   on its own after user-supplied message, which should have overrided the
+   standard one.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecfc57d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Git v1.6.5.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Manual pages can be formatted with older xmlto again.
+
+ * GREP_OPTIONS exported from user's environment could have broken
+   our scripted commands.
+
+ * In configuration files, a few variables that name paths can begin with
+   ~/ and ~username/ and they are expanded as expected.  This is not a
+   bugfix but 1.6.6 will have this and without backporting users cannot
+   easily use the same ~/.gitconfig across versions.
+
+ * "git diff -B -M" did the same computation to hash lines of contents
+   twice, and held onto memory after it has used the data in it
+   unnecessarily before it freed.
+
+ * "git diff -B" and "git diff --dirstat" was not counting newly added
+   contents correctly.
+
+ * "git format-patch revisions... -- path" issued an incorrect error
+   message that suggested to use "--" on the command line when path
+   does not exist in the current work tree (it is a separate matter if
+   it makes sense to limit format-patch with pathspecs like that
+   without using the --full-diff option).
+
+ * "git grep -F -i StRiNg" did not work as expected.
+
+ * Enumeration of available merge strategies iterated over the list of
+   commands in a wrong way, sometimes producing an incorrect result.
+
+ * "git shortlog" did not honor the "encoding" header embedded in the
+   commit object like "git log" did.
+
+ * Reading progress messages that come from the remote side while running
+   "git pull" is given precedence over reading the actual pack data to
+   prevent garbled progress message on the user's terminal.
+
+ * "git rebase" got confused when the log message began with certain
+   strings that looked like Subject:, Date: or From: header.
+
+ * "git reset" accidentally run in .git/ directory checked out the
+   work tree contents in there.
+
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9eaf76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git v1.6.5.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.5
+--------------------
+
+ * "git add -p" had a regression since v1.6.5.3 that broke deletion of
+   non-empty files.
+
+ * "git archive -o o.zip -- Makefile" produced an archive in o.zip
+   but in POSIX tar format.
+
+ * Error message given to "git pull --rebase" when the user didn't give
+   enough clue as to what branch to integrate with still talked about
+   "merging with" the branch.
+
+ * Error messages given by "git merge" when the merge resulted in a
+   fast-forward still were in plumbing lingo, even though in v1.6.5
+   we reworded messages in other cases.
+
+ * The post-upload-hook run by upload-pack in response to "git fetch" has
+   been removed, due to security concerns (the hook first appeared in
+   1.6.5).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b49ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.6.5.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.6
+--------------------
+
+* If a user specifies a color for a <slot> (i.e. a class of things to show
+  in a particular color) that is known only by newer versions of git
+  (e.g. "color.diff.func" was recently added for upcoming 1.6.6 release),
+  an older version of git should just ignore them.  Instead we diagnosed
+  it as an error.
+
+* With help.autocorrect set to non-zero value, the logic to guess typoes
+  in the subcommand name misfired and ran a random nonsense command.
+
+* If a command is run with an absolute path as a pathspec inside a bare
+  repository, e.g. "rev-list HEAD -- /home", the code tried to run
+  strlen() on NULL, which is the result of get_git_work_tree(), and
+  segfaulted.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b24beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Git v1.6.5.8 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5.7
+--------------------
+
+* "git count-objects" did not handle packfiles that are bigger than 4G on
+  platforms with 32-bit off_t.
+
+* "git rebase -i" did not abort cleanly if it failed to launch the editor.
+
+* "git blame" did not work well when commit lacked the author name.
+
+* "git fast-import" choked when handling a tag that points at an object
+  that is not a commit.
+
+* "git reset --hard" did not work correctly when GIT_WORK_TREE environment
+  variable is used to point at the root of the true work tree.
+
+* "git grep" fed a buffer that is not NUL-terminated to underlying
+  regexec().
+
+* "git checkout -m other" while on a branch that does not have any commit
+  segfaulted, instead of failing.
+
+* "git branch -a other" should have diagnosed the command as an error.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are also included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee141c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+GIT v1.6.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+In git 1.7.0, which was planned to be the release after 1.6.5, "git
+push" into a branch that is currently checked out will be refused by
+default.
+
+You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the
+configuration variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving
+repository.
+
+Also, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed in a remote
+repository $there, when $killed branch is the current branch pointed at by
+its HEAD, will be refused by default.
+
+You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the
+configuration variable receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving
+repository.
+
+To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
+push running this release will issue a big warning when the
+configuration variable is missing.  Please refer to:
+
+  http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
+  http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+
+for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
+transition plan.
+
+Updates since v1.6.4
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+ * various updates to gitk, git-svn and gitweb.
+
+(portability)
+
+ * more improvements on mingw port.
+
+ * mingw will also give FRSX as the default value for the LESS
+   environment variable when the user does not have one.
+
+ * initial support to compile git on Windows with MSVC.
+
+(performance)
+
+ * On major platforms, the system can be compiled to use with Linus's
+   block-sha1 implementation of the SHA-1 hash algorithm, which
+   outperforms the default fallback implementation we borrowed from
+   Mozilla.
+
+ * Unnecessary inefficiency in deepening of a shallow repository has
+   been removed.
+
+ * "git clone" does not grab objects that it does not need (i.e.
+   referenced only from refs outside refs/heads and refs/tags
+   hierarchy) anymore.
+
+ * The "git" main binary used to link with libcurl, which then dragged
+   in a large number of external libraries.  When using basic plumbing
+   commands in scripts, this unnecessarily slowed things down.  We now
+   implement http/https/ftp transfer as a separate executable as we
+   used to.
+
+ * "git clone" run locally hardlinks or copies the files in .git/ to
+   newly created repository.  It used to give new mtime to copied files,
+   but this delayed garbage collection to trigger unnecessarily in the
+   cloned repository.  We now preserve mtime for these files to avoid
+   this issue.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+ * Human writable date format to various options, e.g. --since=yesterday,
+   master@{2000.09.17}, are taught to infer some omitted input properly.
+
+ * A few programs gave verbose "advice" messages to help uninitiated
+   people when issuing error messages.  An infrastructure to allow
+   users to squelch them has been introduced, and a few such messages
+   can be silenced now.
+
+ * refs/replace/ hierarchy is designed to be usable as a replacement
+   of the "grafts" mechanism, with the added advantage that it can be
+   transferred across repositories.
+
+ * "git am" learned to optionally ignore whitespace differences.
+
+ * "git am" handles input e-mail files that has CRLF line endings sensibly.
+
+ * "git am" learned "--scissors" option to allow you to discard early part
+   of an incoming e-mail.
+
+ * "git archive -o output.zip" works without being told what format to
+   use with an explicit "--format=zip".option.
+
+ * "git checkout", "git reset" and "git stash" learned to pick and
+   choose to use selected changes you made, similar to "git add -p".
+
+ * "git clone" learned a "-b" option to pick a HEAD to check out
+   different from the remote's default branch.
+
+ * "git clone" learned --recursive option.
+
+ * "git clone" from a local repository on a different filesystem used to
+   copy individual object files without preserving the old timestamp, giving
+   them extra lifetime in the new repository until they gc'ed.
+
+ * "git commit --dry-run $args" is a new recommended way to ask "what would
+   happen if I try to commit with these arguments."
+
+ * "git commit --dry-run" and "git status" shows conflicted paths in a
+   separate section to make them easier to spot during a merge.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" now supports password-protected pserver access even
+   when the password is not taken from ~/.cvspass file.
+
+ * "git fast-export" learned --no-data option that can be useful when
+   reordering commits and trees without touching the contents of
+   blobs.
+
+ * "git fast-import" has a pair of new front-end in contrib/ area.
+
+ * "git init" learned to mkdir/chdir into a directory when given an
+   extra argument (i.e. "git init this").
+
+ * "git instaweb" optionally can use mongoose as the web server.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" can optionally be told with --decorate=full to
+   give the reference name in full.
+
+ * "git merge" issued an unnecessarily scary message when it detected
+   that the merge may have to touch the path that the user has local
+   uncommitted changes to. The message has been reworded to make it
+   clear that the command aborted, without doing any harm.
+
+ * "git push" can be told to be --quiet.
+
+ * "git push" pays attention to url.$base.pushInsteadOf and uses a URL
+   that is derived from the URL used for fetching.
+
+ * informational output from "git reset" that lists the locally modified
+   paths is made consistent with that of "git checkout $another_branch".
+
+ * "git submodule" learned to give submodule name to scripts run with
+   "foreach" subcommand.
+
+ * various subcommands to "git submodule" learned --recursive option.
+
+ * "git submodule summary" learned --files option to compare the work
+   tree vs the commit bound at submodule path, instead of comparing
+   the index.
+
+ * "git upload-pack", which is the server side support for "git clone" and
+   "git fetch", can call a new post-upload-pack hook for statistics purposes.
+
+(developers)
+
+ * With GIT_TEST_OPTS="--root=/p/a/t/h", tests can be run outside the
+   source directory; using tmpfs may give faster turnaround.
+
+ * With NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER set, DESTDIR= is now honoured, so you can
+   build for one location, and install into another location to tar it
+   up.
+
+Fixes since v1.6.4
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.4.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1d0a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Git v1.6.6.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.6.6
+------------------
+
+ * "git blame" did not work well when commit lacked the author name.
+
+ * "git branch -a name" wasn't diagnosed as an error.
+
+ * "git count-objects" did not handle packfiles that are bigger than 4G on
+   platforms with 32-bit off_t.
+
+ * "git checkout -m other" while on a branch that does not have any commit
+   segfaulted, instead of failing.
+
+ * "git fast-import" choked when fed a tag that do not point at a
+   commit.
+
+ * "git grep" finding from work tree files could have fed garbage to
+   the underlying regexec(3).
+
+ * "git grep -L" didn't show empty files (they should never match, and
+   they should always appear in -L output as unmatching).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" did not abort cleanly if it failed to launch the editor.
+
+ * "git reset --hard" did not work correctly when GIT_WORK_TREE environment
+   variable is used to point at the root of the true work tree.
+
+ * http-backend was not listed in the command list in the documentation.
+
+ * Building on FreeBSD (both 7 and 8) needs OLD_ICONV set in the Makefile
+
+ * "git checkout -m some-branch" while on an unborn branch crashed.
+
+Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04e205c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+Git v1.6.6 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Notes on behaviour change
+-------------------------
+
+ * In this release, "git fsck" defaults to "git fsck --full" and
+   checks packfiles, and because of this it will take much longer to
+   complete than before.  If you prefer a quicker check only on loose
+   objects (the old default), you can say "git fsck --no-full".  This
+   has been supported by 1.5.4 and newer versions of git, so it is
+   safe to write it in your script even if you use slightly older git
+   on some of your machines.
+
+Preparing yourselves for compatibility issues in 1.7.0
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+In git 1.7.0, which is planned to be the release after 1.6.6, there will
+be a handful of behaviour changes that will break backward compatibility.
+
+These changes were discussed long time ago and existing behaviours have
+been identified as more problematic to the userbase than keeping them for
+the sake of backward compatibility.
+
+When necessary, a transition strategy for existing users has been designed
+not to force them running around setting configuration variables and
+updating their scripts in order to either keep the traditional behaviour
+or adjust to the new behaviour, on the day their sysadmin decides to install
+the new version of git.  When we switched from "git-foo" to "git foo" in
+1.6.0, even though the change had been advertised and the transition
+guide had been provided for a very long time, the users procrastinated
+during the entire transtion period, and ended up panicking on the day
+their sysadmins updated their git installation.  We are trying to avoid
+repeating that unpleasantness in the 1.7.0 release.
+
+For changes decided to be in 1.7.0, commands that will be affected
+have been much louder to strongly discourage such procrastination, and
+they continue to be in this release.  If you have been using recent
+versions of git, you would have seen warnings issued when you used
+features whose behaviour will change, with a clear instruction on how
+to keep the existing behaviour if you want to.  You hopefully are
+already well prepared.
+
+Of course, we have also been giving "this and that will change in
+1.7.0; prepare yourselves" warnings in the release notes and
+announcement messages for the past few releases.  Let's see how well
+users will fare this time.
+
+ * "git push" into a branch that is currently checked out (i.e. pointed by
+   HEAD in a repository that is not bare) will be refused by default.
+
+   Similarly, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed
+   in a remote repository $there, when $killed branch is the current
+   branch pointed at by its HEAD, will be refused by default.
+
+   Setting the configuration variables receive.denyCurrentBranch and
+   receive.denyDeleteCurrent to 'ignore' in the receiving repository
+   can be used to override these safety features.  Versions of git
+   since 1.6.2 have issued a loud warning when you tried to do these
+   operations without setting the configuration, so repositories of
+   people who still need to be able to perform such a push should
+   already have been future proofed.
+
+   Please refer to:
+
+   http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
+   http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+
+   for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
+   transition process that already took place so far.
+
+ * "git send-email" will not make deep threads by default when sending a
+   patch series with more than two messages.  All messages will be sent
+   as a reply to the first message, i.e. cover letter.  Git 1.6.6 (this
+   release) will issue a warning about the upcoming default change, when
+   it uses the traditional "deep threading" behaviour as the built-in
+   default.  To squelch the warning but still use the "deep threading"
+   behaviour, give --chain-reply-to option or set sendemail.chainreplyto
+   to true.
+
+   It has been possible to configure send-email to send "shallow thread"
+   by setting sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to false.
+   The only thing 1.7.0 release will do is to change the default when
+   you haven't configured that variable.
+
+ * "git status" will not be "git commit --dry-run".  This change does not
+   affect you if you run the command without pathspec.
+
+   Nobody sane found the current behaviour of "git status Makefile" useful
+   nor meaningful, and it confused users.  "git commit --dry-run" has been
+   provided as a way to get the current behaviour of this command since
+   1.6.5.
+
+ * "git diff" traditionally treated various "ignore whitespace" options
+   only as a way to filter the patch output.  "git diff --exit-code -b"
+   exited with non-zero status even if all changes were about changing the
+   ammount of whitespace and nothing else.  and "git diff -b" showed the
+   "diff --git" header line for such a change without patch text.
+
+   In 1.7.0, the "ignore whitespaces" will affect the semantics of the
+   diff operation itself.  A change that does not affect anything but
+   whitespaces will be reported with zero exit status when run with
+   --exit-code, and there will not be "diff --git" header for such a
+   change.
+
+
+Updates since v1.6.5
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+ * various gitk updates including use of themed widgets under Tk 8.5,
+   Japanese translation, a fix to a bug when running "gui blame" from
+   a subdirectory, etc.
+
+ * various git-gui updates including new translations, wm states fixes,
+   Tk bug workaround after quitting, improved heuristics to trigger gc,
+   etc.
+
+ * various git-svn updates.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http learned a new mode that is different from the
+   traditional "dumb commit walker".
+
+(portability)
+
+ * imap-send can be built on mingw port.
+
+(performance)
+
+ * "git diff -B" has smaller memory footprint.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+ * The object replace mechanism can be bypassed with --no-replace-objects
+   global option given to the "git" program.
+
+ * In configuration files, a few variables that name paths can begin with ~/
+   and ~username/ and they are expanded as expected.
+
+ * "git subcmd -h" now shows short usage help for many more subcommands.
+
+ * "git bisect reset" can reset to an arbitrary commit.
+
+ * "git checkout frotz" when there is no local branch "frotz" but there
+   is only one remote tracking branch "frotz" is taken as a request to
+   start the named branch at the corresponding remote tracking branch.
+
+ * "git commit -c/-C/--amend" can be told with a new "--reset-author" option
+   to ignore authorship information in the commit it is taking the message
+   from.
+
+ * "git describe" can be told to add "-dirty" suffix with "--dirty" option.
+
+ * "git diff" learned --submodule option to show a list of one-line logs
+   instead of differences between the commit object names.
+
+ * "git diff" learned to honor diff.color.func configuration to paint
+   function name hint printed on the hunk header "@@ -j,k +l,m @@" line
+   in the specified color.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned --all and --multiple options, to run fetch from
+   many repositories, and --prune option to remove remote tracking
+   branches that went stale.  These make "git remote update" and "git
+   remote prune" less necessary (there is no plan to remove "remote
+   update" nor "remote prune", though).
+
+ * "git fsck" by default checks the packfiles (i.e. "--full" is the
+   default); you can turn it off with "git fsck --no-full".
+
+ * "git grep" can use -F (fixed strings) and -i (ignore case) together.
+
+ * import-tars contributed fast-import frontend learned more types of
+   compressed tarballs.
+
+ * "git instaweb" knows how to talk with mod_cgid to apache2.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" shows the location of HEAD as well.
+
+ * "git log" and "git rev-list" learned to take revs and pathspecs from
+   the standard input with the new "--stdin" option.
+
+ * "--pretty=format" option to "log" family of commands learned:
+
+   . to wrap text with the "%w()" specifier.
+   . to show reflog information with "%g[sdD]" specifier.
+
+ * "git notes" command to annotate existing commits.
+
+ * "git merge" (and "git pull") learned --ff-only option to make it fail
+   if the merge does not result in a fast-forward.
+
+ * "git mergetool" learned to use p4merge.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned "reword" that acts like "edit" but immediately
+   starts an editor to tweak the log message without returning control to
+   the shell, which is done by "edit" to give an opportunity to tweak the
+   contents.
+
+ * "git send-email" can be told with "--envelope-sender=auto" to use the
+   same address as "From:" address as the envelope sender address.
+
+ * "git send-email" will issue a warning when it defaults to the
+   --chain-reply-to behaviour without being told by the user and
+   instructs to prepare for the change of the default in 1.7.0 release.
+
+ * In "git submodule add <repository> <path>", <path> is now optional and
+   inferred from <repository> the same way "git clone <repository>" does.
+
+ * "git svn" learned to read SVN 1.5+ and SVK merge tickets.
+
+ * "git svn" learned to recreate empty directories tracked only by SVN.
+
+ * "gitweb" can optionally render its "blame" output incrementally (this
+   requires JavaScript on the client side).
+
+ * Author names shown in gitweb output are links to search commits by the
+   author.
+
+Fixes since v1.6.5
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.5.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0897287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+Git v1.7.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Notes on behaviour change
+-------------------------
+
+ * "git push" into a branch that is currently checked out (i.e. pointed by
+   HEAD in a repository that is not bare) is refused by default.
+
+   Similarly, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed
+   in a remote repository $there, when $killed branch is the current
+   branch pointed at by its HEAD, will be refused by default.
+
+   Setting the configuration variables receive.denyCurrentBranch and
+   receive.denyDeleteCurrent to 'ignore' in the receiving repository
+   can be used to override these safety features.
+
+ * "git send-email" does not make deep threads by default when sending a
+   patch series with more than two messages.  All messages will be sent
+   as a reply to the first message, i.e. cover letter.
+
+   It has been possible to configure send-email to send "shallow thread"
+   by setting sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to false.  The
+   only thing this release does is to change the default when you haven't
+   configured that variable.
+
+ * "git status" is not "git commit --dry-run" anymore.  This change does
+   not affect you if you run the command without argument.
+
+ * "git diff" traditionally treated various "ignore whitespace" options
+   only as a way to filter the patch output.  "git diff --exit-code -b"
+   exited with non-zero status even if all changes were about changing the
+   ammount of whitespace and nothing else.  and "git diff -b" showed the
+   "diff --git" header line for such a change without patch text.
+
+   In this release, the "ignore whitespaces" options affect the semantics
+   of the diff operation.  A change that does not affect anything but
+   whitespaces is reported with zero exit status when run with
+   --exit-code, and there is no "diff --git" header for such a change.
+
+ * External diff and textconv helpers are now executed using the shell.
+   This makes them consistent with other programs executed by git, and
+   allows you to pass command-line parameters to the helpers. Any helper
+   paths containing spaces or other metacharacters now need to be
+   shell-quoted.  The affected helpers are GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF in the
+   environment, and diff.*.command and diff.*.textconv in the config
+   file.
+
+ * The --max-pack-size argument to 'git repack', 'git pack-objects', and
+   'git fast-import' was assuming the provided size to be expressed in MiB,
+   unlike the corresponding config variable and other similar options accepting
+   a size value.  It is now expecting a size expressed in bytes, with a possible
+   unit suffix of 'k', 'm', or 'g'.
+
+Updates since v1.6.6
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+ * "git fast-import" updates; adds "option" and "feature" to detect the
+   mismatch between fast-import and the frontends that produce the input
+   stream.
+
+ * "git svn" support of subversion "merge tickets" and miscellaneous fixes.
+
+ * "gitk" updates.
+
+ * "gitweb" updates (code clean-up, load checking etc.)
+
+(portability)
+
+ * Some more MSVC portability patches for msysgit port.
+
+ * Minimum Pthreads emulation for msysgit port.
+
+(performance)
+
+ * More performance improvement patches for msysgit port.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+ * More commands learned "--quiet" and "--[no-]progress" options.
+
+ * Various commands given by the end user (e.g. diff.type.textconv,
+   and GIT_EDITOR) can be specified with command line arguments.  E.g. it
+   is now possible to say "[diff "utf8doc"] textconv = nkf -w".
+
+ * "sparse checkout" feature allows only part of the work tree to be
+   checked out.
+
+ * HTTP transfer can use authentication scheme other than basic
+   (i.e./e.g. digest).
+
+ * Switching from a version of superproject that used to have a submodule
+   to another version of superproject that no longer has it did not remove
+   the submodule directory when it should (namely, when you are not
+   interested in the submodule at all and didn't clone/checkout).
+
+ * A new attribute conflict-marker-size can be used to change the size of
+   the conflict markers from the default 7; this is useful when tracked
+   contents (e.g. git-merge documentation) have strings that resemble the
+   conflict markers.
+
+ * A new syntax "<branch>@{upstream}" can be used on the command line to
+   substitute the name of the "upstream" of the branch.  Missing branch
+   defaults to the current branch, so "git fetch && git merge @{upstream}"
+   will be equivalent to "git pull".
+
+ * "git branch --set-upstream" can be used to update the (surprise!) upstream
+   i.e. where the branch is supposed to pull and merge from (or rebase onto).
+
+ * "git checkout A...B" is a way to detach HEAD at the merge base between
+   A and B.
+
+ * "git checkout -m path" to reset the work tree file back into the
+   conflicted state works even when you already ran "git add path" and
+   resolved the conflicts.
+
+ * "git commit --date='<date>'" can be used to override the author date
+   just like "git commit --author='<name> <email>'" can be used to
+   override the author identity.
+
+ * "git commit --no-status" can be used to omit the listing of the index
+   and the work tree status in the editor used to prepare the log message.
+
+ * "git commit" warns a bit more aggressively until you configure user.email,
+   whose default value almost always is not (and fundamentally cannot be)
+   what you want.
+
+ * "git difftool" has been extended to make it easier to integrate it
+   with gitk.
+
+ * "git fetch --all" can now be used in place of "git remote update".
+
+ * "git grep" does not rely on external grep anymore.  It can use more than
+   one threads to accelerate the operation.
+
+ * "git grep" learned "--quiet" option.
+
+ * "git log" and friends learned "--glob=heads/*" syntax that is a more
+   flexible way to complement "--branches/--tags/--remotes".
+
+ * "git merge" learned to pass options specific to strategy-backends.  E.g.
+
+    - "git merge -Xsubtree=path/to/directory" can be used to tell the subtree
+      strategy how much to shift the trees explicitly.
+
+    - "git merge -Xtheirs" can be used to auto-merge as much as possible,
+      while discarding your own changes and taking merged version in
+      conflicted regions.
+
+ * "git push" learned "git push origin --delete branch", a syntactic sugar
+   for "git push origin :branch".
+
+ * "git push" learned "git push --set-upstream origin forker:forkee" that
+   lets you configure your "forker" branch to later pull from "forkee"
+   branch at "origin".
+
+ * "git rebase --onto A...B" means the history is replayed on top of the
+   merge base between A and B.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned new action "fixup", that squashes the change
+   but does not affect existing log message.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" also learned --autosquash option, that is useful
+   together with the new "fixup" action.
+
+ * "git remote" learned set-url subcommand, to update (surprise!) url
+   for an existing remote nickname.
+
+ * "git rerere" learned "forget path" subcommand.  Together with "git
+   checkout -m path" it will be useful when you recorded a wrong
+   resolution.
+
+ * Use of "git reset --merge" has become easier when resetting away a
+   conflicted mess left in the work tree.
+
+ * "git rerere" had rerere.autoupdate configuration but there was no way
+   to countermand it from the command line; --no-rerere-autoupdate option
+   given to "merge", "revert", etc. fixes this.
+
+ * "git status" learned "-s(hort)" output format.
+
+(developers)
+
+ * The infrastructure to build foreign SCM interface has been updated.
+
+ * Many more commands are now built-in.
+
+ * THREADED_DELTA_SEARCH is no more.  If you build with threads, delta
+   compression will always take advantage of it.
+
+Fixes since v1.6.6
+------------------
+
+All of the fixes in v1.6.6.X maintenance series are included in this
+release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+ * "git branch -d branch" used to refuse deleting the branch even when
+   the branch is fully merged to its upstream branch if it is not merged
+   to the current branch.  It now deletes it in such a case.
+
+ * "git config -f <relative path>" run from a subdirectory misbehaved.
+   65807ee (builtin-config: Fix crash when using "-f <relative path>"
+   from non-root dir, 2010-01-26) may be merged to older maintenance
+   branches.
+
+ * "git fast-import" did not correctly handle large blobs that may
+   bust the pack size limit.
+
+ * When using "git status" or asking "git diff" to compare the work tree
+   with something, they used to consider that a checked-out submodule with
+   uncommitted changes is not modified; this could cause people to forget
+   committing these changes in the submodule before committing in the
+   superproject. They now consider such a change as a modification and
+   "git diff" will append a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating
+   patch output or when used with the --submodule option.
+
+--
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+O=v1.7.0-rc1-42-g3bd8de5
+echo O=$(git describe master)
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c686f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+Checklist (and a short version for the impatient):
+
+	Commits:
+
+	- make commits of logical units
+	- check for unnecessary whitespace with "git diff --check"
+	  before committing
+	- do not check in commented out code or unneeded files
+	- the first line of the commit message should be a short
+	  description and should skip the full stop
+	- the body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
+		- uses the imperative, present tense: "change",
+		  not "changed" or "changes".
+		- includes motivation for the change, and contrasts
+		  its implementation with previous behaviour
+	- if you want your work included in git.git, add a
+	  "Signed-off-by: Your Name <you@example.com>" line to the
+	  commit message (or just use the option "-s" when
+	  committing) to confirm that you agree to the Developer's
+	  Certificate of Origin
+	- make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing
+	- make sure that the test suite passes after your commit
+
+	Patch:
+
+	- use "git format-patch -M" to create the patch
+	- do not PGP sign your patch
+	- do not attach your patch, but read in the mail
+	  body, unless you cannot teach your mailer to
+	  leave the formatting of the patch alone.
+	- be careful doing cut & paste into your mailer, not to
+	  corrupt whitespaces.
+	- provide additional information (which is unsuitable for
+	  the commit message) between the "---" and the diffstat
+	- if you change, add, or remove a command line option or
+	  make some other user interface change, the associated
+	  documentation should be updated as well.
+	- if your name is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
+	  you send off a message in the correct encoding.
+	- send the patch to the list (git@vger.kernel.org) and the
+	  maintainer (gitster@pobox.com) if (and only if) the patch
+	  is ready for inclusion. If you use git-send-email(1),
+	  please test it first by sending email to yourself.
+
+Long version:
+
+I started reading over the SubmittingPatches document for Linux
+kernel, primarily because I wanted to have a document similar to
+it for the core GIT to make sure people understand what they are
+doing when they write "Signed-off-by" line.
+
+But the patch submission requirements are a lot more relaxed
+here on the technical/contents front, because the core GIT is
+thousand times smaller ;-).  So here is only the relevant bits.
+
+
+(1) Make separate commits for logically separate changes.
+
+Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending
+out a patch that was generated between your working tree and
+your commit head.  Instead, always make a commit with complete
+commit message and generate a series of patches from your
+repository.  It is a good discipline.
+
+Describe the technical detail of the change(s).
+
+If your description starts to get too long, that's a sign that you
+probably need to split up your commit to finer grained pieces.
+That being said, patches which plainly describe the things that
+help reviewers check the patch, and future maintainers understand
+the code, are the most beautiful patches.  Descriptions that summarise
+the point in the subject well, and describe the motivation for the
+change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this
+differs substantially from the prior version, can be found on Usenet
+archives back into the late 80's.  Consider it like good Netiquette,
+but for code.
+
+Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
+changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
+in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
+run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
+
+
+(1a) Try to be nice to older C compilers
+
+We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile
+git with. That means that you should not use C99 initializers, even
+if a lot of compilers grok it.
+
+Also, variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block
+(you can check this with gcc, using the -Wdeclaration-after-statement
+option).
+
+Another thing: NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+
+
+(2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
+
+git based diff tools (git, Cogito, and StGIT included) generate
+unidiff which is the preferred format.
+
+You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
+"git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames.  The
+receiving end can handle them just fine.
+
+Please make sure your patch does not include any extra files
+which do not belong in a patch submission.  Make sure to review
+your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy.  Before
+sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
+branch head.  If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
+that is fine, but please mark it as such.
+
+
+(3) Sending your patches.
+
+People on the git mailing list need to be able to read and
+comment on the changes you are submitting.  It is important for
+a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard
+e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of
+your code.  For this reason, all patches should be submitted
+"inline".  WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
+corrupting your patch.  Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can
+lose tabs that way if you are not careful.
+
+It is a common convention to prefix your subject line with
+[PATCH].  This lets people easily distinguish patches from other
+e-mail discussions.  Use of additional markers after PATCH and
+the closing bracket to mark the nature of the patch is also
+encouraged.  E.g. [PATCH/RFC] is often used when the patch is
+not ready to be applied but it is for discussion, [PATCH v2],
+[PATCH v3] etc. are often seen when you are sending an update to
+what you have previously sent.
+
+"git format-patch" command follows the best current practice to
+format the body of an e-mail message.  At the beginning of the
+patch should come your commit message, ending with the
+Signed-off-by: lines, and a line that consists of three dashes,
+followed by the diffstat information and the patch itself.  If
+you are forwarding a patch from somebody else, optionally, at
+the beginning of the e-mail message just before the commit
+message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person.
+
+You often want to add additional explanation about the patch,
+other than the commit message itself.  Place such "cover letter"
+material between the three dash lines and the diffstat.
+
+Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
+Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable.  Do not let
+your e-mail client send format=flowed which would destroy
+whitespaces in your patches. Many
+popular e-mail applications will not always transmit a MIME
+attachment as plain text, making it impossible to comment on
+your code.  A MIME attachment also takes a bit more time to
+process.  This does not decrease the likelihood of your
+MIME-attached change being accepted, but it makes it more likely
+that it will be postponed.
+
+Exception:  If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask
+you to re-send them using MIME, that is OK.
+
+Do not PGP sign your patch, at least for now.  Most likely, your
+maintainer or other people on the list would not have your PGP
+key and would not bother obtaining it anyway.  Your patch is not
+judged by who you are; a good patch from an unknown origin has a
+far better chance of being accepted than a patch from a known,
+respected origin that is done poorly or does incorrect things.
+
+If you really really really really want to do a PGP signed
+patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message
+that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'.  That is
+not a text/plain, it's something else.
+
+Note that your maintainer does not necessarily read everything
+on the git mailing list.  If your patch is for discussion first,
+send it "To:" the mailing list, and optionally "cc:" him.  If it
+is trivially correct or after the list reached a consensus, send
+it "To:" the maintainer and optionally "cc:" the list for
+inclusion.
+
+Also note that your maintainer does not actively involve himself in
+maintaining what are in contrib/ hierarchy.  When you send fixes and
+enhancements to them, do not forget to "cc: " the person who primarily
+worked on that hierarchy in contrib/.
+
+
+(4) Sign your work
+
+To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
+"sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
+that are being emailed around.  Although core GIT is a lot
+smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.
+
+The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for
+the patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have
+the right to pass it on as a open-source patch.  The rules are
+pretty simple: if you can certify the below:
+
+        Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+
+        By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+        (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+            have the right to submit it under the open source license
+            indicated in the file; or
+
+        (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+            of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+            license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+            work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+            by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+            permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+            in the file; or
+
+        (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+            person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
+            it.
+
+	(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+	    are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+	    personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+	    maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+	    this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+
+then you just add a line saying
+
+	Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
+
+This line can be automatically added by git if you run the git-commit
+command with the -s option.
+
+Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when
+forwarding somebody else's patch with the above rules for
+D-C-O.  Indeed you are encouraged to do so.  Do not forget to
+place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute
+the change to its true author (see (2) above).
+
+Also notice that a real name is used in the Signed-off-by: line. Please
+don't hide your real name.
+
+Some people also put extra tags at the end.
+
+"Acked-by:" says that the patch was reviewed by the person who
+is more familiar with the issues and the area the patch attempts
+to modify.  "Tested-by:" says the patch was tested by the person
+and found to have the desired effect.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+An ideal patch flow
+
+Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
+suggests to the contributors:
+
+ (0) You come up with an itch.  You code it up.
+
+ (1) Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about
+     the change.
+
+     The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you
+     are butchering.  These people happen to be the ones who are
+     most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but
+     they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help,
+     don't demand).  "git log -p -- $area_you_are_modifying" would
+     help you find out who they are.
+
+ (2) You get comments and suggestions for improvements.  You may
+     even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form.
+
+ (3) Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who
+     spend their time to improve your patch.  Go back to step (2).
+
+ (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is
+     good.  Send it to the list and cc the maintainer.
+
+ (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next',
+     and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'.
+
+In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up
+from the list and queue it to 'pu', in order to make it easier for
+people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to
+their trees themselves.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Know the status of your patch after submission
+
+* You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in
+  master. 'git pull --rebase' will automatically skip already-applied
+  patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top
+  of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not
+  tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
+  master).
+
+* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
+  entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
+  the status of various proposed changes.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+MUA specific hints
+
+Some of patches I receive or pick up from the list share common
+patterns of breakage.  Please make sure your MUA is set up
+properly not to corrupt whitespaces.  Here are two common ones
+I have seen:
+
+* Empty context lines that do not have _any_ whitespace.
+
+* Non empty context lines that have one extra whitespace at the
+  beginning.
+
+One test you could do yourself if your MUA is set up correctly is:
+
+* Send the patch to yourself, exactly the way you would, except
+  To: and Cc: lines, which would not contain the list and
+  maintainer address.
+
+* Save that patch to a file in UNIX mailbox format.  Call it say
+  a.patch.
+
+* Try to apply to the tip of the "master" branch from the
+  git.git public repository:
+
+    $ git fetch http://kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master:test-apply
+    $ git checkout test-apply
+    $ git reset --hard
+    $ git am a.patch
+
+If it does not apply correctly, there can be various reasons.
+
+* Your patch itself does not apply cleanly.  That is _bad_ but
+  does not have much to do with your MUA.  Please rebase the
+  patch appropriately.
+
+* Your MUA corrupted your patch; "am" would complain that
+  the patch does not apply.  Look at .git/rebase-apply/ subdirectory and
+  see what 'patch' file contains and check for the common
+  corruption patterns mentioned above.
+
+* While you are at it, check what are in 'info' and
+  'final-commit' files as well.  If what is in 'final-commit' is
+  not exactly what you would want to see in the commit log
+  message, it is very likely that your maintainer would end up
+  hand editing the log message when he applies your patch.
+  Things like "Hi, this is my first patch.\n", if you really
+  want to put in the patch e-mail, should come after the
+  three-dash line that signals the end of the commit message.
+
+
+Pine
+----
+
+(Johannes Schindelin)
+
+I don't know how many people still use pine, but for those poor
+souls it may be good to mention that the quell-flowed-text is
+needed for recent versions.
+
+... the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, too. AFAIK it
+was introduced in 4.60.
+
+(Linus Torvalds)
+
+And 4.58 needs at least this.
+
+---
+diff-tree 8326dd8350be64ac7fc805f6563a1d61ad10d32c (from e886a61f76edf5410573e92e38ce22974f9c40f1)
+Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
+Date:   Mon Aug 15 17:23:51 2005 -0700
+
+    Fix pine whitespace-corruption bug
+
+    There's no excuse for unconditionally removing whitespace from
+    the pico buffers on close.
+
+diff --git a/pico/pico.c b/pico/pico.c
+--- a/pico/pico.c
++++ b/pico/pico.c
+@@ -219,7 +219,9 @@ PICO *pm;
+	    switch(pico_all_done){	/* prepare for/handle final events */
+	      case COMP_EXIT :		/* already confirmed */
+		packheader();
++#if 0
+		stripwhitespace();
++#endif
+		c |= COMP_EXIT;
+		break;
+
+
+(Daniel Barkalow)
+
+> A patch to SubmittingPatches, MUA specific help section for
+> users of Pine 4.63 would be very much appreciated.
+
+Ah, it looks like a recent version changed the default behavior to do the
+right thing, and inverted the sense of the configuration option. (Either
+that or Gentoo did it.) So you need to set the
+"no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, unless the option you have is
+"strip-whitespace-before-send", in which case you should avoid checking
+it.
+
+
+Thunderbird
+-----------
+
+(A Large Angry SCM)
+
+By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag them as
+being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the resulting email unusable
+by git.
+
+Here are some hints on how to successfully submit patches inline using
+Thunderbird.
+
+There are two different approaches.  One approach is to configure
+Thunderbird to not mangle patches.  The second approach is to use
+an external editor to keep Thunderbird from mangling the patches.
+
+Approach #1 (configuration):
+
+This recipe is current as of Thunderbird 2.0.0.19.  Three steps:
+  1.  Configure your mail server composition as plain text
+      Edit...Account Settings...Composition & Addressing,
+        uncheck 'Compose Messages in HTML'.
+  2.  Configure your general composition window to not wrap
+      Edit..Preferences..Composition, wrap plain text messages at 0
+  3.  Disable the use of format=flowed
+      Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for:
+        mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed
+      toggle it to make sure it is set to 'false'.
+
+After that is done, you should be able to compose email as you
+otherwise would (cut + paste, git-format-patch | git-imap-send, etc),
+and the patches should not be mangled.
+
+Approach #2 (external editor):
+
+This recipe appears to work with the current [*1*] Thunderbird from Suse.
+
+The following Thunderbird extensions are needed:
+	AboutConfig 0.5
+		http://aboutconfig.mozdev.org/
+	External Editor 0.7.2
+		http://globs.org/articles.php?lng=en&pg=8
+
+1) Prepare the patch as a text file using your method of choice.
+
+2) Before opening a compose window, use Edit->Account Settings to
+uncheck the "Compose messages in HTML format" setting in the
+"Composition & Addressing" panel of the account to be used to send the
+patch. [*2*]
+
+3) In the main Thunderbird window, _before_ you open the compose window
+for the patch, use Tools->about:config to set the following to the
+indicated values:
+	mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed	=> false
+	mailnews.wraplength		=> 0
+
+4) Open a compose window and click the external editor icon.
+
+5) In the external editor window, read in the patch file and exit the
+editor normally.
+
+6) Back in the compose window: Add whatever other text you wish to the
+message, complete the addressing and subject fields, and press send.
+
+7) Optionally, undo the about:config/account settings changes made in
+steps 2 & 3.
+
+
+[Footnotes]
+*1* Version 1.0 (20041207) from the MozillaThunderbird-1.0-5 rpm of Suse
+9.3 professional updates.
+
+*2* It may be possible to do this with about:config and the following
+settings but I haven't tried, yet.
+	mail.html_compose			=> false
+	mail.identity.default.compose_html	=> false
+	mail.identity.id?.compose_html		=> false
+
+(Lukas Sandström)
+
+There is a script in contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline which can help
+you include patches with Thunderbird in an easy way. To use it, do the
+steps above and then use the script as the external editor.
+
+Gnus
+----
+
+'|' in the *Summary* buffer can be used to pipe the current
+message to an external program, and this is a handy way to drive
+"git am".  However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is
+piped into the program is the representation you see in your
+*Article* buffer after unwrapping MIME.  This is often not what
+you would want for two reasons.  It tends to screw up non ASCII
+characters (most notably in people's names), and also
+whitespaces (fatal in patches).  Running 'C-u g' to display the
+message in raw form before using '|' to run the pipe can work
+this problem around.
+
+
+KMail
+-----
+
+This should help you to submit patches inline using KMail.
+
+1) Prepare the patch as a text file.
+
+2) Click on New Mail.
+
+3) Go under "Options" in the Composer window and be sure that
+"Word wrap" is not set.
+
+4) Use Message -> Insert file... and insert the patch.
+
+5) Back in the compose window: add whatever other text you wish to the
+message, complete the addressing and subject fields, and press send.
+
+
+Gmail
+-----
+
+GMail does not appear to have any way to turn off line wrapping in the web
+interface, so this will mangle any emails that you send.  You can however
+use any IMAP email client to connect to the google imap server, and forward
+the emails through that.  Just make sure to disable line wrapping in that
+email client.  Alternatively, use "git send-email" instead.
+
+Submitting properly formatted patches via Gmail is simple now that
+IMAP support is available. First, edit your ~/.gitconfig to specify your
+account settings:
+
+[imap]
+	folder = "[Gmail]/Drafts"
+	host = imaps://imap.gmail.com
+	user = user@gmail.com
+	pass = p4ssw0rd
+	port = 993
+	sslverify = false
+
+You might need to instead use: folder = "[Google Mail]/Drafts" if you get an error
+that the "Folder doesn't exist".
+
+Next, ensure that your Gmail settings are correct. In "Settings" the
+"Use Unicode (UTF-8) encoding for outgoing messages" should be checked.
+
+Once your commits are ready to send to the mailing list, run the following
+command to send the patch emails to your Gmail Drafts folder.
+
+	$ git format-patch -M --stdout origin/master | git imap-send
+
+Go to your Gmail account, open the Drafts folder, find the patch email, fill
+in the To: and CC: fields and send away!
+
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87a90f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+## linkgit: macro
+#
+# Usage: linkgit:command[manpage-section]
+#
+# Note, {0} is the manpage section, while {target} is the command.
+#
+# Show GIT link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
+# the command.
+
+[macros]
+(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>linkgit):(?P<target>\S*?)\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\]=
+
+[attributes]
+asterisk=&#42;
+plus=&#43;
+caret=&#94;
+startsb=&#91;
+endsb=&#93;
+tilde=&#126;
+backtick=&#96;
+
+ifdef::backend-docbook[]
+[linkgit-inlinemacro]
+{0%{target}}
+{0#<citerefentry>}
+{0#<refentrytitle>{target}</refentrytitle><manvolnum>{0}</manvolnum>}
+{0#</citerefentry>}
+endif::backend-docbook[]
+
+ifdef::backend-docbook[]
+ifndef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
+# "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this.
+# v1.72 breaks with this because it replaces dots not in roff requests.
+[listingblock]
+<example><title>{title}</title>
+<literallayout>
+ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
+&#10;.ft C&#10;
+endif::doctype-manpage[]
+|
+ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
+&#10;.ft&#10;
+endif::doctype-manpage[]
+</literallayout>
+{title#}</example>
+endif::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
+
+ifdef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
+ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
+# The following two small workarounds insert a simple paragraph after screen
+[listingblock]
+<example><title>{title}</title>
+<literallayout>
+|
+</literallayout><simpara></simpara>
+{title#}</example>
+
+[verseblock]
+<formalpara{id? id="{id}"}><title>{title}</title><para>
+{title%}<literallayout{id? id="{id}"}>
+{title#}<literallayout>
+|
+</literallayout>
+{title#}</para></formalpara>
+{title%}<simpara></simpara>
+endif::doctype-manpage[]
+endif::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
+endif::backend-docbook[]
+
+ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
+ifdef::backend-docbook[]
+[header]
+template::[header-declarations]
+<refentry>
+<refmeta>
+<refentrytitle>{mantitle}</refentrytitle>
+<manvolnum>{manvolnum}</manvolnum>
+<refmiscinfo class="source">Git</refmiscinfo>
+<refmiscinfo class="version">{git_version}</refmiscinfo>
+<refmiscinfo class="manual">Git Manual</refmiscinfo>
+</refmeta>
+<refnamediv>
+  <refname>{manname}</refname>
+  <refpurpose>{manpurpose}</refpurpose>
+</refnamediv>
+endif::backend-docbook[]
+endif::doctype-manpage[]
+
+ifdef::backend-xhtml11[]
+[linkgit-inlinemacro]
+<a href="{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a>
+endif::backend-xhtml11[]
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4833cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+-b::
+	Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits.  This can also
+	be controlled via the `blame.blankboundary` config option.
+
+--root::
+	Do not treat root commits as boundaries.  This can also be
+	controlled via the `blame.showroot` config option.
+
+--show-stats::
+	Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
+
+-L <start>,<end>::
+	Annotate only the given line range.  <start> and <end> can take
+	one of these forms:
+
+	- number
++
+If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
+absolute line number (lines count from 1).
++
+
+- /regex/
++
+This form will use the first line matching the given
+POSIX regex.  If <end> is a regex, it will search
+starting at the line given by <start>.
++
+
+- +offset or -offset
++
+This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
+of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
++
+
+-l::
+	Show long rev (Default: off).
+
+-t::
+	Show raw timestamp (Default: off).
+
+-S <revs-file>::
+	Use revisions from revs-file instead of calling linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
+
+--reverse::
+	Walk history forward instead of backward. Instead of showing
+	the revision in which a line appeared, this shows the last
+	revision in which a line has existed. This requires a range of
+	revision like START..END where the path to blame exists in
+	START.
+
+-p::
+--porcelain::
+	Show in a format designed for machine consumption.
+
+--incremental::
+	Show the result incrementally in a format designed for
+	machine consumption.
+
+--encoding=<encoding>::
+	Specifies the encoding used to output author names
+	and commit summaries. Setting it to `none` makes blame
+	output unconverted data. For more information see the
+	discussion about encoding in the linkgit:git-log[1]
+	manual page.
+
+--contents <file>::
+	When <rev> is not specified, the command annotates the
+	changes starting backwards from the working tree copy.
+	This flag makes the command pretend as if the working
+	tree copy has the contents of the named file (specify
+	`-` to make the command read from the standard input).
+
+--date <format>::
+	The value is one of the following alternatives:
+	{relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short}. If --date is not
+	provided, the value of the blame.date config variable is
+	used. If the blame.date config variable is also not set, the
+	iso format is used. For more information, See the discussion
+	of the --date option at linkgit:git-log[1].
+
+-M|<num>|::
+	Detect moving lines in the file as well.  When a commit
+	moves a block of lines in a file (e.g. the original file
+	has A and then B, and the commit changes it to B and
+	then A), the traditional 'blame' algorithm typically blames
+	the lines that were moved up (i.e. B) to the parent and
+	assigns blame to the lines that were moved down (i.e. A)
+	to the child commit.  With this option, both groups of lines
+	are blamed on the parent.
++
+<num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
+alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving
+within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
+commit.
+
+-C|<num>|::
+	In addition to `-M`, detect lines copied from other
+	files that were modified in the same commit.  This is
+	useful when you reorganize your program and move code
+	around across files.  When this option is given twice,
+	the command additionally looks for copies from other
+	files in the commit that creates the file. When this
+	option is given three times, the command additionally
+	looks for copies from other files in any commit.
++
+<num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
+alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving
+between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
+commit.
+
+-h::
+--help::
+	Show help message.
diff --git a/Documentation/build-docdep.perl b/Documentation/build-docdep.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ba4205e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/build-docdep.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+my %include = ();
+my %included = ();
+
+for my $text (<*.txt>) {
+    open I, '<', $text || die "cannot read: $text";
+    while (<I>) {
+	if (/^include::/) {
+	    chomp;
+	    s/^include::\s*//;
+	    s/\[\]//;
+	    $include{$text}{$_} = 1;
+	    $included{$_} = 1;
+	}
+    }
+    close I;
+}
+
+# Do we care about chained includes???
+my $changed = 1;
+while ($changed) {
+    $changed = 0;
+    while (my ($text, $included) = each %include) {
+	for my $i (keys %$included) {
+	    # $text has include::$i; if $i includes $j
+	    # $text indirectly includes $j.
+	    if (exists $include{$i}) {
+		for my $j (keys %{$include{$i}}) {
+		    if (!exists $include{$text}{$j}) {
+			$include{$text}{$j} = 1;
+			$included{$j} = 1;
+			$changed = 1;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+while (my ($text, $included) = each %include) {
+    if (! exists $included{$text} &&
+	(my $base = $text) =~ s/\.txt$//) {
+	print "$base.html $base.xml : ", join(" ", keys %$included), "\n";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..828ec62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+my @menu = ();
+my $output = $ARGV[0];
+
+open TMP, '>', "$output.tmp";
+
+while (<STDIN>) {
+	next if (/^\\input texinfo/../\@node Top/);
+	next if (/^\@bye/ || /^\.ft/);
+	if (s/^\@top (.*)/\@node $1,,,Top/) {
+		push @menu, $1;
+	}
+	s/\(\@pxref{\[(URLS|REMOTES)\]}\)//;
+	print TMP;
+}
+close TMP;
+
+printf '\input texinfo
+@setfilename gitman.info
+@documentencoding UTF-8
+@dircategory Development
+@direntry
+* Git Man Pages: (gitman).  Manual pages for Git revision control system
+@end direntry
+@node Top,,, (dir)
+@top Git Manual Pages
+@documentlanguage en
+@menu
+', $menu[0];
+
+for (@menu) {
+	print "* ${_}::\n";
+}
+print "\@end menu\n";
+open TMP, '<', "$output.tmp";
+while (<TMP>) {
+	print;
+}
+close TMP;
+print "\@bye\n";
+unlink "$output.tmp";
diff --git a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..04f9977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+use File::Compare qw(compare);
+
+sub format_one {
+	my ($out, $nameattr) = @_;
+	my ($name, $attr) = @$nameattr;
+	my ($state, $description);
+	$state = 0;
+	open I, '<', "$name.txt" or die "No such file $name.txt";
+	while (<I>) {
+		if (/^NAME$/) {
+			$state = 1;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($state == 1 && /^----$/) {
+			$state = 2;
+			next;
+		}
+		next if ($state != 2);
+		chomp;
+		$description = $_;
+		last;
+	}
+	close I;
+	if (!defined $description) {
+		die "No description found in $name.txt";
+	}
+	if (my ($verify_name, $text) = ($description =~ /^($name) - (.*)/)) {
+		print $out "linkgit:$name\[1\]::\n\t";
+		if ($attr =~ / deprecated /) {
+			print $out "(deprecated) ";
+		}
+		print $out "$text.\n\n";
+	}
+	else {
+		die "Description does not match $name: $description";
+	}
+}
+
+my %cmds = ();
+for (sort <>) {
+	next if /^#/;
+
+	chomp;
+	my ($name, $cat, $attr) = /^(\S+)\s+(.*?)(?:\s+(.*))?$/;
+	$attr = '' unless defined $attr;
+	push @{$cmds{$cat}}, [$name, " $attr "];
+}
+
+for my $cat (qw(ancillaryinterrogators
+		ancillarymanipulators
+		mainporcelain
+		plumbinginterrogators
+		plumbingmanipulators
+		synchingrepositories
+		foreignscminterface
+		purehelpers
+		synchelpers)) {
+	my $out = "cmds-$cat.txt";
+	open O, '>', "$out+" or die "Cannot open output file $out+";
+	for (@{$cmds{$cat}}) {
+		format_one(\*O, $_);
+	}
+	close O;
+
+	if (-f "$out" && compare("$out", "$out+") == 0) {
+		unlink "$out+";
+	}
+	else {
+		print STDERR "$out\n";
+		rename "$out+", "$out";
+	}
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c36aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1657 @@
+CONFIGURATION FILE
+------------------
+
+The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
+the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
+is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
+`$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
+fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
+can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
+
+The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing
+and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
+the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last
+dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last
+dot. The variable names are case-insensitive and only alphanumeric
+characters are allowed. Some variables may appear multiple times.
+
+Syntax
+~~~~~~
+
+The syntax is fairly flexible and permissive; whitespaces are mostly
+ignored.  The '#' and ';' characters begin comments to the end of line,
+blank lines are ignored.
+
+The file consists of sections and variables.  A section begins with
+the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the next
+section begins.  Section names are not case sensitive.  Only alphanumeric
+characters, `-` and `.` are allowed in section names.  Each variable
+must belong to some section, which means that there must be a section
+header before the first setting of a variable.
+
+Sections can be further divided into subsections.  To begin a subsection
+put its name in double quotes, separated by space from the section name,
+in the section header, like in the example below:
+
+--------
+	[section "subsection"]
+
+--------
+
+Subsection names are case sensitive and can contain any characters except
+newline (doublequote `"` and backslash have to be escaped as `\"` and `\\`,
+respectively).  Section headers cannot span multiple
+lines.  Variables may belong directly to a section or to a given subsection.
+You can have `[section]` if you have `[section "subsection"]`, but you
+don't need to.
+
+There is also a case insensitive alternative `[section.subsection]` syntax.
+In this syntax, subsection names follow the same restrictions as for section
+names.
+
+All the other lines (and the remainder of the line after the section
+header) are recognized as setting variables, in the form
+'name = value'.  If there is no equal sign on the line, the entire line
+is taken as 'name' and the variable is recognized as boolean "true".
+The variable names are case-insensitive and only alphanumeric
+characters and `-` are allowed.  There can be more than one value
+for a given variable; we say then that variable is multivalued.
+
+Leading and trailing whitespace in a variable value is discarded.
+Internal whitespace within a variable value is retained verbatim.
+
+The values following the equals sign in variable assign are all either
+a string, an integer, or a boolean.  Boolean values may be given as yes/no,
+0/1, true/false or on/off.  Case is not significant in boolean values, when
+converting value to the canonical form using '--bool' type specifier;
+'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false".
+
+String values may be entirely or partially enclosed in double quotes.
+You need to enclose variable values in double quotes if you want to
+preserve leading or trailing whitespace, or if the variable value contains
+comment characters (i.e. it contains '#' or ';').
+Double quote `"` and backslash `\` characters in variable values must
+be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`.
+
+The following escape sequences (beside `\"` and `\\`) are recognized:
+`\n` for newline character (NL), `\t` for horizontal tabulation (HT, TAB)
+and `\b` for backspace (BS).  No other char escape sequence, nor octal
+char sequences are valid.
+
+Variable values ending in a `\` are continued on the next line in the
+customary UNIX fashion.
+
+Some variables may require a special value format.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+	# Core variables
+	[core]
+		; Don't trust file modes
+		filemode = false
+
+	# Our diff algorithm
+	[diff]
+		external = /usr/local/bin/diff-wrapper
+		renames = true
+
+	[branch "devel"]
+		remote = origin
+		merge = refs/heads/devel
+
+	# Proxy settings
+	[core]
+		gitProxy="ssh" for "kernel.org"
+		gitProxy=default-proxy ; for the rest
+
+Variables
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Note that this list is non-comprehensive and not necessarily complete.
+For command-specific variables, you will find a more detailed description
+in the appropriate manual page. You will find a description of non-core
+porcelain configuration variables in the respective porcelain documentation.
+
+advice.*::
+	When set to 'true', display the given optional help message.
+	When set to 'false', do not display. The configuration variables
+	are:
++
+--
+	pushNonFastForward::
+		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] refuses
+		non-fast-forward refs. Default: true.
+	statusHints::
+		Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the
+		output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown
+		when writing commit messages. Default: true.
+	commitBeforeMerge::
+		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
+		merge to avoid overwritting local changes.
+		Default: true.
+	resolveConflict::
+		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
+		prevent the operation from being performed.
+		Default: true.
+	implicitIdentity::
+		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
+		your information is guessed from the system username and
+		domain name. Default: true.
+--
+
+core.fileMode::
+	If false, the executable bit differences between the index and
+	the working copy are ignored; useful on broken filesystems like FAT.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
++
+The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
+will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the
+repository is created.
+
+core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks::
+	This option is only used by Cygwin implementation of Git. If false,
+	the Cygwin stat() and lstat() functions are used. This may be useful
+	if your repository consists of a few separate directories joined in
+	one hierarchy using Cygwin mount. If true, Git uses native Win32 API
+	whenever it is possible and falls back to Cygwin functions only to
+	handle symbol links. The native mode is more than twice faster than
+	normal Cygwin l/stat() functions. True by default, unless core.filemode
+	is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's
+	POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode.
+
+core.ignorecase::
+	If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
+	git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
+	"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
+	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
+	"Makefile".
++
+The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
+will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository
+is created.
+
+core.trustctime::
+	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
+	working copy are ignored; useful when the inode change time
+	is regularly modified by something outside Git (file system
+	crawlers and some backup systems).
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
+
+core.quotepath::
+	The commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files',
+	'diff'), when not given the `-z` option, will quote
+	"unusual" characters in the pathname by enclosing the
+	pathname in a double-quote pair and with backslashes the
+	same way strings in C source code are quoted.  If this
+	variable is set to false, the bytes higher than 0x80 are
+	not quoted but output as verbatim.  Note that double
+	quote, backslash and control characters are always
+	quoted without `-z` regardless of the setting of this
+	variable.
+
+core.autocrlf::
+	If true, makes git convert `CRLF` at the end of lines in text files to
+	`LF` when reading from the filesystem, and convert in reverse when
+	writing to the filesystem.  The variable can be set to
+	'input', in which case the conversion happens only while
+	reading from the filesystem but files are written out with
+	`LF` at the end of lines.  A file is considered
+	"text" (i.e. be subjected to the autocrlf mechanism) based on
+	the file's `crlf` attribute, or if `crlf` is unspecified,
+	based on the file's contents.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5].
+
+core.safecrlf::
+	If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` as controlled by
+	`core.autocrlf` is reversible.  Git will verify if a command
+	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
+	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
+	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
+	this is not the case for the current setting of
+	`core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an
+	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
++
+CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
+autocrlf=true will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git.  For text
+files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
+such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
+But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
+conversion can corrupt data.
++
+If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
+setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
+after committing you still have the original file in your work
+tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
+git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
+appropriately.
++
+Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
+mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
+files cannot be distinguished.  In both cases CRLFs are removed
+in an irreversible way.  For text files this is the right thing
+to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
+converting CRLFs corrupts data.
++
+Note, this safety check does not mean that a checkout will generate a
+file identical to the original file for a different setting of
+`core.autocrlf`, but only for the current one.  For example, a text
+file with `LF` would be accepted with `core.autocrlf=input` and could
+later be checked out with `core.autocrlf=true`, in which case the
+resulting file would contain `CRLF`, although the original file
+contained `LF`.  However, in both work trees the line endings would be
+consistent, that is either all `LF` or all `CRLF`, but never mixed.  A
+file with mixed line endings would be reported by the `core.safecrlf`
+mechanism.
+
+core.symlinks::
+	If false, symbolic links are checked out as small plain files that
+	contain the link text. linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
+	linkgit:git-add[1] will not change the recorded type to regular
+	file. Useful on filesystems like FAT that do not support
+	symbolic links.
++
+The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
+will probe and set core.symlinks false if appropriate when the repository
+is created.
+
+core.gitProxy::
+	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
+	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
+	using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
+	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
+	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
+	the first match wins.
++
+Can be overridden by the 'GIT_PROXY_COMMAND' environment variable
+(which always applies universally, without the special "for"
+handling).
++
+The special string `none` can be used as the proxy command to
+specify that no proxy be used for a given domain pattern.
+This is useful for excluding servers inside a firewall from
+proxy use, while defaulting to a common proxy for external domains.
+
+core.ignoreStat::
+	If true, commands which modify both the working tree and the index
+	will mark the updated paths with the "assume unchanged" bit in the
+	index. These marked files are then assumed to stay unchanged in the
+	working copy, until you	mark them otherwise manually - Git will not
+	detect the file changes	by lstat() calls. This is useful on systems
+	where those are very slow, such as Microsoft Windows.
+	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+	False by default.
+
+core.preferSymlinkRefs::
+	Instead of the default "symref" format for HEAD
+	and other symbolic reference files, use symbolic links.
+	This is sometimes needed to work with old scripts that
+	expect HEAD to be a symbolic link.
+
+core.bare::
+	If true this repository is assumed to be 'bare' and has no
+	working directory associated with it.  If this is the case a
+	number of commands that require a working directory will be
+	disabled, such as linkgit:git-add[1] or linkgit:git-merge[1].
++
+This setting is automatically guessed by linkgit:git-clone[1] or
+linkgit:git-init[1] when the repository was created.  By default a
+repository that ends in "/.git" is assumed to be not bare (bare =
+false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare
+= true).
+
+core.worktree::
+	Set the path to the root of the work tree.
+	This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment
+	variable and the '--work-tree' command line option. It can be
+	an absolute path or a relative path to the .git directory,
+	either specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR, or automatically
+	discovered.
+	If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
+	--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
+	the current working directory is regarded as the root of the
+	work tree.
++
+Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
+file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory, and its value differs
+from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
+core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
+misconfiguration.  Running git commands in "/path/to" directory will
+still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
+great confusion to the users.
+
+core.logAllRefUpdates::
+	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
+	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
+	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
+	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
+	file is automatically created for branch heads.
++
+This information can be used to determine what commit
+was the tip of a branch "2 days ago".
++
+This value is true by default in a repository that has
+a working directory associated with it, and false by
+default in a bare repository.
+
+core.repositoryFormatVersion::
+	Internal variable identifying the repository format and layout
+	version.
+
+core.sharedRepository::
+	When 'group' (or 'true'), the repository is made shareable between
+	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
+	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
+	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions
+	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
+	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
+	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
+	requested parts of the user's umask value). Examples: '0660' will make
+	the repo read/write-able for the owner and group, but inaccessible to
+	others (equivalent to 'group' unless umask is e.g. '0022'). '0640' is a
+	repository that is group-readable but not group-writable.
+	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
+
+core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
+	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
+
+core.compression::
+	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
+	-1 is the zlib default. 0 means no compression,
+	and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being slowest.
+	If set, this provides a default to other compression variables,
+	such as 'core.loosecompression' and 'pack.compression'.
+
+core.loosecompression::
+	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects that
+	are not in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
+	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
+	slowest.  If not set,  defaults to core.compression.  If that is
+	not set,  defaults to 1 (best speed).
+
+core.packedGitWindowSize::
+	Number of bytes of a pack file to map into memory in a
+	single mapping operation.  Larger window sizes may allow
+	your system to process a smaller number of large pack files
+	more quickly.  Smaller window sizes will negatively affect
+	performance due to increased calls to the operating system's
+	memory manager, but may improve performance when accessing
+	a large number of large pack files.
++
+Default is 1 MiB if NO_MMAP was set at compile time, otherwise 32
+MiB on 32 bit platforms and 1 GiB on 64 bit platforms.  This should
+be reasonable for all users/operating systems.  You probably do
+not need to adjust this value.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.packedGitLimit::
+	Maximum number of bytes to map simultaneously into memory
+	from pack files.  If Git needs to access more than this many
+	bytes at once to complete an operation it will unmap existing
+	regions to reclaim virtual address space within the process.
++
+Default is 256 MiB on 32 bit platforms and 8 GiB on 64 bit platforms.
+This should be reasonable for all users/operating systems, except on
+the largest projects.  You probably do not need to adjust this value.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
+	Maximum number of bytes to reserve for caching base objects
+	that multiple deltafied objects reference.  By storing the
+	entire decompressed base objects in a cache Git is able
+	to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
+	objects multiple times.
++
+Default is 16 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
+for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects.
+You probably do not need to adjust this value.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
+
+core.bigFileThreshold::
+	Files larger than this size are stored deflated, without
+	attempting delta compression.  Storing large files without
+	delta compression avoids excessive memory usage, at the
+	slight expense of increased disk usage.
++
+Default is 512 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
+for most projects as source code and other text files can still
+be delta compressed, but larger binary media files won't be.
++
+Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
++
+Currently only linkgit:git-fast-import[1] honors this setting.
+
+core.excludesfile::
+	In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
+	'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
+	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "{tilde}/" is expanded
+	to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the specified user's
+	home directory.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
+
+core.editor::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
+	messages by launching an editor uses the value of this
+	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
+	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
+
+core.pager::
+	The command that git will use to paginate output.  Can
+	be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment
+	variable.  Note that git sets the `LESS` environment
+	variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the
+	pager.  One can change these settings by setting the
+	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
+	these settings can be overridden on a project or
+	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
+	Setting `core.pager` has no affect on the `LESS`
+	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
+	to override git's default settings this way, you need
+	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
+	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
+	to `less -+$LESS -FRX`.  This will be passed to the
+	shell by git, which will translate the final command to
+	`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`.
+
+core.whitespace::
+	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
+	notice.  'git diff' will use `color.diff.whitespace` to
+	highlight them, and 'git apply --whitespace=error' will
+	consider them as errors.  You can prefix `-` to disable
+	any of them (e.g. `-trailing-space`):
++
+* `blank-at-eol` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line
+  as an error (enabled by default).
+* `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
+  before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
+  error (enabled by default).
+* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more
+  space characters as an error (not enabled by default).
+* `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
+  (enabled by default).
+* `trailing-space` is a short-hand to cover both `blank-at-eol` and
+  `blank-at-eof`.
+* `cr-at-eol` treats a carriage-return at the end of line as
+  part of the line terminator, i.e. with it, `trailing-space`
+  does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
+  is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
+
+core.fsyncobjectfiles::
+	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
++
+This is a total waste of time and effort on a filesystem that orders
+data writes properly, but can be useful for filesystems that do not use
+journalling (traditional UNIX filesystems) or that only journal metadata
+and not file contents (OS X's HFS+, or Linux ext3 with "data=writeback").
+
+core.preloadindex::
+	Enable parallel index preload for operations like 'git diff'
++
+This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
+on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
+relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', git will do the
+index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
+overlapping IO's.
+
+core.createObject::
+	You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by
+	a delete of the source are used to make sure that object creation
+	will not overwrite existing objects.
++
+On some file system/operating system combinations, this is unreliable.
+Set this config setting to 'rename' there; However, This will remove the
+check that makes sure that existing object files will not get overwritten.
+
+core.notesRef::
+	When showing commit messages, also show notes which are stored in
+	the given ref.  This ref is expected to contain files named
+	after the full SHA-1 of the commit they annotate.
++
+If such a file exists in the given ref, the referenced blob is read, and
+appended to the commit message, separated by a "Notes:" line.  If the
+given ref itself does not exist, it is not an error, but means that no
+notes should be printed.
++
+This setting defaults to "refs/notes/commits", and can be overridden by
+the `GIT_NOTES_REF` environment variable.
+
+core.sparseCheckout::
+	Enable "sparse checkout" feature. See section "Sparse checkout" in
+	linkgit:git-read-tree[1] for more information.
+
+add.ignore-errors::
+	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
+	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].
+
+alias.*::
+	Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
+	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
+	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
+	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
+	hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
+	quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them.
++
+If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
+it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
+"alias.new = !gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD", the invocation
+"git new" is equivalent to running the shell command
+"gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD".  Note that shell commands will be
+executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
+not necessarily be the current directory.
+
+apply.ignorewhitespace::
+	When set to 'change', tells 'git apply' to ignore changes in
+	whitespace, in the same way as the '--ignore-space-change'
+	option.
+	When set to one of: no, none, never, false tells 'git apply' to
+	respect all whitespace differences.
+	See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+
+apply.whitespace::
+	Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
+	as the '--whitespace' option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+
+branch.autosetupmerge::
+	Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
+	so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
+	starting point branch. Note that even if this option is not set,
+	this behavior can be chosen per-branch using the `--track`
+	and `--no-track` options. The valid settings are: `false` -- no
+	automatic setup is done; `true` -- automatic setup is done when the
+	starting point is a remote branch; `always` -- automatic setup is
+	done when the starting point is either a local branch or remote
+	branch. This option defaults to true.
+
+branch.autosetuprebase::
+	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
+	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
+	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
+	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
+	other local branches.
+	When `remote`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
+	remote branches.
+	When `always`, rebase will be set to true for all tracking
+	branches.
+	See "branch.autosetupmerge" for details on how to set up a
+	branch to track another branch.
+	This option defaults to never.
+
+branch.<name>.remote::
+	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
+	remote to fetch from/push to.  It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
+	configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
+
+branch.<name>.merge::
+	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
+	for the given branch. It tells 'git fetch'/'git pull' which
+	branch to merge and can also affect 'git push' (see push.default).
+	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' the default
+	refspec to be marked for merging in FETCH_HEAD. The value is
+	handled like the remote part of a refspec, and must match a
+	ref which is fetched from the remote given by
+	"branch.<name>.remote".
+	The merge information is used by 'git pull' (which at first calls
+	'git fetch') to lookup the default branch for merging. Without
+	this option, 'git pull' defaults to merge the first refspec fetched.
+	Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
+	If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
+	another branch in the local repository, you can point
+	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the special setting
+	`.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
+
+branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
+	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
+	supported options are the same as those of linkgit:git-merge[1], but
+	option values containing whitespace characters are currently not
+	supported.
+
+branch.<name>.rebase::
+	When true, rebase the branch <name> on top of the fetched branch,
+	instead of merging the default branch from the default remote when
+	"git pull" is run.
+	*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
+	it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
+	for details).
+
+browser.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
+	as arguments. (See linkgit:git-web--browse[1].)
+
+browser.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
+	browse HTML help (see '-w' option in linkgit:git-help[1]) or a
+	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
+
+clean.requireForce::
+	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f
+	or -n.   Defaults to true.
+
+color.branch::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
+	linkgit:git-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
+	only when the output is to a terminal. Defaults to false.
+
+color.branch.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
+	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
+	`remote` (a tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	refs).
++
+The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
+two) and attributes (at most one), separated by spaces.  The colors
+accepted are `normal`, `black`, `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `blue`,
+`magenta`, `cyan` and `white`; the attributes are `bold`, `dim`, `ul`,
+`blink` and `reverse`.  The first color given is the foreground; the
+second is the background.  The position of the attribute, if any,
+doesn't matter.
+
+color.diff::
+	When set to `always`, always use colors in patch.
+	When false (or `never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use
+	colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
+
+color.diff.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for diff colorization.  `<slot>` specifies
+	which part of the patch to use the specified color, and is one
+	of `plain` (context text), `meta` (metainformation), `frag`
+	(hunk header), 'func' (function in hunk header), `old` (removed lines),
+	`new` (added lines), `commit` (commit headers), or `whitespace`
+	(highlighting whitespace errors). The values of these variables may be
+	specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
+
+color.grep::
+	When set to `always`, always highlight matches.  When `false` (or
+	`never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use color only
+	when the output is written to the terminal.  Defaults to `false`.
+
+color.grep.match::
+	Use customized color for matches.  The value of this variable
+	may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>.  It is passed using
+	the environment variables 'GREP_COLOR' and 'GREP_COLORS' when
+	calling an external 'grep'.
+
+color.interactive::
+	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
+	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive").
+	When false (or `never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use
+	colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
+
+color.interactive.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive'
+	output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for
+	four distinct types of normal output from interactive
+	commands.  The values of these variables may be specified as
+	in color.branch.<slot>.
+
+color.pager::
+	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
+	use (default is true).
+
+color.showbranch::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
+	linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
+	only when the output is to a terminal. Defaults to false.
+
+color.status::
+	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
+	linkgit:git-status[1]. May be set to `always`,
+	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
+	only when the output is to a terminal. Defaults to false.
+
+color.status.<slot>::
+	Use customized color for status colorization. `<slot>` is
+	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
+	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
+	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git), or
+	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
+	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
+	color.branch.<slot>.
+
+color.ui::
+	When set to `always`, always use colors in all git commands which
+	are capable of colored output. When false (or `never`), never. When
+	set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is to the
+	terminal. When more specific variables of color.* are set, they always
+	take precedence over this setting. Defaults to false.
+
+commit.status::
+	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
+	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
+	message.  Defaults to true.
+
+commit.template::
+	Specify a file to use as the template for new commit messages.
+	"{tilde}/" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the
+	specified user's home directory.
+
+diff.autorefreshindex::
+	When using 'git diff' to compare with work tree
+	files, do not consider stat-only change as changed.
+	Instead, silently run `git update-index --refresh` to
+	update the cached stat information for paths whose
+	contents in the work tree match the contents in the
+	index.  This option defaults to true.  Note that this
+	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level
+	'diff' commands such as 'git diff-files'.
+
+diff.external::
+	If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
+	performed using the internal diff machinery, but using the
+	given command.  Can be overridden with the `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'
+	environment variable.  The command is called with parameters
+	as described under "git Diffs" in linkgit:git[1].  Note: if
+	you want to use an external diff program only on a subset of
+	your files, you	might want to use linkgit:gitattributes[5] instead.
+
+diff.mnemonicprefix::
+	If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
+	standard "a/" and "b/" depending on what is being compared.  When
+	this configuration is in effect, reverse diff output also swaps
+	the order of the prefixes:
+`git diff`;;
+	compares the (i)ndex and the (w)ork tree;
+`git diff HEAD`;;
+	 compares a (c)ommit and the (w)ork tree;
+`git diff --cached`;;
+	compares a (c)ommit and the (i)ndex;
+`git diff HEAD:file1 file2`;;
+	compares an (o)bject and a (w)ork tree entity;
+`git diff --no-index a b`;;
+	compares two non-git things (1) and (2).
+
+diff.renameLimit::
+	The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename
+	detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
+
+diff.renames::
+	Tells git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
+	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
+	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
+
+diff.suppressBlankEmpty::
+	A boolean to inhibit the standard behavior of printing a space
+	before each empty output line. Defaults to false.
+
+diff.tool::
+	Controls which diff tool is used.  `diff.tool` overrides
+	`merge.tool` when used by linkgit:git-difftool[1] and has
+	the same valid values as `merge.tool` minus "tortoisemerge"
+	and plus "kompare".
+
+difftool.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
+	your tool is not in the PATH.
+
+difftool.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified diff tool.
+	The specified command is evaluated in shell with the following
+	variables available:  'LOCAL' is set to the name of the temporary
+	file containing the contents of the diff pre-image and 'REMOTE'
+	is set to the name of the temporary file containing the contents
+	of the diff post-image.
+
+difftool.prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
+
+diff.wordRegex::
+	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
+	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
+	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
+	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
+
+fetch.unpackLimit::
+	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
+	transfer is below this
+	limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
+	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
+	exceeds this limit then the received pack will be stored as
+	a pack, after adding any missing delta bases.  Storing the
+	pack from a push can make the push operation complete faster,
+	especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
+	`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
+
+format.attach::
+	Enable multipart/mixed attachments as the default for
+	'format-patch'.  The value can also be a double quoted string
+	which will enable attachments as the default and set the
+	value as the boundary.  See the --attach option in
+	linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
+
+format.numbered::
+	A boolean which can enable or disable sequence numbers in patch
+	subjects.  It defaults to "auto" which enables it only if there
+	is more than one patch.  It can be enabled or disabled for all
+	messages by setting it to "true" or "false".  See --numbered
+	option in linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
+
+format.headers::
+	Additional email headers to include in a patch to be submitted
+	by mail.  See linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
+
+format.cc::
+	Additional "Cc:" headers to include in a patch to be submitted
+	by mail.  See the --cc option in linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
+
+format.subjectprefix::
+	The default for format-patch is to output files with the '[PATCH]'
+	subject prefix. Use this variable to change that prefix.
+
+format.suffix::
+	The default for format-patch is to output files with the suffix
+	`.patch`. Use this variable to change that suffix (make sure to
+	include the dot if you want it).
+
+format.pretty::
+	The default pretty format for log/show/whatchanged command,
+	See linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1],
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1].
+
+format.thread::
+	The default threading style for 'git format-patch'.  Can be
+	a boolean value, or `shallow` or `deep`.  `shallow` threading
+	makes every mail a reply to the head of the series,
+	where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
+	`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.
+	`deep` threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
+	A true boolean value is the same as `shallow`, and a false
+	value disables threading.
+
+format.signoff::
+    A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
+    format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
+    patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
+    the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
+    Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+
+gc.aggressiveWindow::
+	The window size parameter used in the delta compression
+	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
+	to 10.
+
+gc.auto::
+	When there are approximately more than this many loose
+	objects in the repository, `git gc --auto` will pack them.
+	Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a
+	light-weight garbage collection from time to time.  The
+	default value is 6700.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
+
+gc.autopacklimit::
+	When there are more than this many packs that are not
+	marked with `*.keep` file in the repository, `git gc
+	--auto` consolidates them into one larger pack.  The
+	default	value is 50.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
+
+gc.packrefs::
+	Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it
+	unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
+	transports such as HTTP.  This variable determines whether
+	'git gc' runs `git pack-refs`. This can be set to `nobare`
+	to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
+	boolean value.  The default is `true`.
+
+gc.pruneexpire::
+	When 'git gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
+	Override the grace period with this config variable.  The value
+	"now" may be used to disable this  grace period and always prune
+	unreachable objects immediately.
+
+gc.reflogexpire::
+	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
+	this time; defaults to 90 days.
+
+gc.reflogexpireunreachable::
+	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
+	this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
+	defaults to 30 days.
+
+gc.rerereresolved::
+	Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
+	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
+	The default is 60 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
+
+gc.rerereunresolved::
+	Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
+	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
+	The default is 15 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
+
+gitcvs.commitmsgannotation::
+	Append this string to each commit message. Set to empty string
+	to disable this feature. Defaults to "via git-CVS emulator".
+
+gitcvs.enabled::
+	Whether the CVS server interface is enabled for this repository.
+	See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+gitcvs.logfile::
+	Path to a log file where the CVS server interface well... logs
+	various stuff. See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
+	If true, the server will look up the `crlf` attribute for
+	files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If `crlf` is set,
+	the '-k' mode will be left blank, so cvs clients will
+	treat it as text. If `crlf` is explicitly unset, the file
+	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
+	the client might otherwise do. If `crlf` is not specified,
+	then 'gitcvs.allbinary' is used. See linkgit:gitattributes[5].
+
+gitcvs.allbinary::
+	This is used if 'gitcvs.usecrlfattr' does not resolve
+	the correct '-kb' mode to use. If true, all
+	unresolved files are sent to the client in
+	mode '-kb'. This causes the client to treat them
+	as binary files, which suppresses any newline munging it
+	otherwise might do. Alternatively, if it is set to "guess",
+	then the contents of the file are examined to decide if
+	it is binary, similar to 'core.autocrlf'.
+
+gitcvs.dbname::
+	Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information
+	derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
+	used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this
+	is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see
+	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`).
+	Default: '%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite'
+
+gitcvs.dbdriver::
+	Used Perl DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
+        for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
+	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with 'DBD::Pg', and
+	reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'. Experimental feature.
+	May not contain double colons (`:`). Default: 'SQLite'.
+	See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+gitcvs.dbuser, gitcvs.dbpass::
+	Database user and password. Only useful if setting 'gitcvs.dbdriver',
+	since SQLite has no concept of database users and/or passwords.
+	'gitcvs.dbuser' supports variable substitution (see
+	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details).
+
+gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
+	Database table name prefix.  Prepended to the names of any
+	database tables used, allowing a single database to be used
+	for several repositories.  Supports variable substitution (see
+	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details).  Any non-alphabetic
+	characters will be replaced with underscores.
+
+All gitcvs variables except for 'gitcvs.usecrlfattr' and
+'gitcvs.allbinary' can also be specified as
+'gitcvs.<access_method>.<varname>' (where 'access_method'
+is one of "ext" and "pserver") to make them apply only for the given
+access method.
+
+gui.commitmsgwidth::
+	Defines how wide the commit message window is in the
+	linkgit:git-gui[1]. "75" is the default.
+
+gui.diffcontext::
+	Specifies how many context lines should be used in calls to diff
+	made by the linkgit:git-gui[1]. The default is "5".
+
+gui.encoding::
+	Specifies the default encoding to use for displaying of
+	file contents in linkgit:git-gui[1] and linkgit:gitk[1].
+	It can be overridden by setting the 'encoding' attribute
+	for relevant files (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
+	If this option is not set, the tools default to the
+	locale encoding.
+
+gui.matchtrackingbranch::
+	Determines if new branches created with linkgit:git-gui[1] should
+	default to tracking remote branches with matching names or
+	not. Default: "false".
+
+gui.newbranchtemplate::
+	Is used as suggested name when creating new branches using the
+	linkgit:git-gui[1].
+
+gui.pruneduringfetch::
+	"true" if linkgit:git-gui[1] should prune tracking branches when
+	performing a fetch. The default value is "false".
+
+gui.trustmtime::
+	Determines if linkgit:git-gui[1] should trust the file modification
+	timestamp or not. By default the timestamps are not trusted.
+
+gui.spellingdictionary::
+	Specifies the dictionary used for spell checking commit messages in
+	the linkgit:git-gui[1]. When set to "none" spell checking is turned
+	off.
+
+gui.fastcopyblame::
+	If true, 'git gui blame' uses `-C` instead of `-C -C` for original
+	location detection. It makes blame significantly faster on huge
+	repositories at the expense of less thorough copy detection.
+
+gui.copyblamethreshold::
+	Specifies the threshold to use in 'git gui blame' original location
+	detection, measured in alphanumeric characters. See the
+	linkgit:git-blame[1] manual for more information on copy detection.
+
+gui.blamehistoryctx::
+	Specifies the radius of history context in days to show in
+	linkgit:gitk[1] for the selected commit, when the `Show History
+	Context` menu item is invoked from 'git gui blame'. If this
+	variable is set to zero, the whole history is shown.
+
+guitool.<name>.cmd::
+	Specifies the shell command line to execute when the corresponding item
+	of the linkgit:git-gui[1] `Tools` menu is invoked. This option is
+	mandatory for every tool. The command is executed from the root of
+	the working directory, and in the environment it receives the name of
+	the tool as 'GIT_GUITOOL', the name of the currently selected file as
+	'FILENAME', and the name of the current branch as 'CUR_BRANCH' (if
+	the head is detached, 'CUR_BRANCH' is empty).
+
+guitool.<name>.needsfile::
+	Run the tool only if a diff is selected in the GUI. It guarantees
+	that 'FILENAME' is not empty.
+
+guitool.<name>.noconsole::
+	Run the command silently, without creating a window to display its
+	output.
+
+guitool.<name>.norescan::
+	Don't rescan the working directory for changes after the tool
+	finishes execution.
+
+guitool.<name>.confirm::
+	Show a confirmation dialog before actually running the tool.
+
+guitool.<name>.argprompt::
+	Request a string argument from the user, and pass it to the tool
+	through the 'ARGS' environment variable. Since requesting an
+	argument implies confirmation, the 'confirm' option has no effect
+	if this is enabled. If the option is set to 'true', 'yes', or '1',
+	the dialog uses a built-in generic prompt; otherwise the exact
+	value of the variable is used.
+
+guitool.<name>.revprompt::
+	Request a single valid revision from the user, and set the
+	'REVISION' environment variable. In other aspects this option
+	is similar to 'argprompt', and can be used together with it.
+
+guitool.<name>.revunmerged::
+	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revprompt' subdialog.
+	This is useful for tools similar to merge or rebase, but not
+	for things like checkout or reset.
+
+guitool.<name>.title::
+	Specifies the title to use for the prompt dialog. The default
+	is the tool name.
+
+guitool.<name>.prompt::
+	Specifies the general prompt string to display at the top of
+	the dialog, before subsections for 'argprompt' and 'revprompt'.
+	The default value includes the actual command.
+
+help.browser::
+	Specify the browser that will be used to display help in the
+	'web' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
+
+help.format::
+	Override the default help format used by linkgit:git-help[1].
+	Values 'man', 'info', 'web' and 'html' are supported. 'man' is
+	the default. 'web' and 'html' are the same.
+
+help.autocorrect::
+	Automatically correct and execute mistyped commands after
+	waiting for the given number of deciseconds (0.1 sec). If more
+	than one command can be deduced from the entered text, nothing
+	will be executed.  If the value of this option is negative,
+	the corrected command will be executed immediately. If the
+	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
+	This is the default.
+
+http.proxy::
+	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy'
+	environment variable (see linkgit:curl[1]).  This can be overridden
+	on a per-remote basis; see remote.<name>.proxy
+
+http.sslVerify::
+	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY' environment
+	variable.
+
+http.sslCert::
+	File containing the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_CERT' environment
+	variable.
+
+http.sslKey::
+	File containing the SSL private key when fetching or pushing
+	over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_KEY' environment
+	variable.
+
+http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
+	Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
+	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
+	'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable.
+
+http.sslCAInfo::
+	File containing the certificates to verify the peer with when
+	fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the
+	'GIT_SSL_CAINFO' environment variable.
+
+http.sslCAPath::
+	Path containing files with the CA certificates to verify the peer
+	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
+	by the 'GIT_SSL_CAPATH' environment variable.
+
+http.maxRequests::
+	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
+	by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
+
+http.minSessions::
+	The number of curl sessions (counted across slots) to be kept across
+	requests. They will not be ended with curl_easy_cleanup() until
+	http_cleanup() is invoked. If USE_CURL_MULTI is not defined, this
+	value will be capped at 1. Defaults to 1.
+
+http.postBuffer::
+	Maximum size in bytes of the buffer used by smart HTTP
+	transports when POSTing data to the remote system.
+	For requests larger than this buffer size, HTTP/1.1 and
+	Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used to avoid creating a
+	massive pack file locally.  Default is 1 MiB, which is
+	sufficient for most requests.
+
+http.lowSpeedLimit, http.lowSpeedTime::
+	If the HTTP transfer speed is less than 'http.lowSpeedLimit'
+	for longer than 'http.lowSpeedTime' seconds, the transfer is aborted.
+	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT' and
+	'GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_TIME' environment variables.
+
+http.noEPSV::
+	A boolean which disables using of EPSV ftp command by curl.
+	This can helpful with some "poor" ftp servers which don't
+	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV'
+	environment variable. Default is false (curl will use EPSV).
+
+i18n.commitEncoding::
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
+	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
+	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
+	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
+	porcelains). See e.g. linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]. Defaults to 'utf-8'.
+
+i18n.logOutputEncoding::
+	Character encoding the commit messages are converted to when
+	running 'git log' and friends.
+
+imap::
+	The configuration variables in the 'imap' section are described
+	in linkgit:git-imap-send[1].
+
+instaweb.browser::
+	Specify the program that will be used to browse your working
+	repository in gitweb. See linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+
+instaweb.httpd::
+	The HTTP daemon command-line to start gitweb on your working
+	repository. See linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+
+instaweb.local::
+	If true the web server started by linkgit:git-instaweb[1] will
+	be bound to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
+
+instaweb.modulepath::
+	The module path for an apache httpd used by linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+
+instaweb.port::
+	The port number to bind the gitweb httpd to. See
+	linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+
+interactive.singlekey::
+	In interactive commands, allow the user to provide one-letter
+	input with a single key (i.e., without hitting enter).
+	Currently this is used only by the `\--patch` mode of
+	linkgit:git-add[1].  Note that this setting is silently
+	ignored if portable keystroke input is not available.
+
+log.date::
+	Set default date-time mode for the log command. Setting log.date
+	value is similar to using 'git log'\'s --date option. The value is one of the
+	following alternatives: {relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short}.
+	See linkgit:git-log[1].
+
+log.showroot::
+	If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
+	This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.
+	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
+	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
+
+mailmap.file::
+	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
+	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
+	first, then the mailmap file pointed to by this variable.
+	The location of the mailmap file may be in a repository
+	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
+	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
+
+man.viewer::
+	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
+	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
+
+man.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified man viewer. The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the man page
+	passed as argument. (See linkgit:git-help[1].)
+
+man.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool that may be used to
+	display help in the 'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
+
+include::merge-config.txt[]
+
+mergetool.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
+	your tool is not in the PATH.
+
+mergetool.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified merge tool.  The
+	specified command is evaluated in shell with the following
+	variables available: 'BASE' is the name of a temporary file
+	containing the common base of the files to be merged, if available;
+	'LOCAL' is the name of a temporary file containing the contents of
+	the file on the current branch; 'REMOTE' is the name of a temporary
+	file containing the contents of the file from the branch being
+	merged; 'MERGED' contains the name of the file to which the merge
+	tool should write the results of a successful merge.
+
+mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode::
+	For a custom merge command, specify whether the exit code of
+	the merge command can be used to determine whether the merge was
+	successful.  If this is not set to true then the merge target file
+	timestamp is checked and the merge assumed to have been successful
+	if the file has been updated, otherwise the user is prompted to
+	indicate the success of the merge.
+
+mergetool.keepBackup::
+	After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers
+	can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension.  If this variable
+	is set to `false` then this file is not preserved.  Defaults to
+	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
+
+mergetool.keepTemporaries::
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary
+	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
+	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
+	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
+	exited. Defaults to `false`.
+
+mergetool.prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
+
+pack.window::
+	The size of the window used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no
+	window size is given on the command line. Defaults to 10.
+
+pack.depth::
+	The maximum delta depth used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no
+	maximum depth is given on the command line. Defaults to 50.
+
+pack.windowMemory::
+	The window memory size limit used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+	when no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
+	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  Defaults to 0, meaning no
+	limit.
+
+pack.compression::
+	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects
+	in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
+	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
+	slowest.  If not set,  defaults to core.compression.  If that is
+	not set,  defaults to -1, the zlib default, which is "a default
+	compromise between speed and compression (currently equivalent
+	to level 6)."
+
+pack.deltaCacheSize::
+	The maximum memory in bytes used for caching deltas in
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] before writing them out to a pack.
+	This cache is used to speed up the writing object phase by not
+	having to recompute the final delta result once the best match
+	for all objects is found.  Repacking large repositories on machines
+	which are tight with memory might be badly impacted by this though,
+	especially if this cache pushes the system into swapping.
+	A value of 0 means no limit. The smallest size of 1 byte may be
+	used to virtually disable this cache. Defaults to 256 MiB.
+
+pack.deltaCacheLimit::
+	The maximum size of a delta, that is cached in
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]. This cache is used to speed up the
+	writing object phase by not having to recompute the final delta
+	result once the best match for all objects is found. Defaults to 1000.
+
+pack.threads::
+	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
+	delta matches.  This requires that linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+	be compiled with pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a
+	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
+	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
+	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
+	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	and set the number of threads accordingly.
+
+pack.indexVersion::
+	Specify the default pack index version.  Valid values are 1 for
+	legacy pack index used by Git versions prior to 1.5.2, and 2 for
+	the new pack index with capabilities for packs larger than 4 GB
+	as well as proper protection against the repacking of corrupted
+	packs.  Version 2 is the default.  Note that version 2 is enforced
+	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
+	larger than 2 GB.
++
+If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `{asterisk}.idx` file,
+cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync")
+that will copy both `{asterisk}.pack` file and corresponding `{asterisk}.idx` file from the
+other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
+older version of git. If the `{asterisk}.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
+the `{asterisk}.idx` file.
+
+pack.packSizeLimit::
+	The maximum size of a pack.  This setting only affects
+	packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol
+	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `\--max-pack-size`
+	option of linkgit:git-repack[1]. The minimum size allowed is
+	limited to 1 MiB. The default is unlimited.
+	Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are
+	supported.
+
+pager.<cmd>::
+	Allows turning on or off pagination of the output of a
+	particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.  If
+	`\--paginate` or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line,
+	it takes precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for
+	all commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
+
+pull.octopus::
+	The default merge strategy to use when pulling multiple branches
+	at once.
+
+pull.twohead::
+	The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch.
+
+push.default::
+	Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
+	on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and
+	no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command
+	line. Possible values are:
++
+* `nothing` do not push anything.
+* `matching` push all matching branches.
+  All branches having the same name in both ends are considered to be
+  matching. This is the default.
+* `tracking` push the current branch to its upstream branch.
+* `current` push the current branch to a branch of the same name.
+
+rebase.stat::
+	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
+	rebase. False by default.
+
+receive.autogc::
+	By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
+	receiving data from git-push and updating refs.  You can stop
+	it by setting this variable to false.
+
+receive.fsckObjects::
+	If it is set to true, git-receive-pack will check all received
+	objects. It will abort in the case of a malformed object or a
+	broken link. The result of an abort are only dangling objects.
+	Defaults to false.
+
+receive.unpackLimit::
+	If the number of objects received in a push is below this
+	limit then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
+	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
+	exceeds this limit then the received pack will be stored as
+	a pack, after adding any missing delta bases.  Storing the
+	pack from a push can make the push operation complete faster,
+	especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
+	`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
+
+receive.denyDeletes::
+	If set to true, git-receive-pack will deny a ref update that deletes
+	the ref. Use this to prevent such a ref deletion via a push.
+
+receive.denyCurrentBranch::
+	If set to true or "refuse", receive-pack will deny a ref update
+	to the currently checked out branch of a non-bare repository.
+	Such a push is potentially dangerous because it brings the HEAD
+	out of sync with the index and working tree. If set to "warn",
+	print a warning of such a push to stderr, but allow the push to
+	proceed. If set to false or "ignore", allow such pushes with no
+	message. Defaults to "warn".
+
+receive.denyNonFastForwards::
+	If set to true, git-receive-pack will deny a ref update which is
+	not a fast-forward. Use this to prevent such an update via a push,
+	even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
+	set when initializing a shared repository.
+
+receive.updateserverinfo::
+	If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
+	after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
+
+remote.<name>.url::
+	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
+	linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.pushurl::
+	The push URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.proxy::
+	For remotes that require curl (http, https and ftp), the URL to
+	the proxy to use for that remote.  Set to the empty string to
+	disable proxying for that remote.
+
+remote.<name>.fetch::
+	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-fetch[1]. See
+	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+remote.<name>.push::
+	The default set of "refspec" for linkgit:git-push[1]. See
+	linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.mirror::
+	If true, pushing to this remote will automatically behave
+	as if the `\--mirror` option was given on the command line.
+
+remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate::
+	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
+	using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
+	linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+remote.<name>.skipFetchAll::
+	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
+	using linkgit:git-fetch[1] or the `update` subcommand of
+	linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+remote.<name>.receivepack::
+	The default program to execute on the remote side when pushing.  See
+	option \--receive-pack of linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+remote.<name>.uploadpack::
+	The default program to execute on the remote side when fetching.  See
+	option \--upload-pack of linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
+
+remote.<name>.tagopt::
+	Setting this value to \--no-tags disables automatic tag following when
+	fetching from remote <name>
+
+remote.<name>.vcs::
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
+	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
+
+remotes.<group>::
+	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
+	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
+repack.usedeltabaseoffset::
+	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
+	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
+	git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
+	"false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the
+	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
+
+rerere.autoupdate::
+	When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the
+	resulting contents after it cleanly resolves conflicts using
+	previously recorded resolution.  Defaults to false.
+
+rerere.enabled::
+	Activate recording of resolved conflicts, so that identical
+	conflict hunks can be resolved automatically, should they
+	be encountered again.  linkgit:git-rerere[1] command is by
+	default enabled if you create `rr-cache` directory under
+	`$GIT_DIR`, but can be disabled by setting this option to false.
+
+sendemail.identity::
+	A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
+	'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
+	values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
+	the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
+
+sendemail.smtpencryption::
+	See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description.  Note that this
+	setting is not subject to the 'identity' mechanism.
+
+sendemail.smtpssl::
+	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'.
+
+sendemail.<identity>.*::
+	Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters
+	found below, taking precedence over those when the this
+	identity is selected, through command-line or
+	'sendemail.identity'.
+
+sendemail.aliasesfile::
+sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+sendemail.bcc::
+sendemail.cc::
+sendemail.cccmd::
+sendemail.chainreplyto::
+sendemail.confirm::
+sendemail.envelopesender::
+sendemail.from::
+sendemail.multiedit::
+sendemail.signedoffbycc::
+sendemail.smtppass::
+sendemail.suppresscc::
+sendemail.suppressfrom::
+sendemail.to::
+sendemail.smtpserver::
+sendemail.smtpserverport::
+sendemail.smtpuser::
+sendemail.thread::
+sendemail.validate::
+	See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description.
+
+sendemail.signedoffcc::
+	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.signedoffbycc'.
+
+showbranch.default::
+	The default set of branches for linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
+	See linkgit:git-show-branch[1].
+
+status.relativePaths::
+	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
+	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for git
+	prior to v1.5.4).
+
+status.showUntrackedFiles::
+	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
+	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
+	contain only untracked files, are shown with the directory name
+	only. Showing untracked files means that Git needs to lstat() all
+	all the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
+	systems. So, this variable controls how the commands displays
+	the untracked files. Possible values are:
++
+--
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'all'    - Shows also individual files in untracked directories.
+--
++
+If this variable is not specified, it defaults to 'normal'.
+This variable can be overridden with the -u|--untracked-files option
+of linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1].
+
+tar.umask::
+	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
+	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
+	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
+	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) and
+	linkgit:git-archive[1].
+
+transfer.unpackLimit::
+	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
+	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
+	The default value is 100.
+
+url.<base>.insteadOf::
+	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
+	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
+	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
+	access methods, and some users need to use different access
+	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
+	equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
+	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
+	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
+
+url.<base>.pushInsteadOf::
+	Any URL that starts with this value will not be pushed to;
+	instead, it will be rewritten to start with <base>, and the
+	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
+	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
+	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git
+	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
+	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
+	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this
+	setting for that remote.
+
+user.email::
+	Your email address to be recorded in any newly created commits.
+	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL', 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL', and
+	'EMAIL' environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
+
+user.name::
+	Your full name to be recorded in any newly created commits.
+	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME' and 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'
+	environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
+
+user.signingkey::
+	If linkgit:git-tag[1] is not selecting the key you want it to
+	automatically when creating a signed tag, you can override the
+	default selection with this variable.  This option is passed
+	unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key
+	using any method that gpg supports.
+
+web.browser::
+	Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
+	Currently only linkgit:git-instaweb[1] and linkgit:git-help[1]
+	may use it.
diff --git a/Documentation/date-formats.txt b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c000f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+DATE FORMATS
+------------
+
+The GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_DATE environment variables
+ifdef::git-commit[]
+and the `--date` option
+endif::git-commit[]
+support the following date formats:
+
+Git internal format::
+	It is `<unix timestamp> <timezone offset>`, where `<unix
+	timestamp>` is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
+	`<timezone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
+	For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is `+0200`.
+
+RFC 2822::
+	The standard email format as described by RFC 2822, for example
+	`Thu, 07 Apr 2005 22:13:13 +0200`.
+
+ISO 8601::
+	Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example
+	`2005-04-07T22:13:13`. The parser accepts a space instead of the
+	`T` character as well.
++
+NOTE: In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats:
+`YYYY.MM.DD`, `MM/DD/YYYY` and `DD.MM.YYYY`.
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-format.txt b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15c7e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+Raw output format
+-----------------
+
+The raw output format from "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree",
+"git-diff-files" and "git diff --raw" are very similar.
+
+These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
+compared differs:
+
+git-diff-index <tree-ish>::
+        compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
+
+git-diff-index --cached <tree-ish>::
+        compares the <tree-ish> and the index.
+
+git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>...]::
+        compares the trees named by the two arguments.
+
+git-diff-files [<pattern>...]::
+        compares the index and the files on the filesystem.
+
+The "git-diff-tree" command begins its output by printing the hash of
+what is being compared. After that, all the commands print one output
+line per changed file.
+
+An output line is formatted this way:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+in-place edit  :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
+copy-edit      :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
+rename-edit    :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
+create         :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
+delete         :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
+unmerged       :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6
+------------------------------------------------
+
+That is, from the left to the right:
+
+. a colon.
+. mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
+. a space.
+. mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
+. a space.
+. sha1 for "src"; 0\{40\} if creation or unmerged.
+. a space.
+. sha1 for "dst"; 0\{40\} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
+. a space.
+. status, followed by optional "score" number.
+. a tab or a NUL when '-z' option is used.
+. path for "src"
+. a tab or a NUL when '-z' option is used; only exists for C or R.
+. path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
+. an LF or a NUL when '-z' option is used, to terminate the record.
+
+Possible status letters are:
+
+- A: addition of a file
+- C: copy of a file into a new one
+- D: deletion of a file
+- M: modification of the contents or mode of a file
+- R: renaming of a file
+- T: change in the type of the file
+- U: file is unmerged (you must complete the merge before it can
+be committed)
+- X: "unknown" change type (most probably a bug, please report it)
+
+Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the
+percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or
+copy), and are the only ones to be so.
+
+<sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
+and it is out of sync with the index.
+
+Example:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c
+------------------------------------------------
+
+When `-z` option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
+in pathnames are represented as `\t`, `\n`, and `\\`,
+respectively.
+
+diff format for merges
+----------------------
+
+"git-diff-tree", "git-diff-files" and "git-diff --raw"
+can take '-c' or '--cc' option
+to generate diff output also for merge commits.  The output differs
+from the format described above in the following way:
+
+. there is a colon for each parent
+. there are more "src" modes and "src" sha1
+. status is concatenated status characters for each parent
+. no optional "score" number
+. single path, only for "dst"
+
+Example:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8... cc95eb0... 4866510... MM	describe.c
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that 'combined diff' lists only files which were modified from
+all parents.
+
+
+include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
+
+
+other diff formats
+------------------
+
+The `--summary` option describes newly added, deleted, renamed and
+copied files.  The `--stat` option adds diffstat(1) graph to the
+output.  These options can be combined with other options, such as
+`-p`, and are meant for human consumption.
+
+When showing a change that involves a rename or a copy, `--stat` output
+formats the pathnames compactly by combining common prefix and suffix of
+the pathnames.  For example, a change that moves `arch/i386/Makefile` to
+`arch/x86/Makefile` while modifying 4 lines will be shown like this:
+
+------------------------------------
+arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile    |   4 +--
+------------------------------------
+
+The `--numstat` option gives the diffstat(1) information but is designed
+for easier machine consumption.  An entry in `--numstat` output looks
+like this:
+
+----------------------------------------
+1	2	README
+3	1	arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile
+----------------------------------------
+
+That is, from left to right:
+
+. the number of added lines;
+. a tab;
+. the number of deleted lines;
+. a tab;
+. pathname (possibly with rename/copy information);
+. a newline.
+
+When `-z` output option is in effect, the output is formatted this way:
+
+----------------------------------------
+1	2	README NUL
+3	1	NUL arch/i386/Makefile NUL arch/x86/Makefile NUL
+----------------------------------------
+
+That is:
+
+. the number of added lines;
+. a tab;
+. the number of deleted lines;
+. a tab;
+. a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);
+. pathname in preimage;
+. a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);
+. pathname in postimage (only exists if renamed/copied);
+. a NUL.
+
+The extra `NUL` before the preimage path in renamed case is to allow
+scripts that read the output to tell if the current record being read is
+a single-path record or a rename/copy record without reading ahead.
+After reading added and deleted lines, reading up to `NUL` would yield
+the pathname, but if that is `NUL`, the record will show two paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f25ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+Generating patches with -p
+--------------------------
+
+When "git-diff-index", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
+with a '-p' option, "git diff" without the '--raw' option, or
+"git log" with the "-p" option, they
+do not produce the output described above; instead they produce a
+patch file.  You can customize the creation of such patches via the
+GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and the GIT_DIFF_OPTS environment variables.
+
+What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
+diff format.
+
+1.   It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
+     this:
+
+       diff --git a/file1 b/file2
++
+The `a/` and `b/` filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
+involved.  Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
+`/dev/null` is _not_ used in place of `a/` or `b/` filenames.
++
+When rename/copy is involved, `file1` and `file2` show the
+name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
+the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.
+
+2.   It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
+
+       old mode <mode>
+       new mode <mode>
+       deleted file mode <mode>
+       new file mode <mode>
+       copy from <path>
+       copy to <path>
+       rename from <path>
+       rename to <path>
+       similarity index <number>
+       dissimilarity index <number>
+       index <hash>..<hash> <mode>
+
+3.  TAB, LF, double quote and backslash characters in pathnames
+    are represented as `\t`, `\n`, `\"` and `\\`, respectively.
+    If there is need for such substitution then the whole
+    pathname is put in double quotes.
+
+The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and
+the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines.  It
+is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign.  The
+similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
+files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
+file made it into the new one.
+
+
+combined diff format
+--------------------
+
+"git-diff-tree", "git-diff-files" and "git-diff" can take '-c' or
+'--cc' option to produce 'combined diff'.  For showing a merge commit
+with "git log -p", this is the default format.
+A 'combined diff' format looks like this:
+
+------------
+diff --combined describe.c
+index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
+--- a/describe.c
++++ b/describe.c
+@@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
+	return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
+  }
+
+- static void describe(char *arg)
+ -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
+++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
+  {
+ +	unsigned char sha1[20];
+ +	struct commit *cmit;
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	static int initialized = 0;
+	struct commit_name *n;
+
+ +	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
+ +		usage(describe_usage);
+ +	cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+ +	if (!cmit)
+ +		usage(describe_usage);
+ +
+	if (!initialized) {
+		initialized = 1;
+		for_each_ref(get_name);
+------------
+
+1.   It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
+     this (when '-c' option is used):
+
+       diff --combined file
++
+or like this (when '--cc' option is used):
+
+       diff --cc file
+
+2.   It is followed by one or more extended header lines
+     (this example shows a merge with two parents):
+
+       index <hash>,<hash>..<hash>
+       mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
+       new file mode <mode>
+       deleted file mode <mode>,<mode>
++
+The `mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>` line appears only if at least one of
+the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with
+information about detected contents movement (renames and
+copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two
+<tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format.
+
+3.   It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
+
+       --- a/file
+       +++ b/file
++
+Similar to two-line header for traditional 'unified' diff
+format, `/dev/null` is used to signal created or deleted
+files.
+
+4.   Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
+     accidentally feeding it to `patch -p1`. Combined diff format
+     was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
+     meant for apply. The change is similar to the change in the
+     extended 'index' header:
+
+       @@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
++
+There are (number of parents + 1) `@` characters in the chunk
+header for combined diff format.
+
+Unlike the traditional 'unified' diff format, which shows two
+files A and B with a single column that has `-` (minus --
+appears in A but removed in B), `+` (plus -- missing in A but
+added to B), or `" "` (space -- unchanged) prefix, this format
+compares two or more files file1, file2,... with one file X, and
+shows how X differs from each of fileN.  One column for each of
+fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
+different from it.
+
+A `-` character in the column N means that the line appears in
+fileN but it does not appear in the result.  A `+` character
+in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
+and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
+added, from the point of view of that parent).
+
+In the above example output, the function signature was changed
+from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and
+file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear
+in either file1 nor file2).  Also eight other lines are the same
+from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `{plus}`).
+
+When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a
+merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
+parents).  When shown by `git diff-files -c`, it compares the
+two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
+(i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
+"their version").
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8707d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+// Please don't remove this comment as asciidoc behaves badly when
+// the first non-empty line is ifdef/ifndef. The symptom is that
+// without this comment the <git-diff-core> attribute conditionally
+// defined below ends up being defined unconditionally.
+// Last checked with asciidoc 7.0.2.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+ifndef::git-diff[]
+ifndef::git-log[]
+:git-diff-core: 1
+endif::git-log[]
+endif::git-diff[]
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+ifdef::git-format-patch[]
+-p::
+--no-stat::
+	Generate plain patches without any diffstats.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+-p::
+-u::
+	Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
+	{git-diff? This is the default.}
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+-U<n>::
+--unified=<n>::
+	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
+	the usual three.
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+	Implies `-p`.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+--raw::
+	Generate the raw format.
+	{git-diff-core? This is the default.}
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+--patch-with-raw::
+	Synonym for `-p --raw`.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+--patience::
+	Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
+
+--stat[=width[,name-width]]::
+	Generate a diffstat.  You can override the default
+	output width for 80-column terminal by `--stat=width`.
+	The width of the filename part can be controlled by
+	giving another width to it separated by a comma.
+
+--numstat::
+	Similar to `\--stat`, but shows number of added and
+	deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
+	abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly.  For
+	binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
+	`0 0`.
+
+--shortstat::
+	Output only the last line of the `--stat` format containing total
+	number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
+	lines.
+
+--dirstat[=limit]::
+	Output the distribution of relative amount of changes (number of lines added or
+	removed) for each sub-directory. Directories with changes below
+	a cut-off percent (3% by default) are not shown. The cut-off percent
+	can be set with `--dirstat=limit`. Changes in a child directory is not
+	counted for the parent directory, unless `--cumulative` is used.
+
+--dirstat-by-file[=limit]::
+	Same as `--dirstat`, but counts changed files instead of lines.
+
+--summary::
+	Output a condensed summary of extended header information
+	such as creations, renames and mode changes.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+--patch-with-stat::
+	Synonym for `-p --stat`.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+
+-z::
+ifdef::git-log[]
+	Separate the commits with NULs instead of with new newlines.
++
+Also, when `--raw` or `--numstat` has been given, do not munge
+pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
+endif::git-log[]
+ifndef::git-log[]
+	When `--raw` or `--numstat` has been given, do not munge
+	pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
+endif::git-log[]
++
+Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes,
+and backslash characters replaced with `\t`, `\n`, `\"`, and `\\`,
+respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if
+any of those replacements occurred.
+
+--name-only::
+	Show only names of changed files.
+
+--name-status::
+	Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
+	of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean.
+
+--submodule[=<format>]::
+	Chose the output format for submodule differences. <format> can be one of
+	'short' and 'log'. 'short' just shows pairs of commit names, this format
+	is used when this option is not given. 'log' is the default value for this
+	option and lists the commits in that commit range like the 'summary'
+	option of linkgit:git-submodule[1] does.
+
+--color::
+	Show colored diff.
+
+--no-color::
+	Turn off colored diff, even when the configuration file
+	gives the default to color output.
+
+--color-words[=<regex>]::
+	Show colored word diff, i.e., color words which have changed.
+	By default, words are separated by whitespace.
++
+When a <regex> is specified, every non-overlapping match of the
+<regex> is considered a word.  Anything between these matches is
+considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
+differences.  You may want to append `|[^[:space:]]` to your regular
+expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
+A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
+newline.
++
+The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
+linkgit:gitattributes[1] or linkgit:git-config[1].  Giving it explicitly
+overrides any diff driver or configuration setting.  Diff drivers
+override configuration settings.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+--no-renames::
+	Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
+	file gives the default to do so.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+--check::
+	Warn if changes introduce trailing whitespace
+	or an indent that uses a space before a tab. Exits with
+	non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible with
+	--exit-code.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+--full-index::
+	Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
+	pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
+	line when generating patch format output.
+
+--binary::
+	In addition to `--full-index`, output a binary diff that
+	can be applied with `git-apply`.
+
+--abbrev[=<n>]::
+	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
+	name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
+	lines, show only a partial prefix.  This is
+	independent of the `--full-index` option above, which controls
+	the diff-patch output format.  Non default number of
+	digits can be specified with `--abbrev=<n>`.
+
+-B::
+	Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
+
+-M::
+	Detect renames.
+
+-C::
+	Detect copies as well as renames.  See also `--find-copies-harder`.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+--diff-filter=[ACDMRTUXB*]::
+	Select only files that are Added (`A`), Copied (`C`),
+	Deleted (`D`), Modified (`M`), Renamed (`R`), have their
+	type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, ...) changed (`T`),
+	are Unmerged (`U`), are
+	Unknown (`X`), or have had their pairing Broken (`B`).
+	Any combination of the filter characters may be used.
+	When `*` (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
+	paths are selected if there is any file that matches
+	other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
+	that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+--find-copies-harder::
+	For performance reasons, by default, `-C` option finds copies only
+	if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
+	changeset.  This flag makes the command
+	inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
+	copy.  This is a very expensive operation for large
+	projects, so use it with caution.  Giving more than one
+	`-C` option has the same effect.
+
+-l<num>::
+	The `-M` and `-C` options require O(n^2) processing time where n
+	is the number of potential rename/copy targets.  This
+	option prevents rename/copy detection from running if
+	the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified
+	number.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+-S<string>::
+	Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
+	<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
+	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
+	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
+
+--pickaxe-all::
+	When `-S` finds a change, show all the changes in that
+	changeset, not just the files that contain the change
+	in <string>.
+
+--pickaxe-regex::
+	Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
+	regex to match.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+-O<orderfile>::
+	Output the patch in the order specified in the
+	<orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+-R::
+	Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
+	on-disk file to tree contents.
+
+--relative[=<path>]::
+	When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be
+	told to exclude changes outside the directory and show
+	pathnames relative to it with this option.  When you are
+	not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
+	can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
+	to by giving a <path> as an argument.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+-a::
+--text::
+	Treat all files as text.
+
+--ignore-space-at-eol::
+	Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
+
+-b::
+--ignore-space-change::
+	Ignore changes in amount of whitespace.  This ignores whitespace
+	at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
+	more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
+
+-w::
+--ignore-all-space::
+	Ignore whitespace when comparing lines.  This ignores
+	differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
+	line has none.
+
+--inter-hunk-context=<lines>::
+	Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
+	of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
+
+ifndef::git-format-patch[]
+--exit-code::
+	Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1).
+	That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and
+	0 means no differences.
+
+--quiet::
+	Disable all output of the program. Implies `--exit-code`.
+endif::git-format-patch[]
+
+--ext-diff::
+	Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an
+	external diff driver with linkgit:gitattributes[5], you need
+	to use this option with linkgit:git-log[1] and friends.
+
+--no-ext-diff::
+	Disallow external diff drivers.
+
+--ignore-submodules::
+	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation.
+
+--src-prefix=<prefix>::
+	Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".
+
+--dst-prefix=<prefix>::
+	Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".
+
+--no-prefix::
+	Do not show any source or destination prefix.
+
+For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
+linkgit:gitdiffcore[7].
diff --git a/Documentation/docbook-xsl.css b/Documentation/docbook-xsl.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e11c8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/docbook-xsl.css
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+  CSS stylesheet for XHTML produced by DocBook XSL stylesheets.
+  Tested with XSL stylesheets 1.61.2, 1.67.2
+*/
+
+span.strong {
+  font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+body blockquote {
+  margin-top: .75em;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  margin-bottom: .75em;
+}
+
+html body {
+  margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
+  line-height: 1.2;
+  font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+body div {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
+div.toc p b,
+div.list-of-figures p b,
+div.list-of-tables p b,
+div.abstract p.title
+{
+  color: #527bbd;
+  font-family: tahoma, verdana, sans-serif;
+}
+
+div.toc p:first-child,
+div.list-of-figures p:first-child,
+div.list-of-tables p:first-child,
+div.example p.title
+{
+  margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+}
+
+body h1 {
+  margin: .0em 0 0 -4%;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+  border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
+}
+
+body h2 {
+  margin: 0.5em 0 0 -4%;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+  border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
+}
+
+body h3 {
+  margin: .8em 0 0 -3%;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+}
+
+body h4 {
+  margin: .8em 0 0 -3%;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+}
+
+body h5 {
+  margin: .8em 0 0 -2%;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+}
+
+body h6 {
+  margin: .8em 0 0 -1%;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+}
+
+body hr {
+  border: none; /* Broken on IE6 */
+}
+div.footnotes hr {
+  border: 1px solid silver;
+}
+
+div.navheader th, div.navheader td, div.navfooter td {
+  font-family: sans-serif;
+  font-size: 0.9em;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  color: #527bbd;
+}
+div.navheader img, div.navfooter img {
+  border-style: none;
+}
+div.navheader a, div.navfooter a {
+  font-weight: normal;
+}
+div.navfooter hr {
+  border: 1px solid silver;
+}
+
+body td {
+  line-height: 1.2
+}
+
+body th {
+  line-height: 1.2;
+}
+
+ol {
+  line-height: 1.2;
+}
+
+ul, body dir, body menu {
+  line-height: 1.2;
+}
+
+html {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+body h1, body h2, body h3, body h4, body h5, body h6 {
+  margin-left: 0
+}
+
+body pre {
+  margin: 0.5em 10% 0.5em 1em;
+  line-height: 1.0;
+  color: navy;
+}
+
+tt.literal, code.literal {
+  color: navy;
+  font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+code.literal:before { content: "'"; }
+code.literal:after { content: "'"; }
+
+em {
+  font-style: italic;
+  color: #064;
+}
+
+div.literallayout p {
+  padding: 0em;
+  margin: 0em;
+}
+
+div.literallayout {
+  font-family: monospace;
+  margin: 0em;
+  color: navy;
+  border: 1px solid silver;
+  background: #f4f4f4;
+  padding: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.programlisting, .screen {
+  border: 1px solid silver;
+  background: #f4f4f4;
+  margin: 0.5em 10% 0.5em 0;
+  padding: 0.5em 1em;
+}
+
+div.sidebar {
+  background: #ffffee;
+  margin: 1.0em 10% 0.5em 0;
+  padding: 0.5em 1em;
+  border: 1px solid silver;
+}
+div.sidebar * { padding: 0; }
+div.sidebar div { margin: 0; }
+div.sidebar p.title {
+  font-family: sans-serif;
+  margin-top: 0.5em;
+  margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+}
+
+div.bibliomixed {
+  margin: 0.5em 5% 0.5em 1em;
+}
+
+div.glossary dt {
+  font-weight: bold;
+}
+div.glossary dd p {
+  margin-top: 0.2em;
+}
+
+dl {
+  margin: .8em 0;
+  line-height: 1.2;
+}
+
+dt {
+  margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+dt span.term {
+  font-style: normal;
+  color: navy;
+}
+
+div.variablelist dd p {
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+div.itemizedlist li, div.orderedlist li {
+  margin-left: -0.8em;
+  margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+ul, ol {
+    list-style-position: outside;
+}
+
+div.sidebar ul, div.sidebar ol {
+    margin-left: 2.8em;
+}
+
+div.itemizedlist p.title,
+div.orderedlist p.title,
+div.variablelist p.title
+{
+  margin-bottom: -0.8em;
+}
+
+div.revhistory table {
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+  border: none;
+}
+div.revhistory th {
+  border: none;
+  color: #527bbd;
+  font-family: tahoma, verdana, sans-serif;
+}
+div.revhistory td {
+  border: 1px solid silver;
+}
+
+/* Keep TOC and index lines close together. */
+div.toc dl, div.toc dt,
+div.list-of-figures dl, div.list-of-figures dt,
+div.list-of-tables dl, div.list-of-tables dt,
+div.indexdiv dl, div.indexdiv dt
+{
+  line-height: normal;
+  margin-top: 0;
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/*
+  Table styling does not work because of overriding attributes in
+  generated HTML.
+*/
+div.table table,
+div.informaltable table
+{
+    margin-left: 0;
+    margin-right: 5%;
+    margin-bottom: 0.8em;
+}
+div.informaltable table
+{
+    margin-top: 0.4em
+}
+div.table thead,
+div.table tfoot,
+div.table tbody,
+div.informaltable thead,
+div.informaltable tfoot,
+div.informaltable tbody
+{
+    /* No effect in IE6. */
+    border-top: 2px solid #527bbd;
+    border-bottom: 2px solid #527bbd;
+}
+div.table thead, div.table tfoot,
+div.informaltable thead, div.informaltable tfoot
+{
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+div.mediaobject img {
+    border: 1px solid silver;
+    margin-bottom: 0.8em;
+}
+div.figure p.title,
+div.table p.title
+{
+  margin-top: 1em;
+  margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+}
+
+@media print {
+  div.navheader, div.navfooter { display: none; }
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/docbook.xsl b/Documentation/docbook.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a6912c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/docbook.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version='1.0'>
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/html/docbook.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:output method="html" encoding="UTF-8" indent="no" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9310b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
+===================================
+
+<<Basic Repository>> commands are needed by people who have a
+repository --- that is everybody, because every working tree of
+git is a repository.
+
+In addition, <<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are
+essential for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who
+works alone.
+
+If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
+the <<Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.
+
+People who play the <<Integrator>> role need to learn some more
+commands in addition to the above.
+
+<<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
+administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
+of git repositories.
+
+
+Basic Repository[[Basic Repository]]
+------------------------------------
+
+Everybody uses these commands to maintain git repositories.
+
+  * linkgit:git-init[1] or linkgit:git-clone[1] to create a
+    new repository.
+
+  * linkgit:git-fsck[1] to check the repository for errors.
+
+  * linkgit:git-gc[1] to do common housekeeping tasks such as
+    repack and prune.
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Check health and remove cruft.::
++
+------------
+$ git fsck <1>
+$ git count-objects <2>
+$ git gc <3>
+------------
++
+<1> running without `\--full` is usually cheap and assures the
+repository health reasonably well.
+<2> check how many loose objects there are and how much
+disk space is wasted by not repacking.
+<3> repacks the local repository and performs other housekeeping tasks.
+
+Repack a small project into single pack.::
++
+------------
+$ git gc <1>
+------------
++
+<1> pack all the objects reachable from the refs into one pack,
+then remove the other packs.
+
+
+Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
+other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
+following commands.
+
+  * linkgit:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are.
+
+  * linkgit:git-log[1] to see what happened.
+
+  * linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch
+    branches.
+
+  * linkgit:git-add[1] to manage the index file.
+
+  * linkgit:git-diff[1] and linkgit:git-status[1] to see what
+    you are in the middle of doing.
+
+  * linkgit:git-commit[1] to advance the current branch.
+
+  * linkgit:git-reset[1] and linkgit:git-checkout[1] (with
+    pathname parameters) to undo changes.
+
+  * linkgit:git-merge[1] to merge between local branches.
+
+  * linkgit:git-rebase[1] to maintain topic branches.
+
+  * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark known point.
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.::
++
+------------
+$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz
+$ cd frotz
+$ git init
+$ git add . <1>
+$ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree."
+$ git tag v2.43 <2>
+------------
++
+<1> add everything under the current directory.
+<2> make a lightweight, unannotated tag.
+
+Create a topic branch and develop.::
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <1>
+$ edit/compile/test
+$ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <2>
+$ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <3>
+$ edit/compile/test
+$ git diff HEAD <4>
+$ git commit -a -s <5>
+$ edit/compile/test
+$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <6>
+$ edit/compile/test
+$ git diff ORIG_HEAD <7>
+$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <8>
+$ git checkout master <9>
+$ git merge alsa-audio <10>
+$ git log --since='3 days ago' <11>
+$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12>
+------------
++
+<1> create a new topic branch.
+<2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
+<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
+modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
+<4> to see what changes you are committing.
+<5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
+<6> take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree.
+<7> look at the changes since the premature commit we took back.
+<8> redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message
+you originally wrote.
+<9> switch to the master branch.
+<10> merge a topic branch into your master branch.
+<11> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
+combined and include `\--max-count=10` (show 10 commits),
+`\--until=2005-12-10`, etc.
+<12> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/`
+directory, since `v2.43` tag.
+
+
+Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]]
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
+learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
+addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.
+
+  * linkgit:git-clone[1] from the upstream to prime your local
+    repository.
+
+  * linkgit:git-pull[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1] from "origin"
+    to keep up-to-date with the upstream.
+
+  * linkgit:git-push[1] to shared repository, if you adopt CVS
+    style shared repository workflow.
+
+  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare e-mail submission, if
+    you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.::
++
+------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
+$ cd my2.6
+$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <1>
+$ git format-patch origin <2>
+$ git pull <3>
+$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <4>
+$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <5>
+$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <6>
+$ git gc <7>
+$ git fetch --tags <8>
+------------
++
+<1> repeat as needed.
+<2> extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission.
+<3> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the
+current branch.
+<4> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
+since last time we checked, only in the
+area we are interested in.
+<5> fetch from a specific branch from a specific repository and merge.
+<6> revert the pull.
+<7> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
+<8> from time to time, obtain official tags from the `origin`
+and store them under `.git/refs/tags/`.
+
+
+Push into another repository.::
++
+------------
+satellite$ git clone mothership:frotz frotz <1>
+satellite$ cd frotz
+satellite$ git config --get-regexp '^(remote|branch)\.' <2>
+remote.origin.url mothership:frotz
+remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+branch.master.remote origin
+branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
+satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \
+           master:refs/remotes/satellite/master <3>
+satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
+satellite$ git push origin <4>
+
+mothership$ cd frotz
+mothership$ git checkout master
+mothership$ git merge satellite/master <5>
+------------
++
+<1> mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home
+directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite
+machine.
+<2> clone sets these configuration variables by default.
+It arranges `git pull` to fetch and store the branches of mothership
+machine to local `remotes/origin/*` tracking branches.
+<3> arrange `git push` to push local `master` branch to
+`remotes/satellite/master` branch of the mothership machine.
+<4> push will stash our work away on `remotes/satellite/master`
+tracking branch on the mothership machine.  You could use this as
+a back-up method.
+<5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
+machine into the master branch.
+
+Branch off of a specific tag.::
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
+$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
+$ git checkout master
+$ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
+  git am -3 -k <2>
+------------
++
+<1> create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
+tag.
+<2> forward port all changes in `private2.6.14` branch to `master` branch
+without a formal "merging".
+
+
+Integrator[[Integrator]]
+------------------------
+
+A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
+project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
+them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
+commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
+
+  * linkgit:git-am[1] to apply patches e-mailed in from your
+    contributors.
+
+  * linkgit:git-pull[1] to merge from your trusted lieutenants.
+
+  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare and send suggested
+    alternative to contributors.
+
+  * linkgit:git-revert[1] to undo botched commits.
+
+  * linkgit:git-push[1] to publish the bleeding edge.
+
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+My typical GIT day.::
++
+------------
+$ git status <1>
+$ git show-branch <2>
+$ mailx <3>
+& s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
+& s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
+& q
+$ git checkout -b topic/one master
+$ git am -3 -i -s -u ./+to-apply <4>
+$ compile/test
+$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s -u ./+hold-linus <5>
+$ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6>
+$ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7>
+$ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8>
+$ git checkout maint
+$ git cherry-pick master~4 <9>
+$ compile/test
+$ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10>
+$ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <11>
+$ git push ko <12>
+$ git push ko v0.99.9x <13>
+------------
++
+<1> see what I was in the middle of doing, if any.
+<2> see what topic branches I have and think about how ready
+they are.
+<3> read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others
+that are not quite ready.
+<4> apply them, interactively, with my sign-offs.
+<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my
+sign-offs.
+<6> rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the
+master, nor exposed as a part of a stable branch.
+<7> restart `pu` every time from the next.
+<8> and bundle topic branches still cooking.
+<9> backport a critical fix.
+<10> create a signed tag.
+<11> make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I
+already pushed out.  `ko` shorthand points at the repository I have
+at kernel.org, and looks like this:
++
+------------
+$ cat .git/remotes/ko
+URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
+Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master
+Pull: next:refs/tags/ko-next
+Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint
+Push: master
+Push: next
+Push: +pu
+Push: maint
+------------
++
+In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have
+everything `ko-master` has, and `next` should have
+everything `ko-next` has.
+
+<12> push out the bleeding edge.
+<13> push the tag out, too.
+
+
+Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]]
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
+and maintain access to the repository by developers.
+
+  * linkgit:git-daemon[1] to allow anonymous download from
+    repository.
+
+  * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
+    for shared central repository users.
+
+link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good
+example of managing a shared central repository.
+
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+We assume the following in /etc/services::
++
+------------
+$ grep 9418 /etc/services
+git		9418/tcp		# Git Version Control System
+------------
+
+Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd.::
++
+------------
+$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf
+git	stream	tcp	nowait	nobody \
+  /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --export-all /pub/scm
+------------
++
+The actual configuration line should be on one line.
+
+Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.::
++
+------------
+$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
+# default: off
+# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+service git
+{
+        disable = no
+        type            = UNLISTED
+        port            = 9418
+        socket_type     = stream
+        wait            = no
+        user            = nobody
+        server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
+        server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
+        log_on_failure  += USERID
+}
+------------
++
+Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
+Others might be different.
+
+Give push/pull only access to developers.::
++
+------------
+$ grep git /etc/passwd <1>
+alice:x:1000:1000::/home/alice:/usr/bin/git-shell
+bob:x:1001:1001::/home/bob:/usr/bin/git-shell
+cindy:x:1002:1002::/home/cindy:/usr/bin/git-shell
+david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell
+$ grep git /etc/shells <2>
+/usr/bin/git-shell
+------------
++
+<1> log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
+allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`.  The users should
+get an ssh access to the machine.
+<2> in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
+as the login shell.
+
+CVS-style shared repository.::
++
+------------
+$ grep git /etc/group <1>
+git:x:9418:alice,bob,cindy,david
+$ cd /home/devo.git
+$ ls -l <2>
+  lrwxrwxrwx   1 david git    17 Dec  4 22:40 HEAD -> refs/heads/master
+  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 branches
+  -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    84 Dec  4 22:40 config
+  -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    58 Dec  4 22:40 description
+  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 hooks
+  -rw-rw-r--   1 david git 37504 Dec  4 22:40 index
+  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 info
+  drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 objects
+  drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Nov  7 14:58 refs
+  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 remotes
+$ ls -l hooks/update <3>
+  -r-xr-xr-x   1 david git  3536 Dec  4 22:40 update
+$ cat info/allowed-users <4>
+refs/heads/master	alice\|cindy
+refs/heads/doc-update	bob
+refs/tags/v[0-9]*	david
+------------
++
+<1> place the developers into the same git group.
+<2> and make the shared repository writable by the group.
+<3> use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/
+for branch policy control.
+<4> alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update.
+david is the release manager and is the only person who can
+create and push version tags.
+
+HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer.::
++
+------------
+dev$ git update-server-info <1>
+dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <2>
+ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git
+------------
++
+<1> make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date
+<2> upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe716b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+--all::
+	Fetch all remotes.
+
+-a::
+--append::
+	Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
+	existing contents of `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  Without this
+	option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
+
+--depth=<depth>::
+	Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
+	`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
+	by the specified number of commits.
+
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+--dry-run::
+	Show what would be done, without making any changes.
+endif::git-pull[]
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	When 'git fetch' is used with `<rbranch>:<lbranch>`
+	refspec, it refuses to update the local branch
+	`<lbranch>` unless the remote branch `<rbranch>` it
+	fetches is a descendant of `<lbranch>`.  This option
+	overrides that check.
+
+-k::
+--keep::
+	Keep downloaded pack.
+
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+--multiple::
+	Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be
+	specified. No <refspec>s may be specified.
+
+--prune::
+	After fetching, remove any remote tracking branches which
+	no longer exist	on the remote.
+endif::git-pull[]
+
+ifdef::git-pull[]
+--no-tags::
+endif::git-pull[]
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+-n::
+--no-tags::
+endif::git-pull[]
+	By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
+	from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
+	This option disables this automatic tag following.
+
+-t::
+--tags::
+	Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch
+	heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at
+	objects reachable from the branch heads that are being
+	tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism.  This
+	flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
+	downloaded.
+
+-u::
+--update-head-ok::
+	By default 'git fetch' refuses to update the head which
+	corresponds to the current branch.  This flag disables the
+	check.  This is purely for the internal use for 'git pull'
+	to communicate with 'git fetch', and unless you are
+	implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
+	use it.
+
+--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
+	When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
+	by 'git fetch-pack', '--exec=<upload-pack>' is passed to
+	the command to specify non-default path for the command
+	run on the other end.
+
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally
+	used git commands.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Be verbose.
+endif::git-pull[]
diff --git a/Documentation/fix-texi.perl b/Documentation/fix-texi.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ff7d78f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fix-texi.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+while (<>) {
+	if (/^\@setfilename/) {
+		$_ = "\@setfilename git.info\n";
+	} elsif (/^\@direntry/) {
+		print '@dircategory Development
+@direntry
+* Git: (git).           A fast distributed revision control system
+@end direntry
+';	}
+	unless (/^\@direntry/../^\@end direntry/) {
+		print;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f74fcf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+git-add(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-add - Add file contents to the index
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git add' [-n] [-v] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
+	  [--edit | -e] [--all | [--update | -u]] [--intent-to-add | -N]
+	  [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--] [<filepattern>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command updates the index using the current content found in
+the working tree, to prepare the content staged for the next commit.
+It typically adds the current content of existing paths as a whole,
+but with some options it can also be used to add content with
+only part of the changes made to the working tree files applied, or
+remove paths that do not exist in the working tree anymore.
+
+The "index" holds a snapshot of the content of the working tree, and it
+is this snapshot that is taken as the contents of the next commit.  Thus
+after making any changes to the working directory, and before running
+the commit command, you must use the `add` command to add any new or
+modified files to the index.
+
+This command can be performed multiple times before a commit.  It only
+adds the content of the specified file(s) at the time the add command is
+run; if you want subsequent changes included in the next commit, then
+you must run `git add` again to add the new content to the index.
+
+The `git status` command can be used to obtain a summary of which
+files have changes that are staged for the next commit.
+
+The `git add` command will not add ignored files by default.  If any
+ignored files were explicitly specified on the command line, `git add`
+will fail with a list of ignored files.  Ignored files reached by
+directory recursion or filename globbing performed by Git (quote your
+globs before the shell) will be silently ignored.  The 'git add' command can
+be used to add ignored files with the `-f` (force) option.
+
+Please see linkgit:git-commit[1] for alternative ways to add content to a
+commit.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<filepattern>...::
+	Files to add content from.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
+	be given to add all matching files.  Also a
+	leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
+	and `dir/file2`) can be given to add all files in the
+	directory, recursively.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+        Don't actually add the file(s), just show if they exist.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+        Be verbose.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	Allow adding otherwise ignored files.
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Add modified contents in the working tree interactively to
+	the index. Optional path arguments may be supplied to limit
+	operation to a subset of the working tree. See ``Interactive
+	mode'' for details.
+
+-p::
+--patch::
+	Interactively choose hunks of patch between the index and the
+	work tree and add them to the index. This gives the user a chance
+	to review the difference before adding modified contents to the
+	index.
++
+This effectively runs `add --interactive`, but bypasses the
+initial command menu and directly jumps to the `patch` subcommand.
+See ``Interactive mode'' for details.
+
+-e, \--edit::
+	Open the diff vs. the index in an editor and let the user
+	edit it.  After the editor was closed, adjust the hunk headers
+	and apply the patch to the index.
++
+*NOTE*: Obviously, if you change anything else than the first character
+on lines beginning with a space or a minus, the patch will no longer
+apply.
+
+-u::
+--update::
+	Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
+	the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
+	will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
+	new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
+	from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
+	have been removed.
++
+If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
+update all tracked files in the current directory and its
+subdirectories.
+
+-A::
+--all::
+	Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
+	working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
+	will find new files as well as staging modified content and
+	removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
+
+-N::
+--intent-to-add::
+	Record only the fact that the path will be added later. An entry
+	for the path is placed in the index with no content. This is
+	useful for, among other things, showing the unstaged content of
+	such files with `git diff` and committing them with `git commit
+	-a`.
+
+--refresh::
+	Don't add the file(s), but only refresh their stat()
+	information in the index.
+
+--ignore-errors::
+	If some files could not be added because of errors indexing
+	them, do not abort the operation, but continue adding the
+	others. The command shall still exit with non-zero status.
+
+\--::
+	This option can be used to separate command-line options from
+	the list of files, (useful when filenames might be mistaken
+	for command-line options).
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The optional configuration variable `core.excludesfile` indicates a path to a
+file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to
+$GIT_DIR/info/exclude.  Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
+those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5].
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Adds content from all `\*.txt` files under `Documentation` directory
+and its subdirectories:
++
+------------
+$ git add Documentation/\\*.txt
+------------
++
+Note that the asterisk `\*` is quoted from the shell in this
+example; this lets the command include the files from
+subdirectories of `Documentation/` directory.
+
+* Considers adding content from all git-*.sh scripts:
++
+------------
+$ git add git-*.sh
+------------
++
+Because this example lets the shell expand the asterisk (i.e. you are
+listing the files explicitly), it does not consider
+`subdir/git-foo.sh`.
+
+Interactive mode
+----------------
+When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
+output of the 'status' subcommand, and then goes into its
+interactive command loop.
+
+The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
+gives a prompt "What now> ".  In general, when the prompt ends
+with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given
+and type return, like this:
+
+------------
+    *** Commands ***
+      1: status       2: update       3: revert       4: add untracked
+      5: patch        6: diff         7: quit         8: help
+    What now> 1
+------------
+
+You also could say `s` or `sta` or `status` above as long as the
+choice is unique.
+
+The main command loop has 6 subcommands (plus help and quit).
+
+status::
+
+   This shows the change between HEAD and index (i.e. what will be
+   committed if you say `git commit`), and between index and
+   working tree files (i.e. what you could stage further before
+   `git commit` using `git add`) for each path.  A sample output
+   looks like this:
++
+------------
+              staged     unstaged path
+     1:       binary      nothing foo.png
+     2:     +403/-35        +1/-1 git-add--interactive.perl
+------------
++
+It shows that foo.png has differences from HEAD (but that is
+binary so line count cannot be shown) and there is no
+difference between indexed copy and the working tree
+version (if the working tree version were also different,
+'binary' would have been shown in place of 'nothing').  The
+other file, git-add--interactive.perl, has 403 lines added
+and 35 lines deleted if you commit what is in the index, but
+working tree file has further modifications (one addition and
+one deletion).
+
+update::
+
+   This shows the status information and issues an "Update>>"
+   prompt.  When the prompt ends with double '>>', you can
+   make more than one selection, concatenated with whitespace or
+   comma.  Also you can say ranges.  E.g. "2-5 7,9" to choose
+   2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list.  If the second number in a range is
+   omitted, all remaining patches are taken.  E.g. "7-" to choose
+   7,8,9 from the list.  You can say '*' to choose everything.
++
+What you chose are then highlighted with '*',
+like this:
++
+------------
+           staged     unstaged path
+  1:       binary      nothing foo.png
+* 2:     +403/-35        +1/-1 git-add--interactive.perl
+------------
++
+To remove selection, prefix the input with `-`
+like this:
++
+------------
+Update>> -2
+------------
++
+After making the selection, answer with an empty line to stage the
+contents of working tree files for selected paths in the index.
+
+revert::
+
+  This has a very similar UI to 'update', and the staged
+  information for selected paths are reverted to that of the
+  HEAD version.  Reverting new paths makes them untracked.
+
+add untracked::
+
+  This has a very similar UI to 'update' and
+  'revert', and lets you add untracked paths to the index.
+
+patch::
+
+  This lets you choose one path out of a 'status' like selection.
+  After choosing the path, it presents the diff between the index
+  and the working tree file and asks you if you want to stage
+  the change of each hunk.  You can say:
+
+       y - stage this hunk
+       n - do not stage this hunk
+       q - quit, do not stage this hunk nor any of the remaining ones
+       a - stage this and all the remaining hunks in the file
+       d - do not stage this hunk nor any of the remaining hunks in the file
+       g - select a hunk to go to
+       / - search for a hunk matching the given regex
+       j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
+       J - leave this hunk undecided, see next hunk
+       k - leave this hunk undecided, see previous undecided hunk
+       K - leave this hunk undecided, see previous hunk
+       s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks
+       e - manually edit the current hunk
+       ? - print help
++
+After deciding the fate for all hunks, if there is any hunk
+that was chosen, the index is updated with the selected hunks.
+
+diff::
+
+  This lets you review what will be committed (i.e. between
+  HEAD and index).
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-status[1]
+linkgit:git-rm[1]
+linkgit:git-reset[1]
+linkgit:git-mv[1]
+linkgit:git-commit[1]
+linkgit:git-update-index[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3e4f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+git-am(1)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-am - Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
+	 [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
+	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
+	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
+	 [--reject] [-q | --quiet] [--scissors | --no-scissors]
+	 [<mbox> | <Maildir>...]
+'git am' (--skip | --resolved | --abort)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Splits mail messages in a mailbox into commit log message,
+authorship information and patches, and applies them to the
+current branch.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<mbox>|<Maildir>...::
+	The list of mailbox files to read patches from. If you do not
+	supply this argument, the command reads from the standard input.
+	If you supply directories, they will be treated as Maildirs.
+
+-s::
+--signoff::
+	Add a `Signed-off-by:` line to the commit message, using
+	the committer identity of yourself.
+
+-k::
+--keep::
+	Pass `-k` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+
+-c::
+--scissors::
+	Remove everything in body before a scissors line (see
+	linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+
+---no-scissors::
+	Ignore scissors lines (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be quiet. Only print error messages.
+
+-u::
+--utf8::
+	Pass `-u` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+	The proposed commit log message taken from the e-mail
+	is re-coded into UTF-8 encoding (configuration variable
+	`i18n.commitencoding` can be used to specify project's
+	preferred encoding if it is not UTF-8).
++
+This was optional in prior versions of git, but now it is the
+default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
+
+--no-utf8::
+	Pass `-n` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see
+	linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+
+-3::
+--3way::
+	When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on
+	3-way merge if the patch records the identity of blobs
+	it is supposed to apply to and we have those blobs
+	available locally.
+
+--ignore-date::
+--ignore-space-change::
+--ignore-whitespace::
+--whitespace=<option>::
+-C<n>::
+-p<n>::
+--directory=<dir>::
+--reject::
+	These flags are passed to the 'git apply' (see linkgit:git-apply[1])
+	program that applies
+	the patch.
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Run interactively.
+
+--committer-date-is-author-date::
+	By default the command records the date from the e-mail
+	message as the commit author date, and uses the time of
+	commit creation as the committer date. This allows the
+	user to lie about the committer date by using the same
+	value as the author date.
+
+--ignore-date::
+	By default the command records the date from the e-mail
+	message as the commit author date, and uses the time of
+	commit creation as the committer date. This allows the
+	user to lie about the author date by using the same
+	value as the committer date.
+
+--skip::
+	Skip the current patch.  This is only meaningful when
+	restarting an aborted patch.
+
+-r::
+--resolved::
+	After a patch failure (e.g. attempting to apply
+	conflicting patch), the user has applied it by hand and
+	the index file stores the result of the application.
+	Make a commit using the authorship and commit log
+	extracted from the e-mail message and the current index
+	file, and continue.
+
+--resolvemsg=<msg>::
+	When a patch failure occurs, <msg> will be printed
+	to the screen before exiting.  This overrides the
+	standard message informing you to use `--resolved`
+	or `--skip` to handle the failure.  This is solely
+	for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'.
+
+--abort::
+	Restore the original branch and abort the patching operation.
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+The commit author name is taken from the "From: " line of the
+message, and commit author date is taken from the "Date: " line
+of the message.  The "Subject: " line is used as the title of
+the commit, after stripping common prefix "[PATCH <anything>]".
+The "Subject: " line is supposed to concisely describe what the
+commit is about in one line of text.
+
+"From: " and "Subject: " lines starting the body override the respective
+commit author name and title values taken from the headers.
+
+The commit message is formed by the title taken from the
+"Subject: ", a blank line and the body of the message up to
+where the patch begins.  Excess whitespace at the end of each
+line is automatically stripped.
+
+The patch is expected to be inline, directly following the
+message.  Any line that is of the form:
+
+* three-dashes and end-of-line, or
+* a line that begins with "diff -", or
+* a line that begins with "Index: "
+
+is taken as the beginning of a patch, and the commit log message
+is terminated before the first occurrence of such a line.
+
+When initially invoking `git am`, you give it the names of the mailboxes
+to process.  Upon seeing the first patch that does not apply, it
+aborts in the middle.  You can recover from this in one of two ways:
+
+. skip the current patch by re-running the command with the '--skip'
+  option.
+
+. hand resolve the conflict in the working directory, and update
+  the index file to bring it into a state that the patch should
+  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--resolved' option.
+
+The command refuses to process new mailboxes while the `.git/rebase-apply`
+directory exists, so if you decide to start over from scratch,
+run `rm -f -r .git/rebase-apply` before running the command with mailbox
+names.
+
+Before any patches are applied, ORIG_HEAD is set to the tip of the
+current branch.  This is useful if you have problems with multiple
+commits, like running 'git am' on the wrong branch or an error in the
+commits that is more easily fixed by changing the mailbox (e.g.
+errors in the "From:" lines).
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-apply[1].
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Petr Baudis, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-annotate.txt b/Documentation/git-annotate.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0590eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-annotate.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+git-annotate(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-annotate - Annotate file lines with commit information
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git annotate' [options] file [revision]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Annotates each line in the given file with information from the commit
+which introduced the line. Optionally annotates from a given revision.
+
+The only difference between this command and linkgit:git-blame[1] is that
+they use slightly different output formats, and this command exists only
+for backward compatibility to support existing scripts, and provide a more
+familiar command name for people coming from other SCM systems.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::blame-options.txt[]
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-blame[1]
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8463439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+git-apply(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index]
+	  [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse]
+	  [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z]
+	  [-pNUM] [-CNUM] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached]
+	  [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace ]
+	  [--whitespace=<nowarn|warn|fix|error|error-all>]
+	  [--exclude=PATH] [--include=PATH] [--directory=<root>]
+	  [--verbose] [<patch>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads the supplied diff output (i.e. "a patch") and applies it to files.
+With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
+with the `--cache` option the patch is only applied to the index.
+Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
+and does not require them to be in a git repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<patch>...::
+	The files to read the patch from.  '-' can be used to read
+	from the standard input.
+
+--stat::
+	Instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the
+	input.  Turns off "apply".
+
+--numstat::
+	Similar to `--stat`, but shows the number of added and
+	deleted lines in decimal notation and the pathname without
+	abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly.  For
+	binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
+	`0 0`.  Turns off "apply".
+
+--summary::
+	Instead of applying the patch, output a condensed
+	summary of information obtained from git diff extended
+	headers, such as creations, renames and mode changes.
+	Turns off "apply".
+
+--check::
+	Instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is
+	applicable to the current working tree and/or the index
+	file and detects errors.  Turns off "apply".
+
+--index::
+	When `--check` is in effect, or when applying the patch
+	(which is the default when none of the options that
+	disables it is in effect), make sure the patch is
+	applicable to what the current index file records.  If
+	the file to be patched in the working tree is not
+	up-to-date, it is flagged as an error.  This flag also
+	causes the index file to be updated.
+
+--cached::
+	Apply a patch without touching the working tree. Instead take the
+	cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index
+	without using the working tree. This implies `--index`.
+
+--build-fake-ancestor=<file>::
+	Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information'
+	for each blob to help identify the original version that
+	the patch applies to.  When this flag is given, and if
+	the original versions of the blobs are available locally,
+	builds a temporary index containing those blobs.
++
+When a pure mode change is encountered (which has no index information),
+the information is read from the current index instead.
+
+-R::
+--reverse::
+	Apply the patch in reverse.
+
+--reject::
+	For atomicity, 'git apply' by default fails the whole patch and
+	does not touch the working tree when some of the hunks
+	do not apply.  This option makes it apply
+	the parts of the patch that are applicable, and leave the
+	rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files.
+
+-z::
+	When `--numstat` has been given, do not munge pathnames,
+	but use a NUL-terminated machine-readable format.
++
+Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes,
+and backslash characters replaced with `\t`, `\n`, `\"`, and `\\`,
+respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if
+any of those replacements occurred.
+
+-p<n>::
+	Remove <n> leading slashes from traditional diff paths. The
+	default is 1.
+
+-C<n>::
+	Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before
+	and after each change.  When fewer lines of surrounding
+	context exist they all must match.  By default no context is
+	ever ignored.
+
+--unidiff-zero::
+	By default, 'git apply' expects that the patch being
+	applied is a unified diff with at least one line of context.
+	This provides good safety measures, but breaks down when
+	applying a diff generated with `--unified=0`. To bypass these
+	checks use `--unidiff-zero`.
++
+Note, for the reasons stated above usage of context-free patches is
+discouraged.
+
+--apply::
+	If you use any of the options marked "Turns off
+	'apply'" above, 'git apply' reads and outputs the
+	requested information without actually applying the
+	patch.  Give this flag after those flags to also apply
+	the patch.
+
+--no-add::
+	When applying a patch, ignore additions made by the
+	patch.  This can be used to extract the common part between
+	two files by first running 'diff' on them and applying
+	the result with this option, which would apply the
+	deletion part but not the addition part.
+
+--allow-binary-replacement::
+--binary::
+	Historically we did not allow binary patch applied
+	without an explicit permission from the user, and this
+	flag was the way to do so.  Currently we always allow binary
+	patch application, so this is a no-op.
+
+--exclude=<path-pattern>::
+	Don't apply changes to files matching the given path pattern. This can
+	be useful when importing patchsets, where you want to exclude certain
+	files or directories.
+
+--include=<path-pattern>::
+	Apply changes to files matching the given path pattern. This can
+	be useful when importing patchsets, where you want to include certain
+	files or directories.
++
+When `--exclude` and `--include` patterns are used, they are examined in the
+order they appear on the command line, and the first match determines if a
+patch to each path is used.  A patch to a path that does not match any
+include/exclude pattern is used by default if there is no include pattern
+on the command line, and ignored if there is any include pattern.
+
+--ignore-space-change::
+--ignore-whitespace::
+	When applying a patch, ignore changes in whitespace in context
+	lines if necessary.
+	Context lines will preserve their whitespace, and they will not
+	undergo whitespace fixing regardless of the value of the
+	`--whitespace` option. New lines will still be fixed, though.
+
+--whitespace=<action>::
+	When applying a patch, detect a new or modified line that has
+	whitespace errors.  What are considered whitespace errors is
+	controlled by `core.whitespace` configuration.  By default,
+	trailing whitespaces (including lines that solely consist of
+	whitespaces) and a space character that is immediately followed
+	by a tab character inside the initial indent of the line are
+	considered whitespace errors.
++
+By default, the command outputs warning messages but applies the patch.
+When `git-apply` is used for statistics and not applying a
+patch, it defaults to `nowarn`.
++
+You can use different `<action>` values to control this
+behavior:
++
+* `nowarn` turns off the trailing whitespace warning.
+* `warn` outputs warnings for a few such errors, but applies the
+  patch as-is (default).
+* `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the
+  patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool
+  used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the
+  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more).
+* `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses
+  to apply the patch.
+* `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
+
+--inaccurate-eof::
+	Under certain circumstances, some versions of 'diff' do not correctly
+	detect a missing new-line at the end of the file. As a result, patches
+	created by such 'diff' programs do not record incomplete lines
+	correctly. This option adds support for applying such patches by
+	working around this bug.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Report progress to stderr. By default, only a message about the
+	current patch being applied will be printed. This option will cause
+	additional information to be reported.
+
+--recount::
+	Do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers, but infer them
+	by inspecting the patch (e.g. after editing the patch without
+	adjusting the hunk headers appropriately).
+
+--directory=<root>::
+	Prepend <root> to all filenames.  If a "-p" argument was also passed,
+	it is applied before prepending the new root.
++
+For example, a patch that talks about updating `a/git-gui.sh` to `b/git-gui.sh`
+can be applied to the file in the working tree `modules/git-gui/git-gui.sh` by
+running `git apply --directory=modules/git-gui`.
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+apply.ignorewhitespace::
+	Set to 'change' if you want changes in whitespace to be ignored by default.
+	Set to one of: no, none, never, false if you want changes in
+	whitespace to be significant.
+apply.whitespace::
+	When no `--whitespace` flag is given from the command
+	line, this configuration item is used as the default.
+
+Submodules
+----------
+If the patch contains any changes to submodules then 'git apply'
+treats these changes as follows.
+
+If `--index` is specified (explicitly or implicitly), then the submodule
+commits must match the index exactly for the patch to apply.  If any
+of the submodules are checked-out, then these check-outs are completely
+ignored, i.e., they are not required to be up-to-date or clean and they
+are not updated.
+
+If `--index` is not specified, then the submodule commits in the patch
+are ignored and only the absence or presence of the corresponding
+subdirectory is checked and (if possible) updated.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d4325f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+git-archimport(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git archimport' [-h] [-v] [-o] [-a] [-f] [-T] [-D depth] [-t tempdir]
+               <archive/branch>[:<git-branch>] ...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Imports a project from one or more Arch repositories. It will follow branches
+and repositories within the namespaces defined by the <archive/branch>
+parameters supplied. If it cannot find the remote branch a merge comes from
+it will just import it as a regular commit. If it can find it, it will mark it
+as a merge whenever possible (see discussion below).
+
+The script expects you to provide the key roots where it can start the import
+from an 'initial import' or 'tag' type of Arch commit. It will follow and
+import new branches within the provided roots.
+
+It expects to be dealing with one project only. If it sees
+branches that have different roots, it will refuse to run. In that case,
+edit your <archive/branch> parameters to define clearly the scope of the
+import.
+
+'git archimport' uses `tla` extensively in the background to access the
+Arch repository.
+Make sure you have a recent version of `tla` available in the path. `tla` must
+know about the repositories you pass to 'git archimport'.
+
+For the initial import, 'git archimport' expects to find itself in an empty
+directory. To follow the development of a project that uses Arch, rerun
+'git archimport' with the same parameters as the initial import to perform
+incremental imports.
+
+While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
+archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
+manually.  To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
+parameter, separated by a colon.  This way, you can shorten the Arch
+branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a
+"PROJECT--devo--VERSION" branch to "master".
+
+Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the
+result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first
+branch, after the second branch is created.  Still, this is useful to
+convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
+
+
+MERGES
+------
+Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git
+does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a
+branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result
+is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
+import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.
+
+Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch,
+git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
+patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-h::
+	Display usage.
+
+-v::
+	Verbose output.
+
+-T::
+	Many tags. Will create a tag for every commit, reflecting the commit
+	name in the Arch repository.
+
+-f::
+	Use the fast patchset import strategy.  This can be significantly
+	faster for large trees, but cannot handle directory renames or
+	permissions changes.  The default strategy is slow and safe.
+
+-o::
+	Use this for compatibility with old-style branch names used by
+	earlier versions of 'git archimport'.  Old-style branch names
+	were category--branch, whereas new-style branch names are
+	archive,category--branch--version.  In both cases, names given
+	on the command-line will override the automatically-generated
+	ones.
+
+-D <depth>::
+	Follow merge ancestry and attempt to import trees that have been
+	merged from.  Specify a depth greater than 1 if patch logs have been
+	pruned.
+
+-a::
+	Attempt to auto-register archives at http://mirrors.sourcecontrol.net
+	This is particularly useful with the -D option.
+
+-t <tmpdir>::
+	Override the default tempdir.
+
+
+<archive/branch>::
+	Archive/branch identifier in a format that `tla log` understands.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano, Martin Langhoff and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..799c8b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+git-archive(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-archive - Create an archive of files from a named tree
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git archive' [--format=<fmt>] [--list] [--prefix=<prefix>/] [<extra>]
+	      [-o | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
+	      [--remote=<repo> [--exec=<git-upload-archive>]] <tree-ish>
+	      [path...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Creates an archive of the specified format containing the tree
+structure for the named tree, and writes it out to the standard
+output.  If <prefix> is specified it is
+prepended to the filenames in the archive.
+
+'git archive' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when
+given a commit ID or tag ID.  In the first case the current time is
+used as the modification time of each file in the archive.  In the latter
+case the commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is
+used instead.  Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global
+extended pax header if the tar format is used; it can be extracted
+using 'git get-tar-commit-id'. In ZIP files it is stored as a file
+comment.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--format=<fmt>::
+	Format of the resulting archive: 'tar' or 'zip'. If this option
+	is not given, and the output file is specified, the format is
+	inferred from the filename if possible (e.g. writing to "foo.zip"
+	makes the output to be in the zip format). Otherwise the output
+	format is `tar`.
+
+-l::
+--list::
+	Show all available formats.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Report progress to stderr.
+
+--prefix=<prefix>/::
+	Prepend <prefix>/ to each filename in the archive.
+
+-o <file>::
+--output=<file>::
+	Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout.
+
+--worktree-attributes::
+	Look for attributes in .gitattributes in working directory too.
+
+<extra>::
+	This can be any options that the archiver backend understands.
+	See next section.
+
+--remote=<repo>::
+	Instead of making a tar archive from the local repository,
+	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository.
+
+--exec=<git-upload-archive>::
+	Used with --remote to specify the path to the
+	'git-upload-archive' on the remote side.
+
+<tree-ish>::
+	The tree or commit to produce an archive for.
+
+path::
+	Without an optional path parameter, all files and subdirectories
+	of the current working directory are included in the archive.
+	If one or more paths are specified, only these are included.
+
+BACKEND EXTRA OPTIONS
+---------------------
+
+zip
+~~~
+-0::
+	Store the files instead of deflating them.
+-9::
+	Highest and slowest compression level.  You can specify any
+	number from 1 to 9 to adjust compression speed and ratio.
+
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+tar.umask::
+	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
+	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
+	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
+	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) for
+	details.
+
+ATTRIBUTES
+----------
+
+export-ignore::
+	Files and directories with the attribute export-ignore won't be
+	added to archive files.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
+
+export-subst::
+	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will
+	expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.
+	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+git archive --format=tar --prefix=junk/ HEAD | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar xf -)::
+
+	Create a tar archive that contains the contents of the
+	latest commit on the current branch, and extract it in the
+	`/var/tmp/junk` directory.
+
+git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz::
+
+	Create a compressed tarball for v1.4.0 release.
+
+git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz::
+
+	Create a compressed tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a
+	global extended pax header.
+
+git archive --format=zip --prefix=git-docs/ HEAD:Documentation/ > git-1.4.0-docs.zip::
+
+	Put everything in the current head's Documentation/ directory
+	into 'git-1.4.0-docs.zip', with the prefix 'git-docs/'.
+
+git archive -o latest.zip HEAD::
+
+	Create a Zip archive that contains the contents of the latest
+	commit on the current branch. Note that the output format is
+	inferred by the extension of the output file.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitattributes[5]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Franck Bui-Huu and Rene Scharfe.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86b3015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@
+Fighting regressions with git bisect
+====================================
+:Author: Christian Couder
+:Email: chriscool@tuxfamily.org
+:Date: 2009/11/08
+
+Abstract
+--------
+
+"git bisect" enables software users and developers to easily find the
+commit that introduced a regression. We show why it is important to
+have good tools to fight regressions. We describe how "git bisect"
+works from the outside and the algorithms it uses inside. Then we
+explain how to take advantage of "git bisect" to improve current
+practices. And we discuss how "git bisect" could improve in the
+future.
+
+
+Introduction to "git bisect"
+----------------------------
+
+Git is a Distributed Version Control system (DVCS) created by Linus
+Torvalds and maintained by Junio Hamano.
+
+In Git like in many other Version Control Systems (VCS), the different
+states of the data that is managed by the system are called
+commits. And, as VCS are mostly used to manage software source code,
+sometimes "interesting" changes of behavior in the software are
+introduced in some commits.
+
+In fact people are specially interested in commits that introduce a
+"bad" behavior, called a bug or a regression. They are interested in
+these commits because a commit (hopefully) contains a very small set
+of source code changes. And it's much easier to understand and
+properly fix a problem when you only need to check a very small set of
+changes, than when you don't know where look in the first place.
+
+So to help people find commits that introduce a "bad" behavior, the
+"git bisect" set of commands was invented. And it follows of course
+that in "git bisect" parlance, commits where the "interesting
+behavior" is present are called "bad" commits, while other commits are
+called "good" commits. And a commit that introduce the behavior we are
+interested in is called a "first bad commit". Note that there could be
+more than one "first bad commit" in the commit space we are searching.
+
+So "git bisect" is designed to help find a "first bad commit". And to
+be as efficient as possible, it tries to perform a binary search.
+
+
+Fighting regressions overview
+-----------------------------
+
+Regressions: a big problem
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Regressions are a big problem in the software industry. But it's
+difficult to put some real numbers behind that claim.
+
+There are some numbers about bugs in general, like a NIST study in
+2002 <<1>> that said:
+
+_____________
+Software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that
+they cost the U.S. economy an estimated $59.5 billion annually, or
+about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product, according to a newly
+released study commissioned by the Department of Commerce's National
+Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). At the national level,
+over half of the costs are borne by software users and the remainder
+by software developers/vendors.  The study also found that, although
+all errors cannot be removed, more than a third of these costs, or an
+estimated $22.2 billion, could be eliminated by an improved testing
+infrastructure that enables earlier and more effective identification
+and removal of software defects. These are the savings associated with
+finding an increased percentage (but not 100 percent) of errors closer
+to the development stages in which they are introduced. Currently,
+over half of all errors are not found until "downstream" in the
+development process or during post-sale software use.
+_____________
+
+And then:
+
+_____________
+Software developers already spend approximately 80 percent of
+development costs on identifying and correcting defects, and yet few
+products of any type other than software are shipped with such high
+levels of errors.
+_____________
+
+Eventually the conclusion started with:
+
+_____________
+The path to higher software quality is significantly improved software
+testing.
+_____________
+
+There are other estimates saying that 80% of the cost related to
+software is about maintenance <<2>>.
+
+Though, according to Wikipedia <<3>>:
+
+_____________
+A common perception of maintenance is that it is merely fixing
+bugs. However, studies and surveys over the years have indicated that
+the majority, over 80%, of the maintenance effort is used for
+non-corrective actions (Pigosky 1997). This perception is perpetuated
+by users submitting problem reports that in reality are functionality
+enhancements to the system.
+_____________
+
+But we can guess that improving on existing software is very costly
+because you have to watch out for regressions. At least this would
+make the above studies consistent among themselves.
+
+Of course some kind of software is developed, then used during some
+time without being improved on much, and then finally thrown away. In
+this case, of course, regressions may not be a big problem. But on the
+other hand, there is a lot of big software that is continually
+developed and maintained during years or even tens of years by a lot
+of people. And as there are often many people who depend (sometimes
+critically) on such software, regressions are a really big problem.
+
+One such software is the linux kernel. And if we look at the linux
+kernel, we can see that a lot of time and effort is spent to fight
+regressions. The release cycle start with a 2 weeks long merge
+window. Then the first release candidate (rc) version is tagged. And
+after that about 7 or 8 more rc versions will appear with around one
+week between each of them, before the final release.
+
+The time between the first rc release and the final release is
+supposed to be used to test rc versions and fight bugs and especially
+regressions. And this time is more than 80% of the release cycle
+time. But this is not the end of the fight yet, as of course it
+continues after the release.
+
+And then this is what Ingo Molnar (a well known linux kernel
+developer) says about his use of git bisect:
+
+_____________
+I most actively use it during the merge window (when a lot of trees
+get merged upstream and when the influx of bugs is the highest) - and
+yes, there have been cases that i used it multiple times a day. My
+average is roughly once a day.
+_____________
+
+So regressions are fought all the time by developers, and indeed it is
+well known that bugs should be fixed as soon as possible, so as soon
+as they are found. That's why it is interesting to have good tools for
+this purpose.
+
+Other tools to fight regressions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+So what are the tools used to fight regressions? They are nearly the
+same as those used to fight regular bugs. The only specific tools are
+test suites and tools similar as "git bisect".
+
+Test suites are very nice. But when they are used alone, they are
+supposed to be used so that all the tests are checked after each
+commit. This means that they are not very efficient, because many
+tests are run for no interesting result, and they suffer from
+combinational explosion.
+
+In fact the problem is that big software often has many different
+configuration options and that each test case should pass for each
+configuration after each commit. So if you have for each release: N
+configurations, M commits and T test cases, you should perform:
+
+-------------
+N * M * T tests
+-------------
+
+where N, M and T are all growing with the size your software.
+
+So very soon it will not be possible to completely test everything.
+
+And if some bugs slip through your test suite, then you can add a test
+to your test suite. But if you want to use your new improved test
+suite to find where the bug slipped in, then you will either have to
+emulate a bisection process or you will perhaps bluntly test each
+commit backward starting from the "bad" commit you have which may be
+very wasteful.
+
+"git bisect" overview
+---------------------
+
+Starting a bisection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The first "git bisect" subcommand to use is "git bisect start" to
+start the search. Then bounds must be set to limit the commit
+space. This is done usually by giving one "bad" and at least one
+"good" commit. They can be passed in the initial call to "git bisect
+start" like this:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect start [BAD [GOOD...]]
+-------------
+
+or they can be set using:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect bad [COMMIT]
+-------------
+
+and:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect good [COMMIT...]
+-------------
+
+where BAD, GOOD and COMMIT are all names that can be resolved to a
+commit.
+
+Then "git bisect" will checkout a commit of its choosing and ask the
+user to test it, like this:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect start v2.6.27 v2.6.25
+Bisecting: 10928 revisions left to test after this (roughly 14 steps)
+[2ec65f8b89ea003c27ff7723525a2ee335a2b393] x86: clean up using max_low_pfn on 32-bit
+-------------
+
+Note that the example that we will use is really a toy example, we
+will be looking for the first commit that has a version like
+"2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line
+in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are
+better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for
+example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").
+
+Driving a bisection manually
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+At this point there are basically 2 ways to drive the search. It can
+be driven manually by the user or it can be driven automatically by a
+script or a command.
+
+If the user is driving it, then at each step of the search, the user
+will have to test the current commit and say if it is "good" or "bad"
+using the "git bisect good" or "git bisect bad" commands respectively
+that have been described above. For example:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect bad
+Bisecting: 5480 revisions left to test after this (roughly 13 steps)
+[66c0b394f08fd89236515c1c84485ea712a157be] KVM: kill file->f_count abuse in kvm
+-------------
+
+And after a few more steps like that, "git bisect" will eventually
+find a first bad commit:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect bad
+2ddcca36c8bcfa251724fe342c8327451988be0d is the first bad commit
+commit 2ddcca36c8bcfa251724fe342c8327451988be0d
+Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
+Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
+
+    Linux 2.6.26-rc1
+
+:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+-------------
+
+At this point we can see what the commit does, check it out (if it's
+not already checked out) or tinker with it, for example:
+
+-------------
+$ git show HEAD
+commit 2ddcca36c8bcfa251724fe342c8327451988be0d
+Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
+Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
+
+    Linux 2.6.26-rc1
+
+diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
+index 5cf8258..4492984 100644
+--- a/Makefile
++++ b/Makefile
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ VERSION = 2
+ PATCHLEVEL = 6
+-SUBLEVEL = 25
+-EXTRAVERSION =
++SUBLEVEL = 26
++EXTRAVERSION = -rc1
+ NAME = Funky Weasel is Jiggy wit it
+
+ # *DOCUMENTATION*
+-------------
+
+And when we are finished we can use "git bisect reset" to go back to
+the branch we were in before we started bisecting:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect reset
+Checking out files: 100% (21549/21549), done.
+Previous HEAD position was 2ddcca3... Linux 2.6.26-rc1
+Switched to branch 'master'
+-------------
+
+Driving a bisection automatically
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The other way to drive the bisection process is to tell "git bisect"
+to launch a script or command at each bisection step to know if the
+current commit is "good" or "bad". To do that, we use the "git bisect
+run" command. For example:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect start v2.6.27 v2.6.25
+Bisecting: 10928 revisions left to test after this (roughly 14 steps)
+[2ec65f8b89ea003c27ff7723525a2ee335a2b393] x86: clean up using max_low_pfn on 32-bit
+$
+$ git bisect run grep '^SUBLEVEL = 25' Makefile
+running grep ^SUBLEVEL = 25 Makefile
+Bisecting: 5480 revisions left to test after this (roughly 13 steps)
+[66c0b394f08fd89236515c1c84485ea712a157be] KVM: kill file->f_count abuse in kvm
+running grep ^SUBLEVEL = 25 Makefile
+SUBLEVEL = 25
+Bisecting: 2740 revisions left to test after this (roughly 12 steps)
+[671294719628f1671faefd4882764886f8ad08cb] V4L/DVB(7879): Adding cx18 Support for mxl5005s
+...
+...
+running grep ^SUBLEVEL = 25 Makefile
+Bisecting: 0 revisions left to test after this (roughly 0 steps)
+[2ddcca36c8bcfa251724fe342c8327451988be0d] Linux 2.6.26-rc1
+running grep ^SUBLEVEL = 25 Makefile
+2ddcca36c8bcfa251724fe342c8327451988be0d is the first bad commit
+commit 2ddcca36c8bcfa251724fe342c8327451988be0d
+Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
+Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
+
+    Linux 2.6.26-rc1
+
+:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+bisect run success
+-------------
+
+In this example, we passed "grep '^SUBLEVEL = 25' Makefile" as
+parameter to "git bisect run". This means that at each step, the grep
+command we passed will be launched. And if it exits with code 0 (that
+means success) then git bisect will mark the current state as
+"good". If it exits with code 1 (or any code between 1 and 127
+included, except the special code 125), then the current state will be
+marked as "bad".
+
+Exit code between 128 and 255 are special to "git bisect run". They
+make it stop immediately the bisection process. This is useful for
+example if the command passed takes too long to complete, because you
+can kill it with a signal and it will stop the bisection process.
+
+It can also be useful in scripts passed to "git bisect run" to "exit
+255" if some very abnormal situation is detected.
+
+Avoiding untestable commits
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Sometimes it happens that the current state cannot be tested, for
+example if it does not compile because there was a bug preventing it
+at that time. This is what the special exit code 125 is for. It tells
+"git bisect run" that the current commit should be marked as
+untestable and that another one should be chosen and checked out.
+
+If the bisection process is driven manually, you can use "git bisect
+skip" to do the same thing. (In fact the special exit code 125 makes
+"git bisect run" use "git bisect skip" in the background.)
+
+Or if you want more control, you can inspect the current state using
+for example "git bisect visualize". It will launch gitk (or "git log"
+if the DISPLAY environment variable is not set) to help you find a
+better bisection point.
+
+Either way, if you have a string of untestable commits, it might
+happen that the regression you are looking for has been introduced by
+one of these untestable commits. In this case it's not possible to
+tell for sure which commit introduced the regression.
+
+So if you used "git bisect skip" (or the run script exited with
+special code 125) you could get a result like this:
+
+-------------
+There are only 'skip'ped commits left to test.
+The first bad commit could be any of:
+15722f2fa328eaba97022898a305ffc8172db6b1
+78e86cf3e850bd755bb71831f42e200626fbd1e0
+e15b73ad3db9b48d7d1ade32f8cd23a751fe0ace
+070eab2303024706f2924822bfec8b9847e4ac1b
+We cannot bisect more!
+-------------
+
+Saving a log and replaying it
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you want to show other people your bisection process, you can get a
+log using for example:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect log > bisect_log.txt
+-------------
+
+And it is possible to replay it using:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect replay bisect_log.txt
+-------------
+
+
+"git bisect" details
+--------------------
+
+Bisection algorithm
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As the Git commits form a directed acyclic graph (DAG), finding the
+best bisection commit to test at each step is not so simple. Anyway
+Linus found and implemented a "truly stupid" algorithm, later improved
+by Junio Hamano, that works quite well.
+
+So the algorithm used by "git bisect" to find the best bisection
+commit when there are no skipped commits is the following:
+
+1) keep only the commits that:
+
+a) are ancestor of the "bad" commit (including the "bad" commit itself),
+b) are not ancestor of a "good" commit (excluding the "good" commits).
+
+This means that we get rid of the uninteresting commits in the DAG.
+
+For example if we start with a graph like this:
+
+-------------
+G-Y-G-W-W-W-X-X-X-X
+	   \ /
+	    W-W-B
+	   /
+Y---G-W---W
+ \ /   \
+Y-Y     X-X-X-X
+
+-> time goes this way ->
+-------------
+
+where B is the "bad" commit, "G" are "good" commits and W, X, and Y
+are other commits, we will get the following graph after this first
+step:
+
+-------------
+W-W-W
+     \
+      W-W-B
+     /
+W---W
+-------------
+
+So only the W and B commits will be kept. Because commits X and Y will
+have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits
+G are removed by rule b) too.
+
+Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
+given by:
+
+-------------
+git rev-list BAD --not GOOD1 GOOD2...
+-------------
+
+Also note that we don't require the commits that are kept to be
+descendants of a "good" commit. So in the following example, commits W
+and Z will be kept:
+
+-------------
+G-W-W-W-B
+   /
+Z-Z
+-------------
+
+2) starting from the "good" ends of the graph, associate to each
+commit the number of ancestors it has plus one
+
+For example with the following graph where H is the "bad" commit and A
+and D are some parents of some "good" commits:
+
+-------------
+A-B-C
+     \
+      F-G-H
+     /
+D---E
+-------------
+
+this will give:
+
+-------------
+1 2 3
+A-B-C
+     \6 7 8
+      F-G-H
+1   2/
+D---E
+-------------
+
+3) associate to each commit: min(X, N - X)
+
+where X is the value associated to the commit in step 2) and N is the
+total number of commits in the graph.
+
+In the above example we have N = 8, so this will give:
+
+-------------
+1 2 3
+A-B-C
+     \2 1 0
+      F-G-H
+1   2/
+D---E
+-------------
+
+4) the best bisection point is the commit with the highest associated
+number
+
+So in the above example the best bisection point is commit C.
+
+5) note that some shortcuts are implemented to speed up the algorithm
+
+As we know N from the beginning, we know that min(X, N - X) can't be
+greater than N/2. So during steps 2) and 3), if we would associate N/2
+to a commit, then we know this is the best bisection point. So in this
+case we can just stop processing any other commit and return the
+current commit.
+
+Bisection algorithm debugging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+For any commit graph, you can see the number associated with each
+commit using "git rev-list --bisect-all".
+
+For example, for the above graph, a command like:
+
+-------------
+$ git rev-list --bisect-all BAD --not GOOD1 GOOD2
+-------------
+
+would output something like:
+
+-------------
+e15b73ad3db9b48d7d1ade32f8cd23a751fe0ace (dist=3)
+15722f2fa328eaba97022898a305ffc8172db6b1 (dist=2)
+78e86cf3e850bd755bb71831f42e200626fbd1e0 (dist=2)
+a1939d9a142de972094af4dde9a544e577ddef0e (dist=2)
+070eab2303024706f2924822bfec8b9847e4ac1b (dist=1)
+a3864d4f32a3bf5ed177ddef598490a08760b70d (dist=1)
+a41baa717dd74f1180abf55e9341bc7a0bb9d556 (dist=1)
+9e622a6dad403b71c40979743bb9d5be17b16bd6 (dist=0)
+-------------
+
+Bisection algorithm discussed
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+First let's define "best bisection point". We will say that a commit X
+is a best bisection point or a best bisection commit if knowing its
+state ("good" or "bad") gives as much information as possible whether
+the state of the commit happens to be "good" or "bad".
+
+This means that the best bisection commits are the commits where the
+following function is maximum:
+
+-------------
+f(X) = min(information_if_good(X), information_if_bad(X))
+-------------
+
+where information_if_good(X) is the information we get if X is good
+and information_if_bad(X) is the information we get if X is bad.
+
+Now we will suppose that there is only one "first bad commit". This
+means that all its descendants are "bad" and all the other commits are
+"good". And we will suppose that all commits have an equal probability
+of being good or bad, or of being the first bad commit, so knowing the
+state of c commits gives always the same amount of information
+wherever these c commits are on the graph and whatever c is. (So we
+suppose that these commits being for example on a branch or near a
+good or a bad commit does not give more or less information).
+
+Let's also suppose that we have a cleaned up graph like one after step
+1) in the bisection algorithm above. This means that we can measure
+the information we get in terms of number of commit we can remove from
+the graph..
+
+And let's take a commit X in the graph.
+
+If X is found to be "good", then we know that its ancestors are all
+"good", so we want to say that:
+
+-------------
+information_if_good(X) = number_of_ancestors(X)  (TRUE)
+-------------
+
+And this is true because at step 1) b) we remove the ancestors of the
+"good" commits.
+
+If X is found to be "bad", then we know that its descendants are all
+"bad", so we want to say that:
+
+-------------
+information_if_bad(X) = number_of_descendants(X)  (WRONG)
+-------------
+
+But this is wrong because at step 1) a) we keep only the ancestors of
+the bad commit. So we get more information when a commit is marked as
+"bad", because we also know that the ancestors of the previous "bad"
+commit that are not ancestors of the new "bad" commit are not the
+first bad commit. We don't know if they are good or bad, but we know
+that they are not the first bad commit because they are not ancestor
+of the new "bad" commit.
+
+So when a commit is marked as "bad" we know we can remove all the
+commits in the graph except those that are ancestors of the new "bad"
+commit. This means that:
+
+-------------
+information_if_bad(X) = N - number_of_ancestors(X)  (TRUE)
+-------------
+
+where N is the number of commits in the (cleaned up) graph.
+
+So in the end this means that to find the best bisection commits we
+should maximize the function:
+
+-------------
+f(X) = min(number_of_ancestors(X), N - number_of_ancestors(X))
+-------------
+
+And this is nice because at step 2) we compute number_of_ancestors(X)
+and so at step 3) we compute f(X).
+
+Let's take the following graph as an example:
+
+-------------
+	    G-H-I-J
+	   /       \
+A-B-C-D-E-F         O
+	   \       /
+	    K-L-M-N
+-------------
+
+If we compute the following non optimal function on it:
+
+-------------
+g(X) = min(number_of_ancestors(X), number_of_descendants(X))
+-------------
+
+we get:
+
+-------------
+	    4 3 2 1
+	    G-H-I-J
+1 2 3 4 5 6/       \0
+A-B-C-D-E-F         O
+	   \       /
+	    K-L-M-N
+	    4 3 2 1
+-------------
+
+but with the algorithm used by git bisect we get:
+
+-------------
+	    7 7 6 5
+	    G-H-I-J
+1 2 3 4 5 6/       \0
+A-B-C-D-E-F         O
+	   \       /
+	    K-L-M-N
+	    7 7 6 5
+-------------
+
+So we chose G, H, K or L as the best bisection point, which is better
+than F. Because if for example L is bad, then we will know not only
+that L, M and N are bad but also that G, H, I and J are not the first
+bad commit (since we suppose that there is only one first bad commit
+and it must be an ancestor of L).
+
+So the current algorithm seems to be the best possible given what we
+initially supposed.
+
+Skip algorithm
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When some commits have been skipped (using "git bisect skip"), then
+the bisection algorithm is the same for step 1) to 3). But then we use
+roughly the following steps:
+
+6) sort the commit by decreasing associated value
+
+7) if the first commit has not been skipped, we can return it and stop
+here
+
+8) otherwise filter out all the skipped commits in the sorted list
+
+9) use a pseudo random number generator (PRNG) to generate a random
+number between 0 and 1
+
+10) multiply this random number with its square root to bias it toward
+0
+
+11) multiply the result by the number of commits in the filtered list
+to get an index into this list
+
+12) return the commit at the computed index
+
+Skip algorithm discussed
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second
+commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in
+fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was
+developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
+git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
+
+But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel
+developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points
+all happened to be in an area where all the commits are
+untestable. And in this case the user was asked to test many
+untestable commits, which could be very inefficient.
+
+Indeed untestable commits are often untestable because a breakage was
+introduced at one time, and that breakage was fixed only after many
+other commits were introduced.
+
+This breakage is of course most of the time unrelated to the breakage
+we are trying to locate in the commit graph. But it prevents us to
+know if the interesting "bad behavior" is present or not.
+
+So it is a fact that commits near an untestable commit have a high
+probability of being untestable themselves. And the best bisection
+commits are often found together too (due to the bisection algorithm).
+
+This is why it is a bad idea to just chose the next best unskipped
+bisection commit when the first one has been skipped.
+
+We found that most commits on the graph may give quite a lot of
+information when they are tested. And the commits that will not on
+average give a lot of information are the one near the good and bad
+commits.
+
+So using a PRNG with a bias to favor commits away from the good and
+bad commits looked like a good choice.
+
+One obvious improvement to this algorithm would be to look for a
+commit that has an associated value near the one of the best bisection
+commit, and that is on another branch, before using the PRNG. Because
+if such a commit exists, then it is not very likely to be untestable
+too, so it will probably give more information than a nearly randomly
+chosen one.
+
+Checking merge bases
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There is another tweak in the bisection algorithm that has not been
+described in the "bisection algorithm" above.
+
+We supposed in the previous examples that the "good" commits were
+ancestors of the "bad" commit. But this is not a requirement of "git
+bisect".
+
+Of course the "bad" commit cannot be an ancestor of a "good" commit,
+because the ancestors of the good commits are supposed to be
+"good". And all the "good" commits must be related to the bad commit.
+They cannot be on a branch that has no link with the branch of the
+"bad" commit. But it is possible for a good commit to be related to a
+bad commit and yet not be neither one of its ancestor nor one of its
+descendants.
+
+For example, there can be a "main" branch, and a "dev" branch that was
+forked of the main branch at a commit named "D" like this:
+
+-------------
+A-B-C-D-E-F-G  <--main
+       \
+	H-I-J  <--dev
+-------------
+
+The commit "D" is called a "merge base" for branch "main" and "dev"
+because it's the best common ancestor for these branches for a merge.
+
+Now let's suppose that commit J is bad and commit G is good and that
+we apply the bisection algorithm like it has been previously
+described.
+
+As described in step 1) b) of the bisection algorithm, we remove all
+the ancestors of the good commits because they are supposed to be good
+too.
+
+So we would be left with only:
+
+-------------
+H-I-J
+-------------
+
+But what happens if the first bad commit is "B" and if it has been
+fixed in the "main" branch by commit "F"?
+
+The result of such a bisection would be that we would find that H is
+the first bad commit, when in fact it's B. So that would be wrong!
+
+And yes it can happen in practice that people working on one branch
+are not aware that people working on another branch fixed a bug! It
+could also happen that F fixed more than one bug or that it is a
+revert of some big development effort that was not ready to be
+released.
+
+In fact development teams often maintain both a development branch and
+a maintenance branch, and it would be quite easy for them if "git
+bisect" just worked when they want to bisect a regression on the
+development branch that is not on the maintenance branch. They should
+be able to start bisecting using:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect start dev main
+-------------
+
+To enable that additional nice feature, when a bisection is started
+and when some good commits are not ancestors of the bad commit, we
+first compute the merge bases between the bad and the good commits and
+we chose these merge bases as the first commits that will be checked
+out and tested.
+
+If it happens that one merge base is bad, then the bisection process
+is stopped with a message like:
+
+-------------
+The merge base BBBBBB is bad.
+This means the bug has been fixed between BBBBBB and [GGGGGG,...].
+-------------
+
+where BBBBBB is the sha1 hash of the bad merge base and [GGGGGG,...]
+is a comma separated list of the sha1 of the good commits.
+
+If some of the merge bases are skipped, then the bisection process
+continues, but the following message is printed for each skipped merge
+base:
+
+-------------
+Warning: the merge base between BBBBBB and [GGGGGG,...] must be skipped.
+So we cannot be sure the first bad commit is between MMMMMM and BBBBBB.
+We continue anyway.
+-------------
+
+where BBBBBB is the sha1 hash of the bad commit, MMMMMM is the sha1
+hash of the merge base that is skipped and [GGGGGG,...]  is a comma
+separated list of the sha1 of the good commits.
+
+So if there is no bad merge base, the bisection process continues as
+usual after this step.
+
+Best bisecting practices
+------------------------
+
+Using test suites and git bisect together
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you both have a test suite and use git bisect, then it becomes less
+important to check that all tests pass after each commit. Though of
+course it is probably a good idea to have some checks to avoid
+breaking too many things because it could make bisecting other bugs
+more difficult.
+
+You can focus your efforts to check at a few points (for example rc
+and beta releases) that all the T test cases pass for all the N
+configurations. And when some tests don't pass you can use "git
+bisect" (or better "git bisect run"). So you should perform roughly:
+
+-------------
+c * N * T + b * M * log2(M) tests
+-------------
+
+where c is the number of rounds of test (so a small constant) and b is
+the ratio of bug per commit (hopefully a small constant too).
+
+So of course it's much better as it's O(N \* T) vs O(N \* T \* M) if
+you would test everything after each commit.
+
+This means that test suites are good to prevent some bugs from being
+committed and they are also quite good to tell you that you have some
+bugs. But they are not so good to tell you where some bugs have been
+introduced. To tell you that efficiently, git bisect is needed.
+
+The other nice thing with test suites, is that when you have one, you
+already know how to test for bad behavior. So you can use this
+knowledge to create a new test case for "git bisect" when it appears
+that there is a regression. So it will be easier to bisect the bug and
+fix it. And then you can add the test case you just created to your
+test suite.
+
+So if you know how to create test cases and how to bisect, you will be
+subject to a virtuous circle:
+
+more tests => easier to create tests => easier to bisect => more tests
+
+So test suites and "git bisect" are complementary tools that are very
+powerful and efficient when used together.
+
+Bisecting build failures
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can very easily automatically bisect broken builds using something
+like:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect start BAD GOOD
+$ git bisect run make
+-------------
+
+Passing sh -c "some commands" to "git bisect run"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+For example:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ./my_app | grep 'good output'"
+-------------
+
+On the other hand if you do this often, then it can be worth having
+scripts to avoid too much typing.
+
+Finding performance regressions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Here is an example script that comes slightly modified from a real
+world script used by Junio Hamano <<4>>.
+
+This script can be passed to "git bisect run" to find the commit that
+introduced a performance regression:
+
+-------------
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Build errors are not what I am interested in.
+make my_app || exit 255
+
+# We are checking if it stops in a reasonable amount of time, so
+# let it run in the background...
+
+./my_app >log 2>&1 &
+
+# ... and grab its process ID.
+pid=$!
+
+# ... and then wait for sufficiently long.
+sleep $NORMAL_TIME
+
+# ... and then see if the process is still there.
+if kill -0 $pid
+then
+	# It is still running -- that is bad.
+	kill $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid;
+	exit 1
+else
+	# It has already finished (the $pid process was no more),
+	# and we are happy.
+	exit 0
+fi
+-------------
+
+Following general best practices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is obviously a good idea not to have commits with changes that
+knowingly break things, even if some other commits later fix the
+breakage.
+
+It is also a good idea when using any VCS to have only one small
+logical change in each commit.
+
+The smaller the changes in your commit, the most effective "git
+bisect" will be. And you will probably need "git bisect" less in the
+first place, as small changes are easier to review even if they are
+only reviewed by the commiter.
+
+Another good idea is to have good commit messages. They can be very
+helpful to understand why some changes were made.
+
+These general best practices are very helpful if you bisect often.
+
+Avoiding bug prone merges
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+First merges by themselves can introduce some regressions even when
+the merge needs no source code conflict resolution. This is because a
+semantic change can happen in one branch while the other branch is not
+aware of it.
+
+For example one branch can change the semantic of a function while the
+other branch add more calls to the same function.
+
+This is made much worse if many files have to be fixed to resolve
+conflicts. That's why such merges are called "evil merges". They can
+make regressions very difficult to track down. It can even be
+misleading to know the first bad commit if it happens to be such a
+merge, because people might think that the bug comes from bad conflict
+resolution when it comes from a semantic change in one branch.
+
+Anyway "git rebase" can be used to linearize history. This can be used
+either to avoid merging in the first place. Or it can be used to
+bisect on a linear history instead of the non linear one, as this
+should give more information in case of a semantic change in one
+branch.
+
+Merges can be also made simpler by using smaller branches or by using
+many topic branches instead of only long version related branches.
+
+And testing can be done more often in special integration branches
+like linux-next for the linux kernel.
+
+Adapting your work-flow
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A special work-flow to process regressions can give great results.
+
+Here is an example of a work-flow used by Andreas Ericsson:
+
+* write, in the test suite, a test script that exposes the regression
+* use "git bisect run" to find the commit that introduced it
+* fix the bug that is often made obvious by the previous step
+* commit both the fix and the test script (and if needed more tests)
+
+And here is what Andreas said about this work-flow <<5>>:
+
+_____________
+To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix
+cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker
+which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've
+lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of
+the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix
+bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs
+for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly
+due to how we now feel about writing tests).
+_____________
+
+Clearly this work-flow uses the virtuous circle between test suites
+and "git bisect". In fact it makes it the standard procedure to deal
+with regression.
+
+In other messages Andreas says that they also use the "best practices"
+described above: small logical commits, topic branches, no evil
+merge,... These practices all improve the bisectability of the commit
+graph, by making it easier and more useful to bisect.
+
+So a good work-flow should be designed around the above points. That
+is making bisecting easier, more useful and standard.
+
+Involving QA people and if possible end users
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+One nice about "git bisect" is that it is not only a developer
+tool. It can effectively be used by QA people or even end users (if
+they have access to the source code or if they can get access to all
+the builds).
+
+There was a discussion at one point on the linux kernel mailing list
+of whether it was ok to always ask end user to bisect, and very good
+points were made to support the point of view that it is ok.
+
+For example David Miller wrote <<6>>:
+
+_____________
+What people don't get is that this is a situation where the "end node
+principle" applies. When you have limited resources (here: developers)
+you don't push the bulk of the burden upon them. Instead you push
+things out to the resource you have a lot of, the end nodes (here:
+users), so that the situation actually scales.
+_____________
+
+This means that it is often "cheaper" if QA people or end users can do
+it.
+
+What is interesting too is that end users that are reporting bugs (or
+QA people that reproduced a bug) have access to the environment where
+the bug happens. So they can often more easily reproduce a
+regression. And if they can bisect, then more information will be
+extracted from the environment where the bug happens, which means that
+it will be easier to understand and then fix the bug.
+
+For open source projects it can be a good way to get more useful
+contributions from end users, and to introduce them to QA and
+development activities.
+
+Using complex scripts
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In some cases like for kernel development it can be worth developing
+complex scripts to be able to fully automate bisecting.
+
+Here is what Ingo Molnar says about that <<7>>:
+
+_____________
+i have a fully automated bootup-hang bisection script. It is based on
+"git-bisect run". I run the script, it builds and boots kernels fully
+automatically, and when the bootup fails (the script notices that via
+the serial log, which it continuously watches - or via a timeout, if
+the system does not come up within 10 minutes it's a "bad" kernel),
+the script raises my attention via a beep and i power cycle the test
+box. (yeah, i should make use of a managed power outlet to 100%
+automate it)
+_____________
+
+Combining test suites, git bisect and other systems together
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+We have seen that test suites an git bisect are very powerful when
+used together. It can be even more powerful if you can combine them
+with other systems.
+
+For example some test suites could be run automatically at night with
+some unusual (or even random) configurations. And if a regression is
+found by a test suite, then "git bisect" can be automatically
+launched, and its result can be emailed to the author of the first bad
+commit found by "git bisect", and perhaps other people too. And a new
+entry in the bug tracking system could be automatically created too.
+
+
+The future of bisecting
+-----------------------
+
+"git replace"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+We saw earlier that "git bisect skip" is now using a PRNG to try to
+avoid areas in the commit graph where commits are untestable. The
+problem is that sometimes the first bad commit will be in an
+untestable area.
+
+To simplify the discussion we will suppose that the untestable area is
+a simple string of commits and that it was created by a breakage
+introduced by one commit (let's call it BBC for bisect breaking
+commit) and later fixed by another one (let's call it BFC for bisect
+fixing commit).
+
+For example:
+
+-------------
+...-Y-BBC-X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-BFC-Z-...
+-------------
+
+where we know that Y is good and BFC is bad, and where BBC and X1 to
+X6 are untestable.
+
+In this case if you are bisecting manually, what you can do is create
+a special branch that starts just before the BBC. The first commit in
+this branch should be the BBC with the BFC squashed into it. And the
+other commits in the branch should be the commits between BBC and BFC
+rebased on the first commit of the branch and then the commit after
+BFC also rebased on.
+
+For example:
+
+-------------
+      (BBC+BFC)-X1'-X2'-X3'-X4'-X5'-X6'-Z'
+     /
+...-Y-BBC-X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-BFC-Z-...
+-------------
+
+where commits quoted with ' have been rebased.
+
+You can easily create such a branch with Git using interactive rebase.
+
+For example using:
+
+-------------
+$ git rebase -i Y Z
+-------------
+
+and then moving BFC after BBC and squashing it.
+
+After that you can start bisecting as usual in the new branch and you
+should eventually find the first bad commit.
+
+For example:
+
+-------------
+$ git bisect start Z' Y
+-------------
+
+If you are using "git bisect run", you can use the same manual fix up
+as above, and then start another "git bisect run" in the special
+branch. Or as the "git bisect" man page says, the script passed to
+"git bisect run" can apply a patch before it compiles and test the
+software <<8>>. The patch should turn a current untestable commits
+into a testable one. So the testing will result in "good" or "bad" and
+"git bisect" will be able to find the first bad commit. And the script
+should not forget to remove the patch once the testing is done before
+exiting from the script.
+
+(Note that instead of a patch you can use "git cherry-pick BFC" to
+apply the fix, and in this case you should use "git reset --hard
+HEAD^" to revert the cherry-pick after testing and before returning
+from the script.)
+
+But the above ways to work around untestable areas are a little bit
+clunky. Using special branches is nice because these branches can be
+shared by developers like usual branches, but the risk is that people
+will get many such branches. And it disrupts the normal "git bisect"
+work-flow. So, if you want to use "git bisect run" completely
+automatically, you have to add special code in your script to restart
+bisection in the special branches.
+
+Anyway one can notice in the above special branch example that the Z'
+and Z commits should point to the same source code state (the same
+"tree" in git parlance). That's because Z' result from applying the
+same changes as Z just in a slightly different order.
+
+So if we could just "replace" Z by Z' when we bisect, then we would
+not need to add anything to a script. It would just work for anyone in
+the project sharing the special branches and the replacements.
+
+With the example above that would give:
+
+-------------
+      (BBC+BFC)-X1'-X2'-X3'-X4'-X5'-X6'-Z'-...
+     /
+...-Y-BBC-X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-BFC-Z
+-------------
+
+That's why the "git replace" command was created. Technically it
+stores replacements "refs" in the "refs/replace/" hierarchy. These
+"refs" are like branches (that are stored in "refs/heads/") or tags
+(that are stored in "refs/tags"), and that means that they can
+automatically be shared like branches or tags among developers.
+
+"git replace" is a very powerful mechanism. It can be used to fix
+commits in already released history, for example to change the commit
+message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts"
+to link a repository with another old repository.
+
+In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so
+it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should
+be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
+
+One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the
+replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better
+if the replacement refs that are useful only for bisecting would be in
+"refs/replace/bisect/". This way the replacement refs could be used
+only for bisecting, while other refs directly in "refs/replace/" would
+be used nearly all the time.
+
+Bisecting sporadic bugs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Another possible improvement to "git bisect" would be to optionally
+add some redundancy to the tests performed so that it would be more
+reliable when tracking sporadic bugs.
+
+This has been requested by some kernel developers because some bugs
+called sporadic bugs do not appear in all the kernel builds because
+they are very dependent on the compiler output.
+
+The idea is that every 3 test for example, "git bisect" could ask the
+user to test a commit that has already been found to be "good" or
+"bad" (because one of its descendants or one of its ancestors has been
+found to be "good" or "bad" respectively). If it happens that a commit
+has been previously incorrectly classified then the bisection can be
+aborted early, hopefully before too many mistakes have been made. Then
+the user will have to look at what happened and then restart the
+bisection using a fixed bisect log.
+
+There is already a project called BBChop created by Ealdwulf Wuffinga
+on Github that does something like that using Bayesian Search Theory
+<<9>>:
+
+_____________
+BBChop is like 'git bisect' (or equivalent), but works when your bug
+is intermittent. That is, it works in the presence of false negatives
+(when a version happens to work this time even though it contains the
+bug). It assumes that there are no false positives (in principle, the
+same approach would work, but adding it may be non-trivial).
+_____________
+
+But BBChop is independent of any VCS and it would be easier for Git
+users to have something integrated in Git.
+
+Conclusion
+----------
+
+We have seen that regressions are an important problem, and that "git
+bisect" has nice features that complement very well practices and
+other tools, especially test suites, that are generally used to fight
+regressions. But it might be needed to change some work-flows and
+(bad) habits to get the most out of it.
+
+Some improvements to the algorithms inside "git bisect" are possible
+and some new features could help in some cases, but overall "git
+bisect" works already very well, is used a lot, and is already very
+useful. To back up that last claim, let's give the final word to Ingo
+Molnar when he was asked by the author how much time does he think
+"git bisect" saves him when he uses it:
+
+_____________
+a _lot_.
+
+About ten years ago did i do my first 'bisection' of a Linux patch
+queue. That was prior the Git (and even prior the BitKeeper) days. I
+literally days spent sorting out patches, creating what in essence
+were standalone commits that i guessed to be related to that bug.
+
+It was a tool of absolute last resort. I'd rather spend days looking
+at printk output than do a manual 'patch bisection'.
+
+With Git bisect it's a breeze: in the best case i can get a ~15 step
+kernel bisection done in 20-30 minutes, in an automated way. Even with
+manual help or when bisecting multiple, overlapping bugs, it's rarely
+more than an hour.
+
+In fact it's invaluable because there are bugs i would never even
+_try_ to debug if it wasn't for git bisect. In the past there were bug
+patterns that were immediately hopeless for me to debug - at best i
+could send the crash/bug signature to lkml and hope that someone else
+can think of something.
+
+And even if a bisection fails today it tells us something valuable
+about the bug: that it's non-deterministic - timing or kernel image
+layout dependent.
+
+So git bisect is unconditional goodness - and feel free to quote that
+;-)
+_____________
+
+Acknowledgements
+----------------
+
+Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for
+reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing
+some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a
+lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.
+
+Many thanks to Ingo Molnar for giving me very useful information that
+appears in this paper, for commenting on this paper, for his
+suggestions to improve "git bisect" and for evangelizing "git bisect"
+on the linux kernel mailing lists.
+
+Many thanks to Linus Torvalds for inventing, developing and
+evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.
+
+Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or
+another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
+Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley,
+Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
+
+Many thanks to the Linux-Kongress program committee for choosing the
+author to given a talk and for publishing this paper.
+
+References
+----------
+
+- [[[1]]] http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/n02-10.htm['Software Errors Cost U.S. Economy $59.5 Billion Annually'. Nist News Release.]
+- [[[2]]] http://java.sun.com/docs/codeconv/html/CodeConventions.doc.html#16712['Code Conventions for the Java Programming Language'. Sun Microsystems.]
+- [[[3]]] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_maintenance['Software maintenance'. Wikipedia.]
+- [[[4]]] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/45195/[Junio C Hamano. 'Automated bisect success story'. Gmane.]
+- [[[5]]] http://lwn.net/Articles/317154/[Christian Couder. 'Fully automated bisecting with "git bisect run"'. LWN.net.]
+- [[[6]]] http://lwn.net/Articles/277872/[Jonathan Corbet. 'Bisection divides users and developers'. LWN.net.]
+- [[[7]]] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.scsi/36652/[Ingo Molnar. 'Re: BUG 2.6.23-rc3 can't see sd partitions on Alpha'. Gmane.]
+- [[[8]]] http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-bisect.html[Junio C Hamano and the git-list. 'git-bisect(1) Manual Page'. Linux Kernel Archives.]
+- [[[9]]] http://github.com/Ealdwulf/bbchop[Ealdwulf. 'bbchop'. GitHub.]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c39d957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+git-bisect(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-bisect - Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git bisect' <subcommand> <options>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+The command takes various subcommands, and different options depending
+on the subcommand:
+
+ git bisect help
+ git bisect start [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<paths>...]
+ git bisect bad [<rev>]
+ git bisect good [<rev>...]
+ git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...]
+ git bisect reset [<commit>]
+ git bisect visualize
+ git bisect replay <logfile>
+ git bisect log
+ git bisect run <cmd>...
+
+This command uses 'git rev-list --bisect' to help drive the
+binary search process to find which change introduced a bug, given an
+old "good" commit object name and a later "bad" commit object name.
+
+Getting help
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Use "git bisect" to get a short usage description, and "git bisect
+help" or "git bisect -h" to get a long usage description.
+
+Basic bisect commands: start, bad, good
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Using the Linux kernel tree as an example, basic use of the bisect
+command is as follows:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect start
+$ git bisect bad                 # Current version is bad
+$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2    # v2.6.13-rc2 was the last version
+                                 # tested that was good
+------------------------------------------------
+
+When you have specified at least one bad and one good version, the
+command bisects the revision tree and outputs something similar to
+the following:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The state in the middle of the set of revisions is then checked out.
+You would now compile that kernel and boot it. If the booted kernel
+works correctly, you would then issue the following command:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect good			# this one is good
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The output of this command would be something similar to the following:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this
+------------------------------------------------
+
+You keep repeating this process, compiling the tree, testing it, and
+depending on whether it is good or bad issuing the command "git bisect good"
+or "git bisect bad" to ask for the next bisection.
+
+Eventually there will be no more revisions left to bisect, and you
+will have been left with the first bad kernel revision in "refs/bisect/bad".
+
+Bisect reset
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to
+the original HEAD, issue the following command:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect reset
+------------------------------------------------
+
+By default, this will return your tree to the commit that was checked
+out before `git bisect start`.  (A new `git bisect start` will also do
+that, as it cleans up the old bisection state.)
+
+With an optional argument, you can return to a different commit
+instead:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect reset <commit>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+For example, `git bisect reset HEAD` will leave you on the current
+bisection commit and avoid switching commits at all, while `git bisect
+reset bisect/bad` will check out the first bad revision.
+
+Bisect visualize
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To see the currently remaining suspects in 'gitk', issue the following
+command during the bisection process:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect visualize
+------------
+
+`view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`.
+
+If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used
+instead.  You can also give command line options such as `-p` and
+`--stat`.
+
+------------
+$ git bisect view --stat
+------------
+
+Bisect log and bisect replay
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After having marked revisions as good or bad, issue the following
+command to show what has been done so far:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect log
+------------
+
+If you discover that you made a mistake in specifying the status of a
+revision, you can save the output of this command to a file, edit it to
+remove the incorrect entries, and then issue the following commands to
+return to a corrected state:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect reset
+$ git bisect replay that-file
+------------
+
+Avoiding testing a commit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If, in the middle of a bisect session, you know that the next suggested
+revision is not a good one to test (e.g. the change the commit
+introduces is known not to work in your environment and you know it
+does not have anything to do with the bug you are chasing), you may
+want to find a nearby commit and try that instead.
+
+For example:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect good/bad			# previous round was good or bad.
+Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this
+$ git bisect visualize			# oops, that is uninteresting.
+$ git reset --hard HEAD~3		# try 3 revisions before what
+					# was suggested
+------------
+
+Then compile and test the chosen revision, and afterwards mark
+the revision as good or bad in the usual manner.
+
+Bisect skip
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git
+to do it for you by issuing the command:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect skip                 # Current version cannot be tested
+------------
+
+But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
+a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.
+
+You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
+using the "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" notation. For example:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect skip v2.5..v2.6
+------------
+
+This tells the bisect process that no commit after `v2.5`, up to and
+including `v2.6`, should be tested.
+
+Note that if you also want to skip the first commit of the range you
+would issue the command:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect skip v2.5 v2.5..v2.6
+------------
+
+This tells the bisect process that the commits between `v2.5` included
+and `v2.6` included should be skipped.
+
+
+Cutting down bisection by giving more parameters to bisect start
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can further cut down the number of trials, if you know what part of
+the tree is involved in the problem you are tracking down, by specifying
+path parameters when issuing the `bisect start` command:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect start -- arch/i386 include/asm-i386
+------------
+
+If you know beforehand more than one good commit, you can narrow the
+bisect space down by specifying all of the good commits immediately after
+the bad commit when issuing the `bisect start` command:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect start v2.6.20-rc6 v2.6.20-rc4 v2.6.20-rc1 --
+                   # v2.6.20-rc6 is bad
+                   # v2.6.20-rc4 and v2.6.20-rc1 are good
+------------
+
+Bisect run
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you have a script that can tell if the current source code is good
+or bad, you can bisect by issuing the command:
+
+------------
+$ git bisect run my_script arguments
+------------
+
+Note that the script (`my_script` in the above example) should
+exit with code 0 if the current source code is good, and exit with a
+code between 1 and 127 (inclusive), except 125, if the current
+source code is bad.
+
+Any other exit code will abort the bisect process. It should be noted
+that a program that terminates via "exit(-1)" leaves $? = 255, (see the
+exit(3) manual page), as the value is chopped with "& 0377".
+
+The special exit code 125 should be used when the current source code
+cannot be tested. If the script exits with this code, the current
+revision will be skipped (see `git bisect skip` above).
+
+You may often find that during a bisect session you want to have
+temporary modifications (e.g. s/#define DEBUG 0/#define DEBUG 1/ in a
+header file, or "revision that does not have this commit needs this
+patch applied to work around another problem this bisection is not
+interested in") applied to the revision being tested.
+
+To cope with such a situation, after the inner 'git bisect' finds the
+next revision to test, the script can apply the patch
+before compiling, run the real test, and afterwards decide if the
+revision (possibly with the needed patch) passed the test and then
+rewind the tree to the pristine state.  Finally the script should exit
+with the status of the real test to let the "git bisect run" command loop
+determine the eventual outcome of the bisect session.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Automatically bisect a broken build between v1.2 and HEAD:
++
+------------
+$ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 --      # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good
+$ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
+------------
+
+* Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD:
++
+------------
+$ git bisect start HEAD origin --    # HEAD is bad, origin is good
+$ git bisect run make test           # "make test" builds and tests
+------------
+
+* Automatically bisect a broken test suite:
++
+------------
+$ cat ~/test.sh
+#!/bin/sh
+make || exit 125                   # this skips broken builds
+make test                          # "make test" runs the test suite
+$ git bisect start v1.3 v1.1 --    # v1.3 is bad, v1.1 is good
+$ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+------------
++
+Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make"
+fails, we skip the current commit.
++
+It is safer to use a custom script outside the repository to prevent
+interactions between the bisect, make and test processes and the
+script.
++
+"make test" should "exit 0", if the test suite passes, and
+"exit 1" otherwise.
+
+* Automatically bisect a broken test case:
++
+------------
+$ cat ~/test.sh
+#!/bin/sh
+make || exit 125                     # this skips broken builds
+~/check_test_case.sh                 # does the test case passes ?
+$ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
+$ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+------------
++
+Here "check_test_case.sh" should "exit 0" if the test case passes,
+and "exit 1" otherwise.
++
+It is safer if both "test.sh" and "check_test_case.sh" scripts are
+outside the repository to prevent interactions between the bisect,
+make and test processes and the scripts.
+
+* Automatically bisect a broken test suite:
++
+------------
+$ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
+$ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh"
+------------
++
+Does the same as the previous example, but on a single line.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+link:git-bisect-lk2009.html[Fighting regressions with git bisect],
+linkgit:git-blame[1].
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a27f439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+git-blame(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-blame - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
+	    [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
+	    [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which
+last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
+
+The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
+
+The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
+replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
+interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
+
+Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it
+possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
+between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
+a text string in the diff. A small example:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --pretty=oneline -S'blame_usage'
+5040f17eba15504bad66b14a645bddd9b015ebb7 blame -S <ancestry-file>
+ea4c7f9bf69e781dd0cd88d2bccb2bf5cc15c9a7 git-blame: Make the output
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::blame-options.txt[]
+
+-c::
+	Use the same output mode as linkgit:git-annotate[1] (Default: off).
+
+--score-debug::
+	Include debugging information related to the movement of
+	lines between files (see `-C`) and lines moved within a
+	file (see `-M`).  The first number listed is the score.
+	This is the number of alphanumeric characters detected
+	as having been moved between or within files.  This must be above
+	a certain threshold for 'git blame' to consider those lines
+	of code to have been moved.
+
+-f::
+--show-name::
+	Show the filename in the original commit.  By default
+	the filename is shown if there is any line that came from a
+	file with a different name, due to rename detection.
+
+-n::
+--show-number::
+	Show the line number in the original commit (Default: off).
+
+-s::
+	Suppress the author name and timestamp from the output.
+
+-w::
+	Ignore whitespace when comparing the parent's version and
+	the child's to find where the lines came from.
+
+
+THE PORCELAIN FORMAT
+--------------------
+
+In this format, each line is output after a header; the
+header at the minimum has the first line which has:
+
+- 40-byte SHA-1 of the commit the line is attributed to;
+- the line number of the line in the original file;
+- the line number of the line in the final file;
+- on a line that starts a group of lines from a different
+  commit than the previous one, the number of lines in this
+  group.  On subsequent lines this field is absent.
+
+This header line is followed by the following information
+at least once for each commit:
+
+- the author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time
+  ("author-time"), and timezone ("author-tz"); similarly
+  for committer.
+- the filename in the commit that the line is attributed to.
+- the first line of the commit log message ("summary").
+
+The contents of the actual line is output after the above
+header, prefixed by a TAB. This is to allow adding more
+header elements later.
+
+
+SPECIFYING RANGES
+-----------------
+
+Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
+of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision
+ranges.  When you are interested in finding the origin for
+lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so
+(they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at
+line 40):
+
+	git blame -L 40,60 foo
+	git blame -L 40,+21 foo
+
+Also you can use a regular expression to specify the line range:
+
+	git blame -L '/^sub hello {/,/^}$/' foo
+
+which limits the annotation to the body of the `hello` subroutine.
+
+When you are not interested in changes older than version
+v2.6.18, or changes older than 3 weeks, you can use revision
+range specifiers  similar to 'git rev-list':
+
+	git blame v2.6.18.. -- foo
+	git blame --since=3.weeks -- foo
+
+When revision range specifiers are used to limit the annotation,
+lines that have not changed since the range boundary (either the
+commit v2.6.18 or the most recent commit that is more than 3
+weeks old in the above example) are blamed for that range
+boundary commit.
+
+A particularly useful way is to see if an added file has lines
+created by copy-and-paste from existing files.  Sometimes this
+indicates that the developer was being sloppy and did not
+refactor the code properly.  You can first find the commit that
+introduced the file with:
+
+	git log --diff-filter=A --pretty=short -- foo
+
+and then annotate the change between the commit and its
+parents, using `commit{caret}!` notation:
+
+	git blame -C -C -f $commit^! -- foo
+
+
+INCREMENTAL OUTPUT
+------------------
+
+When called with `--incremental` option, the command outputs the
+result as it is built.  The output generally will talk about
+lines touched by more recent commits first (i.e. the lines will
+be annotated out of order) and is meant to be used by
+interactive viewers.
+
+The output format is similar to the Porcelain format, but it
+does not contain the actual lines from the file that is being
+annotated.
+
+. Each blame entry always starts with a line of:
+
+	<40-byte hex sha1> <sourceline> <resultline> <num_lines>
++
+Line numbers count from 1.
+
+. The first time that a commit shows up in the stream, it has various
+  other information about it printed out with a one-word tag at the
+  beginning of each line describing the extra commit information (author,
+  email, committer, dates, summary, etc.).
+
+. Unlike the Porcelain format, the filename information is always
+  given and terminates the entry:
+
+	"filename" <whitespace-quoted-filename-goes-here>
++
+and thus it is really quite easy to parse for some line- and word-oriented
+parser (which should be quite natural for most scripting languages).
++
+[NOTE]
+For people who do parsing: to make it more robust, just ignore any
+lines between the first and last one ("<sha1>" and "filename" lines)
+where you do not recognize the tag words (or care about that particular
+one) at the beginning of the "extended information" lines. That way, if
+there is ever added information (like the commit encoding or extended
+commit commentary), a blame viewer will not care.
+
+
+MAPPING AUTHORS
+---------------
+
+include::mailmap.txt[]
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-annotate[1]
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b6c3da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+git-branch(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-branch - List, create, or delete branches
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git branch' [--color | --no-color] [-r | -a]
+	[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
+	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]]
+'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
+'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
+'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will
+be highlighted with an asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking
+branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both.
+
+With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
+(in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
+named commit).  With `--merged`, only branches merged into the named
+commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are reachable from the named
+commit) will be listed.  With `--no-merged` only branches not merged into
+the named commit will be listed.  If the <commit> argument is missing it
+defaults to 'HEAD' (i.e. the tip of the current branch).
+
+The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
+which points to the current 'HEAD', or <start-point> if given.
+
+Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
+working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
+new branch.
+
+When a local branch is started off a remote branch, git sets up the
+branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
+the remote branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
+`branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
+overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options.
+
+With a '-m' or '-M' option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
+If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
+<newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
+renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
+to happen.
+
+With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted.  You may
+specify more than one branch for deletion.  If the branch currently
+has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
+
+Use -r together with -d to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
+only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
+in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
+them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
+way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-d::
+	Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in HEAD.
+
+-D::
+	Delete a branch irrespective of its merged status.
+
+-l::
+	Create the branch's reflog.  This activates recording of
+	all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
+	based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists
+	already. Without `-f` 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
+
+-m::
+	Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.
+
+-M::
+	Move/rename a branch even if the new branch name already exists.
+
+--color::
+	Color branches to highlight current, local, and remote branches.
+
+--no-color::
+	Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
+	default to color output.
+
+-r::
+	List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
+
+-a::
+	List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
+	relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
+	the name of the upstream branch, as well.
+
+--abbrev=<length>::
+	Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing.
+	The default value is 7.
+
+--no-abbrev::
+	Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.
+
+-t::
+--track::
+	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
+	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
+	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
+	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
+	it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
+	upstream when the new branch is checked out.
++
+This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote branch.
+Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you
+want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if '--no-track'
+were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
+start-point is either a local or remote branch.
+
+--no-track::
+	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
+	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
+
+--set-upstream::
+	If specified branch does not exist yet or if '--force' has been
+	given, acts exactly like '--track'. Otherwise sets up configuration
+	like '--track' would when creating the branch, except that where
+	branch points to is not changed.
+
+--contains <commit>::
+	Only list branches which contain the specified commit.
+
+--merged [<commit>]::
+	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+
+--no-merged [<commit>]::
+	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+
+<branchname>::
+	The name of the branch to create or delete.
+	The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
+	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
+	may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
+
+<start-point>::
+	The new branch head will point to this commit.  It may be
+	given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag.  If this
+	option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.
+
+<oldbranch>::
+	The name of an existing branch to rename.
+
+<newbranch>::
+	The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
+	<branchname> apply.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Start development from a known tag::
++
+------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
+$ cd my2.6
+$ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14   <1>
+$ git checkout my2.6.14
+------------
++
+<1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
+"checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".
+
+Delete an unneeded branch::
++
+------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
+$ cd my.git
+$ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man   <1>
+$ git branch -D test                                    <2>
+------------
++
+<1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
+'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to.
+See linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+<2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
+is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
+easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create
+a branch and check it out with a single command.
+
+The options `--contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serve three related
+but different purposes:
+
+- `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
+  special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
+  branches contain the specified <commit>.
+
+- `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
+  since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.
+
+- `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
+  into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
+linkgit:git-fetch[1],
+linkgit:git-remote[1],
+link:user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch[``Understanding history: What is
+a branch?''] in the Git User's Manual.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5ed8fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+git-bundle(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git bundle' create <file> <git-rev-list args>
+'git bundle' verify <file>
+'git bundle' list-heads <file> [refname...]
+'git bundle' unbundle <file> [refname...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
+machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
+be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
+ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
+'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
+in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
+another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull'
+after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet).  As no
+direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
+basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
+bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
+destination repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+create <file>::
+       Used to create a bundle named 'file'.  This requires the
+       'git rev-list' arguments to define the bundle contents.
+
+verify <file>::
+       Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
+       cleanly to the current repository.  This includes checks on the
+       bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
+       commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
+       'git bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
+       with a non-zero status.
+
+list-heads <file>::
+       Lists the references defined in the bundle.  If followed by a
+       list of references, only references matching those given are
+       printed out.
+
+unbundle <file>::
+       Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git index-pack'
+       for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
+       defined references. If a list of references is given, only
+       references matching those in the list are printed. This command is
+       really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git fetch'.
+
+[git-rev-list-args...]::
+       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+       to transport.  For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
+       current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
+       added since its 10th ancestor commit.  There is no explicit
+       limit to the number of references and objects that may be
+       packaged.
+
+
+[refname...]::
+       A list of references used to limit the references reported as
+       available. This is principally of use to 'git fetch', which
+       expects to receive only those references asked for and not
+       necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts
+       like 'git fetch-pack').
+
+SPECIFYING REFERENCES
+---------------------
+
+'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
+'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads.  References
+such as `master\~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
+defining the basis.  More than one reference may be packaged, and more
+than one basis can be specified.  The objects packaged are those not
+contained in the union of the given bases.  Each basis can be
+specified explicitly (e.g. `^master\~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
+`master\~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
+
+It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
+It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
+to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
+when unpacking at the destination.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A
+to another repository R2 on machine B.
+For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,
+but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.).
+We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1.
+
+To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have
+any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last
+processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository
+with an incremental bundle:
+
+----------------
+machineA$ cd R1
+machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
+machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
+----------------
+
+Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
+the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
+were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
+pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
+
+----------------
+machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
+----------------
+
+This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
+lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will
+have an entry like this:
+
+------------------------
+[remote "origin"]
+    url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle
+    fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+------------------------
+
+To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after
+replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental
+updates.
+
+After working some more in the original repository, you can create an
+incremental bundle to update the other repository:
+
+----------------
+machineA$ cd R1
+machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
+machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
+----------------
+
+You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace
+/home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it.
+
+----------------
+machineB$ cd R2
+machineB$ git pull
+----------------
+
+If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should
+have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the
+basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go
+in the resulting bundle. The previous example used lastR2bundle tag
+for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to
+the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:
+
+You can use a tag that is present in both:
+
+----------------
+$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master
+----------------
+
+You can use a basis based on time:
+
+----------------
+$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master
+----------------
+
+You can use the number of commits:
+
+----------------
+$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master
+----------------
+
+You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle
+that was created with a basis:
+
+----------------
+$ git bundle verify mybundle
+----------------
+
+This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the
+bundle and will error out if you do not have them.
+
+A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a
+regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map
+references when fetching:
+
+----------------
+$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef
+----------------
+
+You can also see what references it offers.
+
+----------------
+$ git ls-remote mybundle
+----------------
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58c8d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+git-cat-file(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-cat-file - Provide content or type and size information for repository objects
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git cat-file' (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type>) <object>
+'git cat-file' (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+In its first form, the command provides the content or the type of an object in
+the repository. The type is required unless '-t' or '-p' is used to find the
+object type, or '-s' is used to find the object size.
+
+In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
+stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<object>::
+	The name of the object to show.
+	For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
+	the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+-t::
+	Instead of the content, show the object type identified by
+	<object>.
+
+-s::
+	Instead of the content, show the object size identified by
+	<object>.
+
+-e::
+	Suppress all output; instead exit with zero status if <object>
+	exists and is a valid object.
+
+-p::
+	Pretty-print the contents of <object> based on its type.
+
+<type>::
+	Typically this matches the real type of <object> but asking
+	for a type that can trivially be dereferenced from the given
+	<object> is also permitted.  An example is to ask for a
+	"tree" with <object> being a commit object that contains it,
+	or to ask for a "blob" with <object> being a tag object that
+	points at it.
+
+--batch::
+	Print the SHA1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
+	stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+
+--batch-check::
+	Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
+	be combined with any other options or arguments.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+If '-t' is specified, one of the <type>.
+
+If '-s' is specified, the size of the <object> in bytes.
+
+If '-e' is specified, no output.
+
+If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
+
+If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object>
+will be returned.
+
+If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each
+object specified on stdin:
+
+------------
+<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
+<contents> LF
+------------
+
+If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for
+each object specified on stdin:
+
+------------
+<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
+------------
+
+For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed
+for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository:
+
+------------
+<object> SP missing LF
+------------
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50824e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+git-check-attr(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-attr - Display gitattributes information
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-attr' attr... [--] pathname...
+'git check-attr' --stdin [-z] attr... < <list-of-paths>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+For every pathname, this command will list if each attribute is 'unspecified',
+'set', or 'unset' as a gitattribute on that pathname.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--stdin::
+	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+
+-z::
+	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a
+	NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+
+\--::
+	Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following
+	arguments as path names. If not supplied, only the first argument will
+	be treated as an attribute.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+The output is of the form:
+<path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF
+
+<path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute
+being queried and <info> can be either:
+
+'unspecified';; when the attribute is not defined for the path.
+'unset';;	when the attribute is defined as false.
+'set';;		when the attribute is defined as true.
+<value>;;	when a value has been assigned to the attribute.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+In the examples, the following '.gitattributes' file is used:
+---------------
+*.java diff=java -crlf myAttr
+NoMyAttr.java !myAttr
+README caveat=unspecified
+---------------
+
+* Listing a single attribute:
+---------------
+$ git check-attr diff org/example/MyClass.java
+org/example/MyClass.java: diff: java
+---------------
+
+* Listing multiple attributes for a file:
+---------------
+$ git check-attr crlf diff myAttr -- org/example/MyClass.java
+org/example/MyClass.java: crlf: unset
+org/example/MyClass.java: diff: java
+org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set
+---------------
+
+* Listing an attribute for multiple files:
+---------------
+$ git check-attr myAttr -- org/example/MyClass.java org/example/NoMyAttr.java
+org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set
+org/example/NoMyAttr.java: myAttr: unspecified
+---------------
+
+* Not all values are equally unambiguous:
+---------------
+$ git check-attr caveat README
+README: caveat: unspecified
+---------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitattributes[5].
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by James Bowes.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9a3326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+git-check-ref-format(1)
+=======================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-ref-format - Ensures that a reference name is well formed
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-ref-format' <refname>
+'git check-ref-format' --print <refname>
+'git check-ref-format' --branch <branchname-shorthand>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
+status if it is not.
+
+A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags.  A
+branch head is stored under the `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` directory, and
+a tag is stored under the `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` directory.  git
+imposes the following rules on how references are named:
+
+. They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
+  grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
+  dot `.`.
+
+. They must contain at least one `/`. This enforces the presence of a
+  category like `heads/`, `tags/` etc. but the actual names are not
+  restricted.
+
+. They cannot have two consecutive dots `..` anywhere.
+
+. They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
+  values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
+  caret `{caret}`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`,
+  or open bracket `[` anywhere.
+
+. They cannot end with a slash `/` nor a dot `.`.
+
+. They cannot end with the sequence `.lock`.
+
+. They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
+
+- They cannot contain a `\\`.
+
+These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
+reference names, pathname expansion by the shell when a reference name is used
+unquoted (by mistake), and also avoids ambiguities in certain
+reference name expressions (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]):
+
+. A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some
+  contexts this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in
+  `ref1` and in `ref2`).
+
+. A tilde `~` and caret `{caret}` are used to introduce the postfix
+  'nth parent' and 'peel onion' operation.
+
+. A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s
+  value and store it in dstref" in fetch and push operations.
+  It may also be used to select a specific object such as with
+  'git cat-file': "git cat-file blob v1.3.3:refs.c".
+
+. at-open-brace `@{` is used as a notation to access a reflog entry.
+
+With the `--print` option, if 'refname' is acceptable, it prints the
+canonicalized name of a hypothetical reference with that name.  That is,
+it prints 'refname' with any extra `/` characters removed.
+
+With the `--branch` option, it expands the ``previous branch syntax''
+`@{-n}`.  For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last branch you
+were on.  This option should be used by porcelains to accept this
+syntax anywhere a branch name is expected, so they can act as if you
+typed the branch name.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Print the name of the previous branch:
++
+------------
+$ git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}
+------------
+
+* Determine the reference name to use for a new branch:
++
+------------
+$ ref=$(git check-ref-format --print "refs/heads/$newbranch") ||
+die "we do not like '$newbranch' as a branch name."
+------------
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6aa6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout-index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+git-checkout-index(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-checkout-index - Copy files from the index to the working tree
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git checkout-index' [-u] [-q] [-a] [-f] [-n] [--prefix=<string>]
+		   [--stage=<number>|all]
+		   [--temp]
+		   [-z] [--stdin]
+		   [--] [<file>]\*
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Will copy all files listed from the index to the working directory
+(not overwriting existing files).
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-u::
+--index::
+	update stat information for the checked out entries in
+	the index file.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	be quiet if files exist or are not in the index
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	forces overwrite of existing files
+
+-a::
+--all::
+	checks out all files in the index.  Cannot be used
+	together with explicit filenames.
+
+-n::
+--no-create::
+	Don't checkout new files, only refresh files already checked
+	out.
+
+--prefix=<string>::
+	When creating files, prepend <string> (usually a directory
+	including a trailing /)
+
+--stage=<number>|all::
+	Instead of checking out unmerged entries, copy out the
+	files from named stage.  <number> must be between 1 and 3.
+	Note: --stage=all automatically implies --temp.
+
+--temp::
+	Instead of copying the files to the working directory
+	write the content to temporary files.  The temporary name
+	associations will be written to stdout.
+
+--stdin::
+	Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
+	read list of paths from the standard input.  Paths are
+	separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
+
+-z::
+	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with
+	NUL character instead of LF.
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+The order of the flags used to matter, but not anymore.
+
+Just doing `git checkout-index` does nothing. You probably meant
+`git checkout-index -a`. And if you want to force it, you want
+`git checkout-index -f -a`.
+
+Intuitiveness is not the goal here. Repeatability is. The reason for
+the "no arguments means no work" behavior is that from scripts you are
+supposed to be able to do:
+
+----------------
+$ find . -name '*.h' -print0 | xargs -0 git checkout-index -f --
+----------------
+
+which will force all existing `*.h` files to be replaced with their
+cached copies. If an empty command line implied "all", then this would
+force-refresh everything in the index, which was not the point.  But
+since 'git checkout-index' accepts --stdin it would be faster to use:
+
+----------------
+$ find . -name '*.h' -print0 | git checkout-index -f -z --stdin
+----------------
+
+The `--` is just a good idea when you know the rest will be filenames;
+it will prevent problems with a filename of, for example,  `-a`.
+Using `--` is probably a good policy in scripts.
+
+
+Using --temp or --stage=all
+---------------------------
+When `--temp` is used (or implied by `--stage=all`)
+'git checkout-index' will create a temporary file for each index
+entry being checked out.  The index will not be updated with stat
+information.  These options can be useful if the caller needs all
+stages of all unmerged entries so that the unmerged files can be
+processed by an external merge tool.
+
+A listing will be written to stdout providing the association of
+temporary file names to tracked path names.  The listing format
+has two variations:
+
+    . tempname TAB path RS
++
+The first format is what gets used when `--stage` is omitted or
+is not `--stage=all`. The field tempname is the temporary file
+name holding the file content and path is the tracked path name in
+the index.  Only the requested entries are output.
+
+    . stage1temp SP stage2temp SP stage3tmp TAB path RS
++
+The second format is what gets used when `--stage=all`.  The three
+stage temporary fields (stage1temp, stage2temp, stage3temp) list the
+name of the temporary file if there is a stage entry in the index
+or `.` if there is no stage entry.  Paths which only have a stage 0
+entry will always be omitted from the output.
+
+In both formats RS (the record separator) is newline by default
+but will be the null byte if -z was passed on the command line.
+The temporary file names are always safe strings; they will never
+contain directory separators or whitespace characters.  The path
+field is always relative to the current directory and the temporary
+file names are always relative to the top level directory.
+
+If the object being copied out to a temporary file is a symbolic
+link the content of the link will be written to a normal file.  It is
+up to the end-user or the Porcelain to make use of this information.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+To update and refresh only the files already checked out::
++
+----------------
+$ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
+----------------
+
+Using 'git checkout-index' to "export an entire tree"::
+	The prefix ability basically makes it trivial to use
+	'git checkout-index' as an "export as tree" function.
+	Just read the desired tree into the index, and do:
++
+----------------
+$ git checkout-index --prefix=git-export-dir/ -a
+----------------
++
+`git checkout-index` will "export" the index into the specified
+directory.
++
+The final "/" is important. The exported name is literally just
+prefixed with the specified string.  Contrast this with the
+following example.
+
+Export files with a prefix::
++
+----------------
+$ git checkout-index --prefix=.merged- Makefile
+----------------
++
+This will check out the currently cached copy of `Makefile`
+into the file `.merged-Makefile`.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves,
+Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37c1810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+git-checkout(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [-b <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
+'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
+'git checkout' --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+When <paths> are not given, this command switches branches by
+updating the index, working tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified
+branch.
+
+If `-b` is given, a new branch is created and checked out, as if
+linkgit:git-branch[1] were called; in this case you can
+use the --track or --no-track options, which will be passed to `git
+branch`.  As a convenience, --track without `-b` implies branch
+creation; see the description of --track below.
+
+When <paths> or --patch are given, this command does *not* switch
+branches.  It updates the named paths in the working tree from
+the index file, or from a named <tree-ish> (most often a commit).  In
+this case, the `-b` and `--track` options are meaningless and giving
+either of them results in an error. The <tree-ish> argument can be
+used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
+to update the index for the given paths before updating the
+working tree.
+
+The index may contain unmerged entries after a failed merge.  By
+default, if you try to check out such an entry from the index, the
+checkout operation will fail and nothing will be checked out.
+Using -f will ignore these unmerged entries.  The contents from a
+specific side of the merge can be checked out of the index by
+using --ours or --theirs.  With -m, changes made to the working tree
+file can be discarded to recreate the original conflicted merge result.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	When switching branches, proceed even if the index or the
+	working tree differs from HEAD.  This is used to throw away
+	local changes.
++
+When checking out paths from the index, do not fail upon unmerged
+entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
+
+--ours::
+--theirs::
+	When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2
+	('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths.
+
+-b::
+	Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
+	<start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
+
+-t::
+--track::
+	When creating a new branch, set up "upstream" configuration. See
+	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
++
+If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
+derived from the remote branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
+is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
+next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
+This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
+off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
+"refs/remotes/origin/hack").  If the given name has no slash, or the above
+guessing results in an empty name, the guessing is aborted.  You can
+explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
+
+--no-track::
+	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
+	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
+
+-l::
+	Create the new branch's reflog; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for
+	details.
+
+-m::
+--merge::
+	When switching branches,
+	if you have local modifications to one or more files that
+	are different between the current branch and the branch to
+	which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
+	branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
+	However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
+	branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
+	is done, and you will be on the new branch.
++
+When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
+paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
+and mark the resolved paths with `git add` (or `git rm` if the merge
+should result in deletion of the path).
++
+When checking out paths from the index, this option lets you recreate
+the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
+
+--conflict=<style>::
+	The same as --merge option above, but changes the way the
+	conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the
+	merge.conflictstyle configuration variable.  Possible values are
+	"merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by
+	"merge" style, shows the original contents).
+
+-p::
+--patch::
+	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the
+	<tree-ish> (or the index, if unspecified) and the working
+	tree.  The chosen hunks are then applied in reverse to the
+	working tree (and if a <tree-ish> was specified, the index).
++
+This means that you can use `git checkout -p` to selectively discard
+edits from your current working tree.
+
+<branch>::
+	Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
+	when prepended with "refs/heads/", is a valid ref), then that
+	branch is checked out. Otherwise, if it refers to a valid
+	commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on
+	any branch (see below for details).
++
+As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch
+checks out the branch (instead of detaching).  You may also specify
+`-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`.
+
+<new_branch>::
+	Name for the new branch.
+
+<start_point>::
+	The name of a commit at which to start the new branch; see
+	linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. Defaults to HEAD.
+
+<tree-ish>::
+	Tree to checkout from (when paths are given). If not specified,
+	the index will be used.
+
+
+
+Detached HEAD
+-------------
+
+It is sometimes useful to be able to 'checkout' a commit that is
+not at the tip of one of your branches.  The most obvious
+example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
+point, like this:
+
+------------
+$ git checkout v2.6.18
+------------
+
+Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
+create a temporary branch using the `-b` option, but starting from
+version 1.5.0, the above command 'detaches' your HEAD from the
+current branch and directly points at the commit named by the tag
+(`v2.6.18` in the example above).
+
+You can use all git commands while in this state.  You can use
+`git reset --hard $othercommit` to further move around, for
+example.  You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
+a detached HEAD.  You can even create a merge by using `git
+merge $othercommit`.
+
+The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
+by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
+What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
+and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. `git
+checkout master`), and a later `git prune` or `git gc` would
+garbage-collect them.  If you did this by mistake, you can ask
+the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.
+
+------------
+$ git log -g -2 HEAD
+------------
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+. The following sequence checks out the `master` branch, reverts
+the `Makefile` to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
+mistake, and gets it back from the index.
++
+------------
+$ git checkout master             <1>
+$ git checkout master~2 Makefile  <2>
+$ rm -f hello.c
+$ git checkout hello.c            <3>
+------------
++
+<1> switch branch
+<2> take a file out of another commit
+<3> restore hello.c from the index
++
+If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
+step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
+You should instead write:
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -- hello.c
+------------
+
+. After working in the wrong branch, switching to the correct
+branch would be done using:
++
+------------
+$ git checkout mytopic
+------------
++
+However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
+differ in files that you have modified locally, in which case
+the above checkout would fail like this:
++
+------------
+$ git checkout mytopic
+fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.
+------------
++
+You can give the `-m` flag to the command, which would try a
+three-way merge:
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -m mytopic
+Auto-merging frotz
+------------
++
+After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
+registered in your index file, so `git diff` would show you what
+changes you made since the tip of the new branch.
+
+. When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
+the `-m` option, you would see something like this:
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -m mytopic
+Auto-merging frotz
+ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
+fatal: merge program failed
+------------
++
+At this point, `git diff` shows the changes cleanly merged as in
+the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
+files.  Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
+`git add` as usual:
++
+------------
+$ edit frotz
+$ git add frotz
+------------
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78f4714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+git-cherry-pick(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-cherry-pick - Apply the change introduced by an existing commit
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] <commit>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Given one existing commit, apply the change the patch introduces, and record a
+new commit that records it.  This requires your working tree to be clean (no
+modifications from the HEAD commit).
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<commit>::
+	Commit to cherry-pick.
+	For a more complete list of ways to spell commits, see the
+	"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+-e::
+--edit::
+	With this option, 'git cherry-pick' will let you edit the commit
+	message prior to committing.
+
+-x::
+	When recording the commit, append to the original commit
+	message a note that indicates which commit this change
+	was cherry-picked from.  Append the note only for cherry
+	picks without conflicts.  Do not use this option if
+	you are cherry-picking from your private branch because
+	the information is useless to the recipient.  If on the
+	other hand you are cherry-picking between two publicly
+	visible branches (e.g. backporting a fix to a
+	maintenance branch for an older release from a
+	development branch), adding this information can be
+	useful.
+
+-r::
+	It used to be that the command defaulted to do `-x`
+	described above, and `-r` was to disable it.  Now the
+	default is not to do `-x` so this option is a no-op.
+
+-m parent-number::
+--mainline parent-number::
+	Usually you cannot cherry-pick a merge because you do not know which
+	side of the merge should be considered the mainline.  This
+	option specifies the parent number (starting from 1) of
+	the mainline and allows cherry-pick to replay the change
+	relative to the specified parent.
+
+-n::
+--no-commit::
+	Usually the command automatically creates a commit.
+	This flag applies the change necessary to cherry-pick
+	the named commit to your working tree and the index,
+	but does not make the commit.  In addition, when this
+	option is used, your index does not have to match the
+	HEAD commit.  The cherry-pick is done against the
+	beginning state of your index.
++
+This is useful when cherry-picking more than one commits'
+effect to your index in a row.
+
+-s::
+--signoff::
+	Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fed115a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+git-cherry(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-cherry - Find commits not merged upstream
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git cherry' [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head>
+is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>.
+The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from
+the 'git patch-id' program.
+
+Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch
+has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol.  The ones that have
+equivalent change already
+in the <upstream> branch are prefixed with a minus (-) sign, and those
+that only exist in the <head> branch are prefixed with a plus (+) symbol:
+
+               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
+              /
+    fork-point
+              \__+__+__-__+__+__-__+__> <head>
+
+
+If a <limit> has been given then the commits along the <head> branch up
+to and including <limit> are not reported:
+
+               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
+              /
+    fork-point
+              \__*__*__<limit>__-__+__> <head>
+
+
+Because 'git cherry' compares the changeset rather than the commit id
+(sha1), you can use 'git cherry' to find out if a commit you made locally
+has been applied <upstream> under a different commit id.  For example,
+this will happen if you're feeding patches <upstream> via email rather
+than pushing or pulling commits directly.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-v::
+	Verbose.
+
+<upstream>::
+	Upstream branch to compare against.
+	Defaults to the first tracked remote branch, if available.
+
+<head>::
+	Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
+
+<limit>::
+	Do not report commits up to (and including) limit.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-patch-id[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-citool.txt b/Documentation/git-citool.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb2753c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-citool.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+git-citool(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-citool - Graphical alternative to git-commit
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git citool'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A Tcl/Tk based graphical interface to review modified files, stage
+them into the index, enter a commit message and record the new
+commit onto the current branch.  This interface is an alternative
+to the less interactive 'git commit' program.
+
+'git citool' is actually a standard alias for `git gui citool`.
+See linkgit:git-gui[1] for more details.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a81cb6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+git-clean(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not
+under version control, starting from the current directory.
+
+Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x'
+option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for
+example, be useful to remove all build products.
+
+If any optional `<path>...` arguments are given, only those paths
+are affected.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-d::
+	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
+	If an untracked directory is managed by a different git
+	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
+	if you really want to remove such a directory.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
+	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Don't actually remove anything, just show what would be done.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be quiet, only report errors, but not the files that are
+	successfully removed.
+
+-x::
+	Don't use the ignore rules.  This allows removing all untracked
+	files, including build products.  This can be used (possibly in
+	conjunction with 'git reset') to create a pristine
+	working directory to test a clean build.
+
+-X::
+	Remove only files ignored by git.  This may be useful to rebuild
+	everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f43c8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+git-clone(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-clone - Clone a repository into a new directory
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
+	  [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
+	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
+	  [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates
+remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository
+(visible using `git branch -r`), and creates and checks out an
+initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's
+currently active branch.
+
+After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
+all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
+arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
+current master branch, if any.
+
+This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
+the remote branch heads under `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/origin` and
+by initializing `remote.origin.url` and `remote.origin.fetch`
+configuration variables.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--local::
+-l::
+	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
+	this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
+	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
+	HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
+	The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
+	to save space when possible.  This is now the default when
+	the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo`
+	syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option.  To force
+	copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable
+	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository),
+	but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport
+	mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
+
+--no-hardlinks::
+	Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
+	local filesystem by copying files under `.git/objects`
+	directory.
+
+--shared::
+-s::
+	When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
+	instead of using hard links, automatically setup
+	`.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects
+	with the source repository.  The resulting repository
+	starts out without any object of its own.
++
+*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
+it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
+repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
+other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
+source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
+These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
+which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
+If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
+then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
++
+Note that running `git repack` without the `-l` option in a repository
+cloned with `-s` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
+in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone -s`.
+It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `-l` option by
+default.
++
+If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `-s` on
+its source repository, you can simply run `git repack -a` to copy all
+objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
+
+--reference <repository>::
+	If the reference repository is on the local machine,
+	automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to
+	obtain objects from the reference repository.  Using
+	an already existing repository as an alternate will
+	require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
+	being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
++
+*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option.
+
+--quiet::
+-q::
+	Operate quietly.  Progress is not reported to the standard
+	error stream. This flag is also passed to the `rsync'
+	command when given.
+
+--verbose::
+-v::
+	Run verbosely.
+
+--progress::
+	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
+	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
+	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
+	standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
+
+--no-checkout::
+-n::
+	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
+
+--bare::
+	Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
+	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
+	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
+	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
+	because there is nowhere to check out the working tree.
+	Also the branch heads at the remote are copied directly
+	to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping
+	them to `refs/remotes/origin/`.  When this option is
+	used, neither remote-tracking branches nor the related
+	configuration variables are created.
+
+--mirror::
+	Set up a mirror of the remote repository.  This implies `--bare`.
+
+--origin <name>::
+-o <name>::
+	Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track
+	of the upstream repository, use `<name>`.
+
+--branch <name>::
+-b <name>::
+	Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
+	to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
+	instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
+	be checked out.
+
+--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
+-u <upload-pack>::
+	When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed
+	via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command
+	run on the other end.
+
+--template=<template_directory>::
+	Specify the directory from which templates will be used;
+	if unset the templates are taken from the installation
+	defined default, typically `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
+
+--depth <depth>::
+	Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the
+	specified number of revisions.  A shallow repository has a
+	number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from
+	it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you
+	are only interested in the recent history of a large project
+	with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
+	as patches.
+
+--recursive::
+	After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within,
+	using their default settings. This is equivalent to running
+	`git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after
+	the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned
+	repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
+	`--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
+
+<repository>::
+	The (possibly remote) repository to clone from.  See the
+	<<URLS,URLS>> section below for more information on specifying
+	repositories.
+
+<directory>::
+	The name of a new directory to clone into.  The "humanish"
+	part of the source repository is used if no directory is
+	explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo`
+	for `host.xz:foo/.git`).  Cloning into an existing directory
+	is only allowed if the directory is empty.
+
+:git-clone: 1
+include::urls.txt[]
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Clone from upstream::
++
+------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
+$ cd my2.6
+$ make
+------------
+
+
+Make a local clone that borrows from the current directory, without checking things out::
++
+------------
+$ git clone -l -s -n . ../copy
+$ cd ../copy
+$ git show-branch
+------------
+
+
+Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory::
++
+------------
+$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
+	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
+	my2.7
+$ cd my2.7
+------------
+
+
+Create a bare repository to publish your changes to the public::
++
+------------
+$ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
+------------
+
+
+Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus::
++
+------------
+$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
+    /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
+------------
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6188854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+git-commit-tree(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git commit-tree' <tree> [-p <parent commit>]\* < changelog
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This is usually not what an end user wants to run directly.  See
+linkgit:git-commit[1] instead.
+
+Creates a new commit object based on the provided tree object and
+emits the new commit object id on stdout.
+
+A commit object may have any number of parents. With exactly one
+parent, it is an ordinary commit. Having more than one parent makes
+the commit a merge between several lines of history. Initial (root)
+commits have no parents.
+
+While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
+directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
+to get there.
+
+Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
+doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
+tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
+`.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
+state was.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<tree>::
+	An existing tree object
+
+-p <parent commit>::
+	Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object.
+
+
+Commit Information
+------------------
+
+A commit encapsulates:
+
+- all parent object ids
+- author name, email and date
+- committer name and email and the commit time.
+
+While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and
+committer information is taken from the following environment variables,
+if set:
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	EMAIL
+
+(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
+
+In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
+is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
+present, system user name and fully qualified hostname.
+
+A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog
+entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git commit-tree' will just wait
+for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
+
+include::date-formats.txt[]
+
+Diagnostics
+-----------
+You don't exist. Go away!::
+    The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read
+Your parents must have hated you!::
+    The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer.
+Your sysadmin must hate you!::
+    The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer.
+
+Discussion
+----------
+
+include::i18n.txt[]
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-write-tree[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e99bb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+git-commit(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-commit - Record changes to the repository
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] [--dry-run]
+	   [(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author]
+	   [--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
+	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status] [--]
+	   [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Stores the current contents of the index in a new commit along
+with a log message from the user describing the changes.
+
+The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
+
+1. by using 'git add' to incrementally "add" changes to the
+   index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
+   files must be "added");
+
+2. by using 'git rm' to remove files from the working tree
+   and the index, again before using the 'commit' command;
+
+3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
+   case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
+   record the current content of the listed files (which must already
+   be known to git);
+
+4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
+   "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
+   listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index
+   that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the
+   actual commit;
+
+5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one
+   by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
+   operation.  Currently, this is done by invoking 'git add --interactive'.
+
+The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a
+summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
+commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).
+
+If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after
+that, you can recover from it with 'git reset'.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-a::
+--all::
+	Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
+	been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
+	told git about are not affected.
+
+-C <commit>::
+--reuse-message=<commit>::
+	Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message
+	and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
+	when creating the commit.
+
+-c <commit>::
+--reedit-message=<commit>::
+	Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
+	the user can further edit the commit message.
+
+--reset-author::
+	When used with -C/-c/--amend options, declare that the
+	authorship of the resulting commit now belongs of the committer.
+	This also renews the author timestamp.
+
+--short::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See
+	linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`.
+
+--porcelain::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready
+	format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
+	`--dry-run`.
+
+-z::
+	When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
+	entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no
+	format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format.
+
+-F <file>::
+--file=<file>::
+	Take the commit message from the given file.  Use '-' to
+	read the message from the standard input.
+
+--author=<author>::
+	Override the author name used in the commit.  You can use the
+	standard `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.  Otherwise,
+	an existing commit that matches the given string and its author
+	name is used.
+
+--date=<date>::
+	Override the author date used in the commit.
+
+-m <msg>::
+--message=<msg>::
+	Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
+
+-t <file>::
+--template=<file>::
+	Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
+	of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
+	make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
+	the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
+	overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
+
+-s::
+--signoff::
+	Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
+	log message.
+
+-n::
+--no-verify::
+	This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks.
+	See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+
+--allow-empty::
+	Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its
+	sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you
+	from making such a commit.  This option bypasses the safety, and
+	is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts.
+
+--cleanup=<mode>::
+	This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
+	The  '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
+	and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
+	trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
+	only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
+	removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
+	'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
+	and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+
+-e::
+--edit::
+	The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
+	`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
+	commit log message unmodified.  This option lets you
+	further edit the message taken from these sources.
+
+--amend::
+	Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
+	object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
+	(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
+	commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
+	tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
+	current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
+	the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
+	discarded.
++
+--
+It is a rough equivalent for:
+------
+	$ git reset --soft HEAD^
+	$ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ...
+	$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
+
+------
+but can be used to amend a merge commit.
+--
++
+You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you
+amend a commit that has already been published.  (See the "RECOVERING
+FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
+
+-i::
+--include::
+	Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
+	stage the contents of paths given on the command line
+	as well.  This is usually not what you want unless you
+	are concluding a conflicted merge.
+
+-o::
+--only::
+	Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
+	command line, disregarding any contents that have been
+	staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
+	'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
+	in which case this option can be omitted.
+	If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
+	no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend
+	the last commit without committing changes that have
+	already been staged.
+
+-u[<mode>]::
+--untracked-files[=<mode>]::
+	Show untracked files (Default: 'all').
++
+The mode parameter is optional, and is used to specify
+the handling of untracked files. The possible options are:
++
+--
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
+--
++
+See linkgit:git-config[1] for configuration variable
+used to change the default for when the option is not
+specified.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
+	would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
+	template.  Note that this diff output doesn't have its
+	lines prefixed with '#'.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Suppress commit summary message.
+
+--dry-run::
+	Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are
+	to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left
+	uncommitted and paths that are untracked.
+
+--status::
+	Include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the commit
+	message template when using an editor to prepare the commit
+	message.  Defaults to on, but can be used to override
+	configuration variable commit.status.
+
+--no-status::
+	Do not include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the
+	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
+	default commit message.
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+<file>...::
+	When files are given on the command line, the command
+	commits the contents of the named files, without
+	recording the changes already staged.  The contents of
+	these files are also staged for the next commit on top
+	of what have been staged before.
+
+:git-commit: 1
+include::date-formats.txt[]
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
+your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
+called the "index" with 'git add'.  A file can be
+reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
+to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`,
+which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to
+this file from participating in the next commit.  After building
+the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
+`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
+has been staged so far.  This is the most basic form of the
+command.  An example:
+
+------------
+$ edit hello.c
+$ git rm goodbye.c
+$ git add hello.c
+$ git commit
+------------
+
+Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
+tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose
+contents are tracked in
+your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm`
+for you.  That is, this example does the same as the earlier
+example if there is no other change in your working tree:
+
+------------
+$ edit hello.c
+$ rm goodbye.c
+$ git commit -a
+------------
+
+The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree,
+notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c,
+and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you.
+
+After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the
+changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`.
+When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that
+only records the changes made to the named paths:
+
+------------
+$ edit hello.c hello.h
+$ git add hello.c hello.h
+$ edit Makefile
+$ git commit Makefile
+------------
+
+This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`.
+The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included
+in the resulting commit.  However, their changes are not lost --
+they are still staged and merely held back.  After the above
+sequence, if you do:
+
+------------
+$ git commit
+------------
+
+this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
+`hello.h` as expected.
+
+After a merge (initiated by 'git merge' or 'git pull') stops
+because of conflicts, cleanly merged
+paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
+conflicted are left in unmerged state.  You would have to first
+check which paths are conflicting with 'git status'
+and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
+stage the result as usual with 'git add':
+
+------------
+$ git status | grep unmerged
+unmerged: hello.c
+$ edit hello.c
+$ git add hello.c
+------------
+
+After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u`
+would stop mentioning the conflicted path.  When you are done,
+run `git commit` to finally record the merge:
+
+------------
+$ git commit
+------------
+
+As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a`
+option to save typing.  One difference is that during a merge
+resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to
+alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
+should be recorded as a single commit.  In fact, the command
+refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
+with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
+change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
+Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
+on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
+
+include::i18n.txt[]
+
+ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+---------------------------------------
+The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
+GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
+VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
+order).  See linkgit:git-var[1] for details.
+
+HOOKS
+-----
+This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`,
+and `post-commit` hooks.  See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
+information.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-add[1],
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-mv[1],
+linkgit:git-merge[1],
+linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..543dd64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+git-config(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-config - Get and set repository or global options
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --add name value
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --replace-all name value [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
+'git config' [<file-option>] --remove-section name
+'git config' [<file-option>] [-z|--null] -l | --list
+'git config' [<file-option>] --get-color name [default]
+'git config' [<file-option>] --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]
+'git config' [<file-option>] -e | --edit
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+You can query/set/replace/unset options with this command. The name is
+actually the section and the key separated by a dot, and the value will be
+escaped.
+
+Multiple lines can be added to an option by using the '--add' option.
+If you want to update or unset an option which can occur on multiple
+lines, a POSIX regexp `value_regex` needs to be given.  Only the
+existing values that match the regexp are updated or unset.  If
+you want to handle the lines that do *not* match the regex, just
+prepend a single exclamation mark in front (see also <<EXAMPLES>>).
+
+The type specifier can be either '--int' or '--bool', to make
+'git config' ensure that the variable(s) are of the given type and
+convert the value to the canonical form (simple decimal number for int,
+a "true" or "false" string for bool), or '--path', which does some
+path expansion (see '--path' below).  If no type specifier is passed, no
+checks or transformations are performed on the value.
+
+The file-option can be one of '--system', '--global' or '--file'
+which specify where the values will be read from or written to.
+The default is to assume the config file of the current repository,
+.git/config unless defined otherwise with GIT_DIR and GIT_CONFIG
+(see <<FILES>>).
+
+This command will fail if:
+
+. The config file is invalid,
+. Can not write to the config file,
+. no section was provided,
+. the section or key is invalid,
+. you try to unset an option which does not exist,
+. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match, or
+. you use '--global' option without $HOME being properly set.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--replace-all::
+	Default behavior is to replace at most one line. This replaces
+	all lines matching the key (and optionally the value_regex).
+
+--add::
+	Adds a new line to the option without altering any existing
+	values.  This is the same as providing '^$' as the value_regex
+	in `--replace-all`.
+
+--get::
+	Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex
+	matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not
+	found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found.
+
+--get-all::
+	Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key
+	is not exactly one.
+
+--get-regexp::
+	Like --get-all, but interprets the name as a regular expression.
+	Also outputs the key names.
+
+--global::
+	For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than
+	the repository .git/config.
++
+For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig rather than
+from all available files.
++
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
+--system::
+	For writing options: write to system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
+	rather than the repository .git/config.
++
+For reading options: read only from system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
+rather than from all available files.
++
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
+-f config-file::
+--file config-file::
+	Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG.
+
+--remove-section::
+	Remove the given section from the configuration file.
+
+--rename-section::
+	Rename the given section to a new name.
+
+--unset::
+	Remove the line matching the key from config file.
+
+--unset-all::
+	Remove all lines matching the key from config file.
+
+-l::
+--list::
+	List all variables set in config file.
+
+--bool::
+	'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false"
+
+--int::
+	'git config' will ensure that the output is a simple
+	decimal number.  An optional value suffix of 'k', 'm', or 'g'
+	in the config file will cause the value to be multiplied
+	by 1024, 1048576, or 1073741824 prior to output.
+
+--bool-or-int::
+	'git config' will ensure that the output matches the format of
+	either --bool or --int, as described above.
+
+--path::
+	'git-config' will expand leading '{tilde}' to the value of
+	'$HOME', and '{tilde}user' to the home directory for the
+	specified user.  This option has no effect when setting the
+	value (but you can use 'git config bla {tilde}/' from the
+	command line to let your shell do the expansion).
+
+-z::
+--null::
+	For all options that output values and/or keys, always
+	end values with the null character (instead of a
+	newline). Use newline instead as a delimiter between
+	key and value. This allows for secure parsing of the
+	output without getting confused e.g. by values that
+	contain line breaks.
+
+--get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]::
+
+	Find the color setting for `name` (e.g. `color.diff`) and output
+	"true" or "false".  `stdout-is-tty` should be either "true" or
+	"false", and is taken into account when configuration says
+	"auto".  If `stdout-is-tty` is missing, then checks the standard
+	output of the command itself, and exits with status 0 if color
+	is to be used, or exits with status 1 otherwise.
+	When the color setting for `name` is undefined, the command uses
+	`color.ui` as fallback.
+
+--get-color name [default]::
+
+	Find the color configured for `name` (e.g. `color.diff.new`) and
+	output it as the ANSI color escape sequence to the standard
+	output.  The optional `default` parameter is used instead, if
+	there is no color configured for `name`.
+
+-e::
+--edit::
+	Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either
+	'--system', '--global', or repository (default).
+
+[[FILES]]
+FILES
+-----
+
+If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where
+'git config' will search for configuration options:
+
+$GIT_DIR/config::
+	Repository specific configuration file. (The filename is
+	of course relative to the repository root, not the working
+	directory.)
+
+~/.gitconfig::
+	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
+	configuration file.
+
+$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
+	System-wide configuration file.
+
+If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
+files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
+file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration
+file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero
+error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued.
+
+All writing options will per default write to the repository specific
+configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all'
+and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
+
+You can override these rules either by command line options or by environment
+variables. The '--global' and the '--system' options will limit the file used
+to the global or system-wide file respectively. The GIT_CONFIG environment
+variable has a similar effect, but you can specify any filename you want.
+
+
+ENVIRONMENT
+-----------
+
+GIT_CONFIG::
+	Take the configuration from the given file instead of .git/config.
+	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
+	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
+
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
+
+[[EXAMPLES]]
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Given a .git/config like this:
+
+	#
+	# This is the config file, and
+	# a '#' or ';' character indicates
+	# a comment
+	#
+
+	; core variables
+	[core]
+		; Don't trust file modes
+		filemode = false
+
+	; Our diff algorithm
+	[diff]
+		external = /usr/local/bin/diff-wrapper
+		renames = true
+
+	; Proxy settings
+	[core]
+		gitproxy="proxy-command" for kernel.org
+		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
+
+you can set the filemode to true with
+
+------------
+% git config core.filemode true
+------------
+
+The hypothetical proxy command entries actually have a postfix to discern
+what URL they apply to. Here is how to change the entry for kernel.org
+to "ssh".
+
+------------
+% git config core.gitproxy '"ssh" for kernel.org' 'for kernel.org$'
+------------
+
+This makes sure that only the key/value pair for kernel.org is replaced.
+
+To delete the entry for renames, do
+
+------------
+% git config --unset diff.renames
+------------
+
+If you want to delete an entry for a multivar (like core.gitproxy above),
+you have to provide a regex matching the value of exactly one line.
+
+To query the value for a given key, do
+
+------------
+% git config --get core.filemode
+------------
+
+or
+
+------------
+% git config core.filemode
+------------
+
+or, to query a multivar:
+
+------------
+% git config --get core.gitproxy "for kernel.org$"
+------------
+
+If you want to know all the values for a multivar, do:
+
+------------
+% git config --get-all core.gitproxy
+------------
+
+If you like to live dangerously, you can replace *all* core.gitproxy by a
+new one with
+
+------------
+% git config --replace-all core.gitproxy ssh
+------------
+
+However, if you really only want to replace the line for the default proxy,
+i.e. the one without a "for ..." postfix, do something like this:
+
+------------
+% git config core.gitproxy ssh '! for '
+------------
+
+To actually match only values with an exclamation mark, you have to
+
+------------
+% git config section.key value '[!]'
+------------
+
+To add a new proxy, without altering any of the existing ones, use
+
+------------
+% git config core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
+------------
+
+An example to use customized color from the configuration in your
+script:
+
+------------
+#!/bin/sh
+WS=$(git config --get-color color.diff.whitespace "blue reverse")
+RESET=$(git config --get-color "" "reset")
+echo "${WS}your whitespace color or blue reverse${RESET}"
+------------
+
+include::config.txt[]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Johannes Schindelin, Petr Baudis and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bc1c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+git-count-objects(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-count-objects - Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git count-objects' [-v]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This counts the number of unpacked object files and disk space consumed by
+them, to help you decide when it is a good time to repack.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	In addition to the number of loose objects and disk
+	space consumed, it reports the number of in-pack
+	objects, number of packs, disk space consumed by those packs,
+	and number of objects that can be removed by running
+	`git prune-packed`.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2696ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+git-cvsexportcommit(1)
+======================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-cvsexportcommit - Export a single commit to a CVS checkout
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git cvsexportcommit' [-h] [-u] [-v] [-c] [-P] [-p] [-a] [-d cvsroot]
+	[-w cvsworkdir] [-W] [-f] [-m msgprefix] [PARENTCOMMIT] COMMITID
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier
+to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.
+
+Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it
+from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must
+be defined. See examples below.
+
+It does its best to do the safe thing, it will check that the files are
+unchanged and up to date in the CVS checkout, and it will not autocommit
+by default.
+
+Supports file additions, removals, and commits that affect binary files.
+
+If the commit is a merge commit, you must tell 'git cvsexportcommit' what
+parent the changeset should be done against.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-c::
+	Commit automatically if the patch applied cleanly. It will not
+	commit if any hunks fail to apply or there were other problems.
+
+-p::
+	Be pedantic (paranoid) when applying patches. Invokes patch with
+	--fuzz=0
+
+-a::
+	Add authorship information. Adds Author line, and Committer (if
+	different from Author) to the message.
+
+-d::
+	Set an alternative CVSROOT to use.  This corresponds to the CVS
+	-d parameter.  Usually users will not want to set this, except
+	if using CVS in an asymmetric fashion.
+
+-f::
+	Force the merge even if the files are not up to date.
+
+-P::
+	Force the parent commit, even if it is not a direct parent.
+
+-m::
+	Prepend the commit message with the provided prefix.
+	Useful for patch series and the like.
+
+-u::
+	Update affected files from CVS repository before attempting export.
+
+-k::
+	Reverse CVS keyword expansion (e.g. $Revision: 1.2.3.4$
+	becomes $Revision$) in working CVS checkout before applying patch.
+
+-w::
+	Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This
+	option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the
+	current directory is within a git repository.  The default is the
+	value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'.
+
+-W::
+	Tell cvsexportcommit that the current working directory is not only
+	a Git checkout, but also the CVS checkout.  Therefore, Git will
+	reset the working directory to the parent commit before proceeding.
+
+-v::
+	Verbose.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+cvsexportcommit.cvsdir::
+	The default location of the CVS checkout to use for the export.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Merge one patch into CVS::
++
+------------
+$ export GIT_DIR=~/project/.git
+$ cd ~/project_cvs_checkout
+$ git cvsexportcommit -v <commit-sha1>
+$ cvs commit -F .msg <files>
+------------
+
+Merge one patch into CVS (-c and -w options). The working directory is within the Git Repo::
++
+------------
+	$ git cvsexportcommit -v -c -w ~/project_cvs_checkout <commit-sha1>
+------------
+
+Merge pending patches into CVS automatically -- only if you really know what you are doing::
++
+------------
+$ export GIT_DIR=~/project/.git
+$ cd ~/project_cvs_checkout
+$ git cherry cvshead myhead | sed -n 's/^+ //p' | xargs -l1 git cvsexportcommit -c -p -v
+------------
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz> and others.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz> and others.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddfcb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+git-cvsimport(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-cvsimport - Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git cvsimport' [-o <branch-for-HEAD>] [-h] [-v] [-d <CVSROOT>]
+	      [-A <author-conv-file>] [-p <options-for-cvsps>] [-P <file>]
+	      [-C <git_repository>] [-z <fuzz>] [-i] [-k] [-u] [-s <subst>]
+	      [-a] [-m] [-M <regex>] [-S <regex>] [-L <commitlimit>]
+	      [-r <remote>] [<CVS_module>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new
+repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
+
+Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'.
+At least version 2.1 is required.
+
+*WARNING:* for certain situations the import leads to incorrect results.
+Please see the section <<issues,ISSUES>> for further reference.
+
+You should *never* do any work of your own on the branches that are
+created by 'git cvsimport'.  By default initial import will create and populate a
+"master" branch from the CVS repository's main branch which you're free
+to work with; after that, you need to 'git merge' incremental imports, or
+any CVS branches, yourself.  It is advisable to specify a named remote via
+-r to separate and protect the incoming branches.
+
+If you intend to set up a shared public repository that all developers can
+read/write, or if you want to use linkgit:git-cvsserver[1], then you
+probably want to make a bare clone of the imported repository,
+and use the clone as the shared repository.
+See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-v::
+	Verbosity: let 'cvsimport' report what it is doing.
+
+-d <CVSROOT>::
+	The root of the CVS archive. May be local (a simple path) or remote;
+	currently, only the :local:, :ext: and :pserver: access methods
+	are supported. If not given, 'git cvsimport' will try to read it
+	from `CVS/Root`. If no such file exists, it checks for the
+	`CVSROOT` environment variable.
+
+<CVS_module>::
+	The CVS module you want to import. Relative to <CVSROOT>.
+	If not given, 'git cvsimport' tries to read it from
+	`CVS/Repository`.
+
+-C <target-dir>::
+        The git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+        exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
+
+-r <remote>::
+	The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
+	Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
+	akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
+
+-o <branch-for-HEAD>::
+	When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
+	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
+	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
+	When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
+	remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
+	Use this option if you want to import into a different
+	branch.
++
+Use '-o master' for continuing an import that was initially done by
+the old cvs2git tool.
+
+-i::
+	Import-only: don't perform a checkout after importing.  This option
+	ensures the working directory and index remain untouched and will
+	not create them if they do not exist.
+
+-k::
+	Kill keywords: will extract files with '-kk' from the CVS archive
+	to avoid noisy changesets. Highly recommended, but off by default
+	to preserve compatibility with early imported trees.
+
+-u::
+	Convert underscores in tag and branch names to dots.
+
+-s <subst>::
+	Substitute the character "/" in branch names with <subst>
+
+-p <options-for-cvsps>::
+	Additional options for cvsps.
+	The options '-u' and '-A' are implicit and should not be used here.
++
+If you need to pass multiple options, separate them with a comma.
+
+-z <fuzz>::
+	Pass the timestamp fuzz factor to cvsps, in seconds. If unset,
+	cvsps defaults to 300s.
+
+-P <cvsps-output-file>::
+	Instead of calling cvsps, read the provided cvsps output file. Useful
+	for debugging or when cvsps is being handled outside cvsimport.
+
+-m::
+	Attempt to detect merges based on the commit message. This option
+	will enable default regexes that try to capture the source
+	branch name from the commit message.
+
+-M <regex>::
+	Attempt to detect merges based on the commit message with a custom
+	regex. It can be used with '-m' to enable the default regexes
+	as well. You must escape forward slashes.
++
+The regex must capture the source branch name in $1.
++
+This option can be used several times to provide several detection regexes.
+
+-S <regex>::
+	Skip paths matching the regex.
+
+-a::
+	Import all commits, including recent ones. cvsimport by default
+	skips commits that have a timestamp less than 10 minutes ago.
+
+-L <limit>::
+	Limit the number of commits imported. Workaround for cases where
+	cvsimport leaks memory.
+
+-A <author-conv-file>::
+	CVS by default uses the Unix username when writing its
+	commit logs. Using this option and an author-conv-file
+	in this format
++
+---------
+	exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>
+	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org>
+
+---------
++
+'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
+their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly
+all along.
++
+For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors`
+each time the '-A' option is provided and read from that same
+file each time 'git cvsimport' is run.
++
+It is not recommended to use this feature if you intend to
+export changes back to CVS again later with
+'git cvsexportcommit'.
+
+-h::
+	Print a short usage message and exit.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+If '-v' is specified, the script reports what it is doing.
+
+Otherwise, success is indicated the Unix way, i.e. by simply exiting with
+a zero exit status.
+
+[[issues]]
+ISSUES
+------
+Problems related to timestamps:
+
+ * If timestamps of commits in the cvs repository are not stable enough
+   to be used for ordering commits changes may show up in the wrong
+   order.
+ * If any files were ever "cvs import"ed more than once (e.g., import of
+   more than one vendor release) the HEAD contains the wrong content.
+ * If the timestamp order of different files cross the revision order
+   within the commit matching time window the order of commits may be
+   wrong.
+
+Problems related to branches:
+
+ * Branches on which no commits have been made are not imported.
+ * All files from the branching point are added to a branch even if
+   never added in cvs.
+ * This applies to files added to the source branch *after* a daughter
+   branch was created: if previously no commit was made on the daughter
+   branch they will erroneously be added to the daughter branch in git.
+
+Problems related to tags:
+
+* Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported.
+
+If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you
+want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be
+more stable in practice:
+
+* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org`
+* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs`
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>, with help from
+various participants of the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbb053e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+git-cvsserver(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+
+SSH:
+
+[verse]
+export CVS_SERVER="git cvsserver"
+'cvs' -d :ext:user@server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name>
+
+pserver (/etc/inetd.conf):
+
+[verse]
+cvspserver stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git-cvsserver git-cvsserver pserver
+
+Usage:
+
+[verse]
+'git-cvsserver' [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+All these options obviously only make sense if enforced by the server side.
+They have been implemented to resemble the linkgit:git-daemon[1] options as
+closely as possible.
+
+--base-path <path>::
+Prepend 'path' to requested CVSROOT
+
+--strict-paths::
+Don't allow recursing into subdirectories
+
+--export-all::
+Don't check for `gitcvs.enabled` in config. You also have to specify a list
+of allowed directories (see below) if you want to use this option.
+
+-V::
+--version::
+Print version information and exit
+
+-h::
+-H::
+--help::
+Print usage information and exit
+
+<directory>::
+You can specify a list of allowed directories. If no directories
+are given, all are allowed. This is an additional restriction, gitcvs
+access still needs to be enabled by the `gitcvs.enabled` config option
+unless '--export-all' was given, too.
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+
+It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
+and for those methods that are implemented,
+not all switches are implemented.
+
+Testing has been done using both the CLI CVS client, and the Eclipse CVS
+plugin. Most functionality works fine with both of these clients.
+
+LIMITATIONS
+-----------
+
+Currently cvsserver works over SSH connections for read/write clients, and
+over pserver for anonymous CVS access.
+
+CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.
+
+'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different
+from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent
+one or more directories.
+
+INSTALLATION
+------------
+
+1. If you are going to offer anonymous CVS access via pserver, add a line in
+   /etc/inetd.conf like
++
+--
+------
+   cvspserver stream tcp nowait nobody git-cvsserver pserver
+
+------
+Note: Some inetd servers let you specify the name of the executable
+independently of the value of argv[0] (i.e. the name the program assumes
+it was executed with). In this case the correct line in /etc/inetd.conf
+looks like
+
+------
+   cvspserver stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git-cvsserver git-cvsserver pserver
+
+------
+No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools
+in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER
+environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`.
+
+Note: Newer CVS versions (>= 1.12.11) also support specifying
+CVS_SERVER directly in CVSROOT like
+
+------
+cvs -d ":ext;CVS_SERVER=git cvsserver:user@server/path/repo.git" co <HEAD_name>
+------
+This has the advantage that it will be saved in your 'CVS/Root' files and
+you don't need to worry about always setting the correct environment
+variable.  SSH users restricted to 'git-shell' don't need to override the default
+with CVS_SERVER (and shouldn't) as 'git-shell' understands `cvs` to mean
+'git-cvsserver' and pretends that the other end runs the real 'cvs' better.
+--
+2. For each repo that you want accessible from CVS you need to edit config in
+   the repo and add the following section.
++
+--
+------
+   [gitcvs]
+        enabled=1
+        # optional for debugging
+        logfile=/path/to/logfile
+
+------
+Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has
+write access to the log file and to the database (see
+<<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over
+SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.
+
+You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index
+file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+[[configaccessmethod]]
+All configuration variables can also be overridden for a specific method of
+access. Valid method names are "ext" (for SSH access) and "pserver". The
+following example configuration would disable pserver access while still
+allowing access over SSH.
+------
+   [gitcvs]
+        enabled=0
+
+   [gitcvs "ext"]
+        enabled=1
+------
+--
+3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command,
+   automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them
+   explicitly in your environment.  CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the
+   directory should point at the appropriate git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
+   _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'.
++
+--
+------
+     export CVSROOT=:ext:user@server:/var/git/project.git
+     export CVS_SERVER="git cvsserver"
+------
+--
+4. For SSH clients that will make commits, make sure their server-side
+   .ssh/environment files (or .bashrc, etc., according to their specific shell)
+   export appropriate values for GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL,
+   GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, and GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL.  For SSH clients whose login
+   shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative.
+
+5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module'
+   name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
+   name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with
+   `-d <dir_name>`.  For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the
+   `project-master` directory:
++
+------
+     cvs co -d project-master master
+------
+
+[[dbbackend]]
+Database Backend
+----------------
+
+'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
+store information about the repository to maintain consistent
+CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
+updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
+
+If the commit is done directly by using `git` (as opposed to
+using 'git-cvsserver') the update will need to happen on the
+next repository access by 'git-cvsserver', independent of
+access method and requested operation.
+
+That means that even if you offer only read access (e.g. by using
+the pserver method), 'git-cvsserver' should have write access to
+the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure
+that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed).
+
+By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named
+`gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates
+temporary files in the same directory as the database file on
+write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
+'git-cvsserver' write access to the database file without granting
+them write access to the directory, too.
+
+The database can not be reliably regenerated in a
+consistent form after the branch it is tracking has changed.
+Example: For merged branches, 'git-cvsserver' only tracks
+one branch of development, and after a 'git merge' an
+incrementally updated database may track a different branch
+than a database regenerated from scratch, causing inconsistent
+CVS revision numbers. `git-cvsserver` has no way of knowing which
+branch it would have picked if it had been run incrementally
+pre-merge. So if you have to fully or partially (from old
+backup) regenerate the database, you should be suspicious
+of pre-existing CVS sandboxes.
+
+You can configure the database backend with the following
+configuration variables:
+
+Configuring database backend
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+'git-cvsserver' uses the Perl DBI module. Please also read
+its documentation if changing these variables, especially
+about `DBI->connect()`.
+
+gitcvs.dbname::
+	Database name. The exact meaning depends on the
+	selected database driver, for SQLite this is a filename.
+	Supports variable substitution (see below). May
+	not contain semicolons (`;`).
+	Default: '%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite'
+
+gitcvs.dbdriver::
+	Used DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
+	for this here, but it might not work. cvsserver is tested
+	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with
+	'DBD::Pg', and reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'.
+	Please regard this as an experimental feature. May not
+	contain colons (`:`).
+	Default: 'SQLite'
+
+gitcvs.dbuser::
+	Database user. Only useful if setting `dbdriver`, since
+	SQLite has no concept of database users. Supports variable
+	substitution (see below).
+
+gitcvs.dbpass::
+	Database password.  Only useful if setting `dbdriver`, since
+	SQLite has no concept of database passwords.
+
+gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
+	Database table name prefix.  Supports variable substitution
+	(see below).  Any non-alphabetic characters will be replaced
+	with underscores.
+
+All variables can also be set per access method, see <<configaccessmethod,above>>.
+
+Variable substitution
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
+
+%G::
+	git directory name
+%g::
+	git directory name, where all characters except for
+	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
+	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
+	name in a filename if wanted)
+%m::
+	CVS module/git head name
+%a::
+	access method (one of "ext" or "pserver")
+%u::
+	Name of the user running 'git-cvsserver'.
+	If no name can be determined, the
+	numeric uid is used.
+
+ENVIRONMENT
+-----------
+
+These variables obviate the need for command-line options in some
+circumstances, allowing easier restricted usage through git-shell.
+
+GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH takes the place of the argument to --base-path.
+
+GIT_CVSSERVER_ROOT specifies a single-directory whitelist. The
+repository must still be configured to allow access through
+git-cvsserver, as described above.
+
+When these environment variables are set, the corresponding
+command-line arguments may not be used.
+
+Eclipse CVS Client Notes
+------------------------
+
+To get a checkout with the Eclipse CVS client:
+
+1. Select "Create a new project -> From CVS checkout"
+2. Create a new location. See the notes below for details on how to choose the
+   right protocol.
+3. Browse the 'modules' available. It will give you a list of the heads in
+   the repository. You will not be able to browse the tree from there. Only
+   the heads.
+4. Pick 'HEAD' when it asks what branch/tag to check out. Untick the
+   "launch commit wizard" to avoid committing the .project file.
+
+Protocol notes: If you are using anonymous access via pserver, just select that.
+Those using SSH access should choose the 'ext' protocol, and configure 'ext'
+access on the Preferences->Team->CVS->ExtConnection pane. Set CVS_SERVER to
+"`git cvsserver`". Note that password support is not good when using 'ext',
+you will definitely want to have SSH keys setup.
+
+Alternatively, you can just use the non-standard extssh protocol that Eclipse
+offer. In that case CVS_SERVER is ignored, and you will have to replace
+the cvs utility on the server with 'git-cvsserver' or manipulate your `.bashrc`
+so that calling 'cvs' effectively calls 'git-cvsserver'.
+
+Clients known to work
+---------------------
+
+- CVS 1.12.9 on Debian
+- CVS 1.11.17 on MacOSX (from Fink package)
+- Eclipse 3.0, 3.1.2 on MacOSX (see Eclipse CVS Client Notes)
+- TortoiseCVS
+
+Operations supported
+--------------------
+
+All the operations required for normal use are supported, including
+checkout, diff, status, update, log, add, remove, commit.
+Legacy monitoring operations are not supported (edit, watch and related).
+Exports and tagging (tags and branches) are not supported at this stage.
+
+CRLF Line Ending Conversions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By default the server leaves the '-k' mode blank for all files,
+which causes the cvs client to treat them as a text files, subject
+to crlf conversion on some platforms.
+
+You can make the server use `crlf` attributes to set the '-k' modes
+for files by setting the `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` config variable.
+In this case, if `crlf` is explicitly unset ('-crlf'), then the
+server will set '-kb' mode for binary files. If `crlf` is set,
+then the '-k' mode will explicitly be left blank.  See
+also linkgit:gitattributes[5] for more information about the `crlf`
+attribute.
+
+Alternatively, if `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` config is not enabled
+or if the `crlf` attribute is unspecified for a filename, then
+the server uses the `gitcvs.allbinary` config for the default setting.
+If `gitcvs.allbinary` is set, then file not otherwise
+specified will default to '-kb' mode. Otherwise the '-k' mode
+is left blank. But if `gitcvs.allbinary` is set to "guess", then
+the correct '-k' mode will be guessed based on the contents of
+the file.
+
+For best consistency with 'cvs', it is probably best to override the
+defaults by setting `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` to true,
+and `gitcvs.allbinary` to "guess".
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+'git-cvsserver' depends on DBD::SQLite.
+
+Copyright and Authors
+---------------------
+
+This program is copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
+
+Authors:
+
+- Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
+- Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+
+with ideas and patches from participants of the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Martyn Smith <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>, Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>, and Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c9f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+git-daemon(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git daemon' [--verbose] [--syslog] [--export-all]
+	     [--timeout=n] [--init-timeout=n] [--max-connections=n]
+	     [--strict-paths] [--base-path=path] [--base-path-relaxed]
+	     [--user-path | --user-path=path]
+	     [--interpolated-path=pathtemplate]
+	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=file]
+	     [--enable=service] [--disable=service]
+	     [--allow-override=service] [--forbid-override=service]
+	     [--inetd | [--listen=host_or_ipaddr] [--port=n] [--user=user [--group=group]]
+	     [directory...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
+aka 9418.  It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve
+that service if it is enabled.
+
+It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
+it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
+for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
+pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
+the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
+
+By default, only `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
+'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients, which are invoked
+from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
+
+This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
+git repositories.
+
+An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--strict-paths::
+	Match paths exactly (i.e. don't allow "/foo/repo" when the real path is
+	"/foo/repo.git" or "/foo/repo/.git") and don't do user-relative paths.
+	'git daemon' will refuse to start when this option is enabled and no
+	whitelist is specified.
+
+--base-path=path::
+	Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
+	This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
+	'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
+	'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
+	as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
+
+--base-path-relaxed::
+	If --base-path is enabled and repo lookup fails, with this option
+	'git daemon' will attempt to lookup without prefixing the base path.
+	This is useful for switching to --base-path usage, while still
+	allowing the old paths.
+
+--interpolated-path=pathtemplate::
+	To support virtual hosting, an interpolated path template can be
+	used to dynamically construct alternate paths.  The template
+	supports %H for the target hostname as supplied by the client but
+	converted to all lowercase, %CH for the canonical hostname,
+	%IP for the server's IP address, %P for the port number,
+	and %D for the absolute path of the named repository.
+	After interpolation, the path is validated against the directory
+	whitelist.
+
+--export-all::
+	Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories
+	(have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they
+	do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
+
+--inetd::
+	Have the server run as an inetd service. Implies --syslog.
+	Incompatible with --port, --listen, --user and --group options.
+
+--listen=host_or_ipaddr::
+	Listen on a specific IP address or hostname.  IP addresses can
+	be either an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address if supported.  If IPv6
+	is not supported, then --listen=hostname is also not supported and
+	--listen must be given an IPv4 address.
+	Incompatible with '--inetd' option.
+
+--port=n::
+	Listen on an alternative port.  Incompatible with '--inetd' option.
+
+--init-timeout=n::
+	Timeout between the moment the connection is established and the
+	client request is received (typically a rather low value, since
+	that should be basically immediate).
+
+--timeout=n::
+	Timeout for specific client sub-requests. This includes the time
+	it takes for the server to process the sub-request and the time spent
+	waiting for the next client's request.
+
+--max-connections=n::
+	Maximum number of concurrent clients, defaults to 32.  Set it to
+	zero for no limit.
+
+--syslog::
+	Log to syslog instead of stderr. Note that this option does not imply
+	--verbose, thus by default only error conditions will be logged.
+
+--user-path::
+--user-path=path::
+	Allow {tilde}user notation to be used in requests.  When
+	specified with no parameter, requests to
+	git://host/{tilde}alice/foo is taken as a request to access
+	'foo' repository in the home directory of user `alice`.
+	If `--user-path=path` is specified, the same request is
+	taken as a request to access `path/foo` repository in
+	the home directory of user `alice`.
+
+--verbose::
+	Log details about the incoming connections and requested files.
+
+--reuseaddr::
+	Use SO_REUSEADDR when binding the listening socket.
+	This allows the server to restart without waiting for
+	old connections to time out.
+
+--detach::
+	Detach from the shell. Implies --syslog.
+
+--pid-file=file::
+	Save the process id in 'file'.  Ignored when the daemon
+	is run under `--inetd`.
+
+--user=user::
+--group=group::
+	Change daemon's uid and gid before entering the service loop.
+	When only `--user` is given without `--group`, the
+	primary group ID for the user is used.  The values of
+	the option are given to `getpwnam(3)` and `getgrnam(3)`
+	and numeric IDs are not supported.
++
+Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
+the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
+'git daemon' if needed.
+
+--enable=service::
+--disable=service::
+	Enable/disable the service site-wide per default.  Note
+	that a service disabled site-wide can still be enabled
+	per repository if it is marked overridable and the
+	repository enables the service with a configuration
+	item.
+
+--allow-override=service::
+--forbid-override=service::
+	Allow/forbid overriding the site-wide default with per
+	repository configuration.  By default, all the services
+	are overridable.
+
+<directory>::
+	A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless
+	--strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories
+	of each named directory.
+
+SERVICES
+--------
+
+These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the
+command line options of this command.  If a finer-grained
+control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git archive' to be run
+against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves),
+the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or
+disable them.
+
+upload-pack::
+	This serves 'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote'
+	clients.  It is enabled by default, but a repository can
+	disable it by setting `daemon.uploadpack` configuration
+	item to `false`.
+
+upload-archive::
+	This serves 'git archive --remote'.  It is disabled by
+	default, but a repository can enable it by setting
+	`daemon.uploadarch` configuration item to `true`.
+
+receive-pack::
+	This serves 'git send-pack' clients, allowing anonymous
+	push.  It is disabled by default, as there is _no_
+	authentication in the protocol (in other words, anybody
+	can push anything into the repository, including removal
+	of refs).  This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting
+	where everybody is friendly.  This service can be
+	enabled by `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
+	`true`.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+We assume the following in /etc/services::
++
+------------
+$ grep 9418 /etc/services
+git		9418/tcp		# Git Version Control System
+------------
+
+'git daemon' as inetd server::
+	To set up 'git daemon' as an inetd service that handles any
+	repository under the whitelisted set of directories, /pub/foo
+	and /pub/bar, place an entry like the following into
+	/etc/inetd all on one line:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+	git stream tcp nowait nobody  /usr/bin/git
+		git daemon --inetd --verbose --export-all
+		/pub/foo /pub/bar
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+'git daemon' as inetd server for virtual hosts::
+	To set up 'git daemon' as an inetd service that handles
+	repositories for different virtual hosts, `www.example.com`
+	and `www.example.org`, place an entry like the following into
+	`/etc/inetd` all on one line:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+	git stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git
+		git daemon --inetd --verbose --export-all
+		--interpolated-path=/pub/%H%D
+		/pub/www.example.org/software
+		/pub/www.example.com/software
+		/software
+------------------------------------------------
++
+In this example, the root-level directory `/pub` will contain
+a subdirectory for each virtual host name supported.
+Further, both hosts advertise repositories simply as
+`git://www.example.com/software/repo.git`.  For pre-1.4.0
+clients, a symlink from `/software` into the appropriate
+default repository could be made as well.
+
+
+'git daemon' as regular daemon for virtual hosts::
+	To set up 'git daemon' as a regular, non-inetd service that
+	handles repositories for multiple virtual hosts based on
+	their IP addresses, start the daemon like this:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+	git daemon --verbose --export-all
+		--interpolated-path=/pub/%IP/%D
+		/pub/192.168.1.200/software
+		/pub/10.10.220.23/software
+------------------------------------------------
++
+In this example, the root-level directory `/pub` will contain
+a subdirectory for each virtual host IP address supported.
+Repositories can still be accessed by hostname though, assuming
+they correspond to these IP addresses.
+
+selectively enable/disable services per repository::
+	To enable 'git archive --remote' and disable 'git fetch' against
+	a repository, have the following in the configuration file in the
+	repository (that is the file 'config' next to 'HEAD', 'refs' and
+	'objects').
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+	[daemon]
+		uploadpack = false
+		uploadarch = true
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+ENVIRONMENT
+-----------
+'git daemon' will set REMOTE_ADDR to the IP address of the client
+that connected to it, if the IP address is available. REMOTE_ADDR will
+be available in the environment of hooks called when
+services are performed.
+
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>, YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
+<yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fc5323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+git-describe(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+The command finds the most recent tag that is reachable from a
+commit.  If the tag points to the commit, then only the tag is
+shown.  Otherwise, it suffixes the tag name with the number of
+additional commits on top of the tagged object and the
+abbreviated object name of the most recent commit.
+
+By default (without --all or --tags) `git describe` only shows
+annotated tags.  For more information about creating annotated tags
+see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1].
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<committish>...::
+	Committish object names to describe.
+
+--dirty[=<mark>]::
+	Describe the working tree.
+	It means describe HEAD and appends <mark> (`-dirty` by
+	default) if the working tree is dirty.
+
+--all::
+	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref
+	found in `.git/refs/`.  This option enables matching
+	any known branch, remote branch, or lightweight tag.
+
+--tags::
+	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any tag
+	found in `.git/refs/tags`.  This option enables matching
+	a lightweight (non-annotated) tag.
+
+--contains::
+	Instead of finding the tag that predates the commit, find
+	the tag that comes after the commit, and thus contains it.
+	Automatically implies --tags.
+
+--abbrev=<n>::
+	Instead of using the default 7 hexadecimal digits as the
+	abbreviated object name, use <n> digits, or as many digits
+	as needed to form a unique object name.  An <n> of 0
+	will suppress long format, only showing the closest tag.
+
+--candidates=<n>::
+	Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
+	candidates to describe the input committish consider
+	up to <n> candidates.  Increasing <n> above 10 will take
+	slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result.
+	An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output.
+
+--exact-match::
+	Only output exact matches (a tag directly references the
+	supplied commit).  This is a synonym for --candidates=0.
+
+--debug::
+	Verbosely display information about the searching strategy
+	being employed to standard error.  The tag name will still
+	be printed to standard out.
+
+--long::
+	Always output the long format (the tag, the number of commits
+	and the abbreviated commit name) even when it matches a tag.
+	This is useful when you want to see parts of the commit object name
+	in "describe" output, even when the commit in question happens to be
+	a tagged version.  Instead of just emitting the tag name, it will
+	describe such a commit as v1.2-0-gdeadbee (0th commit since tag v1.2
+	that points at object deadbee....).
+
+--match <pattern>::
+	Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
+	leaking private tags made from the repository).
+
+--always::
+	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+With something like git.git current tree, I get:
+
+	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe parent
+	v1.0.4-14-g2414721
+
+i.e. the current head of my "parent" branch is based on v1.0.4,
+but since it has a few commits on top of that,
+describe has added the number of additional commits ("14") and
+an abbreviated object name for the commit itself ("2414721")
+at the end.
+
+The number of additional commits is the number
+of commits which would be displayed by "git log v1.0.4..parent".
+The hash suffix is "-g" + 7-char abbreviation for the tip commit
+of parent (which was `2414721b194453f058079d897d13c4e377f92dc6`).
+
+Doing a 'git describe' on a tag-name will just show the tag name:
+
+	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe v1.0.4
+	v1.0.4
+
+With --all, the command can use branch heads as references, so
+the output shows the reference path as well:
+
+	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 v1.0.5^2
+	tags/v1.0.0-21-g975b
+
+	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 HEAD^
+	heads/lt/describe-7-g975b
+
+With --abbrev set to 0, the command can be used to find the
+closest tagname without any suffix:
+
+	[torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --abbrev=0 v1.0.5^2
+	tags/v1.0.0
+
+Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
+longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
+git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
+975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
+be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
+
+
+SEARCH STRATEGY
+---------------
+
+For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
+a tag which tags exactly that commit.  Annotated tags will always
+be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
+always be preferred over tags with older dates.  If an exact match
+is found, its name will be output and searching will stop.
+
+If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
+through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
+has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
+abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.
+
+If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
+has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
+selected and output.  Here fewest commits different is defined as
+the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
+will be the smallest number of commits possible.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>, but somewhat
+butchered by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.  Later significantly
+updated by Shawn Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-files.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-files.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cd8cce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-files.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+git-diff-files(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-diff-files - Compares files in the working tree and the index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git diff-files' [-q] [-0|-1|-2|-3|-c|--cc] [<common diff options>] [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Compares the files in the working tree and the index.  When paths
+are specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
+entries in the index are compared.  The output format is the
+same as for 'git diff-index' and 'git diff-tree'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+-1 --base::
+-2 --ours::
+-3 --theirs::
+-0::
+	Diff against the "base" version, "our branch" or "their
+	branch" respectively.  With these options, diffs for
+	merged entries are not shown.
++
+The default is to diff against our branch (-2) and the
+cleanly resolved paths.  The option -0 can be given to
+omit diff output for unmerged entries and just show "Unmerged".
+
+-c::
+--cc::
+	This compares stage 2 (our branch), stage 3 (their
+	branch) and the working tree file and outputs a combined
+	diff, similar to the way 'diff-tree' shows a merge
+	commit with these flags.
+
+-q::
+	Remain silent even on nonexistent files
+
+
+include::diff-format.txt[]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..162cb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+git-diff-index(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git diff-index' [-m] [--cached] [<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
+object with the content of the current index and, optionally
+ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
+specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
+entries in the index are compared.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+<tree-ish>::
+	The id of a tree object to diff against.
+
+--cached::
+	do not consider the on-disk file at all
+
+-m::
+	By default, files recorded in the index but not checked
+	out are reported as deleted.  This flag makes
+	'git diff-index' say that all non-checked-out files are up
+	to date.
+
+include::diff-format.txt[]
+
+Operating Modes
+---------------
+You can choose whether you want to trust the index file entirely
+(using the '--cached' flag) or ask the diff logic to show any files
+that don't match the stat state as being "tentatively changed".  Both
+of these operations are very useful indeed.
+
+Cached Mode
+-----------
+If '--cached' is specified, it allows you to ask:
+
+	show me the differences between HEAD and the current index
+	contents (the ones I'd write using 'git write-tree')
+
+For example, let's say that you have worked on your working directory, updated
+some files in the index and are ready to commit. You want to see exactly
+*what* you are going to commit, without having to write a new tree
+object and compare it that way, and to do that, you just do
+
+	git diff-index --cached HEAD
+
+Example: let's say I had renamed `commit.c` to `git-commit.c`, and I had
+done an `update-index` to make that effective in the index file.
+`git diff-files` wouldn't show anything at all, since the index file
+matches my working directory. But doing a 'git diff-index' does:
+
+  torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git diff-index --cached HEAD
+  -100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        commit.c
+  +100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        git-commit.c
+
+You can see easily that the above is a rename.
+
+In fact, `git diff-index --cached` *should* always be entirely equivalent to
+actually doing a 'git write-tree' and comparing that. Except this one is much
+nicer for the case where you just want to check where you are.
+
+So doing a `git diff-index --cached` is basically very useful when you are
+asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and
+what's the difference to a previous tree".
+
+Non-cached Mode
+---------------
+The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially
+the more useful of the two in that what it does can't be emulated with
+a 'git write-tree' + 'git diff-tree'. Thus that's the default mode.
+The non-cached version asks the question:
+
+  show me the differences between HEAD and the currently checked out
+  tree - index contents _and_ files that aren't up-to-date
+
+which is obviously a very useful question too, since that tells you what
+you *could* commit. Again, the output matches the 'git diff-tree -r'
+output to a tee, but with a twist.
+
+The twist is that if some file doesn't match the index, we don't have
+a backing store thing for it, and we use the magic "all-zero" sha1 to
+show that. So let's say that you have edited `kernel/sched.c`, but
+have not actually done a 'git update-index' on it yet - there is no
+"object" associated with the new state, and you get:
+
+  torvalds@ppc970:~/v2.6/linux> git diff-index HEAD
+  *100644->100664 blob    7476bb......->000000......      kernel/sched.c
+
+i.e., it shows that the tree has changed, and that `kernel/sched.c` has is
+not up-to-date and may contain new stuff. The all-zero sha1 means that to
+get the real diff, you need to look at the object in the working directory
+directly rather than do an object-to-object diff.
+
+NOTE: As with other commands of this type, 'git diff-index' does not
+actually look at the contents of the file at all. So maybe
+`kernel/sched.c` hasn't actually changed, and it's just that you
+touched it. In either case, it's a note that you need to
+'git update-index' it to make the index be in sync.
+
+NOTE: You can have a mixture of files show up as "has been updated"
+and "is still dirty in the working directory" together. You can always
+tell which file is in which state, since the "has been updated" ones
+show a valid sha1, and the "not in sync with the index" ones will
+always have the special all-zero sha1.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7e37b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+git-diff-tree(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-diff-tree - Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git diff-tree' [--stdin] [-m] [-s] [-v] [--no-commit-id] [--pretty]
+	      [-t] [-r] [-c | --cc] [--root] [<common diff options>]
+	      <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via two tree objects.
+
+If there is only one <tree-ish> given, the commit is compared with its parents
+(see --stdin below).
+
+Note that 'git diff-tree' can use the tree encapsulated in a commit object.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+<tree-ish>::
+	The id of a tree object.
+
+<path>...::
+	If provided, the results are limited to a subset of files
+	matching one of these prefix strings.
+	i.e., file matches `/^<pattern1>|<pattern2>|.../`
+	Note that this parameter does not provide any wildcard or regexp
+	features.
+
+-r::
+        recurse into sub-trees
+
+-t::
+	show tree entry itself as well as subtrees.  Implies -r.
+
+--root::
+	When '--root' is specified the initial commit will be shown as a big
+	creation event. This is equivalent to a diff against the NULL tree.
+
+--stdin::
+	When '--stdin' is specified, the command does not take
+	<tree-ish> arguments from the command line.  Instead, it
+	reads lines containing either two <tree>, one <commit>, or a
+	list of <commit> from its standard input.  (Use a single space
+	as separator.)
++
+When two trees are given, it compares the first tree with the second.
+When a single commit is given, it compares the commit with its
+parents.  The remaining commits, when given, are used as if they are
+parents of the first commit.
++
+When comparing two trees, the ID of both trees (separated by a space
+and terminated by a newline) is printed before the difference.  When
+comparing commits, the ID of the first (or only) commit, followed by a
+newline, is printed.
++
+The following flags further affect the behavior when comparing
+commits (but not trees).
+
+-m::
+	By default, 'git diff-tree --stdin' does not show
+	differences for merge commits.  With this flag, it shows
+	differences to that commit from all of its parents. See
+	also '-c'.
+
+-s::
+	By default, 'git diff-tree --stdin' shows differences,
+	either in machine-readable form (without '-p') or in patch
+	form (with '-p').  This output can be suppressed.  It is
+	only useful with '-v' flag.
+
+-v::
+	This flag causes 'git diff-tree --stdin' to also show
+	the commit message before the differences.
+
+include::pretty-options.txt[]
+
+--no-commit-id::
+	'git diff-tree' outputs a line with the commit ID when
+	applicable.  This flag suppressed the commit ID output.
+
+-c::
+	This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed
+	(which means it is useful only when the command is given
+	one <tree-ish>, or '--stdin').  It shows the differences
+	from each of the parents to the merge result simultaneously
+	instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent and the
+	result one at a time (which is what the '-m' option does).
+	Furthermore, it lists only files which were modified
+	from all parents.
+
+--cc::
+	This flag changes the way a merge commit patch is displayed,
+	in a similar way to the '-c' option. It implies the '-c'
+	and '-p' options and further compresses the patch output
+	by omitting uninteresting hunks whose the contents in the parents
+	have only two variants and the merge result picks one of them
+	without modification.  When all hunks are uninteresting, the commit
+	itself and the commit log message is not shown, just like in any other
+	"empty diff" case.
+
+--always::
+	Show the commit itself and the commit log message even
+	if the diff itself is empty.
+
+
+include::pretty-formats.txt[]
+
+
+Limiting Output
+---------------
+If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for
+example some architecture-specific files, you might do:
+
+	git diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> arch/ia64 include/asm-ia64
+
+and it will only show you what changed in those two directories.
+
+Or if you are searching for what changed in just `kernel/sched.c`, just do
+
+	git diff-tree -r <tree-ish> <tree-ish> kernel/sched.c
+
+and it will ignore all differences to other files.
+
+The pattern is always the prefix, and is matched exactly.  There are no
+wildcards.  Even stricter, it has to match a complete path component.
+I.e. "foo" does not pick up `foobar.h`.  "foo" does match `foo/bar.h`
+so it can be used to name subdirectories.
+
+An example of normal usage is:
+
+  torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git diff-tree 5319e4......
+  *100664->100664 blob    ac348b.......->a01513.......      git-fsck-objects.c
+
+which tells you that the last commit changed just one file (it's from
+this one:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+commit 3c6f7ca19ad4043e9e72fa94106f352897e651a8
+tree 5319e4d609cdd282069cc4dce33c1db559539b03
+parent b4e628ea30d5ab3606119d2ea5caeab141d38df7
+author Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
+committer Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> Sat Apr 9 12:02:30 2005
+
+Make "git-fsck-objects" print out all the root commits it finds.
+
+Once I do the reference tracking, I'll also make it print out all the
+HEAD commits it finds, which is even more interesting.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+in case you care).
+
+
+include::diff-format.txt[]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723a648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+git-diff(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git diff' [<common diff options>] <commit>{0,2} [--] [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Show changes between two trees, a tree and the working tree, a
+tree and the index file, or the index file and the working tree.
+
+'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to view the changes you made relative to
+	the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
+	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
+	further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
+	stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
++
+If exactly two paths are given, and at least one is untracked,
+compare the two files / directories. This behavior can be
+forced by --no-index.
+
+'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to view the changes you staged for the next
+	commit relative to the named <commit>.  Typically you
+	would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
+	do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
+	--staged is a synonym of --cached.
+
+'git diff' [--options] <commit> [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to view the changes you have in your
+	working tree relative to the named <commit>.  You can
+	use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a
+	branch name to compare with the tip of a different
+	branch.
+
+'git diff' [--options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
+	<commit>.
+
+'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This is synonymous to the previous form.  If <commit> on
+	one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as
+	using HEAD instead.
+
+'git diff' [--options] <commit>\...<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to view the changes on the branch containing
+	and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor
+	of both <commit>.  "git diff A\...B" is equivalent to
+	"git diff $(git-merge-base A B) B".  You can omit any one
+	of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.
+
+Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
+noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
+for the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
+<tree-ish>.
+
+For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
+"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+However, "diff" is about comparing two _endpoints_, not ranges,
+and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
+"<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
+"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+:git-diff: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+<path>...::
+	The <paths> parameters, when given, are used to limit
+	the diff to the named paths (you can give directory
+	names and get diff for all files under them).
+
+
+include::diff-format.txt[]
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Various ways to check your working tree::
++
+------------
+$ git diff            <1>
+$ git diff --cached   <2>
+$ git diff HEAD       <3>
+------------
++
+<1> Changes in the working tree not yet staged for the next commit.
+<2> Changes between the index and your last commit; what you
+would be committing if you run "git commit" without "-a" option.
+<3> Changes in the working tree since your last commit; what you
+would be committing if you run "git commit -a"
+
+Comparing with arbitrary commits::
++
+------------
+$ git diff test            <1>
+$ git diff HEAD -- ./test  <2>
+$ git diff HEAD^ HEAD      <3>
+------------
++
+<1> Instead of using the tip of the current branch, compare with the
+tip of "test" branch.
+<2> Instead of comparing with the tip of "test" branch, compare with
+the tip of the current branch, but limit the comparison to the
+file "test".
+<3> Compare the version before the last commit and the last commit.
+
+Comparing branches::
++
+------------
+$ git diff topic master    <1>
+$ git diff topic..master   <2>
+$ git diff topic...master  <3>
+------------
++
+<1> Changes between the tips of the topic and the master branches.
+<2> Same as above.
+<3> Changes that occurred on the master branch since when the topic
+branch was started off it.
+
+Limiting the diff output::
++
+------------
+$ git diff --diff-filter=MRC            <1>
+$ git diff --name-status                <2>
+$ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386   <3>
+------------
++
+<1> Show only modification, rename and copy, but not addition
+nor deletion.
+<2> Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual
+diff output.
+<3> Limit diff output to named subtrees.
+
+Munging the diff output::
++
+------------
+$ git diff --find-copies-harder -B -C  <1>
+$ git diff -R                          <2>
+------------
++
+<1> Spend extra cycles to find renames, copies and complete
+rewrites (very expensive).
+<2> Output diff in reverse.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-difftool[1]::
+	Show changes using common diff tools
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8250bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+git-difftool(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-difftool - Show changes using common diff tools
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git difftool' [<options>] <commit>{0,2} [--] [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
+between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
+to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-y::
+--no-prompt::
+	Do not prompt before launching a diff tool.
+
+--prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
+	This is the default behaviour; the option is provided to
+	override any configuration settings.
+
+-t <tool>::
+--tool=<tool>::
+	Use the diff tool specified by <tool>.
+	Valid merge tools are:
+	kdiff3, kompare, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff,
+	ecmerge, diffuse, opendiff, p4merge and araxis.
++
+If a diff tool is not specified, 'git difftool'
+will use the configuration variable `diff.tool`.  If the
+configuration variable `diff.tool` is not set, 'git difftool'
+will pick a suitable default.
++
+You can explicitly provide a full path to the tool by setting the
+configuration variable `difftool.<tool>.path`. For example, you
+can configure the absolute path to kdiff3 by setting
+`difftool.kdiff3.path`. Otherwise, 'git difftool' assumes the
+tool is available in PATH.
++
+Instead of running one of the known diff tools,
+'git difftool' can be customized to run an alternative program
+by specifying the command line to invoke in a configuration
+variable `difftool.<tool>.cmd`.
++
+When 'git difftool' is invoked with this tool (either through the
+`-t` or `--tool` option or the `diff.tool` configuration variable)
+the configured command line will be invoked with the following
+variables available: `$LOCAL` is set to the name of the temporary
+file containing the contents of the diff pre-image and `$REMOTE`
+is set to the name of the temporary file containing the contents
+of the diff post-image.  `$BASE` is provided for compatibility
+with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$LOCAL`.
+
+-x <command>::
+--extcmd=<command>::
+	Specify a custom command for viewing diffs.
+	'git-difftool' ignores the configured defaults and runs
+	`$command $LOCAL $REMOTE` when this option is specified.
+
+-g::
+--gui::
+	When 'git-difftool' is invoked with the `-g` or `--gui` option
+	the default diff tool will be read from the configured
+	`diff.guitool` variable instead of `diff.tool`.
+
+See linkgit:git-diff[1] for the full list of supported options.
+
+CONFIG VARIABLES
+----------------
+'git difftool' falls back to 'git mergetool' config variables when the
+difftool equivalents have not been defined.
+
+diff.tool::
+	The default diff tool to use.
+
+diff.guitool::
+	The default diff tool to use when `--gui` is specified.
+
+difftool.<tool>.path::
+	Override the path for the given tool.  This is useful in case
+	your tool is not in the PATH.
+
+difftool.<tool>.cmd::
+	Specify the command to invoke the specified diff tool.
++
+See the `--tool=<tool>` option above for more details.
+
+difftool.prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-diff[1]::
+	 Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
+
+linkgit:git-mergetool[1]::
+	Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts
+
+linkgit:git-config[1]::
+	 Get and set repository or global options
+
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by David Aguilar <davvid@gmail.com>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Aguilar and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98ec6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+git-fast-export(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fast-export - Git data exporter
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git fast-export [options]' | 'git fast-import'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped
+into 'git fast-import'.
+
+You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see
+linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a kind of an interactive
+'git filter-branch'.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--progress=<n>::
+	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
+	'git fast-import' during import.
+
+--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
+	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
+	after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
+	when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
++
+When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
+when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will be made
+unsigned, with 'verbatim', they will be silently exported
+and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a warning.
+
+--tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
+	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
+	Since revisions and files to export can be limited by path,
+	tagged objects may be filtered completely.
++
+When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
+when encountering such a tag.  With 'drop' it will omit such tags from
+the output.  With 'rewrite', if the tagged object is a commit, it will
+rewrite the tag to tag an ancestor commit (via parent rewriting; see
+linkgit:git-rev-list[1])
+
+-M::
+-C::
+	Perform move and/or copy detection, as described in the
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] manual page, and use it to generate
+	rename and copy commands in the output dump.
++
+Note that earlier versions of this command did not complain and
+produced incorrect results if you gave these options.
+
+--export-marks=<file>::
+	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
+	Marks are written one per line as `:markid SHA-1`. Only marks
+	for revisions are dumped; marks for blobs are ignored.
+	Backends can use this file to validate imports after they
+	have been completed, or to save the marks table across
+	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
+	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
+	\--import-marks.
+
+--import-marks=<file>::
+	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
+	<file>.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
+	must use the same format as produced by \--export-marks.
++
+Any commits that have already been marked will not be exported again.
+If the backend uses a similar \--import-marks file, this allows for
+incremental bidirectional exporting of the repository by keeping the
+marks the same across runs.
+
+--fake-missing-tagger::
+	Some old repositories have tags without a tagger.  The
+	fast-import protocol was pretty strict about that, and did not
+	allow that.  So fake a tagger to be able to fast-import the
+	output.
+
+--no-data::
+	Skip output of blob objects and instead refer to blobs via
+	their original SHA-1 hash.  This is useful when rewriting the
+	directory structure or history of a repository without
+	touching the contents of individual files.  Note that the
+	resulting stream can only be used by a repository which
+	already contains the necessary objects.
+
+[git-rev-list-args...]::
+       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+       to export.  For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
+       current master reference to be exported along with all objects
+       added since its 10th ancestor commit.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git fast-export --all | (cd /empty/repository && git fast-import)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This will export the whole repository and import it into the existing
+empty repository.  Except for reencoding commits that are not in
+UTF-8, it would be a one-to-one mirror.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+$ git fast-export master~5..master |
+	sed "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/other|" |
+	git fast-import
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+This makes a new branch called 'other' from 'master~5..master'
+(i.e. if 'master' has linear history, it will take the last 5 commits).
+
+Note that this assumes that none of the blobs and commit messages
+referenced by that revision range contains the string
+'refs/heads/master'.
+
+
+Limitations
+-----------
+
+Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
+able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains
+a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Johannes E. Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Johannes E. Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6764ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1243 @@
+git-fast-import(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fast-import - Backend for fast Git data importers
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+frontend | 'git fast-import' [options]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This program is usually not what the end user wants to run directly.
+Most end users want to use one of the existing frontend programs,
+which parses a specific type of foreign source and feeds the contents
+stored there to 'git fast-import'.
+
+fast-import reads a mixed command/data stream from standard input and
+writes one or more packfiles directly into the current repository.
+When EOF is received on standard input, fast import writes out
+updated branch and tag refs, fully updating the current repository
+with the newly imported data.
+
+The fast-import backend itself can import into an empty repository (one that
+has already been initialized by 'git init') or incrementally
+update an existing populated repository.  Whether or not incremental
+imports are supported from a particular foreign source depends on
+the frontend program in use.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--date-format=<fmt>::
+	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
+	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
+	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
+	are supported, and their syntax.
+
+--force::
+	Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing
+	so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does
+	not contain the old commit).
+
+--max-pack-size=<n>::
+	Maximum size of each output packfile.
+	The default is 4 GiB as that is the maximum allowed
+	packfile size (due to file format limitations). Some
+	importers may wish to lower this, such as to ensure the
+	resulting packfiles fit on CDs.
+
+--big-file-threshold=<n>::
+	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
+	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
+	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
+	with constrained memory.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
+	Default is 10.
+
+--active-branches=<n>::
+	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
+	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
+
+--export-marks=<file>::
+	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
+	Marks are written one per line as `:markid SHA-1`.
+	Frontends can use this file to validate imports after they
+	have been completed, or to save the marks table across
+	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
+	at checkpoint (or completion) the same path can also be
+	safely given to \--import-marks.
+
+--import-marks=<file>::
+	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
+	<file>.  The input file must exist, must be readable, and
+	must use the same format as produced by \--export-marks.
+	Multiple options may be supplied to import more than one
+	set of marks.  If a mark is defined to different values,
+	the last file wins.
+
+--relative-marks::
+	After specifying --relative-marks= the paths specified
+	with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
+	to an internal directory in the current repository.
+	In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
+	to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
+	importers may use a different location.
+
+--no-relative-marks::
+	Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
+	relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
+	--(no-)-relative-marks= with the --(import|export)-marks=
+	options.
+
+--export-pack-edges=<file>::
+	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
+	<file> listing the filename of the packfile and the last
+	commit on each branch that was written to that packfile.
+	This information may be useful after importing projects
+	whose total object set exceeds the 4 GiB packfile limit,
+	as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
+	to 'git pack-objects'.
+
+--quiet::
+	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
+	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
+	\--stats.
+
+--stats::
+	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
+	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
+	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
+	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
+
+
+Performance
+-----------
+The design of fast-import allows it to import large projects in a minimum
+amount of memory usage and processing time.  Assuming the frontend
+is able to keep up with fast-import and feed it a constant stream of data,
+import times for projects holding 10+ years of history and containing
+100,000+ individual commits are generally completed in just 1-2
+hours on quite modest (~$2,000 USD) hardware.
+
+Most bottlenecks appear to be in foreign source data access (the
+source just cannot extract revisions fast enough) or disk IO (fast-import
+writes as fast as the disk will take the data).  Imports will run
+faster if the source data is stored on a different drive than the
+destination Git repository (due to less IO contention).
+
+
+Development Cost
+----------------
+A typical frontend for fast-import tends to weigh in at approximately 200
+lines of Perl/Python/Ruby code.  Most developers have been able to
+create working importers in just a couple of hours, even though it
+is their first exposure to fast-import, and sometimes even to Git.  This is
+an ideal situation, given that most conversion tools are throw-away
+(use once, and never look back).
+
+
+Parallel Operation
+------------------
+Like 'git push' or 'git fetch', imports handled by fast-import are safe to
+run alongside parallel `git repack -a -d` or `git gc` invocations,
+or any other Git operation (including 'git prune', as loose objects
+are never used by fast-import).
+
+fast-import does not lock the branch or tag refs it is actively importing.
+After the import, during its ref update phase, fast-import tests each
+existing branch ref to verify the update will be a fast-forward
+update (the commit stored in the ref is contained in the new
+history of the commit to be written).  If the update is not a
+fast-forward update, fast-import will skip updating that ref and instead
+prints a warning message.  fast-import will always attempt to update all
+branch refs, and does not stop on the first failure.
+
+Branch updates can be forced with \--force, but it's recommended that
+this only be used on an otherwise quiet repository.  Using \--force
+is not necessary for an initial import into an empty repository.
+
+
+Technical Discussion
+--------------------
+fast-import tracks a set of branches in memory.  Any branch can be created
+or modified at any point during the import process by sending a
+`commit` command on the input stream.  This design allows a frontend
+program to process an unlimited number of branches simultaneously,
+generating commits in the order they are available from the source
+data.  It also simplifies the frontend programs considerably.
+
+fast-import does not use or alter the current working directory, or any
+file within it.  (It does however update the current Git repository,
+as referenced by `GIT_DIR`.)  Therefore an import frontend may use
+the working directory for its own purposes, such as extracting file
+revisions from the foreign source.  This ignorance of the working
+directory also allows fast-import to run very quickly, as it does not
+need to perform any costly file update operations when switching
+between branches.
+
+Input Format
+------------
+With the exception of raw file data (which Git does not interpret)
+the fast-import input format is text (ASCII) based.  This text based
+format simplifies development and debugging of frontend programs,
+especially when a higher level language such as Perl, Python or
+Ruby is being used.
+
+fast-import is very strict about its input.  Where we say SP below we mean
+*exactly* one space.  Likewise LF means one (and only one) linefeed.
+Supplying additional whitespace characters will cause unexpected
+results, such as branch names or file names with leading or trailing
+spaces in their name, or early termination of fast-import when it encounters
+unexpected input.
+
+Stream Comments
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+To aid in debugging frontends fast-import ignores any line that
+begins with `#` (ASCII pound/hash) up to and including the line
+ending `LF`.  A comment line may contain any sequence of bytes
+that does not contain an LF and therefore may be used to include
+any detailed debugging information that might be specific to the
+frontend and useful when inspecting a fast-import data stream.
+
+Date Formats
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The following date formats are supported.  A frontend should select
+the format it will use for this import by passing the format name
+in the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option.
+
+`raw`::
+	This is the Git native format and is `<time> SP <offutc>`.
+	It is also fast-import's default format, if \--date-format was
+	not specified.
++
+The time of the event is specified by `<time>` as the number of
+seconds since the UNIX epoch (midnight, Jan 1, 1970, UTC) and is
+written as an ASCII decimal integer.
++
+The local offset is specified by `<offutc>` as a positive or negative
+offset from UTC.  For example EST (which is 5 hours behind UTC)
+would be expressed in `<tz>` by ``-0500'' while UTC is ``+0000''.
+The local offset does not affect `<time>`; it is used only as an
+advisement to help formatting routines display the timestamp.
++
+If the local offset is not available in the source material, use
+``+0000'', or the most common local offset.  For example many
+organizations have a CVS repository which has only ever been accessed
+by users who are located in the same location and timezone.  In this
+case a reasonable offset from UTC could be assumed.
++
+Unlike the `rfc2822` format, this format is very strict.  Any
+variation in formatting will cause fast-import to reject the value.
+
+`rfc2822`::
+	This is the standard email format as described by RFC 2822.
++
+An example value is ``Tue Feb 6 11:22:18 2007 -0500''.  The Git
+parser is accurate, but a little on the lenient side.  It is the
+same parser used by 'git am' when applying patches
+received from email.
++
+Some malformed strings may be accepted as valid dates.  In some of
+these cases Git will still be able to obtain the correct date from
+the malformed string.  There are also some types of malformed
+strings which Git will parse wrong, and yet consider valid.
+Seriously malformed strings will be rejected.
++
+Unlike the `raw` format above, the timezone/UTC offset information
+contained in an RFC 2822 date string is used to adjust the date
+value to UTC prior to storage.  Therefore it is important that
+this information be as accurate as possible.
++
+If the source material uses RFC 2822 style dates,
+the frontend should let fast-import handle the parsing and conversion
+(rather than attempting to do it itself) as the Git parser has
+been well tested in the wild.
++
+Frontends should prefer the `raw` format if the source material
+already uses UNIX-epoch format, can be coaxed to give dates in that
+format, or its format is easily convertible to it, as there is no
+ambiguity in parsing.
+
+`now`::
+	Always use the current time and timezone.  The literal
+	`now` must always be supplied for `<when>`.
++
+This is a toy format.  The current time and timezone of this system
+is always copied into the identity string at the time it is being
+created by fast-import.  There is no way to specify a different time or
+timezone.
++
+This particular format is supplied as it's short to implement and
+may be useful to a process that wants to create a new commit
+right now, without needing to use a working directory or
+'git update-index'.
++
+If separate `author` and `committer` commands are used in a `commit`
+the timestamps may not match, as the system clock will be polled
+twice (once for each command).  The only way to ensure that both
+author and committer identity information has the same timestamp
+is to omit `author` (thus copying from `committer`) or to use a
+date format other than `now`.
+
+Commands
+~~~~~~~~
+fast-import accepts several commands to update the current repository
+and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
+(with examples) of each command follows later.
+
+`commit`::
+	Creates a new branch or updates an existing branch by
+	creating a new commit and updating the branch to point at
+	the newly created commit.
+
+`tag`::
+	Creates an annotated tag object from an existing commit or
+	branch.  Lightweight tags are not supported by this command,
+	as they are not recommended for recording meaningful points
+	in time.
+
+`reset`::
+	Reset an existing branch (or a new branch) to a specific
+	revision.  This command must be used to change a branch to
+	a specific revision without making a commit on it.
+
+`blob`::
+	Convert raw file data into a blob, for future use in a
+	`commit` command.  This command is optional and is not
+	needed to perform an import.
+
+`checkpoint`::
+	Forces fast-import to close the current packfile, generate its
+	unique SHA-1 checksum and index, and start a new packfile.
+	This command is optional and is not needed to perform
+	an import.
+
+`progress`::
+	Causes fast-import to echo the entire line to its own
+	standard output.  This command is optional and is not needed
+	to perform an import.
+
+`feature`::
+	Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
+	abort if it does not.
+
+`option`::
+	Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not
+	change stream semantic to suit the frontend's needs. This
+	command is optional and is not needed to perform an import.
+
+`commit`
+~~~~~~~~
+Create or update a branch with a new commit, recording one logical
+change to the project.
+
+....
+	'commit' SP <ref> LF
+	mark?
+	('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
+	'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
+	data
+	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
+	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
+	LF?
+....
+
+where `<ref>` is the name of the branch to make the commit on.
+Typically branch names are prefixed with `refs/heads/` in
+Git, so importing the CVS branch symbol `RELENG-1_0` would use
+`refs/heads/RELENG-1_0` for the value of `<ref>`.  The value of
+`<ref>` must be a valid refname in Git.  As `LF` is not valid in
+a Git refname, no quoting or escaping syntax is supported here.
+
+A `mark` command may optionally appear, requesting fast-import to save a
+reference to the newly created commit for future use by the frontend
+(see below for format).  It is very common for frontends to mark
+every commit they create, thereby allowing future branch creation
+from any imported commit.
+
+The `data` command following `committer` must supply the commit
+message (see below for `data` command syntax).  To import an empty
+commit message use a 0 length data.  Commit messages are free-form
+and are not interpreted by Git.  Currently they must be encoded in
+UTF-8, as fast-import does not permit other encodings to be specified.
+
+Zero or more `filemodify`, `filedelete`, `filecopy`, `filerename`,
+`filedeleteall` and `notemodify` commands
+may be included to update the contents of the branch prior to
+creating the commit.  These commands may be supplied in any order.
+However it is recommended that a `filedeleteall` command precede
+all `filemodify`, `filecopy`, `filerename` and `notemodify` commands in
+the same commit, as `filedeleteall` wipes the branch clean (see below).
+
+The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
+
+`author`
+^^^^^^^^
+An `author` command may optionally appear, if the author information
+might differ from the committer information.  If `author` is omitted
+then fast-import will automatically use the committer's information for
+the author portion of the commit.  See below for a description of
+the fields in `author`, as they are identical to `committer`.
+
+`committer`
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+The `committer` command indicates who made this commit, and when
+they made it.
+
+Here `<name>` is the person's display name (for example
+``Com M Itter'') and `<email>` is the person's email address
+(``cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
+and greater-than (\x3e) symbols.  These are required to delimit
+the email address from the other fields in the line.  Note that
+`<name>` is free-form and may contain any sequence of bytes, except
+`LT` and `LF`.  It is typically UTF-8 encoded.
+
+The time of the change is specified by `<when>` using the date format
+that was selected by the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option.
+See ``Date Formats'' above for the set of supported formats, and
+their syntax.
+
+`from`
+^^^^^^
+The `from` command is used to specify the commit to initialize
+this branch from.  This revision will be the first ancestor of the
+new commit.
+
+Omitting the `from` command in the first commit of a new branch
+will cause fast-import to create that commit with no ancestor. This
+tends to be desired only for the initial commit of a project.
+If the frontend creates all files from scratch when making a new
+branch, a `merge` command may be used instead of `from` to start
+the commit with an empty tree.
+Omitting the `from` command on existing branches is usually desired,
+as the current commit on that branch is automatically assumed to
+be the first ancestor of the new commit.
+
+As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no
+quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`.
+
+Here `<committish>` is any of the following:
+
+* The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch
+  table.  If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1
+  expression.
+
+* A mark reference, `:<idnum>`, where `<idnum>` is the mark number.
++
+The reason fast-import uses `:` to denote a mark reference is this character
+is not legal in a Git branch name.  The leading `:` makes it easy
+to distinguish between the mark 42 (`:42`) and the branch 42 (`42`
+or `refs/heads/42`), or an abbreviated SHA-1 which happened to
+consist only of base-10 digits.
++
+Marks must be declared (via `mark`) before they can be used.
+
+* A complete 40 byte or abbreviated commit SHA-1 in hex.
+
+* Any valid Git SHA-1 expression that resolves to a commit.  See
+  ``SPECIFYING REVISIONS'' in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for details.
+
+The special case of restarting an incremental import from the
+current branch value should be written as:
+----
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+----
+The `{caret}0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to
+start from itself, and the branch is created in memory before the
+`from` command is even read from the input.  Adding `{caret}0` will force
+fast-import to resolve the commit through Git's revision parsing library,
+rather than its internal branch table, thereby loading in the
+existing value of the branch.
+
+`merge`
+^^^^^^^
+Includes one additional ancestor commit.  If the `from` command is
+omitted when creating a new branch, the first `merge` commit will be
+the first ancestor of the current commit, and the branch will start
+out with no files.  An unlimited number of `merge` commands per
+commit are permitted by fast-import, thereby establishing an n-way merge.
+However Git's other tools never create commits with more than 15
+additional ancestors (forming a 16-way merge).  For this reason
+it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge`
+commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch.
+
+Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
+also accepted by `from` (see above).
+
+`filemodify`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Included in a `commit` command to add a new file or change the
+content of an existing file.  This command has two different means
+of specifying the content of the file.
+
+External data format::
+	The data content for the file was already supplied by a prior
+	`blob` command.  The frontend just needs to connect it.
++
+....
+	'M' SP <mode> SP <dataref> SP <path> LF
+....
++
+Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
+set by a prior `blob` command, or a full 40-byte SHA-1 of an
+existing Git blob object.
+
+Inline data format::
+	The data content for the file has not been supplied yet.
+	The frontend wants to supply it as part of this modify
+	command.
++
+....
+	'M' SP <mode> SP 'inline' SP <path> LF
+	data
+....
++
+See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
+
+In both formats `<mode>` is the type of file entry, specified
+in octal.  Git only supports the following modes:
+
+* `100644` or `644`: A normal (not-executable) file.  The majority
+  of files in most projects use this mode.  If in doubt, this is
+  what you want.
+* `100755` or `755`: A normal, but executable, file.
+* `120000`: A symlink, the content of the file will be the link target.
+* `160000`: A gitlink, SHA-1 of the object refers to a commit in
+  another repository. Git links can only be specified by SHA or through
+  a commit mark. They are used to implement submodules.
+
+In both formats `<path>` is the complete path of the file to be added
+(if not already existing) or modified (if already existing).
+
+A `<path>` string must use UNIX-style directory separators (forward
+slash `/`), may contain any byte other than `LF`, and must not
+start with double quote (`"`).
+
+If an `LF` or double quote must be encoded into `<path>` shell-style
+quoting should be used, e.g. `"path/with\n and \" in it"`.
+
+The value of `<path>` must be in canonical form. That is it must not:
+
+* contain an empty directory component (e.g. `foo//bar` is invalid),
+* end with a directory separator (e.g. `foo/` is invalid),
+* start with a directory separator (e.g. `/foo` is invalid),
+* contain the special component `.` or `..` (e.g. `foo/./bar` and
+  `foo/../bar` are invalid).
+
+It is recommended that `<path>` always be encoded using UTF-8.
+
+`filedelete`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Included in a `commit` command to remove a file or recursively
+delete an entire directory from the branch.  If the file or directory
+removal makes its parent directory empty, the parent directory will
+be automatically removed too.  This cascades up the tree until the
+first non-empty directory or the root is reached.
+
+....
+	'D' SP <path> LF
+....
+
+here `<path>` is the complete path of the file or subdirectory to
+be removed from the branch.
+See `filemodify` above for a detailed description of `<path>`.
+
+`filecopy`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Recursively copies an existing file or subdirectory to a different
+location within the branch.  The existing file or directory must
+exist.  If the destination exists it will be completely replaced
+by the content copied from the source.
+
+....
+	'C' SP <path> SP <path> LF
+....
+
+here the first `<path>` is the source location and the second
+`<path>` is the destination.  See `filemodify` above for a detailed
+description of what `<path>` may look like.  To use a source path
+that contains SP the path must be quoted.
+
+A `filecopy` command takes effect immediately.  Once the source
+location has been copied to the destination any future commands
+applied to the source location will not impact the destination of
+the copy.
+
+`filerename`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Renames an existing file or subdirectory to a different location
+within the branch.  The existing file or directory must exist. If
+the destination exists it will be replaced by the source directory.
+
+....
+	'R' SP <path> SP <path> LF
+....
+
+here the first `<path>` is the source location and the second
+`<path>` is the destination.  See `filemodify` above for a detailed
+description of what `<path>` may look like.  To use a source path
+that contains SP the path must be quoted.
+
+A `filerename` command takes effect immediately.  Once the source
+location has been renamed to the destination any future commands
+applied to the source location will create new files there and not
+impact the destination of the rename.
+
+Note that a `filerename` is the same as a `filecopy` followed by a
+`filedelete` of the source location.  There is a slight performance
+advantage to using `filerename`, but the advantage is so small
+that it is never worth trying to convert a delete/add pair in
+source material into a rename for fast-import.  This `filerename`
+command is provided just to simplify frontends that already have
+rename information and don't want bother with decomposing it into a
+`filecopy` followed by a `filedelete`.
+
+`filedeleteall`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Included in a `commit` command to remove all files (and also all
+directories) from the branch.  This command resets the internal
+branch structure to have no files in it, allowing the frontend
+to subsequently add all interesting files from scratch.
+
+....
+	'deleteall' LF
+....
+
+This command is extremely useful if the frontend does not know
+(or does not care to know) what files are currently on the branch,
+and therefore cannot generate the proper `filedelete` commands to
+update the content.
+
+Issuing a `filedeleteall` followed by the needed `filemodify`
+commands to set the correct content will produce the same results
+as sending only the needed `filemodify` and `filedelete` commands.
+The `filedeleteall` approach may however require fast-import to use slightly
+more memory per active branch (less than 1 MiB for even most large
+projects); so frontends that can easily obtain only the affected
+paths for a commit are encouraged to do so.
+
+`notemodify`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Included in a `commit` command to add a new note (annotating a given
+commit) or change the content of an existing note.  This command has
+two different means of specifying the content of the note.
+
+External data format::
+	The data content for the note was already supplied by a prior
+	`blob` command.  The frontend just needs to connect it to the
+	commit that is to be annotated.
++
+....
+	'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
+....
++
+Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
+set by a prior `blob` command, or a full 40-byte SHA-1 of an
+existing Git blob object.
+
+Inline data format::
+	The data content for the note has not been supplied yet.
+	The frontend wants to supply it as part of this modify
+	command.
++
+....
+	'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
+	data
+....
++
+See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
+
+In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
+expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
+
+`mark`
+~~~~~~
+Arranges for fast-import to save a reference to the current object, allowing
+the frontend to recall this object at a future point in time, without
+knowing its SHA-1.  Here the current object is the object creation
+command the `mark` command appears within.  This can be `commit`,
+`tag`, and `blob`, but `commit` is the most common usage.
+
+....
+	'mark' SP ':' <idnum> LF
+....
+
+where `<idnum>` is the number assigned by the frontend to this mark.
+The value of `<idnum>` is expressed as an ASCII decimal integer.
+The value 0 is reserved and cannot be used as
+a mark.  Only values greater than or equal to 1 may be used as marks.
+
+New marks are created automatically.  Existing marks can be moved
+to another object simply by reusing the same `<idnum>` in another
+`mark` command.
+
+`tag`
+~~~~~
+Creates an annotated tag referring to a specific commit.  To create
+lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
+
+....
+	'tag' SP <name> LF
+	'from' SP <committish> LF
+	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
+	data
+....
+
+where `<name>` is the name of the tag to create.
+
+Tag names are automatically prefixed with `refs/tags/` when stored
+in Git, so importing the CVS branch symbol `RELENG-1_0-FINAL` would
+use just `RELENG-1_0-FINAL` for `<name>`, and fast-import will write the
+corresponding ref as `refs/tags/RELENG-1_0-FINAL`.
+
+The value of `<name>` must be a valid refname in Git and therefore
+may contain forward slashes.  As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname,
+no quoting or escaping syntax is supported here.
+
+The `from` command is the same as in the `commit` command; see
+above for details.
+
+The `tagger` command uses the same format as `committer` within
+`commit`; again see above for details.
+
+The `data` command following `tagger` must supply the annotated tag
+message (see below for `data` command syntax).  To import an empty
+tag message use a 0 length data.  Tag messages are free-form and are
+not interpreted by Git.  Currently they must be encoded in UTF-8,
+as fast-import does not permit other encodings to be specified.
+
+Signing annotated tags during import from within fast-import is not
+supported.  Trying to include your own PGP/GPG signature is not
+recommended, as the frontend does not (easily) have access to the
+complete set of bytes which normally goes into such a signature.
+If signing is required, create lightweight tags from within fast-import with
+`reset`, then create the annotated versions of those tags offline
+with the standard 'git tag' process.
+
+`reset`
+~~~~~~~
+Creates (or recreates) the named branch, optionally starting from
+a specific revision.  The reset command allows a frontend to issue
+a new `from` command for an existing branch, or to create a new
+branch from an existing commit without creating a new commit.
+
+....
+	'reset' SP <ref> LF
+	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	LF?
+....
+
+For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above
+under `commit` and `from`.
+
+The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
+
+The `reset` command can also be used to create lightweight
+(non-annotated) tags.  For example:
+
+====
+	reset refs/tags/938
+	from :938
+====
+
+would create the lightweight tag `refs/tags/938` referring to
+whatever commit mark `:938` references.
+
+`blob`
+~~~~~~
+Requests writing one file revision to the packfile.  The revision
+is not connected to any commit; this connection must be formed in
+a subsequent `commit` command by referencing the blob through an
+assigned mark.
+
+....
+	'blob' LF
+	mark?
+	data
+....
+
+The mark command is optional here as some frontends have chosen
+to generate the Git SHA-1 for the blob on their own, and feed that
+directly to `commit`.  This is typically more work than it's worth
+however, as marks are inexpensive to store and easy to use.
+
+`data`
+~~~~~~
+Supplies raw data (for use as blob/file content, commit messages, or
+annotated tag messages) to fast-import.  Data can be supplied using an exact
+byte count or delimited with a terminating line.  Real frontends
+intended for production-quality conversions should always use the
+exact byte count format, as it is more robust and performs better.
+The delimited format is intended primarily for testing fast-import.
+
+Comment lines appearing within the `<raw>` part of `data` commands
+are always taken to be part of the body of the data and are therefore
+never ignored by fast-import.  This makes it safe to import any
+file/message content whose lines might start with `#`.
+
+Exact byte count format::
+	The frontend must specify the number of bytes of data.
++
+....
+	'data' SP <count> LF
+	<raw> LF?
+....
++
+where `<count>` is the exact number of bytes appearing within
+`<raw>`.  The value of `<count>` is expressed as an ASCII decimal
+integer.  The `LF` on either side of `<raw>` is not
+included in `<count>` and will not be included in the imported data.
++
+The `LF` after `<raw>` is optional (it used to be required) but
+recommended.  Always including it makes debugging a fast-import
+stream easier as the next command always starts in column 0
+of the next line, even if `<raw>` did not end with an `LF`.
+
+Delimited format::
+	A delimiter string is used to mark the end of the data.
+	fast-import will compute the length by searching for the delimiter.
+	This format is primarily useful for testing and is not
+	recommended for real data.
++
+....
+	'data' SP '<<' <delim> LF
+	<raw> LF
+	<delim> LF
+	LF?
+....
++
+where `<delim>` is the chosen delimiter string.  The string `<delim>`
+must not appear on a line by itself within `<raw>`, as otherwise
+fast-import will think the data ends earlier than it really does.  The `LF`
+immediately trailing `<raw>` is part of `<raw>`.  This is one of
+the limitations of the delimited format, it is impossible to supply
+a data chunk which does not have an LF as its last byte.
++
+The `LF` after `<delim> LF` is optional (it used to be required).
+
+`checkpoint`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Forces fast-import to close the current packfile, start a new one, and to
+save out all current branch refs, tags and marks.
+
+....
+	'checkpoint' LF
+	LF?
+....
+
+Note that fast-import automatically switches packfiles when the current
+packfile reaches \--max-pack-size, or 4 GiB, whichever limit is
+smaller.  During an automatic packfile switch fast-import does not update
+the branch refs, tags or marks.
+
+As a `checkpoint` can require a significant amount of CPU time and
+disk IO (to compute the overall pack SHA-1 checksum, generate the
+corresponding index file, and update the refs) it can easily take
+several minutes for a single `checkpoint` command to complete.
+
+Frontends may choose to issue checkpoints during extremely large
+and long running imports, or when they need to allow another Git
+process access to a branch.  However given that a 30 GiB Subversion
+repository can be loaded into Git through fast-import in about 3 hours,
+explicit checkpointing may not be necessary.
+
+The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
+
+`progress`
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Causes fast-import to print the entire `progress` line unmodified to
+its standard output channel (file descriptor 1) when the command is
+processed from the input stream.  The command otherwise has no impact
+on the current import, or on any of fast-import's internal state.
+
+....
+	'progress' SP <any> LF
+	LF?
+....
+
+The `<any>` part of the command may contain any sequence of bytes
+that does not contain `LF`.  The `LF` after the command is optional.
+Callers may wish to process the output through a tool such as sed to
+remove the leading part of the line, for example:
+
+====
+	frontend | git fast-import | sed 's/^progress //'
+====
+
+Placing a `progress` command immediately after a `checkpoint` will
+inform the reader when the `checkpoint` has been completed and it
+can safely access the refs that fast-import updated.
+
+`feature`
+~~~~~~~~~
+Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or abort if
+it does not.
+
+....
+	'feature' SP <feature> LF
+....
+
+The <feature> part of the command may be any string matching
+^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z-]*$ and should be understood by fast-import.
+
+Feature work identical as their option counterparts with the
+exception of the import-marks feature, see below.
+
+The following features are currently supported:
+
+* date-format
+* import-marks
+* export-marks
+* relative-marks
+* no-relative-marks
+* force
+
+The import-marks behaves differently from when it is specified as
+commandline option in that only one "feature import-marks" is allowed
+per stream. Also, any --import-marks= specified on the commandline
+will override those from the stream (if any).
+
+`option`
+~~~~~~~~
+Processes the specified option so that git fast-import behaves in a
+way that suits the frontend's needs.
+Note that options specified by the frontend are overridden by any
+options the user may specify to git fast-import itself.
+
+....
+    'option' SP <option> LF
+....
+
+The `<option>` part of the command may contain any of the options
+listed in the OPTIONS section that do not change import semantics,
+without the leading '--' and is treated in the same way.
+
+Option commands must be the first commands on the input (not counting
+feature commands), to give an option command after any non-option
+command is an error.
+
+The following commandline options change import semantics and may therefore
+not be passed as option:
+
+* date-format
+* import-marks
+* export-marks
+* force
+
+Crash Reports
+-------------
+If fast-import is supplied invalid input it will terminate with a
+non-zero exit status and create a crash report in the top level of
+the Git repository it was importing into.  Crash reports contain
+a snapshot of the internal fast-import state as well as the most
+recent commands that lead up to the crash.
+
+All recent commands (including stream comments, file changes and
+progress commands) are shown in the command history within the crash
+report, but raw file data and commit messages are excluded from the
+crash report.  This exclusion saves space within the report file
+and reduces the amount of buffering that fast-import must perform
+during execution.
+
+After writing a crash report fast-import will close the current
+packfile and export the marks table.  This allows the frontend
+developer to inspect the repository state and resume the import from
+the point where it crashed.  The modified branches and tags are not
+updated during a crash, as the import did not complete successfully.
+Branch and tag information can be found in the crash report and
+must be applied manually if the update is needed.
+
+An example crash:
+
+====
+	$ cat >in <<END_OF_INPUT
+	# my very first test commit
+	commit refs/heads/master
+	committer Shawn O. Pearce <spearce> 19283 -0400
+	# who is that guy anyway?
+	data <<EOF
+	this is my commit
+	EOF
+	M 644 inline .gitignore
+	data <<EOF
+	.gitignore
+	EOF
+	M 777 inline bob
+	END_OF_INPUT
+
+	$ git fast-import <in
+	fatal: Corrupt mode: M 777 inline bob
+	fast-import: dumping crash report to .git/fast_import_crash_8434
+
+	$ cat .git/fast_import_crash_8434
+	fast-import crash report:
+	    fast-import process: 8434
+	    parent process     : 1391
+	    at Sat Sep 1 00:58:12 2007
+
+	fatal: Corrupt mode: M 777 inline bob
+
+	Most Recent Commands Before Crash
+	---------------------------------
+	  # my very first test commit
+	  commit refs/heads/master
+	  committer Shawn O. Pearce <spearce> 19283 -0400
+	  # who is that guy anyway?
+	  data <<EOF
+	  M 644 inline .gitignore
+	  data <<EOF
+	* M 777 inline bob
+
+	Active Branch LRU
+	-----------------
+	    active_branches = 1 cur, 5 max
+
+	  pos  clock name
+	  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+	   1)      0 refs/heads/master
+
+	Inactive Branches
+	-----------------
+	refs/heads/master:
+	  status      : active loaded dirty
+	  tip commit  : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	  old tree    : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	  cur tree    : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	  commit clock: 0
+	  last pack   :
+
+
+	-------------------
+	END OF CRASH REPORT
+====
+
+Tips and Tricks
+---------------
+The following tips and tricks have been collected from various
+users of fast-import, and are offered here as suggestions.
+
+Use One Mark Per Commit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+When doing a repository conversion, use a unique mark per commit
+(`mark :<n>`) and supply the \--export-marks option on the command
+line.  fast-import will dump a file which lists every mark and the Git
+object SHA-1 that corresponds to it.  If the frontend can tie
+the marks back to the source repository, it is easy to verify the
+accuracy and completeness of the import by comparing each Git
+commit to the corresponding source revision.
+
+Coming from a system such as Perforce or Subversion this should be
+quite simple, as the fast-import mark can also be the Perforce changeset
+number or the Subversion revision number.
+
+Freely Skip Around Branches
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Don't bother trying to optimize the frontend to stick to one branch
+at a time during an import.  Although doing so might be slightly
+faster for fast-import, it tends to increase the complexity of the frontend
+code considerably.
+
+The branch LRU builtin to fast-import tends to behave very well, and the
+cost of activating an inactive branch is so low that bouncing around
+between branches has virtually no impact on import performance.
+
+Handling Renames
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+When importing a renamed file or directory, simply delete the old
+name(s) and modify the new name(s) during the corresponding commit.
+Git performs rename detection after-the-fact, rather than explicitly
+during a commit.
+
+Use Tag Fixup Branches
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Some other SCM systems let the user create a tag from multiple
+files which are not from the same commit/changeset.  Or to create
+tags which are a subset of the files available in the repository.
+
+Importing these tags as-is in Git is impossible without making at
+least one commit which ``fixes up'' the files to match the content
+of the tag.  Use fast-import's `reset` command to reset a dummy branch
+outside of your normal branch space to the base commit for the tag,
+then commit one or more file fixup commits, and finally tag the
+dummy branch.
+
+For example since all normal branches are stored under `refs/heads/`
+name the tag fixup branch `TAG_FIXUP`.  This way it is impossible for
+the fixup branch used by the importer to have namespace conflicts
+with real branches imported from the source (the name `TAG_FIXUP`
+is not `refs/heads/TAG_FIXUP`).
+
+When committing fixups, consider using `merge` to connect the
+commit(s) which are supplying file revisions to the fixup branch.
+Doing so will allow tools such as 'git blame' to track
+through the real commit history and properly annotate the source
+files.
+
+After fast-import terminates the frontend will need to do `rm .git/TAG_FIXUP`
+to remove the dummy branch.
+
+Import Now, Repack Later
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+As soon as fast-import completes the Git repository is completely valid
+and ready for use.  Typically this takes only a very short time,
+even for considerably large projects (100,000+ commits).
+
+However repacking the repository is necessary to improve data
+locality and access performance.  It can also take hours on extremely
+large projects (especially if -f and a large \--window parameter is
+used).  Since repacking is safe to run alongside readers and writers,
+run the repack in the background and let it finish when it finishes.
+There is no reason to wait to explore your new Git project!
+
+If you choose to wait for the repack, don't try to run benchmarks
+or performance tests until repacking is completed.  fast-import outputs
+suboptimal packfiles that are simply never seen in real use
+situations.
+
+Repacking Historical Data
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+If you are repacking very old imported data (e.g. older than the
+last year), consider expending some extra CPU time and supplying
+\--window=50 (or higher) when you run 'git repack'.
+This will take longer, but will also produce a smaller packfile.
+You only need to expend the effort once, and everyone using your
+project will benefit from the smaller repository.
+
+Include Some Progress Messages
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Every once in a while have your frontend emit a `progress` message
+to fast-import.  The contents of the messages are entirely free-form,
+so one suggestion would be to output the current month and year
+each time the current commit date moves into the next month.
+Your users will feel better knowing how much of the data stream
+has been processed.
+
+
+Packfile Optimization
+---------------------
+When packing a blob fast-import always attempts to deltify against the last
+blob written.  Unless specifically arranged for by the frontend,
+this will probably not be a prior version of the same file, so the
+generated delta will not be the smallest possible.  The resulting
+packfile will be compressed, but will not be optimal.
+
+Frontends which have efficient access to all revisions of a
+single file (for example reading an RCS/CVS ,v file) can choose
+to supply all revisions of that file as a sequence of consecutive
+`blob` commands.  This allows fast-import to deltify the different file
+revisions against each other, saving space in the final packfile.
+Marks can be used to later identify individual file revisions during
+a sequence of `commit` commands.
+
+The packfile(s) created by fast-import do not encourage good disk access
+patterns.  This is caused by fast-import writing the data in the order
+it is received on standard input, while Git typically organizes
+data within packfiles to make the most recent (current tip) data
+appear before historical data.  Git also clusters commits together,
+speeding up revision traversal through better cache locality.
+
+For this reason it is strongly recommended that users repack the
+repository with `git repack -a -d` after fast-import completes, allowing
+Git to reorganize the packfiles for faster data access.  If blob
+deltas are suboptimal (see above) then also adding the `-f` option
+to force recomputation of all deltas can significantly reduce the
+final packfile size (30-50% smaller can be quite typical).
+
+
+Memory Utilization
+------------------
+There are a number of factors which affect how much memory fast-import
+requires to perform an import.  Like critical sections of core
+Git, fast-import uses its own memory allocators to amortize any overheads
+associated with malloc.  In practice fast-import tends to amortize any
+malloc overheads to 0, due to its use of large block allocations.
+
+per object
+~~~~~~~~~~
+fast-import maintains an in-memory structure for every object written in
+this execution.  On a 32 bit system the structure is 32 bytes,
+on a 64 bit system the structure is 40 bytes (due to the larger
+pointer sizes).  Objects in the table are not deallocated until
+fast-import terminates.  Importing 2 million objects on a 32 bit system
+will require approximately 64 MiB of memory.
+
+The object table is actually a hashtable keyed on the object name
+(the unique SHA-1).  This storage configuration allows fast-import to reuse
+an existing or already written object and avoid writing duplicates
+to the output packfile.  Duplicate blobs are surprisingly common
+in an import, typically due to branch merges in the source.
+
+per mark
+~~~~~~~~
+Marks are stored in a sparse array, using 1 pointer (4 bytes or 8
+bytes, depending on pointer size) per mark.  Although the array
+is sparse, frontends are still strongly encouraged to use marks
+between 1 and n, where n is the total number of marks required for
+this import.
+
+per branch
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Branches are classified as active and inactive.  The memory usage
+of the two classes is significantly different.
+
+Inactive branches are stored in a structure which uses 96 or 120
+bytes (32 bit or 64 bit systems, respectively), plus the length of
+the branch name (typically under 200 bytes), per branch.  fast-import will
+easily handle as many as 10,000 inactive branches in under 2 MiB
+of memory.
+
+Active branches have the same overhead as inactive branches, but
+also contain copies of every tree that has been recently modified on
+that branch.  If subtree `include` has not been modified since the
+branch became active, its contents will not be loaded into memory,
+but if subtree `src` has been modified by a commit since the branch
+became active, then its contents will be loaded in memory.
+
+As active branches store metadata about the files contained on that
+branch, their in-memory storage size can grow to a considerable size
+(see below).
+
+fast-import automatically moves active branches to inactive status based on
+a simple least-recently-used algorithm.  The LRU chain is updated on
+each `commit` command.  The maximum number of active branches can be
+increased or decreased on the command line with \--active-branches=.
+
+per active tree
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Trees (aka directories) use just 12 bytes of memory on top of the
+memory required for their entries (see ``per active file'' below).
+The cost of a tree is virtually 0, as its overhead amortizes out
+over the individual file entries.
+
+per active file entry
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Files (and pointers to subtrees) within active trees require 52 or 64
+bytes (32/64 bit platforms) per entry.  To conserve space, file and
+tree names are pooled in a common string table, allowing the filename
+``Makefile'' to use just 16 bytes (after including the string header
+overhead) no matter how many times it occurs within the project.
+
+The active branch LRU, when coupled with the filename string pool
+and lazy loading of subtrees, allows fast-import to efficiently import
+projects with 2,000+ branches and 45,114+ files in a very limited
+memory footprint (less than 2.7 MiB per active branch).
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9952e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+git-fetch-pack(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fetch-pack - Receive missing objects from another repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Usually you would want to use 'git fetch', which is a
+higher level wrapper of this command, instead.
+
+Invokes 'git-upload-pack' on a possibly remote repository
+and asks it to send objects missing from this repository, to
+update the named heads.  The list of commits available locally
+is found out by scanning local $GIT_DIR/refs/ and sent to
+'git-upload-pack' running on the other end.
+
+This command degenerates to download everything to complete the
+asked refs from the remote side when the local side does not
+have a common ancestor commit.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--all::
+	Fetch all remote refs.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Pass '-q' flag to 'git unpack-objects'; this makes the
+	cloning process less verbose.
+
+-k::
+--keep::
+	Do not invoke 'git unpack-objects' on received data, but
+	create a single packfile out of it instead, and store it
+	in the object database. If provided twice then the pack is
+	locked against repacking.
+
+--thin::
+	Spend extra cycles to minimize the number of objects to be sent.
+	Use it on slower connection.
+
+--include-tag::
+	If the remote side supports it, annotated tags objects will
+	be downloaded on the same connection as the other objects if
+	the object the tag references is downloaded.  The caller must
+	otherwise determine the tags this option made available.
+
+--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>::
+	Use this to specify the path to 'git-upload-pack' on the
+	remote side, if is not found on your $PATH.
+	Installations of sshd ignores the user's environment
+	setup scripts for login shells (e.g. .bash_profile) and
+	your privately installed git may not be found on the system
+	default $PATH.  Another workaround suggested is to set
+	up your $PATH in ".bashrc", but this flag is for people
+	who do not want to pay the overhead for non-interactive
+	shells by having a lean .bashrc file (they set most of
+	the things up in .bash_profile).
+
+--exec=<git-upload-pack>::
+	Same as \--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
+
+--no-progress::
+	Do not show the progress.
+
+-v::
+	Run verbosely.
+
+<host>::
+	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
+	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
+	ssh.
+
+<directory>::
+	The repository to sync from.
+
+<refs>...::
+	The remote heads to update from. This is relative to
+	$GIT_DIR (e.g. "HEAD", "refs/heads/master").  When
+	unspecified, update from all heads the remote side has.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..948ea26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+git-fetch(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fetch - Download objects and refs from another repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git fetch' <options> <repository> <refspec>...
+
+'git fetch' <options> <group>
+
+'git fetch' --multiple <options> [<repository> | <group>]...
+
+'git fetch' --all <options>
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories,
+along with the objects necessary to complete them.
+
+The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
+in `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  This information is left for a later merge
+operation done by 'git merge'.
+
+When <refspec> stores the fetched result in tracking branches,
+the tags that point at these branches are automatically
+followed.  This is done by first fetching from the remote using
+the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are
+pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch
+those missing tags.  If the other end has tags that point at
+branches you are not interested in, you will not get them.
+
+'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository, or
+or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and
+there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file.
+(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::fetch-options.txt[]
+
+include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
+
+include::urls-remotes.txt[]
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Update the remote-tracking branches:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch origin
+------------------------------------------------
++
+The above command copies all branches from the remote refs/heads/
+namespace and stores them to the local refs/remotes/origin/ namespace,
+unless the branch.<name>.fetch option is used to specify a non-default
+refspec.
+
+* Using refspecs explicitly:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp
+------------------------------------------------
++
+This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `pu` and `tmp` in
+the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
+`pu` and `maint` from the remote repository.
++
+The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward,
+because it is prefixed with a plus sign; `tmp` will not be.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-pull[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..020028c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+git-filter-branch(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-filter-branch - Rewrite branches
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git filter-branch' [--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
+	[--index-filter <command>] [--parent-filter <command>]
+	[--msg-filter <command>] [--commit-filter <command>]
+	[--tag-name-filter <command>] [--subdirectory-filter <directory>]
+	[--prune-empty]
+	[--original <namespace>] [-d <directory>] [-f | --force]
+	[--] [<rev-list options>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
+in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision.
+Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
+a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
+Otherwise, all information (including original commit times or merge
+information) will be preserved.
+
+The command will only rewrite the _positive_ refs mentioned in the
+command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten).
+If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any
+changes, which would normally have no effect.  Nevertheless, this may be
+useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such,
+therefore such a usage is permitted.
+
+*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts`. If you have any grafts
+defined, running this command will make them permanent.
+
+*WARNING*! The rewritten history will have different object names for all
+the objects and will not converge with the original branch.  You will not
+be able to easily push and distribute the rewritten branch on top of the
+original branch.  Please do not use this command if you do not know the
+full implications, and avoid using it anyway, if a simple single commit
+would suffice to fix your problem.  (See the "RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM
+REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for further information about
+rewriting published history.)
+
+Always verify that the rewritten version is correct: The original refs,
+if different from the rewritten ones, will be stored in the namespace
+'refs/original/'.
+
+Note that since this operation is very I/O expensive, it might
+be a good idea to redirect the temporary directory off-disk with the
+'-d' option, e.g. on tmpfs.  Reportedly the speedup is very noticeable.
+
+
+Filters
+~~~~~~~
+
+The filters are applied in the order as listed below.  The <command>
+argument is always evaluated in the shell context using the 'eval' command
+(with the notable exception of the commit filter, for technical reasons).
+Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
+the id of the commit being rewritten.  Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
+and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.  The values
+of these variables after the filters have run, are used for the new commit.
+If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status, the whole
+operation will be aborted.
+
+A 'map' function is available that takes an "original sha1 id" argument
+and outputs a "rewritten sha1 id" if the commit has been already
+rewritten, and "original sha1 id" otherwise; the 'map' function can
+return several ids on separate lines if your commit filter emitted
+multiple commits.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--env-filter <command>::
+	This filter may be used if you only need to modify the environment
+	in which the commit will be performed.  Specifically, you might
+	want to rewrite the author/committer name/email/time environment
+	variables (see linkgit:git-commit[1] for details).  Do not forget
+	to re-export the variables.
+
+--tree-filter <command>::
+	This is the filter for rewriting the tree and its contents.
+	The argument is evaluated in shell with the working
+	directory set to the root of the checked out tree.  The new tree
+	is then used as-is (new files are auto-added, disappeared files
+	are auto-removed - neither .gitignore files nor any other ignore
+	rules *HAVE ANY EFFECT*!).
+
+--index-filter <command>::
+	This is the filter for rewriting the index.  It is similar to the
+	tree filter but does not check out the tree, which makes it much
+	faster.  Frequently used with `git rm \--cached
+	\--ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below.  For hairy
+	cases, see linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+
+--parent-filter <command>::
+	This is the filter for rewriting the commit's parent list.
+	It will receive the parent string on stdin and shall output
+	the new parent string on stdout.  The parent string is in
+	the format described in linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]: empty for
+	the initial commit, "-p parent" for a normal commit and
+	"-p parent1 -p parent2 -p parent3 ..." for a merge commit.
+
+--msg-filter <command>::
+	This is the filter for rewriting the commit messages.
+	The argument is evaluated in the shell with the original
+	commit message on standard input; its standard output is
+	used as the new commit message.
+
+--commit-filter <command>::
+	This is the filter for performing the commit.
+	If this filter is specified, it will be called instead of the
+	'git commit-tree' command, with arguments of the form
+	"<TREE_ID> [-p <PARENT_COMMIT_ID>]..." and the log message on
+	stdin.  The commit id is expected on stdout.
++
+As a special extension, the commit filter may emit multiple
+commit ids; in that case, the rewritten children of the original commit will
+have all of them as parents.
++
+You can use the 'map' convenience function in this filter, and other
+convenience functions, too.  For example, calling 'skip_commit "$@"'
+will leave out the current commit (but not its changes! If you want
+that, use 'git rebase' instead).
++
+You can also use the `git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"` instead of
+`git commit-tree "$@"` if you don't wish to keep commits with a single parent
+and that makes no change to the tree.
+
+--tag-name-filter <command>::
+	This is the filter for rewriting tag names. When passed,
+	it will be called for every tag ref that points to a rewritten
+	object (or to a tag object which points to a rewritten object).
+	The original tag name is passed via standard input, and the new
+	tag name is expected on standard output.
++
+The original tags are not deleted, but can be overwritten;
+use "--tag-name-filter cat" to simply update the tags.  In this
+case, be very careful and make sure you have the old tags
+backed up in case the conversion has run afoul.
++
+Nearly proper rewriting of tag objects is supported. If the tag has
+a message attached, a new tag object will be created with the same message,
+author, and timestamp. If the tag has a signature attached, the
+signature will be stripped. It is by definition impossible to preserve
+signatures. The reason this is "nearly" proper, is because ideally if
+the tag did not change (points to the same object, has the same name, etc.)
+it should retain any signature. That is not the case, signatures will always
+be removed, buyer beware. There is also no support for changing the
+author or timestamp (or the tag message for that matter). Tags which point
+to other tags will be rewritten to point to the underlying commit.
+
+--subdirectory-filter <directory>::
+	Only look at the history which touches the given subdirectory.
+	The result will contain that directory (and only that) as its
+	project root.  Implies --remap-to-ancestor.
+
+--remap-to-ancestor::
+	Rewrite refs to the nearest rewritten ancestor instead of
+	ignoring them.
++
+Normally, positive refs on the command line are only changed if the
+commit they point to was rewritten.  However, you can limit the extent
+of this rewriting by using linkgit:rev-list[1] arguments, e.g., path
+limiters.  Refs pointing to such excluded commits would then normally
+be ignored.  With this option, they are instead rewritten to point at
+the nearest ancestor that was not excluded.
+
+--prune-empty::
+	Some kind of filters will generate empty commits, that left the tree
+	untouched.  This switch allow git-filter-branch to ignore such
+	commits.  Though, this switch only applies for commits that have one
+	and only one parent, it will hence keep merges points. Also, this
+	option is not compatible with the use of '--commit-filter'. Though you
+	just need to use the function 'git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"' instead
+	of the `git commit-tree "$@"` idiom in your commit filter to make that
+	happen.
+
+--original <namespace>::
+	Use this option to set the namespace where the original commits
+	will be stored. The default value is 'refs/original'.
+
+-d <directory>::
+	Use this option to set the path to the temporary directory used for
+	rewriting.  When applying a tree filter, the command needs to
+	temporarily check out the tree to some directory, which may consume
+	considerable space in case of large projects.  By default it
+	does this in the '.git-rewrite/' directory but you can override
+	that choice by this parameter.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	'git filter-branch' refuses to start with an existing temporary
+	directory or when there are already refs starting with
+	'refs/original/', unless forced.
+
+<rev-list options>...::
+	Arguments for 'git rev-list'.  All positive refs included by
+	these options are rewritten.  You may also specify options
+	such as '--all', but you must use '--' to separate them from
+	the 'git filter-branch' options.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Suppose you want to remove a file (containing confidential information
+or copyright violation) from all commits:
+
+-------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --tree-filter 'rm filename' HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+However, if the file is absent from the tree of some commit,
+a simple `rm filename` will fail for that tree and commit.
+Thus you may instead want to use `rm -f filename` as the script.
+
+Using `\--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster
+version.  Like with using `rm filename`, `git rm --cached filename`
+will fail if the file is absent from the tree of a commit.  If you
+want to "completely forget" a file, it does not matter when it entered
+history, so we also add `\--ignore-unmatch`:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch filename' HEAD
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Now, you will get the rewritten history saved in HEAD.
+
+To rewrite the repository to look as if `foodir/` had been its project
+root, and discard all other history:
+
+-------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter foodir -- --all
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+Thus you can, e.g., turn a library subdirectory into a repository of
+its own.  Note the `\--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from
+revision options, and the `\--all` to rewrite all branches and tags.
+
+To set a commit (which typically is at the tip of another
+history) to be the parent of the current initial commit, in
+order to paste the other history behind the current history:
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --parent-filter 'sed "s/^\$/-p <graft-id>/"' HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(if the parent string is empty - which happens when we are dealing with
+the initial commit - add graftcommit as a parent).  Note that this assumes
+history with a single root (that is, no merge without common ancestors
+happened).  If this is not the case, use:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --parent-filter \
+	'test $GIT_COMMIT = <commit-id> && echo "-p <graft-id>" || cat' HEAD
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+or even simpler:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+echo "$commit-id $graft-id" >> .git/info/grafts
+git filter-branch $graft-id..HEAD
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+To remove commits authored by "Darl McBribe" from the history:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --commit-filter '
+	if [ "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" = "Darl McBribe" ];
+	then
+		skip_commit "$@";
+	else
+		git commit-tree "$@";
+	fi' HEAD
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The function 'skip_commit' is defined as follows:
+
+--------------------------
+skip_commit()
+{
+	shift;
+	while [ -n "$1" ];
+	do
+		shift;
+		map "$1";
+		shift;
+	done;
+}
+--------------------------
+
+The shift magic first throws away the tree id and then the -p
+parameters.  Note that this handles merges properly! In case Darl
+committed a merge between P1 and P2, it will be propagated properly
+and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2
+as their parents instead of the merge commit.
+
+You can rewrite the commit log messages using `--msg-filter`.  For
+example, 'git svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git svn' can
+be removed this way:
+
+-------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --msg-filter '
+	sed -e "/^git-svn-id:/d"
+'
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
+range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
+point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
+will print.
+
+If you need to add 'Acked-by' lines to, say, the last 10 commits (none
+of which is a merge), use this command:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --msg-filter '
+	cat &&
+	echo "Acked-by: Bugs Bunny <bunny@bugzilla.org>"
+' HEAD~10..HEAD
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
+by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
+to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
+interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+
+
+Consider this history:
+
+------------------
+     D--E--F--G--H
+    /     /
+A--B-----C
+------------------
+
+To rewrite only commits D,E,F,G,H, but leave A, B and C alone, use:
+
+--------------------------------
+git filter-branch ... C..H
+--------------------------------
+
+To rewrite commits E,F,G,H, use one of these:
+
+----------------------------------------
+git filter-branch ... C..H --not D
+git filter-branch ... D..H --not C
+----------------------------------------
+
+To move the whole tree into a subdirectory, or remove it from there:
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --index-filter \
+	'git ls-files -s | sed "s-\t\"*-&newsubdir/-" |
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new \
+			git update-index --index-info &&
+	 mv $GIT_INDEX_FILE.new $GIT_INDEX_FILE' HEAD
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+Checklist for Shrinking a Repository
+------------------------------------
+
+git-filter-branch is often used to get rid of a subset of files,
+usually with some combination of `\--index-filter` and
+`\--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
+be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
+actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your
+objects until you tell it to.  First make sure that:
+
+* You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
+  over its lifetime.  `git log \--name-only \--follow \--all \--
+  filename` can help you find renames.
+
+* You really filtered all refs: use `\--tag-name-filter cat \--
+  \--all` when calling git-filter-branch.
+
+Then there are two ways to get a smaller repository.  A safer way is
+to clone, that keeps your original intact.
+
+* Clone it with `git clone +++file:///path/to/repo+++`.  The clone
+  will not have the removed objects.  See linkgit:git-clone[1].  (Note
+  that cloning with a plain path just hardlinks everything!)
+
+If you really don't want to clone it, for whatever reasons, check the
+following points instead (in this order).  This is a very destructive
+approach, so *make a backup* or go back to cloning it.  You have been
+warned.
+
+* Remove the original refs backed up by git-filter-branch: say `git
+  for-each-ref \--format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git
+  update-ref -d`.
+
+* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire \--expire=now \--all`.
+
+* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc \--prune=now`
+  (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to
+  `\--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead).
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Petr "Pasky" Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>,
+and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Petr Baudis and the git list.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a585dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+git-fmt-merge-msg(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fmt-merge-msg - Produce a merge commit message
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git fmt-merge-msg' [--log | --no-log] <$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD
+'git fmt-merge-msg' [--log | --no-log] -F <file>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Takes the list of merged objects on stdin and produces a suitable
+commit message to be used for the merge commit, usually to be
+passed as the '<merge-message>' argument of 'git merge'.
+
+This command is intended mostly for internal use by scripts
+automatically invoking 'git merge'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--log::
+	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with
+	one-line descriptions from the actual commits that are being
+	merged.
+
+--no-log::
+	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
+	merged.
+
+--summary::
+--no-summary::
+	Synonyms to --log and --no-log; these are deprecated and will be
+	removed in the future.
+
+-F <file>::
+--file <file>::
+	Take the list of merged objects from <file> instead of
+	stdin.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+merge.log::
+	Whether to include summaries of merged commits in newly
+	merge commit messages. False by default.
+
+merge.summary::
+	Synonym to `merge.log`; this is deprecated and will be removed in
+	the future.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-merge[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Petr Baudis, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e83288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+git-for-each-ref(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-for-each-ref - Output information on each ref
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git for-each-ref' [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
+		   [--sort=<key>]\* [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Iterate over all refs that match `<pattern>` and show them
+according to the given `<format>`, after sorting them according
+to the given set of `<key>`.  If `<count>` is given, stop after
+showing that many refs.  The interpolated values in `<format>`
+can optionally be quoted as string literals in the specified
+host language allowing their direct evaluation in that language.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<count>::
+	By default the command shows all refs that match
+	`<pattern>`.  This option makes it stop after showing
+	that many refs.
+
+<key>::
+	A field name to sort on.  Prefix `-` to sort in
+	descending order of the value.  When unspecified,
+	`refname` is used.  You may use the --sort=<key> option
+	multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
+	key.
+
+<format>::
+	A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from the
+	object pointed at by a ref being shown.  If `fieldname`
+	is prefixed with an asterisk (`*`) and the ref points
+	at a tag object, the value for the field in the object
+	tag refers is used.  When unspecified, defaults to
+	`%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname)`.
+	It also interpolates `%%` to `%`, and `%xx` where `xx`
+	are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code
+	`xx`; for example `%00` interpolates to `\0` (NUL),
+	`%09` to `\t` (TAB) and `%0a` to `\n` (LF).
+
+<pattern>...::
+	If one or more patterns are given, only refs are shown that
+	match against at least one pattern, either using fnmatch(3) or
+	literally, in the latter case matching completely or from the
+	beginning up to a slash.
+
+--shell::
+--perl::
+--python::
+--tcl::
+	If given, strings that substitute `%(fieldname)`
+	placeholders are quoted as string literals suitable for
+	the specified host language.  This is meant to produce
+	a scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
+
+
+FIELD NAMES
+-----------
+
+Various values from structured fields in referenced objects can
+be used to interpolate into the resulting output, or as sort
+keys.
+
+For all objects, the following names can be used:
+
+refname::
+	The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/).
+	For a non-ambiguous short name of the ref append `:short`.
+	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+	abbreviation mode.
+
+objecttype::
+	The type of the object (`blob`, `tree`, `commit`, `tag`).
+
+objectsize::
+	The size of the object (the same as 'git cat-file -s' reports).
+
+objectname::
+	The object name (aka SHA-1).
+
+upstream::
+	The name of a local ref which can be considered ``upstream''
+	from the displayed ref. Respects `:short` in the same way as
+	`refname` above.
+
+In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header
+field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can
+be used to specify the value in the header field.
+
+Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`,
+`committer`, and `tagger`) can be suffixed with `name`, `email`,
+and `date` to extract the named component.
+
+The first line of the message in a commit and tag object is
+`subject`, the remaining lines are `body`.  The whole message
+is `contents`.
+
+For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric
+order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`).
+All other fields are used to sort in their byte-value order.
+
+In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to
+the object referred by the ref does not cause an error.  It
+returns an empty string instead.
+
+As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
+the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
+`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
+`%(taggerdate:relative)`.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+An example directly producing formatted text.  Show the most recent
+3 tagged commits::
+
+------------
+#!/bin/sh
+
+git for-each-ref --count=3 --sort='-*authordate' \
+--format='From: %(*authorname) %(*authoremail)
+Subject: %(*subject)
+Date: %(*authordate)
+Ref: %(*refname)
+
+%(*body)
+' 'refs/tags'
+------------
+
+
+A simple example showing the use of shell eval on the output,
+demonstrating the use of --shell.  List the prefixes of all heads::
+------------
+#!/bin/sh
+
+git for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname)" refs/heads | \
+while read entry
+do
+	eval "$entry"
+	echo `dirname $ref`
+done
+------------
+
+
+A bit more elaborate report on tags, demonstrating that the format
+may be an entire script::
+------------
+#!/bin/sh
+
+fmt='
+	r=%(refname)
+	t=%(*objecttype)
+	T=${r#refs/tags/}
+
+	o=%(*objectname)
+	n=%(*authorname)
+	e=%(*authoremail)
+	s=%(*subject)
+	d=%(*authordate)
+	b=%(*body)
+
+	kind=Tag
+	if test "z$t" = z
+	then
+		# could be a lightweight tag
+		t=%(objecttype)
+		kind="Lightweight tag"
+		o=%(objectname)
+		n=%(authorname)
+		e=%(authoremail)
+		s=%(subject)
+		d=%(authordate)
+		b=%(body)
+	fi
+	echo "$kind $T points at a $t object $o"
+	if test "z$t" = zcommit
+	then
+		echo "The commit was authored by $n $e
+at $d, and titled
+
+    $s
+
+Its message reads as:
+"
+		echo "$b" | sed -e "s/^/    /"
+		echo
+	fi
+'
+
+eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
+	--sort='*objecttype' \
+	--sort=-taggerdate \
+	refs/tags`
+eval "$eval"
+------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9674f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+git-format-patch(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-format-patch - Prepare patches for e-mail submission
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git format-patch' [-k] [(-o|--output-directory) <dir> | --stdout]
+		   [--no-thread | --thread[=<style>]]
+		   [(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach]
+		   [-s | --signoff]
+		   [-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered]
+		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
+		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
+		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
+		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--cc=<email>]
+		   [--cover-letter]
+		   [<common diff options>]
+		   [ <since> | <revision range> ]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Prepare each commit with its patch in
+one file per commit, formatted to resemble UNIX mailbox format.
+The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or
+for use with 'git am'.
+
+There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
+
+1. A single commit, <since>, specifies that the commits leading
+   to the tip of the current branch that are not in the history
+   that leads to the <since> to be output.
+
+2. Generic <revision range> expression (see "SPECIFYING
+   REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]) means the
+   commits in the specified range.
+
+The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>.  To
+apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of
+history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: `git format-patch
+\--root <commit>`.  If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
+can do this with `git format-patch -1 <commit>`.
+
+By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the
+first line of the commit message (massaged for pathname safety) as
+the filename. With the `--numbered-files` option, the output file names
+will only be numbers, without the first line of the commit appended.
+The names of the output files are printed to standard
+output, unless the `--stdout` option is specified.
+
+If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>.  Otherwise
+they are created in the current working directory.
+
+By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and
+the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First
+Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.  To omit
+patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
+
+If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and
+`References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
+as replies to the first mail; this also generates a `Message-Id` header to
+reference.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+:git-format-patch: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+-<n>::
+	Limits the number of patches to prepare.
+
+-o <dir>::
+--output-directory <dir>::
+	Use <dir> to store the resulting files, instead of the
+	current working directory.
+
+-n::
+--numbered::
+	Name output in '[PATCH n/m]' format, even with a single patch.
+
+-N::
+--no-numbered::
+	Name output in '[PATCH]' format.
+
+--start-number <n>::
+	Start numbering the patches at <n> instead of 1.
+
+--numbered-files::
+	Output file names will be a simple number sequence
+	without the default first line of the commit appended.
+
+-k::
+--keep-subject::
+	Do not strip/add '[PATCH]' from the first line of the
+	commit log message.
+
+-s::
+--signoff::
+	Add `Signed-off-by:` line to the commit message, using
+	the committer identity of yourself.
+
+--stdout::
+	Print all commits to the standard output in mbox format,
+	instead of creating a file for each one.
+
+--attach[=<boundary>]::
+	Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
+	which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
+	second part, with `Content-Disposition: attachment`.
+
+--no-attach::
+	Disable the creation of an attachment, overriding the
+	configuration setting.
+
+--inline[=<boundary>]::
+	Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of
+	which is the commit message and the patch itself in the
+	second part, with `Content-Disposition: inline`.
+
+--thread[=<style>]::
+--no-thread::
+	Controls addition of `In-Reply-To` and `References` headers to
+	make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the
+	first.  Also controls generation of the `Message-Id` header to
+	reference.
++
+The optional <style> argument can be either `shallow` or `deep`.
+'shallow' threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the
+series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
+`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.  'deep'
+threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
++
+The default is `--no-thread`, unless the 'format.thread' configuration
+is set.  If `--thread` is specified without a style, it defaults to the
+style specified by 'format.thread' if any, or else `shallow`.
++
+Beware that the default for 'git send-email' is to thread emails
+itself.  If you want `git format-patch` to take care of threading, you
+will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
+
+--in-reply-to=Message-Id::
+	Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
+	reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
+	provide a new patch series.
+
+--ignore-if-in-upstream::
+	Do not include a patch that matches a commit in
+	<until>..<since>.  This will examine all patches reachable
+	from <since> but not from <until> and compare them with the
+	patches being generated, and any patch that matches is
+	ignored.
+
+--subject-prefix=<Subject-Prefix>::
+	Instead of the standard '[PATCH]' prefix in the subject
+	line, instead use '[<Subject-Prefix>]'. This
+	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
+	combined with the `--numbered` option.
+
+--cc=<email>::
+	Add a `Cc:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
+	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
+
+--add-header=<header>::
+	Add an arbitrary header to the email headers.  This is in addition
+	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
+	For example, `--add-header="Organization: git-foo"`
+
+--cover-letter::
+	In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
+	containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
+	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
+
+--suffix=.<sfx>::
+	Instead of using `.patch` as the suffix for generated
+	filenames, use specified suffix.  A common alternative is
+	`--suffix=.txt`.  Leaving this empty will remove the `.patch`
+	suffix.
++
+Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example,
+you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
+
+--no-binary::
+	Do not output contents of changes in binary files, instead
+	display a notice that those files changed.  Patches generated
+	using this option cannot be applied properly, but they are
+	still useful for code review.
+
+--root::
+	Treat the revision argument as a <revision range>, even if it
+	is just a single commit (that would normally be treated as a
+	<since>).  Note that root commits included in the specified
+	range are always formatted as creation patches, independently
+	of this flag.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+You can specify extra mail header lines to be added to each message,
+defaults for the subject prefix and file suffix, number patches when
+outputting more than one patch, add "Cc:" headers, configure attachments,
+and sign off patches with configuration variables.
+
+------------
+[format]
+	headers = "Organization: git-foo\n"
+	subjectprefix = CHANGE
+	suffix = .txt
+	numbered = auto
+	cc = <email>
+	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
+	signoff = true
+------------
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Extract commits between revisions R1 and R2, and apply them on top of
+the current branch using 'git am' to cherry-pick them:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch -k --stdout R1..R2 | git am -3 -k
+------------
+
+* Extract all commits which are in the current branch but not in the
+origin branch:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch origin
+------------
++
+For each commit a separate file is created in the current directory.
+
+* Extract all commits that lead to 'origin' since the inception of the
+project:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch --root origin
+------------
+
+* The same as the previous one:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch -M -B origin
+------------
++
+Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
+intelligently to produce a renaming patch.  A renaming patch reduces
+the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
+Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
+use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
+
+* Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
+as e-mailable patches:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch -3
+------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-send-email[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck-objects.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..965a827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck-objects.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+git-fsck-objects(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fsck-objects - Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git fsck-objects' ...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This is a synonym for linkgit:git-fsck[1].  Please refer to the
+documentation of that command.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad48a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+git-fsck(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-fsck - Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git fsck' [--tags] [--root] [--unreachable] [--cache] [--no-reflogs]
+	 [--[no-]full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found] [<object>*]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<object>::
+	An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
++
+If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
+index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
+--no-reflogs is given) as heads.
+
+--unreachable::
+	Print out objects that exist but that aren't readable from any
+	of the reference nodes.
+
+--root::
+	Report root nodes.
+
+--tags::
+	Report tags.
+
+--cache::
+	Consider any object recorded in the index also as a head node for
+	an unreachability trace.
+
+--no-reflogs::
+	Do not consider commits that are referenced only by an
+	entry in a reflog to be reachable.  This option is meant
+	only to search for commits that used to be in a ref, but
+	now aren't, but are still in that corresponding reflog.
+
+--full::
+	Check not just objects in GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
+	($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate
+	object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
+	or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
+	and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
+	and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
+	object pools.  This is now default; you can turn it off
+	with --no-full.
+
+--strict::
+	Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
+	recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older
+	versions of git.  Existing repositories, including the
+	Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old
+	objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended
+	to check new projects with this flag.
+
+--verbose::
+	Be chatty.
+
+--lost-found::
+	Write dangling objects into .git/lost-found/commit/ or
+	.git/lost-found/other/, depending on type.  If the object is
+	a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than
+	its object name.
+
+It tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking of
+the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any
+corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
+'--unreachable' flag it will also print out objects that exist but
+that aren't readable from any of the specified head nodes.
+
+So for example
+
+	git fsck --unreachable HEAD \
+		$(git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads)
+
+will do quite a _lot_ of verification on the tree. There are a few
+extra validity tests to be added (make sure that tree objects are
+sorted properly etc), but on the whole if 'git fsck' is happy, you
+do have a valid tree.
+
+Any corrupt objects you will have to find in backups or other archives
+(i.e., you can just remove them and do an 'rsync' with some other site in
+the hopes that somebody else has the object you have corrupted).
+
+Of course, "valid tree" doesn't mean that it wasn't generated by some
+evil person, and the end result might be crap. git is a revision
+tracking system, not a quality assurance system ;)
+
+Extracted Diagnostics
+---------------------
+
+expect dangling commits - potential heads - due to lack of head information::
+	You haven't specified any nodes as heads so it won't be
+	possible to differentiate between un-parented commits and
+	root nodes.
+
+missing sha1 directory '<dir>'::
+	The directory holding the sha1 objects is missing.
+
+unreachable <type> <object>::
+	The <type> object <object>, isn't actually referred to directly
+	or indirectly in any of the trees or commits seen. This can
+	mean that there's another root node that you're not specifying
+	or that the tree is corrupt. If you haven't missed a root node
+	then you might as well delete unreachable nodes since they
+	can't be used.
+
+missing <type> <object>::
+	The <type> object <object>, is referred to but isn't present in
+	the database.
+
+dangling <type> <object>::
+	The <type> object <object>, is present in the database but never
+	'directly' used. A dangling commit could be a root node.
+
+warning: git-fsck: tree <tree> has full pathnames in it::
+	And it shouldn't...
+
+sha1 mismatch <object>::
+	The database has an object who's sha1 doesn't match the
+	database value.
+	This indicates a serious data integrity problem.
+
+Environment Variables
+---------------------
+
+GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY::
+	used to specify the object database root (usually $GIT_DIR/objects)
+
+GIT_INDEX_FILE::
+	used to specify the index file of the index
+
+GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES::
+	used to specify additional object database roots (usually unset)
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..189573a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+git-gc(1)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository,
+such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase
+performance) and removing unreachable objects which may have been
+created from prior invocations of 'git add'.
+
+Users are encouraged to run this task on a regular basis within
+each repository to maintain good disk space utilization and good
+operating performance.
+
+Some git commands may automatically run 'git gc'; see the `--auto` flag
+below for details. If you know what you're doing and all you want is to
+disable this behavior permanently without further considerations, just do:
+
+----------------------
+$ git config --global gc.auto 0
+----------------------
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--aggressive::
+	Usually 'git gc' runs very quickly while providing good disk
+	space utilization and performance.  This option will cause
+	'git gc' to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense
+	of taking much more time.  The effects of this optimization are
+	persistent, so this option only needs to be used occasionally; every
+	few hundred changesets or so.
+
+--auto::
+	With this option, 'git gc' checks whether any housekeeping is
+	required; if not, it exits without performing any work.
+	Some git commands run `git gc --auto` after performing
+	operations that could create many loose objects.
++
+Housekeeping is required if there are too many loose objects or
+too many packs in the repository. If the number of loose objects
+exceeds the value of the `gc.auto` configuration variable, then
+all loose objects are combined into a single pack using
+`git repack -d -l`.  Setting the value of `gc.auto` to 0
+disables automatic packing of loose objects.
++
+If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autopacklimit`,
+then existing packs (except those marked with a `.keep` file)
+are consolidated into a single pack by using the `-A` option of
+'git repack'. Setting `gc.autopacklimit` to 0 disables
+automatic consolidation of packs.
+
+--prune=<date>::
+	Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago,
+	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).  This
+	option is on by default.
+
+--no-prune::
+	Do not prune any loose objects.
+
+--quiet::
+	Suppress all progress reports.
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.reflogExpire' can be
+set to indicate how long historical entries within each branch's
+reflog should remain available in this repository.  The setting is
+expressed as a length of time, for example '90 days' or '3 months'.
+It defaults to '90 days'.
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.reflogExpireUnreachable'
+can be set to indicate how long historical reflog entries which
+are not part of the current branch should remain available in
+this repository.  These types of entries are generally created as
+a result of using `git commit \--amend` or `git rebase` and are the
+commits prior to the amend or rebase occurring.  Since these changes
+are not part of the current project most users will want to expire
+them sooner.  This option defaults to '30 days'.
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereresolved' indicates
+how long records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
+kept.  This defaults to 60 days.
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereunresolved' indicates
+how long records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
+kept.  This defaults to 15 days.
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.packrefs' determines if
+'git gc' runs 'git pack-refs'. This can be set to "nobare" to enable
+it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a boolean value.
+This defaults to true.
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.aggressiveWindow' controls how
+much time is spent optimizing the delta compression of the objects in
+the repository when the --aggressive option is specified.  The larger
+the value, the more time is spent optimizing the delta compression.  See
+the documentation for the --window' option in linkgit:git-repack[1] for
+more details.  This defaults to 250.
+
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.pruneExpire' controls how old
+the unreferenced loose objects have to be before they are pruned.  The
+default is "2 weeks ago".
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+'git gc' tries very hard to be safe about the garbage it collects. In
+particular, it will keep not only objects referenced by your current set
+of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index, remote
+tracking branches, refs saved by 'git filter-branch' in
+refs/original/, or reflogs (which may reference commits in branches
+that were later amended or rewound).
+
+If you are expecting some objects to be collected and they aren't, check
+all of those locations and decide whether it makes sense in your case to
+remove those references.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-prune[1]
+linkgit:git-reflog[1]
+linkgit:git-repack[1]
+linkgit:git-rerere[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt b/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..790af95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-get-tar-commit-id.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+git-get-tar-commit-id(1)
+========================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-get-tar-commit-id - Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git get-tar-commit-id' < <tarfile>
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Acts as a filter, extracting the commit ID stored in archives created by
+'git archive'.  It reads only the first 1024 bytes of input, thus its
+runtime is not influenced by the size of <tarfile> very much.
+
+If no commit ID is found, 'git get-tar-commit-id' quietly exists with a
+return code of 1.  This can happen if <tarfile> had not been created
+using 'git archive' or if the first parameter of 'git archive' had been
+a tree ID instead of a commit ID or tag.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Rene Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e019e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+git-grep(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-grep - Print lines matching a pattern
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git grep' [--cached]
+	   [-a | --text] [-I] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
+	   [-v | --invert-match] [-h|-H] [--full-name]
+	   [-E | --extended-regexp] [-G | --basic-regexp]
+	   [-F | --fixed-strings] [-n]
+	   [-l | --files-with-matches] [-L | --files-without-match]
+	   [-z | --null]
+	   [-c | --count] [--all-match] [-q | --quiet]
+	   [--max-depth <depth>]
+	   [--color | --no-color]
+	   [-A <post-context>] [-B <pre-context>] [-C <context>]
+	   [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
+	   [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...] [<tree>...]
+	   [--] [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Look for specified patterns in the working tree files, blobs
+registered in the index file, or given tree objects.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--cached::
+	Instead of searching in the working tree files, check
+	the blobs registered in the index file.
+
+-a::
+--text::
+	Process binary files as if they were text.
+
+-i::
+--ignore-case::
+	Ignore case differences between the patterns and the
+	files.
+
+-I::
+	Don't match the pattern in binary files.
+
+--max-depth <depth>::
+	For each pathspec given on command line, descend at most <depth>
+	levels of directories. A negative value means no limit.
+
+-w::
+--word-regexp::
+	Match the pattern only at word boundary (either begin at the
+	beginning of a line, or preceded by a non-word character; end at
+	the end of a line or followed by a non-word character).
+
+-v::
+--invert-match::
+	Select non-matching lines.
+
+-h::
+-H::
+	By default, the command shows the filename for each
+	match.  `-h` option is used to suppress this output.
+	`-H` is there for completeness and does not do anything
+	except it overrides `-h` given earlier on the command
+	line.
+
+--full-name::
+	When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
+	outputs paths relative to the current directory.  This
+	option forces paths to be output relative to the project
+	top directory.
+
+-E::
+--extended-regexp::
+-G::
+--basic-regexp::
+	Use POSIX extended/basic regexp for patterns.  Default
+	is to use basic regexp.
+
+-F::
+--fixed-strings::
+	Use fixed strings for patterns (don't interpret pattern
+	as a regex).
+
+-n::
+	Prefix the line number to matching lines.
+
+-l::
+--files-with-matches::
+--name-only::
+-L::
+--files-without-match::
+	Instead of showing every matched line, show only the
+	names of files that contain (or do not contain) matches.
+	For better compatibility with 'git diff', --name-only is a
+	synonym for --files-with-matches.
+
+-z::
+--null::
+	Output \0 instead of the character that normally follows a
+	file name.
+
+-c::
+--count::
+	Instead of showing every matched line, show the number of
+	lines that match.
+
+--color::
+	Show colored matches.
+
+--no-color::
+	Turn off match highlighting, even when the configuration file
+	gives the default to color output.
+
+-[ABC] <context>::
+	Show `context` trailing (`A` -- after), or leading (`B`
+	-- before), or both (`C` -- context) lines, and place a
+	line containing `--` between contiguous groups of
+	matches.
+
+-<num>::
+	A shortcut for specifying -C<num>.
+
+-p::
+--show-function::
+	Show the preceding line that contains the function name of
+	the match, unless the matching line is a function name itself.
+	The name is determined in the same way as 'git diff' works out
+	patch hunk headers (see 'Defining a custom hunk-header' in
+	linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
+
+-f <file>::
+	Read patterns from <file>, one per line.
+
+-e::
+	The next parameter is the pattern. This option has to be
+	used for patterns starting with - and should be used in
+	scripts passing user input to grep.  Multiple patterns are
+	combined by 'or'.
+
+--and::
+--or::
+--not::
+( ... )::
+	Specify how multiple patterns are combined using Boolean
+	expressions.  `--or` is the default operator.  `--and` has
+	higher precedence than `--or`.  `-e` has to be used for all
+	patterns.
+
+--all-match::
+	When giving multiple pattern expressions combined with `--or`,
+	this flag is specified to limit the match to files that
+	have lines to match all of them.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Do not output matched lines; instead, exit with status 0 when
+	there is a match and with non-zero status when there isn't.
+
+`<tree>...`::
+	Search blobs in the trees for specified patterns.
+
+\--::
+	Signals the end of options; the rest of the parameters
+	are <path> limiters.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+git grep -e \'#define\' --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)::
+	Looks for a line that has `#define` and either `MAX_PATH` or
+	`PATH_MAX`.
+
+git grep --all-match -e NODE -e Unexpected::
+	Looks for a line that has `NODE` or `Unexpected` in
+	files that have lines that match both.
+
+Author
+------
+Originally written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>, later
+revamped by Junio C Hamano.
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2563710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+git-gui(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-gui - A portable graphical interface to Git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git gui' [<command>] [arguments]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A Tcl/Tk based graphical user interface to Git.  'git gui' focuses
+on allowing users to make changes to their repository by making
+new commits, amending existing ones, creating branches, performing
+local merges, and fetching/pushing to remote repositories.
+
+Unlike 'gitk', 'git gui' focuses on commit generation
+and single file annotation and does not show project history.
+It does however supply menu actions to start a 'gitk' session from
+within 'git gui'.
+
+'git gui' is known to work on all popular UNIX systems, Mac OS X,
+and Windows (under both Cygwin and MSYS).  To the extent possible
+OS specific user interface guidelines are followed, making 'git gui'
+a fairly native interface for users.
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+blame::
+	Start a blame viewer on the specified file on the given
+	version (or working directory if not specified).
+
+browser::
+	Start a tree browser showing all files in the specified
+	commit (or 'HEAD' by default).  Files selected through the
+	browser are opened in the blame viewer.
+
+citool::
+	Start 'git gui' and arrange to make exactly one commit before
+	exiting and returning to the shell.  The interface is limited
+	to only commit actions, slightly reducing the application's
+	startup time and simplifying the menubar.
+
+version::
+	Display the currently running version of 'git gui'.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+git gui blame Makefile::
+
+	Show the contents of the file 'Makefile' in the current
+	working directory, and provide annotations for both the
+	original author of each line, and who moved the line to its
+	current location.  The uncommitted file is annotated, and
+	uncommitted changes (if any) are explicitly attributed to
+	'Not Yet Committed'.
+
+git gui blame v0.99.8 Makefile::
+
+	Show the contents of 'Makefile' in revision 'v0.99.8'
+	and provide annotations for each line.  Unlike the above
+	example the file is read from the object database and not
+	the working directory.
+
+git gui blame --line=100 Makefile::
+
+	Loads annotations as described above and automatically
+	scrolls the view to center on line '100'.
+
+git gui citool::
+
+	Make one commit and return to the shell when it is complete.
+	This command returns a non-zero exit code if the window was
+	closed in any way other than by making a commit.
+
+git gui citool --amend::
+
+	Automatically enter the 'Amend Last Commit' mode of
+	the interface.
+
+git gui citool --nocommit::
+
+	Behave as normal citool, but instead of making a commit
+	simply terminate with a zero exit code. It still checks
+	that the index does not contain any unmerged entries, so
+	you can use it as a GUI version of linkgit:git-mergetool[1]
+
+git citool::
+
+	Same as `git gui citool` (above).
+
+git gui browser maint::
+
+	Show a browser for the tree of the 'maint' branch.  Files
+	selected in the browser can be viewed with the internal
+	blame viewer.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitk[1]::
+	The git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
+	and file differences.  gitk is the utility started by
+	'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
+
+Other
+-----
+'git gui' is actually maintained as an independent project, but stable
+versions are distributed as part of the Git suite for the convenience
+of end users.
+
+A 'git gui' development repository can be obtained from:
+
+  git clone git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+
+or
+
+  git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/git-gui.git
+
+or browsed online at http://repo.or.cz/w/git-gui.git/[].
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..479fce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+git-hash-object(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-hash-object - Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git hash-object' [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>...
+'git hash-object' [-t <type>] [-w] --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Computes the object ID value for an object with specified type
+with the contents of the named file (which can be outside of the
+work tree), and optionally writes the resulting object into the
+object database.  Reports its object ID to its standard output.
+This is used by 'git cvsimport' to update the index
+without modifying files in the work tree.  When <type> is not
+specified, it defaults to "blob".
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-t <type>::
+	Specify the type (default: "blob").
+
+-w::
+	Actually write the object into the object database.
+
+--stdin::
+	Read the object from standard input instead of from a file.
+
+--stdin-paths::
+	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+
+--path::
+	Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of
+	file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is
+	used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object
+	before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of
+	applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may
+	differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
+	temporary files located outside of the working directory or files
+	read from stdin.
+
+--no-filters::
+	Hash the contents as is, ignoring any input filter that would
+	have been chosen by the attributes mechanism, including crlf
+	conversion. If the file is read from standard input then this
+	is always implied, unless the --path option is given.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8df109d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+git-help(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-help - display help information about git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git help' [-a|--all|-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git'
+command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed
+on the standard output.
+
+If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
+printed on the standard output.
+
+If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
+up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
+can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
+
+Note that `git --help ...` is identical to `git help ...` because the
+former is internally converted into the latter.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-a::
+--all::
+	Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
+	option supersedes any other option.
+
+-i::
+--info::
+	Display manual page for the command in the 'info' format. The
+	'info' program will be used for that purpose.
+
+-m::
+--man::
+	Display manual page for the command in the 'man' format. This
+	option may be used to override a value set in the
+	'help.format' configuration variable.
++
+By default the 'man' program will be used to display the manual page,
+but the 'man.viewer' configuration variable may be used to choose
+other display programs (see below).
+
+-w::
+--web::
+	Display manual page for the command in the 'web' (HTML)
+	format. A web browser will be used for that purpose.
++
+The web browser can be specified using the configuration variable
+'help.browser', or 'web.browser' if the former is not set. If none of
+these config variables is set, the 'git web--browse' helper script
+(called by 'git help') will pick a suitable default. See
+linkgit:git-web--browse[1] for more information about this.
+
+CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+-----------------------
+
+help.format
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If no command line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration
+variable will be checked. The following values are supported for this
+variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command
+line option:
+
+* "man" corresponds to '-m|--man',
+* "info" corresponds to '-i|--info',
+* "web" or "html" correspond to '-w|--web'.
+
+help.browser, web.browser and browser.<tool>.path
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The 'help.browser', 'web.browser' and 'browser.<tool>.path' will also
+be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command line
+option or configuration variable). See '-w|--web' in the OPTIONS
+section above and linkgit:git-web--browse[1].
+
+man.viewer
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The 'man.viewer' config variable will be checked if the 'man' format
+is chosen. The following values are currently supported:
+
+* "man": use the 'man' program as usual,
+* "woman": use 'emacsclient' to launch the "woman" mode in emacs
+(this only works starting with emacsclient versions 22),
+* "konqueror": use 'kfmclient' to open the man page in a new konqueror
+tab (see 'Note about konqueror' below).
+
+Values for other tools can be used if there is a corresponding
+'man.<tool>.cmd' configuration entry (see below).
+
+Multiple values may be given to the 'man.viewer' configuration
+variable. Their corresponding programs will be tried in the order
+listed in the configuration file.
+
+For example, this configuration:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+	[man]
+		viewer = konqueror
+		viewer = woman
+------------------------------------------------
+
+will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example if
+DISPLAY is not set) and in that case emacs' woman mode will be tried.
+
+If everything fails, or if no viewer is configured, the viewer specified
+in the GIT_MAN_VIEWER environment variable will be tried.  If that
+fails too, the 'man' program will be tried anyway.
+
+man.<tool>.path
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can explicitly provide a full path to your preferred man viewer by
+setting the configuration variable 'man.<tool>.path'. For example, you
+can configure the absolute path to konqueror by setting
+'man.konqueror.path'. Otherwise, 'git help' assumes the tool is
+available in PATH.
+
+man.<tool>.cmd
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the man viewer, specified by the 'man.viewer' configuration
+variables, is not among the supported ones, then the corresponding
+'man.<tool>.cmd' configuration variable will be looked up. If this
+variable exists then the specified tool will be treated as a custom
+command and a shell eval will be used to run the command with the man
+page passed as arguments.
+
+Note about konqueror
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When 'konqueror' is specified in the 'man.viewer' configuration
+variable, we launch 'kfmclient' to try to open the man page on an
+already opened konqueror in a new tab if possible.
+
+For consistency, we also try such a trick if 'man.konqueror.path' is
+set to something like 'A_PATH_TO/konqueror'. That means we will try to
+launch 'A_PATH_TO/kfmclient' instead.
+
+If you really want to use 'konqueror', then you can use something like
+the following:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+	[man]
+		viewer = konq
+
+	[man "konq"]
+		cmd = A_PATH_TO/konqueror
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Note about git config --global
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Note that all these configuration variables should probably be set
+using the '--global' flag, for example like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global help.format web
+$ git config --global web.browser firefox
+------------------------------------------------
+
+as they are probably more user specific than repository specific.
+See linkgit:git-config[1] for more information about this.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and the git-list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Initial documentation was part of the linkgit:git[1] man page.
+Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> extracted and rewrote it a
+little. Maintenance is done by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5238820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+git-http-backend(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-http-backend - Server side implementation of Git over HTTP
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git http-backend'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
+clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
+The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP protocol
+and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
+pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
+
+It verifies that the directory has the magic file
+"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
+that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
+GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
+
+By default, only the `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
+'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients, which are invoked from
+'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.  If the client is authenticated,
+the `receive-pack` service is enabled, which serves 'git send-pack'
+clients, which is invoked from 'git push'.
+
+SERVICES
+--------
+These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
+configuration file:
+
+http.getanyfile::
+	This serves older Git clients which are unable to use the
+	upload pack service.  When enabled, clients are able to read
+	any file within the repository, including objects that are
+	no longer reachable from a branch but are still present.
+	It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
+	by setting this configuration item to `false`.
+
+http.uploadpack::
+	This serves 'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients.
+	It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
+	by setting this configuration item to `false`.
+
+http.receivepack::
+	This serves 'git send-pack' clients, allowing push.  It is
+	disabled by default for anonymous users, and enabled by
+	default for users authenticated by the web server.  It can be
+	disabled by setting this item to `false`, or enabled for all
+	users, including anonymous users, by setting it to `true`.
+
+URL TRANSLATION
+---------------
+To determine the location of the repository on disk, 'git http-backend'
+concatenates the environment variables PATH_INFO, which is set
+automatically by the web server, and GIT_PROJECT_ROOT, which must be set
+manually in the web server configuration.  If GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is not
+set, 'git http-backend' reads PATH_TRANSLATED, which is also set
+automatically by the web server.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+All of the following examples map 'http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git'
+to '/var/www/git/foo/bar.git'.
+
+Apache 2.x::
+	Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
+	GIT_PROJECT_ROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and
+	create a ScriptAlias to the CGI:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
+SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
+require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+<LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	...
+</LocationMatch>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
+directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+<Location /git/private>
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Private Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	...
+</Location>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
+those URLs that 'git http-backend' can handle, and forward the
+rest to gitweb:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ScriptAliasMatch \
+	"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
+			info/refs | \
+			objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
+				 [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
+				 pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
+			git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
+	/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
+
+ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Accelerated static Apache 2.x::
+	Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static
+	files that are stored on disk.	On many systems this may
+	be more efficient as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the
+	file contents from the file system directly to the network:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
+
+AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$          /var/www/git/$1
+AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
+ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
+
+AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$          /var/www/git/$1
+AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
+ScriptAliasMatch \
+	"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
+			info/refs | \
+			objects/info/[^/]+ | \
+			git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
+	/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
+ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+ENVIRONMENT
+-----------
+'git http-backend' relies upon the CGI environment variables set
+by the invoking web server, including:
+
+* PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)
+* REMOTE_USER
+* REMOTE_ADDR
+* CONTENT_TYPE
+* QUERY_STRING
+* REQUEST_METHOD
+
+The GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable may be passed to
+'git-http-backend' to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
+file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.
+
+The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to '$REMOTE_USER' and
+GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to '$\{REMOTE_USER}@http.$\{REMOTE_ADDR\}',
+ensuring that any reflogs created by 'git-receive-pack' contain some
+identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.
+
+All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
+invoked by the 'git-receive-pack'.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d91cb7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+git-http-fetch(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git http-fetch' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] [--stdin] <commit> <url>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+commit-id::
+        Either the hash or the filename under [URL]/refs/ to
+        pull.
+
+-c::
+	Get the commit objects.
+-t::
+	Get trees associated with the commit objects.
+-a::
+	Get all the objects.
+-v::
+	Report what is downloaded.
+
+-w <filename>::
+        Writes the commit-id into the filename under $GIT_DIR/refs/<filename> on
+        the local end after the transfer is complete.
+
+--stdin::
+	Instead of a commit id on the command line (which is not expected in this
+	case), 'git http-fetch' expects lines on stdin in the format
+
+		<commit-id>['\t'<filename-as-in--w>]
+
+--recover::
+	Verify that everything reachable from target is fetched.  Used after
+	an earlier fetch is interrupted.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-push.txt b/Documentation/git-http-push.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddf7a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-push.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+git-http-push(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-http-push - Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git http-push' [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <url> <ref> [<ref>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Sends missing objects to remote repository, and updates the
+remote branch.
+
+*NOTE*: This command is temporarily disabled if your libcurl
+is older than 7.16, as the combination has been reported
+not to work and sometimes corrupts repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--all::
+	Do not assume that the remote repository is complete in its
+	current state, and verify all objects in the entire local
+	ref's history exist in the remote repository.
+
+--force::
+	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that
+	is not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
+	This flag disables the check.  What this means is that
+	the remote repository can lose commits; use it with
+	care.
+
+--dry-run::
+	Do everything except actually send the updates.
+
+--verbose::
+	Report the list of objects being walked locally and the
+	list of objects successfully sent to the remote repository.
+
+-d::
+-D::
+	Remove <ref> from remote repository.  The specified branch
+	cannot be the remote HEAD.  If -d is specified the following
+	other conditions must also be met:
+
+	- Remote HEAD must resolve to an object that exists locally
+	- Specified branch resolves to an object that exists locally
+	- Specified branch is an ancestor of the remote HEAD
+
+<ref>...::
+	The remote refs to update.
+
+
+Specifying the Refs
+-------------------
+
+A '<ref>' specification can be either a single pattern, or a pair
+of such patterns separated by a colon ":" (this means that a ref name
+cannot have a colon in it).  A single pattern '<name>' is just a
+shorthand for '<name>:<name>'.
+
+Each pattern pair consists of the source side (before the colon)
+and the destination side (after the colon).  The ref to be
+pushed is determined by finding a match that matches the source
+side, and where it is pushed is determined by using the
+destination side.
+
+ - It is an error if <src> does not match exactly one of the
+   local refs.
+
+ - If <dst> does not match any remote ref, either
+
+   * it has to start with "refs/"; <dst> is used as the
+     destination literally in this case.
+
+   * <src> == <dst> and the ref that matched the <src> must not
+     exist in the set of remote refs; the ref matched <src>
+     locally is used as the name of the destination.
+
+Without '--force', the <src> ref is stored at the remote only if
+<dst> does not exist, or <dst> is a proper subset (i.e. an
+ancestor) of <src>.  This check, known as "fast-forward check",
+is performed in order to avoid accidentally overwriting the
+remote ref and lose other peoples' commits from there.
+
+With '--force', the fast-forward check is disabled for all refs.
+
+Optionally, a <ref> parameter can be prefixed with a plus '+' sign
+to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Nick Hengeveld <nickh@reactrix.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Nick Hengeveld
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57db955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+git-imap-send(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-imap-send - Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git imap-send'
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command uploads a mailbox generated with 'git format-patch'
+into an IMAP drafts folder.  This allows patches to be sent as
+other email is when using mail clients that cannot read mailbox
+files directly.
+
+Typical usage is something like:
+
+git format-patch --signoff --stdout --attach origin | git imap-send
+
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+To use the tool, imap.folder and either imap.tunnel or imap.host must be set
+to appropriate values.
+
+Variables
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+imap.folder::
+	The folder to drop the mails into, which is typically the Drafts
+	folder. For example: "INBOX.Drafts", "INBOX/Drafts" or
+	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required to use imap-send.
+
+imap.tunnel::
+	Command used to setup a tunnel to the IMAP server through which
+	commands will be piped instead of using a direct network connection
+	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set to use imap-send.
+
+imap.host::
+	A URL identifying the server. Use a `imap://` prefix for non-secure
+	connections and a `imaps://` prefix for secure connections.
+	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required to use imap-send
+	otherwise.
+
+imap.user::
+	The username to use when logging in to the server.
+
+imap.pass::
+	The password to use when logging in to the server.
+
+imap.port::
+	An integer port number to connect to on the server.
+	Defaults to 143 for imap:// hosts and 993 for imaps:// hosts.
+	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set.
+
+imap.sslverify::
+	A boolean to enable/disable verification of the server certificate
+	used by the SSL/TLS connection. Default is `true`. Ignored when
+	imap.tunnel is set.
+
+imap.preformattedHTML::
+	A boolean to enable/disable the use of html encoding when sending
+	a patch.  An html encoded patch will be bracketed with <pre>
+	and have a content type of text/html.  Ironically, enabling this
+	option causes Thunderbird to send the patch as a plain/text,
+	format=fixed email.  Default is `false`.
+
+Examples
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Using tunnel mode:
+
+..........................
+[imap]
+    folder = "INBOX.Drafts"
+    tunnel = "ssh -q -C user@example.com /usr/bin/imapd ./Maildir 2> /dev/null"
+..........................
+
+Using direct mode:
+
+.........................
+[imap]
+    folder = "INBOX.Drafts"
+    host = imap://imap.example.com
+    user = bob
+    pass = p4ssw0rd
+..........................
+
+Using direct mode with SSL:
+
+.........................
+[imap]
+    folder = "INBOX.Drafts"
+    host = imaps://imap.example.com
+    user = bob
+    pass = p4ssw0rd
+    port = 123
+    sslverify = false
+..........................
+
+
+CAUTION
+-------
+It is still your responsibility to make sure that the email message
+sent by your email program meets the standards of your project.
+Many projects do not like patches to be attached.  Some mail
+agents will transform patches (e.g. wrap lines, send them as
+format=flowed) in ways that make them fail.  You will get angry
+flames ridiculing you if you don't check this.
+
+Thunderbird in particular is known to be problematic.  Thunderbird
+users may wish to visit this web page for more information:
+  http://kb.mozillazine.org/Plain_text_e-mail_-_Thunderbird#Completely_plain_email
+
+
+BUGS
+----
+Doesn't handle lines starting with "From " in the message body.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Derived from isync 1.0.1 by Mike McCormack.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Mike McCormack
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65a301b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+git-index-pack(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-index-pack - Build pack index file for an existing packed archive
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git index-pack' [-v] [-o <index-file>] <pack-file>
+'git index-pack' --stdin [--fix-thin] [--keep] [-v] [-o <index-file>]
+                 [<pack-file>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and
+builds a pack index file (.idx) for it.  The packed archive
+together with the pack index can then be placed in the
+objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-v::
+	Be verbose about what is going on, including progress status.
+
+-o <index-file>::
+	Write the generated pack index into the specified
+	file.  Without this option the name of pack index
+	file is constructed from the name of packed archive
+	file by replacing .pack with .idx (and the program
+	fails if the name of packed archive does not end
+	with .pack).
+
+--stdin::
+	When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin
+	instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If
+	<pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to
+	objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with
+	a default name determined from the pack content.  If
+	<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
+	prevent a race condition between this process and
+	'git repack'.
+
+--fix-thin::
+	It is possible for 'git pack-objects' to build
+	"thin" pack, which records objects in deltified form based on
+	objects not included in the pack to reduce network traffic.
+	Those objects are expected to be present on the receiving end
+	and they must be included in the pack for that pack to be self
+	contained and indexable. Without this option any attempt to
+	index a thin pack will fail. This option only makes sense in
+	conjunction with --stdin.
+
+--keep::
+	Before moving the index into its final destination
+	create an empty .keep file for the associated pack file.
+	This option is usually necessary with --stdin to prevent a
+	simultaneous 'git repack' process from deleting
+	the newly constructed pack and index before refs can be
+	updated to use objects contained in the pack.
+
+--keep='why'::
+	Like --keep create a .keep file before moving the index into
+	its final destination, but rather than creating an empty file
+	place 'why' followed by an LF into the .keep file.  The 'why'
+	message can later be searched for within all .keep files to
+	locate any which have outlived their usefulness.
+
+--index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
+	This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
+	to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
+	64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
+
+--strict::
+	Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links.
+
+
+Note
+----
+
+Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
+and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
+new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
+.keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
+mentioned above.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Sergey Vlasov <vsu@altlinux.ru>
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Sergey Vlasov
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eba3cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+git-init-db(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git init-db' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This is a synonym for linkgit:git-init[1].  Please refer to the
+documentation of that command.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ee102d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+git-init(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git init' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+
+Only print error and warning messages, all other output will be suppressed.
+
+--bare::
+
+Create a bare repository. If GIT_DIR environment is not set, it is set to the
+current working directory.
+
+--template=<template_directory>::
+
+Provide the directory from which templates will be used.  The default template
+directory is `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
+
+When specified, `<template_directory>` is used as the source of the template
+files rather than the default.  The template files include some directory
+structure, some suggested "exclude patterns", and copies of non-executing
+"hook" files.  The suggested patterns and hook files are all modifiable and
+extensible.
+
+--shared[={false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx}]::
+
+Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
+allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
+repository.  When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is
+set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the
+requested permissions.  When not specified, git will use permissions reported
+by umask(2).
+
+The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value
+is given:
+
+ - 'umask' (or 'false'): Use permissions reported by umask(2). The default,
+   when `--shared` is not specified.
+
+ - 'group' (or 'true'): Make the repository group-writable, (and g+sx, since
+   the git group may be not the primary group of all users).
+   This is used to loosen the permissions of an otherwise safe umask(2) value.
+   Note that the umask still applies to the other permission bits (e.g. if
+   umask is '0022', using 'group' will not remove read privileges from other
+   (non-group) users). See '0xxx' for how to exactly specify the repository
+   permissions.
+
+ - 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'): Same as 'group', but make the repository
+   readable by all users.
+
+ - '0xxx': '0xxx' is an octal number and each file will have mode '0xxx'.
+   '0xxx' will override users' umask(2) value (and not only loosen permissions
+   as 'group' and 'all' does). '0640' will create a repository which is
+   group-readable, but not group-writable or accessible to others. '0660' will
+   create a repo that is readable and writable to the current user and group,
+   but inaccessible to others.
+
+By default, the configuration flag receive.denyNonFastForwards is enabled
+in shared repositories, so that you cannot force a non fast-forwarding push
+into it.
+
+If you name a (possibly non-existent) directory at the end of the command
+line, the command is run inside the directory (possibly after creating it).
+
+--
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git` directory
+with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, and
+template files.
+An initial `HEAD` file that references the HEAD of the master branch
+is also created.
+
+If the `$GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it specifies a path
+to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the repository.
+
+If the object storage directory is specified via the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`
+environment variable then the sha1 directories are created underneath -
+otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory is used.
+
+Running 'git init' in an existing repository is safe. It will not overwrite
+things that are already there. The primary reason for rerunning 'git init'
+is to pick up newly added templates.
+
+Note that 'git init' is the same as 'git init-db'.  The command
+was primarily meant to initialize the object database, but over
+time it has become responsible for setting up the other aspects
+of the repository, such as installing the default hooks and
+setting the configuration variables.  The old name is retained
+for backward compatibility reasons.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Start a new git repository for an existing code base::
++
+----------------
+$ cd /path/to/my/codebase
+$ git init      <1>
+$ git add .     <2>
+----------------
++
+<1> prepare /path/to/my/codebase/.git directory
+<2> add all existing file to the index
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1f17df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+git-instaweb(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-instaweb - Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git instaweb' [--local] [--httpd=<httpd>] [--port=<port>]
+               [--browser=<browser>]
+'git instaweb' [--start] [--stop] [--restart]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A simple script to set up `gitweb` and a web server for browsing the local
+repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-l::
+--local::
+	Only bind the web server to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
+
+-d::
+--httpd::
+	The HTTP daemon command-line that will be executed.
+	Command-line options may be specified here, and the
+	configuration file will be added at the end of the command-line.
+	Currently apache2, lighttpd, mongoose and webrick are supported.
+	(Default: lighttpd)
+
+-m::
+--module-path::
+	The module path (only needed if httpd is Apache).
+	(Default: /usr/lib/apache2/modules)
+
+-p::
+--port::
+	The port number to bind the httpd to.  (Default: 1234)
+
+-b::
+--browser::
+	The web browser that should be used to view the gitweb
+	page. This will be passed to the 'git web--browse' helper
+	script along with the URL of the gitweb instance. See
+	linkgit:git-web--browse[1] for more information about this. If
+	the script fails, the URL will be printed to stdout.
+
+--start::
+	Start the httpd instance and exit.  This does not generate
+	any of the configuration files for spawning a new instance.
+
+--stop::
+	Stop the httpd instance and exit.  This does not generate
+	any of the configuration files for spawning a new instance,
+	nor does it close the browser.
+
+--restart::
+	Restart the httpd instance and exit.  This does not generate
+	any of the configuration files for spawning a new instance.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+You may specify configuration in your .git/config
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+[instaweb]
+	local = true
+	httpd = apache2 -f
+	port = 4321
+	browser = konqueror
+	modulepath = /usr/lib/apache2/modules
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+If the configuration variable 'instaweb.browser' is not set,
+'web.browser' will be used instead if it is defined. See
+linkgit:git-web--browse[1] for more information about this.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e39bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+git-log(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-log - Show commit logs
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git log' [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Shows the commit logs.
+
+The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
+command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
+the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
+each commit introduces are shown.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+:git-log: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+-<n>::
+	Limits the number of commits to show.
+
+<since>..<until>::
+	Show only commits between the named two commits.  When
+	either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
+	`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
+	For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
+	and <until>, see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in
+	linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+--decorate[=short|full]::
+	Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
+	specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
+	'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
+	full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. The default option
+	is 'short'.
+
+--source::
+	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
+	commit was reached.
+
+--full-diff::
+	Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
+	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
+	paths.  With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
+	the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
+	commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
+
+--follow::
+	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames.
+
+--log-size::
+	Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
+	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to
+	produce a valid value size is set to zero.
+	Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
+	its size is not included.
+
+[\--] <path>...::
+	Show only commits that affect any of the specified paths. To
+	prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need
+	to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or
+	refnames.
+
+
+include::rev-list-options.txt[]
+
+include::pretty-formats.txt[]
+
+include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
+
+Examples
+--------
+git log --no-merges::
+
+	Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
+
+git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
+
+	Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
+	in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+
+git log --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk::
+
+	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
+	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+	'gitk'
+
+git log --name-status release..test::
+
+	Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
+	in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
+	each commit modifies.
+
+git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c::
+
+	Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including
+	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
+	present name.
+
+git log --branches --not --remotes=origin::
+
+	Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
+	any of remote tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
+	origin doesn't).
+
+git log master --not --remotes=*/master::
+
+	Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
+	repository master branches.
+
+Discussion
+----------
+
+include::i18n.txt[]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..602b8d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+git-lost-found(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-lost-found - Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git lost-found'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+*NOTE*: this command is deprecated.  Use linkgit:git-fsck[1] with
+the option '--lost-found' instead.
+
+Finds dangling commits and tags from the object database, and
+creates refs to them in the .git/lost-found/ directory.  Commits and
+tags that dereference to commits are stored in .git/lost-found/commit,
+and other objects are stored in .git/lost-found/other.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+Prints to standard output the object names and one-line descriptions
+of any commits or tags found.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+Suppose you run 'git tag -f' and mistype the tag to overwrite.
+The ref to your tag is overwritten, but until you run 'git
+prune', the tag itself is still there.
+
+------------
+$ git lost-found
+[1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6] GIT 0.99.9c
+...
+------------
+
+Also you can use gitk to browse how any tags found relate to each
+other.
+
+------------
+$ gitk $(cd .git/lost-found/commit && echo ??*)
+------------
+
+After making sure you know which the object is the tag you are looking
+for, you can reconnect it to your regular .git/refs hierarchy.
+
+------------
+$ git cat-file -t 1ef2b196
+tag
+$ git cat-file tag 1ef2b196
+object fa41bbce8e38c67a218415de6cfa510c7e50032a
+type commit
+tag v0.99.9c
+tagger Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> 1131059594 -0800
+
+GIT 0.99.9c
+
+This contains the following changes from the "master" branch, since
+...
+$ git update-ref refs/tags/not-lost-anymore 1ef2b196
+$ git rev-parse not-lost-anymore
+1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6
+------------
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3521637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+git-ls-files(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-ls-files - Show information about files in the index and the working tree
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v]
+		(--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])\*
+		(-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])\*
+		[-x <pattern>|--exclude=<pattern>]
+		[-X <file>|--exclude-from=<file>]
+		[--exclude-per-directory=<file>]
+		[--exclude-standard]
+		[--error-unmatch] [--with-tree=<tree-ish>]
+		[--full-name] [--abbrev] [--] [<file>]\*
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This merges the file listing in the directory cache index with the
+actual working directory list, and shows different combinations of the
+two.
+
+One or more of the options below may be used to determine the files
+shown:
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-c::
+--cached::
+	Show cached files in the output (default)
+
+-d::
+--deleted::
+	Show deleted files in the output
+
+-m::
+--modified::
+	Show modified files in the output
+
+-o::
+--others::
+	Show other (i.e. untracked) files in the output
+
+-i::
+--ignored::
+	Show only ignored files in the output. When showing files in the
+	index, print only those matched by an exclude pattern. When
+	showing "other" files, show only those matched by an exclude
+	pattern.
+
+-s::
+--stage::
+	Show staged contents' object name, mode bits and stage number in the output.
+
+--directory::
+	If a whole directory is classified as "other", show just its
+	name (with a trailing slash) and not its whole contents.
+
+--no-empty-directory::
+	Do not list empty directories. Has no effect without --directory.
+
+-u::
+--unmerged::
+	Show unmerged files in the output (forces --stage)
+
+-k::
+--killed::
+	Show files on the filesystem that need to be removed due
+	to file/directory conflicts for checkout-index to
+	succeed.
+
+-z::
+	\0 line termination on output.
+
+-x <pattern>::
+--exclude=<pattern>::
+	Skips files matching pattern.
+	Note that pattern is a shell wildcard pattern.
+
+-X <file>::
+--exclude-from=<file>::
+	exclude patterns are read from <file>; 1 per line.
+
+--exclude-per-directory=<file>::
+	read additional exclude patterns that apply only to the
+	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
+
+--exclude-standard::
+	Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
+	in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.
+
+--error-unmatch::
+	If any <file> does not appear in the index, treat this as an
+	error (return 1).
+
+--with-tree=<tree-ish>::
+	When using --error-unmatch to expand the user supplied
+	<file> (i.e. path pattern) arguments to paths, pretend
+	that paths which were removed in the index since the
+	named <tree-ish> are still present.  Using this option
+	with `-s` or `-u` options does not make any sense.
+
+-t::
+	Identify the file status with the following tags (followed by
+	a space) at the start of each line:
+	H::	cached
+	S::	skip-worktree
+	M::	unmerged
+	R::	removed/deleted
+	C::	modified/changed
+	K::	to be killed
+	?::	other
+
+-v::
+	Similar to `-t`, but use lowercase letters for files
+	that are marked as 'assume unchanged' (see
+	linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
+
+--full-name::
+	When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
+	outputs paths relative to the current directory.  This
+	option forces paths to be output relative to the project
+	top directory.
+
+--abbrev[=<n>]::
+	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
+	lines, show only a partial prefix.
+	Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+<file>::
+	Files to show. If no files are given all files which match the other
+	specified criteria are shown.
+
+Output
+------
+'git ls-files' just outputs the filenames unless '--stage' is specified in
+which case it outputs:
+
+        [<tag> ]<mode> <object> <stage> <file>
+
+'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
+detailed information on unmerged paths.
+
+For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
+the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
+1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
+the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
+path. (see linkgit:git-read-tree[1] for more information on state)
+
+When `-z` option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
+in pathnames are represented as `\t`, `\n`, and `\\`,
+respectively.
+
+
+Exclude Patterns
+----------------
+
+'git ls-files' can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
+traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the
+flags --others or --ignored are specified.  linkgit:gitignore[5]
+specifies the format of exclude patterns.
+
+These exclude patterns come from these places, in order:
+
+  1. The command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a
+     single pattern.  Patterns are ordered in the same order
+     they appear in the command line.
+
+  2. The command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a
+     file containing a list of patterns.  Patterns are ordered
+     in the same order they appear in the file.
+
+  3. command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
+     a name of the file in each directory 'git ls-files'
+     examines, normally `.gitignore`.  Files in deeper
+     directories take precedence.  Patterns are ordered in the
+     same order they appear in the files.
+
+A pattern specified on the command line with --exclude or read
+from the file specified with --exclude-from is relative to the
+top of the directory tree.  A pattern read from a file specified
+by --exclude-per-directory is relative to the directory that the
+pattern file appears in.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-read-tree[1], linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abe7bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+git-ls-remote(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-ls-remote - List references in a remote repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git ls-remote' [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>]
+	      <repository> <refs>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Displays references available in a remote repository along with the associated
+commit IDs.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-h::
+--heads::
+-t::
+--tags::
+	Limit to only refs/heads and refs/tags, respectively.
+	These options are _not_ mutually exclusive; when given
+	both, references stored in refs/heads and refs/tags are
+	displayed.
+
+-u <exec>::
+--upload-pack=<exec>::
+	Specify the full path of 'git-upload-pack' on the remote
+	host. This allows listing references from repositories accessed via
+	SSH and where the SSH daemon does not use the PATH configured by the
+	user.
+
+<repository>::
+	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
+	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
+	the local repository.
+
+<refs>...::
+	When unspecified, all references, after filtering done
+	with --heads and --tags, are shown.  When <refs>... are
+	specified, only references matching the given patterns
+	are displayed.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+	$ git ls-remote --tags ./.
+	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
+	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
+	7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
+	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
+	0918385dbd9656cab0d1d81ba7453d49bbc16250	refs/tags/junio-gpg-pub
+	$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
+	5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
+	c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
+	b1d096f2926c4e37c9c0b6a7bf2119bedaa277cb	refs/heads/rc
+	$ echo http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git >.git/branches/public
+	$ git ls-remote --tags public v\*
+	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
+	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
+	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
+	7ceca275d047c90c0c7d5afb13ab97efdf51bd6e	refs/tags/v0.99.3
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f89d36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+git-ls-tree(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-ls-tree - List the contents of a tree object
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git ls-tree' [-d] [-r] [-t] [-l] [-z]
+	    [--name-only] [--name-status] [--full-name] [--full-tree] [--abbrev=[<n>]]
+	    <tree-ish> [paths...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Lists the contents of a given tree object, like what "/bin/ls -a" does
+in the current working directory.  Note that:
+
+ - the behaviour is slightly different from that of "/bin/ls" in that the
+   'paths' denote just a list of patterns to match, e.g. so specifying
+   directory name (without '-r') will behave differently, and order of the
+   arguments does not matter.
+
+ - the behaviour is similar to that of "/bin/ls" in that the 'paths' is
+   taken as relative to the current working directory.  E.g. when you are
+   in a directory 'sub' that has a directory 'dir', you can run 'git
+   ls-tree -r HEAD dir' to list the contents of the tree (that is
+   'sub/dir' in 'HEAD').  You don't want to give a tree that is not at the
+   root level (e.g. `git ls-tree -r HEAD:sub dir`) in this case, as that
+   would result in asking for 'sub/sub/dir' in the 'HEAD' commit.
+   However, the current working directory can be ignored by passing
+   --full-tree option.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<tree-ish>::
+	Id of a tree-ish.
+
+-d::
+	Show only the named tree entry itself, not its children.
+
+-r::
+	Recurse into sub-trees.
+
+-t::
+	Show tree entries even when going to recurse them. Has no effect
+	if '-r' was not passed. '-d' implies '-t'.
+
+-l::
+--long::
+	Show object size of blob (file) entries.
+
+-z::
+	\0 line termination on output.
+
+--name-only::
+--name-status::
+	List only filenames (instead of the "long" output), one per line.
+
+--abbrev[=<n>]::
+	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
+	lines, show only a partial prefix.
+	Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
+
+--full-name::
+	Instead of showing the path names relative to the current working
+	directory, show the full path names.
+
+--full-tree::
+	Do not limit the listing to the current working directory.
+	Implies --full-name.
+
+paths::
+	When paths are given, show them (note that this isn't really raw
+	pathnames, but rather a list of patterns to match).  Otherwise
+	implicitly uses the root level of the tree as the sole path argument.
+
+
+Output Format
+-------------
+        <mode> SP <type> SP <object> TAB <file>
+
+Unless the `-z` option is used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
+in pathnames are represented as `\t`, `\n`, and `\\`, respectively.
+This output format is compatible with what `--index-info --stdin` of
+'git update-index' expects.
+
+When the `-l` option is used, format changes to
+
+        <mode> SP <type> SP <object> SP <object size> TAB <file>
+
+Object size identified by <object> is given in bytes, and right-justified
+with minimum width of 7 characters.  Object size is given only for blobs
+(file) entries; for other entries `-` character is used in place of size.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
+Completely rewritten from scratch by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>,
+another major rewrite by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3d58cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+git-mailinfo(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mailinfo - Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads a single e-mail message from the standard input, and
+writes the commit log message in <msg> file, and the patches in
+<patch> file.  The author name, e-mail and e-mail subject are
+written out to the standard output to be used by 'git am'
+to create a commit.  It is usually not necessary to use this
+command directly.  See linkgit:git-am[1] instead.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-k::
+	Usually the program 'cleans up' the Subject: header line
+	to extract the title line for the commit log message,
+	among which (1) remove 'Re:' or 're:', (2) leading
+	whitespaces, (3) '[' up to ']', typically '[PATCH]', and
+	then prepends "[PATCH] ".  This flag forbids this
+	munging, and is most useful when used to read back
+	'git format-patch -k' output.
+
+-b::
+	When -k is not in effect, all leading strings bracketed with '['
+	and ']' pairs are stripped.  This option limits the stripping to
+	only the pairs whose bracketed string contains the word "PATCH".
+
+-u::
+	The commit log message, author name and author email are
+	taken from the e-mail, and after minimally decoding MIME
+	transfer encoding, re-coded in UTF-8 by transliterating
+	them.  This used to be optional but now it is the default.
++
+Note that the patch is always used as-is without charset
+conversion, even with this flag.
+
+--encoding=<encoding>::
+	Similar to -u but if the local convention is different
+	from what is specified by i18n.commitencoding, this flag
+	can be used to override it.
+
+-n::
+	Disable all charset re-coding of the metadata.
+
+--scissors::
+	Remove everything in body before a scissors line.  A line that
+	mainly consists of scissors (either ">8" or "8<") and perforation
+	(dash "-") marks is called a scissors line, and is used to request
+	the reader to cut the message at that line.  If such a line
+	appears in the body of the message before the patch, everything
+	before it (including the scissors line itself) is ignored when
+	this option is used.
++
+This is useful if you want to begin your message in a discussion thread
+with comments and suggestions on the message you are responding to, and to
+conclude it with a patch submission, separating the discussion and the
+beginning of the proposed commit log message with a scissors line.
++
+This can enabled by default with the configuration option mailinfo.scissors.
+
+--no-scissors::
+	Ignore scissors lines. Useful for overriding mailinfo.scissors settings.
+
+<msg>::
+	The commit log message extracted from e-mail, usually
+	except the title line which comes from e-mail Subject.
+
+<patch>::
+	The patch extracted from e-mail.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt b/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cc94ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailsplit.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+git-mailsplit(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mailsplit - Simple UNIX mbox splitter program
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git mailsplit' [-b] [-f<nn>] [-d<prec>] -o<directory> [--] [<mbox>|<Maildir>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Splits a mbox file or a Maildir into a list of files: "0001" "0002" ..  in the
+specified directory so you can process them further from there.
+
+IMPORTANT: Maildir splitting relies upon filenames being sorted to output
+patches in the correct order.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<mbox>::
+	Mbox file to split.  If not given, the mbox is read from
+	the standard input.
+
+<Maildir>::
+	Root of the Maildir to split. This directory should contain the cur, tmp
+	and new subdirectories.
+
+-o<directory>::
+	Directory in which to place the individual messages.
+
+-b::
+	If any file doesn't begin with a From line, assume it is a
+	single mail message instead of signaling error.
+
+-d<prec>::
+	Instead of the default 4 digits with leading zeros,
+	different precision can be specified for the generated
+	filenames.
+
+-f<nn>::
+	Skip the first <nn> numbers, for example if -f3 is specified,
+	start the numbering with 0004.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce5b369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+git-merge-base(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-merge-base - Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git merge-base' [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+'git merge-base' finds best common ancestor(s) between two commits to use
+in a three-way merge.  One common ancestor is 'better' than another common
+ancestor if the latter is an ancestor of the former.  A common ancestor
+that does not have any better common ancestor is a 'best common
+ancestor', i.e. a 'merge base'.  Note that there can be more than one
+merge base for a pair of commits.
+
+Among the two commits to compute the merge base from, one is specified by
+the first commit argument on the command line; the other commit is a
+(possibly hypothetical) commit that is a merge across all the remaining
+commits on the command line.  As the most common special case, specifying only
+two commits on the command line means computing the merge base between
+the given two commits.
+
+As a consequence, the 'merge base' is not necessarily contained in each of the
+commit arguments if more than two commits are specified. This is different
+from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-a::
+--all::
+	Output all merge bases for the commits, instead of just one.
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+Given two commits 'A' and 'B', `git merge-base A B` will output a commit
+which is reachable from both 'A' and 'B' through the parent relationship.
+
+For example, with this topology:
+
+		 o---o---o---B
+		/
+	---o---1---o---o---o---A
+
+the merge base between 'A' and 'B' is '1'.
+
+Given three commits 'A', 'B' and 'C', `git merge-base A B C` will compute the
+merge base between 'A' and a hypothetical commit 'M', which is a merge
+between 'B' and 'C'.  For example, with this topology:
+
+	       o---o---o---o---C
+	      /
+	     /   o---o---o---B
+	    /   /
+	---2---1---o---o---o---A
+
+the result of `git merge-base A B C` is '1'.  This is because the
+equivalent topology with a merge commit 'M' between 'B' and 'C' is:
+
+
+	       o---o---o---o---o
+	      /                 \
+	     /   o---o---o---o---M
+	    /   /
+	---2---1---o---o---o---A
+
+and the result of `git merge-base A M` is '1'.  Commit '2' is also a
+common ancestor between 'A' and 'M', but '1' is a better common ancestor,
+because '2' is an ancestor of '1'.  Hence, '2' is not a merge base.
+
+When the history involves criss-cross merges, there can be more than one
+'best' common ancestor for two commits.  For example, with this topology:
+
+       ---1---o---A
+	   \ /
+	    X
+	   / \
+       ---2---o---o---B
+
+both '1' and '2' are merge-bases of A and B.  Neither one is better than
+the other (both are 'best' merge bases).  When the `--all` option is not given,
+it is unspecified which best one is output.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..234269a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+git-merge-file(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-merge-file - Run a three-way file merge
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]]
+	[--ours|--theirs] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet]
+	<current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+'git merge-file' incorporates all changes that lead from the `<base-file>`
+to `<other-file>` into `<current-file>`. The result ordinarily goes into
+`<current-file>`. 'git merge-file' is useful for combining separate changes
+to an original. Suppose `<base-file>` is the original, and both
+`<current-file>` and `<other-file>` are modifications of `<base-file>`,
+then 'git merge-file' combines both changes.
+
+A conflict occurs if both `<current-file>` and `<other-file>` have changes
+in a common segment of lines. If a conflict is found, 'git merge-file'
+normally outputs a warning and brackets the conflict with lines containing
+<<<<<<< and >>>>>>> markers. A typical conflict will look like this:
+
+	<<<<<<< A
+	lines in file A
+	=======
+	lines in file B
+	>>>>>>> B
+
+If there are conflicts, the user should edit the result and delete one of
+the alternatives.  When `--ours` or `--theirs` option is in effect, however,
+these conflicts are resolved favouring lines from `<current-file>` or
+lines from `<other-file>` respectively.
+
+The exit value of this program is negative on error, and the number of
+conflicts otherwise. If the merge was clean, the exit value is 0.
+
+'git merge-file' is designed to be a minimal clone of RCS 'merge'; that is, it
+implements all of RCS 'merge''s functionality which is needed by
+linkgit:git[1].
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-L <label>::
+	This option may be given up to three times, and
+	specifies labels to be used in place of the
+	corresponding file names in conflict reports. That is,
+	`git merge-file -L x -L y -L z a b c` generates output that
+	looks like it came from files x, y and z instead of
+	from files a, b and c.
+
+-p::
+	Send results to standard output instead of overwriting
+	`<current-file>`.
+
+-q::
+	Quiet; do not warn about conflicts.
+
+--ours::
+--theirs::
+	Instead of leaving conflicts in the file, resolve conflicts
+	favouring our (or their) side of the lines.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+git merge-file README.my README README.upstream::
+
+	combines the changes of README.my and README.upstream since README,
+	tries to merge them and writes the result into README.my.
+
+git merge-file -L a -L b -L c tmp/a123 tmp/b234 tmp/c345::
+
+	merges tmp/a123 and tmp/c345 with the base tmp/b234, but uses labels
+	`a` and `c` instead of `tmp/a123` and `tmp/c345`.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Johannes Schindelin and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>,
+with parts copied from the original documentation of RCS 'merge'.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d266de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+git-merge-index(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-merge-index - Run a merge for files needing merging
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git merge-index' [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] <file>\*)
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This looks up the <file>(s) in the index and, if there are any merge
+entries, passes the SHA1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
+argument if no file), and <file> as argument 4.  File modes for the three
+files are passed as arguments 5, 6 and 7.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+-a::
+	Run merge against all files in the index that need merging.
+
+-o::
+	Instead of stopping at the first failed merge, do all of them
+	in one shot - continue with merging even when previous merges
+	returned errors, and only return the error code after all the
+	merges.
+
+-q::
+	Do not complain about a failed merge program (a merge program
+	failure usually indicates conflicts during the merge). This is for
+	porcelains which might want to emit custom messages.
+
+If 'git merge-index' is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it
+processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
+code.
+
+Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
+the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
+
+A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
+distribution.
+
+ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
+RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the
+original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
+'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
+
+Examples:
+
+  torvalds@ppc970:~/merge-test> git merge-index cat MM
+  This is MM from the original tree.			# original
+  This is modified MM in the branch A.			# merge1
+  This is modified MM in the branch B.			# merge2
+  This is modified MM in the branch B.			# current contents
+
+or
+
+  torvalds@ppc970:~/merge-test> git merge-index cat AA MM
+  cat: : No such file or directory
+  This is added AA in the branch A.
+  This is added AA in the branch B.
+  This is added AA in the branch B.
+  fatal: merge program failed
+
+where the latter example shows how 'git merge-index' will stop trying to
+merge once anything has returned an error (i.e., `cat` returned an error
+for the AA file, because it didn't exist in the original, and thus
+'git merge-index' didn't even try to merge the MM thing).
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+One-shot merge by Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-one-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-one-file.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a163cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-one-file.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+git-merge-one-file(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-merge-one-file - The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git merge-one-file'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This is the standard helper program to use with 'git merge-index'
+to resolve a merge after the trivial merge done with 'git read-tree -m'.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>,
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f869a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+git-merge-tree(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-merge-tree - Show three-way merge without touching index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git merge-tree' <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and
+conflicting stages to the standard output.  This is similar to
+what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the
+results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the
+standard output.
+
+This is meant to be used by higher level scripts to compute
+merge results outside of the index, and stuff the results back into the
+index.  For this reason, the output from the command omits
+entries that match the <branch1> tree.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c9618c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+git-merge(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-merge - Join two or more development histories together
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [-s <strategy>]...
+	[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] <commit>...
+'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Incorporates changes from the named commits (since the time their
+histories diverged from the current branch) into the current
+branch.  This command is used by 'git pull' to incorporate changes
+from another repository and can be used by hand to merge changes
+from one branch into another.
+
+Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
+"`master`":
+
+------------
+	  A---B---C topic
+	 /
+    D---E---F---G master
+------------
+
+Then "`git merge topic`" will replay the changes made on the
+`topic` branch since it diverged from `master` (i.e., `E`) until
+its current commit (`C`) on top of `master`, and record the result
+in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits and
+a log message from the user describing the changes.
+
+------------
+	  A---B---C topic
+	 /         \
+    D---E---F---G---H master
+------------
+
+The second syntax (<msg> `HEAD` <commit>...) is supported for
+historical reasons.  Do not use it from the command line or in
+new scripts.  It is the same as `git merge -m <msg> <commit>...`.
+
+*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
+discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
+back out of in the case of a conflict.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+include::merge-options.txt[]
+
+-m <msg>::
+	Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in
+	case one is created). The 'git fmt-merge-msg' command can be
+	used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
+	invocations.
+
+--rerere-autoupdate::
+--no-rerere-autoupdate::
+	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
+	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
+
+<commit>...::
+	Commits, usually other branch heads, to merge into our branch.
+	You need at least one <commit>.  Specifying more than one
+	<commit> obviously means you are trying an Octopus.
+
+
+PRE-MERGE CHECKS
+----------------
+
+Before applying outside changes, you should get your own work in
+good shape and committed locally, so it will not be clobbered if
+there are conflicts.  See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
+'git pull' and 'git merge' will stop without doing anything when
+local uncommitted changes overlap with files that 'git pull'/'git
+merge' may need to update.
+
+To avoid recording unrelated changes in the merge commit,
+'git pull' and 'git merge' will also abort if there are any changes
+registered in the index relative to the `HEAD` commit.  (One
+exception is when the changed index entries are in the state that
+would result from the merge already.)
+
+If all named commits are already ancestors of `HEAD`, 'git merge'
+will exit early with the message "Already up-to-date."
+
+FAST-FORWARD MERGE
+------------------
+
+Often the current branch head is an ancestor of the named commit.
+This is the most common case especially when invoked from 'git
+pull': you are tracking an upstream repository, you have committed
+no local changes, and now you want to update to a newer upstream
+revision.  In this case, a new commit is not needed to store the
+combined history; instead, the `HEAD` (along with the index) is
+updated to point at the named commit, without creating an extra
+merge commit.
+
+This behavior can be suppressed with the `--no-ff` option.
+
+TRUE MERGE
+----------
+
+Except in a fast-forward merge (see above), the branches to be
+merged must be tied together by a merge commit that has both of them
+as its parents.
+
+A merged version reconciling the changes from all branches to be
+merged is committed, and your `HEAD`, index, and working tree are
+updated to it.  It is possible to have modifications in the working
+tree as long as they do not overlap; the update will preserve them.
+
+When it is not obvious how to reconcile the changes, the following
+happens:
+
+1. The `HEAD` pointer stays the same.
+2. The `MERGE_HEAD` ref is set to point to the other branch head.
+3. Paths that merged cleanly are updated both in the index file and
+   in your working tree.
+4. For conflicting paths, the index file records up to three
+   versions: stage 1 stores the version from the common ancestor,
+   stage 2 from `HEAD`, and stage 3 from `MERGE_HEAD` (you
+   can inspect the stages with `git ls-files -u`).  The working
+   tree files contain the result of the "merge" program; i.e. 3-way
+   merge results with familiar conflict markers `<<<` `===` `>>>`.
+5. No other changes are made.  In particular, the local
+   modifications you had before you started merge will stay the
+   same and the index entries for them stay as they were,
+   i.e. matching `HEAD`.
+
+If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
+want to start over, you can recover with `git reset --merge`.
+
+HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
+---------------------------
+
+During a merge, the working tree files are updated to reflect the result
+of the merge.  Among the changes made to the common ancestor's version,
+non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the
+other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the
+final result verbatim.  When both sides made changes to the same area,
+however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
+resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
+
+By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program
+from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:
+
+------------
+Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common
+ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed.
+<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt
+Conflict resolution is hard;
+let's go shopping.
+=======
+Git makes conflict resolution easy.
+>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt
+And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified.
+------------
+
+The area where a pair of conflicting changes happened is marked with markers
+`<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>`.  The part before the `=======`
+is typically your side, and the part afterwards is typically their side.
+
+The default format does not show what the original said in the conflicting
+area.  You cannot tell how many lines are deleted and replaced with
+Barbie's remark on your side.  The only thing you can tell is that your
+side wants to say it is hard and you'd prefer to go shopping, while the
+other side wants to claim it is easy.
+
+An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictstyle"
+configuration variable to "diff3".  In "diff3" style, the above conflict
+may look like this:
+
+------------
+Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common
+ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed.
+<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt
+Conflict resolution is hard;
+let's go shopping.
+|||||||
+Conflict resolution is hard.
+=======
+Git makes conflict resolution easy.
+>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt
+And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified.
+------------
+
+In addition to the `<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>` markers, it uses
+another `|||||||` marker that is followed by the original text.  You can
+tell that the original just stated a fact, and your side simply gave in to
+that statement and gave up, while the other side tried to have a more
+positive attitude.  You can sometimes come up with a better resolution by
+viewing the original.
+
+
+HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS
+------------------------
+
+After seeing a conflict, you can do two things:
+
+ * Decide not to merge.  The only clean-ups you need are to reset
+   the index file to the `HEAD` commit to reverse 2. and to clean
+   up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; `git-reset --hard` can
+   be used for this.
+
+ * Resolve the conflicts.  Git will mark the conflicts in
+   the working tree.  Edit the files into shape and
+   'git add' them to the index.  Use 'git commit' to seal the deal.
+
+You can work through the conflict with a number of tools:
+
+ * Use a mergetool.  `git mergetool` to launch a graphical
+   mergetool which will work you through the merge.
+
+ * Look at the diffs.  `git diff` will show a three-way diff,
+   highlighting changes from both the `HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`
+   versions.
+
+ * Look at the diffs from each branch. `git log --merge -p <path>`
+   will show diffs first for the `HEAD` version and then the
+   `MERGE_HEAD` version.
+
+ * Look at the originals.  `git show :1:filename` shows the
+   common ancestor, `git show :2:filename` shows the `HEAD`
+   version, and `git show :3:filename` shows the `MERGE_HEAD`
+   version.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Merge branches `fixes` and `enhancements` on top of
+  the current branch, making an octopus merge:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge fixes enhancements
+------------------------------------------------
+
+* Merge branch `obsolete` into the current branch, using `ours`
+  merge strategy:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge -s ours obsolete
+------------------------------------------------
+
+* Merge branch `maint` into the current branch, but do not make
+  a new commit automatically:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge --no-commit maint
+------------------------------------------------
++
+This can be used when you want to include further changes to the
+merge, or want to write your own merge commit message.
++
+You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial
+changes into a merge commit.  Small fixups like bumping
+release/version name would be acceptable.
+
+
+include::merge-strategies.txt[]
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+include::merge-config.txt[]
+
+branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
+	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
+	supported options are the same as those of 'git merge', but option
+	values containing whitespace characters are currently not supported.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fmt-merge-msg[1], linkgit:git-pull[1],
+linkgit:gitattributes[5],
+linkgit:git-reset[1],
+linkgit:git-diff[1], linkgit:git-ls-files[1],
+linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-mergetool[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78eb03f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+git-mergetool--lib(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'TOOL_MODE=(diff|merge) . "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This is not a command the end user would want to run.  Ever.
+This documentation is meant for people who are studying the
+Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
+
+The 'git-mergetool--lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
+`.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working
+with git merge tools.
+
+Before sourcing 'git-mergetool--lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE`
+to define the operation mode for the functions listed below.
+'diff' and 'merge' are valid values.
+
+FUNCTIONS
+---------
+get_merge_tool::
+	returns a merge tool.
+
+get_merge_tool_cmd::
+	returns the custom command for a merge tool.
+
+get_merge_tool_path::
+	returns the custom path for a merge tool.
+
+run_merge_tool::
+	launches a merge tool given the tool name and a true/false
+	flag to indicate whether a merge base is present.
+	'$MERGED', '$LOCAL', '$REMOTE', and '$BASE' must be defined
+	for use by the merge tool.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by David Aguilar <davvid@gmail.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Aguilar and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55735fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+git-mergetool(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mergetool - Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<file>]...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Use `git mergetool` to run one of several merge utilities to resolve
+merge conflicts.  It is typically run after 'git merge'.
+
+If one or more <file> parameters are given, the merge tool program will
+be run to resolve differences on each file.  If no <file> names are
+specified, 'git mergetool' will run the merge tool program on every file
+with merge conflicts.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-t <tool>::
+--tool=<tool>::
+	Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>.
+	Valid merge tools are:
+	kdiff3, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff, ecmerge,
+	diffuse, tortoisemerge, opendiff, p4merge and araxis.
++
+If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool'
+will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`.  If the
+configuration variable `merge.tool` is not set, 'git mergetool'
+will pick a suitable default.
++
+You can explicitly provide a full path to the tool by setting the
+configuration variable `mergetool.<tool>.path`. For example, you
+can configure the absolute path to kdiff3 by setting
+`mergetool.kdiff3.path`. Otherwise, 'git mergetool' assumes the
+tool is available in PATH.
++
+Instead of running one of the known merge tool programs,
+'git mergetool' can be customized to run an alternative program
+by specifying the command line to invoke in a configuration
+variable `mergetool.<tool>.cmd`.
++
+When 'git mergetool' is invoked with this tool (either through the
+`-t` or `--tool` option or the `merge.tool` configuration
+variable) the configured command line will be invoked with `$BASE`
+set to the name of a temporary file containing the common base for
+the merge, if available; `$LOCAL` set to the name of a temporary
+file containing the contents of the file on the current branch;
+`$REMOTE` set to the name of a temporary file containing the
+contents of the file to be merged, and `$MERGED` set to the name
+of the file to which the merge tool should write the result of the
+merge resolution.
++
+If the custom merge tool correctly indicates the success of a
+merge resolution with its exit code, then the configuration
+variable `mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode` can be set to `true`.
+Otherwise, 'git mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the
+success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited.
+
+-y::
+--no-prompt::
+	Don't prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution
+	program.
+
+--prompt::
+	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
+	This is the default behaviour; the option is provided to
+	override any configuration settings.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Theodore Y Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Theodore Y Ts'o.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bcc114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+git-mktag(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mktag - Creates a tag object
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git mktag' < signature_file
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads a tag contents on standard input and creates a tag object
+that can also be used to sign other objects.
+
+The output is the new tag's <object> identifier.
+
+Tag Format
+----------
+A tag signature file has a very simple fixed format: four lines of
+
+  object <sha1>
+  type <typename>
+  tag <tagname>
+  tagger <tagger>
+
+followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created
+by older git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
+exists, is separated by a blank line from the header.  The
+message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't
+care about, but that can be verified with gpg.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktree.txt b/Documentation/git-mktree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81e3326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+git-mktree(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mktree - Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git mktree' [-z] [--missing] [--batch]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads standard input in non-recursive `ls-tree` output format, and creates
+a tree object.  The order of the tree entries is normalised by mktree so
+pre-sorting the input is not required.  The object name of the tree object
+built is written to the standard output.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-z::
+	Read the NUL-terminated `ls-tree -z` output instead.
+
+--missing::
+	Allow missing objects.  The default behaviour (without this option)
+	is to verify that each tree entry's sha1 identifies an existing
+	object.  This option has no effect on the treatment of gitlink entries
+	(aka "submodules") which are always allowed to be missing.
+
+--batch::
+	Allow building of more than one tree object before exiting.  Each
+	tree is separated by as single blank line. The final new-line is
+	optional.  Note - if the '-z' option is used, lines are terminated
+	with NUL.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdcb585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+git-mv(1)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-mv - Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git mv' <options>... <args>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This script is used to move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
+
+ git mv [-f] [-n] <source> <destination>
+ git mv [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> ... <destination directory>
+
+In the first form, it renames <source>, which must exist and be either
+a file, symlink or directory, to <destination>.
+In the second form, the last argument has to be an existing
+directory; the given sources will be moved into this directory.
+
+The index is updated after successful completion, but the change must still be
+committed.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-f::
+--force::
+	Force renaming or moving of a file even if the target exists
+-k::
+        Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
+	condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor
+        controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing
+        file unless '-f' is given.
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Do nothing; only show what would happen
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+Rewritten by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+Move functionality added by Josef Weidendorfer <Josef.Weidendorfer@gmx.de>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2108237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+git-name-rev(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-name-rev - Find symbolic names for given revs
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>]
+	       ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... )
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Finds symbolic names suitable for human digestion for revisions given in any
+format parsable by 'git rev-parse'.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--tags::
+	Do not use branch names, but only tags to name the commits
+
+--refs=<pattern>::
+	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.
+
+--all::
+	List all commits reachable from all refs
+
+--stdin::
+	Read from stdin, append "(<rev_name>)" to all sha1's of nameable
+	commits, and pass to stdout
+
+--name-only::
+	Instead of printing both the SHA-1 and the name, print only
+	the name.  If given with --tags the usual tag prefix of
+	"tags/" is also omitted from the name, matching the output
+	of `git-describe` more closely.
+
+--no-undefined::
+	Die with error code != 0 when a reference is undefined,
+	instead of printing `undefined`.
+
+--always::
+	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+Given a commit, find out where it is relative to the local refs. Say somebody
+wrote you about that fantastic commit 33db5f4d9027a10e477ccf054b2c1ab94f74c85a.
+Of course, you look into the commit, but that only tells you what happened, but
+not the context.
+
+Enter 'git name-rev':
+
+------------
+% git name-rev 33db5f4d9027a10e477ccf054b2c1ab94f74c85a
+33db5f4d9027a10e477ccf054b2c1ab94f74c85a tags/v0.99~940
+------------
+
+Now you are wiser, because you know that it happened 940 revisions before v0.99.
+
+Another nice thing you can do is:
+
+------------
+% git log | git name-rev --stdin
+------------
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Johannes Schindelin.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4487ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+git-notes(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-notes - Add/inspect commit notes
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git notes' (edit [-F <file> | -m <msg>] | show) [commit]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command allows you to add notes to commit messages, without
+changing the commit.  To discern these notes from the message stored
+in the commit object, the notes are indented like the message, after
+an unindented line saying "Notes:".
+
+To disable commit notes, you have to set the config variable
+core.notesRef to the empty string.  Alternatively, you can set it
+to a different ref, something like "refs/notes/bugzilla".  This setting
+can be overridden by the environment variable "GIT_NOTES_REF".
+
+
+SUBCOMMANDS
+-----------
+
+edit::
+	Edit the notes for a given commit (defaults to HEAD).
+
+show::
+	Show the notes for a given commit (defaults to HEAD).
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-m <msg>::
+	Use the given note message (instead of prompting).
+	If multiple `-m` (or `-F`) options are given, their
+	values are concatenated as separate paragraphs.
+
+-F <file>::
+	Take the note message from the given file.  Use '-' to
+	read the note message from the standard input.
+	If multiple `-F` (or `-m`) options are given, their
+	values are concatenated as separate paragraphs.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Johannes Schindelin
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd5025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+git-pack-objects(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-pack-objects - Create a packed archive of objects
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git pack-objects' [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
+	[--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
+	[--local] [--incremental] [--window=N] [--depth=N]
+	[--revs [--unpacked | --all]*] [--stdout | base-name]
+	[--keep-true-parents] < object-list
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads list of objects from the standard input, and writes a packed
+archive with specified base-name, or to the standard output.
+
+A packed archive is an efficient way to transfer set of objects
+between two repositories, and also is an archival format which
+is efficient to access.  The packed archive format (.pack) is
+designed to be self contained so that it can be unpacked without
+any further information, but for fast, random access to the objects
+in the pack, a pack index file (.idx) will be generated.
+
+Placing both in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
+any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
+enables git to read from such an archive.
+
+The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
+expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
+one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
+commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
+transport by their peers.
+
+In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a compressed
+whole, or as a difference from some other object.  The latter is
+often called a delta.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+base-name::
+	Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
+	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
+	When this option is used, the two files are written in
+	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
+	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
+	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
+	output of the command.
+
+--stdout::
+	Write the pack contents (what would have been written to
+	.pack file) out to the standard output.
+
+--revs::
+	Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
+	individual object names.  The revision arguments are processed
+	the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
+	uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
+	outputs.  The objects on the resulting list are packed.
+
+--unpacked::
+	This implies `--revs`.  When processing the list of
+	revision arguments read from the standard input, limit
+	the objects packed to those that are not already packed.
+
+--all::
+	This implies `--revs`.  In addition to the list of
+	revision arguments read from the standard input, pretend
+	as if all refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs` are specified to be
+	included.
+
+--include-tag::
+	Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
+	reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
+	can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
+
+--window=[N]::
+--depth=[N]::
+	These two options affect how the objects contained in
+	the pack are stored using delta compression.  The
+	objects are first internally sorted by type, size and
+	optionally names and compared against the other objects
+	within --window to see if using delta compression saves
+	space.  --depth limits the maximum delta depth; making
+	it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker
+	side, because delta data needs to be applied that many
+	times to get to the necessary object.
+	The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50.
+
+--window-memory=[N]::
+	This option provides an additional limit on top of `--window`;
+	the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
+	up more than N bytes in memory.  This is useful in
+	repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
+	out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
+	advantage of the large window for the smaller objects.  The
+	size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
+	`--window-memory=0` makes memory usage unlimited, which is the
+	default.
+
+--max-pack-size=[N]::
+	Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
+	"k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
+	If specified,  multiple packfiles may be created.
+	The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
+	`pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
+
+--honor-pack-keep::
+	This flag causes an object already in a local pack that
+	has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it appears in the
+	standard input.
+
+--incremental::
+	This flag causes an object already in a pack ignored
+	even if it appears in the standard input.
+
+--local::
+	This flag is similar to `--incremental`; instead of
+	ignoring all packed objects, it only ignores objects
+	that are packed and/or not in the local object store
+	(i.e. borrowed from an alternate).
+
+--non-empty::
+        Only create a packed archive if it would contain at
+        least one object.
+
+--progress::
+	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
+	by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
+	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
+	the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
+
+--all-progress::
+	When --stdout is specified then progress report is
+	displayed during the object count and compression phases
+	but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
+	that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
+	to another command which may wish to display progress
+	status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
+	This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
+	report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
+	used.
+
+--all-progress-implied::
+	This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
+	is activated.  Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
+	force any progress display by itself.
+
+-q::
+	This flag makes the command not to report its progress
+	on the standard error stream.
+
+--no-reuse-delta::
+	When creating a packed archive in a repository that
+	has existing packs, the command reuses existing deltas.
+	This sometimes results in a slightly suboptimal pack.
+	This flag tells the command not to reuse existing deltas
+	but compute them from scratch.
+
+--no-reuse-object::
+	This flag tells the command not to reuse existing object data at all,
+	including non deltified object, forcing recompression of everything.
+	This implies --no-reuse-delta. Useful only in the obscure case where
+	wholesale enforcement of a different compression level on the
+	packed data is desired.
+
+--compression=[N]::
+	Specifies compression level for newly-compressed data in the
+	generated pack.  If not specified,  pack compression level is
+	determined first by pack.compression,  then by core.compression,
+	and defaults to -1,  the zlib default,  if neither is set.
+	Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
+	level on all data no matter the source.
+
+--delta-base-offset::
+	A packed archive can express base object of a delta as
+	either 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
+	stream, but older version of git does not understand the
+	latter.  By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
+	former format for better compatibility.  This option
+	allows the command to use the latter format for
+	compactness.  Depending on the average delta chain
+	length, this option typically shrinks the resulting
+	packfile by 3-5 per-cent.
+
+--threads=<n>::
+	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
+	delta matches.  This requires that pack-objects be compiled with
+	pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
+	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
+	The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
+	however multiplied by the number of threads.
+	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	and set the number of threads accordingly.
+
+--index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
+	This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
+	to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
+	64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
+
+--keep-true-parents::
+	With this option, parents that are hidden by grafts are packed
+	nevertheless.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
+linkgit:git-repack[1]
+linkgit:git-prune-packed[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-redundant.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-redundant.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d060787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-redundant.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+git-pack-redundant(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-pack-redundant - Find redundant pack files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git pack-redundant' [ --verbose ] [ --alt-odb ] < --all | .pack filename ... >
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This program computes which packs in your repository
+are redundant. The output is suitable for piping to
+`xargs rm` if you are in the root of the repository.
+
+'git pack-redundant' accepts a list of objects on standard input. Any objects
+given will be ignored when checking which packs are required. This makes the
+following command useful when wanting to remove packs which contain unreachable
+objects.
+
+git fsck --full --unreachable | cut -d ' ' -f3 | \
+git pack-redundant --all | xargs rm
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+
+--all::
+	Processes all packs. Any filenames on the command line are ignored.
+
+--alt-odb::
+	Don't require objects present in packs from alternate object
+	directories to be present in local packs.
+
+--verbose::
+	Outputs some statistics to stderr. Has a small performance penalty.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+linkgit:git-repack[1]
+linkgit:git-prune-packed[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ee99c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+git-pack-refs(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-pack-refs - Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git pack-refs' [--all] [--no-prune]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as
+'refs') were stored one file per ref under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
+directory.  While many branch tips tend to be updated often,
+most tags and some branch tips are never updated.  When a
+repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this
+one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts
+performance.
+
+This command is used to solve the storage and performance
+problem by stashing the refs in a single file,
+`$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`.  When a ref is missing from the
+traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy, it is looked up in this
+file and used if found.
+
+Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
+`$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy.
+
+A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
+refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and
+occasionally run `git pack-refs \--prune`.  Tags are by
+definition stationary and are not expected to change.  Branch
+heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but
+only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
+and the next `pack-refs` (without `--all`) will leave them
+unpacked.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--all::
+
+The command by default packs all tags and refs that are already
+packed, and leaves other refs
+alone.  This is because branches are expected to be actively
+developed and packing their tips does not help performance.
+This option causes branch tips to be packed as well.  Useful for
+a repository with many branches of historical interests.
+
+--no-prune::
+
+The command usually removes loose refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
+hierarchy after packing them.  This option tells it not to.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-parse-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-parse-remote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39d9daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-parse-remote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+git-parse-remote(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-parse-remote - Routines to help parsing remote repository access parameters
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'. "$(git --exec-path)/git-parse-remote"'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This script is included in various scripts to supply
+routines to parse files under $GIT_DIR/remotes/ and
+$GIT_DIR/branches/ and configuration variables that are related
+to fetching, pulling and pushing.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dae139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+git-patch-id(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-patch-id - Compute unique ID for a patch
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git patch-id' < <patch>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
+whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably stable", but at
+the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that have the same "patch
+ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
+
+IOW, you can use this thing to look for likely duplicate commits.
+
+When dealing with 'git diff-tree' output, it takes advantage of
+the fact that the patch is prefixed with the object name of the
+commit, and outputs two 40-byte hexadecimal strings.  The first
+string is the patch ID, and the second string is the commit ID.
+This can be used to make a mapping from patch ID to commit ID.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<patch>::
+	The diff to create the ID of.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87dacd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+git-peek-remote(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-peek-remote - List the references in a remote repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git peek-remote' [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [<host>:]<directory>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command is deprecated; use 'git ls-remote' instead.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>::
+	Use this to specify the path to 'git-upload-pack' on the
+	remote side, if it is not found on your $PATH. Some
+	installations of sshd ignores the user's environment
+	setup scripts for login shells (e.g. .bash_profile) and
+	your privately installed git may not be found on the system
+	default $PATH.  Another workaround suggested is to set
+	up your $PATH in ".bashrc", but this flag is for people
+	who do not want to pay the overhead for non-interactive
+	shells, but prefer having a lean .bashrc file (they set most of
+	the things up in .bash_profile).
+
+<host>::
+	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
+	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
+	ssh.
+
+<directory>::
+	The repository to sync from.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abfc6b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+git-prune-packed(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-prune-packed - Remove extra objects that are already in pack files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git prune-packed' [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently
+exist in a pack file as well as the independent object directories.
+
+All such extra objects are removed.
+
+A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with delta
+compression applied, stored in a single file, with an associated index file.
+
+Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup engines,
+disk storage, etc.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+        Don't actually remove any objects, only show those that would have been
+        removed.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Squelch the progress indicator.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+linkgit:git-repack[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb7304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+git-prune(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-prune - Prune all unreachable objects from the object database
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] [--] [<head>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+NOTE: In most cases, users should run 'git gc', which calls
+'git prune'. See the section "NOTES", below.
+
+This runs 'git fsck --unreachable' using all the refs
+available in `$GIT_DIR/refs`, optionally with additional set of
+objects specified on the command line, and prunes all unpacked
+objects unreachable from any of these head objects from the object database.
+In addition, it
+prunes the unpacked objects that are also found in packs by
+running 'git prune-packed'.
+
+Note that unreachable, packed objects will remain.  If this is
+not desired, see linkgit:git-repack[1].
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-n::
+	Do not remove anything; just report what it would
+	remove.
+
+-v::
+	Report all removed objects.
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+--expire <time>::
+	Only expire loose objects older than <time>.
+
+<head>...::
+	In addition to objects
+	reachable from any of our references, keep objects
+	reachable from listed <head>s.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To prune objects not used by your repository nor another that
+borrows from your repository via its
+`.git/objects/info/alternates`:
+
+------------
+$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all))
+------------
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+In most cases, users will not need to call 'git prune' directly, but
+should instead call 'git gc', which handles pruning along with
+many other housekeeping tasks.
+
+For a description of which objects are considered for pruning, see
+'git fsck''s --unreachable option.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+
+linkgit:git-fsck[1],
+linkgit:git-gc[1],
+linkgit:git-reflog[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31f42ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+git-pull(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git pull' <options> <repository> <refspec>...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Runs 'git fetch' with the given parameters, and calls 'git merge'
+to merge the retrieved head(s) into the current branch.
+With `--rebase`, calls 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
+
+Note that you can use `.` (current directory) as the
+<repository> to pull from the local repository -- this is useful
+when merging local branches into the current branch.
+
+Also note that options meant for 'git pull' itself and underlying
+'git merge' must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
+
+*Warning*: Running 'git pull' (actually, the underlying 'git merge')
+with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
+in a state that is hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+Options related to merging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+include::merge-options.txt[]
+
+:git-pull: 1
+
+--rebase::
+	Instead of a merge, perform a rebase after fetching.  If
+	there is a remote ref for the upstream branch, and this branch
+	was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
+	to avoid rebasing non-local changes. To make this the default
+	for branch `<name>`, set configuration `branch.<name>.rebase`
+	to `true`.
++
+[NOTE]
+This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
+It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
+published that history already.  Do *not* use this option
+unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
+
+--no-rebase::
+	Override earlier --rebase.
+
+Options related to fetching
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+include::fetch-options.txt[]
+
+include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
+
+include::urls-remotes.txt[]
+
+include::merge-strategies.txt[]
+
+DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
+-----------------
+
+Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
+Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
+origin`.  However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
+present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
+`origin`.
+
+In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
+of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
+and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
+in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
+
+In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
+optionally store in the tracking branches) when the command is
+run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
+of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
+consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
+file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
+In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
+section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
+
+------------
+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+------------
+
+A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
+what were fetched in tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
+must end with `/*`.  The above specifies that all remote
+branches are tracked using tracking branches in
+`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
+
+The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
+fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
+compatibility.
+
+If explicit refspecs were given on the command
+line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
+
+When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
+uses the refspec from the configuration or
+`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`.  In such cases, the following
+rules apply:
+
+. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
+  branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
+  remote site that is merged.
+
+. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
+
+. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
+  you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
+  current branch:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull, git pull origin
+------------------------------------------------
++
+Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
+but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
+branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
+
+* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull origin next
+------------------------------------------------
++
+This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
+does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
+branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch origin
+$ git merge origin/next
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
+would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Jon Loeliger,
+David Greaves,
+Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73a921c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+git-push(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
+	   [<repository> <refspec>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects
+necessary to complete the given refs.
+
+You can make interesting things happen to a repository
+every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there.  See
+documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
+
+
+OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
+------------------
+<repository>::
+	The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
+	operation.  This parameter can be either a URL
+	(see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
+	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
+
+<refspec>...::
+	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
+	`{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
+	It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
+	in the remote repository is to be updated.
++
+The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
+it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
+`HEAD` (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]).
++
+The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
+push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
+be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
+updated.
++
+The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
+on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
+update can fast-forward <dst>.  By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
+you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
+fast-forward.  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
+EXAMPLES below for details.
++
+`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
++
+Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
+the remote repository.
++
+The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
+directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
+already exists on the remote side.  This is the default operation mode
+if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
+nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
+
+--all::
+	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
+	refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` be pushed.
+
+--mirror::
+	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
+	refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` (which includes but is not
+	limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`)
+	be mirrored to the remote repository.  Newly created local
+	refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
+	will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
+	will be removed from the remote end.  This is the default
+	if the configuration option `remote.<remote>.mirror` is
+	set.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Do everything except actually send the updates.
+
+--porcelain::
+	Produce machine-readable output.  The output status line for each ref
+	will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr.  The full
+	symbolic names of the refs will be given.
+
+--delete::
+	All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is
+	the same as prefixing all refs with a colon.
+
+--tags::
+	All refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are pushed, in
+	addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
+	line.
+
+--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
+--exec=<git-receive-pack>::
+	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
+	end.  Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
+	repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
+	a directory on the default $PATH.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
+	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
+	This flag disables the check.  This can cause the
+	remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
+
+--repo=<repository>::
+	This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
+	passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git push' derives the
+	remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
+	branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
+	the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
+	can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
+	the difference between these two commands
++
+--------------------------
+git push public         #1
+git push --repo=public  #2
+--------------------------
++
+is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
+only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
+useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
+
+-u::
+--set-upstream::
+	For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
+	upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
+	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
+	see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+--thin::
+--no-thin::
+	These options are passed to 'git send-pack'.  Thin
+	transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of
+	objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Run verbosely.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs,
+	unless an error occurs.
+
+include::urls-remotes.txt[]
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
+section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
+locally or via ssh).
+
+The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
+representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:
+
+-------------------------------
+ <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)
+-------------------------------
+
+If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form:
+
+-------------------------------
+ <flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>)
+-------------------------------
+
+flag::
+	A single character indicating the status of the ref. This is
+	blank for a successfully pushed ref, `!` for a ref that was
+	rejected or failed to push, and '=' for a ref that was up to
+	date and did not need pushing (note that the status of up to
+	date refs is shown only when `git push` is running verbosely).
+
+summary::
+	For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
+	values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
+	`git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
+	`<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates). For a
+	failed update, more details are given for the failure.
+	The string `rejected` indicates that git did not try to send the
+	ref at all (typically because it is not a fast-forward). The
+	string `remote rejected` indicates that the remote end refused
+	the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the
+	remote side. The string `remote failure` indicates that the
+	remote end did not report the successful update of the ref
+	(perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a
+	break in the network connection, or other transient error).
+
+from::
+	The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its
+	`refs/<type>/` prefix. In the case of deletion, the
+	name of the local ref is omitted.
+
+to::
+	The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its
+	`refs/<type>/` prefix.
+
+reason::
+	A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
+	refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
+	failure is described.
+
+Note about fast-forwards
+------------------------
+
+When an update changes a branch (or more in general, a ref) that used to
+point at commit A to point at another commit B, it is called a
+fast-forward update if and only if B is a descendant of A.
+
+In a fast-forward update from A to B, the set of commits that the original
+commit A built on top of is a subset of the commits the new commit B
+builds on top of.  Hence, it does not lose any history.
+
+In contrast, a non-fast-forward update will lose history.  For example,
+suppose you and somebody else started at the same commit X, and you built
+a history leading to commit B while the other person built a history
+leading to commit A.  The history looks like this:
+
+----------------
+
+      B
+     /
+ ---X---A
+
+----------------
+
+Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to A
+back to the original repository you two obtained the original commit X.
+
+The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point at
+commit X to point at commit A.  It is a fast-forward.
+
+But if you try to push, you will attempt to update the branch (that
+now points at A) with commit B.  This does _not_ fast-forward.  If you did
+so, the changes introduced by commit A will be lost, because everybody
+will now start building on top of B.
+
+The command by default does not allow an update that is not a fast-forward
+to prevent such loss of history.
+
+If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) nor the work by
+the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch the
+history from the repository, create a history that contains changes done
+by both parties, and push the result back.
+
+You can perform "git pull", resolve potential conflicts, and "git push"
+the result.  A "git pull" will create a merge commit C between commits A
+and B.
+
+----------------
+
+      B---C
+     /   /
+ ---X---A
+
+----------------
+
+Updating A with the resulting merge commit will fast-forward and your
+push will be accepted.
+
+Alternatively, you can rebase your change between X and B on top of A,
+with "git pull --rebase", and push the result back.  The rebase will
+create a new commit D that builds the change between X and B on top of
+A.
+
+----------------
+
+      B   D
+     /   /
+ ---X---A
+
+----------------
+
+Again, updating A with this commit will fast-forward and your push will be
+accepted.
+
+There is another common situation where you may encounter non-fast-forward
+rejection when you try to push, and it is possible even when you are
+pushing into a repository nobody else pushes into. After you push commit
+A yourself (in the first picture in this section), replace it with "git
+commit --amend" to produce commit B, and you try to push it out, because
+forgot that you have pushed A out already. In such a case, and only if
+you are certain that nobody in the meantime fetched your earlier commit A
+(and started building on top of it), you can run "git push --force" to
+overwrite it. In other words, "git push --force" is a method reserved for
+a case where you do mean to lose history.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+git push::
+	Works like `git push <remote>`, where <remote> is the
+	current branch's remote (or `origin`, if no remote is
+	configured for the current branch).
+
+git push origin::
+	Without additional configuration, works like
+	`git push origin :`.
++
+The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
+configured by setting the `push` option of the remote.
++
+For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
+use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`.  Any valid <refspec> (like
+the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
+`git push origin`.
+
+git push origin :::
+	Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See
+	<refspec> in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a
+	description of "matching" branches.
+
+git push origin master::
+	Find a ref that matches `master` in the source repository
+	(most likely, it would find `refs/heads/master`), and update
+	the same ref (e.g. `refs/heads/master`) in `origin` repository
+	with it.  If `master` did not exist remotely, it would be
+	created.
+
+git push origin HEAD::
+	A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
+	remote.
+
+git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev::
+	Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+	to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
+	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
+	do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
+
+git push origin HEAD:master::
+	Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
+	`origin` repository. This form is convenient to push the current
+	branch without thinking about its local name.
+
+git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental::
+	Create the branch `experimental` in the `origin` repository
+	by copying the current `master` branch.  This form is only
+	needed to create a new branch or tag in the remote repository when
+	the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise,
+	the ref name on its own will work.
+
+git push origin :experimental::
+	Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
+	(e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
+
+git push origin {plus}dev:master::
+	Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
+	allowing non-fast-forward updates.  *This can leave unreferenced
+	commits dangling in the origin repository.*  Consider the
+	following situation, where a fast-forward is not possible:
++
+----
+	    o---o---o---A---B  origin/master
+		     \
+		      X---Y---Z  dev
+----
++
+The above command would change the origin repository to
++
+----
+		      A---B  (unnamed branch)
+		     /
+	    o---o---o---X---Y---Z  master
+----
++
+Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
+and so would be unreachable.  As such, these commits would be removed by
+a `git gc` command on the origin repository.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, later rewritten in C
+by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..579e8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+git-quiltimport(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-quiltimport - Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git quiltimport' [--dry-run | -n] [--author <author>] [--patches <dir>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving
+the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present
+in the quilt patchset.
+
+For each patch the code attempts to extract the author from the
+patch description.  If that fails it falls back to the author
+specified with --author.  If the --author flag was not given
+the patch description is displayed and the user is asked to
+interactively enter the author of the patch.
+
+If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is
+preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Walk through the patches in the series and warn
+	if we cannot find all of the necessary information to commit
+	a patch.  At the time of this writing only missing author
+	information is warned about.
+
+--author Author Name <Author Email>::
+	The author name and email address to use when no author
+	information can be found in the patch description.
+
+--patches <dir>::
+	The directory to find the quilt patches and the
+	quilt series file.
++
+The default for the patch directory is patches
+or the value of the $QUILT_PATCHES environment
+variable.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Eric Biederman <ebiederm@lnxi.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Eric Biederman <ebiederm@lnxi.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..567671c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+git-read-tree(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-read-tree - Reads tree information into the index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git read-tree' [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>]
+		[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]]
+		[--index-output=<file>] [--no-sparse-checkout]
+		<tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads the tree information given by <tree-ish> into the index,
+but does not actually *update* any of the files it "caches". (see:
+linkgit:git-checkout-index[1])
+
+Optionally, it can merge a tree into the index, perform a
+fast-forward (i.e. 2-way) merge, or a 3-way merge, with the `-m`
+flag.  When used with `-m`, the `-u` flag causes it to also update
+the files in the work tree with the result of the merge.
+
+Trivial merges are done by 'git read-tree' itself.  Only conflicting paths
+will be in unmerged state when 'git read-tree' returns.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-m::
+	Perform a merge, not just a read.  The command will
+	refuse to run if your index file has unmerged entries,
+	indicating that you have not finished previous merge you
+	started.
+
+--reset::
+        Same as -m, except that unmerged entries are discarded
+        instead of failing.
+
+-u::
+	After a successful merge, update the files in the work
+	tree with the result of the merge.
+
+-i::
+	Usually a merge requires the index file as well as the
+	files in the working tree are up to date with the
+	current head commit, in order not to lose local
+	changes.  This flag disables the check with the working
+	tree and is meant to be used when creating a merge of
+	trees that are not directly related to the current
+	working tree status into a temporary index file.
+
+-v::
+	Show the progress of checking files out.
+
+--trivial::
+	Restrict three-way merge by 'git read-tree' to happen
+	only if there is no file-level merging required, instead
+	of resolving merge for trivial cases and leaving
+	conflicting files unresolved in the index.
+
+--aggressive::
+	Usually a three-way merge by 'git read-tree' resolves
+	the merge for really trivial cases and leaves other
+	cases unresolved in the index, so that Porcelains can
+	implement different merge policies.  This flag makes the
+	command to resolve a few more cases internally:
++
+* when one side removes a path and the other side leaves the path
+  unmodified.  The resolution is to remove that path.
+* when both sides remove a path.  The resolution is to remove that path.
+* when both sides adds a path identically.  The resolution
+  is to add that path.
+
+--prefix=<prefix>/::
+	Keep the current index contents, and read the contents
+	of named tree-ish under directory at `<prefix>`.  The
+	original index file cannot have anything at the path
+	`<prefix>` itself, and have nothing in `<prefix>/`
+	directory.  Note that the `<prefix>/` value must end
+	with a slash.
+
+--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>::
+	When running the command with `-u` and `-m` options, the
+	merge result may need to overwrite paths that are not
+	tracked in the current branch.  The command usually
+	refuses to proceed with the merge to avoid losing such a
+	path.  However this safety valve sometimes gets in the
+	way.  For example, it often happens that the other
+	branch added a file that used to be a generated file in
+	your branch, and the safety valve triggers when you try
+	to switch to that branch after you ran `make` but before
+	running `make clean` to remove the generated file.  This
+	option tells the command to read per-directory exclude
+	file (usually '.gitignore') and allows such an untracked
+	but explicitly ignored file to be overwritten.
+
+--index-output=<file>::
+	Instead of writing the results out to `$GIT_INDEX_FILE`,
+	write the resulting index in the named file.  While the
+	command is operating, the original index file is locked
+	with the same mechanism as usual.  The file must allow
+	to be rename(2)ed into from a temporary file that is
+	created next to the usual index file; typically this
+	means it needs to be on the same filesystem as the index
+	file itself, and you need write permission to the
+	directories the index file and index output file are
+	located in.
+
+--no-sparse-checkout::
+	Disable sparse checkout support even if `core.sparseCheckout`
+	is true.
+
+<tree-ish#>::
+	The id of the tree object(s) to be read/merged.
+
+
+Merging
+-------
+If `-m` is specified, 'git read-tree' can perform 3 kinds of
+merge, a single tree merge if only 1 tree is given, a
+fast-forward merge with 2 trees, or a 3-way merge if 3 trees are
+provided.
+
+
+Single Tree Merge
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+If only 1 tree is specified, 'git read-tree' operates as if the user did not
+specify `-m`, except that if the original index has an entry for a
+given pathname, and the contents of the path matches with the tree
+being read, the stat info from the index is used. (In other words, the
+index's stat()s take precedence over the merged tree's).
+
+That means that if you do a `git read-tree -m <newtree>` followed by a
+`git checkout-index -f -u -a`, the 'git checkout-index' only checks out
+the stuff that really changed.
+
+This is used to avoid unnecessary false hits when 'git diff-files' is
+run after 'git read-tree'.
+
+
+Two Tree Merge
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Typically, this is invoked as `git read-tree -m $H $M`, where $H
+is the head commit of the current repository, and $M is the head
+of a foreign tree, which is simply ahead of $H (i.e. we are in a
+fast-forward situation).
+
+When two trees are specified, the user is telling 'git read-tree'
+the following:
+
+     1. The current index and work tree is derived from $H, but
+        the user may have local changes in them since $H;
+
+     2. The user wants to fast-forward to $M.
+
+In this case, the `git read-tree -m $H $M` command makes sure
+that no local change is lost as the result of this "merge".
+Here are the "carry forward" rules:
+
+        I (index)           H        M        Result
+       -------------------------------------------------------
+      0 nothing             nothing  nothing  (does not happen)
+      1 nothing             nothing  exists   use M
+      2 nothing             exists   nothing  remove path from index
+      3 nothing             exists   exists,  use M if "initial checkout"
+				     H == M   keep index otherwise
+				     exists   fail
+				     H != M
+
+        clean I==H  I==M
+       ------------------
+      4 yes   N/A   N/A     nothing  nothing  keep index
+      5 no    N/A   N/A     nothing  nothing  keep index
+
+      6 yes   N/A   yes     nothing  exists   keep index
+      7 no    N/A   yes     nothing  exists   keep index
+      8 yes   N/A   no      nothing  exists   fail
+      9 no    N/A   no      nothing  exists   fail
+
+     10 yes   yes   N/A     exists   nothing  remove path from index
+     11 no    yes   N/A     exists   nothing  fail
+     12 yes   no    N/A     exists   nothing  fail
+     13 no    no    N/A     exists   nothing  fail
+
+        clean (H=M)
+       ------
+     14 yes                 exists   exists   keep index
+     15 no                  exists   exists   keep index
+
+        clean I==H  I==M (H!=M)
+       ------------------
+     16 yes   no    no      exists   exists   fail
+     17 no    no    no      exists   exists   fail
+     18 yes   no    yes     exists   exists   keep index
+     19 no    no    yes     exists   exists   keep index
+     20 yes   yes   no      exists   exists   use M
+     21 no    yes   no      exists   exists   fail
+
+In all "keep index" cases, the index entry stays as in the
+original index file.  If the entry were not up to date,
+'git read-tree' keeps the copy in the work tree intact when
+operating under the -u flag.
+
+When this form of 'git read-tree' returns successfully, you can
+see what "local changes" you made are carried forward by running
+`git diff-index --cached $M`.  Note that this does not
+necessarily match `git diff-index --cached $H` would have
+produced before such a two tree merge.  This is because of cases
+18 and 19 --- if you already had the changes in $M (e.g. maybe
+you picked it up via e-mail in a patch form), `git diff-index
+--cached $H` would have told you about the change before this
+merge, but it would not show in `git diff-index --cached $M`
+output after two-tree merge.
+
+Case #3 is slightly tricky and needs explanation.  The result from this
+rule logically should be to remove the path if the user staged the removal
+of the path and then switching to a new branch.  That however will prevent
+the initial checkout from happening, so the rule is modified to use M (new
+tree) only when the contents of the index is empty.  Otherwise the removal
+of the path is kept as long as $H and $M are the same.
+
+3-Way Merge
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+Each "index" entry has two bits worth of "stage" state. stage 0 is the
+normal one, and is the only one you'd see in any kind of normal use.
+
+However, when you do 'git read-tree' with three trees, the "stage"
+starts out at 1.
+
+This means that you can do
+
+----------------
+$ git read-tree -m <tree1> <tree2> <tree3>
+----------------
+
+and you will end up with an index with all of the <tree1> entries in
+"stage1", all of the <tree2> entries in "stage2" and all of the
+<tree3> entries in "stage3".  When performing a merge of another
+branch into the current branch, we use the common ancestor tree
+as <tree1>, the current branch head as <tree2>, and the other
+branch head as <tree3>.
+
+Furthermore, 'git read-tree' has special-case logic that says: if you see
+a file that matches in all respects in the following states, it
+"collapses" back to "stage0":
+
+   - stage 2 and 3 are the same; take one or the other (it makes no
+     difference - the same work has been done on our branch in
+     stage 2 and their branch in stage 3)
+
+   - stage 1 and stage 2 are the same and stage 3 is different; take
+     stage 3 (our branch in stage 2 did not do anything since the
+     ancestor in stage 1 while their branch in stage 3 worked on
+     it)
+
+   - stage 1 and stage 3 are the same and stage 2 is different take
+     stage 2 (we did something while they did nothing)
+
+The 'git write-tree' command refuses to write a nonsensical tree, and it
+will complain about unmerged entries if it sees a single entry that is not
+stage 0.
+
+OK, this all sounds like a collection of totally nonsensical rules,
+but it's actually exactly what you want in order to do a fast
+merge. The different stages represent the "result tree" (stage 0, aka
+"merged"), the original tree (stage 1, aka "orig"), and the two trees
+you are trying to merge (stage 2 and 3 respectively).
+
+The order of stages 1, 2 and 3 (hence the order of three
+<tree-ish> command line arguments) are significant when you
+start a 3-way merge with an index file that is already
+populated.  Here is an outline of how the algorithm works:
+
+- if a file exists in identical format in all three trees, it will
+  automatically collapse to "merged" state by 'git read-tree'.
+
+- a file that has _any_ difference what-so-ever in the three trees
+  will stay as separate entries in the index. It's up to "porcelain
+  policy" to determine how to remove the non-0 stages, and insert a
+  merged version.
+
+- the index file saves and restores with all this information, so you
+  can merge things incrementally, but as long as it has entries in
+  stages 1/2/3 (i.e., "unmerged entries") you can't write the result. So
+  now the merge algorithm ends up being really simple:
+
+  * you walk the index in order, and ignore all entries of stage 0,
+    since they've already been done.
+
+  * if you find a "stage1", but no matching "stage2" or "stage3", you
+    know it's been removed from both trees (it only existed in the
+    original tree), and you remove that entry.
+
+  * if you find a matching "stage2" and "stage3" tree, you remove one
+    of them, and turn the other into a "stage0" entry. Remove any
+    matching "stage1" entry if it exists too.  .. all the normal
+    trivial rules ..
+
+You would normally use 'git merge-index' with supplied
+'git merge-one-file' to do this last step.  The script updates
+the files in the working tree as it merges each path and at the
+end of a successful merge.
+
+When you start a 3-way merge with an index file that is already
+populated, it is assumed that it represents the state of the
+files in your work tree, and you can even have files with
+changes unrecorded in the index file.  It is further assumed
+that this state is "derived" from the stage 2 tree.  The 3-way
+merge refuses to run if it finds an entry in the original index
+file that does not match stage 2.
+
+This is done to prevent you from losing your work-in-progress
+changes, and mixing your random changes in an unrelated merge
+commit.  To illustrate, suppose you start from what has been
+committed last to your repository:
+
+----------------
+$ JC=`git rev-parse --verify "HEAD^0"`
+$ git checkout-index -f -u -a $JC
+----------------
+
+You do random edits, without running 'git update-index'.  And then
+you notice that the tip of your "upstream" tree has advanced
+since you pulled from him:
+
+----------------
+$ git fetch git://.... linus
+$ LT=`cat .git/FETCH_HEAD`
+----------------
+
+Your work tree is still based on your HEAD ($JC), but you have
+some edits since.  Three-way merge makes sure that you have not
+added or modified index entries since $JC, and if you haven't,
+then does the right thing.  So with the following sequence:
+
+----------------
+$ git read-tree -m -u `git merge-base $JC $LT` $JC $LT
+$ git merge-index git-merge-one-file -a
+$ echo "Merge with Linus" | \
+  git commit-tree `git write-tree` -p $JC -p $LT
+----------------
+
+what you would commit is a pure merge between $JC and $LT without
+your work-in-progress changes, and your work tree would be
+updated to the result of the merge.
+
+However, if you have local changes in the working tree that
+would be overwritten by this merge, 'git read-tree' will refuse
+to run to prevent your changes from being lost.
+
+In other words, there is no need to worry about what exists only
+in the working tree.  When you have local changes in a part of
+the project that is not involved in the merge, your changes do
+not interfere with the merge, and are kept intact.  When they
+*do* interfere, the merge does not even start ('git read-tree'
+complains loudly and fails without modifying anything).  In such
+a case, you can simply continue doing what you were in the
+middle of doing, and when your working tree is ready (i.e. you
+have finished your work-in-progress), attempt the merge again.
+
+
+Sparse checkout
+---------------
+
+"Sparse checkout" allows to sparsely populate working directory.
+It uses skip-worktree bit (see linkgit:git-update-index[1]) to tell
+Git whether a file on working directory is worth looking at.
+
+"git read-tree" and other merge-based commands ("git merge", "git
+checkout"...) can help maintaining skip-worktree bitmap and working
+directory update. `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` is used to
+define the skip-worktree reference bitmap. When "git read-tree" needs
+to update working directory, it will reset skip-worktree bit in index
+based on this file, which uses the same syntax as .gitignore files.
+If an entry matches a pattern in this file, skip-worktree will be
+set on that entry. Otherwise, skip-worktree will be unset.
+
+Then it compares the new skip-worktree value with the previous one. If
+skip-worktree turns from unset to set, it will add the corresponding
+file back. If it turns from set to unset, that file will be removed.
+
+While `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` is usually used to specify what
+files are in. You can also specify what files are _not_ in, using
+negate patterns. For example, to remove file "unwanted":
+
+----------------
+*
+!unwanted
+----------------
+
+Another tricky thing is fully repopulating working directory when you
+no longer want sparse checkout. You cannot just disable "sparse
+checkout" because skip-worktree are still in the index and you working
+directory is still sparsely populated. You should re-populate working
+directory with the `$GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout` file content as
+follows:
+
+----------------
+*
+----------------
+
+Then you can disable sparse checkout. Sparse checkout support in "git
+read-tree" and similar commands is disabled by default. You need to
+turn `core.sparseCheckout` on in order to have sparse checkout
+support.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-write-tree[1]; linkgit:git-ls-files[1];
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..823f2a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+git-rebase(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>]
+	<upstream> [<branch>]
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase>
+	--root [<branch>]
+
+'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+If <branch> is specified, 'git rebase' will perform an automatic
+`git checkout <branch>` before doing anything else.  Otherwise
+it remains on the current branch.
+
+All changes made by commits in the current branch but that are not
+in <upstream> are saved to a temporary area.  This is the same set
+of commits that would be shown by `git log <upstream>..HEAD` (or
+`git log HEAD`, if --root is specified).
+
+The current branch is reset to <upstream>, or <newbase> if the
+--onto option was supplied.  This has the exact same effect as
+`git reset --hard <upstream>` (or <newbase>).  ORIG_HEAD is set
+to point at the tip of the branch before the reset.
+
+The commits that were previously saved into the temporary area are
+then reapplied to the current branch, one by one, in order. Note that
+any commits in HEAD which introduce the same textual changes as a commit
+in HEAD..<upstream> are omitted (i.e., a patch already accepted upstream
+with a different commit message or timestamp will be skipped).
+
+It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
+completely automatic.  You will have to resolve any such merge failure
+and run `git rebase --continue`.  Another option is to bypass the commit
+that caused the merge failure with `git rebase --skip`.  To restore the
+original <branch> and remove the .git/rebase-apply working files, use the
+command `git rebase --abort` instead.
+
+Assume the following history exists and the current branch is "topic":
+
+------------
+          A---B---C topic
+         /
+    D---E---F---G master
+------------
+
+From this point, the result of either of the following commands:
+
+
+    git rebase master
+    git rebase master topic
+
+would be:
+
+------------
+                  A'--B'--C' topic
+                 /
+    D---E---F---G master
+------------
+
+The latter form is just a short-hand of `git checkout topic`
+followed by `git rebase master`.
+
+If the upstream branch already contains a change you have made (e.g.,
+because you mailed a patch which was applied upstream), then that commit
+will be skipped. For example, running `git rebase master` on the
+following history (in which A' and A introduce the same set of changes,
+but have different committer information):
+
+------------
+          A---B---C topic
+         /
+    D---E---A'---F master
+------------
+
+will result in:
+
+------------
+                   B'---C' topic
+                  /
+    D---E---A'---F master
+------------
+
+Here is how you would transplant a topic branch based on one
+branch to another, to pretend that you forked the topic branch
+from the latter branch, using `rebase --onto`.
+
+First let's assume your 'topic' is based on branch 'next'.
+For example, a feature developed in 'topic' depends on some
+functionality which is found in 'next'.
+
+------------
+    o---o---o---o---o  master
+         \
+          o---o---o---o---o  next
+                           \
+                            o---o---o  topic
+------------
+
+We want to make 'topic' forked from branch 'master'; for example,
+because the functionality on which 'topic' depends was merged into the
+more stable 'master' branch. We want our tree to look like this:
+
+------------
+    o---o---o---o---o  master
+        |            \
+        |             o'--o'--o'  topic
+         \
+          o---o---o---o---o  next
+------------
+
+We can get this using the following command:
+
+    git rebase --onto master next topic
+
+
+Another example of --onto option is to rebase part of a
+branch.  If we have the following situation:
+
+------------
+                            H---I---J topicB
+                           /
+                  E---F---G  topicA
+                 /
+    A---B---C---D  master
+------------
+
+then the command
+
+    git rebase --onto master topicA topicB
+
+would result in:
+
+------------
+                 H'--I'--J'  topicB
+                /
+                | E---F---G  topicA
+                |/
+    A---B---C---D  master
+------------
+
+This is useful when topicB does not depend on topicA.
+
+A range of commits could also be removed with rebase.  If we have
+the following situation:
+
+------------
+    E---F---G---H---I---J  topicA
+------------
+
+then the command
+
+    git rebase --onto topicA~5 topicA~3 topicA
+
+would result in the removal of commits F and G:
+
+------------
+    E---H'---I'---J'  topicA
+------------
+
+This is useful if F and G were flawed in some way, or should not be
+part of topicA.  Note that the argument to --onto and the <upstream>
+parameter can be any valid commit-ish.
+
+In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
+and leave conflict markers in the tree.  You can use 'git diff' to locate
+the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict.  For each
+file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
+typically this would be done with
+
+
+    git add <filename>
+
+
+After resolving the conflict manually and updating the index with the
+desired resolution, you can continue the rebasing process with
+
+
+    git rebase --continue
+
+
+Alternatively, you can undo the 'git rebase' with
+
+
+    git rebase --abort
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+rebase.stat::
+	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
+	rebase. False by default.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<newbase>::
+	Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the
+	--onto option is not specified, the starting point is
+	<upstream>.  May be any valid commit, and not just an
+	existing branch name.
+
+<upstream>::
+	Upstream branch to compare against.  May be any valid commit,
+	not just an existing branch name.
+
+<branch>::
+	Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
+
+--continue::
+	Restart the rebasing process after having resolved a merge conflict.
+
+--abort::
+	Restore the original branch and abort the rebase operation.
+
+--skip::
+	Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
+
+-m::
+--merge::
+	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
+	strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the
+	upstream side.
++
+Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working
+branch on top of the <upstream> branch.  Because of this, when a merge
+conflict happens, the side reported as 'ours' is the so-far rebased
+series, starting with <upstream>, and 'theirs' is the working branch.  In
+other words, the sides are swapped.
+
+-s <strategy>::
+--strategy=<strategy>::
+	Use the given merge strategy.
+	If there is no `-s` option 'git merge-recursive' is used
+	instead.  This implies --merge.
++
+Because 'git rebase' replays each commit from the working branch
+on top of the <upstream> branch using the given strategy, using
+the 'ours' strategy simply discards all patches from the <branch>,
+which makes little sense.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be quiet. Implies --no-stat.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Be verbose. Implies --stat.
+
+--stat::
+	Show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last rebase. The
+	diffstat is also controlled by the configuration option rebase.stat.
+
+-n::
+--no-stat::
+	Do not show a diffstat as part of the rebase process.
+
+--no-verify::
+	This option bypasses the pre-rebase hook.  See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+
+-C<n>::
+	Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before
+	and after each change.  When fewer lines of surrounding
+	context exist they all must match.  By default no context is
+	ever ignored.
+
+-f::
+--force-rebase::
+	Force the rebase even if the current branch is a descendant
+	of the commit you are rebasing onto.  Normally the command will
+	exit with the message "Current branch is up to date" in such a
+	situation.
+
+--ignore-whitespace::
+--whitespace=<option>::
+	These flag are passed to the 'git apply' program
+	(see linkgit:git-apply[1]) that applies the patch.
+	Incompatible with the --interactive option.
+
+--committer-date-is-author-date::
+--ignore-date::
+	These flags are passed to 'git am' to easily change the dates
+	of the rebased commits (see linkgit:git-am[1]).
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Make a list of the commits which are about to be rebased.  Let the
+	user edit that list before rebasing.  This mode can also be used to
+	split commits (see SPLITTING COMMITS below).
+
+-p::
+--preserve-merges::
+	Instead of ignoring merges, try to recreate them.
+
+--root::
+	Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of
+	limiting them with an <upstream>.  This allows you to rebase
+	the root commit(s) on a branch.  Must be used with --onto, and
+	will skip changes already contained in <newbase> (instead of
+	<upstream>).  When used together with --preserve-merges, 'all'
+	root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
+	instead.
+
+--autosquash::
+	When the commit log message begins with "squash! ..." (or
+	"fixup! ..."), and there is a commit whose title begins with
+	the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
+	so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the
+	commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
+	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
++
+This option is only valid when '--interactive' option is used.
+
+include::merge-strategies.txt[]
+
+NOTES
+-----
+
+You should understand the implications of using 'git rebase' on a
+repository that you share.  See also RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE
+below.
+
+When the git-rebase command is run, it will first execute a "pre-rebase"
+hook if one exists.  You can use this hook to do sanity checks and
+reject the rebase if it isn't appropriate.  Please see the template
+pre-rebase hook script for an example.
+
+Upon completion, <branch> will be the current branch.
+
+INTERACTIVE MODE
+----------------
+
+Rebasing interactively means that you have a chance to edit the commits
+which are rebased.  You can reorder the commits, and you can
+remove them (weeding out bad or otherwise unwanted patches).
+
+The interactive mode is meant for this type of workflow:
+
+1. have a wonderful idea
+2. hack on the code
+3. prepare a series for submission
+4. submit
+
+where point 2. consists of several instances of
+
+a. regular use
+ 1. finish something worthy of a commit
+ 2. commit
+b. independent fixup
+ 1. realize that something does not work
+ 2. fix that
+ 3. commit it
+
+Sometimes the thing fixed in b.2. cannot be amended to the not-quite
+perfect commit it fixes, because that commit is buried deeply in a
+patch series.  That is exactly what interactive rebase is for: use it
+after plenty of "a"s and "b"s, by rearranging and editing
+commits, and squashing multiple commits into one.
+
+Start it with the last commit you want to retain as-is:
+
+	git rebase -i <after-this-commit>
+
+An editor will be fired up with all the commits in your current branch
+(ignoring merge commits), which come after the given commit.  You can
+reorder the commits in this list to your heart's content, and you can
+remove them.  The list looks more or less like this:
+
+-------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The oneline descriptions are purely for your pleasure; 'git rebase' will
+not look at them but at the commit names ("deadbee" and "fa1afe1" in this
+example), so do not delete or edit the names.
+
+By replacing the command "pick" with the command "edit", you can tell
+'git rebase' to stop after applying that commit, so that you can edit
+the files and/or the commit message, amend the commit, and continue
+rebasing.
+
+If you just want to edit the commit message for a commit, replace the
+command "pick" with the command "reword".
+
+If you want to fold two or more commits into one, replace the command
+"pick" for the second and subsequent commits with "squash" or "fixup".
+If the commits had different authors, the folded commit will be
+attributed to the author of the first commit.  The suggested commit
+message for the folded commit is the concatenation of the commit
+messages of the first commit and of those with the "squash" command,
+but omits the commit messages of commits with the "fixup" command.
+
+'git rebase' will stop when "pick" has been replaced with "edit" or
+when a command fails due to merge errors. When you are done editing
+and/or resolving conflicts you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.
+
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, such that what
+was HEAD~4 becomes the new HEAD. To achieve that, you would call
+'git rebase' like this:
+
+----------------------
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
+----------------------
+
+And move the first patch to the end of the list.
+
+You might want to preserve merges, if you have a history like this:
+
+------------------
+           X
+            \
+         A---M---B
+        /
+---o---O---P---Q
+------------------
+
+Suppose you want to rebase the side branch starting at "A" to "Q". Make
+sure that the current HEAD is "B", and call
+
+-----------------------------
+$ git rebase -i -p --onto Q O
+-----------------------------
+
+
+SPLITTING COMMITS
+-----------------
+
+In interactive mode, you can mark commits with the action "edit".  However,
+this does not necessarily mean that 'git rebase' expects the result of this
+edit to be exactly one commit.  Indeed, you can undo the commit, or you can
+add other commits.  This can be used to split a commit into two:
+
+- Start an interactive rebase with `git rebase -i <commit>^`, where
+  <commit> is the commit you want to split.  In fact, any commit range
+  will do, as long as it contains that commit.
+
+- Mark the commit you want to split with the action "edit".
+
+- When it comes to editing that commit, execute `git reset HEAD^`.  The
+  effect is that the HEAD is rewound by one, and the index follows suit.
+  However, the working tree stays the same.
+
+- Now add the changes to the index that you want to have in the first
+  commit.  You can use `git add` (possibly interactively) or
+  'git gui' (or both) to do that.
+
+- Commit the now-current index with whatever commit message is appropriate
+  now.
+
+- Repeat the last two steps until your working tree is clean.
+
+- Continue the rebase with `git rebase --continue`.
+
+If you are not absolutely sure that the intermediate revisions are
+consistent (they compile, pass the testsuite, etc.) you should use
+'git stash' to stash away the not-yet-committed changes
+after each commit, test, and amend the commit if fixes are necessary.
+
+
+RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE
+-------------------------------
+
+Rebasing (or any other form of rewriting) a branch that others have
+based work on is a bad idea: anyone downstream of it is forced to
+manually fix their history.  This section explains how to do the fix
+from the downstream's point of view.  The real fix, however, would be
+to avoid rebasing the upstream in the first place.
+
+To illustrate, suppose you are in a situation where someone develops a
+'subsystem' branch, and you are working on a 'topic' that is dependent
+on this 'subsystem'.  You might end up with a history like the
+following:
+
+------------
+    o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o  master
+	 \
+	  o---o---o---o---o  subsystem
+			   \
+			    *---*---*  topic
+------------
+
+If 'subsystem' is rebased against 'master', the following happens:
+
+------------
+    o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o  master
+	 \			 \
+	  o---o---o---o---o	  o'--o'--o'--o'--o'  subsystem
+			   \
+			    *---*---*  topic
+------------
+
+If you now continue development as usual, and eventually merge 'topic'
+to 'subsystem', the commits from 'subsystem' will remain duplicated forever:
+
+------------
+    o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o  master
+	 \			 \
+	  o---o---o---o---o	  o'--o'--o'--o'--o'--M	 subsystem
+			   \			     /
+			    *---*---*-..........-*--*  topic
+------------
+
+Such duplicates are generally frowned upon because they clutter up
+history, making it harder to follow.  To clean things up, you need to
+transplant the commits on 'topic' to the new 'subsystem' tip, i.e.,
+rebase 'topic'.  This becomes a ripple effect: anyone downstream from
+'topic' is forced to rebase too, and so on!
+
+There are two kinds of fixes, discussed in the following subsections:
+
+Easy case: The changes are literally the same.::
+
+	This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase was a simple rebase and
+	had no conflicts.
+
+Hard case: The changes are not the same.::
+
+	This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used
+	`\--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
+	if the upstream used one of `commit \--amend`, `reset`, or
+	`filter-branch`.
+
+
+The easy case
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Only works if the changes (patch IDs based on the diff contents) on
+'subsystem' are literally the same before and after the rebase
+'subsystem' did.
+
+In that case, the fix is easy because 'git rebase' knows to skip
+changes that are already present in the new upstream.  So if you say
+(assuming you're on 'topic')
+------------
+    $ git rebase subsystem
+------------
+you will end up with the fixed history
+------------
+    o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o  master
+				 \
+				  o'--o'--o'--o'--o'  subsystem
+						   \
+						    *---*---*  topic
+------------
+
+
+The hard case
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Things get more complicated if the 'subsystem' changes do not exactly
+correspond to the ones before the rebase.
+
+NOTE: While an "easy case recovery" sometimes appears to be successful
+      even in the hard case, it may have unintended consequences.  For
+      example, a commit that was removed via `git rebase
+      \--interactive` will be **resurrected**!
+
+The idea is to manually tell 'git rebase' "where the old 'subsystem'
+ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge-base
+between them was.  You will have to find a way to name the last commit
+of the old 'subsystem', for example:
+
+* With the 'subsystem' reflog: after 'git fetch', the old tip of
+  'subsystem' is at `subsystem@\{1}`.  Subsequent fetches will
+  increase the number.  (See linkgit:git-reflog[1].)
+
+* Relative to the tip of 'topic': knowing that your 'topic' has three
+  commits, the old tip of 'subsystem' must be `topic~3`.
+
+You can then transplant the old `subsystem..topic` to the new tip by
+saying (for the reflog case, and assuming you are on 'topic' already):
+------------
+    $ git rebase --onto subsystem subsystem@{1}
+------------
+
+The ripple effect of a "hard case" recovery is especially bad:
+'everyone' downstream from 'topic' will now have to perform a "hard
+case" recovery too!
+
+
+Authors
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and
+Johannes E. Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2790eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+git-receive-pack(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-receive-pack - Receive what is pushed into the repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git-receive-pack' <directory>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Invoked by 'git send-pack' and updates the repository with the
+information fed from the remote end.
+
+This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.
+The UI for the protocol is on the 'git send-pack' side, and the
+program pair is meant to be used to push updates to remote
+repository.  For pull operations, see linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
+
+The command allows for creation and fast-forwarding of sha1 refs
+(heads/tags) on the remote end (strictly speaking, it is the
+local end 'git-receive-pack' runs, but to the user who is sitting at
+the send-pack end, it is updating the remote.  Confused?)
+
+There are other real-world examples of using update and
+post-update hooks found in the Documentation/howto directory.
+
+'git-receive-pack' honours the receive.denyNonFastForwards config
+option, which tells it if updates to a ref should be denied if they
+are not fast-forwards.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<directory>::
+	The repository to sync into.
+
+pre-receive Hook
+----------------
+Before any ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive file exists
+and is executable, it will be invoked once with no parameters.  The
+standard input of the hook will be one line per ref to be updated:
+
+       sha1-old SP sha1-new SP refname LF
+
+The refname value is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the master
+head this is "refs/heads/master".  The two sha1 values before
+each refname are the object names for the refname before and after
+the update.  Refs to be created will have sha1-old equal to 0\{40},
+while refs to be deleted will have sha1-new equal to 0\{40}, otherwise
+sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in the repository.
+
+This hook is called before any refname is updated and before any
+fast-forward checks are performed.
+
+If the pre-receive hook exits with a non-zero exit status no updates
+will be performed, and the update, post-receive and post-update
+hooks will not be invoked either.  This can be useful to quickly
+bail out if the update is not to be supported.
+
+update Hook
+-----------
+Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
+and is executable, it is invoked once per ref, with three parameters:
+
+       $GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new
+
+The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the master
+head this is "refs/heads/master".  The two sha1 arguments are
+the object names for the refname before and after the update.
+Note that the hook is called before the refname is updated,
+so either sha1-old is 0\{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet),
+or it should match what is recorded in refname.
+
+The hook should exit with non-zero status if it wants to disallow
+updating the named ref.  Otherwise it should exit with zero.
+
+Successful execution (a zero exit status) of this hook does not
+ensure the ref will actually be updated, it is only a prerequisite.
+As such it is not a good idea to send notices (e.g. email) from
+this hook.  Consider using the post-receive hook instead.
+
+post-receive Hook
+-----------------
+After all refs were updated (or attempted to be updated), if any
+ref update was successful, and if $GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive
+file exists and is executable, it will be invoked once with no
+parameters.  The standard input of the hook will be one line
+for each successfully updated ref:
+
+       sha1-old SP sha1-new SP refname LF
+
+The refname value is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the master
+head this is "refs/heads/master".  The two sha1 values before
+each refname are the object names for the refname before and after
+the update.  Refs that were created will have sha1-old equal to
+0\{40}, while refs that were deleted will have sha1-new equal to
+0\{40}, otherwise sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in
+the repository.
+
+Using this hook, it is easy to generate mails describing the updates
+to the repository.  This example script sends one mail message per
+ref listing the commits pushed to the repository:
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	# mail out commit update information.
+	while read oval nval ref
+	do
+		if expr "$oval" : '0*$' >/dev/null
+		then
+			echo "Created a new ref, with the following commits:"
+			git rev-list --pretty "$nval"
+		else
+			echo "New commits:"
+			git rev-list --pretty "$nval" "^$oval"
+		fi |
+		mail -s "Changes to ref $ref" commit-list@mydomain
+	done
+	exit 0
+
+The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored, however a
+non-zero exit code will generate an error message.
+
+Note that it is possible for refname to not have sha1-new when this
+hook runs.  This can easily occur if another user modifies the ref
+after it was updated by 'git-receive-pack', but before the hook was able
+to evaluate it.  It is recommended that hooks rely on sha1-new
+rather than the current value of refname.
+
+post-update Hook
+----------------
+After all other processing, if at least one ref was updated, and
+if $GIT_DIR/hooks/post-update file exists and is executable, then
+post-update will be called with the list of refs that have been updated.
+This can be used to implement any repository wide cleanup tasks.
+
+The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored; the only thing
+left for 'git-receive-pack' to do at that point is to exit itself
+anyway.
+
+This hook can be used, for example, to run `git update-server-info`
+if the repository is packed and is served via a dumb transport.
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	exec git update-server-info
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-send-pack[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..802bd57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+git-reflog(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-reflog - Manage reflog information
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git reflog' <subcommand> <options>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+The command takes various subcommands, and different options
+depending on the subcommand:
+
+[verse]
+'git reflog expire' [--dry-run] [--stale-fix] [--verbose]
+	[--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--all] <refs>...
++
+'git reflog delete' ref@\{specifier\}...
++
+'git reflog' ['show'] [log-options] [<ref>]
+
+Reflog is a mechanism to record when the tip of branches are
+updated.  This command is to manage the information recorded in it.
+
+The subcommand "expire" is used to prune older reflog entries.
+Entries older than `expire` time, or entries older than
+`expire-unreachable` time and not reachable from the current
+tip, are removed from the reflog.  This is typically not used
+directly by the end users -- instead, see linkgit:git-gc[1].
+
+The subcommand "show" (which is also the default, in the absence of any
+subcommands) will take all the normal log options, and show the log of
+the reference provided in the command-line (or `HEAD`, by default).
+The reflog will cover all recent actions (HEAD reflog records branch switching
+as well).  It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`;
+see linkgit:git-log[1].
+
+The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
+of a reference. For example, `HEAD@\{2\}` means "where HEAD used to be
+two moves ago", `master@\{one.week.ago\}` means "where master used to
+point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for
+more details.
+
+To delete single entries from the reflog, use the subcommand "delete"
+and specify the _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete master@\{2\}`").
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--stale-fix::
+	This revamps the logic -- the definition of "broken commit"
+	becomes: a commit that is not reachable from any of the refs and
+	there is a missing object among the commit, tree, or blob
+	objects reachable from it that is not reachable from any of the
+	refs.
++
+This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it
+has the same cost as 'git prune'.  Fortunately, once this is run, we
+should not have to ever worry about missing objects, because the current
+prune and pack-objects know about reflogs and protect objects referred by
+them.
+
+--expire=<time>::
+	Entries older than this time are pruned.  Without the
+	option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpire`,
+	which in turn defaults to 90 days.
+
+--expire-unreachable=<time>::
+	Entries older than this time and not reachable from
+	the current tip of the branch are pruned.  Without the
+	option it is taken from configuration
+	`gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults to
+	30 days.
+
+--all::
+	Instead of listing <refs> explicitly, prune all refs.
+
+--updateref::
+	Update the ref with the sha1 of the top reflog entry (i.e.
+	<ref>@\{0\}) after expiring or deleting.
+
+--rewrite::
+	While expiring or deleting, adjust each reflog entry to ensure
+	that the `old` sha1 field points to the `new` sha1 field of the
+	previous entry.
+
+--verbose::
+	Print extra information on screen.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-relink.txt b/Documentation/git-relink.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25ff8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-relink.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+git-relink(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-relink - Hardlink common objects in local repositories
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git relink' [--safe] <dir> [<dir>]\* <master_dir>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This will scan 1 or more object repositories and look for objects in common
+with a master repository. Objects not already hardlinked to the master
+repository will be replaced with a hardlink to the master repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--safe::
+	Stops if two objects with the same hash exist but have different sizes.
+	Default is to warn and continue.
+
+<dir>::
+	Directories containing a .git/objects/ subdirectory.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b5f61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+git-remote-helpers(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-remote-helpers - Helper programs for interoperation with remote git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git remote-<transport>' <remote>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+These programs are normally not used directly by end users, but are
+invoked by various git programs that interact with remote repositories
+when the repository they would operate on will be accessed using
+transport code not linked into the main git binary. Various particular
+helper programs will behave as documented here.
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
+
+'capabilities'::
+	Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
+	with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*'.
+	This marks them mandatory for git version using the remote
+	helper to understand (unknown mandatory capability is fatal
+	error).
+
+'list'::
+	Lists the refs, one per line, in the format "<value> <name>
+	[<attr> ...]". The value may be a hex sha1 hash, "@<dest>" for
+	a symref, or "?" to indicate that the helper could not get the
+	value of the ref. A space-separated list of attributes follows
+	the name; unrecognized attributes are ignored. After the
+	complete list, outputs a blank line.
++
+If 'push' is supported this may be called as 'list for-push'
+to obtain the current refs prior to sending one or more 'push'
+commands to the helper.
+
+'option' <name> <value>::
+	Set the transport helper option <name> to <value>.  Outputs a
+	single line containing one of 'ok' (option successfully set),
+	'unsupported' (option not recognized) or 'error <msg>'
+	(option <name> is supported but <value> is not correct
+	for it).  Options should be set before other commands,
+	and may how those commands behave.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
+
+'fetch' <sha1> <name>::
+	Fetches the given object, writing the necessary objects
+	to the database.  Fetch commands are sent in a batch, one
+	per line, and the batch is terminated with a blank line.
+	Outputs a single blank line when all fetch commands in the
+	same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
+	in the ref list with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
++
+Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
+GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
+suitably updated.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability.
+
+'push' +<src>:<dst>::
+	Pushes the given <src> commit or branch locally to the
+	remote branch described by <dst>.  A batch sequence of
+	one or more push commands is terminated with a blank line.
++
+Zero or more protocol options may be entered after the last 'push'
+command, before the batch's terminating blank line.
++
+When the push is complete, outputs one or more 'ok <dst>' or
+'error <dst> <why>?' lines to indicate success or failure of
+each pushed ref.  The status report output is terminated by
+a blank line.  The option field <why> may be quoted in a C
+style string if it contains an LF.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "push" capability.
+
+'import' <name>::
+	Produces a fast-import stream which imports the current value
+	of the named ref. It may additionally import other refs as
+	needed to construct the history efficiently. The script writes
+	to a helper-specific private namespace. The value of the named
+	ref should be written to a location in this namespace derived
+	by applying the refspecs from the "refspec" capability to the
+	name of the ref.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
+
+'connect' <service>::
+	Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
+	of helper are connected to specified service (git prefix is
+	included in service name so e.g. fetching uses 'git-upload-pack'
+	as service) on remote side. Valid replies to this command are
+	empty line (connection established), 'fallback' (no smart
+	transport support, fall back to dumb transports) and just
+	exiting with error message printed (can't connect, don't
+	bother trying to fall back). After line feed terminating the
+	positive (empty) response, the output of service starts. After
+	the connection ends, the remote helper exits.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "connect" capability.
+
+If a fatal error occurs, the program writes the error message to
+stderr and exits. The caller should expect that a suitable error
+message has been printed if the child closes the connection without
+completing a valid response for the current command.
+
+Additional commands may be supported, as may be determined from
+capabilities reported by the helper.
+
+CAPABILITIES
+------------
+
+'fetch'::
+	This helper supports the 'fetch' command.
+
+'option'::
+	This helper supports the option command.
+
+'push'::
+	This helper supports the 'push' command.
+
+'import'::
+	This helper supports the 'import' command.
+
+'refspec' 'spec'::
+	When using the import command, expect the source ref to have
+	been written to the destination ref. The earliest applicable
+	refspec takes precedence. For example
+	"refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*" means that, after an
+	"import refs/heads/name", the script has written to
+	refs/svn/origin/branches/name. If this capability is used at
+	all, it must cover all refs reported by the list command; if
+	it is not used, it is effectively "*:*"
+
+'connect'::
+	This helper supports the 'connect' command.
+
+REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
+-------------------
+
+'for-push'::
+	The caller wants to use the ref list to prepare push
+	commands.  A helper might chose to acquire the ref list by
+	opening a different type of connection to the destination.
+
+'unchanged'::
+	This ref is unchanged since the last import or fetch, although
+	the helper cannot necessarily determine what value that produced.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+'option verbosity' <N>::
+	Change the level of messages displayed by the helper.
+	When N is 0 the end-user has asked the process to be
+	quiet, and the helper should produce only error output.
+	N of 1 is the default level of verbosity, higher values
+	of N correspond to the number of -v flags passed on the
+	command line.
+
+'option progress' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Enable (or disable) progress messages displayed by the
+	transport helper during a command.
+
+'option depth' <depth>::
+	Deepen the history of a shallow repository.
+
+'option followtags' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	If enabled the helper should automatically fetch annotated
+	tag objects if the object the tag points at was transferred
+	during the fetch command.  If the tag is not fetched by
+	the helper a second fetch command will usually be sent to
+	ask for the tag specifically.  Some helpers may be able to
+	use this option to avoid a second network connection.
+
+'option dry-run' \{'true'|'false'\}:
+	If true, pretend the operation completed successfully,
+	but don't actually change any repository data.	For most
+	helpers this only applies to the 'push', if supported.
+
+'option servpath <c-style-quoted-path>'::
+	Set service path (--upload-pack, --receive-pack etc.) for
+	next connect. Remote helper MAY support this option. Remote
+	helper MUST NOT rely on this option being set before
+	connect request occurs.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Daniel Barkalow and Ilari Liusvaara
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fc599c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+git-remote(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-remote - manage set of tracked repositories
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose]
+'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--mirror] <name> <url>
+'git remote rename' <old> <new>
+'git remote rm' <name>
+'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
+'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
+'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
+'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
+'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [group | remote]...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Manage the set of repositories ("remotes") whose branches you track.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Be a little more verbose and show remote url after name.
+	NOTE: This must be placed between `remote` and `subcommand`.
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+With no arguments, shows a list of existing remotes.  Several
+subcommands are available to perform operations on the remotes.
+
+'add'::
+
+Adds a remote named <name> for the repository at
+<url>.  The command `git fetch <name>` can then be used to create and
+update remote-tracking branches <name>/<branch>.
++
+With `-f` option, `git fetch <name>` is run immediately after
+the remote information is set up.
++
+With `-t <branch>` option, instead of the default glob
+refspec for the remote to track all branches under
+`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/`, a refspec to track only `<branch>`
+is created.  You can give more than one `-t <branch>` to track
+multiple branches without grabbing all branches.
++
+With `-m <master>` option, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set
+up to point at remote's `<master>` branch. See also the set-head command.
++
+In mirror mode, enabled with `\--mirror`, the refs will not be stored
+in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but in 'refs/heads/'.  This option
+only makes sense in bare repositories.  If a remote uses mirror
+mode, furthermore, `git push` will always behave as if `\--mirror`
+was passed.
+
+'rename'::
+
+Rename the remote named <old> to <new>. All remote tracking branches and
+configuration settings for the remote are updated.
++
+In case <old> and <new> are the same, and <old> is a file under
+`$GIT_DIR/remotes` or `$GIT_DIR/branches`, the remote is converted to
+the configuration file format.
+
+'rm'::
+
+Remove the remote named <name>. All remote tracking branches and
+configuration settings for the remote are removed.
+
+'set-head'::
+
+Sets or deletes the default branch (`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD`) for
+the named remote. Having a default branch for a remote is not required,
+but allows the name of the remote to be specified in lieu of a specific
+branch. For example, if the default branch for `origin` is set to
+`master`, then `origin` may be specified wherever you would normally
+specify `origin/master`.
++
+With `-d`, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
++
+With `-a`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then
+`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote
+`HEAD` is pointed at `next`, "`git remote set-head origin -a`" will set
+`$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to `refs/remotes/origin/next`. This will
+only work if `refs/remotes/origin/next` already exists; if not it must be
+fetched first.
++
+Use `<branch>` to set `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` explicitly. e.g., "git
+remote set-head origin master" will set `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to
+`refs/remotes/origin/master`. This will only work if
+`refs/remotes/origin/master` already exists; if not it must be fetched first.
++
+
+'set-url'::
+
+Changes URL remote points to. Sets first URL remote points to matching
+regex <oldurl> (first URL if no <oldurl> is given) to <newurl>. If
+<oldurl> doesn't match any URL, error occurs and nothing is changed.
++
+With '--push', push URLs are manipulated instead of fetch URLs.
++
+With '--add', instead of changing some URL, new URL is added.
++
+With '--delete', instead of changing some URL, all URLs matching
+regex <url> are deleted. Trying to delete all non-push URLs is an
+error.
+
+'show'::
+
+Gives some information about the remote <name>.
++
+With `-n` option, the remote heads are not queried first with
+`git ls-remote <name>`; cached information is used instead.
+
+'prune'::
+
+Deletes all stale tracking branches under <name>.
+These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository
+referenced by <name>, but are still locally available in
+"remotes/<name>".
++
+With `--dry-run` option, report what branches will be pruned, but do not
+actually prune them.
+
+'update'::
+
+Fetch updates for a named set of remotes in the repository as defined by
+remotes.<group>.  If a named group is not specified on the command line,
+the configuration parameter remotes.default will be used; if
+remotes.default is not defined, all remotes which do not have the
+configuration parameter remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate set to true will
+be updated.  (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
++
+With `--prune` option, prune all the remotes that are updated.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+The remote configuration is achieved using the `remote.origin.url` and
+`remote.origin.fetch` configuration variables.  (See
+linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+* Add a new remote, fetch, and check out a branch from it
++
+------------
+$ git remote
+origin
+$ git branch -r
+origin/master
+$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6.git
+$ git remote
+linux-nfs
+origin
+$ git fetch
+* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
+  commit: bf81b46
+$ git branch -r
+origin/master
+linux-nfs/master
+$ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master
+...
+------------
+
+* Imitate 'git clone' but track only selected branches
++
+------------
+$ mkdir project.git
+$ cd project.git
+$ git init
+$ git remote add -f -t master -m master origin git://example.com/git.git/
+$ git merge origin
+------------
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fetch[1]
+linkgit:git-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-config[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio Hamano
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by J. Bruce Fields and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c67d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+git-repack(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-l] [-n] [-q] [--window=N] [--depth=N]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This script is used to combine all objects that do not currently
+reside in a "pack", into a pack.  It can also be used to re-organize
+existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.
+
+A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with
+delta compression applied, stored in a single file, with an
+associated index file.
+
+Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup
+engines, disk storage, etc.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-a::
+	Instead of incrementally packing the unpacked objects,
+	pack everything referenced into a single pack.
+	Especially useful when packing a repository that is used
+	for private development. Use
+	with '-d'.  This will clean up the objects that `git prune`
+	leaves behind, but `git fsck --full` shows as
+	dangling.
++
+Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the
+whole new pack in order to get any contained object, no matter how many
+other objects in that pack they already have locally.
+
+-A::
+	Same as `-a`, unless '-d' is used.  Then any unreachable
+	objects in a previous pack become loose, unpacked objects,
+	instead of being left in the old pack.  Unreachable objects
+	are never intentionally added to a pack, even when repacking.
+	This option prevents unreachable objects from being immediately
+	deleted by way of being left in the old pack and then
+	removed.  Instead, the loose unreachable objects
+	will be pruned according to normal expiry rules
+	with the next 'git gc' invocation. See linkgit:git-gc[1].
+
+-d::
+	After packing, if the newly created packs make some
+	existing packs redundant, remove the redundant packs.
+	Also run  'git prune-packed' to remove redundant
+	loose object files.
+
+-l::
+	Pass the `--local` option to 'git pack-objects'. See
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
+
+-f::
+	Pass the `--no-reuse-object` option to `git-pack-objects`, see
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
+
+-q::
+	Pass the `-q` option to 'git pack-objects'. See
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1].
+
+-n::
+	Do not update the server information with
+	'git update-server-info'.  This option skips
+	updating local catalog files needed to publish
+	this repository (or a direct copy of it)
+	over HTTP or FTP.  See linkgit:git-update-server-info[1].
+
+--window=[N]::
+--depth=[N]::
+	These two options affect how the objects contained in the pack are
+	stored using delta compression. The objects are first internally
+	sorted by type, size and optionally names and compared against the
+	other objects within `--window` to see if using delta compression saves
+	space. `--depth` limits the maximum delta depth; making it too deep
+	affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs
+	to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object.
+	The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50.
+
+--window-memory=[N]::
+	This option provides an additional limit on top of `--window`;
+	the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
+	up more than N bytes in memory.  This is useful in
+	repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
+	out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
+	advantage of the large window for the smaller objects.  The
+	size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
+	`--window-memory=0` makes memory usage unlimited, which is the
+	default.
+
+--max-pack-size=[N]::
+	Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
+	"k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
+	If specified,  multiple packfiles may be created.
+	The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
+	`pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+By default, the command passes `--delta-base-offset` option to
+'git pack-objects'; this typically results in slightly smaller packs,
+but the generated packs are incompatible with versions of Git older than
+version 1.4.4. If you need to share your repository with such ancient Git
+versions, either directly or via the dumb http or rsync protocol, then you
+need to set the configuration variable `repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset` to
+"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol
+is unaffected by this option as the conversion is performed on the fly
+as needed in that case.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
+linkgit:git-prune-packed[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fde2092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+git-replace(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-replace - Create, list, delete refs to replace objects
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git replace' [-f] <object> <replacement>
+'git replace' -d <object>...
+'git replace' -l [<pattern>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/`
+
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
+replacement object.
+
+Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist in
+`.git/refs/replace/` directory.
+
+Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
+except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
+fsck).
+
+It is possible to disable use of replacement references for any
+command using the `--no-replace-objects` option just after 'git'.
+
+For example if commit 'foo' has been replaced by commit 'bar':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git --no-replace-objects cat-file commit foo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+shows information about commit 'foo', while:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file commit foo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+shows information about commit 'bar'.
+
+The 'GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS' environment variable can be set to
+achieve the same effect as the `--no-replace-objects` option.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-f::
+	If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will
+	be overwritten (instead of failing).
+
+-d::
+	Delete existing replace refs for the given objects.
+
+-l <pattern>::
+	List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or
+	all if no pattern is given).
+	Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace
+	refs.
+
+BUGS
+----
+Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
+replace them will not work properly. And using `git reset --hard` to
+go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement
+commit instead of the replaced commit.
+
+There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to
+pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one
+type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob
+replaced by a commit).
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-tag[1]
+linkgit:git-branch[1]
+linkgit:git[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> and Junio C
+Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, based on 'git tag' by Kristian Hogsberg
+<krh@redhat.com> and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> and the
+git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>, based on 'git tag' documentation.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt b/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5bdb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+git-repo-config(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-repo-config - Get and set repository or global options
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git repo-config' ...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This is a synonym for linkgit:git-config[1].  Please refer to the
+documentation of that command.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19335fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+git-request-pull(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-request-pull - Generates a summary of pending changes
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git request-pull' <start> <url> [<end>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output, and includes
+the given URL in the generated summary.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<start>::
+	Commit to start at.
+
+<url>::
+	URL to include in the summary.
+
+<end>::
+	Commit to end at; defaults to HEAD.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com> and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acc220a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+git-rerere(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-rerere - Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git rerere' ['clear'|'diff'|'status'|'gc']
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+In a workflow employing relatively long lived topic branches,
+the developer sometimes needs to resolve the same conflicts over
+and over again until the topic branches are done (either merged
+to the "release" branch, or sent out and accepted upstream).
+
+This command assists the developer in this process by recording
+conflicted automerge results and corresponding hand resolve results
+on the initial manual merge, and applying previously recorded
+hand resolutions to their corresponding automerge results.
+
+[NOTE]
+You need to set the configuration variable rerere.enabled in order to
+enable this command.
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+Normally, 'git rerere' is run without arguments or user-intervention.
+However, it has several commands that allow it to interact with
+its working state.
+
+'clear'::
+
+This resets the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
+aborted.  Calling 'git am [--skip|--abort]' or 'git rebase [--skip|--abort]'
+will automatically invoke this command.
+
+'diff'::
+
+This displays diffs for the current state of the resolution.  It is
+useful for tracking what has changed while the user is resolving
+conflicts.  Additional arguments are passed directly to the system
+'diff' command installed in PATH.
+
+'status'::
+
+Like 'diff', but this only prints the filenames that will be tracked
+for resolutions.
+
+'gc'::
+
+This prunes records of conflicted merges that
+occurred a long time ago.  By default, unresolved conflicts older
+than 15 days and resolved conflicts older than 60
+days are pruned.  These defaults are controlled via the
+`gc.rerereunresolved` and `gc.rerereresolved` configuration
+variables respectively.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+When your topic branch modifies an overlapping area that your
+master branch (or upstream) touched since your topic branch
+forked from it, you may want to test it with the latest master,
+even before your topic branch is ready to be pushed upstream:
+
+------------
+              o---*---o topic
+             /
+    o---o---o---*---o---o master
+------------
+
+For such a test, you need to merge master and topic somehow.
+One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
+
+------------
+	$ git checkout topic
+	$ git merge master
+
+              o---*---o---+ topic
+             /           /
+    o---o---o---*---o---o master
+------------
+
+The commits marked with `*` touch the same area in the same
+file; you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit
+marked with `{plus}`.  Then you can test the result to make sure your
+work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master.
+
+After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work
+on the topic.  The easiest is to build on top of the test merge
+commit `{plus}`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
+ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the
+upstream to pull from you.  By that time, however, the master or
+the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `{plus}`,
+in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
+
+------------
+	$ git checkout topic
+	$ git merge master
+	$ ... work on both topic and master branches
+	$ git checkout master
+	$ git merge topic
+
+              o---*---o---+---o---o topic
+             /           /         \
+    o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master
+------------
+
+When your topic branch is long-lived, however, your topic branch
+would end up having many such "Merge from master" commits on it,
+which would unnecessarily clutter the development history.
+Readers of the Linux kernel mailing list may remember that Linus
+complained about such too frequent test merges when a subsystem
+maintainer asked to pull from a branch full of "useless merges".
+
+As an alternative, to keep the topic branch clean of test
+merges, you could blow away the test merge, and keep building on
+top of the tip before the test merge:
+
+------------
+	$ git checkout topic
+	$ git merge master
+	$ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# rewind the test merge
+	$ ... work on both topic and master branches
+	$ git checkout master
+	$ git merge topic
+
+              o---*---o-------o---o topic
+             /                     \
+    o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master
+------------
+
+This would leave only one merge commit when your topic branch is
+finally ready and merged into the master branch.  This merge
+would require you to resolve the conflict, introduced by the
+commits marked with `*`.  However, this conflict is often the
+same conflict you resolved when you created the test merge you
+blew away.  'git rerere' helps you resolve this final
+conflicted merge using the information from your earlier hand
+resolve.
+
+Running the 'git rerere' command immediately after a conflicted
+automerge records the conflicted working tree files, with the
+usual conflict markers `<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>` in
+them.  Later, after you are done resolving the conflicts,
+running 'git rerere' again will record the resolved state of these
+files.  Suppose you did this when you created the test merge of
+master into the topic branch.
+
+Next time, after seeing the same conflicted automerge,
+running 'git rerere' will perform a three-way merge between the
+earlier conflicted automerge, the earlier manual resolution, and
+the current conflicted automerge.
+If this three-way merge resolves cleanly, the result is written
+out to your working tree file, so you do not have to manually
+resolve it.  Note that 'git rerere' leaves the index file alone,
+so you still need to do the final sanity checks with `git diff`
+(or `git diff -c`) and 'git add' when you are satisfied.
+
+As a convenience measure, 'git merge' automatically invokes
+'git rerere' upon exiting with a failed automerge and 'git rerere'
+records the hand resolve when it is a new conflict, or reuses the earlier hand
+resolve when it is not.  'git commit' also invokes 'git rerere'
+when committing a merge result.  What this means is that you do
+not have to do anything special yourself (besides enabling
+the rerere.enabled config variable).
+
+In our example, when you do the test merge, the manual
+resolution is recorded, and it will be reused when you do the
+actual merge later with the updated master and topic branch, as long
+as the recorded resolution is still applicable.
+
+The information 'git rerere' records is also used when running
+'git rebase'.  After blowing away the test merge and continuing
+development on the topic branch:
+
+------------
+              o---*---o-------o---o topic
+             /
+    o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o   master
+
+	$ git rebase master topic
+
+				  o---*---o-------o---o topic
+				 /
+    o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o   master
+------------
+
+you could run `git rebase master topic`, to bring yourself
+up-to-date before your topic is ready to be sent upstream.
+This would result in falling back to a three-way merge, and it
+would conflict the same way as the test merge you resolved earlier.
+'git rerere' will be run by 'git rebase' to help you resolve this
+conflict.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..168db08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+git-reset(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge] [-q] [<commit>]
+'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
+'git reset' --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the
+index and working tree to match.
+
+This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent
+commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing
+the undo in the history.
+
+If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
+linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
+
+The second and third forms with 'paths' and/or --patch are used to
+revert selected paths in the index from a given commit, without moving
+HEAD.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--mixed::
+	Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
+	are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
+	been updated. This is the default action.
+
+--soft::
+	Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but
+	requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed
+	files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status' would
+	put it.
+
+--hard::
+	Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
+	switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree
+	since <commit> are lost.
+
+--merge::
+	Resets the index to match the tree recorded by the named commit,
+	and updates the files that are different between the named commit
+	and the current commit in the working tree.
+
+-p::
+--patch::
+	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
+	and <commit> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
+	in reverse to the index.
++
+This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p` (see
+linkgit:git-add[1]).
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be quiet, only report errors.
+
+<commit>::
+	Commit to make the current HEAD. If not given defaults to HEAD.
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+The tables below show what happens when running:
+
+----------
+git reset --option target
+----------
+
+to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
+reset options depending on the state of the files.
+
+In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
+file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
+file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
+state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
+target" will put the file in state A in the working tree, in state B
+in the index and in state D in HEAD.
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       A       B     C    D     --soft   A       B     D
+				--mixed  A       D     D
+				--hard   D       D     D
+				--merge (disallowed)
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       A       B     C    C     --soft   A       B     C
+				--mixed  A       C     C
+				--hard   C       C     C
+				--merge (disallowed)
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       B       B     C    D     --soft   B       B     D
+				--mixed  B       D     D
+				--hard   D       D     D
+				--merge  D       D     D
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       B       B     C    C     --soft   B       B     C
+				--mixed  B       C     C
+				--hard   C       C     C
+				--merge  C       C     C
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       B       C     C    D     --soft   B       C     D
+				--mixed  B       D     D
+				--hard   D       D     D
+				--merge (disallowed)
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       B       C     C    C     --soft   B       C     C
+				--mixed  B       C     C
+				--hard   C       C     C
+				--merge  B       C     C
+
+"reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
+merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the work tree file that is
+involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
+it starts, and that it writes the result out to the work tree. So if
+we see some difference between the index and the target and also
+between the index and the work tree, then it means that we are not
+resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
+with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
+
+The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
+entries:
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       X       U     A    B     --soft  (disallowed)
+				--mixed  X       B     B
+				--hard   B       B     B
+				--merge  B       B     B
+
+      working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+      ----------------------------------------------------
+       X       U     A    A     --soft  (disallowed)
+				--mixed  X       A     A
+				--hard   A       A     A
+				--merge  A       A     A
+
+X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Undo a commit and redo::
++
+------------
+$ git commit ...
+$ git reset --soft HEAD^      <1>
+$ edit                        <2>
+$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD  <3>
+------------
++
+<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
+just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
+message, or both.  Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
+<2> Make corrections to working tree files.
+<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
+commit by starting with its log message.  If you do not need to
+edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
++
+See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
+
+Undo commits permanently::
++
+------------
+$ git commit ...
+$ git reset --hard HEAD~3   <1>
+------------
++
+<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
+and you do not want to ever see them again.  Do *not* do this if
+you have already given these commits to somebody else.  (See the
+"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
+the implications of doing so.)
+
+Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
++
+------------
+$ git branch topic/wip     <1>
+$ git reset --hard HEAD~3  <2>
+$ git checkout topic/wip   <3>
+------------
++
+<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
+to be in the "master" branch.  You want to continue polishing
+them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
+current HEAD.
+<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
+<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
+
+Undo add::
++
+------------
+$ edit                                     <1>
+$ git add frotz.c filfre.c
+$ mailx                                    <2>
+$ git reset                                <3>
+$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol  <4>
+------------
++
+<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
+in these files are in good order.  You do not want to see them
+when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
+and changes with these files are distracting.
+<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
+<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
+not match the HEAD commit).  But you know the pull you are going
+to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
+index changes for these two files.  Your changes in working tree
+remain there.
+<4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
+changes still in the working tree.
+
+Undo a merge or pull::
++
+------------
+$ git pull                         <1>
+Auto-merging nitfol
+CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
+Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
+$ git reset --hard                 <2>
+$ git pull . topic/branch          <3>
+Updating from 41223... to 13134...
+Fast-forward
+$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD       <4>
+------------
++
+<1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
+conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
+right now, so you decide to do that later.
+<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
+which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
+from the index file and the working tree.
+<3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
+in a fast-forward.
+<4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
+consumption yet.  "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
+tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
+brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
+and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
+
+Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty work tree::
++
+------------
+$ git pull                         <1>
+Auto-merging nitfol
+Merge made by recursive.
+ nitfol                |   20 +++++----
+ ...
+$ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD      <2>
+------------
++
+<1> Even if you may have local modifications in your
+working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know
+that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
+them.
+<2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
+that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory.  Running
+"git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
+were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
+want.  "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
+
+
+Interrupted workflow::
++
+Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
+are in the middle of a large change.  The files in your
+working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
+need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
++
+------------
+$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
+$ work work work       ;# got interrupted
+$ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP"                 <1>
+$ git checkout master
+$ fix fix fix
+$ git commit ;# commit with real log
+$ git checkout feature
+$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state  <2>
+$ git reset                                       <3>
+------------
++
+<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
+<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
+    your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
+<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
+    committed as 'snapshot WIP'.  This updates the index to show your
+    WIP files as uncommitted.
++
+See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
+
+Reset a single file in the index::
++
+Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
+want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
+while keeping your changes with git reset.
++
+------------
+$ git reset -- frotz.c                      <1>
+$ git commit -m "Commit files in index"     <2>
+$ git add frotz.c                           <3>
+------------
++
+<1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
+    directory.
+<2> This commits all other changes in the index.
+<3> Adds the file to the index again.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..173f3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+git-rev-list(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
+	     [ \--skip=number ]
+	     [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
+	     [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
+	     [ \--sparse ]
+	     [ \--merges ]
+	     [ \--no-merges ]
+	     [ \--first-parent ]
+	     [ \--remove-empty ]
+	     [ \--full-history ]
+	     [ \--not ]
+	     [ \--all ]
+	     [ \--branches[=pattern] ]
+	     [ \--tags[=pattern] ]
+	     [ \--remotes[=pattern] ]
+	     [ \--glob=glob-pattern ]
+	     [ \--stdin ]
+	     [ \--quiet ]
+	     [ \--topo-order ]
+	     [ \--parents ]
+	     [ \--timestamp ]
+	     [ \--left-right ]
+	     [ \--cherry-pick ]
+	     [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
+	     [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
+	     [ \--regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
+	     [ \--extended-regexp | -E ]
+	     [ \--fixed-strings | -F ]
+	     [ \--date={local|relative|default|iso|rfc|short} ]
+	     [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
+	     [ \--pretty | \--header ]
+	     [ \--bisect ]
+	     [ \--bisect-vars ]
+	     [ \--bisect-all ]
+	     [ \--merge ]
+	     [ \--reverse ]
+	     [ \--walk-reflogs ]
+	     [ \--no-walk ] [ \--do-walk ]
+	     <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+List commits that are reachable by following the `parent` links from the
+given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
+given with a '{caret}' in front of them.  The output is given in reverse
+chronological order by default.
+
+You can think of this as a set operation.  Commits given on the command
+line form a set of commits that are reachable from any of them, and then
+commits reachable from any of the ones given with '{caret}' in front are
+subtracted from that set.  The remaining commits are what comes out in the
+command's output.  Various other options and paths parameters can be used
+to further limit the result.
+
+Thus, the following command:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	$ git rev-list foo bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+means "list all the commits which are reachable from 'foo' or 'bar', but
+not from 'baz'".
+
+A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
+short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
+the following may be used interchangeably:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	$ git rev-list origin..HEAD
+	$ git rev-list HEAD ^origin
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
+for merges.  The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
+between the two operands.  The following two commands are equivalent:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	$ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
+	$ git rev-list A...B
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it
+provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
+this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
+used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
+'git repack'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+:git-rev-list: 1
+include::rev-list-options.txt[]
+
+include::pretty-formats.txt[]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
+and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc73152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+git-rev-parse(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+(i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
+meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
+and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
+downstream of 'git rev-list'.  This command is used to
+distinguish between them.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--parseopt::
+	Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
+
+--keep-dashdash::
+	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
+	out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
+
+--stop-at-non-option::
+	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode.  Lets the option parser stop at
+	the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
+	that take options themselves.
+
+--sq-quote::
+	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+--revs-only::
+	Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
+	'git rev-list' command.
+
+--no-revs::
+	Do not output flags and parameters meant for
+	'git rev-list' command.
+
+--flags::
+	Do not output non-flag parameters.
+
+--no-flags::
+	Do not output flag parameters.
+
+--default <arg>::
+	If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
+	instead.
+
+--verify::
+	The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
+	object name.  Otherwise barf and abort.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
+	message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
+	instead exit with non-zero status silently.
+
+--sq::
+	Usually the output is made one line per flag and
+	parameter.  This option makes output a single line,
+	properly quoted for consumption by shell.  Useful when
+	you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
+	newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
+	'git diff-\*'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
+	the command input is still interpreted as usual.
+
+--not::
+	When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
+	strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
+	one.
+
+--symbolic::
+	Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+	possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
+	form as close to the original input as possible.
+
+--symbolic-full-name::
+	This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
+	are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
+	explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
+	want to name the "master" branch when there is an
+	unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
+	refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
+
+--abbrev-ref[={strict|loose}]::
+	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+	abbreviation mode.
+
+--all::
+	Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
+
+--branches[=pattern]::
+--tags[=pattern]::
+--remotes[=pattern]::
+	Show all branches, tags, or remote-tracking branches,
+	respectively (i.e., refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`,
+	`$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`, or `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`,
+	respectively).
++
+If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
+shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
+`\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/\*`.
+
+--glob=pattern::
+	Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
+	the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
+	prepended.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing
+	character (`?`, `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
+	match by appending `/\*`.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+
+--show-prefix::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+	directory.
+
+--show-cdup::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--git-dir::
+	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
+
+--is-inside-git-dir::
+	When the current working directory is below the repository
+	directory print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--is-inside-work-tree::
+	When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
+	repository print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--is-bare-repository::
+	When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
+
+--short::
+--short=number::
+	Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
+	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
+	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+
+--since=datestring::
+--after=datestring::
+	Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
+	--max-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
+
+--until=datestring::
+--before=datestring::
+	Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
+	--min-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
+
+<args>...::
+	Flags and parameters to be parsed.
+
+
+SPECIFYING REVISIONS
+--------------------
+
+A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
+commit object.  They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
+syntax.  Here are various ways to spell object names.  The
+ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
+blobs contained in a commit.
+
+* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
+  a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
+  E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
+  name the same commit object if there are no other object in
+  your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
+
+* An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
+  followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
+  `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
+
+* A symbolic ref name.  E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
+  object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master.  If you
+  happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
+  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
+  When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
+  first match in the following rules:
+
+  . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
+    useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
+
+  . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
+
+  . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
+
+  . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
+
+  . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
+
+  . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
++
+HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
+FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
+with your last 'git fetch' invocation.
+ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
+way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
+you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
+them easily.
+MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
+when you run 'git merge'.
+
+* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
+  enclosed in a brace
+  pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
+  second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
+  of the ref at a prior point in time.  This suffix may only be
+  used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
+  existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state
+  of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local
+  `master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
+  certain times, see `--since` and `--until`.
+
+* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
+  enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
+  the n-th prior value of that ref.  For example 'master@\{1\}'
+  is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
+  is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
+  immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
+  log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
+
+* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
+  reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
+  branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
+
+* The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
+  before the current one.
+
+* The suffix '@{upstream}' to a ref (short form 'ref@{u}') refers to
+  the branch the ref is set to build on top of.  Missing ref defaults
+  to the current branch.
+
+* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
+  that commit object.  '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
+  'rev{caret}'
+  is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1').  As a special rule,
+  'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
+  object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
+
+* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
+  object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
+  commit object, following only the first parent.  I.e. rev~3 is
+  equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
+  rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1.  See below for a illustration of
+  the usage of this form.
+
+* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
+  brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
+  could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
+  object of that type is found or the object cannot be
+  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  `rev{caret}0`
+  introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
+
+* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
+  (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
+  and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
+  found.
+
+* A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
+  a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
+  This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
+  reachable from any ref.  If the commit message starts with a
+  '!', you have to repeat that;  the special sequence ':/!',
+  followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
+
+* A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
+  at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
+  before the colon.
+
+* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
+  colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
+  index at the given path.  Missing stage number (and the colon
+  that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
+  1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
+  (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
+  the branch being merged.
+
+Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger.  Both commit nodes B
+and C are parents of commit node A.  Parent commits are ordered
+left-to-right.
+
+........................................
+G   H   I   J
+ \ /     \ /
+  D   E   F
+   \  |  / \
+    \ | /   |
+     \|/    |
+      B     C
+       \   /
+        \ /
+         A
+........................................
+
+    A =      = A^0
+    B = A^   = A^1     = A~1
+    C = A^2  = A^2
+    D = A^^  = A^1^1   = A~2
+    E = B^2  = A^^2
+    F = B^3  = A^^3
+    G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
+    H = D^2  = B^^2    = A^^^2  = A~2^2
+    I = F^   = B^3^    = A^^3^
+    J = F^2  = B^3^2   = A^^3^2
+
+
+SPECIFYING RANGES
+-----------------
+
+History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set
+of commits, not just a single commit.  To these commands,
+specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
+previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
+commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
+
+To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
+notation is used.  E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable
+from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
+
+This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
+for it.  When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
+to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
+for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
+from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`.
+
+A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference
+of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
+`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`.
+It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
+`r1` or `r2` but not from both.
+
+Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
+and its parent commits exist.  The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
+parents of `r1`.  `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
+all of its parents.
+
+Here are a handful of examples:
+
+   D                G H D
+   D F              G H I J D F
+   ^G D             H D
+   ^D B             E I J F B
+   B...C            G H D E B C
+   ^D B C           E I J F B C
+   C^@              I J F
+   F^! D            G H D F
+
+PARSEOPT
+--------
+
+In `--parseopt` mode, 'git rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell
+scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
+(e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
+
+It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
+understand, and echoes on the standard output a line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
+to replace the arguments with normalized ones.  In case of error, it outputs
+usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
+
+Input Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
+separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
+(should be more than one) are used for the usage.
+The lines after the separator describe the options.
+
+Each line of options has this format:
+
+------------
+<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
+------------
+
+`<opt_spec>`::
+	its format is the short option character, then the long option name
+	separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
+	is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
+	`<opt_spec>`.
+
+`<flags>`::
+	`<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
+	* Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
+
+	* Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
+
+	* Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
+	  generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
+	  documented in linkgit:gitcli[7].
+
+	* Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
+
+The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
+as the help associated to the option.
+
+Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
+as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
+lines on purpose).
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+------------
+OPTS_SPEC="\
+some-command [options] <args>...
+
+some-command does foo and bar!
+--
+h,help    show the help
+
+foo       some nifty option --foo
+bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
+
+  An option group Header
+C?        option C with an optional argument"
+
+eval `echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?`
+------------
+
+SQ-QUOTE
+--------
+
+In `--sq-quote` mode, 'git rev-parse' echoes on the standard output a
+single line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`. This line is made by
+normalizing the arguments following `--sq-quote`. Nothing other than
+quoting the arguments is done.
+
+If you want command input to still be interpreted as usual by
+'git rev-parse' before the output is shell quoted, see the `--sq`
+option.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+------------
+$ cat >your-git-script.sh <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")   # quote user-supplied arguments
+command="git frotz -n24 $args"          # and use it inside a handcrafted
+					# command line
+eval "$command"
+EOF
+
+$ sh your-git-script.sh "a b'c"
+------------
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Print the object name of the current commit:
++
+------------
+$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+------------
+
+* Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
++
+------------
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+------------
++
+This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
+
+* Same as above:
++
+------------
+$ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
+------------
++
+but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> .
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c66bf80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+git-revert(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-revert - Revert an existing commit
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git revert' [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Given one existing commit, revert the change the patch introduces, and record a
+new commit that records it.  This requires your working tree to be clean (no
+modifications from the HEAD commit).
+
+Note: 'git revert' is used to record a new commit to reverse the
+effect of an earlier commit (often a faulty one).  If you want to
+throw away all uncommitted changes in your working directory, you
+should see linkgit:git-reset[1], particularly the '--hard' option.  If
+you want to extract specific files as they were in another commit, you
+should see linkgit:git-checkout[1], specifically the `git checkout
+<commit> -- <filename>` syntax.  Take care with these alternatives as
+both will discard uncommitted changes in your working directory.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<commit>::
+	Commit to revert.
+	For a more complete list of ways to spell commit names, see
+	"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+-e::
+--edit::
+	With this option, 'git revert' will let you edit the commit
+	message prior to committing the revert. This is the default if
+	you run the command from a terminal.
+
+-m parent-number::
+--mainline parent-number::
+	Usually you cannot revert a merge because you do not know which
+	side of the merge should be considered the mainline.  This
+	option specifies the parent number (starting from 1) of
+	the mainline and allows revert to reverse the change
+	relative to the specified parent.
++
+Reverting a merge commit declares that you will never want the tree changes
+brought in by the merge.  As a result, later merges will only bring in tree
+changes introduced by commits that are not ancestors of the previously
+reverted merge.  This may or may not be what you want.
++
+See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
+more details.
+
+--no-edit::
+	With this option, 'git revert' will not start the commit
+	message editor.
+
+-n::
+--no-commit::
+	Usually the command automatically creates a commit with
+	a commit log message stating which commit was
+	reverted.  This flag applies the change necessary
+	to revert the named commit to your working tree
+	and the index, but does not make the commit.  In addition,
+	when this option is used, your index does not have to match
+	the HEAD commit.  The revert is done against the
+	beginning state of your index.
++
+This is useful when reverting more than one commits'
+effect to your index in a row.
+
+-s::
+--signoff::
+	Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c21d19e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+git-rm(1)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-rm - Remove files from the working tree and from the index
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git rm' [-f | --force] [-n] [-r] [--cached] [--ignore-unmatch] [--quiet] [--] <file>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Remove files from the index, or from the working tree and the index.
+`git rm` will not remove a file from just your working directory.
+(There is no option to remove a file only from the working tree
+and yet keep it in the index; use `/bin/rm` if you want to do that.)
+The files being removed have to be identical to the tip of the branch,
+and no updates to their contents can be staged in the index,
+though that default behavior can be overridden with the `-f` option.
+When `--cached` is given, the staged content has to
+match either the tip of the branch or the file on disk,
+allowing the file to be removed from just the index.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<file>...::
+	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
+	remove all matching files.  If you want git to expand
+	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
+	A leading directory name
+	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
+	given to remove all files in the directory, and recursively
+	all sub-directories,
+	but this requires the `-r` option to be explicitly given.
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	Override the up-to-date check.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Don't actually remove any file(s).  Instead, just show
+	if they exist in the index and would otherwise be removed
+	by the command.
+
+-r::
+        Allow recursive removal when a leading directory name is
+        given.
+
+\--::
+	This option can be used to separate command-line options from
+	the list of files, (useful when filenames might be mistaken
+	for command-line options).
+
+--cached::
+	Use this option to unstage and remove paths only from the index.
+	Working tree files, whether modified or not, will be
+	left alone.
+
+--ignore-unmatch::
+	Exit with a zero status even if no files matched.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	`git rm` normally outputs one line (in the form of an `rm` command)
+	for each file removed. This option suppresses that output.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
+file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
+removes only the paths that are known to git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.
+
+File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
+two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
+using `git rm \'d\*\'` and `git rm \'d/\*\'`, as the former will
+also remove all of directory `d2`.
+
+REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM
+--------------------------------------------------------
+There is no option for `git rm` to remove from the index only
+the paths that have disappeared from the filesystem. However,
+depending on the use case, there are several ways that can be
+done.
+
+Using "git commit -a"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+If you intend that your next commit should record all modifications
+of tracked files in the working tree and record all removals of
+files that have been removed from the working tree with `rm`
+(as opposed to `git rm`), use `git commit -a`, as it will
+automatically notice and record all removals.  You can also have a
+similar effect without committing by using `git add -u`.
+
+Using "git add -A"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+When accepting a new code drop for a vendor branch, you probably
+want to record both the removal of paths and additions of new paths
+as well as modifications of existing paths.
+
+Typically you would first remove all tracked files from the working
+tree using this command:
+
+----------------
+git ls-files -z | xargs -0 rm -f
+----------------
+
+and then "untar" the new code in the working tree. Alternately
+you could "rsync" the changes into the working tree.
+
+After that, the easiest way to record all removals, additions, and
+modifications in the working tree is:
+
+----------------
+git add -A
+----------------
+
+See linkgit:git-add[1].
+
+Other ways
+~~~~~~~~~~
+If all you really want to do is to remove from the index the files
+that are no longer present in the working tree (perhaps because
+your working tree is dirty so that you cannot use `git commit -a`),
+use the following command:
+
+----------------
+git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached
+----------------
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+git rm Documentation/\\*.txt::
+	Removes all `\*.txt` files from the index that are under the
+	`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
++
+Note that the asterisk `\*` is quoted from the shell in this
+example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
+of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
+
+git rm -f git-*.sh::
+	Because this example lets the shell expand the asterisk
+	(i.e. you are listing the files explicitly), it
+	does not remove `subdir/git-foo.sh`.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-add[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ced35b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+git-send-email(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
+Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
+files in the directory), or directly as a revision list.  In the
+last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
+be passed to git send-email.
+
+The header of the email is configurable by command line options.  If not
+specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
+enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
+
+There are two formats accepted for patch files:
+
+1. mbox format files
++
+This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates.  Most headers and MIME
+formatting are ignored.
+
+2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
+script
++
+This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
+and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+Composing
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+--annotate::
+	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
+	CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+
+--bcc=<address>::
+	Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
+	'sendemail.bcc'.
++
+The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
+
+--cc=<address>::
+	Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
+	Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
++
+The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
+
+--compose::
+	Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
+	to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
++
+When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
+In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
+(what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
+(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
+and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
++
+Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
++
+See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+
+--from=<address>::
+	Specify the sender of the emails.  If not specified on the command line,
+	the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used.  If
+	neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
+	user will be prompted for the value.  The default for the prompt will be
+	the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
+	set, as returned by "git var -l".
+
+--in-reply-to=<identifier>::
+	Specify the contents of the first In-Reply-To header.
+	Subsequent emails will refer to the previous email
+	instead of this if --chain-reply-to is set.
+	Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
+	is not set, this will be prompted for.
+
+--subject=<string>::
+	Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
+	Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
+	is not set, this will be prompted for.
+
+--to=<address>::
+	Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
+	will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
+	value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
+	this will be prompted for.
++
+The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
+
+
+Sending
+~~~~~~~
+
+--envelope-sender=<address>::
+	Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
+	This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
+	subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
+	value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
+	suitable privileges for the -f parameter.  Default is the value of the
+	'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
+	unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
+
+--smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
+	Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'.  Any other
+	value reverts to plain SMTP.  Default is the value of
+	'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
+
+--smtp-pass[=<password>]::
+	Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
+	argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
+	the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
+	however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
++
+Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
+or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
+'--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
+specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
+user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
+
+--smtp-server=<host>::
+	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
+	`smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address).  Alternatively it can
+	specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
+	the program must support the `-i` option.  Default value can
+	be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
+	option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
+	`/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
+	`localhost` otherwise.
+
+--smtp-server-port=<port>::
+	Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
+	servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
+	submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
+	symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
+	are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
+	'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
+
+--smtp-ssl::
+	Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+
+--smtp-user=<user>::
+	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
+	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
+	then authentication is not attempted.
+
+
+Automating
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--cc-cmd=<command>::
+	Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
+	should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
+	Output of this command must be single email address per line.
+	Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
+
+--[no-]chain-reply-to::
+	If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
+	email sent.  If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
+	the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent.  When using
+	this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
+	entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
+	configuration variable can be used to enable it.
+
+--identity=<identity>::
+	A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
+	'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
+	values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
+	the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
+
+--[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
+	If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
+	cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
+	value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
+
+--suppress-cc=<category>::
+	Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
+	auto-cc of:
++
+--
+- 'author' will avoid including the patch author
+- 'self' will avoid including the sender
+- 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
+  except for self (use 'self' for that).
+- 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
+  patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
+- 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
+   for self (use 'self' for that).
+- 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
+- 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
+- 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
+--
++
+Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
+that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
+specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
+
+--[no-]suppress-from::
+	If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
+	Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
+	value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
+
+--[no-]thread::
+	If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
+	added to each email sent.  Whether each mail refers to the
+	previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
+	wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
+	governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
++
+If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
+(unless specified with --in-reply-to).  Default is the value of the
+'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
+default to --thread.
++
+It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
+exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
+'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
+Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
+recipient's MUA.
+
+
+Administering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--confirm=<mode>::
+	Confirm just before sending:
++
+--
+- 'always' will always confirm before sending
+- 'never' will never confirm before sending
+- 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
+  added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
+- 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
+- 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
+--
++
+Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
+is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
+have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
+
+--dry-run::
+	Do everything except actually send the emails.
+
+--[no-]format-patch::
+	When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
+	choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
+	or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
+	occurs, git send-email will fail.
+
+--quiet::
+	Make git-send-email less verbose.  One line per email should be
+	all that is output.
+
+--[no-]validate::
+	Perform sanity checks on patches.
+	Currently, validation means the following:
++
+--
+		*	Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
+			is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
+--
++
+Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
+default to '--validate'.
+
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+sendemail.aliasesfile::
+	To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
+	email aliases files.  You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
+
+sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+	Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
+	one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
+
+sendemail.multiedit::
+	If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
+	files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
+	summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
+	after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
+
+sendemail.confirm::
+	Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
+	one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
+	in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+
+git-send-email is originally based upon
+send_lots_of_email.pl by Greg Kroah-Hartman.
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Ryan Anderson
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8178d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+git-send-pack(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git send-pack' [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Usually you would want to use 'git push', which is a
+higher-level wrapper of this command, instead. See linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+Invokes 'git-receive-pack' on a possibly remote repository, and
+updates it from the current repository, sending named refs.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
+	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
+	end.  Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
+	repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
+	a directory on the default $PATH.
+
+--exec=<git-receive-pack>::
+	Same as \--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>.
+
+--all::
+	Instead of explicitly specifying which refs to update,
+	update all heads that locally exist.
+
+--dry-run::
+	Do everything except actually send the updates.
+
+--force::
+	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that
+	is not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
+	This flag disables the check.  What this means is that
+	the remote repository can lose commits; use it with
+	care.
+
+--verbose::
+	Run verbosely.
+
+--thin::
+	Spend extra cycles to minimize the number of objects to be sent.
+	Use it on slower connection.
+
+<host>::
+	A remote host to house the repository.  When this
+	part is specified, 'git-receive-pack' is invoked via
+	ssh.
+
+<directory>::
+	The repository to update.
+
+<ref>...::
+	The remote refs to update.
+
+
+Specifying the Refs
+-------------------
+
+There are three ways to specify which refs to update on the
+remote end.
+
+With '--all' flag, all refs that exist locally are transferred to
+the remote side.  You cannot specify any '<ref>' if you use
+this flag.
+
+Without '--all' and without any '<ref>', the heads that exist
+both on the local side and on the remote side are updated.
+
+When one or more '<ref>' are specified explicitly, it can be either a
+single pattern, or a pair of such pattern separated by a colon
+":" (this means that a ref name cannot have a colon in it).  A
+single pattern '<name>' is just a shorthand for '<name>:<name>'.
+
+Each pattern pair consists of the source side (before the colon)
+and the destination side (after the colon).  The ref to be
+pushed is determined by finding a match that matches the source
+side, and where it is pushed is determined by using the
+destination side. The rules used to match a ref are the same
+rules used by 'git rev-parse' to resolve a symbolic ref
+name. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+ - It is an error if <src> does not match exactly one of the
+   local refs.
+
+ - It is an error if <dst> matches more than one remote refs.
+
+ - If <dst> does not match any remote ref, either
+
+   * it has to start with "refs/"; <dst> is used as the
+     destination literally in this case.
+
+   * <src> == <dst> and the ref that matched the <src> must not
+     exist in the set of remote refs; the ref matched <src>
+     locally is used as the name of the destination.
+
+Without '--force', the <src> ref is stored at the remote only if
+<dst> does not exist, or <dst> is a proper subset (i.e. an
+ancestor) of <src>.  This check, known as "fast-forward check",
+is performed in order to avoid accidentally overwriting the
+remote ref and lose other peoples' commits from there.
+
+With '--force', the fast-forward check is disabled for all refs.
+
+Optionally, a <ref> parameter can be prefixed with a plus '+' sign
+to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3da2413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+git-sh-setup(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'. "$(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup"'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This is not a command the end user would want to run.  Ever.
+This documentation is meant for people who are studying the
+Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
+
+The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
+`.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at
+the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.
+
+Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables;
+`USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
+given by `usage()` shell function.  `SUBDIRECTORY_OK` can be set
+if the script can run from a subdirectory of the working tree
+(some commands do not).
+
+The scriptlet sets `GIT_DIR` and `GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` shell
+variables, but does *not* export them to the environment.
+
+FUNCTIONS
+---------
+
+die::
+	exit after emitting the supplied error message to the
+	standard error stream.
+
+usage::
+	die with the usage message.
+
+set_reflog_action::
+	set the message that will be recorded to describe the
+	end-user action in the reflog, when the script updates a
+	ref.
+
+git_editor::
+	runs an editor of user's choice (GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL or
+	EDITOR) on a given file, but error out if no editor is specified
+	and the terminal is dumb.
+
+is_bare_repository::
+	outputs `true` or `false` to the standard output stream
+	to indicate if the repository is a bare repository
+	(i.e. without an associated working tree).
+
+cd_to_toplevel::
+	runs chdir to the toplevel of the working tree.
+
+require_work_tree::
+	checks if the repository is a bare repository, and dies
+	if so.  Used by scripts that require working tree
+	(e.g. `checkout`).
+
+get_author_ident_from_commit::
+	outputs code for use with eval to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL and GIT_AUTHOR_DATE variables for a given commit.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f3ad81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+git-shell(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-shell - Restricted login shell for GIT-only SSH access
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'$(git --exec-path)/git-shell' -c <command> <argument>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This is meant to be used as a login shell for SSH accounts you want
+to restrict to GIT pull/push access only. It permits execution only
+of server-side GIT commands implementing the pull/push functionality.
+The commands can be executed only by the '-c' option; the shell is not
+interactive.
+
+Currently, only four commands are permitted to be called, 'git-receive-pack'
+'git-upload-pack' and 'git-upload-archive' with a single required argument, or
+'cvs server' (to invoke 'git-cvsserver').
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Petr Baudis and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfd4d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+git-shortlog(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-shortlog - Summarize 'git log' output
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
+'git shortlog' [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] [<committish>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Summarizes 'git log' output in a format suitable for inclusion
+in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and
+the first line of the commit message will be shown.
+
+Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-h::
+--help::
+	Print a short usage message and exit.
+
+-n::
+--numbered::
+	Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead
+	of author alphabetic order.
+
+-s::
+--summary::
+	Suppress commit description and provide a commit count summary only.
+
+-e::
+--email::
+	Show the email address of each author.
+
+-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]::
+	Linewrap the output by wrapping each line at `width`.  The first
+	line of each entry is indented by `indent1` spaces, and the second
+	and subsequent lines are indented by `indent2` spaces. `width`,
+	`indent1`, and `indent2` default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
+
+
+MAPPING AUTHORS
+---------------
+
+The `.mailmap` feature is used to coalesce together commits by the same
+person in the shortlog, where their name and/or email address was
+spelled differently.
+
+include::mailmap.txt[]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7343361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+git-show-branch(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-show-branch - Show branches and their commits
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git show-branch' [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]
+		[--current] [--color | --no-color] [--sparse]
+		[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]
+		[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics]
+		[<rev> | <glob>]...
+
+'git show-branch' (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Shows the commit ancestry graph starting from the commits named
+with <rev>s or <globs>s (or all refs under $GIT_DIR/refs/heads
+and/or $GIT_DIR/refs/tags) semi-visually.
+
+It cannot show more than 29 branches and commits at a time.
+
+It uses `showbranch.default` multi-valued configuration items if
+no <rev> nor <glob> is given on the command line.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<rev>::
+	Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1])
+	that typically names a branch head or a tag.
+
+<glob>::
+	A glob pattern that matches branch or tag names under
+	$GIT_DIR/refs.  For example, if you have many topic
+	branches under $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/topic, giving
+	`topic/*` would show all of them.
+
+-r::
+--remotes::
+	Show the remote-tracking branches.
+
+-a::
+--all::
+	Show both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
+
+--current::
+	With this option, the command includes the current
+	branch to the list of revs to be shown when it is not
+	given on the command line.
+
+--topo-order::
+        By default, the branches and their commits are shown in
+        reverse chronological order.  This option makes them
+        appear in topological order (i.e., descendant commits
+        are shown before their parents).
+
+--date-order::
+	This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
+	parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise commits
+	are ordered according to their commit date.
+
+--sparse::
+	By default, the output omits merges that are reachable
+	from only one tip being shown.  This option makes them
+	visible.
+
+--more=<n>::
+	Usually the command stops output upon showing the commit
+	that is the common ancestor of all the branches.  This
+	flag tells the command to go <n> more common commits
+	beyond that.  When <n> is negative, display only the
+	<reference>s given, without showing the commit ancestry
+	tree.
+
+--list::
+	Synonym to `--more=-1`
+
+--merge-base::
+	Instead of showing the commit list, determine possible
+	merge bases for the specified commits. All merge bases
+	will be contained in all specified commits. This is
+	different from how linkgit:git-merge-base[1] handles
+	the case of three or more commits.
+
+--independent::
+	Among the <reference>s given, display only the ones that
+	cannot be reached from any other <reference>.
+
+--no-name::
+	Do not show naming strings for each commit.
+
+--sha1-name::
+	Instead of naming the commits using the path to reach
+	them from heads (e.g. "master~2" to mean the grandparent
+	of "master"), name them with the unique prefix of their
+	object names.
+
+--topics::
+	Shows only commits that are NOT on the first branch given.
+	This helps track topic branches by hiding any commit that
+	is already in the main line of development.  When given
+	"git show-branch --topics master topic1 topic2", this
+	will show the revisions given by "git rev-list {caret}master
+	topic1 topic2"
+
+-g::
+--reflog[=<n>[,<base>]] [<ref>]::
+	Shows <n> most recent ref-log entries for the given
+	ref.  If <base> is given, <n> entries going back from
+	that entry.  <base> can be specified as count or date.
+	When no explicit <ref> parameter is given, it defaults to the
+	current branch (or `HEAD` if it is detached).
+
+--color::
+	Color the status sign (one of these: `*` `!` `+` `-`) of each commit
+	corresponding to the branch it's in.
+
+--no-color::
+	Turn off colored output, even when the configuration file gives the
+	default to color output.
+
+Note that --more, --list, --independent and --merge-base options
+are mutually exclusive.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+Given N <references>, the first N lines are the one-line
+description from their commit message.  The branch head that is
+pointed at by $GIT_DIR/HEAD is prefixed with an asterisk `*`
+character while other heads are prefixed with a `!` character.
+
+Following these N lines, one-line log for each commit is
+displayed, indented N places.  If a commit is on the I-th
+branch, the I-th indentation character shows a `+` sign;
+otherwise it shows a space.  Merge commits are denoted by
+a `-` sign.  Each commit shows a short name that
+can be used as an extended SHA1 to name that commit.
+
+The following example shows three branches, "master", "fixes"
+and "mhf":
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-branch master fixes mhf
+* [master] Add 'git show-branch'.
+ ! [fixes] Introduce "reset type" flag to "git reset"
+  ! [mhf] Allow "+remote:local" refspec to cause --force when fetching.
+---
+  + [mhf] Allow "+remote:local" refspec to cause --force when fetching.
+  + [mhf~1] Use git-octopus when pulling more than one heads.
+ +  [fixes] Introduce "reset type" flag to "git reset"
+  + [mhf~2] "git fetch --force".
+  + [mhf~3] Use .git/remote/origin, not .git/branches/origin.
+  + [mhf~4] Make "git pull" and "git fetch" default to origin
+  + [mhf~5] Infamous 'octopus merge'
+  + [mhf~6] Retire git-parse-remote.
+  + [mhf~7] Multi-head fetch.
+  + [mhf~8] Start adding the $GIT_DIR/remotes/ support.
+*++ [master] Add 'git show-branch'.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+These three branches all forked from a common commit, [master],
+whose commit message is "Add \'git show-branch\'". The "fixes"
+branch adds one commit "Introduce "reset type" flag to "git reset"".
+The "mhf" branch adds many other commits. The current branch
+is "master".
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+If you keep your primary branches immediately under
+`$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`, and topic branches in subdirectories of
+it, having the following in the configuration file may help:
+
+------------
+[showbranch]
+	default = --topo-order
+	default = heads/*
+
+------------
+
+With this, `git show-branch` without extra parameters would show
+only the primary branches.  In addition, if you happen to be on
+your topic branch, it is shown as well.
+
+------------
+$ git show-branch --reflog="10,1 hour ago" --list master
+------------
+
+shows 10 reflog entries going back from the tip as of 1 hour ago.
+Without `--list`, the output also shows how these tips are
+topologically related with each other.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8382fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+git-show-index(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-show-index - Show packed archive index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git show-index' < idx-file
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with
+'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents.
+
+The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
+'git verify-pack -v'; this command only shows the packfile
+offset and SHA1 of each object.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df17d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+git-show-ref(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-show-ref - List references in a local repository
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git show-ref' [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference]
+	     [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags]
+	     [--heads] [--] <pattern>...
+'git show-ref' --exclude-existing[=<pattern>] < ref-list
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Displays references available in a local repository along with the associated
+commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be
+dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a
+particular ref exists.
+
+The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the
+refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository.
+
+Use of this utility is encouraged in favor of directly accessing files under
+the `.git` directory.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--head::
+
+	Show the HEAD reference.
+
+--tags::
+--heads::
+
+	Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These
+	options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored
+	in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
+
+-d::
+--dereference::
+
+	Dereference tags into object IDs as well. They will be shown with "^{}"
+	appended.
+
+-s::
+--hash[=<n>]::
+
+	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+
+--verify::
+
+	Enable stricter reference checking by requiring an exact ref path.
+	Aside from returning an error code of 1, it will also print an error
+	message if '--quiet' was not specified.
+
+--abbrev[=<n>]::
+
+	Abbreviate the object name.  When using `--hash`, you do
+	not have to say `--hash --abbrev`; `--hash=n` would do.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+
+	Do not print any results to stdout. When combined with '--verify' this
+	can be used to silently check if a reference exists.
+
+--exclude-existing[=<pattern>]::
+
+	Make 'git show-ref' act as a filter that reads refs from stdin of the
+	form "^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:\^\{\})?$" and performs the
+	following actions on each:
+	(1) strip "^{}" at the end of line if any;
+	(2) ignore if pattern is provided and does not head-match refname;
+	(3) warn if refname is not a well-formed refname and skip;
+	(4) ignore if refname is a ref that exists in the local repository;
+	(5) otherwise output the line.
+
+
+<pattern>...::
+
+	Show references matching one or more patterns.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+The output is in the format: '<SHA-1 ID>' '<space>' '<reference name>'.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-ref --head --dereference
+832e76a9899f560a90ffd62ae2ce83bbeff58f54 HEAD
+832e76a9899f560a90ffd62ae2ce83bbeff58f54 refs/heads/master
+832e76a9899f560a90ffd62ae2ce83bbeff58f54 refs/heads/origin
+3521017556c5de4159da4615a39fa4d5d2c279b5 refs/tags/v0.99.9c
+6ddc0964034342519a87fe013781abf31c6db6ad refs/tags/v0.99.9c^{}
+055e4ae3ae6eb344cbabf2a5256a49ea66040131 refs/tags/v1.0rc4
+423325a2d24638ddcc82ce47be5e40be550f4507 refs/tags/v1.0rc4^{}
+...
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+When using --hash (and not --dereference) the output format is: '<SHA-1 ID>'
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-ref --heads --hash
+2e3ba0114a1f52b47df29743d6915d056be13278
+185008ae97960c8d551adcd9e23565194651b5d1
+03adf42c988195b50e1a1935ba5fcbc39b2b029b
+...
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To show all references called "master", whether tags or heads or anything
+else, and regardless of how deep in the reference naming hierarchy they are,
+use:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref master
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This will show "refs/heads/master" but also "refs/remote/other-repo/master",
+if such references exists.
+
+When using the '--verify' flag, the command requires an exact path:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref --verify refs/heads/master
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+will only match the exact branch called "master".
+
+If nothing matches, 'git show-ref' will return an error code of 1,
+and in the case of verification, it will show an error message.
+
+For scripting, you can ask it to be quiet with the "--quiet" flag, which
+allows you to do things like
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref --quiet --verify -- "refs/heads/$headname" ||
+		echo "$headname is not a valid branch"
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+to check whether a particular branch exists or not (notice how we don't
+actually want to show any results, and we want to use the full refname for it
+in order to not trigger the problem with ambiguous partial matches).
+
+To show only tags, or only proper branch heads, use "--tags" and/or "--heads"
+respectively (using both means that it shows tags and heads, but not other
+random references under the refs/ subdirectory).
+
+To do automatic tag object dereferencing, use the "-d" or "--dereference"
+flag, so you can do
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	git show-ref --tags --dereference
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+to get a listing of all tags together with what they dereference.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-ls-remote[1]
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
+Man page by Jonas Fonseca <fonseca@diku.dk>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55e687a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+git-show(1)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-show - Show various types of objects
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git show' [options] <object>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Shows one or more objects (blobs, trees, tags and commits).
+
+For commits it shows the log message and textual diff. It also
+presents the merge commit in a special format as produced by
+'git diff-tree --cc'.
+
+For tags, it shows the tag message and the referenced objects.
+
+For trees, it shows the names (equivalent to 'git ls-tree'
+with \--name-only).
+
+For plain blobs, it shows the plain contents.
+
+The command takes options applicable to the 'git diff-tree' command to
+control how the changes the commit introduces are shown.
+
+This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<object>...::
+	The names of objects to show.
+	For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
+	"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+include::pretty-options.txt[]
+
+
+include::pretty-formats.txt[]
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+git show v1.0.0::
+	Shows the tag `v1.0.0`, along with the object the tags
+	points at.
+
+git show v1.0.0^\{tree\}::
+	Shows the tree pointed to by the tag `v1.0.0`.
+
+git show next~10:Documentation/README::
+	Shows the contents of the file `Documentation/README` as
+	they were current in the 10th last commit of the branch
+	`next`.
+
+git show master:Makefile master:t/Makefile::
+	Concatenates the contents of said Makefiles in the head
+	of the branch `master`.
+
+Discussion
+----------
+
+include::i18n.txt[]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.  Significantly enhanced by
+Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>.
+
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Petr Baudis and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stage.txt b/Documentation/git-stage.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f251a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-stage.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+git-stage(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-stage - Add file contents to the staging area
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git stage' args...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This is a synonym for linkgit:git-add[1].  Please refer to the
+documentation of that command.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84e555d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+git-stash(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git stash' list [<options>]
+'git stash' show [<stash>]
+'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
+'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
+'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
+'git stash' [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]]
+'git stash' clear
+'git stash' create
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Use `git stash` when you want to record the current state of the
+working directory and the index, but want to go back to a clean
+working directory.  The command saves your local modifications away
+and reverts the working directory to match the `HEAD` commit.
+
+The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with
+`git stash list`, inspected with `git stash show`, and restored
+(potentially on top of a different commit) with `git stash apply`.
+Calling `git stash` without any arguments is equivalent to `git stash save`.
+A stash is by default listed as "WIP on 'branchname' ...", but
+you can give a more descriptive message on the command line when
+you create one.
+
+The latest stash you created is stored in `$GIT_DIR/refs/stash`; older
+stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using
+the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the most recently
+created stash, `stash@\{1}` is the one before it, `stash@\{2.hours.ago}`
+is also possible).
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+save [--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
+
+	Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset
+	--hard` to revert them.  The <message> part is optional and gives
+	the description along with the stashed state.  For quickly making
+	a snapshot, you can omit _both_ "save" and <message>, but giving
+	only <message> does not trigger this action to prevent a misspelled
+	subcommand from making an unwanted stash.
++
+If the `--keep-index` option is used, all changes already added to the
+index are left intact.
++
+With `--patch`, you can interactively select hunks from in the diff
+between HEAD and the working tree to be stashed.  The stash entry is
+constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state
+of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you
+selected interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back
+from your worktree.
++
+The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
+`--no-keep-index` to override this.
+
+list [<options>]::
+
+	List the stashes that you currently have.  Each 'stash' is listed
+	with its name (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@\{1}` is
+	the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the
+	stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was
+	based on.
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+stash@{0}: WIP on submit: 6ebd0e2... Update git-stash documentation
+stash@{1}: On master: 9cc0589... Add git-stash
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+The command takes options applicable to the 'git log'
+command to control what is shown and how. See linkgit:git-log[1].
+
+show [<stash>]::
+
+	Show the changes recorded in the stash as a diff between the
+	stashed state and its original parent. When no `<stash>` is given,
+	shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but
+	it will accept any format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show
+	-p stash@\{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form).
+
+pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
+
+	Remove a single stashed state from the stash list and apply it
+	on top of the current working tree state, i.e., do the inverse
+	operation of `git stash save`. The working directory must
+	match the index.
++
+Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not
+removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand
+and call `git stash drop` manually afterwards.
++
+If the `--index` option is used, then tries to reinstate not only the working
+tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you
+have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no
+longer apply the changes as they were originally).
++
+When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@\{0}` is assumed.
+
+apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
+
+	Like `pop`, but do not remove the state from the stash list.
+
+branch <branchname> [<stash>]::
+
+	Creates and checks out a new branch named `<branchname>` starting from
+	the commit at which the `<stash>` was originally created, applies the
+	changes recorded in `<stash>` to the new working tree and index, then
+	drops the `<stash>` if that completes successfully. When no `<stash>`
+	is given, applies the latest one.
++
+This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash save` has
+changed enough that `git stash apply` fails due to conflicts. Since
+the stash is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the time
+`git stash` was run, it restores the originally stashed state with
+no conflicts.
+
+clear::
+	Remove all the stashed states. Note that those states will then
+	be subject to pruning, and may be impossible to recover (see
+	'Examples' below for a possible strategy).
+
+drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
+
+	Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>`
+	is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@\{0}`
+
+create::
+
+	Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its
+	object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+A stash is represented as a commit whose tree records the state of the
+working directory, and its first parent is the commit at `HEAD` when
+the stash was created.  The tree of the second parent records the
+state of the index when the stash is made, and it is made a child of
+the `HEAD` commit.  The ancestry graph looks like this:
+
+            .----W
+           /    /
+     -----H----I
+
+where `H` is the `HEAD` commit, `I` is a commit that records the state
+of the index, and `W` is a commit that records the state of the working
+tree.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Pulling into a dirty tree::
+
+When you are in the middle of something, you learn that there are
+upstream changes that are possibly relevant to what you are
+doing.  When your local changes do not conflict with the changes in
+the upstream, a simple `git pull` will let you move forward.
++
+However, there are cases in which your local changes do conflict with
+the upstream changes, and `git pull` refuses to overwrite your
+changes.  In such a case, you can stash your changes away,
+perform a pull, and then unstash, like this:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull
+ ...
+file foobar not up to date, cannot merge.
+$ git stash
+$ git pull
+$ git stash pop
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Interrupted workflow::
+
+When you are in the middle of something, your boss comes in and
+demands that you fix something immediately.  Traditionally, you would
+make a commit to a temporary branch to store your changes away, and
+return to your original branch to make the emergency fix, like this:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+# ... hack hack hack ...
+$ git checkout -b my_wip
+$ git commit -a -m "WIP"
+$ git checkout master
+$ edit emergency fix
+$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry"
+$ git checkout my_wip
+$ git reset --soft HEAD^
+# ... continue hacking ...
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+You can use 'git stash' to simplify the above, like this:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+# ... hack hack hack ...
+$ git stash
+$ edit emergency fix
+$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry"
+$ git stash pop
+# ... continue hacking ...
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Testing partial commits::
+
+You can use `git stash save --keep-index` when you want to make two or
+more commits out of the changes in the work tree, and you want to test
+each change before committing:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+# ... hack hack hack ...
+$ git add --patch foo            # add just first part to the index
+$ git stash save --keep-index    # save all other changes to the stash
+$ edit/build/test first part
+$ git commit -m 'First part'     # commit fully tested change
+$ git stash pop                  # prepare to work on all other changes
+# ... repeat above five steps until one commit remains ...
+$ edit/build/test remaining parts
+$ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts'
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Recovering stashes that were cleared/dropped erroneously::
+
+If you mistakenly drop or clear stashes, they cannot be recovered
+through the normal safety mechanisms.  However, you can try the
+following incantation to get a list of stashes that are still in your
+repository, but not reachable any more:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+git fsck --unreachable |
+grep commit | cut -d\  -f3 |
+xargs git log --merges --no-walk --grep=WIP
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-checkout[1],
+linkgit:git-commit[1],
+linkgit:git-reflog[1],
+linkgit:git-reset[1]
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cab91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+git-status(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-status - Show the working tree status
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git status' [<options>...] [--] [<pathspec>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the
+current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working
+tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not
+tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
+are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and
+third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running
+`git commit`.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-s::
+--short::
+	Give the output in the short-format.
+
+--porcelain::
+	Give the output in a stable, easy-to-parse format for scripts.
+	Currently this is identical to --short output, but is guaranteed
+	not to change in the future, making it safe for scripts.
+
+-u[<mode>]::
+--untracked-files[=<mode>]::
+	Show untracked files (Default: 'all').
++
+The mode parameter is optional, and is used to specify
+the handling of untracked files. The possible options are:
++
+--
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
+--
++
+See linkgit:git-config[1] for configuration variable
+used to change the default for when the option is not
+specified.
+
+-z::
+	Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF.  This implies
+	the `--porcelain` output format if no other format is given.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+The output from this command is designed to be used as a commit
+template comment, and all the output lines are prefixed with '#'.
+The default, long format, is designed to be human readable,
+verbose and descriptive.  They are subject to change in any time.
+
+The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are
+made relative to the current directory if you are working in a
+subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See
+the status.relativePaths config option below.
+
+In short-format, the status of each path is shown as
+
+	XY PATH1 -> PATH2
+
+where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and ` -> PATH2` part is
+shown only when `PATH1` corresponds to a different path in the
+index/worktree (i.e. renamed).
+
+For unmerged entries, `X` shows the status of stage #2 (i.e. ours) and `Y`
+shows the status of stage #3 (i.e. theirs).
+
+For entries that do not have conflicts, `X` shows the status of the index,
+and `Y` shows the status of the work tree.  For untracked paths, `XY` are
+`??`.
+
+    X          Y     Meaning
+    -------------------------------------------------
+              [MD]   not updated
+    M        [ MD]   updated in index
+    A        [ MD]   added to index
+    D        [ MD]   deleted from index
+    R        [ MD]   renamed in index
+    C        [ MD]   copied in index
+    [MARC]           index and work tree matches
+    [ MARC]     M    work tree changed since index
+    [ MARC]     D    deleted in work tree
+    -------------------------------------------------
+    D           D    unmerged, both deleted
+    A           U    unmerged, added by us
+    U           D    unmerged, deleted by them
+    U           A    unmerged, added by them
+    D           U    unmerged, deleted by us
+    A           A    unmerged, both added
+    U           U    unmerged, both modified
+    -------------------------------------------------
+    ?           ?    untracked
+    -------------------------------------------------
+
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+The command honors `color.status` (or `status.color` -- they
+mean the same thing and the latter is kept for backward
+compatibility) and `color.status.<slot>` configuration variables
+to colorize its output.
+
+If the config variable `status.relativePaths` is set to false, then all
+paths shown are relative to the repository root, not to the current
+directory.
+
+If `status.submodulesummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
+to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled for
+the long format and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be
+shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7508c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+git-stripspace(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-stripspace - Filter out empty lines
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git stripspace' [-s | --strip-comments] < <stream>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Remove multiple empty lines, and empty lines at beginning and end.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-s::
+--strip-comments::
+	In addition to empty lines, also strip lines starting with '#'.
+
+<stream>::
+	Byte stream to act on.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2502531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+git-submodule(1)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
+'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Submodules allow foreign repositories to be embedded within
+a dedicated subdirectory of the source tree, always pointed
+at a particular commit.
+
+They are not to be confused with remotes, which are meant mainly
+for branches of the same project; submodules are meant for
+different projects you would like to make part of your source tree,
+while the history of the two projects still stays completely
+independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule
+from within the main project.
+If you want to merge the project histories and want to treat the
+aggregated whole as a single project from then on, you may want to
+add a remote for the other project and use the 'subtree' merge strategy,
+instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories
+that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole
+if you choose to go that route.
+
+Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
+in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
+within the inner repository that is completely separate.
+A record in the `.gitmodules` file at the root of the source
+tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and describes
+the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
+The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
+local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
+
+This command will manage the tree entries and contents of the
+gitmodules file for you, as well as inspect the status of your
+submodules and update them.
+When adding a new submodule to the tree, the 'add' subcommand
+is to be used.  However, when pulling a tree containing submodules,
+these will not be checked out by default;
+the 'init' and 'update' subcommands will maintain submodules
+checked out and at appropriate revision in your working tree.
+You can briefly inspect the up-to-date status of your submodules
+using the 'status' subcommand and get a detailed overview of the
+difference between the index and checkouts using the 'summary'
+subcommand.
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+add::
+	Add the given repository as a submodule at the given path
+	to the changeset to be committed next to the current
+	project: the current project is termed the "superproject".
++
+This requires at least one argument: <repository>. The optional
+argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
+to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
+"humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
+"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
++
+<repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
+This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
+or ../), the location relative to the superproject's origin
+repository.
++
+<path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
+exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
+submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
+exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
+to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
+to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
+the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
++
+In either case, the given URL is recorded into .gitmodules for
+use by subsequent users cloning the superproject. If the URL is
+given relative to the superproject's repository, the presumption
+is the superproject and submodule repositories will be kept
+together in the same relative location, and only the
+superproject's URL needs to be provided: git-submodule will correctly
+locate the submodule using the relative URL in .gitmodules.
+
+status::
+	Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
+	currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
+	submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
+	SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
+	initialized and `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
+	does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
+	repository. This command is the default command for 'git submodule'.
++
+If '--recursive' is specified, this command will recurse into nested
+submodules, and show their status as well.
+
+init::
+	Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
+	and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
+	The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
+	This command does not alter existing information in .git/config.
+	You can then customize the submodule clone URLs in .git/config
+	for your local setup and proceed to `git submodule update`;
+	you can also just use `git submodule update --init` without
+	the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
+	any submodule locations.
+
+update::
+	Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
+	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
+	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless '--rebase' or
+	'--merge' is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
+	`rebase` or `merge`.
++
+If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
+setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
+submodule with the --init option.
++
+If '--recursive' is specified, this command will recurse into the
+registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
+
+summary::
+	Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
+	working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
+	in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
+	index or working tree (switched by --cached) are shown. If the option
+	--files is given, show the series of commits in the submodule between
+	the index of the super project and the working tree of the submodule
+	(this option doesn't allow to use the --cached option or to provide an
+	explicit commit).
+
+foreach::
+	Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule.
+	The command has access to the variables $name, $path and $sha1:
+	$name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules,
+	$path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the
+	superproject, and $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject.
+	Any submodules defined in the superproject but not checked out are
+	ignored by this command. Unless given --quiet, foreach prints the name
+	of each submodule before evaluating the command.
+	If --recursive is given, submodules are traversed recursively (i.e.
+	the given shell command is evaluated in nested submodules as well).
+	A non-zero return from the command in any submodule causes
+	the processing to terminate. This can be overridden by adding '|| :'
+	to the end of the command.
++
+As an example, +git submodule foreach \'echo $path {backtick}git
+rev-parse HEAD{backtick}'+ will show the path and currently checked out
+commit for each submodule.
+
+sync::
+	Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
+	to the value specified in .gitmodules.  This is useful when
+	submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
+	repositories accordingly.
++
+"git submodule sync" synchronizes all submodules while
+"git submodule sync -- A" synchronizes submodule "A" only.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Only print error messages.
+
+-b::
+--branch::
+	Branch of repository to add as submodule.
+
+--cached::
+	This option is only valid for status and summary commands.  These
+	commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
+	with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.
+
+--files::
+	This option is only valid for the summary command. This command
+	compares the commit in the index with that in the submodule HEAD
+	when this option is used.
+
+-n::
+--summary-limit::
+	This option is only valid for the summary command.
+	Limit the summary size (number of commits shown in total).
+	Giving 0 will disable the summary; a negative number means unlimited
+	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
+	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
+
+-N::
+--no-fetch::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.
+
+--merge::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
+	of the submodule. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will
+	not be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will
+	have to resolve the resulting conflicts within the submodule with the
+	usual conflict resolution tools.
+	If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `merge`, this option is
+	implicit.
+
+--rebase::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Rebase the current branch onto the commit recorded in the
+	superproject. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will not
+	be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will have
+	to resolve these failures with linkgit:git-rebase[1].
+	If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, this option is
+	implicit.
+
+--reference <repository>::
+	This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
+	commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
+	this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command.
++
+*NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note
+for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s --reference and --shared options carefully.
+
+--recursive::
+	This option is only valid for foreach, update and status commands.
+	Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
+	only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
+	in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
+
+<path>...::
+	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
+	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
+	(This argument is required with add).
+
+FILES
+-----
+When initializing submodules, a .gitmodules file in the top-level directory
+of the containing repository is used to find the url of each submodule.
+This file should be formatted in the same way as `$GIT_DIR/config`. The key
+to each submodule url is "submodule.$name.url".  See linkgit:gitmodules[5]
+for details.
+
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f3c1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,867 @@
+git-svn(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git svn' <command> [options] [arguments]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
+It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
+repository.
+
+'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository,
+following the common "trunk/branches/tags" layout, with the --stdlayout option.
+It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options
+(see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
+
+Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git
+repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
+Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+'init'::
+	Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+	metadata directories for 'git svn'.  The Subversion URL
+	may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
+	URL arguments to -T/-t/-b.  Optionally, the target
+	directory to operate on can be specified as a second
+	argument.  Normally this command initializes the current
+	directory.
+
+-T<trunk_subdir>;;
+--trunk=<trunk_subdir>;;
+-t<tags_subdir>;;
+--tags=<tags_subdir>;;
+-b<branches_subdir>;;
+--branches=<branches_subdir>;;
+-s;;
+--stdlayout;;
+	These are optional command-line options for init.  Each of
+	these flags can point to a relative repository path
+	(--tags=project/tags) or a full url
+	(--tags=https://foo.org/project/tags).
+	You can specify more than one --tags and/or --branches options, in case
+	your Subversion repository places tags or branches under multiple paths.
+	The option --stdlayout is
+	a shorthand way of setting trunk,tags,branches as the relative paths,
+	which is the Subversion default. If any of the other options are given
+	as well, they take precedence.
+--no-metadata;;
+	Set the 'noMetadata' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--use-svm-props;;
+	Set the 'useSvmProps' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--use-svnsync-props;;
+	Set the 'useSvnsyncProps' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--rewrite-root=<URL>;;
+	Set the 'rewriteRoot' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--rewrite-uuid=<UUID>;;
+	Set the 'rewriteUUID' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--username=<USER>;;
+	For transports that SVN handles authentication for (http,
+	https, and plain svn), specify the username.  For other
+	transports (eg svn+ssh://), you must include the username in
+	the URL, eg svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project
+--prefix=<prefix>;;
+	This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended
+	to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are
+	specified.  The prefix does not automatically include a
+	trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
+	argument if that is what you want.  If --branches/-b is
+	specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash.
+	Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple
+	projects that share a common repository.
+--ignore-paths=<regex>;;
+	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
+	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
+	of '--ignore-paths'.
+--no-minimize-url;;
+	When tracking multiple directories (using --stdlayout,
+	--branches, or --tags options), git svn will attempt to connect
+	to the root (or highest allowed level) of the Subversion
+	repository.  This default allows better tracking of history if
+	entire projects are moved within a repository, but may cause
+	issues on repositories where read access restrictions are in
+	place.  Passing '--no-minimize-url' will allow git svn to
+	accept URLs as-is without attempting to connect to a higher
+	level directory.  This option is off by default when only
+	one URL/branch is tracked (it would do little good).
+
+'fetch'::
+	Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
+	tracking.  The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
+	.git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
+	argument.
+
+--localtime;;
+	Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC.  This
+	makes 'git log' (even without --date=local) show the same times
+	that `svn log` would in the local timezone.
++
+This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion
+repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git
+repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git
+repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in
+the same local timezone.
+
+--parent;;
+	Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD.
+
+--ignore-paths=<regex>;;
+	This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
+	cause skipping of all matching paths from checkout from SVN.
+	The '--ignore-paths' option should match for every 'fetch'
+	(including automatic fetches due to 'clone', 'dcommit',
+	'rebase', etc) on a given repository.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn-remote.<name>.ignore-paths
++
+If the ignore-paths config key is set and the command line option is
+also given, both regular expressions will be used.
++
+Examples:
++
+--
+Skip "doc*" directory for every fetch;;
++
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--ignore-paths="^doc"
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Skip "branches" and "tags" of first level directories;;
++
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--ignore-paths="^[^/]+/(?:branches|tags)"
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+
+--use-log-author;;
+	When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of fetch, rebase, or
+	dcommit operations), look for the first From: or Signed-off-by: line
+	in the log message and use that as the author string.
+--add-author-from;;
+	When committing to svn from git (as part of commit or dcommit
+	operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
+	From: or Signed-off-by: line, append a From: line based on the
+	git commit's author string.  If you use this, then --use-log-author
+	will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
+
+'clone'::
+	Runs 'init' and 'fetch'.  It will automatically create a
+	directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
+	or if a second argument is passed; it will create a directory
+	and work within that.  It accepts all arguments that the
+	'init' and 'fetch' commands accept; with the exception of
+	'--fetch-all' and '--parent'.  After a repository is cloned,
+	the 'fetch' command will be able to update revisions without
+	affecting the working tree; and the 'rebase' command will be
+	able to update the working tree with the latest changes.
+
+'rebase'::
+	This fetches revisions from the SVN parent of the current HEAD
+	and rebases the current (uncommitted to SVN) work against it.
++
+This works similarly to `svn update` or 'git pull' except that
+it preserves linear history with 'git rebase' instead of
+'git merge' for ease of dcommitting with 'git svn'.
++
+This accepts all options that 'git svn fetch' and 'git rebase'
+accept.  However, '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current
+[svn-remote], and not all [svn-remote] definitions.
++
+Like 'git rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
+and have no uncommitted changes.
+
+-l;;
+--local;;
+	Do not fetch remotely; only run 'git rebase' against the
+	last fetched commit from the upstream SVN.
+
+'dcommit'::
+	Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN
+	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
+	not there is a diff between SVN and head).  This will create
+	a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
+	It is recommended that you run 'git svn' fetch and rebase (not
+	pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the
+	SVN repository.
+	An optional revision or branch argument may be specified, and
+	causes 'git svn' to do all work on that revision/branch
+	instead of HEAD.
+	This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces
+	cleaner, more linear history.
++
+--no-rebase;;
+	After committing, do not rebase or reset.
+--commit-url <URL>;;
+	Commit to this SVN URL (the full path).  This is intended to
+	allow existing 'git svn' repositories created with one transport
+	method (e.g. `svn://` or `http://` for anonymous read) to be
+	reused if a user is later given access to an alternate transport
+	method (e.g. `svn+ssh://` or `https://`) for commit.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
+config key: svn.commiturl (overwrites all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl options)
++
+Using this option for any other purpose (don't ask) is very strongly
+discouraged.
+
+'branch'::
+	Create a branch in the SVN repository.
+
+-m;;
+--message;;
+	Allows to specify the commit message.
+
+-t;;
+--tag;;
+	Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
+	specified during git svn init.
+
+-d;;
+--destination;;
+	If more than one --branches (or --tags) option was given to the 'init'
+	or 'clone' command, you must provide the location of the branch (or
+	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  The value of this
+	option must match one of the paths specified by a --branches (or
+	--tags) option.  You can see these paths with the commands
++
+	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.branches
+	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.tags
++
+where <name> is the name of the SVN repository as specified by the -R option to
+'init' (or "svn" by default).
+
+--username;;
+	Specify the SVN username to perform the commit as.  This option overrides
+	configuration property 'username'.
+
+--commit-url;;
+	Use the specified URL to connect to the destination Subversion
+	repository.  This is useful in cases where the source SVN
+	repository is read-only.  This option overrides configuration
+	property 'commiturl'.
++
+	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
++
+
+'tag'::
+	Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
+	'branch -t'.
+
+'log'::
+	This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn
+	users refer to -r/--revision numbers.
++
+The following features from `svn log' are supported:
++
+--
+-r <n>[:<n>];;
+--revision=<n>[:<n>];;
+	is supported, non-numeric args are not:
+	HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ...
+-v;;
+--verbose;;
+	it's not completely compatible with the --verbose
+	output in svn log, but reasonably close.
+--limit=<n>;;
+	is NOT the same as --max-count, doesn't count
+	merged/excluded commits
+--incremental;;
+	supported
+--
++
+New features:
++
+--
+--show-commit;;
+	shows the git commit sha1, as well
+--oneline;;
+	our version of --pretty=oneline
+--
++
+NOTE: SVN itself only stores times in UTC and nothing else. The regular svn
+client converts the UTC time to the local time (or based on the TZ=
+environment). This command has the same behaviour.
++
+Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
+
+'blame'::
+       Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
+       output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
+       `svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
+       local uncommitted changes in the working copy are ignored;
+       the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
+       arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
++
+--git-format;;
+	Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with
+	SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
+	changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
+	working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
+
+'find-rev'::
+	When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
+	corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
+	tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched).  When given a
+	tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
+
+'set-tree'::
+	You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
+	Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN.  This relies on
+	your imported fetch data being up-to-date.  This makes
+	absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it
+	simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or
+	commit.  All merging is assumed to have taken place
+	independently of 'git svn' functions.
+
+'create-ignore'::
+	Recursively finds the svn:ignore property on directories and
+	creates matching .gitignore files. The resulting files are staged to
+	be committed, but are not committed. Use -r/--revision to refer to a
+	specific revision.
+
+'show-ignore'::
+	Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on
+	directories.  The output is suitable for appending to
+	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
+
+'mkdirs'::
+	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track
+	based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files.
+	Empty directories are automatically recreated when using
+	"git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended
+	for use after commands like "git checkout" or "git reset".
+
+'commit-diff'::
+	Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the
+	command-line.  This command does not rely on being inside an `git svn
+	init`-ed repository.  This command takes three arguments, (a) the
+	original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the
+	URL of the target Subversion repository.  The final argument
+	(URL) may be omitted if you are working from a 'git svn'-aware
+	repository (that has been `init`-ed with 'git svn').
+	The -r<revision> option is required for this.
+
+'info'::
+	Shows information about a file or directory similar to what
+	`svn info' provides.  Does not currently support a -r/--revision
+	argument.  Use the --url option to output only the value of the
+	'URL:' field.
+
+'proplist'::
+	Lists the properties stored in the Subversion repository about a
+	given file or directory.  Use -r/--revision to refer to a specific
+	Subversion revision.
+
+'propget'::
+	Gets the Subversion property given as the first argument, for a
+	file.  A specific revision can be specified with -r/--revision.
+
+'show-externals'::
+	Shows the Subversion externals.  Use -r/--revision to specify a
+	specific revision.
+
+'gc'::
+	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files in .git/svn
+	and remove $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>index files in .git/svn.
+
+'reset'::
+	Undoes the effects of 'fetch' back to the specified revision.
+	This allows you to re-'fetch' an SVN revision.  Normally the
+	contents of an SVN revision should never change and 'reset'
+	should not be necessary.  However, if SVN permissions change,
+	or if you alter your --ignore-paths option, a 'fetch' may fail
+	with "not found in commit" (file not previously visible) or
+	"checksum mismatch" (missed a modification).  If the problem
+	file cannot be ignored forever (with --ignore-paths) the only
+	way to repair the repo is to use 'reset'.
++
+Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed.  Follow 'reset'
+with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to move local
+branches onto the new tree.
+
+-r <n>;;
+--revision=<n>;;
+	Specify the most recent revision to keep.  All later revisions
+	are discarded.
+-p;;
+--parent;;
+	Discard the specified revision as well, keeping the nearest
+	parent instead.
+Example:;;
+Assume you have local changes in "master", but you need to refetch "r2".
++
+------------
+    r1---r2---r3 remotes/git-svn
+                \
+                 A---B master
+------------
++
+Fix the ignore-paths or SVN permissions problem that caused "r2" to
+be incomplete in the first place.  Then:
++
+[verse]
+git svn reset -r2 -p
+git svn fetch
++
+------------
+    r1---r2'--r3' remotes/git-svn
+      \
+       r2---r3---A---B master
+------------
++
+Then fixup "master" with 'git rebase'.
+Do NOT use 'git merge' or your history will not be compatible with a
+future 'dcommit'!
++
+[verse]
+git rebase --onto remotes/git-svn A^ master
++
+------------
+    r1---r2'--r3' remotes/git-svn
+                \
+                 A'--B' master
+------------
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--shared[={false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody}]::
+--template=<template_directory>::
+	Only used with the 'init' command.
+	These are passed directly to 'git init'.
+
+-r <ARG>::
+--revision <ARG>::
+	   Used with the 'fetch' command.
++
+This allows revision ranges for partial/cauterized history
+to be supported.  $NUMBER, $NUMBER1:$NUMBER2 (numeric ranges),
+$NUMBER:HEAD, and BASE:$NUMBER are all supported.
++
+This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch;
+but is generally not recommended because history will be skipped
+and lost.
+
+-::
+--stdin::
+	Only used with the 'set-tree' command.
++
+Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
+order.  Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
+'git rev-list --pretty=oneline' output can be used.
+
+--rmdir::
+	Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
++
+Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
+behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
+the commit to SVN act like git.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn.rmdir
+
+-e::
+--edit::
+	Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
++
+Edit the commit message before committing to SVN.  This is off by
+default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
+tree objects.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn.edit
+
+-l<num>::
+--find-copies-harder::
+	Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
++
+They are both passed directly to 'git diff-tree'; see
+linkgit:git-diff-tree[1] for more information.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn.l
+config key: svn.findcopiesharder
+
+-A<filename>::
+--authors-file=<filename>::
+	Syntax is compatible with the file used by 'git cvsimport':
++
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+If this option is specified and 'git svn' encounters an SVN
+committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, 'git svn'
+will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
+appropriate entry.  Re-running the previous 'git svn' command
+after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn.authorsfile
+
+--authors-prog=<filename>::
+	If this option is specified, for each SVN committer name that
+	does not exist in the authors file, the given file is executed
+	with the committer name as the first argument.  The program is
+	expected to return a single line of the form "Name <email>",
+	which will be treated as if included in the authors file.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Make 'git svn' less verbose. Specify a second time to make it
+	even less verbose.
+
+--repack[=<n>]::
+--repack-flags=<flags>::
+	These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches with
+	many revisions.
++
+--repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
+to fetch before repacking.  This defaults to repacking every
+1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
++
+--repack-flags are passed directly to 'git repack'.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn.repack
+config key: svn.repackflags
+
+-m::
+--merge::
+-s<strategy>::
+--strategy=<strategy>::
+	These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
++
+Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
+'git reset' cannot be used (see 'dcommit').
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and
+	'tag' commands.
++
+For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
+which diffs would be committed to SVN.
++
+For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
+repository associated with the current branch and the URL of svn
+repository that will be fetched from.
++
+For 'branch' and 'tag', display the urls that will be used for copying when
+creating the branch or tag.
+
+
+ADVANCED OPTIONS
+----------------
+
+-i<GIT_SVN_ID>::
+--id <GIT_SVN_ID>::
+	This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment).  This
+	allows the user to override the default refname to fetch from
+	when tracking a single URL.  The 'log' and 'dcommit' commands
+	no longer require this switch as an argument.
+
+-R<remote name>::
+--svn-remote <remote name>::
+	Specify the [svn-remote "<remote name>"] section to use,
+	this allows SVN multiple repositories to be tracked.
+	Default: "svn"
+
+--follow-parent::
+	This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
+	that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
+	started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
+	descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
+	--no-follow-parent to disable it.
++
+[verse]
+config key: svn.followparent
+
+CONFIG FILE-ONLY OPTIONS
+------------------------
+
+svn.noMetadata::
+svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata::
+	This gets rid of the 'git-svn-id:' lines at the end of every commit.
++
+If you lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, 'git svn' will not
+be able to rebuild it and you won't be able to fetch again,
+either.  This is fine for one-shot imports.
++
+The 'git svn log' command will not work on repositories using
+this, either.  Using this conflicts with the 'useSvmProps'
+option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
+
+svn.useSvmProps::
+svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps::
+	This allows 'git svn' to re-map repository URLs and UUIDs from
+	mirrors created using SVN::Mirror (or svk) for metadata.
++
+If an SVN revision has a property, "svm:headrev", it is likely
+that the revision was created by SVN::Mirror (also used by SVK).
+The property contains a repository UUID and a revision.  We want
+to make it look like we are mirroring the original URL, so
+introduce a helper function that returns the original identity
+URL and UUID, and use it when generating metadata in commit
+messages.
+
+svn.useSvnsyncProps::
+svn-remote.<name>.useSvnsyncprops::
+	Similar to the useSvmProps option; this is for users
+	of the svnsync(1) command distributed with SVN 1.4.x and
+	later.
+
+svn-remote.<name>.rewriteRoot::
+	This allows users to create repositories from alternate
+	URLs.  For example, an administrator could run 'git svn' on the
+	server locally (accessing via file://) but wish to distribute
+	the repository with a public http:// or svn:// URL in the
+	metadata so users of it will see the public URL.
+
+svn-remote.<name>.rewriteUUID::
+	Similar to the useSvmProps option; this is for users who need
+	to remap the UUID manually. This may be useful in situations
+	where the original UUID is not available via either useSvmProps
+	or useSvnsyncProps.
+
+svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround::
+	This disables potentially expensive checks to workaround
+	broken symlinks checked into SVN by broken clients.  Set this
+	option to "false" if you track a SVN repository with many
+	empty blobs that are not symlinks.  This option may be changed
+	while 'git svn' is running and take effect on the next
+	revision fetched.  If unset, 'git svn' assumes this option to
+	be "true".
+
+Since the noMetadata, rewriteRoot, rewriteUUID, useSvnsyncProps and useSvmProps
+options all affect the metadata generated and used by 'git svn'; they
+*must* be set in the configuration file before any history is imported
+and these settings should never be changed once they are set.
+
+Additionally, only one of these options can be used per svn-remote
+section because they affect the 'git-svn-id:' metadata line, except
+for rewriteRoot and rewriteUUID which can be used together.
+
+
+BASIC EXAMPLES
+--------------
+
+Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Clone a repo (like git clone):
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project/trunk
+# Enter the newly cloned directory:
+	cd trunk
+# You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch'
+	git branch
+# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+	git commit ...
+# Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
+# latest changes in SVN:
+	git svn rebase
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
+	git svn dcommit
+# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
+	git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project
+(complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Clone a repo (like git clone):
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
+# View all branches and tags you have cloned:
+	git branch -r
+# Create a new branch in SVN
+    git svn branch waldo
+# Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
+# with the appropriate name):
+	git reset --hard remotes/trunk
+# You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time.  The usage
+# of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The initial 'git svn clone' can be quite time-consuming
+(especially for large Subversion repositories). If multiple
+people (or one person with multiple machines) want to use
+'git svn' to interact with the same Subversion repository, you can
+do the initial 'git svn clone' to a repository on a server and
+have each person clone that repository with 'git clone':
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Do the initial import on a server
+	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project
+# Clone locally - make sure the refs/remotes/ space matches the server
+	mkdir project
+	cd project
+	git init
+	git remote add origin server:/pub/project
+	git config --add remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
+	git fetch
+# Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
+	git checkout -b master FETCH_HEAD
+# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server)
+	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project
+# Pull the latest changes from Subversion
+	git svn rebase
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE
+---------------------
+
+Originally, 'git svn' recommended that the 'remotes/git-svn' branch be
+pulled or merged from.  This is because the author favored
+`git svn set-tree B` to commit a single head rather than the
+`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits.
+
+If you use `git svn set-tree A..B` to commit several diffs and you do
+not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should
+use `git svn rebase` to update your work branch instead of `git pull` or
+`git merge`.  `pull`/`merge` can cause non-linear history to be flattened
+when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing
+previous commits in SVN.
+
+DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
+-----------------
+Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
+with Subversion can be cumbersome as a result.  While 'git svn' can track
+copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
+standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
+inside git back upstream to SVN users.  Therefore it is advised that
+users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
+compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
+
+CAVEATS
+-------
+
+For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with a less-capable system
+(SVN), it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
+directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
+operations between git repositories and branches.  The recommended
+method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
+'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
+
+Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
+plan to 'dcommit' from.  Subversion does not represent merges in any
+reasonable or useful fashion; so users using Subversion cannot see any
+merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
+that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
+branch.
+
+If you do merge, note the following rule: 'git svn dcommit' will
+attempt to commit on top of the SVN commit named in
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+git log --grep=^git-svn-id: --first-parent -1
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+You 'must' therefore ensure that the most recent commit of the branch
+you want to dcommit to is the 'first' parent of the merge.  Chaos will
+ensue otherwise, especially if the first parent is an older commit on
+the same SVN branch.
+
+'git clone' does not clone branches under the refs/remotes/ hierarchy or
+any 'git svn' metadata, or config.  So repositories created and managed with
+using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
+at all.
+
+Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to
+before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
+on the remote repository.  This is generally considered bad practice,
+see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
+
+Do not use the --amend option of linkgit:git-commit[1] on a change you've
+already dcommitted.  It is considered bad practice to --amend commits
+you've already pushed to a remote repository for other users, and
+dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.
+
+When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically
+handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have
+the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name).  In these cases,
+use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
+the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with
+different name spaces.  For example:
+
+	branches = stable/*:refs/remotes/svn/stable/*
+	branches = debug/*:refs/remotes/svn/debug/*
+
+BUGS
+----
+
+We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
+properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
+
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
+tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
+this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
+the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+renamed and copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough
+for git to detect them.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
+repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core git
+[remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
+arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
+and 'tags' keys.  Since some SVN repositories are oddly
+configured with multiple projects glob expansions such those
+listed below are allowed:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "project-a"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+	branches = branches/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	tags = tags/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Keep in mind that the '\*' (asterisk) wildcard of the local ref
+(right of the ':') *must* be the farthest right path component;
+however the remote wildcard may be anywhere as long as it's an
+independent path component (surrounded by '/' or EOL).   This
+type of configuration is not automatically created by 'init' and
+should be manually entered with a text-editor or using 'git config'.
+
+It is also possible to fetch a subset of branches or tags by using a
+comma-separated list of names within braces. For example:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "huge-project"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/src:refs/remotes/trunk
+	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/branches/*
+	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch
+or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after
+fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or
+reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33a1536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+git-symbolic-ref(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [-m <reason>] <name> [<ref>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Given one argument, reads which branch head the given symbolic
+ref refers to and outputs its path, relative to the `.git/`
+directory.  Typically you would give `HEAD` as the <name>
+argument to see which branch your working tree is on.
+
+Given two arguments, creates or updates a symbolic ref <name> to
+point at the given branch <ref>.
+
+A symbolic ref is a regular file that stores a string that
+begins with `ref: refs/`.  For example, your `.git/HEAD` is
+a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Do not issue an error message if the <name> is not a
+	symbolic ref but a detached HEAD; instead exit with
+	non-zero status silently.
+
+-m::
+	Update the reflog for <name> with <reason>.  This is valid only
+	when creating or updating a symbolic ref.
+
+NOTES
+-----
+In the past, `.git/HEAD` was a symbolic link pointing at
+`refs/heads/master`.  When we wanted to switch to another branch,
+we did `ln -sf refs/heads/newbranch .git/HEAD`, and when we wanted
+to find out which branch we are on, we did `readlink .git/HEAD`.
+This was fine, and internally that is what still happens by
+default, but on platforms that do not have working symlinks,
+or that do not have the `readlink(1)` command, this was a bit
+cumbersome.  On some platforms, `ln -sf` does not even work as
+advertised (horrors).  Therefore symbolic links are now deprecated
+and symbolic refs are used by default.
+
+'git symbolic-ref' will exit with status 0 if the contents of the
+symbolic ref were printed correctly, with status 1 if the requested
+name is not a symbolic ref, or 128 if another error occurs.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31c78a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+git-tag(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-tag - Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
+	<tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
+'git tag' -d <tagname>...
+'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [<pattern>]
+'git tag' -v <tagname>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Adds a tag reference in `.git/refs/tags/`.
+
+Unless `-f` is given, the tag must not yet exist in
+`.git/refs/tags/` directory.
+
+If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command
+creates a 'tag' object, and requires the tag message.  Unless
+`-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given, an editor is started for the user to type
+in the tag message.
+
+If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
+are absent, `-a` is implied.
+
+Otherwise just the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
+written (i.e. a lightweight tag).
+
+A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
+<key-id>` is used.  When `-u <key-id>` is not used, the
+committer identity for the current user is used to find the
+GnuPG key for signing.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-a::
+	Make an unsigned, annotated tag object
+
+-s::
+	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the default e-mail address's key
+
+-u <key-id>::
+	Make a GPG-signed tag, using the given key
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	Replace an existing tag with the given name (instead of failing)
+
+-d::
+	Delete existing tags with the given names.
+
+-v::
+	Verify the gpg signature of the given tag names.
+
+-n<num>::
+	<num> specifies how many lines from the annotation, if any,
+	are printed when using -l.
+	The default is not to print any annotation lines.
+	If no number is given to `-n`, only the first line is printed.
+	If the tag is not annotated, the commit message is displayed instead.
+
+-l <pattern>::
+	List tags with names that match the given pattern (or all if no pattern is given).
+	Typing "git tag" without arguments, also lists all tags.
+
+--contains <commit>::
+	Only list tags which contain the specified commit.
+
+-m <msg>::
+	Use the given tag message (instead of prompting).
+	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
+	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
+	Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
+	is given.
+
+-F <file>::
+	Take the tag message from the given file.  Use '-' to
+	read the message from the standard input.
+	Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
+	is given.
+
+<tagname>::
+	The name of the tag to create, delete, or describe.
+	The new tag name must pass all checks defined by
+	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
+	may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
+committer identity (of the form "Your Name <your@email.address>") to
+find a key.  If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
+it in the repository configuration as follows:
+
+-------------------------------------
+[user]
+    signingkey = <gpg-key-id>
+-------------------------------------
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+On Re-tagging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+What should you do when you tag a wrong commit and you would
+want to re-tag?
+
+If you never pushed anything out, just re-tag it. Use "-f" to
+replace the old one. And you're done.
+
+But if you have pushed things out (or others could just read
+your repository directly), then others will have already seen
+the old tag. In that case you can do one of two things:
+
+. The sane thing.
+Just admit you screwed up, and use a different name. Others have
+already seen one tag-name, and if you keep the same name, you
+may be in the situation that two people both have "version X",
+but they actually have 'different' "X"'s.  So just call it "X.1"
+and be done with it.
+
+. The insane thing.
+You really want to call the new version "X" too, 'even though'
+others have already seen the old one. So just use 'git tag -f'
+again, as if you hadn't already published the old one.
+
+However, Git does *not* (and it should not) change tags behind
+users back. So if somebody already got the old tag, doing a
+'git pull' on your tree shouldn't just make them overwrite the old
+one.
+
+If somebody got a release tag from you, you cannot just change
+the tag for them by updating your own one. This is a big
+security issue, in that people MUST be able to trust their
+tag-names.  If you really want to do the insane thing, you need
+to just fess up to it, and tell people that you messed up. You
+can do that by making a very public announcement saying:
+
+------------
+Ok, I messed up, and I pushed out an earlier version tagged as X. I
+then fixed something, and retagged the *fixed* tree as X again.
+
+If you got the wrong tag, and want the new one, please delete
+the old one and fetch the new one by doing:
+
+	git tag -d X
+	git fetch origin tag X
+
+to get my updated tag.
+
+You can test which tag you have by doing
+
+	git rev-parse X
+
+which should return 0123456789abcdef.. if you have the new version.
+
+Sorry for inconvenience.
+------------
+
+Does this seem a bit complicated?  It *should* be. There is no
+way that it would be correct to just "fix" it behind peoples
+backs. People need to know that their tags might have been
+changed.
+
+
+On Automatic following
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you are following somebody else's tree, you are most likely
+using tracking branches (`refs/heads/origin` in traditional
+layout, or `refs/remotes/origin/master` in the separate-remote
+layout).  You usually want the tags from the other end.
+
+On the other hand, if you are fetching because you would want a
+one-shot merge from somebody else, you typically do not want to
+get tags from there.  This happens more often for people near
+the toplevel but not limited to them.  Mere mortals when pulling
+from each other do not necessarily want to automatically get
+private anchor point tags from the other person.
+
+You would notice "please pull" messages on the mailing list says
+repo URL and branch name alone.  This is designed to be easily
+cut&pasted to a 'git fetch' command line:
+
+------------
+Linus, please pull from
+
+	git://git..../proj.git master
+
+to get the following updates...
+------------
+
+becomes:
+
+------------
+$ git pull git://git..../proj.git master
+------------
+
+In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow other's
+tags.
+
+One important aspect of git is it is distributed, and being
+distributed largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
+"downstream" in the system.  On the face of it, the above
+example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
+by upper echelon of people and tags only flow downwards, but
+that is not the case.  It only shows that the usage pattern
+determines who are interested in whose tags.
+
+A one-shot pull is a sign that a commit history is now crossing
+the boundary between one circle of people (e.g. "people who are
+primarily interested in the networking part of the kernel") who may
+have their own set of tags (e.g. "this is the third release
+candidate from the networking group to be proposed for general
+consumption with 2.6.21 release") to another circle of people
+(e.g. "people who integrate various subsystem improvements").
+The latter are usually not interested in the detailed tags used
+internally in the former group (that is what "internal" means).
+That is why it is desirable not to follow tags automatically in
+this case.
+
+It may well be that among networking people, they may want to
+exchange the tags internal to their group, but in that workflow
+they are most likely tracking with each other's progress by
+having tracking branches.  Again, the heuristic to automatically
+follow such tags is a good thing.
+
+
+On Backdating Tags
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you have imported some changes from another VCS and would like
+to add tags for major releases of your work, it is useful to be able
+to specify the date to embed inside of the tag object.  The data in
+the tag object affects, for example, the ordering of tags in the
+gitweb interface.
+
+To set the date used in future tag objects, set the environment
+variable GIT_COMMITTER_DATE to one or more of the date and time.  The
+date and time can be specified in a number of ways; the most common
+is "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM".
+
+An example follows.
+
+------------
+$ GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-10-02 10:31" git tag -s v1.0.1
+------------
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>,
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c786bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+git-tar-tree(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-tar-tree - Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree object
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git tar-tree' [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [ <base> ]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+THIS COMMAND IS DEPRECATED.  Use 'git archive' with `--format=tar`
+option instead (and move the <base> argument to `--prefix=base/`).
+
+Creates a tar archive containing the tree structure for the named tree.
+When <base> is specified it is added as a leading path to the files in the
+generated tar archive.
+
+'git tar-tree' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when given
+a commit ID or tag ID.  In the first case the current time is used as
+modification time of each file in the archive.  In the latter case the
+commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is used instead.
+Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global extended pax header.
+It can be extracted using 'git get-tar-commit-id'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+<tree-ish>::
+	The tree or commit to produce tar archive for.  If it is
+	the object name of a commit object.
+
+<base>::
+	Leading path to the files in the resulting tar archive.
+
+--remote=<repo>::
+	Instead of making a tar archive from local repository,
+	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+tar.umask::
+	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
+	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
+	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
+	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) for
+	details.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+git tar-tree HEAD junk | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar xf -)::
+
+	Create a tar archive that contains the contents of the
+	latest commit on the current branch, and extracts it in
+	`/var/tmp/junk` directory.
+
+git tar-tree v1.4.0 git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz::
+
+	Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release.
+
+git tar-tree v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz::
+
+	Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a
+	global extended pax header.
+
+git tar-tree --remote=example.com:git.git v1.4.0 >git-1.4.0.tar::
+
+	Get a tarball v1.4.0 from example.com.
+
+git tar-tree HEAD:Documentation/ git-docs > git-1.4.0-docs.tar::
+
+	Put everything in the current head's Documentation/ directory
+	into 'git-1.4.0-docs.tar', with the prefix 'git-docs/'.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Rene Scharfe.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tools.txt b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a96403c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+A short git tools survey
+========================
+
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
+you may want to look.
+
+This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding
+link.
+
+
+Alternative/Augmentative Porcelains
+-----------------------------------
+
+   - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/)
+
+   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history
+   storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use,
+   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT
+   itself and indeed many other version control systems.
+
+   Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality
+   is now in core GIT.
+
+
+   - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/)
+
+   pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of
+   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a
+   slightly different feature set.
+
+
+   - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/)
+
+   Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
+   GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT
+   until they get merged upstream.
+
+
+History Viewers
+---------------
+
+   - *gitk* (shipped with git-core)
+
+   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.
+
+
+   - *gitview*  (contrib/)
+
+   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git
+
+
+   - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core)
+
+   GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.
+
+
+   - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/)
+
+   QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
+   to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit
+   changes cherry picking single files or applying patches.
+   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git
+   viewers and commit tools.
+
+   - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/)
+
+   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser
+   written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end
+   for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also
+   use it as a pager for git commands.
+
+
+Foreign SCM interface
+---------------------
+
+   - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core)
+
+   git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
+   branch and git.
+
+
+   - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc)
+
+   These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit
+   series in git back and forth.
+
+
+   - *hg-to-git* (contrib/)
+
+   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and
+   preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can
+   also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository
+   in sync with the master Mercurial repository.
+
+
+Others
+------
+
+   - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/)
+
+   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and
+   Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files
+   to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and
+   perform the commit itself.
+
+   - *git.el* (contrib/)
+
+   This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on
+   pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some
+   tweaking to work on XEmacs.
+
+
+http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/InterfacesFrontendsAndTools has more
+comprehensive list.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-unpack-file.txt b/Documentation/git-unpack-file.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..995db9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-unpack-file.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+git-unpack-file(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-unpack-file - Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
+
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git unpack-file' <blob>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Creates a file holding the contents of the blob specified by sha1. It
+returns the name of the temporary file in the following format:
+	.merge_file_XXXXX
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<blob>::
+	Must be a blob id
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36d1038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+git-unpack-objects(1)
+=====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-unpack-objects - Unpack objects from a packed archive
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] <pack-file
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Read a packed archive (.pack) from the standard input, expanding
+the objects contained within and writing them into the repository in
+"loose" (one object per file) format.
+
+Objects that already exist in the repository will *not* be unpacked
+from the pack-file.  Therefore, nothing will be unpacked if you use
+this command on a pack-file that exists within the target repository.
+
+See linkgit:git-repack[1] for options to generate
+new packs and replace existing ones.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-n::
+        Dry run.  Check the pack file without actually unpacking
+	the objects.
+
+-q::
+	The command usually shows percentage progress.  This
+	flag suppresses it.
+
+-r::
+	When unpacking a corrupt packfile, the command dies at
+	the first corruption.  This flag tells it to keep going
+	and make the best effort to recover as many objects as
+	possible.
+
+--strict::
+	Don't write objects with broken content or links.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68dc187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+git-update-index(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git update-index'
+	     [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
+	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
+	     [--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>]\*
+	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
+	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
+	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
+	     [--ignore-submodules]
+	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
+	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
+	     [-z] [--stdin]
+	     [--verbose]
+	     [--] [<file>]\*
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
+into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is
+cleared.
+
+See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of
+the most common operations on the index.
+
+The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified
+using the various options:
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--add::
+	If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's
+	added.
+	Default behaviour is to ignore new files.
+
+--remove::
+	If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's
+	removed.
+	Default behavior is to ignore removed file.
+
+--refresh::
+	Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
+	updates are needed by checking stat() information.
+
+-q::
+        Quiet.  If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
+        default behavior is to error out.  This option makes
+	'git update-index' continue anyway.
+
+--ignore-submodules::
+	Do not try to update submodules.  This option is only respected
+	when passed before --refresh.
+
+--unmerged::
+        If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
+	behavior is to error out.  This option makes 'git update-index'
+        continue anyway.
+
+--ignore-missing::
+	Ignores missing files during a --refresh
+
+--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
+	Directly insert the specified info into the index.
+
+--index-info::
+        Read index information from stdin.
+
+--chmod=(+|-)x::
+        Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
+
+--assume-unchanged::
+--no-assume-unchanged::
+	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
+	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
+	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
+	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
+	checking the working tree files for possible
+	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
+	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
+	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
+	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
+	(e.g. cifs).
++
+This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
+to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
+`.gitignore` does for untracked files).
+You should remember that an explicit 'git add' operation will
+still cause the file to be refreshed from the working tree.
+Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
+in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
+thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
+you will need to handle the situation manually.
+
+--really-refresh::
+	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
+	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
+
+--skip-worktree::
+--no-skip-worktree::
+	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
+	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
+	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
+	section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
+
+-g::
+--again::
+	Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
+	entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit.
+
+--unresolve::
+	Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a
+	file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.
+
+--info-only::
+	Do not create objects in the object database for all
+	<file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert
+	their object IDs into the index.
+
+--force-remove::
+	Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
+	still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)
+
+--replace::
+	By default, when a file `path` exists in the index,
+	'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`.
+	Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path`
+	cannot be added.  With --replace flag, existing entries
+	that conflict with the entry being added are
+	automatically removed with warning messages.
+
+--stdin::
+	Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
+	read list of paths from the standard input.  Paths are
+	separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
+
+--verbose::
+        Report what is being added and removed from index.
+
+-z::
+	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with
+	NUL character instead of LF.
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+<file>::
+	Files to act on.
+	Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes
+	`./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use
+	cleaner names.
+	The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//'
+
+Using --refresh
+---------------
+'--refresh' does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
+up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to
+"re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
+can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where
+the stat entry is out of date.
+
+For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link
+up the stat index details with the proper files.
+
+Using --cacheinfo or --info-only
+--------------------------------
+'--cacheinfo' is used to register a file that is not in the
+current working directory.  This is useful for minimum-checkout
+merging.
+
+To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
+
+----------------
+$ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
+----------------
+
+'--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
+database.  This is useful for status-only repositories.
+
+Both '--cacheinfo' and '--info-only' behave similarly: the index is updated
+but the object database isn't.  '--cacheinfo' is useful when the object is
+in the database but the file isn't available locally.  '--info-only' is
+useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
+object database.
+
+
+Using --index-info
+------------------
+
+`--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
+multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
+specifically for scripts.  It can take inputs of three formats:
+
+    . mode         SP sha1          TAB path
++
+The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
+reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
+that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
+back on 3-way merge.
+
+    . mode SP type SP sha1          TAB path
++
+The second format is to stuff 'git ls-tree' output
+into the index file.
+
+    . mode         SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
++
+This format is to put higher order stages into the
+index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output.
+
+To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
+first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
+then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.
+
+For example, starting with this index:
+
+------------
+$ git ls-files -s
+100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0       frotz
+------------
+
+you can feed the following input to `--index-info`:
+
+------------
+$ git update-index --index-info
+0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000	frotz
+100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1	frotz
+100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2	frotz
+------------
+
+The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
+path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
+Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
+for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:
+
+------------
+$ git ls-files -s
+100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1	frotz
+100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2	frotz
+------------
+
+
+Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
+------------------------------
+
+Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
+efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
+information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
+if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
+the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
+inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
+can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
+cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
+path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
+see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
+assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
+tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
+"assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
+
+In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
+option.  To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`.
+
+The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
+this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
+paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
+working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
+and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
+unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
+`git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches
+the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want
+to mark them as "assume unchanged").
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+To update and refresh only the files already checked out:
+
+----------------
+$ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
+----------------
+
+On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set::
++
+------------
+$ git update-index --really-refresh              <1>
+$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   <2>
+$ git diff --name-only                           <3>
+$ edit foo.c
+$ git diff --name-only                           <4>
+M foo.c
+$ git update-index foo.c                         <5>
+$ git diff --name-only                           <6>
+$ edit foo.c
+$ git diff --name-only                           <7>
+$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   <8>
+$ git diff --name-only                           <9>
+M foo.c
+------------
++
+<1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
+<2> mark the path to be edited.
+<3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
+<4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path.
+<5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
+<6> and it is assumed unchanged.
+<7> even after you edit it.
+<8> you can tell about the change after the fact.
+<9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.
+
+
+Skip-worktree bit
+-----------------
+
+Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
+an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
+working directory version is up to date and read the index version
+instead.
+
+To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
+file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
+present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
+version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
+is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory
+file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
+working directory version matches index version)
+
+Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
+different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes
+precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable.  If
+your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
+unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
+in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
+executable bit.   On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
+need to use 'git update-index --chmod='.
+
+Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set
+to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out
+as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
+from symbolic link to regular file.
+
+The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  See
+'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above.
+
+The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable.
+It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
+something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
+ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-config[1],
+linkgit:git-add[1]
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9639f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+git-update-ref(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>])
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Given two arguments, stores the <newvalue> in the <ref>, possibly
+dereferencing the symbolic refs.  E.g. `git update-ref HEAD
+<newvalue>` updates the current branch head to the new object.
+
+Given three arguments, stores the <newvalue> in the <ref>,
+possibly dereferencing the symbolic refs, after verifying that
+the current value of the <ref> matches <oldvalue>.
+E.g. `git update-ref refs/heads/master <newvalue> <oldvalue>`
+updates the master branch head to <newvalue> only if its current
+value is <oldvalue>.  You can specify 40 "0" or an empty string
+as <oldvalue> to make sure that the ref you are creating does
+not exist.
+
+It also allows a "ref" file to be a symbolic pointer to another
+ref file by starting with the four-byte header sequence of
+"ref:".
+
+More importantly, it allows the update of a ref file to follow
+these symbolic pointers, whether they are symlinks or these
+"regular file symbolic refs".  It follows *real* symlinks only
+if they start with "refs/": otherwise it will just try to read
+them and update them as a regular file (i.e. it will allow the
+filesystem to follow them, but will overwrite such a symlink to
+somewhere else with a regular filename).
+
+If --no-deref is given, <ref> itself is overwritten, rather than
+the result of following the symbolic pointers.
+
+In general, using
+
+	git update-ref HEAD "$head"
+
+should be a _lot_ safer than doing
+
+	echo "$head" > "$GIT_DIR/HEAD"
+
+both from a symlink following standpoint *and* an error checking
+standpoint.  The "refs/" rule for symlinks means that symlinks
+that point to "outside" the tree are safe: they'll be followed
+for reading but not for writing (so we'll never write through a
+ref symlink to some other tree, if you have copied a whole
+archive by creating a symlink tree).
+
+With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
+still contains <oldvalue>.
+
+
+Logging Updates
+---------------
+If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true or the file
+"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" exists then `git update-ref` will append
+a line to the log file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" (dereferencing all
+symbolic refs before creating the log name) describing the change
+in ref value.  Log lines are formatted as:
+
+    . oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer LF
++
+Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
+stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
+<newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
+and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.
+
+Optionally with -m:
+
+    . oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer TAB message LF
++
+Where all fields are as described above and "message" is the
+value supplied to the -m option.
+
+An update will fail (without changing <ref>) if the current user is
+unable to create a new log file, append to the existing log file
+or does not have committer information available.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-server-info.txt b/Documentation/git-update-server-info.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..035cc30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-server-info.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+git-update-server-info(1)
+=========================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-update-server-info - Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git update-server-info' [--force]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+A dumb server that does not do on-the-fly pack generations must
+have some auxiliary information files in $GIT_DIR/info and
+$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/info directories to help clients discover
+what references and packs the server has.  This command
+generates such auxiliary files.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-f::
+--force::
+	Update the info files from scratch.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+Currently the command updates the following files.  Please see
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for description of
+what they are for:
+
+* objects/info/packs
+
+* info/refs
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5f2b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+git-upload-archive(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-upload-archive - Send archive back to git-archive
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git upload-archive' <directory>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the
+other end over the git protocol.
+
+This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.  The UI
+for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
+is meant to be used to get an archive from a remote repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<directory>::
+	The repository to get a tar archive from.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Franck Bui-Huu.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71ca4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+git-upload-pack(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-upload-pack - Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git-upload-pack' [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <directory>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Invoked by 'git fetch-pack', learns what
+objects the other side is missing, and sends them after packing.
+
+This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.
+The UI for the protocol is on the 'git fetch-pack' side, and the
+program pair is meant to be used to pull updates from a remote
+repository.  For push operations, see 'git send-pack'.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--strict::
+	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory.
+
+--timeout=<n>::
+	Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
+
+<directory>::
+	The repository to sync from.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb98182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+git-var(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+git-var - Show a git logical variable
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git var' [ -l | <variable> ]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Prints a git logical variable.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-l::
+	Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the
+	variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed
+	as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality
+	is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.)
+
+EXAMPLE
+--------
+	$ git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT
+	Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@lnxi.com> 1121223278 -0600
+
+
+VARIABLES
+----------
+GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT::
+    The author of a piece of code.
+
+GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT::
+    The person who put a piece of code into git.
+
+GIT_EDITOR::
+    Text editor for use by git commands.  The value is meant to be
+    interpreted by the shell when it is used.  Examples: `~/bin/vi`,
+    `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe"
+    --nofork`.  The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR`
+    environment variable, then `core.editor` configuration, then
+    `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then finally 'vi'.
+
+GIT_PAGER::
+    Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+    is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
+    is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
+    configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then finally 'less'.
+
+Diagnostics
+-----------
+You don't exist. Go away!::
+    The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read
+Your parents must have hated you!::
+    The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer.
+Your sysadmin must hate you!::
+    The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
+linkgit:git-tag[1]
+linkgit:git-config[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Eric Biederman and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..916a38a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+git-verify-pack(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git verify-pack' [-v|--verbose] [--] <pack>.idx ...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the
+'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the
+corresponding pack file.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<pack>.idx ...::
+	The idx files to verify.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	After verifying the pack, show list of objects contained
+	in the pack and a histogram of delta chain length.
+
+-s::
+--stat-only::
+	Do not verify the pack contents; only show the histogram of delta
+	chain length.  With `--verbose`, list of objects is also shown.
+
+\--::
+	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
+OUTPUT FORMAT
+-------------
+When specifying the -v option the format used is:
+
+	SHA1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
+
+for objects that are not deltified in the pack, and
+
+	SHA1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA1
+
+for objects that are deltified.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dada212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+git-verify-tag(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-verify-tag - Check the GPG signature of tags
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git verify-tag' <tag>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Validates the gpg signature created by 'git tag'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+<tag>...::
+	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Jan Harkes <jaharkes@cs.cmu.edu> and Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7572049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+git-web--browse(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git web--browse' [OPTIONS] URL/FILE ...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This script tries, as much as possible, to display the URLs and FILEs
+that are passed as arguments, as HTML pages in new tabs on an already
+opened web browser.
+
+The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported:
+
+* firefox (this is the default under X Window when not using KDE)
+* iceweasel
+* konqueror (this is the default under KDE, see 'Note about konqueror' below)
+* w3m (this is the default outside graphical environments)
+* links
+* lynx
+* dillo
+* open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI)
+* start (this is the default under MinGW)
+
+Custom commands may also be specified.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-b BROWSER::
+--browser=BROWSER::
+	Use the specified BROWSER. It must be in the list of supported
+	browsers.
+
+-t BROWSER::
+--tool=BROWSER::
+	Same as above.
+
+-c CONF.VAR::
+--config=CONF.VAR::
+	CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set,
+	then its value specify the browser that should be used.
+
+CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+-----------------------
+
+CONF.VAR (from -c option) and web.browser
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The web browser can be specified using a configuration variable passed
+with the -c (or --config) command line option, or the 'web.browser'
+configuration variable if the former is not used.
+
+browser.<tool>.path
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can explicitly provide a full path to your preferred browser by
+setting the configuration variable 'browser.<tool>.path'. For example,
+you can configure the absolute path to firefox by setting
+'browser.firefox.path'. Otherwise, 'git web--browse' assumes the tool
+is available in PATH.
+
+browser.<tool>.cmd
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the browser, specified by options or configuration variables, is
+not among the supported ones, then the corresponding
+'browser.<tool>.cmd' configuration variable will be looked up. If this
+variable exists then 'git web--browse' will treat the specified tool
+as a custom command and will use a shell eval to run the command with
+the URLs passed as arguments.
+
+Note about konqueror
+--------------------
+
+When 'konqueror' is specified by a command line option or a
+configuration variable, we launch 'kfmclient' to try to open the HTML
+man page on an already opened konqueror in a new tab if possible.
+
+For consistency, we also try such a trick if 'browser.konqueror.path' is
+set to something like 'A_PATH_TO/konqueror'. That means we will try to
+launch 'A_PATH_TO/kfmclient' instead.
+
+If you really want to use 'konqueror', then you can use something like
+the following:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+	[web]
+		browser = konq
+
+	[browser "konq"]
+		cmd = A_PATH_TO/konqueror
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Note about git-config --global
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Note that these configuration variables should probably be set using
+the '--global' flag, for example like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global web.browser firefox
+------------------------------------------------
+
+as they are probably more user specific than repository specific.
+See linkgit:git-config[1] for more information about this.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> and the git-list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>, based on 'git mergetool' by Theodore Y. Ts'o.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> and the
+git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea753cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+git-whatchanged(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-whatchanged - Show logs with difference each commit introduces
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git whatchanged' <option>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
+command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to
+'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of
+these commands.
+
+This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-p::
+	Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
+	output format that is useful only to tell the changed
+	paths and their nature of changes.
+
+-<n>::
+	Limit output to <n> commits.
+
+<since>..<until>::
+	Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
+	exclusive, top inclusive).
+
+-r::
+	Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
+	not just the top level.
+
+-m::
+	By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
+	With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
+	of its parents.
++
+However, it is not very useful in general, although it
+*is* useful on a file-by-file basis.
+
+include::pretty-options.txt[]
+
+include::pretty-formats.txt[]
+
+Examples
+--------
+git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
+
+	Show as patches the commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed
+	any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+
+git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk::
+
+	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
+	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+	'gitk'
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-write-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-write-tree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfceaca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-write-tree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+git-write-tree(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-write-tree - Create a tree object from the current index
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git write-tree' [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Creates a tree object using the current index. The name of the new
+tree object is printed to standard output.
+
+The index must be in a fully merged state.
+
+Conceptually, 'git write-tree' sync()s the current index contents
+into a set of tree files.
+In order to have that match what is actually in your directory right
+now, you need to have done a 'git update-index' phase before you did the
+'git write-tree'.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--missing-ok::
+	Normally 'git write-tree' ensures that the objects referenced by the
+	directory exist in the object database.  This option disables this
+	check.
+
+--prefix=<prefix>/::
+	Writes a tree object that represents a subdirectory
+	`<prefix>`.  This can be used to write the tree object
+	for a subproject that is in the named subdirectory.
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5f5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+git(1)
+======
+
+NAME
+----
+git - the stupid content tracker
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path]
+    [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]
+    [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
+    [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
+unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
+and full access to internals.
+
+See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
+"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command.  CVS users may
+also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].  See
+the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
+introduction.
+
+The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
+as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
+documentation can be viewed at
+`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
+
+ifdef::stalenotes[]
+[NOTE]
+============
+
+You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
+unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+branch of the `git.git` repository.
+Documentation for older releases are available here:
+
+* link:v1.6.6.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.1]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
+
+* link:v1.6.5.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.8]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
+
+* link:v1.6.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
+
+* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
+
+* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
+
+* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
+
+* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
+
+* link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
+
+* link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
+
+* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
+
+* link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
+
+* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
+
+* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
+
+* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
+  link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
+  link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
+  link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
+
+============
+
+endif::stalenotes[]
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--version::
+	Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+
+--help::
+	Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
+	commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
+	available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+	option will bring up the manual page for that command.
++
+Other options are available to control how the manual page is
+displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
+because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
+help ...`.
+
+--exec-path::
+	Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
+	environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
+	the current setting and then exit.
+
+--html-path::
+	Print the path to wherever your git HTML documentation is installed
+	and exit.
+
+-p::
+--paginate::
+	Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
+
+--no-pager::
+	Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+
+--git-dir=<path>::
+	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
+	setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
+	path or relative path to current working directory.
+
+--work-tree=<path>::
+	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
+	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
+	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
+	environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
+	variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to
+	the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR.
+	Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
+	--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
+	the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
+	of your working tree.
+
+--bare::
+	Treat the repository as a bare repository.  If GIT_DIR
+	environment is not set, it is set to the current working
+	directory.
+
+--no-replace-objects::
+	Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
+	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
+
+
+FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
+---------------------
+
+See the references above to get started using git.  The following is
+probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
+
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
+introductions to the underlying git architecture.
+
+See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
+
+See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
+examples.
+
+The internals are documented in the
+link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
+
+GIT COMMANDS
+------------
+
+We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+("plumbing") commands.
+
+High-level commands (porcelain)
+-------------------------------
+
+We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
+ancillary user utilities.
+
+Main porcelain commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
+
+Ancillary Commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Manipulators:
+
+include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
+
+Interrogators:
+
+include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
+
+
+Interacting with Others
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
+people via patch over e-mail.
+
+include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
+
+
+Low-level commands (plumbing)
+-----------------------------
+
+Although git includes its
+own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
+development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
+might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
+linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
+The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
+to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
+than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
+primarily for scripted use.  The interface to Porcelain commands
+on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
+end user experience.
+
+The following description divides
+the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
+the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
+compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
+repositories.
+
+
+Manipulation commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
+
+
+Interrogation commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
+
+In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
+the working tree.
+
+
+Synching repositories
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
+
+The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
+typically do not use them directly.
+
+include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
+
+
+Internal helper commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
+users typically do not use them directly.
+
+include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
+
+
+Configuration Mechanism
+-----------------------
+
+Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
+is used to hold per-repository configuration options.  It is a
+simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
+people.  Here is an example:
+
+------------
+#
+# A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
+#
+
+; core variables
+[core]
+	; Don't trust file modes
+	filemode = false
+
+; user identity
+[user]
+	name = "Junio C Hamano"
+	email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+
+------------
+
+Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
+their operation accordingly.
+
+
+Identifier Terminology
+----------------------
+<object>::
+	Indicates the object name for any type of object.
+
+<blob>::
+	Indicates a blob object name.
+
+<tree>::
+	Indicates a tree object name.
+
+<commit>::
+	Indicates a commit object name.
+
+<tree-ish>::
+	Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name.  A
+	command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
+	operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
+	<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
+
+<commit-ish>::
+	Indicates a commit or tag object name.  A
+	command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
+	operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
+	<tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
+
+<type>::
+	Indicates that an object type is required.
+	Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
+
+<file>::
+	Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
+	root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
+
+Symbolic Identifiers
+--------------------
+Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+symbolic notation:
+
+HEAD::
+	indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
+	contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
+
+<tag>::
+	a valid tag 'name'
+	(i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
+
+<head>::
+	a valid head 'name'
+	(i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
+
+For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
+"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+
+File/Directory Structure
+------------------------
+
+Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
+
+Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
+
+Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
+`$GIT_DIR`.
+
+
+Terminology
+-----------
+Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
+
+
+Environment Variables
+---------------------
+Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+
+The git Repository
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
+git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+
+'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
+	This environment allows the specification of an alternate
+	index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
+	is used.
+
+'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
+	If the object storage directory is specified via this
+	environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
+	underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
+	directory is used.
+
+'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
+	Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+	archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
+	specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
+	of git object directories which can be used to search for git
+	objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
+
+'GIT_DIR'::
+	If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
+	specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
+	for the base of the repository.
+
+'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
+	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
+	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
+	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
+	option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
+
+'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
+	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
+	If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
+	up into while looking for a repository directory.
+	It will not exclude the current working directory or
+	a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
+	(Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
+
+git Commits
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
+'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
+'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
+'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
+'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
+'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
+'EMAIL'::
+	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
+
+git Diffs
+~~~~~~~~~
+'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
+	Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
+	number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
+	This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
+	value passed on the git diff command line.
+
+'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
+	When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
+	program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
+	described above.  For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
+        'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
+
+	path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
++
+where:
+
+	<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
+                         contents of <old|new>,
+	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+	<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
+
++
+The file parameters can point at the user's working file
+(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
+when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
+index).  'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
+temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
++
+For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
+parameter, <path>.
+
+other
+~~~~~
+'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
+	A number controlling the amount of output shown by
+	the recursive merge strategy.  Overrides merge.verbosity.
+	See linkgit:git-merge[1]
+
+'GIT_PAGER'::
+	This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
+	to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
+	linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+'GIT_SSH'::
+	If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
+	and 'git push' will use this command instead
+	of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
+	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
+	the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
+	shell command to execute on that remote system.
++
+To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
+you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
+then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
++
+Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
+personal `.ssh/config` file.  Please consult your ssh documentation
+for further details.
+
+'GIT_FLUSH'::
+	If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
+	as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
+	and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
+	after each commit-oriented record have been flushed.   If this
+	variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
+	using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
+	not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+	based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
+
+'GIT_TRACE'::
+	If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
+	is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
+	stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
+	execution and external command execution.
+	If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
+	and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
+	value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
+	trace messages into this file descriptor.
+	Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
+	(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
+	as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
+	into it.
+
+Discussion[[Discussion]]
+------------------------
+
+More detail on the following is available from the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
+
+A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
+things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
+of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
+contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
+as tags and branch heads.
+
+The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
+hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
+directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
+and some number of parent commits.
+
+The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
+"version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
+represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
+parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
+
+All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
+The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
+just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
+purpose.
+
+When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
+efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
+
+Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
+may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA1 names of
+tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`.  A special ref named
+`HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
+
+The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
+path, a blob object and a set of attributes.  The blob object represents
+the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch.  The
+attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
+corresponding file in the working tree.  Subsequent changes to the
+working tree can be found by comparing these attributes.  The index may
+be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
+content stored in the index.
+
+The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
+for a given pathname.  These stages are used to hold the various
+unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
+
+Authors
+-------
+* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
+* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
+* The git potty was written by Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
+* General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
+<david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
+contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b396a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+gitattributes(5)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+gitattributes - defining attributes per path
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+$GIT_DIR/info/attributes, .gitattributes
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+A `gitattributes` file is a simple text file that gives
+`attributes` to pathnames.
+
+Each line in `gitattributes` file is of form:
+
+	pattern	attr1 attr2 ...
+
+That is, a pattern followed by an attributes list,
+separated by whitespaces.  When the pattern matches the
+path in question, the attributes listed on the line are given to
+the path.
+
+Each attribute can be in one of these states for a given path:
+
+Set::
+
+	The path has the attribute with special value "true";
+	this is specified by listing only the name of the
+	attribute in the attribute list.
+
+Unset::
+
+	The path has the attribute with special value "false";
+	this is specified by listing the name of the attribute
+	prefixed with a dash `-` in the attribute list.
+
+Set to a value::
+
+	The path has the attribute with specified string value;
+	this is specified by listing the name of the attribute
+	followed by an equal sign `=` and its value in the
+	attribute list.
+
+Unspecified::
+
+	No pattern matches the path, and nothing says if
+	the path has or does not have the attribute, the
+	attribute for the path is said to be Unspecified.
+
+When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line
+overrides an earlier line.  This overriding is done per
+attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
+same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+
+When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
+consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
+precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
+path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
+work tree (the further the directory that contains `.gitattributes`
+is from the path in question, the lower its precedence).
+
+If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
+attributes to files that are particular to one user's workflow), then
+attributes should be placed in the `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file.
+Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
+repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
+`.gitattributes` files.
+
+Sometimes you would need to override an setting of an attribute
+for a path to `unspecified` state.  This can be done by listing
+the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`.
+
+
+EFFECTS
+-------
+
+Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
+particular attributes to a path.  Currently, the following
+operations are attributes-aware.
+
+Checking-out and checking-in
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
+repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
+such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
+git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
+repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
+
+`crlf`
+^^^^^^
+
+This attribute controls the line-ending convention.
+
+Set::
+
+	Setting the `crlf` attribute on a path is meant to mark
+	the path as a "text" file.  'core.autocrlf' conversion
+	takes place without guessing the content type by
+	inspection.
+
+Unset::
+
+	Unsetting the `crlf` attribute on a path tells git not to
+	attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
+
+Unspecified::
+
+	Unspecified `crlf` attribute tells git to apply the
+	`core.autocrlf` conversion when the file content looks
+	like text.
+
+Set to string value "input"::
+
+	This is similar to setting the attribute to `true`, but
+	also forces git to act as if `core.autocrlf` is set to
+	`input` for the path.
+
+Any other value set to `crlf` attribute is ignored and git acts
+as if the attribute is left unspecified.
+
+
+The `core.autocrlf` conversion
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If the configuration variable `core.autocrlf` is false, no
+conversion is done.
+
+When `core.autocrlf` is true, it means that the platform wants
+CRLF line endings for files in the working tree, and you want to
+convert them back to the normal LF line endings when checking
+in to the repository.
+
+When `core.autocrlf` is set to "input", line endings are
+converted to LF upon checkin, but there is no conversion done
+upon checkout.
+
+If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
+the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
+`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", git rejects irreversible
+conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
+an irreversible conversion.  The safety triggers to prevent such
+a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
+few exceptions.  Even though...
+
+- 'git add' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
+  next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
+
+- 'git apply' to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
+  in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
+  conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
+  safety does not trigger;
+
+- 'git diff' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
+  often run to inspect the changes you intend to next 'git add'.  To
+  catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
+
+
+`ident`
+^^^^^^^
+
+When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
+`$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
+40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
+sign `$` upon checkout.  Any byte sequence that begins with
+`$Id:` and ends with `$` in the worktree file is replaced
+with `$Id$` upon check-in.
+
+
+`filter`
+^^^^^^^^
+
+A `filter` attribute can be set to a string value that names a
+filter driver specified in the configuration.
+
+A filter driver consists of a `clean` command and a `smudge`
+command, either of which can be left unspecified.  Upon
+checkout, when the `smudge` command is specified, the command is
+fed the blob object from its standard input, and its standard
+output is used to update the worktree file.  Similarly, the
+`clean` command is used to convert the contents of worktree file
+upon checkin.
+
+A missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error
+but makes the filter a no-op passthru.
+
+The content filtering is done to massage the content into a
+shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and
+the user to use.  The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not
+"turning something unusable into usable".  In other words, the
+intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition,
+or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project
+should still be usable.
+
+For example, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `filter`
+attribute for paths.
+
+------------------------
+*.c	filter=indent
+------------------------
+
+Then you would define a "filter.indent.clean" and "filter.indent.smudge"
+configuration in your .git/config to specify a pair of commands to
+modify the contents of C programs when the source files are checked
+in ("clean" is run) and checked out (no change is made because the
+command is "cat").
+
+------------------------
+[filter "indent"]
+	clean = indent
+	smudge = cat
+------------------------
+
+
+Interaction between checkin/checkout attributes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In the check-in codepath, the worktree file is first converted
+with `filter` driver (if specified and corresponding driver
+defined), then the result is processed with `ident` (if
+specified), and then finally with `crlf` (again, if specified
+and applicable).
+
+In the check-out codepath, the blob content is first converted
+with `crlf`, and then `ident` and fed to `filter`.
+
+
+Generating diff text
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`diff`
+^^^^^^
+
+The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
+files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
+or to treat the path as a binary file.  It can also affect what line is
+shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
+external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
+files to a text format before generating the diff.
+
+Set::
+
+	A path to which the `diff` attribute is set is treated
+	as text, even when they contain byte values that
+	normally never appear in text files, such as NUL.
+
+Unset::
+
+	A path to which the `diff` attribute is unset will
+	generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary patch, if
+	binary patches are enabled).
+
+Unspecified::
+
+	A path to which the `diff` attribute is unspecified
+	first gets its contents inspected, and if it looks like
+	text, it is treated as text.  Otherwise it would
+	generate `Binary files differ`.
+
+String::
+
+	Diff is shown using the specified diff driver.  Each driver may
+	specify one or more options, as described in the following
+	section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
+	by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
+	git config file.
+
+
+Defining an external diff driver
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The definition of a diff driver is done in `gitconfig`, not
+`gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this manual page is a
+wrong place to talk about it.  However...
+
+To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your
+`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+[diff "jcdiff"]
+	command = j-c-diff
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
+attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
+with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
+parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
+See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
+
+Defining a custom hunk-header
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Each group of changes (called a "hunk") in the textual diff output
+is prefixed with a line of the form:
+
+	@@ -k,l +n,m @@ TEXT
+
+This is called a 'hunk header'.  The "TEXT" portion is by default a line
+that begins with an alphabet, an underscore or a dollar sign; this
+matches what GNU 'diff -p' output uses.  This default selection however
+is not suited for some contents, and you can use a customized pattern
+to make a selection.
+
+First, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `diff` attribute
+for paths.
+
+------------------------
+*.tex	diff=tex
+------------------------
+
+Then, you would define a "diff.tex.xfuncname" configuration to
+specify a regular expression that matches a line that you would
+want to appear as the hunk header "TEXT". Add a section to your
+`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
+
+------------------------
+[diff "tex"]
+	xfuncname = "^(\\\\(sub)*section\\{.*)$"
+------------------------
+
+Note.  A single level of backslashes are eaten by the
+configuration file parser, so you would need to double the
+backslashes; the pattern above picks a line that begins with a
+backslash, and zero or more occurrences of `sub` followed by
+`section` followed by open brace, to the end of line.
+
+There are a few built-in patterns to make this easier, and `tex`
+is one of them, so you do not have to write the above in your
+configuration file (you still need to enable this with the
+attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`).  The following built in
+patterns are available:
+
+- `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references.
+
+- `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
+
+- `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
+
+- `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
+
+- `objc` suitable for source code in the Objective-C language.
+
+- `pascal` suitable for source code in the Pascal/Delphi language.
+
+- `php` suitable for source code in the PHP language.
+
+- `python` suitable for source code in the Python language.
+
+- `ruby` suitable for source code in the Ruby language.
+
+- `tex` suitable for source code for LaTeX documents.
+
+
+Customizing word diff
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can customize the rules that `git diff --color-words` uses to
+split words in a line, by specifying an appropriate regular expression
+in the "diff.*.wordRegex" configuration variable.  For example, in TeX
+a backslash followed by a sequence of letters forms a command, but
+several such commands can be run together without intervening
+whitespace.  To separate them, use a regular expression in your
+`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
+
+------------------------
+[diff "tex"]
+	wordRegex = "\\\\[a-zA-Z]+|[{}]|\\\\.|[^\\{}[:space:]]+"
+------------------------
+
+A built-in pattern is provided for all languages listed in the
+previous section.
+
+
+Performing text diffs of binary files
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Sometimes it is desirable to see the diff of a text-converted
+version of some binary files. For example, a word processor
+document can be converted to an ASCII text representation, and
+the diff of the text shown. Even though this conversion loses
+some information, the resulting diff is useful for human
+viewing (but cannot be applied directly).
+
+The `textconv` config option is used to define a program for
+performing such a conversion. The program should take a single
+argument, the name of a file to convert, and produce the
+resulting text on stdout.
+
+For example, to show the diff of the exif information of a
+file instead of the binary information (assuming you have the
+exif tool installed), add the following section to your
+`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file):
+
+------------------------
+[diff "jpg"]
+	textconv = exif
+------------------------
+
+NOTE: The text conversion is generally a one-way conversion;
+in this example, we lose the actual image contents and focus
+just on the text data. This means that diffs generated by
+textconv are _not_ suitable for applying. For this reason,
+only `git diff` and the `git log` family of commands (i.e.,
+log, whatchanged, show) will perform text conversion. `git
+format-patch` will never generate this output. If you want to
+send somebody a text-converted diff of a binary file (e.g.,
+because it quickly conveys the changes you have made), you
+should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in
+addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
+
+
+Performing a three-way merge
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`merge`
+^^^^^^^
+
+The attribute `merge` affects how three versions of a file is
+merged when a file-level merge is necessary during `git merge`,
+and other commands such as `git revert` and `git cherry-pick`.
+
+Set::
+
+	Built-in 3-way merge driver is used to merge the
+	contents in a way similar to 'merge' command of `RCS`
+	suite.  This is suitable for ordinary text files.
+
+Unset::
+
+	Take the version from the current branch as the
+	tentative merge result, and declare that the merge has
+	conflicts.  This is suitable for binary files that does
+	not have a well-defined merge semantics.
+
+Unspecified::
+
+	By default, this uses the same built-in 3-way merge
+	driver as is the case the `merge` attribute is set.
+	However, `merge.default` configuration variable can name
+	different merge driver to be used for paths to which the
+	`merge` attribute is unspecified.
+
+String::
+
+	3-way merge is performed using the specified custom
+	merge driver.  The built-in 3-way merge driver can be
+	explicitly specified by asking for "text" driver; the
+	built-in "take the current branch" driver can be
+	requested with "binary".
+
+
+Built-in merge drivers
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+There are a few built-in low-level merge drivers defined that
+can be asked for via the `merge` attribute.
+
+text::
+
+	Usual 3-way file level merge for text files.  Conflicted
+	regions are marked with conflict markers `<<<<<<<`,
+	`=======` and `>>>>>>>`.  The version from your branch
+	appears before the `=======` marker, and the version
+	from the merged branch appears after the `=======`
+	marker.
+
+binary::
+
+	Keep the version from your branch in the work tree, but
+	leave the path in the conflicted state for the user to
+	sort out.
+
+union::
+
+	Run 3-way file level merge for text files, but take
+	lines from both versions, instead of leaving conflict
+	markers.  This tends to leave the added lines in the
+	resulting file in random order and the user should
+	verify the result. Do not use this if you do not
+	understand the implications.
+
+
+Defining a custom merge driver
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The definition of a merge driver is done in the `.git/config`
+file, not in the `gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this
+manual page is a wrong place to talk about it.  However...
+
+To define a custom merge driver `filfre`, add a section to your
+`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+[merge "filfre"]
+	name = feel-free merge driver
+	driver = filfre %O %A %B
+	recursive = binary
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The `merge.*.name` variable gives the driver a human-readable
+name.
+
+The `merge.*.driver` variable's value is used to construct a
+command to run to merge ancestor's version (`%O`), current
+version (`%A`) and the other branches' version (`%B`).  These
+three tokens are replaced with the names of temporary files that
+hold the contents of these versions when the command line is
+built.
+
+The merge driver is expected to leave the result of the merge in
+the file named with `%A` by overwriting it, and exit with zero
+status if it managed to merge them cleanly, or non-zero if there
+were conflicts.
+
+The `merge.*.recursive` variable specifies what other merge
+driver to use when the merge driver is called for an internal
+merge between common ancestors, when there are more than one.
+When left unspecified, the driver itself is used for both
+internal merge and the final merge.
+
+
+`conflict-marker-size`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+This attribute controls the length of conflict markers left in
+the work tree file during a conflicted merge.  Only setting to
+the value to a positive integer has any meaningful effect.
+
+For example, this line in `.gitattributes` can be used to tell the merge
+machinery to leave much longer (instead of the usual 7-character-long)
+conflict markers when merging the file `Documentation/git-merge.txt`
+results in a conflict.
+
+------------------------
+Documentation/git-merge.txt	conflict-marker-size=32
+------------------------
+
+
+Checking whitespace errors
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`whitespace`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The `core.whitespace` configuration variable allows you to define what
+'diff' and 'apply' should consider whitespace errors for all paths in
+the project (See linkgit:git-config[1]).  This attribute gives you finer
+control per path.
+
+Set::
+
+	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+
+Unset::
+
+	Do not notice anything as error.
+
+Unspecified::
+
+	Use the value of `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
+	decide what to notice as error.
+
+String::
+
+	Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to
+	notice in the same format as `core.whitespace` configuration
+	variable.
+
+
+Creating an archive
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`export-ignore`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Files and directories with the attribute `export-ignore` won't be added to
+archive files.
+
+`export-subst`
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
+several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.  The
+expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
+linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
+tag then no replacement will be done.  The placeholders are the same
+as those for the option `--pretty=format:` of linkgit:git-log[1],
+except that they need to be wrapped like this: `$Format:PLACEHOLDERS$`
+in the file.  E.g. the string `$Format:%H$` will be replaced by the
+commit hash.
+
+
+Packing objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`delta`
+^^^^^^^
+
+Delta compression will not be attempted for blobs for paths with the
+attribute `delta` set to false.
+
+
+Viewing files in GUI tools
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`encoding`
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The value of this attribute specifies the character encoding that should
+be used by GUI tools (e.g. linkgit:gitk[1] and linkgit:git-gui[1]) to
+display the contents of the relevant file. Note that due to performance
+considerations linkgit:gitk[1] does not use this attribute unless you
+manually enable per-file encodings in its options.
+
+If this attribute is not set or has an invalid value, the value of the
+`gui.encoding` configuration variable is used instead
+(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+
+USING ATTRIBUTE MACROS
+----------------------
+
+You do not want any end-of-line conversions applied to, nor textual diffs
+produced for, any binary file you track.  You would need to specify e.g.
+
+------------
+*.jpg -crlf -diff
+------------
+
+but that may become cumbersome, when you have many attributes.  Using
+attribute macros, you can specify groups of attributes set or unset at
+the same time.  The system knows a built-in attribute macro, `binary`:
+
+------------
+*.jpg binary
+------------
+
+which is equivalent to the above.  Note that the attribute macros can only
+be "Set" (see the above example that sets "binary" macro as if it were an
+ordinary attribute --- setting it in turn unsets "crlf" and "diff").
+
+
+DEFINING ATTRIBUTE MACROS
+-------------------------
+
+Custom attribute macros can be defined only in the `.gitattributes` file
+at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory).  The built-in attribute
+macro "binary" is equivalent to:
+
+------------
+[attr]binary -diff -crlf
+------------
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+If you have these three `gitattributes` file:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+(in $GIT_DIR/info/attributes)
+
+a*	foo !bar -baz
+
+(in .gitattributes)
+abc	foo bar baz
+
+(in t/.gitattributes)
+ab*	merge=filfre
+abc	-foo -bar
+*.c	frotz
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
+
+1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
+   directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
+   line matches.  `merge` attribute is set.  It also finds that
+   the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
+   are unset.
+
+2. Then it examines `.gitattributes` (which is in the parent
+   directory), and finds that the first line matches, but
+   `t/.gitattributes` file already decided how `merge`, `foo`
+   and `bar` attributes should be given to this path, so it
+   leaves `foo` and `bar` unset.  Attribute `baz` is set.
+
+3. Finally it examines `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`.  This file
+   is used to override the in-tree settings.  The first line is
+   a match, and `foo` is set, `bar` is reverted to unspecified
+   state, and `baz` is unset.
+
+As the result, the attributes assignment to `t/abc` becomes:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+foo	set to true
+bar	unspecified
+baz	set to false
+merge	set to string value "filfre"
+frotz	unspecified
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6928724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+gitcli(7)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+gitcli - git command line interface and conventions
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+gitcli
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.
+
+Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes
+"tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their
+arguments.  Here are the rules:
+
+ * Revisions come first and then paths.
+   E.g. in `git diff v1.0 v2.0 arch/x86 include/asm-x86`,
+   `v1.0` and `v2.0` are revisions and `arch/x86` and `include/asm-x86`
+   are paths.
+
+ * When an argument can be misunderstood as either a revision or a path,
+   they can be disambiguated by placing `\--` between them.
+   E.g. `git diff \-- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work
+   tree.  Please show changes between the version I staged in the index
+   and what I have in the work tree for that file". not "show difference
+   between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole".  You can say
+   `git diff HEAD \--` to ask for the latter.
+
+ * Without disambiguating `\--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
+   out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous.  E.g. if you have a
+   file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
+   you have to say either `git diff HEAD \--` or `git diff \-- HEAD` to
+   disambiguate.
+
+When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is
+a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing
+disambiguating `\--` at appropriate places.
+
+Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
+scripting git:
+
+ * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that
+   you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`.
+
+ * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b`
+   to `git foo -ab`, the latter may not even work).
+
+ * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'sticked' form.  In
+   other words, write `git foo -oArg` instead of `git foo -o Arg` for short
+   options, and `git foo --long-opt=Arg` instead of `git foo --long-opt Arg`
+   for long options.  An option that takes optional option-argument must be
+   written in the 'sticked' form.
+
+ * when you give a revision parameter to a command, make sure the parameter is
+   not ambiguous with a name of a file in the work tree.  E.g. do not write
+   `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work
+   if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree.
+
+
+ENHANCED OPTION PARSER
+----------------------
+From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the
+time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.
+
+Here is an exhaustive list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
+
+
+Magic Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Commands which have the enhanced option parser activated all understand a
+couple of magic command line options:
+
+-h::
+	gives a pretty printed usage of the command.
++
+---------------------------------------------
+$ git describe -h
+usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+
+    --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
+    --debug               debug search strategy on stderr
+    --all                 use any ref in .git/refs
+    --tags                use any tag in .git/refs/tags
+    --abbrev [<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
+    --candidates <n>      consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)
+---------------------------------------------
+
+--help-all::
+	Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
+	are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This
+	option gives the full list of options.
+
+
+Negating options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Options with long option names can be negated by prefixing `--no-`. For
+example, `git branch` has the option `--track` which is 'on' by default. You
+can use `--no-track` to override that behaviour. The same goes for `--color`
+and `--no-color`.
+
+
+Aggregating short options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Commands that support the enhanced option parser allow you to aggregate short
+options. This means that you can for example use `git rm -rf` or
+`git clean -fdx`.
+
+
+Separating argument from the option
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+You can write the mandatory option parameter to an option as a separate
+word on the command line.  That means that all the following uses work:
+
+----------------------------
+$ git foo --long-opt=Arg
+$ git foo --long-opt Arg
+$ git foo -oArg
+$ git foo -o Arg
+----------------------------
+
+However, this is *NOT* allowed for switches with an optional value, where the
+'sticked' form must be used:
+----------------------------
+$ git describe --abbrev HEAD     # correct
+$ git describe --abbrev=10 HEAD  # correct
+$ git describe --abbrev 10 HEAD  # NOT WHAT YOU MEANT
+----------------------------
+
+
+NOTES ON FREQUENTLY CONFUSED OPTIONS
+------------------------------------
+
+Many commands that can work on files in the working tree
+and/or in the index can take `--cached` and/or `--index`
+options.  Sometimes people incorrectly think that, because
+the index was originally called cache, these two are
+synonyms.  They are *not* -- these two options mean very
+different things.
+
+ * The `--cached` option is used to ask a command that
+   usually works on files in the working tree to *only* work
+   with the index.  For example, `git grep`, when used
+   without a commit to specify from which commit to look for
+   strings in, usually works on files in the working tree,
+   but with the `--cached` option, it looks for strings in
+   the index.
+
+ * The `--index` option is used to ask a command that
+   usually works on files in the working tree to *also*
+   affect the index.  For example, `git stash apply` usually
+   merges changes recorded in a stash to the working tree,
+   but with the `--index` option, it also merges changes to
+   the index as well.
+
+`git apply` command can be used with `--cached` and
+`--index` (but not at the same time).  Usually the command
+only affects the files in the working tree, but with
+`--index`, it patches both the files and their index
+entries, and with `--cached`, it modifies only the index
+entries.
+
+See also http://marc.info/?l=git&m=116563135620359 and
+http://marc.info/?l=git&m=119150393620273 for further
+information.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by Pierre Habouzit and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7815e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1709 @@
+gitcore-tutorial(7)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git *
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and
+work with a git repository.
+
+If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
+link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual].
+
+However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
+you want to understand git's internals.
+
+The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
+interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
+plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
+plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
+
+Back when this document was originally written, many porcelain
+commands were shell scripts. For simplicity, it still uses them as
+examples to illustrate how plumbing is fit together to form the
+porcelain commands. The source tree includes some of these scripts in
+contrib/examples/ for reference. Although these are not implemented as
+shell scripts anymore, the description of what the plumbing layer
+commands do is still valid.
+
+[NOTE]
+Deeper technical details are often marked as Notes, which you can
+skip on your first reading.
+
+
+Creating a git repository
+-------------------------
+
+Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start
+out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a
+subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty
+one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want
+to import into git.
+
+For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from
+scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'.
+To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that
+subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ mkdir git-tutorial
+$ cd git-tutorial
+$ git init
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to which git will reply
+
+----------------
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
+----------------
+
+which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
+strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for
+your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can
+inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you
+three entries, among other things:
+
+ - a file called `HEAD`, that has `ref: refs/heads/master` in it.
+   This is similar to a symbolic link and points at
+   `refs/heads/master` relative to the `HEAD` file.
++
+Don't worry about the fact that the file that the `HEAD` link points to
+doesn't even exist yet -- you haven't created the commit that will
+start your `HEAD` development branch yet.
+
+ - a subdirectory called `objects`, which will contain all the
+   objects of your project. You should never have any real reason to
+   look at the objects directly, but you might want to know that these
+   objects are what contains all the real 'data' in your repository.
+
+ - a subdirectory called `refs`, which contains references to objects.
+
+In particular, the `refs` subdirectory will contain two other
+subdirectories, named `heads` and `tags` respectively. They do
+exactly what their names imply: they contain references to any number
+of different 'heads' of development (aka 'branches'), and to any
+'tags' that you have created to name specific versions in your
+repository.
+
+One note: the special `master` head is the default branch, which is
+why the `.git/HEAD` file was created points to it even if it
+doesn't yet exist. Basically, the `HEAD` link is supposed to always
+point to the branch you are working on right now, and you always
+start out expecting to work on the `master` branch.
+
+However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches
+anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master`
+branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
+valid, though.
+
+[NOTE]
+An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA1 hash, aka 'object name',
+and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
+representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
+subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
+(usually with a final `\'\n\'` at the end), and you should thus
+expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
+references in these `refs` subdirectories when you actually start
+populating your tree.
+
+[NOTE]
+An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
+after finishing this tutorial.
+
+You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's
+empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data.
+
+
+Populating a git repository
+---------------------------
+
+We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a
+few trivial files just to get a feel for it.
+
+Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain
+in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
+get a feel for how this works:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ echo "Hello World" >hello
+$ echo "Silly example" >example
+------------------------------------------------
+
+you have now created two files in your working tree (aka 'working directory'),
+but to actually check in your hard work, you will have to go through two steps:
+
+ - fill in the 'index' file (aka 'cache') with the information about your
+   working tree state.
+
+ - commit that index file as an object.
+
+The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes
+to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That
+program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but
+to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index
+(or remove existing ones) unless you explicitly tell it that you're
+adding a new entry with the `\--add` flag (or removing an entry with the
+`\--remove`) flag.
+
+So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git update-index --add hello example
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and you have now told git to track those two files.
+
+In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory,
+you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object
+database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do
+
+
+----------------
+$ ls .git/objects/??/*
+----------------
+
+and see two files:
+
+----------------
+.git/objects/55/7db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238
+.git/objects/f2/4c74a2e500f5ee1332c86b94199f52b1d1d962
+----------------
+
+which correspond with the objects with names of `557db...` and
+`f24c7...` respectively.
+
+If you want to, you can use 'git cat-file' to look at those objects, but
+you'll have to use the object name, not the filename of the object:
+
+----------------
+$ git cat-file -t 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238
+----------------
+
+where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the
+object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
+regular file), and you can see the contents with
+
+----------------
+$ git cat-file blob 557db03
+----------------
+
+which will print out "Hello World". The object `557db03` is nothing
+more than the contents of your file `hello`.
+
+[NOTE]
+Don't confuse that object with the file `hello` itself. The
+object is literally just those specific *contents* of the file, and
+however much you later change the contents in file `hello`, the object
+we just looked at will never change. Objects are immutable.
+
+[NOTE]
+The second example demonstrates that you can
+abbreviate the object name to only the first several
+hexadecimal digits in most places.
+
+Anyway, as we mentioned previously, you normally never actually take a
+look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex
+names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression
+was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and
+actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object
+database.
+
+Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index`
+file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and
+something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry
+about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that
+you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far,
+you've only *told* git about them.
+
+However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
+most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
+
+In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll
+start off by adding another line to `hello` first:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
+git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
+'git diff-files' command:
+
+------------
+$ git diff-files
+------------
+
+Oops. That wasn't very readable. It just spit out its own internal
+version of a 'diff', but that internal version really just tells you
+that it has noticed that "hello" has been modified, and that the old object
+contents it had have been replaced with something else.
+
+To make it readable, we can tell 'git diff-files' to output the
+differences as a patch, using the `-p` flag:
+
+------------
+$ git diff-files -p
+diff --git a/hello b/hello
+index 557db03..263414f 100644
+--- a/hello
++++ b/hello
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ Hello World
++It's a new day for git
+----
+
+i.e. the diff of the change we caused by adding another line to `hello`.
+
+In other words, 'git diff-files' always shows us the difference between
+what is recorded in the index, and what is currently in the working
+tree. That's very useful.
+
+A common shorthand for `git diff-files -p` is to just write `git
+diff`, which will do the same thing.
+
+------------
+$ git diff
+diff --git a/hello b/hello
+index 557db03..263414f 100644
+--- a/hello
++++ b/hello
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ Hello World
++It's a new day for git
+------------
+
+
+Committing git state
+--------------------
+
+Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files
+that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
+that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree'
+object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the
+tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.
+
+Creating a tree object is trivial, and is done with 'git write-tree'.
+There are no options or other input: `git write-tree` will take the
+current index state, and write an object that describes that whole
+index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different
+filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're
+creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git write-tree
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and this will just output the name of the resulting tree, in this case
+(if you have done exactly as I've described) it should be
+
+----------------
+8988da15d077d4829fc51d8544c097def6644dbb
+----------------
+
+which is another incomprehensible object name. Again, if you want to,
+you can use `git cat-file -t 8988d\...` to see that this time the object
+is not a "blob" object, but a "tree" object (you can also use
+`git cat-file` to actually output the raw object contents, but you'll see
+mainly a binary mess, so that's less interesting).
+
+However -- normally you'd never use 'git write-tree' on its own, because
+normally you always commit a tree into a commit object using the
+'git commit-tree' command. In fact, it's easier to not actually use
+'git write-tree' on its own at all, but to just pass its result in as an
+argument to 'git commit-tree'.
+
+'git commit-tree' normally takes several arguments -- it wants to know
+what the 'parent' of a commit was, but since this is the first commit
+ever in this new repository, and it has no parents, we only need to pass in
+the object name of the tree. However, 'git commit-tree' also wants to get a
+commit message on its standard input, and it will write out the resulting
+object name for the commit to its standard output.
+
+And this is where we create the `.git/refs/heads/master` file
+which is pointed at by `HEAD`. This file is supposed to contain
+the reference to the top-of-tree of the master branch, and since
+that's exactly what 'git commit-tree' spits out, we can do this
+all with a sequence of simple shell commands:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ tree=$(git write-tree)
+$ commit=$(echo 'Initial commit' | git commit-tree $tree)
+$ git update-ref HEAD $commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+In this case this creates a totally new commit that is not related to
+anything else. Normally you do this only *once* for a project ever, and
+all later commits will be parented on top of an earlier commit.
+
+Again, normally you'd never actually do this by hand. There is a
+helpful script called `git commit` that will do all of this for you. So
+you could have just written `git commit`
+instead, and it would have done the above magic scripting for you.
+
+
+Making a change
+---------------
+
+Remember how we did the 'git update-index' on file `hello` and then we
+changed `hello` afterward, and could compare the new state of `hello` with the
+state we saved in the index file?
+
+Further, remember how I said that 'git write-tree' writes the contents
+of the *index* file to the tree, and thus what we just committed was in
+fact the *original* contents of the file `hello`, not the new ones. We did
+that on purpose, to show the difference between the index state, and the
+state in the working tree, and how they don't have to match, even
+when we commit things.
+
+As before, if we do `git diff-files -p` in our git-tutorial project,
+we'll still see the same difference we saw last time: the index file
+hasn't changed by the act of committing anything. However, now that we
+have committed something, we can also learn to use a new command:
+'git diff-index'.
+
+Unlike 'git diff-files', which showed the difference between the index
+file and the working tree, 'git diff-index' shows the differences
+between a committed *tree* and either the index file or the working
+tree. In other words, 'git diff-index' wants a tree to be diffed
+against, and before we did the commit, we couldn't do that, because we
+didn't have anything to diff against.
+
+But now we can do
+
+----------------
+$ git diff-index -p HEAD
+----------------
+
+(where `-p` has the same meaning as it did in 'git diff-files'), and it
+will show us the same difference, but for a totally different reason.
+Now we're comparing the working tree not against the index file,
+but against the tree we just wrote. It just so happens that those two
+are obviously the same, so we get the same result.
+
+Again, because this is a common operation, you can also just shorthand
+it with
+
+----------------
+$ git diff HEAD
+----------------
+
+which ends up doing the above for you.
+
+In other words, 'git diff-index' normally compares a tree against the
+working tree, but when given the `\--cached` flag, it is told to
+instead compare against just the index cache contents, and ignore the
+current working tree state entirely. Since we just wrote the index
+file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index \--cached -p HEAD` should thus return
+an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does.
+
+[NOTE]
+================
+'git diff-index' really always uses the index for its
+comparisons, and saying that it compares a tree against the working
+tree is thus not strictly accurate. In particular, the list of
+files to compare (the "meta-data") *always* comes from the index file,
+regardless of whether the `\--cached` flag is used or not. The `\--cached`
+flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared
+come from the working tree or not.
+
+This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
+never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
+explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
+is there for.
+================
+
+However, our next step is to commit the *change* we did, and again, to
+understand what's going on, keep in mind the difference between "working
+tree contents", "index file" and "committed tree". We have changes
+in the working tree that we want to commit, and we always have to
+work through the index file, so the first thing we need to do is to
+update the index cache:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git update-index hello
+------------------------------------------------
+
+(note how we didn't need the `\--add` flag this time, since git knew
+about the file already).
+
+Note what happens to the different 'git diff-\*' versions here. After
+we've updated `hello` in the index, `git diff-files -p` now shows no
+differences, but `git diff-index -p HEAD` still *does* show that the
+current state is different from the state we committed. In fact, now
+'git diff-index' shows the same difference whether we use the `--cached`
+flag or not, since now the index is coherent with the working tree.
+
+Now, since we've updated `hello` in the index, we can commit the new
+version. We could do it by writing the tree by hand again, and
+committing the tree (this time we'd have to use the `-p HEAD` flag to
+tell commit that the HEAD was the *parent* of the new commit, and that
+this wasn't an initial commit any more), but you've done that once
+already, so let's just use the helpful script this time:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+which starts an editor for you to write the commit message and tells you
+a bit about what you have done.
+
+Write whatever message you want, and all the lines that start with '#'
+will be pruned out, and the rest will be used as the commit message for
+the change. If you decide you don't want to commit anything after all at
+this point (you can continue to edit things and update the index), you
+can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit
+the change for you.
+
+You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in
+looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate:
+it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit
+message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the
+commit itself ('git commit').
+
+
+Inspecting Changes
+------------------
+
+While creating changes is useful, it's even more useful if you can tell
+later what changed. The most useful command for this is another of the
+'diff' family, namely 'git diff-tree'.
+
+'git diff-tree' can be given two arbitrary trees, and it will tell you the
+differences between them. Perhaps even more commonly, though, you can
+give it just a single commit object, and it will figure out the parent
+of that commit itself, and show the difference directly. Thus, to get
+the same diff that we've already seen several times, we can now do
+
+----------------
+$ git diff-tree -p HEAD
+----------------
+
+(again, `-p` means to show the difference as a human-readable patch),
+and it will show what the last commit (in `HEAD`) actually changed.
+
+[NOTE]
+============
+Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
+various diff-\* commands compare things.
+
+                      diff-tree
+                       +----+
+                       |    |
+                       |    |
+                       V    V
+                    +-----------+
+                    | Object DB |
+                    |  Backing  |
+                    |   Store   |
+                    +-----------+
+                      ^    ^
+                      |    |
+                      |    |  diff-index --cached
+                      |    |
+          diff-index  |    V
+                      |  +-----------+
+                      |  |   Index   |
+                      |  |  "cache"  |
+                      |  +-----------+
+                      |    ^
+                      |    |
+                      |    |  diff-files
+                      |    |
+                      V    V
+                    +-----------+
+                    |  Working  |
+                    | Directory |
+                    +-----------+
+============
+
+More interestingly, you can also give 'git diff-tree' the `--pretty` flag,
+which tells it to also show the commit message and author and date of the
+commit, and you can tell it to show a whole series of diffs.
+Alternatively, you can tell it to be "silent", and not show the diffs at
+all, but just show the actual commit message.
+
+In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a
+list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of
+changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is
+included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
+activities.
+
+To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you
+can do
+
+----------------
+$ git log
+----------------
+
+which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together
+with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more
+powerful)
+
+----------------
+$ git whatchanged -p
+----------------
+
+and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its
+short history.
+
+[NOTE]
+When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown.
+If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting
+the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you
+can still show it for each command just adding the `\--root` option,
+which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands.
+
+With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and
+can explore on your own.
+
+[NOTE]
+Most likely, you are not directly using the core
+git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
+and `git-commit'.
+
+
+Tagging a version
+-----------------
+
+In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
+
+A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
+it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`.
+So the simplest form of tag involves nothing more than
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git tag my-first-tag
+------------------------------------------------
+
+which just writes the current `HEAD` into the `.git/refs/tags/my-first-tag`
+file, after which point you can then use this symbolic name for that
+particular state. You can, for example, do
+
+----------------
+$ git diff my-first-tag
+----------------
+
+to diff your current state against that tag which at this point will
+obviously be an empty diff, but if you continue to develop and commit
+stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed
+since you tagged it.
+
+An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
+pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
+message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes,
+you really did
+that tag. You create these annotated tags with either the `-a` or
+`-s` flag to 'git tag':
+
+----------------
+$ git tag -s <tagname>
+----------------
+
+which will sign the current `HEAD` (but you can also give it another
+argument that specifies the thing to tag, e.g., you could have tagged the
+current `mybranch` point by using `git tag <tagname> mybranch`).
+
+You normally only do signed tags for major releases or things
+like that, while the light-weight tags are useful for any marking you
+want to do -- any time you decide that you want to remember a certain
+point, just create a private tag for it, and you have a nice symbolic
+name for the state at that point.
+
+
+Copying repositories
+--------------------
+
+git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
+Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
+"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
+working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
+subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.
+
+[NOTE]
+You can tell git to split the git internal information from
+the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not
+how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses.
+So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to
+the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100%
+accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use.
+
+This has two implications:
+
+ - if you grow bored with the tutorial repository you created (or you've
+   made a mistake and want to start all over), you can just do simple
++
+----------------
+$ rm -rf git-tutorial
+----------------
++
+and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no
+history outside the project you created.
+
+ - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There
+   is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to
+   create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that
+   went along with it), you can do so with a regular
+   `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`.
++
+Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index
+file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat"
+information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed.
+So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do
++
+----------------
+$ git update-index --refresh
+----------------
++
+in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date.
+
+Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can
+duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
+'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'.
+
+When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the
+index cache when you do this, and especially with other peoples'
+repositories you often want to make sure that the index cache is in some
+known state (you don't know *what* they've done and not yet checked in),
+so usually you'll precede the 'git update-index' with a
+
+----------------
+$ git read-tree --reset HEAD
+$ git update-index --refresh
+----------------
+
+which will force a total index re-build from the tree pointed to by `HEAD`.
+It resets the index contents to `HEAD`, and then the 'git update-index'
+makes sure to match up all index entries with the checked-out files.
+If the original repository had uncommitted changes in its
+working tree, `git update-index --refresh` notices them and
+tells you they need to be updated.
+
+The above can also be written as simply
+
+----------------
+$ git reset
+----------------
+
+and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted
+with the `git xyz` interfaces.  You can learn things by just looking
+at what the various git scripts do.  For example, `git reset` used to be
+the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like
+'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around
+the basic git commands.
+
+Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of
+the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the
+actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
+`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the
+repository.
+
+To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd
+first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the
+raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to
+create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following
+
+----------------
+$ mkdir my-git
+$ cd my-git
+$ rsync -rL rsync://rsync.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/ .git
+----------------
+
+followed by
+
+----------------
+$ git read-tree HEAD
+----------------
+
+to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and
+you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
+actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get
+those, you'd check them out with
+
+----------------
+$ git checkout-index -u -a
+----------------
+
+where the `-u` flag means that you want the checkout to keep the index
+up-to-date (so that you don't have to refresh it afterward), and the
+`-a` flag means "check out all files" (if you have a stale copy or an
+older version of a checked out tree you may also need to add the `-f`
+flag first, to tell 'git checkout-index' to *force* overwriting of any old
+files).
+
+Again, this can all be simplified with
+
+----------------
+$ git clone rsync://rsync.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/ my-git
+$ cd my-git
+$ git checkout
+----------------
+
+which will end up doing all of the above for you.
+
+You have now successfully copied somebody else's (mine) remote
+repository, and checked it out.
+
+
+Creating a new branch
+---------------------
+
+Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
+object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we
+already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
+these object pointers.
+
+You can at any time create a new branch by just picking an arbitrary
+point in the project history, and just writing the SHA1 name of that
+object into a file under `.git/refs/heads/`. You can use any filename you
+want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
+"normal" branch is called `master`. That's just a convention, though,
+and nothing enforces it.
+
+To show that as an example, let's go back to the git-tutorial repository we
+used earlier, and create a branch in it. You do that by simply just
+saying that you want to check out a new branch:
+
+------------
+$ git checkout -b mybranch
+------------
+
+will create a new branch based at the current `HEAD` position, and switch
+to it.
+
+[NOTE]
+================================================
+If you make the decision to start your new branch at some
+other point in the history than the current `HEAD`, you can do so by
+just telling 'git checkout' what the base of the checkout would be.
+In other words, if you have an earlier tag or branch, you'd just do
+
+------------
+$ git checkout -b mybranch earlier-commit
+------------
+
+and it would create the new branch `mybranch` at the earlier commit,
+and check out the state at that time.
+================================================
+
+You can always just jump back to your original `master` branch by doing
+
+------------
+$ git checkout master
+------------
+
+(or any other branch-name, for that matter) and if you forget which
+branch you happen to be on, a simple
+
+------------
+$ cat .git/HEAD
+------------
+
+will tell you where it's pointing.  To get the list of branches
+you have, you can say
+
+------------
+$ git branch
+------------
+
+which used to be nothing more than a simple script around `ls .git/refs/heads`.
+There will be an asterisk in front of the branch you are currently on.
+
+Sometimes you may wish to create a new branch _without_ actually
+checking it out and switching to it. If so, just use the command
+
+------------
+$ git branch <branchname> [startingpoint]
+------------
+
+which will simply _create_ the branch, but will not do anything further.
+You can then later -- once you decide that you want to actually develop
+on that branch -- switch to that branch with a regular 'git checkout'
+with the branchname as the argument.
+
+
+Merging two branches
+--------------------
+
+One of the ideas of having a branch is that you do some (possibly
+experimental) work in it, and eventually merge it back to the main
+branch. So assuming you created the above `mybranch` that started out
+being the same as the original `master` branch, let's make sure we're in
+that branch, and do some work there.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout mybranch
+$ echo "Work, work, work" >>hello
+$ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
+doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the
+filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells
+git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
+the index file so far when making the commit).  The `-m` flag is to give the
+commit log message from the command line.
+
+Now, to make it a bit more interesting, let's assume that somebody else
+does some work in the original branch, and simulate that by going back
+to the master branch, and editing the same file differently there:
+
+------------
+$ git checkout master
+------------
+
+Here, take a moment to look at the contents of `hello`, and notice how they
+don't contain the work we just did in `mybranch` -- because that work
+hasn't happened in the `master` branch at all. Then do
+
+------------
+$ echo "Play, play, play" >>hello
+$ echo "Lots of fun" >>example
+$ git commit -m "Some fun." -i hello example
+------------
+
+since the master branch is obviously in a much better mood.
+
+Now, you've got two branches, and you decide that you want to merge the
+work done. Before we do that, let's introduce a cool graphical tool that
+helps you view what's going on:
+
+----------------
+$ gitk --all
+----------------
+
+will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `\--all`
+means: normally it will just show you your current `HEAD`) and their
+histories. You can also see exactly how they came to be from a common
+source.
+
+Anyway, let's exit 'gitk' (`^Q` or the File menu), and decide that we want
+to merge the work we did on the `mybranch` branch into the `master`
+branch (which is currently our `HEAD` too). To do that, there's a nice
+script called 'git merge', which wants to know which branches you want
+to resolve and what the merge is all about:
+
+------------
+$ git merge -m "Merge work in mybranch" mybranch
+------------
+
+where the first argument is going to be used as the commit message if
+the merge can be resolved automatically.
+
+Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the
+merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much
+of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example`
+file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say:
+
+----------------
+	Auto-merging hello
+	CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hello
+	Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
+----------------
+
+It tells you that it did an "Automatic merge", which
+failed due to conflicts in `hello`.
+
+Not to worry. It left the (trivial) conflict in `hello` in the same form you
+should already be well used to if you've ever used CVS, so let's just
+open `hello` in our editor (whatever that may be), and fix it up somehow.
+I'd suggest just making it so that `hello` contains all four lines:
+
+------------
+Hello World
+It's a new day for git
+Play, play, play
+Work, work, work
+------------
+
+and once you're happy with your manual merge, just do a
+
+------------
+$ git commit -i hello
+------------
+
+which will very loudly warn you that you're now committing a merge
+(which is correct, so never mind), and you can write a small merge
+message about your adventures in 'git merge'-land.
+
+After you're done, start up `gitk \--all` to see graphically what the
+history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can
+switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The
+`mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it
+from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
+have to do _that_ merge again.
+
+Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window
+environment, is `git show-branch`.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-branch --topo-order --more=1 master mybranch
+* [master] Merge work in mybranch
+ ! [mybranch] Some work.
+--
+-  [master] Merge work in mybranch
+*+ [mybranch] Some work.
+*  [master^] Some fun.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches
+and the first line of the commit log message from their
+top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch
+(notice the asterisk `\*` character), and the first column for
+the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
+`master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch`
+branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages.
+All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*`
+shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which
+means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some
+work" commit has the plus `+` character in the second column,
+because `mybranch` has not been merged to incorporate these
+commits from the master branch.  The string inside brackets
+before the commit log message is a short name you can use to
+name the commit.  In the above example, 'master' and 'mybranch'
+are branch heads.  'master^' is the first parent of 'master'
+branch head.  Please see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] if you want to
+see more complex cases.
+
+[NOTE]
+Without the '--more=1' option, 'git show-branch' would not output the
+'[master^]' commit, as '[mybranch]' commit is a common ancestor of
+both 'master' and 'mybranch' tips.  Please see linkgit:git-show-branch[1]
+for details.
+
+[NOTE]
+If there were more commits on the 'master' branch after the merge, the
+merge commit itself would not be shown by 'git show-branch' by
+default.  You would need to provide '--sparse' option to make the
+merge commit visible in this case.
+
+Now, let's pretend you are the one who did all the work in
+`mybranch`, and the fruit of your hard work has finally been merged
+to the `master` branch. Let's go back to `mybranch`, and run
+'git merge' to get the "upstream changes" back to your branch.
+
+------------
+$ git checkout mybranch
+$ git merge -m "Merge upstream changes." master
+------------
+
+This outputs something like this (the actual commit object names
+would be different)
+
+----------------
+Updating from ae3a2da... to a80b4aa....
+Fast-forward (no commit created; -m option ignored)
+ example |    1 +
+ hello   |    1 +
+ 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+----------------
+
+Because your branch did not contain anything more than what had
+already been merged into the `master` branch, the merge operation did
+not actually do a merge. Instead, it just updated the top of
+the tree of your branch to that of the `master` branch. This is
+often called 'fast-forward' merge.
+
+You can run `gitk \--all` again to see how the commit ancestry
+looks like, or run 'show-branch', which tells you this.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-branch master mybranch
+! [master] Merge work in mybranch
+ * [mybranch] Merge work in mybranch
+--
+-- [master] Merge work in mybranch
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+Merging external work
+---------------------
+
+It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than
+merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git
+makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from
+doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing
+more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag"
+followed by a 'git merge'.
+
+Fetching from a remote repository is done by, unsurprisingly,
+'git fetch':
+
+----------------
+$ git fetch <remote-repository>
+----------------
+
+One of the following transports can be used to name the
+repository to download from:
+
+Rsync::
+	`rsync://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
++
+Rsync transport is usable for both uploading and downloading,
+but is completely unaware of what git does, and can produce
+unexpected results when you download from the public repository
+while the repository owner is uploading into it via `rsync`
+transport.  Most notably, it could update the files under
+`refs/` which holds the object name of the topmost commits
+before uploading the files in `objects/` -- the downloader would
+obtain head commit object name while that object itself is still
+not available in the repository.  For this reason, it is
+considered deprecated.
+
+SSH::
+	`remote.machine:/path/to/repo.git/` or
++
+`ssh://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
++
+This transport can be used for both uploading and downloading,
+and requires you to have a log-in privilege over `ssh` to the
+remote machine.  It finds out the set of objects the other side
+lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and
+transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.  It is by far the
+most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.
+
+Local directory::
+	`/path/to/repo.git/`
++
+This transport is the same as SSH transport but uses 'sh' to run
+both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
+the remote machine via 'ssh'.
+
+git Native::
+	`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
++
+This transport was designed for anonymous downloading.  Like SSH
+transport, it finds out the set of objects the downstream side
+lacks and transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.
+
+HTTP(S)::
+	`http://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
++
+Downloader from http and https URL
+first obtains the topmost commit object name from the remote site
+by looking at the specified refname under `repo.git/refs/` directory,
+and then tries to obtain the
+commit object by downloading from `repo.git/objects/xx/xxx\...`
+using the object name of that commit object.  Then it reads the
+commit object to find out its parent commits and the associate
+tree object; it repeats this process until it gets all the
+necessary objects.  Because of this behavior, they are
+sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
++
+The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
+transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
+server like git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
+that does not even support directory index would suffice.  But
+you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info'
+to help dumb transport downloaders.
+
+Once you fetch from the remote repository, you `merge` that
+with your current branch.
+
+However -- it's such a common thing to `fetch` and then
+immediately `merge`, that it's called `git pull`, and you can
+simply do
+
+----------------
+$ git pull <remote-repository>
+----------------
+
+and optionally give a branch-name for the remote end as a second
+argument.
+
+[NOTE]
+You could do without using any branches at all, by
+keeping as many local repositories as you would like to have
+branches, and merging between them with 'git pull', just like
+you merge between branches. The advantage of this approach is
+that it lets you keep a set of files for each `branch` checked
+out and you may find it easier to switch back and forth if you
+juggle multiple lines of development simultaneously. Of
+course, you will pay the price of more disk usage to hold
+multiple working trees, but disk space is cheap these days.
+
+It is likely that you will be pulling from the same remote
+repository from time to time. As a short hand, you can store
+the remote repository URL in the local repository's config file
+like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config remote.linus.url http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and use the "linus" keyword with 'git pull' instead of the full URL.
+
+Examples.
+
+. `git pull linus`
+. `git pull linus tag v0.99.1`
+
+the above are equivalent to:
+
+. `git pull http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/ HEAD`
+. `git pull http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/ tag v0.99.1`
+
+
+How does the merge work?
+------------------------
+
+We said this tutorial shows what plumbing does to help you cope
+with the porcelain that isn't flushing, but we so far did not
+talk about how the merge really works.  If you are following
+this tutorial the first time, I'd suggest to skip to "Publishing
+your work" section and come back here later.
+
+OK, still with me?  To give us an example to look at, let's go
+back to the earlier repository with "hello" and "example" file,
+and bring ourselves back to the pre-merge state:
+
+------------
+$ git show-branch --more=2 master mybranch
+! [master] Merge work in mybranch
+ * [mybranch] Merge work in mybranch
+--
+-- [master] Merge work in mybranch
++* [master^2] Some work.
++* [master^] Some fun.
+------------
+
+Remember, before running 'git merge', our `master` head was at
+"Some fun." commit, while our `mybranch` head was at "Some
+work." commit.
+
+------------
+$ git checkout mybranch
+$ git reset --hard master^2
+$ git checkout master
+$ git reset --hard master^
+------------
+
+After rewinding, the commit structure should look like this:
+
+------------
+$ git show-branch
+* [master] Some fun.
+ ! [mybranch] Some work.
+--
+*  [master] Some fun.
+ + [mybranch] Some work.
+*+ [master^] Initial commit
+------------
+
+Now we are ready to experiment with the merge by hand.
+
+`git merge` command, when merging two branches, uses 3-way merge
+algorithm.  First, it finds the common ancestor between them.
+The command it uses is 'git merge-base':
+
+------------
+$ mb=$(git merge-base HEAD mybranch)
+------------
+
+The command writes the commit object name of the common ancestor
+to the standard output, so we captured its output to a variable,
+because we will be using it in the next step.  By the way, the common
+ancestor commit is the "Initial commit" commit in this case.  You can
+tell it by:
+
+------------
+$ git name-rev --name-only --tags $mb
+my-first-tag
+------------
+
+After finding out a common ancestor commit, the second step is
+this:
+
+------------
+$ git read-tree -m -u $mb HEAD mybranch
+------------
+
+This is the same 'git read-tree' command we have already seen,
+but it takes three trees, unlike previous examples.  This reads
+the contents of each tree into different 'stage' in the index
+file (the first tree goes to stage 1, the second to stage 2,
+etc.).  After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
+that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
+0.  Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
+collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA1 from either stage 2 or
+stage 3, whichever is different from stage 1 (i.e. only one side
+changed from the common ancestor).
+
+After 'collapsing' operation, paths that are different in three
+trees are left in non-zero stages.  At this point, you can
+inspect the index file with this command:
+
+------------
+$ git ls-files --stage
+100644 7f8b141b65fdcee47321e399a2598a235a032422 0	example
+100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1	hello
+100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2	hello
+100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3	hello
+------------
+
+In our example of only two files, we did not have unchanged
+files so only 'example' resulted in collapsing.  But in real-life
+large projects, when only a small number of files change in one commit,
+this 'collapsing' tends to trivially merge most of the paths
+fairly quickly, leaving only a handful of real changes in non-zero
+stages.
+
+To look at only non-zero stages, use `\--unmerged` flag:
+
+------------
+$ git ls-files --unmerged
+100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1	hello
+100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2	hello
+100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3	hello
+------------
+
+The next step of merging is to merge these three versions of the
+file, using 3-way merge.  This is done by giving
+'git merge-one-file' command as one of the arguments to
+'git merge-index' command:
+
+------------
+$ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello
+Auto-merging hello
+ERROR: Merge conflict in hello
+fatal: merge program failed
+------------
+
+'git merge-one-file' script is called with parameters to
+describe those three versions, and is responsible to leave the
+merge results in the working tree.
+It is a fairly straightforward shell script, and
+eventually calls 'merge' program from RCS suite to perform a
+file-level 3-way merge.  In this case, 'merge' detects
+conflicts, and the merge result with conflict marks is left in
+the working tree..  This can be seen if you run `ls-files
+--stage` again at this point:
+
+------------
+$ git ls-files --stage
+100644 7f8b141b65fdcee47321e399a2598a235a032422 0	example
+100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1	hello
+100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2	hello
+100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3	hello
+------------
+
+This is the state of the index file and the working file after
+'git merge' returns control back to you, leaving the conflicting
+merge for you to resolve.  Notice that the path `hello` is still
+unmerged, and what you see with 'git diff' at this point is
+differences since stage 2 (i.e. your version).
+
+
+Publishing your work
+--------------------
+
+So, we can use somebody else's work from a remote repository, but
+how can *you* prepare a repository to let other people pull from
+it?
+
+You do your real work in your working tree that has your
+primary repository hanging under it as its `.git` subdirectory.
+You *could* make that repository accessible remotely and ask
+people to pull from it, but in practice that is not the way
+things are usually done. A recommended way is to have a public
+repository, make it reachable by other people, and when the
+changes you made in your primary working tree are in good shape,
+update the public repository from it. This is often called
+'pushing'.
+
+[NOTE]
+This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is
+how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
+
+Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to
+your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on
+the remote machine. You need to have an SSH account there to
+run a single command, 'git-receive-pack'.
+
+First, you need to create an empty repository on the remote
+machine that will house your public repository. This empty
+repository will be populated and be kept up-to-date by pushing
+into it later. Obviously, this repository creation needs to be
+done only once.
+
+[NOTE]
+'git push' uses a pair of commands,
+'git send-pack' on your local machine, and 'git-receive-pack'
+on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
+the network internally uses an SSH connection.
+
+Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
+your public repository is often named after the project name,
+i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
+project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
+an empty directory:
+
+------------
+$ mkdir my-git.git
+------------
+
+Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
+'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual
+`.git`, we do things slightly differently:
+
+------------
+$ GIT_DIR=my-git.git git init
+------------
+
+Make sure this directory is available for others you want your
+changes to be pulled via the transport of your choice. Also
+you need to make sure that you have the 'git-receive-pack'
+program on the `$PATH`.
+
+[NOTE]
+Many installations of sshd do not invoke your shell as the login
+shell when you directly run programs; what this means is that if
+your login shell is 'bash', only `.bashrc` is read and not
+`.bash_profile`. As a workaround, make sure `.bashrc` sets up
+`$PATH` so that you can run 'git-receive-pack' program.
+
+[NOTE]
+If you plan to publish this repository to be accessed over http,
+you should do `mv my-git.git/hooks/post-update.sample
+my-git.git/hooks/post-update` at this point.
+This makes sure that every time you push into this
+repository, `git update-server-info` is run.
+
+Your "public repository" is now ready to accept your changes.
+Come back to the machine you have your private repository. From
+there, run this command:
+
+------------
+$ git push <public-host>:/path/to/my-git.git master
+------------
+
+This synchronizes your public repository to match the named
+branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable
+from them in your current repository.
+
+As a real example, this is how I update my public git
+repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the
+propagation to other publicly visible machines:
+
+------------
+$ git push master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git/
+------------
+
+
+Packing your repository
+-----------------------
+
+Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory
+is stored for each git object you create. This representation
+is efficient to create atomically and safely, but
+not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are
+immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the
+storage by "packing them together". The command
+
+------------
+$ git repack
+------------
+
+will do it for you. If you followed the tutorial examples, you
+would have accumulated about 17 objects in `.git/objects/??/`
+directories by now. 'git repack' tells you how many objects it
+packed, and stores the packed file in `.git/objects/pack`
+directory.
+
+[NOTE]
+You will see two files, `pack-\*.pack` and `pack-\*.idx`,
+in `.git/objects/pack` directory. They are closely related to
+each other, and if you ever copy them by hand to a different
+repository for whatever reason, you should make sure you copy
+them together. The former holds all the data from the objects
+in the pack, and the latter holds the index for random
+access.
+
+If you are paranoid, running 'git verify-pack' command would
+detect if you have a corrupt pack, but do not worry too much.
+Our programs are always perfect ;-).
+
+Once you have packed objects, you do not need to leave the
+unpacked objects that are contained in the pack file anymore.
+
+------------
+$ git prune-packed
+------------
+
+would remove them for you.
+
+You can try running `find .git/objects -type f` before and after
+you run `git prune-packed` if you are curious.  Also `git
+count-objects` would tell you how many unpacked objects are in
+your repository and how much space they are consuming.
+
+[NOTE]
+`git pull` is slightly cumbersome for HTTP transport, as a
+packed repository may contain relatively few objects in a
+relatively large pack. If you expect many HTTP pulls from your
+public repository you might want to repack & prune often, or
+never.
+
+If you run `git repack` again at this point, it will say
+"Nothing new to pack.". Once you continue your development and
+accumulate the changes, running `git repack` again will create a
+new pack, that contains objects created since you packed your
+repository the last time. We recommend that you pack your project
+soon after the initial import (unless you are starting your
+project from scratch), and then run `git repack` every once in a
+while, depending on how active your project is.
+
+When a repository is synchronized via `git push` and `git pull`
+objects packed in the source repository are usually stored
+unpacked in the destination, unless rsync transport is used.
+While this allows you to use different packing strategies on
+both ends, it also means you may need to repack both
+repositories every once in a while.
+
+
+Working with Others
+-------------------
+
+Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often
+convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
+of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
+is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
+link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
+
+It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
+There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
+patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull
+from only one remote repository.
+
+A recommended workflow for a "project lead" goes like this:
+
+1. Prepare your primary repository on your local machine. Your
+   work is done there.
+
+2. Prepare a public repository accessible to others.
++
+If other people are pulling from your repository over dumb
+transport protocols (HTTP), you need to keep this repository
+'dumb transport friendly'.  After `git init`,
+`$GIT_DIR/hooks/post-update.sample` copied from the standard templates
+would contain a call to 'git update-server-info'
+but you need to manually enable the hook with
+`mv post-update.sample post-update`.  This makes sure
+'git update-server-info' keeps the necessary files up-to-date.
+
+3. Push into the public repository from your primary
+   repository.
+
+4. 'git repack' the public repository. This establishes a big
+   pack that contains the initial set of objects as the
+   baseline, and possibly 'git prune' if the transport
+   used for pulling from your repository supports packed
+   repositories.
+
+5. Keep working in your primary repository. Your changes
+   include modifications of your own, patches you receive via
+   e-mails, and merges resulting from pulling the "public"
+   repositories of your "subsystem maintainers".
++
+You can repack this private repository whenever you feel like.
+
+6. Push your changes to the public repository, and announce it
+   to the public.
+
+7. Every once in a while, 'git repack' the public repository.
+   Go back to step 5. and continue working.
+
+
+A recommended work cycle for a "subsystem maintainer" who works
+on that project and has an own "public repository" goes like this:
+
+1. Prepare your work repository, by 'git clone' the public
+   repository of the "project lead". The URL used for the
+   initial cloning is stored in the remote.origin.url
+   configuration variable.
+
+2. Prepare a public repository accessible to others, just like
+   the "project lead" person does.
+
+3. Copy over the packed files from "project lead" public
+   repository to your public repository, unless the "project
+   lead" repository lives on the same machine as yours.  In the
+   latter case, you can use `objects/info/alternates` file to
+   point at the repository you are borrowing from.
+
+4. Push into the public repository from your primary
+   repository. Run 'git repack', and possibly 'git prune' if the
+   transport used for pulling from your repository supports
+   packed repositories.
+
+5. Keep working in your primary repository. Your changes
+   include modifications of your own, patches you receive via
+   e-mails, and merges resulting from pulling the "public"
+   repositories of your "project lead" and possibly your
+   "sub-subsystem maintainers".
++
+You can repack this private repository whenever you feel
+like.
+
+6. Push your changes to your public repository, and ask your
+   "project lead" and possibly your "sub-subsystem
+   maintainers" to pull from it.
+
+7. Every once in a while, 'git repack' the public repository.
+   Go back to step 5. and continue working.
+
+
+A recommended work cycle for an "individual developer" who does
+not have a "public" repository is somewhat different. It goes
+like this:
+
+1. Prepare your work repository, by 'git clone' the public
+   repository of the "project lead" (or a "subsystem
+   maintainer", if you work on a subsystem). The URL used for
+   the initial cloning is stored in the remote.origin.url
+   configuration variable.
+
+2. Do your work in your repository on 'master' branch.
+
+3. Run `git fetch origin` from the public repository of your
+   upstream every once in a while. This does only the first
+   half of `git pull` but does not merge. The head of the
+   public repository is stored in `.git/refs/remotes/origin/master`.
+
+4. Use `git cherry origin` to see which ones of your patches
+   were accepted, and/or use `git rebase origin` to port your
+   unmerged changes forward to the updated upstream.
+
+5. Use `git format-patch origin` to prepare patches for e-mail
+   submission to your upstream and send it out. Go back to
+   step 2. and continue.
+
+
+Working with Others, Shared Repository Style
+--------------------------------------------
+
+If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation
+suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not
+have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of
+cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.
+
+See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details.
+
+Bundling your work together
+---------------------------
+
+It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at
+a time.  It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks
+using branches with git.
+
+We have already seen how branches work previously,
+with "fun and work" example using two branches.  The idea is the
+same if there are more than two branches.  Let's say you started
+out from "master" head, and have some new code in the "master"
+branch, and two independent fixes in the "commit-fix" and
+"diff-fix" branches:
+
+------------
+$ git show-branch
+! [commit-fix] Fix commit message normalization.
+ ! [diff-fix] Fix rename detection.
+  * [master] Release candidate #1
+---
+ +  [diff-fix] Fix rename detection.
+ +  [diff-fix~1] Better common substring algorithm.
++   [commit-fix] Fix commit message normalization.
+  * [master] Release candidate #1
+++* [diff-fix~2] Pretty-print messages.
+------------
+
+Both fixes are tested well, and at this point, you want to merge
+in both of them.  You could merge in 'diff-fix' first and then
+'commit-fix' next, like this:
+
+------------
+$ git merge -m "Merge fix in diff-fix" diff-fix
+$ git merge -m "Merge fix in commit-fix" commit-fix
+------------
+
+Which would result in:
+
+------------
+$ git show-branch
+! [commit-fix] Fix commit message normalization.
+ ! [diff-fix] Fix rename detection.
+  * [master] Merge fix in commit-fix
+---
+  - [master] Merge fix in commit-fix
++ * [commit-fix] Fix commit message normalization.
+  - [master~1] Merge fix in diff-fix
+ +* [diff-fix] Fix rename detection.
+ +* [diff-fix~1] Better common substring algorithm.
+  * [master~2] Release candidate #1
+++* [master~3] Pretty-print messages.
+------------
+
+However, there is no particular reason to merge in one branch
+first and the other next, when what you have are a set of truly
+independent changes (if the order mattered, then they are not
+independent by definition).  You could instead merge those two
+branches into the current branch at once.  First let's undo what
+we just did and start over.  We would want to get the master
+branch before these two merges by resetting it to 'master~2':
+
+------------
+$ git reset --hard master~2
+------------
+
+You can make sure `git show-branch` matches the state before
+those two 'git merge' you just did.  Then, instead of running
+two 'git merge' commands in a row, you would merge these two
+branch heads (this is known as 'making an Octopus'):
+
+------------
+$ git merge commit-fix diff-fix
+$ git show-branch
+! [commit-fix] Fix commit message normalization.
+ ! [diff-fix] Fix rename detection.
+  * [master] Octopus merge of branches 'diff-fix' and 'commit-fix'
+---
+  - [master] Octopus merge of branches 'diff-fix' and 'commit-fix'
++ * [commit-fix] Fix commit message normalization.
+ +* [diff-fix] Fix rename detection.
+ +* [diff-fix~1] Better common substring algorithm.
+  * [master~1] Release candidate #1
+++* [master~2] Pretty-print messages.
+------------
+
+Note that you should not do Octopus because you can.  An octopus
+is a valid thing to do and often makes it easier to view the
+commit history if you are merging more than two independent
+changes at the same time.  However, if you have merge conflicts
+with any of the branches you are merging in and need to hand
+resolve, that is an indication that the development happened in
+those branches were not independent after all, and you should
+merge two at a time, documenting how you resolved the conflicts,
+and the reason why you preferred changes made in one side over
+the other.  Otherwise it would make the project history harder
+to follow, not easier.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7],
+linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:git-help[1],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d861ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+gitcvs-migration(7)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git cvsimport *
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Git differs from CVS in that every working tree contains a repository with
+a full copy of the project history, and no repository is inherently more
+important than any other.  However, you can emulate the CVS model by
+designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
+this document explains how to do that.
+
+Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through
+linkgit:gittutorial[7] and
+linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient.
+
+Developing against a shared repository
+--------------------------------------
+
+Suppose a shared repository is set up in /pub/repo.git on the host
+foo.com.  Then as an individual committer you can clone the shared
+repository over ssh with:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git clone foo.com:/pub/repo.git/ my-project
+$ cd my-project
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and hack away.  The equivalent of 'cvs update' is
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull origin
+------------------------------------------------
+
+which merges in any work that others might have done since the clone
+operation.  If there are uncommitted changes in your working tree, commit
+them first before running git pull.
+
+[NOTE]
+================================
+The 'pull' command knows where to get updates from because of certain
+configuration variables that were set by the first 'git clone'
+command; see `git config -l` and the linkgit:git-config[1] man
+page for details.
+================================
+
+You can update the shared repository with your changes by first committing
+your changes, and then using the 'git push' command:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git push origin master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to "push" those commits to the shared repository.  If someone else has
+updated the repository more recently, 'git push', like 'cvs commit', will
+complain, in which case you must pull any changes before attempting the
+push again.
+
+In the 'git push' command above we specify the name of the remote branch
+to update (`master`).  If we leave that out, 'git push' tries to update
+any branches in the remote repository that have the same name as a branch
+in the local repository.  So the last 'push' can be done with either of:
+
+------------
+$ git push origin
+$ git push foo.com:/pub/project.git/
+------------
+
+as long as the shared repository does not have any branches
+other than `master`.
+
+Setting Up a Shared Repository
+------------------------------
+
+We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
+possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
+linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS
+repository (see the next section).
+
+Assume your existing repo is at /home/alice/myproject.  Create a new "bare"
+repository (a repository without a working tree) and fetch your project into
+it:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ mkdir /pub/my-repo.git
+$ cd /pub/my-repo.git
+$ git --bare init --shared
+$ git --bare fetch /home/alice/myproject master:master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository.  One
+easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
+machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don't want to give them a
+full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
+users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
+
+Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
+writable by that group:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ chgrp -R $group /pub/my-repo.git
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Make sure committers have a umask of at most 027, so that the directories
+they create are writable and searchable by other group members.
+
+Importing a CVS archive
+-----------------------
+
+First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
+link:http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make
+sure it is in your path.  Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
+of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------
+$ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
+-------------------------------------------
+
+This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
+<destination>, which will be created if necessary.
+
+The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
+cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
+medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
+Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
+
+The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
+CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names.  The most
+recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
+branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
+
+The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will
+fetch any CVS updates that have been made in the meantime.  For this to
+work, you must not modify the imported branches; instead, create new
+branches for your own changes, and merge in the imported branches as
+necessary.
+
+If you want a shared repository, you will need to make a bare clone
+of the imported directory, as described above. Then treat the imported
+directory as another development clone for purposes of merging
+incremental imports.
+
+Advanced Shared Repository Management
+-------------------------------------
+
+Git allows you to specify scripts called "hooks" to be run at certain
+points.  You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
+repository to a mailing list.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
+
+You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
+link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
+update hooks].
+
+Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
+----------------------------------------
+
+It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
+that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for
+details.
+
+Alternative Development Models
+------------------------------
+
+CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
+a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
+However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
+and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
+fit for your project.
+
+For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project's
+primary public repository.  Other developers then clone this repository
+and each work in their own clone.  When they have a series of changes that
+they're happy with, they ask the maintainer to pull from the branch
+containing the changes.  The maintainer reviews their changes and pulls
+them into the primary repository, which other developers pull from as
+necessary to stay coordinated.  The Linux kernel and other projects use
+variants of this model.
+
+With a small group, developers may just pull changes from each other's
+repositories without the need for a central maintainer.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7],
+linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcdea54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+gitdiffcore(7)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+gitdiffcore - Tweaking diff output (June 2005)
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git diff' *
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+The diff commands 'git diff-index', 'git diff-files', and 'git diff-tree'
+can be told to manipulate differences they find in
+unconventional ways before showing 'diff' output.  The manipulation
+is collectively called "diffcore transformation".  This short note
+describes what they are and how to use them to produce 'diff' output
+that is easier to understand than the conventional kind.
+
+
+The chain of operation
+----------------------
+
+The 'git diff-{asterisk}' family works by first comparing two sets of
+files:
+
+ - 'git diff-index' compares contents of a "tree" object and the
+   working directory (when '\--cached' flag is not used) or a
+   "tree" object and the index file (when '\--cached' flag is
+   used);
+
+ - 'git diff-files' compares contents of the index file and the
+   working directory;
+
+ - 'git diff-tree' compares contents of two "tree" objects;
+
+In all of these cases, the commands themselves first optionally limit
+the two sets of files by any pathspecs given on their command-lines,
+and compare corresponding paths in the two resulting sets of files.
+
+The pathspecs are used to limit the world diff operates in.  They remove
+the filepairs outside the specified sets of pathnames.  E.g. If the
+input set of filepairs included:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M junkfile
+------------------------------------------------
+
+but the command invocation was `git diff-files myfile`, then the
+junkfile entry would be removed from the list because only "myfile"
+is under consideration.
+
+The result of comparison is passed from these commands to what is
+internally called "diffcore", in a format similar to what is output
+when the -p option is not used.  E.g.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+in-place edit  :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
+create         :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... A file4
+delete         :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
+unmerged       :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The diffcore mechanism is fed a list of such comparison results
+(each of which is called "filepair", although at this point each
+of them talks about a single file), and transforms such a list
+into another list.  There are currently 5 such transformations:
+
+- diffcore-break
+- diffcore-rename
+- diffcore-merge-broken
+- diffcore-pickaxe
+- diffcore-order
+
+These are applied in sequence.  The set of filepairs 'git diff-{asterisk}'
+commands find are used as the input to diffcore-break, and
+the output from diffcore-break is used as the input to the
+next transformation.  The final result is then passed to the
+output routine and generates either diff-raw format (see Output
+format sections of the manual for 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands) or
+diff-patch format.
+
+
+diffcore-break: For Splitting Up "Complete Rewrites"
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+The second transformation in the chain is diffcore-break, and is
+controlled by the -B option to the 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands.  This is
+used to detect a filepair that represents "complete rewrite" and
+break such filepair into two filepairs that represent delete and
+create.  E.g.  If the input contained this filepair:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and if it detects that the file "file0" is completely rewritten,
+it changes it to:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 000000 bcd1234... 0000000... D file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 0123456... A file0
+------------------------------------------------
+
+For the purpose of breaking a filepair, diffcore-break examines
+the extent of changes between the contents of the files before
+and after modification (i.e. the contents that have "bcd1234..."
+and "0123456..." as their SHA1 content ID, in the above
+example).  The amount of deletion of original contents and
+insertion of new material are added together, and if it exceeds
+the "break score", the filepair is broken into two.  The break
+score defaults to 50% of the size of the smaller of the original
+and the result (i.e. if the edit shrinks the file, the size of
+the result is used; if the edit lengthens the file, the size of
+the original is used), and can be customized by giving a number
+after "-B" option (e.g. "-B75" to tell it to use 75%).
+
+
+diffcore-rename: For Detection Renames and Copies
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This transformation is used to detect renames and copies, and is
+controlled by the -M option (to detect renames) and the -C option
+(to detect copies as well) to the 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands.  If the
+input contained these filepairs:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 000000 0123456... 0000000... D fileX
+:000000 100644 0000000... 0123456... A file0
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and the contents of the deleted file fileX is similar enough to
+the contents of the created file file0, then rename detection
+merges these filepairs and creates:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 100644 0123456... 0123456... R100 fileX file0
+------------------------------------------------
+
+When the "-C" option is used, the original contents of modified files,
+and deleted files (and also unmodified files, if the
+"\--find-copies-harder" option is used) are considered as candidates
+of the source files in rename/copy operation.  If the input were like
+these filepairs, that talk about a modified file fileY and a newly
+created file file0:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 100644 0123456... 1234567... M fileY
+:000000 100644 0000000... bcd3456... A file0
+------------------------------------------------
+
+the original contents of fileY and the resulting contents of
+file0 are compared, and if they are similar enough, they are
+changed to:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+:100644 100644 0123456... 1234567... M fileY
+:100644 100644 0123456... bcd3456... C100 fileY file0
+------------------------------------------------
+
+In both rename and copy detection, the same "extent of changes"
+algorithm used in diffcore-break is used to determine if two
+files are "similar enough", and can be customized to use
+a similarity score different from the default of 50% by giving a
+number after the "-M" or "-C" option (e.g. "-M8" to tell it to use
+8/10 = 80%).
+
+Note.  When the "-C" option is used with `\--find-copies-harder`
+option, 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands feed unmodified filepairs to
+diffcore mechanism as well as modified ones.  This lets the copy
+detector consider unmodified files as copy source candidates at
+the expense of making it slower.  Without `\--find-copies-harder`,
+'git diff-{asterisk}' commands can detect copies only if the file that was
+copied happened to have been modified in the same changeset.
+
+
+diffcore-merge-broken: For Putting "Complete Rewrites" Back Together
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This transformation is used to merge filepairs broken by
+diffcore-break, and not transformed into rename/copy by
+diffcore-rename, back into a single modification.  This always
+runs when diffcore-break is used.
+
+For the purpose of merging broken filepairs back, it uses a
+different "extent of changes" computation from the ones used by
+diffcore-break and diffcore-rename.  It counts only the deletion
+from the original, and does not count insertion.  If you removed
+only 10 lines from a 100-line document, even if you added 910
+new lines to make a new 1000-line document, you did not do a
+complete rewrite.  diffcore-break breaks such a case in order to
+help diffcore-rename to consider such filepairs as candidate of
+rename/copy detection, but if filepairs broken that way were not
+matched with other filepairs to create rename/copy, then this
+transformation merges them back into the original
+"modification".
+
+The "extent of changes" parameter can be tweaked from the
+default 80% (that is, unless more than 80% of the original
+material is deleted, the broken pairs are merged back into a
+single modification) by giving a second number to -B option,
+like these:
+
+* -B50/60 (give 50% "break score" to diffcore-break, use 60%
+  for diffcore-merge-broken).
+
+* -B/60 (the same as above, since diffcore-break defaults to 50%).
+
+Note that earlier implementation left a broken pair as a separate
+creation and deletion patches.  This was an unnecessary hack and
+the latest implementation always merges all the broken pairs
+back into modifications, but the resulting patch output is
+formatted differently for easier review in case of such
+a complete rewrite by showing the entire contents of old version
+prefixed with '-', followed by the entire contents of new
+version prefixed with '+'.
+
+
+diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent
+changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the
+-S option and the `\--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-{asterisk}'
+commands.
+
+When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
+filepairs whose "original" side has the specified string and
+whose "result" side does not.  Such a filepair represents "the
+string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
+opposite case that loses the specified string.
+
+When `\--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
+only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its
+output.  When `\--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all
+filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the
+output empty otherwise.  The latter behaviour is designed to
+make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole
+changeset easier.
+
+
+diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+This is used to reorder the filepairs according to the user's
+(or project's) taste, and is controlled by the -O option to the
+'git diff-{asterisk}' commands.
+
+This takes a text file each of whose lines is a shell glob
+pattern.  Filepairs that match a glob pattern on an earlier line
+in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and
+filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.
+
+As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably
+would look like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+README
+Makefile
+Documentation
+*.h
+*.c
+t
+------------------------------------------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-diff[1],
+linkgit:git-diff-files[1],
+linkgit:git-diff-index[1],
+linkgit:git-diff-tree[1],
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1],
+linkgit:git-log[1],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d77a45a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+gitglossary(7)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+gitglossary - A GIT Glossary
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+*
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+include::glossary-content.txt[]
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7],
+linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87e2c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+githooks(5)
+===========
+
+NAME
+----
+githooks - Hooks used by git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+$GIT_DIR/hooks/*
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Hooks are little scripts you can place in `$GIT_DIR/hooks`
+directory to trigger action at certain points.  When
+'git init' is run, a handful of example hooks are copied into the
+`hooks` directory of the new repository, but by default they are
+all disabled.  To enable a hook, rename it by removing its `.sample`
+suffix.
+
+NOTE: It is also a requirement for a given hook to be executable.
+However - in a freshly initialized repository - the `.sample` files are
+executable by default.
+
+This document describes the currently defined hooks.
+
+HOOKS
+-----
+
+applypatch-msg
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git am' script.  It takes a single
+parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit
+log message.  Exiting with non-zero status causes
+'git am' to abort before applying the patch.
+
+The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can
+be used to normalize the message into some project standard
+format (if the project has one). It can also be used to refuse
+the commit after inspecting the message file.
+
+The default 'applypatch-msg' hook, when enabled, runs the
+'commit-msg' hook, if the latter is enabled.
+
+pre-applypatch
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git am'.  It takes no parameter, and is
+invoked after the patch is applied, but before a commit is made.
+
+If it exits with non-zero status, then the working tree will not be
+committed after applying the patch.
+
+It can be used to inspect the current working tree and refuse to
+make a commit if it does not pass certain test.
+
+The default 'pre-applypatch' hook, when enabled, runs the
+'pre-commit' hook, if the latter is enabled.
+
+post-applypatch
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git am'.  It takes no parameter,
+and is invoked after the patch is applied and a commit is made.
+
+This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
+the outcome of 'git am'.
+
+pre-commit
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed
+with `\--no-verify` option.  It takes no parameter, and is
+invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and
+making a commit.  Exiting with non-zero status from this script
+causes the 'git commit' to abort.
+
+The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled, catches introduction
+of lines with trailing whitespaces and aborts the commit when
+such a line is found.
+
+All the 'git commit' hooks are invoked with the environment
+variable `GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor
+to modify the commit message.
+
+prepare-commit-msg
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git commit' right after preparing the
+default log message, and before the editor is started.
+
+It takes one to three parameters.  The first is the name of the file
+that contains the commit log message.  The second is the source of the commit
+message, and can be: `message` (if a `-m` or `-F` option was
+given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the
+configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
+commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
+(if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
+a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `\--amend` option was given).
+
+If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort.
+
+The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and
+it is not suppressed by the `\--no-verify` option.  A non-zero exit
+means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit.  It should not
+be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
+
+The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments
+out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message.
+
+commit-msg
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed
+with `\--no-verify` option.  It takes a single parameter, the
+name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message.
+Exiting with non-zero status causes the 'git commit' to
+abort.
+
+The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can
+be used to normalize the message into some project standard
+format (if the project has one). It can also be used to refuse
+the commit after inspecting the message file.
+
+The default 'commit-msg' hook, when enabled, detects duplicate
+"Signed-off-by" lines, and aborts the commit if one is found.
+
+post-commit
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git commit'.  It takes no
+parameter, and is invoked after a commit is made.
+
+This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
+the outcome of 'git commit'.
+
+pre-rebase
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a branch
+from getting rebased.
+
+
+post-checkout
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked when a 'git checkout' is run after having updated the
+worktree.  The hook is given three parameters: the ref of the previous HEAD,
+the ref of the new HEAD (which may or may not have changed), and a flag
+indicating whether the checkout was a branch checkout (changing branches,
+flag=1) or a file checkout (retrieving a file from the index, flag=0).
+This hook cannot affect the outcome of 'git checkout'.
+
+It is also run after 'git clone', unless the --no-checkout (-n) option is
+used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the
+ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1.
+
+This hook can be used to perform repository validity checks, auto-display
+differences from the previous HEAD if different, or set working dir metadata
+properties.
+
+post-merge
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git merge', which happens when a 'git pull'
+is done on a local repository.  The hook takes a single parameter, a status
+flag specifying whether or not the merge being done was a squash merge.
+This hook cannot affect the outcome of 'git merge' and is not executed,
+if the merge failed due to conflicts.
+
+This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to
+save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree
+(eg: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+for an example of how to do this.
+
+[[pre-receive]]
+pre-receive
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
+which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the
+pre-receive hook is invoked.  Its exit status determines the success
+or failure of the update.
+
+This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no
+arguments, but for each ref to be updated it receives on standard
+input a line of the format:
+
+  <old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF
+
+where `<old-value>` is the old object name stored in the ref,
+`<new-value>` is the new object name to be stored in the ref and
+`<ref-name>` is the full name of the ref.
+When creating a new ref, `<old-value>` is 40 `0`.
+
+If the hook exits with non-zero status, none of the refs will be
+updated. If the hook exits with zero, updating of individual refs can
+still be prevented by the <<update,'update'>> hook.
+
+Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
+'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
+for the user.
+
+[[update]]
+update
+~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
+which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook
+is invoked.  Its exit status determines the success or failure of
+the ref update.
+
+The hook executes once for each ref to be updated, and takes
+three parameters:
+
+ - the name of the ref being updated,
+ - the old object name stored in the ref,
+ - and the new objectname to be stored in the ref.
+
+A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated.
+Exiting with a non-zero status prevents 'git-receive-pack'
+from updating that ref.
+
+This hook can be used to prevent 'forced' update on certain refs by
+making sure that the object name is a commit object that is a
+descendant of the commit object named by the old object name.
+That is, to enforce a "fast-forward only" policy.
+
+It could also be used to log the old..new status.  However, it
+does not know the entire set of branches, so it would end up
+firing one e-mail per ref when used naively, though.  The
+<<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook is more suited to that.
+
+Another use suggested on the mailing list is to use this hook to
+implement access control which is finer grained than the one
+based on filesystem group.
+
+Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
+'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
+for the user.
+
+The default 'update' hook, when enabled--and with
+`hooks.allowunannotated` config option unset or set to false--prevents
+unannotated tags to be pushed.
+
+[[post-receive]]
+post-receive
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
+which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
+been updated.
+
+This hook executes once for the receive operation.  It takes no
+arguments, but gets the same information as the
+<<pre-receive,'pre-receive'>>
+hook does on its standard input.
+
+This hook does not affect the outcome of 'git-receive-pack', as it
+is called after the real work is done.
+
+This supersedes the <<post-update,'post-update'>> hook in that it gets
+both old and new values of all the refs in addition to their
+names.
+
+Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
+'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
+for the user.
+
+The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
+a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
+directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit
+emails.
+
+[[post-update]]
+post-update
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
+which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
+been updated.
+
+It takes a variable number of parameters, each of which is the
+name of ref that was actually updated.
+
+This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
+the outcome of 'git-receive-pack'.
+
+The 'post-update' hook can tell what are the heads that were pushed,
+but it does not know what their original and updated values are,
+so it is a poor place to do log old..new. The
+<<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook does get both original and
+updated values of the refs. You might consider it instead if you need
+them.
+
+When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
+'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb
+transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date.  If you are publishing
+a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
+probably enable this hook.
+
+Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
+'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
+for the user.
+
+pre-auto-gc
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git gc --auto'. It takes no parameter, and
+exiting with non-zero status from this script causes the 'git gc --auto'
+to abort.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c459d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+gitignore(5)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
+git should ignore.
+Note that all the `gitignore` files really concern only files
+that are not already tracked by git;
+in order to ignore uncommitted changes in already tracked files,
+please refer to the 'git update-index --assume-unchanged'
+documentation.
+
+Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
+When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
+`gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
+order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
+precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
+
+ * Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
+   them.
+
+ * Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
+   as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the
+   higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden
+   by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file.
+   These patterns match relative to the location of the
+   `.gitignore` file.  A project normally includes such
+   `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
+   files generated as part of the project build.
+
+ * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
+
+ * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
+   variable 'core.excludesfile'.
+
+Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
+be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
+other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
+to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are
+specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
+with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
+the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
+the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.  Patterns which a user wants git to
+ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
+the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
+`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.
+
+The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
+'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
+`gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
+files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level git
+tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
+use patterns from the sources specified above.
+
+Patterns have the following format:
+
+ - A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
+   for readability.
+
+ - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
+
+ - An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
+   matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
+   included again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will
+   override lower precedence patterns sources.
+
+ - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
+   purpose of the following description, but it would only find
+   a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
+   directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
+   regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
+   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
+
+ - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
+   a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
+   pathname without leading directories.
+
+ - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
+   for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
+   wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
+   For example, "Documentation/\*.html" matches
+   "Documentation/git.html" but not
+   "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html".  A leading slash matches the
+   beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches
+   "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
+
+An example:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+    $ git status
+    [...]
+    # Untracked files:
+    [...]
+    #       Documentation/foo.html
+    #       Documentation/gitignore.html
+    #       file.o
+    #       lib.a
+    #       src/internal.o
+    [...]
+    $ cat .git/info/exclude
+    # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
+    *.[oa]
+    $ cat Documentation/.gitignore
+    # ignore generated html files,
+    *.html
+    # except foo.html which is maintained by hand
+    !foo.html
+    $ git status
+    [...]
+    # Untracked files:
+    [...]
+    #       Documentation/foo.html
+    [...]
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Another example:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+    $ cat .gitignore
+    vmlinux*
+    $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
+    arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+    $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
+`arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett,
+Frank Lichtenheld, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99baa24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+gitk(1)
+=======
+
+NAME
+----
+gitk - The git repository browser
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'gitk' [<option>...] [<revs>] [--] [<path>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Displays changes in a repository or a selected set of commits. This includes
+visualizing the commit graph, showing information related to each commit, and
+the files in the trees of each revision.
+
+Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
+and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
+git repository.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+To control which revisions to show, the command takes options applicable to
+the 'git rev-list' command (see linkgit:git-rev-list[1]).
+This manual page describes only the most
+frequently used options.
+
+-n <number>::
+--max-count=<number>::
+
+	Limits the number of commits to show.
+
+--since=<date>::
+
+	Show commits more recent than a specific date.
+
+--until=<date>::
+
+	Show commits older than a specific date.
+
+--all::
+
+	Show all branches.
+
+--merge::
+
+	After an attempt to merge stops with conflicts, show the commits on
+	the history between two branches (i.e. the HEAD and the MERGE_HEAD)
+	that modify the conflicted files and do not exist on all the heads
+	being merged.
+
+--argscmd=<command>::
+	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the list of
+	<revs> to show.  The command is expected to print on its standard
+	output a list of additional revs to be shown, one per line.
+	Use this instead of explicitly specifying <revs> if the set of
+	commits to show may vary between refreshes.
+
+--select-commit=<ref>::
+
+	Automatically select the specified commit after loading the graph.
+	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+
+<revs>::
+
+	Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision
+	meaning show from the given revision and back, or it can be a range in
+	the form "'<from>'..'<to>'" to show all revisions between '<from>' and
+	back to '<to>'. Note, more advanced revision selection can be applied.
+	For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
+	"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+<path>...::
+
+	Limit commits to the ones touching files in the given paths. Note, to
+	avoid ambiguity with respect to revision names use "--" to separate the paths
+	from any preceding options.
+
+Examples
+--------
+gitk v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
+
+	Show the changes since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any
+	file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+
+gitk --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk::
+
+	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
+	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+	'gitk'
+
+gitk --max-count=100 --all \-- Makefile::
+
+	Show at most 100 changes made to the file 'Makefile'. Instead of only
+	looking for changes in the current branch look in all branches.
+
+Files
+-----
+Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences
+such as display options, font, and colors.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+'qgit(1)'::
+	A repository browser written in C++ using Qt.
+
+'gitview(1)'::
+	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+
+'tig(1)'::
+	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	in C using Ncurses.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca, and the git-list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5daf750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+gitmodules(5)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+gitmodules - defining submodule properties
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+$GIT_WORK_DIR/.gitmodules
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git
+working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
+of linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value
+is the name of the submodule. Each submodule section also contains the
+following required keys:
+
+submodule.<name>.path::
+	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git
+	working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out.
+	The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must
+	be unique within the .gitmodules file.
+
+submodule.<name>.url::
+	Defines an url from where the submodule repository can be cloned.
+
+submodule.<name>.update::
+	Defines what to do when the submodule is updated by the superproject.
+	If 'checkout' (the default), the new commit specified in the
+	superproject will be checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD.
+	If 'rebase', the current branch of the submodule will be rebased onto
+	the commit specified in the superproject. If 'merge', the commit
+	specified in the superproject will be merged into the current branch
+	in the submodule.
+	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
+	the '--merge' or '--rebase' options.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Consider the following .gitmodules file:
+
+	[submodule "libfoo"]
+		path = include/foo
+		url = git://foo.com/git/lib.git
+
+	[submodule "libbar"]
+		path = include/bar
+		url = git://bar.com/git/lib.git
+
+
+This defines two submodules, `libfoo` and `libbar`. These are expected to
+be checked out in the paths 'include/foo' and 'include/bar', and for both
+submodules an url is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-submodule[1] linkgit:git-config[1]
+
+DOCUMENTATION
+-------------
+Documentation by Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com>
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cd32d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+gitrepository-layout(5)
+=======================
+
+NAME
+----
+gitrepository-layout - Git Repository Layout
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+$GIT_DIR/*
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
+directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
+`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
+also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
+ascii file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
+real git repository).
+
+objects::
+	Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
+	an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
+	that are referred to by an object found in it are also
+	found in it), but there are couple of ways to violate
+	it.
++
+. You could populate the repository by running a commit walker
+without `-a` option.  Depending on which options are given, you
+could have only commit objects without associated blobs and
+trees this way, for example.  A repository with this kind of
+incomplete object store is not suitable to be published to the
+outside world but sometimes useful for private repository.
+. You also could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
+by cloning shallowly.  See linkgit:git-clone[1].
+. You can be using `objects/info/alternates` mechanism, or
+`$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` mechanism to 'borrow'
+objects from other object stores.  A repository with this kind
+of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
+use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
+`objects/info/alternates` points at the right object stores
+it borrows from.
+
+objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
+	Traditionally, each object is stored in its own file.
+	They are split into 256 subdirectories using the first
+	two letters from its object name to keep the number of
+	directory entries `objects` directory itself needs to
+	hold.  Objects found here are often called 'unpacked'
+	(or 'loose') objects.
+
+objects/pack::
+	Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
+	along with index files to allow them to be randomly
+	accessed) are found in this directory.
+
+objects/info::
+	Additional information about the object store is
+	recorded in this directory.
+
+objects/info/packs::
+	This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
+	are available in this object store.  Whenever a pack is
+	added or removed, `git update-server-info` should be run
+	to keep this file up-to-date if the repository is
+	published for dumb transports.  'git repack' does this
+	by default.
+
+objects/info/alternates::
+	This file records paths to alternate object stores that
+	this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
+	line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
+	but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
+	will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
+	to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
+	alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
+	paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
+	is the same. See also 'objects/info/http-alternates'.
+
+objects/info/http-alternates::
+	This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
+	this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
+	the repository is fetched over HTTP.
+
+refs::
+	References are stored in subdirectories of this
+	directory.  The 'git prune' command knows to keep
+	objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
+	its subdirectories.
+
+refs/heads/`name`::
+	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
+
+refs/tags/`name`::
+	records any object name (not necessarily a commit
+	object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
+
+refs/remotes/`name`::
+	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
+	from a remote repository.
+
+packed-refs::
+	records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
+	and friends record in a more efficient way.  See
+	linkgit:git-pack-refs[1].
+
+HEAD::
+	A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
+	describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
+	much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
+	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
+	*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
+	guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
+	(usually 'master').  It is legal if the named branch
+	'name' does not (yet) exist.  In some legacy setups, it is
+	a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
+	branch.
++
+HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
+being a symref to point at the current branch.  Such a state
+is often called 'detached HEAD', and almost all commands work
+identically as normal.  See linkgit:git-checkout[1] for
+details.
+
+branches::
+	A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
+	to specify URL to 'git fetch', 'git pull' and 'git push'
+	commands is to store a file in `branches/<name>` and
+	give 'name' to these commands in place of 'repository'
+	argument.
+
+hooks::
+	Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
+	commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
+	'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
+	default.  To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
+	removed from the filename by renaming.
+	Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about
+	each hook.
+
+index::
+	The current index file for the repository.  It is
+	usually not found in a bare repository.
+
+info::
+	Additional information about the repository is recorded
+	in this directory.
+
+info/refs::
+	This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
+	available in this repository.  If the repository is
+	published for dumb transports, this file should be
+	regenerated by 'git update-server-info' every time a tag
+	or branch is created or modified.  This is normally done
+	from the `hooks/update` hook, which is run by the
+	'git-receive-pack' command when you 'git push' into the
+	repository.
+
+info/grafts::
+	This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
+	pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
+	from how the commit was actually created.  One record
+	per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
+	listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
+	by a space and terminated by a newline.
+
+info/exclude::
+	This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
+	exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
+	ignore file.  'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
+	'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look
+	at it.  See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
+
+remotes::
+	Stores shorthands to be used to give URL and default
+	refnames to interact with remote repository to
+	'git fetch', 'git pull' and 'git push' commands.
+
+logs::
+	Records of changes made to refs are stored in this
+	directory.  See linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
+	for more information.
+
+logs/refs/heads/`name`::
+	Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
+
+logs/refs/tags/`name`::
+	Records all changes made to the tag named `name`.
+
+shallow::
+	This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used
+	and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See `--depth`
+	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-init[1],
+linkgit:git-clone[1],
+linkgit:git-fetch[1],
+linkgit:git-pack-refs[1],
+linkgit:git-gc[1],
+linkgit:git-checkout[1],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecab0c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+gittutorial-2(7)
+================
+
+NAME
+----
+gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git *
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial.
+
+The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of
+git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
+provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest
+of the git documentation.
+
+The git object database
+-----------------------
+
+Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ mkdir test-project
+$ cd test-project
+$ git init
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
+$ echo 'hello world' > file.txt
+$ git add .
+$ git commit -a -m "initial commit"
+[master (root-commit) 54196cc] initial commit
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file.txt
+$ echo 'hello world!' >file.txt
+$ git commit -a -m "add emphasis"
+[master c4d59f3] add emphasis
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+------------------------------------------------
+
+What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?
+
+We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this.
+It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under
+a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's
+contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store
+the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1
+name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since
+that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings
+here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings.
+Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings
+can be used, so long as they are unambiguous.
+
+It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while
+following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than
+the one shown above because the commit object records the time when
+it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.
+
+We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
+command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those
+from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few
+characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file -t 54196cc2
+commit
+$ git cat-file commit 54196cc2
+tree 92b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe
+author J. Bruce Fields <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org> 1143414668 -0500
+committer J. Bruce Fields <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org> 1143414668 -0500
+
+initial commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+A tree can refer to one or more "blob" objects, each corresponding to
+a file.  In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects,
+thus creating a directory hierarchy.  You can examine the contents of
+any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion
+of the SHA1 will also work):
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-tree 92b8b694
+100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad    file.txt
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA1 hash is a
+reference to that file's data:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file -t 3b18e512
+blob
+------------------------------------------------
+
+A "blob" is just file data, which we can also examine with cat-file:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file blob 3b18e512
+hello world
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in
+its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the
+directory state that was recorded by the first commit.
+
+All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git
+directory:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ find .git/objects/
+.git/objects/
+.git/objects/pack
+.git/objects/info
+.git/objects/3b
+.git/objects/3b/18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad
+.git/objects/92
+.git/objects/92/b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe
+.git/objects/54
+.git/objects/54/196cc2703dc165cbd373a65a4dcf22d50ae7f7
+.git/objects/a0
+.git/objects/a0/423896973644771497bdc03eb99d5281615b51
+.git/objects/d0
+.git/objects/d0/492b368b66bdabf2ac1fd8c92b39d3db916e59
+.git/objects/c4
+.git/objects/c4/d59f390b9cfd4318117afde11d601c1085f241
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and the contents of these files is just the compressed data plus a
+header identifying their length and their type.  The type is either a
+blob, a tree, a commit, or a tag.
+
+The simplest commit to find is the HEAD commit, which we can find
+from .git/HEAD:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ cat .git/HEAD
+ref: refs/heads/master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it
+tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself
+contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
+examine with cat-file:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ cat .git/refs/heads/master
+c4d59f390b9cfd4318117afde11d601c1085f241
+$ git cat-file -t c4d59f39
+commit
+$ git cat-file commit c4d59f39
+tree d0492b368b66bdabf2ac1fd8c92b39d3db916e59
+parent 54196cc2703dc165cbd373a65a4dcf22d50ae7f7
+author J. Bruce Fields <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org> 1143418702 -0500
+committer J. Bruce Fields <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org> 1143418702 -0500
+
+add emphasis
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The "tree" object here refers to the new state of the tree:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-tree d0492b36
+100644 blob a0423896973644771497bdc03eb99d5281615b51    file.txt
+$ git cat-file blob a0423896
+hello world!
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and the "parent" object refers to the previous commit:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file commit 54196cc2
+tree 92b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe
+author J. Bruce Fields <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org> 1143414668 -0500
+committer J. Bruce Fields <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org> 1143414668 -0500
+
+initial commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The tree object is the tree we examined first, and this commit is
+unusual in that it lacks any parent.
+
+Most commits have only one parent, but it is also common for a commit
+to have multiple parents.   In that case the commit represents a
+merge, with the parent references pointing to the heads of the merged
+branches.
+
+Besides blobs, trees, and commits, the only remaining type of object
+is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1]
+for details.
+
+So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a
+project's history:
+
+  * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the
+    snapshot of a directory tree at a particular point in the
+    history, and refer to "parent" commits to show how they're
+    connected into the project history.
+  * "tree" objects represent the state of a single directory,
+    associating directory names to "blob" objects containing file
+    data and "tree" objects containing subdirectory information.
+  * "blob" objects contain file data without any other structure.
+  * References to commit objects at the head of each branch are
+    stored in files under .git/refs/heads/.
+  * The name of the current branch is stored in .git/HEAD.
+
+Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument.
+But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different
+ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
+refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that
+tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names.
+
+In command synopses, the word "tree-ish" is sometimes used to
+designate such an argument.
+
+The index file
+--------------
+
+The primary tool we've been using to create commits is `git-commit
+-a`, which creates a commit including every change you've made to
+your working tree.  But what if you want to commit changes only to
+certain files?  Or only certain changes to certain files?
+
+If we look at the way commits are created under the cover, we'll see
+that there are more flexible ways creating commits.
+
+Continuing with our test-project, let's modify file.txt again:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ echo "hello world, again" >>file.txt
+------------------------------------------------
+
+but this time instead of immediately making the commit, let's take an
+intermediate step, and ask for diffs along the way to keep track of
+what's happening:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ hello world!
++hello world, again
+$ git add file.txt
+$ git diff
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The last diff is empty, but no new commits have been made, and the
+head still doesn't contain the new line:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff HEAD
+diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt
+index a042389..513feba 100644
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ hello world!
++hello world, again
+------------------------------------------------
+
+So 'git diff' is comparing against something other than the head.
+The thing that it's comparing against is actually the index file,
+which is stored in .git/index in a binary format, but whose contents
+we can examine with ls-files:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-files --stage
+100644 513feba2e53ebbd2532419ded848ba19de88ba00 0       file.txt
+$ git cat-file -t 513feba2
+blob
+$ git cat-file blob 513feba2
+hello world!
+hello world, again
+------------------------------------------------
+
+So what our 'git add' did was store a new blob and then put
+a reference to it in the index file.  If we modify the file again,
+we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the 'git diff'
+output:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ echo 'again?' >>file.txt
+$ git diff
+index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ hello world!
+ hello world, again
++again?
+------------------------------------------------
+
+With the right arguments, 'git diff' can also show us the difference
+between the working directory and the last commit, or between the
+index and the last commit:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff HEAD
+diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt
+index a042389..ba3da7b 100644
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@ -1 +1,3 @@
+ hello world!
++hello world, again
++again?
+$ git diff --cached
+diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt
+index a042389..513feba 100644
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ hello world!
++hello world, again
+------------------------------------------------
+
+At any time, we can create a new commit using 'git commit' (without
+the "-a" option), and verify that the state committed only includes the
+changes stored in the index file, not the additional change that is
+still only in our working tree:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -m "repeat"
+$ git diff HEAD
+diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt
+index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ hello world!
+ hello world, again
++again?
+------------------------------------------------
+
+So by default 'git commit' uses the index to create the commit, not
+the working tree; the "-a" option to commit tells it to first update
+the index with all changes in the working tree.
+
+Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of 'git add' on the index
+file:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ echo "goodbye, world" >closing.txt
+$ git add closing.txt
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The effect of the 'git add' was to add one entry to the index file:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-files --stage
+100644 8b9743b20d4b15be3955fc8d5cd2b09cd2336138 0       closing.txt
+100644 513feba2e53ebbd2532419ded848ba19de88ba00 0       file.txt
+------------------------------------------------
+
+And, as you can see with cat-file, this new entry refers to the
+current contents of the file:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file blob 8b9743b2
+goodbye, world
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The "status" command is a useful way to get a quick summary of the
+situation:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git status
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#       new file: closing.txt
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#
+#       modified: file.txt
+#
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Since the current state of closing.txt is cached in the index file,
+it is listed as "Changes to be committed".  Since file.txt has
+changes in the working directory that aren't reflected in the index,
+it is marked "changed but not updated".  At this point, running "git
+commit" would create a commit that added closing.txt (with its new
+contents), but that didn't modify file.txt.
+
+Also, note that a bare `git diff` shows the changes to file.txt, but
+not the addition of closing.txt, because the version of closing.txt
+in the index file is identical to the one in the working directory.
+
+In addition to being the staging area for new commits, the index file
+is also populated from the object database when checking out a
+branch, and is used to hold the trees involved in a merge operation.
+See linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] and the relevant man
+pages for details.
+
+What next?
+----------
+
+At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man
+pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be
+with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git].  You
+should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
+
+The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more
+comprehensive introduction to git.
+
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to
+import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a
+CVS-like way.
+
+For some interesting examples of git use, see the
+link:howto-index.html[howtos].
+
+For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
+into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for
+example, creating a new commit.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+linkgit:git-help[1],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c16066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+gittutorial(7)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git *
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make
+changes to it, and share changes with other developers.
+
+If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project,
+for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with
+the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual].
+
+First, note that you can get documentation for a command such as
+`git log --graph` with:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ man git-log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+or:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git help log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
+linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
+
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and
+public email address before doing any operation.  The easiest
+way to do so is:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name "Your Name Comes Here"
+$ git config --global user.email you@yourdomain.example.com
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+Importing a new project
+-----------------------
+
+Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work.  You
+can place it under git revision control as follows.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
+$ cd project
+$ git init
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Git will reply
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
+------------------------------------------------
+
+You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
+directory created, named ".git".
+
+Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
+current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git add .
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls
+the "index".  You can permanently store the contents of the index in the
+repository with 'git commit':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This will prompt you for a commit message.  You've now stored the first
+version of your project in git.
+
+Making changes
+--------------
+
+Modify some files, then add their updated contents to the index:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git add file1 file2 file3
+------------------------------------------------
+
+You are now ready to commit.  You can see what is about to be committed
+using 'git diff' with the --cached option:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff --cached
+------------------------------------------------
+
+(Without --cached, 'git diff' will show you any changes that
+you've made but not yet added to the index.)  You can also get a brief
+summary of the situation with 'git status':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git status
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	modified:   file1
+#	modified:   file2
+#	modified:   file3
+#
+------------------------------------------------
+
+If you need to make any further adjustments, do so now, and then add any
+newly modified content to the index.  Finally, commit your changes with:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This will again prompt you for a message describing the change, and then
+record a new version of the project.
+
+Alternatively, instead of running 'git add' beforehand, you can use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+which will automatically notice any modified (but not new) files, add
+them to the index, and commit, all in one step.
+
+A note on commit messages: Though not required, it's a good idea to
+begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character)
+line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more
+thorough description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for
+example, use the first line on the Subject: line and the rest of the
+commit in the body.
+
+Git tracks content not files
+----------------------------
+
+Many revision control systems provide an `add` command that tells the
+system to start tracking changes to a new file.  Git's `add` command
+does something simpler and more powerful: 'git add' is used both for new
+and newly modified files, and in both cases it takes a snapshot of the
+given files and stages that content in the index, ready for inclusion in
+the next commit.
+
+Viewing project history
+-----------------------
+
+At any point you can view the history of your changes using
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+If you also want to see complete diffs at each step, use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log -p
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Often the overview of the change is useful to get a feel of
+each step
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --stat --summary
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Managing branches
+-----------------
+
+A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of
+development.  To create a new branch named "experimental", use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+If you now run
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch
+------------------------------------------------
+
+you'll get a list of all existing branches:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+  experimental
+* master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The "experimental" branch is the one you just created, and the
+"master" branch is a default branch that was created for you
+automatically.  The asterisk marks the branch you are currently on;
+type
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to switch to the experimental branch.  Now edit a file, commit the
+change, and switch back to the master branch:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edit file)
+$ git commit -a
+$ git checkout master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Check that the change you made is no longer visible, since it was
+made on the experimental branch and you're back on the master branch.
+
+You can make a different change on the master branch:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edit file)
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+at this point the two branches have diverged, with different changes
+made in each.  To merge the changes made in experimental into master, run
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+If the changes don't conflict, you're done.  If there are conflicts,
+markers will be left in the problematic files showing the conflict;
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+------------------------------------------------
+
+will show this.  Once you've edited the files to resolve the
+conflicts,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+will commit the result of the merge. Finally,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk
+------------------------------------------------
+
+will show a nice graphical representation of the resulting history.
+
+At this point you could delete the experimental branch with
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch -d experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This command ensures that the changes in the experimental branch are
+already in the current branch.
+
+If you develop on a branch crazy-idea, then regret it, you can always
+delete the branch with
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git branch -D crazy-idea
+-------------------------------------
+
+Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something
+out.
+
+Using git for collaboration
+---------------------------
+
+Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in
+/home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the
+same machine, wants to contribute.
+
+Bob begins with:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This creates a new directory "myrepo" containing a clone of Alice's
+repository.  The clone is on an equal footing with the original
+project, possessing its own copy of the original project's history.
+
+Bob then makes some changes and commits them:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edit files)
+bob$ git commit -a
+(repeat as necessary)
+------------------------------------------------
+
+When he's ready, he tells Alice to pull changes from the repository
+at /home/bob/myrepo.  She does this with:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ cd /home/alice/project
+alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This merges the changes from Bob's "master" branch into Alice's
+current branch.  If Alice has made her own changes in the meantime,
+then she may need to manually fix any conflicts.
+
+The "pull" command thus performs two operations: it fetches changes
+from a remote branch, then merges them into the current branch.
+
+Note that in general, Alice would want her local changes committed before
+initiating this "pull".  If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since
+their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to
+resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the
+conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will
+refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in
+some way and pull again when this happens).
+
+Alice can peek at what Bob did without merging first, using the "fetch"
+command; this allows Alice to inspect what Bob did, using a special
+symbol "FETCH_HEAD", in order to determine if he has anything worth
+pulling, like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
+alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This operation is safe even if Alice has uncommitted local changes.
+The range notation "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" means "show everything that is reachable
+from the FETCH_HEAD but exclude anything that is reachable from HEAD".
+Alice already knows everything that leads to her current state (HEAD),
+and reviews what Bob has in his state (FETCH_HEAD) that she has not
+seen with this command.
+
+If Alice wants to visualize what Bob did since their histories forked
+she can issue the following command:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This uses the same two-dot range notation we saw earlier with 'git log'.
+
+Alice may want to view what both of them did since they forked.
+She can use three-dot form instead of the two-dot form:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This means "show everything that is reachable from either one, but
+exclude anything that is reachable from both of them".
+
+Please note that these range notation can be used with both gitk
+and "git log".
+
+After inspecting what Bob did, if there is nothing urgent, Alice may
+decide to continue working without pulling from Bob.  If Bob's history
+does have something Alice would immediately need, Alice may choose to
+stash her work-in-progress first, do a "pull", and then finally unstash
+her work-in-progress on top of the resulting history.
+
+When you are working in a small closely knit group, it is not
+unusual to interact with the same repository over and over
+again.  By defining 'remote' repository shorthand, you can make
+it easier:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+With this, Alice can perform the first part of the "pull" operation
+alone using the 'git fetch' command without merging them with her own
+branch, using:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git fetch bob
+-------------------------------------
+
+Unlike the longhand form, when Alice fetches from Bob using a
+remote repository shorthand set up with 'git remote', what was
+fetched is stored in a remote tracking branch, in this case
+`bob/master`.  So after this:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+shows a list of all the changes that Bob made since he branched from
+Alice's master branch.
+
+After examining those changes, Alice
+could merge the changes into her master branch:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git merge bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+This `merge` can also be done by 'pulling from her own remote
+tracking branch', like this:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note that git pull always merges into the current branch,
+regardless of what else is given on the command line.
+
+Later, Bob can update his repo with Alice's latest changes using
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git pull
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
+when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
+repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
+used for pulls:
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
+/home/alice/project
+-------------------------------------
+
+(The complete configuration created by 'git clone' is visible using
+`git config -l`, and the linkgit:git-config[1] man page
+explains the meaning of each option.)
+
+Git also keeps a pristine copy of Alice's master branch under the
+name "origin/master":
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git branch -r
+  origin/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+If Bob later decides to work from a different host, he can still
+perform clones and pulls using the ssh protocol:
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
+-------------------------------------
+
+Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
+see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details.
+
+Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository
+that various users push changes to; see linkgit:git-push[1] and
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+Exploring history
+-----------------
+
+Git history is represented as a series of interrelated commits.  We
+have already seen that the 'git log' command can list those commits.
+Note that first line of each git log entry also gives a name for the
+commit:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log
+commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
+Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
+
+    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
+-------------------------------------
+
+We can give this name to 'git show' to see the details about this
+commit.
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
+-------------------------------------
+
+But there are other ways to refer to commits.  You can use any initial
+part of the name that is long enough to uniquely identify the commit:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show c82a22c39c	# the first few characters of the name are
+			# usually enough
+$ git show HEAD		# the tip of the current branch
+$ git show experimental	# the tip of the "experimental" branch
+-------------------------------------
+
+Every commit usually has one "parent" commit
+which points to the previous state of the project:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^  # to see the parent of HEAD
+$ git show HEAD^^ # to see the grandparent of HEAD
+$ git show HEAD~4 # to see the great-great grandparent of HEAD
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note that merge commits may have more than one parent:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^1 # show the first parent of HEAD (same as HEAD^)
+$ git show HEAD^2 # show the second parent of HEAD
+-------------------------------------
+
+You can also give commits names of your own; after running
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
+-------------------------------------
+
+you can refer to 1b2e1d63ff by the name "v2.5".  If you intend to
+share this name with other people (for example, to identify a release
+version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see
+linkgit:git-tag[1] for details.
+
+Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
+names.  For example:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compare the current HEAD to v2.5
+$ git branch stable v2.5 # start a new branch named "stable" based
+			 # at v2.5
+$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reset your current branch and working
+			 # directory to its state at HEAD^
+-------------------------------------
+
+Be careful with that last command: in addition to losing any changes
+in the working directory, it will also remove all later commits from
+this branch.  If this branch is the only branch containing those
+commits, they will be lost.  Also, don't use 'git reset' on a
+publicly-visible branch that other developers pull from, as it will
+force needless merges on other developers to clean up the history.
+If you need to undo changes that you have pushed, use 'git revert'
+instead.
+
+The 'git grep' command can search for strings in any version of your
+project, so
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git grep "hello" v2.5
+-------------------------------------
+
+searches for all occurrences of "hello" in v2.5.
+
+If you leave out the commit name, 'git grep' will search any of the
+files it manages in your current directory.  So
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git grep "hello"
+-------------------------------------
+
+is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.
+
+Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
+in a number of ways.  Here are some examples with 'git log':
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits between v2.5 and v2.6
+$ git log v2.5..                # commits since v2.5
+$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits from the last 2 weeks
+$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits since v2.5 which modify
+				# Makefile
+-------------------------------------
+
+You can also give 'git log' a "range" of commits where the first is not
+necessarily an ancestor of the second; for example, if the tips of
+the branches "stable" and "master" diverged from a common
+commit some time ago, then
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log stable..master
+-------------------------------------
+
+will list commits made in the master branch but not in the
+stable branch, while
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log master..stable
+-------------------------------------
+
+will show the list of commits made on the stable branch but not
+the master branch.
+
+The 'git log' command has a weakness: it must present commits in a
+list.  When the history has lines of development that diverged and
+then merged back together, the order in which 'git log' presents
+those commits is meaningless.
+
+Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel,
+or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
+visualizing their history.  For example,
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
+-------------------------------------
+
+allows you to browse any commits from the last 2 weeks of commits
+that modified files under the "drivers" directory.  (Note: you can
+adjust gitk's fonts by holding down the control key while pressing
+"-" or "+".)
+
+Finally, most commands that take filenames will optionally allow you
+to precede any filename by a commit, to specify a particular version
+of the file:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
+-------------------------------------
+
+You can also use 'git show' to see any such file:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show v2.5:Makefile
+-------------------------------------
+
+Next Steps
+----------
+
+This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision
+control for your projects.  However, to fully understand the depth
+and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
+is based:
+
+  * The object database is the rather elegant system used to
+    store the history of your project--files, directories, and
+    commits.
+
+  * The index file is a cache of the state of a directory tree,
+    used to create commits, check out working directories, and
+    hold the various trees involved in a merge.
+
+Part two of this tutorial explains the object
+database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll
+need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+
+If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other
+digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
+
+  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: These convert
+    series of git commits into emailed patches, and vice versa,
+    useful for projects such as the Linux kernel which rely heavily
+    on emailed patches.
+
+  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: When there is a regression in your
+    project, one way to track down the bug is by searching through
+    the history to find the exact commit that's to blame.  Git bisect
+    can help you perform a binary search for that commit.  It is
+    smart enough to perform a close-to-optimal search even in the
+    case of complex non-linear history with lots of merged branches.
+
+  * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended
+    workflows.
+
+  * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So]
+
+  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+linkgit:git-help[1],
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef55ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+gitworkflows(7)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git *
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This document attempts to write down and motivate some of the workflow
+elements used for `git.git` itself.  Many ideas apply in general,
+though the full workflow is rarely required for smaller projects with
+fewer people involved.
+
+We formulate a set of 'rules' for quick reference, while the prose
+tries to motivate each of them.  Do not always take them literally;
+you should value good reasons for your actions higher than manpages
+such as this one.
+
+
+SEPARATE CHANGES
+----------------
+
+As a general rule, you should try to split your changes into small
+logical steps, and commit each of them.  They should be consistent,
+working independently of any later commits, pass the test suite, etc.
+This makes the review process much easier, and the history much more
+useful for later inspection and analysis, for example with
+linkgit:git-blame[1] and linkgit:git-bisect[1].
+
+To achieve this, try to split your work into small steps from the very
+beginning. It is always easier to squash a few commits together than
+to split one big commit into several.  Don't be afraid of making too
+small or imperfect steps along the way. You can always go back later
+and edit the commits with `git rebase \--interactive` before you
+publish them.  You can use `git stash save \--keep-index` to run the
+test suite independent of other uncommitted changes; see the EXAMPLES
+section of linkgit:git-stash[1].
+
+
+MANAGING BRANCHES
+-----------------
+
+There are two main tools that can be used to include changes from one
+branch on another: linkgit:git-merge[1] and
+linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1].
+
+Merges have many advantages, so we try to solve as many problems as
+possible with merges alone.  Cherry-picking is still occasionally
+useful; see "Merging upwards" below for an example.
+
+Most importantly, merging works at the branch level, while
+cherry-picking works at the commit level.  This means that a merge can
+carry over the changes from 1, 10, or 1000 commits with equal ease,
+which in turn means the workflow scales much better to a large number
+of contributors (and contributions).  Merges are also easier to
+understand because a merge commit is a "promise" that all changes from
+all its parents are now included.
+
+There is a tradeoff of course: merges require a more careful branch
+management.  The following subsections discuss the important points.
+
+
+Graduation
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As a given feature goes from experimental to stable, it also
+"graduates" between the corresponding branches of the software.
+`git.git` uses the following 'integration branches':
+
+* 'maint' tracks the commits that should go into the next "maintenance
+  release", i.e., update of the last released stable version;
+
+* 'master' tracks the commits that should go into the next release;
+
+* 'next' is intended as a testing branch for topics being tested for
+  stability for master.
+
+There is a fourth official branch that is used slightly differently:
+
+* 'pu' (proposed updates) is an integration branch for things that are
+  not quite ready for inclusion yet (see "Integration Branches"
+  below).
+
+Each of the four branches is usually a direct descendant of the one
+above it.
+
+Conceptually, the feature enters at an unstable branch (usually 'next'
+or 'pu'), and "graduates" to 'master' for the next release once it is
+considered stable enough.
+
+
+Merging upwards
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The "downwards graduation" discussed above cannot be done by actually
+merging downwards, however, since that would merge 'all' changes on
+the unstable branch into the stable one.  Hence the following:
+
+.Merge upwards
+[caption="Rule: "]
+=====================================
+Always commit your fixes to the oldest supported branch that require
+them.  Then (periodically) merge the integration branches upwards into each
+other.
+=====================================
+
+This gives a very controlled flow of fixes.  If you notice that you
+have applied a fix to e.g. 'master' that is also required in 'maint',
+you will need to cherry-pick it (using linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1])
+downwards.  This will happen a few times and is nothing to worry about
+unless you do it very frequently.
+
+
+Topic branches
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Any nontrivial feature will require several patches to implement, and
+may get extra bugfixes or improvements during its lifetime.
+
+Committing everything directly on the integration branches leads to many
+problems: Bad commits cannot be undone, so they must be reverted one
+by one, which creates confusing histories and further error potential
+when you forget to revert part of a group of changes.  Working in
+parallel mixes up the changes, creating further confusion.
+
+Use of "topic branches" solves these problems.  The name is pretty
+self explanatory, with a caveat that comes from the "merge upwards"
+rule above:
+
+.Topic branches
+[caption="Rule: "]
+=====================================
+Make a side branch for every topic (feature, bugfix, ...). Fork it off
+at the oldest integration branch that you will eventually want to merge it
+into.
+=====================================
+
+Many things can then be done very naturally:
+
+* To get the feature/bugfix into an integration branch, simply merge
+  it.  If the topic has evolved further in the meantime, merge again.
+  (Note that you do not necessarily have to merge it to the oldest
+  integration branch first.  For example, you can first merge a bugfix
+  to 'next', give it some testing time, and merge to 'maint' when you
+  know it is stable.)
+
+* If you find you need new features from the branch 'other' to continue
+  working on your topic, merge 'other' to 'topic'.  (However, do not
+  do this "just habitually", see below.)
+
+* If you find you forked off the wrong branch and want to move it
+  "back in time", use linkgit:git-rebase[1].
+
+Note that the last point clashes with the other two: a topic that has
+been merged elsewhere should not be rebased.  See the section on
+RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE in linkgit:git-rebase[1].
+
+We should point out that "habitually" (regularly for no real reason)
+merging an integration branch into your topics -- and by extension,
+merging anything upstream into anything downstream on a regular basis
+-- is frowned upon:
+
+.Merge to downstream only at well-defined points
+[caption="Rule: "]
+=====================================
+Do not merge to downstream except with a good reason: upstream API
+changes affect your branch; your branch no longer merges to upstream
+cleanly; etc.
+=====================================
+
+Otherwise, the topic that was merged to suddenly contains more than a
+single (well-separated) change.  The many resulting small merges will
+greatly clutter up history.  Anyone who later investigates the history
+of a file will have to find out whether that merge affected the topic
+in development.  An upstream might even inadvertently be merged into a
+"more stable" branch.  And so on.
+
+
+Throw-away integration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you followed the last paragraph, you will now have many small topic
+branches, and occasionally wonder how they interact.  Perhaps the
+result of merging them does not even work?  But on the other hand, we
+want to avoid merging them anywhere "stable" because such merges
+cannot easily be undone.
+
+The solution, of course, is to make a merge that we can undo: merge
+into a throw-away branch.
+
+.Throw-away integration branches
+[caption="Rule: "]
+=====================================
+To test the interaction of several topics, merge them into a
+throw-away branch.  You must never base any work on such a branch!
+=====================================
+
+If you make it (very) clear that this branch is going to be deleted
+right after the testing, you can even publish this branch, for example
+to give the testers a chance to work with it, or other developers a
+chance to see if their in-progress work will be compatible.  `git.git`
+has such an official throw-away integration branch called 'pu'.
+
+
+Branch management for a release
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Assuming you are using the merge approach discussed above, when you
+are releasing your project you will need to do some additional branch
+management work.
+
+A feature release is created from the 'master' branch, since 'master'
+tracks the commits that should go into the next feature release.
+
+The 'master' branch is supposed to be a superset of 'maint'. If this
+condition does not hold, then 'maint' contains some commits that
+are not included on 'master'. The fixes represented by those commits
+will therefore not be included in your feature release.
+
+To verify that 'master' is indeed a superset of 'maint', use git log:
+
+.Verify 'master' is a superset of 'maint'
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git log master..maint`
+=====================================
+
+This command should not list any commits.  Otherwise, check out
+'master' and merge 'maint' into it.
+
+Now you can proceed with the creation of the feature release. Apply a
+tag to the tip of 'master' indicating the release version:
+
+.Release tagging
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
+=====================================
+
+You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see
+"DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to
+others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a
+post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
+release tarballs and preformatted documentation pages.
+
+Similarly, for a maintenance release, 'maint' is tracking the commits
+to be released. Therefore, in the steps above simply tag and push
+'maint' rather than 'master'.
+
+
+Maintenance branch management after a feature release
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After a feature release, you need to manage your maintenance branches.
+
+First, if you wish to continue to release maintenance fixes for the
+feature release made before the recent one, then you must create
+another branch to track commits for that previous release.
+
+To do this, the current maintenance branch is copied to another branch
+named with the previous release version number (e.g. maint-X.Y.(Z-1)
+where X.Y.Z is the current release).
+
+.Copy maint
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git branch maint-X.Y.(Z-1) maint`
+=====================================
+
+The 'maint' branch should now be fast-forwarded to the newly released
+code so that maintenance fixes can be tracked for the current release:
+
+.Update maint to new release
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+* `git checkout maint`
+* `git merge --ff-only master`
+=====================================
+
+If the merge fails because it is not a fast-forward, then it is
+possible some fixes on 'maint' were missed in the feature release.
+This will not happen if the content of the branches was verified as
+described in the previous section.
+
+
+Branch management for next and pu after a feature release
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After a feature release, the integration branch 'next' may optionally be
+rewound and rebuilt from the tip of 'master' using the surviving
+topics on 'next':
+
+.Rewind and rebuild next
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+* `git checkout next`
+* `git reset --hard master`
+* `git merge ai/topic_in_next1`
+* `git merge ai/topic_in_next2`
+* ...
+=====================================
+
+The advantage of doing this is that the history of 'next' will be
+clean. For example, some topics merged into 'next' may have initially
+looked promising, but were later found to be undesirable or premature.
+In such a case, the topic is reverted out of 'next' but the fact
+remains in the history that it was once merged and reverted. By
+recreating 'next', you give another incarnation of such topics a clean
+slate to retry, and a feature release is a good point in history to do
+so.
+
+If you do this, then you should make a public announcement indicating
+that 'next' was rewound and rebuilt.
+
+The same rewind and rebuild process may be followed for 'pu'. A public
+announcement is not necessary since 'pu' is a throw-away branch, as
+described above.
+
+
+DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS
+---------------------
+
+After the last section, you should know how to manage topics.  In
+general, you will not be the only person working on the project, so
+you will have to share your work.
+
+Roughly speaking, there are two important workflows: merge and patch.
+The important difference is that the merge workflow can propagate full
+history, including merges, while patches cannot.  Both workflows can
+be used in parallel: in `git.git`, only subsystem maintainers use
+the merge workflow, while everyone else sends patches.
+
+Note that the maintainer(s) may impose restrictions, such as
+"Signed-off-by" requirements, that all commits/patches submitted for
+inclusion must adhere to.  Consult your project's documentation for
+more information.
+
+
+Merge workflow
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The merge workflow works by copying branches between upstream and
+downstream.  Upstream can merge contributions into the official
+history; downstream base their work on the official history.
+
+There are three main tools that can be used for this:
+
+* linkgit:git-push[1] copies your branches to a remote repository,
+  usually to one that can be read by all involved parties;
+
+* linkgit:git-fetch[1] that copies remote branches to your repository;
+  and
+
+* linkgit:git-pull[1] that does fetch and merge in one go.
+
+Note the last point.  Do 'not' use 'git pull' unless you actually want
+to merge the remote branch.
+
+Getting changes out is easy:
+
+.Push/pull: Publishing branches/topics
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git push <remote> <branch>` and tell everyone where they can fetch
+from.
+=====================================
+
+You will still have to tell people by other means, such as mail.  (Git
+provides the linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to send preformatted pull
+requests to upstream maintainers to simplify this task.)
+
+If you just want to get the newest copies of the integration branches,
+staying up to date is easy too:
+
+.Push/pull: Staying up to date
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+Use `git fetch <remote>` or `git remote update` to stay up to date.
+=====================================
+
+Then simply fork your topic branches from the stable remotes as
+explained earlier.
+
+If you are a maintainer and would like to merge other people's topic
+branches to the integration branches, they will typically send a
+request to do so by mail.  Such a request looks like
+
+-------------------------------------
+Please pull from
+    <url> <branch>
+-------------------------------------
+
+In that case, 'git pull' can do the fetch and merge in one go, as
+follows.
+
+.Push/pull: Merging remote topics
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git pull <url> <branch>`
+=====================================
+
+Occasionally, the maintainer may get merge conflicts when he tries to
+pull changes from downstream.  In this case, he can ask downstream to
+do the merge and resolve the conflicts themselves (perhaps they will
+know better how to resolve them).  It is one of the rare cases where
+downstream 'should' merge from upstream.
+
+
+Patch workflow
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you are a contributor that sends changes upstream in the form of
+emails, you should use topic branches as usual (see above).  Then use
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to generate the corresponding emails
+(highly recommended over manually formatting them because it makes the
+maintainer's life easier).
+
+.format-patch/am: Publishing branches/topics
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+* `git format-patch -M upstream..topic` to turn them into preformatted
+  patch files
+* `git send-email --to=<recipient> <patches>`
+=====================================
+
+See the linkgit:git-format-patch[1] and linkgit:git-send-email[1]
+manpages for further usage notes.
+
+If the maintainer tells you that your patch no longer applies to the
+current upstream, you will have to rebase your topic (you cannot use a
+merge because you cannot format-patch merges):
+
+.format-patch/am: Keeping topics up to date
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git pull --rebase <url> <branch>`
+=====================================
+
+You can then fix the conflicts during the rebase.  Presumably you have
+not published your topic other than by mail, so rebasing it is not a
+problem.
+
+If you receive such a patch series (as maintainer, or perhaps as a
+reader of the mailing list it was sent to), save the mails to files,
+create a new topic branch and use 'git am' to import the commits:
+
+.format-patch/am: Importing patches
+[caption="Recipe: "]
+=====================================
+`git am < patch`
+=====================================
+
+One feature worth pointing out is the three-way merge, which can help
+if you get conflicts: `git am -3` will use index information contained
+in patches to figure out the merge base.  See linkgit:git-am[1] for
+other options.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7],
+linkgit:git-push[1],
+linkgit:git-pull[1],
+linkgit:git-merge[1],
+linkgit:git-rebase[1],
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1],
+linkgit:git-send-email[1],
+linkgit:git-am[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f029f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+[[def_alternate_object_database]]alternate object database::
+	Via the alternates mechanism, a <<def_repository,repository>>
+	can inherit part of its <<def_object_database,object database>>
+	from another object database, which is called "alternate".
+
+[[def_bare_repository]]bare repository::
+	A bare repository is normally an appropriately
+	named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
+	have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
+	revision control. That is, all of the `git`
+	administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
+	hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
+	`repository.git` directory instead,
+	and no other files are present and checked out. Usually publishers of
+	public repositories make bare repositories available.
+
+[[def_blob_object]]blob object::
+	Untyped <<def_object,object>>, e.g. the contents of a file.
+
+[[def_branch]]branch::
+	A "branch" is an active line of development.  The most recent
+	<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
+	that branch.  The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
+	<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
+	is done on the branch.  A single git
+	<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
+	branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
+	associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
+	branch), and <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> points to that branch.
+
+[[def_cache]]cache::
+	Obsolete for: <<def_index,index>>.
+
+[[def_chain]]chain::
+	A list of objects, where each <<def_object,object>> in the list contains
+	a reference to its successor (for example, the successor of a
+	<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
+
+[[def_changeset]]changeset::
+	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not
+	store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
+	"changesets" with git.
+
+[[def_checkout]]checkout::
+	The action of updating all or part of the
+	<<def_working_tree,working tree>> with a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>
+	or <<def_blob_object,blob>> from the
+	<<def_object_database,object database>>, and updating the
+	<<def_index,index>> and <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> if the whole working tree has
+	been pointed at a new <<def_branch,branch>>.
+
+[[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
+	In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
+	changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
+	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is
+	performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
+	by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
+	of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
+
+[[def_clean]]clean::
+	A <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is clean, if it
+	corresponds to the <<def_revision,revision>> referenced by the current
+	<<def_head,head>>. Also see "<<def_dirty,dirty>>".
+
+[[def_commit]]commit::
+	As a noun: A single point in the
+	git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
+	set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
+	used by git in the same places other revision control systems
+	use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
+	hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
++
+As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
+state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
+state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
+to point at the new commit.
+
+[[def_commit_object]]commit object::
+	An <<def_object,object>> which contains the information about a
+	particular <<def_revision,revision>>, such as <<def_parent,parents>>, committer,
+	author, date and the <<def_tree_object,tree object>> which corresponds
+	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
+	revision.
+
+[[def_core_git]]core git::
+	Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited
+	source code management tools.
+
+[[def_DAG]]DAG::
+	Directed acyclic graph. The <<def_commit_object,commit objects>> form a
+	directed acyclic graph, because they have parents (directed), and the
+	graph of commit objects is acyclic (there is no <<def_chain,chain>>
+	which begins and ends with the same <<def_object,object>>).
+
+[[def_dangling_object]]dangling object::
+	An <<def_unreachable_object,unreachable object>> which is not
+	<<def_reachable,reachable>> even from other unreachable objects; a
+	dangling object has no references to it from any
+	reference or <<def_object,object>> in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
+
+[[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
+	Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
+	<<def_branch,branch>>.  However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>>
+	an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
+	particular branch.  In this case HEAD is said to be "detached".
+
+[[def_dircache]]dircache::
+	You are *waaaaay* behind. See <<def_index,index>>.
+
+[[def_directory]]directory::
+	The list you get with "ls" :-)
+
+[[def_dirty]]dirty::
+	A <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is said to be "dirty" if
+	it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
+	<<def_branch,branch>>.
+
+[[def_ent]]ent::
+	Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See
+	`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth
+	explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people.
+
+[[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
+	An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
+	do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
+
+[[def_fast_forward]]fast-forward::
+	A fast-forward is a special type of <<def_merge,merge>> where you have a
+	<<def_revision,revision>> and you are "merging" another
+	<<def_branch,branch>>'s changes that happen to be a descendant of what
+	you have. In such these cases, you do not make a new <<def_merge,merge>>
+	<<def_commit,commit>> but instead just update to his
+	revision. This will happen frequently on a
+	<<def_tracking_branch,tracking branch>> of a remote
+	<<def_repository,repository>>.
+
+[[def_fetch]]fetch::
+	Fetching a <<def_branch,branch>> means to get the
+	branch's <<def_head_ref,head ref>> from a remote
+	<<def_repository,repository>>, to find out which objects are
+	missing from the local <<def_object_database,object database>>,
+	and to get them, too.  See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+[[def_file_system]]file system::
+	Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system,
+	i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
+	efficiency and speed of git.
+
+[[def_git_archive]]git archive::
+	Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
+
+[[def_grafts]]grafts::
+	Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
+	together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
+	you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
+	is different from what was recorded when the commit was
+	created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
+
+[[def_hash]]hash::
+	In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+
+[[def_head]]head::
+	A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
+	<<def_branch,branch>>.  Heads are stored in
+	`$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/`, except when using packed refs. (See
+	linkgit:git-pack-refs[1].)
+
+[[def_HEAD]]HEAD::
+	The current <<def_branch,branch>>.  In more detail: Your <<def_working_tree,
+	working tree>> is normally derived from the state of the tree
+	referred to by HEAD.  HEAD is a reference to one of the
+	<<def_head,heads>> in your repository, except when using a
+	<<def_detached_HEAD,detached HEAD>>, in which case it may
+	reference an arbitrary commit.
+
+[[def_head_ref]]head ref::
+	A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
+
+[[def_hook]]hook::
+	During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made
+	to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
+	checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
+	and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
+	operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
+	`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
+	removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
+	of git you had to make them executable.
+
+[[def_index]]index::
+	A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
+	as objects. The index is a stored version of your
+	<<def_working_tree,working tree>>. Truth be told, it can also contain a second, and even
+	a third version of a working tree, which are used
+	when <<def_merge,merging>>.
+
+[[def_index_entry]]index entry::
+	The information regarding a particular file, stored in the
+	<<def_index,index>>. An index entry can be unmerged, if a
+	<<def_merge,merge>> was started, but not yet finished (i.e. if
+	the index contains multiple versions of that file).
+
+[[def_master]]master::
+	The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
+	create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
+	"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
+	cases, this contains the local development, though that is
+	purely by convention and is not required.
+
+[[def_merge]]merge::
+	As a verb: To bring the contents of another
+	<<def_branch,branch>> (possibly from an external
+	<<def_repository,repository>>) into the current branch.  In the
+	case where the merged-in branch is from a different repository,
+	this is done by first <<def_fetch,fetching>> the remote branch
+	and then merging the result into the current branch.  This
+	combination of fetch and merge operations is called a
+	<<def_pull,pull>>.  Merging is performed by an automatic process
+	that identifies changes made since the branches diverged, and
+	then applies all those changes together.  In cases where changes
+	conflict, manual intervention may be required to complete the
+	merge.
++
+As a noun: unless it is a <<def_fast_forward,fast-forward>>, a
+successful merge results in the creation of a new <<def_commit,commit>>
+representing the result of the merge, and having as
+<<def_parent,parents>> the tips of the merged <<def_branch,branches>>.
+This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
+"merge".
+
+[[def_object]]object::
+	The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
+	object can not be changed.
+
+[[def_object_database]]object database::
+	Stores a set of "objects", and an individual <<def_object,object>> is
+	identified by its <<def_object_name,object name>>. The objects usually
+	live in `$GIT_DIR/objects/`.
+
+[[def_object_identifier]]object identifier::
+	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+
+[[def_object_name]]object name::
+	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The <<def_hash,hash>>
+	of the object's contents using the Secure Hash Algorithm
+	1 and usually represented by the 40 character hexadecimal encoding of
+	the <<def_hash,hash>> of the object.
+
+[[def_object_type]]object type::
+	One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
+	"<<def_tree_object,tree>>", "<<def_tag_object,tag>>" or
+	"<<def_blob_object,blob>>" describing the type of an
+	<<def_object,object>>.
+
+[[def_octopus]]octopus::
+	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. Also denotes an
+	intelligent predator.
+
+[[def_origin]]origin::
+	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
+	at least one upstream project which they track. By default
+	'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
+	will be fetched into remote <<def_tracking_branch,tracking branches>> named
+	origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
+	`git branch -r`.
+
+[[def_pack]]pack::
+	A set of objects which have been compressed into one file (to save space
+	or to transmit them efficiently).
+
+[[def_pack_index]]pack index::
+	The list of identifiers, and other information, of the objects in a
+	<<def_pack,pack>>, to assist in efficiently accessing the contents of a
+	pack.
+
+[[def_parent]]parent::
+	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> contains a (possibly empty) list
+	of the logical predecessor(s) in the line of development, i.e. its
+	parents.
+
+[[def_pickaxe]]pickaxe::
+	The term <<def_pickaxe,pickaxe>> refers to an option to the diffcore
+	routines that help select changes that add or delete a given text
+	string. With the `--pickaxe-all` option, it can be used to view the full
+	<<def_changeset,changeset>> that introduced or removed, say, a
+	particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+
+[[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
+	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>.
+
+[[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
+	Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
+	<<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to
+	core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
+	interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
+
+[[def_pull]]pull::
+	Pulling a <<def_branch,branch>> means to <<def_fetch,fetch>> it and
+	<<def_merge,merge>> it.  See also linkgit:git-pull[1].
+
+[[def_push]]push::
+	Pushing a <<def_branch,branch>> means to get the branch's
+	<<def_head_ref,head ref>> from a remote <<def_repository,repository>>,
+	find out if it is a direct ancestor to the branch's local
+	head ref, and in that case, putting all
+	objects, which are <<def_reachable,reachable>> from the local
+	head ref, and which are missing from the remote
+	repository, into the remote
+	<<def_object_database,object database>>, and updating the remote
+	head ref. If the remote <<def_head,head>> is not an
+	ancestor to the local head, the push fails.
+
+[[def_reachable]]reachable::
+	All of the ancestors of a given <<def_commit,commit>> are said to be
+	"reachable" from that commit. More
+	generally, one <<def_object,object>> is reachable from
+	another if we can reach the one from the other by a <<def_chain,chain>>
+	that follows <<def_tag,tags>> to whatever they tag,
+	<<def_commit_object,commits>> to their parents or trees, and
+	<<def_tree_object,trees>> to the trees or <<def_blob_object,blobs>>
+	that they contain.
+
+[[def_rebase]]rebase::
+	To reapply a series of changes from a <<def_branch,branch>> to a
+	different base, and reset the <<def_head,head>> of that branch
+	to the result.
+
+[[def_ref]]ref::
+	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> or a name that
+	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. These may be stored in
+	`$GIT_DIR/refs/`.
+
+[[def_reflog]]reflog::
+	A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
+	it can tell you what the 3rd last revision in _this_ repository
+	was, and what was the current state in _this_ repository,
+	yesterday 9:14pm.  See linkgit:git-reflog[1] for details.
+
+[[def_refspec]]refspec::
+	A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
+	<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
+	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. They are combined with a colon in
+	the format <src>:<dst>, preceded by an optional plus sign, +.
+	For example: `git fetch $URL
+	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin` means "grab the master
+	<<def_branch,branch>> <<def_head,head>> from the $URL and store
+	it as my origin branch head". And `git push
+	$URL refs/heads/master:refs/heads/to-upstream` means "publish my
+	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
+	linkgit:git-push[1].
+
+[[def_repository]]repository::
+	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
+	<<def_object_database,object database>> containing all objects
+	which are <<def_reachable,reachable>> from the refs, possibly
+	accompanied by meta data from one or more <<def_porcelain,porcelains>>. A
+	repository can share an object database with other repositories
+	via <<def_alternate_object_database,alternates mechanism>>.
+
+[[def_resolve]]resolve::
+	The action of fixing up manually what a failed automatic
+	<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
+
+[[def_revision]]revision::
+	A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the
+	<<def_object_database,object database>>. It is referenced by a
+	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
+
+[[def_rewind]]rewind::
+	To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
+	<<def_head,head>> to an earlier <<def_revision,revision>>.
+
+[[def_SCM]]SCM::
+	Source code management (tool).
+
+[[def_SHA1]]SHA1::
+	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+
+[[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
+	A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
+	history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
+	words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
+	parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
+	object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
+	recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
+	upstream is much larger. A shallow repository
+	is created by giving the `--depth` option to linkgit:git-clone[1], and
+	its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+[[def_symref]]symref::
+	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>>
+	id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
+	referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
+	'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
+	references are manipulated with the linkgit:git-symbolic-ref[1]
+	command.
+
+[[def_tag]]tag::
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to a <<def_tag_object,tag>> or
+	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>. In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>,
+	a tag is not changed by a <<def_commit,commit>>. Tags (not
+	<<def_tag_object,tag objects>>) are stored in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/`. A
+	git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp tag (which would be
+	called an <<def_object_type,object type>> in git's context). A
+	tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the
+	commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
+
+[[def_tag_object]]tag object::
+	An <<def_object,object>> containing a <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to
+	another object, which can contain a message just like a
+	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>. It can also contain a (PGP)
+	signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
+
+[[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
+	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
+	identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
+	and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
+	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
+	related changes.
+
+[[def_tracking_branch]]tracking branch::
+	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
+	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
+	made to it. A tracking branch can usually be
+	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
+	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+
+[[def_tree]]tree::
+	Either a <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, or a <<def_tree_object,tree
+	object>> together with the dependent <<def_blob_object,blob>> and tree objects
+	(i.e. a stored representation of a working tree).
+
+[[def_tree_object]]tree object::
+	An <<def_object,object>> containing a list of file names and modes along
+	with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
+	<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
+
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
+	object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
+	object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+
+[[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
+	An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
+	<<def_index_entry,index entries>>.
+
+[[def_unreachable_object]]unreachable object::
+	An <<def_object,object>> which is not <<def_reachable,reachable>> from a
+	<<def_branch,branch>>, <<def_tag,tag>>, or any other reference.
+
+[[def_upstream_branch]]upstream branch::
+	The default <<def_branch,branch>> that is merged into the branch in
+	question (or the branch in question is rebased onto). It is configured
+	via branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge. If the upstream branch
+	of 'A' is 'origin/B' sometimes we say "'A' is tracking 'origin/B'".
+
+[[def_working_tree]]working tree::
+	The tree of actual checked out files.  The working tree normally
+	contains the contents of the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> commit's tree,
+	plus any local changes that you have made but not yet committed.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..34aa30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+cat <<\EOF
+GIT Howto Index
+===============
+
+Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various
+people describing how they use git in their workflow.
+
+EOF
+
+for txt
+do
+	title=`expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$'`
+	from=`sed -ne '
+	/^$/q
+	/^From:[ 	]/{
+		s///
+		s/^[ 	]*//
+		s/[ 	]*$//
+		s/^/by /
+		p
+	}
+	' "$txt"`
+
+	abstract=`sed -ne '
+	/^Abstract:[ 	]/{
+		s/^[^ 	]*//
+		x
+		s/.*//
+		x
+		: again
+		/^[ 	]/{
+			s/^[ 	]*//
+			H
+			n
+			b again
+		}
+		x
+		p
+		q
+	}' "$txt"`
+
+	if grep 'Content-type: text/asciidoc' >/dev/null $txt
+	then
+		file=`expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$'`.html
+	else
+		file="$txt"
+	fi
+
+	echo "* link:$file[$title] $from
+$abstract
+
+"
+
+done
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d527b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800
+Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes"
+Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
+ neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the
+ hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to
+ step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.
+
+The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities.
+
+ - Communication (60%)
+
+   Mailing list discussions on general design, fielding user
+   questions, diagnosing bug reports; reviewing, commenting on,
+   suggesting alternatives to, and rejecting patches.
+
+ - Integration (30%)
+
+   Applying new patches from the contributors while spotting and
+   correcting minor mistakes, shuffling the integration and
+   testing branches, pushing the results out, cutting the
+   releases, and making announcements.
+
+ - Own development (10%)
+
+   Scratching my own itch and sending proposed patch series out.
+
+The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note
+from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to
+this mailing list after each feature release is made.
+
+The policy.
+
+ - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to
+   contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including
+   functionality, performance and usability, without regression.
+
+ - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant
+   to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature
+   release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W).
+
+ - 'master' branch is used to prepare for the next feature
+   release. In other words, at some point, the tip of 'master'
+   branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.
+
+ - 'maint' branch is used to prepare for the next maintenance
+   release.  After the feature release vX.Y.Z is made, the tip
+   of 'maint' branch is set to that release, and bugfixes will
+   accumulate on the branch, and at some point, the tip of the
+   branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.1, vX.Y.Z.2, and so on.
+
+ - 'next' branch is used to publish changes (both enhancements
+   and fixes) that (1) have worthwhile goal, (2) are in a fairly
+   good shape suitable for everyday use, (3) but have not yet
+   demonstrated to be regression free.  New changes are tested
+   in 'next' before merged to 'master'.
+
+ - 'pu' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do
+   not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'.
+
+ - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always
+   fast-forward, to allow people to build their own
+   customization on top of them.
+
+ - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all
+   of 'master' and 'pu' contains all of 'next'.
+
+ - The tip of 'master' is meant to be more stable than any
+   tagged releases, and the users are encouraged to follow it.
+
+ - The 'next' branch is where new action takes place, and the
+   users are encouraged to test it so that regressions and bugs
+   are found before new topics are merged to 'master'.
+
+
+A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
+by doing the following:
+
+ - Scan mailing list and #git channel log.  Respond with review
+   comments, suggestions etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially
+   usable patches from the mailing list.  Patches about a single
+   topic go to one mailbox (I read my mail in Gnus, and type
+   \C-o to save/append messages in files in mbox format).
+
+ - Review the patches in the saved mailboxes.  Edit proposed log
+   message for typofixes and clarifications, and add Acks
+   collected from the list.  Edit patch to incorporate "Oops,
+   that should have been like this" fixes from the discussion.
+
+ - Classify the collected patches and handle 'master' and
+   'maint' updates:
+
+   - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'maint'
+     are directly applied to 'maint'.
+
+   - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'master'
+     are directly applied to 'master'.
+
+   This step is done with "git am".
+
+     $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
+     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ make test
+
+ - Merge downwards (maint->master):
+
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
+
+ - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" message, review the
+   topics scheduled for merging upwards (topic->master and
+   topic->maint), and merge.
+
+     $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
+     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. ;# final review
+     $ git diff ORIG_HEAD..   ;# final review
+     $ make test              ;# final review
+     $ git branch -d ai/topic ;# or "git branch -d ai/maint-topic"
+
+ - Merge downwards (maint->master) if needed:
+
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
+
+ - Merge downwards (master->next) if needed:
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ git merge master
+     $ make test
+
+ - Handle the remaining patches:
+
+   - Anything unobvious that is applicable to 'master' (in other
+     words, does not depend on anything that is still in 'next'
+     and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
+     is forked from the tip of 'master'.  This includes both
+     enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'.  A topic
+     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is typically
+     author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name of the
+     topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
+
+   - An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
+     topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'.  The
+     topic is named as ai/maint-topic.
+
+   - Changes that pertain to an existing topic are applied to
+     the branch, but:
+
+     - obviously correct ones are applied first;
+
+     - questionable ones are discarded or applied to near the tip;
+
+   - Replacement patches to an existing topic are accepted only
+     for commits not in 'next'.
+
+   The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
+
+     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+
+   while patch replacement is often done by:
+
+     $ git format-patch ai/topic~$n..ai/topic ;# export existing
+
+   then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
+
+     $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
+     $ git am -3 -s 000*.txt
+
+   The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
+   after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
+   as time permits.
+
+ - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
+   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
+
+   This step is helped with Meta/UWC script (where Meta/ contains
+   a checkout of the 'todo' branch).
+
+ - Merge topics to 'next'.  For each branch whose tip is not
+   merged to 'next', one of three things can happen:
+
+   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next:
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ make test
+
+   - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
+     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next:
+
+     $ git checkout next
+     $ git merge ai/topic~2   ;# the tip two are dubious
+     $ make test
+
+   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+
+ - Rebase topics that do not have any commit in next yet.  This
+   step is optional but sometimes is worth doing when an old
+   series that is not in next can take advantage of low-level
+   framework change that is merged to 'master' already.
+
+     $ git rebase master ai/topic
+
+   This step is helped with Meta/git-topic.perl script to
+   identify which topic is rebaseable.  There also is a
+   pre-rebase hook to make sure that topics that are already in
+   'next' are not rebased beyond the merged commit.
+
+ - Rebuild "pu" to merge the tips of topics not in 'next'.
+
+     $ git checkout pu
+     $ git reset --hard next
+     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# repeat for all remaining topics
+     $ make test
+
+   This step is helped with Meta/PU script
+
+ - Push four integration branches to a private repository at
+   k.org and run "make test" on all of them.
+
+ - Push four integration branches to /pub/scm/git/git.git at
+   k.org.  This triggers its post-update hook which:
+
+    (1) runs "git pull" in $HOME/git-doc/ repository to pull
+        'master' just pushed out;
+
+    (2) runs "make doc" in $HOME/git-doc/, install the generated
+        documentation in staging areas, which are separate
+        repositories that have html and man branches checked
+        out.
+
+    (3) runs "git commit" in the staging areas, and run "git
+        push" back to /pub/scm/git/git.git/ to update the html
+        and man branches.
+
+    (4) installs generated documentation to /pub/software/scm/git/docs/
+        to be viewed from http://www.kernel.org/
+
+ - Fetch html and man branches back from k.org, and push four
+   integration branches and the two documentation branches to
+   repo.or.cz
+
+
+Some observations to be made.
+
+ * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with
+   other topics cooking in 'next'.  Until it matures, none part
+   of it is merged to 'master'.
+
+ * A topic already in 'next' can get fixes while still in
+   'next'.  Such a topic will have many merges to 'next' (in
+   other words, "git log --first-parent next" will show many
+   "Merge ai/topic to next" for the same topic.
+
+ * An unobvious fix for 'maint' is cooked in 'next' and then
+   merged to 'master' to make extra sure it is Ok and then
+   merged to 'maint'.
+
+ * Even when 'next' becomes empty (in other words, all topics
+   prove stable and are merged to 'master' and "git diff master
+   next" shows empty), it has tons of merge commits that will
+   never be in 'master'.
+
+ * In principle, "git log --first-parent master..next" should
+   show nothing but merges (in practice, there are fixup commits
+   and reverts that are not merges).
+
+ * Commits near the tip of a topic branch that are not in 'next'
+   are fair game to be discarded, replaced or rewritten.
+   Commits already merged to 'next' will not be.
+
+ * Being in the 'next' branch is not a guarantee for a topic to
+   be included in the next feature release.  Being in the
+   'master' branch typically is.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74a1c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+From:	Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+To:	git@vger.kernel.org
+Cc:	Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree
+Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700
+Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the
+ public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates
+ the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works.  Also discussed
+ is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches
+ upstream.
+
+Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes:
+
+> Dear diary, on Sun, Aug 14, 2005 at 09:57:13AM CEST, I got a letter
+> where Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> told me that...
+>> Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> writes:
+>>
+>> > Junio, maybe you want to talk about how you move patches from your "pu"
+>> > branch to the real branches.
+>>
+> Actually, wouldn't this be also precisely for what StGIT is intended to?
+
+Exactly my feeling.  I was sort of waiting for Catalin to speak
+up.  With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is
+the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.
+
+I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core
+GIT tools.
+
+I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I
+wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of
+placing new things in pu first.  At the beginning, the commit
+ancestry graph looked like this:
+
+                             *"pu" head
+    master --> #1 --> #2 --> #3
+
+So I started from master, made a bunch of edits, and committed:
+
+    $ git checkout master
+    $ cd Documentation; ed git.txt ...
+    $ cd ..; git add Documentation/*.txt
+    $ git commit -s
+
+After the commit, the ancestry graph would look like this:
+
+                              *"pu" head
+    master^ --> #1 --> #2 --> #3
+          \
+            \---> master
+
+The old master is now master^ (the first parent of the master).
+The new master commit holds my documentation updates.
+
+Now I have to deal with "pu" branch.
+
+This is the kind of situation I used to have all the time when
+Linus was the maintainer and I was a contributor, when you look
+at "master" branch being the "maintainer" branch, and "pu"
+branch being the "contributor" branch.  Your work started at the
+tip of the "maintainer" branch some time ago, you made a lot of
+progress in the meantime, and now the maintainer branch has some
+other commits you do not have yet.  And "git rebase" was written
+with the explicit purpose of helping to maintain branches like
+"pu".  You _could_ merge master to pu and keep going, but if you
+eventually want to cherrypick and merge some but not necessarily
+all changes back to the master branch, it often makes later
+operations for _you_ easier if you rebase (i.e. carry forward
+your changes) "pu" rather than merge.  So I ran "git rebase":
+
+    $ git checkout pu
+    $ git rebase master pu
+
+What this does is to pick all the commits since the current
+branch (note that I now am on "pu" branch) forked from the
+master branch, and forward port these changes.
+
+    master^ --> #1 --> #2 --> #3
+          \                                  *"pu" head
+            \---> master --> #1' --> #2' --> #3'
+
+The diff between master^ and #1 is applied to master and
+committed to create #1' commit with the commit information (log,
+author and date) taken from commit #1.  On top of that #2' and #3'
+commits are made similarly out of #2 and #3 commits.
+
+Old #3 is not recorded in any of the .git/refs/heads/ file
+anymore, so after doing this you will have dangling commit if
+you ran fsck-cache, which is normal.  After testing "pu", you
+can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.
+
+While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how
+to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.
+
+Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
+
+You, as an individual developer, cloned upstream repository and
+made a couple of commits on top of it.
+
+                              *your "master" head
+   upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3
+
+You would want changes #2 and #3 incorporated in the upstream,
+while you feel that #1 may need further improvements.  So you
+prepare #2 and #3 for e-mail submission.
+
+    $ git format-patch master^^ master
+
+This creates two files, 0001-XXXX.patch and 0002-XXXX.patch.  Send
+them out "To: " your project maintainer and "Cc: " your mailing
+list.  You could use contributed script git-send-email if
+your host has necessary perl modules for this, but your usual
+MUA would do as long as it does not corrupt whitespaces in the
+patch.
+
+Then you would wait, and you find out that the upstream picked
+up your changes, along with other changes.
+
+   where                      *your "master" head
+  upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3
+    used   \
+   to be     \--> #A --> #2' --> #3' --> #B --> #C
+                                                *upstream head
+
+The two commits #2' and #3' in the above picture record the same
+changes your e-mail submission for #2 and #3 contained, but
+probably with the new sign-off line added by the upstream
+maintainer and definitely with different committer and ancestry
+information, they are different objects from #2 and #3 commits.
+
+You fetch from upstream, but not merge.
+
+    $ git fetch upstream
+
+This leaves the updated upstream head in .git/FETCH_HEAD but
+does not touch your .git/HEAD nor .git/refs/heads/master.
+You run "git rebase" now.
+
+    $ git rebase FETCH_HEAD master
+
+Earlier, I said that rebase applies all the commits from your
+branch on top of the upstream head.  Well, I lied.  "git rebase"
+is a bit smarter than that and notices that #2 and #3 need not
+be applied, so it only applies #1.  The commit ancestry graph
+becomes something like this:
+
+   where                     *your old "master" head
+  upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3
+    used   \                      your new "master" head*
+   to be     \--> #A --> #2' --> #3' --> #B --> #C --> #1'
+                                                *upstream
+                                                head
+
+Again, "git prune" would discard the disused commits #1-#3 and
+you continue on starting from the new "master" head, which is
+the #1' commit.
+
+-jc
+
+-
+To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in
+the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
+More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48c6756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+Subject: [HOWTO] Using post-update hook
+Message-ID: <7vy86o6usx.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700
+Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he
+ uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page
+ shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
+
+The pages under http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
+are built from Documentation/ directory of the git.git project
+and needed to be kept up-to-date.  The www.kernel.org/ servers
+are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on
+the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account
+when I took over git maintainership from Linus.
+
+The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:
+
+    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public git repository.
+    /pub/software/scm/git/docs/	The HTML documentation page.
+
+So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my
+home directory over there.
+
+    $ cd
+    $ mkdir doc-git && cd doc-git
+    $ git clone /pub/scm/git/git.git/ docgen
+
+What needs to happen is to update the $HOME/doc-git/docgen/
+working tree, build HTML docs there and install the result in
+/pub/software/scm/git/docs/ directory.  So I wrote a little
+script:
+
+    $ cat >dododoc.sh <<\EOF
+    #!/bin/sh
+    cd $HOME/doc-git/docgen || exit
+
+    unset GIT_DIR
+
+    git pull /pub/scm/git/git.git/ master &&
+    cd Documentation &&
+    make install-webdoc
+    EOF
+
+Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the
+public git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
+day.  The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism,
+like this:
+
+    $ cat >/pub/scm/git/git.git/hooks/post-update <<\EOF
+    #!/bin/sh
+    #
+    # An example hook script to prepare a packed repository for use over
+    # dumb transports.
+    #
+    # To enable this hook, make this file executable by "chmod +x post-update".
+
+    case " $* " in
+    *' refs/heads/master '*)
+            echo $HOME/doc-git/dododoc.sh | at now
+            ;;
+    esac
+    exec git-update-server-info
+    EOF
+    $ chmod +x /pub/scm/git/git.git/hooks/post-update
+
+There are four things worth mentioning:
+
+ - The update-hook is run after the repository accepts a "git
+   push", under my user privilege.  It is given the full names
+   of refs that have been updated as arguments.  My post-update
+   runs the dododoc.sh script only when the master head is
+   updated.
+
+ - When update-hook is run, GIT_DIR is set to '.' by the calling
+   receive-pack.  This is inherited by the dododoc.sh run via
+   the "at" command, and needs to be unset; otherwise, "git
+   pull" it does into $HOME/doc-git/docgen/ repository would not
+   work correctly.
+
+ - The stdout of update hook script is not connected to git
+   push; I run the heavy part of the command inside "at", to
+   receive the execution report via e-mail.
+
+ - This is still crude and does not protect against simultaneous
+   make invocations stomping on each other.  I would need to add
+   some locking mechanism for this.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..323b513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+Date: Fri, 9 Nov 2007 08:28:38 -0800 (PST)
+From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
+Subject: corrupt object on git-gc
+Abstract: Some tricks to reconstruct blob objects in order to fix
+ a corrupted repository.
+
+On Fri, 9 Nov 2007, Yossi Leybovich wrote:
+>
+> Did not help still the repository look for this object?
+> Any one know how can I track this object and understand which file is it
+
+So exactly *because* the SHA1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
+itself doesn't actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt
+object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.
+
+The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the
+same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes
+it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else,
+and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably
+not the same disk/machine).
+
+But since you don't seem to have backups right now, the good news is that
+especially with a single blob being corrupt, these things *are* somewhat
+debuggable.
+
+First off, move the corrupt object away, and *save* it. The most common
+cause of corruption so far has been memory corruption, but even so, there
+are people who would be interested in seeing the corruption - but it's
+basically impossible to judge the corruption until we can also see the
+original object, so right now the corrupt object is useless, but it's very
+interesting for the future, in the hope that you can re-create a
+non-corrupt version.
+
+So:
+
+> ib]$ mv .git/objects/4b/9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 ../
+
+This is the right thing to do, although it's usually best to save it under
+it's full SHA1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
+
+Let's see what that tells us:
+
+> ib]$ git-fsck --full
+> broken link from    tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
+>              to    blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+> missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+
+Ok, I removed the "dangling commit" messages, because they are just
+messages about the fact that you probably have rebased etc, so they're not
+at all interesting. But what remains is still very useful. In particular,
+we now know which tree points to it!
+
+Now you can do
+
+	git ls-tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
+
+which will show something like
+
+	100644 blob 8d14531846b95bfa3564b58ccfb7913a034323b8    .gitignore
+	100644 blob ebf9bf84da0aab5ed944264a5db2a65fe3a3e883    .mailmap
+	100644 blob ca442d313d86dc67e0a2e5d584b465bd382cbf5c    COPYING
+	100644 blob ee909f2cc49e54f0799a4739d24c4cb9151ae453    CREDITS
+	040000 tree 0f5f709c17ad89e72bdbbef6ea221c69807009f6    Documentation
+	100644 blob 1570d248ad9237e4fa6e4d079336b9da62d9ba32    Kbuild
+	100644 blob 1c7c229a092665b11cd46a25dbd40feeb31661d9    MAINTAINERS
+	...
+
+and you should now have a line that looks like
+
+	10064 blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200	my-magic-file
+
+in the output. This already tells you a *lot* it tells you what file the
+corrupt blob came from!
+
+Now, it doesn't tell you quite enough, though: it doesn't tell what
+*version* of the file didn't get correctly written! You might be really
+lucky, and it may be the version that you already have checked out in your
+working tree, in which case fixing this problem is really simple, just do
+
+	git hash-object -w my-magic-file
+
+again, and if it outputs the missing SHA1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
+
+But that's the really lucky case, so let's assume that it was some older
+version that was broken. How do you tell which version it was?
+
+The easiest way to do it is to do
+
+	git log --raw --all --full-history -- subdirectory/my-magic-file
+
+and that will show you the whole log for that file (please realize that
+the tree you had may not be the top-level tree, so you need to figure out
+which subdirectory it was in on your own), and because you're asking for
+raw output, you'll now get something like
+
+	commit abc
+	Author:
+	Date:
+	  ..
+	:100644 100644 4b9458b... newsha... M  somedirectory/my-magic-file
+
+
+	commit xyz
+	Author:
+	Date:
+
+	  ..
+	:100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M	somedirectory/my-magic-file
+
+and this actually tells you what the *previous* and *subsequent* versions
+of that file were! So now you can look at those ("oldsha" and "newsha"
+respectively), and hopefully you have done commits often, and can
+re-create the missing my-magic-file version by looking at those older and
+newer versions!
+
+If you can do that, you can now recreate the missing object with
+
+	git hash-object -w <recreated-file>
+
+and your repository is good again!
+
+(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+
+	git log --raw --all
+
+and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
+whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+just missing one particular blob version.
+
+Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
+were lucky that it's a blob. It's quite possible that you can recreate the
+thing.
+
+			Linus
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b4a390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+Date: Fri, 19 Dec 2008 00:45:19 -0800
+From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>, Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Subject: Re: Odd merge behaviour involving reverts
+Abstract: Sometimes a branch that was already merged to the mainline
+ is later found to be faulty.  Linus and Junio give guidance on
+ recovering from such a premature merge and continuing development
+ after the offending branch is fixed.
+Message-ID: <7vocz8a6zk.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org>
+References: <alpine.LFD.2.00.0812181949450.14014@localhost.localdomain>
+
+Alan <alan@clueserver.org> said:
+
+    I have a master branch.  We have a branch off of that that some
+    developers are doing work on.  They claim it is ready. We merge it
+    into the master branch.  It breaks something so we revert the merge.
+    They make changes to the code.  they get it to a point where they say
+    it is ok and we merge again.
+
+    When examined, we find that code changes made before the revert are
+    not in the master branch, but code changes after are in the master
+    branch.
+
+and asked for help recovering from this situation.
+
+The history immediately after the "revert of the merge" would look like
+this:
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x---W
+	       /
+       ---A---B
+
+where A and B are on the side development that was not so good, M is the
+merge that brings these premature changes into the mainline, x are changes
+unrelated to what the side branch did and already made on the mainline,
+and W is the "revert of the merge M" (doesn't W look M upside down?).
+IOW, "diff W^..W" is similar to "diff -R M^..M".
+
+Such a "revert" of a merge can be made with:
+
+    $ git revert -m 1 M
+
+After the developers of the side branch fix their mistakes, the history
+may look like this:
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x---W---x
+	       /
+       ---A---B-------------------C---D
+
+where C and D are to fix what was broken in A and B, and you may already
+have some other changes on the mainline after W.
+
+If you merge the updated side branch (with D at its tip), none of the
+changes made in A nor B will be in the result, because they were reverted
+by W.  That is what Alan saw.
+
+Linus explains the situation:
+
+    Reverting a regular commit just effectively undoes what that commit
+    did, and is fairly straightforward. But reverting a merge commit also
+    undoes the _data_ that the commit changed, but it does absolutely
+    nothing to the effects on _history_ that the merge had.
+
+    So the merge will still exist, and it will still be seen as joining
+    the two branches together, and future merges will see that merge as
+    the last shared state - and the revert that reverted the merge brought
+    in will not affect that at all.
+
+    So a "revert" undoes the data changes, but it's very much _not_ an
+    "undo" in the sense that it doesn't undo the effects of a commit on
+    the repository history.
+
+    So if you think of "revert" as "undo", then you're going to always
+    miss this part of reverts. Yes, it undoes the data, but no, it doesn't
+    undo history.
+
+In such a situation, you would want to first revert the previous revert,
+which would make the history look like this:
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---Y
+	       /
+       ---A---B-------------------C---D
+
+where Y is the revert of W.  Such a "revert of the revert" can be done
+with:
+
+    $ git revert W
+
+This history would (ignoring possible conflicts between what W and W..Y
+changed) be equivalent to not having W nor Y at all in the history:
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x-------x----
+	       /
+       ---A---B-------------------C---D
+
+and merging the side branch again will not have conflict arising from an
+earlier revert and revert of the revert.
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x-------x-------*
+	       /                       /
+       ---A---B-------------------C---D
+
+Of course the changes made in C and D still can conflict with what was
+done by any of the x, but that is just a normal merge conflict.
+
+On the other hand, if the developers of the side branch discarded their
+faulty A and B, and redone the changes on top of the updated mainline
+after the revert, the history would have looked like this:
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---x
+	       /                 \
+       ---A---B                   A'--B'--C'
+
+If you reverted the revert in such a case as in the previous example:
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---x---Y---*
+	       /                 \         /
+       ---A---B                   A'--B'--C'
+
+where Y is the revert of W, A' and B' are rerolled A and B, and there may
+also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  "diff Y^..Y" is similar
+to "diff -R W^..W" (which in turn means it is similar to "diff M^..M"),
+and "diff A'^..C'" by definition would be similar but different from that,
+because it is a rerolled series of the earlier change.  There will be a
+lot of overlapping changes that result in conflicts.  So do not do "revert
+of revert" blindly without thinking..
+
+ ---o---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---x
+	       /                 \
+       ---A---B                   A'--B'--C'
+
+In the history with rebased side branch, W (and M) are behind the merge
+base of the updated branch and the tip of the mainline, and they should
+merge without the past faulty merge and its revert getting in the way.
+
+To recap, these are two very different scenarios, and they want two very
+different resolution strategies:
+
+ - If the faulty side branch was fixed by adding corrections on top, then
+   doing a revert of the previous revert would be the right thing to do.
+
+ - If the faulty side branch whose effects were discarded by an earlier
+   revert of a merge was rebuilt from scratch (i.e. rebasing and fixing,
+   as you seem to have interpreted), then re-merging the result without
+   doing anything else fancy would be the right thing to do.
+
+However, there are things to keep in mind when reverting a merge (and
+reverting such a revert).
+
+For example, think about what reverting a merge (and then reverting the
+revert) does to bisectability. Ignore the fact that the revert of a revert
+is undoing it - just think of it as a "single commit that does a lot".
+Because that is what it does.
+
+When you have a problem you are chasing down, and you hit a "revert this
+merge", what you're hitting is essentially a single commit that contains
+all the changes (but obviously in reverse) of all the commits that got
+merged. So it's debugging hell, because now you don't have lots of small
+changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes.
+
+But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a
+purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real
+troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to
+"state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd,
+nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
+
+So from a technical angle, there's nothing wrong with reverting a merge,
+but from a workflow angle it's something that you generally should try to
+avoid.
+
+If at all possible, for example, if you find a problem that got merged
+into the main tree, rather than revert the merge, try _really_ hard to
+bisect the problem down into the branch you merged, and just fix it, or
+try to revert the individual commit that caused it.
+
+Yes, it's more complex, and no, it's not always going to work (sometimes
+the answer is: "oops, I really shouldn't have merged it, because it wasn't
+ready yet, and I really need to undo _all_ of the merge"). So then you
+really should revert the merge, but when you want to re-do the merge, you
+now need to do it by reverting the revert.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c32da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+To: git@vger.kernel.org
+Subject: [HOWTO] Reverting an existing commit
+Abstract: In this article, JC gives a small real-life example of using
+ 'git revert' command, and using a temporary branch and tag for safety
+ and easier sanity checking.
+Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2005 21:39:02 -0700
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+Message-ID: <7voe7g3uop.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
+
+Reverting an existing commit
+============================
+
+One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to
+break building GIT with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
+portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
+important.  Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master'
+branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and
+barebone Porcelain.
+
+First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b revert-c99 master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Now I am on the 'revert-c99' branch.  Let's figure out which commit to
+revert.  I happen to know that the top of the 'master' branch is a
+merge, and its second parent (i.e. foreign commit I merged from) has
+the change I would want to undo.  Further I happen to know that that
+merge introduced 5 commits or so:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-branch --more=4 master master^2 | head
+* [master] Merge refs/heads/portable from http://www.cs.berkeley....
+ ! [master^2] Replace C99 array initializers with code.
+--
+-  [master] Merge refs/heads/portable from http://www.cs.berkeley....
+*+ [master^2] Replace C99 array initializers with code.
+*+ [master^2~1] Replace unsetenv() and setenv() with older putenv().
+*+ [master^2~2] Include sys/time.h in daemon.c.
+*+ [master^2~3] Fix ?: statements.
+*+ [master^2~4] Replace zero-length array decls with [].
+*  [master~1] tutorial note about git branch
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The '--more=4' above means "after we reach the merge base of refs,
+show until we display four more common commits".  That last commit
+would have been where the "portable" branch was forked from the main
+git.git repository, so this would show everything on both branches
+since then.  I just limited the output to the first handful using
+'head'.
+
+Now I know 'master^2~4' (pronounce it as "find the second parent of
+the 'master', and then go four generations back following the first
+parent") is the one I would want to revert.  Since I also want to say
+why I am reverting it, the '-n' flag is given to 'git revert'.  This
+prevents it from actually making a commit, and instead 'git revert'
+leaves the commit log message it wanted to use in '.msg' file:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git revert -n master^2~4
+$ cat .msg
+Revert "Replace zero-length array decls with []."
+
+This reverts 6c5f9baa3bc0d63e141e0afc23110205379905a4 commit.
+$ git diff HEAD ;# to make sure what we are reverting makes sense.
+$ make CC=gcc-2.95 clean test ;# make sure it fixed the breakage.
+$ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The reverted change makes sense (from reading the 'diff' output), does
+fix the problem (from 'make CC=gcc-2.95' test), and does not cause new
+breakage (from the last 'make test').  I'm ready to commit:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a -s ;# read .msg into the log,
+                    # and explain why I am reverting.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+I could have screwed up in any of the above steps, but in the worst
+case I could just have done 'git checkout master' to start over.
+Fortunately I did not have to; what I have in the current branch
+'revert-c99' is what I want.  So merge that back into 'master':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout master
+$ git merge revert-c99 ;# this should be a fast-forward
+Updating from 10d781b9caa4f71495c7b34963bef137216f86a8 to e3a693c...
+ cache.h        |    8 ++++----
+ commit.c       |    2 +-
+ ls-files.c     |    2 +-
+ receive-pack.c |    2 +-
+ server-info.c  |    2 +-
+ 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
+------------------------------------------------
+
+There is no need to redo the test at this point.  We fast-forwarded
+and we know 'master' matches 'revert-c99' exactly.  In fact:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff master..revert-c99
+------------------------------------------------
+
+says nothing.
+
+Then we rebase the 'pu' branch as usual.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout pu
+$ git tag pu-anchor pu
+$ git rebase master
+* Applying: Redo "revert" using three-way merge machinery.
+First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
+Finished one cherry-pick.
+* Applying: Remove git-apply-patch-script.
+First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
+Simple cherry-pick fails; trying Automatic cherry-pick.
+Removing Documentation/git-apply-patch-script.txt
+Removing git-apply-patch-script
+Finished one cherry-pick.
+* Applying: Document "git cherry-pick" and "git revert"
+First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
+Finished one cherry-pick.
+* Applying: mailinfo and applymbox updates
+First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
+Finished one cherry-pick.
+* Applying: Show commits in topo order and name all commits.
+First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
+Finished one cherry-pick.
+* Applying: More documentation updates.
+First trying simple merge strategy to cherry-pick.
+Finished one cherry-pick.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The temporary tag 'pu-anchor' is me just being careful, in case 'git
+rebase' screws up.  After this, I can do these for sanity check:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff pu-anchor..pu ;# make sure we got the master fix.
+$ make CC=gcc-2.95 clean test ;# make sure it fixed the breakage.
+$ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Everything is in the good order.  I do not need the temporary branch
+nor tag anymore, so remove them:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ rm -f .git/refs/tags/pu-anchor
+$ git branch -d revert-c99
+------------------------------------------------
+
+It was an emergency fix, so we might as well merge it into the
+'release candidate' branch, although I expect the next release would
+be some days off:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout rc
+$ git pull . master
+Packing 0 objects
+Unpacking 0 objects
+
+* committish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
+Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
+Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
+ cache.h        |    8 ++++----
+ commit.c       |    2 +-
+ ls-files.c     |    2 +-
+ receive-pack.c |    2 +-
+ server-info.c  |    2 +-
+ 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
+------------------------------------------------
+
+And the final repository status looks like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-branch --more=1 master pu rc
+! [master] Revert "Replace zero-length array decls with []."
+ ! [pu] git-repack: Add option to repack all objects.
+  * [rc] Merge refs/heads/master from .
+---
+ +  [pu] git-repack: Add option to repack all objects.
+ +  [pu~1] More documentation updates.
+ +  [pu~2] Show commits in topo order and name all commits.
+ +  [pu~3] mailinfo and applymbox updates
+ +  [pu~4] Document "git cherry-pick" and "git revert"
+ +  [pu~5] Remove git-apply-patch-script.
+ +  [pu~6] Redo "revert" using three-way merge machinery.
+  - [rc] Merge refs/heads/master from .
+++* [master] Revert "Replace zero-length array decls with []."
+  - [rc~1] Merge refs/heads/master from .
+... [master~1] Merge refs/heads/portable from http://www.cs.berkeley....
+------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3eb8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Subject: Separating topic branches
+Abstract: In this article, JC describes how to separate topic branches.
+
+This text was originally a footnote to a discussion about the
+behaviour of the git diff commands.
+
+Often I find myself doing that [running diff against something other
+than HEAD] while rewriting messy development history.  For example, I
+start doing some work without knowing exactly where it leads, and end
+up with a history like this:
+
+            "master"
+        o---o
+             \                    "topic"
+              o---o---o---o---o---o
+
+At this point, "topic" contains something I know I want, but it
+contains two concepts that turned out to be completely independent.
+And often, one topic component is larger than the other.  It may
+contain more than two topics.
+
+In order to rewrite this mess to be more manageable, I would first do
+"diff master..topic", to extract the changes into a single patch, start
+picking pieces from it to get logically self-contained units, and
+start building on top of "master":
+
+        $ git diff master..topic >P.diff
+        $ git checkout -b topicA master
+        ... pick and apply pieces from P.diff to build
+        ... commits on topicA branch.
+
+              o---o---o
+             /        "topicA"
+        o---o"master"
+             \                    "topic"
+              o---o---o---o---o---o
+
+Before doing each commit on "topicA" HEAD, I run "diff HEAD"
+before update-index the affected paths, or "diff --cached HEAD"
+after.  Also I would run "diff --cached master" to make sure
+that the changes are only the ones related to "topicA".  Usually
+I do this for smaller topics first.
+
+After that, I'd do the remainder of the original "topic", but
+for that, I do not start from the patchfile I extracted by
+comparing "master" and "topic" I used initially.  Still on
+"topicA", I extract "diff topic", and use it to rebuild the
+other topic:
+
+        $ git diff -R topic >P.diff ;# --cached also would work fine
+        $ git checkout -b topicB master
+        ... pick and apply pieces from P.diff to build
+        ... commits on topicB branch.
+
+                                "topicB"
+               o---o---o---o---o
+              /
+             /o---o---o
+            |/        "topicA"
+        o---o"master"
+             \                    "topic"
+              o---o---o---o---o---o
+
+After I am done, I'd try a pretend-merge between "topicA" and
+"topicB" in order to make sure I have not missed anything:
+
+        $ git pull . topicA ;# merge it into current "topicB"
+        $ git diff topic
+                                "topicB"
+               o---o---o---o---o---* (pretend merge)
+              /                   /
+             /o---o---o----------'
+            |/        "topicA"
+        o---o"master"
+             \                    "topic"
+              o---o---o---o---o---o
+
+The last diff better not to show anything other than cleanups
+for crufts.  Then I can finally clean things up:
+
+        $ git branch -D topic
+        $ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# nuke pretend merge
+
+                                "topicB"
+               o---o---o---o---o
+              /
+             /o---o---o
+            |/        "topicA"
+        o---o"master"
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..622ee5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com>
+Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
+Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200
+
+Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
+themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat's dream Debian, it is
+impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send
+some feedback to the mailing list at git@vger.kernel.org to get this
+document tailored to your favorite distro.
+
+
+What's needed:
+
+- Have an Apache web-server
+
+  On Debian:
+    $ apt-get install apache2
+    To get apache2 by default started,
+    edit /etc/default/apache2 and set NO_START=0
+
+- can edit the configuration of it.
+
+  This could be found under /etc/httpd, or refer to your Apache documentation.
+
+  On Debian: this means being able to edit files under /etc/apache2
+
+- can restart it.
+
+  'apachectl --graceful' might do. If it doesn't, just stop and
+  restart apache. Be warning that active connections to your server
+  might be aborted by this.
+
+  On Debian:
+    $ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
+  or
+    $ /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
+    (which seems to do the same)
+  This adds symlinks from the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled to
+  /etc/apache2/mods-available.
+
+- have permissions to chown a directory
+
+- have git installed on the client, and
+
+- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
+  the client.
+
+In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a
+preconfigured WebDAV server.
+
+
+Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository
+-----------------------------------
+
+At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT
+repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another
+option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
+it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
+is not installed on the server).
+
+Create the directory under the DocumentRoot of the directories served
+by Apache. As an example we take /usr/local/apache2, but try "grep
+DocumentRoot /where/ever/httpd.conf" to find your root:
+
+    $ cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs
+    $ mkdir my-new-repo.git
+
+  On Debian:
+
+    $ cd /var/www
+    $ mkdir my-new-repo.git
+
+
+Initialize a bare repository
+
+    $ cd my-new-repo.git
+    $ git --bare init
+
+
+Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use "grep ^User
+httpd.conf" and "grep ^Group httpd.conf" to find out:
+
+    $ chown -R www.www .
+
+  On Debian:
+
+    $ chown -R www-data.www-data .
+
+
+If you do not know which user Apache runs as, you can alternatively do
+a "chmod -R a+w .", inspect the files which are created later on, and
+set the permissions appropriately.
+
+Restart apache2, and check whether http://server/my-new-repo.git gives
+a directory listing. If not, check whether apache started up
+successfully.
+
+
+Step 2: enable DAV on this repository
+-------------------------------------
+
+First make sure the dav_module is loaded. For this, insert in httpd.conf:
+
+    LoadModule dav_module libexec/httpd/libdav.so
+    AddModule mod_dav.c
+
+Also make sure that this line exists which is the file used for
+locking DAV operations:
+
+  DAVLockDB "/usr/local/apache2/temp/DAV.lock"
+
+  On Debian these steps can be performed with:
+
+    Enable the dav and dav_fs modules of apache:
+    $ a2enmod dav_fs
+    (just to be sure. dav_fs might be unneeded, I don't know)
+    $ a2enmod dav
+    The DAV lock is located in /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_fs.conf:
+      DAVLockDB /var/lock/apache2/DAVLock
+
+Of course, it can point somewhere else, but the string is actually just a
+prefix in some Apache configurations, and therefore the _directory_ has to
+be writable by the user Apache runs as.
+
+Then, add something like this to your httpd.conf
+
+  <Location /my-new-repo.git>
+     DAV on
+     AuthType Basic
+     AuthName "Git"
+     AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git
+     Require valid-user
+  </Location>
+
+  On Debian:
+    Create (or add to) /etc/apache2/conf.d/git.conf :
+
+    <Location /my-new-repo.git>
+       DAV on
+       AuthType Basic
+       AuthName "Git"
+       AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/passwd.git
+       Require valid-user
+    </Location>
+
+    Debian automatically reads all files under /etc/apache2/conf.d.
+
+The password file can be somewhere else, but it has to be readable by
+Apache and preferably not readable by the world.
+
+Create this file by
+    $ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git <user>
+
+    On Debian:
+      $ htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/passwd.git <user>
+
+You will be asked a password, and the file is created. Subsequent calls
+to htpasswd should omit the '-c' option, since you want to append to the
+existing file.
+
+You need to restart Apache.
+
+Now go to http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git in your
+browser to check whether it asks for a password and accepts the right
+password.
+
+On Debian:
+
+   To test the WebDAV part, do:
+
+   $ apt-get install litmus
+   $ litmus http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git <username> <password>
+
+   Most tests should pass.
+
+A command line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
+example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://..." or
+"webdavs://...".
+
+If you're into Windows, from XP onwards Internet Explorer supports
+WebDAV. For this, do Internet Explorer -> Open Location ->
+http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git [x] Open as webfolder -> login .
+
+
+Step 3: setup the client
+------------------------
+
+Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with
+libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with
+no argument should display a usage message.
+
+Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be
+asked to input your password a _lot_ of times):
+
+    machine <servername>
+    login <username>
+    password <password>
+
+...and set permissions:
+     chmod 600 ~/.netrc
+
+If you want to access the web-server by its IP, you have to type that in,
+instead of the server name.
+
+To check whether all is OK, do:
+
+   curl --netrc --location -v http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git/HEAD
+
+...this should give something like 'ref: refs/heads/master', which is
+the content of the file HEAD on the server.
+
+Now, add the remote in your existing repository which contains the project
+you want to export:
+
+   $ git-config remote.upload.url \
+       http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git/
+
+It is important to put the last '/'; Without it, the server will send
+a redirect which git-http-push does not (yet) understand, and git-http-push
+will repeat the request infinitely.
+
+
+Step 4: make the initial push
+-----------------------------
+
+From your client repository, do
+
+   $ git push upload master
+
+This pushes branch 'master' (which is assumed to be the branch you
+want to export) to repository called 'upload', which we previously
+defined with git-config.
+
+
+Using a proxy:
+--------------
+
+If you have to access the WebDAV server from behind an HTTP(S) proxy,
+set the variable 'all_proxy' to 'http://proxy-host.com:port', or
+'http://login-on-proxy:passwd-on-proxy@proxy-host.com:port'. See 'man
+curl' for details.
+
+
+Troubleshooting:
+----------------
+
+If git-http-push says
+
+   Error: no DAV locking support on remote repo http://...
+
+then it means the web-server did not accept your authentication. Make sure
+that the user name and password matches in httpd.conf, .netrc and the URL
+you are uploading to.
+
+If git-http-push shows you an error (22/502) when trying to MOVE a blob,
+it means that your web-server somehow does not recognize its name in the
+request; This can happen when you start Apache, but then disable the
+network interface. A simple restart of Apache helps.
+
+Errors like (22/502) are of format (curl error code/http error
+code). So (22/404) means something like 'not found' at the server.
+
+Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.
+
+  On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.
+
+If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL
+certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
+help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
+
+
+Debian References: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285
+
+Authors
+  Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
+  Rutger Nijlunsing <git@wingding.demon.nl>
+  Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7f8d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Carl Baldwin <cnb@fc.hp.com>
+Subject: control access to branches.
+Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2005 23:55:32 -0800
+Message-ID: <7vfypumlu3.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
+Abstract: An example hooks/update script is presented to
+ implement repository maintenance policies, such as who can push
+ into which branch and who can make a tag.
+
+When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
+git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
+developer, so is hooks/update script.  Quoting from the relevant
+section of the documentation:
+
+    Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
+    and executable, it is called with three parameters:
+
+           $GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new
+
+    The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the
+    master head this is "refs/heads/master".  Two sha1 are the
+    object names for the refname before and after the update.  Note
+    that the hook is called before the refname is updated, so either
+    sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet), or it
+    should match what is recorded in refname.
+
+So if your policy is (1) always require fast-forward push
+(i.e. never allow "git-push repo +branch:branch"), (2) you
+have a list of users allowed to update each branch, and (3) you
+do not let tags to be overwritten, then you can use something
+like this as your hooks/update script.
+
+[jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
+since I posted the original outline]
+
+-- >8 -- beginning of script -- >8 --
+
+#!/bin/bash
+
+umask 002
+
+# If you are having trouble with this access control hook script
+# you can try setting this to true.  It will tell you exactly
+# why a user is being allowed/denied access.
+
+verbose=false
+
+# Default shell globbing messes things up downstream
+GLOBIGNORE=*
+
+function grant {
+  $verbose && echo >&2 "-Grant-		$1"
+  echo grant
+  exit 0
+}
+
+function deny {
+  $verbose && echo >&2 "-Deny-		$1"
+  echo deny
+  exit 1
+}
+
+function info {
+  $verbose && echo >&2 "-Info-		$1"
+}
+
+# Implement generic branch and tag policies.
+# - Tags should not be updated once created.
+# - Branches should only be fast-forwarded unless their pattern starts with '+'
+case "$1" in
+  refs/tags/*)
+    git rev-parse --verify -q "$1" &&
+    deny >/dev/null "You can't overwrite an existing tag"
+    ;;
+  refs/heads/*)
+    # No rebasing or rewinding
+    if expr "$2" : '0*$' >/dev/null; then
+      info "The branch '$1' is new..."
+    else
+      # updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward
+      mb=$(git-merge-base "$2" "$3")
+      case "$mb,$2" in
+        "$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;;
+	*)	  noff=y; info "This is not a fast-forward update.";;
+      esac
+    fi
+    ;;
+  *)
+    deny >/dev/null \
+    "Branch is not under refs/heads or refs/tags.  What are you trying to do?"
+    ;;
+esac
+
+# Implement per-branch controls based on username
+allowed_users_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users
+username=$(id -u -n)
+info "The user is: '$username'"
+
+if test -f "$allowed_users_file"
+then
+  rc=$(cat $allowed_users_file | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' |
+    while read heads user_patterns
+    do
+      # does this rule apply to us?
+      head_pattern=${heads#+}
+      matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
+      test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
+
+      # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
+      test -n "$noff" &&
+      test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" && continue
+
+      info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
+      for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
+	info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+	matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
+	if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
+	then
+	  grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+	fi
+      done
+      deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
+    done
+  )
+  case "$rc" in
+    grant) grant >/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
+    deny)  deny  >/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
+    *) ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+allowed_groups_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-groups
+groups=$(id -G -n)
+info "The user belongs to the following groups:"
+info "'$groups'"
+
+if test -f "$allowed_groups_file"
+then
+  rc=$(cat $allowed_groups_file | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' |
+    while read heads group_patterns
+    do
+      # does this rule apply to us?
+      head_pattern=${heads#+}
+      matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
+      test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue
+
+      # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
+      test -n "$noff" &&
+      test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" && continue
+
+      info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
+      for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
+	for groupname in $groups; do
+	  info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+	  matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
+	  if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
+	  then
+	    grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+	  fi
+        done
+      done
+      deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
+    done
+  )
+  case "$rc" in
+    grant) grant >/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
+    deny)  deny  >/dev/null "Denying  access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
+    *) ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+deny >/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"
+
+-- >8 -- end of script -- >8 --
+
+This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
+allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
+whom.  The format of each file would look like this:
+
+        refs/heads/master	junio
+	+refs/heads/pu		junio
+        refs/heads/cogito$	pasky
+        refs/heads/bw/.*	linus
+        refs/heads/tmp/.*	.*
+        refs/tags/v[0-9].*	junio
+
+With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
+or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
+do master and pu branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
+can do tmp/blah branches. The '+' sign at the pu record means
+that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.
+
+------------
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e2f75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+How to use git-daemon
+
+Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is
+let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server
+real quick, right?
+
+Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
+things do not go according to plan (e.g. a socket could not be bound).
+
+Another word of warning: if you run
+
+	$ git ls-remote git://127.0.0.1/rule-the-world.git
+
+and you see a message like
+
+	fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
+
+it only means that _something_ went wrong. To find out _what_ went wrong,
+you have to ask the server. (Git refuses to be more precise for your
+security only. Take off your shoes now. You have any coins in your pockets?
+Sorry, not allowed -- who knows what you planned to do with them?)
+
+With these two caveats, let's see an example:
+
+	$ git daemon --reuseaddr --verbose --base-path=/home/gitte/git \
+	  --export-all -- /home/gitte/git/rule-the-world.git
+
+(Of course, unless your user name is `gitte` _and_ your repository is in
+~/rule-the-world.git, you have to adjust the paths. If your repository is
+not bare, be aware that you have to type the path to the .git directory!)
+
+This invocation tries to reuse the address if it is already taken
+(this can save you some debugging, because otherwise killing and restarting
+git-daemon could just silently fail to bind to a socket).
+
+Also, it is (relatively) verbose when somebody actually connects to it.
+It also sets the base path, which means that all the projects which can be
+accessed using this daemon have to reside in or under that path.
+
+The option `--export-all` just means that you _don't_ have to create a
+file named `git-daemon-export-ok` in each exported repository. (Otherwise,
+git-daemon would complain loudly, and refuse to cooperate.)
+
+Last of all, the repository which should be exported is specified. It is
+a good practice to put the paths after a "--" separator.
+
+Now, test your daemon with
+
+	$ git ls-remote git://127.0.0.1/rule-the-world.git
+
+If this does not work, find out why, and submit a patch to this document.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0953a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Date: Sat, 5 Jan 2008 20:17:40 -0500
+From: Sean <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+To: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org>
+Cc: git@vger.kernel.org
+Subject: how to use git merge -s subtree?
+Abstract: In this article, Sean demonstrates how one can use the subtree merge
+ strategy.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+Message-ID: <BAYC1-PASMTP12374B54BA370A1E1C6E78AE4E0@CEZ.ICE>
+
+How to use the subtree merge strategy
+=====================================
+
+There are situations where you want to include contents in your project
+from an independently developed project. You can just pull from the
+other project as long as there are no conflicting paths.
+
+The problematic case is when there are conflicting files. Potential
+candidates are Makefiles and other standard filenames. You could merge
+these files but probably you do not want to.  A better solution for this
+problem can be to merge the project as its own subdirectory. This is not
+supported by the 'recursive' merge strategy, so just pulling won't work.
+
+What you want is the 'subtree' merge strategy, which helps you in such a
+situation.
+
+In this example, let's say you have the repository at `/path/to/B` (but
+it can be an URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master'
+branch of that repository to the `dir-B` subdirectory in your current
+branch.
+
+Here is the command sequence you need:
+
+----------------
+$ git remote add -f Bproject /path/to/B <1>
+$ git merge -s ours --no-commit Bproject/master <2>
+$ git read-tree --prefix=dir-B/ -u Bproject/master <3>
+$ git commit -m "Merge B project as our subdirectory" <4>
+
+$ git pull -s subtree Bproject master <5>
+----------------
+<1> name the other project "Bproject", and fetch.
+<2> prepare for the later step to record the result as a merge.
+<3> read "master" branch of Bproject to the subdirectory "dir-B".
+<4> record the merge result.
+<5> maintain the result with subsequent merges using "subtree"
+
+The first four commands are used for the initial merge, while the last
+one is to merge updates from 'B project'.
+
+Comparing 'subtree' merge with submodules
+-----------------------------------------
+
+- The benefit of using subtree merge is that it requires less
+  administrative burden from the users of your repository. It works with
+  older (before Git v1.5.2) clients and you have the code right after
+  clone.
+
+- However if you use submodules then you can choose not to transfer the
+  submodule objects. This may be a problem with the subtree merge.
+
+- Also, in case you make changes to the other project, it is easier to
+  submit changes if you just use submodules.
+
+Additional tips
+---------------
+
+- If you made changes to the other project in your repository, they may
+  want to merge from your project. This is possible using subtree -- it
+  can shift up the paths in your tree and then they can merge only the
+  relevant parts of your tree.
+
+- Please note that if the other project merges from you, then it will
+  connects its history to yours, which can be something they don't want
+  to.
diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..625d315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
+
+ - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
+   are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
+   What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
+   with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
+   to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
+   thing as pathname encoding translation.
+
+ - The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences
+   of bytes.  There is no encoding translation at the core
+   level.
+
+ - The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL
+   bytes.
+
+Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
+in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
+force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
+project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
+does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
+mind.
+
+. 'git commit' and 'git commit-tree' issues
+  a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look
+  like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your
+  project uses a legacy encoding.  The way to say this is to
+  have i18n.commitencoding in `.git/config` file, like this:
++
+------------
+[i18n]
+	commitencoding = ISO-8859-1
+------------
++
+Commit objects created with the above setting record the value
+of `i18n.commitencoding` in its `encoding` header.  This is to
+help other people who look at them later.  Lack of this header
+implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.
+
+. 'git log', 'git show', 'git blame' and friends look at the
+  `encoding` header of a commit object, and try to re-code the
+  log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  You can
+  specify the desired output encoding with
+  `i18n.logoutputencoding` in `.git/config` file, like this:
++
+------------
+[i18n]
+	logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1
+------------
++
+If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
+`i18n.commitencoding` is used instead.
+
+Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
+message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit
+object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a
+reversible operation.
diff --git a/Documentation/install-doc-quick.sh b/Documentation/install-doc-quick.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..35f4408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/install-doc-quick.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# This requires a branch named in $head
+# (usually 'man' or 'html', provided by the git.git repository)
+set -e
+head="$1"
+mandir="$2"
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=t
+USAGE='<refname> <target directory>'
+. "$(git --exec-path)"/git-sh-setup
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+test -z "$mandir" && usage
+if ! git rev-parse --verify "$head^0" >/dev/null; then
+	echo >&2 "head: $head does not exist in the current repository"
+	usage
+fi
+
+GIT_INDEX_FILE=`pwd`/.quick-doc.index
+export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
+trap 'rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"' 0
+
+git read-tree $head
+git checkout-index -a -f --prefix="$mandir"/
+
+if test -n "$GZ"; then
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only $head |
+	xargs printf "$mandir/%s\n" |
+	xargs gzip -f
+fi
+rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
diff --git a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2135a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+T="$1"
+
+for h in \
+	*.txt *.html \
+	howto/*.txt howto/*.html \
+	technical/*.txt technical/*.html \
+	RelNotes-*.txt *.css
+do
+	if test ! -f "$h"
+	then
+		: did not match
+	elif test -f "$T/$h" &&
+	   diff -u -I'Last updated [0-9][0-9]-[A-Z][a-z][a-z]-' "$T/$h" "$h"
+	then
+		:; # up to date
+	else
+		echo >&2 "# install $h $T/$h"
+		rm -f "$T/$h"
+		mkdir -p `dirname "$T/$h"`
+		cp "$h" "$T/$h"
+	fi
+done
+strip_leading=`echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g'`
+for th in \
+	"$T"/*.html "$T"/*.txt \
+	"$T"/howto/*.txt "$T"/howto/*.html \
+	"$T"/technical/*.txt "$T"/technical/*.html
+do
+	h=`expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)'`
+	case "$h" in
+	index.html) continue ;;
+	esac
+	test -f "$h" && continue
+	echo >&2 "# rm -f $th"
+	rm -f "$th"
+done
+ln -sf git.html "$T/index.html"
diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..288f04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at
+the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
+is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to
+canonical real names and email addresses.
+
+In the simple form, each line in the file consists of the canonical
+real name of an author, whitespace, and an email address used in the
+commit (enclosed by '<' and '>') to map to the name. For example:
+--
+	Proper Name <commit@email.xx>
+--
+
+The more complex forms are:
+--
+	<proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx>
+--
+which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and:
+--
+	Proper Name <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx>
+--
+which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a
+commit matching the specified commit email address, and:
+--
+	Proper Name <proper@email.xx> Commit Name <commit@email.xx>
+--
+which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a
+commit matching both the specified commit name and email address.
+
+Example 1: Your history contains commits by two authors, Jane
+and Joe, whose names appear in the repository under several forms:
+
+------------
+Joe Developer <joe@example.com>
+Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
+Jane Doe <jane@example.com>
+Jane Doe <jane@laptop.(none)>
+Jane D. <jane@desktop.(none)>
+------------
+
+Now suppose that Joe wants his middle name initial used, and Jane
+prefers her family name fully spelled out. A proper `.mailmap` file
+would look like:
+
+------------
+Jane Doe         <jane@desktop.(none)>
+Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
+------------
+
+Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the
+real name of that author is already correct.
+
+Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following
+authors:
+
+------------
+nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+nick2 <bugs@company.xx>
+nick2 <nick2@company.xx>
+santa <me@company.xx>
+claus <me@company.xx>
+CTO <cto@coompany.xx>
+------------
+
+Then you might want a `.mailmap` file that looks like:
+------------
+<cto@company.xx>                       <cto@coompany.xx>
+Some Dude <some@dude.xx>         nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+Other Author <other@author.xx>   nick2 <bugs@company.xx>
+Other Author <other@author.xx>         <nick2@company.xx>
+Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> <me@company.xx>
+------------
+
+Use hash '#' for comments that are either on their own line, or after
+the email address.
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-1.72.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-1.72.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4d315c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-1.72.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!-- manpage-1.72.xsl:
+     special settings for manpages rendered from asciidoc+docbook
+     handles peculiarities in docbook-xsl 1.72.0 -->
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<xsl:import href="manpage-base.xsl"/>
+
+<!-- these are the special values for the roff control characters
+     needed for docbook-xsl 1.72.0 -->
+<xsl:param name="git.docbook.backslash">&#x2593;</xsl:param>
+<xsl:param name="git.docbook.dot"      >&#x2302;</xsl:param>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-base-url.xsl.in b/Documentation/manpage-base-url.xsl.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e800904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-base-url.xsl.in
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!-- manpage-base-url.xsl:
+     special settings for manpages rendered from newer docbook -->
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<!-- set a base URL for relative links -->
+<xsl:param name="man.base.url.for.relative.links"
+	>@@MAN_BASE_URL@@</xsl:param>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-base.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-base.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a264fa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-base.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<!-- manpage-base.xsl:
+     special formatting for manpages rendered from asciidoc+docbook -->
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<!-- these params silence some output from xmlto -->
+<xsl:param name="man.output.quietly" select="1"/>
+<xsl:param name="refentry.meta.get.quietly" select="1"/>
+
+<!-- convert asciidoc callouts to man page format;
+     git.docbook.backslash and git.docbook.dot params
+     must be supplied by another XSL file or other means -->
+<xsl:template match="co">
+	<xsl:value-of select="concat(
+			      $git.docbook.backslash,'fB(',
+			      substring-after(@id,'-'),')',
+			      $git.docbook.backslash,'fR')"/>
+</xsl:template>
+<xsl:template match="calloutlist">
+	<xsl:value-of select="$git.docbook.dot"/>
+	<xsl:text>sp&#10;</xsl:text>
+	<xsl:apply-templates/>
+	<xsl:text>&#10;</xsl:text>
+</xsl:template>
+<xsl:template match="callout">
+	<xsl:value-of select="concat(
+			      $git.docbook.backslash,'fB',
+			      substring-after(@arearefs,'-'),
+			      '. ',$git.docbook.backslash,'fR')"/>
+	<xsl:apply-templates/>
+	<xsl:value-of select="$git.docbook.dot"/>
+	<xsl:text>br&#10;</xsl:text>
+</xsl:template>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..608eb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-bold-literal.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!-- manpage-bold-literal.xsl:
+     special formatting for manpages rendered from asciidoc+docbook -->
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<!-- render literal text as bold (instead of plain or monospace);
+     this makes literal text easier to distinguish in manpages
+     viewed on a tty -->
+<xsl:template match="literal">
+	<xsl:value-of select="$git.docbook.backslash"/>
+	<xsl:text>fB</xsl:text>
+	<xsl:apply-templates/>
+	<xsl:value-of select="$git.docbook.backslash"/>
+	<xsl:text>fR</xsl:text>
+</xsl:template>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a48f5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!-- manpage-normal.xsl:
+     special settings for manpages rendered from asciidoc+docbook
+     handles anything we want to keep away from docbook-xsl 1.72.0 -->
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<xsl:import href="manpage-base.xsl"/>
+
+<!-- these are the normal values for the roff control characters -->
+<xsl:param name="git.docbook.backslash">\</xsl:param>
+<xsl:param name="git.docbook.dot"	>.</xsl:param>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-quote-apos.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-quote-apos.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeb8839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-quote-apos.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<!-- work around newer groff/man setups using a prettier apostrophe
+     that unfortunately does not quote anything when cut&pasting
+     examples to the shell -->
+<xsl:template name="escape.apostrophe">
+  <xsl:param name="content"/>
+  <xsl:call-template name="string.subst">
+    <xsl:with-param name="string" select="$content"/>
+    <xsl:with-param name="target">'</xsl:with-param>
+    <xsl:with-param name="replacement">\(aq</xsl:with-param>
+  </xsl:call-template>
+</xsl:template>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-suppress-sp.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-suppress-sp.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a63c763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/manpage-suppress-sp.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!-- manpage-suppress-sp.xsl:
+     special settings for manpages rendered from asciidoc+docbook
+     handles erroneous, inline .sp in manpage output of some
+     versions of docbook-xsl -->
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+		version="1.0">
+
+<!-- attempt to work around spurious .sp at the tail of the line
+     that some versions of docbook stylesheets seem to add -->
+<xsl:template match="simpara">
+  <xsl:variable name="content">
+    <xsl:apply-templates/>
+  </xsl:variable>
+  <xsl:value-of select="normalize-space($content)"/>
+  <xsl:if test="not(ancestor::authorblurb) and
+                not(ancestor::personblurb)">
+    <xsl:text>&#10;&#10;</xsl:text>
+  </xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a403155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+merge.conflictstyle::
+	Specify the style in which conflicted hunks are written out to
+	working tree files upon merge.  The default is "merge", which
+	shows a `<<<<<<<` conflict marker, changes made by one side,
+	a `=======` marker, changes made by the other side, and then
+	a `>>>>>>>` marker.  An alternate style, "diff3", adds a `|||||||`
+	marker and the original text before the `=======` marker.
+
+merge.log::
+	Whether to include summaries of merged commits in newly created
+	merge commit messages. False by default.
+
+merge.renameLimit::
+	The number of files to consider when performing rename detection
+	during a merge; if not specified, defaults to the value of
+	diff.renameLimit.
+
+merge.stat::
+	Whether to print the diffstat between ORIG_HEAD and the merge result
+	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
+
+merge.tool::
+	Controls which merge resolution program is used by
+	linkgit:git-mergetool[1].  Valid built-in values are: "kdiff3",
+	"tkdiff", "meld", "xxdiff", "emerge", "vimdiff", "gvimdiff",
+	"diffuse", "ecmerge", "tortoisemerge", "p4merge", "araxis" and
+	"opendiff".  Any other value is treated is custom merge tool
+	and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option.
+
+merge.verbosity::
+	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
+	strategy.  Level 0 outputs nothing except a final error
+	message if conflicts were detected. Level 1 outputs only
+	conflicts, 2 outputs conflicts and file changes.  Level 5 and
+	above outputs debugging information.  The default is level 2.
+	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY' environment variable.
+
+merge.<driver>.name::
+	Defines a human-readable name for a custom low-level
+	merge driver.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
+
+merge.<driver>.driver::
+	Defines the command that implements a custom low-level
+	merge driver.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
+
+merge.<driver>.recursive::
+	Names a low-level merge driver to be used when
+	performing an internal merge between common ancestors.
+	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b83dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+--commit::
+--no-commit::
+	Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can
+	be used to override --no-commit.
++
+With --no-commit perform the merge but pretend the merge
+failed and do not autocommit, to give the user a chance to
+inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
+
+--ff::
+--no-ff::
+	Do not generate a merge commit if the merge resolved as
+	a fast-forward, only update the branch pointer. This is
+	the default behavior of git-merge.
++
+With --no-ff Generate a merge commit even if the merge
+resolved as a fast-forward.
+
+--log::
+--no-log::
+	In addition to branch names, populate the log message with
+	one-line descriptions from the actual commits that are being
+	merged.
++
+With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the
+actual commits being merged.
+
+
+--stat::
+-n::
+--no-stat::
+	Show a diffstat at the end of the merge. The diffstat is also
+	controlled by the configuration option merge.stat.
++
+With -n or --no-stat do not show a diffstat at the end of the
+merge.
+
+--squash::
+--no-squash::
+	Produce the working tree and index state as if a real
+	merge happened (except for the merge information),
+	but do not actually make a commit or
+	move the `HEAD`, nor record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD` to
+	cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge
+	commit.  This allows you to create a single commit on
+	top of the current branch whose effect is the same as
+	merging another branch (or more in case of an octopus).
++
+With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This
+option can be used to override --squash.
+
+--ff-only::
+	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
+	current `HEAD` is already up-to-date or the merge can be
+	resolved as a fast-forward.
+
+-s <strategy>::
+--strategy=<strategy>::
+	Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than
+	once to specify them in the order they should be tried.
+	If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies
+	is used instead ('git merge-recursive' when merging a single
+	head, 'git merge-octopus' otherwise).
+
+--summary::
+--no-summary::
+	Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be
+	removed in the future.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Operate quietly.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Be verbose.
+
+-X <option>::
+--strategy-option=<option>::
+	Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge
+	strategy.
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5bc1db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+MERGE STRATEGIES
+----------------
+
+The merge mechanism ('git-merge' and 'git-pull' commands) allows the
+backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option.  Some strategies
+can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>`
+arguments to 'git-merge' and/or 'git-pull'.
+
+resolve::
+	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
+	and another branch you pulled from) using a 3-way merge
+	algorithm.  It tries to carefully detect criss-cross
+	merge ambiguities and is considered generally safe and
+	fast.
+
+recursive::
+	This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge
+	algorithm.  When there is more than one common
+	ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a
+	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
+	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
+	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
+	causing mis-merges by tests done on actual merge commits
+	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
+	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
+	renames.  This is the default merge strategy when
+	pulling or merging one branch.
++
+The 'recursive' strategy can take the following options:
+
+ours;;
+	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
+	favoring 'our' version.  Changes from the other tree that do not
+	conflict with our side are reflected to the merge result.
++
+This should not be confused with the 'ours' merge strategy, which does not
+even look at what the other tree contains at all.  It discards everything
+the other tree did, declaring 'our' history contains all that happened in it.
+
+theirs;;
+	This is opposite of 'ours'.
+
+subtree[=path];;
+	This option is a more advanced form of 'subtree' strategy, where
+	the strategy makes a guess on how two trees must be shifted to
+	match with each other when merging.  Instead, the specified path
+	is prefixed (or stripped from the beginning) to make the shape of
+	two trees to match.
+
+octopus::
+	This resolves cases with more than two heads, but refuses to do
+	a complex merge that needs manual resolution.  It is
+	primarily meant to be used for bundling topic branch
+	heads together.  This is the default merge strategy when
+	pulling or merging more than one branch.
+
+ours::
+	This resolves any number of heads, but the resulting tree of the
+	merge is always that of the current branch head, effectively
+	ignoring all changes from all other branches.  It is meant to
+	be used to supersede old development history of side
+	branches.  Note that this is different from the -Xours option to
+	the 'recursive' merge strategy.
+
+subtree::
+	This is a modified recursive strategy. When merging trees A and
+	B, if B corresponds to a subtree of A, B is first adjusted to
+	match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at
+	the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common
+	ancestor tree.
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1686a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+PRETTY FORMATS
+--------------
+
+If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
+is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
+inserted before the 'Author:' line.  This line begins with
+"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
+separated by spaces.  Note that the listed commits may not
+necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
+have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
+only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
+file.
+
+Here are some additional details for each format:
+
+* 'oneline'
+
+	  <sha1> <title line>
++
+This is designed to be as compact as possible.
+
+* 'short'
+
+	  commit <sha1>
+	  Author: <author>
+
+	      <title line>
+
+* 'medium'
+
+	  commit <sha1>
+	  Author: <author>
+	  Date:   <author date>
+
+	      <title line>
+
+	      <full commit message>
+
+* 'full'
+
+	  commit <sha1>
+	  Author: <author>
+	  Commit: <committer>
+
+	      <title line>
+
+	      <full commit message>
+
+* 'fuller'
+
+	  commit <sha1>
+	  Author:     <author>
+	  AuthorDate: <author date>
+	  Commit:     <committer>
+	  CommitDate: <committer date>
+
+	       <title line>
+
+	       <full commit message>
+
+* 'email'
+
+	  From <sha1> <date>
+	  From: <author>
+	  Date: <author date>
+	  Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
+
+	  <full commit message>
+
+* 'raw'
++
+The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
+displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
+--no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
+true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
+simplification into account.
+
+* 'format:'
++
+The 'format:' format allows you to specify which information
+you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
+with the notable exception that you get a newline with '%n'
+instead of '\n'.
++
+E.g, 'format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"'
+would show something like this:
++
+-------
+The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
+The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
+
+--------
++
+The placeholders are:
+
+- '%H': commit hash
+- '%h': abbreviated commit hash
+- '%T': tree hash
+- '%t': abbreviated tree hash
+- '%P': parent hashes
+- '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
+- '%an': author name
+- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%ae': author email
+- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
+- '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
+- '%ar': author date, relative
+- '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
+- '%ai': author date, ISO 8601 format
+- '%cn': committer name
+- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%ce': committer email
+- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cd': committer date
+- '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
+- '%cr': committer date, relative
+- '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
+- '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601 format
+- '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
+- '%e': encoding
+- '%s': subject
+- '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
+- '%b': body
+- '%N': commit notes
+- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@\{1\}`
+- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@\{1\}`
+- '%gs': reflog subject
+- '%Cred': switch color to red
+- '%Cgreen': switch color to green
+- '%Cblue': switch color to blue
+- '%Creset': reset color
+- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
+- '%m': left, right or boundary mark
+- '%n': newline
+- '%%': a raw '%'
+- '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
+- '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+
+NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
+revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
+insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
+`git log -g`). The `%d` placeholder will use the "short" decoration
+format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command line.
+
+If you add a `{plus}` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
+is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
+placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
+
+If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, line-feeds that
+immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
+placeholder expands to an empty string.
+
+* 'tformat:'
++
+The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it
+provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
+other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
+newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
+This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
+terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
+For example:
++
+---------------------
+$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
+  | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
+4da45be
+7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
+
+$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
+  | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
+4da45be
+7134973
+---------------------
++
+In addition, any unrecognized string that has a `%` in it is interpreted
+as if it has `tformat:` in front of it.  For example, these two are
+equivalent:
++
+---------------------
+$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
+$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
+---------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa96cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+--pretty[='<format>']::
+--format[='<format>']::
+
+	Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
+	where '<format>' can be one of 'oneline', 'short', 'medium',
+	'full', 'fuller', 'email', 'raw' and 'format:<string>'.
+	When omitted, the format defaults to 'medium'.
++
+Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
+configuration (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+--abbrev-commit::
+	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
+	name, show only a partial prefix.  Non default number of
+	digits can be specified with "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies
+	diff output, if it is displayed).
++
+This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
+people using 80-column terminals.
+
+--oneline::
+	This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
+	used together.
+
+--encoding[=<encoding>]::
+	The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
+	in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
+	command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
+	preferred by the user.  For non plumbing commands this
+	defaults to UTF-8.
+
+--no-notes::
+--show-notes::
+	Show the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) that annotate the
+	commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
+	for `git log`, `git show` and `git whatchanged` commands when
+	there is no `--pretty`, `--format` nor `--oneline` option is
+	given on the command line.
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..beba065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+gittutorial(7)
+==============
+
+NOME
+----
+gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
+
+SINOPSE
+--------
+git *
+
+DESCRIÇÃO
+-----------
+
+Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
+adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
+desenvolvedores.
+
+Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
+obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
+preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
+link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
+
+Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
+`git log --graph` com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ man git-log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+ou:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git help log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
+escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
+
+É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
+antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
+$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+Importando um novo projeto
+-----------------------
+
+Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
+Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
+$ cd project
+$ git init
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Git irá responder
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um
+novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git".
+
+A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
+arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git add .
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
+chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
+conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
+primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
+
+Fazendo mudanças
+--------------
+
+Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
+índice:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git add file1 file2 file3
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
+para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff --cached
+------------------------------------------------
+
+(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
+que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
+pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git status
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	modified:   file1
+#	modified:   file2
+#	modified:   file3
+#
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
+adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
+mudanças com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança,
+e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto.
+
+Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
+novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
+
+Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
+idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
+caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
+e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
+commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
+cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo.
+
+Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
+----------------------------
+
+Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
+ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
+comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
+usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
+em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
+o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
+
+Visualizando a história do projeto
+-----------------------
+
+Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
+usando
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log -p
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
+cada passo
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --stat --summary
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
+-----------------
+
+Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
+desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se você executar agora
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch
+------------------------------------------------
+
+você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+  experimental
+* master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
+ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
+o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
+mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edita arquivo)
+$ git commit -a
+$ git checkout master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
+foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
+
+Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edit file)
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
+cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
+master, execute
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
+marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
+conflito;
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+------------------------------------------------
+
+vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
+conflitos,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk
+------------------------------------------------
+
+vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
+
+Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch -d experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
+ramo atual.
+
+Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
+sempre remover o ramo com
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git branch -D ideia-louca
+-------------------------------------
+
+Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
+alguma coisa.
+
+Usando git para colaboração
+---------------------------
+
+Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
+/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
+máquina, quer contribuir.
+
+Bob começa com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
+Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
+própria cópia da história do projeto original.
+
+Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(editar arquivos)
+bob$ git commit -a
+(repetir conforme necessário)
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
+repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ cd /home/alice/project
+alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
+Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
+precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
+"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
+
+O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
+um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
+
+Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
+gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
+com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
+usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
+mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
+de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
+unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
+forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
+
+Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
+"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
+especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
+que vale puxar, assim:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
+alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
+A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
+alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
+Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
+tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
+
+Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
+ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
+
+Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
+pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
+exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
+
+Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
+com gitk quanto com "git log".
+
+Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
+decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
+tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
+separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
+finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
+resultante.
+
+Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
+interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
+repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
+o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
+usando:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git fetch bob
+-------------------------------------
+
+Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
+repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
+armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
+ramo master de Alice.
+
+Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git merge bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
+assim:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
+mais foi passado na linha de comando.
+
+Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
+Alice, usando
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git pull
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
+Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
+repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
+para puxar:
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
+/home/alice/project
+-------------------------------------
+
+(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
+config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
+significado de cada opção.)
+
+Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
+"origin/master":
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git branch -r
+  origin/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
+executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
+-------------------------------------
+
+Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
+http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
+
+Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
+repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
+veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+Explorando história
+-----------------
+
+A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
+interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
+esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
+dá o nome para o commit:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log
+commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
+Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
+
+    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
+-------------------------------------
+
+Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
+commit.
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
+-------------------------------------
+
+Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
+parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
+unicamente o commit:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show c82a22c39c	# os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
+			# usualmente
+$ git show HEAD		# a ponta do ramo atual
+$ git show experimental	# a ponta do ramo "experimental"
+-------------------------------------
+
+Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
+anterior do projeto:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^  # para ver o pai de HEAD
+$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
+$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
+$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
+-------------------------------------
+
+Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
+-------------------------------------
+
+você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
+compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
+uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
+assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
+
+Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
+quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
+$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
+			 # em v2.5
+$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
+			 # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
+-------------------------------------
+
+Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
+em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
+posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
+commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
+publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
+forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
+a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
+'git-revert' no lugar.
+
+O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
+projeto, então
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git grep "hello" v2.5
+-------------------------------------
+
+procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
+
+Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
+quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git grep "hello"
+-------------------------------------
+
+é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
+git.
+
+Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
+ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
+$ git log v2.5..                # commits desde v2.5
+$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
+$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
+				# Makefile
+-------------------------------------
+
+Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
+primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
+as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
+comum algum tempo atrás, então
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log stable..master
+-------------------------------------
+
+irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
+"stable", enquanto
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log master..stable
+-------------------------------------
+
+irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
+"master".
+
+O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
+uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
+divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
+apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
+
+A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
+Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
+trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
+-------------------------------------
+
+permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
+de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
+você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
+pressiona "-" ou "+".)
+
+Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
+também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
+commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
+-------------------------------------
+
+Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show v2.5:Makefile
+-------------------------------------
+
+Próximos passos
+----------
+
+Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
+distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
+plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
+idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
+
+  * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
+    história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
+
+  * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
+    usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
+    armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
+
+A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
+índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
+máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+
+Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
+outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
+
+  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
+    séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
+    projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
+    enviados por email.
+
+  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
+    forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
+    commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
+    por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
+    busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
+    não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
+
+  * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
+
+  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
+
+VEJA TAMBÉM
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+linkgit:git-help[1],
+link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
+link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
+
+GIT
+---
+Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dd6e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<repository>::
+	The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
+	or pull operation.  This parameter can be either a URL
+	(see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
+	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
+
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+<group>::
+	A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
+	of remotes.<group> in the configuration file.
+	(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
+endif::git-pull[]
+
+<refspec>::
+	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
+	`{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
++
+The remote ref that matches <src>
+is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local
+ref that matches it is fast-forwarded using <src>.
+If the optional plus `+` is used, the local ref
+is updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward
+update.
++
+[NOTE]
+If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
+modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
+rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
+an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
+It is under these conditions that you would want to use
+the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
+be needed.  There is currently no easy way to determine
+or declare that a branch will be made available in a
+repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
+must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
++
+[NOTE]
+You never do your own development on branches that appear
+on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on `Pull:` lines;
+they are to be updated by 'git fetch'.  If you intend to do
+development derived from a remote branch `B`, have a `Pull:`
+line to track it (i.e. `Pull: B:remote-B`), and have a separate
+branch `my-B` to do your development on top of it.  The latter
+is created by `git branch my-B remote-B` (or its equivalent `git
+checkout -b my-B remote-B`).  Run `git fetch` to keep track of
+the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
+on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
+`git pull . remote-B`, while you are on `my-B` branch.
++
+[NOTE]
+There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
+directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple
+`Pull:` <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running
+'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
+<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always
+merged into the current branch after fetching.  In other words,
+if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
+an Octopus.  While 'git pull' run without any explicit <refspec>
+parameter takes default <refspec>s from `Pull:` lines, it
+merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch,
+after fetching all the remote refs.  This is because making an
+Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
+of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
+is often useful.
++
+Some short-cut notations are also supported.
++
+* `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
+  it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
+* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
+  <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
+  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e9baf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+Commit Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
+more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1],
+linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1]
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+include::pretty-options.txt[]
+
+--relative-date::
+
+	Synonym for `--date=relative`.
+
+--date={relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short,raw}::
+
+	Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
+	as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default
+	value for log command's --date option.
++
+`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
+e.g. "2 hours ago".
++
+`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
++
+`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format.
++
+`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
+format, often found in E-mail messages.
++
+`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
++
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
++
+`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
+(either committer's or author's).
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--header::
+
+	Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
+	separated with a NUL character.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--parents::
+
+	Print the parents of the commit.  Also enables parent
+	rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
+
+--children::
+
+	Print the children of the commit.  Also enables parent
+	rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--timestamp::
+	Print the raw commit timestamp.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--left-right::
+
+	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
+	Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
+	the right with `>`.  If combined with `--boundary`, those
+	commits are prefixed with `-`.
++
+For example, if you have this topology:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+             y---b---b  branch B
+            / \ /
+           /   .
+          /   / \
+         o---x---a---a  branch A
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+you would get an output like this:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	$ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
+
+	>bbbbbbb... 3rd on b
+	>bbbbbbb... 2nd on b
+	<aaaaaaa... 3rd on a
+	<aaaaaaa... 2nd on a
+	-yyyyyyy... 1st on b
+	-xxxxxxx... 1st on a
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--graph::
+
+	Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
+	on the left hand side of the output.  This may cause extra lines
+	to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
+	to be drawn properly.
++
+This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the
+'--date-order' option may also be specified.
+
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
+Diff Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
+options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
+
+-c::
+
+	This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed.  It shows
+	the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
+	simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
+	and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
+	which were modified from all parents.
+
+--cc::
+
+	This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
+	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
+	one of them without modification.
+
+-r::
+
+	Show recursive diffs.
+
+-t::
+
+	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+Commit Limiting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
+special notations explained in the description, additional commit
+limiting may be applied.
+
+--
+
+-n 'number'::
+--max-count=<number>::
+
+	Limit the number of commits output.
+
+--skip=<number>::
+
+	Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
+
+--since=<date>::
+--after=<date>::
+
+	Show commits more recent than a specific date.
+
+--until=<date>::
+--before=<date>::
+
+	Show commits older than a specific date.
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--max-age=<timestamp>::
+--min-age=<timestamp>::
+
+	Limit the commits output to specified time range.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--author=<pattern>::
+--committer=<pattern>::
+
+	Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
+	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression).
+
+--grep=<pattern>::
+
+	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
+	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).
+
+--all-match::
+	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep,
+	--author and --committer instead of ones that match at least one.
+
+-i::
+--regexp-ignore-case::
+
+	Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case.
+
+-E::
+--extended-regexp::
+
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
+	instead of the default basic regular expressions.
+
+-F::
+--fixed-strings::
+
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret
+	pattern as a regular expression).
+
+--remove-empty::
+
+	Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
+
+--merges::
+
+	Print only merge commits.
+
+--no-merges::
+
+	Do not print commits with more than one parent.
+
+--first-parent::
+	Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge
+	commit.  This option can give a better overview when
+	viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch,
+	because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about
+	adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and
+	this option allows you to ignore the individual commits
+	brought in to your history by such a merge.
+
+--not::
+
+	Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
+	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
+
+--all::
+
+	Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
+	command line as '<commit>'.
+
+--branches[=pattern]::
+
+	Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` are listed
+	on the command line as '<commit>'. If `pattern` is given, limit
+	branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?',
+	'*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+
+--tags[=pattern]::
+
+	Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are listed
+	on the command line as '<commit>'. If `pattern` is given, limit
+	tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '*',
+	or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+
+--remotes[=pattern]::
+
+	Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes` are listed
+	on the command line as '<commit>'. If `pattern`is given, limit
+	remote tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
+	If pattern lacks '?', '*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+
+--glob=glob-pattern::
+	Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob `glob-pattern`
+	are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/',
+	is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '*',
+	or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+
+
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
+--bisect::
+
+	Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/bad`
+	was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good
+	bisection refs `$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/good-*` on the command
+	line.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--stdin::
+
+	In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
+	line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is
+	seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
+	result.
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--quiet::
+
+	Don't print anything to standard output.  This form
+	is primarily meant to allow the caller to
+	test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully
+	connected (or not).  It is faster than redirecting stdout
+	to /dev/null as the output does not have to be formatted.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--cherry-pick::
+
+	Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
+	another commit on the "other side" when the set of
+	commits are limited with symmetric difference.
++
+For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way
+to list all commits on only one side of them is with
+`--left-right`, like the example above in the description of
+that option.  It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
+from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked
+from branch A).  With this option, such pairs of commits are
+excluded from the output.
+
+-g::
+--walk-reflogs::
+
+	Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
+	reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
+	When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
+	exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
+	nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
++
+With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
+this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
+taken from the reflog.  By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is
+used in the output.  When the starting commit is specified as
+'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation
+instead.  Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
+prefixed with this information on the same line.
+This option cannot be combined with '\--reverse'.
+See also linkgit:git-reflog[1].
+
+--merge::
+
+	After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
+	conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
+
+--boundary::
+
+	Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
+	not shown.
+
+--
+
+History Simplification
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the
+commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of
+'History Simplification', one part is selecting the commits and the other
+is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history.
+
+The following options select the commits to be shown:
+
+<paths>::
+
+	Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected.
+
+--simplify-by-decoration::
+
+	Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.
+
+Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.
+
+The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:
+
+Default mode::
+
+	Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
+	final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
+	branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
+	with the same content)
+
+--full-history::
+
+	As the default mode but does not prune some history.
+
+--dense::
+
+	Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
+	meaningful history.
+
+--sparse::
+
+	All commits in the simplified history are shown.
+
+--simplify-merges::
+
+	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
+	commits contributing to this merge.
+
+A more detailed explanation follows.
+
+Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>.  We shall call commits
+that modify `foo` !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME.  (In a diff
+filtered for `foo`, they look different and equal, respectively.)
+
+In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
+illustrate the differences between simplification settings.  We assume
+that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P
+	 /     /   /   /   /
+	I     B   C   D   E
+	 \   /   /   /   /
+	  `-------------'
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+The horizontal line of history A--P is taken to be the first parent of
+each merge.  The commits are:
+
+* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents
+  "asdf", and a file `quux` exists with contents "quux".  Initial
+  commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
+
+* In `A`, `foo` contains just "foo".
+
+* `B` contains the same change as `A`.  Its merge `M` is trivial and
+  hence TREESAME to all parents.
+
+* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to "foobar",
+  so it is not TREESAME to any parent.
+
+* `D` sets `foo` to "baz".  Its merge `O` combines the strings from
+  `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
+
+* `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the
+  strings to "quux xyzzy".  Despite appearing interesting, `P` is
+  TREESAME to all parents.
+
+'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding
+commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting
+(via '\--parents' or '\--children') are used.  The following settings
+are available.
+
+Default mode::
+
+	Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
+	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).  If the
+	commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
+	only that parent.  (Even if there are several TREESAME
+	parents, follow only one of them.)  Otherwise, follow all
+	parents.
++
+This results in:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	  .-A---N---O
+	 /         /
+	I---------D
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is
+available, removed `B` from consideration entirely.  `C` was
+considered via `N`, but is TREESAME.  Root commits are compared to an
+empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
++
+Parent/child relations are only visible with --parents, but that does
+not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
+parent lines.
+
+--full-history without parent rewriting::
+
+	This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
+	all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
+	Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
+	included, this does not imply that the merge itself is!  In
+	the example, we get
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	I  A  B  N  D  O
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+`P` and `M` were excluded because they are TREESAME to a parent.  `E`,
+`C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others
+do not appear.
++
+Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk
+about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show
+them disconnected.
+
+--full-history with parent rewriting::
+
+	Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
+	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).
++
+Merges are always included.  However, their parent list is rewritten:
+Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
+themselves.  This results in
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P
+	 /     /   /   /   /
+	I     B   /   D   /
+	 \   /   /   /   /
+	  `-------------'
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
+was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
+rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`.  The same happened for `C` and
+`N`.  Note also that `P` was included despite being TREESAME.
+
+In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
+affects inclusion:
+
+--dense::
+
+	Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
+	to any parent.
+
+--sparse::
+
+	All commits that are walked are included.
++
+Note that without '\--full-history', this still simplifies merges: if
+one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
+sides of the merge are never walked.
+
+Finally, there is a fourth simplification mode available:
+
+--simplify-merges::
+
+	First, build a history graph in the same way that
+	'\--full-history' with parent rewriting does (see above).
++
+Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final
+history according to the following rules:
++
+--
+* Set `C'` to `C`.
++
+* Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`.  In
+  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents, and
+  remove duplicates.
++
+* If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has
+  zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
+  Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent.
+--
++
+The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
+'\--full-history' with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	  .-A---M---N---O
+	 /     /       /
+	I     B       D
+	 \   /       /
+	  `---------'
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '\--full-history':
++
+--
+* `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the
+  other parent `M`.  Still, `N` remained because it is !TREESAME.
++
+* `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed.  `P` was then
+  removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
+--
+
+The '\--simplify-by-decoration' option allows you to view only the
+big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
+that are not referenced by tags.  Commits are marked as !TREESAME
+(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
+above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the
+contents of the paths given on the command line.  All other
+commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away).
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+Bisection Helpers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--bisect::
+
+Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
+included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
+`$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
+exists) and the good bisection refs `$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/good-*` are
+added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
+are no refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/`, if
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	$ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+	$ git rev-list foo ^midpoint
+	$ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+would be of roughly the same length.  Finding the change which
+introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
+generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
+one.
+
+--bisect-vars::
+
+This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
+`$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
+text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
+name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
+expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
+to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
+`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
+number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
+`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
+`bisect_all`.
+
+--bisect-all::
+
+This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
+commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
+commits. Refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
+from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
+`--bisect`.)
++
+This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
+test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
+may not compile for example).
++
+This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case,
+after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if
+`--bisect-vars` had been used alone.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+
+Commit Ordering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
+
+--topo-order::
+
+	This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
+	descendant commits are shown before their parents).
+
+--date-order::
+
+	This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
+	parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
+	are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
+
+--reverse::
+
+	Output the commits in reverse order.
+	Cannot be combined with '\--walk-reflogs'.
+
+Object Traversal
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+
+--objects::
+
+	Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
+	commits.  '--objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
+	all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
+	object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+
+--objects-edge::
+
+	Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
+	commits prefixed with a "-" character.  This is used by
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
+	objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
+	excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
+
+--unpacked::
+
+	Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
+	in packs.
+
+--no-walk::
+
+	Only show the given revs, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+
+--do-walk::
+
+	Overrides a previous --no-walk.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/.gitignore b/Documentation/technical/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aa891d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+api-index.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43dbe09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+allocation growing API
+======================
+
+Dynamically growing an array using realloc() is error prone and boring.
+
+Define your array with:
+
+* a pointer (`ary`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`;
+
+* an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
+  allocation is, initialized to `0`;
+
+* another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
+  array currently has, initialized to `0`.
+
+Then before adding `n`th element to the array, call `ALLOC_GROW(ary, n,
+alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
+calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
+
+------------
+sometype *ary;
+size_t nr;
+size_t alloc
+
+for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+	if (we like ary[i] already)
+		return;
+
+/* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
+ALLOC_GROW(ary, nr + 1, alloc);
+ary[nr++] = value you like;
+------------
+
+You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cb2b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+builtin API
+===========
+
+Adding a new built-in
+---------------------
+
+There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to
+git:
+
+. Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with
+  signature:
+
+	int cmd_foo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+
+. Add the external declaration for the function to `builtin.h`.
+
+. Add the command to `commands[]` table in `handle_internal_command()`,
+  defined in `git.c`.  The entry should look like:
+
+	{ "foo", cmd_foo, <options> },
++
+where options is the bitwise-or of:
+
+`RUN_SETUP`::
+
+	Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a
+	work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked
+	in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no chdir() is
+	done.
+
+`USE_PAGER`::
+
+	If the standard output is connected to a tty, spawn a pager and
+	feed our output to it.
+
+`NEED_WORK_TREE`::
+
+	Make sure there is a work tree, i.e. the command cannot act
+	on bare repositories.
+	This only makes sense when `RUN_SETUP` is also set.
+
+. Add `builtin-foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
+
+Additionally, if `foo` is a new command, there are 3 more things to do:
+
+. Add tests to `t/` directory.
+
+. Write documentation in `Documentation/git-foo.txt`.
+
+. Add an entry for `git-foo` to `command-list.txt`.
+
+
+How a built-in is called
+------------------------
+
+The implementation `cmd_foo()` takes three parameters, `argc`, `argv,
+and `prefix`.  The first two are similar to what `main()` of a
+standalone command would be called with.
+
+When `RUN_SETUP` is specified in the `commands[]` table, and when you
+were started from a subdirectory of the work tree, `cmd_foo()` is called
+after chdir(2) to the top of the work tree, and `prefix` gets the path
+to the subdirectory the command started from.  This allows you to
+convert a user-supplied pathname (typically relative to that directory)
+to a pathname relative to the top of the work tree.
+
+The return value from `cmd_foo()` becomes the exit status of the
+command.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-decorate.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-decorate.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d52a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-decorate.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+decorate API
+============
+
+Talk about <decorate.h>
+
+(Linus)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20b0241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+diff API
+========
+
+The diff API is for programs that compare two sets of files (e.g. two
+trees, one tree and the index) and present the found difference in
+various ways.  The calling program is responsible for feeding the API
+pairs of files, one from the "old" set and the corresponding one from
+"new" set, that are different.  The library called through this API is
+called diffcore, and is responsible for two things.
+
+* finding total rewrites (`-B`), renames (`-M`) and copies (`-C`), and
+  changes that touch a string (`-S`), as specified by the caller.
+
+* outputting the differences in various formats, as specified by the
+  caller.
+
+Calling sequence
+----------------
+
+* Prepare `struct diff_options` to record the set of diff options, and
+  then call `diff_setup()` to initialize this structure.  This sets up
+  the vanilla default.
+
+* Fill in the options structure to specify desired output format, rename
+  detection, etc.  `diff_opt_parse()` can be used to parse options given
+  from the command line in a way consistent with existing git-diff
+  family of programs.
+
+* Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for
+  internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if
+  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on).
+
+* As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed
+  modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files,
+  or `diff_unmerged()` to feed a file whose state is 'unmerged' to the
+  API.  These are thin wrappers to a lower-level `diff_queue()` function
+  that is flexible enough to record any of these kinds of changes.
+
+* Once you finish feeding the pairs of files, call `diffcore_std()`.
+  This will tell the diffcore library to go ahead and do its work.
+
+* Calling `diff_flush()` will produce the output.
+
+
+Data structures
+---------------
+
+* `struct diff_filespec`
+
+This is the internal representation for a single file (blob).  It
+records the blob object name (if known -- for a work tree file it
+typically is a NUL SHA-1), filemode and pathname.  This is what the
+`diff_addremove()`, `diff_change()` and `diff_unmerged()` synthesize and
+feed `diff_queue()` function with.
+
+* `struct diff_filepair`
+
+This records a pair of `struct diff_filespec`; the filespec for a file
+in the "old" set (i.e. preimage) is called `one`, and the filespec for a
+file in the "new" set (i.e. postimage) is called `two`.  A change that
+represents file creation has NULL in `one`, and file deletion has NULL
+in `two`.
+
+A `filepair` starts pointing at `one` and `two` that are from the same
+filename, but `diffcore_std()` can break pairs and match component
+filespecs with other filespecs from a different filepair to form new
+filepair.  This is called 'rename detection'.
+
+* `struct diff_queue`
+
+This is a collection of filepairs.  Notable members are:
+
+`queue`::
+
+	An array of pointers to `struct diff_filepair`.  This
+	dynamically grows as you add filepairs;
+
+`alloc`::
+
+	The allocated size of the `queue` array;
+
+`nr`::
+
+	The number of elements in the `queue` array.
+
+
+* `struct diff_options`
+
+This describes the set of options the calling program wants to affect
+the operation of diffcore library with.
+
+Notable members are:
+
+`output_format`::
+	The output format used when `diff_flush()` is run.
+
+`context`::
+	Number of context lines to generate in patch output.
+
+`break_opt`, `detect_rename`, `rename-score`, `rename_limit`::
+	Affects the way detection logic for complete rewrites, renames
+	and copies.
+
+`abbrev`::
+	Number of hexdigits to abbreviate raw format output to.
+
+`pickaxe`::
+	A constant string (can and typically does contain newlines to
+	look for a block of text, not just a single line) to filter out
+	the filepairs that do not change the number of strings contained
+	in its preimage and postimage of the diff_queue.
+
+`flags`::
+	This is mostly a collection of boolean options that affects the
+	operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore
+	library.
+
+BINARY, TEXT;;
+	Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated.
+
+FULL_INDEX;;
+	Tells the patch output format not to use abbreviated object
+	names on the "index" lines.
+
+FIND_COPIES_HARDER;;
+	Tells the diffcore library that the caller is feeding unchanged
+	filepairs to allow copies from unmodified files be detected.
+
+COLOR_DIFF;;
+	Output should be colored.
+
+COLOR_DIFF_WORDS;;
+	Output is a colored word-diff.
+
+NO_INDEX;;
+	Tells diff-files that the input is not tracked files but files
+	in random locations on the filesystem.
+
+ALLOW_EXTERNAL;;
+	Tells output routine that it is Ok to call user specified patch
+	output routine.  Plumbing disables this to ensure stable output.
+
+QUIET;;
+	Do not show any output.
+
+REVERSE_DIFF;;
+	Tells the library that the calling program is feeding the
+	filepairs reversed; `one` is two, and `two` is one.
+
+EXIT_WITH_STATUS;;
+	For communication between the calling program and the options
+	parser; tell the calling program to signal the presence of
+	difference using program exit code.
+
+HAS_CHANGES;;
+	Internal; used for optimization to see if there is any change.
+
+SILENT_ON_REMOVE;;
+	Affects if diff-files shows removed files.
+
+RECURSIVE, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE;;
+	Tells if tree traversal done by tree-diff should recursively
+	descend into a tree object pair that are different in preimage
+	and postimage set.
+
+(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..add6f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+directory listing API
+=====================
+
+The directory listing API is used to enumerate paths in the work tree,
+optionally taking `.git/info/exclude` and `.gitignore` files per
+directory into account.
+
+Data structure
+--------------
+
+`struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
+options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  The notable
+options are:
+
+`exclude_per_dir`::
+
+	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
+	files (typically `.gitignore`).
+
+`collect_ignored`::
+
+	Include paths that are to be excluded in the result.
+
+`show_ignored`::
+
+	The traversal is for finding just ignored files, not unignored
+	files.
+
+`show_other_directories`::
+
+	Include a directory that is not tracked.
+
+`hide_empty_directories`::
+
+	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
+
+`no_gitlinks`::
+
+	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git
+	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
+
+The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
+
+`entries[]`::
+
+	An array of `struct dir_entry`, each element of which describes
+	a path.
+
+`nr`::
+
+	The number of members in `entries[]` array.
+
+`alloc`::
+
+	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
+
+
+Calling sequence
+----------------
+
+Note: index may be looked at for .gitignore files that are CE_SKIP_WORKTREE
+marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
+
+* Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
+  sizeof(dir))`.
+
+* Call `add_exclude()` to add single exclude pattern,
+  `add_excludes_from_file()` to add patterns from a file
+  (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
+  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set up
+  the standard set of exclude settings.
+
+* Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
+
+* Call `read_directory()`.
+
+* Use `dir.entries[]`.
+
+(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d97eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+gitattributes API
+=================
+
+gitattributes mechanism gives a uniform way to associate various
+attributes to set of paths.
+
+
+Data Structure
+--------------
+
+`struct git_attr`::
+
+	An attribute is an opaque object that is identified by its name.
+	Pass the name and its length to `git_attr()` function to obtain
+	the object of this type.  The internal representation of this
+	structure is of no interest to the calling programs.
+
+`struct git_attr_check`::
+
+	This structure represents a set of attributes to check in a call
+	to `git_checkattr()` function, and receives the results.
+
+
+Calling Sequence
+----------------
+
+* Prepare an array of `struct git_attr_check` to define the list of
+  attributes you would want to check.  To populate this array, you would
+  need to define necessary attributes by calling `git_attr()` function.
+
+* Call git_checkattr() to check the attributes for the path.
+
+* Inspect `git_attr_check` structure to see how each of the attribute in
+  the array is defined for the path.
+
+
+Attribute Values
+----------------
+
+An attribute for a path can be in one of four states: Set, Unset,
+Unspecified or set to a string, and `.value` member of `struct
+git_attr_check` records it.  There are three macros to check these:
+
+`ATTR_TRUE()`::
+
+	Returns true if the attribute is Set for the path.
+
+`ATTR_FALSE()`::
+
+	Returns true if the attribute is Unset for the path.
+
+`ATTR_UNSET()`::
+
+	Returns true if the attribute is Unspecified for the path.
+
+If none of the above returns true, `.value` member points at a string
+value of the attribute for the path.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+To see how attributes "crlf" and "indent" are set for different paths.
+
+. Prepare an array of `struct git_attr_check` with two elements (because
+  we are checking two attributes).  Initialize their `attr` member with
+  pointers to `struct git_attr` obtained by calling `git_attr()`:
+
+------------
+static struct git_attr_check check[2];
+static void setup_check(void)
+{
+	if (check[0].attr)
+		return; /* already done */
+	check[0].attr = git_attr("crlf", 4);
+	check[1].attr = git_attr("ident", 5);
+}
+------------
+
+. Call `git_checkattr()` with the prepared array of `struct git_attr_check`:
+
+------------
+	const char *path;
+
+	setup_check();
+	git_checkattr(path, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check);
+------------
+
+. Act on `.value` member of the result, left in `check[]`:
+
+------------
+	const char *value = check[0].value;
+
+	if (ATTR_TRUE(value)) {
+		The attribute is Set, by listing only the name of the
+		attribute in the gitattributes file for the path.
+	} else if (ATTR_FALSE(value)) {
+		The attribute is Unset, by listing the name of the
+		attribute prefixed with a dash - for the path.
+	} else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) {
+		The attribute is not set nor unset for the path.
+	} else if (!strcmp(value, "input")) {
+		If none of ATTR_TRUE(), ATTR_FALSE(), or ATTR_UNSET() is
+		true, the value is a string set in the gitattributes
+		file for the path by saying "attr=value".
+	} else if (... other check using value as string ...) {
+		...
+	}
+------------
+
+(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-grep.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-grep.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a69cc89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-grep.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+grep API
+========
+
+Talk about <grep.h>, things like:
+
+* grep_buffer()
+
+(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5061e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+hash API
+========
+
+The hash API is a collection of simple hash table functions. Users are expected
+to implement their own hashing.
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct hash_table`::
+
+	The hash table structure. The `array` member points to the hash table
+	entries. The `size` member counts the total number of valid and invalid
+	entries in the table. The `nr` member keeps track of the number of
+	valid entries.
+
+`struct hash_table_entry`::
+
+	An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table. The `hash`
+	member is the entry's hash key and the `ptr` member is the entry's
+	value.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`init_hash`::
+
+	Initialize the hash table.
+
+`free_hash`::
+
+	Release memory associated with the hash table.
+
+`insert_hash`::
+
+	Insert a pointer into the hash table. If an entry with that hash
+	already exists, a pointer to the existing entry's value is returned.
+	Otherwise NULL is returned.  This allows callers to implement
+	chaining, etc.
+
+`lookup_hash`::
+
+	Lookup an entry in the hash table. If an entry with that hash exists
+	the entry's value is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned.
+
+`for_each_hash`::
+
+	Call a function for each entry in the hash table. The function is
+	expected to take the entry's value as its only argument and return an
+	int. If the function returns a negative int the loop is aborted
+	immediately.  Otherwise, the return value is accumulated and the sum
+	returned upon completion of the loop.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6fc90a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+history graph API
+=================
+
+The graph API is used to draw a text-based representation of the commit
+history.  The API generates the graph in a line-by-line fashion.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+Core functions:
+
+* `graph_init()` creates a new `struct git_graph`
+
+* `graph_update()` moves the graph to a new commit.
+
+* `graph_next_line()` outputs the next line of the graph into a strbuf.  It
+  does not add a terminating newline.
+
+* `graph_padding_line()` outputs a line of vertical padding in the graph.  It
+  is similar to `graph_next_line()`, but is guaranteed to never print the line
+  containing the current commit.  Where `graph_next_line()` would print the
+  commit line next, `graph_padding_line()` prints a line that simply extends
+  all branch lines downwards one row, leaving their positions unchanged.
+
+* `graph_is_commit_finished()` determines if the graph has output all lines
+  necessary for the current commit.  If `graph_update()` is called before all
+  lines for the current commit have been printed, the next call to
+  `graph_next_line()` will output an ellipsis, to indicate that a portion of
+  the graph was omitted.
+
+The following utility functions are wrappers around `graph_next_line()` and
+`graph_is_commit_finished()`.  They always print the output to stdout.
+They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
+output will be printed.
+
+* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` until it returns non-zero.
+  This prints all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this
+  commit.  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain
+  a terminating newline.  This should not be called if the commit line has
+  already been printed, or it will loop forever.
+
+* `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
+  stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
+
+* `graph_show_padding()` calls `graph_padding_line()` and prints the result to
+  stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
+
+* `graph_show_remainder()` calls `graph_next_line()` until
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` returns non-zero.  Output is printed to stdout.
+  The last line printed does not contain a terminating newline.  Returns 1 if
+  output was printed, and 0 if no output was necessary.
+
+* `graph_show_strbuf()` prints the specified strbuf to stdout, prefixing all
+  lines but the first with a graph line.  The caller is responsible for
+  ensuring graph output for the first line has already been printed to stdout.
+  (This can be done with `graph_show_commit()` or `graph_show_oneline()`.)  If
+  a NULL graph is supplied, the strbuf is printed as-is.
+
+* `graph_show_commit_msg()` is similar to `graph_show_strbuf()`, but it also
+  prints the remainder of the graph, if more lines are needed after the strbuf
+  ends.  It is better than directly calling `graph_show_strbuf()` followed by
+  `graph_show_remainder()` since it properly handles buffers that do not end in
+  a terminating newline.  The output printed by `graph_show_commit_msg()` will
+  end in a newline if and only if the strbuf ends in a newline.
+
+Data structure
+--------------
+`struct git_graph` is an opaque data type used to store the current graph
+state.
+
+Calling sequence
+----------------
+
+* Create a `struct git_graph` by calling `graph_init()`.  When using the
+  revision walking API, this is done automatically by `setup_revisions()` if
+  the '--graph' option is supplied.
+
+* Use the revision walking API to walk through a group of contiguous commits.
+  The `get_revision()` function automatically calls `graph_update()` each time
+  it is invoked.
+
+* For each commit, call `graph_next_line()` repeatedly, until
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` returns non-zero.  Each call go
+  `graph_next_line()` will output a single line of the graph.  The resulting
+  lines will not contain any newlines.  `graph_next_line()` returns 1 if the
+  resulting line contains the current commit, or 0 if this is merely a line
+  needed to adjust the graph before or after the current commit.  This return
+  value can be used to determine where to print the commit summary information
+  alongside the graph output.
+
+Limitations
+-----------
+
+* `graph_update()` must be called with commits in topological order.  It should
+  not be called on a commit if it has already been invoked with an ancestor of
+  that commit, or the graph output will be incorrect.
+
+* `graph_update()` must be called on a contiguous group of commits.  If
+  `graph_update()` is called on a particular commit, it should later be called
+  on all parents of that commit.  Parents must not be skipped, or the graph
+  output will appear incorrect.
++
+`graph_update()` may be used on a pruned set of commits only if the parent list
+has been rewritten so as to include only ancestors from the pruned set.
+
+* The graph API does not currently support reverse commit ordering.  In
+  order to implement reverse ordering, the graphing API needs an
+  (efficient) mechanism to find the children of a commit.
+
+Sample usage
+------------
+
+------------
+struct commit *commit;
+struct git_graph *graph = graph_init(opts);
+
+while ((commit = get_revision(opts)) != NULL) {
+	graph_update(graph, commit);
+	while (!graph_is_commit_finished(graph))
+	{
+		struct strbuf sb;
+		int is_commit_line;
+
+		strbuf_init(&sb, 0);
+		is_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &sb);
+		fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+
+		if (is_commit_line)
+			log_tree_commit(opts, commit);
+		else
+			putchar(opts->diffopt.line_termination);
+	}
+}
+------------
+
+Sample output
+-------------
+
+The following is an example of the output from the graph API.  This output does
+not include any commit summary information--callers are responsible for
+outputting that information, if desired.
+
+------------
+*
+*
+*
+|\
+* |
+| | *
+| \ \
+|  \ \
+*-. \ \
+|\ \ \ \
+| | * | |
+| | | | | *
+| | | | | *
+| | | | | *
+| | | | | |\
+| | | | | | *
+| * | | | | |
+| | | | | *  \
+| | | | | |\  |
+| | | | * | | |
+| | | | * | | |
+* | | | | | | |
+| |/ / / / / /
+|/| / / / / /
+* | | | | | |
+|/ / / / / /
+* | | | | |
+| | | | | *
+| | | | |/
+| | | | *
+------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-in-core-index.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-in-core-index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adbdbf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-in-core-index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+in-core index API
+=================
+
+Talk about <read-cache.c> and <cache-tree.c>, things like:
+
+* cache -> the_index macros
+* read_index()
+* write_index()
+* ie_match_stat() and ie_modified(); how they are different and when to
+  use which.
+* index_name_pos()
+* remove_index_entry_at()
+* remove_file_from_index()
+* add_file_to_index()
+* add_index_entry()
+* refresh_index()
+* discard_index()
+* cache_tree_invalidate_path()
+* cache_tree_update()
+
+(JC, Linus)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af7cc2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+GIT API Documents
+=================
+
+GIT has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
+documents them.
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// table of contents begin
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// table of contents end
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+2007-11-24
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index.sh b/Documentation/technical/api-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9c3f413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+(
+	c=////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+	skel=api-index-skel.txt
+	sed -e '/^\/\/ table of contents begin/q' "$skel"
+	echo "$c"
+
+	ls api-*.txt |
+	while read filename
+	do
+		case "$filename" in
+		api-index-skel.txt | api-index.txt) continue ;;
+		esac
+		title=$(sed -e 1q "$filename")
+		html=${filename%.txt}.html
+		echo "* link:$html[$title]"
+	done
+	echo "$c"
+	sed -n -e '/^\/\/ table of contents end/,$p' "$skel"
+) >api-index.txt+
+
+if test -f api-index.txt && cmp api-index.txt api-index.txt+ >/dev/null
+then
+	rm -f api-index.txt+
+else
+	mv api-index.txt+ api-index.txt
+fi
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd89404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+lockfile API
+============
+
+The lockfile API serves two purposes:
+
+* Mutual exclusion.  When we write out a new index file, first
+  we create a new file `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`, write the new
+  contents into it, and rename it to the final destination
+  `$GIT_DIR/index`.  We try to create the `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`
+  file with O_EXCL so that we can notice and fail when somebody
+  else is already trying to update the index file.
+
+* Automatic cruft removal.  After we create the "lock" file, we
+  may decide to `die()`, and we would want to make sure that we
+  remove the file that has not been committed to its final
+  destination.  This is done by remembering the lockfiles we
+  created in a linked list and cleaning them up from an
+  `atexit(3)` handler.  Outstanding lockfiles are also removed
+  when the program dies on a signal.
+
+
+The functions
+-------------
+
+hold_lock_file_for_update::
+
+	Take a pointer to `struct lock_file`, the filename of
+	the final destination (e.g. `$GIT_DIR/index`) and a flag
+	`die_on_error`.  Attempt to create a lockfile for the
+	destination and return the file descriptor for writing
+	to the file.  If `die_on_error` flag is true, it dies if
+	a lock is already taken for the file; otherwise it
+	returns a negative integer to the caller on failure.
+
+commit_lock_file::
+
+	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
+	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
+	close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its
+	final destination.  Returns 0 upon success, a negative
+	value on failure to close(2) or rename(2).
+
+rollback_lock_file::
+
+	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
+	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
+	close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile.
+
+close_lock_file::
+	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
+	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
+	and close the file descriptor.  Returns 0 upon success,
+	a negative value on failure to close(2).
+
+Because the structure is used in an `atexit(3)` handler, its
+storage has to stay throughout the life of the program.  It
+cannot be an auto variable allocated on the stack.
+
+Call `commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()` when you are
+done writing to the file descriptor.  If you do not call either
+and simply `exit(3)` from the program, an `atexit(3)` handler
+will close and remove the lockfile.
+
+If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from
+`hold_lock_file_for_update` function yourself, do so by calling
+`close_lock_file()`.  You should never call `close(2)` yourself!
+Otherwise the `struct
+lock_file` structure still remembers that the file descriptor
+needs to be closed, and a later call to `commit_lock_file()` or
+`rollback_lock_file()` will result in duplicate calls to
+`close(2)`.  Worse yet, if you `close(2)`, open another file
+descriptor for completely different purpose, and then call
+`commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()`, they may close
+that unrelated file descriptor.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-object-access.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-object-access.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03bb0e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-object-access.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+object access API
+=================
+
+Talk about <sha1_file.c> and <object.h> family, things like
+
+* read_sha1_file()
+* read_object_with_reference()
+* has_sha1_file()
+* write_sha1_file()
+* pretend_sha1_file()
+* lookup_{object,commit,tag,blob,tree}
+* parse_{object,commit,tag,blob,tree}
+* Use of object flags
+
+(JC, Shawn, Daniel, Dscho, Linus)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50f9e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+parse-options API
+=================
+
+The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git
+and to provide a usage help with consistent look.
+
+Basics
+------
+
+The argument vector `argv[]` may usually contain mandatory or optional
+'non-option arguments', e.g. a filename or a branch, and 'options'.
+Options are optional arguments that start with a dash and
+that allow to change the behavior of a command.
+
+* There are basically three types of options:
+  'boolean' options,
+  options with (mandatory) 'arguments' and
+  options with 'optional arguments'
+  (i.e. a boolean option that can be adjusted).
+
+* There are basically two forms of options:
+  'Short options' consist of one dash (`-`) and one alphanumeric
+  character.
+  'Long options' begin with two dashes (`\--`) and some
+  alphanumeric characters.
+
+* Options are case-sensitive.
+  Please define 'lower-case long options' only.
+
+The parse-options API allows:
+
+* 'sticked' and 'separate form' of options with arguments.
+  `-oArg` is sticked, `-o Arg` is separate form.
+  `\--option=Arg` is sticked, `\--option Arg` is separate form.
+
+* Long options may be 'abbreviated', as long as the abbreviation
+  is unambiguous.
+
+* Short options may be bundled, e.g. `-a -b` can be specified as `-ab`.
+
+* Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending
+  `no-`, e.g. `\--no-abbrev` instead of `\--abbrev`.
+
+* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `\--`
+  option, e.g. `-a -b \--option \-- \--this-is-a-file` indicates that
+  `\--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option.
+
+Steps to parse options
+----------------------
+
+. `#include "parse-options.h"`
+
+. define a NULL-terminated
+  `static const char * const builtin_foo_usage[]` array
+  containing alternative usage strings
+
+. define `builtin_foo_options` array as described below
+  in section 'Data Structure'.
+
+. in `cmd_foo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)`
+  call
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_foo_options, builtin_foo_usage, flags);
++
+`parse_options()` will filter out the processed options of `argv[]` and leave the
+non-option arguments in `argv[]`.
+`argc` is updated appropriately because of the assignment.
++
+You can also pass NULL instead of a usage array as the fifth parameter of
+parse_options(), to avoid displaying a help screen with usage info and
+option list.  This should only be done if necessary, e.g. to implement
+a limited parser for only a subset of the options that needs to be run
+before the full parser, which in turn shows the full help message.
++
+Flags are the bitwise-or of:
+
+`PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH`::
+	Keep the `\--` that usually separates options from
+	non-option arguments.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION`::
+	Usually the whole argument vector is massaged and reordered.
+	Using this flag, processing is stopped at the first non-option
+	argument.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0`::
+	Keep the first argument, which contains the program name.  It's
+	removed from argv[] by default.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN`::
+	Keep unknown arguments instead of erroring out.  This doesn't
+	work for all combinations of arguments as users might expect
+	it to do.  E.g. if the first argument in `--unknown --known`
+	takes a value (which we can't know), the second one is
+	mistakenly interpreted as a known option.  Similarly, if
+	`PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION` is set, the second argument in
+	`--unknown value` will be mistakenly interpreted as a
+	non-option, not as a value belonging to the unknown option,
+	the parser early.  That's why parse_options() errors out if
+	both options are set.
+
+`PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP`::
+	By default, parse_options() handles `-h`, `--help` and
+	`--help-all` internally, by showing a help screen.  This option
+	turns it off and allows one to add custom handlers for these
+	options, or to just leave them unknown.
+
+Data Structure
+--------------
+
+The main data structure is an array of the `option` struct,
+say `static struct option builtin_add_options[]`.
+There are some macros to easily define options:
+
+`OPT__ABBREV(&int_var)`::
+	Add `\--abbrev[=<n>]`.
+
+`OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var)`::
+	Add `-n, \--dry-run`.
+
+`OPT__QUIET(&int_var)`::
+	Add `-q, \--quiet`.
+
+`OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var)`::
+	Add `-v, \--verbose`.
+
+`OPT_GROUP(description)`::
+	Start an option group. `description` is a short string that
+	describes the group or an empty string.
+	Start the description with an upper-case letter.
+
+`OPT_BOOLEAN(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce a boolean option.
+	`int_var` is incremented on each use.
+
+`OPT_BIT(short, long, &int_var, description, mask)`::
+	Introduce a boolean option.
+	If used, `int_var` is bitwise-ored with `mask`.
+
+`OPT_NEGBIT(short, long, &int_var, description, mask)`::
+	Introduce a boolean option.
+	If used, `int_var` is bitwise-anded with the inverted `mask`.
+
+`OPT_SET_INT(short, long, &int_var, description, integer)`::
+	Introduce a boolean option.
+	If used, set `int_var` to `integer`.
+
+`OPT_SET_PTR(short, long, &ptr_var, description, ptr)`::
+	Introduce a boolean option.
+	If used, set `ptr_var` to `ptr`.
+
+`OPT_STRING(short, long, &str_var, arg_str, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with string argument.
+	The string argument is put into `str_var`.
+
+`OPT_INTEGER(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with integer argument.
+	The integer is put into `int_var`.
+
+`OPT_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`.
+	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
+
+`OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)`::
+	Introduce an option with argument.
+	The argument will be fed into the function given by `func_ptr`
+	and the result will be put into `var`.
+	See 'Option Callbacks' below for a more elaborate description.
+
+`OPT_FILENAME(short, long, &var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with a filename argument.
+	The filename will be prefixed by passing the filename along with
+	the prefix argument of `parse_options()` to `prefix_filename()`.
+
+`OPT_ARGUMENT(long, description)`::
+	Introduce a long-option argument that will be kept in `argv[]`.
+
+`OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&var, description, func_ptr)`::
+	Recognize numerical options like -123 and feed the integer as
+	if it was an argument to the function given by `func_ptr`.
+	The result will be put into `var`.  There can be only one such
+	option definition.  It cannot be negated and it takes no
+	arguments.  Short options that happen to be digits take
+	precedence over it.
+
+
+The last element of the array must be `OPT_END()`.
+
+If not stated otherwise, interpret the arguments as follows:
+
+* `short` is a character for the short option
+  (e.g. `\'e\'` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
+
+* `long` is a string for the long option
+  (e.g. `"example"` for `\--example`, use `NULL` to omit),
+
+* `int_var` is an integer variable,
+
+* `str_var` is a string variable (`char *`),
+
+* `arg_str` is the string that is shown as argument
+  (e.g. `"branch"` will result in `<branch>`).
+  If set to `NULL`, three dots (`...`) will be displayed.
+
+* `description` is a short string to describe the effect of the option.
+  It shall begin with a lower-case letter and a full stop (`.`) shall be
+  omitted at the end.
+
+Option Callbacks
+----------------
+
+The function must be defined in this form:
+
+	int func(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+
+The callback mechanism is as follows:
+
+* Inside `func`, the only interesting member of the structure
+  given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt->value`.
+  `\*opt->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
+  use `OPT_CALLBACK()`.
+  For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 42;` to get 42
+  into an `unsigned long` variable.
+
+* Return value `0` indicates success and non-zero return
+  value will invoke `usage_with_options()` and, thus, die.
+
+* If the user negates the option, `arg` is `NULL` and `unset` is 1.
+
+Sophisticated option parsing
+----------------------------
+
+If you need, for example, option callbacks with optional arguments
+or without arguments at all, or if you need other special cases,
+that are not handled by the macros above, you need to specify the
+members of the `option` structure manually.
+
+This is not covered in this document, but well documented
+in `parse-options.h` itself.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+See `test-parse-options.c` and
+`builtin-add.c`,
+`builtin-clone.c`,
+`builtin-commit.c`,
+`builtin-fetch.c`,
+`builtin-fsck.c`,
+`builtin-rm.c`
+for real-world examples.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-quote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-quote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a1bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-quote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+quote API
+=========
+
+Talk about <quote.h>, things like
+
+* sq_quote and unquote
+* c_style quote and unquote
+* quoting for foreign languages
+
+(JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c54b17d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+Remotes configuration API
+=========================
+
+The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
+remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
+and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform
+fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
+configuration, giving them just the default information.
+
+struct remote
+-------------
+
+`name`::
+
+	The user's nickname for the remote
+
+`url`::
+
+	An array of all of the url_nr URLs configured for the remote
+
+`pushurl`::
+
+	An array of all of the pushurl_nr push URLs configured for the remote
+
+`push`::
+
+	 An array of refspecs configured for pushing, with
+	 push_refspec being the literal strings, and push_refspec_nr
+	 being the quantity.
+
+`fetch`::
+
+	An array of refspecs configured for fetching, with
+	fetch_refspec being the literal strings, and fetch_refspec_nr
+	being the quantity.
+
+`fetch_tags`::
+
+	The setting for whether to fetch tags (as a separate rule from
+	the configured refspecs); -1 means never to fetch tags, 0
+	means to auto-follow tags based on the default heuristic, 1
+	means to always auto-follow tags, and 2 means to fetch all
+	tags.
+
+`receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
+
+	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
+	git-native protocols.
+
+`http_proxy`::
+
+	The proxy to use for curl (http, https, ftp, etc.) URLs.
+
+struct remotes can be found by name with remote_get(), and iterated
+through with for_each_remote(). remote_get(NULL) will return the
+default remote, given the current branch and configuration.
+
+struct refspec
+--------------
+
+A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec. If it
+will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true. If it is a
+pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true. src and dest are the two
+sides (if a pattern, only the part outside of the wildcards); if there
+is only one side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are
+empty (i.e., the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the
+corresponding side is "".
+
+This parsing can be done to an array of strings to give an array of
+struct refpsecs with parse_ref_spec().
+
+remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec with
+either src or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the
+result is in the "fetch" specification for the remote (note that this
+evaluates patterns and returns a single result).
+
+struct branch
+-------------
+
+Note that this may end up moving to branch.h
+
+struct branch holds the configuration for a branch. It can be looked
+up with branch_get(name) for "refs/heads/{name}", or with
+branch_get(NULL) for HEAD.
+
+It contains:
+
+`name`::
+
+	The short name of the branch.
+
+`refname`::
+
+	The full path for the branch ref.
+
+`remote_name`::
+
+	The name of the remote listed in the configuration.
+
+`remote`::
+
+	The struct remote for that remote.
+
+`merge_name`::
+
+	An array of the "merge" lines in the configuration.
+
+`merge`::
+
+	An array of the struct refspecs used for the merge lines. That
+	is, merge[i]->dst is a local tracking ref which should be
+	merged into this branch by default.
+
+`merge_nr`::
+
+	The number of merge configurations
+
+branch_has_merge_config() returns true if the given branch has merge
+configuration given.
+
+Other stuff
+-----------
+
+There is other stuff in remote.h that is related, in general, to the
+process of interacting with remotes.
+
+(Daniel Barkalow)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..996da05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+revision walking API
+====================
+
+The revision walking API offers functions to build a list of revisions
+and then iterate over that list.
+
+Calling sequence
+----------------
+
+The walking API has a given calling sequence: first you need to
+initialize a rev_info structure, then add revisions to control what kind
+of revision list do you want to get, finally you can iterate over the
+revision list.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`init_revisions`::
+
+	Initialize a rev_info structure with default values. The second
+	parameter may be NULL or can be prefix path, and then the `.prefix`
+	variable will be set to it. This is typically the first function you
+	want to call when you want to deal with a revision list. After calling
+	this function, you are free to customize options, like set
+	`.ignore_merges` to 0 if you don't want to ignore merges, and so on. See
+	`revision.h` for a complete list of available options.
+
+`add_pending_object`::
+
+	This function can be used if you want to add commit objects as revision
+	information. You can use the `UNINTERESTING` object flag to indicate if
+	you want to include or exclude the given commit (and commits reachable
+	from the given commit) from the revision list.
++
+NOTE: If you have the commits as a string list then you probably want to
+use setup_revisions(), instead of parsing each string and using this
+function.
+
+`setup_revisions`::
+
+	Parse revision information, filling in the `rev_info` structure, and
+	removing the used arguments from the argument list. Returns the number
+	of arguments left that weren't recognized, which are also moved to the
+	head of the argument list. The last parameter is used in case no
+	parameter given by the first two arguments.
+
+`prepare_revision_walk`::
+
+	Prepares the rev_info structure for a walk. You should check if it
+	returns any error (non-zero return code) and if it does not, you can
+	start using get_revision() to do the iteration.
+
+`get_revision`::
+
+	Takes a pointer to a `rev_info` structure and iterates over it,
+	returning a `struct commit *` each time you call it. The end of the
+	revision list is indicated by returning a NULL pointer.
+
+Data structures
+---------------
+
+Talk about <revision.h>, things like:
+
+* two diff_options, one for path limiting, another for output;
+* remaining functions;
+
+(Linus, JC, Dscho)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68bf4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+run-command API
+===============
+
+The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
+redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
+and an alternate current directory.
+
+A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
+which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
+produces in the caller in order to process it.
+
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`start_command`::
+
+	Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
+	that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
+	See below for details.
+
+`finish_command`::
+
+	Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
+	start_command().
+
+`run_command`::
+
+	A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
+	start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
+	to a `struct child_process` that specifies the details.
+
+`run_command_v_opt`, `run_command_v_opt_cd_env`::
+
+	Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
+	start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
+	specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
+	or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`,
+	`RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR`, or `RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE`
+	that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
+	.stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of `struct child_process`.
+	The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
+	corresponds to the member .env.
+
+The functions above do the following:
+
+. If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
+  is printed.
+
+. If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
+  ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.
+
+. Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
+  code is returned. No diagnostic is printed, even if the exit code is
+  non-zero.
+
+. If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
+  signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
+  condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
+  exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
+  POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+
+
+`start_async`::
+
+	Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
+	async` that specifies the details and returns a pipe FD
+	from which the caller reads. See below for details.
+
+`finish_async`::
+
+	Wait for the completion of an asynchronous function that was
+	started with start_async().
+
+`run_hook`::
+
+	Run a hook.
+	The first argument is a pathname to an index file, or NULL
+	if the hook uses the default index file or no index is needed.
+	The second argument is the name of the hook.
+	The further arguments correspond to the hook arguments.
+	The last argument has to be NULL to terminate the arguments list.
+	If the hook does not exist or is not executable, the return
+	value will be zero.
+	If it is executable, the hook will be executed and the exit
+	status of the hook is returned.
+	On execution, .stdout_to_stderr and .no_stdin will be set.
+	(See below.)
+
+
+Data structures
+---------------
+
+* `struct child_process`
+
+This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
+command to run in a sub-process.
+
+The caller:
+
+1. allocates and clears (memset(&chld, 0, sizeof(chld));) a
+   struct child_process variable;
+2. initializes the members;
+3. calls start_command();
+4. processes the data;
+5. closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);
+6. calls finish_command().
+
+The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
+terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
+without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
+the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
+
+The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
+stderr as follows:
+
+. Specify 0 to request no special redirection. No new file descriptor
+  is allocated. The child process simply inherits the channel from the
+  parent.
+
+. Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated; start_command() replaces -1
+  by the pipe FD in the following way:
+
+	.in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller writes;
+		the readable end of the pipe becomes the child's stdin.
+
+	.out, .err: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
+		reads; the writable end of the pipe end becomes child's
+		stdout/stderr.
+
+  The caller of start_command() must close the so returned FDs
+  after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
+
+. Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the child:
+
+	.in: The FD must be readable; it becomes child's stdin.
+	.out: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stdout.
+	.err > 0 is not supported.
+
+  The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even if it fails to
+  run the sub-process!
+
+. Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
+  to 1:
+
+	.no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
+		redirected to /dev/null.
+
+	.stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to its
+		stderr. This happens after stderr is itself redirected.
+		So stdout will follow stderr to wherever it is
+		redirected.
+
+To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
+string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
+
+. If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains '='
+  the variable is added to the child process's environment.
+
+. If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
+  variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
+
+To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
+specify it in the .dir member.
+
+If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
+errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
+.silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
+special error condition.
+
+
+* `struct async`
+
+This describes a function to run asynchronously, whose purpose is
+to produce output that the caller reads.
+
+The caller:
+
+1. allocates and clears (memset(&asy, 0, sizeof(asy));) a
+   struct async variable;
+2. initializes .proc and .data;
+3. calls start_async();
+4. processes the data by reading from the fd in .out;
+5. closes .out;
+6. calls finish_async().
+
+The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:
+
+	int proc(int fd, void *data);
+
+. fd specifies a writable file descriptor to which the function must
+  write the data that it produces. The function *must* close this
+  descriptor before it returns.
+
+. data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
+  of struct async.
+
+. The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
+  on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
+  report failure as well.
+
+
+There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
+because this facility is implemented by a pipe to a forked process on
+UNIX, but by a thread in the same address space on Windows:
+
+. It cannot change the program's state (global variables, environment,
+  etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .out is the
+  only communication channel to the caller.
+
+. It must not change the program's state that the caller of the
+  facility also uses.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f63a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+setup API
+=========
+
+Talk about
+
+* setup_git_directory()
+* setup_git_directory_gently()
+* is_inside_git_dir()
+* is_inside_work_tree()
+* setup_work_tree()
+* get_pathspec()
+
+(Dscho)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afe2759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+strbuf API
+==========
+
+strbuf's are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
+APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it's often better to
+use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
+Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
+stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.
+
+An strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
+strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.
+
+strbufs has some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
+
+. The `buf` member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
+string operations safely. strbuf's _have_ to be initialized either by
+`strbuf_init()` or by `= STRBUF_INIT` before the invariants, though.
++
+Do *not* assume anything on what `buf` really is (e.g. if it is
+allocated memory or not), use `strbuf_detach()` to unwrap a memory
+buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
+way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later `free()`.
++
+However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
+the `buf` member, between the indices `0` and `len-1` (inclusive).
+
+. The `buf` member is a byte array that has at least `len + 1` bytes
+  allocated. The extra byte is used to store a `'\0'`, allowing the
+  `buf` member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
+  invariant is preserved.
++
+NOTE: It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
+      way:
++
+----
+strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <1>
+strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
+----
+<1> Here, the memory array starting at `sb->buf`, and of length
+`strbuf_avail(sb)` is all yours, and you can be sure that
+`strbuf_avail(sb)` is at least `SOME_SIZE`.
++
+NOTE: `SOME_OTHER_SIZE` must be smaller or equal to `strbuf_avail(sb)`.
++
+Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
+missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
++
+WARNING: Do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size `alloc
+- 1` even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
+"private" member that should not be messed with. Use `strbuf_avail()`
+instead.
+
+Data structures
+---------------
+
+* `struct strbuf`
+
+This is the string buffer structure. The `len` member can be used to
+determine the current length of the string, and `buf` member provides access to
+the string itself.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+* Life cycle
+
+`strbuf_init`::
+
+	Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
+	number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
+
+`strbuf_release`::
+
+	Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
+	string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
+
+`strbuf_detach`::
+
+	Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
+	storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
+	to release it with `free(3)` when you are done with it.
+
+`strbuf_attach`::
+
+	Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
+	the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
+	The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
+	pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string.  This string _must_ be
+	malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
+	anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
+
+`strbuf_swap`::
+
+	Swap the contents of two string buffers.
+
+* Related to the size of the buffer
+
+`strbuf_avail`::
+
+	Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
+
+`strbuf_grow`::
+
+	Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
+	`len`. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
+	and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
+	This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
+	some cases.
+
+`strbuf_setlen`::
+
+	Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does *not*
+	allocate new memory, so you should not perform a `strbuf_setlen()` to a
+	length that is larger than `len + strbuf_avail()`. `strbuf_setlen()` is
+	just meant as a 'please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
+	with'.
+
+`strbuf_reset`::
+
+	Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
+
+* Related to the contents of the buffer
+
+`strbuf_rtrim`::
+
+	Strip whitespace from the end of a string.
+
+`strbuf_cmp`::
+
+	Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
+	than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
+	to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
+
+* Adding data to the buffer
+
+NOTE: All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as necessary.
+If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the buffer hadn't
+been allocated before (i.e. the `struct strbuf` was set to `STRBUF_INIT`),
+then they will free() it.
+
+`strbuf_addch`::
+
+	Add a single character to the buffer.
+
+`strbuf_insert`::
+
+	Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
+	will be shifted, not overwritten.
+
+`strbuf_remove`::
+
+	Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
+
+`strbuf_splice`::
+
+	Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
+	data.
+
+`strbuf_add`::
+
+	Add data of given length to the buffer.
+
+`strbuf_addstr`::
+
+Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
++
+NOTE: This function will *always* be implemented as an inline or a macro
+that expands to:
++
+----
+strbuf_add(..., s, strlen(s));
+----
++
+Meaning that this is efficient to write things like:
++
+----
+strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");
+----
+
+`strbuf_addbuf`::
+
+	Copy the contents of an other buffer at the end of the current one.
+
+`strbuf_adddup`::
+
+	Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
+	end of the buffer.
+
+`strbuf_expand`::
+
+	This function can be used to expand a format string containing
+	placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
+	function for every percent sign found.
++
+The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the `%`
+and a pointer to the struct strbuf.  It is expected to add the expanded
+version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
+character if the letter `n` appears after a `%`.  The function returns
+the length of the placeholder recognized and `strbuf_expand()` skips
+over it.
++
+The format `%%` is automatically expanded to a single `%` as a quoting
+mechanism; callers do not need to handle the `%` placeholder themselves,
+and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.
++
+All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
+verbatim to the strbuf.  If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
+placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.
++
+In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
+parameters to the callback, `strbuf_expand()` passes a context pointer,
+which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
+
+`strbuf_expand_dict_cb`::
+
+	Used as callback for `strbuf_expand()`, expects an array of
+	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
+	placeholder and replacement string.  The array needs to be
+	terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
+
+`strbuf_addbuf_percentquote`::
+
+	Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
+	percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
+	destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
+	strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
+
+`strbuf_addf`::
+
+	Add a formatted string to the buffer.
+
+`strbuf_fread`::
+
+	Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
++
+NOTE: The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
+`errno` must be consulted, like you would do for `read(3)`.
+`strbuf_read()`, `strbuf_read_file()` and `strbuf_getline()` has the
+same behaviour as well.
+
+`strbuf_read`::
+
+	Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
+	used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
+
+`strbuf_read_file`::
+
+	Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
+	can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
+
+`strbuf_readlink`::
+
+	Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path.  The third
+	argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
+
+`strbuf_getline`::
+
+	Read a line from a FILE* pointer. The second argument specifies the line
+	terminator character, typically `'\n'`.
+
+`stripspace`::
+
+	Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
+	comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
+
+`launch_editor`::
+
+	Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
+	with the file's contents upon the user completing their editing. The
+	third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
+	run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
+	file's contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..293bb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+string-list API
+===============
+
+The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle sorted
+and unsorted string lists.
+
+The 'string_list' struct used to be called 'path_list', but was renamed
+because it is not specific to paths.
+
+The caller:
+
+. Allocates and clears a `struct string_list` variable.
+
+. Initializes the members. You might want to set the flag `strdup_strings`
+  if the strings should be strdup()ed. For example, this is necessary
+  when you add something like git_path("..."), since that function returns
+  a static buffer that will change with the next call to git_path().
++
+If you need something advanced, you can manually malloc() the `items`
+member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the
+`nr` and `alloc` members in that case, too.
+
+. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append` or
+  `string_list_insert`.
+
+. Can check if a string is in the list using `string_list_has_string` or
+  `unsorted_string_list_has_string` and get it from the list using
+  `string_list_lookup` for sorted lists.
+
+. Can sort an unsorted list using `sort_string_list`.
+
+. Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`.
+
+Example:
+
+----
+struct string_list list;
+int i;
+
+memset(&list, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
+string_list_append("foo", &list);
+string_list_append("bar", &list);
+for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
+	printf("%s\n", list.items[i].string)
+----
+
+NOTE: It is more efficient to build an unsorted list and sort it
+afterwards, instead of building a sorted list (`O(n log n)` instead of
+`O(n^2)`).
++
+However, if you use the list to check if a certain string was added
+already, you should not do that (using unsorted_string_list_has_string()),
+because the complexity would be quadratic again (but with a worse factor).
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+* General ones (works with sorted and unsorted lists as well)
+
+`print_string_list`::
+
+	Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It
+	can take an optional header argument and it writes out the
+	string-pointer pairs of the string_list, each one in its own line.
+
+`string_list_clear`::
+
+	Free a string_list. The `string` pointer of the items will be freed in
+	case the `strdup_strings` member of the string_list is set. The second
+	parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the items should be freed
+	or not.
+
+* Functions for sorted lists only
+
+`string_list_has_string`::
+
+	Determine if the string_list has a given string or not.
+
+`string_list_insert`::
+
+	Insert a new element to the string_list. The returned pointer can be
+	handy if you want to write something to the `util` pointer of the
+	string_list_item containing the just added string.
++
+Since this function uses xrealloc() (which die()s if it fails) if the
+list needs to grow, it is safe not to check the pointer. I.e. you may
+write `string_list_insert(...)->util = ...;`.
+
+`string_list_lookup`::
+
+	Look up a given string in the string_list, returning the containing
+	string_list_item. If the string is not found, NULL is returned.
+
+* Functions for unsorted lists only
+
+`string_list_append`::
+
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.
+
+`sort_string_list`::
+
+	Make an unsorted list sorted.
+
+`unsorted_string_list_has_string`::
+
+	It's like `string_list_has_string()` but for unsorted lists.
++
+This function needs to look through all items, as opposed to its
+counterpart for sorted lists, which performs a binary search.
+
+Data structures
+---------------
+
+* `struct string_list_item`
+
+Represents an item of the list. The `string` member is a pointer to the
+string, and you may use the `util` member for any purpose, if you want.
+
+* `struct string_list`
+
+Represents the list itself.
+
+. The array of items are available via the `items` member.
+. The `nr` member contains the number of items stored in the list.
+. The `alloc` member is used to avoid reallocating at every insertion.
+  You should not tamper with it.
+. Setting the `strdup_strings` member to 1 will strdup() the strings
+  before adding them, see above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55b7286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+tree walking API
+================
+
+The tree walking API is used to traverse and inspect trees.
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct name_entry`::
+
+	An entry in a tree. Each entry has a sha1 identifier, pathname, and
+	mode.
+
+`struct tree_desc`::
+
+	A semi-opaque data structure used to maintain the current state of the
+	walk.
++
+* `buffer` is a pointer into the memory representation of the tree. It always
+points at the current entry being visited.
+
+* `size` counts the number of bytes left in the `buffer`.
+
+* `entry` points to the current entry being visited.
+
+`struct traverse_info`::
+
+	A structure used to maintain the state of a traversal.
++
+* `prev` points to the traverse_info which was used to descend into the
+current tree. If this is the top-level tree `prev` will point to
+a dummy traverse_info.
+
+* `name` is the entry for the current tree (if the tree is a subtree).
+
+* `pathlen` is the length of the full path for the current tree.
+
+* `conflicts` can be used by callbacks to maintain directory-file conflicts.
+
+* `fn` is a callback called for each entry in the tree. See Traversing for more
+information.
+
+* `data` can be anything the `fn` callback would want to use.
+
+Initializing
+------------
+
+`init_tree_desc`::
+
+	Initialize a `tree_desc` and decode its first entry. The buffer and
+	size parameters are assumed to be the same as the buffer and size
+	members of `struct tree`.
+
+`fill_tree_descriptor`::
+
+	Initialize a `tree_desc` and decode its first entry given the sha1 of
+	a tree. Returns the `buffer` member if the sha1 is a valid tree
+	identifier and NULL otherwise.
+
+`setup_traverse_info`::
+
+	Initialize a `traverse_info` given the pathname of the tree to start
+	traversing from. The `base` argument is assumed to be the `path`
+	member of the `name_entry` being recursed into unless the tree is a
+	top-level tree in which case the empty string ("") is used.
+
+Walking
+-------
+
+`tree_entry`::
+
+	Visit the next entry in a tree. Returns 1 when there are more entries
+	left to visit and 0 when all entries have been visited. This is
+	commonly used in the test of a while loop.
+
+`tree_entry_len`::
+
+	Calculate the length of a tree entry's pathname. This utilizes the
+	memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the overhead of using a
+	generic strlen().
+
+`update_tree_entry`::
+
+	Walk to the next entry in a tree. This is commonly used in conjunction
+	with `tree_entry_extract` to inspect the current entry.
+
+`tree_entry_extract`::
+
+	Decode the entry currently being visited (the one pointed to by
+	`tree_desc's` `entry` member) and return the sha1 of the entry. The
+	`pathp` and `modep` arguments are set to the entry's pathname and mode
+	respectively.
+
+`get_tree_entry`::
+
+	Find an entry in a tree given a pathname and the sha1 of a tree to
+	search. Returns 0 if the entry is found and -1 otherwise. The third
+	and fourth parameters are set to the entry's sha1 and mode
+	respectively.
+
+Traversing
+----------
+
+`traverse_trees`::
+
+	Traverse `n` number of trees in parallel. The `fn` callback member of
+	`traverse_info` is called once for each tree entry.
+
+`traverse_callback_t`::
+	The arguments passed to the traverse callback are as follows:
++
+* `n` counts the number of trees being traversed.
+
+* `mask` has its nth bit set if something exists in the nth entry.
+
+* `dirmask` has its nth bit set if the nth tree's entry is a directory.
+
+* `entry` is an array of size `n` where the nth entry is from the nth tree.
+
+* `info` maintains the state of the traversal.
+
++
+Returning a negative value will terminate the traversal. Otherwise the
+return value is treated as an update mask. If the nth bit is set the nth tree
+will be updated and if the bit is not set the nth tree entry will be the
+same in the next callback invocation.
+
+`make_traverse_path`::
+
+	Generate the full pathname of a tree entry based from the root of the
+	traversal. For example, if the traversal has recursed into another
+	tree named "bar" the pathname of an entry "baz" in the "bar"
+	tree would be "bar/baz".
+
+`traverse_path_len`::
+
+	Calculate the length of a pathname returned by `make_traverse_path`.
+	This utilizes the memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the
+	overhead of using a generic strlen().
+
+Authors
+-------
+
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds
+<torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-xdiff-interface.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-xdiff-interface.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6296eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-xdiff-interface.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+xdiff interface API
+===================
+
+Talk about our calling convention to xdiff library, including
+xdiff_emit_consume_fn.
+
+(Dscho, JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1803e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+GIT pack format
+===============
+
+= pack-*.pack files have the following format:
+
+   - A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:
+
+     4-byte signature:
+         The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'}
+
+     4-byte version number (network byte order):
+         GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
+         generates version 2 only.
+
+     4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order)
+
+     Observation: we cannot have more than 4G versions ;-) and
+     more than 4G objects in a pack.
+
+   - The header is followed by number of object entries, each of
+     which looks like this:
+
+     (undeltified representation)
+     n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
+     compressed data
+
+     (deltified representation)
+     n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
+     20-byte base object name
+     compressed delta data
+
+     Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
+     length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
+
+  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA1 checksum of all of the above.
+
+= Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
+
+  - The header consists of 256 4-byte network byte order
+    integers.  N-th entry of this table records the number of
+    objects in the corresponding pack, the first byte of whose
+    object name is less than or equal to N.  This is called the
+    'first-level fan-out' table.
+
+  - The header is followed by sorted 24-byte entries, one entry
+    per object in the pack.  Each entry is:
+
+    4-byte network byte order integer, recording where the
+    object is stored in the packfile as the offset from the
+    beginning.
+
+    20-byte object name.
+
+  - The file is concluded with a trailer:
+
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    corresponding packfile.
+
+    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+
+Pack Idx file:
+
+	--  +--------------------------------+
+fanout	    | fanout[0] = 2 (for example)    |-.
+table	    +--------------------------------+ |
+	    | fanout[1]                      | |
+	    +--------------------------------+ |
+	    | fanout[2]                      | |
+	    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
+	    | fanout[255] = total objects    |---.
+	--  +--------------------------------+ | |
+main	    | offset                         | | |
+index	    | object name 00XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | | |
+table	    +--------------------------------+ | |
+	    | offset                         | | |
+	    | object name 00XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | | |
+	    +--------------------------------+<+ |
+	  .-| offset                         |   |
+	  | | object name 01XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |   |
+	  | +--------------------------------+   |
+	  | | offset                         |   |
+	  | | object name 01XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |   |
+	  | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   |
+	  | | offset                         |   |
+	  | | object name FFXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |   |
+	--| +--------------------------------+<--+
+trailer	  | | packfile checksum              |
+	  | +--------------------------------+
+	  | | idxfile checksum               |
+	  | +--------------------------------+
+          .-------.
+                  |
+Pack file entry: <+
+
+     packed object header:
+	1-byte size extension bit (MSB)
+	       type (next 3 bit)
+	       size0 (lower 4-bit)
+        n-byte sizeN (as long as MSB is set, each 7-bit)
+		size0..sizeN form 4+7+7+..+7 bit integer, size0
+		is the least significant part, and sizeN is the
+		most significant part.
+     packed object data:
+        If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
+		is the size before compression).
+	If it is REF_DELTA, then
+	  20-byte base object name SHA1 (the size above is the
+		size of the delta data that follows).
+          delta data, deflated.
+	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
+	  n-byte offset (see below) interpreted as a negative
+		offset from the type-byte of the header of the
+		ofs-delta entry (the size above is the size of
+		the delta data that follows).
+	  delta data, deflated.
+
+     offset encoding:
+	  n bytes with MSB set in all but the last one.
+	  The offset is then the number constructed by
+	  concatenating the lower 7 bit of each byte, and
+	  for n >= 2 adding 2^7 + 2^14 + ... + 2^(7*(n-1))
+	  to the result.
+
+
+
+= Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
+  have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
+
+  - A 4-byte magic number '\377tOc' which is an unreasonable
+    fanout[0] value.
+
+  - A 4-byte version number (= 2)
+
+  - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
+
+  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA1 object names.  These are
+    packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
+    footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
+
+  - A table of 4-byte CRC32 values of the packed object data.
+    This is new in v2 so compressed data can be copied directly
+    from pack to pack during repacking without undetected
+    data corruption.
+
+  - A table of 4-byte offset values (in network byte order).
+    These are usually 31-bit pack file offsets, but large
+    offsets are encoded as an index into the next table with
+    the msbit set.
+
+  - A table of 8-byte offset entries (empty for pack files less
+    than 2 GiB).  Pack files are organized with heavily used
+    objects toward the front, so most object references should
+    not need to refer to this table.
+
+  - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
+
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    corresponding packfile.
+
+    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..103eb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+        Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
+        ===================================
+
+        Oh, here's a really stupid question:
+
+                  Where do I go
+               to learn the details
+	    of git's packing heuristics?
+
+Be careful what you ask!
+
+Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to
+February 10, 2006.
+
+It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself,
+Linus Torvalds (linus).  Nathaniel Smith, (njs`), has the floor
+and seeks enlightenment.  Others are present, but silent.
+
+Let's listen in!
+
+    <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to
+        learn the details of git's packing heuristics?  google avails
+        me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading
+        through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any
+        of that.
+
+It is a bold start!  A plea for help combined with a simultaneous
+tri-part attack on some of the tried and true mainstays in the quest
+for enlightenment.  Brash accusations of google being useless. Hubris!
+Maligning the source.  Heresy!  Disdain for the mailing list archives.
+Woe.
+
+    <pasky> yes, the packing-related delta stuff is somewhat
+        mysterious even for me ;)
+
+Ah!  Modesty after all.
+
+    <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where
+	 I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved.
+	 Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially
+	 Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.
+
+It's cryptic, yet vague.  Linus in style for sure.  Wise men
+interpret this as an apology.  A few argue it is merely a
+statement of fact.
+
+    <njs`> I guess the next step is "read the source again", but I
+        have to build up a certain level of gumption first :-)
+
+Indeed!  On both points.
+
+    <linus> The packing heuristic is actually really really simple.
+
+Bait...
+
+    <linus> But strange.
+
+And switch.  That ought to do it!
+
+    <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
+        - generate a list of all objects
+        - sort the list according to magic heuristics
+        - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object
+          can be diffed against another object in the window
+        - write out the list in recency order
+
+The traditional understatement:
+
+    <njs`> I suspect that what I'm missing is the precise definition of
+        the word "magic"
+
+The traditional insight:
+
+    <pasky> yes
+
+And Babel-like confusion flowed.
+
+    <njs`> oh, hmm, and I'm not sure what this sliding window means either
+
+    <pasky> iirc, it appeared to me to be just the sha1 of the object
+        when reading the code casually ...
+
+        ... which simply doesn't sound as a very good heuristics, though ;)
+
+    <njs`> .....and recency order.  okay, I think it's clear I didn't
+       even realize how much I wasn't realizing :-)
+
+Ah, grasshopper!  And thus the enlightenment begins anew.
+
+    <linus> The "magic" is actually in theory totally arbitrary.
+        ANY order will give you a working pack, but no, it's not
+        ordered by SHA1.
+
+        Before talking about the ordering for the sliding delta
+        window, let's talk about the recency order. That's more
+        important in one way.
+
+    <njs`> Right, but if all you want is a working way to pack things
+        together, you could just use cat and save yourself some
+        trouble...
+
+Waaait for it....
+
+    <linus> The recency ordering (which is basically: put objects
+        _physically_ into the pack in the order that they are
+        "reachable" from the head) is important.
+
+    <njs`> okay
+
+    <linus> It's important because that's the thing that gives packs
+        good locality. It keeps the objects close to the head (whether
+        they are old or new, but they are _reachable_ from the head)
+        at the head of the pack. So packs actually have absolutely
+        _wonderful_ IO patterns.
+
+Read that again, because it is important.
+
+    <linus> But recency ordering is totally useless for deciding how
+        to actually generate the deltas, so the delta ordering is
+        something else.
+
+        The delta ordering is (wait for it):
+        - first sort by the "basename" of the object, as defined by
+          the name the object was _first_ reached through when
+          generating the object list
+        - within the same basename, sort by size of the object
+        - but always sort different types separately (commits first).
+
+        That's not exactly it, but it's very close.
+
+    <njs`> The "_first_ reached" thing is not too important, just you
+        need some way to break ties since the same objects may be
+        reachable many ways, yes?
+
+And as if to clarify:
+
+    <linus> The point is that it's all really just any random
+        heuristic, and the ordering is totally unimportant for
+        correctness, but it helps a lot if the heuristic gives
+        "clumping" for things that are likely to delta well against
+        each other.
+
+It is an important point, so secretly, I did my own research and have
+included my results below.  To be fair, it has changed some over time.
+And through the magic of Revisionistic History, I draw upon this entry
+from The Git IRC Logs on my father's birthday, March 1:
+
+    <gitster> The quote from the above linus should be rewritten a
+        bit (wait for it):
+        - first sort by type.  Different objects never delta with
+	  each other.
+        - then sort by filename/dirname.  hash of the basename
+          occupies the top BITS_PER_INT-DIR_BITS bits, and bottom
+          DIR_BITS are for the hash of leading path elements.
+        - then if we are doing "thin" pack, the objects we are _not_
+          going to pack but we know about are sorted earlier than
+          other objects.
+        - and finally sort by size, larger to smaller.
+
+In one swell-foop, clarification and obscurification!  Nonetheless,
+authoritative.  Cryptic, yet concise.  It even solicits notions of
+quotes from The Source Code.  Clearly, more study is needed.
+
+    <gitster> That's the sort order.  What this means is:
+        - we do not delta different object types.
+	- we prefer to delta the objects with the same full path, but
+          allow files with the same name from different directories.
+	- we always prefer to delta against objects we are not going
+          to send, if there are some.
+	- we prefer to delta against larger objects, so that we have
+          lots of removals.
+
+        The penultimate rule is for "thin" packs.  It is used when
+        the other side is known to have such objects.
+
+There it is again. "Thin" packs.  I'm thinking to myself, "What
+is a 'thin' pack?"  So I ask:
+
+    <jdl> What is a "thin" pack?
+
+    <gitster> Use of --objects-edge to rev-list as the upstream of
+        pack-objects.  The pack transfer protocol negotiates that.
+
+Woo hoo!  Cleared that _right_ up!
+
+    <gitster> There are two directions - push and fetch.
+
+There!  Did you see it?  It is not '"push" and "pull"'!  How often the
+confusion has started here.  So casually mentioned, too!
+
+    <gitster> For push, git-send-pack invokes git-receive-pack on the
+        other end.  The receive-pack says "I have up to these commits".
+        send-pack looks at them, and computes what are missing from
+        the other end.  So "thin" could be the default there.
+
+        In the other direction, fetch, git-fetch-pack and
+        git-clone-pack invokes git-upload-pack on the other end
+	(via ssh or by talking to the daemon).
+
+	There are two cases: fetch-pack with -k and clone-pack is one,
+        fetch-pack without -k is the other.  clone-pack and fetch-pack
+        with -k will keep the downloaded packfile without expanded, so
+        we do not use thin pack transfer.  Otherwise, the generated
+        pack will have delta without base object in the same pack.
+
+        But fetch-pack without -k will explode the received pack into
+        individual objects, so we automatically ask upload-pack to
+        give us a thin pack if upload-pack supports it.
+
+OK then.
+
+Uh.
+
+Let's return to the previous conversation still in progress.
+
+    <njs`> and "basename" means something like "the tail of end of
+        path of file objects and dir objects, as per basename(3), and
+        we just declare all commit and tag objects to have the same
+        basename" or something?
+
+Luckily, that too is a point that gitster clarified for us!
+
+If I might add, the trick is to make files that _might_ be similar be
+located close to each other in the hash buckets based on their file
+names.  It used to be that "foo/Makefile", "bar/baz/quux/Makefile" and
+"Makefile" all landed in the same bucket due to their common basename,
+"Makefile". However, now they land in "close" buckets.
+
+The algorithm allows not just for the _same_ bucket, but for _close_
+buckets to be considered delta candidates.  The rationale is
+essentially that files, like Makefiles, often have very similar
+content no matter what directory they live in.
+
+    <linus> I played around with different delta algorithms, and with
+        making the "delta window" bigger, but having too big of a
+        sliding window makes it very expensive to generate the pack:
+        you need to compare every object with a _ton_ of other objects.
+
+        There are a number of other trivial heuristics too, which
+        basically boil down to "don't bother even trying to delta this
+        pair" if we can tell before-hand that the delta isn't worth it
+        (due to size differences, where we can take a previous delta
+        result into account to decide that "ok, no point in trying
+        that one, it will be worse").
+
+        End result: packing is actually very size efficient. It's
+        somewhat CPU-wasteful, but on the other hand, since you're
+        really only supposed to do it maybe once a month (and you can
+        do it during the night), nobody really seems to care.
+
+Nice Engineering Touch, there.  Find when it doesn't matter, and
+proclaim it a non-issue.  Good style too!
+
+    <njs`> So, just to repeat to see if I'm following, we start by
+        getting a list of the objects we want to pack, we sort it by
+        this heuristic (basically lexicographically on the tuple
+        (type, basename, size)).
+
+        Then we walk through this list, and calculate a delta of
+        each object against the last n (tunable parameter) objects,
+        and pick the smallest of these deltas.
+
+Vastly simplified, but the essence is there!
+
+    <linus> Correct.
+
+    <njs`> And then once we have picked a delta or fulltext to
+        represent each object, we re-sort by recency, and write them
+        out in that order.
+
+    <linus> Yup. Some other small details:
+
+And of course there is the "Other Shoe" Factor too.
+
+    <linus> - We limit the delta depth to another magic value (right
+        now both the window and delta depth magic values are just "10")
+
+    <njs`> Hrm, my intuition is that you'd end up with really _bad_ IO
+        patterns, because the things you want are near by, but to
+        actually reconstruct them you may have to jump all over in
+        random ways.
+
+    <linus> - When we write out a delta, and we haven't yet written
+        out the object it is a delta against, we write out the base
+        object first.  And no, when we reconstruct them, we actually
+        get nice IO patterns, because:
+        - larger objects tend to be "more recent" (Linus' law: files grow)
+        - we actively try to generate deltas from a larger object to a
+          smaller one
+        - this means that the top-of-tree very seldom has deltas
+          (i.e. deltas in _practice_ are "backwards deltas")
+
+Again, we should reread that whole paragraph.  Not just because
+Linus has slipped Linus's Law in there on us, but because it is
+important.  Let's make sure we clarify some of the points here:
+
+    <njs`> So the point is just that in practice, delta order and
+        recency order match each other quite well.
+
+    <linus> Yes. There's another nice side to this (and yes, it was
+	designed that way ;):
+        - the reason we generate deltas against the larger object is
+	  actually a big space saver too!
+
+    <njs`> Hmm, but your last comment (if "we haven't yet written out
+        the object it is a delta against, we write out the base object
+        first"), seems like it would make these facts mostly
+        irrelevant because even if in practice you would not have to
+        wander around much, in fact you just brute-force say that in
+        the cases where you might have to wander, don't do that :-)
+
+    <linus> Yes and no. Notice the rule: we only write out the base
+        object first if the delta against it was more recent.  That
+        means that you can actually have deltas that refer to a base
+        object that is _not_ close to the delta object, but that only
+        happens when the delta is needed to generate an _old_ object.
+
+    <linus> See?
+
+Yeah, no.  I missed that on the first two or three readings myself.
+
+    <linus> This keeps the front of the pack dense. The front of the
+        pack never contains data that isn't relevant to a "recent"
+        object.  The size optimization comes from our use of xdelta
+        (but is true for many other delta algorithms): removing data
+        is cheaper (in size) than adding data.
+
+        When you remove data, you only need to say "copy bytes n--m".
+	In contrast, in a delta that _adds_ data, you have to say "add
+        these bytes: 'actual data goes here'"
+
+    *** njs` has quit: Read error: 104 (Connection reset by peer)
+
+    <linus> Uhhuh. I hope I didn't blow njs` mind.
+
+    *** njs` has joined channel #git
+
+    <pasky> :)
+
+The silent observers are amused.  Of course.
+
+And as if njs` was expected to be omniscient:
+
+    <linus> njs - did you miss anything?
+
+OK, I'll spell it out.  That's Geek Humor.  If njs` was not actually
+connected for a little bit there, how would he know if missed anything
+while he was disconnected?  He's a benevolent dictator with a sense of
+humor!  Well noted!
+
+    <njs`> Stupid router.  Or gremlins, or whatever.
+
+It's a cheap shot at Cisco.  Take 'em when you can.
+
+    <njs`> Yes and no. Notice the rule: we only write out the base
+        object first if the delta against it was more recent.
+
+        I'm getting lost in all these orders, let me re-read :-)
+	So the write-out order is from most recent to least recent?
+        (Conceivably it could be the opposite way too, I'm not sure if
+        we've said) though my connection back at home is logging, so I
+        can just read what you said there :-)
+
+And for those of you paying attention, the Omniscient Trick has just
+been detailed!
+
+    <linus> Yes, we always write out most recent first
+
+For the other record:
+
+    <pasky> njs`: http://pastebin.com/547965
+
+The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
+
+    <njs`> And, yeah, I got the part about deeper-in-history stuff
+        having worse IO characteristics, one sort of doesn't care.
+
+    <linus> With the caveat that if the "most recent" needs an older
+        object to delta against (hey, shrinking sometimes does
+        happen), we write out the old object with the delta.
+
+    <njs`> (if only it happened more...)
+
+    <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but
+        because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and
+        for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.
+
+Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being
+used as setup for a later optimization, which is a real word:
+
+    <linus> In particular, while the pack-file is then compressed,
+        it's compressed just one object at a time, so the actual
+        compression factor is less than it could be in theory. But it
+        means that it's all nice random-access with a simple index to
+        do "object name->location in packfile" translation.
+
+    <njs`> I'm assuming the real win for delta-ing large->small is
+        more homogeneous statistics for gzip to run over?
+
+        (You have to put the bytes in one place or another, but
+        putting them in a larger blob wins on compression)
+
+        Actually, what is the compression strategy -- each delta
+        individually gzipped, the whole file gzipped, somewhere in
+        between, no compression at all, ....?
+
+        Right.
+
+Reality IRC sets in.  For example:
+
+    <pasky> I'll read the rest in the morning, I really have to go
+        sleep or there's no hope whatsoever for me at the today's
+        exam... g'nite all.
+
+Heh.
+
+    <linus> pasky: g'nite
+
+    <njs`> pasky: 'luck
+
+    <linus> Right: large->small matters exactly because of compression
+        behaviour. If it was non-compressed, it probably wouldn't make
+        any difference.
+
+    <njs`> yeah
+
+    <linus> Anyway: I'm not even trying to claim that the pack-files
+        are perfect, but they do tend to have a nice balance of
+        density vs ease-of use.
+
+Gasp!  OK, saved.  That's a fair Engineering trade off.  Close call!
+In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals,
+design options, etc.
+
+    <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_
+        never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.
+
+        Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file
+        behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean
+        that the basic git concepts are really really simple and
+        straightforward.
+
+        It's all been quite stable.
+
+        Which I think is very much a result of having very simple
+        basic ideas, so that there's never any confusion about what's
+        going on.
+
+        Bugs happen, but they are "simple" bugs. And bugs that
+        actually get some object store detail wrong are almost always
+        so obvious that they never go anywhere.
+
+    <njs`> Yeah.
+
+Nuff said.
+
+    <linus> Anyway.  I'm off for bed. It's not 6AM here, but I've got
+	 three kids, and have to get up early in the morning to send
+	 them off. I need my beauty sleep.
+
+    <njs`> :-)
+
+    <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the
+        details on git packs :-)
+
+And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a5cdaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+Packfile transfer protocols
+===========================
+
+Git supports transferring data in packfiles over the ssh://, git:// and
+file:// transports.  There exist two sets of protocols, one for pushing
+data from a client to a server and another for fetching data from a
+server to a client.  All three transports (ssh, git, file) use the same
+protocol to transfer data.
+
+The processes invoked in the canonical Git implementation are 'upload-pack'
+on the server side and 'fetch-pack' on the client side for fetching data;
+then 'receive-pack' on the server and 'send-pack' on the client for pushing
+data.  The protocol functions to have a server tell a client what is
+currently on the server, then for the two to negotiate the smallest amount
+of data to send in order to fully update one or the other.
+
+Transports
+----------
+There are three transports over which the packfile protocol is
+initiated.  The Git transport is a simple, unauthenticated server that
+takes the command (almost always 'upload-pack', though Git
+servers can be configured to be globally writable, in which 'receive-
+pack' initiation is also allowed) with which the client wishes to
+communicate and executes it and connects it to the requesting
+process.
+
+In the SSH transport, the client just runs the 'upload-pack'
+or 'receive-pack' process on the server over the SSH protocol and then
+communicates with that invoked process over the SSH connection.
+
+The file:// transport runs the 'upload-pack' or 'receive-pack'
+process locally and communicates with it over a pipe.
+
+Git Transport
+-------------
+
+The Git transport starts off by sending the command and repository
+on the wire using the pkt-line format, followed by a NUL byte and a
+hostname paramater, terminated by a NUL byte.
+
+   0032git-upload-pack /project.git\0host=myserver.com\0
+
+--
+   git-proto-request = request-command SP pathname NUL [ host-parameter NUL ]
+   request-command   = "git-upload-pack" / "git-receive-pack" /
+		       "git-upload-archive"   ; case sensitive
+   pathname          = *( %x01-ff ) ; exclude NUL
+   host-parameter    = "host=" hostname [ ":" port ]
+--
+
+Only host-parameter is allowed in the git-proto-request. Clients
+MUST NOT attempt to send additional parameters. It is used for the
+git-daemon name based virtual hosting.  See --interpolated-path
+option to git daemon, with the %H/%CH format characters.
+
+Basically what the Git client is doing to connect to an 'upload-pack'
+process on the server side over the Git protocol is this:
+
+   $ echo -e -n \
+     "0039git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0" |
+     nc -v example.com 9418
+
+
+SSH Transport
+-------------
+
+Initiating the upload-pack or receive-pack processes over SSH is
+executing the binary on the server via SSH remote execution.
+It is basically equivalent to running this:
+
+   $ ssh git.example.com "git-upload-pack '/project.git'"
+
+For a server to support Git pushing and pulling for a given user over
+SSH, that user needs to be able to execute one or both of those
+commands via the SSH shell that they are provided on login.  On some
+systems, that shell access is limited to only being able to run those
+two commands, or even just one of them.
+
+In an ssh:// format URI, it's absolute in the URI, so the '/' after
+the host name (or port number) is sent as an argument, which is then
+read by the remote git-upload-pack exactly as is, so it's effectively
+an absolute path in the remote filesystem.
+
+       git clone ssh://user@example.com/project.git
+		    |
+		    v
+    ssh user@example.com "git-upload-pack '/project.git'"
+
+In a "user@host:path" format URI, its relative to the user's home
+directory, because the Git client will run:
+
+     git clone user@example.com:project.git
+		    |
+		    v
+  ssh user@example.com "git-upload-pack 'project.git'"
+
+The exception is if a '~' is used, in which case
+we execute it without the leading '/'.
+
+      ssh://user@example.com/~alice/project.git,
+		     |
+		     v
+   ssh user@example.com "git-upload-pack '~alice/project.git'"
+
+A few things to remember here:
+
+- The "command name" is spelled with dash (e.g. git-upload-pack), but
+  this can be overridden by the client;
+
+- The repository path is always quoted with single quotes.
+
+Fetching Data From a Server
+===========================
+
+When one Git repository wants to get data that a second repository
+has, the first can 'fetch' from the second.  This operation determines
+what data the server has that the client does not then streams that
+data down to the client in packfile format.
+
+
+Reference Discovery
+-------------------
+
+When the client initially connects the server will immediately respond
+with a listing of each reference it has (all branches and tags) along
+with the object name that each reference currently points to.
+
+   $ echo -e -n "0039git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0" |
+      nc -v example.com 9418
+   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
+   00441d3fcd5ced445d1abc402225c0b8a1299641f497 refs/heads/integration
+   003f7217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 refs/heads/master
+   003cb88d2441cac0977faf98efc80305012112238d9d refs/tags/v0.9
+   003c525128480b96c89e6418b1e40909bf6c5b2d580f refs/tags/v1.0
+   003fe92df48743b7bc7d26bcaabfddde0a1e20cae47c refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+   0000
+
+Server SHOULD terminate each non-flush line using LF ("\n") terminator;
+client MUST NOT complain if there is no terminator.
+
+The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
+its current value.  The stream MUST be sorted by name according to
+the C locale ordering.
+
+If HEAD is a valid ref, HEAD MUST appear as the first advertised
+ref.  If HEAD is not a valid ref, HEAD MUST NOT appear in the
+advertisement list at all, but other refs may still appear.
+
+The stream MUST include capability declarations behind a NUL on the
+first ref. The peeled value of a ref (that is "ref^{}") MUST be
+immediately after the ref itself, if presented. A conforming server
+MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag.
+
+----
+  advertised-refs  =  (no-refs / list-of-refs)
+		      flush-pkt
+
+  no-refs          =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}"
+		      NUL capability-list LF)
+
+  list-of-refs     =  first-ref *other-ref
+  first-ref        =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP refname
+		      NUL capability-list LF)
+
+  other-ref        =  PKT-LINE(other-tip / other-peeled)
+  other-tip        =  obj-id SP refname LF
+  other-peeled     =  obj-id SP refname "^{}" LF
+
+  capability-list  =  capability *(SP capability)
+  capability       =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
+  LC_ALPHA         =  %x61-7A
+----
+
+Server and client MUST use lowercase for obj-id, both MUST treat obj-id
+as case-insensitive.
+
+See protocol-capabilities.txt for a list of allowed server capabilities
+and descriptions.
+
+Packfile Negotiation
+--------------------
+After reference and capabilities discovery, the client can decide
+to terminate the connection by sending a flush-pkt, telling the
+server it can now gracefully terminate (as happens with the ls-remote
+command) or it can enter the negotiation phase, where the client and
+server determine what the minimal packfile necessary for transport is.
+
+Once the client has the initial list of references that the server
+has, as well as the list of capabilities, it will begin telling the
+server what objects it wants and what objects it has, so the server
+can make a packfile that only contains the objects that the client needs.
+The client will also send a list of the capabilities it wants to be in
+effect, out of what the server said it could do with the first 'want' line.
+
+----
+  upload-request    =  want-list
+		       have-list
+		       compute-end
+
+  want-list         =  first-want
+		       *additional-want
+		       flush-pkt
+
+  first-want        =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id SP capability-list LF)
+  additional-want   =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id LF)
+
+  have-list         =  *have-line
+  have-line         =  PKT-LINE("have" SP obj-id LF)
+  compute-end       =  flush-pkt / PKT-LINE("done")
+----
+
+Clients MUST send all the obj-ids it wants from the reference
+discovery phase as 'want' lines. Clients MUST send at least one
+'want' command in the request body. Clients MUST NOT mention an
+obj-id in a 'want' command which did not appear in the response
+obtained through ref discovery.
+
+If client is requesting a shallow clone, it will now send a 'deepen'
+line with the depth it is requesting.
+
+Once all the "want"s (and optional 'deepen') are transferred,
+clients MUST send a flush-pkt. If the client has all the references
+on the server, client flushes and disconnects.
+
+TODO: shallow/unshallow response and document the deepen command in the ABNF.
+
+Now the client will send a list of the obj-ids it has using 'have'
+lines.  In multi_ack mode, the canonical implementation will send up
+to 32 of these at a time, then will send a flush-pkt.  The canonical
+implementation will skip ahead and send the next 32 immediately,
+so that there is always a block of 32 "in-flight on the wire" at a
+time.
+
+If the server reads 'have' lines, it then will respond by ACKing any
+of the obj-ids the client said it had that the server also has. The
+server will ACK obj-ids differently depending on which ack mode is
+chosen by the client.
+
+In multi_ack mode:
+
+  * the server will respond with 'ACK obj-id continue' for any common
+    commits.
+
+  * once the server has found an acceptable common base commit and is
+    ready to make a packfile, it will blindly ACK all 'have' obj-ids
+    back to the client.
+
+  * the server will then send a 'NACK' and then wait for another response
+    from the client - either a 'done' or another list of 'have' lines.
+
+In multi_ack_detailed mode:
+
+  * the server will differentiate the ACKs where it is signaling
+    that it is ready to send data with 'ACK obj-id ready' lines, and
+    signals the identified common commits with 'ACK obj-id common' lines.
+
+Without either multi_ack or multi_ack_detailed:
+
+ * upload-pack sends "ACK obj-id" on the first common object it finds.
+   After that it says nothing until the client gives it a "done".
+
+ * upload-pack sends "NAK" on a flush-pkt if no common object
+   has been found yet.  If one has been found, and thus an ACK
+   was already sent, it's silent on the flush-pkt.
+
+After the client has gotten enough ACK responses that it can determine
+that the server has enough information to send an efficient packfile
+(in the canonical implementation, this is determined when it has received
+enough ACKs that it can color everything left in the --date-order queue
+as common with the server, or the --date-order queue is empty), or the
+client determines that it wants to give up (in the canonical implementation,
+this is determined when the client sends 256 'have' lines without getting
+any of them ACKed by the server - meaning there is nothing in common and
+the server should just send all of its objects), then the client will send
+a 'done' command.  The 'done' command signals to the server that the client
+is ready to receive its packfile data.
+
+However, the 256 limit *only* turns on in the canonical client
+implementation if we have received at least one "ACK %s continue"
+during a prior round.  This helps to ensure that at least one common
+ancestor is found before we give up entirely.
+
+Once the 'done' line is read from the client, the server will either
+send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. The server only sends
+ACK after 'done' if there is at least one common base and multi_ack or
+multi_ack_detailed is enabled. The server always sends NAK after 'done'
+if there is no common base found.
+
+Then the server will start sending its packfile data.
+
+----
+  server-response = *ack_multi ack / nak
+  ack_multi       = PKT-LINE("ACK" SP obj-id ack_status LF)
+  ack_status      = "continue" / "common" / "ready"
+  ack             = PKT-LINE("ACK SP obj-id LF)
+  nak             = PKT-LINE("NAK" LF)
+----
+
+A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines):
+
+----
+   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \
+     side-band-64k ofs-delta\n
+   C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n
+   C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n
+   C: 0032want 7e47fe2bd8d01d481f44d7af0531bd93d3b21c01\n
+   C: 0032want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\n
+   C: 0000
+   C: 0009done\n
+
+   S: 0008NAK\n
+   S: [PACKFILE]
+----
+
+An incremental update (fetch) response might look like this:
+
+----
+   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \
+     side-band-64k ofs-delta\n
+   C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n
+   C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n
+   C: 0000
+   C: 0032have 7e47fe2bd8d01d481f44d7af0531bd93d3b21c01\n
+   C: [30 more have lines]
+   C: 0032have 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\n
+   C: 0000
+
+   S: 003aACK 7e47fe2bd8d01d481f44d7af0531bd93d3b21c01 continue\n
+   S: 003aACK 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d continue\n
+   S: 0008NAK\n
+
+   C: 0009done\n
+
+   S: 003aACK 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\n
+   S: [PACKFILE]
+----
+
+
+Packfile Data
+-------------
+
+Now that the client and server have finished negotiation about what
+the minimal amount of data that needs to be sent to the client is, the server
+will construct and send the required data in packfile format.
+
+See pack-format.txt for what the packfile itself actually looks like.
+
+If 'side-band' or 'side-band-64k' capabilities have been specified by
+the client, the server will send the packfile data multiplexed.
+
+Each packet starting with the packet-line length of the amount of data
+that follows, followed by a single byte specifying the sideband the
+following data is coming in on.
+
+In 'side-band' mode, it will send up to 999 data bytes plus 1 control
+code, for a total of up to 1000 bytes in a pkt-line.  In 'side-band-64k'
+mode it will send up to 65519 data bytes plus 1 control code, for a
+total of up to 65520 bytes in a pkt-line.
+
+The sideband byte will be a '1', '2' or a '3'. Sideband '1' will contain
+packfile data, sideband '2' will be used for progress information that the
+client will generally print to stderr and sideband '3' is used for error
+information.
+
+If no 'side-band' capability was specified, the server will stream the
+entire packfile without multiplexing.
+
+
+Pushing Data To a Server
+========================
+
+Pushing data to a server will invoke the 'receive-pack' process on the
+server, which will allow the client to tell it which references it should
+update and then send all the data the server will need for those new
+references to be complete.  Once all the data is received and validated,
+the server will then update its references to what the client specified.
+
+Authentication
+--------------
+
+The protocol itself contains no authentication mechanisms.  That is to be
+handled by the transport, such as SSH, before the 'receive-pack' process is
+invoked.  If 'receive-pack' is configured over the Git transport, those
+repositories will be writable by anyone who can access that port (9418) as
+that transport is unauthenticated.
+
+Reference Discovery
+-------------------
+
+The reference discovery phase is done nearly the same way as it is in the
+fetching protocol. Each reference obj-id and name on the server is sent
+in packet-line format to the client, followed by a flush-pkt.  The only
+real difference is that the capability listing is different - the only
+possible values are 'report-status', 'delete-refs' and 'ofs-delta'.
+
+Reference Update Request and Packfile Transfer
+----------------------------------------------
+
+Once the client knows what references the server is at, it can send a
+list of reference update requests.  For each reference on the server
+that it wants to update, it sends a line listing the obj-id currently on
+the server, the obj-id the client would like to update it to and the name
+of the reference.
+
+This list is followed by a flush-pkt and then the packfile that should
+contain all the objects that the server will need to complete the new
+references.
+
+----
+  update-request    =  command-list [pack-file]
+
+  command-list      =  PKT-LINE(command NUL capability-list LF)
+		       *PKT-LINE(command LF)
+		       flush-pkt
+
+  command           =  create / delete / update
+  create            =  zero-id SP new-id  SP name
+  delete            =  old-id  SP zero-id SP name
+  update            =  old-id  SP new-id  SP name
+
+  old-id            =  obj-id
+  new-id            =  obj-id
+
+  pack-file         = "PACK" 28*(OCTET)
+----
+
+If the receiving end does not support delete-refs, the sending end MUST
+NOT ask for delete command.
+
+The pack-file MUST NOT be sent if the only command used is 'delete'.
+
+A pack-file MUST be sent if either create or update command is used,
+even if the server already has all the necessary objects.  In this
+case the client MUST send an empty pack-file.   The only time this
+is likely to happen is if the client is creating
+a new branch or a tag that points to an existing obj-id.
+
+The server will receive the packfile, unpack it, then validate each
+reference that is being updated that it hasn't changed while the request
+was being processed (the obj-id is still the same as the old-id), and
+it will run any update hooks to make sure that the update is acceptable.
+If all of that is fine, the server will then update the references.
+
+Report Status
+-------------
+
+After receiving the pack data from the sender, the receiver sends a
+report if 'report-status' capability is in effect.
+It is a short listing of what happened in that update.  It will first
+list the status of the packfile unpacking as either 'unpack ok' or
+'unpack [error]'.  Then it will list the status for each of the references
+that it tried to update.  Each line is either 'ok [refname]' if the
+update was successful, or 'ng [refname] [error]' if the update was not.
+
+----
+  report-status     = unpack-status
+		      1*(command-status)
+		      flush-pkt
+
+  unpack-status     = PKT-LINE("unpack" SP unpack-result LF)
+  unpack-result     = "ok" / error-msg
+
+  command-status    = command-ok / command-fail
+  command-ok        = PKT-LINE("ok" SP refname LF)
+  command-fail      = PKT-LINE("ng" SP refname SP error-msg LF)
+
+  error-msg         = 1*(OCTECT) ; where not "ok"
+----
+
+Updates can be unsuccessful for a number of reasons.  The reference can have
+changed since the reference discovery phase was originally sent, meaning
+someone pushed in the meantime.  The reference being pushed could be a
+non-fast-forward reference and the update hooks or configuration could be
+set to not allow that, etc.  Also, some references can be updated while others
+can be rejected.
+
+An example client/server communication might look like this:
+
+----
+   S: 007c74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d refs/heads/local\0report-status delete-refs ofs-delta\n
+   S: 003e7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe refs/heads/debug\n
+   S: 003f74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d refs/heads/master\n
+   S: 003f74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d refs/heads/team\n
+   S: 0000
+
+   C: 003e7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d refs/heads/debug\n
+   C: 003e74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a refs/heads/master\n
+   C: 0000
+   C: [PACKDATA]
+
+   S: 000aunpack ok\n
+   S: 0014ok refs/heads/debug\n
+   S: 0026ng refs/heads/master non-fast-forward\n
+----
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd1a593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+Git Protocol Capabilities
+=========================
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined in this document.
+
+On the very first line of the initial server response of either
+receive-pack and upload-pack the first reference is followed by
+a NUL byte and then a list of space delimited server capabilities.
+These allow the server to declare what it can and cannot support
+to the client.
+
+Client will then send a space separated list of capabilities it wants
+to be in effect. The client MUST NOT ask for capabilities the server
+did not say it supports.
+
+Server MUST diagnose and abort if capabilities it does not understand
+was sent.  Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
+and server advertised.  As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
+NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
+
+The 'report-status' and 'delete-refs' capabilities are sent and
+recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process.
+
+The 'ofs-delta' capability is sent and recognized by both upload-pack
+and receive-pack protocols.
+
+All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
+from server) process.
+
+multi_ack
+---------
+
+The 'multi_ack' capability allows the server to return "ACK obj-id
+continue" as soon as it finds a commit that it can use as a common
+base, between the client's wants and the client's have set.
+
+By sending this early, the server can potentially head off the client
+from walking any further down that particular branch of the client's
+repository history.  The client may still need to walk down other
+branches, sending have lines for those, until the server has a
+complete cut across the DAG, or the client has said "done".
+
+Without multi_ack, a client sends have lines in --date-order until
+the server has found a common base.  That means the client will send
+have lines that are already known by the server to be common, because
+they overlap in time with another branch that the server hasn't found
+a common base on yet.
+
+For example suppose the client has commits in caps that the server
+doesn't and the server has commits in lower case that the client
+doesn't, as in the following diagram:
+
+       +---- u ---------------------- x
+      /              +----- y
+     /              /
+    a -- b -- c -- d -- E -- F
+       \
+	+--- Q -- R -- S
+
+If the client wants x,y and starts out by saying have F,S, the server
+doesn't know what F,S is.  Eventually the client says "have d" and
+the server sends "ACK d continue" to let the client know to stop
+walking down that line (so don't send c-b-a), but it's not done yet,
+it needs a base for x. The client keeps going with S-R-Q, until a
+gets reached, at which point the server has a clear base and it all
+ends.
+
+Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway,
+interleaved with S-R-Q.
+
+thin-pack
+---------
+
+This capability means that the server can send a 'thin' pack, a pack
+which does not contain base objects; if those base objects are available
+on client side. Client requests 'thin-pack' capability when it
+understands how to "thicken" it by adding required delta bases making
+it self-contained.
+
+Client MUST NOT request 'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin
+pack into a self-contained pack.
+
+
+side-band, side-band-64k
+------------------------
+
+This capability means that server can send, and client understand multiplexed
+progress reports and error info interleaved with the packfile itself.
+
+These two options are mutually exclusive. A modern client always
+favors 'side-band-64k'.
+
+Either mode indicates that the packfile data will be streamed broken
+up into packets of up to either 1000 bytes in the case of 'side_band',
+or 65520 bytes in the case of 'side_band_64k'. Each packet is made up
+of a leading 4-byte pkt-line length of how much data is in the packet,
+followed by a 1-byte stream code, followed by the actual data.
+
+The stream code can be one of:
+
+ 1 - pack data
+ 2 - progress messages
+ 3 - fatal error message just before stream aborts
+
+The "side-band-64k" capability came about as a way for newer clients
+that can handle much larger packets to request packets that are
+actually crammed nearly full, while maintaining backward compatibility
+for the older clients.
+
+Further, with side-band and its up to 1000-byte messages, it's actually
+999 bytes of payload and 1 byte for the stream code. With side-band-64k,
+same deal, you have up to 65519 bytes of data and 1 byte for the stream
+code.
+
+The client MUST send only maximum of one of "side-band" and "side-
+band-64k".  Server MUST diagnose it as an error if client requests
+both.
+
+ofs-delta
+---------
+
+Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta refering to
+its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id.  That is, they can
+send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
+
+shallow
+-------
+
+This capability adds "deepen", "shallow" and "unshallow" commands to
+the  fetch-pack/upload-pack protocol so clients can request shallow
+clones.
+
+no-progress
+-----------
+
+The client was started with "git clone -q" or something, and doesn't
+want that side band 2.  Basically the client just says "I do not
+wish to receive stream 2 on sideband, so do not send it to me, and if
+you did, I will drop it on the floor anyway".  However, the sideband
+channel 3 is still used for error responses.
+
+include-tag
+-----------
+
+The 'include-tag' capability is about sending annotated tags if we are
+sending objects they point to.  If we pack an object to the client, and
+a tag object points exactly at that object, we pack the tag object too.
+In general this allows a client to get all new annotated tags when it
+fetches a branch, in a single network connection.
+
+Clients MAY always send include-tag, hardcoding it into a request when
+the server advertises this capability. The decision for a client to
+request include-tag only has to do with the client's desires for tag
+data, whether or not a server had advertised objects in the
+refs/tags/* namespace.
+
+Servers MUST pack the tags if their referrant is packed and the client
+has requested include-tags.
+
+Clients MUST be prepared for the case where a server has ignored
+include-tag and has not actually sent tags in the pack.  In such
+cases the client SHOULD issue a subsequent fetch to acquire the tags
+that include-tag would have otherwise given the client.
+
+The server SHOULD send include-tag, if it supports it, regardless
+of whether or not there are tags available.
+
+report-status
+-------------
+
+The upload-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
+which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
+a packfile upload and reference update.  If the pushing client requests
+this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
+will respond with whether the packfile unpacked successfully and if
+each reference was updated successfully.  If any of those were not
+successful, it will send back an error message.  See pack-protocol.txt
+for example messages.
+
+delete-refs
+-----------
+
+If the server sends back the 'delete-refs' capability, it means that
+it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
+value of a reference update.  It is not sent back by the client, it
+simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
+to delete references.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d30a1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+Documentation Common to Pack and Http Protocols
+===============================================
+
+ABNF Notation
+-------------
+
+ABNF notation as described by RFC 5234 is used within the protocol documents,
+except the following replacement core rules are used:
+----
+  HEXDIG    =  DIGIT / "a" / "b" / "c" / "d" / "e" / "f"
+----
+
+We also define the following common rules:
+----
+  NUL       =  %x00
+  zero-id   =  40*"0"
+  obj-id    =  40*(HEXDIGIT)
+
+  refname  =  "HEAD"
+  refname /=  "refs/" <see discussion below>
+----
+
+A refname is a hierarchical octet string beginning with "refs/" and
+not violating the 'git-check-ref-format' command's validation rules.
+More specifically, they:
+
+. They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
+  grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
+  dot `.`.
+
+. They must contain at least one `/`. This enforces the presence of a
+  category like `heads/`, `tags/` etc. but the actual names are not
+  restricted.
+
+. They cannot have two consecutive dots `..` anywhere.
+
+. They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
+  values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
+  caret `{caret}`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`,
+  or open bracket `[` anywhere.
+
+. They cannot end with a slash `/` nor a dot `.`.
+
+. They cannot end with the sequence `.lock`.
+
+. They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
+
+. They cannot contain a `\\`.
+
+
+pkt-line Format
+---------------
+
+Much (but not all) of the payload is described around pkt-lines.
+
+A pkt-line is a variable length binary string.  The first four bytes
+of the line, the pkt-len, indicates the total length of the line,
+in hexadecimal.  The pkt-len includes the 4 bytes used to contain
+the length's hexadecimal representation.
+
+A pkt-line MAY contain binary data, so implementors MUST ensure
+pkt-line parsing/formatting routines are 8-bit clean.
+
+A non-binary line SHOULD BE terminated by an LF, which if present
+MUST be included in the total length.
+
+The maximum length of a pkt-line's data component is 65520 bytes.
+Implementations MUST NOT send pkt-line whose length exceeds 65524
+(65520 bytes of payload + 4 bytes of length data).
+
+Implementations SHOULD NOT send an empty pkt-line ("0004").
+
+A pkt-line with a length field of 0 ("0000"), called a flush-pkt,
+is a special case and MUST be handled differently than an empty
+pkt-line ("0004").
+
+----
+  pkt-line     =  data-pkt / flush-pkt
+
+  data-pkt     =  pkt-len pkt-payload
+  pkt-len      =  4*(HEXDIG)
+  pkt-payload  =  (pkt-len - 4)*(OCTET)
+
+  flush-pkt    = "0000"
+----
+
+Examples (as C-style strings):
+
+----
+  pkt-line          actual value
+  ---------------------------------
+  "0006a\n"         "a\n"
+  "0005a"           "a"
+  "000bfoobar\n"    "foobar\n"
+  "0004"            ""
+----
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53aa0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+Use of index and Racy git problem
+=================================
+
+Background
+----------
+
+The index is one of the most important data structures in git.
+It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
+paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
+write out the next tree object to be committed.  The state is
+"virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
+often does not, match the files in the working tree.
+
+There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the
+virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
+working tree.  The most obvious case is when the user asks `git
+diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or
+`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, git internally checks
+if the files in the working tree are different from what are
+recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
+during patch application, switching branches, and merging.
+
+In order to speed up this comparison between the files in the
+working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
+information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system
+call when they were last updated.  When checking if they differ,
+git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
+with this information (this is what was originally done by the
+`ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in
+`ce_match_stat_basic()` function).  If some of these "cached
+stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the
+files are modified without even looking at their contents.
+
+Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)`
+are used for this comparison.  For example, `st_atime` obviously
+is not useful.  Currently, git compares the file type (regular
+files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
+files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime`
+timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members.
+With a `USE_STDEV` compile-time option, `st_dev` is also
+compared, but this is not enabled by default because this member
+is not stable on network filesystems.  With `USE_NSEC`
+compile-time option, `st_mtim.tv_nsec` and `st_ctim.tv_nsec`
+members are also compared, but this is not enabled by default
+because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than
+on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an
+inode is evicted from the inode cache.  See commit 8ce13b0
+of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
+([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems,
+2005-01-04).
+
+Racy git
+--------
+
+There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
+cached stat information.  Consider this sequence:
+
+  : modify 'foo'
+  $ git update-index 'foo'
+  : modify 'foo' again, in-place, without changing its size
+
+The first `update-index` computes the object name of the
+contents of file `foo` and updates the index entry for `foo`
+along with the `struct stat` information.  If the modification
+that follows it happens very fast so that the file's `st_mtime`
+timestamp does not change, after this sequence, the cached stat
+information the index entry records still exactly match what you
+would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now
+different.
+This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
+are unmodified even though they actually are.  This is called
+the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
+that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
+are called "racily clean".
+
+To avoid this problem, git does two things:
+
+. When the cached stat information says the file has not been
+  modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than)
+  the timestamp of the index file itself (which is the time `git
+  update-index foo` finished running in the above example), it
+  also compares the contents with the object registered in the
+  index entry to make sure they match.
+
+. When the index file is updated that contains racily clean
+  entries, cached `st_size` information is truncated to zero
+  before writing a new version of the index file.
+
+Because the index file itself is written after collecting all
+the stat information from updated paths, `st_mtime` timestamp of
+it is usually the same as or newer than any of the paths the
+index contains.  And no matter how quick the modification that
+follows `git update-index foo` finishes, the resulting
+`st_mtime` timestamp on `foo` cannot get a value earlier
+than the index file.  Therefore, index entries that can be
+racily clean are limited to the ones that have the same
+timestamp as the index file itself.
+
+The callers that want to check if an index entry matches the
+corresponding file in the working tree continue to call
+`ce_match_stat()`, but with this change, `ce_match_stat()` uses
+`ce_modified_check_fs()` to see if racily clean ones are
+actually clean after comparing the cached stat information using
+`ce_match_stat_basic()`.
+
+The problem the latter solves is this sequence:
+
+  $ git update-index 'foo'
+  : modify 'foo' in-place without changing its size
+  : wait for enough time
+  $ git update-index 'bar'
+
+Without the latter, the timestamp of the index file gets a newer
+value, and falsely clean entry `foo` would not be caught by the
+timestamp comparison check done with the former logic anymore.
+The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo`
+would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
+checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry
+does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more
+expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`.
+
+
+Runtime penalty
+---------------
+
+The runtime penalty of falling back to `ce_modified_check_fs()`
+from `ce_match_stat()` can be very expensive when there are many
+racily clean entries.  An obvious way to artificially create
+this situation is to give the same timestamp to all the files in
+the working tree in a large project, run `git update-index` on
+them, and give the same timestamp to the index file:
+
+  $ date >.datestamp
+  $ git ls-files | xargs touch -r .datestamp
+  $ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin
+  $ touch -r .datestamp .git/index
+
+This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux-2.6
+project, for example, there are over 20,000 files in the working
+tree.  On my Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
+
+  $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
+  1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
+  0inputs+0outputs (0major+67111minor)pagefaults 0swaps
+  $ git update-index MAINTAINERS
+  $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
+  0.02user 0.12system 0:00.14elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
+  0inputs+0outputs (0major+935minor)pagefaults 0swaps
+
+Running `git update-index` in the middle checked the racily
+clean entries, and left the cached `st_mtime` for all the paths
+intact because they were actually clean (so this step took about
+the same amount of time as the first `git diff-files`).  After
+that, they are not racily clean anymore but are truly clean, so
+the second invocation of `git diff-files` fully took advantage
+of the cached stat information.
+
+
+Avoiding runtime penalty
+------------------------
+
+In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used
+to have a code that made sure the index file
+got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
+there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
+resulting index file would otherwise would have by waiting
+before finishing writing the index file out.
+
+I suspected that in practice the situation where many paths in the
+index are all racily clean was quite rare.  The only code paths
+that can record recent timestamp for large number of paths are:
+
+. Initial `git add .` of a large project.
+
+. `git checkout` of a large project from an empty index into an
+  unpopulated working tree.
+
+Note: switching branches with `git checkout` keeps the cached
+stat information of existing working tree files that are the
+same between the current branch and the new branch, which are
+all older than the resulting index file, and they will not
+become racily clean.  Only the files that are actually checked
+out can become racily clean.
+
+In a large project where raciness avoidance cost really matters,
+however, the initial computation of all object names in the
+index takes more than one second, and the index file is written
+out after all that happens.  Therefore the timestamp of the
+index file will be more than one seconds later than the
+youngest file in the working tree.  This means that in these
+cases there actually will not be any racily clean entry in
+the resulting index.
+
+Based on this discussion, the current code does not use the
+"workaround" to avoid the runtime penalty that does not exist in
+practice anymore.  This was done with commit 0fc82cff on Aug 15,
+2006.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..681efe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+git-send-pack
+=============
+
+Overall operation
+-----------------
+
+. Connects to the remote side and invokes git-receive-pack.
+
+. Learns what refs the remote has and what commit they point at.
+  Matches them to the refspecs we are pushing.
+
+. Checks if there are non-fast-forwards.  Unlike fetch-pack,
+  the repository send-pack runs in is supposed to be a superset
+  of the recipient in fast-forward cases, so there is no need
+  for want/have exchanges, and fast-forward check can be done
+  locally.  Tell the result to the other end.
+
+. Calls pack_objects() which generates a packfile and sends it
+  over to the other end.
+
+. If the remote side is new enough (v1.1.0 or later), wait for
+  the unpack and hook status from the other end.
+
+. Exit with appropriate error codes.
+
+
+Pack_objects pipeline
+---------------------
+
+This function gets one file descriptor (`fd`) which is either a
+socket (over the network) or a pipe (local).  What's written to
+this fd goes to git-receive-pack to be unpacked.
+
+    send-pack ---> fd ---> receive-pack
+
+The function pack_objects creates a pipe and then forks.  The
+forked child execs pack-objects with --revs to receive revision
+parameters from its standard input. This process will write the
+packfile to the other end.
+
+    send-pack
+       |
+       pack_objects() ---> fd ---> receive-pack
+          | ^ (pipe)
+	  v |
+         (child)
+
+The child dup2's to arrange its standard output to go back to
+the other end, and read its standard input to come from the
+pipe.  After that it exec's pack-objects.  On the other hand,
+the parent process, before starting to feed the child pipeline,
+closes the reading side of the pipe and fd to receive-pack.
+
+    send-pack
+       |
+       pack_objects(parent)
+          |
+	  v [0]
+         pack-objects [0] ---> receive-pack
+
+
+[jc: the pipeline was much more complex and needed documentation before
+ I understood an earlier bug, but now it is trivial and straightforward.]
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..559263a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Def.: Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
+repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
+these commits have no parents.
+
+The basic idea is to write the SHA1s of shallow commits into
+$GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents
+of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow
+cannot contain parent information).
+
+This information is stored in a new file instead of grafts, or
+even the config, since the user should not touch that file
+at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it
+was never manually edited!).
+
+Each line contains exactly one SHA1. When read, a commit_graft
+will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
+to discern from user provided grafts.
+
+Since fsck-objects relies on the library to read the objects,
+it honours shallow commits automatically.
+
+There are some unfinished ends of the whole shallow business:
+
+- maybe we have to force non-thin packs when fetching into a
+  shallow repo (ATM they are forced non-thin).
+
+- A special handling of a shallow upstream is needed. At some
+  stage, upload-pack has to check if it sends a shallow commit,
+  and it should send that information early (or fail, if the
+  client does not support shallow repositories). There is no
+  support at all for this in this patch series.
+
+- Instead of locking $GIT_DIR/shallow at the start, just
+  the timestamp of it is noted, and when it comes to writing it,
+  a check is performed if the mtime is still the same, dying if
+  it is not.
+
+- It is unclear how "push into/from a shallow repo" should behave.
+
+- If you deepen a history, you'd want to get the tags of the
+  newly stored (but older!) commits. This does not work right now.
+
+To make a shallow clone, you can call "git-clone --depth 20 repo".
+The result contains only commit chains with a length of at most 20.
+It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.
+
+You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
+repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
+20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24c8410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Trivial merge rules
+===================
+
+This document describes the outcomes of the trivial merge logic in read-tree.
+
+One-way merge
+-------------
+
+This replaces the index with a different tree, keeping the stat info
+for entries that don't change, and allowing -u to make the minimum
+required changes to the working tree to have it match.
+
+Entries marked '+' have stat information. Spaces marked '*' don't
+affect the result.
+
+   index   tree    result
+   -----------------------
+   *       (empty) (empty)
+   (empty) tree    tree
+   index+  tree    tree
+   index+  index   index+
+
+Two-way merge
+-------------
+
+It is permitted for the index to lack an entry; this does not prevent
+any case from applying.
+
+If the index exists, it is an error for it not to match either the old
+or the result.
+
+If multiple cases apply, the one used is listed first.
+
+A result which changes the index is an error if the index is not empty
+and not up-to-date.
+
+Entries marked '+' have stat information. Spaces marked '*' don't
+affect the result.
+
+ case  index   old     new     result
+ -------------------------------------
+ 0/2   (empty) *       (empty) (empty)
+ 1/3   (empty) *       new     new
+ 4/5   index+  (empty) (empty) index+
+ 6/7   index+  (empty) index   index+
+ 10    index+  index   (empty) (empty)
+ 14/15 index+  old     old     index+
+ 18/19 index+  old     index   index+
+ 20    index+  index   new     new
+
+Three-way merge
+---------------
+
+It is permitted for the index to lack an entry; this does not prevent
+any case from applying.
+
+If the index exists, it is an error for it not to match either the
+head or (if the merge is trivial) the result.
+
+If multiple cases apply, the one used is listed first.
+
+A result of "no merge" means that index is left in stage 0, ancest in
+stage 1, head in stage 2, and remote in stage 3 (if any of these are
+empty, no entry is left for that stage). Otherwise, the given entry is
+left in stage 0, and there are no other entries.
+
+A result of "no merge" is an error if the index is not empty and not
+up-to-date.
+
+*empty* means that the tree must not have a directory-file conflict
+ with the entry.
+
+For multiple ancestors, a '+' means that this case applies even if
+only one ancestor or remote fits; a '^' means all of the ancestors
+must be the same.
+
+case  ancest    head    remote    result
+----------------------------------------
+1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
+2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
+2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
+3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
+3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
+4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
+5ALT  *         head    head      head
+6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
+8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
+7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
+10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
+9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
+16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
+13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
+14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
+11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
+
+Only #2ALT and #3ALT use *empty*, because these are the only cases
+where there can be conflicts that didn't exist before. Note that we
+allow directory-file conflicts between things in different stages
+after the trivial merge.
+
+A possible alternative for #6 is (empty), which would make it like
+#1. This is not used, due to the likelihood that it arises due to
+moving the file to multiple different locations or moving and deleting
+it in different branches.
+
+Case #1 is included for completeness, and also in case we decide to
+put on '+' markings; any path that is never mentioned at all isn't
+handled.
+
+Note that #16 is when both #13 and #14 apply; in this case, we refuse
+the trivial merge, because we can't tell from this data which is
+right. This is a case of a reverted patch (in some direction, maybe
+multiple times), and the right answer depends on looking at crossings
+of history or common ancestors of the ancestors.
+
+Note that, between #6, #7, #9, and #11, all cases not otherwise
+covered are handled in this table.
+
+For #8 and #10, there is alternative behavior, not currently
+implemented, where the result is (empty). As currently implemented,
+the automatic merge will generally give this effect.
diff --git a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00f7e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+include::urls.txt[]
+
+REMOTES[[REMOTES]]
+------------------
+
+The name of one of the following can be used instead
+of a URL as `<repository>` argument:
+
+* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
+* a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
+* a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
+
+All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
+because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.
+
+Named remote in configuration file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
+configured using linkgit:git-remote[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
+or even by a manual edit to the `$GIT_DIR/config` file.  The URL of
+this remote will be used to access the repository.  The refspec
+of this remote will be used by default when you do
+not provide a refspec on the command line.  The entry in the
+config file would appear like this:
+
+------------
+	[remote "<name>"]
+		url = <url>
+		pushurl = <pushurl>
+		push = <refspec>
+		fetch = <refspec>
+------------
+
+The `<pushurl>` is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
+to `<url>`.
+
+Named file in `$GIT_DIR/remotes`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can choose to provide the name of a
+file in `$GIT_DIR/remotes`.  The URL
+in this file will be used to access the repository.  The refspec
+in this file will be used as default when you do not
+provide a refspec on the command line.  This file should have the
+following format:
+
+------------
+	URL: one of the above URL format
+	Push: <refspec>
+	Pull: <refspec>
+
+------------
+
+`Push:` lines are used by 'git push' and
+`Pull:` lines are used by 'git pull' and 'git fetch'.
+Multiple `Push:` and `Pull:` lines may
+be specified for additional branch mappings.
+
+Named file in `$GIT_DIR/branches`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can choose to provide the name of a
+file in `$GIT_DIR/branches`.
+The URL in this file will be used to access the repository.
+This file should have the following format:
+
+
+------------
+	<url>#<head>
+------------
+
+`<url>` is required; `#<head>` is optional.
+
+Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
+refspecs, if you don't provide one on the command line.
+`<branch>` is the name of this file in `$GIT_DIR/branches` and
+`<head>` defaults to `master`.
+
+git fetch uses:
+
+------------
+	refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch>
+------------
+
+git push uses:
+
+------------
+	HEAD:refs/heads/<head>
+------------
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d813ceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+GIT URLS[[URLS]]
+----------------
+
+One of the following notations can be used
+to name the remote repository:
+
+===============================================================
+- rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
+- http://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
+- https://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
+- git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
+- git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~user/path/to/repo.git/
+- ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
+- ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
+- ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
+- ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git
+===============================================================
+
+SSH is the default transport protocol over the network.  You can
+optionally specify which user to log-in as, and an alternate,
+scp-like syntax is also supported.  Both syntaxes support
+username expansion, as does the native git protocol, but
+only the former supports port specification. The following
+three are identical to the last three above, respectively:
+
+===============================================================
+- {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/
+- {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/
+- {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git
+===============================================================
+
+To sync with a local directory, you can use:
+
+===============================================================
+- /path/to/repo.git/
+- file:///path/to/repo.git/
+===============================================================
+
+ifndef::git-clone[]
+They are mostly equivalent, except when cloning.  See
+linkgit:git-clone[1] for details.
+endif::git-clone[]
+
+ifdef::git-clone[]
+They are equivalent, except the former implies --local option.
+endif::git-clone[]
+
+
+If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
+you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
+use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
+configuration section of the form:
+
+------------
+	[url "<actual url base>"]
+		insteadOf = <other url base>
+------------
+
+For example, with this:
+
+------------
+	[url "git://git.host.xz/"]
+		insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
+		insteadOf = work:
+------------
+
+a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
+rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".
+
+If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
+configuration section of the form:
+
+------------
+	[url "<actual url base>"]
+		pushInsteadOf = <other url base>
+------------
+
+For example, with this:
+
+------------
+	[url "ssh://example.org/"]
+		pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/
+------------
+
+a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
+"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
+use the original URL.
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.conf b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..339b309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[titles]
+	underlines="__","==","--","~~","^^"
+
+[attributes]
+caret=^
+startsb=&#91;
+endsb=&#93;
+tilde=&#126;
+
+[linkgit-inlinemacro]
+<ulink url="{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</ulink>
+
+ifdef::backend-docbook[]
+# "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this.
+[listingblock]
+<example><title>{title}</title>
+<literallayout>
+|
+</literallayout>
+{title#}</example>
+endif::backend-docbook[]
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe6fb72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4610 @@
+Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)
+______________________________________________
+
+
+Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
+
+This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
+command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
+
+<<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
+to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
+to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for
+regressions, and so on.
+
+People needing to do actual development will also want to read
+<<Developing-With-git>> and <<sharing-development>>.
+
+Further chapters cover more specialized topics.
+
+Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
+pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command.  For example, for the command
+"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ man git-clone
+------------------------------------------------
+
+or:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git help clone
+------------------------------------------------
+
+With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
+linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
+
+See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
+without any explanation.
+
+Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
+complete.
+
+
+[[repositories-and-branches]]
+Repositories and Branches
+=========================
+
+[[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
+How to get a git repository
+---------------------------
+
+It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
+read this manual.
+
+The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
+download a copy of an existing repository.  If you don't already have a
+project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+	# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
+will only need to clone once.
+
+The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
+or "linux-2.6" in the examples above).  After you cd into this
+directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
+called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
+top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
+about the history of the project.
+
+[[how-to-check-out]]
+How to check out a different version of a project
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
+of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
+interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In git each such
+version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
+
+Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
+oldest to newest; instead, work may simultaneously proceed along
+parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
+merge and diverge.
+
+A single git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
+does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
+latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
+you the list of branch heads:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch
+* master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+A freshly cloned repository contains a single branch head, by default
+named "master", with the working directory initialized to the state of
+the project referred to by that branch head.
+
+Most projects also use <<def_tag,tags>>.  Tags, like heads, are
+references into the project's history, and can be listed using the
+linkgit:git-tag[1] command:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git tag -l
+v2.6.11
+v2.6.11-tree
+v2.6.12
+v2.6.12-rc2
+v2.6.12-rc3
+v2.6.12-rc4
+v2.6.12-rc5
+v2.6.12-rc6
+v2.6.13
+...
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Tags are expected to always point at the same version of a project,
+while heads are expected to advance as development progresses.
+
+Create a new branch head pointing to one of these versions and check it
+out using linkgit:git-checkout[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b new v2.6.13
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The working directory then reflects the contents that the project had
+when it was tagged v2.6.13, and linkgit:git-branch[1] shows two
+branches, with an asterisk marking the currently checked-out branch:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch
+  master
+* new
+------------------------------------------------
+
+If you decide that you'd rather see version 2.6.17, you can modify
+the current branch to point at v2.6.17 instead, with
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git reset --hard v2.6.17
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that if the current branch head was your only reference to a
+particular point in history, then resetting that branch may leave you
+with no way to find the history it used to point to; so use this command
+carefully.
+
+[[understanding-commits]]
+Understanding History: Commits
+------------------------------
+
+Every change in the history of a project is represented by a commit.
+The linkgit:git-show[1] command shows the most recent commit on the
+current branch:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show
+commit 17cf781661e6d38f737f15f53ab552f1e95960d7
+Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
+Date:   Tue Apr 19 14:11:06 2005 -0700
+
+    Remove duplicate getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT) call
+
+    Noted by Tony Luck.
+
+diff --git a/init-db.c b/init-db.c
+index 65898fa..b002dc6 100644
+--- a/init-db.c
++++ b/init-db.c
+@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
+ 
+ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ {
+-	char *sha1_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT), *path;
++	char *sha1_dir, *path;
+ 	int len, i;
+ 
+ 	if (mkdir(".git", 0755) < 0) {
+------------------------------------------------
+
+As you can see, a commit shows who made the latest change, what they
+did, and why.
+
+Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
+"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the "git show" output.  You can usually
+refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
+longer name can also be useful.  Most importantly, it is a globally unique
+name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
+example in email), then you are guaranteed that name will refer to the same
+commit in their repository that it does in yours (assuming their repository
+has that commit at all).  Since the object name is computed as a hash over the
+contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
+without its name also changing.
+
+In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
+history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
+with a name that is a hash of its contents.
+
+[[understanding-reachability]]
+Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Every commit (except the very first commit in a project) also has a
+parent commit which shows what happened before this commit.
+Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
+beginning of the project.
+
+However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
+development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
+lines of development reconverge is called a "merge".  The commit
+representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
+each parent representing the most recent commit on one of the lines
+of development leading to that point.
+
+The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
+command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
+commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
+
+In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
+if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y.  Equivalently, you could say
+that Y is a descendant of X, or that there is a chain of parents
+leading from commit Y to commit X.
+
+[[history-diagrams]]
+Understanding history: History diagrams
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
+below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
+lines drawn with - / and \.  Time goes left to right:
+
+
+................................................
+         o--o--o <-- Branch A
+        /
+ o--o--o <-- master
+        \
+         o--o--o <-- Branch B
+................................................
+
+If we need to talk about a particular commit, the character "o" may
+be replaced with another letter or number.
+
+[[what-is-a-branch]]
+Understanding history: What is a branch?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When we need to be precise, we will use the word "branch" to mean a line
+of development, and "branch head" (or just "head") to mean a reference
+to the most recent commit on a branch.  In the example above, the branch
+head named "A" is a pointer to one particular commit, but we refer to
+the line of three commits leading up to that point as all being part of
+"branch A".
+
+However, when no confusion will result, we often just use the term
+"branch" both for branches and for branch heads.
+
+[[manipulating-branches]]
+Manipulating branches
+---------------------
+
+Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
+a summary of the commands:
+
+git branch::
+	list all branches
+git branch <branch>::
+	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
+	point in history as the current branch
+git branch <branch> <start-point>::
+	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
+	<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
+	including using a branch name or a tag name
+git branch -d <branch>::
+	delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
+	points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
+	branch, this command will fail with a warning.
+git branch -D <branch>::
+	even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
+	from the current branch, you may know that that commit
+	is still reachable from some other branch or tag.  In that
+	case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
+	the branch.
+git checkout <branch>::
+	make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
+	directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
+git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
+	create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
+	check it out.
+
+The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
+branch.  In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
+remember which branch is current:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ cat .git/HEAD
+ref: refs/heads/master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+[[detached-head]]
+Examining an old version without creating a new branch
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+The `git checkout` command normally expects a branch head, but will also
+accept an arbitrary commit; for example, you can check out the commit
+referenced by a tag:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout v2.6.17
+Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch
+If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
+(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
+HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The HEAD then refers to the SHA-1 of the commit instead of to a branch,
+and git branch shows that you are no longer on a branch:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ cat .git/HEAD
+427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f
+$ git branch
+* (no branch)
+  master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+In this case we say that the HEAD is "detached".
+
+This is an easy way to check out a particular version without having to
+make up a name for the new branch.   You can still create a new branch
+(or tag) for this version later if you decide to.
+
+[[examining-remote-branches]]
+Examining branches from a remote repository
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The "master" branch that was created at the time you cloned is a copy
+of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from.  That repository
+may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
+keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, which you
+can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch -r
+  origin/HEAD
+  origin/html
+  origin/maint
+  origin/man
+  origin/master
+  origin/next
+  origin/pu
+  origin/todo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+You cannot check out these remote-tracking branches, but you can
+examine them on a branch of your own, just as you would a tag:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
+to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
+
+[[how-git-stores-references]]
+Naming branches, tags, and other references
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
+commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
+starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
+shorthand:
+
+	- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
+	- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
+	- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
+
+The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
+exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
+
+(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
+under the path given by their name.  However, for efficiency reasons
+they may also be packed together in a single file; see
+linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
+
+As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred
+to just using the name of that repository.  So, for example, "origin"
+is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
+
+For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
+the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
+references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
+REVISIONS" section of linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+[[Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch]]
+Updating a repository with git fetch
+------------------------------------
+
+Eventually the developer cloned from will do additional work in her
+repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
+at the new commits.
+
+The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
+remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
+repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
+"master" branch that was created for you on clone.
+
+[[fetching-branches]]
+Fetching branches from other repositories
+-----------------------------------------
+
+You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you
+cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
+$ git fetch linux-nfs
+* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
+  commit: bf81b46
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
+that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch -r
+linux-nfs/master
+origin/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the tracking branches for the
+named <remote> will be updated.
+
+If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
+a new stanza:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ cat .git/config
+...
+[remote "linux-nfs"]
+	url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/*
+...
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
+or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
+text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
+
+[[exploring-git-history]]
+Exploring git history
+=====================
+
+Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
+collection of files.  It does this by storing compressed snapshots of
+the contents of a file hierarchy, together with "commits" which show
+the relationships between these snapshots.
+
+Git provides extremely flexible and fast tools for exploring the
+history of a project.
+
+We start with one specialized tool that is useful for finding the
+commit that introduced a bug into a project.
+
+[[using-bisect]]
+How to use bisect to find a regression
+--------------------------------------
+
+Suppose version 2.6.18 of your project worked, but the version at
+"master" crashes.  Sometimes the best way to find the cause of such a
+regression is to perform a brute-force search through the project's
+history to find the particular commit that caused the problem.  The
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] command can help you do this:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect start
+$ git bisect good v2.6.18
+$ git bisect bad master
+Bisecting: 3537 revisions left to test after this
+[65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
+temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
+branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
+is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
+and see whether it crashes. Assume it does crash. Then:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect bad
+Bisecting: 1769 revisions left to test after this
+[7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling git at each
+stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
+that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
+half each time.
+
+After about 13 tests (in this case), it will output the commit id of
+the guilty commit.  You can then examine the commit with
+linkgit:git-show[1], find out who wrote it, and mail them your bug
+report with the commit id.  Finally, run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect reset
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+to return you to the branch you were on before.
+
+Note that the version which `git bisect` checks out for you at each
+point is just a suggestion, and you're free to try a different
+version if you think it would be a good idea.  For example,
+occasionally you may land on a commit that broke something unrelated;
+run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect visualize
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+which will run gitk and label the commit it chose with a marker that
+says "bisect".  Choose a safe-looking commit nearby, note its commit
+id, and check it out with:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
+continue.
+
+Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
+fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
+the current commit:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect skip
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
+bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
+
+There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
+test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
+bisect" features.
+
+[[naming-commits]]
+Naming commits
+--------------
+
+We have seen several ways of naming commits already:
+
+	- 40-hexdigit object name
+	- branch name: refers to the commit at the head of the given
+	  branch
+	- tag name: refers to the commit pointed to by the given tag
+	  (we've seen branches and tags are special cases of
+	  <<how-git-stores-references,references>>).
+	- HEAD: refers to the head of the current branch
+
+There are many more; see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section of the
+linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] man page for the complete list of ways to
+name revisions.  Some examples:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show fb47ddb2 # the first few characters of the object name
+		    # are usually enough to specify it uniquely
+$ git show HEAD^    # the parent of the HEAD commit
+$ git show HEAD^^   # the grandparent
+$ git show HEAD~4   # the great-great-grandparent
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
+^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
+also choose:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^1   # show the first parent of HEAD
+$ git show HEAD^2   # show the second parent of HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+In addition to HEAD, there are several other special names for
+commits:
+
+Merges (to be discussed later), as well as operations such as
+`git reset`, which change the currently checked-out commit, generally
+set ORIG_HEAD to the value HEAD had before the current operation.
+
+The `git fetch` operation always stores the head of the last fetched
+branch in FETCH_HEAD.  For example, if you run `git fetch` without
+specifying a local branch as the target of the operation
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git theirbranch
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+the fetched commits will still be available from FETCH_HEAD.
+
+When we discuss merges we'll also see the special name MERGE_HEAD,
+which refers to the other branch that we're merging in to the current
+branch.
+
+The linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] command is a low-level command that is
+occasionally useful for translating some name for a commit to the object
+name for that commit:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rev-parse origin
+e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+[[creating-tags]]
+Creating tags
+-------------
+
+We can also create a tag to refer to a particular commit; after
+running
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
+
+This creates a "lightweight" tag.  If you would also like to include a
+comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
+should create a tag object instead; see the linkgit:git-tag[1] man page
+for details.
+
+[[browsing-revisions]]
+Browsing revisions
+------------------
+
+The linkgit:git-log[1] command can show lists of commits.  On its
+own, it shows all commits reachable from the parent commit; but you
+can also make more specific requests:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log v2.5..	# commits since (not reachable from) v2.5
+$ git log test..master	# commits reachable from master but not test
+$ git log master..test	# ...reachable from test but not master
+$ git log master...test	# ...reachable from either test or master,
+			#    but not both
+$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits from the last 2 weeks
+$ git log Makefile      # commits which modify Makefile
+$ git log fs/		# ... which modify any file under fs/
+$ git log -S'foo()'	# commits which add or remove any file data
+			# matching the string 'foo()'
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
+commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You can also ask git log to show patches:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log -p
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
+display options.
+
+Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
+backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
+multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
+commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
+
+[[generating-diffs]]
+Generating diffs
+----------------
+
+You can generate diffs between any two versions using
+linkgit:git-diff[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff master..test
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+That will produce the diff between the tips of the two branches.  If
+you'd prefer to find the diff from their common ancestor to test, you
+can use three dots instead of two:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff master...test
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Sometimes what you want instead is a set of patches; for this you can
+use linkgit:git-format-patch[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git format-patch master..test
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will generate a file with a patch for each commit reachable from test
+but not from master.
+
+[[viewing-old-file-versions]]
+Viewing old file versions
+-------------------------
+
+You can always view an old version of a file by just checking out the
+correct revision first.  But sometimes it is more convenient to be
+able to view an old version of a single file without checking
+anything out; this command does that:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show v2.5:fs/locks.c
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
+may be any path to a file tracked by git.
+
+[[history-examples]]
+Examples
+--------
+
+[[counting-commits-on-a-branch]]
+Counting the number of commits on a branch
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
+since it diverged from "origin":
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Alternatively, you may often see this sort of thing done with the
+lower-level command linkgit:git-rev-list[1], which just lists the SHA-1's
+of all the given commits:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rev-list origin..mybranch | wc -l
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+[[checking-for-equal-branches]]
+Check whether two branches point at the same history
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Suppose you want to check whether two branches point at the same point
+in history.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff origin..master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will tell you whether the contents of the project are the same at the
+two branches; in theory, however, it's possible that the same project
+contents could have been arrived at by two different historical
+routes.  You could compare the object names:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rev-list origin
+e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
+$ git rev-list master
+e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
+contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
+both: so
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log origin...master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will return no commits when the two branches are equal.
+
+[[finding-tagged-descendants]]
+Find first tagged version including a given fix
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Suppose you know that the commit e05db0fd fixed a certain problem.
+You'd like to find the earliest tagged release that contains that
+fix.
+
+Of course, there may be more than one answer--if the history branched
+after commit e05db0fd, then there could be multiple "earliest" tagged
+releases.
+
+You could just visually inspect the commits since e05db0fd:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk e05db0fd..
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
+name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's
+descendants:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git name-rev --tags e05db0fd
+e05db0fd tags/v1.5.0-rc1^0~23
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The linkgit:git-describe[1] command does the opposite, naming the
+revision using a tag on which the given commit is based:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git describe e05db0fd
+v1.5.0-rc0-260-ge05db0f
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+but that may sometimes help you guess which tags might come after the
+given commit.
+
+If you just want to verify whether a given tagged version contains a
+given commit, you could use linkgit:git-merge-base[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge-base e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc1
+e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The merge-base command finds a common ancestor of the given commits,
+and always returns one or the other in the case where one is a
+descendant of the other; so the above output shows that e05db0fd
+actually is an ancestor of v1.5.0-rc1.
+
+Alternatively, note that
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log v1.5.0-rc1..e05db0fd
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will produce empty output if and only if v1.5.0-rc1 includes e05db0fd,
+because it outputs only commits that are not reachable from v1.5.0-rc1.
+
+As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists
+the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand
+side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.  So,
+you can run something like
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2
+! [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
+available
+ ! [v1.5.0-rc0] GIT v1.5.0 preview
+  ! [v1.5.0-rc1] GIT v1.5.0-rc1
+   ! [v1.5.0-rc2] GIT v1.5.0-rc2
+...
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+then search for a line that looks like
+
+-------------------------------------------------
++ ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
+available
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and
+from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0.
+
+[[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
+Showing commits unique to a given branch
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
+head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
+
+We can list all the heads in this repository with
+linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-ref --heads
+bf62196b5e363d73353a9dcf094c59595f3153b7 refs/heads/core-tutorial
+db768d5504c1bb46f63ee9d6e1772bd047e05bf9 refs/heads/maint
+a07157ac624b2524a059a3414e99f6f44bebc1e7 refs/heads/master
+24dbc180ea14dc1aebe09f14c8ecf32010690627 refs/heads/tutorial-2
+1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
+the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show-ref --heads | cut -d' ' -f2 | grep -v '^refs/heads/master'
+refs/heads/core-tutorial
+refs/heads/maint
+refs/heads/tutorial-2
+refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+And then we can ask to see all the commits reachable from master
+but not from these other heads:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk master --not $( git show-ref --heads | cut -d' ' -f2 |
+				grep -v '^refs/heads/master' )
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Obviously, endless variations are possible; for example, to see all
+commits reachable from some head but not from any tag in the repository:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk $( git show-ref --heads ) --not  $( git show-ref --tags )
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+(See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for explanations of commit-selecting
+syntax such as `--not`.)
+
+[[making-a-release]]
+Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The linkgit:git-archive[1] command can create a tar or zip archive from
+any version of a project; for example:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
+preceded by "project/".
+
+If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
+to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
+announcement.
+
+Linus Torvalds, for example, makes new kernel releases by tagging them,
+then running:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ release-script 2.6.12 2.6.13-rc6 2.6.13-rc7
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+where release-script is a shell script that looks like:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+#!/bin/sh
+stable="$1"
+last="$2"
+new="$3"
+echo "# git tag v$new"
+echo "git archive --prefix=linux-$new/ v$new | gzip -9 > ../linux-$new.tar.gz"
+echo "git diff v$stable v$new | gzip -9 > ../patch-$new.gz"
+echo "git log --no-merges v$new ^v$last > ../ChangeLog-$new"
+echo "git shortlog --no-merges v$new ^v$last > ../ShortLog"
+echo "git diff --stat --summary -M v$last v$new > ../diffstat-$new"
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and then he just cut-and-pastes the output commands after verifying that
+they look OK.
+
+[[Finding-comments-With-given-Content]]
+Finding commits referencing a file with given content
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Somebody hands you a copy of a file, and asks which commits modified a
+file such that it contained the given content either before or after the
+commit.  You can find out with this:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$  git log --raw --abbrev=40 --pretty=oneline |
+	grep -B 1 `git hash-object filename`
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Figuring out why this works is left as an exercise to the (advanced)
+student.  The linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], and
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
+
+[[Developing-With-git]]
+Developing with git
+===================
+
+[[telling-git-your-name]]
+Telling git your name
+---------------------
+
+Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git.  The
+easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
+file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+[user]
+	name = Your Name Comes Here
+	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
+------------------------------------------------
+
+(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details on the configuration file.)
+
+
+[[creating-a-new-repository]]
+Creating a new repository
+-------------------------
+
+Creating a new repository from scratch is very easy:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ mkdir project
+$ cd project
+$ git init
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+If you have some initial content (say, a tarball):
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ tar xzvf project.tar.gz
+$ cd project
+$ git init
+$ git add . # include everything below ./ in the first commit:
+$ git commit
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+[[how-to-make-a-commit]]
+How to make a commit
+--------------------
+
+Creating a new commit takes three steps:
+
+	1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
+	   favorite editor.
+	2. Telling git about your changes.
+	3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
+	   in step 2.
+
+In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
+times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
+at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
+special staging area called "the index."
+
+At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
+that of the HEAD.  The command "git diff --cached", which shows
+the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
+produce no output at that point.
+
+Modifying the index is easy:
+
+To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git add path/to/file
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+To add the contents of a new file to the index, use
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git add path/to/file
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rm path/to/file
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+After each step you can verify that
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff --cached
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+always shows the difference between the HEAD and the index file--this
+is what you'd commit if you created the commit now--and that
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
+
+Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file
+to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
+you run `git add` on the file again.
+
+When you're ready, just run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
+commit.  Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As a special shortcut,
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will update the index with any files that you've modified or removed
+and create a commit, all in one step.
+
+A number of commands are useful for keeping track of what you're
+about to commit:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff --cached # difference between HEAD and the index; what
+		    # would be committed if you ran "commit" now.
+$ git diff	    # difference between the index file and your
+		    # working directory; changes that would not
+		    # be included if you ran "commit" now.
+$ git diff HEAD	    # difference between HEAD and working tree; what
+		    # would be committed if you ran "commit -a" now.
+$ git status	    # a brief per-file summary of the above.
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You can also use linkgit:git-gui[1] to create commits, view changes in
+the index and the working tree files, and individually select diff hunks
+for inclusion in the index (by right-clicking on the diff hunk and
+choosing "Stage Hunk For Commit").
+
+[[creating-good-commit-messages]]
+Creating good commit messages
+-----------------------------
+
+Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
+with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
+change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
+description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use
+the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the
+body.
+
+[[ignoring-files]]
+Ignoring files
+--------------
+
+A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
+This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
+backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
+is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes
+annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
+`git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
+`git status`.
+
+You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
+in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+# Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
+# Ignore any file named foo.txt.
+foo.txt
+# Ignore (generated) html files,
+*.html
+# except foo.html which is maintained by hand.
+!foo.html
+# Ignore objects and archives.
+*.[oa]
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+See linkgit:gitignore[5] for a detailed explanation of the syntax.  You can
+also place .gitignore files in other directories in your working tree, and they
+will apply to those directories and their subdirectories.  The `.gitignore`
+files can be added to your repository like any other files (just run `git add
+.gitignore` and `git commit`, as usual), which is convenient when the exclude
+patterns (such as patterns matching build output files) would also make sense
+for other users who clone your repository.
+
+If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
+(instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
+them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
+specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.  Some git
+commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
+See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
+
+[[how-to-merge]]
+How to merge
+------------
+
+You can rejoin two diverging branches of development using
+linkgit:git-merge[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge branchname
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
+branch.
+
+A merge is made by combining the changes made in "branchname" and the
+changes made up to the latest commit in your current branch since
+their histories forked. The work tree is overwritten by the result of
+the merge when this combining is done cleanly, or overwritten by a
+half-merged results when this combining results in conflicts.
+Therefore, if you have uncommitted changes touching the same files as
+the ones impacted by the merge, Git will refuse to proceed. Most of
+the time, you will want to commit your changes before you can merge,
+and if you don't, then linkgit:git-stash[1] can take these changes
+away while you're doing the merge, and reapply them afterwards.
+
+If the changes are independent enough, Git will automatically complete
+the merge and commit the result (or reuse an existing commit in case
+of <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>, see below). On the other hand,
+if there are conflicts--for example, if the same file is
+modified in two different ways in the remote branch and the local
+branch--then you are warned; the output may look something like this:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge next
+ 100% (4/4) done
+Auto-merged file.txt
+CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in file.txt
+Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
+you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
+with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
+creating a new file.
+
+If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
+has two parents, one pointing to the top of the current branch, and
+one to the top of the other branch.
+
+[[resolving-a-merge]]
+Resolving a merge
+-----------------
+
+When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
+the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
+information you need to help resolve the merge.
+
+Files with conflicts are marked specially in the index, so until you
+resolve the problem and update the index, linkgit:git-commit[1] will
+fail:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+file.txt: needs merge
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Also, linkgit:git-status[1] will list those files as "unmerged", and the
+files with conflicts will have conflict markers added, like this:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+<<<<<<< HEAD:file.txt
+Hello world
+=======
+Goodbye
+>>>>>>> 77976da35a11db4580b80ae27e8d65caf5208086:file.txt
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+All you need to do is edit the files to resolve the conflicts, and then
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git add file.txt
+$ git commit
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that the commit message will already be filled in for you with
+some information about the merge.  Normally you can just use this
+default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
+your own if desired.
+
+The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But git
+also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
+
+[[conflict-resolution]]
+Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
+already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
+the conflicts.  It uses an unusual syntax:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+diff --cc file.txt
+index 802992c,2b60207..0000000
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,5 @@@
+++<<<<<<< HEAD:file.txt
+ +Hello world
+++=======
++ Goodbye
+++>>>>>>> 77976da35a11db4580b80ae27e8d65caf5208086:file.txt
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Recall that the commit which will be committed after we resolve this
+conflict will have two parents instead of the usual one: one parent
+will be HEAD, the tip of the current branch; the other will be the
+tip of the other branch, which is stored temporarily in MERGE_HEAD.
+
+During the merge, the index holds three versions of each file.  Each of
+these three "file stages" represents a different version of the file:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show :1:file.txt	# the file in a common ancestor of both branches
+$ git show :2:file.txt	# the version from HEAD.
+$ git show :3:file.txt	# the version from MERGE_HEAD.
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+When you ask linkgit:git-diff[1] to show the conflicts, it runs a
+three-way diff between the conflicted merge results in the work tree with
+stages 2 and 3 to show only hunks whose contents come from both sides,
+mixed (in other words, when a hunk's merge results come only from stage 2,
+that part is not conflicting and is not shown.  Same for stage 3).
+
+The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
+file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions.  So instead of preceding
+each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
+column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
+directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
+and the working directory copy.  (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
+of linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for a details of the format.)
+
+After resolving the conflict in the obvious way (but before updating the
+index), the diff will look like:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+diff --cc file.txt
+index 802992c,2b60207..0000000
+--- a/file.txt
++++ b/file.txt
+@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,1 @@@
+- Hello world
+ -Goodbye
+++Goodbye world
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This shows that our resolved version deleted "Hello world" from the
+first parent, deleted "Goodbye" from the second parent, and added
+"Goodbye world", which was previously absent from both.
+
+Some special diff options allow diffing the working directory against
+any of these stages:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff -1 file.txt		# diff against stage 1
+$ git diff --base file.txt	# same as the above
+$ git diff -2 file.txt		# diff against stage 2
+$ git diff --ours file.txt	# same as the above
+$ git diff -3 file.txt		# diff against stage 3
+$ git diff --theirs file.txt	# same as the above.
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The linkgit:git-log[1] and linkgit:gitk[1] commands also provide special help
+for merges:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --merge
+$ gitk --merge
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+These will display all commits which exist only on HEAD or on
+MERGE_HEAD, and which touch an unmerged file.
+
+You may also use linkgit:git-mergetool[1], which lets you merge the
+unmerged files using external tools such as Emacs or kdiff3.
+
+Each time you resolve the conflicts in a file and update the index:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git add file.txt
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+the different stages of that file will be "collapsed", after which
+`git diff` will (by default) no longer show diffs for that file.
+
+[[undoing-a-merge]]
+Undoing a merge
+---------------
+
+If you get stuck and decide to just give up and throw the whole mess
+away, you can always return to the pre-merge state with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git reset --hard HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Or, if you've already committed the merge that you want to throw away,
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+However, this last command can be dangerous in some cases--never
+throw away a commit you have already committed if that commit may
+itself have been merged into another branch, as doing so may confuse
+further merges.
+
+[[fast-forwards]]
+Fast-forward merges
+-------------------
+
+There is one special case not mentioned above, which is treated
+differently.  Normally, a merge results in a merge commit, with two
+parents, one pointing at each of the two lines of development that
+were merged.
+
+However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
+commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
+just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
+forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
+commits being created.
+
+[[fixing-mistakes]]
+Fixing mistakes
+---------------
+
+If you've messed up the working tree, but haven't yet committed your
+mistake, you can return the entire working tree to the last committed
+state with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git reset --hard HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+If you make a commit that you later wish you hadn't, there are two
+fundamentally different ways to fix the problem:
+
+	1. You can create a new commit that undoes whatever was done
+	by the old commit.  This is the correct thing if your
+	mistake has already been made public.
+
+	2. You can go back and modify the old commit.  You should
+	never do this if you have already made the history public;
+	git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
+	change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
+	a branch that has had its history changed.
+
+[[reverting-a-commit]]
+Fixing a mistake with a new commit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Creating a new commit that reverts an earlier change is very easy;
+just pass the linkgit:git-revert[1] command a reference to the bad
+commit; for example, to revert the most recent commit:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git revert HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This will create a new commit which undoes the change in HEAD.  You
+will be given a chance to edit the commit message for the new commit.
+
+You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git revert HEAD^
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
+intact any changes made since then.  If more recent changes overlap
+with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
+conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
+resolving a merge>>.
+
+[[fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history]]
+Fixing a mistake by rewriting history
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If the problematic commit is the most recent commit, and you have not
+yet made that commit public, then you may just
+<<undoing-a-merge,destroy it using `git reset`>>.
+
+Alternatively, you
+can edit the working directory and update the index to fix your
+mistake, just as if you were going to <<how-to-make-a-commit,create a
+new commit>>, then run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit --amend
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
+changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+
+Again, you should never do this to a commit that may already have
+been merged into another branch; use linkgit:git-revert[1] instead in
+that case.
+
+It is also possible to replace commits further back in the history, but
+this is an advanced topic to be left for
+<<cleaning-up-history,another chapter>>.
+
+[[checkout-of-path]]
+Checking out an old version of a file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In the process of undoing a previous bad change, you may find it
+useful to check out an older version of a particular file using
+linkgit:git-checkout[1].  We've used `git checkout` before to switch
+branches, but it has quite different behavior if it is given a path
+name: the command
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout HEAD^ path/to/file
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+replaces path/to/file by the contents it had in the commit HEAD^, and
+also updates the index to match.  It does not change branches.
+
+If you just want to look at an old version of the file, without
+modifying the working directory, you can do that with
+linkgit:git-show[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^:path/to/file
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+which will display the given version of the file.
+
+[[interrupted-work]]
+Temporarily setting aside work in progress
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+While you are in the middle of working on something complicated, you
+find an unrelated but obvious and trivial bug.  You would like to fix it
+before continuing.  You can use linkgit:git-stash[1] to save the current
+state of your work, and after fixing the bug (or, optionally after doing
+so on a different branch and then coming back), unstash the
+work-in-progress changes.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git stash save "work in progress for foo feature"
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This command will save your changes away to the `stash`, and
+reset your working tree and the index to match the tip of your
+current branch.  Then you can make your fix as usual.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+... edit and test ...
+$ git commit -a -m "blorpl: typofix"
+------------------------------------------------
+
+After that, you can go back to what you were working on with
+`git stash pop`:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git stash pop
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+[[ensuring-good-performance]]
+Ensuring good performance
+-------------------------
+
+On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
+
+This compression is not performed automatically.  Therefore you
+should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git gc
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+to recompress the archive.  This can be very time-consuming, so
+you may prefer to run `git gc` when you are not doing other work.
+
+
+[[ensuring-reliability]]
+Ensuring reliability
+--------------------
+
+[[checking-for-corruption]]
+Checking the repository for corruption
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command runs a number of self-consistency checks
+on the repository, and reports on any problems.  This may take some
+time.  The most common warning by far is about "dangling" objects:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fsck
+dangling commit 7281251ddd2a61e38657c827739c57015671a6b3
+dangling commit 2706a059f258c6b245f298dc4ff2ccd30ec21a63
+dangling commit 13472b7c4b80851a1bc551779171dcb03655e9b5
+dangling blob 218761f9d90712d37a9c5e36f406f92202db07eb
+dangling commit bf093535a34a4d35731aa2bd90fe6b176302f14f
+dangling commit 8e4bec7f2ddaa268bef999853c25755452100f8e
+dangling tree d50bb86186bf27b681d25af89d3b5b68382e4085
+dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f
+...
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Dangling objects are not a problem.  At worst they may take up a little
+extra disk space.  They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for
+recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details.
+
+[[recovering-lost-changes]]
+Recovering lost changes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+[[reflogs]]
+Reflogs
+^^^^^^^
+
+Say you modify a branch with `linkgit:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then
+realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
+history.
+
+Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
+previous values of each branch.  So in this case you can still find the
+old history using, for example,
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log master@{1}
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
+"master" branch head.  This syntax can be used with any git command
+that accepts a commit, not just with git log.  Some other examples:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show master@{2}		# See where the branch pointed 2,
+$ git show master@{3}		# 3, ... changes ago.
+$ gitk master@{yesterday}	# See where it pointed yesterday,
+$ gitk master@{"1 week ago"}	# ... or last week
+$ git log --walk-reflogs master	# show reflog entries for master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+A separate reflog is kept for the HEAD, so
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD@{"1 week ago"}
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will show what HEAD pointed to one week ago, not what the current branch
+pointed to one week ago.  This allows you to see the history of what
+you've checked out.
+
+The reflogs are kept by default for 30 days, after which they may be
+pruned.  See linkgit:git-reflog[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1] to learn
+how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
+section of linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for details.
+
+Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
+While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
+same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
+how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
+
+[[dangling-object-recovery]]
+Examining dangling objects
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In some situations the reflog may not be able to save you.  For example,
+suppose you delete a branch, then realize you need the history it
+contained.  The reflog is also deleted; however, if you have not yet
+pruned the repository, then you may still be able to find the lost
+commits in the dangling objects that `git fsck` reports.  See
+<<dangling-objects>> for the details.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fsck
+dangling commit 7281251ddd2a61e38657c827739c57015671a6b3
+dangling commit 2706a059f258c6b245f298dc4ff2ccd30ec21a63
+dangling commit 13472b7c4b80851a1bc551779171dcb03655e9b5
+...
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You can examine
+one of those dangling commits with, for example,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk 7281251ddd --not --all
+------------------------------------------------
+
+which does what it sounds like: it says that you want to see the commit
+history that is described by the dangling commit(s), but not the
+history that is described by all your existing branches and tags.  Thus
+you get exactly the history reachable from that commit that is lost.
+(And notice that it might not be just one commit: we only report the
+"tip of the line" as being dangling, but there might be a whole deep
+and complex commit history that was dropped.)
+
+If you decide you want the history back, you can always create a new
+reference pointing to it, for example, a new branch:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch recovered-branch 7281251ddd
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Other types of dangling objects (blobs and trees) are also possible, and
+dangling objects can arise in other situations.
+
+
+[[sharing-development]]
+Sharing development with others
+===============================
+
+[[getting-updates-With-git-pull]]
+Getting updates with git pull
+-----------------------------
+
+After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you
+may wish to check the original repository for updates and merge them
+into your own work.
+
+We have already seen <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch,how to
+keep remote tracking branches up to date>> with linkgit:git-fetch[1],
+and how to merge two branches.  So you can merge in changes from the
+original repository's master branch with:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch
+$ git merge origin/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+However, the linkgit:git-pull[1] command provides a way to do this in
+one step:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull origin master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then by default "git pull"
+merges from the HEAD branch of the origin repository.  So often you can
+accomplish the above with just a simple
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+More generally, a branch that is created from a remote branch will pull
+by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
+branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
+linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
+linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
+
+In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
+producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
+repository that you pulled from.
+
+(But note that no such commit will be created in the case of a
+<<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
+updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
+
+The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
+in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
+the commands
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git pull . branch
+$ git merge branch
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+are roughly equivalent.  The former is actually very commonly used.
+
+[[submitting-patches]]
+Submitting patches to a project
+-------------------------------
+
+If you just have a few changes, the simplest way to submit them may
+just be to send them as patches in email:
+
+First, use linkgit:git-format-patch[1]; for example:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git format-patch origin
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
+for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
+
+You can then import these into your mail client and send them by
+hand.  However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to
+use the linkgit:git-send-email[1] script to automate the process.
+Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine how they
+prefer such patches be handled.
+
+[[importing-patches]]
+Importing patches to a project
+------------------------------
+
+Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
+"apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
+Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
+single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git am -3 patches.mbox
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
+will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
+"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The "-3" option tells
+git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
+leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
+
+Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
+resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git am --resolved
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
+remaining patches from the mailbox.
+
+The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
+the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each
+taken from the message containing each patch.
+
+[[public-repositories]]
+Public git repositories
+-----------------------
+
+Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
+of that project to pull the changes from your repository using
+linkgit:git-pull[1].  In the section "<<getting-updates-With-git-pull,
+Getting updates with `git pull`>>" we described this as a way to get
+updates from the "main" repository, but it works just as well in the
+other direction.
+
+If you and the maintainer both have accounts on the same machine, then
+you can just pull changes from each other's repositories directly;
+commands that accept repository URLs as arguments will also accept a
+local directory name:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git clone /path/to/repository
+$ git pull /path/to/other/repository
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or an ssh URL:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git clone ssh://yourhost/~you/repository
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+For projects with few developers, or for synchronizing a few private
+repositories, this may be all you need.
+
+However, the more common way to do this is to maintain a separate public
+repository (usually on a different host) for others to pull changes
+from.  This is usually more convenient, and allows you to cleanly
+separate private work in progress from publicly visible work.
+
+You will continue to do your day-to-day work in your personal
+repository, but periodically "push" changes from your personal
+repository into your public repository, allowing other developers to
+pull from that repository.  So the flow of changes, in a situation
+where there is one other developer with a public repository, looks
+like this:
+
+                        you push
+  your personal repo ------------------> your public repo
+	^                                     |
+	|                                     |
+	| you pull                            | they pull
+	|                                     |
+	|                                     |
+        |               they push             V
+  their public repo <------------------- their repo
+
+We explain how to do this in the following sections.
+
+[[setting-up-a-public-repository]]
+Setting up a public repository
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj.  We
+first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
+is meant to be public:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git clone --bare ~/proj proj.git
+$ touch proj.git/git-daemon-export-ok
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
+just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
+around it.
+
+Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
+public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
+convenient.
+
+[[exporting-via-git]]
+Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is the preferred method.
+
+If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
+directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
+at.  You can then skip to the section
+"<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
+repository>>", below.
+
+Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
+listen on port 9418.  By default, it will allow access to any directory
+that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
+git-daemon-export-ok.  Passing some directory paths as `git daemon`
+arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
+
+You can also run `git daemon` as an inetd service; see the
+linkgit:git-daemon[1] man page for details.  (See especially the
+examples section.)
+
+[[exporting-via-http]]
+Exporting a git repository via http
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
+host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
+
+All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
+a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
+adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ mv proj.git /home/you/public_html/proj.git
+$ cd proj.git
+$ git --bare update-server-info
+$ mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+(For an explanation of the last two lines, see
+linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
+
+Advertise the URL of proj.git.  Anybody else should then be able to
+clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+(See also
+link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
+for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
+allows pushing over http.)
+
+[[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
+Pushing changes to a public repository
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Note that the two techniques outlined above (exporting via
+<<exporting-via-http,http>> or <<exporting-via-git,git>>) allow other
+maintainers to fetch your latest changes, but they do not allow write
+access, which you will need to update the public repository with the
+latest changes created in your private repository.
+
+The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
+update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
+branch named "master", run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or just
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As with `git fetch`, `git push` will complain if this does not result in a
+<<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on
+handling this case.
+
+Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
+<<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository.  You can also push to a
+repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
+will not be updated by the push.  This may lead to unexpected results if
+the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
+
+As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
+save typing; so, for example, after
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
+[remote "public-repo"]
+	url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+EOF
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+you should be able to perform the above push with just
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push public-repo master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
+and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details.
+
+[[forcing-push]]
+What to do when a push fails
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If a push would not result in a <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> of the
+remote branch, then it will fail with an error like:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+error: remote 'refs/heads/master' is not an ancestor of
+ local  'refs/heads/master'.
+ Maybe you are not up-to-date and need to pull first?
+error: failed to push to 'ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git'
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This can happen, for example, if you:
+
+	- use `git reset --hard` to remove already-published commits, or
+	- use `git commit --amend` to replace already-published commits
+	  (as in <<fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history>>), or
+	- use `git rebase` to rebase any already-published commits (as
+	  in <<using-git-rebase>>).
+
+You may force `git push` to perform the update anyway by preceding the
+branch name with a plus sign:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
+is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
+before.  By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
+(See <<problems-With-rewriting-history>>.)
+
+Nevertheless, this is a common practice for people that need a simple
+way to publish a work-in-progress patch series, and it is an acceptable
+compromise as long as you warn other developers that this is how you
+intend to manage the branch.
+
+It's also possible for a push to fail in this way when other people have
+the right to push to the same repository.  In that case, the correct
+solution is to retry the push after first updating your work: either by a
+pull, or by a fetch followed by a rebase; see the
+<<setting-up-a-shared-repository,next section>> and
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for more.
+
+[[setting-up-a-shared-repository]]
+Setting up a shared repository
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Another way to collaborate is by using a model similar to that
+commonly used in CVS, where several developers with special rights
+all push to and pull from a single shared repository.  See
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
+set this up.
+
+However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
+repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
+simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
+exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
+advantages over the central shared repository:
+
+	- Git's ability to quickly import and merge patches allows a
+	  single maintainer to process incoming changes even at very
+	  high rates.  And when that becomes too much, `git pull` provides
+	  an easy way for that maintainer to delegate this job to other
+	  maintainers while still allowing optional review of incoming
+	  changes.
+	- Since every developer's repository has the same complete copy
+	  of the project history, no repository is special, and it is
+	  trivial for another developer to take over maintenance of a
+	  project, either by mutual agreement, or because a maintainer
+	  becomes unresponsive or difficult to work with.
+	- The lack of a central group of "committers" means there is
+	  less need for formal decisions about who is "in" and who is
+	  "out".
+
+[[setting-up-gitweb]]
+Allowing web browsing of a repository
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
+project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
+gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
+
+[[sharing-development-examples]]
+Examples
+--------
+
+[[maintaining-topic-branches]]
+Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
+IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
+
+He uses two public branches:
+
+ - A "test" tree into which patches are initially placed so that they
+   can get some exposure when integrated with other ongoing development.
+   This tree is available to Andrew for pulling into -mm whenever he
+   wants.
+
+ - A "release" tree into which tested patches are moved for final sanity
+   checking, and as a vehicle to send them upstream to Linus (by sending
+   him a "please pull" request.)
+
+He also uses a set of temporary branches ("topic branches"), each
+containing a logical grouping of patches.
+
+To set this up, first create your work tree by cloning Linus's public
+tree:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work
+$ cd work
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Linus's tree will be stored in the remote branch named origin/master,
+and can be updated using linkgit:git-fetch[1]; you can track other
+public trees using linkgit:git-remote[1] to set up a "remote" and
+linkgit:git-fetch[1] to keep them up-to-date; see
+<<repositories-and-branches>>.
+
+Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
+at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
+the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
+Linus by default.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch --track test origin/master
+$ git branch --track release origin/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+These can be easily kept up to date using linkgit:git-pull[1].
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout test && git pull
+$ git checkout release && git pull
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
+this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
+changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
+the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
+doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
+will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
+from the release branch.
+
+A few configuration variables (see linkgit:git-config[1]) can
+make it easy to push both branches to your public tree.  (See
+<<setting-up-a-public-repository>>.)
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ cat >> .git/config <<EOF
+[remote "mytree"]
+	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
+	push = release
+	push = test
+EOF
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Then you can push both the test and release trees using
+linkgit:git-push[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push mytree
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or push just one of the test and release branches using:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push mytree test
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push mytree release
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Now to apply some patches from the community.  Think of a short
+snappy name for a branch to hold this patch (or related group of
+patches), and create a new branch from the current tip of Linus's
+branch:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks origin
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Now you apply the patch(es), run some tests, and commit the change(s).  If
+the patch is a multi-part series, then you should apply each as a separate
+commit to this branch.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ ... patch ... test  ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]*
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the
+"test" branch in preparation to make it public:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
+spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
+
+Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
+same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
+see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
+means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
+well chosen names you picked for each of them, you may forget what
+they are for, or what status they are in.  To get a reminder of what
+changes are in a specific branch, use:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log linux..branchname | git shortlog
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+To see whether it has already been merged into the test or release branches,
+use:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log test..branchname
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log release..branchname
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+(If this branch has not yet been merged, you will see some log entries.
+If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
+
+Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
+then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
+"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+You detect this when the output from:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log origin..branchname
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+is empty.  At this point the branch can be deleted:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch -d branchname
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
+branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches.  For
+these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
+merge that into the "test" branch.
+
+To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
+pull" request to Linus you can use:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff --stat origin..release
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+==== update script ====
+# Update a branch in my GIT tree.  If the branch to be updated
+# is origin, then pull from kernel.org.  Otherwise merge
+# origin/master branch into test|release branch
+
+case "$1" in
+test|release)
+	git checkout $1 && git pull . origin
+	;;
+origin)
+	before=$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master)
+	git fetch origin
+	after=$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master)
+	if [ $before != $after ]
+	then
+		git log $before..$after | git shortlog
+	fi
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+==== merge script ====
+# Merge a branch into either the test or release branch
+
+pname=$0
+
+usage()
+{
+	echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+git show-ref -q --verify -- refs/heads/"$1" || {
+	echo "Can't see branch <$1>" 1>&2
+	usage
+}
+
+case "$2" in
+test|release)
+	if [ $(git log $2..$1 | wc -c) -eq 0 ]
+	then
+		echo $1 already merged into $2 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	git checkout $2 && git pull . $1
+	;;
+*)
+	usage
+	;;
+esac
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+==== status script ====
+# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
+
+gb=$(tput setab 2)
+rb=$(tput setab 1)
+restore=$(tput setab 9)
+
+if [ `git rev-list test..release | wc -c` -gt 0 ]
+then
+	echo $rb Warning: commits in release that are not in test $restore
+	git log test..release
+fi
+
+for branch in `git show-ref --heads | sed 's|^.*/||'`
+do
+	if [ $branch = test -o $branch = release ]
+	then
+		continue
+	fi
+
+	echo -n $gb ======= $branch ====== $restore " "
+	status=
+	for ref in test release origin/master
+	do
+		if [ `git rev-list $ref..$branch | wc -c` -gt 0 ]
+		then
+			status=$status${ref:0:1}
+		fi
+	done
+	case $status in
+	trl)
+		echo $rb Need to pull into test $restore
+		;;
+	rl)
+		echo "In test"
+		;;
+	l)
+		echo "Waiting for linus"
+		;;
+	"")
+		echo $rb All done $restore
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo $rb "<$status>" $restore
+		;;
+	esac
+	git log origin/master..$branch | git shortlog
+done
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+
+[[cleaning-up-history]]
+Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
+==============================================
+
+Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
+replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
+cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
+
+However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
+assumption.
+
+[[patch-series]]
+Creating the perfect patch series
+---------------------------------
+
+Suppose you are a contributor to a large project, and you want to add a
+complicated feature, and to present it to the other developers in a way
+that makes it easy for them to read your changes, verify that they are
+correct, and understand why you made each change.
+
+If you present all of your changes as a single patch (or commit), they
+may find that it is too much to digest all at once.
+
+If you present them with the entire history of your work, complete with
+mistakes, corrections, and dead ends, they may be overwhelmed.
+
+So the ideal is usually to produce a series of patches such that:
+
+	1. Each patch can be applied in order.
+
+	2. Each patch includes a single logical change, together with a
+	   message explaining the change.
+
+	3. No patch introduces a regression: after applying any initial
+	   part of the series, the resulting project still compiles and
+	   works, and has no bugs that it didn't have before.
+
+	4. The complete series produces the same end result as your own
+	   (probably much messier!) development process did.
+
+We will introduce some tools that can help you do this, explain how to
+use them, and then explain some of the problems that can arise because
+you are rewriting history.
+
+[[using-git-rebase]]
+Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
+"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b mywork origin
+$ vi file.txt
+$ git commit
+$ vi otherfile.txt
+$ git commit
+...
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
+sequence of patches on top of "origin":
+
+................................................
+ o--o--o <-- origin
+        \
+         o--o--o <-- mywork
+................................................
+
+Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
+"origin" has advanced:
+
+................................................
+ o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
+        \
+         a--b--c <-- mywork
+................................................
+
+At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
+the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
+
+................................................
+ o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
+        \        \
+         a--b--c--m <-- mywork
+................................................
+
+However, if you prefer to keep the history in mywork a simple series of
+commits without any merges, you may instead choose to use
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout mywork
+$ git rebase origin
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
+them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
+point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
+patches to the new mywork.  The result will look like:
+
+
+................................................
+ o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
+		 \
+		  a'--b'--c' <-- mywork
+................................................
+
+In the process, it may discover conflicts.  In that case it will stop
+and allow you to fix the conflicts; after fixing conflicts, use `git add`
+to update the index with those contents, and then, instead of
+running `git commit`, just run
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rebase --continue
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
+
+At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
+return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git rebase --abort
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+[[rewriting-one-commit]]
+Rewriting a single commit
+-------------------------
+
+We saw in <<fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history>> that you can replace the
+most recent commit using
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit --amend
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
+changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+
+You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
+replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
+intervening changes on top of it.  First, tag the problematic commit
+with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git tag bad mywork~5
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
+
+Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
+on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
+branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout bad
+$ # make changes here and update the index
+$ git commit --amend
+$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
+patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit.  You can
+then clean up with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git tag -d bad
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
+"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
+new commits having new object names.
+
+[[reordering-patch-series]]
+Reordering or selecting from a patch series
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
+allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
+new commit that records it.  So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
+series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
+$ gitk origin..mywork &
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
+applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
+cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
+The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
+individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
+right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
+
+Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
+patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git format-patch origin
+$ git reset --hard origin
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+
+[[patch-series-tools]]
+Other tools
+-----------
+
+There are numerous other tools, such as StGit, which exist for the
+purpose of maintaining a patch series.  These are outside of the scope of
+this manual.
+
+[[problems-With-rewriting-history]]
+Problems with rewriting history
+-------------------------------
+
+The primary problem with rewriting the history of a branch has to do
+with merging.  Suppose somebody fetches your branch and merges it into
+their branch, with a result something like this:
+
+................................................
+ o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
+        \        \
+         t--t--t--m <-- their branch:
+................................................
+
+Then suppose you modify the last three commits:
+
+................................................
+	 o--o--o <-- new head of origin
+	/
+ o--o--O--o--o--o <-- old head of origin
+................................................
+
+If we examined all this history together in one repository, it will
+look like:
+
+................................................
+	 o--o--o <-- new head of origin
+	/
+ o--o--O--o--o--o <-- old head of origin
+        \        \
+         t--t--t--m <-- their branch:
+................................................
+
+Git has no way of knowing that the new head is an updated version of
+the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
+two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
+in parallel.  At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
+in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
+new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
+new.  The results are likely to be unexpected.
+
+You may still choose to publish branches whose history is rewritten,
+and it may be useful for others to be able to fetch those branches in
+order to examine or test them, but they should not attempt to pull such
+branches into their own work.
+
+For true distributed development that supports proper merging,
+published branches should never be rewritten.
+
+[[bisect-merges]]
+Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The linkgit:git-bisect[1] command correctly handles history that
+includes merge commits.  However, when the commit that it finds is a
+merge commit, the user may need to work harder than usual to figure out
+why that commit introduced a problem.
+
+Imagine this history:
+
+................................................
+      ---Z---o---X---...---o---A---C---D
+          \                       /
+           o---o---Y---...---o---B
+................................................
+
+Suppose that on the upper line of development, the meaning of one
+of the functions that exists at Z is changed at commit X.  The
+commits from Z leading to A change both the function's
+implementation and all calling sites that exist at Z, as well
+as new calling sites they add, to be consistent.  There is no
+bug at A.
+
+Suppose that in the meantime on the lower line of development somebody
+adds a new calling site for that function at commit Y.  The
+commits from Z leading to B all assume the old semantics of that
+function and the callers and the callee are consistent with each
+other.  There is no bug at B, either.
+
+Suppose further that the two development lines merge cleanly at C,
+so no conflict resolution is required.
+
+Nevertheless, the code at C is broken, because the callers added
+on the lower line of development have not been converted to the new
+semantics introduced on the upper line of development.  So if all
+you know is that D is bad, that Z is good, and that
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] identifies C as the culprit, how will you
+figure out that the problem is due to this change in semantics?
+
+When the result of a `git bisect` is a non-merge commit, you should
+normally be able to discover the problem by examining just that commit.
+Developers can make this easy by breaking their changes into small
+self-contained commits.  That won't help in the case above, however,
+because the problem isn't obvious from examination of any single
+commit; instead, a global view of the development is required.  To
+make matters worse, the change in semantics in the problematic
+function may be just one small part of the changes in the upper
+line of development.
+
+On the other hand, if instead of merging at C you had rebased the
+history between Z to B on top of A, you would have gotten this
+linear history:
+
+................................................................
+    ---Z---o---X--...---o---A---o---o---Y*--...---o---B*--D*
+................................................................
+
+Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
+and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
+
+Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
+working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
+linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
+publishing.
+
+[[advanced-branch-management]]
+Advanced branch management
+==========================
+
+[[fetching-individual-branches]]
+Fetching individual branches
+----------------------------
+
+Instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1], you can also choose just
+to update one branch at a time, and to store it locally under an
+arbitrary name:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
+repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells git
+to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
+store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
+
+You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
+branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL.  If you
+already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
+<<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
+master branch.  In more detail:
+
+[[fetch-fast-forwards]]
+git fetch and fast-forwards
+---------------------------
+
+In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch"
+checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
+branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
+branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
+commit.  Git calls this process a <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>.
+
+A fast-forward looks something like this:
+
+................................................
+ o--o--o--o <-- old head of the branch
+           \
+            o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
+................................................
+
+
+In some cases it is possible that the new head will *not* actually be
+a descendant of the old head.  For example, the developer may have
+realized she made a serious mistake, and decided to backtrack,
+resulting in a situation like:
+
+................................................
+ o--o--o--o--a--b <-- old head of the branch
+           \
+            o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
+................................................
+
+In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
+
+In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
+described in the following section.  However, note that in the
+situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
+unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
+them.
+
+[[forcing-fetch]]
+Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates
+------------------------------------------------
+
+If git fetch fails because the new head of a branch is not a
+descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Note the addition of the "+" sign.  Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
+flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch -f origin
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Be aware that commits that the old version of example/master pointed at
+may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
+
+[[remote-branch-configuration]]
+Configuring remote branches
+---------------------------
+
+We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
+repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
+stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
+linkgit:git-config[1]:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git config -l
+core.repositoryformatversion=0
+core.filemode=true
+core.logallrefupdates=true
+remote.origin.url=git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+branch.master.remote=origin
+branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
+create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
+after
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+then the following two commands will do the same thing:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Even better, if you add one more option:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+then the following commands will all do the same thing:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch example
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
+throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
+
+Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
+directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
+linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
+options mentioned above.
+
+
+[[git-concepts]]
+Git concepts
+============
+
+Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
+is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
+git much more intuitive if you do.
+
+We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
+database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
+
+[[the-object-database]]
+The Object Database
+-------------------
+
+
+We already saw in <<understanding-commits>> that all commits are stored
+under a 40-digit "object name".  In fact, all the information needed to
+represent the history of a project is stored in objects with such names.
+In each case the name is calculated by taking the SHA-1 hash of the
+contents of the object.  The SHA-1 hash is a cryptographic hash function.
+What that means to us is that it is impossible to find two different
+objects with the same name.  This has a number of advantages; among
+others:
+
+- Git can quickly determine whether two objects are identical or not,
+  just by comparing names.
+- Since object names are computed the same way in every repository, the
+  same content stored in two repositories will always be stored under
+  the same name.
+- Git can detect errors when it reads an object, by checking that the
+  object's name is still the SHA-1 hash of its contents.
+
+(See <<object-details>> for the details of the object formatting and
+SHA-1 calculation.)
+
+There are four different types of objects: "blob", "tree", "commit", and
+"tag".
+
+- A <<def_blob_object,"blob" object>> is used to store file data.
+- A <<def_tree_object,"tree" object>> ties one or more
+  "blob" objects into a directory structure. In addition, a tree object
+  can refer to other tree objects, thus creating a directory hierarchy.
+- A <<def_commit_object,"commit" object>> ties such directory hierarchies
+  together into a <<def_DAG,directed acyclic graph>> of revisions--each
+  commit contains the object name of exactly one tree designating the
+  directory hierarchy at the time of the commit. In addition, a commit
+  refers to "parent" commit objects that describe the history of how we
+  arrived at that directory hierarchy.
+- A <<def_tag_object,"tag" object>> symbolically identifies and can be
+  used to sign other objects. It contains the object name and type of
+  another object, a symbolic name (of course!) and, optionally, a
+  signature.
+
+The object types in some more detail:
+
+[[commit-object]]
+Commit Object
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
+of how we got there and why.  Use the --pretty=raw option to
+linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
+commit:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show -s --pretty=raw 2be7fcb476
+commit 2be7fcb4764f2dbcee52635b91fedb1b3dcf7ab4
+tree fb3a8bdd0ceddd019615af4d57a53f43d8cee2bf
+parent 257a84d9d02e90447b149af58b271c19405edb6a
+author Dave Watson <dwatson@mimvista.com> 1187576872 -0400
+committer Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> 1187591163 -0700
+
+    Fix misspelling of 'suppress' in docs
+
+    Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+As you can see, a commit is defined by:
+
+- a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing
+  the contents of a directory at a certain point in time.
+- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the
+  immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project.  The
+  example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than
+  one.  A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and
+  represents the initial revision of a project.  Each project must have
+  at least one root.  A project can also have multiple roots, though
+  that isn't common (or necessarily a good idea).
+- an author: The name of the person responsible for this change, together
+  with its date.
+- a committer: The name of the person who actually created the commit,
+  with the date it was done.  This may be different from the author, for
+  example, if the author was someone who wrote a patch and emailed it
+  to the person who used it to create the commit.
+- a comment describing this commit.
+
+Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
+actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
+of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
+its parents.  In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
+explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
+file data at changing paths suggests a rename.  (See, for example, the
+-M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
+
+A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
+commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
+taken from the content currently stored in the index.
+
+[[tree-object]]
+Tree Object
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ever-versatile linkgit:git-show[1] command can also be used to
+examine tree objects, but linkgit:git-ls-tree[1] will give you more
+details:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-tree fb3a8bdd0ce
+100644 blob 63c918c667fa005ff12ad89437f2fdc80926e21c    .gitignore
+100644 blob 5529b198e8d14decbe4ad99db3f7fb632de0439d    .mailmap
+100644 blob 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3    COPYING
+040000 tree 2fb783e477100ce076f6bf57e4a6f026013dc745    Documentation
+100755 blob 3c0032cec592a765692234f1cba47dfdcc3a9200    GIT-VERSION-GEN
+100644 blob 289b046a443c0647624607d471289b2c7dcd470b    INSTALL
+100644 blob 4eb463797adc693dc168b926b6932ff53f17d0b1    Makefile
+100644 blob 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52    README
+...
+------------------------------------------------
+
+As you can see, a tree object contains a list of entries, each with a
+mode, object type, SHA-1 name, and name, sorted by name.  It represents
+the contents of a single directory tree.
+
+The object type may be a blob, representing the contents of a file, or
+another tree, representing the contents of a subdirectory.  Since trees
+and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their
+contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their
+contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
+are identical.  This allows git to quickly determine the differences
+between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
+identical object names.
+
+(Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
+entries.  See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
+
+Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
+attention to the executable bit.
+
+[[blob-object]]
+Blob Object
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
+for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show 6ff87c4664
+
+ Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
+ is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
+ v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
+...
+------------------------------------------------
+
+A "blob" object is nothing but a binary blob of data.  It doesn't refer
+to anything else or have attributes of any kind.
+
+Since the blob is entirely defined by its data, if two files in a
+directory tree (or in multiple different versions of the repository)
+have the same contents, they will share the same blob object. The object
+is totally independent of its location in the directory tree, and
+renaming a file does not change the object that file is associated with.
+
+Note that any tree or blob object can be examined using
+linkgit:git-show[1] with the <revision>:<path> syntax.  This can
+sometimes be useful for browsing the contents of a tree that is not
+currently checked out.
+
+[[trust]]
+Trust
+~~~~~
+
+If you receive the SHA-1 name of a blob from one source, and its contents
+from another (possibly untrusted) source, you can still trust that those
+contents are correct as long as the SHA-1 name agrees.  This is because
+the SHA-1 is designed so that it is infeasible to find different contents
+that produce the same hash.
+
+Similarly, you need only trust the SHA-1 name of a top-level tree object
+to trust the contents of the entire directory that it refers to, and if
+you receive the SHA-1 name of a commit from a trusted source, then you
+can easily verify the entire history of commits reachable through
+parents of that commit, and all of those contents of the trees referred
+to by those commits.
+
+So to introduce some real trust in the system, the only thing you need
+to do is to digitally sign just 'one' special note, which includes the
+name of a top-level commit.  Your digital signature shows others
+that you trust that commit, and the immutability of the history of
+commits tells others that they can trust the whole history.
+
+In other words, you can easily validate a whole archive by just
+sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA-1 hash)
+of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
+like GPG/PGP.
+
+To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
+
+[[tag-object]]
+Tag Object
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A tag object contains an object, object type, tag name, the name of the
+person ("tagger") who created the tag, and a message, which may contain
+a signature, as can be seen using linkgit:git-cat-file[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file tag v1.5.0
+object 437b1b20df4b356c9342dac8d38849f24ef44f27
+type commit
+tag v1.5.0
+tagger Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> 1171411200 +0000
+
+GIT 1.5.0
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.6 (GNU/Linux)
+
+iD8DBQBF0lGqwMbZpPMRm5oRAuRiAJ9ohBLd7s2kqjkKlq1qqC57SbnmzQCdG4ui
+nLE/L9aUXdWeTFPron96DLA=
+=2E+0
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+------------------------------------------------
+
+See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
+objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
+"lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
+references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
+
+[[pack-files]]
+How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
+object's SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
+
+Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
+lot of objects.  Try this on an old project:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git count-objects
+6930 objects, 47620 kilobytes
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The first number is the number of objects which are kept in
+individual files.  The second is the amount of space taken up by
+those "loose" objects.
+
+You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
+to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
+compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
+found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
+
+To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git repack
+Generating pack...
+Done counting 6020 objects.
+Deltifying 6020 objects.
+ 100% (6020/6020) done
+Writing 6020 objects.
+ 100% (6020/6020) done
+Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
+Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created.
+------------------------------------------------
+
+You can then run
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git prune
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
+pack.  This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
+created when, for example, you use "git reset" to remove a commit).
+You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
+.git/objects directory or by running
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git count-objects
+0 objects, 0 kilobytes
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Although the object files are gone, any commands that refer to those
+objects will work exactly as they did before.
+
+The linkgit:git-gc[1] command performs packing, pruning, and more for
+you, so is normally the only high-level command you need.
+
+[[dangling-objects]]
+Dangling objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command will sometimes complain about dangling
+objects.  They are not a problem.
+
+The most common cause of dangling objects is that you've rebased a
+branch, or you have pulled from somebody else who rebased a branch--see
+<<cleaning-up-history>>.  In that case, the old head of the original
+branch still exists, as does everything it pointed to. The branch
+pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
+
+There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
+example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git add" of a
+file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
+bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
+that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
+not being pointed to by any commit or tree, so it's now a dangling blob
+object.
+
+Similarly, when the "recursive" merge strategy runs, and finds that
+there are criss-cross merges and thus more than one merge base (which is
+fairly unusual, but it does happen), it will generate one temporary
+midway tree (or possibly even more, if you had lots of criss-crossing
+merges and more than two merge bases) as a temporary internal merge
+base, and again, those are real objects, but the end result will not end
+up pointing to them, so they end up "dangling" in your repository.
+
+Generally, dangling objects aren't anything to worry about. They can
+even be very useful: if you screw something up, the dangling objects can
+be how you recover your old tree (say, you did a rebase, and realized
+that you really didn't want to--you can look at what dangling objects
+you have, and decide to reset your head to some old dangling state).
+
+For commits, you can just use:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk <dangling-commit-sha-goes-here> --not --all
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This asks for all the history reachable from the given commit but not
+from any branch, tag, or other reference.  If you decide it's something
+you want, you can always create a new reference to it, e.g.,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch recovered-branch <dangling-commit-sha-goes-here>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+For blobs and trees, you can't do the same, but you can still examine
+them.  You can just do
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git show <dangling-blob/tree-sha-goes-here>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
+what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
+of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
+
+Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
+almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
+will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
+have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
+because you interrupted a "git fetch" with ^C or something like that,
+leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
+dangling and useless.
+
+Anyway, once you are sure that you're not interested in any dangling
+state, you can just prune all unreachable objects:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git prune
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
+repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
+don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
+
+(The same is true of "git fsck" itself, btw, but since
+`git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
+on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run.
+Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
+confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
+contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
+repository is a *BAD* idea).
+
+[[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
+Recovering from repository corruption
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
+the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
+operating system errors could corrupt data.
+
+The first defense against such problems is backups.  You can back up a
+git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
+mechanism.
+
+As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
+to replace them by hand.  Back up your repository before attempting this
+in case you corrupt things even more in the process.
+
+We'll assume that the problem is a single missing or corrupted blob,
+which is sometimes a solvable problem.  (Recovering missing trees and
+especially commits is *much* harder).
+
+Before starting, verify that there is corruption, and figure out where
+it is with linkgit:git-fsck[1]; this may be time-consuming.
+
+Assume the output looks like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fsck --full
+broken link from    tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
+              to    blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+------------------------------------------------
+
+(Typically there will be some "dangling object" messages too, but they
+aren't interesting.)
+
+Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
+points to it.  If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
+object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
+.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
+still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
+which might output something like:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
+100644 blob 8d14531846b95bfa3564b58ccfb7913a034323b8	.gitignore
+100644 blob ebf9bf84da0aab5ed944264a5db2a65fe3a3e883	.mailmap
+100644 blob ca442d313d86dc67e0a2e5d584b465bd382cbf5c	COPYING
+...
+100644 blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200	myfile
+...
+------------------------------------------------
+
+So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
+"myfile".  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
+say it's in "somedirectory".  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
+the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
+"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git hash-object -w somedirectory/myfile
+------------------------------------------------
+
+which will create and store a blob object with the contents of
+somedirectory/myfile, and output the SHA-1 of that object.  if you're
+extremely lucky it might be 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200, in
+which case you've guessed right, and the corruption is fixed!
+
+Otherwise, you need more information.  How do you tell which version of
+the file has been lost?
+
+The easiest way to do this is with:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --raw --all --full-history -- somedirectory/myfile
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Because you're asking for raw output, you'll now get something like
+
+------------------------------------------------
+commit abc
+Author:
+Date:
+...
+:100644 100644 4b9458b... newsha... M somedirectory/myfile
+
+
+commit xyz
+Author:
+Date:
+
+...
+:100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was
+"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha".
+You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha
+to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha.
+
+If you've been committing small enough changes, you may now have a good
+shot at reconstructing the contents of the in-between state 4b9458b.
+
+If you can do that, you can now recreate the missing object with
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git hash-object -w <recreated-file>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and your repository is good again!
+
+(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --raw --all
+------------------------------------------------
+
+and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
+whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+just missing one particular blob version.
+
+[[the-index]]
+The index
+-----------
+
+The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
+sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
+object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git ls-files --stage
+100644 63c918c667fa005ff12ad89437f2fdc80926e21c 0	.gitignore
+100644 5529b198e8d14decbe4ad99db3f7fb632de0439d 0	.mailmap
+100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0	COPYING
+100644 a37b2152bd26be2c2289e1f57a292534a51a93c7 0	Documentation/.gitignore
+100644 fbefe9a45b00a54b58d94d06eca48b03d40a50e0 0	Documentation/Makefile
+...
+100644 2511aef8d89ab52be5ec6a5e46236b4b6bcd07ea 0	xdiff/xtypes.h
+100644 2ade97b2574a9f77e7ae4002a4e07a6a38e46d07 0	xdiff/xutils.c
+100644 d5de8292e05e7c36c4b68857c1cf9855e3d2f70a 0	xdiff/xutils.h
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Note that in older documentation you may see the index called the
+"current directory cache" or just the "cache".  It has three important
+properties:
+
+1. The index contains all the information necessary to generate a single
+(uniquely determined) tree object.
++
+For example, running linkgit:git-commit[1] generates this tree object
+from the index, stores it in the object database, and uses it as the
+tree object associated with the new commit.
+
+2. The index enables fast comparisons between the tree object it defines
+and the working tree.
++
+It does this by storing some additional data for each entry (such as
+the last modified time).  This data is not displayed above, and is not
+stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
+quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
+stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
+data from such files to look for changes.
+
+3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
+between different tree objects, allowing each pathname to be
+associated with sufficient information about the trees involved that
+you can create a three-way merge between them.
++
+We saw in <<conflict-resolution>> that during a merge the index can
+store multiple versions of a single file (called "stages").  The third
+column in the linkgit:git-ls-files[1] output above is the stage
+number, and will take on values other than 0 for files with merge
+conflicts.
+
+The index is thus a sort of temporary staging area, which is filled with
+a tree which you are in the process of working on.
+
+If you blow the index away entirely, you generally haven't lost any
+information as long as you have the name of the tree that it described.
+
+[[submodules]]
+Submodules
+==========
+
+Large projects are often composed of smaller, self-contained modules.  For
+example, an embedded Linux distribution's source tree would include every
+piece of software in the distribution with some local modifications; a movie
+player might need to build against a specific, known-working version of a
+decompression library; several independent programs might all share the same
+build scripts.
+
+With centralized revision control systems this is often accomplished by
+including every module in one single repository.  Developers can check out
+all modules or only the modules they need to work with.  They can even modify
+files across several modules in a single commit while moving things around
+or updating APIs and translations.
+
+Git does not allow partial checkouts, so duplicating this approach in Git
+would force developers to keep a local copy of modules they are not
+interested in touching.  Commits in an enormous checkout would be slower
+than you'd expect as Git would have to scan every directory for changes.
+If modules have a lot of local history, clones would take forever.
+
+On the plus side, distributed revision control systems can much better
+integrate with external sources.  In a centralized model, a single arbitrary
+snapshot of the external project is exported from its own revision control
+and then imported into the local revision control on a vendor branch.  All
+the history is hidden.  With distributed revision control you can clone the
+entire external history and much more easily follow development and re-merge
+local changes.
+
+Git's submodule support allows a repository to contain, as a subdirectory, a
+checkout of an external project.  Submodules maintain their own identity;
+the submodule support just stores the submodule repository location and
+commit ID, so other developers who clone the containing project
+("superproject") can easily clone all the submodules at the same revision.
+Partial checkouts of the superproject are possible: you can tell Git to
+clone none, some or all of the submodules.
+
+The linkgit:git-submodule[1] command is available since Git 1.5.3.  Users
+with Git 1.5.2 can look up the submodule commits in the repository and
+manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at
+all.
+
+To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example
+repositories that can be used later as a submodule:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ mkdir ~/git
+$ cd ~/git
+$ for i in a b c d
+do
+	mkdir $i
+	cd $i
+	git init
+	echo "module $i" > $i.txt
+	git add $i.txt
+	git commit -m "Initial commit, submodule $i"
+	cd ..
+done
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Now create the superproject and add all the submodules:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ mkdir super
+$ cd super
+$ git init
+$ for i in a b c d
+do
+	git submodule add ~/git/$i $i
+done
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+NOTE: Do not use local URLs here if you plan to publish your superproject!
+
+See what files `git submodule` created:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ ls -a
+.  ..  .git  .gitmodules  a  b  c  d
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The `git submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
+
+- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
+  current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
+- It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
+  adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
+- It adds the submodule's current commit ID to the index, ready to be
+  committed.
+
+Commit the superproject:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -m "Add submodules a, b, c and d."
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Now clone the superproject:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ cd ..
+$ git clone super cloned
+$ cd cloned
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The submodule directories are there, but they're empty:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ ls -a a
+.  ..
+$ git submodule status
+-d266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b a
+-e81d457da15309b4fef4249aba9b50187999670d b
+-c1536a972b9affea0f16e0680ba87332dc059146 c
+-d96249ff5d57de5de093e6baff9e0aafa5276a74 d
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+NOTE: The commit object names shown above would be different for you, but they
+should match the HEAD commit object names of your repositories.  You can check
+it by running `git ls-remote ../a`.
+
+Pulling down the submodules is a two-step process. First run `git submodule
+init` to add the submodule repository URLs to `.git/config`:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git submodule init
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Now use `git submodule update` to clone the repositories and check out the
+commits specified in the superproject:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git submodule update
+$ cd a
+$ ls -a
+.  ..  .git  a.txt
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+One major difference between `git submodule update` and `git submodule add` is
+that `git submodule update` checks out a specific commit, rather than the tip
+of a branch. It's like checking out a tag: the head is detached, so you're not
+working on a branch.
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch
+* (no branch)
+  master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+If you want to make a change within a submodule and you have a detached head,
+then you should create or checkout a branch, make your changes, publish the
+change within the submodule, and then update the superproject to reference the
+new commit:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b fix-up
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+then
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ echo "adding a line again" >> a.txt
+$ git commit -a -m "Updated the submodule from within the superproject."
+$ git push
+$ cd ..
+$ git diff
+diff --git a/a b/a
+index d266b98..261dfac 160000
+--- a/a
++++ b/a
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Subproject commit d266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b
++Subproject commit 261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24
+$ git add a
+$ git commit -m "Updated submodule a."
+$ git push
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You have to run `git submodule update` after `git pull` if you want to update
+submodules, too.
+
+Pitfalls with submodules
+------------------------
+
+Always publish the submodule change before publishing the change to the
+superproject that references it. If you forget to publish the submodule change,
+others won't be able to clone the repository:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ cd ~/git/super/a
+$ echo i added another line to this file >> a.txt
+$ git commit -a -m "doing it wrong this time"
+$ cd ..
+$ git add a
+$ git commit -m "Updated submodule a again."
+$ git push
+$ cd ~/git/cloned
+$ git pull
+$ git submodule update
+error: pathspec '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' did not match any file(s) known to git.
+Did you forget to 'git add'?
+Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
+files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing
+the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff"
+in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or
+modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git
+diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch
+output or used with the --submodule option:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+diff --git a/sub b/sub
+--- a/sub
++++ b/sub
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Subproject commit 3f356705649b5d566d97ff843cf193359229a453
++Subproject commit 3f356705649b5d566d97ff843cf193359229a453-dirty
+$ git diff --submodule
+Submodule sub 3f35670..3f35670-dirty:
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You also should not rewind branches in a submodule beyond commits that were
+ever recorded in any superproject.
+
+It's not safe to run `git submodule update` if you've made and committed
+changes within a submodule without checking out a branch first. They will be
+silently overwritten:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ cat a.txt
+module a
+$ echo line added from private2 >> a.txt
+$ git commit -a -m "line added inside private2"
+$ cd ..
+$ git submodule update
+Submodule path 'a': checked out 'd266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b'
+$ cd a
+$ cat a.txt
+module a
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
+
+This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+
+[[low-level-operations]]
+Low-level git operations
+========================
+
+Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
+scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands.  These can still
+be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
+understand its inner workings.
+
+[[object-manipulation]]
+Object access and manipulation
+------------------------------
+
+The linkgit:git-cat-file[1] command can show the contents of any object,
+though the higher-level linkgit:git-show[1] is usually more useful.
+
+The linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] command allows constructing commits with
+arbitrary parents and trees.
+
+A tree can be created with linkgit:git-write-tree[1] and its data can be
+accessed by linkgit:git-ls-tree[1].  Two trees can be compared with
+linkgit:git-diff-tree[1].
+
+A tag is created with linkgit:git-mktag[1], and the signature can be
+verified by linkgit:git-verify-tag[1], though it is normally simpler to
+use linkgit:git-tag[1] for both.
+
+[[the-workflow]]
+The Workflow
+------------
+
+High-level operations such as linkgit:git-commit[1],
+linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-reset[1] work by moving data
+between the working tree, the index, and the object database.  Git
+provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
+individually.
+
+Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
+work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
+index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
+the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
+combinations:
+
+[[working-directory-to-index]]
+working directory -> index
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The linkgit:git-update-index[1] command updates the index with
+information from the working directory.  You generally update the
+index information by just specifying the filename you want to update,
+like so:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git update-index filename
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command
+will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
+i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
+
+To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
+longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
+should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
+
+NOTE! A `--remove` flag does 'not' mean that subsequent filenames will
+necessarily be removed: if the files still exist in your directory
+structure, the index will be updated with their new status, not
+removed. The only thing `--remove` means is that update-index will be
+considering a removed file to be a valid thing, and if the file really
+does not exist any more, it will update the index accordingly.
+
+As a special case, you can also do `git update-index --refresh`, which
+will refresh the "stat" information of each index to match the current
+stat information. It will 'not' update the object status itself, and
+it will only update the fields that are used to quickly test whether
+an object still matches its old backing store object.
+
+The previously introduced linkgit:git-add[1] is just a wrapper for
+linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+
+[[index-to-object-database]]
+index -> object database
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You write your current index file to a "tree" object with the program
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git write-tree
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+that doesn't come with any options--it will just write out the
+current index into the set of tree objects that describe that state,
+and it will return the name of the resulting top-level tree. You can
+use that tree to re-generate the index at any time by going in the
+other direction:
+
+[[object-database-to-index]]
+object database -> index
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You read a "tree" file from the object database, and use that to
+populate (and overwrite--don't do this if your index contains any
+unsaved state that you might want to restore later!) your current
+index.  Normal operation is just
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git read-tree <SHA-1 of tree>
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and your index file will now be equivalent to the tree that you saved
+earlier. However, that is only your 'index' file: your working
+directory contents have not been modified.
+
+[[index-to-working-directory]]
+index -> working directory
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You update your working directory from the index by "checking out"
+files. This is not a very common operation, since normally you'd just
+keep your files updated, and rather than write to your working
+directory, you'd tell the index files about the changes in your
+working directory (i.e. `git update-index`).
+
+However, if you decide to jump to a new version, or check out somebody
+else's version, or just restore a previous tree, you'd populate your
+index file with read-tree, and then you need to check out the result
+with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout-index filename
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+or, if you want to check out all of the index, use `-a`.
+
+NOTE! `git checkout-index` normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
+if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
+need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
+'force' the checkout.
+
+
+Finally, there are a few odds and ends which are not purely moving
+from one representation to the other:
+
+[[tying-it-all-together]]
+Tying it all together
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
+create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
+behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
+history.
+
+Normally a "commit" has one parent: the previous state of the tree
+before a certain change was made. However, sometimes it can have two
+or more parent commits, in which case we call it a "merge", due to the
+fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more
+previous states represented by other commits.
+
+In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state
+of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time",
+and explains how we got there.
+
+You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the
+state at the time of the commit, and a list of parents:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit-tree <tree> -p <parent> [-p <parent2> ..]
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and then giving the reason for the commit on stdin (either through
+redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty).
+
+`git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents
+that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
+you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
+save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
+result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
+what the last committed state was.
+
+Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
+various pieces fit together.
+
+------------
+
+                     commit-tree
+                      commit obj
+                       +----+
+                       |    |
+                       |    |
+                       V    V
+                    +-----------+
+                    | Object DB |
+                    |  Backing  |
+                    |   Store   |
+                    +-----------+
+                       ^
+           write-tree  |     |
+             tree obj  |     |
+                       |     |  read-tree
+                       |     |  tree obj
+                             V
+                    +-----------+
+                    |   Index   |
+                    |  "cache"  |
+                    +-----------+
+         update-index  ^
+             blob obj  |     |
+                       |     |
+    checkout-index -u  |     |  checkout-index
+             stat      |     |  blob obj
+                             V
+                    +-----------+
+                    |  Working  |
+                    | Directory |
+                    +-----------+
+
+------------
+
+
+[[examining-the-data]]
+Examining the data
+------------------
+
+You can examine the data represented in the object database and the
+index with various helper tools. For every object, you can use
+linkgit:git-cat-file[1] to examine details about the
+object:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file -t <objectname>
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+shows the type of the object, and once you have the type (which is
+usually implicit in where you find the object), you can use
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file blob|tree|commit|tag <objectname>
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+to show its contents. NOTE! Trees have binary content, and as a result
+there is a special helper for showing that content, called
+`git ls-tree`, which turns the binary content into a more easily
+readable form.
+
+It's especially instructive to look at "commit" objects, since those
+tend to be small and fairly self-explanatory. In particular, if you
+follow the convention of having the top commit name in `.git/HEAD`,
+you can do
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file commit HEAD
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+to see what the top commit was.
+
+[[merging-multiple-trees]]
+Merging multiple trees
+----------------------
+
+Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by
+repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally
+"commit" the state.  The normal situation is that you'd only do one
+three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you
+can do multiple parents in one go.
+
+To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects
+that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a
+third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the
+state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points.
+
+To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent
+of two commits with
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+which will return you the commit they are both based on.  You should
+now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily
+do with (for example)
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+since the tree object information is always the first line in a commit
+object.
+
+Once you know the three trees you are going to merge (the one "original"
+tree, aka the common tree, and the two "result" trees, aka the branches
+you want to merge), you do a "merge" read into the index. This will
+complain if it has to throw away your old index contents, so you should
+make sure that you've committed those--in fact you would normally
+always do a merge against your last commit (which should thus match what
+you have in your current index anyway).
+
+To do the merge, do
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git read-tree -m -u <origtree> <yourtree> <targettree>
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+which will do all trivial merge operations for you directly in the
+index file, and you can just write the result out with
+`git write-tree`.
+
+
+[[merging-multiple-trees-2]]
+Merging multiple trees, continued
+---------------------------------
+
+Sadly, many merges aren't trivial. If there are files that have
+been added, moved or removed, or if both branches have modified the
+same file, you will be left with an index tree that contains "merge
+entries" in it. Such an index tree can 'NOT' be written out to a tree
+object, and you will have to resolve any such merge clashes using
+other tools before you can write out the result.
+
+You can examine such index state with `git ls-files --unmerged`
+command.  An example:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git read-tree -m $orig HEAD $target
+$ git ls-files --unmerged
+100644 263414f423d0e4d70dae8fe53fa34614ff3e2860 1	hello.c
+100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2	hello.c
+100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3	hello.c
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
+the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the
+filename.  The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
+came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD`
+tree, and stage3 `$target` tree.
+
+Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside
+`git read-tree -m`.  For example, if the file did not change
+from `$orig` to `HEAD` nor `$target`, or if the file changed
+from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` the same way,
+obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`.  What the
+above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
+`$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
+You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
+program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
+the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git cat-file blob 263414f... >hello.c~1
+$ git cat-file blob 06fa6a2... >hello.c~2
+$ git cat-file blob cc44c73... >hello.c~3
+$ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
+with conflict markers if there are conflicts.  After verifying
+the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
+merge result for this file is by:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ mv -f hello.c~2 hello.c
+$ git update-index hello.c
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for
+that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
+
+The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
+to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
+In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
+for this.  There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the
+stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
+
+[[hacking-git]]
+Hacking git
+===========
+
+This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
+probably only git developers need to understand.
+
+[[object-details]]
+Object storage format
+---------------------
+
+All objects have a statically determined "type" which identifies the
+format of the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other
+objects).  There are currently four different object types: "blob",
+"tree", "commit", and "tag".
+
+Regardless of object type, all objects share the following
+characteristics: they are all deflated with zlib, and have a header
+that not only specifies their type, but also provides size information
+about the data in the object.  It's worth noting that the SHA-1 hash
+that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
+plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
+for 'file'.
+(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
+was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.)
+
+As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
+independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
+be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
+file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
+forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
+size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
+
+The structured objects can further have their structure and
+connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
+the `git fsck` program, which generates a full dependency graph
+of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition
+to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash).
+
+[[birdview-on-the-source-code]]
+A birds-eye view of Git's source code
+-------------------------------------
+
+It is not always easy for new developers to find their way through Git's
+source code.  This section gives you a little guidance to show where to
+start.
+
+A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
+
+----------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout e83c5163
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
+today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
+
+Note that terminology has changed since that revision.  For example, the
+README in that revision uses the word "changeset" to describe what we
+now call a <<def_commit_object,commit>>.
+
+Also, we do not call it "cache" any more, but rather "index"; however, the
+file is still called `cache.h`.  Remark: Not much reason to change it now,
+especially since there is no good single name for it anyway, because it is
+basically _the_ header file which is included by _all_ of Git's C sources.
+
+If you grasp the ideas in that initial commit, you should check out a
+more recent version and skim `cache.h`, `object.h` and `commit.h`.
+
+In the early days, Git (in the tradition of UNIX) was a bunch of programs
+which were extremely simple, and which you used in scripts, piping the
+output of one into another. This turned out to be good for initial
+development, since it was easier to test new things.  However, recently
+many of these parts have become builtins, and some of the core has been
+"libified", i.e. put into libgit.a for performance, portability reasons,
+and to avoid code duplication.
+
+By now, you know what the index is (and find the corresponding data
+structures in `cache.h`), and that there are just a couple of object types
+(blobs, trees, commits and tags) which inherit their common structure from
+`struct object`, which is their first member (and thus, you can cast e.g.
+`(struct object *)commit` to achieve the _same_ as `&commit->object`, i.e.
+get at the object name and flags).
+
+Now is a good point to take a break to let this information sink in.
+
+Next step: get familiar with the object naming.  Read <<naming-commits>>.
+There are quite a few ways to name an object (and not only revisions!).
+All of these are handled in `sha1_name.c`. Just have a quick look at
+the function `get_sha1()`. A lot of the special handling is done by
+functions like `get_sha1_basic()` or the likes.
+
+This is just to get you into the groove for the most libified part of Git:
+the revision walker.
+
+Basically, the initial version of `git log` was a shell script:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git-rev-list --pretty $(git-rev-parse --default HEAD "$@") | \
+	LESS=-S ${PAGER:-less}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+What does this mean?
+
+`git rev-list` is the original version of the revision walker, which
+_always_ printed a list of revisions to stdout.  It is still functional,
+and needs to, since most new Git commands start out as scripts using
+`git rev-list`.
+
+`git rev-parse` is not as important any more; it was only used to filter out
+options that were relevant for the different plumbing commands that were
+called by the script.
+
+Most of what `git rev-list` did is contained in `revision.c` and
+`revision.h`.  It wraps the options in a struct named `rev_info`, which
+controls how and what revisions are walked, and more.
+
+The original job of `git rev-parse` is now taken by the function
+`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command line
+options for the revision walker. This information is stored in the struct
+`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command line option
+parsing after calling `setup_revisions()`. After that, you have to call
+`prepare_revision_walk()` for initialization, and then you can get the
+commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`.
+
+If you are interested in more details of the revision walking process,
+just have a look at the first implementation of `cmd_log()`; call
+`git show v1.3.0{tilde}155^2{tilde}4` and scroll down to that function (note that you
+no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly).
+
+Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the
+command `git`.  The source side of a builtin is
+
+- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`,
+  and declared in `builtin.h`,
+
+- an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and
+
+- an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`.
+
+Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file.  For
+example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`,
+since they share quite a bit of code.  In that case, the commands which are
+_not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in
+`BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`.
+
+`git log` looks more complicated in C than it does in the original script,
+but that allows for a much greater flexibility and performance.
+
+Here again it is a good point to take a pause.
+
+Lesson three is: study the code.  Really, it is the best way to learn about
+the organization of Git (after you know the basic concepts).
+
+So, think about something which you are interested in, say, "how can I
+access a blob just knowing the object name of it?".  The first step is to
+find a Git command with which you can do it.  In this example, it is either
+`git show` or `git cat-file`.
+
+For the sake of clarity, let's stay with `git cat-file`, because it
+
+- is plumbing, and
+
+- was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through
+  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c`
+  when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions).
+
+So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
+it does.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+        git_config(git_default_config);
+        if (argc != 3)
+		usage("git cat-file [-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>] <sha1>");
+        if (get_sha1(argv[2], sha1))
+                die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[2]);
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Let's skip over the obvious details; the only really interesting part
+here is the call to `get_sha1()`.  It tries to interpret `argv[2]` as an
+object name, and if it refers to an object which is present in the current
+repository, it writes the resulting SHA-1 into the variable `sha1`.
+
+Two things are interesting here:
+
+- `get_sha1()` returns 0 on _success_.  This might surprise some new
+  Git hackers, but there is a long tradition in UNIX to return different
+  negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success.
+
+- the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned
+  char \*`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
+  char[20]`.  This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given
+  commit.  Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char \*`, it
+  is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in
+  hex characters, which is passed as `char *`.
+
+You will see both of these things throughout the code.
+
+Now, for the meat:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        case 0:
+                buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, argv[1], &size, NULL);
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
+object).  To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
+works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
+read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
+the source.
+
+To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
+
+-----------------------------------
+        write_or_die(1, buf, size);
+-----------------------------------
+
+Sometimes, you do not know where to look for a feature.  In many such cases,
+it helps to search through the output of `git log`, and then `git show` the
+corresponding commit.
+
+Example: If you know that there was some test case for `git bundle`, but
+do not remember where it was (yes, you _could_ `git grep bundle t/`, but that
+does not illustrate the point!):
+
+------------------------
+$ git log --no-merges t/
+------------------------
+
+In the pager (`less`), just search for "bundle", go a few lines back,
+and see that it is in commit 18449ab0...  Now just copy this object name,
+and paste it into the command line
+
+-------------------
+$ git show 18449ab0
+-------------------
+
+Voila.
+
+Another example: Find out what to do in order to make some script a
+builtin:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
+itself!
+
+[[glossary]]
+Git Glossary
+============
+
+include::glossary-content.txt[]
+
+[[git-quick-start]]
+Appendix A: Git Quick Reference
+===============================
+
+This is a quick summary of the major commands; the previous chapters
+explain how these work in more detail.
+
+[[quick-creating-a-new-repository]]
+Creating a new repository
+-------------------------
+
+From a tarball:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
+$ cd project
+$ git init
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
+$ git add .
+$ git commit
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+From a remote repository:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git clone git://example.com/pub/project.git
+$ cd project
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+[[managing-branches]]
+Managing branches
+-----------------
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git branch	     # list all local branches in this repo
+$ git checkout test  # switch working directory to branch "test"
+$ git branch new     # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
+$ git branch -d new  # delete branch "new"
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Instead of basing a new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git branch new test    # branch named "test"
+$ git branch new v2.6.15 # tag named v2.6.15
+$ git branch new HEAD^   # commit before the most recent
+$ git branch new HEAD^^  # commit before that
+$ git branch new test~10 # ten commits before tip of branch "test"
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Create and switch to a new branch at the same time:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout -b new v2.6.15
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Update and examine branches from the repository you cloned from:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch		# update
+$ git branch -r		# list
+  origin/master
+  origin/next
+  ...
+$ git checkout -b masterwork origin/master
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Fetch a branch from a different repository, and give it a new
+name in your repository:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
+$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git v2.6.15:mybranch
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Keep a list of repositories you work with regularly:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git remote add example git://example.com/project.git
+$ git remote			# list remote repositories
+example
+origin
+$ git remote show example	# get details
+* remote example
+  URL: git://example.com/project.git
+  Tracked remote branches
+    master
+    next
+    ...
+$ git fetch example		# update branches from example
+$ git branch -r			# list all remote branches
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+
+[[exploring-history]]
+Exploring history
+-----------------
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ gitk			    # visualize and browse history
+$ git log		    # list all commits
+$ git log src/		    # ...modifying src/
+$ git log v2.6.15..v2.6.16  # ...in v2.6.16, not in v2.6.15
+$ git log master..test	    # ...in branch test, not in branch master
+$ git log test..master	    # ...in branch master, but not in test
+$ git log test...master	    # ...in one branch, not in both
+$ git log -S'foo()'	    # ...where difference contain "foo()"
+$ git log --since="2 weeks ago"
+$ git log -p		    # show patches as well
+$ git show		    # most recent commit
+$ git diff v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # diff between two tagged versions
+$ git diff v2.6.15..HEAD    # diff with current head
+$ git grep "foo()"	    # search working directory for "foo()"
+$ git grep v2.6.15 "foo()"  # search old tree for "foo()"
+$ git show v2.6.15:a.txt    # look at old version of a.txt
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Search for regressions:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git bisect start
+$ git bisect bad		# current version is bad
+$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2	# last known good revision
+Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
+				# test here, then:
+$ git bisect good		# if this revision is good, or
+$ git bisect bad		# if this revision is bad.
+				# repeat until done.
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+[[making-changes]]
+Making changes
+--------------
+
+Make sure git knows who to blame:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
+[user]
+	name = Your Name Comes Here
+	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
+EOF
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Select file contents to include in the next commit, then make the
+commit:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git add a.txt    # updated file
+$ git add b.txt    # new file
+$ git rm c.txt     # old file
+$ git commit
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Or, prepare and create the commit in one step:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git commit d.txt # use latest content only of d.txt
+$ git commit -a	   # use latest content of all tracked files
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+[[merging]]
+Merging
+-------
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git merge test   # merge branch "test" into the current branch
+$ git pull git://example.com/project.git master
+		   # fetch and merge in remote branch
+$ git pull . test  # equivalent to git merge test
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+[[sharing-your-changes]]
+Sharing your changes
+--------------------
+
+Importing or exporting patches:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
+				# in HEAD but not in origin
+$ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
+current branch:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Store the fetched branch into a local branch before merging into the
+current branch:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+After creating commits on a local branch, update the remote
+branch with your commits:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git mybranch:theirbranch
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+When remote and local branch are both named "test":
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git test
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Shortcut version for a frequently used remote repository:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git remote add example ssh://example.com/project.git
+$ git push example test
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+[[repository-maintenance]]
+Repository maintenance
+----------------------
+
+Check for corruption:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git fsck
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Recompress, remove unused cruft:
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+$ git gc
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+
+[[todo]]
+Appendix B: Notes and todo list for this manual
+===============================================
+
+This is a work in progress.
+
+The basic requirements:
+
+- It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
+  intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
+  any special knowledge of git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
+  should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
+- Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
+  they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
+  than necessary: for example, "importing patches into a project" rather
+  than "the `git am` command"
+
+Think about how to create a clear chapter dependency graph that will
+allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
+everything in between.
+
+Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
+
+- howto's
+- some of technical/?
+- hooks
+- list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
+
+Scan email archives for other stuff left out
+
+Scan man pages to see if any assume more background than this manual
+provides.
+
+Simplify beginning by suggesting disconnected head instead of
+temporary branch creation?
+
+Add more good examples.  Entire sections of just cookbook examples
+might be a good idea; maybe make an "advanced examples" section a
+standard end-of-chapter section?
+
+Include cross-references to the glossary, where appropriate.
+
+Document shallow clones?  See draft 1.5.0 release notes for some
+documentation.
+
+Add a section on working with other version control systems, including
+CVS, Subversion, and just imports of series of release tarballs.
+
+More details on gitweb?
+
+Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts.
+
+Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
+
+More on recovery from repository corruption.  See:
+	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
+	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index b3f937e..a7d8c63 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,80 +1,42 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=0.12.GITGUI
+DEF_VER=v1.6.6.GIT
 
 LF='
 '
 
-tree_search ()
-{
-	head=$1
-	tree=$2
-	for p in $(git rev-list --parents --max-count=1 $head 2>/dev/null)
-	do
-		test $tree = $(git rev-parse $p^{tree} 2>/dev/null) &&
-		vn=$(git describe --abbrev=4 $p 2>/dev/null) &&
-		case "$vn" in
-		gitgui-[0-9]*) echo $vn; break;;
-		esac
-	done
-}
-
-# Always use the tarball version file if found, just
-# in case we are somehow contained in a larger git
-# repository that doesn't actually track our state.
-# (At least one package manager is doing this.)
-#
-# We may be a subproject, so try looking for the merge
-# commit that supplied this directory content if we are
-# not at the toplevel.  We probably will always be the
-# second parent in the commit, but we shouldn't rely on
-# that fact.
-#
-# If we are at the toplevel or the merge assumption fails
-# try looking for a gitgui-* tag.
-
-if test -f version &&
-   VN=$(cat version)
+# First see if there is a version file (included in release tarballs),
+# then try git-describe, then default.
+if test -f version
 then
-	: happy
-elif prefix="$(git rev-parse --show-prefix 2>/dev/null)"
-   test -n "$prefix" &&
-   head=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD -- . 2>/dev/null) &&
-   tree=$(git rev-parse --verify "HEAD:$prefix" 2>/dev/null) &&
-   VN=$(tree_search $head $tree)
-   case "$VN" in
-   gitgui-[0-9]*) : happy ;;
-   *) (exit 1) ;;
-   esac
+	VN=$(cat version) || VN="$DEF_VER"
+elif test -d .git -o -f .git &&
+	VN=$(git describe --abbrev=4 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
+	case "$VN" in
+	*$LF*) (exit 1) ;;
+	v[0-9]*)
+		git update-index -q --refresh
+		test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only HEAD --)" ||
+		VN="$VN-dirty" ;;
+	esac
 then
-	VN=$(echo "$VN" | sed -e 's/^gitgui-//;s/-/./g');
-elif VN=$(git describe --abbrev=4 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
-   case "$VN" in
-   gitgui-[0-9]*) : happy ;;
-   *) (exit 1) ;;
-   esac
-then
-	VN=$(echo "$VN" | sed -e 's/^gitgui-//;s/-/./g');
+	VN=$(echo "$VN" | sed -e 's/-/./g');
 else
 	VN="$DEF_VER"
 fi
 
-dirty=$(sh -c 'git diff-index --name-only HEAD' 2>/dev/null) || dirty=
-case "$dirty" in
-'')
-	;;
-*)
-	VN="$VN-dirty" ;;
-esac
+VN=$(expr "$VN" : v*'\(.*\)')
 
 if test -r $GVF
 then
-	VC=$(sed -e 's/^GITGUI_VERSION = //' <$GVF)
+	VC=$(sed -e 's/^GIT_VERSION = //' <$GVF)
 else
 	VC=unset
 fi
 test "$VN" = "$VC" || {
-	echo >&2 "GITGUI_VERSION = $VN"
-	echo "GITGUI_VERSION = $VN" >$GVF
+	echo >&2 "GIT_VERSION = $VN"
+	echo "GIT_VERSION = $VN" >$GVF
 }
+
+
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61086ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+
+		Git installation
+
+Normally you can just do "make" followed by "make install", and that
+will install the git programs in your own ~/bin/ directory.  If you want
+to do a global install, you can do
+
+	$ make prefix=/usr all doc info ;# as yourself
+	# make prefix=/usr install install-doc install-html install-info ;# as root
+
+(or prefix=/usr/local, of course).  Just like any program suite
+that uses $prefix, the built results have some paths encoded,
+which are derived from $prefix, so "make all; make prefix=/usr
+install" would not work.
+
+The beginning of the Makefile documents many variables that affect the way
+git is built.  You can override them either from the command line, or in a
+config.mak file.
+
+Alternatively you can use autoconf generated ./configure script to
+set up install paths (via config.mak.autogen), so you can write instead
+
+	$ make configure ;# as yourself
+	$ ./configure --prefix=/usr ;# as yourself
+	$ make all doc ;# as yourself
+	# make install install-doc install-html;# as root
+
+
+Issues of note:
+
+ - Ancient versions of GNU Interactive Tools (pre-4.9.2) installed a
+   program "git", whose name conflicts with this program.  But with
+   version 4.9.2, after long hiatus without active maintenance (since
+   around 1997), it changed its name to gnuit and the name conflict is no
+   longer a problem.
+
+   NOTE: When compiled with backward compatibility option, the GNU
+   Interactive Tools package still can install "git", but you can build it
+   with --disable-transition option to avoid this.
+
+ - You can use git after building but without installing if you want
+   to test drive it.  Simply run git found in bin-wrappers directory
+   in the build directory, or prepend that directory to your $PATH.
+   This however is less efficient than running an installed git, as
+   you always need an extra fork+exec to run any git subcommand.
+
+   It is still possible to use git without installing by setting a few
+   environment variables, which was the way this was done
+   traditionally.  But using git found in bin-wrappers directory in
+   the build directory is far simpler.  As a historical reference, the
+   old way went like this:
+
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=`pwd`
+	PATH=`pwd`:$PATH
+	GITPERLLIB=`pwd`/perl/blib/lib
+	export GIT_EXEC_PATH PATH GITPERLLIB
+
+ - Git is reasonably self-sufficient, but does depend on a few external
+   programs and libraries.  Git can be used without most of them by adding
+   the approriate "NO_<LIBRARY>=YesPlease" to the make command line or
+   config.mak file.
+
+	- "zlib", the compression library. Git won't build without it.
+
+	- "ssh" is used to push and pull over the net.
+
+	- A POSIX-compliant shell is required to run many scripts needed
+	  for everyday use (e.g. "bisect", "pull").
+
+	- "Perl" is needed to use some of the features (e.g. preparing a
+	  partial commit using "git add -i/-p", interacting with svn
+	  repositories with "git svn").  If you can live without these, use
+	  NO_PERL.
+
+	- "openssl" library is used by git-imap-send to use IMAP over SSL.
+	  If you don't need it, use NO_OPENSSL.
+
+	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use it's own
+	  library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
+	  BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
+	  (PPC_SHA1).
+
+	- "libcurl" library is used by git-http-fetch and git-fetch.  You
+	  might also want the "curl" executable for debugging purposes.
+	  If you do not use http:// or https:// repositories, you do not
+	  have to have them (use NO_CURL).
+
+	- "expat" library; git-http-push uses it for remote lock
+	  management over DAV.  Similar to "curl" above, this is optional
+	  (with NO_EXPAT).
+
+	- "wish", the Tcl/Tk windowing shell is used in gitk to show the
+	  history graphically, and in git-gui.  If you don't want gitk or
+	  git-gui, you can use NO_TCLTK.
+
+ - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
+   but depending on your specific installation, you may not
+   have all the libraries/tools needed, or you may have
+   necessary libraries at unusual locations.  Please look at the
+   top of the Makefile to see what can be adjusted for your needs.
+   You can place local settings in config.mak and the Makefile
+   will include them.  Note that config.mak is not distributed;
+   the name is reserved for local settings.
+
+ - To build and install documentation suite, you need to have
+   the asciidoc/xmlto toolchain.  Because not many people are
+   inclined to install the tools, the default build target
+   ("make all") does _not_ build them.
+
+   "make doc" builds documentation in man and html formats; there are
+   also "make man", "make html" and "make info". Note that "make html"
+   requires asciidoc, but not xmlto. "make man" (and thus make doc)
+   requires both.
+
+   "make install-doc" installs documentation in man format only; there
+   are also "make install-man", "make install-html" and "make
+   install-info".
+
+   Building and installing the info file additionally requires
+   makeinfo and docbook2X.  Version 0.8.3 is known to work.
+
+   Building and installing the pdf file additionally requires
+   dblatex.  Version 0.2.7 with asciidoc >= 8.2.7 is known to work.
+
+   The documentation is written for AsciiDoc 7, but "make
+   ASCIIDOC8=YesPlease doc" will let you format with AsciiDoc 8.
+
+   Alternatively, pre-formatted documentation is available in
+   "html" and "man" branches of the git repository itself.  For
+   example, you could:
+
+	$ mkdir manual && cd manual
+	$ git init
+	$ git fetch-pack git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git man html |
+	  while read a b
+	  do
+	    echo $a >.git/$b
+	  done
+	$ cp .git/refs/heads/man .git/refs/heads/master
+	$ git checkout
+
+   to checkout the pre-built man pages.  Also in this repository:
+
+	$ git checkout html
+
+   would instead give you a copy of what you see at:
+
+	http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
+
+   There are also "make quick-install-doc", "make quick-install-man"
+   and "make quick-install-html" which install preformatted man pages
+   and html documentation.
+   This does not require asciidoc/xmlto, but it only works from within
+   a cloned checkout of git.git with these two extra branches, and will
+   not work for the maintainer for obvious chicken-and-egg reasons.
+
+   It has been reported that docbook-xsl version 1.72 and 1.73 are
+   buggy; 1.72 misformats manual pages for callouts, and 1.73 needs
+   the patch in contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 197b55e..7bf2fca 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,343 +1,2038 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
 all::
 
 # Define V=1 to have a more verbose compile.
 #
-# Define NO_MSGFMT if you do not have msgfmt from the GNU gettext
-# package and want to use our rough pure Tcl po->msg translator.
-# TCL_PATH must be vaild for this to work.
+# Define SHELL_PATH to a POSIX shell if your /bin/sh is broken.
 #
+# Define SANE_TOOL_PATH to a colon-separated list of paths to prepend
+# to PATH if your tools in /usr/bin are broken.
+#
+# Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
+# or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
+# have been written to the final string if enough space had been available.
+#
+# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
+# when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
+#
+# Define NO_OPENSSL environment variable if you do not have OpenSSL.
+# This also implies BLK_SHA1.
+#
+# Define NO_CURL if you do not have libcurl installed.  git-http-pull and
+# git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
+# transports.
+#
+# Define CURLDIR=/foo/bar if your curl header and library files are in
+# /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
+#
+# Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
+# not built, and you cannot push using http:// and https:// transports.
+#
+# Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
+# /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
+#
+# Define NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT if you don't have d_ino in your struct dirent.
+#
+# Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
+# d_type in struct dirent (latest Cygwin -- will be fixed soonish).
+#
+# Define NO_C99_FORMAT if your formatted IO functions (printf/scanf et.al.)
+# do not support the 'size specifiers' introduced by C99, namely ll, hh,
+# j, z, t. (representing long long int, char, intmax_t, size_t, ptrdiff_t).
+# some C compilers supported these specifiers prior to C99 as an extension.
+#
+# Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
+#
+# Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
+#
+# Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
+#
+# Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have strtoumax in the C library.
+# If your compiler also does not support long long or does not have
+# strtoull, define NO_STRTOULL.
+#
+# Define NO_SETENV if you don't have setenv in the C library.
+#
+# Define NO_UNSETENV if you don't have unsetenv in the C library.
+#
+# Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
+#
+# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
+#
+# Define NO_LIBGEN_H if you don't have libgen.h.
+#
+# Define NEEDS_LIBGEN if your libgen needs -lgen when linking
+#
+# Define NO_SYS_SELECT_H if you don't have sys/select.h.
+#
+# Define NO_SYMLINK_HEAD if you never want .git/HEAD to be a symbolic link.
+# Enable it on Windows.  By default, symrefs are still used.
+#
+# Define NO_SVN_TESTS if you want to skip time-consuming SVN interoperability
+# tests.  These tests take up a significant amount of the total test time
+# but are not needed unless you plan to talk to SVN repos.
+#
+# Define NO_FINK if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X, have Fink
+# installed in /sw, but don't want GIT to link against any libraries
+# installed there.  If defined you may specify your own (or Fink's)
+# include directories and library directories by defining CFLAGS
+# and LDFLAGS appropriately.
+#
+# Define NO_DARWIN_PORTS if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X,
+# have DarwinPorts installed in /opt/local, but don't want GIT to
+# link against any libraries installed there.  If defined you may
+# specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
+# library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
+#
+# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable if you want the C version
+# of the SHA1 that assumes you can do unaligned 32-bit loads and
+# have a fast htonl() function.
+#
+# Define PPC_SHA1 environment variable when running make to make use of
+# a bundled SHA1 routine optimized for PowerPC.
+#
+# Define NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL if you need -lcrypto when using -lssl (Darwin).
+#
+# Define NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO if you need -lssl when using -lcrypto (Darwin).
+#
+# Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin).
+#
+# Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
+# Patrick Mauritz).
+#
+# Define NEEDS_RESOLV if linking with -lnsl and/or -lsocket is not enough.
+# Notably on Solaris hstrerror resides in libresolv and on Solaris 7
+# inet_ntop and inet_pton additionally reside there.
+#
+# Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
+#
+# Define NO_PTHREADS if you do not have or do not want to use Pthreads.
+#
+# Define NO_PREAD if you have a problem with pread() system call (e.g.
+# cygwin.dll before v1.5.22).
+#
+# Define NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY if accessing objects in pack files is
+# generally faster on your platform than accessing the working directory.
+#
+# Define NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE if your filesystem may claim to support
+# the executable mode bit, but doesn't really do so.
+#
+# Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
+#
+# Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
+# sockaddr_storage.
+#
+# Define NO_ICONV if your libc does not properly support iconv.
+#
+# Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
+# (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
+#
+# Define NO_DEFLATE_BOUND if your zlib does not have deflateBound.
+#
+# Define NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER if your gcc does not like "-R/path/lib"
+# that tells runtime paths to dynamic libraries;
+# "-Wl,-rpath=/path/lib" is used instead.
+#
+# Define USE_NSEC below if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes
+# and ctimes. Note that you need recent glibc (at least 2.2.4) for this, and
+# it will BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely
+# randomly break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second
+# times (my ext3 doesn't).
+#
+# Define USE_ST_TIMESPEC if your "struct stat" uses "st_ctimespec" instead of
+# "st_ctim"
+#
+# Define NO_NSEC if your "struct stat" does not have "st_ctim.tv_nsec"
+# available.  This automatically turns USE_NSEC off.
+#
+# Define USE_STDEV below if you want git to care about the underlying device
+# change being considered an inode change from the update-index perspective.
+#
+# Define NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT if your platform does not have st_blocks
+# field that counts the on-disk footprint in 512-byte blocks.
+#
+# Define ASCIIDOC8 if you want to format documentation with AsciiDoc 8
+#
+# Define DOCBOOK_XSL_172 if you want to format man pages with DocBook XSL v1.72
+# (not v1.73 or v1.71).
+#
+# Define ASCIIDOC_NO_ROFF if your DocBook XSL escapes raw roff directives
+# (versions 1.72 and later and 1.68.1 and earlier).
+#
+# Define GNU_ROFF if your target system uses GNU groff.  This forces
+# apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
+# will work.
+#
+# Define NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER if you cannot use Makefiles generated by perl's
+# MakeMaker (e.g. using ActiveState under Cygwin).
+#
+# Define NO_PERL if you do not want Perl scripts or libraries at all.
+#
+# Define NO_PYTHON if you do not want Python scripts or libraries at all.
+#
+# Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
+#
+# The TCL_PATH variable governs the location of the Tcl interpreter
+# used to optimize git-gui for your system.  Only used if NO_TCLTK
+# is not set.  Defaults to the bare 'tclsh'.
+#
+# The TCLTK_PATH variable governs the location of the Tcl/Tk interpreter.
+# If not set it defaults to the bare 'wish'. If it is set to the empty
+# string then NO_TCLTK will be forced (this is used by configure script).
+#
+# Define INTERNAL_QSORT to use Git's implementation of qsort(), which
+# is a simplified version of the merge sort used in glibc. This is
+# recommended if Git triggers O(n^2) behavior in your platform's qsort().
+#
+# Define UNRELIABLE_FSTAT if your system's fstat does not return the same
+# information on a not yet closed file that lstat would return for the same
+# file after it was closed.
+#
+# Define OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES if your operating systems has problems
+# when hardlinking a file to another name and unlinking the original file right
+# away (some NTFS drivers seem to zero the contents in that scenario).
+#
+# Define NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS if you plan to distribute the installed
+# programs as a tar, where bin/ and libexec/ might be on different file systems.
+#
+# Define USE_NED_ALLOCATOR if you want to replace the platforms default
+# memory allocators with the nedmalloc allocator written by Niall Douglas.
+#
+# Define NO_REGEX if you have no or inferior regex support in your C library.
+#
+# Define JSMIN to point to JavaScript minifier that functions as
+# a filter to have gitweb.js minified.
+#
+# Define DEFAULT_PAGER to a sensible pager command (defaults to "less") if
+# you want to use something different.  The value will be interpreted by the
+# shell at runtime when it is used.
+#
+# Define DEFAULT_EDITOR to a sensible editor command (defaults to "vi") if you
+# want to use something different.  The value will be interpreted by the shell
+# if necessary when it is used.  Examples:
+#
+#   DEFAULT_EDITOR='~/bin/vi',
+#   DEFAULT_EDITOR='$GIT_FALLBACK_EDITOR',
+#   DEFAULT_EDITOR='"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe" --nofork'
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
 -include GIT-VERSION-FILE
 
 uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
 uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
 uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
 
-SCRIPT_SH = git-gui.sh
-GITGUI_MAIN := git-gui
-GITGUI_BUILT_INS = git-citool
-ALL_LIBFILES = $(wildcard lib/*.tcl)
-PRELOAD_FILES = lib/class.tcl
-NONTCL_LIBFILES = \
-	lib/git-gui.ico \
-	$(wildcard lib/win32_*.js) \
-#end NONTCL_LIBFILES
+ifdef MSVC
+	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
+	uname_S := Windows
+	uname_O := Windows
+endif
 
+# CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are for the users to override from the command line.
+
+CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+LDFLAGS =
+ALL_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
+ALL_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS)
+STRIP ?= strip
+
+# Among the variables below, these:
+#   gitexecdir
+#   template_dir
+#   mandir
+#   infodir
+#   htmldir
+#   ETC_GITCONFIG (but not sysconfdir)
+# can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
+# this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
+# runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
+# This can help installing the suite in a relocatable way.
+
+prefix = $(HOME)
+bindir_relative = bin
+bindir = $(prefix)/$(bindir_relative)
+mandir = share/man
+infodir = share/info
+gitexecdir = libexec/git-core
+sharedir = $(prefix)/share
+template_dir = share/git-core/templates
+htmldir = share/doc/git-doc
+ifeq ($(prefix),/usr)
+sysconfdir = /etc
+ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
+else
+sysconfdir = $(prefix)/etc
+ETC_GITCONFIG = etc/gitconfig
+endif
+lib = lib
+# DESTDIR=
+pathsep = :
+
+# JavaScript minifier invocation that can function as filter
+JSMIN =
+
+export prefix bindir sharedir sysconfdir
+
+CC = gcc
+AR = ar
+RM = rm -f
+TAR = tar
+FIND = find
+INSTALL = install
+RPMBUILD = rpmbuild
+TCL_PATH = tclsh
+TCLTK_PATH = wish
+PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
+
+export TCL_PATH TCLTK_PATH
+
+# sparse is architecture-neutral, which means that we need to tell it
+# explicitly what architecture to check for. Fix this up for yours..
+SPARSE_FLAGS = -D__BIG_ENDIAN__ -D__powerpc__
+
+
+
+### --- END CONFIGURATION SECTION ---
+
+# Those must not be GNU-specific; they are shared with perl/ which may
+# be built by a different compiler. (Note that this is an artifact now
+# but it still might be nice to keep that distinction.)
+BASIC_CFLAGS =
+BASIC_LDFLAGS =
+
+# Guard against environment variables
+BUILTIN_OBJS =
+BUILT_INS =
+COMPAT_CFLAGS =
+COMPAT_OBJS =
+LIB_H =
+LIB_OBJS =
+PROGRAMS =
+SCRIPT_PERL =
+SCRIPT_PYTHON =
+SCRIPT_SH =
+TEST_PROGRAMS =
+
+SCRIPT_SH += git-am.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-bisect.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-difftool--helper.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-filter-branch.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-lost-found.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-octopus.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-one-file.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-resolve.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-mergetool.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-mergetool--lib.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-notes.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-parse-remote.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-pull.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-quiltimport.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-rebase--interactive.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-rebase.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-repack.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-request-pull.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-sh-setup.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-stash.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-submodule.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-web--browse.sh
+
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-add--interactive.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-difftool.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-archimport.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-cvsimport.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-cvsserver.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-relink.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-send-email.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL += git-svn.perl
+
+SCRIPTS = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
+	  $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
+	  $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)) \
+	  git-instaweb
+
+# Empty...
+EXTRA_PROGRAMS =
+
+# ... and all the rest that could be moved out of bindir to gitexecdir
+PROGRAMS += $(EXTRA_PROGRAMS)
+PROGRAMS += git-fast-import$X
+PROGRAMS += git-imap-send$X
+PROGRAMS += git-shell$X
+PROGRAMS += git-show-index$X
+PROGRAMS += git-upload-pack$X
+PROGRAMS += git-http-backend$X
+
+# List built-in command $C whose implementation cmd_$C() is not in
+# builtin-$C.o but is linked in as part of some other command.
+BUILT_INS += $(patsubst builtin-%.o,git-%$X,$(BUILTIN_OBJS))
+
+BUILT_INS += git-cherry$X
+BUILT_INS += git-cherry-pick$X
+BUILT_INS += git-format-patch$X
+BUILT_INS += git-fsck-objects$X
+BUILT_INS += git-get-tar-commit-id$X
+BUILT_INS += git-init$X
+BUILT_INS += git-merge-subtree$X
+BUILT_INS += git-peek-remote$X
+BUILT_INS += git-repo-config$X
+BUILT_INS += git-show$X
+BUILT_INS += git-stage$X
+BUILT_INS += git-status$X
+BUILT_INS += git-whatchanged$X
+
+# what 'all' will build and 'install' will install in gitexecdir,
+# excluding programs for built-in commands
+ALL_PROGRAMS = $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
+
+# what 'all' will build but not install in gitexecdir
+OTHER_PROGRAMS = git$X
+
+# what test wrappers are needed and 'install' will install, in bindir
+BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += git
+BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += git-upload-pack
+BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += git-receive-pack
+BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += git-upload-archive
+BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += git-shell
+
+BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X += git-cvsserver
+
+# Set paths to tools early so that they can be used for version tests.
 ifndef SHELL_PATH
 	SHELL_PATH = /bin/sh
 endif
-
-ifndef gitexecdir
-	gitexecdir := $(shell git --exec-path)
+ifndef PERL_PATH
+	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
+endif
+ifndef PYTHON_PATH
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/bin/python
 endif
 
-ifndef sharedir
-ifeq (git-core,$(notdir $(gitexecdir)))
-	sharedir := $(dir $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(gitexecdir))))share
-else
-	sharedir := $(dir $(gitexecdir))share
+export PERL_PATH
+export PYTHON_PATH
+
+LIB_FILE=libgit.a
+XDIFF_LIB=xdiff/lib.a
+
+LIB_H += advice.h
+LIB_H += archive.h
+LIB_H += attr.h
+LIB_H += blob.h
+LIB_H += builtin.h
+LIB_H += cache.h
+LIB_H += cache-tree.h
+LIB_H += commit.h
+LIB_H += compat/bswap.h
+LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
+LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
+LIB_H += compat/win32/pthread.h
+LIB_H += csum-file.h
+LIB_H += decorate.h
+LIB_H += delta.h
+LIB_H += diffcore.h
+LIB_H += diff.h
+LIB_H += dir.h
+LIB_H += fsck.h
+LIB_H += git-compat-util.h
+LIB_H += graph.h
+LIB_H += grep.h
+LIB_H += hash.h
+LIB_H += help.h
+LIB_H += levenshtein.h
+LIB_H += list-objects.h
+LIB_H += ll-merge.h
+LIB_H += log-tree.h
+LIB_H += mailmap.h
+LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
+LIB_H += notes.h
+LIB_H += object.h
+LIB_H += pack.h
+LIB_H += pack-refs.h
+LIB_H += pack-revindex.h
+LIB_H += parse-options.h
+LIB_H += patch-ids.h
+LIB_H += pkt-line.h
+LIB_H += progress.h
+LIB_H += quote.h
+LIB_H += reflog-walk.h
+LIB_H += refs.h
+LIB_H += remote.h
+LIB_H += rerere.h
+LIB_H += resolve-undo.h
+LIB_H += revision.h
+LIB_H += run-command.h
+LIB_H += sha1-lookup.h
+LIB_H += sideband.h
+LIB_H += sigchain.h
+LIB_H += strbuf.h
+LIB_H += string-list.h
+LIB_H += submodule.h
+LIB_H += tag.h
+LIB_H += transport.h
+LIB_H += tree.h
+LIB_H += tree-walk.h
+LIB_H += unpack-trees.h
+LIB_H += userdiff.h
+LIB_H += utf8.h
+LIB_H += wt-status.h
+
+LIB_OBJS += abspath.o
+LIB_OBJS += advice.o
+LIB_OBJS += alias.o
+LIB_OBJS += alloc.o
+LIB_OBJS += archive.o
+LIB_OBJS += archive-tar.o
+LIB_OBJS += archive-zip.o
+LIB_OBJS += attr.o
+LIB_OBJS += base85.o
+LIB_OBJS += bisect.o
+LIB_OBJS += blob.o
+LIB_OBJS += branch.o
+LIB_OBJS += bundle.o
+LIB_OBJS += cache-tree.o
+LIB_OBJS += color.o
+LIB_OBJS += combine-diff.o
+LIB_OBJS += commit.o
+LIB_OBJS += config.o
+LIB_OBJS += connect.o
+LIB_OBJS += convert.o
+LIB_OBJS += copy.o
+LIB_OBJS += csum-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += ctype.o
+LIB_OBJS += date.o
+LIB_OBJS += decorate.o
+LIB_OBJS += diffcore-break.o
+LIB_OBJS += diffcore-delta.o
+LIB_OBJS += diffcore-order.o
+LIB_OBJS += diffcore-pickaxe.o
+LIB_OBJS += diffcore-rename.o
+LIB_OBJS += diff-delta.o
+LIB_OBJS += diff-lib.o
+LIB_OBJS += diff-no-index.o
+LIB_OBJS += diff.o
+LIB_OBJS += dir.o
+LIB_OBJS += editor.o
+LIB_OBJS += entry.o
+LIB_OBJS += environment.o
+LIB_OBJS += exec_cmd.o
+LIB_OBJS += fsck.o
+LIB_OBJS += graph.o
+LIB_OBJS += grep.o
+LIB_OBJS += hash.o
+LIB_OBJS += help.o
+LIB_OBJS += hex.o
+LIB_OBJS += ident.o
+LIB_OBJS += levenshtein.o
+LIB_OBJS += list-objects.o
+LIB_OBJS += ll-merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += lockfile.o
+LIB_OBJS += log-tree.o
+LIB_OBJS += mailmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += match-trees.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-recursive.o
+LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
+LIB_OBJS += notes.o
+LIB_OBJS += object.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-check.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-refs.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-revindex.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-write.o
+LIB_OBJS += pager.o
+LIB_OBJS += parse-options.o
+LIB_OBJS += patch-delta.o
+LIB_OBJS += patch-ids.o
+LIB_OBJS += path.o
+LIB_OBJS += pkt-line.o
+LIB_OBJS += preload-index.o
+LIB_OBJS += pretty.o
+LIB_OBJS += progress.o
+LIB_OBJS += quote.o
+LIB_OBJS += reachable.o
+LIB_OBJS += read-cache.o
+LIB_OBJS += reflog-walk.o
+LIB_OBJS += refs.o
+LIB_OBJS += remote.o
+LIB_OBJS += replace_object.o
+LIB_OBJS += rerere.o
+LIB_OBJS += resolve-undo.o
+LIB_OBJS += revision.o
+LIB_OBJS += run-command.o
+LIB_OBJS += server-info.o
+LIB_OBJS += setup.o
+LIB_OBJS += sha1-lookup.o
+LIB_OBJS += sha1_file.o
+LIB_OBJS += sha1_name.o
+LIB_OBJS += shallow.o
+LIB_OBJS += sideband.o
+LIB_OBJS += sigchain.o
+LIB_OBJS += strbuf.o
+LIB_OBJS += string-list.o
+LIB_OBJS += submodule.o
+LIB_OBJS += symlinks.o
+LIB_OBJS += tag.o
+LIB_OBJS += trace.o
+LIB_OBJS += transport.o
+LIB_OBJS += transport-helper.o
+LIB_OBJS += tree-diff.o
+LIB_OBJS += tree.o
+LIB_OBJS += tree-walk.o
+LIB_OBJS += unpack-trees.o
+LIB_OBJS += usage.o
+LIB_OBJS += userdiff.o
+LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
+LIB_OBJS += walker.o
+LIB_OBJS += wrapper.o
+LIB_OBJS += write_or_die.o
+LIB_OBJS += ws.o
+LIB_OBJS += wt-status.o
+LIB_OBJS += xdiff-interface.o
+
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-add.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-annotate.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-apply.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-archive.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-bisect--helper.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-blame.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-branch.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-bundle.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-cat-file.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-check-attr.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-check-ref-format.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-checkout-index.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-checkout.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-clean.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-clone.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-commit-tree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-commit.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-config.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-count-objects.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-describe.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-diff-files.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-diff-index.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-diff-tree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-diff.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-fast-export.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-fetch-pack.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-fetch.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-fmt-merge-msg.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-for-each-ref.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-fsck.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-gc.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-grep.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-hash-object.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-help.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-index-pack.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-init-db.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-log.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-ls-files.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-ls-remote.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-ls-tree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-mailinfo.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-mailsplit.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge-base.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge-file.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge-index.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge-ours.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge-recursive.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-merge-tree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-mktag.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-mktree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-mv.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-name-rev.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-pack-objects.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-pack-redundant.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-pack-refs.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-patch-id.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-prune-packed.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-prune.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-push.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-read-tree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-receive-pack.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-reflog.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-remote.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-replace.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-rerere.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-reset.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-rev-list.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-rev-parse.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-revert.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-rm.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-send-pack.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-shortlog.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-show-branch.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-show-ref.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-stripspace.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-symbolic-ref.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-tag.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-tar-tree.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-unpack-file.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-unpack-objects.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-update-index.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-update-ref.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-update-server-info.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-upload-archive.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-var.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-verify-pack.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-verify-tag.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin-write-tree.o
+
+GITLIBS = $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
+EXTLIBS =
+
+#
+# Platform specific tweaks
+#
+
+# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
+# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
+# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
+
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
 endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
 endif
-
-ifndef INSTALL
-	INSTALL = install
+ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
+	CC = cc
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
 endif
-
-RM_RF     ?= rm -rf
-RMDIR     ?= rmdir
-
-INSTALL_D0 = $(INSTALL) -d -m 755 # space is required here
-INSTALL_D1 =
-INSTALL_R0 = $(INSTALL) -m 644 # space is required here
-INSTALL_R1 =
-INSTALL_X0 = $(INSTALL) -m 755 # space is required here
-INSTALL_X1 =
-INSTALL_A0 = find # space is required here
-INSTALL_A1 = | cpio -pud
-INSTALL_L0 = rm -f # space is required here
-INSTALL_L1 = && ln # space is required here
-INSTALL_L2 =
-INSTALL_L3 =
-
-REMOVE_D0  = $(RMDIR) # space is required here
-REMOVE_D1  = || true
-REMOVE_F0  = $(RM_RF) # space is required here
-REMOVE_F1  =
-CLEAN_DST  = true
-
-ifndef V
-	QUIET          = @
-	QUIET_GEN      = $(QUIET)echo '   ' GEN '$@' &&
-	QUIET_INDEX    = $(QUIET)echo '   ' INDEX $(dir $@) &&
-	QUIET_MSGFMT0  = $(QUIET)printf '    MSGFMT %12s ' $@ && v=`
-	QUIET_MSGFMT1  = 2>&1` && echo "$$v" | sed -e 's/fuzzy translations/fuzzy/' | sed -e 's/ messages*//g'
-	QUIET_2DEVNULL = 2>/dev/null
-
-	INSTALL_D0 = dir=
-	INSTALL_D1 = && echo ' ' DEST $$dir && $(INSTALL) -d -m 755 "$$dir"
-	INSTALL_R0 = src=
-	INSTALL_R1 = && echo '   ' INSTALL 644 `basename $$src` && $(INSTALL) -m 644 $$src
-	INSTALL_X0 = src=
-	INSTALL_X1 = && echo '   ' INSTALL 755 `basename $$src` && $(INSTALL) -m 755 $$src
-	INSTALL_A0 = src=
-	INSTALL_A1 = && echo '   ' INSTALL '   ' `basename "$$src"` && find "$$src" | cpio -pud
-
-	INSTALL_L0 = dst=
-	INSTALL_L1 = && src=
-	INSTALL_L2 = && dst=
-	INSTALL_L3 = && echo '   ' 'LINK       ' `basename "$$dst"` '->' `basename "$$src"` && rm -f "$$dst" && ln "$$src" "$$dst"
-
-	CLEAN_DST = echo ' ' UNINSTALL
-	REMOVE_D0 = dir=
-	REMOVE_D1 = && echo ' ' REMOVE $$dir && test -d "$$dir" && $(RMDIR) "$$dir" || true
-	REMOVE_F0 = dst=
-	REMOVE_F1 = && echo '   ' REMOVE `basename "$$dst"` && $(RM_RF) "$$dst"
-endif
-
-TCLTK_PATH ?= wish
-ifeq (./,$(dir $(TCLTK_PATH)))
-	TCL_PATH ?= $(subst wish,tclsh,$(TCLTK_PATH))
-else
-	TCL_PATH ?= $(dir $(TCLTK_PATH))$(notdir $(subst wish,tclsh,$(TCLTK_PATH)))
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	TKFRAMEWORK = /Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Resources/Wish.app
-	ifeq ($(shell echo "$(uname_R)" | awk -F. '{if ($$1 >= 9) print "y"}')_$(shell test -d $(TKFRAMEWORK) || echo n),y_n)
-		TKFRAMEWORK = /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Resources/Wish.app
-		ifeq ($(shell test -d $(TKFRAMEWORK) || echo n),n)
-			TKFRAMEWORK = /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Resources/Wish\ Shell.app
-		endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
+		CFLAGS = -O2
 	endif
-	TKEXECUTABLE = $(shell basename "$(TKFRAMEWORK)" .app)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
+		CC = cc
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	endif
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
 endif
-
-ifeq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
-QUIET_GEN =
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
 endif
-
--include config.mak
-
-DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
-gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
-SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
-TCL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCL_PATH))
-TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
-TCLTK_PATH_SED = $(subst ','\'',$(subst \,\\,$(TCLTK_PATH)))
-
-gg_libdir ?= $(sharedir)/git-gui/lib
-libdir_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(gg_libdir))
-libdir_SED = $(subst ','\'',$(subst \,\\,$(gg_libdir_sed_in)))
-exedir     = $(dir $(gitexecdir))share/git-gui/lib
-
-GITGUI_SCRIPT   := $$0
-GITGUI_RELATIVE :=
-GITGUI_MACOSXAPP :=
-
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
+		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_C99_FORMAT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_C99_FORMAT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_C99_FORMAT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
+	TAR = gtar
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
+endif
 ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
-	GITGUI_SCRIPT := `cygpath --windows --absolute "$(GITGUI_SCRIPT)"`
-
-	# Is this a Cygwin Tcl/Tk binary?  If so it knows how to do
-	# POSIX path translation just like cygpath does and we must
-	# keep libdir in POSIX format so Cygwin packages of git-gui
-	# work no matter where the user installs them.
-	#
-	ifeq ($(shell echo 'puts [file normalize /]' | '$(TCL_PATH_SQ)'),$(shell cygpath --mixed --absolute /))
-		gg_libdir_sed_in := $(gg_libdir)
-	else
-		gg_libdir_sed_in := $(shell cygpath --windows --absolute "$(gg_libdir)")
-	endif
-else
-	ifeq ($(exedir),$(gg_libdir))
-		GITGUI_RELATIVE := 1
-	endif
-	gg_libdir_sed_in := $(gg_libdir)
+	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	# There are conflicting reports about this.
+	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
+	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
 endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	ifeq ($(shell test -d $(TKFRAMEWORK) && echo y),y)
-		GITGUI_MACOSXAPP := YesPlease
+ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
+		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
 	endif
 endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
+		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
+	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV=YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
+		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
+	# GNU/Hurd
+	NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
+	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH=/usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
+	NO_IPV6=YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
+	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_C99_FORMAT = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_ONLY_PROGRAMS = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+
+	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+	CFLAGS =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o compat/winansi.o compat/win32/pthread.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/fnmatch -Icompat/regex -Icompat/fnmatch -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
+	EXTLIBS = advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	lib =
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	AR += -LTCG
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
+endif
+	X = .exe
+endif
 ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
-	NO_MSGFMT=1
-	GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER := YesPlease
-	GITGUI_RELATIVE := 1
-endif
-
-ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
-GITGUI_MAIN := git-gui.tcl
-
-git-gui: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
-	$(QUIET_GEN)rm -f $@ $@+ && \
-	echo '#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' >$@+ && \
-	echo 'if test "z$$*" = zversion ||' >>$@+ && \
-	echo '   test "z$$*" = z--version' >>$@+ && \
-	echo then >>$@+ && \
-	echo '	'echo \'git-gui version '$(GITGUI_VERSION)'\' >>$@+ && \
-	echo else >>$@+ && \
-	echo '	'exec \''$(libdir_SQ)/Git Gui.app/Contents/MacOS/$(subst \,,$(TKEXECUTABLE))'\' \
-		'"$$0" "$$@"' >>$@+ && \
-	echo fi >>$@+ && \
-	chmod +x $@+ && \
-	mv $@+ $@
-
-Git\ Gui.app: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS \
-		macosx/Info.plist \
-		macosx/git-gui.icns \
-		macosx/AppMain.tcl \
-		$(TKFRAMEWORK)/Contents/MacOS/$(TKEXECUTABLE)
-	$(QUIET_GEN)rm -rf '$@' '$@'+ && \
-	mkdir -p '$@'+/Contents/MacOS && \
-	mkdir -p '$@'+/Contents/Resources/Scripts && \
-	cp '$(subst ','\'',$(subst \,,$(TKFRAMEWORK)/Contents/MacOS/$(TKEXECUTABLE)))' \
-		'$@'+/Contents/MacOS && \
-	cp macosx/git-gui.icns '$@'+/Contents/Resources && \
-	sed -e 's/@@GITGUI_VERSION@@/$(GITGUI_VERSION)/g' \
-		-e 's/@@GITGUI_TKEXECUTABLE@@/$(TKEXECUTABLE)/g' \
-		macosx/Info.plist \
-		>'$@'+/Contents/Info.plist && \
-	sed -e 's|@@gitexecdir@@|$(gitexecdir_SQ)|' \
-		-e 's|@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@|$(libdir_SED)|' \
-		macosx/AppMain.tcl \
-		>'$@'+/Contents/Resources/Scripts/AppMain.tcl && \
-	mv '$@'+ '$@'
-endif
-
-ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
-GITGUI_MAIN := git-gui.tcl
-
-git-gui: windows/git-gui.sh
-	cp $< $@
-endif
-
-$(GITGUI_MAIN): git-gui.sh GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
-	$(QUIET_GEN)rm -f $@ $@+ && \
-	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
-		-e '1,30s|^ argv0=$$0| argv0=$(GITGUI_SCRIPT)|' \
-		-e '1,30s|^ exec wish | exec '\''$(TCLTK_PATH_SED)'\'' |' \
-		-e 's/@@GITGUI_VERSION@@/$(GITGUI_VERSION)/g' \
-		-e 's|@@GITGUI_RELATIVE@@|$(GITGUI_RELATIVE)|' \
-		-e '$(GITGUI_RELATIVE)s|@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@|$(libdir_SED)|' \
-		git-gui.sh >$@+ && \
-	chmod +x $@+ && \
-	mv $@+ $@
-
-XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
-ifdef NO_MSGFMT
-	MSGFMT ?= $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+	pathsep = ;
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_C99_FORMAT = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_ONLY_PROGRAMS = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/fnmatch -Icompat/win32
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o
+	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	X = .exe
+ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
+	htmldir=doc/git/html/
+	prefix =
+	INSTALL = /bin/install
+	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
 else
-	MSGFMT ?= msgfmt
-	ifneq ($(shell $(MSGFMT) --tcl -l C -d . /dev/null 2>/dev/null; echo $$?),0)
-		MSGFMT := $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+endif
+endif
+
+-include config.mak.autogen
+-include config.mak
+
+ifdef SANE_TOOL_PATH
+SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SANE_TOOL_PATH))
+BROKEN_PATH_FIX = 's|^\# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@$$|git_broken_path_fix $(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ)|'
+PATH := $(SANE_TOOL_PATH):${PATH}
+else
+BROKEN_PATH_FIX = '/^\# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@$$/d'
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	ifndef NO_FINK
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d /sw/lib && echo y),y)
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/sw/include
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/sw/lib
+		endif
+	endif
+	ifndef NO_DARWIN_PORTS
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d /opt/local/lib && echo y),y)
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/opt/local/include
+			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
+		endif
+	endif
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+endif
+
+ifndef CC_LD_DYNPATH
+	ifdef NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER
+		# Some gcc does not accept and pass -R to the linker to specify
+		# the runtime dynamic library path.
+		CC_LD_DYNPATH = -Wl,-rpath,
+	else
+		CC_LD_DYNPATH = -R
 	endif
 endif
 
-msgsdir     = $(gg_libdir)/msgs
-msgsdir_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(msgsdir))
-PO_TEMPLATE = po/git-gui.pot
-ALL_POFILES = $(wildcard po/*.po)
-ALL_MSGFILES = $(subst .po,.msg,$(ALL_POFILES))
+ifdef NO_LIBGEN_H
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_LIBGEN_H
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/basename.o
+endif
 
-$(PO_TEMPLATE): $(SCRIPT_SH) $(ALL_LIBFILES)
-	$(XGETTEXT) -kmc -LTcl -o $@ $(SCRIPT_SH) $(ALL_LIBFILES)
-update-po:: $(PO_TEMPLATE)
-	$(foreach p, $(ALL_POFILES), echo Updating $p ; msgmerge -U $p $(PO_TEMPLATE) ; )
-$(ALL_MSGFILES): %.msg : %.po
-	$(QUIET_MSGFMT0)$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@) $< $(QUIET_MSGFMT1)
+ifdef NO_CURL
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_CURL
+	REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY =
+	REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES =
+	REMOTE_CURL_NAMES =
+else
+	ifdef CURLDIR
+		# Try "-Wl,-rpath=$(CURLDIR)/$(lib)" in such a case.
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(CURLDIR)/include
+		CURL_LIBCURL = -L$(CURLDIR)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(CURLDIR)/$(lib) -lcurl
+	else
+		CURL_LIBCURL = -lcurl
+	endif
+	REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY = git-remote-http$X
+	REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES = git-remote-https$X git-remote-ftp$X git-remote-ftps$X
+	REMOTE_CURL_NAMES = $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY) $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES)
+	PROGRAMS += $(REMOTE_CURL_NAMES) git-http-fetch$X
+	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; curl-config --vernum) | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
+	ifeq "$(curl_check)" "070908"
+		ifndef NO_EXPAT
+			PROGRAMS += git-http-push$X
+		endif
+	endif
+	ifndef NO_EXPAT
+		ifdef EXPATDIR
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(EXPATDIR)/include
+			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -L$(EXPATDIR)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(EXPATDIR)/$(lib) -lexpat
+		else
+			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -lexpat
+		endif
+	endif
+endif
 
-lib/tclIndex: $(ALL_LIBFILES) GIT-GUI-VARS
-	$(QUIET_INDEX)if echo \
-	  $(foreach p,$(PRELOAD_FILES),source $p\;) \
-	  auto_mkindex lib '*.tcl' \
-	| $(TCL_PATH) $(QUIET_2DEVNULL); then : ok; \
-	else \
-	 echo 1>&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
-	 rm -f $@ ; \
-	 echo '# Autogenerated by git-gui Makefile' >$@ && \
-	 echo >>$@ && \
-	 $(foreach p,$(PRELOAD_FILES) $(ALL_LIBFILES),echo '$(subst lib/,,$p)' >>$@ &&) \
-	 echo >>$@ ; \
-	fi
+ifdef ZLIB_PATH
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(ZLIB_PATH)/include
+	EXTLIBS += -L$(ZLIB_PATH)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(ZLIB_PATH)/$(lib)
+endif
+EXTLIBS += -lz
 
-TRACK_VARS = \
-	$(subst ','\'',SHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)') \
-	$(subst ','\'',TCL_PATH='$(TCL_PATH_SQ)') \
-	$(subst ','\'',TCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)') \
-	$(subst ','\'',gitexecdir='$(gitexecdir_SQ)') \
-	$(subst ','\'',gg_libdir='$(libdir_SQ)') \
-	GITGUI_MACOSXAPP=$(GITGUI_MACOSXAPP) \
-#end TRACK_VARS
+ifndef NO_POSIX_ONLY_PROGRAMS
+	PROGRAMS += git-daemon$X
+endif
+ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	OPENSSL_LIBSSL = -lssl
+	ifdef OPENSSLDIR
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(OPENSSLDIR)/include
+		OPENSSL_LINK = -L$(OPENSSLDIR)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(OPENSSLDIR)/$(lib)
+	else
+		OPENSSL_LINK =
+	endif
+	ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
+		OPENSSL_LINK += -lcrypto
+	endif
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_OPENSSL
+	BLK_SHA1 = 1
+	OPENSSL_LIBSSL =
+endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO
+	LIB_4_CRYPTO = $(OPENSSL_LINK) -lcrypto -lssl
+else
+	LIB_4_CRYPTO = $(OPENSSL_LINK) -lcrypto
+endif
+ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
+	ifdef ICONVDIR
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(ICONVDIR)/include
+		ICONV_LINK = -L$(ICONVDIR)/$(lib) $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)$(ICONVDIR)/$(lib)
+	else
+		ICONV_LINK =
+	endif
+	EXTLIBS += $(ICONV_LINK) -liconv
+endif
+ifdef NEEDS_LIBGEN
+	EXTLIBS += -lgen
+endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SOCKET
+	EXTLIBS += -lsocket
+endif
+ifdef NEEDS_NSL
+	EXTLIBS += -lnsl
+endif
+ifdef NEEDS_RESOLV
+	EXTLIBS += -lresolv
+endif
+ifdef NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT
+endif
+ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
+endif
+ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
+endif
+ifdef USE_NSEC
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_NSEC
+endif
+ifdef USE_ST_TIMESPEC
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_ST_TIMESPEC
+endif
+ifdef NO_NSEC
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_NSEC
+endif
+ifdef NO_C99_FORMAT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_C99_FORMAT
+endif
+ifdef SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/snprintf.o
+endif
+ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DFREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fopen.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYMLINK_HEAD
+endif
+ifdef NO_STRCASESTR
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRCASESTR
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strcasestr.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_STRLCPY
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRLCPY
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strlcpy.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_STRTOUMAX
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOUMAX
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtoumax.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_STRTOULL
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOULL
+endif
+ifdef NO_SETENV
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_MKDTEMP
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKDTEMP
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdtemp.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKSTEMPS
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkstemps.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_UNSETENV
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_UNSETENV
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/unsetenv.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_SELECT_H
+endif
+ifdef NO_MMAP
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MMAP
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mmap.o
+else
+	ifdef USE_WIN32_MMAP
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DUSE_WIN32_MMAP
+		COMPAT_OBJS += compat/win32mmap.o
+	endif
+endif
+ifdef OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DOBJECT_CREATION_MODE=1
+endif
+ifdef NO_PREAD
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_PREAD
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/pread.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
+endif
+ifdef NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
+endif
+ifdef NO_IPV6
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_IPV6
+endif
+ifdef NO_UINTMAX_T
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Duintmax_t=uint32_t
+endif
+ifdef NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE
+ifdef NO_IPV6
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Dsockaddr_storage=sockaddr_in
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Dsockaddr_storage=sockaddr_in6
+endif
+endif
+ifdef NO_INET_NTOP
+	LIB_OBJS += compat/inet_ntop.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_INET_PTON
+	LIB_OBJS += compat/inet_pton.o
+endif
+
+ifdef NO_ICONV
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ICONV
+endif
+
+ifdef OLD_ICONV
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DOLD_ICONV
+endif
+
+ifdef NO_DEFLATE_BOUND
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_DEFLATE_BOUND
+endif
+
+ifdef BLK_SHA1
+	SHA1_HEADER = "block-sha1/sha1.h"
+	LIB_OBJS += block-sha1/sha1.o
+else
+ifdef PPC_SHA1
+	SHA1_HEADER = "ppc/sha1.h"
+	LIB_OBJS += ppc/sha1.o ppc/sha1ppc.o
+else
+	SHA1_HEADER = <openssl/sha.h>
+	EXTLIBS += $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
+endif
+endif
+ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
+	export NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
+endif
+ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_HSTRERROR
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/hstrerror.o
+endif
+ifdef NO_MEMMEM
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MEMMEM
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/memmem.o
+endif
+ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DINTERNAL_QSORT
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/qsort.o
+endif
+ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DRUNTIME_PREFIX
+endif
+
+ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_PTHREADS
+else
+	EXTLIBS += $(PTHREAD_LIBS)
+	LIB_OBJS += thread-utils.o
+endif
+
+ifdef DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DDIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
+endif
+ifdef UNRELIABLE_FSTAT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUNRELIABLE_FSTAT
+endif
+ifdef NO_REGEX
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/regex
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/regex/regex.o
+endif
+
+ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
+       COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DUSE_NED_ALLOCATOR -DOVERRIDE_STRDUP -DNDEBUG -DREPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR -Icompat/nedmalloc
+       COMPAT_OBJS += compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.o
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
+NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(PERL_PATH),)
+NO_PERL=NoThanks
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(PYTHON_PATH),)
+NO_PYTHON=NoThanks
+endif
+
+QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
+QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),w),w)
+PRINT_DIR = --no-print-directory
+else # "make -w"
+NO_SUBDIR = :
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
+ifndef V
+	QUIET_CC       = @echo '   ' CC $@;
+	QUIET_AR       = @echo '   ' AR $@;
+	QUIET_LINK     = @echo '   ' LINK $@;
+	QUIET_BUILT_IN = @echo '   ' BUILTIN $@;
+	QUIET_GEN      = @echo '   ' GEN $@;
+	QUIET_LNCP     = @echo '   ' LN/CP $@;
+	QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +@subdir=
+	QUIET_SUBDIR1  = ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
+			 $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
+	export V
+	export QUIET_GEN
+	export QUIET_BUILT_IN
+endif
+endif
+
+ifdef ASCIIDOC8
+	export ASCIIDOC8
+endif
+
+# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
+
+SHA1_HEADER_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHA1_HEADER))
+ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(ETC_GITCONFIG))
+
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
+bindir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir_relative))
+mandir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir))
+infodir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir))
+gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
+template_dir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_dir))
+htmldir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir))
+prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
+
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+PYTHON_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PYTHON_PATH))
+TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
+
+LIBS = $(GITLIBS) $(EXTLIBS)
+
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DSHA1_HEADER='$(SHA1_HEADER_SQ)' \
+	$(COMPAT_CFLAGS)
+LIB_OBJS += $(COMPAT_OBJS)
+
+# Quote for C
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_EDITOR
+DEFAULT_EDITOR_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(DEFAULT_EDITOR)))"
+DEFAULT_EDITOR_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_CQ))
+
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_EDITOR='$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_CQ_SQ)'
+endif
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_PAGER
+DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(DEFAULT_PAGER)))"
+DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ))
+
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_PAGER='$(DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ_SQ)'
+endif
+
+ALL_CFLAGS += $(BASIC_CFLAGS)
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(BASIC_LDFLAGS)
+
+export TAR INSTALL DESTDIR SHELL_PATH
+
+
+### Build rules
+
+SHELL = $(SHELL_PATH)
+
+all:: shell_compatibility_test $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) $(OTHER_PROGRAMS) GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+ifneq (,$X)
+	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(foreach p,$(patsubst %$X,%,$(filter %$X,$(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) git$X)), test -d '$p' -o '$p' -ef '$p$X' || $(RM) '$p';)
+endif
+
+all::
+ifndef NO_TCLTK
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)git-gui $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) gitexecdir='$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' all
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitk-git $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) all
+endif
+ifndef NO_PERL
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' all
+endif
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)git_remote_helpers $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' all
+endif
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)templates $(QUIET_SUBDIR1)
+
+please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
+	@$$(:)
+
+shell_compatibility_test: please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
+
+strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
+	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $(PROGRAMS) git$X
+
+git.o: common-cmds.h
+git.s git.o: ALL_CFLAGS += -DGIT_VERSION='"$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"'
+
+git$X: git.o $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
+		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
+
+builtin-help.o: common-cmds.h
+builtin-help.s builtin-help.o: ALL_CFLAGS += \
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+
+$(BUILT_INS): git$X
+	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	ln git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	ln -s git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	cp git$X $@
+
+common-cmds.h: ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
+
+common-cmds.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git-*.txt)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)./generate-cmdlist.sh > $@+ && mv $@+ $@
+
+$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
+	    -e $(BROKEN_PATH_FIX) \
+	    $@.sh >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+ifndef NO_PERL
+$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): perl/perl.mak
+
+perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' $(@F)
+
+$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C perl -s --no-print-directory instlibdir` && \
+	sed -e '1{' \
+	    -e '	s|#!.*perl|#!$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e '	h' \
+	    -e '	s=.*=use lib (split(/$(pathsep)/, $$ENV{GITPERLLIB} || "@@INSTLIBDIR@@"));=' \
+	    -e '	H' \
+	    -e '	x' \
+	    -e '}' \
+	    -e 's|@@INSTLIBDIR@@|'"$$INSTLIBDIR"'|g' \
+	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+	    $@.perl >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+
+.PHONY: gitweb
+gitweb:
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitweb $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) all
+
+ifdef JSMIN
+OTHER_PROGRAMS += gitweb/gitweb.cgi   gitweb/gitweb.min.js
+gitweb/gitweb.cgi: gitweb/gitweb.perl gitweb/gitweb.min.js
+else
+OTHER_PROGRAMS += gitweb/gitweb.cgi
+gitweb/gitweb.cgi: gitweb/gitweb.perl
+endif
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitweb $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) $(patsubst gitweb/%,%,$@)
+
+ifdef JSMIN
+gitweb/gitweb.min.js: gitweb/gitweb.js
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitweb $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) $(patsubst gitweb/%,%,$@)
+endif # JSMIN
+
+
+git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh gitweb/gitweb.cgi gitweb/gitweb.css gitweb/gitweb.js
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
+	    -e '/@@GITWEB_CGI@@/r gitweb/gitweb.cgi' \
+	    -e '/@@GITWEB_CGI@@/d' \
+	    -e '/@@GITWEB_CSS@@/r gitweb/gitweb.css' \
+	    -e '/@@GITWEB_CSS@@/d' \
+	    -e '/@@GITWEB_JS@@/r gitweb/gitweb.js' \
+	    -e '/@@GITWEB_JS@@/d' \
+	    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
+	    $@.sh > $@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+else # NO_PERL
+$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PERL=$(NO_PERL)|g' \
+	    unimplemented.sh >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+endif # NO_PERL
+
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS
+$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : %.py
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers -s \
+		--no-print-directory prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' \
+		instlibdir` && \
+	sed -e '1{' \
+	    -e '	s|#!.*python|#!$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e '}' \
+	    -e 's|^import sys.*|&; \\\
+	           import os; \\\
+	           sys.path[0] = os.environ.has_key("GITPYTHONLIB") and \\\
+	                         os.environ["GITPYTHONLIB"] or \\\
+	                         "@@INSTLIBDIR@@"|' \
+	    -e 's|@@INSTLIBDIR@@|'"$$INSTLIBDIR"'|g' \
+	    $@.py >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+else # NO_PYTHON
+$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PYTHON=$(NO_PYTHON)|g' \
+	    unimplemented.sh >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+endif # NO_PYTHON
+
+configure: configure.ac
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $<+ && \
+	sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+	    $< > $<+ && \
+	autoconf -o $@ $<+ && \
+	$(RM) $<+
+
+# These can record GIT_VERSION
+git.o git.spec \
+	$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
+	$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
+	: GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+%.o: %.c GIT-CFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $*.o -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
+%.s: %.c GIT-CFLAGS FORCE
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
+%.o: %.S GIT-CFLAGS
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $*.o -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
+
+exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: ALL_CFLAGS += \
+	'-DGIT_EXEC_PATH="$(gitexecdir_SQ)"' \
+	'-DBINDIR="$(bindir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DPREFIX="$(prefix_SQ)"'
+
+builtin-init-db.s builtin-init-db.o: ALL_CFLAGS += \
+	-DDEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='"$(template_dir_SQ)"'
+
+config.s config.o: ALL_CFLAGS += -DETC_GITCONFIG='"$(ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ)"'
+
+http.s http.o: ALL_CFLAGS += -DGIT_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
+
+ifdef NO_EXPAT
+http-walker.o: http.h
+http-walker.s http-walker.o: ALL_CFLAGS += -DNO_EXPAT
+endif
+
+git-%$X: %.o $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS)
+
+git-imap-send$X: imap-send.o $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
+		$(LIBS) $(OPENSSL_LINK) $(OPENSSL_LIBSSL)
+
+http.o http-walker.o http-push.o: http.h
+
+http.o http-walker.o: $(LIB_H)
+
+git-http-fetch$X: revision.o http.o http-walker.o http-fetch.o $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
+		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL)
+git-http-push$X: revision.o http.o http-push.o $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
+		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
+
+$(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES): $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)
+	$(QUIET_LNCP)$(RM) $@ && \
+	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	ln -s $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	cp $< $@
+
+$(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY): remote-curl.o http.o http-walker.o $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
+		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
+
+$(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS): $(LIB_H)
+$(patsubst git-%$X,%.o,$(PROGRAMS)) git.o: $(LIB_H) $(wildcard */*.h)
+builtin-revert.o wt-status.o: wt-status.h
+
+$(LIB_FILE): $(LIB_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(LIB_OBJS)
+
+XDIFF_OBJS=xdiff/xdiffi.o xdiff/xprepare.o xdiff/xutils.o xdiff/xemit.o \
+	xdiff/xmerge.o xdiff/xpatience.o
+$(XDIFF_OBJS): xdiff/xinclude.h xdiff/xmacros.h xdiff/xdiff.h xdiff/xtypes.h \
+	xdiff/xutils.h xdiff/xprepare.h xdiff/xdiffi.h xdiff/xemit.h
+
+$(XDIFF_LIB): $(XDIFF_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(XDIFF_OBJS)
+
+
+doc:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation all
+
+man:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation man
+
+html:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation html
+
+info:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation info
+
+pdf:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation pdf
+
+TAGS:
+	$(RM) TAGS
+	$(FIND) . -name '*.[hcS]' -print | xargs etags -a
+
+tags:
+	$(RM) tags
+	$(FIND) . -name '*.[hcS]' -print | xargs ctags -a
+
+cscope:
+	$(RM) cscope*
+	$(FIND) . -name '*.[hcS]' -print | xargs cscope -b
+
+### Detect prefix changes
+TRACK_CFLAGS = $(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):\
+             $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ)
+
+GIT-CFLAGS: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_CFLAGS)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-CFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo 1>&2 "    * new build flags or prefix"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-CFLAGS; \
+            fi
+
+# We need to apply sq twice, once to protect from the shell
+# that runs GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS, and then again to protect it
+# and the first level quoting from the shell that runs "echo".
+GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS: FORCE
+	@echo SHELL_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH_SQ))'\' >$@
+	@echo PERL_PATH=\''$(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH_SQ))'\' >>$@
+	@echo TAR=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TAR)))'\' >>$@
+	@echo NO_CURL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_CURL)))'\' >>$@
+	@echo NO_PERL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PERL)))'\' >>$@
+	@echo NO_PYTHON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PYTHON)))'\' >>$@
+
+### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
+ifndef NO_TCLTK
+TRACK_VARS = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
 
 GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
 	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
-	if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
-		echo 1>$@ "$$VARS"; \
+	    if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+		echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
+            fi
+endif
+
+### Testing rules
+
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-chmtime
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-ctype
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-date
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-delta
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-dump-cache-tree
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-genrandom
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-match-trees
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-parse-options
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-path-utils
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-run-command
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sigchain
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-index-version
+
+TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
+
+test_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,bin-wrappers/%,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X) $(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
+
+all:: $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(test_bindir_programs)
+
+bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
+	@mkdir -p bin-wrappers
+	$(QUIET_GEN)sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	     -e 's|@@BUILD_DIR@@|$(shell pwd)|' \
+	     -e 's|@@PROG@@|$(@F)|' < $< > $@ && \
+	chmod +x $@
+
+# GNU make supports exporting all variables by "export" without parameters.
+# However, the environment gets quite big, and some programs have problems
+# with that.
+
+export NO_SVN_TESTS
+
+test: all
+	$(MAKE) -C t/ all
+
+test-ctype$X: ctype.o
+
+test-date$X: date.o ctype.o
+
+test-delta$X: diff-delta.o patch-delta.o
+
+test-parse-options$X: parse-options.o
+
+test-parse-options.o: parse-options.h
+
+.PRECIOUS: $(patsubst test-%$X,test-%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+
+test-%$X: test-%.o $(GITLIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS)
+
+check-sha1:: test-sha1$X
+	./test-sha1.sh
+
+check: common-cmds.h
+	if sparse; \
+	then \
+		for i in *.c; \
+		do \
+			sparse $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(SPARSE_FLAGS) $$i || exit; \
+		done; \
+	else \
+		echo 2>&1 "Did you mean 'make test'?"; \
+		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
-all:: git-gui Git\ Gui.app
+remove-dashes:
+	./fixup-builtins $(BUILT_INS) $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
+
+### Installation rules
+
+ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(template_dir))),)
+template_instdir = $(template_dir)
+else
+template_instdir = $(prefix)/$(template_dir)
 endif
-ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
-all:: git-gui
+export template_instdir
+
+ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(gitexecdir))),)
+gitexec_instdir = $(gitexecdir)
+else
+gitexec_instdir = $(prefix)/$(gitexecdir)
 endif
-all:: $(GITGUI_MAIN) lib/tclIndex $(ALL_MSGFILES)
+gitexec_instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexec_instdir))
+export gitexec_instdir
+
+install_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,%$X,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X)) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X)
 
 install: all
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)' $(INSTALL_D1)
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_X0)git-gui $(INSTALL_X1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_X0)git-gui--askpass $(INSTALL_X1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
-	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(GITGUI_BUILT_INS), $(INSTALL_L0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)/$p' $(INSTALL_L1)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)/git-gui' $(INSTALL_L2)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)/$p' $(INSTALL_L3) &&) true
-ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_R0)git-gui.tcl $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+	$(INSTALL) $(install_bindir_programs) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
+	$(MAKE) -C templates DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
+ifndef NO_PERL
+	$(MAKE) -C perl prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 endif
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)' $(INSTALL_D1)
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_R0)lib/tclIndex $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
-ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_A0)'Git Gui.app' $(INSTALL_A1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_X0)git-gui.tcl $(INSTALL_X1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 endif
-	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_LIBFILES) $(NONTCL_LIBFILES), $(INSTALL_R0)$p $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)' &&) true
-	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' $(INSTALL_D1)
-	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_MSGFILES), $(INSTALL_R0)$p $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' &&) true
-
-uninstall:
-	$(QUIET)$(CLEAN_DST) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/git-gui $(REMOVE_F1)
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/git-gui--askpass $(REMOVE_F1)
-	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(GITGUI_BUILT_INS), $(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/$p $(REMOVE_F1) &&) true
-ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/git-gui.tcl $(REMOVE_F1)
+ifndef NO_TCLTK
+	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git install
+	$(MAKE) -C git-gui gitexecdir='$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' install
 endif
-	$(QUIET)$(CLEAN_DST) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'/tclIndex $(REMOVE_F1)
-ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)/Git Gui.app' $(REMOVE_F1)
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'/git-gui.tcl $(REMOVE_F1)
-endif
-	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_LIBFILES) $(NONTCL_LIBFILES), $(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'/$(notdir $p) $(REMOVE_F1) &&) true
-	$(QUIET)$(CLEAN_DST) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)'
-	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_MSGFILES), $(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)'/$(notdir $p) $(REMOVE_F1) &&) true
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)' $(REMOVE_D1)
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' $(REMOVE_D1)
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)' $(REMOVE_D1)
-	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)`dirname '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'` $(REMOVE_D1)
-
-dist-version:
-	@mkdir -p $(TARDIR)
-	@echo $(GITGUI_VERSION) > $(TARDIR)/version
-
-clean::
-	$(RM_RF) $(GITGUI_MAIN) lib/tclIndex po/*.msg
-	$(RM_RF) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
-ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
-	$(RM_RF) 'Git Gui.app'* git-gui
-endif
-ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
-	$(RM_RF) git-gui
+ifneq (,$X)
+	$(foreach p,$(patsubst %$X,%,$(filter %$X,$(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) git$X)), test '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)/$p' -ef '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)/$p$X' || $(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)/$p';)
 endif
 
-.PHONY: all install uninstall dist-version clean
-.PHONY: FORCE
+	bindir=$$(cd '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)' && pwd) && \
+	execdir=$$(cd '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' && pwd) && \
+	{ test "$$bindir/" = "$$execdir/" || \
+		{ $(RM) "$$execdir/git$X" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS)" && \
+		ln "$$bindir/git$X" "$$execdir/git$X" 2>/dev/null || \
+		cp "$$bindir/git$X" "$$execdir/git$X"; } ; } && \
+	{ for p in $(BUILT_INS); do \
+		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
+		ln "$$execdir/git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
+		ln -s "git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
+		cp "$$execdir/git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
+	  done; } && \
+	{ for p in $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES); do \
+		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
+		ln "$$execdir/git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
+		ln -s "git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
+		cp "$$execdir/git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
+	  done; } && \
+	./check_bindir "z$$bindir" "z$$execdir" "$$bindir/git-add$X"
+
+install-doc:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation install
+
+install-man:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation install-man
+
+install-html:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation install-html
+
+install-info:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation install-info
+
+install-pdf:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation install-pdf
+
+quick-install-doc:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation quick-install
+
+quick-install-man:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation quick-install-man
+
+quick-install-html:
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation quick-install-html
+
+
+
+### Maintainer's dist rules
+
+git.spec: git.spec.in
+	sed -e 's/@@VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' < $< > $@+
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+GIT_TARNAME=git-$(GIT_VERSION)
+dist: git.spec git-archive$(X) configure
+	./git-archive --format=tar \
+		--prefix=$(GIT_TARNAME)/ HEAD^{tree} > $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
+	@mkdir -p $(GIT_TARNAME)
+	@cp git.spec configure $(GIT_TARNAME)
+	@echo $(GIT_VERSION) > $(GIT_TARNAME)/version
+	@$(MAKE) -C git-gui TARDIR=../$(GIT_TARNAME)/git-gui dist-version
+	$(TAR) rf $(GIT_TARNAME).tar \
+		$(GIT_TARNAME)/git.spec \
+		$(GIT_TARNAME)/configure \
+		$(GIT_TARNAME)/version \
+		$(GIT_TARNAME)/git-gui/version
+	@$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME)
+	gzip -f -9 $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
+
+rpm: dist
+	$(RPMBUILD) \
+		--define "_source_filedigest_algorithm md5" \
+		--define "_binary_filedigest_algorithm md5" \
+		-ta $(GIT_TARNAME).tar.gz
+
+htmldocs = git-htmldocs-$(GIT_VERSION)
+manpages = git-manpages-$(GIT_VERSION)
+dist-doc:
+	$(RM) -r .doc-tmp-dir
+	mkdir .doc-tmp-dir
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation WEBDOC_DEST=../.doc-tmp-dir install-webdoc
+	cd .doc-tmp-dir && $(TAR) cf ../$(htmldocs).tar .
+	gzip -n -9 -f $(htmldocs).tar
+	:
+	$(RM) -r .doc-tmp-dir
+	mkdir -p .doc-tmp-dir/man1 .doc-tmp-dir/man5 .doc-tmp-dir/man7
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation DESTDIR=./ \
+		man1dir=../.doc-tmp-dir/man1 \
+		man5dir=../.doc-tmp-dir/man5 \
+		man7dir=../.doc-tmp-dir/man7 \
+		install
+	cd .doc-tmp-dir && $(TAR) cf ../$(manpages).tar .
+	gzip -n -9 -f $(manpages).tar
+	$(RM) -r .doc-tmp-dir
+
+### Cleaning rules
+
+distclean: clean
+	$(RM) configure
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) *.o block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o \
+		$(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
+	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
+	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
+	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers
+	$(RM) *.spec *.pyc *.pyo */*.pyc */*.pyo common-cmds.h TAGS tags cscope*
+	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
+	$(RM) config.log config.mak.autogen config.mak.append config.status config.cache
+	$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME) .doc-tmp-dir
+	$(RM) $(GIT_TARNAME).tar.gz git-core_$(GIT_VERSION)-*.tar.gz
+	$(RM) $(htmldocs).tar.gz $(manpages).tar.gz
+	$(MAKE) -C Documentation/ clean
+ifndef NO_PERL
+	$(RM) gitweb/gitweb.cgi
+	$(MAKE) -C perl clean
+endif
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers clean
+endif
+	$(MAKE) -C templates/ clean
+	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
+ifndef NO_TCLTK
+	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git clean
+	$(MAKE) -C git-gui clean
+endif
+	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-GUI-VARS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
+.PHONY: all install clean strip
+.PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
+.PHONY: FORCE TAGS tags cscope
+
+### Check documentation
+#
+check-docs::
+	@(for v in $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk; \
+	do \
+		case "$$v" in \
+		git-merge-octopus | git-merge-ours | git-merge-recursive | \
+		git-merge-resolve | git-merge-subtree | \
+		git-fsck-objects | git-init-db | \
+		git-?*--?* ) continue ;; \
+		esac ; \
+		test -f "Documentation/$$v.txt" || \
+		echo "no doc: $$v"; \
+		sed -e '/^#/d' command-list.txt | \
+		grep -q "^$$v[ 	]" || \
+		case "$$v" in \
+		git) ;; \
+		*) echo "no link: $$v";; \
+		esac ; \
+	done; \
+	( \
+		sed -e '/^#/d' \
+		    -e 's/[ 	].*//' \
+		    -e 's/^/listed /' command-list.txt; \
+		ls -1 Documentation/git*txt | \
+		sed -e 's|Documentation/|documented |' \
+		    -e 's/\.txt//'; \
+	) | while read how cmd; \
+	do \
+		case "$$how,$$cmd" in \
+		*,git-citool | \
+		*,git-gui | \
+		*,git-help | \
+		documented,gitattributes | \
+		documented,gitignore | \
+		documented,gitmodules | \
+		documented,gitcli | \
+		documented,git-tools | \
+		documented,gitcore-tutorial | \
+		documented,gitcvs-migration | \
+		documented,gitdiffcore | \
+		documented,gitglossary | \
+		documented,githooks | \
+		documented,gitrepository-layout | \
+		documented,gittutorial | \
+		documented,gittutorial-2 | \
+		sentinel,not,matching,is,ok ) continue ;; \
+		esac; \
+		case " $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk " in \
+		*" $$cmd "*)	;; \
+		*) echo "removed but $$how: $$cmd" ;; \
+		esac; \
+	done ) | sort
+
+### Make sure built-ins do not have dups and listed in git.c
+#
+check-builtins::
+	./check-builtins.sh
+
+### Test suite coverage testing
+#
+.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-build coverage-report
+
+coverage:
+	$(MAKE) coverage-build
+	$(MAKE) coverage-report
+
+coverage-clean:
+	rm -f *.gcda *.gcno
+
+COVERAGE_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -O0 -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs
+COVERAGE_LDFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)  -O0 -lgcov
+
+coverage-build: coverage-clean
+	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" all
+	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" \
+		-j1 test
+
+coverage-report:
+	gcov -b *.c
+	grep '^function.*called 0 ' *.c.gcov \
+		| sed -e 's/\([^:]*\)\.gcov: *function \([^ ]*\) called.*/\1: \2/' \
+		| tee coverage-untested-functions
diff --git a/README b/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67cfeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+	GIT - the stupid content tracker
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+"git" can mean anything, depending on your mood.
+
+ - random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not
+   actually used by any common UNIX command.  The fact that it is a
+   mispronunciation of "get" may or may not be relevant.
+ - stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the
+   dictionary of slang.
+ - "global information tracker": you're in a good mood, and it actually
+   works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room.
+ - "goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t": when it breaks
+
+Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
+unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
+and full access to internals.
+
+Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License.
+It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of
+hackers around the net. It is currently maintained by Junio C Hamano.
+
+Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
+
+See Documentation/gittutorial.txt to get started, then see
+Documentation/everyday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and
+Documentation/git-commandname.txt for documentation of each command.
+If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be
+read with "man gittutorial" or "git help tutorial", and the
+documentation of each command with "man git-commandname" or "git help
+commandname".
+
+CVS users may also want to read Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+("man gitcvs-migration" or "git help cvs-migration" if git is
+installed).
+
+Many Git online resources are accessible from http://git-scm.com/
+including full documentation and Git related tools.
+
+The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git
+mailing list -- everyone is welcome to post bug reports, feature
+requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org. To subscribe
+to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in the body to
+majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are available at
+http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git and other archival sites.
+
+The messages titled "A note from the maintainer", "What's in
+git.git (stable)" and "What's cooking in git.git (topics)" and
+the discussion following them on the mailing list give a good
+reference for project status, development direction and
+remaining tasks.
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..7b9bde6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b88122c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+/*
+ * Do not use this for inspecting *tracked* content.  When path is a
+ * symlink to a directory, we do not want to say it is a directory when
+ * dealing with tracked content in the working tree.
+ */
+int is_directory(const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	return (!stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode));
+}
+
+/* We allow "recursive" symbolic links. Only within reason, though. */
+#define MAXDEPTH 5
+
+const char *make_absolute_path(const char *path)
+{
+	static char bufs[2][PATH_MAX + 1], *buf = bufs[0], *next_buf = bufs[1];
+	char cwd[1024] = "";
+	int buf_index = 1;
+
+	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
+	char *last_elem = NULL;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
+		die ("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+
+	while (depth--) {
+		if (!is_directory(buf)) {
+			char *last_slash = strrchr(buf, '/');
+			if (last_slash) {
+				*last_slash = '\0';
+				last_elem = xstrdup(last_slash + 1);
+			} else {
+				last_elem = xstrdup(buf);
+				*buf = '\0';
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (*buf) {
+			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
+				die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+
+			if (chdir(buf))
+				die_errno ("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+		}
+		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX))
+			die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+
+		if (last_elem) {
+			size_t len = strlen(buf);
+			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
+				die ("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
+						buf, last_elem);
+			buf[len] = '/';
+			strcpy(buf + len + 1, last_elem);
+			free(last_elem);
+			last_elem = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (!lstat(buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			ssize_t len = readlink(buf, next_buf, PATH_MAX);
+			if (len < 0)
+				die_errno ("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
+			if (PATH_MAX <= len)
+				die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
+			next_buf[len] = '\0';
+			buf = next_buf;
+			buf_index = 1 - buf_index;
+			next_buf = bufs[buf_index];
+		} else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (*cwd && chdir(cwd))
+		die_errno ("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd);
+
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static const char *get_pwd_cwd(void)
+{
+	static char cwd[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	char *pwd;
+	struct stat cwd_stat, pwd_stat;
+	if (getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	pwd = getenv("PWD");
+	if (pwd && strcmp(pwd, cwd)) {
+		stat(cwd, &cwd_stat);
+		if (!stat(pwd, &pwd_stat) &&
+		    pwd_stat.st_dev == cwd_stat.st_dev &&
+		    pwd_stat.st_ino == cwd_stat.st_ino) {
+			strlcpy(cwd, pwd, PATH_MAX);
+		}
+	}
+	return cwd;
+}
+
+const char *make_nonrelative_path(const char *path)
+{
+	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
+
+	if (is_absolute_path(path)) {
+		if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
+			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	} else {
+		const char *cwd = get_pwd_cwd();
+		if (!cwd)
+			die_errno("Cannot determine the current working directory");
+		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", cwd, path) >= PATH_MAX)
+			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	}
+	return buf;
+}
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..936d98b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int advice_push_nonfastforward = 1;
+int advice_status_hints = 1;
+int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
+int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
+int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
+
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	int *preference;
+} advice_config[] = {
+	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_nonfastforward },
+	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
+	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
+	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
+	{ "implicitidentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
+};
+
+int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *k = skip_prefix(var, "advice.");
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(advice_config); i++) {
+		if (strcmp(k, advice_config[i].name))
+			continue;
+		*advice_config[i].preference = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me)
+{
+	if (advice_resolve_conflict)
+		/*
+		 * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
+		 * other commands doing a merge do.
+		 */
+		die("'%s' is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+		    "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
+		    "appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit, or use 'git commit -a'.", me);
+	else
+		die("'%s' is not possible because you have unmerged files.", me);
+}
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b7a3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef ADVICE_H
+#define ADVICE_H
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+
+extern int advice_push_nonfastforward;
+extern int advice_status_hints;
+extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
+extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
+extern int advice_implicit_identity;
+
+int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value);
+
+extern void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
+
+#endif /* ADVICE_H */
diff --git a/alias.c b/alias.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..372b7d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/alias.c
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+static const char *alias_key;
+static char *alias_val;
+
+static int alias_lookup_cb(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(k, "alias.") && !strcmp(k+6, alias_key)) {
+		if (!v)
+			return config_error_nonbool(k);
+		alias_val = xstrdup(v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char *alias_lookup(const char *alias)
+{
+	alias_key = alias;
+	alias_val = NULL;
+	git_config(alias_lookup_cb, NULL);
+	return alias_val;
+}
+
+int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
+{
+	int src, dst, count = 0, size = 16;
+	char quoted = 0;
+
+	*argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * size);
+
+	/* split alias_string */
+	(*argv)[count++] = cmdline;
+	for (src = dst = 0; cmdline[src];) {
+		char c = cmdline[src];
+		if (!quoted && isspace(c)) {
+			cmdline[dst++] = 0;
+			while (cmdline[++src]
+					&& isspace(cmdline[src]))
+				; /* skip */
+			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+			(*argv)[count++] = cmdline + dst;
+		} else if (!quoted && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
+			quoted = c;
+			src++;
+		} else if (c == quoted) {
+			quoted = 0;
+			src++;
+		} else {
+			if (c == '\\' && quoted != '\'') {
+				src++;
+				c = cmdline[src];
+				if (!c) {
+					free(*argv);
+					*argv = NULL;
+					return error("cmdline ends with \\");
+				}
+			}
+			cmdline[dst++] = c;
+			src++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	cmdline[dst] = 0;
+
+	if (quoted) {
+		free(*argv);
+		*argv = NULL;
+		return error("unclosed quote");
+	}
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+	(*argv)[count] = NULL;
+
+	return count;
+}
+
diff --git a/alloc.c b/alloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef6753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * alloc.c  - specialized allocator for internal objects
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ * The standard malloc/free wastes too much space for objects, partly because
+ * it maintains all the allocation infrastructure (which isn't needed, since
+ * we never free an object descriptor anyway), but even more because it ends
+ * up with maximal alignment because it doesn't know what the object alignment
+ * for the new allocation is.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+
+#define BLOCKING 1024
+
+#define DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(name, type)				\
+static unsigned int name##_allocs;				\
+void *alloc_##name##_node(void)					\
+{								\
+	static int nr;						\
+	static type *block;					\
+	void *ret;						\
+								\
+	if (!nr) {						\
+		nr = BLOCKING;					\
+		block = xmalloc(BLOCKING * sizeof(type));	\
+	}							\
+	nr--;							\
+	name##_allocs++;					\
+	ret = block++;						\
+	memset(ret, 0, sizeof(type));				\
+	return ret;						\
+}
+
+union any_object {
+	struct object object;
+	struct blob blob;
+	struct tree tree;
+	struct commit commit;
+	struct tag tag;
+};
+
+DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(blob, struct blob)
+DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(tree, struct tree)
+DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(commit, struct commit)
+DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(tag, struct tag)
+DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(object, union any_object)
+
+#ifdef NO_C99_FORMAT
+#define SZ_FMT "%u"
+#else
+#define SZ_FMT "%zu"
+#endif
+
+static void report(const char *name, unsigned int count, size_t size)
+{
+    fprintf(stderr, "%10s: %8u (" SZ_FMT " kB)\n", name, count, size);
+}
+
+#undef SZ_FMT
+
+#define REPORT(name)	\
+    report(#name, name##_allocs, name##_allocs*sizeof(struct name) >> 10)
+
+void alloc_report(void)
+{
+	REPORT(blob);
+	REPORT(tree);
+	REPORT(commit);
+	REPORT(tag);
+}
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cee06ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Rene Scharfe
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tar.h"
+#include "archive.h"
+
+#define RECORDSIZE	(512)
+#define BLOCKSIZE	(RECORDSIZE * 20)
+
+static char block[BLOCKSIZE];
+static unsigned long offset;
+
+static int tar_umask = 002;
+
+/* writes out the whole block, but only if it is full */
+static void write_if_needed(void)
+{
+	if (offset == BLOCKSIZE) {
+		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+		offset = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * queues up writes, so that all our write(2) calls write exactly one
+ * full block; pads writes to RECORDSIZE
+ */
+static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	const char *buf = data;
+	unsigned long tail;
+
+	if (offset) {
+		unsigned long chunk = BLOCKSIZE - offset;
+		if (size < chunk)
+			chunk = size;
+		memcpy(block + offset, buf, chunk);
+		size -= chunk;
+		offset += chunk;
+		buf += chunk;
+		write_if_needed();
+	}
+	while (size >= BLOCKSIZE) {
+		write_or_die(1, buf, BLOCKSIZE);
+		size -= BLOCKSIZE;
+		buf += BLOCKSIZE;
+	}
+	if (size) {
+		memcpy(block + offset, buf, size);
+		offset += size;
+	}
+	tail = offset % RECORDSIZE;
+	if (tail)  {
+		memset(block + offset, 0, RECORDSIZE - tail);
+		offset += RECORDSIZE - tail;
+	}
+	write_if_needed();
+}
+
+/*
+ * The end of tar archives is marked by 2*512 nul bytes and after that
+ * follows the rest of the block (if any).
+ */
+static void write_trailer(void)
+{
+	int tail = BLOCKSIZE - offset;
+	memset(block + offset, 0, tail);
+	write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+	if (tail < 2 * RECORDSIZE) {
+		memset(block, 0, offset);
+		write_or_die(1, block, BLOCKSIZE);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * pax extended header records have the format "%u %s=%s\n".  %u contains
+ * the size of the whole string (including the %u), the first %s is the
+ * keyword, the second one is the value.  This function constructs such a
+ * string and appends it to a struct strbuf.
+ */
+static void strbuf_append_ext_header(struct strbuf *sb, const char *keyword,
+                                     const char *value, unsigned int valuelen)
+{
+	int len, tmp;
+
+	/* "%u %s=%s\n" */
+	len = 1 + 1 + strlen(keyword) + 1 + valuelen + 1;
+	for (tmp = len; tmp > 9; tmp /= 10)
+		len++;
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
+	strbuf_addf(sb, "%u %s=", len, keyword);
+	strbuf_add(sb, value, valuelen);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+}
+
+static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
+{
+	char *p = (char *)header;
+	unsigned int chksum = 0;
+	while (p < header->chksum)
+		chksum += *p++;
+	chksum += sizeof(header->chksum) * ' ';
+	p += sizeof(header->chksum);
+	while (p < (char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
+		chksum += *p++;
+	return chksum;
+}
+
+static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
+{
+	size_t i = pathlen;
+	if (i > maxlen)
+		i = maxlen;
+	do {
+		i--;
+	} while (i > 0 && path[i] != '/');
+	return i;
+}
+
+static int write_tar_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
+		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+		unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct ustar_header header;
+	struct strbuf ext_header = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+
+	if (!sha1) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
+		mode = 0100666;
+		strcpy(header.name, "pax_global_header");
+	} else if (!path) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_EXT_HEADER;
+		mode = 0100666;
+		sprintf(header.name, "%s.paxheader", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else {
+		if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_DIR;
+			mode = (mode | 0777) & ~tar_umask;
+		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_LNK;
+			mode |= 0777;
+		} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_REG;
+			mode = (mode | ((mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666)) & ~tar_umask;
+		} else {
+			return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)",
+					mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		}
+		if (pathlen > sizeof(header.name)) {
+			size_t plen = get_path_prefix(path, pathlen,
+					sizeof(header.prefix));
+			size_t rest = pathlen - plen - 1;
+			if (plen > 0 && rest <= sizeof(header.name)) {
+				memcpy(header.prefix, path, plen);
+				memcpy(header.name, path + plen + 1, rest);
+			} else {
+				sprintf(header.name, "%s.data",
+				        sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "path",
+						path, pathlen);
+			}
+		} else
+			memcpy(header.name, path, pathlen);
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISLNK(mode) && buffer) {
+		if (size > sizeof(header.linkname)) {
+			sprintf(header.linkname, "see %s.paxheader",
+			        sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "linkpath",
+			                         buffer, size);
+		} else
+			memcpy(header.linkname, buffer, size);
+	}
+
+	sprintf(header.mode, "%07o", mode & 07777);
+	sprintf(header.size, "%011lo", S_ISREG(mode) ? size : 0);
+	sprintf(header.mtime, "%011lo", (unsigned long) args->time);
+
+	sprintf(header.uid, "%07o", 0);
+	sprintf(header.gid, "%07o", 0);
+	strlcpy(header.uname, "root", sizeof(header.uname));
+	strlcpy(header.gname, "root", sizeof(header.gname));
+	sprintf(header.devmajor, "%07o", 0);
+	sprintf(header.devminor, "%07o", 0);
+
+	memcpy(header.magic, "ustar", 6);
+	memcpy(header.version, "00", 2);
+
+	sprintf(header.chksum, "%07o", ustar_header_chksum(&header));
+
+	if (ext_header.len > 0) {
+		err = write_tar_entry(args, sha1, NULL, 0, 0, ext_header.buf,
+				ext_header.len);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&ext_header);
+	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
+	if (S_ISREG(mode) && buffer && size > 0)
+		write_blocked(buffer, size);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int write_global_extended_header(struct archiver_args *args)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = args->commit_sha1;
+	struct strbuf ext_header = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int err;
+
+	strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "comment", sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	err = write_tar_entry(args, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, ext_header.buf,
+			ext_header.len);
+	strbuf_release(&ext_header);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int git_tar_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "tar.umask")) {
+		if (value && !strcmp(value, "user")) {
+			tar_umask = umask(0);
+			umask(tar_umask);
+		} else {
+			tar_umask = git_config_int(var, value);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int write_tar_archive(struct archiver_args *args)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	git_config(git_tar_config, NULL);
+
+	if (args->commit_sha1)
+		err = write_global_extended_header(args);
+	if (!err)
+		err = write_archive_entries(args, write_tar_entry);
+	if (!err)
+		write_trailer();
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf28504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Rene Scharfe
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "archive.h"
+
+static int zip_date;
+static int zip_time;
+
+static unsigned char *zip_dir;
+static unsigned int zip_dir_size;
+
+static unsigned int zip_offset;
+static unsigned int zip_dir_offset;
+static unsigned int zip_dir_entries;
+
+#define ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE	(1024 * 1024)
+
+struct zip_local_header {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char version[2];
+	unsigned char flags[2];
+	unsigned char compression_method[2];
+	unsigned char mtime[2];
+	unsigned char mdate[2];
+	unsigned char crc32[4];
+	unsigned char compressed_size[4];
+	unsigned char size[4];
+	unsigned char filename_length[2];
+	unsigned char extra_length[2];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
+struct zip_dir_header {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char creator_version[2];
+	unsigned char version[2];
+	unsigned char flags[2];
+	unsigned char compression_method[2];
+	unsigned char mtime[2];
+	unsigned char mdate[2];
+	unsigned char crc32[4];
+	unsigned char compressed_size[4];
+	unsigned char size[4];
+	unsigned char filename_length[2];
+	unsigned char extra_length[2];
+	unsigned char comment_length[2];
+	unsigned char disk[2];
+	unsigned char attr1[2];
+	unsigned char attr2[4];
+	unsigned char offset[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
+struct zip_dir_trailer {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char disk[2];
+	unsigned char directory_start_disk[2];
+	unsigned char entries_on_this_disk[2];
+	unsigned char entries[2];
+	unsigned char size[4];
+	unsigned char offset[4];
+	unsigned char comment_length[2];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
+/*
+ * On ARM, padding is added at the end of the struct, so a simple
+ * sizeof(struct ...) reports two bytes more than the payload size
+ * we're interested in.
+ */
+#define ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_local_header, _end)
+#define ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_header, _end)
+#define ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_trailer, _end)
+
+static void copy_le16(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
+{
+	dest[0] = 0xff & n;
+	dest[1] = 0xff & (n >> 010);
+}
+
+static void copy_le32(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
+{
+	dest[0] = 0xff & n;
+	dest[1] = 0xff & (n >> 010);
+	dest[2] = 0xff & (n >> 020);
+	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
+}
+
+static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
+		int compression_level, unsigned long *compressed_size)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	unsigned long maxsize;
+	void *buffer;
+	int result;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	deflateInit(&stream, compression_level);
+	maxsize = deflateBound(&stream, size);
+	buffer = xmalloc(maxsize);
+
+	stream.next_in = data;
+	stream.avail_in = size;
+	stream.next_out = buffer;
+	stream.avail_out = maxsize;
+
+	do {
+		result = deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+	} while (result == Z_OK);
+
+	if (result != Z_STREAM_END) {
+		free(buffer);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	deflateEnd(&stream);
+	*compressed_size = stream.total_out;
+
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
+		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+		unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct zip_local_header header;
+	struct zip_dir_header dirent;
+	unsigned long attr2;
+	unsigned long compressed_size;
+	unsigned long uncompressed_size;
+	unsigned long crc;
+	unsigned long direntsize;
+	int method;
+	unsigned char *out;
+	void *deflated = NULL;
+
+	crc = crc32(0, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (pathlen > 0xffff) {
+		return error("path too long (%d chars, SHA1: %s): %s",
+				(int)pathlen, sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		method = 0;
+		attr2 = 16;
+		out = NULL;
+		uncompressed_size = 0;
+		compressed_size = 0;
+	} else if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		method = 0;
+		attr2 = S_ISLNK(mode) ? ((mode | 0777) << 16) :
+			(mode & 0111) ? ((mode) << 16) : 0;
+		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0)
+			method = 8;
+		crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
+		out = buffer;
+		uncompressed_size = size;
+		compressed_size = size;
+	} else {
+		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)", mode,
+				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	if (method == 8) {
+		deflated = zlib_deflate(buffer, size, args->compression_level,
+				&compressed_size);
+		if (deflated && compressed_size - 6 < size) {
+			/* ZLIB --> raw compressed data (see RFC 1950) */
+			/* CMF and FLG ... */
+			out = (unsigned char *)deflated + 2;
+			compressed_size -= 6;	/* ... and ADLER32 */
+		} else {
+			method = 0;
+			compressed_size = size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* make sure we have enough free space in the dictionary */
+	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen;
+	while (zip_dir_size < zip_dir_offset + direntsize) {
+		zip_dir_size += ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE;
+		zip_dir = xrealloc(zip_dir, zip_dir_size);
+	}
+
+	copy_le32(dirent.magic, 0x02014b50);
+	copy_le16(dirent.creator_version,
+		S_ISLNK(mode) || (S_ISREG(mode) && (mode & 0111)) ? 0x0317 : 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.version, 10);
+	copy_le16(dirent.flags, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.compression_method, method);
+	copy_le16(dirent.mtime, zip_time);
+	copy_le16(dirent.mdate, zip_date);
+	copy_le32(dirent.crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(dirent.compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(dirent.size, uncompressed_size);
+	copy_le16(dirent.filename_length, pathlen);
+	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.comment_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.disk, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.attr1, 0);
+	copy_le32(dirent.attr2, attr2);
+	copy_le32(dirent.offset, zip_offset);
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &dirent, ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE;
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, path, pathlen);
+	zip_dir_offset += pathlen;
+	zip_dir_entries++;
+
+	copy_le32(header.magic, 0x04034b50);
+	copy_le16(header.version, 10);
+	copy_le16(header.flags, 0);
+	copy_le16(header.compression_method, method);
+	copy_le16(header.mtime, zip_time);
+	copy_le16(header.mdate, zip_date);
+	copy_le32(header.crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(header.compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(header.size, uncompressed_size);
+	copy_le16(header.filename_length, pathlen);
+	copy_le16(header.extra_length, 0);
+	write_or_die(1, &header, ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE);
+	zip_offset += ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE;
+	write_or_die(1, path, pathlen);
+	zip_offset += pathlen;
+	if (compressed_size > 0) {
+		write_or_die(1, out, compressed_size);
+		zip_offset += compressed_size;
+	}
+
+	free(deflated);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_zip_trailer(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct zip_dir_trailer trailer;
+
+	copy_le32(trailer.magic, 0x06054b50);
+	copy_le16(trailer.disk, 0);
+	copy_le16(trailer.directory_start_disk, 0);
+	copy_le16(trailer.entries_on_this_disk, zip_dir_entries);
+	copy_le16(trailer.entries, zip_dir_entries);
+	copy_le32(trailer.size, zip_dir_offset);
+	copy_le32(trailer.offset, zip_offset);
+	copy_le16(trailer.comment_length, sha1 ? 40 : 0);
+
+	write_or_die(1, zip_dir, zip_dir_offset);
+	write_or_die(1, &trailer, ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE);
+	if (sha1)
+		write_or_die(1, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+}
+
+static void dos_time(time_t *time, int *dos_date, int *dos_time)
+{
+	struct tm *t = localtime(time);
+
+	*dos_date = t->tm_mday + (t->tm_mon + 1) * 32 +
+	            (t->tm_year + 1900 - 1980) * 512;
+	*dos_time = t->tm_sec / 2 + t->tm_min * 32 + t->tm_hour * 2048;
+}
+
+int write_zip_archive(struct archiver_args *args)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	dos_time(&args->time, &zip_date, &zip_time);
+
+	zip_dir = xmalloc(ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_size = ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE;
+
+	err = write_archive_entries(args, write_zip_entry);
+	if (!err)
+		write_zip_trailer(args->commit_sha1);
+
+	free(zip_dir);
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d700af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "archive.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+
+static char const * const archive_usage[] = {
+	"git archive [options] <tree-ish> [path...]",
+	"git archive --list",
+	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [path...]",
+	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list",
+	NULL
+};
+
+#define USES_ZLIB_COMPRESSION 1
+
+static const struct archiver {
+	const char *name;
+	write_archive_fn_t write_archive;
+	unsigned int flags;
+} archivers[] = {
+	{ "tar", write_tar_archive },
+	{ "zip", write_zip_archive, USES_ZLIB_COMPRESSION },
+};
+
+static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
+                         const char *src, size_t len,
+                         struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+	struct strbuf fmt = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+
+	if (src == buf->buf)
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *b, *c;
+
+		b = memmem(src, len, "$Format:", 8);
+		if (!b)
+			break;
+		c = memchr(b + 8, '$', (src + len) - b - 8);
+		if (!c)
+			break;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&fmt);
+		strbuf_add(&fmt, b + 8, c - b - 8);
+
+		strbuf_add(buf, src, b - src);
+		format_commit_message(commit, fmt.buf, buf, &ctx);
+		len -= c + 1 - src;
+		src  = c + 1;
+	}
+	strbuf_add(buf, src, len);
+	strbuf_release(&fmt);
+	free(to_free);
+}
+
+static void *sha1_file_to_archive(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
+		unsigned long *sizep, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	void *buffer;
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, type, sizep);
+	if (buffer && S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		size_t size = 0;
+
+		strbuf_attach(&buf, buffer, *sizep, *sizep + 1);
+		convert_to_working_tree(path, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf);
+		if (commit)
+			format_subst(commit, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf);
+		buffer = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+		*sizep = size;
+	}
+
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static void setup_archive_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	static struct git_attr *attr_export_ignore;
+	static struct git_attr *attr_export_subst;
+
+	if (!attr_export_ignore) {
+		attr_export_ignore = git_attr("export-ignore");
+		attr_export_subst = git_attr("export-subst");
+	}
+	check[0].attr = attr_export_ignore;
+	check[1].attr = attr_export_subst;
+}
+
+struct archiver_context {
+	struct archiver_args *args;
+	write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry;
+};
+
+static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
+		int baselen, const char *filename, unsigned mode, int stage,
+		void *context)
+{
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct archiver_context *c = context;
+	struct archiver_args *args = c->args;
+	write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry = c->write_entry;
+	struct git_attr_check check[2];
+	const char *path_without_prefix;
+	int convert = 0;
+	int err;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+	void *buffer;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_grow(&path, PATH_MAX);
+	strbuf_add(&path, args->base, args->baselen);
+	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, filename);
+	path_without_prefix = path.buf + args->baselen;
+
+	setup_archive_check(check);
+	if (!git_checkattr(path_without_prefix, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check)) {
+		if (ATTR_TRUE(check[0].value))
+			return 0;
+		convert = ATTR_TRUE(check[1].value);
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
+		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode, NULL, 0);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		return (S_ISDIR(mode) ? READ_TREE_RECURSIVE : 0);
+	}
+
+	buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(path_without_prefix, sha1, mode,
+			&type, &size, convert ? args->commit : NULL);
+	if (!buffer)
+		return error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (args->verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
+	err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode, buffer, size);
+	free(buffer);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
+		write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry)
+{
+	struct archiver_context context;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+	int err;
+
+	if (args->baselen > 0 && args->base[args->baselen - 1] == '/') {
+		size_t len = args->baselen;
+
+		while (len > 1 && args->base[len - 2] == '/')
+			len--;
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)len, args->base);
+		err = write_entry(args, args->tree->object.sha1, args->base,
+				len, 040777, NULL, 0);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	context.args = args;
+	context.write_entry = write_entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * Setup index and instruct attr to read index only
+	 */
+	if (!args->worktree_attributes) {
+		memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+		opts.index_only = 1;
+		opts.head_idx = -1;
+		opts.src_index = &the_index;
+		opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+		opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+		init_tree_desc(&t, args->tree->buffer, args->tree->size);
+		if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts))
+			return -1;
+		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_INDEX, &the_index);
+	}
+
+	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, args->pathspec,
+				  write_archive_entry, &context);
+	if (err == READ_TREE_RECURSIVE)
+		err = 0;
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct archiver *lookup_archiver(const char *name)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(archivers); i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(name, archivers[i].name))
+			return &archivers[i];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int reject_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
+			int baselen, const char *filename, unsigned mode,
+			int stage, void *context)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
+{
+	const char *pathspec[] = { path, NULL };
+
+	if (read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, reject_entry, NULL))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void parse_pathspec_arg(const char **pathspec,
+		struct archiver_args *ar_args)
+{
+	ar_args->pathspec = pathspec = get_pathspec("", pathspec);
+	if (pathspec) {
+		while (*pathspec) {
+			if (!path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
+				die("path not found: %s", *pathspec);
+			pathspec++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
+		struct archiver_args *ar_args, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *name = argv[0];
+	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
+	time_t archive_time;
+	struct tree *tree;
+	const struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name");
+
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (commit) {
+		commit_sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+		archive_time = commit->date;
+	} else {
+		commit_sha1 = NULL;
+		archive_time = time(NULL);
+	}
+
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	if (tree == NULL)
+		die("not a tree object");
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+		unsigned int mode;
+		int err;
+
+		err = get_tree_entry(tree->object.sha1, prefix,
+				     tree_sha1, &mode);
+		if (err || !S_ISDIR(mode))
+			die("current working directory is untracked");
+
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(tree_sha1);
+	}
+	ar_args->tree = tree;
+	ar_args->commit_sha1 = commit_sha1;
+	ar_args->commit = commit;
+	ar_args->time = archive_time;
+}
+
+#define OPT__COMPR(s, v, h, p) \
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, (s), NULL, (v), NULL, (h), \
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, (p) }
+#define OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN(s, v, p) \
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, (s), NULL, (v), NULL, "", \
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, (p) }
+
+static int parse_archive_args(int argc, const char **argv,
+		const struct archiver **ar, struct archiver_args *args)
+{
+	const char *format = "tar";
+	const char *base = NULL;
+	const char *remote = NULL;
+	const char *exec = NULL;
+	const char *output = NULL;
+	int compression_level = -1;
+	int verbose = 0;
+	int i;
+	int list = 0;
+	int worktree_attributes = 0;
+	struct option opts[] = {
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, "fmt", "archive format"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, "prefix",
+			"prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
+			"write the archive to this file"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "worktree-attributes", &worktree_attributes,
+			"read .gitattributes in working directory"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, "store only", 0),
+		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, "compress faster", 1),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('2', &compression_level, 2),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('3', &compression_level, 3),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('4', &compression_level, 4),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('5', &compression_level, 5),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('6', &compression_level, 6),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('7', &compression_level, 7),
+		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('8', &compression_level, 8),
+		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, "compress better", 9),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list,
+			"list supported archive formats"),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
+			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
+			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, opts, archive_usage, 0);
+
+	if (remote)
+		die("Unexpected option --remote");
+	if (exec)
+		die("Option --exec can only be used together with --remote");
+	if (output)
+		die("Unexpected option --output");
+
+	if (!base)
+		base = "";
+
+	if (list) {
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(archivers); i++)
+			printf("%s\n", archivers[i].name);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/* We need at least one parameter -- tree-ish */
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage_with_options(archive_usage, opts);
+	*ar = lookup_archiver(format);
+	if (!*ar)
+		die("Unknown archive format '%s'", format);
+
+	args->compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+	if (compression_level != -1) {
+		if ((*ar)->flags & USES_ZLIB_COMPRESSION)
+			args->compression_level = compression_level;
+		else {
+			die("Argument not supported for format '%s': -%d",
+					format, compression_level);
+		}
+	}
+	args->verbose = verbose;
+	args->base = base;
+	args->baselen = strlen(base);
+	args->worktree_attributes = worktree_attributes;
+
+	return argc;
+}
+
+int write_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		int setup_prefix)
+{
+	const struct archiver *ar = NULL;
+	struct archiver_args args;
+
+	argc = parse_archive_args(argc, argv, &ar, &args);
+	if (setup_prefix && prefix == NULL)
+		prefix = setup_git_directory();
+
+	parse_treeish_arg(argv, &args, prefix);
+	parse_pathspec_arg(argv + 1, &args);
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	return ar->write_archive(&args);
+}
diff --git a/archive.h b/archive.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..038ac35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/archive.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#ifndef ARCHIVE_H
+#define ARCHIVE_H
+
+struct archiver_args {
+	const char *base;
+	size_t baselen;
+	struct tree *tree;
+	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
+	const struct commit *commit;
+	time_t time;
+	const char **pathspec;
+	unsigned int verbose : 1;
+	unsigned int worktree_attributes : 1;
+	int compression_level;
+};
+
+typedef int (*write_archive_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *);
+
+typedef int (*write_archive_entry_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *args, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen, unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+/*
+ * Archive-format specific backends.
+ */
+extern int write_tar_archive(struct archiver_args *);
+extern int write_zip_archive(struct archiver_args *);
+
+extern int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args, write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry);
+extern int write_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int setup_prefix);
+
+#endif	/* ARCHIVE_H */
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5346ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+#define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+
+const char git_attr__true[] = "(builtin)true";
+const char git_attr__false[] = "\0(builtin)false";
+static const char git_attr__unknown[] = "(builtin)unknown";
+#define ATTR__TRUE git_attr__true
+#define ATTR__FALSE git_attr__false
+#define ATTR__UNSET NULL
+#define ATTR__UNKNOWN git_attr__unknown
+
+/*
+ * The basic design decision here is that we are not going to have
+ * insanely large number of attributes.
+ *
+ * This is a randomly chosen prime.
+ */
+#define HASHSIZE 257
+
+#ifndef DEBUG_ATTR
+#define DEBUG_ATTR 0
+#endif
+
+struct git_attr {
+	struct git_attr *next;
+	unsigned h;
+	int attr_nr;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+static int attr_nr;
+
+static struct git_attr_check *check_all_attr;
+static struct git_attr *(git_attr_hash[HASHSIZE]);
+
+static unsigned hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	unsigned val = 0, c;
+
+	while (namelen--) {
+		c = *name++;
+		val = ((val << 7) | (val >> 22)) ^ c;
+	}
+	return val;
+}
+
+static int invalid_attr_name(const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Attribute name cannot begin with '-' and from
+	 * [-A-Za-z0-9_.].  We'd specifically exclude '=' for now,
+	 * as we might later want to allow non-binary value for
+	 * attributes, e.g. "*.svg	merge=special-merge-program-for-svg"
+	 */
+	if (*name == '-')
+		return -1;
+	while (namelen--) {
+		char ch = *name++;
+		if (! (ch == '-' || ch == '.' || ch == '_' ||
+		       ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') ||
+		       ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
+		       ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z')) )
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct git_attr *git_attr_internal(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	unsigned hval = hash_name(name, len);
+	unsigned pos = hval % HASHSIZE;
+	struct git_attr *a;
+
+	for (a = git_attr_hash[pos]; a; a = a->next) {
+		if (a->h == hval &&
+		    !memcmp(a->name, name, len) && !a->name[len])
+			return a;
+	}
+
+	if (invalid_attr_name(name, len))
+		return NULL;
+
+	a = xmalloc(sizeof(*a) + len + 1);
+	memcpy(a->name, name, len);
+	a->name[len] = 0;
+	a->h = hval;
+	a->next = git_attr_hash[pos];
+	a->attr_nr = attr_nr++;
+	git_attr_hash[pos] = a;
+
+	check_all_attr = xrealloc(check_all_attr,
+				  sizeof(*check_all_attr) * attr_nr);
+	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].attr = a;
+	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
+	return a;
+}
+
+struct git_attr *git_attr(const char *name)
+{
+	return git_attr_internal(name, strlen(name));
+}
+
+/*
+ * .gitattributes file is one line per record, each of which is
+ *
+ * (1) glob pattern.
+ * (2) whitespace
+ * (3) whitespace separated list of attribute names, each of which
+ *     could be prefixed with '-' to mean "set to false", '!' to mean
+ *     "unset".
+ */
+
+/* What does a matched pattern decide? */
+struct attr_state {
+	struct git_attr *attr;
+	const char *setto;
+};
+
+struct match_attr {
+	union {
+		char *pattern;
+		struct git_attr *attr;
+	} u;
+	char is_macro;
+	unsigned num_attr;
+	struct attr_state state[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static const char blank[] = " \t\r\n";
+
+static const char *parse_attr(const char *src, int lineno, const char *cp,
+			      int *num_attr, struct match_attr *res)
+{
+	const char *ep, *equals;
+	int len;
+
+	ep = cp + strcspn(cp, blank);
+	equals = strchr(cp, '=');
+	if (equals && ep < equals)
+		equals = NULL;
+	if (equals)
+		len = equals - cp;
+	else
+		len = ep - cp;
+	if (!res) {
+		if (*cp == '-' || *cp == '!') {
+			cp++;
+			len--;
+		}
+		if (invalid_attr_name(cp, len)) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%.*s is not a valid attribute name: %s:%d\n",
+				len, cp, src, lineno);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		struct attr_state *e;
+
+		e = &(res->state[*num_attr]);
+		if (*cp == '-' || *cp == '!') {
+			e->setto = (*cp == '-') ? ATTR__FALSE : ATTR__UNSET;
+			cp++;
+			len--;
+		}
+		else if (!equals)
+			e->setto = ATTR__TRUE;
+		else {
+			e->setto = xmemdupz(equals + 1, ep - equals - 1);
+		}
+		e->attr = git_attr_internal(cp, len);
+	}
+	(*num_attr)++;
+	return ep + strspn(ep, blank);
+}
+
+static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
+					  int lineno, int macro_ok)
+{
+	int namelen;
+	int num_attr;
+	const char *cp, *name;
+	struct match_attr *res = NULL;
+	int pass;
+	int is_macro;
+
+	cp = line + strspn(line, blank);
+	if (!*cp || *cp == '#')
+		return NULL;
+	name = cp;
+	namelen = strcspn(name, blank);
+	if (strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX) < namelen &&
+	    !prefixcmp(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
+		if (!macro_ok) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s not allowed: %s:%d\n",
+				name, src, lineno);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		is_macro = 1;
+		name += strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX);
+		name += strspn(name, blank);
+		namelen = strcspn(name, blank);
+		if (invalid_attr_name(name, namelen)) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"%.*s is not a valid attribute name: %s:%d\n",
+				namelen, name, src, lineno);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		is_macro = 0;
+
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+		/* pass 0 counts and allocates, pass 1 fills */
+		num_attr = 0;
+		cp = name + namelen;
+		cp = cp + strspn(cp, blank);
+		while (*cp) {
+			cp = parse_attr(src, lineno, cp, &num_attr, res);
+			if (!cp)
+				return NULL;
+		}
+		if (pass)
+			break;
+		res = xcalloc(1,
+			      sizeof(*res) +
+			      sizeof(struct attr_state) * num_attr +
+			      (is_macro ? 0 : namelen + 1));
+		if (is_macro)
+			res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
+		else {
+			res->u.pattern = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
+			memcpy(res->u.pattern, name, namelen);
+			res->u.pattern[namelen] = 0;
+		}
+		res->is_macro = is_macro;
+		res->num_attr = num_attr;
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like info/exclude and .gitignore, the attribute information can
+ * come from many places.
+ *
+ * (1) .gitattribute file of the same directory;
+ * (2) .gitattribute file of the parent directory if (1) does not have
+ *      any match; this goes recursively upwards, just like .gitignore.
+ * (3) $GIT_DIR/info/attributes, which overrides both of the above.
+ *
+ * In the same file, later entries override the earlier match, so in the
+ * global list, we would have entries from info/attributes the earliest
+ * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
+ * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
+ * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
+ * This is exactly the same as what excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
+ * .gitignore
+ */
+
+static struct attr_stack {
+	struct attr_stack *prev;
+	char *origin;
+	unsigned num_matches;
+	unsigned alloc;
+	struct match_attr **attrs;
+} *attr_stack;
+
+static void free_attr_elem(struct attr_stack *e)
+{
+	int i;
+	free(e->origin);
+	for (i = 0; i < e->num_matches; i++) {
+		struct match_attr *a = e->attrs[i];
+		int j;
+		for (j = 0; j < a->num_attr; j++) {
+			const char *setto = a->state[j].setto;
+			if (setto == ATTR__TRUE ||
+			    setto == ATTR__FALSE ||
+			    setto == ATTR__UNSET ||
+			    setto == ATTR__UNKNOWN)
+				;
+			else
+				free((char *) setto);
+		}
+		free(a);
+	}
+	free(e);
+}
+
+static const char *builtin_attr[] = {
+	"[attr]binary -diff -crlf",
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static void handle_attr_line(struct attr_stack *res,
+			     const char *line,
+			     const char *src,
+			     int lineno,
+			     int macro_ok)
+{
+	struct match_attr *a;
+
+	a = parse_attr_line(line, src, lineno, macro_ok);
+	if (!a)
+		return;
+	if (res->alloc <= res->num_matches) {
+		res->alloc = alloc_nr(res->num_matches);
+		res->attrs = xrealloc(res->attrs,
+				      sizeof(struct match_attr *) *
+				      res->alloc);
+	}
+	res->attrs[res->num_matches++] = a;
+}
+
+static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_array(const char **list)
+{
+	struct attr_stack *res;
+	const char *line;
+	int lineno = 0;
+
+	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
+	while ((line = *(list++)) != NULL)
+		handle_attr_line(res, line, "[builtin]", ++lineno, 1);
+	return res;
+}
+
+static enum git_attr_direction direction;
+static struct index_state *use_index;
+
+static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_file(const char *path, int macro_ok)
+{
+	FILE *fp = fopen(path, "r");
+	struct attr_stack *res;
+	char buf[2048];
+	int lineno = 0;
+
+	if (!fp)
+		return NULL;
+	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp))
+		handle_attr_line(res, buf, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
+	fclose(fp);
+	return res;
+}
+
+static void *read_index_data(const char *path)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+	struct index_state *istate = use_index ? use_index : &the_index;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
+		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = -pos - 1;
+		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
+		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
+		     i++)
+			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
+				pos = i;
+	}
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
+{
+	struct attr_stack *res;
+	char *buf, *sp;
+	int lineno = 0;
+
+	buf = read_index_data(path);
+	if (!buf)
+		return NULL;
+
+	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
+	for (sp = buf; *sp; ) {
+		char *ep;
+		int more;
+		for (ep = sp; *ep && *ep != '\n'; ep++)
+			;
+		more = (*ep == '\n');
+		*ep = '\0';
+		handle_attr_line(res, sp, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
+		sp = ep + more;
+	}
+	free(buf);
+	return res;
+}
+
+static struct attr_stack *read_attr(const char *path, int macro_ok)
+{
+	struct attr_stack *res;
+
+	if (direction == GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT) {
+		res = read_attr_from_index(path, macro_ok);
+		if (!res)
+			res = read_attr_from_file(path, macro_ok);
+	}
+	else if (direction == GIT_ATTR_CHECKIN) {
+		res = read_attr_from_file(path, macro_ok);
+		if (!res)
+			/*
+			 * There is no checked out .gitattributes file there, but
+			 * we might have it in the index.  We allow operation in a
+			 * sparsely checked out work tree, so read from it.
+			 */
+			res = read_attr_from_index(path, macro_ok);
+	}
+	else
+		res = read_attr_from_index(path, macro_ok);
+	if (!res)
+		res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
+	return res;
+}
+
+#if DEBUG_ATTR
+static void debug_info(const char *what, struct attr_stack *elem)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", what, elem->origin ? elem->origin : "()");
+}
+static void debug_set(const char *what, const char *match, struct git_attr *attr, const void *v)
+{
+	const char *value = v;
+
+	if (ATTR_TRUE(value))
+		value = "set";
+	else if (ATTR_FALSE(value))
+		value = "unset";
+	else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
+		value = "unspecified";
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s => %s (%s)\n",
+		what, attr->name, (char *) value, match);
+}
+#define debug_push(a) debug_info("push", (a))
+#define debug_pop(a) debug_info("pop", (a))
+#else
+#define debug_push(a) do { ; } while (0)
+#define debug_pop(a) do { ; } while (0)
+#define debug_set(a,b,c,d) do { ; } while (0)
+#endif
+
+static void drop_attr_stack(void)
+{
+	while (attr_stack) {
+		struct attr_stack *elem = attr_stack;
+		attr_stack = elem->prev;
+		free_attr_elem(elem);
+	}
+}
+
+static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
+{
+	if (!attr_stack) {
+		struct attr_stack *elem;
+
+		elem = read_attr_from_array(builtin_attr);
+		elem->origin = NULL;
+		elem->prev = attr_stack;
+		attr_stack = elem;
+
+		if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
+			elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
+			elem->origin = strdup("");
+			elem->prev = attr_stack;
+			attr_stack = elem;
+			debug_push(elem);
+		}
+
+		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_path(INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE), 1);
+		if (!elem)
+			elem = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*elem));
+		elem->origin = NULL;
+		elem->prev = attr_stack;
+		attr_stack = elem;
+	}
+}
+
+static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
+{
+	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
+	int len;
+	struct strbuf pathbuf;
+
+	strbuf_init(&pathbuf, dirlen+2+strlen(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE));
+
+	/*
+	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
+	 * set of attribute definitions.  Then, contents from
+	 * .gitattribute files from directories closer to the
+	 * root to the ones in deeper directories are pushed
+	 * to the stack.  Finally, at the very top of the stack
+	 * we always keep the contents of $GIT_DIR/info/attributes.
+	 *
+	 * When checking, we use entries from near the top of the
+	 * stack, preferring $GIT_DIR/info/attributes, then
+	 * .gitattributes in deeper directories to shallower ones,
+	 * and finally use the built-in set as the default.
+	 */
+	if (!attr_stack)
+		bootstrap_attr_stack();
+
+	/*
+	 * Pop the "info" one that is always at the top of the stack.
+	 */
+	info = attr_stack;
+	attr_stack = info->prev;
+
+	/*
+	 * Pop the ones from directories that are not the prefix of
+	 * the path we are checking.
+	 */
+	while (attr_stack && attr_stack->origin) {
+		int namelen = strlen(attr_stack->origin);
+
+		elem = attr_stack;
+		if (namelen <= dirlen &&
+		    !strncmp(elem->origin, path, namelen))
+			break;
+
+		debug_pop(elem);
+		attr_stack = elem->prev;
+		free_attr_elem(elem);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Read from parent directories and push them down
+	 */
+	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
+		while (1) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			len = strlen(attr_stack->origin);
+			if (dirlen <= len)
+				break;
+			strbuf_reset(&pathbuf);
+			strbuf_add(&pathbuf, path, dirlen);
+			strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
+			cp = strchr(pathbuf.buf + len + 1, '/');
+			strcpy(cp + 1, GITATTRIBUTES_FILE);
+			elem = read_attr(pathbuf.buf, 0);
+			*cp = '\0';
+			elem->origin = strdup(pathbuf.buf);
+			elem->prev = attr_stack;
+			attr_stack = elem;
+			debug_push(elem);
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally push the "info" one at the top of the stack.
+	 */
+	info->prev = attr_stack;
+	attr_stack = info;
+}
+
+static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+			const char *pattern,
+			const char *base, int baselen)
+{
+	if (!strchr(pattern, '/')) {
+		/* match basename */
+		const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
+		basename = basename ? basename + 1 : pathname;
+		return (fnmatch(pattern, basename, 0) == 0);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
+	 * in front of it.
+	 */
+	if (*pattern == '/')
+		pattern++;
+	if (pathlen < baselen ||
+	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
+	    strncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+		return 0;
+	if (baselen != 0)
+		baselen++;
+	return fnmatch(pattern, pathname + baselen, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+}
+
+static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
+{
+	struct git_attr_check *check = check_all_attr;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; 0 < rem && i < a->num_attr; i++) {
+		struct git_attr *attr = a->state[i].attr;
+		const char **n = &(check[attr->attr_nr].value);
+		const char *v = a->state[i].setto;
+
+		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
+			debug_set(what, a->u.pattern, attr, v);
+			*n = v;
+			rem--;
+		}
+	}
+	return rem;
+}
+
+static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *base = stk->origin ? stk->origin : "";
+
+	for (i = stk->num_matches - 1; 0 < rem && 0 <= i; i--) {
+		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
+		if (a->is_macro)
+			continue;
+		if (path_matches(path, pathlen,
+				 a->u.pattern, base, strlen(base)))
+			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
+	}
+	return rem;
+}
+
+static int macroexpand(struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct git_attr_check *check = check_all_attr;
+
+	for (i = stk->num_matches - 1; 0 < rem && 0 <= i; i--) {
+		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
+		if (!a->is_macro)
+			continue;
+		if (check[a->u.attr->attr_nr].value != ATTR__TRUE)
+			continue;
+		rem = fill_one("expand", a, rem);
+	}
+	return rem;
+}
+
+int git_checkattr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	struct attr_stack *stk;
+	const char *cp;
+	int dirlen, pathlen, i, rem;
+
+	bootstrap_attr_stack();
+	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
+		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
+
+	pathlen = strlen(path);
+	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
+	if (!cp)
+		dirlen = 0;
+	else
+		dirlen = cp - path;
+	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
+	rem = attr_nr;
+	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
+		rem = fill(path, pathlen, stk, rem);
+
+	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
+		rem = macroexpand(stk, rem);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		const char *value = check_all_attr[check[i].attr->attr_nr].value;
+		if (value == ATTR__UNKNOWN)
+			value = ATTR__UNSET;
+		check[i].value = value;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void git_attr_set_direction(enum git_attr_direction new, struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	enum git_attr_direction old = direction;
+
+	if (is_bare_repository() && new != GIT_ATTR_INDEX)
+		die("BUG: non-INDEX attr direction in a bare repo");
+
+	direction = new;
+	if (new != old)
+		drop_attr_stack();
+	use_index = istate;
+}
diff --git a/attr.h b/attr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..450f49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/attr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef ATTR_H
+#define ATTR_H
+
+/* An attribute is a pointer to this opaque structure */
+struct git_attr;
+
+/*
+ * Given a string, return the gitattribute object that
+ * corresponds to it.
+ */
+struct git_attr *git_attr(const char *);
+
+/* Internal use */
+extern const char git_attr__true[];
+extern const char git_attr__false[];
+
+/* For public to check git_attr_check results */
+#define ATTR_TRUE(v) ((v) == git_attr__true)
+#define ATTR_FALSE(v) ((v) == git_attr__false)
+#define ATTR_UNSET(v) ((v) == NULL)
+
+/*
+ * Send one or more git_attr_check to git_checkattr(), and
+ * each 'value' member tells what its value is.
+ * Unset one is returned as NULL.
+ */
+struct git_attr_check {
+	struct git_attr *attr;
+	const char *value;
+};
+
+int git_checkattr(const char *path, int, struct git_attr_check *);
+
+enum git_attr_direction {
+	GIT_ATTR_CHECKIN,
+	GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT,
+	GIT_ATTR_INDEX,
+};
+void git_attr_set_direction(enum git_attr_direction, struct index_state *);
+
+#endif /* ATTR_H */
diff --git a/base85.c b/base85.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e459fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base85.c
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+#undef DEBUG_85
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_85
+#define say(a) fprintf(stderr, a)
+#define say1(a,b) fprintf(stderr, a, b)
+#define say2(a,b,c) fprintf(stderr, a, b, c)
+#else
+#define say(a) do {} while(0)
+#define say1(a,b) do {} while(0)
+#define say2(a,b,c) do {} while(0)
+#endif
+
+static const char en85[] = {
+	'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
+	'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
+	'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T',
+	'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
+	'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j',
+	'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't',
+	'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
+	'!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+', '-',
+	';', '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', '^', '_',	'`', '{',
+	'|', '}', '~'
+};
+
+static char de85[256];
+static void prep_base85(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (de85['Z'])
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(en85); i++) {
+		int ch = en85[i];
+		de85[ch] = i + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+int decode_85(char *dst, const char *buffer, int len)
+{
+	prep_base85();
+
+	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len/4*5, buffer);
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned acc = 0;
+		int de, cnt = 4;
+		unsigned char ch;
+		do {
+			ch = *buffer++;
+			de = de85[ch];
+			if (--de < 0)
+				return error("invalid base85 alphabet %c", ch);
+			acc = acc * 85 + de;
+		} while (--cnt);
+		ch = *buffer++;
+		de = de85[ch];
+		if (--de < 0)
+			return error("invalid base85 alphabet %c", ch);
+		/* Detect overflow. */
+		if (0xffffffff / 85 < acc ||
+		    0xffffffff - de < (acc *= 85))
+			return error("invalid base85 sequence %.5s", buffer-5);
+		acc += de;
+		say1(" %08x", acc);
+
+		cnt = (len < 4) ? len : 4;
+		len -= cnt;
+		do {
+			acc = (acc << 8) | (acc >> 24);
+			*dst++ = acc;
+		} while (--cnt);
+	}
+	say("\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void encode_85(char *buf, const unsigned char *data, int bytes)
+{
+	say("encode 85");
+	while (bytes) {
+		unsigned acc = 0;
+		int cnt;
+		for (cnt = 24; cnt >= 0; cnt -= 8) {
+			unsigned ch = *data++;
+			acc |= ch << cnt;
+			if (--bytes == 0)
+				break;
+		}
+		say1(" %08x", acc);
+		for (cnt = 4; cnt >= 0; cnt--) {
+			int val = acc % 85;
+			acc /= 85;
+			buf[cnt] = en85[val];
+		}
+		buf += 5;
+	}
+	say("\n");
+
+	*buf = 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_85
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	if (!strcmp(av[1], "-e")) {
+		int len = strlen(av[2]);
+		encode_85(buf, av[2], len);
+		if (len <= 26) len = len + 'A' - 1;
+		else len = len + 'a' - 26 - 1;
+		printf("encoded: %c%s\n", len, buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(av[1], "-d")) {
+		int len = *av[2];
+		if ('A' <= len && len <= 'Z') len = len - 'A' + 1;
+		else len = len - 'a' + 26 + 1;
+		decode_85(buf, av[2]+1, len);
+		printf("decoded: %.*s\n", len, buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(av[1], "-t")) {
+		char t[4] = { -1,-1,-1,-1 };
+		encode_85(buf, t, 4);
+		printf("encoded: D%s\n", buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dc27ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1008 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "bisect.h"
+
+struct sha1_array {
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20];
+	int sha1_nr;
+	int sha1_alloc;
+	int sorted;
+};
+
+static struct sha1_array good_revs;
+static struct sha1_array skipped_revs;
+
+static const unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
+
+struct argv_array {
+	const char **argv;
+	int argv_nr;
+	int argv_alloc;
+};
+
+static const char *argv_checkout[] = {"checkout", "-q", NULL, "--", NULL};
+static const char *argv_show_branch[] = {"show-branch", NULL, NULL};
+
+/* bits #0-15 in revision.h */
+
+#define COUNTED		(1u<<16)
+
+/*
+ * This is a truly stupid algorithm, but it's only
+ * used for bisection, and we just don't care enough.
+ *
+ * We care just barely enough to avoid recursing for
+ * non-merge entries.
+ */
+static int count_distance(struct commit_list *entry)
+{
+	int nr = 0;
+
+	while (entry) {
+		struct commit *commit = entry->item;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | COUNTED))
+			break;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & TREESAME))
+			nr++;
+		commit->object.flags |= COUNTED;
+		p = commit->parents;
+		entry = p;
+		if (p) {
+			p = p->next;
+			while (p) {
+				nr += count_distance(p);
+				p = p->next;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nr;
+}
+
+static void clear_distance(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		commit->object.flags &= ~COUNTED;
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+}
+
+#define DEBUG_BISECT 0
+
+static inline int weight(struct commit_list *elem)
+{
+	return *((int*)(elem->item->util));
+}
+
+static inline void weight_set(struct commit_list *elem, int weight)
+{
+	*((int*)(elem->item->util)) = weight;
+}
+
+static int count_interesting_parents(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int count;
+
+	for (count = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		count++;
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+static inline int halfway(struct commit_list *p, int nr)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Don't short-cut something we are not going to return!
+	 */
+	if (p->item->object.flags & TREESAME)
+		return 0;
+	if (DEBUG_BISECT)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * 2 and 3 are halfway of 5.
+	 * 3 is halfway of 6 but 2 and 4 are not.
+	 */
+	switch (2 * weight(p) - nr) {
+	case -1: case 0: case 1:
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+#if !DEBUG_BISECT
+#define show_list(a,b,c,d) do { ; } while (0)
+#else
+static void show_list(const char *debug, int counted, int nr,
+		      struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d/%d)\n", debug, counted, nr);
+
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit_list *pp;
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
+		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		char *buf = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		char *ep, *sp;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "%c%c%c ",
+			(flags & TREESAME) ? ' ' : 'T',
+			(flags & UNINTERESTING) ? 'U' : ' ',
+			(flags & COUNTED) ? 'C' : ' ');
+		if (commit->util)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%3d", weight(p));
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr, "---");
+		fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", 8, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		for (pp = commit->parents; pp; pp = pp->next)
+			fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", 8,
+				sha1_to_hex(pp->item->object.sha1));
+
+		sp = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		if (sp) {
+			sp += 2;
+			for (ep = sp; *ep && *ep != '\n'; ep++)
+				;
+			fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", (int)(ep - sp), sp);
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	}
+}
+#endif /* DEBUG_BISECT */
+
+static struct commit_list *best_bisection(struct commit_list *list, int nr)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p, *best;
+	int best_distance = -1;
+
+	best = list;
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		int distance;
+		unsigned flags = p->item->object.flags;
+
+		if (flags & TREESAME)
+			continue;
+		distance = weight(p);
+		if (nr - distance < distance)
+			distance = nr - distance;
+		if (distance > best_distance) {
+			best = p;
+			best_distance = distance;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return best;
+}
+
+struct commit_dist {
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int distance;
+};
+
+static int compare_commit_dist(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct commit_dist *a, *b;
+
+	a = (struct commit_dist *)a_;
+	b = (struct commit_dist *)b_;
+	if (a->distance != b->distance)
+		return b->distance - a->distance; /* desc sort */
+	return hashcmp(a->commit->object.sha1, b->commit->object.sha1);
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *best_bisection_sorted(struct commit_list *list, int nr)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit_dist *array = xcalloc(nr, sizeof(*array));
+	int cnt, i;
+
+	for (p = list, cnt = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		int distance;
+		unsigned flags = p->item->object.flags;
+
+		if (flags & TREESAME)
+			continue;
+		distance = weight(p);
+		if (nr - distance < distance)
+			distance = nr - distance;
+		array[cnt].commit = p->item;
+		array[cnt].distance = distance;
+		cnt++;
+	}
+	qsort(array, cnt, sizeof(*array), compare_commit_dist);
+	for (p = list, i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		struct name_decoration *r = xmalloc(sizeof(*r) + 100);
+		struct object *obj = &(array[i].commit->object);
+
+		sprintf(r->name, "dist=%d", array[i].distance);
+		r->next = add_decoration(&name_decoration, obj, r);
+		p->item = array[i].commit;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	if (p)
+		p->next = NULL;
+	free(array);
+	return list;
+}
+
+/*
+ * zero or positive weight is the number of interesting commits it can
+ * reach, including itself.  Especially, weight = 0 means it does not
+ * reach any tree-changing commits (e.g. just above uninteresting one
+ * but traversal is with pathspec).
+ *
+ * weight = -1 means it has one parent and its distance is yet to
+ * be computed.
+ *
+ * weight = -2 means it has more than one parent and its distance is
+ * unknown.  After running count_distance() first, they will get zero
+ * or positive distance.
+ */
+static struct commit_list *do_find_bisection(struct commit_list *list,
+					     int nr, int *weights,
+					     int find_all)
+{
+	int n, counted;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+
+	counted = 0;
+
+	for (n = 0, p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
+		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;
+
+		p->item->util = &weights[n++];
+		switch (count_interesting_parents(commit)) {
+		case 0:
+			if (!(flags & TREESAME)) {
+				weight_set(p, 1);
+				counted++;
+				show_list("bisection 2 count one",
+					  counted, nr, list);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise, it is known not to reach any
+			 * tree-changing commit and gets weight 0.
+			 */
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			weight_set(p, -1);
+			break;
+		default:
+			weight_set(p, -2);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	show_list("bisection 2 initialize", counted, nr, list);
+
+	/*
+	 * If you have only one parent in the resulting set
+	 * then you can reach one commit more than that parent
+	 * can reach.  So we do not have to run the expensive
+	 * count_distance() for single strand of pearls.
+	 *
+	 * However, if you have more than one parents, you cannot
+	 * just add their distance and one for yourself, since
+	 * they usually reach the same ancestor and you would
+	 * end up counting them twice that way.
+	 *
+	 * So we will first count distance of merges the usual
+	 * way, and then fill the blanks using cheaper algorithm.
+	 */
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (weight(p) != -2)
+			continue;
+		weight_set(p, count_distance(p));
+		clear_distance(list);
+
+		/* Does it happen to be at exactly half-way? */
+		if (!find_all && halfway(p, nr))
+			return p;
+		counted++;
+	}
+
+	show_list("bisection 2 count_distance", counted, nr, list);
+
+	while (counted < nr) {
+		for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+			struct commit_list *q;
+			unsigned flags = p->item->object.flags;
+
+			if (0 <= weight(p))
+				continue;
+			for (q = p->item->parents; q; q = q->next) {
+				if (q->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+					continue;
+				if (0 <= weight(q))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (!q)
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * weight for p is unknown but q is known.
+			 * add one for p itself if p is to be counted,
+			 * otherwise inherit it from q directly.
+			 */
+			if (!(flags & TREESAME)) {
+				weight_set(p, weight(q)+1);
+				counted++;
+				show_list("bisection 2 count one",
+					  counted, nr, list);
+			}
+			else
+				weight_set(p, weight(q));
+
+			/* Does it happen to be at exactly half-way? */
+			if (!find_all && halfway(p, nr))
+				return p;
+		}
+	}
+
+	show_list("bisection 2 counted all", counted, nr, list);
+
+	if (!find_all)
+		return best_bisection(list, nr);
+	else
+		return best_bisection_sorted(list, nr);
+}
+
+struct commit_list *find_bisection(struct commit_list *list,
+					  int *reaches, int *all,
+					  int find_all)
+{
+	int nr, on_list;
+	struct commit_list *p, *best, *next, *last;
+	int *weights;
+
+	show_list("bisection 2 entry", 0, 0, list);
+
+	/*
+	 * Count the number of total and tree-changing items on the
+	 * list, while reversing the list.
+	 */
+	for (nr = on_list = 0, last = NULL, p = list;
+	     p;
+	     p = next) {
+		unsigned flags = p->item->object.flags;
+
+		next = p->next;
+		if (flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		p->next = last;
+		last = p;
+		if (!(flags & TREESAME))
+			nr++;
+		on_list++;
+	}
+	list = last;
+	show_list("bisection 2 sorted", 0, nr, list);
+
+	*all = nr;
+	weights = xcalloc(on_list, sizeof(*weights));
+
+	/* Do the real work of finding bisection commit. */
+	best = do_find_bisection(list, nr, weights, find_all);
+	if (best) {
+		if (!find_all)
+			best->next = NULL;
+		*reaches = weight(best);
+	}
+	free(weights);
+	return best;
+}
+
+static void argv_array_push(struct argv_array *array, const char *string)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(array->argv, array->argv_nr + 1, array->argv_alloc);
+	array->argv[array->argv_nr++] = string;
+}
+
+static void argv_array_push_sha1(struct argv_array *array,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1,
+				 const char *format)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, format, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	argv_array_push(array, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+}
+
+static void sha1_array_push(struct sha1_array *array,
+			    const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(array->sha1, array->sha1_nr + 1, array->sha1_alloc);
+	hashcpy(array->sha1[array->sha1_nr++], sha1);
+}
+
+static int register_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "bad")) {
+		current_bad_sha1 = sha1;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "good-")) {
+		sha1_array_push(&good_revs, sha1);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "skip-")) {
+		sha1_array_push(&skipped_revs, sha1);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_bisect_refs(void)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/", register_ref, NULL);
+}
+
+static void read_bisect_paths(struct argv_array *array)
+{
+	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_NAMES");
+	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
+
+	if (!fp)
+		die_errno("Could not open file '%s'", filename);
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&str, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+		char *quoted;
+		int res;
+
+		strbuf_trim(&str);
+		quoted = strbuf_detach(&str, NULL);
+		res = sq_dequote_to_argv(quoted, &array->argv,
+					 &array->argv_nr, &array->argv_alloc);
+		if (res)
+			die("Badly quoted content in file '%s': %s",
+			    filename, quoted);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&str);
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+
+static int array_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	return hashcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+static void sort_sha1_array(struct sha1_array *array)
+{
+	qsort(array->sha1, array->sha1_nr, sizeof(*array->sha1), array_cmp);
+
+	array->sorted = 1;
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
+{
+	unsigned char (*array)[20] = table;
+	return array[index];
+}
+
+static int lookup_sha1_array(struct sha1_array *array,
+			     const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (!array->sorted)
+		sort_sha1_array(array);
+
+	return sha1_pos(sha1, array->sha1, array->sha1_nr, sha1_access);
+}
+
+static char *join_sha1_array_hex(struct sha1_array *array, char delim)
+{
+	struct strbuf joined_hexs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < array->sha1_nr; i++) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&joined_hexs, sha1_to_hex(array->sha1[i]));
+		if (i + 1 < array->sha1_nr)
+			strbuf_addch(&joined_hexs, delim);
+	}
+
+	return strbuf_detach(&joined_hexs, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * In this function, passing a not NULL skipped_first is very special.
+ * It means that we want to know if the first commit in the list is
+ * skipped because we will want to test a commit away from it if it is
+ * indeed skipped.
+ * So if the first commit is skipped, we cannot take the shortcut to
+ * just "return list" when we find the first non skipped commit, we
+ * have to return a fully filtered list.
+ *
+ * We use (*skipped_first == -1) to mean "it has been found that the
+ * first commit is not skipped". In this case *skipped_first is set back
+ * to 0 just before the function returns.
+ */
+struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
+				   struct commit_list **tried,
+				   int show_all,
+				   int *count,
+				   int *skipped_first)
+{
+	struct commit_list *filtered = NULL, **f = &filtered;
+
+	*tried = NULL;
+
+	if (skipped_first)
+		*skipped_first = 0;
+	if (count)
+		*count = 0;
+
+	if (!skipped_revs.sha1_nr)
+		return list;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
+		list->next = NULL;
+		if (0 <= lookup_sha1_array(&skipped_revs,
+					   list->item->object.sha1)) {
+			if (skipped_first && !*skipped_first)
+				*skipped_first = 1;
+			/* Move current to tried list */
+			*tried = list;
+			tried = &list->next;
+		} else {
+			if (!show_all) {
+				if (!skipped_first || !*skipped_first)
+					return list;
+			} else if (skipped_first && !*skipped_first) {
+				/* This means we know it's not skipped */
+				*skipped_first = -1;
+			}
+			/* Move current to filtered list */
+			*f = list;
+			f = &list->next;
+			if (count)
+				(*count)++;
+		}
+		list = next;
+	}
+
+	if (skipped_first && *skipped_first == -1)
+		*skipped_first = 0;
+
+	return filtered;
+}
+
+#define PRN_MODULO 32768
+
+/*
+ * This is a pseudo random number generator based on "man 3 rand".
+ * It is not used properly because the seed is the argument and it
+ * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
+ * for this application.
+ */
+static int get_prn(int count) {
+	count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
+	return ((unsigned)(count/65536) % PRN_MODULO);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Custom integer square root from
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root
+ */
+static int sqrti(int val)
+{
+	float d, x = val;
+
+	if (val == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	do {
+		float y = (x + (float)val / x) / 2;
+		d = (y > x) ? y - x : x - y;
+		x = y;
+	} while (d >= 0.5);
+
+	return (int)x;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *skip_away(struct commit_list *list, int count)
+{
+	struct commit_list *cur, *previous;
+	int prn, index, i;
+
+	prn = get_prn(count);
+	index = (count * prn / PRN_MODULO) * sqrti(prn) / sqrti(PRN_MODULO);
+
+	cur = list;
+	previous = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; cur; cur = cur->next, i++) {
+		if (i == index) {
+			if (hashcmp(cur->item->object.sha1, current_bad_sha1))
+				return cur;
+			if (previous)
+				return previous;
+			return list;
+		}
+		previous = cur;
+	}
+
+	return list;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *managed_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
+					   struct commit_list **tried)
+{
+	int count, skipped_first;
+
+	*tried = NULL;
+
+	if (!skipped_revs.sha1_nr)
+		return list;
+
+	list = filter_skipped(list, tried, 0, &count, &skipped_first);
+
+	if (!skipped_first)
+		return list;
+
+	return skip_away(list, count);
+}
+
+static void bisect_rev_setup(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix,
+			     const char *bad_format, const char *good_format,
+			     int read_paths)
+{
+	struct argv_array rev_argv = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+	int i;
+
+	init_revisions(revs, prefix);
+	revs->abbrev = 0;
+	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
+
+	/* rev_argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
+	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, xstrdup("bisect_rev_setup"));
+	argv_array_push_sha1(&rev_argv, current_bad_sha1, bad_format);
+	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.sha1_nr; i++)
+		argv_array_push_sha1(&rev_argv, good_revs.sha1[i],
+				     good_format);
+	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, xstrdup("--"));
+	if (read_paths)
+		read_bisect_paths(&rev_argv);
+	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, NULL);
+
+	setup_revisions(rev_argv.argv_nr, rev_argv.argv, revs, NULL);
+}
+
+static void bisect_common(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	if (revs->tree_objects)
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs->commits, revs, NULL);
+}
+
+static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
+				    const unsigned char *bad)
+{
+	if (!tried)
+		return;
+
+	printf("There are only 'skip'ped commits left to test.\n"
+	       "The first bad commit could be any of:\n");
+	print_commit_list(tried, "%s\n", "%s\n");
+	if (bad)
+		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(bad));
+	printf("We cannot bisect more!\n");
+	exit(2);
+}
+
+static int is_expected_rev(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_EXPECTED_REV");
+	struct stat st;
+	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int res = 0;
+
+	if (stat(filename, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	fp = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!fp)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_getline(&str, fp, '\n') != EOF)
+		res = !strcmp(str.buf, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	strbuf_release(&str);
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+static void mark_expected_rev(char *bisect_rev_hex)
+{
+	int len = strlen(bisect_rev_hex);
+	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_EXPECTED_REV");
+	int fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("could not create file '%s'", filename);
+
+	bisect_rev_hex[len] = '\n';
+	write_or_die(fd, bisect_rev_hex, len + 1);
+	bisect_rev_hex[len] = '\0';
+
+	if (close(fd) < 0)
+		die("closing file %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static int bisect_checkout(char *bisect_rev_hex)
+{
+	int res;
+
+	mark_expected_rev(bisect_rev_hex);
+
+	argv_checkout[2] = bisect_rev_hex;
+	res = run_command_v_opt(argv_checkout, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	if (res)
+		exit(res);
+
+	argv_show_branch[1] = bisect_rev_hex;
+	return run_command_v_opt(argv_show_branch, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+}
+
+static struct commit *get_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *r = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!r)
+		die("Not a valid commit name %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return r;
+}
+
+static struct commit **get_bad_and_good_commits(int *rev_nr)
+{
+	int len = 1 + good_revs.sha1_nr;
+	struct commit **rev = xmalloc(len * sizeof(*rev));
+	int i, n = 0;
+
+	rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(current_bad_sha1);
+	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.sha1_nr; i++)
+		rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(good_revs.sha1[i]);
+	*rev_nr = n;
+
+	return rev;
+}
+
+static void handle_bad_merge_base(void)
+{
+	if (is_expected_rev(current_bad_sha1)) {
+		char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1);
+		char *good_hex = join_sha1_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "The merge base %s is bad.\n"
+			"This means the bug has been fixed "
+			"between %s and [%s].\n",
+			bad_hex, bad_hex, good_hex);
+
+		exit(3);
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Some good revs are not ancestor of the bad rev.\n"
+		"git bisect cannot work properly in this case.\n"
+		"Maybe you mistake good and bad revs?\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void handle_skipped_merge_base(const unsigned char *mb)
+{
+	char *mb_hex = sha1_to_hex(mb);
+	char *bad_hex = sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1);
+	char *good_hex = join_sha1_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
+
+	warning("the merge base between %s and [%s] "
+		"must be skipped.\n"
+		"So we cannot be sure the first bad commit is "
+		"between %s and %s.\n"
+		"We continue anyway.",
+		bad_hex, good_hex, mb_hex, bad_hex);
+	free(good_hex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * "check_merge_bases" checks that merge bases are not "bad".
+ *
+ * - If one is "bad", it means the user assumed something wrong
+ * and we must exit with a non 0 error code.
+ * - If one is "good", that's good, we have nothing to do.
+ * - If one is "skipped", we can't know but we should warn.
+ * - If we don't know, we should check it out and ask the user to test.
+ */
+static void check_merge_bases(void)
+{
+	struct commit_list *result;
+	int rev_nr;
+	struct commit **rev = get_bad_and_good_commits(&rev_nr);
+
+	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1, 0);
+
+	for (; result; result = result->next) {
+		const unsigned char *mb = result->item->object.sha1;
+		if (!hashcmp(mb, current_bad_sha1)) {
+			handle_bad_merge_base();
+		} else if (0 <= lookup_sha1_array(&good_revs, mb)) {
+			continue;
+		} else if (0 <= lookup_sha1_array(&skipped_revs, mb)) {
+			handle_skipped_merge_base(mb);
+		} else {
+			printf("Bisecting: a merge base must be tested\n");
+			exit(bisect_checkout(sha1_to_hex(mb)));
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(rev);
+	free_commit_list(result);
+}
+
+static int check_ancestors(const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct object_array pending_copy;
+	int i, res;
+
+	bisect_rev_setup(&revs, prefix, "^%s", "%s", 0);
+
+	/* Save pending objects, so they can be cleaned up later. */
+	memset(&pending_copy, 0, sizeof(pending_copy));
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++)
+		add_object_array(revs.pending.objects[i].item,
+				 revs.pending.objects[i].name,
+				 &pending_copy);
+
+	bisect_common(&revs);
+	res = (revs.commits != NULL);
+
+	/* Clean up objects used, as they will be reused. */
+	for (i = 0; i < pending_copy.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *o = pending_copy.objects[i].item;
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad" checks that all "good" revs are
+ * ancestor of the "bad" rev.
+ *
+ * If that's not the case, we need to check the merge bases.
+ * If a merge base must be tested by the user, its source code will be
+ * checked out to be tested by the user and we will exit.
+ */
+static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (!current_bad_sha1)
+		die("a bad revision is needed");
+
+	/* Check if file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK exists. */
+	if (!stat(filename, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return;
+
+	/* Bisecting with no good rev is ok. */
+	if (good_revs.sha1_nr == 0)
+		return;
+
+	/* Check if all good revs are ancestor of the bad rev. */
+	if (check_ancestors(prefix))
+		check_merge_bases();
+
+	/* Create file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK. */
+	fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		warning("could not create file '%s': %s",
+			filename, strerror(errno));
+	else
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This does "git diff-tree --pretty COMMIT" without one fork+exec.
+ */
+static void show_diff_tree(const char *prefix, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct rev_info opt;
+
+	/* diff-tree init */
+	init_revisions(&opt, prefix);
+	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
+	opt.abbrev = 0;
+	opt.diff = 1;
+
+	/* This is what "--pretty" does */
+	opt.verbose_header = 1;
+	opt.use_terminator = 0;
+	opt.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
+
+	/* diff-tree init */
+	if (!opt.diffopt.output_format)
+		opt.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+
+	log_tree_commit(&opt, commit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We use the convention that exiting with an exit code 10 means that
+ * the bisection process finished successfully.
+ * In this case the calling shell script should exit 0.
+ */
+int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct commit_list *tried;
+	int reaches = 0, all = 0, nr, steps;
+	const unsigned char *bisect_rev;
+	char bisect_rev_hex[41];
+
+	if (read_bisect_refs())
+		die("reading bisect refs failed");
+
+	check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(prefix);
+
+	bisect_rev_setup(&revs, prefix, "%s", "^%s", 1);
+	revs.limited = 1;
+
+	bisect_common(&revs);
+
+	revs.commits = find_bisection(revs.commits, &reaches, &all,
+				       !!skipped_revs.sha1_nr);
+	revs.commits = managed_skipped(revs.commits, &tried);
+
+	if (!revs.commits) {
+		/*
+		 * We should exit here only if the "bad"
+		 * commit is also a "skip" commit.
+		 */
+		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, NULL);
+
+		printf("%s was both good and bad\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(current_bad_sha1));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	bisect_rev = revs.commits->item->object.sha1;
+	memcpy(bisect_rev_hex, sha1_to_hex(bisect_rev), 41);
+
+	if (!hashcmp(bisect_rev, current_bad_sha1)) {
+		exit_if_skipped_commits(tried, current_bad_sha1);
+		printf("%s is the first bad commit\n", bisect_rev_hex);
+		show_diff_tree(prefix, revs.commits->item);
+		/* This means the bisection process succeeded. */
+		exit(10);
+	}
+
+	nr = all - reaches - 1;
+	steps = estimate_bisect_steps(all);
+	printf("Bisecting: %d revision%s left to test after this "
+	       "(roughly %d step%s)\n", nr, (nr == 1 ? "" : "s"),
+	       steps, (steps == 1 ? "" : "s"));
+
+	return bisect_checkout(bisect_rev_hex);
+}
+
diff --git a/bisect.h b/bisect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0862ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bisect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef BISECT_H
+#define BISECT_H
+
+extern struct commit_list *find_bisection(struct commit_list *list,
+					  int *reaches, int *all,
+					  int find_all);
+
+extern struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
+					  struct commit_list **tried,
+					  int show_all,
+					  int *count,
+					  int *skipped_first);
+
+extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+			      const char *format_cur,
+			      const char *format_last);
+
+/* bisect_show_flags flags in struct rev_list_info */
+#define BISECT_SHOW_ALL		(1<<0)
+#define BISECT_SHOW_TRIED	(1<<1)
+
+struct rev_list_info {
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+	int bisect_show_flags;
+	int show_timestamp;
+	int hdr_termination;
+	const char *header_prefix;
+};
+
+extern int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix);
+
+extern int estimate_bisect_steps(int all);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/blob.c b/blob.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae320bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blob.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+
+const char *blob_type = "blob";
+
+struct blob *lookup_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_BLOB, alloc_blob_node());
+	if (!obj->type)
+		obj->type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	if (obj->type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		error("Object %s is a %s, not a blob",
+		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return (struct blob *) obj;
+}
+
+int parse_blob_buffer(struct blob *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	item->object.parsed = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/blob.h b/blob.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59b394e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blob.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef BLOB_H
+#define BLOB_H
+
+#include "object.h"
+
+extern const char *blob_type;
+
+struct blob {
+	struct object object;
+};
+
+struct blob *lookup_blob(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+int parse_blob_buffer(struct blob *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+/**
+ * Blobs do not contain references to other objects and do not have
+ * structured data that needs parsing. However, code may use the
+ * "parsed" bit in the struct object for a blob to determine whether
+ * its content has been found to actually be available, so
+ * parse_blob_buffer() is used (by object.c) to flag that the object
+ * has been read successfully from the database.
+ **/
+
+#endif /* BLOB_H */
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.c b/block-sha1/sha1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d893475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+/*
+ * SHA1 routine optimized to do word accesses rather than byte accesses,
+ * and to avoid unnecessary copies into the context array.
+ *
+ * This was initially based on the Mozilla SHA1 implementation, although
+ * none of the original Mozilla code remains.
+ */
+
+/* this is only to get definitions for memcpy(), ntohl() and htonl() */
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+#include "sha1.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
+
+/*
+ * Force usage of rol or ror by selecting the one with the smaller constant.
+ * It _can_ generate slightly smaller code (a constant of 1 is special), but
+ * perhaps more importantly it's possibly faster on any uarch that does a
+ * rotate with a loop.
+ */
+
+#define SHA_ASM(op, x, n) ({ unsigned int __res; __asm__(op " %1,%0":"=r" (__res):"i" (n), "0" (x)); __res; })
+#define SHA_ROL(x,n)	SHA_ASM("rol", x, n)
+#define SHA_ROR(x,n)	SHA_ASM("ror", x, n)
+
+#else
+
+#define SHA_ROT(X,l,r)	(((X) << (l)) | ((X) >> (r)))
+#define SHA_ROL(X,n)	SHA_ROT(X,n,32-(n))
+#define SHA_ROR(X,n)	SHA_ROT(X,32-(n),n)
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * If you have 32 registers or more, the compiler can (and should)
+ * try to change the array[] accesses into registers. However, on
+ * machines with less than ~25 registers, that won't really work,
+ * and at least gcc will make an unholy mess of it.
+ *
+ * So to avoid that mess which just slows things down, we force
+ * the stores to memory to actually happen (we might be better off
+ * with a 'W(t)=(val);asm("":"+m" (W(t))' there instead, as
+ * suggested by Artur Skawina - that will also make gcc unable to
+ * try to do the silly "optimize away loads" part because it won't
+ * see what the value will be).
+ *
+ * Ben Herrenschmidt reports that on PPC, the C version comes close
+ * to the optimized asm with this (ie on PPC you don't want that
+ * 'volatile', since there are lots of registers).
+ *
+ * On ARM we get the best code generation by forcing a full memory barrier
+ * between each SHA_ROUND, otherwise gcc happily get wild with spilling and
+ * the stack frame size simply explode and performance goes down the drain.
+ */
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+  #define setW(x, val) (*(volatile unsigned int *)&W(x) = (val))
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__arm__)
+  #define setW(x, val) do { W(x) = (val); __asm__("":::"memory"); } while (0)
+#else
+  #define setW(x, val) (W(x) = (val))
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Performance might be improved if the CPU architecture is OK with
+ * unaligned 32-bit loads and a fast ntohl() is available.
+ * Otherwise fall back to byte loads and shifts which is portable,
+ * and is faster on architectures with memory alignment issues.
+ */
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
+    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || \
+    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || \
+    defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__)
+
+#define get_be32(p)	ntohl(*(unsigned int *)(p))
+#define put_be32(p, v)	do { *(unsigned int *)(p) = htonl(v); } while (0)
+
+#else
+
+#define get_be32(p)	( \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 24) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 16) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) <<  8) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) <<  0) )
+#define put_be32(p, v)	do { \
+	unsigned int __v = (v); \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) = __v >> 24; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) = __v >> 16; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) = __v >>  8; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) = __v >>  0; } while (0)
+
+#endif
+
+/* This "rolls" over the 512-bit array */
+#define W(x) (array[(x)&15])
+
+/*
+ * Where do we get the source from? The first 16 iterations get it from
+ * the input data, the next mix it from the 512-bit array.
+ */
+#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32(data + t)
+#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W(t+13) ^ W(t+8) ^ W(t+2) ^ W(t), 1)
+
+#define SHA_ROUND(t, input, fn, constant, A, B, C, D, E) do { \
+	unsigned int TEMP = input(t); setW(t, TEMP); \
+	E += TEMP + SHA_ROL(A,5) + (fn) + (constant); \
+	B = SHA_ROR(B, 2); } while (0)
+
+#define T_0_15(t, A, B, C, D, E)  SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_SRC, (((C^D)&B)^D) , 0x5a827999, A, B, C, D, E )
+#define T_16_19(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, (((C^D)&B)^D) , 0x5a827999, A, B, C, D, E )
+#define T_20_39(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, (B^C^D) , 0x6ed9eba1, A, B, C, D, E )
+#define T_40_59(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, ((B&C)+(D&(B^C))) , 0x8f1bbcdc, A, B, C, D, E )
+#define T_60_79(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, (B^C^D) ,  0xca62c1d6, A, B, C, D, E )
+
+static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const unsigned int *data)
+{
+	unsigned int A,B,C,D,E;
+	unsigned int array[16];
+
+	A = ctx->H[0];
+	B = ctx->H[1];
+	C = ctx->H[2];
+	D = ctx->H[3];
+	E = ctx->H[4];
+
+	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'data' */
+	T_0_15( 0, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_0_15( 1, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_0_15( 2, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_0_15( 3, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_0_15( 4, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_0_15( 5, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_0_15( 6, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_0_15( 7, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_0_15( 8, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_0_15( 9, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_0_15(10, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_0_15(11, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_0_15(12, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_0_15(13, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_0_15(14, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_0_15(15, A, B, C, D, E);
+
+	/* Round 1 - tail. Input from 512-bit mixing array */
+	T_16_19(16, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_16_19(17, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_16_19(18, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_16_19(19, B, C, D, E, A);
+
+	/* Round 2 */
+	T_20_39(20, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_20_39(21, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_20_39(22, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_20_39(23, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_20_39(24, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_20_39(25, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_20_39(26, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_20_39(27, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_20_39(28, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_20_39(29, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_20_39(30, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_20_39(31, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_20_39(32, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_20_39(33, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_20_39(34, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_20_39(35, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_20_39(36, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_20_39(37, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_20_39(38, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_20_39(39, B, C, D, E, A);
+
+	/* Round 3 */
+	T_40_59(40, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_40_59(41, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_40_59(42, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_40_59(43, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_40_59(44, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_40_59(45, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_40_59(46, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_40_59(47, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_40_59(48, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_40_59(49, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_40_59(50, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_40_59(51, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_40_59(52, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_40_59(53, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_40_59(54, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_40_59(55, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_40_59(56, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_40_59(57, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_40_59(58, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_40_59(59, B, C, D, E, A);
+
+	/* Round 4 */
+	T_60_79(60, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_60_79(61, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_60_79(62, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_60_79(63, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_60_79(64, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_60_79(65, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_60_79(66, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_60_79(67, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_60_79(68, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_60_79(69, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_60_79(70, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_60_79(71, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_60_79(72, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_60_79(73, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_60_79(74, B, C, D, E, A);
+	T_60_79(75, A, B, C, D, E);
+	T_60_79(76, E, A, B, C, D);
+	T_60_79(77, D, E, A, B, C);
+	T_60_79(78, C, D, E, A, B);
+	T_60_79(79, B, C, D, E, A);
+
+	ctx->H[0] += A;
+	ctx->H[1] += B;
+	ctx->H[2] += C;
+	ctx->H[3] += D;
+	ctx->H[4] += E;
+}
+
+void blk_SHA1_Init(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx)
+{
+	ctx->size = 0;
+
+	/* Initialize H with the magic constants (see FIPS180 for constants) */
+	ctx->H[0] = 0x67452301;
+	ctx->H[1] = 0xefcdab89;
+	ctx->H[2] = 0x98badcfe;
+	ctx->H[3] = 0x10325476;
+	ctx->H[4] = 0xc3d2e1f0;
+}
+
+void blk_SHA1_Update(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const void *data, unsigned long len)
+{
+	int lenW = ctx->size & 63;
+
+	ctx->size += len;
+
+	/* Read the data into W and process blocks as they get full */
+	if (lenW) {
+		int left = 64 - lenW;
+		if (len < left)
+			left = len;
+		memcpy(lenW + (char *)ctx->W, data, left);
+		lenW = (lenW + left) & 63;
+		len -= left;
+		data = ((const char *)data + left);
+		if (lenW)
+			return;
+		blk_SHA1_Block(ctx, ctx->W);
+	}
+	while (len >= 64) {
+		blk_SHA1_Block(ctx, data);
+		data = ((const char *)data + 64);
+		len -= 64;
+	}
+	if (len)
+		memcpy(ctx->W, data, len);
+}
+
+void blk_SHA1_Final(unsigned char hashout[20], blk_SHA_CTX *ctx)
+{
+	static const unsigned char pad[64] = { 0x80 };
+	unsigned int padlen[2];
+	int i;
+
+	/* Pad with a binary 1 (ie 0x80), then zeroes, then length */
+	padlen[0] = htonl(ctx->size >> 29);
+	padlen[1] = htonl(ctx->size << 3);
+
+	i = ctx->size & 63;
+	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1+ (63 & (55 - i)));
+	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, padlen, 8);
+
+	/* Output hash */
+	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+		put_be32(hashout + i*4, ctx->H[i]);
+}
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.h b/block-sha1/sha1.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b864df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * SHA1 routine optimized to do word accesses rather than byte accesses,
+ * and to avoid unnecessary copies into the context array.
+ *
+ * This was initially based on the Mozilla SHA1 implementation, although
+ * none of the original Mozilla code remains.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned long long size;
+	unsigned int H[5];
+	unsigned int W[16];
+} blk_SHA_CTX;
+
+void blk_SHA1_Init(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx);
+void blk_SHA1_Update(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const void *dataIn, unsigned long len);
+void blk_SHA1_Final(unsigned char hashout[20], blk_SHA_CTX *ctx);
+
+#define git_SHA_CTX	blk_SHA_CTX
+#define git_SHA1_Init	blk_SHA1_Init
+#define git_SHA1_Update	blk_SHA1_Update
+#define git_SHA1_Final	blk_SHA1_Final
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e1f63e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+
+struct tracking {
+	struct refspec spec;
+	char *src;
+	const char *remote;
+	int matches;
+};
+
+static int find_tracked_branch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
+{
+	struct tracking *tracking = priv;
+
+	if (!remote_find_tracking(remote, &tracking->spec)) {
+		if (++tracking->matches == 1) {
+			tracking->src = tracking->spec.src;
+			tracking->remote = remote->name;
+		} else {
+			free(tracking->spec.src);
+			if (tracking->src) {
+				free(tracking->src);
+				tracking->src = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+		tracking->spec.src = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int should_setup_rebase(const char *origin)
+{
+	switch (autorebase) {
+	case AUTOREBASE_NEVER:
+		return 0;
+	case AUTOREBASE_LOCAL:
+		return origin == NULL;
+	case AUTOREBASE_REMOTE:
+		return origin != NULL;
+	case AUTOREBASE_ALWAYS:
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote)
+{
+	const char *shortname = remote + 11;
+	int remote_is_branch = !prefixcmp(remote, "refs/heads/");
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int rebasing = should_setup_rebase(origin);
+
+	if (remote_is_branch
+	    && !strcmp(local, shortname)
+	    && !origin) {
+		warning("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream.",
+			local);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.remote", local);
+	git_config_set(key.buf, origin ? origin : ".");
+
+	strbuf_reset(&key);
+	strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.merge", local);
+	git_config_set(key.buf, remote);
+
+	if (rebasing) {
+		strbuf_reset(&key);
+		strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.rebase", local);
+		git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
+	}
+
+	if (flag & BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE) {
+		strbuf_reset(&key);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&key, origin ? "remote" : "local");
+
+		/* Are we tracking a proper "branch"? */
+		if (remote_is_branch) {
+			strbuf_addf(&key, " branch %s", shortname);
+			if (origin)
+				strbuf_addf(&key, " from %s", origin);
+		}
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&key, " ref %s", remote);
+		printf("Branch %s set up to track %s%s.\n",
+		       local, key.buf,
+		       rebasing ? " by rebasing" : "");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is called when new_ref is branched off of orig_ref, and tries
+ * to infer the settings for branch.<new_ref>.{remote,merge} from the
+ * config.
+ */
+static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
+                          enum branch_track track)
+{
+	struct tracking tracking;
+
+	if (strlen(new_ref) > 1024 - 7 - 7 - 1)
+		return error("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s",
+				new_ref);
+
+	memset(&tracking, 0, sizeof(tracking));
+	tracking.spec.dst = (char *)orig_ref;
+	if (for_each_remote(find_tracked_branch, &tracking))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!tracking.matches)
+		switch (track) {
+		case BRANCH_TRACK_ALWAYS:
+		case BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT:
+		case BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+	if (tracking.matches > 1)
+		return error("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s",
+				orig_ref);
+
+	install_branch_config(BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE, new_ref, tracking.remote,
+			      tracking.src ? tracking.src : orig_ref);
+
+	free(tracking.src);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void create_branch(const char *head,
+		   const char *name, const char *start_name,
+		   int force, int reflog, enum branch_track track)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock = NULL;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *real_ref, msg[PATH_MAX + 20];
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int forcing = 0;
+	int dont_change_ref = 0;
+	int explicit_tracking = 0;
+
+	if (track == BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT || track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE)
+		explicit_tracking = 1;
+
+	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&ref, name))
+		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+
+	if (resolve_ref(ref.buf, sha1, 1, NULL)) {
+		if (!force && track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE)
+			dont_change_ref = 1;
+		else if (!force)
+			die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", name);
+		else if (!is_bare_repository() && !strcmp(head, name))
+			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+		forcing = 1;
+	}
+
+	real_ref = NULL;
+	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+
+	switch (dwim_ref(start_name, strlen(start_name), sha1, &real_ref)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Not branching from any existing branch */
+		if (explicit_tracking)
+			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		/* Unique completion -- good, only if it is a real ref */
+		if (explicit_tracking && !strcmp(real_ref, "HEAD"))
+			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("Ambiguous object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if ((commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
+		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start_name);
+	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+
+	if (!dont_change_ref) {
+		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0);
+		if (!lock)
+			die_errno("Failed to lock ref for update");
+	}
+
+	if (reflog)
+		log_all_ref_updates = 1;
+
+	if (forcing)
+		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Reset from %s",
+			 start_name);
+	else if (!dont_change_ref)
+		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Created from %s",
+			 start_name);
+
+	if (real_ref && track)
+		setup_tracking(name, real_ref, track);
+
+	if (!dont_change_ref)
+		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
+			die_errno("Failed to write ref");
+
+	strbuf_release(&ref);
+	free(real_ref);
+}
+
+void remove_branch_state(void)
+{
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_RR"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+	unlink(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
+}
diff --git a/branch.h b/branch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eed817a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/branch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef BRANCH_H
+#define BRANCH_H
+
+/* Functions for acting on the information about branches. */
+
+/*
+ * Creates a new branch, where head is the branch currently checked
+ * out, name is the new branch name, start_name is the name of the
+ * existing branch that the new branch should start from, force
+ * enables overwriting an existing (non-head) branch, reflog creates a
+ * reflog for the branch, and track causes the new branch to be
+ * configured to merge the remote branch that start_name is a tracking
+ * branch for (if any).
+ */
+void create_branch(const char *head, const char *name, const char *start_name,
+		   int force, int reflog, enum branch_track track);
+
+/*
+ * Remove information about the state of working on the current
+ * branch. (E.g., MERGE_HEAD)
+ */
+void remove_branch_state(void);
+
+/*
+ * Configure local branch "local" to merge remote branch "remote"
+ * taken from origin "origin".
+ */
+#define BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE 01
+extern void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/builtin-add.c b/builtin-add.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2705f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+/*
+ * "git add" builtin command
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Linus Torvalds
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
+	"git add [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	NULL
+};
+static int patch_interactive, add_interactive, edit_interactive;
+static int take_worktree_changes;
+
+struct update_callback_data
+{
+	int flags;
+	int add_errors;
+};
+
+static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+			    struct diff_options *opt, void *cbdata)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct update_callback_data *data = cbdata;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		const char *path = p->one->path;
+		switch (p->status) {
+		default:
+			die("unexpected diff status %c", p->status);
+		case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
+			/*
+			 * ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL is unset if "git
+			 * add -u" is calling us, In such a case, a
+			 * missing work tree file needs to be removed
+			 * if there is an unmerged entry at stage #2,
+			 * but such a diff record is followed by
+			 * another with DIFF_STATUS_DELETED (and if
+			 * there is no stage #2, we won't see DELETED
+			 * nor MODIFIED).  We can simply continue
+			 * either way.
+			 */
+			if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL))
+				continue;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, it is "git add path" is asking
+			 * to explicitly add it; we fall through.  A
+			 * missing work tree file is an error and is
+			 * caught by add_file_to_index() in such a
+			 * case.
+			 */
+		case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
+			if (add_file_to_index(&the_index, path, data->flags)) {
+				if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS))
+					die("updating files failed");
+				data->add_errors++;
+			}
+			break;
+		case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+			if (data->flags & ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL)
+				break;
+			if (!(data->flags & ADD_CACHE_PRETEND))
+				remove_file_from_index(&the_index, path);
+			if (data->flags & (ADD_CACHE_PRETEND|ADD_CACHE_VERBOSE))
+				printf("remove '%s'\n", path);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+{
+	struct update_callback_data data;
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+	rev.prune_data = pathspec;
+	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback = update_callback;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.add_errors = 0;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
+	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
+	return !!data.add_errors;
+}
+
+static void fill_pathspec_matches(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs)
+{
+	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
+	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
+	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
+	 * anything.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
+		if (!seen[i])
+			num_unmatched++;
+	if (!num_unmatched)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
+	}
+}
+
+static void prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec, int prefix)
+{
+	char *seen;
+	int i, specs;
+	struct dir_entry **src, **dst;
+
+	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
+		/* nothing */;
+	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+
+	src = dst = dir->entries;
+	i = dir->nr;
+	while (--i >= 0) {
+		struct dir_entry *entry = *src++;
+		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
+				   prefix, seen))
+			*dst++ = entry;
+	}
+	dir->nr = dst - dir->entries;
+	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, specs);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++) {
+		if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0] && !file_exists(pathspec[i]))
+			die("pathspec '%s' did not match any files",
+					pathspec[i]);
+	}
+        free(seen);
+}
+
+static void treat_gitlinks(const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+			int len = ce_namelen(ce), j;
+			for (j = 0; pathspec[j]; j++) {
+				int len2 = strlen(pathspec[j]);
+				if (len2 <= len || pathspec[j][len] != '/' ||
+				    memcmp(ce->name, pathspec[j], len))
+					continue;
+				if (len2 == len + 1)
+					/* strip trailing slash */
+					pathspec[j] = xstrndup(ce->name, len);
+				else
+					die ("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'",
+						pathspec[j], len, ce->name);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void refresh(int verbose, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	char *seen;
+	int i, specs;
+
+	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
+		/* nothing */;
+	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, verbose ? REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN : REFRESH_QUIET,
+		      pathspec, seen, "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:");
+	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++) {
+		if (!seen[i])
+			die("pathspec '%s' did not match any files", pathspec[i]);
+	}
+        free(seen);
+}
+
+static const char **validate_pathspec(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+	if (pathspec) {
+		const char **p;
+		for (p = pathspec; *p; p++) {
+			if (has_symlink_leading_path(*p, strlen(*p))) {
+				int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+				die("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link", *p + len);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pathspec;
+}
+
+int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
+			const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int status, ac, pc = 0;
+	const char **args;
+
+	if (pathspec)
+		while (pathspec[pc])
+			pc++;
+
+	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pc + 5));
+	ac = 0;
+	args[ac++] = "add--interactive";
+	if (patch_mode)
+		args[ac++] = patch_mode;
+	if (revision)
+		args[ac++] = revision;
+	args[ac++] = "--";
+	if (pc) {
+		memcpy(&(args[ac]), pathspec, sizeof(const char *) * pc);
+		ac += pc;
+	}
+	args[ac] = NULL;
+
+	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	free(args);
+	return status;
+}
+
+int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+
+	if (argc) {
+		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
+		if (!pathspec)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return run_add_interactive(NULL,
+				   patch_interactive ? "--patch" : NULL,
+				   pathspec);
+}
+
+static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	char *file = xstrdup(git_path("ADD_EDIT.patch"));
+	const char *apply_argv[] = { "apply", "--recount", "--cached",
+		file, NULL };
+	struct child_process child;
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	int out;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die ("Could not read the index");
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	rev.diffopt.context = 7;
+
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+	if (out < 0)
+		die ("Could not open '%s' for writing.", file);
+	rev.diffopt.file = xfdopen(out, "w");
+	rev.diffopt.close_file = 1;
+	if (run_diff_files(&rev, 0))
+		die ("Could not write patch");
+
+	launch_editor(file, NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (stat(file, &st))
+		die_errno("Could not stat '%s'", file);
+	if (!st.st_size)
+		die("Empty patch. Aborted.");
+
+	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	child.argv = apply_argv;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		die ("Could not apply '%s'", file);
+
+	unlink(file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
+
+static const char ignore_error[] =
+"The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n";
+
+static int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, ignored_too = 0, refresh_only = 0;
+static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add;
+
+static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+	OPT_GROUP(""),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, "interactive picking"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "interactive patching"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, "edit current diff and apply"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &ignored_too, "allow adding otherwise ignored files"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, "update tracked files"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, "record only the fact that the path will be added later"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, "add all, noticing removal of tracked files"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, "don't add, only refresh the index"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"),
+	OPT_END(),
+};
+
+static int add_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "add.ignore-errors")) {
+		ignore_add_errors = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags)
+{
+	int i, exit_status = 0;
+
+	if (dir->ignored_nr) {
+		fprintf(stderr, ignore_error);
+		for (i = 0; i < dir->ignored_nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", dir->ignored[i]->name);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n");
+		die("no files added");
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++)
+		if (add_file_to_cache(dir->entries[i]->name, flags)) {
+			if (!ignore_add_errors)
+				die("adding files failed");
+			exit_status = 1;
+		}
+	return exit_status;
+}
+
+int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int exit_status = 0;
+	int newfd;
+	const char **pathspec;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	int flags;
+	int add_new_files;
+	int require_pathspec;
+
+	git_config(add_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_add_options,
+			  builtin_add_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	if (patch_interactive)
+		add_interactive = 1;
+	if (add_interactive)
+		exit(interactive_add(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix));
+
+	if (edit_interactive)
+		return(edit_patch(argc, argv, prefix));
+	argc--;
+	argv++;
+
+	if (addremove && take_worktree_changes)
+		die("-A and -u are mutually incompatible");
+	if ((addremove || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
+		static const char *here[2] = { ".", NULL };
+		argc = 1;
+		argv = here;
+	}
+
+	add_new_files = !take_worktree_changes && !refresh_only;
+	require_pathspec = !take_worktree_changes;
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+
+	flags = ((verbose ? ADD_CACHE_VERBOSE : 0) |
+		 (show_only ? ADD_CACHE_PRETEND : 0) |
+		 (intent_to_add ? ADD_CACHE_INTENT : 0) |
+		 (ignore_add_errors ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS : 0) |
+		 (!(addremove || take_worktree_changes)
+		  ? ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL : 0));
+
+	if (require_pathspec && argc == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+	treat_gitlinks(pathspec);
+
+	if (add_new_files) {
+		int baselen;
+
+		/* Set up the default git porcelain excludes */
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		if (!ignored_too) {
+			dir.flags |= DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED;
+			setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+		}
+
+		/* This picks up the paths that are not tracked */
+		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
+		if (pathspec)
+			prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen);
+	}
+
+	if (refresh_only) {
+		refresh(verbose, pathspec);
+		goto finish;
+	}
+
+	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, pathspec, flags);
+
+	if (add_new_files)
+		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags);
+
+ finish:
+	if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	}
+
+	return exit_status;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-annotate.c b/builtin-annotate.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc43eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-annotate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * "git annotate" builtin alias
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Ryan Anderson
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char **nargv;
+	int i;
+	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc + 2));
+
+	nargv[0] = "annotate";
+	nargv[1] = "-c";
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		nargv[i+1] = argv[i];
+	}
+	nargv[argc + 1] = NULL;
+
+	return cmd_blame(argc + 1, nargv, prefix);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-apply.c b/builtin-apply.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a1004d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-apply.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3670 @@
+/*
+ * apply.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ *
+ * This applies patches on top of some (arbitrary) version of the SCM.
+ *
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+/*
+ *  --check turns on checking that the working tree matches the
+ *    files that are being modified, but doesn't apply the patch
+ *  --stat does just a diffstat, and doesn't actually apply
+ *  --numstat does numeric diffstat, and doesn't actually apply
+ *  --index-info shows the old and new index info for paths if available.
+ *  --index updates the cache as well.
+ *  --cached updates only the cache without ever touching the working tree.
+ */
+static const char *prefix;
+static int prefix_length = -1;
+static int newfd = -1;
+
+static int unidiff_zero;
+static int p_value = 1;
+static int p_value_known;
+static int check_index;
+static int update_index;
+static int cached;
+static int diffstat;
+static int numstat;
+static int summary;
+static int check;
+static int apply = 1;
+static int apply_in_reverse;
+static int apply_with_reject;
+static int apply_verbosely;
+static int no_add;
+static const char *fake_ancestor;
+static int line_termination = '\n';
+static unsigned int p_context = UINT_MAX;
+static const char * const apply_usage[] = {
+	"git apply [options] [<patch>...]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static enum ws_error_action {
+	nowarn_ws_error,
+	warn_on_ws_error,
+	die_on_ws_error,
+	correct_ws_error,
+} ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
+static int whitespace_error;
+static int squelch_whitespace_errors = 5;
+static int applied_after_fixing_ws;
+
+static enum ws_ignore {
+	ignore_ws_none,
+	ignore_ws_change,
+} ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+
+
+static const char *patch_input_file;
+static const char *root;
+static int root_len;
+static int read_stdin = 1;
+static int options;
+
+static void parse_whitespace_option(const char *option)
+{
+	if (!option) {
+		ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(option, "warn")) {
+		ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(option, "nowarn")) {
+		ws_error_action = nowarn_ws_error;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(option, "error")) {
+		ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(option, "error-all")) {
+		ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
+		squelch_whitespace_errors = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(option, "strip") || !strcmp(option, "fix")) {
+		ws_error_action = correct_ws_error;
+		return;
+	}
+	die("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'", option);
+}
+
+static void parse_ignorewhitespace_option(const char *option)
+{
+	if (!option || !strcmp(option, "no") ||
+	    !strcmp(option, "false") || !strcmp(option, "never") ||
+	    !strcmp(option, "none")) {
+		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(option, "change")) {
+		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
+		return;
+	}
+	die("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'", option);
+}
+
+static void set_default_whitespace_mode(const char *whitespace_option)
+{
+	if (!whitespace_option && !apply_default_whitespace)
+		ws_error_action = (apply ? warn_on_ws_error : nowarn_ws_error);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For "diff-stat" like behaviour, we keep track of the biggest change
+ * we've seen, and the longest filename. That allows us to do simple
+ * scaling.
+ */
+static int max_change, max_len;
+
+/*
+ * Various "current state", notably line numbers and what
+ * file (and how) we're patching right now.. The "is_xxxx"
+ * things are flags, where -1 means "don't know yet".
+ */
+static int linenr = 1;
+
+/*
+ * This represents one "hunk" from a patch, starting with
+ * "@@ -oldpos,oldlines +newpos,newlines @@" marker.  The
+ * patch text is pointed at by patch, and its byte length
+ * is stored in size.  leading and trailing are the number
+ * of context lines.
+ */
+struct fragment {
+	unsigned long leading, trailing;
+	unsigned long oldpos, oldlines;
+	unsigned long newpos, newlines;
+	const char *patch;
+	int size;
+	int rejected;
+	int linenr;
+	struct fragment *next;
+};
+
+/*
+ * When dealing with a binary patch, we reuse "leading" field
+ * to store the type of the binary hunk, either deflated "delta"
+ * or deflated "literal".
+ */
+#define binary_patch_method leading
+#define BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED	1
+#define BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED 2
+
+/*
+ * This represents a "patch" to a file, both metainfo changes
+ * such as creation/deletion, filemode and content changes represented
+ * as a series of fragments.
+ */
+struct patch {
+	char *new_name, *old_name, *def_name;
+	unsigned int old_mode, new_mode;
+	int is_new, is_delete;	/* -1 = unknown, 0 = false, 1 = true */
+	int rejected;
+	unsigned ws_rule;
+	unsigned long deflate_origlen;
+	int lines_added, lines_deleted;
+	int score;
+	unsigned int is_toplevel_relative:1;
+	unsigned int inaccurate_eof:1;
+	unsigned int is_binary:1;
+	unsigned int is_copy:1;
+	unsigned int is_rename:1;
+	unsigned int recount:1;
+	struct fragment *fragments;
+	char *result;
+	size_t resultsize;
+	char old_sha1_prefix[41];
+	char new_sha1_prefix[41];
+	struct patch *next;
+};
+
+/*
+ * A line in a file, len-bytes long (includes the terminating LF,
+ * except for an incomplete line at the end if the file ends with
+ * one), and its contents hashes to 'hash'.
+ */
+struct line {
+	size_t len;
+	unsigned hash : 24;
+	unsigned flag : 8;
+#define LINE_COMMON     1
+};
+
+/*
+ * This represents a "file", which is an array of "lines".
+ */
+struct image {
+	char *buf;
+	size_t len;
+	size_t nr;
+	size_t alloc;
+	struct line *line_allocated;
+	struct line *line;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Records filenames that have been touched, in order to handle
+ * the case where more than one patches touch the same file.
+ */
+
+static struct string_list fn_table;
+
+static uint32_t hash_line(const char *cp, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	uint32_t h;
+	for (i = 0, h = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (!isspace(cp[i])) {
+			h = h * 3 + (cp[i] & 0xff);
+		}
+	}
+	return h;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare lines s1 of length n1 and s2 of length n2, ignoring
+ * whitespace difference. Returns 1 if they match, 0 otherwise
+ */
+static int fuzzy_matchlines(const char *s1, size_t n1,
+			    const char *s2, size_t n2)
+{
+	const char *last1 = s1 + n1 - 1;
+	const char *last2 = s2 + n2 - 1;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	if (n1 < 0 || n2 < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* ignore line endings */
+	while ((*last1 == '\r') || (*last1 == '\n'))
+		last1--;
+	while ((*last2 == '\r') || (*last2 == '\n'))
+		last2--;
+
+	/* skip leading whitespace */
+	while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
+		s1++;
+	while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
+		s2++;
+	/* early return if both lines are empty */
+	if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
+		return 1;
+	while (!result) {
+		result = *s1++ - *s2++;
+		/*
+		 * Skip whitespace inside. We check for whitespace on
+		 * both buffers because we don't want "a b" to match
+		 * "ab"
+		 */
+		if (isspace(*s1) && isspace(*s2)) {
+			while (isspace(*s1) && s1 <= last1)
+				s1++;
+			while (isspace(*s2) && s2 <= last2)
+				s2++;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If we reached the end on one side only,
+		 * lines don't match
+		 */
+		if (
+		    ((s2 > last2) && (s1 <= last1)) ||
+		    ((s1 > last1) && (s2 <= last2)))
+			return 0;
+		if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return !result;
+}
+
+static void add_line_info(struct image *img, const char *bol, size_t len, unsigned flag)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(img->line_allocated, img->nr + 1, img->alloc);
+	img->line_allocated[img->nr].len = len;
+	img->line_allocated[img->nr].hash = hash_line(bol, len);
+	img->line_allocated[img->nr].flag = flag;
+	img->nr++;
+}
+
+static void prepare_image(struct image *image, char *buf, size_t len,
+			  int prepare_linetable)
+{
+	const char *cp, *ep;
+
+	memset(image, 0, sizeof(*image));
+	image->buf = buf;
+	image->len = len;
+
+	if (!prepare_linetable)
+		return;
+
+	ep = image->buf + image->len;
+	cp = image->buf;
+	while (cp < ep) {
+		const char *next;
+		for (next = cp; next < ep && *next != '\n'; next++)
+			;
+		if (next < ep)
+			next++;
+		add_line_info(image, cp, next - cp, 0);
+		cp = next;
+	}
+	image->line = image->line_allocated;
+}
+
+static void clear_image(struct image *image)
+{
+	free(image->buf);
+	image->buf = NULL;
+	image->len = 0;
+}
+
+static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *pre,
+			   struct patch *patch, const char *post)
+{
+	fputs(pre, output);
+	if (patch->old_name && patch->new_name &&
+	    strcmp(patch->old_name, patch->new_name)) {
+		quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, output, 0);
+		fputs(" => ", output);
+		quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, output, 0);
+	} else {
+		const char *n = patch->new_name;
+		if (!n)
+			n = patch->old_name;
+		quote_c_style(n, NULL, output, 0);
+	}
+	fputs(post, output);
+}
+
+#define CHUNKSIZE (8192)
+#define SLOP (16)
+
+static void read_patch_file(struct strbuf *sb, int fd)
+{
+	if (strbuf_read(sb, fd, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno("git apply: failed to read");
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that we have some slop in the buffer
+	 * so that we can do speculative "memcmp" etc, and
+	 * see to it that it is NUL-filled.
+	 */
+	strbuf_grow(sb, SLOP);
+	memset(sb->buf + sb->len, 0, SLOP);
+}
+
+static unsigned long linelen(const char *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	unsigned long len = 0;
+	while (size--) {
+		len++;
+		if (*buffer++ == '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+static int is_dev_null(const char *str)
+{
+	return !memcmp("/dev/null", str, 9) && isspace(str[9]);
+}
+
+#define TERM_SPACE	1
+#define TERM_TAB	2
+
+static int name_terminate(const char *name, int namelen, int c, int terminate)
+{
+	if (c == ' ' && !(terminate & TERM_SPACE))
+		return 0;
+	if (c == '\t' && !(terminate & TERM_TAB))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* remove double slashes to make --index work with such filenames */
+static char *squash_slash(char *name)
+{
+	int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return NULL;
+
+	while (name[i]) {
+		if ((name[j++] = name[i++]) == '/')
+			while (name[i] == '/')
+				i++;
+	}
+	name[j] = '\0';
+	return name;
+}
+
+static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
+{
+	int len;
+	const char *start = NULL;
+
+	if (p_value == 0)
+		start = line;
+
+	if (*line == '"') {
+		struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		/*
+		 * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
+		 * http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
+		 */
+		if (!unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			for (cp = name.buf; p_value; p_value--) {
+				cp = strchr(cp, '/');
+				if (!cp)
+					break;
+				cp++;
+			}
+			if (cp) {
+				/* name can later be freed, so we need
+				 * to memmove, not just return cp
+				 */
+				strbuf_remove(&name, 0, cp - name.buf);
+				free(def);
+				if (root)
+					strbuf_insert(&name, 0, root, root_len);
+				return squash_slash(strbuf_detach(&name, NULL));
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&name);
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		char c = *line;
+
+		if (isspace(c)) {
+			if (c == '\n')
+				break;
+			if (name_terminate(start, line-start, c, terminate))
+				break;
+		}
+		line++;
+		if (c == '/' && !--p_value)
+			start = line;
+	}
+	if (!start)
+		return squash_slash(def);
+	len = line - start;
+	if (!len)
+		return squash_slash(def);
+
+	/*
+	 * Generally we prefer the shorter name, especially
+	 * if the other one is just a variation of that with
+	 * something else tacked on to the end (ie "file.orig"
+	 * or "file~").
+	 */
+	if (def) {
+		int deflen = strlen(def);
+		if (deflen < len && !strncmp(start, def, deflen))
+			return squash_slash(def);
+		free(def);
+	}
+
+	if (root) {
+		char *ret = xmalloc(root_len + len + 1);
+		strcpy(ret, root);
+		memcpy(ret + root_len, start, len);
+		ret[root_len + len] = '\0';
+		return squash_slash(ret);
+	}
+
+	return squash_slash(xmemdupz(start, len));
+}
+
+static int count_slashes(const char *cp)
+{
+	int cnt = 0;
+	char ch;
+
+	while ((ch = *cp++))
+		if (ch == '/')
+			cnt++;
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given the string after "--- " or "+++ ", guess the appropriate
+ * p_value for the given patch.
+ */
+static int guess_p_value(const char *nameline)
+{
+	char *name, *cp;
+	int val = -1;
+
+	if (is_dev_null(nameline))
+		return -1;
+	name = find_name(nameline, NULL, 0, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
+	if (!name)
+		return -1;
+	cp = strchr(name, '/');
+	if (!cp)
+		val = 0;
+	else if (prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * Does it begin with "a/$our-prefix" and such?  Then this is
+		 * very likely to apply to our directory.
+		 */
+		if (!strncmp(name, prefix, prefix_length))
+			val = count_slashes(prefix);
+		else {
+			cp++;
+			if (!strncmp(cp, prefix, prefix_length))
+				val = count_slashes(prefix) + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	free(name);
+	return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does the ---/+++ line has the POSIX timestamp after the last HT?
+ * GNU diff puts epoch there to signal a creation/deletion event.  Is
+ * this such a timestamp?
+ */
+static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We are only interested in epoch timestamp; any non-zero
+	 * fraction cannot be one, hence "(\.0+)?" in the regexp below.
+	 * For the same reason, the date must be either 1969-12-31 or
+	 * 1970-01-01, and the seconds part must be "00".
+	 */
+	const char stamp_regexp[] =
+		"^(1969-12-31|1970-01-01)"
+		" "
+		"[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:00(\\.0+)?"
+		" "
+		"([-+][0-2][0-9][0-5][0-9])\n";
+	const char *timestamp = NULL, *cp;
+	static regex_t *stamp;
+	regmatch_t m[10];
+	int zoneoffset;
+	int hourminute;
+	int status;
+
+	for (cp = nameline; *cp != '\n'; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '\t')
+			timestamp = cp + 1;
+	}
+	if (!timestamp)
+		return 0;
+	if (!stamp) {
+		stamp = xmalloc(sizeof(*stamp));
+		if (regcomp(stamp, stamp_regexp, REG_EXTENDED)) {
+			warning("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s",
+				stamp_regexp);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	status = regexec(stamp, timestamp, ARRAY_SIZE(m), m, 0);
+	if (status) {
+		if (status != REG_NOMATCH)
+			warning("regexec returned %d for input: %s",
+				status, timestamp);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	zoneoffset = strtol(timestamp + m[3].rm_so + 1, NULL, 10);
+	zoneoffset = (zoneoffset / 100) * 60 + (zoneoffset % 100);
+	if (timestamp[m[3].rm_so] == '-')
+		zoneoffset = -zoneoffset;
+
+	/*
+	 * YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss must be from either 1969-12-31
+	 * (west of GMT) or 1970-01-01 (east of GMT)
+	 */
+	if ((zoneoffset < 0 && memcmp(timestamp, "1969-12-31", 10)) ||
+	    (0 <= zoneoffset && memcmp(timestamp, "1970-01-01", 10)))
+		return 0;
+
+	hourminute = (strtol(timestamp + 11, NULL, 10) * 60 +
+		      strtol(timestamp + 14, NULL, 10) -
+		      zoneoffset);
+
+	return ((zoneoffset < 0 && hourminute == 1440) ||
+		(0 <= zoneoffset && !hourminute));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the name etc info from the ---/+++ lines of a traditional patch header
+ *
+ * FIXME! The end-of-filename heuristics are kind of screwy. For existing
+ * files, we can happily check the index for a match, but for creating a
+ * new file we should try to match whatever "patch" does. I have no idea.
+ */
+static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	char *name;
+
+	first += 4;	/* skip "--- " */
+	second += 4;	/* skip "+++ " */
+	if (!p_value_known) {
+		int p, q;
+		p = guess_p_value(first);
+		q = guess_p_value(second);
+		if (p < 0) p = q;
+		if (0 <= p && p == q) {
+			p_value = p;
+			p_value_known = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (is_dev_null(first)) {
+		patch->is_new = 1;
+		patch->is_delete = 0;
+		name = find_name(second, NULL, p_value, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
+		patch->new_name = name;
+	} else if (is_dev_null(second)) {
+		patch->is_new = 0;
+		patch->is_delete = 1;
+		name = find_name(first, NULL, p_value, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
+		patch->old_name = name;
+	} else {
+		name = find_name(first, NULL, p_value, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
+		name = find_name(second, name, p_value, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
+		if (has_epoch_timestamp(first)) {
+			patch->is_new = 1;
+			patch->is_delete = 0;
+			patch->new_name = name;
+		} else if (has_epoch_timestamp(second)) {
+			patch->is_new = 0;
+			patch->is_delete = 1;
+			patch->old_name = name;
+		} else {
+			patch->old_name = patch->new_name = name;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!name)
+		die("unable to find filename in patch at line %d", linenr);
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_hdrend(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We're anal about diff header consistency, to make
+ * sure that we don't end up having strange ambiguous
+ * patches floating around.
+ *
+ * As a result, gitdiff_{old|new}name() will check
+ * their names against any previous information, just
+ * to make sure..
+ */
+static char *gitdiff_verify_name(const char *line, int isnull, char *orig_name, const char *oldnew)
+{
+	if (!orig_name && !isnull)
+		return find_name(line, NULL, p_value, TERM_TAB);
+
+	if (orig_name) {
+		int len;
+		const char *name;
+		char *another;
+		name = orig_name;
+		len = strlen(name);
+		if (isnull)
+			die("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d", name, linenr);
+		another = find_name(line, NULL, p_value, TERM_TAB);
+		if (!another || memcmp(another, name, len + 1))
+			die("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent %s filename on line %d", oldnew, linenr);
+		free(another);
+		return orig_name;
+	}
+	else {
+		/* expect "/dev/null" */
+		if (memcmp("/dev/null", line, 9) || line[9] != '\n')
+			die("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d", linenr);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_oldname(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->old_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_new, patch->old_name, "old");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_newname(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->new_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_delete, patch->new_name, "new");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_oldmode(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->old_mode = strtoul(line, NULL, 8);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_newmode(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->new_mode = strtoul(line, NULL, 8);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_delete(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->is_delete = 1;
+	patch->old_name = patch->def_name;
+	return gitdiff_oldmode(line, patch);
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_newfile(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->is_new = 1;
+	patch->new_name = patch->def_name;
+	return gitdiff_newmode(line, patch);
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_copysrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->is_copy = 1;
+	patch->old_name = find_name(line, NULL, 0, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_copydst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->is_copy = 1;
+	patch->new_name = find_name(line, NULL, 0, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_renamesrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->is_rename = 1;
+	patch->old_name = find_name(line, NULL, 0, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_renamedst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	patch->is_rename = 1;
+	patch->new_name = find_name(line, NULL, 0, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_similarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
+		patch->score = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
+		patch->score = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int gitdiff_index(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * index line is N hexadecimal, "..", N hexadecimal,
+	 * and optional space with octal mode.
+	 */
+	const char *ptr, *eol;
+	int len;
+
+	ptr = strchr(line, '.');
+	if (!ptr || ptr[1] != '.' || 40 < ptr - line)
+		return 0;
+	len = ptr - line;
+	memcpy(patch->old_sha1_prefix, line, len);
+	patch->old_sha1_prefix[len] = 0;
+
+	line = ptr + 2;
+	ptr = strchr(line, ' ');
+	eol = strchr(line, '\n');
+
+	if (!ptr || eol < ptr)
+		ptr = eol;
+	len = ptr - line;
+
+	if (40 < len)
+		return 0;
+	memcpy(patch->new_sha1_prefix, line, len);
+	patch->new_sha1_prefix[len] = 0;
+	if (*ptr == ' ')
+		patch->old_mode = strtoul(ptr+1, NULL, 8);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is normal for a diff that doesn't change anything: we'll fall through
+ * into the next diff. Tell the parser to break out.
+ */
+static int gitdiff_unrecognized(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
+{
+	int nslash = p_value;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
+		int ch = line[i];
+		if (ch == '/' && --nslash <= 0)
+			return &line[i];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is to extract the same name that appears on "diff --git"
+ * line.  We do not find and return anything if it is a rename
+ * patch, and it is OK because we will find the name elsewhere.
+ * We need to reliably find name only when it is mode-change only,
+ * creation or deletion of an empty file.  In any of these cases,
+ * both sides are the same name under a/ and b/ respectively.
+ */
+static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	const char *second = NULL;
+	size_t len;
+
+	line += strlen("diff --git ");
+	llen -= strlen("diff --git ");
+
+	if (*line == '"') {
+		const char *cp;
+		struct strbuf first = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf sp = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (unquote_c_style(&first, line, &second))
+			goto free_and_fail1;
+
+		/* advance to the first slash */
+		cp = stop_at_slash(first.buf, first.len);
+		/* we do not accept absolute paths */
+		if (!cp || cp == first.buf)
+			goto free_and_fail1;
+		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp + 1 - first.buf);
+
+		/*
+		 * second points at one past closing dq of name.
+		 * find the second name.
+		 */
+		while ((second < line + llen) && isspace(*second))
+			second++;
+
+		if (line + llen <= second)
+			goto free_and_fail1;
+		if (*second == '"') {
+			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
+				goto free_and_fail1;
+			cp = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!cp || cp == sp.buf)
+				goto free_and_fail1;
+			/* They must match, otherwise ignore */
+			if (strcmp(cp + 1, first.buf))
+				goto free_and_fail1;
+			strbuf_release(&sp);
+			return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
+		}
+
+		/* unquoted second */
+		cp = stop_at_slash(second, line + llen - second);
+		if (!cp || cp == second)
+			goto free_and_fail1;
+		cp++;
+		if (line + llen - cp != first.len + 1 ||
+		    memcmp(first.buf, cp, first.len))
+			goto free_and_fail1;
+		return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
+
+	free_and_fail1:
+		strbuf_release(&first);
+		strbuf_release(&sp);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* unquoted first name */
+	name = stop_at_slash(line, llen);
+	if (!name || name == line)
+		return NULL;
+	name++;
+
+	/*
+	 * since the first name is unquoted, a dq if exists must be
+	 * the beginning of the second name.
+	 */
+	for (second = name; second < line + llen; second++) {
+		if (*second == '"') {
+			struct strbuf sp = STRBUF_INIT;
+			const char *np;
+
+			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
+				goto free_and_fail2;
+
+			np = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!np || np == sp.buf)
+				goto free_and_fail2;
+			np++;
+
+			len = sp.buf + sp.len - np;
+			if (len < second - name &&
+			    !strncmp(np, name, len) &&
+			    isspace(name[len])) {
+				/* Good */
+				strbuf_remove(&sp, 0, np - sp.buf);
+				return strbuf_detach(&sp, NULL);
+			}
+
+		free_and_fail2:
+			strbuf_release(&sp);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Accept a name only if it shows up twice, exactly the same
+	 * form.
+	 */
+	for (len = 0 ; ; len++) {
+		switch (name[len]) {
+		default:
+			continue;
+		case '\n':
+			return NULL;
+		case '\t': case ' ':
+			second = name+len;
+			for (;;) {
+				char c = *second++;
+				if (c == '\n')
+					return NULL;
+				if (c == '/')
+					break;
+			}
+			if (second[len] == '\n' && !memcmp(name, second, len)) {
+				return xmemdupz(name, len);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Verify that we recognize the lines following a git header */
+static int parse_git_header(char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	unsigned long offset;
+
+	/* A git diff has explicit new/delete information, so we don't guess */
+	patch->is_new = 0;
+	patch->is_delete = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Some things may not have the old name in the
+	 * rest of the headers anywhere (pure mode changes,
+	 * or removing or adding empty files), so we get
+	 * the default name from the header.
+	 */
+	patch->def_name = git_header_name(line, len);
+	if (patch->def_name && root) {
+		char *s = xmalloc(root_len + strlen(patch->def_name) + 1);
+		strcpy(s, root);
+		strcpy(s + root_len, patch->def_name);
+		free(patch->def_name);
+		patch->def_name = s;
+	}
+
+	line += len;
+	size -= len;
+	linenr++;
+	for (offset = len ; size > 0 ; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, linenr++) {
+		static const struct opentry {
+			const char *str;
+			int (*fn)(const char *, struct patch *);
+		} optable[] = {
+			{ "@@ -", gitdiff_hdrend },
+			{ "--- ", gitdiff_oldname },
+			{ "+++ ", gitdiff_newname },
+			{ "old mode ", gitdiff_oldmode },
+			{ "new mode ", gitdiff_newmode },
+			{ "deleted file mode ", gitdiff_delete },
+			{ "new file mode ", gitdiff_newfile },
+			{ "copy from ", gitdiff_copysrc },
+			{ "copy to ", gitdiff_copydst },
+			{ "rename old ", gitdiff_renamesrc },
+			{ "rename new ", gitdiff_renamedst },
+			{ "rename from ", gitdiff_renamesrc },
+			{ "rename to ", gitdiff_renamedst },
+			{ "similarity index ", gitdiff_similarity },
+			{ "dissimilarity index ", gitdiff_dissimilarity },
+			{ "index ", gitdiff_index },
+			{ "", gitdiff_unrecognized },
+		};
+		int i;
+
+		len = linelen(line, size);
+		if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
+			break;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(optable); i++) {
+			const struct opentry *p = optable + i;
+			int oplen = strlen(p->str);
+			if (len < oplen || memcmp(p->str, line, oplen))
+				continue;
+			if (p->fn(line + oplen, patch) < 0)
+				return offset;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static int parse_num(const char *line, unsigned long *p)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+
+	if (!isdigit(*line))
+		return 0;
+	*p = strtoul(line, &ptr, 10);
+	return ptr - line;
+}
+
+static int parse_range(const char *line, int len, int offset, const char *expect,
+		       unsigned long *p1, unsigned long *p2)
+{
+	int digits, ex;
+
+	if (offset < 0 || offset >= len)
+		return -1;
+	line += offset;
+	len -= offset;
+
+	digits = parse_num(line, p1);
+	if (!digits)
+		return -1;
+
+	offset += digits;
+	line += digits;
+	len -= digits;
+
+	*p2 = 1;
+	if (*line == ',') {
+		digits = parse_num(line+1, p2);
+		if (!digits)
+			return -1;
+
+		offset += digits+1;
+		line += digits+1;
+		len -= digits+1;
+	}
+
+	ex = strlen(expect);
+	if (ex > len)
+		return -1;
+	if (memcmp(line, expect, ex))
+		return -1;
+
+	return offset + ex;
+}
+
+static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
+{
+	int oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, ret = 0;
+
+	if (size < 1) {
+		warning("recount: ignore empty hunk");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int len = linelen(line, size);
+		size -= len;
+		line += len;
+
+		if (size < 1)
+			break;
+
+		switch (*line) {
+		case ' ': case '\n':
+			newlines++;
+			/* fall through */
+		case '-':
+			oldlines++;
+			continue;
+		case '+':
+			newlines++;
+			continue;
+		case '\\':
+			continue;
+		case '@':
+			ret = size < 3 || prefixcmp(line, "@@ ");
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			ret = size < 5 || prefixcmp(line, "diff ");
+			break;
+		default:
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (ret) {
+			warning("recount: unexpected line: %.*s",
+				(int)linelen(line, size), line);
+			return;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	fragment->oldlines = oldlines;
+	fragment->newlines = newlines;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse a unified diff fragment header of the
+ * form "@@ -a,b +c,d @@"
+ */
+static int parse_fragment_header(char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
+{
+	int offset;
+
+	if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Figure out the number of lines in a fragment */
+	offset = parse_range(line, len, 4, " +", &fragment->oldpos, &fragment->oldlines);
+	offset = parse_range(line, len, offset, " @@", &fragment->newpos, &fragment->newlines);
+
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	unsigned long offset, len;
+
+	patch->is_toplevel_relative = 0;
+	patch->is_rename = patch->is_copy = 0;
+	patch->is_new = patch->is_delete = -1;
+	patch->old_mode = patch->new_mode = 0;
+	patch->old_name = patch->new_name = NULL;
+	for (offset = 0; size > 0; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, linenr++) {
+		unsigned long nextlen;
+
+		len = linelen(line, size);
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+
+		/* Testing this early allows us to take a few shortcuts.. */
+		if (len < 6)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Make sure we don't find any unconnected patch fragments.
+		 * That's a sign that we didn't find a header, and that a
+		 * patch has become corrupted/broken up.
+		 */
+		if (!memcmp("@@ -", line, 4)) {
+			struct fragment dummy;
+			if (parse_fragment_header(line, len, &dummy) < 0)
+				continue;
+			die("patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s",
+			    linenr, (int)len-1, line);
+		}
+
+		if (size < len + 6)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Git patch? It might not have a real patch, just a rename
+		 * or mode change, so we handle that specially
+		 */
+		if (!memcmp("diff --git ", line, 11)) {
+			int git_hdr_len = parse_git_header(line, len, size, patch);
+			if (git_hdr_len <= len)
+				continue;
+			if (!patch->old_name && !patch->new_name) {
+				if (!patch->def_name)
+					die("git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
+					    "%d leading pathname components (line %d)" , p_value, linenr);
+				patch->old_name = patch->new_name = patch->def_name;
+			}
+			patch->is_toplevel_relative = 1;
+			*hdrsize = git_hdr_len;
+			return offset;
+		}
+
+		/* --- followed by +++ ? */
+		if (memcmp("--- ", line,  4) || memcmp("+++ ", line + len, 4))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * We only accept unified patches, so we want it to
+		 * at least have "@@ -a,b +c,d @@\n", which is 14 chars
+		 * minimum ("@@ -0,0 +1 @@\n" is the shortest).
+		 */
+		nextlen = linelen(line + len, size - len);
+		if (size < nextlen + 14 || memcmp("@@ -", line + len + nextlen, 4))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Ok, we'll consider it a patch */
+		parse_traditional_patch(line, line+len, patch);
+		*hdrsize = len + nextlen;
+		linenr += 2;
+		return offset;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void record_ws_error(unsigned result, const char *line, int len, int linenr)
+{
+	char *err;
+
+	if (!result)
+		return;
+
+	whitespace_error++;
+	if (squelch_whitespace_errors &&
+	    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error)
+		return;
+
+	err = whitespace_error_string(result);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: %s.\n%.*s\n",
+		patch_input_file, linenr, err, len, line);
+	free(err);
+}
+
+static void check_whitespace(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule)
+{
+	unsigned result = ws_check(line + 1, len - 1, ws_rule);
+
+	record_ws_error(result, line + 1, len - 2, linenr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse a unified diff. Note that this really needs to parse each
+ * fragment separately, since the only way to know the difference
+ * between a "---" that is part of a patch, and a "---" that starts
+ * the next patch is to look at the line counts..
+ */
+static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
+			  struct patch *patch, struct fragment *fragment)
+{
+	int added, deleted;
+	int len = linelen(line, size), offset;
+	unsigned long oldlines, newlines;
+	unsigned long leading, trailing;
+
+	offset = parse_fragment_header(line, len, fragment);
+	if (offset < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (offset > 0 && patch->recount)
+		recount_diff(line + offset, size - offset, fragment);
+	oldlines = fragment->oldlines;
+	newlines = fragment->newlines;
+	leading = 0;
+	trailing = 0;
+
+	/* Parse the thing.. */
+	line += len;
+	size -= len;
+	linenr++;
+	added = deleted = 0;
+	for (offset = len;
+	     0 < size;
+	     offset += len, size -= len, line += len, linenr++) {
+		if (!oldlines && !newlines)
+			break;
+		len = linelen(line, size);
+		if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
+			return -1;
+		switch (*line) {
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		case '\n': /* newer GNU diff, an empty context line */
+		case ' ':
+			oldlines--;
+			newlines--;
+			if (!deleted && !added)
+				leading++;
+			trailing++;
+			break;
+		case '-':
+			if (apply_in_reverse &&
+			    ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
+				check_whitespace(line, len, patch->ws_rule);
+			deleted++;
+			oldlines--;
+			trailing = 0;
+			break;
+		case '+':
+			if (!apply_in_reverse &&
+			    ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
+				check_whitespace(line, len, patch->ws_rule);
+			added++;
+			newlines--;
+			trailing = 0;
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * We allow "\ No newline at end of file". Depending
+                 * on locale settings when the patch was produced we
+                 * don't know what this line looks like. The only
+                 * thing we do know is that it begins with "\ ".
+		 * Checking for 12 is just for sanity check -- any
+		 * l10n of "\ No newline..." is at least that long.
+		 */
+		case '\\':
+			if (len < 12 || memcmp(line, "\\ ", 2))
+				return -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (oldlines || newlines)
+		return -1;
+	fragment->leading = leading;
+	fragment->trailing = trailing;
+
+	/*
+	 * If a fragment ends with an incomplete line, we failed to include
+	 * it in the above loop because we hit oldlines == newlines == 0
+	 * before seeing it.
+	 */
+	if (12 < size && !memcmp(line, "\\ ", 2))
+		offset += linelen(line, size);
+
+	patch->lines_added += added;
+	patch->lines_deleted += deleted;
+
+	if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
+		return error("new file depends on old contents");
+	if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
+		return error("deleted file still has contents");
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	unsigned long offset = 0;
+	unsigned long oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, context = 0;
+	struct fragment **fragp = &patch->fragments;
+
+	while (size > 4 && !memcmp(line, "@@ -", 4)) {
+		struct fragment *fragment;
+		int len;
+
+		fragment = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*fragment));
+		fragment->linenr = linenr;
+		len = parse_fragment(line, size, patch, fragment);
+		if (len <= 0)
+			die("corrupt patch at line %d", linenr);
+		fragment->patch = line;
+		fragment->size = len;
+		oldlines += fragment->oldlines;
+		newlines += fragment->newlines;
+		context += fragment->leading + fragment->trailing;
+
+		*fragp = fragment;
+		fragp = &fragment->next;
+
+		offset += len;
+		line += len;
+		size -= len;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If something was removed (i.e. we have old-lines) it cannot
+	 * be creation, and if something was added it cannot be
+	 * deletion.  However, the reverse is not true; --unified=0
+	 * patches that only add are not necessarily creation even
+	 * though they do not have any old lines, and ones that only
+	 * delete are not necessarily deletion.
+	 *
+	 * Unfortunately, a real creation/deletion patch do _not_ have
+	 * any context line by definition, so we cannot safely tell it
+	 * apart with --unified=0 insanity.  At least if the patch has
+	 * more than one hunk it is not creation or deletion.
+	 */
+	if (patch->is_new < 0 &&
+	    (oldlines || (patch->fragments && patch->fragments->next)))
+		patch->is_new = 0;
+	if (patch->is_delete < 0 &&
+	    (newlines || (patch->fragments && patch->fragments->next)))
+		patch->is_delete = 0;
+
+	if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
+		die("new file %s depends on old contents", patch->new_name);
+	if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
+		die("deleted file %s still has contents", patch->old_name);
+	if (!patch->is_delete && !newlines && context)
+		fprintf(stderr, "** warning: file %s becomes empty but "
+			"is not deleted\n", patch->new_name);
+
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static inline int metadata_changes(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	return	patch->is_rename > 0 ||
+		patch->is_copy > 0 ||
+		patch->is_new > 0 ||
+		patch->is_delete ||
+		(patch->old_mode && patch->new_mode &&
+		 patch->old_mode != patch->new_mode);
+}
+
+static char *inflate_it(const void *data, unsigned long size,
+			unsigned long inflated_size)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	void *out;
+	int st;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+
+	stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)data;
+	stream.avail_in = size;
+	stream.next_out = out = xmalloc(inflated_size);
+	stream.avail_out = inflated_size;
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+	st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) || stream.total_out != inflated_size) {
+		free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
+					  unsigned long *sz_p,
+					  int *status_p,
+					  int *used_p)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Expect a line that begins with binary patch method ("literal"
+	 * or "delta"), followed by the length of data before deflating.
+	 * a sequence of 'length-byte' followed by base-85 encoded data
+	 * should follow, terminated by a newline.
+	 *
+	 * Each 5-byte sequence of base-85 encodes up to 4 bytes,
+	 * and we would limit the patch line to 66 characters,
+	 * so one line can fit up to 13 groups that would decode
+	 * to 52 bytes max.  The length byte 'A'-'Z' corresponds
+	 * to 1-26 bytes, and 'a'-'z' corresponds to 27-52 bytes.
+	 */
+	int llen, used;
+	unsigned long size = *sz_p;
+	char *buffer = *buf_p;
+	int patch_method;
+	unsigned long origlen;
+	char *data = NULL;
+	int hunk_size = 0;
+	struct fragment *frag;
+
+	llen = linelen(buffer, size);
+	used = llen;
+
+	*status_p = 0;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "delta ")) {
+		patch_method = BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED;
+		origlen = strtoul(buffer + 6, NULL, 10);
+	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "literal ")) {
+		patch_method = BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED;
+		origlen = strtoul(buffer + 8, NULL, 10);
+	}
+	else
+		return NULL;
+
+	linenr++;
+	buffer += llen;
+	while (1) {
+		int byte_length, max_byte_length, newsize;
+		llen = linelen(buffer, size);
+		used += llen;
+		linenr++;
+		if (llen == 1) {
+			/* consume the blank line */
+			buffer++;
+			size--;
+			break;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Minimum line is "A00000\n" which is 7-byte long,
+		 * and the line length must be multiple of 5 plus 2.
+		 */
+		if ((llen < 7) || (llen-2) % 5)
+			goto corrupt;
+		max_byte_length = (llen - 2) / 5 * 4;
+		byte_length = *buffer;
+		if ('A' <= byte_length && byte_length <= 'Z')
+			byte_length = byte_length - 'A' + 1;
+		else if ('a' <= byte_length && byte_length <= 'z')
+			byte_length = byte_length - 'a' + 27;
+		else
+			goto corrupt;
+		/* if the input length was not multiple of 4, we would
+		 * have filler at the end but the filler should never
+		 * exceed 3 bytes
+		 */
+		if (max_byte_length < byte_length ||
+		    byte_length <= max_byte_length - 4)
+			goto corrupt;
+		newsize = hunk_size + byte_length;
+		data = xrealloc(data, newsize);
+		if (decode_85(data + hunk_size, buffer + 1, byte_length))
+			goto corrupt;
+		hunk_size = newsize;
+		buffer += llen;
+		size -= llen;
+	}
+
+	frag = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*frag));
+	frag->patch = inflate_it(data, hunk_size, origlen);
+	if (!frag->patch)
+		goto corrupt;
+	free(data);
+	frag->size = origlen;
+	*buf_p = buffer;
+	*sz_p = size;
+	*used_p = used;
+	frag->binary_patch_method = patch_method;
+	return frag;
+
+ corrupt:
+	free(data);
+	*status_p = -1;
+	error("corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s",
+	      linenr-1, llen-1, buffer);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We have read "GIT binary patch\n"; what follows is a line
+	 * that says the patch method (currently, either "literal" or
+	 * "delta") and the length of data before deflating; a
+	 * sequence of 'length-byte' followed by base-85 encoded data
+	 * follows.
+	 *
+	 * When a binary patch is reversible, there is another binary
+	 * hunk in the same format, starting with patch method (either
+	 * "literal" or "delta") with the length of data, and a sequence
+	 * of length-byte + base-85 encoded data, terminated with another
+	 * empty line.  This data, when applied to the postimage, produces
+	 * the preimage.
+	 */
+	struct fragment *forward;
+	struct fragment *reverse;
+	int status;
+	int used, used_1;
+
+	forward = parse_binary_hunk(&buffer, &size, &status, &used);
+	if (!forward && !status)
+		/* there has to be one hunk (forward hunk) */
+		return error("unrecognized binary patch at line %d", linenr-1);
+	if (status)
+		/* otherwise we already gave an error message */
+		return status;
+
+	reverse = parse_binary_hunk(&buffer, &size, &status, &used_1);
+	if (reverse)
+		used += used_1;
+	else if (status) {
+		/*
+		 * Not having reverse hunk is not an error, but having
+		 * a corrupt reverse hunk is.
+		 */
+		free((void*) forward->patch);
+		free(forward);
+		return status;
+	}
+	forward->next = reverse;
+	patch->fragments = forward;
+	patch->is_binary = 1;
+	return used;
+}
+
+static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int hdrsize, patchsize;
+	int offset = find_header(buffer, size, &hdrsize, patch);
+
+	if (offset < 0)
+		return offset;
+
+	patch->ws_rule = whitespace_rule(patch->new_name
+					 ? patch->new_name
+					 : patch->old_name);
+
+	patchsize = parse_single_patch(buffer + offset + hdrsize,
+				       size - offset - hdrsize, patch);
+
+	if (!patchsize) {
+		static const char *binhdr[] = {
+			"Binary files ",
+			"Files ",
+			NULL,
+		};
+		static const char git_binary[] = "GIT binary patch\n";
+		int i;
+		int hd = hdrsize + offset;
+		unsigned long llen = linelen(buffer + hd, size - hd);
+
+		if (llen == sizeof(git_binary) - 1 &&
+		    !memcmp(git_binary, buffer + hd, llen)) {
+			int used;
+			linenr++;
+			used = parse_binary(buffer + hd + llen,
+					    size - hd - llen, patch);
+			if (used)
+				patchsize = used + llen;
+			else
+				patchsize = 0;
+		}
+		else if (!memcmp(" differ\n", buffer + hd + llen - 8, 8)) {
+			for (i = 0; binhdr[i]; i++) {
+				int len = strlen(binhdr[i]);
+				if (len < size - hd &&
+				    !memcmp(binhdr[i], buffer + hd, len)) {
+					linenr++;
+					patch->is_binary = 1;
+					patchsize = llen;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Empty patch cannot be applied if it is a text patch
+		 * without metadata change.  A binary patch appears
+		 * empty to us here.
+		 */
+		if ((apply || check) &&
+		    (!patch->is_binary && !metadata_changes(patch)))
+			die("patch with only garbage at line %d", linenr);
+	}
+
+	return offset + hdrsize + patchsize;
+}
+
+#define swap(a,b) myswap((a),(b),sizeof(a))
+
+#define myswap(a, b, size) do {		\
+	unsigned char mytmp[size];	\
+	memcpy(mytmp, &a, size);		\
+	memcpy(&a, &b, size);		\
+	memcpy(&b, mytmp, size);		\
+} while (0)
+
+static void reverse_patches(struct patch *p)
+{
+	for (; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct fragment *frag = p->fragments;
+
+		swap(p->new_name, p->old_name);
+		swap(p->new_mode, p->old_mode);
+		swap(p->is_new, p->is_delete);
+		swap(p->lines_added, p->lines_deleted);
+		swap(p->old_sha1_prefix, p->new_sha1_prefix);
+
+		for (; frag; frag = frag->next) {
+			swap(frag->newpos, frag->oldpos);
+			swap(frag->newlines, frag->oldlines);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static const char pluses[] =
+"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++";
+static const char minuses[]=
+"----------------------------------------------------------------------";
+
+static void show_stats(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct strbuf qname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *cp = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
+	int max, add, del;
+
+	quote_c_style(cp, &qname, NULL, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * "scale" the filename
+	 */
+	max = max_len;
+	if (max > 50)
+		max = 50;
+
+	if (qname.len > max) {
+		cp = strchr(qname.buf + qname.len + 3 - max, '/');
+		if (!cp)
+			cp = qname.buf + qname.len + 3 - max;
+		strbuf_splice(&qname, 0, cp - qname.buf, "...", 3);
+	}
+
+	if (patch->is_binary) {
+		printf(" %-*s |  Bin\n", max, qname.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&qname);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	printf(" %-*s |", max, qname.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&qname);
+
+	/*
+	 * scale the add/delete
+	 */
+	max = max + max_change > 70 ? 70 - max : max_change;
+	add = patch->lines_added;
+	del = patch->lines_deleted;
+
+	if (max_change > 0) {
+		int total = ((add + del) * max + max_change / 2) / max_change;
+		add = (add * max + max_change / 2) / max_change;
+		del = total - add;
+	}
+	printf("%5d %.*s%.*s\n", patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted,
+		add, pluses, del, minuses);
+}
+
+static int read_old_data(struct stat *st, const char *path, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		if (strbuf_readlink(buf, path, st->st_size) < 0)
+			return error("unable to read symlink %s", path);
+		return 0;
+	case S_IFREG:
+		if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, st->st_size) != st->st_size)
+			return error("unable to open or read %s", path);
+		convert_to_git(path, buf->buf, buf->len, buf, 0);
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update the preimage, and the common lines in postimage,
+ * from buffer buf of length len. If postlen is 0 the postimage
+ * is updated in place, otherwise it's updated on a new buffer
+ * of length postlen
+ */
+
+static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
+				   struct image *postimage,
+				   char *buf,
+				   size_t len, size_t postlen)
+{
+	int i, ctx;
+	char *new, *old, *fixed;
+	struct image fixed_preimage;
+
+	/*
+	 * Update the preimage with whitespace fixes.  Note that we
+	 * are not losing preimage->buf -- apply_one_fragment() will
+	 * free "oldlines".
+	 */
+	prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
+	assert(fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+		fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
+	free(preimage->line_allocated);
+	*preimage = fixed_preimage;
+
+	/*
+	 * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
+	 * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
+	 * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
+	 * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
+	 * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+	 * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
+	 * in place (postlen==0) or not.
+	 */
+	old = postimage->buf;
+	if (postlen)
+		new = postimage->buf = xmalloc(postlen);
+	else
+		new = old;
+	fixed = preimage->buf;
+	for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+		size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
+		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
+			/* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
+			memmove(new, old, len);
+			old += len;
+			new += len;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* a common context -- skip it in the original postimage */
+		old += len;
+
+		/* and find the corresponding one in the fixed preimage */
+		while (ctx < preimage->nr &&
+		       !(preimage->line[ctx].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
+			fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
+			ctx++;
+		}
+		if (preimage->nr <= ctx)
+			die("oops");
+
+		/* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
+		len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
+		memcpy(new, fixed, len);
+		new += len;
+		fixed += len;
+		postimage->line[i].len = len;
+		ctx++;
+	}
+
+	/* Fix the length of the whole thing */
+	postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
+}
+
+static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
+			  struct image *preimage,
+			  struct image *postimage,
+			  unsigned long try,
+			  int try_lno,
+			  unsigned ws_rule,
+			  int match_beginning, int match_end)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
+
+	if (preimage->nr + try_lno > img->nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (match_beginning && try_lno)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (match_end && preimage->nr + try_lno != img->nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Quick hash check */
+	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+		if (preimage->line[i].hash != img->line[try_lno + i].hash)
+			return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we have an exact match?  If we were told to match
+	 * at the end, size must be exactly at try+fragsize,
+	 * otherwise try+fragsize must be still within the preimage,
+	 * and either case, the old piece should match the preimage
+	 * exactly.
+	 */
+	if ((match_end
+	     ? (try + preimage->len == img->len)
+	     : (try + preimage->len <= img->len)) &&
+	    !memcmp(img->buf + try, preimage->buf, preimage->len))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * No exact match. If we are ignoring whitespace, run a line-by-line
+	 * fuzzy matching. We collect all the line length information because
+	 * we need it to adjust whitespace if we match.
+	 */
+	if (ws_ignore_action == ignore_ws_change) {
+		size_t imgoff = 0;
+		size_t preoff = 0;
+		size_t postlen = postimage->len;
+		for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++) {
+			size_t prelen = preimage->line[i].len;
+			size_t imglen = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
+
+			if (!fuzzy_matchlines(img->buf + try + imgoff, imglen,
+					      preimage->buf + preoff, prelen))
+				return 0;
+			if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
+				postlen += imglen - prelen;
+			imgoff += imglen;
+			preoff += prelen;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Ok, the preimage matches with whitespace fuzz. Update it and
+		 * the common postimage lines to use the same whitespace as the
+		 * target. imgoff now holds the true length of the target that
+		 * matches the preimage, and we need to update the line lengths
+		 * of the preimage to match the target ones.
+		 */
+		fixed_buf = xmalloc(imgoff);
+		memcpy(fixed_buf, img->buf + try, imgoff);
+		for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+			preimage->line[i].len = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
+
+		/*
+		 * Update the preimage buffer and the postimage context lines.
+		 */
+		update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
+				fixed_buf, imgoff, postlen);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (ws_error_action != correct_ws_error)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The hunk does not apply byte-by-byte, but the hash says
+	 * it might with whitespace fuzz. We haven't been asked to
+	 * ignore whitespace, we were asked to correct whitespace
+	 * errors, so let's try matching after whitespace correction.
+	 */
+	fixed_buf = xmalloc(preimage->len + 1);
+	buf = fixed_buf;
+	orig = preimage->buf;
+	target = img->buf + try;
+	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++) {
+		size_t fixlen; /* length after fixing the preimage */
+		size_t oldlen = preimage->line[i].len;
+		size_t tgtlen = img->line[try_lno + i].len;
+		size_t tgtfixlen; /* length after fixing the target line */
+		char tgtfixbuf[1024], *tgtfix;
+		int match;
+
+		/* Try fixing the line in the preimage */
+		fixlen = ws_fix_copy(buf, orig, oldlen, ws_rule, NULL);
+
+		/* Try fixing the line in the target */
+		if (sizeof(tgtfixbuf) > tgtlen)
+			tgtfix = tgtfixbuf;
+		else
+			tgtfix = xmalloc(tgtlen);
+		tgtfixlen = ws_fix_copy(tgtfix, target, tgtlen, ws_rule, NULL);
+
+		/*
+		 * If they match, either the preimage was based on
+		 * a version before our tree fixed whitespace breakage,
+		 * or we are lacking a whitespace-fix patch the tree
+		 * the preimage was based on already had (i.e. target
+		 * has whitespace breakage, the preimage doesn't).
+		 * In either case, we are fixing the whitespace breakages
+		 * so we might as well take the fix together with their
+		 * real change.
+		 */
+		match = (tgtfixlen == fixlen && !memcmp(tgtfix, buf, fixlen));
+
+		if (tgtfix != tgtfixbuf)
+			free(tgtfix);
+		if (!match)
+			goto unmatch_exit;
+
+		orig += oldlen;
+		buf += fixlen;
+		target += tgtlen;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Yes, the preimage is based on an older version that still
+	 * has whitespace breakages unfixed, and fixing them makes the
+	 * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
+	 */
+	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
+			       fixed_buf, buf - fixed_buf, 0);
+	return 1;
+
+ unmatch_exit:
+	free(fixed_buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_pos(struct image *img,
+		    struct image *preimage,
+		    struct image *postimage,
+		    int line,
+		    unsigned ws_rule,
+		    int match_beginning, int match_end)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long backwards, forwards, try;
+	int backwards_lno, forwards_lno, try_lno;
+
+	if (preimage->nr > img->nr)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If match_begining or match_end is specified, there is no
+	 * point starting from a wrong line that will never match and
+	 * wander around and wait for a match at the specified end.
+	 */
+	if (match_beginning)
+		line = 0;
+	else if (match_end)
+		line = img->nr - preimage->nr;
+
+	if (line > img->nr)
+		line = img->nr;
+
+	try = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < line; i++)
+		try += img->line[i].len;
+
+	/*
+	 * There's probably some smart way to do this, but I'll leave
+	 * that to the smart and beautiful people. I'm simple and stupid.
+	 */
+	backwards = try;
+	backwards_lno = line;
+	forwards = try;
+	forwards_lno = line;
+	try_lno = line;
+
+	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
+		if (match_fragment(img, preimage, postimage,
+				   try, try_lno, ws_rule,
+				   match_beginning, match_end))
+			return try_lno;
+
+	again:
+		if (backwards_lno == 0 && forwards_lno == img->nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (i & 1) {
+			if (backwards_lno == 0) {
+				i++;
+				goto again;
+			}
+			backwards_lno--;
+			backwards -= img->line[backwards_lno].len;
+			try = backwards;
+			try_lno = backwards_lno;
+		} else {
+			if (forwards_lno == img->nr) {
+				i++;
+				goto again;
+			}
+			forwards += img->line[forwards_lno].len;
+			forwards_lno++;
+			try = forwards;
+			try_lno = forwards_lno;
+		}
+
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void remove_first_line(struct image *img)
+{
+	img->buf += img->line[0].len;
+	img->len -= img->line[0].len;
+	img->line++;
+	img->nr--;
+}
+
+static void remove_last_line(struct image *img)
+{
+	img->len -= img->line[--img->nr].len;
+}
+
+static void update_image(struct image *img,
+			 int applied_pos,
+			 struct image *preimage,
+			 struct image *postimage)
+{
+	/*
+	 * remove the copy of preimage at offset in img
+	 * and replace it with postimage
+	 */
+	int i, nr;
+	size_t remove_count, insert_count, applied_at = 0;
+	char *result;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < applied_pos; i++)
+		applied_at += img->line[i].len;
+
+	remove_count = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+		remove_count += img->line[applied_pos + i].len;
+	insert_count = postimage->len;
+
+	/* Adjust the contents */
+	result = xmalloc(img->len + insert_count - remove_count + 1);
+	memcpy(result, img->buf, applied_at);
+	memcpy(result + applied_at, postimage->buf, postimage->len);
+	memcpy(result + applied_at + postimage->len,
+	       img->buf + (applied_at + remove_count),
+	       img->len - (applied_at + remove_count));
+	free(img->buf);
+	img->buf = result;
+	img->len += insert_count - remove_count;
+	result[img->len] = '\0';
+
+	/* Adjust the line table */
+	nr = img->nr + postimage->nr - preimage->nr;
+	if (preimage->nr < postimage->nr) {
+		/*
+		 * NOTE: this knows that we never call remove_first_line()
+		 * on anything other than pre/post image.
+		 */
+		img->line = xrealloc(img->line, nr * sizeof(*img->line));
+		img->line_allocated = img->line;
+	}
+	if (preimage->nr != postimage->nr)
+		memmove(img->line + applied_pos + postimage->nr,
+			img->line + applied_pos + preimage->nr,
+			(img->nr - (applied_pos + preimage->nr)) *
+			sizeof(*img->line));
+	memcpy(img->line + applied_pos,
+	       postimage->line,
+	       postimage->nr * sizeof(*img->line));
+	img->nr = nr;
+}
+
+static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
+			      int inaccurate_eof, unsigned ws_rule)
+{
+	int match_beginning, match_end;
+	const char *patch = frag->patch;
+	int size = frag->size;
+	char *old, *new, *oldlines, *newlines;
+	int new_blank_lines_at_end = 0;
+	unsigned long leading, trailing;
+	int pos, applied_pos;
+	struct image preimage;
+	struct image postimage;
+
+	memset(&preimage, 0, sizeof(preimage));
+	memset(&postimage, 0, sizeof(postimage));
+	oldlines = xmalloc(size);
+	newlines = xmalloc(size);
+
+	old = oldlines;
+	new = newlines;
+	while (size > 0) {
+		char first;
+		int len = linelen(patch, size);
+		int plen, added;
+		int added_blank_line = 0;
+		int is_blank_context = 0;
+
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * "plen" is how much of the line we should use for
+		 * the actual patch data. Normally we just remove the
+		 * first character on the line, but if the line is
+		 * followed by "\ No newline", then we also remove the
+		 * last one (which is the newline, of course).
+		 */
+		plen = len - 1;
+		if (len < size && patch[len] == '\\')
+			plen--;
+		first = *patch;
+		if (apply_in_reverse) {
+			if (first == '-')
+				first = '+';
+			else if (first == '+')
+				first = '-';
+		}
+
+		switch (first) {
+		case '\n':
+			/* Newer GNU diff, empty context line */
+			if (plen < 0)
+				/* ... followed by '\No newline'; nothing */
+				break;
+			*old++ = '\n';
+			*new++ = '\n';
+			add_line_info(&preimage, "\n", 1, LINE_COMMON);
+			add_line_info(&postimage, "\n", 1, LINE_COMMON);
+			is_blank_context = 1;
+			break;
+		case ' ':
+			if (plen && (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
+			    ws_blank_line(patch + 1, plen, ws_rule))
+				is_blank_context = 1;
+		case '-':
+			memcpy(old, patch + 1, plen);
+			add_line_info(&preimage, old, plen,
+				      (first == ' ' ? LINE_COMMON : 0));
+			old += plen;
+			if (first == '-')
+				break;
+		/* Fall-through for ' ' */
+		case '+':
+			/* --no-add does not add new lines */
+			if (first == '+' && no_add)
+				break;
+
+			if (first != '+' ||
+			    !whitespace_error ||
+			    ws_error_action != correct_ws_error) {
+				memcpy(new, patch + 1, plen);
+				added = plen;
+			}
+			else {
+				added = ws_fix_copy(new, patch + 1, plen, ws_rule, &applied_after_fixing_ws);
+			}
+			add_line_info(&postimage, new, added,
+				      (first == '+' ? 0 : LINE_COMMON));
+			new += added;
+			if (first == '+' &&
+			    (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
+			    ws_blank_line(patch + 1, plen, ws_rule))
+				added_blank_line = 1;
+			break;
+		case '@': case '\\':
+			/* Ignore it, we already handled it */
+			break;
+		default:
+			if (apply_verbosely)
+				error("invalid start of line: '%c'", first);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (added_blank_line)
+			new_blank_lines_at_end++;
+		else if (is_blank_context)
+			;
+		else
+			new_blank_lines_at_end = 0;
+		patch += len;
+		size -= len;
+	}
+	if (inaccurate_eof &&
+	    old > oldlines && old[-1] == '\n' &&
+	    new > newlines && new[-1] == '\n') {
+		old--;
+		new--;
+	}
+
+	leading = frag->leading;
+	trailing = frag->trailing;
+
+	/*
+	 * A hunk to change lines at the beginning would begin with
+	 * @@ -1,L +N,M @@
+	 * but we need to be careful.  -U0 that inserts before the second
+	 * line also has this pattern.
+	 *
+	 * And a hunk to add to an empty file would begin with
+	 * @@ -0,0 +N,M @@
+	 *
+	 * In other words, a hunk that is (frag->oldpos <= 1) with or
+	 * without leading context must match at the beginning.
+	 */
+	match_beginning = (!frag->oldpos ||
+			   (frag->oldpos == 1 && !unidiff_zero));
+
+	/*
+	 * A hunk without trailing lines must match at the end.
+	 * However, we simply cannot tell if a hunk must match end
+	 * from the lack of trailing lines if the patch was generated
+	 * with unidiff without any context.
+	 */
+	match_end = !unidiff_zero && !trailing;
+
+	pos = frag->newpos ? (frag->newpos - 1) : 0;
+	preimage.buf = oldlines;
+	preimage.len = old - oldlines;
+	postimage.buf = newlines;
+	postimage.len = new - newlines;
+	preimage.line = preimage.line_allocated;
+	postimage.line = postimage.line_allocated;
+
+	for (;;) {
+
+		applied_pos = find_pos(img, &preimage, &postimage, pos,
+				       ws_rule, match_beginning, match_end);
+
+		if (applied_pos >= 0)
+			break;
+
+		/* Am I at my context limits? */
+		if ((leading <= p_context) && (trailing <= p_context))
+			break;
+		if (match_beginning || match_end) {
+			match_beginning = match_end = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Reduce the number of context lines; reduce both
+		 * leading and trailing if they are equal otherwise
+		 * just reduce the larger context.
+		 */
+		if (leading >= trailing) {
+			remove_first_line(&preimage);
+			remove_first_line(&postimage);
+			pos--;
+			leading--;
+		}
+		if (trailing > leading) {
+			remove_last_line(&preimage);
+			remove_last_line(&postimage);
+			trailing--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (applied_pos >= 0) {
+		if (new_blank_lines_at_end &&
+		    preimage.nr + applied_pos == img->nr &&
+		    (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
+		    ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error) {
+			record_ws_error(WS_BLANK_AT_EOF, "+", 1, frag->linenr);
+			if (ws_error_action == correct_ws_error) {
+				while (new_blank_lines_at_end--)
+					remove_last_line(&postimage);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * We would want to prevent write_out_results()
+			 * from taking place in apply_patch() that follows
+			 * the callchain led us here, which is:
+			 * apply_patch->check_patch_list->check_patch->
+			 * apply_data->apply_fragments->apply_one_fragment
+			 */
+			if (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
+				apply = 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Warn if it was necessary to reduce the number
+		 * of context lines.
+		 */
+		if ((leading != frag->leading) ||
+		    (trailing != frag->trailing))
+			fprintf(stderr, "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld)"
+				" to apply fragment at %d\n",
+				leading, trailing, applied_pos+1);
+		update_image(img, applied_pos, &preimage, &postimage);
+	} else {
+		if (apply_verbosely)
+			error("while searching for:\n%.*s",
+			      (int)(old - oldlines), oldlines);
+	}
+
+	free(oldlines);
+	free(newlines);
+	free(preimage.line_allocated);
+	free(postimage.line_allocated);
+
+	return (applied_pos < 0);
+}
+
+static int apply_binary_fragment(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct fragment *fragment = patch->fragments;
+	unsigned long len;
+	void *dst;
+
+	/* Binary patch is irreversible without the optional second hunk */
+	if (apply_in_reverse) {
+		if (!fragment->next)
+			return error("cannot reverse-apply a binary patch "
+				     "without the reverse hunk to '%s'",
+				     patch->new_name
+				     ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name);
+		fragment = fragment->next;
+	}
+	switch (fragment->binary_patch_method) {
+	case BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED:
+		dst = patch_delta(img->buf, img->len, fragment->patch,
+				  fragment->size, &len);
+		if (!dst)
+			return -1;
+		clear_image(img);
+		img->buf = dst;
+		img->len = len;
+		return 0;
+	case BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED:
+		clear_image(img);
+		img->len = fragment->size;
+		img->buf = xmalloc(img->len+1);
+		memcpy(img->buf, fragment->patch, img->len);
+		img->buf[img->len] = '\0';
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int apply_binary(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	/*
+	 * For safety, we require patch index line to contain
+	 * full 40-byte textual SHA1 for old and new, at least for now.
+	 */
+	if (strlen(patch->old_sha1_prefix) != 40 ||
+	    strlen(patch->new_sha1_prefix) != 40 ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1))
+		return error("cannot apply binary patch to '%s' "
+			     "without full index line", name);
+
+	if (patch->old_name) {
+		/*
+		 * See if the old one matches what the patch
+		 * applies to.
+		 */
+		hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, sha1);
+		if (strcmp(sha1_to_hex(sha1), patch->old_sha1_prefix))
+			return error("the patch applies to '%s' (%s), "
+				     "which does not match the "
+				     "current contents.",
+				     name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	else {
+		/* Otherwise, the old one must be empty. */
+		if (img->len)
+			return error("the patch applies to an empty "
+				     "'%s' but it is not empty", name);
+	}
+
+	get_sha1_hex(patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1);
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		clear_image(img);
+		return 0; /* deletion patch */
+	}
+
+	if (has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
+		/* We already have the postimage */
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		char *result;
+
+		result = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!result)
+			return error("the necessary postimage %s for "
+				     "'%s' cannot be read",
+				     patch->new_sha1_prefix, name);
+		clear_image(img);
+		img->buf = result;
+		img->len = size;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We have verified buf matches the preimage;
+		 * apply the patch data to it, which is stored
+		 * in the patch->fragments->{patch,size}.
+		 */
+		if (apply_binary_fragment(img, patch))
+			return error("binary patch does not apply to '%s'",
+				     name);
+
+		/* verify that the result matches */
+		hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, sha1);
+		if (strcmp(sha1_to_hex(sha1), patch->new_sha1_prefix))
+			return error("binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)",
+				name, patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int apply_fragments(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct fragment *frag = patch->fragments;
+	const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
+	unsigned ws_rule = patch->ws_rule;
+	unsigned inaccurate_eof = patch->inaccurate_eof;
+
+	if (patch->is_binary)
+		return apply_binary(img, patch);
+
+	while (frag) {
+		if (apply_one_fragment(img, frag, inaccurate_eof, ws_rule)) {
+			error("patch failed: %s:%ld", name, frag->oldpos);
+			if (!apply_with_reject)
+				return -1;
+			frag->rejected = 1;
+		}
+		frag = frag->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (!ce)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+		strbuf_grow(buf, 100);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+	} else {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long sz;
+		char *result;
+
+		result = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &sz);
+		if (!result)
+			return -1;
+		/* XXX read_sha1_file NUL-terminates */
+		strbuf_attach(buf, result, sz, sz + 1);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (name == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	item = string_list_lookup(name, &fn_table);
+	if (item != NULL)
+		return (struct patch *)item->util;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * item->util in the filename table records the status of the path.
+ * Usually it points at a patch (whose result records the contents
+ * of it after applying it), but it could be PATH_WAS_DELETED for a
+ * path that a previously applied patch has already removed.
+ */
+ #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
+#define PATH_WAS_DELETED ((struct patch *) -1)
+
+static int to_be_deleted(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	return patch == PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
+}
+
+static int was_deleted(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	return patch == PATH_WAS_DELETED;
+}
+
+static void add_to_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	/*
+	 * Always add new_name unless patch is a deletion
+	 * This should cover the cases for normal diffs,
+	 * file creations and copies
+	 */
+	if (patch->new_name != NULL) {
+		item = string_list_insert(patch->new_name, &fn_table);
+		item->util = patch;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * store a failure on rename/deletion cases because
+	 * later chunks shouldn't patch old names
+	 */
+	if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
+		item = string_list_insert(patch->old_name, &fn_table);
+		item->util = PATH_WAS_DELETED;
+	}
+}
+
+static void prepare_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * store information about incoming file deletion
+	 */
+	while (patch) {
+		if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
+			struct string_list_item *item;
+			item = string_list_insert(patch->old_name, &fn_table);
+			item->util = PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
+		}
+		patch = patch->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct image image;
+	size_t len;
+	char *img;
+	struct patch *tpatch;
+
+	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
+	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(patch->old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
+		if (was_deleted(tpatch)) {
+			return error("patch %s has been renamed/deleted",
+				patch->old_name);
+		}
+		/* We have a patched copy in memory use that */
+		strbuf_add(&buf, tpatch->result, tpatch->resultsize);
+	} else if (cached) {
+		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf))
+			return error("read of %s failed", patch->old_name);
+	} else if (patch->old_name) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (ce) {
+				read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf);
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * There is no way to apply subproject
+				 * patch without looking at the index.
+				 */
+				patch->fragments = NULL;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (read_old_data(st, patch->old_name, &buf))
+				return error("read of %s failed", patch->old_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(&image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+
+	if (apply_fragments(&image, patch) < 0)
+		return -1; /* note with --reject this succeeds. */
+	patch->result = image.buf;
+	patch->resultsize = image.len;
+	add_to_fn_table(patch);
+	free(image.line_allocated);
+
+	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
+		return error("removal patch leaves file contents");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_to_create_blob(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
+{
+	struct stat nst;
+	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
+		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
+		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
+		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
+		 * far as git is concerned.
+		 */
+		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
+			return 0;
+
+		return error("%s: already exists in working directory", new_name);
+	}
+	else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR))
+		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+}
+
+static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
+	struct patch *tpatch = NULL;
+	int stat_ret = 0;
+	unsigned st_mode = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that we do not have local modifications from the
+	 * index when we are looking at the index.  Also make sure
+	 * we have the preimage file to be patched in the work tree,
+	 * unless --cached, which tells git to apply only in the index.
+	 */
+	if (!old_name)
+		return 0;
+
+	assert(patch->is_new <= 0);
+
+	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
+	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
+		if (was_deleted(tpatch))
+			return error("%s: has been deleted/renamed", old_name);
+		st_mode = tpatch->new_mode;
+	} else if (!cached) {
+		stat_ret = lstat(old_name, st);
+		if (stat_ret && errno != ENOENT)
+			return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	if (to_be_deleted(tpatch))
+		tpatch = NULL;
+
+	if (check_index && !tpatch) {
+		int pos = cache_name_pos(old_name, strlen(old_name));
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			if (patch->is_new < 0)
+				goto is_new;
+			return error("%s: does not exist in index", old_name);
+		}
+		*ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (stat_ret < 0) {
+			struct checkout costate;
+			/* checkout */
+			costate.base_dir = "";
+			costate.base_dir_len = 0;
+			costate.force = 0;
+			costate.quiet = 0;
+			costate.not_new = 0;
+			costate.refresh_cache = 1;
+			if (checkout_entry(*ce, &costate, NULL) ||
+			    lstat(old_name, st))
+				return -1;
+		}
+		if (!cached && verify_index_match(*ce, st))
+			return error("%s: does not match index", old_name);
+		if (cached)
+			st_mode = (*ce)->ce_mode;
+	} else if (stat_ret < 0) {
+		if (patch->is_new < 0)
+			goto is_new;
+		return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	if (!cached && !tpatch)
+		st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(*ce, st->st_mode);
+
+	if (patch->is_new < 0)
+		patch->is_new = 0;
+	if (!patch->old_mode)
+		patch->old_mode = st_mode;
+	if ((st_mode ^ patch->old_mode) & S_IFMT)
+		return error("%s: wrong type", old_name);
+	if (st_mode != patch->old_mode)
+		warning("%s has type %o, expected %o",
+			old_name, st_mode, patch->old_mode);
+	if (!patch->new_mode && !patch->is_delete)
+		patch->new_mode = st_mode;
+	return 0;
+
+ is_new:
+	patch->is_new = 1;
+	patch->is_delete = 0;
+	patch->old_name = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
+	const char *new_name = patch->new_name;
+	const char *name = old_name ? old_name : new_name;
+	struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+	struct patch *tpatch;
+	int ok_if_exists;
+	int status;
+
+	patch->rejected = 1; /* we will drop this after we succeed */
+
+	status = check_preimage(patch, &ce, &st);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+	old_name = patch->old_name;
+
+	if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(new_name)) &&
+			(was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
+		/*
+		 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to
+		 * delete old, immediately followed by a patch to
+		 * create new (see diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case
+		 * it is Ok that the entry to be deleted by the
+		 * previous patch is still in the working tree and in
+		 * the index.
+		 */
+		ok_if_exists = 1;
+	else
+		ok_if_exists = 0;
+
+	if (new_name &&
+	    ((0 < patch->is_new) | (0 < patch->is_rename) | patch->is_copy)) {
+		if (check_index &&
+		    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
+		    !ok_if_exists)
+			return error("%s: already exists in index", new_name);
+		if (!cached) {
+			int err = check_to_create_blob(new_name, ok_if_exists);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		if (!patch->new_mode) {
+			if (0 < patch->is_new)
+				patch->new_mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
+			else
+				patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (new_name && old_name) {
+		int same = !strcmp(old_name, new_name);
+		if (!patch->new_mode)
+			patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode;
+		if ((patch->old_mode ^ patch->new_mode) & S_IFMT)
+			return error("new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)%s%s",
+				patch->new_mode, new_name, patch->old_mode,
+				same ? "" : " of ", same ? "" : old_name);
+	}
+
+	if (apply_data(patch, &st, ce) < 0)
+		return error("%s: patch does not apply", name);
+	patch->rejected = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	prepare_fn_table(patch);
+	while (patch) {
+		if (apply_verbosely)
+			say_patch_name(stderr,
+				       "Checking patch ", patch, "...\n");
+		err |= check_patch(patch);
+		patch = patch->next;
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* This function tries to read the sha1 from the current index */
+static int get_current_sha1(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int pos;
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		return -1;
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return -1;
+	hashcpy(sha1, active_cache[pos]->sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
+static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
+{
+	struct patch *patch;
+	struct index_state result = { NULL };
+	int fd;
+
+	/* Once we start supporting the reverse patch, it may be
+	 * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
+	 */
+	for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1_ptr;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const char *name;
+
+		name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
+		if (0 < patch->is_new)
+			continue;
+		else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
+			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
+			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
+				if (get_current_sha1(patch->new_name, sha1) ||
+				    get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
+						"in current HEAD", name);
+				sha1_ptr = sha1;
+			} else
+				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
+					"(%s).", name);
+		else
+			sha1_ptr = sha1;
+
+		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1_ptr, name, 0, 0);
+		if (!ce)
+			die("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'", name);
+		if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
+			die ("Could not add %s to temporary index", name);
+	}
+
+	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0 || write_index(&result, fd) || close(fd))
+		die ("Could not write temporary index to %s", filename);
+
+	discard_index(&result);
+}
+
+static void stat_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int files, adds, dels;
+
+	for (files = adds = dels = 0 ; patch ; patch = patch->next) {
+		files++;
+		adds += patch->lines_added;
+		dels += patch->lines_deleted;
+		show_stats(patch);
+	}
+
+	printf(" %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n", files, adds, dels);
+}
+
+static void numstat_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
+		const char *name;
+		name = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
+		if (patch->is_binary)
+			printf("-\t-\t");
+		else
+			printf("%d\t%d\t", patch->lines_added, patch->lines_deleted);
+		write_name_quoted(name, stdout, line_termination);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_file_mode_name(const char *newdelete, unsigned int mode, const char *name)
+{
+	if (mode)
+		printf(" %s mode %06o %s\n", newdelete, mode, name);
+	else
+		printf(" %s %s\n", newdelete, name);
+}
+
+static void show_mode_change(struct patch *p, int show_name)
+{
+	if (p->old_mode && p->new_mode && p->old_mode != p->new_mode) {
+		if (show_name)
+			printf(" mode change %06o => %06o %s\n",
+			       p->old_mode, p->new_mode, p->new_name);
+		else
+			printf(" mode change %06o => %06o\n",
+			       p->old_mode, p->new_mode);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_rename_copy(struct patch *p)
+{
+	const char *renamecopy = p->is_rename ? "rename" : "copy";
+	const char *old, *new;
+
+	/* Find common prefix */
+	old = p->old_name;
+	new = p->new_name;
+	while (1) {
+		const char *slash_old, *slash_new;
+		slash_old = strchr(old, '/');
+		slash_new = strchr(new, '/');
+		if (!slash_old ||
+		    !slash_new ||
+		    slash_old - old != slash_new - new ||
+		    memcmp(old, new, slash_new - new))
+			break;
+		old = slash_old + 1;
+		new = slash_new + 1;
+	}
+	/* p->old_name thru old is the common prefix, and old and new
+	 * through the end of names are renames
+	 */
+	if (old != p->old_name)
+		printf(" %s %.*s{%s => %s} (%d%%)\n", renamecopy,
+		       (int)(old - p->old_name), p->old_name,
+		       old, new, p->score);
+	else
+		printf(" %s %s => %s (%d%%)\n", renamecopy,
+		       p->old_name, p->new_name, p->score);
+	show_mode_change(p, 0);
+}
+
+static void summary_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct patch *p;
+
+	for (p = patch; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->is_new)
+			show_file_mode_name("create", p->new_mode, p->new_name);
+		else if (p->is_delete)
+			show_file_mode_name("delete", p->old_mode, p->old_name);
+		else {
+			if (p->is_rename || p->is_copy)
+				show_rename_copy(p);
+			else {
+				if (p->score) {
+					printf(" rewrite %s (%d%%)\n",
+					       p->new_name, p->score);
+					show_mode_change(p, 0);
+				}
+				else
+					show_mode_change(p, 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void patch_stats(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int lines = patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted;
+
+	if (lines > max_change)
+		max_change = lines;
+	if (patch->old_name) {
+		int len = quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
+		if (!len)
+			len = strlen(patch->old_name);
+		if (len > max_len)
+			max_len = len;
+	}
+	if (patch->new_name) {
+		int len = quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
+		if (!len)
+			len = strlen(patch->new_name);
+		if (len > max_len)
+			max_len = len;
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_file(struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
+{
+	if (update_index) {
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(patch->old_name) < 0)
+			die("unable to remove %s from index", patch->old_name);
+	}
+	if (!cached) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (rmdir(patch->old_name))
+				warning("unable to remove submodule %s",
+					patch->old_name);
+		} else if (!unlink_or_warn(patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
+			remove_path(patch->old_name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_index_file(const char *path, unsigned mode, void *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int namelen = strlen(path);
+	unsigned ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
+
+	if (!update_index)
+		return;
+
+	ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		const char *s = buf;
+
+		if (get_sha1_hex(s + strlen("Subproject commit "), ce->sha1))
+			die("corrupt patch for subproject %s", path);
+	} else {
+		if (!cached) {
+			if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+				die_errno("unable to stat newly created file '%s'",
+					  path);
+			fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
+		}
+		if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, blob_type, ce->sha1) < 0)
+			die("unable to create backing store for newly created file %s", path);
+	}
+	if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
+		die("unable to add cache entry for %s", path);
+}
+
+static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct strbuf nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (!lstat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+			return 0;
+		return mkdir(path, 0777);
+	}
+
+	if (has_symlinks && S_ISLNK(mode))
+		/* Although buf:size is counted string, it also is NUL
+		 * terminated.
+		 */
+		return symlink(buf, path);
+
+	fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, (mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &nbuf)) {
+		size = nbuf.len;
+		buf  = nbuf.buf;
+	}
+	write_or_die(fd, buf, size);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+
+	if (close(fd) < 0)
+		die_errno("closing file '%s'", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We optimistically assume that the directories exist,
+ * which is true 99% of the time anyway. If they don't,
+ * we create them and try again.
+ */
+static void create_one_file(char *path, unsigned mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (cached)
+		return;
+	if (!try_create_file(path, mode, buf, size))
+		return;
+
+	if (errno == ENOENT) {
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories(path))
+			return;
+		if (!try_create_file(path, mode, buf, size))
+			return;
+	}
+
+	if (errno == EEXIST || errno == EACCES) {
+		/* We may be trying to create a file where a directory
+		 * used to be.
+		 */
+		struct stat st;
+		if (!lstat(path, &st) && (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) || !rmdir(path)))
+			errno = EEXIST;
+	}
+
+	if (errno == EEXIST) {
+		unsigned int nr = getpid();
+
+		for (;;) {
+			char newpath[PATH_MAX];
+			mksnpath(newpath, sizeof(newpath), "%s~%u", path, nr);
+			if (!try_create_file(newpath, mode, buf, size)) {
+				if (!rename(newpath, path))
+					return;
+				unlink_or_warn(newpath);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (errno != EEXIST)
+				break;
+			++nr;
+		}
+	}
+	die_errno("unable to write file '%s' mode %o", path, mode);
+}
+
+static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	char *path = patch->new_name;
+	unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
+	unsigned long size = patch->resultsize;
+	char *buf = patch->result;
+
+	if (!mode)
+		mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
+	create_one_file(path, mode, buf, size);
+	add_index_file(path, mode, buf, size);
+}
+
+/* phase zero is to remove, phase one is to create */
+static void write_out_one_result(struct patch *patch, int phase)
+{
+	if (patch->is_delete > 0) {
+		if (phase == 0)
+			remove_file(patch, 1);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (patch->is_new > 0 || patch->is_copy) {
+		if (phase == 1)
+			create_file(patch);
+		return;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Rename or modification boils down to the same
+	 * thing: remove the old, write the new
+	 */
+	if (phase == 0)
+		remove_file(patch, patch->is_rename);
+	if (phase == 1)
+		create_file(patch);
+}
+
+static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	FILE *rej;
+	char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
+	struct fragment *frag;
+	int cnt = 0;
+
+	for (cnt = 0, frag = patch->fragments; frag; frag = frag->next) {
+		if (!frag->rejected)
+			continue;
+		cnt++;
+	}
+
+	if (!cnt) {
+		if (apply_verbosely)
+			say_patch_name(stderr,
+				       "Applied patch ", patch, " cleanly.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* This should not happen, because a removal patch that leaves
+	 * contents are marked "rejected" at the patch level.
+	 */
+	if (!patch->new_name)
+		die("internal error");
+
+	/* Say this even without --verbose */
+	say_patch_name(stderr, "Applying patch ", patch, " with");
+	fprintf(stderr, " %d rejects...\n", cnt);
+
+	cnt = strlen(patch->new_name);
+	if (ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) <= cnt + 5) {
+		cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) - 5;
+		warning("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej",
+			cnt - 1, patch->new_name);
+	}
+	memcpy(namebuf, patch->new_name, cnt);
+	memcpy(namebuf + cnt, ".rej", 5);
+
+	rej = fopen(namebuf, "w");
+	if (!rej)
+		return error("cannot open %s: %s", namebuf, strerror(errno));
+
+	/* Normal git tools never deal with .rej, so do not pretend
+	 * this is a git patch by saying --git nor give extended
+	 * headers.  While at it, maybe please "kompare" that wants
+	 * the trailing TAB and some garbage at the end of line ;-).
+	 */
+	fprintf(rej, "diff a/%s b/%s\t(rejected hunks)\n",
+		patch->new_name, patch->new_name);
+	for (cnt = 1, frag = patch->fragments;
+	     frag;
+	     cnt++, frag = frag->next) {
+		if (!frag->rejected) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Hunk #%d applied cleanly.\n", cnt);
+			continue;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "Rejected hunk #%d.\n", cnt);
+		fprintf(rej, "%.*s", frag->size, frag->patch);
+		if (frag->patch[frag->size-1] != '\n')
+			fputc('\n', rej);
+	}
+	fclose(rej);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int write_out_results(struct patch *list, int skipped_patch)
+{
+	int phase;
+	int errs = 0;
+	struct patch *l;
+
+	if (!list && !skipped_patch)
+		return error("No changes");
+
+	for (phase = 0; phase < 2; phase++) {
+		l = list;
+		while (l) {
+			if (l->rejected)
+				errs = 1;
+			else {
+				write_out_one_result(l, phase);
+				if (phase == 1 && write_out_one_reject(l))
+					errs = 1;
+			}
+			l = l->next;
+		}
+	}
+	return errs;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
+
+static struct string_list limit_by_name;
+static int has_include;
+static void add_name_limit(const char *name, int exclude)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *it;
+
+	it = string_list_append(name, &limit_by_name);
+	it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
+}
+
+static int use_patch(struct patch *p)
+{
+	const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
+	if (0 < prefix_length) {
+		int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
+		if (pathlen <= prefix_length ||
+		    memcmp(prefix, pathname, prefix_length))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
+	for (i = 0; i < limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &limit_by_name.items[i];
+		if (!fnmatch(it->string, pathname, 0))
+			return (it->util != NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
+	 * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
+	 * and such a path is used.
+	 */
+	return !has_include;
+}
+
+
+static void prefix_one(char **name)
+{
+	char *old_name = *name;
+	if (!old_name)
+		return;
+	*name = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, *name));
+	free(old_name);
+}
+
+static void prefix_patches(struct patch *p)
+{
+	if (!prefix || p->is_toplevel_relative)
+		return;
+	for ( ; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->new_name == p->old_name) {
+			char *prefixed = p->new_name;
+			prefix_one(&prefixed);
+			p->new_name = p->old_name = prefixed;
+		}
+		else {
+			prefix_one(&p->new_name);
+			prefix_one(&p->old_name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#define INACCURATE_EOF	(1<<0)
+#define RECOUNT		(1<<1)
+
+static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
+{
+	size_t offset;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct patch *list = NULL, **listp = &list;
+	int skipped_patch = 0;
+
+	/* FIXME - memory leak when using multiple patch files as inputs */
+	memset(&fn_table, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	patch_input_file = filename;
+	read_patch_file(&buf, fd);
+	offset = 0;
+	while (offset < buf.len) {
+		struct patch *patch;
+		int nr;
+
+		patch = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*patch));
+		patch->inaccurate_eof = !!(options & INACCURATE_EOF);
+		patch->recount =  !!(options & RECOUNT);
+		nr = parse_chunk(buf.buf + offset, buf.len - offset, patch);
+		if (nr < 0)
+			break;
+		if (apply_in_reverse)
+			reverse_patches(patch);
+		if (prefix)
+			prefix_patches(patch);
+		if (use_patch(patch)) {
+			patch_stats(patch);
+			*listp = patch;
+			listp = &patch->next;
+		}
+		else {
+			/* perhaps free it a bit better? */
+			free(patch);
+			skipped_patch++;
+		}
+		offset += nr;
+	}
+
+	if (whitespace_error && (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error))
+		apply = 0;
+
+	update_index = check_index && apply;
+	if (update_index && newfd < 0)
+		newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+
+	if (check_index) {
+		if (read_cache() < 0)
+			die("unable to read index file");
+	}
+
+	if ((check || apply) &&
+	    check_patch_list(list) < 0 &&
+	    !apply_with_reject)
+		exit(1);
+
+	if (apply && write_out_results(list, skipped_patch))
+		exit(1);
+
+	if (fake_ancestor)
+		build_fake_ancestor(list, fake_ancestor);
+
+	if (diffstat)
+		stat_patch_list(list);
+
+	if (numstat)
+		numstat_patch_list(list);
+
+	if (summary)
+		summary_patch_list(list);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_apply_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "apply.whitespace"))
+		return git_config_string(&apply_default_whitespace, var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "apply.ignorewhitespace"))
+		return git_config_string(&apply_default_ignorewhitespace, var, value);
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	add_name_limit(arg, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_include(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	add_name_limit(arg, 0);
+	has_include = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_p(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	p_value = atoi(arg);
+	p_value_known = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset)
+		line_termination = '\n';
+	else
+		line_termination = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_space_change(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset)
+		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+	else
+		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_whitespace(const struct option *opt,
+				   const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	const char **whitespace_option = opt->value;
+
+	*whitespace_option = arg;
+	parse_whitespace_option(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_directory(const struct option *opt,
+				  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	root_len = strlen(arg);
+	if (root_len && arg[root_len - 1] != '/') {
+		char *new_root;
+		root = new_root = xmalloc(root_len + 2);
+		strcpy(new_root, arg);
+		strcpy(new_root + root_len++, "/");
+	} else
+		root = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+	int is_not_gitdir;
+	int binary;
+	int force_apply = 0;
+
+	const char *whitespace_option = NULL;
+
+	struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", NULL, "path",
+			"don't apply changes matching the given path",
+			0, option_parse_exclude },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", NULL, "path",
+			"apply changes matching the given path",
+			0, option_parse_include },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, "num",
+			"remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths",
+			0, option_parse_p },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-add", &no_add,
+			"ignore additions made by the patch"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &diffstat,
+			"instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"),
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-binary-replacement", &binary,
+		  NULL, "old option, now no-op",
+		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "binary", &binary,
+		  NULL, "old option, now no-op",
+		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
+			"shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
+			"instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
+			"instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "index", &check_index,
+			"make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+			"apply a patch without touching the working tree"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
+			"also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"),
+		OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &fake_ancestor,
+			"build a temporary index based on embedded index information"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
+			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
+		OPT_INTEGER('C', NULL, &p_context,
+				"ensure at least <n> lines of context match"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", &whitespace_option, "action",
+			"detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors",
+			0, option_parse_whitespace },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-space-change", NULL, NULL,
+			"ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", NULL, NULL,
+			"ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
+			"apply the patch in reverse"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
+			"don't expect at least one line of context"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
+			"leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
+			"tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file",
+			INACCURATE_EOF),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "recount", &options,
+			"do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers",
+			RECOUNT),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", NULL, "root",
+			"prepend <root> to all filenames",
+			0, option_parse_directory },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&is_not_gitdir);
+	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	git_config(git_apply_config, NULL);
+	if (apply_default_whitespace)
+		parse_whitespace_option(apply_default_whitespace);
+	if (apply_default_ignorewhitespace)
+		parse_ignorewhitespace_option(apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_apply_options,
+			apply_usage, 0);
+
+	if (apply_with_reject)
+		apply = apply_verbosely = 1;
+	if (!force_apply && (diffstat || numstat || summary || check || fake_ancestor))
+		apply = 0;
+	if (check_index && is_not_gitdir)
+		die("--index outside a repository");
+	if (cached) {
+		if (is_not_gitdir)
+			die("--cached outside a repository");
+		check_index = 1;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		int fd;
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
+			errs |= apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", options);
+			read_stdin = 0;
+			continue;
+		} else if (0 < prefix_length)
+			arg = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
+
+		fd = open(arg, O_RDONLY);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			die_errno("can't open patch '%s'", arg);
+		read_stdin = 0;
+		set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
+		errs |= apply_patch(fd, arg, options);
+		close(fd);
+	}
+	set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
+	if (read_stdin)
+		errs |= apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", options);
+	if (whitespace_error) {
+		if (squelch_whitespace_errors &&
+		    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error) {
+			int squelched =
+				whitespace_error - squelch_whitespace_errors;
+			warning("squelched %d "
+				"whitespace error%s",
+				squelched,
+				squelched == 1 ? "" : "s");
+		}
+		if (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
+			die("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
+			    whitespace_error,
+			    whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
+			    whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
+		if (applied_after_fixing_ws && apply)
+			warning("%d line%s applied after"
+				" fixing whitespace errors.",
+				applied_after_fixing_ws,
+				applied_after_fixing_ws == 1 ? "" : "s");
+		else if (whitespace_error)
+			warning("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
+				whitespace_error,
+				whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
+				whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
+	}
+
+	if (update_index) {
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	}
+
+	return !!errs;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-archive.c b/builtin-archive.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a887f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-archive.c
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Franck Bui-Huu
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Rene Scharfe
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "archive.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+
+static void create_output_file(const char *output_file)
+{
+	int output_fd = open(output_file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+	if (output_fd < 0)
+		die_errno("could not create archive file '%s'", output_file);
+	if (output_fd != 1) {
+		if (dup2(output_fd, 1) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not redirect output");
+		else
+			close(output_fd);
+	}
+}
+
+static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
+			       const char *remote, const char *exec)
+{
+	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
+	int fd[2], i, len, rv;
+	struct transport *transport;
+	struct remote *_remote;
+
+	_remote = remote_get(remote);
+	if (!_remote->url[0])
+		die("git archive: Remote with no URL");
+	transport = transport_get(_remote, _remote->url[0]);
+	transport_connect(transport, "git-upload-archive", exec, fd);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		packet_write(fd[1], "argument %s\n", argv[i]);
+	packet_flush(fd[1]);
+
+	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (!len)
+		die("git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
+	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
+		buf[--len] = 0;
+	if (strcmp(buf, "ACK")) {
+		if (len > 5 && !prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
+			die("git archive: NACK %s", buf + 5);
+		die("git archive: protocol error");
+	}
+
+	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (len)
+		die("git archive: expected a flush");
+
+	/* Now, start reading from fd[0] and spit it out to stdout */
+	rv = recv_sideband("archive", fd[0], 1);
+	rv |= transport_disconnect(transport);
+
+	return !!rv;
+}
+
+static const char *format_from_name(const char *filename)
+{
+	const char *ext = strrchr(filename, '.');
+	if (!ext)
+		return NULL;
+	ext++;
+	if (!strcasecmp(ext, "zip"))
+		return "--format=zip";
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#define PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ALL ( PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH | 	\
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | 	\
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |	\
+			     PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP	)
+
+int cmd_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *exec = "git-upload-archive";
+	const char *output = NULL;
+	const char *remote = NULL;
+	const char *format_option = NULL;
+	struct option local_opts[] = {
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
+			"write the archive to this file"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
+			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
+			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, local_opts, NULL,
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ALL);
+
+	if (output) {
+		create_output_file(output);
+		format_option = format_from_name(output);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We have enough room in argv[] to muck it in place, because
+	 * --output must have been given on the original command line
+	 * if we get to this point, and parse_options() must have eaten
+	 * it, i.e. we can add back one element to the array.
+	 *
+	 * We add a fake --format option at the beginning, with the
+	 * format inferred from our output filename.  This way explicit
+	 * --format options can override it, and the fake option is
+	 * inserted before any "--" that might have been given.
+	 */
+	if (format_option) {
+		memmove(argv + 2, argv + 1, sizeof(*argv) * argc);
+		argv[1] = format_option;
+		argv[++argc] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (remote)
+		return run_remote_archiver(argc, argv, remote, exec);
+
+	setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
+
+	return write_archive(argc, argv, prefix, 1);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-bisect--helper.c b/builtin-bisect--helper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b22639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-bisect--helper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "bisect.h"
+
+static const char * const git_bisect_helper_usage[] = {
+	"git bisect--helper --next-all",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_bisect__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int next_all = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "next-all", &next_all,
+			    "perform 'git bisect next'"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     git_bisect_helper_usage, 0);
+
+	if (!next_all)
+		usage_with_options(git_bisect_helper_usage, options);
+
+	/* next-all */
+	return bisect_next_all(prefix);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-blame.c b/builtin-blame.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6408ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-blame.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2477 @@
+/*
+ * Blame
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006, Junio C Hamano
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+static char blame_usage[] = "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file";
+
+static const char *blame_opt_usage[] = {
+	blame_usage,
+	"",
+	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int longest_file;
+static int longest_author;
+static int max_orig_digits;
+static int max_digits;
+static int max_score_digits;
+static int show_root;
+static int reverse;
+static int blank_boundary;
+static int incremental;
+static int xdl_opts = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+
+static enum date_mode blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
+static size_t blame_date_width;
+
+static struct string_list mailmap;
+
+#ifndef DEBUG
+#define DEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+/* stats */
+static int num_read_blob;
+static int num_get_patch;
+static int num_commits;
+
+#define PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE		01
+#define PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY		02
+#define PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDER	04
+#define PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDEST	010
+
+/*
+ * blame for a blame_entry with score lower than these thresholds
+ * is not passed to the parent using move/copy logic.
+ */
+static unsigned blame_move_score;
+static unsigned blame_copy_score;
+#define BLAME_DEFAULT_MOVE_SCORE	20
+#define BLAME_DEFAULT_COPY_SCORE	40
+
+/* bits #0..7 in revision.h, #8..11 used for merge_bases() in commit.c */
+#define METAINFO_SHOWN		(1u<<12)
+#define MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH	(1u<<13)
+
+/*
+ * One blob in a commit that is being suspected
+ */
+struct origin {
+	int refcnt;
+	struct origin *previous;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	mmfile_t file;
+	unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
+	char path[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Given an origin, prepare mmfile_t structure to be used by the
+ * diff machinery
+ */
+static void fill_origin_blob(struct origin *o, mmfile_t *file)
+{
+	if (!o->file.ptr) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		num_read_blob++;
+		file->ptr = read_sha1_file(o->blob_sha1, &type,
+					   (unsigned long *)(&(file->size)));
+		if (!file->ptr)
+			die("Cannot read blob %s for path %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(o->blob_sha1),
+			    o->path);
+		o->file = *file;
+	}
+	else
+		*file = o->file;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Origin is refcounted and usually we keep the blob contents to be
+ * reused.
+ */
+static inline struct origin *origin_incref(struct origin *o)
+{
+	if (o)
+		o->refcnt++;
+	return o;
+}
+
+static void origin_decref(struct origin *o)
+{
+	if (o && --o->refcnt <= 0) {
+		if (o->previous)
+			origin_decref(o->previous);
+		free(o->file.ptr);
+		free(o);
+	}
+}
+
+static void drop_origin_blob(struct origin *o)
+{
+	if (o->file.ptr) {
+		free(o->file.ptr);
+		o->file.ptr = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Each group of lines is described by a blame_entry; it can be split
+ * as we pass blame to the parents.  They form a linked list in the
+ * scoreboard structure, sorted by the target line number.
+ */
+struct blame_entry {
+	struct blame_entry *prev;
+	struct blame_entry *next;
+
+	/* the first line of this group in the final image;
+	 * internally all line numbers are 0 based.
+	 */
+	int lno;
+
+	/* how many lines this group has */
+	int num_lines;
+
+	/* the commit that introduced this group into the final image */
+	struct origin *suspect;
+
+	/* true if the suspect is truly guilty; false while we have not
+	 * checked if the group came from one of its parents.
+	 */
+	char guilty;
+
+	/* true if the entry has been scanned for copies in the current parent
+	 */
+	char scanned;
+
+	/* the line number of the first line of this group in the
+	 * suspect's file; internally all line numbers are 0 based.
+	 */
+	int s_lno;
+
+	/* how significant this entry is -- cached to avoid
+	 * scanning the lines over and over.
+	 */
+	unsigned score;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The current state of the blame assignment.
+ */
+struct scoreboard {
+	/* the final commit (i.e. where we started digging from) */
+	struct commit *final;
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+	const char *path;
+
+	/*
+	 * The contents in the final image.
+	 * Used by many functions to obtain contents of the nth line,
+	 * indexed with scoreboard.lineno[blame_entry.lno].
+	 */
+	const char *final_buf;
+	unsigned long final_buf_size;
+
+	/* linked list of blames */
+	struct blame_entry *ent;
+
+	/* look-up a line in the final buffer */
+	int num_lines;
+	int *lineno;
+};
+
+static inline int same_suspect(struct origin *a, struct origin *b)
+{
+	if (a == b)
+		return 1;
+	if (a->commit != b->commit)
+		return 0;
+	return !strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+}
+
+static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct scoreboard *);
+
+/*
+ * If two blame entries that are next to each other came from
+ * contiguous lines in the same origin (i.e. <commit, path> pair),
+ * merge them together.
+ */
+static void coalesce(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *ent, *next;
+
+	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && (next = ent->next); ent = next) {
+		if (same_suspect(ent->suspect, next->suspect) &&
+		    ent->guilty == next->guilty &&
+		    ent->s_lno + ent->num_lines == next->s_lno) {
+			ent->num_lines += next->num_lines;
+			ent->next = next->next;
+			if (ent->next)
+				ent->next->prev = ent;
+			origin_decref(next->suspect);
+			free(next);
+			ent->score = 0;
+			next = ent; /* again */
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (DEBUG) /* sanity */
+		sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a commit and a path in it, create a new origin structure.
+ * The callers that add blame to the scoreboard should use
+ * get_origin() to obtain shared, refcounted copy instead of calling
+ * this function directly.
+ */
+static struct origin *make_origin(struct commit *commit, const char *path)
+{
+	struct origin *o;
+	o = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*o) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	o->commit = commit;
+	o->refcnt = 1;
+	strcpy(o->path, path);
+	return o;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Locate an existing origin or create a new one.
+ */
+static struct origin *get_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				 struct commit *commit,
+				 const char *path)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+
+	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
+		if (e->suspect->commit == commit &&
+		    !strcmp(e->suspect->path, path))
+			return origin_incref(e->suspect);
+	}
+	return make_origin(commit, path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fill the blob_sha1 field of an origin if it hasn't, so that later
+ * call to fill_origin_blob() can use it to locate the data.  blob_sha1
+ * for an origin is also used to pass the blame for the entire file to
+ * the parent to detect the case where a child's blob is identical to
+ * that of its parent's.
+ */
+static int fill_blob_sha1(struct origin *origin)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(origin->blob_sha1))
+		return 0;
+	if (get_tree_entry(origin->commit->object.sha1,
+			   origin->path,
+			   origin->blob_sha1, &mode))
+		goto error_out;
+	if (sha1_object_info(origin->blob_sha1, NULL) != OBJ_BLOB)
+		goto error_out;
+	return 0;
+ error_out:
+	hashclr(origin->blob_sha1);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We have an origin -- check if the same path exists in the
+ * parent and return an origin structure to represent it.
+ */
+static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				  struct commit *parent,
+				  struct origin *origin)
+{
+	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
+	struct diff_options diff_opts;
+	const char *paths[2];
+
+	if (parent->util) {
+		/*
+		 * Each commit object can cache one origin in that
+		 * commit.  This is a freestanding copy of origin and
+		 * not refcounted.
+		 */
+		struct origin *cached = parent->util;
+		if (!strcmp(cached->path, origin->path)) {
+			/*
+			 * The same path between origin and its parent
+			 * without renaming -- the most common case.
+			 */
+			porigin = get_origin(sb, parent, cached->path);
+
+			/*
+			 * If the origin was newly created (i.e. get_origin
+			 * would call make_origin if none is found in the
+			 * scoreboard), it does not know the blob_sha1,
+			 * so copy it.  Otherwise porigin was in the
+			 * scoreboard and already knows blob_sha1.
+			 */
+			if (porigin->refcnt == 1)
+				hashcpy(porigin->blob_sha1, cached->blob_sha1);
+			return porigin;
+		}
+		/* otherwise it was not very useful; free it */
+		free(parent->util);
+		parent->util = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* See if the origin->path is different between parent
+	 * and origin first.  Most of the time they are the
+	 * same and diff-tree is fairly efficient about this.
+	 */
+	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
+	diff_opts.detect_rename = 0;
+	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	paths[0] = origin->path;
+	paths[1] = NULL;
+
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
+	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
+		die("diff-setup");
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
+		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
+	else
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       origin->commit->tree->object.sha1,
+			       "", &diff_opts);
+	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
+
+	if (!diff_queued_diff.nr) {
+		/* The path is the same as parent */
+		porigin = get_origin(sb, parent, origin->path);
+		hashcpy(porigin->blob_sha1, origin->blob_sha1);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Since origin->path is a pathspec, if the parent
+		 * commit had it as a directory, we will see a whole
+		 * bunch of deletion of files in the directory that we
+		 * do not care about.
+		 */
+		int i;
+		struct diff_filepair *p = NULL;
+		for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+			const char *name;
+			p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+			name = p->one->path ? p->one->path : p->two->path;
+			if (!strcmp(name, origin->path))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (!p)
+			die("internal error in blame::find_origin");
+		switch (p->status) {
+		default:
+			die("internal error in blame::find_origin (%c)",
+			    p->status);
+		case 'M':
+			porigin = get_origin(sb, parent, origin->path);
+			hashcpy(porigin->blob_sha1, p->one->sha1);
+			break;
+		case 'A':
+		case 'T':
+			/* Did not exist in parent, or type changed */
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	if (porigin) {
+		/*
+		 * Create a freestanding copy that is not part of
+		 * the refcounted origin found in the scoreboard, and
+		 * cache it in the commit.
+		 */
+		struct origin *cached;
+
+		cached = make_origin(porigin->commit, porigin->path);
+		hashcpy(cached->blob_sha1, porigin->blob_sha1);
+		parent->util = cached;
+	}
+	return porigin;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We have an origin -- find the path that corresponds to it in its
+ * parent and return an origin structure to represent it.
+ */
+static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				  struct commit *parent,
+				  struct origin *origin)
+{
+	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
+	struct diff_options diff_opts;
+	int i;
+	const char *paths[2];
+
+	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
+	diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
+	paths[0] = NULL;
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
+	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
+		die("diff-setup");
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
+		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
+	else
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       origin->commit->tree->object.sha1,
+			       "", &diff_opts);
+	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') &&
+		    !strcmp(p->two->path, origin->path)) {
+			porigin = get_origin(sb, parent, p->one->path);
+			hashcpy(porigin->blob_sha1, p->one->sha1);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	return porigin;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Link in a new blame entry to the scoreboard.  Entries that cover the
+ * same line range have been removed from the scoreboard previously.
+ */
+static void add_blame_entry(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *ent, *prev = NULL;
+
+	origin_incref(e->suspect);
+
+	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && ent->lno < e->lno; ent = ent->next)
+		prev = ent;
+
+	/* prev, if not NULL, is the last one that is below e */
+	e->prev = prev;
+	if (prev) {
+		e->next = prev->next;
+		prev->next = e;
+	}
+	else {
+		e->next = sb->ent;
+		sb->ent = e;
+	}
+	if (e->next)
+		e->next->prev = e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * src typically is on-stack; we want to copy the information in it to
+ * a malloced blame_entry that is already on the linked list of the
+ * scoreboard.  The origin of dst loses a refcnt while the origin of src
+ * gains one.
+ */
+static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *p, *n;
+
+	p = dst->prev;
+	n = dst->next;
+	origin_incref(src->suspect);
+	origin_decref(dst->suspect);
+	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(*src));
+	dst->prev = p;
+	dst->next = n;
+	dst->score = 0;
+}
+
+static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, int lno)
+{
+	return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
+}
+
+/*
+ * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
+ * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
+ * line plno corresponds to e's line tlno.
+ *
+ *                <---- e ----->
+ *                   <------>
+ *                   <------------>
+ *             <------------>
+ *             <------------------>
+ *
+ * Split e into potentially three parts; before this chunk, the chunk
+ * to be blamed for the parent, and after that portion.
+ */
+static void split_overlap(struct blame_entry *split,
+			  struct blame_entry *e,
+			  int tlno, int plno, int same,
+			  struct origin *parent)
+{
+	int chunk_end_lno;
+	memset(split, 0, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));
+
+	if (e->s_lno < tlno) {
+		/* there is a pre-chunk part not blamed on parent */
+		split[0].suspect = origin_incref(e->suspect);
+		split[0].lno = e->lno;
+		split[0].s_lno = e->s_lno;
+		split[0].num_lines = tlno - e->s_lno;
+		split[1].lno = e->lno + tlno - e->s_lno;
+		split[1].s_lno = plno;
+	}
+	else {
+		split[1].lno = e->lno;
+		split[1].s_lno = plno + (e->s_lno - tlno);
+	}
+
+	if (same < e->s_lno + e->num_lines) {
+		/* there is a post-chunk part not blamed on parent */
+		split[2].suspect = origin_incref(e->suspect);
+		split[2].lno = e->lno + (same - e->s_lno);
+		split[2].s_lno = e->s_lno + (same - e->s_lno);
+		split[2].num_lines = e->s_lno + e->num_lines - same;
+		chunk_end_lno = split[2].lno;
+	}
+	else
+		chunk_end_lno = e->lno + e->num_lines;
+	split[1].num_lines = chunk_end_lno - split[1].lno;
+
+	/*
+	 * if it turns out there is nothing to blame the parent for,
+	 * forget about the splitting.  !split[1].suspect signals this.
+	 */
+	if (split[1].num_lines < 1)
+		return;
+	split[1].suspect = origin_incref(parent);
+}
+
+/*
+ * split_overlap() divided an existing blame e into up to three parts
+ * in split.  Adjust the linked list of blames in the scoreboard to
+ * reflect the split.
+ */
+static void split_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			struct blame_entry *split,
+			struct blame_entry *e)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *new_entry;
+
+	if (split[0].suspect && split[2].suspect) {
+		/* The first part (reuse storage for the existing entry e) */
+		dup_entry(e, &split[0]);
+
+		/* The last part -- me */
+		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
+		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[2]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
+		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+
+		/* ... and the middle part -- parent */
+		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
+		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[1]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
+		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+	}
+	else if (!split[0].suspect && !split[2].suspect)
+		/*
+		 * The parent covers the entire area; reuse storage for
+		 * e and replace it with the parent.
+		 */
+		dup_entry(e, &split[1]);
+	else if (split[0].suspect) {
+		/* me and then parent */
+		dup_entry(e, &split[0]);
+
+		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
+		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[1]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
+		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+	}
+	else {
+		/* parent and then me */
+		dup_entry(e, &split[1]);
+
+		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
+		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[2]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
+		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+	}
+
+	if (DEBUG) { /* sanity */
+		struct blame_entry *ent;
+		int lno = sb->ent->lno, corrupt = 0;
+
+		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+			if (lno != ent->lno)
+				corrupt = 1;
+			if (ent->s_lno < 0)
+				corrupt = 1;
+			lno += ent->num_lines;
+		}
+		if (corrupt) {
+			lno = sb->ent->lno;
+			for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+				printf("L %8d l %8d n %8d\n",
+				       lno, ent->lno, ent->num_lines);
+				lno = ent->lno + ent->num_lines;
+			}
+			die("oops");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * After splitting the blame, the origins used by the
+ * on-stack blame_entry should lose one refcnt each.
+ */
+static void decref_split(struct blame_entry *split)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		origin_decref(split[i].suspect);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper for blame_chunk().  blame_entry e is known to overlap with
+ * the patch hunk; split it and pass blame to the parent.
+ */
+static void blame_overlap(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e,
+			  int tlno, int plno, int same,
+			  struct origin *parent)
+{
+	struct blame_entry split[3];
+
+	split_overlap(split, e, tlno, plno, same, parent);
+	if (split[1].suspect)
+		split_blame(sb, split, e);
+	decref_split(split);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the line number of the last line the target is suspected for.
+ */
+static int find_last_in_target(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *target)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+	int last_in_target = -1;
+
+	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
+		if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target))
+			continue;
+		if (last_in_target < e->s_lno + e->num_lines)
+			last_in_target = e->s_lno + e->num_lines;
+	}
+	return last_in_target;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process one hunk from the patch between the current suspect for
+ * blame_entry e and its parent.  Find and split the overlap, and
+ * pass blame to the overlapping part to the parent.
+ */
+static void blame_chunk(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			int tlno, int plno, int same,
+			struct origin *target, struct origin *parent)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+
+	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
+		if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target))
+			continue;
+		if (same <= e->s_lno)
+			continue;
+		if (tlno < e->s_lno + e->num_lines)
+			blame_overlap(sb, e, tlno, plno, same, parent);
+	}
+}
+
+struct blame_chunk_cb_data {
+	struct scoreboard *sb;
+	struct origin *target;
+	struct origin *parent;
+	long plno;
+	long tlno;
+};
+
+static void blame_chunk_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
+{
+	struct blame_chunk_cb_data *d = data;
+	blame_chunk(d->sb, d->tlno, d->plno, same, d->target, d->parent);
+	d->plno = p_next;
+	d->tlno = t_next;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are looking at the origin 'target' and aiming to pass blame
+ * for the lines it is suspected to its parent.  Run diff to find
+ * which lines came from parent and pass blame for them.
+ */
+static int pass_blame_to_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				struct origin *target,
+				struct origin *parent)
+{
+	int last_in_target;
+	mmfile_t file_p, file_o;
+	struct blame_chunk_cb_data d = { sb, target, parent, 0, 0 };
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
+	last_in_target = find_last_in_target(sb, target);
+	if (last_in_target < 0)
+		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+
+	fill_origin_blob(parent, &file_p);
+	fill_origin_blob(target, &file_o);
+	num_get_patch++;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = 0;
+	xdi_diff_hunks(&file_p, &file_o, blame_chunk_cb, &d, &xpp, &xecfg);
+	/* The rest (i.e. anything after tlno) are the same as the parent */
+	blame_chunk(sb, d.tlno, d.plno, last_in_target, target, parent);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The lines in blame_entry after splitting blames many times can become
+ * very small and trivial, and at some point it becomes pointless to
+ * blame the parents.  E.g. "\t\t}\n\t}\n\n" appears everywhere in any
+ * ordinary C program, and it is not worth to say it was copied from
+ * totally unrelated file in the parent.
+ *
+ * Compute how trivial the lines in the blame_entry are.
+ */
+static unsigned ent_score(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e)
+{
+	unsigned score;
+	const char *cp, *ep;
+
+	if (e->score)
+		return e->score;
+
+	score = 1;
+	cp = nth_line(sb, e->lno);
+	ep = nth_line(sb, e->lno + e->num_lines);
+	while (cp < ep) {
+		unsigned ch = *((unsigned char *)cp);
+		if (isalnum(ch))
+			score++;
+		cp++;
+	}
+	e->score = score;
+	return score;
+}
+
+/*
+ * best_so_far[] and this[] are both a split of an existing blame_entry
+ * that passes blame to the parent.  Maintain best_so_far the best split
+ * so far, by comparing this and best_so_far and copying this into
+ * bst_so_far as needed.
+ */
+static void copy_split_if_better(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				 struct blame_entry *best_so_far,
+				 struct blame_entry *this)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!this[1].suspect)
+		return;
+	if (best_so_far[1].suspect) {
+		if (ent_score(sb, &this[1]) < ent_score(sb, &best_so_far[1]))
+			return;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		origin_incref(this[i].suspect);
+	decref_split(best_so_far);
+	memcpy(best_so_far, this, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are looking at a part of the final image represented by
+ * ent (tlno and same are offset by ent->s_lno).
+ * tlno is where we are looking at in the final image.
+ * up to (but not including) same match preimage.
+ * plno is where we are looking at in the preimage.
+ *
+ * <-------------- final image ---------------------->
+ *       <------ent------>
+ *         ^tlno ^same
+ *    <---------preimage----->
+ *         ^plno
+ *
+ * All line numbers are 0-based.
+ */
+static void handle_split(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			 struct blame_entry *ent,
+			 int tlno, int plno, int same,
+			 struct origin *parent,
+			 struct blame_entry *split)
+{
+	if (ent->num_lines <= tlno)
+		return;
+	if (tlno < same) {
+		struct blame_entry this[3];
+		tlno += ent->s_lno;
+		same += ent->s_lno;
+		split_overlap(this, ent, tlno, plno, same, parent);
+		copy_split_if_better(sb, split, this);
+		decref_split(this);
+	}
+}
+
+struct handle_split_cb_data {
+	struct scoreboard *sb;
+	struct blame_entry *ent;
+	struct origin *parent;
+	struct blame_entry *split;
+	long plno;
+	long tlno;
+};
+
+static void handle_split_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
+{
+	struct handle_split_cb_data *d = data;
+	handle_split(d->sb, d->ent, d->tlno, d->plno, same, d->parent, d->split);
+	d->plno = p_next;
+	d->tlno = t_next;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the lines from parent that are the same as ent so that
+ * we can pass blames to it.  file_p has the blob contents for
+ * the parent.
+ */
+static void find_copy_in_blob(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			      struct blame_entry *ent,
+			      struct origin *parent,
+			      struct blame_entry *split,
+			      mmfile_t *file_p)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	int cnt;
+	mmfile_t file_o;
+	struct handle_split_cb_data d = { sb, ent, parent, split, 0, 0 };
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
+	/*
+	 * Prepare mmfile that contains only the lines in ent.
+	 */
+	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
+	file_o.ptr = (char *) cp;
+	cnt = ent->num_lines;
+
+	while (cnt && cp < sb->final_buf + sb->final_buf_size) {
+		if (*cp++ == '\n')
+			cnt--;
+	}
+	file_o.size = cp - file_o.ptr;
+
+	/*
+	 * file_o is a part of final image we are annotating.
+	 * file_p partially may match that image.
+	 */
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = 1;
+	memset(split, 0, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));
+	xdi_diff_hunks(file_p, &file_o, handle_split_cb, &d, &xpp, &xecfg);
+	/* remainder, if any, all match the preimage */
+	handle_split(sb, ent, d.tlno, d.plno, ent->num_lines, parent, split);
+}
+
+/*
+ * See if lines currently target is suspected for can be attributed to
+ * parent.
+ */
+static int find_move_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			       struct origin *target,
+			       struct origin *parent)
+{
+	int last_in_target, made_progress;
+	struct blame_entry *e, split[3];
+	mmfile_t file_p;
+
+	last_in_target = find_last_in_target(sb, target);
+	if (last_in_target < 0)
+		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+
+	fill_origin_blob(parent, &file_p);
+	if (!file_p.ptr)
+		return 0;
+
+	made_progress = 1;
+	while (made_progress) {
+		made_progress = 0;
+		for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
+			if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target) ||
+			    ent_score(sb, e) < blame_move_score)
+				continue;
+			find_copy_in_blob(sb, e, parent, split, &file_p);
+			if (split[1].suspect &&
+			    blame_move_score < ent_score(sb, &split[1])) {
+				split_blame(sb, split, e);
+				made_progress = 1;
+			}
+			decref_split(split);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct blame_list {
+	struct blame_entry *ent;
+	struct blame_entry split[3];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Count the number of entries the target is suspected for,
+ * and prepare a list of entry and the best split.
+ */
+static struct blame_list *setup_blame_list(struct scoreboard *sb,
+					   struct origin *target,
+					   int min_score,
+					   int *num_ents_p)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+	int num_ents, i;
+	struct blame_list *blame_list = NULL;
+
+	for (e = sb->ent, num_ents = 0; e; e = e->next)
+		if (!e->scanned && !e->guilty &&
+		    same_suspect(e->suspect, target) &&
+		    min_score < ent_score(sb, e))
+			num_ents++;
+	if (num_ents) {
+		blame_list = xcalloc(num_ents, sizeof(struct blame_list));
+		for (e = sb->ent, i = 0; e; e = e->next)
+			if (!e->scanned && !e->guilty &&
+			    same_suspect(e->suspect, target) &&
+			    min_score < ent_score(sb, e))
+				blame_list[i++].ent = e;
+	}
+	*num_ents_p = num_ents;
+	return blame_list;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the scanned status on all entries.
+ */
+static void reset_scanned_flag(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next)
+		e->scanned = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For lines target is suspected for, see if we can find code movement
+ * across file boundary from the parent commit.  porigin is the path
+ * in the parent we already tried.
+ */
+static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			       struct origin *target,
+			       struct commit *parent,
+			       struct origin *porigin,
+			       int opt)
+{
+	struct diff_options diff_opts;
+	const char *paths[1];
+	int i, j;
+	int retval;
+	struct blame_list *blame_list;
+	int num_ents;
+
+	blame_list = setup_blame_list(sb, target, blame_copy_score, &num_ents);
+	if (!blame_list)
+		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+
+	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
+	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+
+	paths[0] = NULL;
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
+	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
+		die("diff-setup");
+
+	/* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
+	 * we do not want to use diffcore_rename() actually to
+	 * match things up; find_copies_harder is set only to
+	 * force diff_tree_sha1() to feed all filepairs to diff_queue,
+	 * and this code needs to be after diff_setup_done(), which
+	 * usually makes find-copies-harder imply copy detection.
+	 */
+	if ((opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDEST)
+	    || ((opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDER)
+		&& (!porigin || strcmp(target->path, porigin->path))))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(target->commit->object.sha1))
+		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
+	else
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       target->commit->tree->object.sha1,
+			       "", &diff_opts);
+
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
+		diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
+
+	retval = 0;
+	while (1) {
+		int made_progress = 0;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+			struct origin *norigin;
+			mmfile_t file_p;
+			struct blame_entry this[3];
+
+			if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one))
+				continue; /* does not exist in parent */
+			if (S_ISGITLINK(p->one->mode))
+				continue; /* ignore git links */
+			if (porigin && !strcmp(p->one->path, porigin->path))
+				/* find_move already dealt with this path */
+				continue;
+
+			norigin = get_origin(sb, parent, p->one->path);
+			hashcpy(norigin->blob_sha1, p->one->sha1);
+			fill_origin_blob(norigin, &file_p);
+			if (!file_p.ptr)
+				continue;
+
+			for (j = 0; j < num_ents; j++) {
+				find_copy_in_blob(sb, blame_list[j].ent,
+						  norigin, this, &file_p);
+				copy_split_if_better(sb, blame_list[j].split,
+						     this);
+				decref_split(this);
+			}
+			origin_decref(norigin);
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < num_ents; j++) {
+			struct blame_entry *split = blame_list[j].split;
+			if (split[1].suspect &&
+			    blame_copy_score < ent_score(sb, &split[1])) {
+				split_blame(sb, split, blame_list[j].ent);
+				made_progress = 1;
+			}
+			else
+				blame_list[j].ent->scanned = 1;
+			decref_split(split);
+		}
+		free(blame_list);
+
+		if (!made_progress)
+			break;
+		blame_list = setup_blame_list(sb, target, blame_copy_score, &num_ents);
+		if (!blame_list) {
+			retval = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	reset_scanned_flag(sb);
+	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The blobs of origin and porigin exactly match, so everything
+ * origin is suspected for can be blamed on the parent.
+ */
+static void pass_whole_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
+			     struct origin *origin, struct origin *porigin)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+
+	if (!porigin->file.ptr && origin->file.ptr) {
+		/* Steal its file */
+		porigin->file = origin->file;
+		origin->file.ptr = NULL;
+	}
+	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
+		if (!same_suspect(e->suspect, origin))
+			continue;
+		origin_incref(porigin);
+		origin_decref(e->suspect);
+		e->suspect = porigin;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * We pass blame from the current commit to its parents.  We keep saying
+ * "parent" (and "porigin"), but what we mean is to find scapegoat to
+ * exonerate ourselves.
+ */
+static struct commit_list *first_scapegoat(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (!reverse)
+		return commit->parents;
+	return lookup_decoration(&revs->children, &commit->object);
+}
+
+static int num_scapegoats(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int cnt;
+	struct commit_list *l = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+	for (cnt = 0; l; l = l->next)
+		cnt++;
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+#define MAXSG 16
+
+static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
+{
+	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+	int i, pass, num_sg;
+	struct commit *commit = origin->commit;
+	struct commit_list *sg;
+	struct origin *sg_buf[MAXSG];
+	struct origin *porigin, **sg_origin = sg_buf;
+
+	num_sg = num_scapegoats(revs, commit);
+	if (!num_sg)
+		goto finish;
+	else if (num_sg < ARRAY_SIZE(sg_buf))
+		memset(sg_buf, 0, sizeof(sg_buf));
+	else
+		sg_origin = xcalloc(num_sg, sizeof(*sg_origin));
+
+	/*
+	 * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
+	 * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
+	 */
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+		struct origin *(*find)(struct scoreboard *,
+				       struct commit *, struct origin *);
+		find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;
+
+		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+		     i < num_sg && sg;
+		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
+			struct commit *p = sg->item;
+			int j, same;
+
+			if (sg_origin[i])
+				continue;
+			if (parse_commit(p))
+				continue;
+			porigin = find(sb, p, origin);
+			if (!porigin)
+				continue;
+			if (!hashcmp(porigin->blob_sha1, origin->blob_sha1)) {
+				pass_whole_blame(sb, origin, porigin);
+				origin_decref(porigin);
+				goto finish;
+			}
+			for (j = same = 0; j < i; j++)
+				if (sg_origin[j] &&
+				    !hashcmp(sg_origin[j]->blob_sha1,
+					     porigin->blob_sha1)) {
+					same = 1;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (!same)
+				sg_origin[i] = porigin;
+			else
+				origin_decref(porigin);
+		}
+	}
+
+	num_commits++;
+	for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+	     i < num_sg && sg;
+	     sg = sg->next, i++) {
+		struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
+		if (!porigin)
+			continue;
+		if (!origin->previous) {
+			origin_incref(porigin);
+			origin->previous = porigin;
+		}
+		if (pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin))
+			goto finish;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Optionally find moves in parents' files.
+	 */
+	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE)
+		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+		     i < num_sg && sg;
+		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
+			struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
+			if (!porigin)
+				continue;
+			if (find_move_in_parent(sb, origin, porigin))
+				goto finish;
+		}
+
+	/*
+	 * Optionally find copies from parents' files.
+	 */
+	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY)
+		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+		     i < num_sg && sg;
+		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
+			struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
+			if (find_copy_in_parent(sb, origin, sg->item,
+						porigin, opt))
+				goto finish;
+		}
+
+ finish:
+	for (i = 0; i < num_sg; i++) {
+		if (sg_origin[i]) {
+			drop_origin_blob(sg_origin[i]);
+			origin_decref(sg_origin[i]);
+		}
+	}
+	drop_origin_blob(origin);
+	if (sg_buf != sg_origin)
+		free(sg_origin);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Information on commits, used for output.
+ */
+struct commit_info
+{
+	const char *author;
+	const char *author_mail;
+	unsigned long author_time;
+	const char *author_tz;
+
+	/* filled only when asked for details */
+	const char *committer;
+	const char *committer_mail;
+	unsigned long committer_time;
+	const char *committer_tz;
+
+	const char *summary;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Parse author/committer line in the commit object buffer
+ */
+static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
+			int person_len, char *person,
+			int mail_len, char *mail,
+			unsigned long *time, const char **tz)
+{
+	int len, tzlen, maillen;
+	char *tmp, *endp, *timepos, *mailpos;
+
+	tmp = strstr(inbuf, what);
+	if (!tmp)
+		goto error_out;
+	tmp += strlen(what);
+	endp = strchr(tmp, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		len = strlen(tmp);
+	else
+		len = endp - tmp;
+	if (person_len <= len) {
+	error_out:
+		/* Ugh */
+		*tz = "(unknown)";
+		strcpy(person, *tz);
+		strcpy(mail, *tz);
+		*time = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	memcpy(person, tmp, len);
+
+	tmp = person;
+	tmp += len;
+	*tmp = 0;
+	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
+		tmp--;
+	if (tmp <= person)
+		goto error_out;
+	*tz = tmp+1;
+	tzlen = (person+len)-(tmp+1);
+
+	*tmp = 0;
+	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
+		tmp--;
+	if (tmp <= person)
+		goto error_out;
+	*time = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10);
+	timepos = tmp;
+
+	*tmp = 0;
+	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
+		tmp--;
+	if (tmp <= person)
+		return;
+	mailpos = tmp + 1;
+	*tmp = 0;
+	maillen = timepos - tmp;
+	memcpy(mail, mailpos, maillen);
+
+	if (!mailmap.nr)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * mailmap expansion may make the name longer.
+	 * make room by pushing stuff down.
+	 */
+	tmp = person + person_len - (tzlen + 1);
+	memmove(tmp, *tz, tzlen);
+	tmp[tzlen] = 0;
+	*tz = tmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now, convert both name and e-mail using mailmap
+	 */
+	if (map_user(&mailmap, mail+1, mail_len-1, person, tmp-person-1)) {
+		/* Add a trailing '>' to email, since map_user returns plain emails
+		   Note: It already has '<', since we replace from mail+1 */
+		mailpos = memchr(mail, '\0', mail_len);
+		if (mailpos && mailpos-mail < mail_len - 1) {
+			*mailpos = '>';
+			*(mailpos+1) = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
+			    struct commit_info *ret,
+			    int detailed)
+{
+	int len;
+	char *tmp, *endp, *reencoded, *message;
+	static char author_name[1024];
+	static char author_mail[1024];
+	static char committer_name[1024];
+	static char committer_mail[1024];
+	static char summary_buf[1024];
+
+	/*
+	 * We've operated without save_commit_buffer, so
+	 * we now need to populate them for output.
+	 */
+	if (!commit->buffer) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		commit->buffer =
+			read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!commit->buffer)
+			die("Cannot read commit %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	}
+	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, NULL);
+	message   = reencoded ? reencoded : commit->buffer;
+	ret->author = author_name;
+	ret->author_mail = author_mail;
+	get_ac_line(message, "\nauthor ",
+		    sizeof(author_name), author_name,
+		    sizeof(author_mail), author_mail,
+		    &ret->author_time, &ret->author_tz);
+
+	if (!detailed) {
+		free(reencoded);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ret->committer = committer_name;
+	ret->committer_mail = committer_mail;
+	get_ac_line(message, "\ncommitter ",
+		    sizeof(committer_name), committer_name,
+		    sizeof(committer_mail), committer_mail,
+		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
+
+	ret->summary = summary_buf;
+	tmp = strstr(message, "\n\n");
+	if (!tmp) {
+	error_out:
+		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		free(reencoded);
+		return;
+	}
+	tmp += 2;
+	endp = strchr(tmp, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		endp = tmp + strlen(tmp);
+	len = endp - tmp;
+	if (len >= sizeof(summary_buf) || len == 0)
+		goto error_out;
+	memcpy(summary_buf, tmp, len);
+	summary_buf[len] = 0;
+	free(reencoded);
+}
+
+/*
+ * To allow LF and other nonportable characters in pathnames,
+ * they are c-style quoted as needed.
+ */
+static void write_filename_info(const char *path)
+{
+	printf("filename ");
+	write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
+}
+
+/*
+ * Porcelain/Incremental format wants to show a lot of details per
+ * commit.  Instead of repeating this every line, emit it only once,
+ * the first time each commit appears in the output.
+ */
+static int emit_one_suspect_detail(struct origin *suspect)
+{
+	struct commit_info ci;
+
+	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & METAINFO_SHOWN)
+		return 0;
+
+	suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
+	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
+	printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
+	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+	printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
+	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
+	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
+	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+	printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
+	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
+	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		printf("boundary\n");
+	if (suspect->previous) {
+		struct origin *prev = suspect->previous;
+		printf("previous %s ", sha1_to_hex(prev->commit->object.sha1));
+		write_name_quoted(prev->path, stdout, '\n');
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The blame_entry is found to be guilty for the range.  Mark it
+ * as such, and show it in incremental output.
+ */
+static void found_guilty_entry(struct blame_entry *ent)
+{
+	if (ent->guilty)
+		return;
+	ent->guilty = 1;
+	if (incremental) {
+		struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
+
+		printf("%s %d %d %d\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1),
+		       ent->s_lno + 1, ent->lno + 1, ent->num_lines);
+		emit_one_suspect_detail(suspect);
+		write_filename_info(suspect->path);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * The main loop -- while the scoreboard has lines whose true origin
+ * is still unknown, pick one blame_entry, and allow its current
+ * suspect to pass blames to its parents.
+ */
+static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, int opt)
+{
+	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+
+	while (1) {
+		struct blame_entry *ent;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		struct origin *suspect = NULL;
+
+		/* find one suspect to break down */
+		for (ent = sb->ent; !suspect && ent; ent = ent->next)
+			if (!ent->guilty)
+				suspect = ent->suspect;
+		if (!suspect)
+			return; /* all done */
+
+		/*
+		 * We will use this suspect later in the loop,
+		 * so hold onto it in the meantime.
+		 */
+		origin_incref(suspect);
+		commit = suspect->commit;
+		if (!commit->object.parsed)
+			parse_commit(commit);
+		if (reverse ||
+		    (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
+		     !(revs->max_age != -1 && commit->date < revs->max_age)))
+			pass_blame(sb, suspect, opt);
+		else {
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			if (commit->object.parsed)
+				mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+		}
+		/* treat root commit as boundary */
+		if (!commit->parents && !show_root)
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+
+		/* Take responsibility for the remaining entries */
+		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next)
+			if (same_suspect(ent->suspect, suspect))
+				found_guilty_entry(ent);
+		origin_decref(suspect);
+
+		if (DEBUG) /* sanity */
+			sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *format_time(unsigned long time, const char *tz_str,
+			       int show_raw_time)
+{
+	static char time_buf[128];
+	const char *time_str;
+	int time_len;
+	int tz;
+
+	if (show_raw_time) {
+		sprintf(time_buf, "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
+	}
+	else {
+		tz = atoi(tz_str);
+		time_str = show_date(time, tz, blame_date_mode);
+		time_len = strlen(time_str);
+		memcpy(time_buf, time_str, time_len);
+		memset(time_buf + time_len, ' ', blame_date_width - time_len);
+	}
+	return time_buf;
+}
+
+#define OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT	001
+#define OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME	002
+#define OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP	004
+#define OUTPUT_PORCELAIN	010
+#define OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME	020
+#define OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER	040
+#define OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE      0100
+#define OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR       0200
+
+static void emit_porcelain(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent)
+{
+	int cnt;
+	const char *cp;
+	struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
+	char hex[41];
+
+	strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1));
+	printf("%s%c%d %d %d\n",
+	       hex,
+	       ent->guilty ? ' ' : '*', // purely for debugging
+	       ent->s_lno + 1,
+	       ent->lno + 1,
+	       ent->num_lines);
+	if (emit_one_suspect_detail(suspect) ||
+	    (suspect->commit->object.flags & MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH))
+		write_filename_info(suspect->path);
+
+	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
+	for (cnt = 0; cnt < ent->num_lines; cnt++) {
+		char ch;
+		if (cnt)
+			printf("%s %d %d\n", hex,
+			       ent->s_lno + 1 + cnt,
+			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
+		putchar('\t');
+		do {
+			ch = *cp++;
+			putchar(ch);
+		} while (ch != '\n' &&
+			 cp < sb->final_buf + sb->final_buf_size);
+	}
+
+	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
+		putchar('\n');
+}
+
+static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
+{
+	int cnt;
+	const char *cp;
+	struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
+	struct commit_info ci;
+	char hex[41];
+	int show_raw_time = !!(opt & OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP);
+
+	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
+	strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1));
+
+	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
+	for (cnt = 0; cnt < ent->num_lines; cnt++) {
+		char ch;
+		int length = (opt & OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME) ? 40 : 8;
+
+		if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			if (blank_boundary)
+				memset(hex, ' ', length);
+			else if (!(opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT)) {
+				length--;
+				putchar('^');
+			}
+		}
+
+		printf("%.*s", length, hex);
+		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT)
+			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", ci.author,
+			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
+					   show_raw_time),
+			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
+		else {
+			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE)
+				printf(" %*d %02d",
+				       max_score_digits, ent->score,
+				       ent->suspect->refcnt);
+			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME)
+				printf(" %-*.*s", longest_file, longest_file,
+				       suspect->path);
+			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER)
+				printf(" %*d", max_orig_digits,
+				       ent->s_lno + 1 + cnt);
+
+			if (!(opt & OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR)) {
+				int pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
+				       ci.author, pad, "",
+				       format_time(ci.author_time,
+						   ci.author_tz,
+						   show_raw_time));
+			}
+			printf(" %*d) ",
+			       max_digits, ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
+		}
+		do {
+			ch = *cp++;
+			putchar(ch);
+		} while (ch != '\n' &&
+			 cp < sb->final_buf + sb->final_buf_size);
+	}
+
+	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
+		putchar('\n');
+}
+
+static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *ent;
+
+	if (option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN) {
+		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+			struct blame_entry *oth;
+			struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
+			struct commit *commit = suspect->commit;
+			if (commit->object.flags & MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH)
+				continue;
+			for (oth = ent->next; oth; oth = oth->next) {
+				if ((oth->suspect->commit != commit) ||
+				    !strcmp(oth->suspect->path, suspect->path))
+					continue;
+				commit->object.flags |= MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+		if (option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN)
+			emit_porcelain(sb, ent);
+		else {
+			emit_other(sb, ent, option);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * To allow quick access to the contents of nth line in the
+ * final image, prepare an index in the scoreboard.
+ */
+static int prepare_lines(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	const char *buf = sb->final_buf;
+	unsigned long len = sb->final_buf_size;
+	int num = 0, incomplete = 0, bol = 1;
+
+	if (len && buf[len-1] != '\n')
+		incomplete++; /* incomplete line at the end */
+	while (len--) {
+		if (bol) {
+			sb->lineno = xrealloc(sb->lineno,
+					      sizeof(int *) * (num + 1));
+			sb->lineno[num] = buf - sb->final_buf;
+			bol = 0;
+		}
+		if (*buf++ == '\n') {
+			num++;
+			bol = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	sb->lineno = xrealloc(sb->lineno,
+			      sizeof(int *) * (num + incomplete + 1));
+	sb->lineno[num + incomplete] = buf - sb->final_buf;
+	sb->num_lines = num + incomplete;
+	return sb->num_lines;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add phony grafts for use with -S; this is primarily to
+ * support git's cvsserver that wants to give a linear history
+ * to its clients.
+ */
+static int read_ancestry(const char *graft_file)
+{
+	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
+	char buf[1024];
+	if (!fp)
+		return -1;
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		if (graft)
+			register_commit_graft(graft, 0);
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * How many columns do we need to show line numbers in decimal?
+ */
+static int lineno_width(int lines)
+{
+	int i, width;
+
+	for (width = 1, i = 10; i <= lines + 1; width++)
+		i *= 10;
+	return width;
+}
+
+/*
+ * How many columns do we need to show line numbers, authors,
+ * and filenames?
+ */
+static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
+{
+	int longest_src_lines = 0;
+	int longest_dst_lines = 0;
+	unsigned largest_score = 0;
+	struct blame_entry *e;
+
+	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
+		struct origin *suspect = e->suspect;
+		struct commit_info ci;
+		int num;
+
+		if (strcmp(suspect->path, sb->path))
+			*option |= OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME;
+		num = strlen(suspect->path);
+		if (longest_file < num)
+			longest_file = num;
+		if (!(suspect->commit->object.flags & METAINFO_SHOWN)) {
+			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
+			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
+			num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+			if (longest_author < num)
+				longest_author = num;
+		}
+		num = e->s_lno + e->num_lines;
+		if (longest_src_lines < num)
+			longest_src_lines = num;
+		num = e->lno + e->num_lines;
+		if (longest_dst_lines < num)
+			longest_dst_lines = num;
+		if (largest_score < ent_score(sb, e))
+			largest_score = ent_score(sb, e);
+	}
+	max_orig_digits = lineno_width(longest_src_lines);
+	max_digits = lineno_width(longest_dst_lines);
+	max_score_digits = lineno_width(largest_score);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For debugging -- origin is refcounted, and this asserts that
+ * we do not underflow.
+ */
+static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	int baa = 0;
+	struct blame_entry *ent;
+
+	for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+		/* Nobody should have zero or negative refcnt */
+		if (ent->suspect->refcnt <= 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s has negative refcnt %d\n",
+				ent->suspect->path,
+				sha1_to_hex(ent->suspect->commit->object.sha1),
+				ent->suspect->refcnt);
+			baa = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (baa) {
+		int opt = 0160;
+		find_alignment(sb, &opt);
+		output(sb, opt);
+		die("Baa %d!", baa);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used for the command line parsing; check if the path exists
+ * in the working tree.
+ */
+static int has_string_in_work_tree(const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	return !lstat(path, &st);
+}
+
+static unsigned parse_score(const char *arg)
+{
+	char *end;
+	unsigned long score = strtoul(arg, &end, 10);
+	if (*end)
+		return 0;
+	return score;
+}
+
+static const char *add_prefix(const char *prefix, const char *path)
+{
+	return prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parsing of (comma separated) one item in the -L option
+ */
+static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec,
+			     struct scoreboard *sb, long lno,
+			     long begin, long *ret)
+{
+	char *term;
+	const char *line;
+	long num;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+
+	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
+	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
+	 * <something>.
+	 */
+	if (1 < begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
+		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
+		if (term != spec + 1) {
+			if (spec[0] == '-')
+				num = 0 - num;
+			if (0 < num)
+				*ret = begin + num - 2;
+			else if (!num)
+				*ret = begin;
+			else
+				*ret = begin + num;
+			return term;
+		}
+		return spec;
+	}
+	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
+	if (term != spec) {
+		*ret = num;
+		return term;
+	}
+	if (spec[0] != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
+	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
+		if (*term == '\\')
+			term++;
+	}
+	if (*term != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
+	*term = 0;
+	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
+	line = nth_line(sb, begin);
+
+	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
+	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
+		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
+		const char *nline;
+
+		while (begin++ < lno) {
+			nline = nth_line(sb, begin);
+			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
+				break;
+			line = nline;
+		}
+		*ret = begin;
+		regfree(&regexp);
+		*term++ = '/';
+		return term;
+	}
+	else {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", spec + 1, errbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parsing of -L option
+ */
+static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				const char *bottomtop,
+				long lno,
+				long *bottom, long *top)
+{
+	const char *term;
+
+	term = parse_loc(bottomtop, sb, lno, 1, bottom);
+	if (*term == ',') {
+		term = parse_loc(term + 1, sb, lno, *bottom + 1, top);
+		if (*term)
+			usage(blame_usage);
+	}
+	if (*term)
+		usage(blame_usage);
+}
+
+static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.showroot")) {
+		show_root = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.blankboundary")) {
+		blank_boundary = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.date")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		blame_date_mode = parse_date_format(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare a dummy commit that represents the work tree (or staged) item.
+ * Note that annotating work tree item never works in the reverse.
+ */
+static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(const char *path, const char *contents_from)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct origin *origin;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *ident;
+	time_t now;
+	int size, len;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	unsigned mode;
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head_sha1))
+		die("No such ref: HEAD");
+
+	time(&now);
+	commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
+	commit->parents = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit->parents));
+	commit->parents->item = lookup_commit_reference(head_sha1);
+	commit->object.parsed = 1;
+	commit->date = now;
+	commit->object.type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+
+	origin = make_origin(commit, path);
+
+	if (!contents_from || strcmp("-", contents_from)) {
+		struct stat st;
+		const char *read_from;
+
+		if (contents_from) {
+			if (stat(contents_from, &st) < 0)
+				die_errno("Cannot stat '%s'", contents_from);
+			read_from = contents_from;
+		}
+		else {
+			if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+				die_errno("Cannot lstat '%s'", path);
+			read_from = path;
+		}
+		mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);
+		switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
+		case S_IFREG:
+			if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
+				die_errno("cannot open or read '%s'", read_from);
+			break;
+		case S_IFLNK:
+			if (strbuf_readlink(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) < 0)
+				die_errno("cannot readlink '%s'", read_from);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("unsupported file type %s", read_from);
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		/* Reading from stdin */
+		contents_from = "standard input";
+		mode = 0;
+		if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
+			die_errno("failed to read from stdin");
+	}
+	convert_to_git(path, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf, 0);
+	origin->file.ptr = buf.buf;
+	origin->file.size = buf.len;
+	pretend_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, OBJ_BLOB, origin->blob_sha1);
+	commit->util = origin;
+
+	/*
+	 * Read the current index, replace the path entry with
+	 * origin->blob_sha1 without mucking with its mode or type
+	 * bits; we are not going to write this index out -- we just
+	 * want to run "diff-index --cached".
+	 */
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache();
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	if (!mode) {
+		int pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
+		if (0 <= pos)
+			mode = active_cache[pos]->ce_mode;
+		else
+			/* Let's not bother reading from HEAD tree */
+			mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
+	}
+	size = cache_entry_size(len);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, origin->blob_sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+
+	/*
+	 * We are not going to write this out, so this does not matter
+	 * right now, but someday we might optimize diff-index --cached
+	 * with cache-tree information.
+	 */
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
+
+	commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
+	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
+	snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
+		"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
+		"parent %s\n"
+		"author %s\n"
+		"committer %s\n\n"
+		"Version of %s from %s\n",
+		sha1_to_hex(head_sha1),
+		ident, ident, path, contents_from ? contents_from : path);
+	return commit;
+}
+
+static const char *prepare_final(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
+	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+
+	/*
+	 * There must be one and only one positive commit in the
+	 * revs->pending array.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
+		if (sb->final)
+			die("More than one commit to dig from %s and %s?",
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
+			    final_commit_name);
+		sb->final = (struct commit *) obj;
+		final_commit_name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+	}
+	return final_commit_name;
+}
+
+static const char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
+	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+
+	/*
+	 * There must be one and only one negative commit, and it must be
+	 * the boundary.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (!(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			continue;
+		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
+		if (sb->final)
+			die("More than one commit to dig down to %s and %s?",
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
+			    final_commit_name);
+		sb->final = (struct commit *) obj;
+		final_commit_name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+	}
+	if (!final_commit_name)
+		die("No commit to dig down to?");
+	return final_commit_name;
+}
+
+static int blame_copy_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *opt = option->value;
+
+	/*
+	 * -C enables copy from removed files;
+	 * -C -C enables copy from existing files, but only
+	 *       when blaming a new file;
+	 * -C -C -C enables copy from existing files for
+	 *          everybody
+	 */
+	if (*opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDER)
+		*opt |= PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDEST;
+	if (*opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY)
+		*opt |= PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDER;
+	*opt |= PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY | PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE;
+
+	if (arg)
+		blame_copy_score = parse_score(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int blame_move_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *opt = option->value;
+
+	*opt |= PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE;
+
+	if (arg)
+		blame_move_score = parse_score(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int blame_bottomtop_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	const char **bottomtop = option->value;
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+	if (*bottomtop)
+		die("More than one '-L n,m' option given");
+	*bottomtop = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	const char *path;
+	struct scoreboard sb;
+	struct origin *o;
+	struct blame_entry *ent;
+	long dashdash_pos, bottom, top, lno;
+	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	static const char *bottomtop = NULL;
+	static int output_option = 0, opt = 0;
+	static int show_stats = 0;
+	static const char *revs_file = NULL;
+	static const char *contents_from = NULL;
+	static const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, "Show work cost statistics"),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, "Show output score for blame entries", OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, "Show original filename (Default: auto)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, "Show original linenumber (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
+		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, "Show in a format designed for machine consumption", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)", OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
+		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)", OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
+		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, "Ignore whitespace differences", XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
+		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, "file", "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, "file", "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line copies within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line movements within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, "n,m", "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1", blame_bottomtop_callback),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
+	int cmd_is_annotate = !strcmp(argv[0], "annotate");
+
+	git_config(git_blame_config, NULL);
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	revs.date_mode = blame_date_mode;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	dashdash_pos = 0;
+
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
+			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	for (;;) {
+		switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, blame_opt_usage)) {
+		case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
+			exit(129);
+		case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
+			if (ctx.argv[0])
+				dashdash_pos = ctx.cpidx;
+			goto parse_done;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(ctx.argv[0], "--reverse")) {
+			ctx.argv[0] = "--children";
+			reverse = 1;
+		}
+		parse_revision_opt(&revs, &ctx, options, blame_opt_usage);
+	}
+parse_done:
+	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
+
+	if (revs_file && read_ancestry(revs_file))
+		die_errno("reading graft file '%s' failed", revs_file);
+
+	if (cmd_is_annotate) {
+		output_option |= OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT;
+		blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
+	} else {
+		blame_date_mode = revs.date_mode;
+	}
+
+	/* The maximum width used to show the dates */
+	switch (blame_date_mode) {
+	case DATE_RFC2822:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("Thu, 19 Oct 2006 16:00:04 -0700");
+		break;
+	case DATE_ISO8601:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19 16:00:04 -0700");
+		break;
+	case DATE_RAW:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("1161298804 -0700");
+		break;
+	case DATE_SHORT:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19");
+		break;
+	case DATE_RELATIVE:
+		/* "normal" is used as the fallback for "relative" */
+	case DATE_LOCAL:
+	case DATE_NORMAL:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("Thu Oct 19 16:00:04 2006 -0700");
+		break;
+	}
+	blame_date_width -= 1; /* strip the null */
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
+		opt |= (PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY | PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE |
+			PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDER);
+
+	if (!blame_move_score)
+		blame_move_score = BLAME_DEFAULT_MOVE_SCORE;
+	if (!blame_copy_score)
+		blame_copy_score = BLAME_DEFAULT_COPY_SCORE;
+
+	/*
+	 * We have collected options unknown to us in argv[1..unk]
+	 * which are to be passed to revision machinery if we are
+	 * going to do the "bottom" processing.
+	 *
+	 * The remaining are:
+	 *
+	 * (1) if dashdash_pos != 0, its either
+	 *     "blame [revisions] -- <path>" or
+	 *     "blame -- <path> <rev>"
+	 *
+	 * (2) otherwise, its one of the two:
+	 *     "blame [revisions] <path>"
+	 *     "blame <path> <rev>"
+	 *
+	 * Note that we must strip out <path> from the arguments: we do not
+	 * want the path pruning but we may want "bottom" processing.
+	 */
+	if (dashdash_pos) {
+		switch (argc - dashdash_pos - 1) {
+		case 2: /* (1b) */
+			if (argc != 4)
+				usage_with_options(blame_opt_usage, options);
+			/* reorder for the new way: <rev> -- <path> */
+			argv[1] = argv[3];
+			argv[3] = argv[2];
+			argv[2] = "--";
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		case 1: /* (1a) */
+			path = add_prefix(prefix, argv[--argc]);
+			argv[argc] = NULL;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage_with_options(blame_opt_usage, options);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (argc < 2)
+			usage_with_options(blame_opt_usage, options);
+		path = add_prefix(prefix, argv[argc - 1]);
+		if (argc == 3 && !has_string_in_work_tree(path)) { /* (2b) */
+			path = add_prefix(prefix, argv[1]);
+			argv[1] = argv[2];
+		}
+		argv[argc - 1] = "--";
+
+		setup_work_tree();
+		if (!has_string_in_work_tree(path))
+			die_errno("cannot stat path '%s'", path);
+	}
+
+	revs.disable_stdin = 1;
+	setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
+	memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(sb));
+
+	sb.revs = &revs;
+	if (!reverse)
+		final_commit_name = prepare_final(&sb);
+	else if (contents_from)
+		die("--contents and --children do not blend well.");
+	else
+		final_commit_name = prepare_initial(&sb);
+
+	if (!sb.final) {
+		/*
+		 * "--not A B -- path" without anything positive;
+		 * do not default to HEAD, but use the working tree
+		 * or "--contents".
+		 */
+		setup_work_tree();
+		sb.final = fake_working_tree_commit(path, contents_from);
+		add_pending_object(&revs, &(sb.final->object), ":");
+	}
+	else if (contents_from)
+		die("Cannot use --contents with final commit object name");
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have bottom, this will mark the ancestors of the
+	 * bottom commits we would reach while traversing as
+	 * uninteresting.
+	 */
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sb.final->object.sha1)) {
+		char *buf;
+		o = sb.final->util;
+		buf = xmalloc(o->file.size + 1);
+		memcpy(buf, o->file.ptr, o->file.size + 1);
+		sb.final_buf = buf;
+		sb.final_buf_size = o->file.size;
+	}
+	else {
+		o = get_origin(&sb, sb.final, path);
+		if (fill_blob_sha1(o))
+			die("no such path %s in %s", path, final_commit_name);
+
+		sb.final_buf = read_sha1_file(o->blob_sha1, &type,
+					      &sb.final_buf_size);
+		if (!sb.final_buf)
+			die("Cannot read blob %s for path %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(o->blob_sha1),
+			    path);
+	}
+	num_read_blob++;
+	lno = prepare_lines(&sb);
+
+	bottom = top = 0;
+	if (bottomtop)
+		prepare_blame_range(&sb, bottomtop, lno, &bottom, &top);
+	if (bottom && top && top < bottom) {
+		long tmp;
+		tmp = top; top = bottom; bottom = tmp;
+	}
+	if (bottom < 1)
+		bottom = 1;
+	if (top < 1)
+		top = lno;
+	bottom--;
+	if (lno < top)
+		die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
+
+	ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
+	ent->lno = bottom;
+	ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
+	ent->suspect = o;
+	ent->s_lno = bottom;
+
+	sb.ent = ent;
+	sb.path = path;
+
+	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
+
+	if (!incremental)
+		setup_pager();
+
+	assign_blame(&sb, opt);
+
+	if (incremental)
+		return 0;
+
+	coalesce(&sb);
+
+	if (!(output_option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN))
+		find_alignment(&sb, &output_option);
+
+	output(&sb, output_option);
+	free((void *)sb.final_buf);
+	for (ent = sb.ent; ent; ) {
+		struct blame_entry *e = ent->next;
+		free(ent);
+		ent = e;
+	}
+
+	if (show_stats) {
+		printf("num read blob: %d\n", num_read_blob);
+		printf("num get patch: %d\n", num_get_patch);
+		printf("num commits: %d\n", num_commits);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-branch.c b/builtin-branch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a28a139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-branch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git branch"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on git-branch.sh by Junio C Hamano.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_branch_usage[] = {
+	"git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]",
+	"git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]",
+	"git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>",
+	"git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+#define REF_LOCAL_BRANCH    0x01
+#define REF_REMOTE_BRANCH   0x02
+
+static const char *head;
+static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+
+static int branch_use_color = -1;
+static char branch_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* REMOTE */
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* LOCAL */
+	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* CURRENT */
+};
+enum color_branch {
+	BRANCH_COLOR_RESET = 0,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE = 2,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL = 3,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4,
+};
+
+static enum merge_filter {
+	NO_FILTER = 0,
+	SHOW_NOT_MERGED,
+	SHOW_MERGED,
+} merge_filter;
+static unsigned char merge_filter_ref[20];
+
+static int parse_branch_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "plain"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "reset"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_RESET;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "remote"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "local"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "current"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int git_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.branch")) {
+		branch_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value, -1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.branch.")) {
+		int slot = parse_branch_color_slot(var, 13);
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, branch_colors[slot]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static const char *branch_get_color(enum color_branch ix)
+{
+	if (branch_use_color > 0)
+		return branch_colors[ix];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
+			 struct commit *rev, struct commit *head_rev)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This checks whether the merge bases of branch and HEAD (or
+	 * the other branch this branch builds upon) contains the
+	 * branch, which means that the branch has already been merged
+	 * safely to HEAD (or the other branch).
+	 */
+	struct commit *reference_rev = NULL;
+	const char *reference_name = NULL;
+	int merged;
+
+	if (kind == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(name);
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		if (branch &&
+		    branch->merge &&
+		    branch->merge[0] &&
+		    branch->merge[0]->dst &&
+		    (reference_name =
+		     resolve_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, sha1, 1, NULL)) != NULL)
+			reference_rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	}
+	if (!reference_rev)
+		reference_rev = head_rev;
+
+	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, &reference_rev, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * After the safety valve is fully redefined to "check with
+	 * upstream, if any, otherwise with HEAD", we should just
+	 * return the result of the in_merge_bases() above without
+	 * any of the following code, but during the transition period,
+	 * a gentle reminder is in order.
+	 */
+	if ((head_rev != reference_rev) &&
+	    in_merge_bases(rev, &head_rev, 1) != merged) {
+		if (merged)
+			warning("deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+				"         '%s', but it is not yet merged to HEAD.",
+				name, reference_name);
+		else
+			warning("not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+				"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD.",
+				name, reference_name);
+	}
+	return merged;
+}
+
+static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
+{
+	struct commit *rev, *head_rev = NULL;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *name = NULL;
+	const char *fmt, *remote;
+	int i;
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct strbuf bname = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	switch (kinds) {
+	case REF_REMOTE_BRANCH:
+		fmt = "refs/remotes/%s";
+		remote = "remote ";
+		force = 1;
+		break;
+	case REF_LOCAL_BRANCH:
+		fmt = "refs/heads/%s";
+		remote = "";
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("cannot use -a with -d");
+	}
+
+	if (!force) {
+		head_rev = lookup_commit_reference(head_sha1);
+		if (!head_rev)
+			die("Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD");
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++, strbuf_release(&bname)) {
+		strbuf_branchname(&bname, argv[i]);
+		if (kinds == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH && !strcmp(head, bname.buf)) {
+			error("Cannot delete the branch '%s' "
+			      "which you are currently on.", bname.buf);
+			ret = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		free(name);
+
+		name = xstrdup(mkpath(fmt, bname.buf));
+		if (!resolve_ref(name, sha1, 1, NULL)) {
+			error("%sbranch '%s' not found.",
+					remote, bname.buf);
+			ret = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!rev) {
+			error("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'", name);
+			ret = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, bname.buf, rev, head_rev)) {
+			error("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+			      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
+			      "run 'git branch -D %s'.", bname.buf, bname.buf);
+			ret = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (delete_ref(name, sha1, 0)) {
+			error("Error deleting %sbranch '%s'", remote,
+			      bname.buf);
+			ret = 1;
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			printf("Deleted %sbranch %s (was %s).\n", remote,
+			       bname.buf,
+			       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", bname.buf);
+			if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
+				warning("Update of config-file failed");
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(name);
+
+	return(ret);
+}
+
+struct ref_item {
+	char *name;
+	char *dest;
+	unsigned int kind, len;
+	struct commit *commit;
+};
+
+struct ref_list {
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	int index, alloc, maxwidth, verbose, abbrev;
+	struct ref_item *list;
+	struct commit_list *with_commit;
+	int kinds;
+};
+
+static char *resolve_symref(const char *src, const char *prefix)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+	const char *dst, *cp;
+
+	dst = resolve_ref(src, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	if (!(dst && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)))
+		return NULL;
+	if (prefix && (cp = skip_prefix(dst, prefix)))
+		dst = cp;
+	return xstrdup(dst);
+}
+
+static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_list *ref_list = (struct ref_list*)(cb_data);
+	struct ref_item *newitem;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int kind, i;
+	const char *prefix, *orig_refname = refname;
+
+	static struct {
+		int kind;
+		const char *prefix;
+		int pfxlen;
+	} ref_kind[] = {
+		{ REF_LOCAL_BRANCH, "refs/heads/", 11 },
+		{ REF_REMOTE_BRANCH, "refs/remotes/", 13 },
+	};
+
+	/* Detect kind */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind); i++) {
+		prefix = ref_kind[i].prefix;
+		if (strncmp(refname, prefix, ref_kind[i].pfxlen))
+			continue;
+		kind = ref_kind[i].kind;
+		refname += ref_kind[i].pfxlen;
+		break;
+	}
+	if (ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind) <= i)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Don't add types the caller doesn't want */
+	if ((kind & ref_list->kinds) == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	commit = NULL;
+	if (ref_list->verbose || ref_list->with_commit || merge_filter != NO_FILTER) {
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+		if (!commit)
+			return error("branch '%s' does not point at a commit", refname);
+
+		/* Filter with with_commit if specified */
+		if (!is_descendant_of(commit, ref_list->with_commit))
+			return 0;
+
+		if (merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
+			add_pending_object(&ref_list->revs,
+					   (struct object *)commit, refname);
+	}
+
+	/* Resize buffer */
+	if (ref_list->index >= ref_list->alloc) {
+		ref_list->alloc = alloc_nr(ref_list->alloc);
+		ref_list->list = xrealloc(ref_list->list,
+				ref_list->alloc * sizeof(struct ref_item));
+	}
+
+	/* Record the new item */
+	newitem = &(ref_list->list[ref_list->index++]);
+	newitem->name = xstrdup(refname);
+	newitem->kind = kind;
+	newitem->commit = commit;
+	newitem->len = strlen(refname);
+	newitem->dest = resolve_symref(orig_refname, prefix);
+	/* adjust for "remotes/" */
+	if (newitem->kind == REF_REMOTE_BRANCH &&
+	    ref_list->kinds != REF_REMOTE_BRANCH)
+		newitem->len += 8;
+	if (newitem->len > ref_list->maxwidth)
+		ref_list->maxwidth = newitem->len;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void free_ref_list(struct ref_list *ref_list)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref_list->index; i++) {
+		free(ref_list->list[i].name);
+		free(ref_list->list[i].dest);
+	}
+	free(ref_list->list);
+}
+
+static int ref_cmp(const void *r1, const void *r2)
+{
+	struct ref_item *c1 = (struct ref_item *)(r1);
+	struct ref_item *c2 = (struct ref_item *)(r2);
+
+	if (c1->kind != c2->kind)
+		return c1->kind - c2->kind;
+	return strcmp(c1->name, c2->name);
+}
+
+static void fill_tracking_info(struct strbuf *stat, const char *branch_name,
+		int show_upstream_ref)
+{
+	int ours, theirs;
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+
+	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+		if (branch && branch->merge && branch->merge[0]->dst &&
+		    show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ",
+			    shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addch(stat, '[');
+	if (show_upstream_ref)
+		strbuf_addf(stat, "%s: ",
+			shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
+	if (!ours)
+		strbuf_addf(stat, "behind %d] ", theirs);
+	else if (!theirs)
+		strbuf_addf(stat, "ahead %d] ", ours);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(stat, "ahead %d, behind %d] ", ours, theirs);
+}
+
+static int matches_merge_filter(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int is_merged;
+
+	if (merge_filter == NO_FILTER)
+		return 1;
+
+	is_merged = !!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING);
+	return (is_merged == (merge_filter == SHOW_MERGED));
+}
+
+static void print_ref_item(struct ref_item *item, int maxwidth, int verbose,
+			   int abbrev, int current, char *prefix)
+{
+	char c;
+	int color;
+	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT, name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!matches_merge_filter(commit))
+		return;
+
+	switch (item->kind) {
+	case REF_LOCAL_BRANCH:
+		color = BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
+		break;
+	case REF_REMOTE_BRANCH:
+		color = BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE;
+		break;
+	default:
+		color = BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	c = ' ';
+	if (current) {
+		c = '*';
+		color = BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&name, "%s%s", prefix, item->name);
+	if (verbose)
+		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%-*s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
+			    maxwidth, name.buf,
+			    branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
+			    name.buf, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+
+	if (item->dest)
+		strbuf_addf(&out, " -> %s", item->dest);
+	else if (verbose) {
+		struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT, stat = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *sub = " **** invalid ref ****";
+
+		commit = item->commit;
+		if (commit && !parse_commit(commit)) {
+			struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+			pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit,
+					    &subject, &ctx);
+			sub = subject.buf;
+		}
+
+		if (item->kind == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
+			fill_tracking_info(&stat, item->name, verbose > 1);
+
+		strbuf_addf(&out, " %s %s%s",
+			find_unique_abbrev(item->commit->object.sha1, abbrev),
+			stat.buf, sub);
+		strbuf_release(&stat);
+		strbuf_release(&subject);
+	}
+	printf("%s\n", out.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+	strbuf_release(&out);
+}
+
+static int calc_maxwidth(struct ref_list *refs)
+{
+	int i, w = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < refs->index; i++) {
+		if (!matches_merge_filter(refs->list[i].commit))
+			continue;
+		if (refs->list[i].len > w)
+			w = refs->list[i].len;
+	}
+	return w;
+}
+
+
+static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
+{
+	struct commit *head_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(head_sha1, 1);
+
+	if (head_commit && is_descendant_of(head_commit, ref_list->with_commit)) {
+		struct ref_item item;
+		item.name = xstrdup("(no branch)");
+		item.len = strlen(item.name);
+		item.kind = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
+		item.dest = NULL;
+		item.commit = head_commit;
+		if (item.len > ref_list->maxwidth)
+			ref_list->maxwidth = item.len;
+		print_ref_item(&item, ref_list->maxwidth, ref_list->verbose, ref_list->abbrev, 1, "");
+		free(item.name);
+	}
+}
+
+static void print_ref_list(int kinds, int detached, int verbose, int abbrev, struct commit_list *with_commit)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct ref_list ref_list;
+
+	memset(&ref_list, 0, sizeof(ref_list));
+	ref_list.kinds = kinds;
+	ref_list.verbose = verbose;
+	ref_list.abbrev = abbrev;
+	ref_list.with_commit = with_commit;
+	if (merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
+		init_revisions(&ref_list.revs, NULL);
+	for_each_rawref(append_ref, &ref_list);
+	if (merge_filter != NO_FILTER) {
+		struct commit *filter;
+		filter = lookup_commit_reference_gently(merge_filter_ref, 0);
+		filter->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+		add_pending_object(&ref_list.revs,
+				   (struct object *) filter, "");
+		ref_list.revs.limited = 1;
+		prepare_revision_walk(&ref_list.revs);
+		if (verbose)
+			ref_list.maxwidth = calc_maxwidth(&ref_list);
+	}
+
+	qsort(ref_list.list, ref_list.index, sizeof(struct ref_item), ref_cmp);
+
+	detached = (detached && (kinds & REF_LOCAL_BRANCH));
+	if (detached)
+		show_detached(&ref_list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref_list.index; i++) {
+		int current = !detached &&
+			(ref_list.list[i].kind == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH) &&
+			!strcmp(ref_list.list[i].name, head);
+		char *prefix = (kinds != REF_REMOTE_BRANCH &&
+				ref_list.list[i].kind == REF_REMOTE_BRANCH)
+				? "remotes/" : "";
+		print_ref_item(&ref_list.list[i], ref_list.maxwidth, verbose,
+			       abbrev, current, prefix);
+	}
+
+	free_ref_list(&ref_list);
+}
+
+static void rename_branch(const char *oldname, const char *newname, int force)
+{
+	struct strbuf oldref = STRBUF_INIT, newref = STRBUF_INIT, logmsg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf oldsection = STRBUF_INIT, newsection = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int recovery = 0;
+
+	if (!oldname)
+		die("cannot rename the current branch while not on any.");
+
+	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&oldref, oldname)) {
+		/*
+		 * Bad name --- this could be an attempt to rename a
+		 * ref that we used to allow to be created by accident.
+		 */
+		if (resolve_ref(oldref.buf, sha1, 1, NULL))
+			recovery = 1;
+		else
+			die("Invalid branch name: '%s'", oldname);
+	}
+
+	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&newref, newname))
+		die("Invalid branch name: '%s'", newname);
+
+	if (resolve_ref(newref.buf, sha1, 1, NULL) && !force)
+		die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", newref.buf + 11);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&logmsg, "Branch: renamed %s to %s",
+		 oldref.buf, newref.buf);
+
+	if (rename_ref(oldref.buf, newref.buf, logmsg.buf))
+		die("Branch rename failed");
+	strbuf_release(&logmsg);
+
+	if (recovery)
+		warning("Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away", oldref.buf + 11);
+
+	/* no need to pass logmsg here as HEAD didn't really move */
+	if (!strcmp(oldname, head) && create_symref("HEAD", newref.buf, NULL))
+		die("Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!", newname);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&oldsection, "branch.%s", oldref.buf + 11);
+	strbuf_release(&oldref);
+	strbuf_addf(&newsection, "branch.%s", newref.buf + 11);
+	strbuf_release(&newref);
+	if (git_config_rename_section(oldsection.buf, newsection.buf) < 0)
+		die("Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed");
+	strbuf_release(&oldsection);
+	strbuf_release(&newsection);
+}
+
+static int opt_parse_merge_filter(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	merge_filter = ((opt->long_name[0] == 'n')
+			? SHOW_NOT_MERGED
+			: SHOW_MERGED);
+	if (unset)
+		merge_filter = SHOW_NOT_MERGED; /* b/c for --no-merged */
+	if (!arg)
+		arg = "HEAD";
+	if (get_sha1(arg, merge_filter_ref))
+		die("malformed object name %s", arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force_create = 0;
+	int verbose = 0, abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV, detached = 0;
+	int reflog = 0;
+	enum branch_track track;
+	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
+	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_GROUP("Generic options"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))",
+			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, "change upstream info",
+			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "color",  &branch_use_color, "use colored output"),
+		OPT_SET_INT('r', NULL,     &kinds, "act on remote-tracking branches",
+			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
+			"print only branches that contain the commit",
+			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
+			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
+		},
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, "commit",
+			"print only branches that contain the commit",
+			PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
+			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
+		},
+		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+
+		OPT_GROUP("Specific git-branch actions:"),
+		OPT_SET_INT('a', NULL, &kinds, "list both remote-tracking and local branches",
+			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH | REF_LOCAL_BRANCH),
+		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &delete, "delete fully merged branch", 1),
+		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, "delete branch (even if not merged)", 2),
+		OPT_BIT('m', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch and its reflog", 1),
+		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch, even if target exists", 2),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &reflog, "create the branch's reflog"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force_create, "force creation (when already exists)"),
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
+			"commit", "print only not merged branches",
+			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
+		},
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "merged", &merge_filter_ref,
+			"commit", "print only merged branches",
+			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
+		},
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_branch_config, NULL);
+
+	if (branch_use_color == -1)
+		branch_use_color = git_use_color_default;
+
+	track = git_branch_track;
+
+	head = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	if (!head)
+		die("Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref.");
+	head = xstrdup(head);
+	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD")) {
+		detached = 1;
+	} else {
+		if (prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
+			die("HEAD not found below refs/heads!");
+		head += 11;
+	}
+	hashcpy(merge_filter_ref, head_sha1);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_branch_usage,
+			     0);
+	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create > 1)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+
+	if (delete)
+		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds);
+	else if (argc == 0)
+		print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev, with_commit);
+	else if (rename && (argc == 1))
+		rename_branch(head, argv[0], rename > 1);
+	else if (rename && (argc == 2))
+		rename_branch(argv[0], argv[1], rename > 1);
+	else if (argc <= 2) {
+		if (kinds != REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
+			die("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name");
+		create_branch(head, argv[0], (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : head,
+			      force_create, reflog, track);
+	} else
+		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-bundle.c b/builtin-bundle.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2006cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-bundle.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "bundle.h"
+
+/*
+ * Basic handler for bundle files to connect repositories via sneakernet.
+ * Invocation must include action.
+ * This function can create a bundle or provide information on an existing
+ * bundle supporting "fetch", "pull", and "ls-remote".
+ */
+
+static const char builtin_bundle_usage[] =
+  "git bundle create <file> <git-rev-list args>\n"
+  "   or: git bundle verify <file>\n"
+  "   or: git bundle list-heads <file> [refname...]\n"
+  "   or: git bundle unbundle <file> [refname...]";
+
+int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct bundle_header header;
+	int nongit;
+	const char *cmd, *bundle_file;
+	int bundle_fd = -1;
+	char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (argc < 3)
+		usage(builtin_bundle_usage);
+
+	cmd = argv[1];
+	bundle_file = argv[2];
+	argc -= 2;
+	argv += 2;
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	if (prefix && bundle_file[0] != '/') {
+		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/%s", prefix, bundle_file);
+		bundle_file = buffer;
+	}
+
+	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+	if (strcmp(cmd, "create") && (bundle_fd =
+				read_bundle_header(bundle_file, &header)) < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!strcmp(cmd, "verify")) {
+		close(bundle_fd);
+		if (verify_bundle(&header, 1))
+			return 1;
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s is okay\n", bundle_file);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(cmd, "list-heads")) {
+		close(bundle_fd);
+		return !!list_bundle_refs(&header, argc, argv);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(cmd, "create")) {
+		if (nongit)
+			die("Need a repository to create a bundle.");
+		return !!create_bundle(&header, bundle_file, argc, argv);
+	} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "unbundle")) {
+		if (nongit)
+			die("Need a repository to unbundle.");
+		return !!unbundle(&header, bundle_fd) ||
+			list_bundle_refs(&header, argc, argv);
+	} else
+		usage(builtin_bundle_usage);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-cat-file.c b/builtin-cat-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5906842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-cat-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+#define BATCH 1
+#define BATCH_CHECK 2
+
+static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
+	const char *endp = buf + size;
+	const char *cp = buf;
+
+	while (cp < endp) {
+		char c = *cp++;
+		if (c != '\n')
+			continue;
+		if (7 <= endp - cp && !memcmp("tagger ", cp, 7)) {
+			const char *tagger = cp;
+
+			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
+			 * of the buffer so far.
+			 */
+			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
+
+			/*
+			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
+			 * the date.
+			 */
+			while (cp < endp) {
+				if (*cp++ == '\n') {
+					/* tagger to cp is a line
+					 * that has ident and time.
+					 */
+					const char *sp = tagger;
+					char *ep;
+					unsigned long date;
+					long tz;
+					while (sp < cp && *sp != '>')
+						sp++;
+					if (sp == cp) {
+						/* give up */
+						write_or_die(1, tagger,
+							     cp - tagger);
+						break;
+					}
+					while (sp < cp &&
+					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
+						sp++;
+					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
+					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
+					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
+					sp = show_date(date, tz, 0);
+					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
+					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (cp < endp && *cp == '\n')
+			/* end of header */
+			break;
+	}
+	/* At this point, we have copied out the header up to the end of
+	 * the tagger line and cp points at one past \n.  It could be the
+	 * next header line after the tagger line, or it could be another
+	 * \n that marks the end of the headers.  We need to copy out the
+	 * remainder as is.
+	 */
+	if (cp < endp)
+		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
+}
+
+static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (get_sha1(obj_name, sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
+
+	buf = NULL;
+	switch (opt) {
+	case 't':
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type > 0) {
+			printf("%s\n", typename(type));
+			return 0;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 's':
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
+		if (type > 0) {
+			printf("%lu\n", size);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 'e':
+		return !has_sha1_file(sha1);
+
+	case 'p':
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
+
+		/* custom pretty-print here */
+		if (type == OBJ_TREE) {
+			const char *ls_args[3] = {"ls-tree", obj_name, NULL};
+			return cmd_ls_tree(2, ls_args, NULL);
+		}
+
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf)
+			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
+		if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			pprint_tag(sha1, buf, size);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		/* otherwise just spit out the data */
+		break;
+	case 0:
+		buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, exp_type, &size, NULL);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		die("git cat-file: unknown option: %s", exp_type);
+	}
+
+	if (!buf)
+		die("git cat-file %s: bad file", obj_name);
+
+	write_or_die(1, buf, size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, int print_contents)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	enum object_type type = 0;
+	unsigned long size;
+	void *contents = contents;
+
+	if (!obj_name)
+	   return 1;
+
+	if (get_sha1(obj_name, sha1)) {
+		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
+		fflush(stdout);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (print_contents == BATCH)
+		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	else
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
+
+	if (type <= 0) {
+		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
+		fflush(stdout);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	printf("%s %s %lu\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type), size);
+	fflush(stdout);
+
+	if (print_contents == BATCH) {
+		write_or_die(1, contents, size);
+		printf("\n");
+		fflush(stdout);
+		free(contents);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int batch_objects(int print_contents)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+		int error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, print_contents);
+		if (error)
+			return error;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
+	"git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>) <object>",
+	"git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int opt = 0, batch = 0;
+	const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
+
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_GROUP("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', NULL, &opt, "show object type", 't'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('s', NULL, &opt, "show object size", 's'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('e', NULL, &opt,
+			    "exit with zero when there's no error", 'e'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, "pretty-print object's content", 'p'),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch", &batch,
+			    "show info and content of objects feeded on stdin", BATCH),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch-check", &batch,
+			    "show info about objects feeded on stdin",
+			    BATCH_CHECK),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	if (argc != 3 && argc != 2)
+		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, cat_file_usage, 0);
+
+	if (opt) {
+		if (argc == 1)
+			obj_name = argv[0];
+		else
+			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
+	}
+	if (!opt && !batch) {
+		if (argc == 2) {
+			exp_type = argv[0];
+			obj_name = argv[1];
+		} else
+			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
+	}
+	if (batch && (opt || argc)) {
+		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	if (batch)
+		return batch_objects(batch);
+
+	return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-check-attr.c b/builtin-check-attr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3016d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-check-attr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int stdin_paths;
+static const char * const check_attr_usage[] = {
+"git check-attr attr... [--] pathname...",
+"git check-attr --stdin attr... < <list-of-paths>",
+NULL
+};
+
+static int null_term_line;
+
+static const struct option check_attr_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
+		"input paths are terminated by a null character"),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void check_attr(int cnt, struct git_attr_check *check,
+	const char** name, const char *file)
+{
+	int j;
+	if (git_checkattr(file, cnt, check))
+		die("git_checkattr died");
+	for (j = 0; j < cnt; j++) {
+		const char *value = check[j].value;
+
+		if (ATTR_TRUE(value))
+			value = "set";
+		else if (ATTR_FALSE(value))
+			value = "unset";
+		else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
+			value = "unspecified";
+
+		quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
+		printf(": %s: %s\n", name[j], value);
+	}
+}
+
+static void check_attr_stdin_paths(int cnt, struct git_attr_check *check,
+	const char** name)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
+	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+		if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+		}
+		check_attr(cnt, check, name, buf.buf);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "attribute to stdout");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+}
+
+int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct git_attr_check *check;
+	int cnt, i, doubledash;
+	const char *errstr = NULL;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_attr_options,
+			     check_attr_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	if (!argc)
+		usage_with_options(check_attr_usage, check_attr_options);
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		die("invalid cache");
+	}
+
+	doubledash = -1;
+	for (i = 0; doubledash < 0 && i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--"))
+			doubledash = i;
+	}
+
+	/* If there is no double dash, we handle only one attribute */
+	if (doubledash < 0) {
+		cnt = 1;
+		doubledash = 0;
+	} else
+		cnt = doubledash;
+	doubledash++;
+
+	if (cnt <= 0)
+		errstr = "No attribute specified";
+	else if (stdin_paths && doubledash < argc)
+		errstr = "Can't specify files with --stdin";
+	if (errstr) {
+		error("%s", errstr);
+		usage_with_options(check_attr_usage, check_attr_options);
+	}
+
+	check = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*check));
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name;
+		struct git_attr *a;
+		name = argv[i];
+		a = git_attr(name);
+		if (!a)
+			return error("%s: not a valid attribute name", name);
+		check[i].attr = a;
+	}
+
+	if (stdin_paths)
+		check_attr_stdin_paths(cnt, check, argv);
+	else {
+		for (i = doubledash; i < argc; i++)
+			check_attr(cnt, check, argv, argv[i]);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "attribute to stdout");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-check-ref-format.c b/builtin-check-ref-format.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b106c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-check-ref-format.c
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+static const char builtin_check_ref_format_usage[] =
+"git check-ref-format [--print] <refname>\n"
+"   or: git check-ref-format --branch <branchname-shorthand>";
+
+/*
+ * Replace each run of adjacent slashes in src with a single slash,
+ * and write the result to dst.
+ *
+ * This function is similar to normalize_path_copy(), but stripped down
+ * to meet check_ref_format's simpler needs.
+ */
+static void collapse_slashes(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	char ch;
+	char prev = '\0';
+
+	while ((ch = *src++) != '\0') {
+		if (prev == '/' && ch == prev)
+			continue;
+
+		*dst++ = ch;
+		prev = ch;
+	}
+	*dst = '\0';
+}
+
+int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(builtin_check_ref_format_usage);
+
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--branch")) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&sb, argv[2]))
+			die("'%s' is not a valid branch name", argv[2]);
+		printf("%s\n", sb.buf + 11);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--print")) {
+		char *refname = xmalloc(strlen(argv[2]) + 1);
+
+		if (check_ref_format(argv[2]))
+			exit(1);
+		collapse_slashes(refname, argv[2]);
+		printf("%s\n", refname);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	if (argc != 2)
+		usage(builtin_check_ref_format_usage);
+	return !!check_ref_format(argv[1]);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-checkout-index.c b/builtin-checkout-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7a5ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-checkout-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+ * Check-out files from the "current cache directory"
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ * Careful: order of argument flags does matter. For example,
+ *
+ *	git checkout-index -a -f file.c
+ *
+ * Will first check out all files listed in the cache (but not
+ * overwrite any old ones), and then force-checkout "file.c" a
+ * second time (ie that one _will_ overwrite any old contents
+ * with the same filename).
+ *
+ * Also, just doing "git checkout-index" does nothing. You probably
+ * meant "git checkout-index -a". And if you want to force it, you
+ * want "git checkout-index -f -a".
+ *
+ * Intuitiveness is not the goal here. Repeatability is. The
+ * reason for the "no arguments means no work" thing is that
+ * from scripts you are supposed to be able to do things like
+ *
+ *	find . -name '*.h' -print0 | xargs -0 git checkout-index -f --
+ *
+ * or:
+ *
+ *	find . -name '*.h' -print0 | git checkout-index -f -z --stdin
+ *
+ * which will force all existing *.h files to be replaced with
+ * their cached copies. If an empty command line implied "all",
+ * then this would force-refresh everything in the cache, which
+ * was not the point.
+ *
+ * Oh, and the "--" is just a good idea when you know the rest
+ * will be filenames. Just so that you wouldn't have a filename
+ * of "-a" causing problems (not possible in the above example,
+ * but get used to it in scripting!).
+ */
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+#define CHECKOUT_ALL 4
+static int line_termination = '\n';
+static int checkout_stage; /* default to checkout stage0 */
+static int to_tempfile;
+static char topath[4][PATH_MAX + 1];
+
+static struct checkout state;
+
+static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, int prefix_length)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (CHECKOUT_ALL == checkout_stage) {
+		for (i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+			if (i > 1)
+				putchar(' ');
+			if (topath[i][0])
+				fputs(topath[i], stdout);
+			else
+				putchar('.');
+		}
+	} else
+		fputs(topath[checkout_stage], stdout);
+
+	putchar('\t');
+	write_name_quoted(name + prefix_length, stdout, line_termination);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		topath[i][0] = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int checkout_file(const char *name, int prefix_length)
+{
+	int namelen = strlen(name);
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(name, namelen);
+	int has_same_name = 0;
+	int did_checkout = 0;
+	int errs = 0;
+
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -pos - 1;
+
+	while (pos < active_nr) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != namelen ||
+		    memcmp(ce->name, name, namelen))
+			break;
+		has_same_name = 1;
+		pos++;
+		if (ce_stage(ce) != checkout_stage
+		    && (CHECKOUT_ALL != checkout_stage || !ce_stage(ce)))
+			continue;
+		did_checkout = 1;
+		if (checkout_entry(ce, &state,
+		    to_tempfile ? topath[ce_stage(ce)] : NULL) < 0)
+			errs++;
+	}
+
+	if (did_checkout) {
+		if (to_tempfile)
+			write_tempfile_record(name, prefix_length);
+		return errs > 0 ? -1 : 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!state.quiet) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "git checkout-index: %s ", name);
+		if (!has_same_name)
+			fprintf(stderr, "is not in the cache");
+		else if (checkout_stage)
+			fprintf(stderr, "does not exist at stage %d",
+				checkout_stage);
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr, "is unmerged");
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+{
+	int i, errs = 0;
+	struct cache_entry *last_ce = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr ; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (ce_stage(ce) != checkout_stage
+		    && (CHECKOUT_ALL != checkout_stage || !ce_stage(ce)))
+			continue;
+		if (prefix && *prefix &&
+		    (ce_namelen(ce) <= prefix_length ||
+		     memcmp(prefix, ce->name, prefix_length)))
+			continue;
+		if (last_ce && to_tempfile) {
+			if (ce_namelen(last_ce) != ce_namelen(ce)
+			    || memcmp(last_ce->name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
+				write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix_length);
+		}
+		if (checkout_entry(ce, &state,
+		    to_tempfile ? topath[ce_stage(ce)] : NULL) < 0)
+			errs++;
+		last_ce = ce;
+	}
+	if (last_ce && to_tempfile)
+		write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix_length);
+	if (errs)
+		/* we have already done our error reporting.
+		 * exit with the same code as die().
+		 */
+		exit(128);
+}
+
+static const char * const builtin_checkout_index_usage[] = {
+	"git checkout-index [options] [--] <file>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
+
+static int option_parse_u(const struct option *opt,
+			      const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *newfd = opt->value;
+
+	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	if (*newfd < 0)
+		*newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset)
+		line_termination = '\n';
+	else
+		line_termination = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_prefix(const struct option *opt,
+			       const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	state.base_dir = arg;
+	state.base_dir_len = strlen(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_stage(const struct option *opt,
+			      const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "all")) {
+		to_tempfile = 1;
+		checkout_stage = CHECKOUT_ALL;
+	} else {
+		int ch = arg[0];
+		if ('1' <= ch && ch <= '3')
+			checkout_stage = arg[0] - '0';
+		else
+			die("stage should be between 1 and 3 or all");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	int newfd = -1;
+	int all = 0;
+	int read_from_stdin = 0;
+	int prefix_length;
+	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
+	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
+			"checks out all files in the index"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
+			"forces overwrite of existing files"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
+			"don't checkout new files"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
+			"update stat information in the index file",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_u },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
+			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
+			"read list of paths from the standard input"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
+			"write the content to temporary files"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, "string",
+			"when creating files, prepend <string>",
+			option_parse_prefix),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "stage", NULL, NULL,
+			"copy out the files from named stage",
+			option_parse_stage),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	state.base_dir = "";
+	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		die("invalid cache");
+	}
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_checkout_index_options,
+			builtin_checkout_index_usage, 0);
+	state.force = force;
+	state.quiet = quiet;
+	state.not_new = not_new;
+
+	if (state.base_dir_len || to_tempfile) {
+		/* when --prefix is specified we do not
+		 * want to update cache.
+		 */
+		if (state.refresh_cache) {
+			rollback_lock_file(&lock_file);
+			newfd = -1;
+		}
+		state.refresh_cache = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Check out named files first */
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		const char *p;
+
+		if (all)
+			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--all' and explicit filenames");
+		if (read_from_stdin)
+			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--stdin' and explicit filenames");
+		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
+		checkout_file(p, prefix_length);
+		if (p < arg || p > arg + strlen(arg))
+			free((char *)p);
+	}
+
+	if (read_from_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (all)
+			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--all' and '--stdin'");
+
+		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+				strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+				if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+					die("line is badly quoted");
+				strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+			}
+			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, buf.buf);
+			checkout_file(p, prefix_length);
+			if (p < buf.buf || p > buf.buf + buf.len)
+				free((char *)p);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+	if (all)
+		checkout_all(prefix, prefix_length);
+
+	if (0 <= newfd &&
+	    (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	     commit_locked_index(&lock_file)))
+		die("Unable to write new index file");
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-checkout.c b/builtin-checkout.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5277817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-checkout.c
@@ -0,0 +1,839 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+
+static const char * const checkout_usage[] = {
+	"git checkout [options] <branch>",
+	"git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>...",
+	NULL,
+};
+
+struct checkout_opts {
+	int quiet;
+	int merge;
+	int force;
+	int writeout_stage;
+	int writeout_error;
+
+	const char *new_branch;
+	int new_branch_log;
+	enum branch_track track;
+};
+
+static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
+			      int changed)
+{
+	return run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout",
+			sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
+			sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
+			changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	/* "new" can be NULL when checking out from the index before
+	   a commit exists. */
+
+}
+
+static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+		return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+
+	len = baselen + strlen(pathname);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
+	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len - baselen);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
+
+	/* update the index with the given tree's info
+	 * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
+	 * with any non-zero return code.
+	 */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+{
+	while (++pos < active_nr &&
+	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
+		; /* skip */
+	return pos;
+}
+
+static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+{
+	while (pos < active_nr &&
+	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[pos]) == stage)
+			return 0;
+		pos++;
+	}
+	return error("path '%s' does not have %s version",
+		     ce->name,
+		     (stage == 2) ? "our" : "their");
+}
+
+static int check_all_stages(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+{
+	if (ce_stage(ce) != 1 ||
+	    active_nr <= pos + 2 ||
+	    strcmp(active_cache[pos+1]->name, ce->name) ||
+	    ce_stage(active_cache[pos+1]) != 2 ||
+	    strcmp(active_cache[pos+2]->name, ce->name) ||
+	    ce_stage(active_cache[pos+2]) != 3)
+		return error("path '%s' does not have all three versions",
+			     ce->name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int checkout_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos,
+			  struct checkout *state)
+{
+	while (pos < active_nr &&
+	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[pos]) == stage)
+			return checkout_entry(active_cache[pos], state, NULL);
+		pos++;
+	}
+	return error("path '%s' does not have %s version",
+		     ce->name,
+		     (stage == 2) ? "our" : "their");
+}
+
+/* NEEDSWORK: share with merge-recursive */
+static void fill_mm(const unsigned char *sha1, mmfile_t *mm)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!hashcmp(sha1, null_sha1)) {
+		mm->ptr = xstrdup("");
+		mm->size = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	mm->ptr = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!mm->ptr || type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		die("unable to read blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	mm->size = size;
+}
+
+static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+	const char *path = ce->name;
+	mmfile_t ancestor, ours, theirs;
+	int status;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	mmbuffer_t result_buf;
+
+	if (ce_stage(ce) != 1 ||
+	    active_nr <= pos + 2 ||
+	    strcmp(active_cache[pos+1]->name, path) ||
+	    ce_stage(active_cache[pos+1]) != 2 ||
+	    strcmp(active_cache[pos+2]->name, path) ||
+	    ce_stage(active_cache[pos+2]) != 3)
+		return error("path '%s' does not have all 3 versions", path);
+
+	fill_mm(active_cache[pos]->sha1, &ancestor);
+	fill_mm(active_cache[pos+1]->sha1, &ours);
+	fill_mm(active_cache[pos+2]->sha1, &theirs);
+
+	status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor,
+			  &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs", 0);
+	free(ancestor.ptr);
+	free(ours.ptr);
+	free(theirs.ptr);
+	if (status < 0 || !result_buf.ptr) {
+		free(result_buf.ptr);
+		return error("path '%s': cannot merge", path);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK:
+	 * There is absolutely no reason to write this as a blob object
+	 * and create a phony cache entry just to leak.  This hack is
+	 * primarily to get to the write_entry() machinery that massages
+	 * the contents to work-tree format and writes out which only
+	 * allows it for a cache entry.  The code in write_entry() needs
+	 * to be refactored to allow us to feed a <buffer, size, mode>
+	 * instead of a cache entry.  Such a refactoring would help
+	 * merge_recursive as well (it also writes the merge result to the
+	 * object database even when it may contain conflicts).
+	 */
+	if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
+			    blob_type, sha1))
+		die("Unable to add merge result for '%s'", path);
+	ce = make_cache_entry(create_ce_mode(active_cache[pos+1]->ce_mode),
+			      sha1,
+			      path, 2, 0);
+	if (!ce)
+		die("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'", path);
+	status = checkout_entry(ce, state, NULL);
+	return status;
+}
+
+static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
+			  struct checkout_opts *opts)
+{
+	int pos;
+	struct checkout state;
+	static char *ps_matched;
+	unsigned char rev[20];
+	int flag;
+	struct commit *head;
+	int errs = 0;
+	int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
+	int merge = opts->merge;
+	int newfd;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+		return error("corrupt index file");
+
+	if (source_tree)
+		read_tree_some(source_tree, pathspec);
+
+	for (pos = 0; pathspec[pos]; pos++)
+		;
+	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
+
+	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+	}
+
+	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, 0))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
+	if (opts->merge)
+		unmerge_cache(pathspec);
+
+	/* Any unmerged paths? */
+	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+			if (!ce_stage(ce))
+				continue;
+			if (opts->force) {
+				warning("path '%s' is unmerged", ce->name);
+			} else if (stage) {
+				errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
+			} else if (opts->merge) {
+				errs |= check_all_stages(ce, pos);
+			} else {
+				errs = 1;
+				error("path '%s' is unmerged", ce->name);
+			}
+			pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (errs)
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Now we are committed to check them out */
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	state.force = 1;
+	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+			if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
+				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (stage)
+				errs |= checkout_stage(stage, ce, pos, &state);
+			else if (merge)
+				errs |= checkout_merged(pos, &state);
+			pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		die("unable to write new index file");
+
+	resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+	head = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
+
+	errs |= post_checkout_hook(head, head, 0);
+	return errs;
+}
+
+static void show_local_changes(struct object *head)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	/* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	rev.abbrev = 0;
+	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
+	if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
+		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	add_pending_object(&rev, head, NULL);
+	run_diff_index(&rev, 0);
+}
+
+static void describe_detached_head(char *msg, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	parse_commit(commit);
+	pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb, &ctx);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s %s... %s\n", msg,
+		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
+{
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc tree_desc;
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = -1;
+	opts.update = worktree;
+	opts.skip_unmerged = !worktree;
+	opts.reset = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+	opts.verbose_update = !o->quiet;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	parse_tree(tree);
+	init_tree_desc(&tree_desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	switch (unpack_trees(1, &tree_desc, &opts)) {
+	case -2:
+		o->writeout_error = 1;
+		/*
+		 * We return 0 nevertheless, as the index is all right
+		 * and more importantly we have made best efforts to
+		 * update paths in the work tree, and we cannot revert
+		 * them.
+		 */
+	case 0:
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return 128;
+	}
+}
+
+struct branch_info {
+	const char *name; /* The short name used */
+	const char *path; /* The full name of a real branch */
+	struct commit *commit; /* The named commit */
+};
+
+static void setup_branch_path(struct branch_info *branch)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_branchname(&buf, branch->name);
+	if (strcmp(buf.buf, branch->name))
+		branch->name = xstrdup(buf.buf);
+	strbuf_splice(&buf, 0, 0, "refs/heads/", 11);
+	branch->path = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			      struct branch_info *old, struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
+		return error("corrupt index file");
+
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+	if (opts->force) {
+		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	} else {
+		struct tree_desc trees[2];
+		struct tree *tree;
+		struct unpack_trees_options topts;
+
+		memset(&topts, 0, sizeof(topts));
+		topts.head_idx = -1;
+		topts.src_index = &the_index;
+		topts.dst_index = &the_index;
+
+		topts.msgs.not_uptodate_file = "You have local changes to '%s'; cannot switch branches.";
+
+		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+		if (unmerged_cache()) {
+			error("you need to resolve your current index first");
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		/* 2-way merge to the new branch */
+		topts.initial_checkout = is_cache_unborn();
+		topts.update = 1;
+		topts.merge = 1;
+		topts.gently = opts->merge && old->commit;
+		topts.verbose_update = !opts->quiet;
+		topts.fn = twoway_merge;
+		topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
+		topts.dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+		topts.dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(old->commit ?
+					   old->commit->object.sha1 :
+					   (unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		init_tree_desc(&trees[0], tree->buffer, tree->size);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(new->commit->object.sha1);
+		init_tree_desc(&trees[1], tree->buffer, tree->size);
+
+		ret = unpack_trees(2, trees, &topts);
+		if (ret == -1) {
+			/*
+			 * Unpack couldn't do a trivial merge; either
+			 * give up or do a real merge, depending on
+			 * whether the merge flag was used.
+			 */
+			struct tree *result;
+			struct tree *work;
+			struct merge_options o;
+			if (!opts->merge)
+				return 1;
+
+			/*
+			 * Without old->commit, the below is the same as
+			 * the two-tree unpack we already tried and failed.
+			 */
+			if (!old->commit)
+				return 1;
+
+			/* Do more real merge */
+
+			/*
+			 * We update the index fully, then write the
+			 * tree from the index, then merge the new
+			 * branch with the current tree, with the old
+			 * branch as the base. Then we reset the index
+			 * (but not the working tree) to the new
+			 * branch, leaving the working tree as the
+			 * merged version, but skipping unmerged
+			 * entries in the index.
+			 */
+
+			add_files_to_cache(NULL, NULL, 0);
+			init_merge_options(&o);
+			o.verbosity = 0;
+			work = write_tree_from_memory(&o);
+
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+			o.branch1 = new->name;
+			o.branch2 = "local";
+			merge_trees(&o, new->commit->tree, work,
+				old->commit->tree, &result);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		die("unable to write new index file");
+
+	if (!opts->force && !opts->quiet)
+		show_local_changes(&new->commit->object);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void report_tracking(struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(new->name);
+
+	if (!format_tracking_info(branch, &sb))
+		return;
+	fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+				   struct branch_info *old,
+				   struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *old_desc;
+	if (opts->new_branch) {
+		create_branch(old->name, opts->new_branch, new->name, 0,
+			      opts->new_branch_log, opts->track);
+		new->name = opts->new_branch;
+		setup_branch_path(new);
+	}
+
+	old_desc = old->name;
+	if (!old_desc && old->commit)
+		old_desc = sha1_to_hex(old->commit->object.sha1);
+	strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
+		    old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+
+	if (new->path) {
+		create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf);
+		if (!opts->quiet) {
+			if (old->path && !strcmp(new->path, old->path))
+				fprintf(stderr, "Already on '%s'\n",
+					new->name);
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr, "Switched to%s branch '%s'\n",
+					opts->new_branch ? " a new" : "",
+					new->name);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(new->name, "HEAD")) {
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.sha1, NULL,
+			   REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		if (!opts->quiet) {
+			if (old->path)
+				fprintf(stderr, "Note: moving to '%s' which isn't a local branch\nIf you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so\n(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>\n", new->name);
+			describe_detached_head("HEAD is now at", new->commit);
+		}
+	}
+	remove_branch_state();
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	if (!opts->quiet && (new->path || !strcmp(new->name, "HEAD")))
+		report_tracking(new);
+}
+
+static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct branch_info old;
+	unsigned char rev[20];
+	int flag;
+	memset(&old, 0, sizeof(old));
+	old.path = resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+	old.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
+	if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		old.path = NULL;
+
+	if (old.path && !prefixcmp(old.path, "refs/heads/"))
+		old.name = old.path + strlen("refs/heads/");
+
+	if (!new->name) {
+		new->name = "HEAD";
+		new->commit = old.commit;
+		if (!new->commit)
+			die("You are on a branch yet to be born");
+		parse_commit(new->commit);
+	}
+
+	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we were on a detached HEAD, but have now moved to
+	 * a new commit, we want to mention the old commit once more
+	 * to remind the user that it might be lost.
+	 */
+	if (!opts->quiet && !old.path && old.commit && new->commit != old.commit)
+		describe_detached_head("Previous HEAD position was", old.commit);
+
+	update_refs_for_switch(opts, &old, new);
+
+	ret = post_checkout_hook(old.commit, new->commit, 1);
+	return ret || opts->writeout_error;
+}
+
+static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int interactive_checkout(const char *revision, const char **pathspec,
+				struct checkout_opts *opts)
+{
+	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout", pathspec);
+}
+
+struct tracking_name_data {
+	const char *name;
+	char *remote;
+	int unique;
+};
+
+static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *slash;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+		return 0;
+	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
+	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
+		return 0;
+	if (cb->remote) {
+		cb->unique = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+{
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { name, NULL, 1 };
+	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	if (cb_data.unique)
+		return cb_data.remote;
+	free(cb_data.remote);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct checkout_opts opts;
+	unsigned char rev[20];
+	const char *arg;
+	struct branch_info new;
+	struct tree *source_tree = NULL;
+	char *conflict_style = NULL;
+	int patch_mode = 0;
+	int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet),
+		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "new branch", "branch"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "log for new branch"),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "track",
+			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
+		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "stage",
+			    2),
+		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "stage",
+			    3),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &opts.force, "force"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "merge"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
+			   "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
+		  "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+	int has_dash_dash;
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
+
+	git_config(git_checkout_config, NULL);
+
+	opts.track = BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+
+	if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
+			   || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force))
+		die ("--patch is incompatible with all other options");
+
+	/* --track without -b should DWIM */
+	if (0 < opts.track && !opts.new_branch) {
+		const char *argv0 = argv[0];
+		if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
+			die ("--track needs a branch name");
+		if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "refs/"))
+			argv0 += 5;
+		if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "remotes/"))
+			argv0 += 8;
+		argv0 = strchr(argv0, '/');
+		if (!argv0 || !argv0[1])
+			die ("Missing branch name; try -b");
+		opts.new_branch = argv0 + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (conflict_style) {
+		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
+		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (opts.force && opts.merge)
+		die("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible");
+
+	/*
+	 * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
+	 *
+	 *   <ref> must be a valid tree, everything after the '--' must be
+	 *   a path.
+	 *
+	 * case 2: git checkout -- [<paths>]
+	 *
+	 *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
+	 *
+	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
+	 *
+	 *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
+	 *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
+	 *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
+	 *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
+	 *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+	 *
+	 *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
+	 *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
+	 *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
+	 *   to fork local <something> from that remote tracking branch.
+	 *
+	 *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
+	 *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
+	 *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
+	 *   - else: fail.
+	 *
+	 */
+	if (argc) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {       /* case (2) */
+			argv++;
+			argc--;
+			goto no_reference;
+		}
+
+		arg = argv[0];
+		has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
+			arg = "@{-1}";
+
+		if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
+			if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
+				die("invalid reference: %s", arg);
+			if (!patch_mode &&
+			    dwim_new_local_branch &&
+			    opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
+			    !opts.new_branch &&
+			    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
+			    argc == 1) {
+				const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
+				if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
+					goto no_reference;
+				opts.new_branch = arg;
+				arg = remote;
+				/* DWIMmed to create local branch */
+			}
+			else
+				goto no_reference;
+		}
+
+		/* we can't end up being in (2) anymore, eat the argument */
+		argv++;
+		argc--;
+
+		new.name = arg;
+		if ((new.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1))) {
+			setup_branch_path(&new);
+
+			if ((check_ref_format(new.path) == CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK) &&
+			    resolve_ref(new.path, rev, 1, NULL))
+				;
+			else
+				new.path = NULL;
+			parse_commit(new.commit);
+			source_tree = new.commit->tree;
+		} else
+			source_tree = parse_tree_indirect(rev);
+
+		if (!source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
+			die("reference is not a tree: %s", arg);
+		if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
+			/*
+			 * Do not complain the most common case
+			 *	git checkout branch
+			 * even if there happen to be a file called 'branch';
+			 * it would be extremely annoying.
+			 */
+			if (argc)
+				verify_non_filename(NULL, arg);
+		}
+		else {
+			argv++;
+			argc--;
+		}
+	}
+
+no_reference:
+
+	if (opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		opts.track = git_branch_track;
+
+	if (argc) {
+		const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+		if (!pathspec)
+			die("invalid path specification");
+
+		if (patch_mode)
+			return interactive_checkout(new.name, pathspec, &opts);
+
+		/* Checkout paths */
+		if (opts.new_branch) {
+			if (argc == 1) {
+				die("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?", argv[0]);
+			} else {
+				die("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.");
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (1 < !!opts.writeout_stage + !!opts.force + !!opts.merge)
+			die("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index.");
+
+		return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, &opts);
+	}
+
+	if (patch_mode)
+		return interactive_checkout(new.name, NULL, &opts);
+
+	if (opts.new_branch) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&buf, opts.new_branch))
+			die("git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name.",
+			    opts.new_branch);
+		if (!get_sha1(buf.buf, rev))
+			die("git checkout: branch %s already exists", opts.new_branch);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+	if (new.name && !new.commit) {
+		die("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit.");
+	}
+	if (opts.writeout_stage)
+		die("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches.");
+
+	return switch_branches(&opts, &new);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-clean.c b/builtin-clean.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fac64e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-clean.c
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * "git clean" builtin command
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Shawn Bohrer
+ *
+ * Based on git-clean.sh by Pavel Roskin
+ */
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+static int force = -1; /* unset */
+
+static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
+	"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce"))
+		force = !git_config_bool(var, value);
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	int show_only = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
+	int ignored_only = 0, baselen = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0;
+	int rm_flags = REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT;
+	struct strbuf directory = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	static const char **pathspec;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *qname;
+	char *seen = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "force"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
+				"remove whole directories"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, "remove ignored files, too"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
+				"remove only ignored files"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_clean_config, NULL);
+	if (force < 0)
+		force = 0;
+	else
+		config_set = 1;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_clean_usage,
+			     0);
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	if (ignored_only)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+
+	if (ignored && ignored_only)
+		die("-x and -X cannot be used together");
+
+	if (!show_only && !force)
+		die("clean.requireForce %s to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+		    "refusing to clean", config_set ? "set" : "defaults");
+
+	if (force > 1)
+		rm_flags = 0;
+
+	dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+
+	if (!ignored)
+		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
+
+	if (pathspec)
+		seen = xmalloc(argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
+		int len, pos;
+		int matches = 0;
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		struct stat st;
+
+		/*
+		 * Remove the '/' at the end that directory
+		 * walking adds for directory entries.
+		 */
+		len = ent->len;
+		if (len && ent->name[len-1] == '/')
+			len--;
+		pos = cache_name_pos(ent->name, len);
+		if (0 <= pos)
+			continue;	/* exact match */
+		pos = -pos - 1;
+		if (pos < active_nr) {
+			ce = active_cache[pos];
+			if (ce_namelen(ce) == len &&
+			    !memcmp(ce->name, ent->name, len))
+				continue; /* Yup, this one exists unmerged */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * we might have removed this as part of earlier
+		 * recursive directory removal, so lstat() here could
+		 * fail with ENOENT.
+		 */
+		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+			continue;
+
+		if (pathspec) {
+			memset(seen, 0, argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
+			matches = match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len,
+						 baselen, seen);
+		}
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&directory, ent->name);
+			qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
+			if (show_only && (remove_directories ||
+			    (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY))) {
+				printf("Would remove %s\n", qname);
+			} else if (remove_directories ||
+				   (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
+				if (!quiet)
+					printf("Removing %s\n", qname);
+				if (remove_dir_recursively(&directory,
+							   rm_flags) != 0) {
+					warning("failed to remove '%s'", qname);
+					errors++;
+				}
+			} else if (show_only) {
+				printf("Would not remove %s\n", qname);
+			} else {
+				printf("Not removing %s\n", qname);
+			}
+			strbuf_reset(&directory);
+		} else {
+			if (pathspec && !matches)
+				continue;
+			qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
+			if (show_only) {
+				printf("Would remove %s\n", qname);
+				continue;
+			} else if (!quiet) {
+				printf("Removing %s\n", qname);
+			}
+			if (unlink(ent->name) != 0) {
+				warning("failed to remove '%s'", qname);
+				errors++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	free(seen);
+
+	strbuf_release(&directory);
+	return (errors != 0);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-clone.c b/builtin-clone.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58bacbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-clone.c
@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git clone"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>,
+ *		 2008 Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
+ * Based on git-commit.sh by Junio C Hamano and Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ * Clone a repository into a different directory that does not yet exist.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "pack-refs.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+/*
+ * Overall FIXMEs:
+ *  - respect DB_ENVIRONMENT for .git/objects.
+ *
+ * Implementation notes:
+ *  - dropping use-separate-remote and no-separate-remote compatibility
+ *
+ */
+static const char * const builtin_clone_usage[] = {
+	"git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int option_quiet, option_no_checkout, option_bare, option_mirror;
+static int option_local, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
+static char *option_template, *option_reference, *option_depth;
+static char *option_origin = NULL;
+static char *option_branch = NULL;
+static char *option_upload_pack = "git-upload-pack";
+static int option_verbose;
+static int option_progress;
+
+static struct option builtin_clone_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&option_quiet),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&option_verbose),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "progress", &option_progress,
+			"force progress reporting"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
+		    "don't create a checkout"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, "create a bare repository"),
+	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "naked", &option_bare, NULL,
+		"create a bare repository",
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
+		    "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "local", &option_local,
+		    "to clone from a local repository"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
+		    "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "shared", &option_shared,
+		    "setup as shared repository"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
+		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, "path",
+		   "path the template repository"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "reference", &option_reference, "repo",
+		   "reference repository"),
+	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, "branch",
+		   "use <branch> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"),
+	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, "branch",
+		   "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"),
+	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, "path",
+		   "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, "depth",
+		    "create a shallow clone of that depth"),
+
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static const char *argv_submodule[] = {
+	"submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", NULL
+};
+
+static char *get_repo_path(const char *repo, int *is_bundle)
+{
+	static char *suffix[] = { "/.git", ".git", "" };
+	static char *bundle_suffix[] = { ".bundle", "" };
+	struct stat st;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(suffix); i++) {
+		const char *path;
+		path = mkpath("%s%s", repo, suffix[i]);
+		if (is_directory(path)) {
+			*is_bundle = 0;
+			return xstrdup(make_nonrelative_path(path));
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bundle_suffix); i++) {
+		const char *path;
+		path = mkpath("%s%s", repo, bundle_suffix[i]);
+		if (!stat(path, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+			*is_bundle = 1;
+			return xstrdup(make_nonrelative_path(path));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static char *guess_dir_name(const char *repo, int is_bundle, int is_bare)
+{
+	const char *end = repo + strlen(repo), *start;
+	char *dir;
+
+	/*
+	 * Strip trailing spaces, slashes and /.git
+	 */
+	while (repo < end && (is_dir_sep(end[-1]) || isspace(end[-1])))
+		end--;
+	if (end - repo > 5 && is_dir_sep(end[-5]) &&
+	    !strncmp(end - 4, ".git", 4)) {
+		end -= 5;
+		while (repo < end && is_dir_sep(end[-1]))
+			end--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Find last component, but be prepared that repo could have
+	 * the form  "remote.example.com:foo.git", i.e. no slash
+	 * in the directory part.
+	 */
+	start = end;
+	while (repo < start && !is_dir_sep(start[-1]) && start[-1] != ':')
+		start--;
+
+	/*
+	 * Strip .{bundle,git}.
+	 */
+	if (is_bundle) {
+		if (end - start > 7 && !strncmp(end - 7, ".bundle", 7))
+			end -= 7;
+	} else {
+		if (end - start > 4 && !strncmp(end - 4, ".git", 4))
+			end -= 4;
+	}
+
+	if (is_bare) {
+		struct strbuf result = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&result, "%.*s.git", (int)(end - start), start);
+		dir = strbuf_detach(&result, NULL);
+	} else
+		dir = xstrndup(start, end - start);
+	/*
+	 * Replace sequences of 'control' characters and whitespace
+	 * with one ascii space, remove leading and trailing spaces.
+	 */
+	if (*dir) {
+		char *out = dir;
+		int prev_space = 1 /* strip leading whitespace */;
+		for (end = dir; *end; ++end) {
+			char ch = *end;
+			if ((unsigned char)ch < '\x20')
+				ch = '\x20';
+			if (isspace(ch)) {
+				if (prev_space)
+					continue;
+				prev_space = 1;
+			} else
+				prev_space = 0;
+			*out++ = ch;
+		}
+		*out = '\0';
+		if (out > dir && prev_space)
+			out[-1] = '\0';
+	}
+	return dir;
+}
+
+static void strip_trailing_slashes(char *dir)
+{
+	char *end = dir + strlen(dir);
+
+	while (dir < end - 1 && is_dir_sep(end[-1]))
+		end--;
+	*end = '\0';
+}
+
+static void setup_reference(const char *repo)
+{
+	const char *ref_git;
+	char *ref_git_copy;
+
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct transport *transport;
+	const struct ref *extra;
+
+	ref_git = make_absolute_path(option_reference);
+
+	if (is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git)))
+		ref_git = mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git);
+	else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git)))
+		die("reference repository '%s' is not a local directory.",
+		    option_reference);
+
+	ref_git_copy = xstrdup(ref_git);
+
+	add_to_alternates_file(ref_git_copy);
+
+	remote = remote_get(ref_git_copy);
+	transport = transport_get(remote, ref_git_copy);
+	for (extra = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); extra;
+	     extra = extra->next)
+		add_extra_ref(extra->name, extra->old_sha1, 0);
+
+	transport_disconnect(transport);
+
+	free(ref_git_copy);
+}
+
+static void copy_or_link_directory(struct strbuf *src, struct strbuf *dest)
+{
+	struct dirent *de;
+	struct stat buf;
+	int src_len, dest_len;
+	DIR *dir;
+
+	dir = opendir(src->buf);
+	if (!dir)
+		die_errno("failed to open '%s'", src->buf);
+
+	if (mkdir(dest->buf, 0777)) {
+		if (errno != EEXIST)
+			die_errno("failed to create directory '%s'", dest->buf);
+		else if (stat(dest->buf, &buf))
+			die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", dest->buf);
+		else if (!S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode))
+			die("%s exists and is not a directory", dest->buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addch(src, '/');
+	src_len = src->len;
+	strbuf_addch(dest, '/');
+	dest_len = dest->len;
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		strbuf_setlen(src, src_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(src, de->d_name);
+		strbuf_setlen(dest, dest_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(dest, de->d_name);
+		if (stat(src->buf, &buf)) {
+			warning ("failed to stat %s\n", src->buf);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
+			if (de->d_name[0] != '.')
+				copy_or_link_directory(src, dest);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (unlink(dest->buf) && errno != ENOENT)
+			die_errno("failed to unlink '%s'", dest->buf);
+		if (!option_no_hardlinks) {
+			if (!link(src->buf, dest->buf))
+				continue;
+			if (option_local)
+				die_errno("failed to create link '%s'", dest->buf);
+			option_no_hardlinks = 1;
+		}
+		if (copy_file_with_time(dest->buf, src->buf, 0666))
+			die_errno("failed to copy file to '%s'", dest->buf);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static const struct ref *clone_local(const char *src_repo,
+				     const char *dest_repo)
+{
+	const struct ref *ret;
+	struct strbuf src = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf dest = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct transport *transport;
+
+	if (option_shared)
+		add_to_alternates_file(src_repo);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addf(&src, "%s/objects", src_repo);
+		strbuf_addf(&dest, "%s/objects", dest_repo);
+		copy_or_link_directory(&src, &dest);
+		strbuf_release(&src);
+		strbuf_release(&dest);
+	}
+
+	remote = remote_get(src_repo);
+	transport = transport_get(remote, src_repo);
+	ret = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
+	transport_disconnect(transport);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *junk_work_tree;
+static const char *junk_git_dir;
+static pid_t junk_pid;
+
+static void remove_junk(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (getpid() != junk_pid)
+		return;
+	if (junk_git_dir) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, junk_git_dir);
+		remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	}
+	if (junk_work_tree) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, junk_work_tree);
+		remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_junk_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_junk();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static struct ref *wanted_peer_refs(const struct ref *refs,
+		struct refspec *refspec)
+{
+	struct ref *local_refs = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &local_refs;
+
+	get_fetch_map(refs, refspec, &tail, 0);
+	if (!option_mirror)
+		get_fetch_map(refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+
+	return local_refs;
+}
+
+static void write_remote_refs(const struct ref *local_refs)
+{
+	const struct ref *r;
+
+	for (r = local_refs; r; r = r->next)
+		add_extra_ref(r->peer_ref->name, r->old_sha1, 0);
+
+	pack_refs(PACK_REFS_ALL);
+	clear_extra_refs();
+}
+
+int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int is_bundle = 0;
+	struct stat buf;
+	const char *repo_name, *repo, *work_tree, *git_dir;
+	char *path, *dir;
+	int dest_exists;
+	const struct ref *refs, *remote_head;
+	const struct ref *remote_head_points_at;
+	const struct ref *our_head_points_at;
+	struct ref *mapped_refs;
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT, value = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf branch_top = STRBUF_INIT, reflog_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct transport *transport = NULL;
+	char *src_ref_prefix = "refs/heads/";
+	int err = 0;
+
+	struct refspec *refspec;
+	const char *fetch_pattern;
+
+	junk_pid = getpid();
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_clone_options,
+			     builtin_clone_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc > 2)
+		usage_msg_opt("Too many arguments.",
+			builtin_clone_usage, builtin_clone_options);
+
+	if (argc == 0)
+		usage_msg_opt("You must specify a repository to clone.",
+			builtin_clone_usage, builtin_clone_options);
+
+	if (option_mirror)
+		option_bare = 1;
+
+	if (option_bare) {
+		if (option_origin)
+			die("--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible.",
+			    option_origin);
+		option_no_checkout = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!option_origin)
+		option_origin = "origin";
+
+	repo_name = argv[0];
+
+	path = get_repo_path(repo_name, &is_bundle);
+	if (path)
+		repo = xstrdup(make_nonrelative_path(repo_name));
+	else if (!strchr(repo_name, ':'))
+		repo = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(repo_name));
+	else
+		repo = repo_name;
+
+	if (argc == 2)
+		dir = xstrdup(argv[1]);
+	else
+		dir = guess_dir_name(repo_name, is_bundle, option_bare);
+	strip_trailing_slashes(dir);
+
+	dest_exists = !stat(dir, &buf);
+	if (dest_exists && !is_empty_dir(dir))
+		die("destination path '%s' already exists and is not "
+			"an empty directory.", dir);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&reflog_msg, "clone: from %s", repo);
+
+	if (option_bare)
+		work_tree = NULL;
+	else {
+		work_tree = getenv("GIT_WORK_TREE");
+		if (work_tree && !stat(work_tree, &buf))
+			die("working tree '%s' already exists.", work_tree);
+	}
+
+	if (option_bare || work_tree)
+		git_dir = xstrdup(dir);
+	else {
+		work_tree = dir;
+		git_dir = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", dir));
+	}
+
+	if (!option_bare) {
+		junk_work_tree = work_tree;
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(work_tree) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not create leading directories of '%s'",
+				  work_tree);
+		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0755))
+			die_errno("could not create work tree dir '%s'.",
+				  work_tree);
+		set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
+	}
+	junk_git_dir = git_dir;
+	atexit(remove_junk);
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
+
+	setenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT, mkpath("%s/config", git_dir), 1);
+
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_dir) < 0)
+		die("could not create leading directories of '%s'", git_dir);
+	set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(git_dir));
+
+	init_db(option_template, option_quiet ? INIT_DB_QUIET : 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, the config exists, so we do not need the
+	 * environment variable.  We actually need to unset it, too, to
+	 * re-enable parsing of the global configs.
+	 */
+	unsetenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
+
+	if (option_reference)
+		setup_reference(git_dir);
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	if (option_bare) {
+		if (option_mirror)
+			src_ref_prefix = "refs/";
+		strbuf_addstr(&branch_top, src_ref_prefix);
+
+		git_config_set("core.bare", "true");
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&branch_top, "refs/remotes/%s/", option_origin);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top.buf);
+
+	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
+		/* Configure the remote */
+		strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
+		git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
+		strbuf_reset(&key);
+
+		if (option_mirror) {
+			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
+			git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
+			strbuf_reset(&key);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.url", option_origin);
+		git_config_set(key.buf, repo);
+		strbuf_reset(&key);
+	}
+
+	fetch_pattern = value.buf;
+	refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(1, &fetch_pattern);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&value);
+
+	if (path && !is_bundle) {
+		refs = clone_local(path, git_dir);
+		mapped_refs = wanted_peer_refs(refs, refspec);
+	} else {
+		struct remote *remote = remote_get(argv[0]);
+		transport = transport_get(remote, remote->url[0]);
+
+		if (!transport->get_refs_list || !transport->fetch)
+			die("Don't know how to clone %s", transport->url);
+
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+
+		if (option_depth)
+			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
+					     option_depth);
+
+		if (option_quiet)
+			transport->verbose = -1;
+		else if (option_verbose)
+			transport->verbose = 1;
+
+		if (option_progress)
+			transport->progress = 1;
+
+		if (option_upload_pack)
+			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
+					     option_upload_pack);
+
+		refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
+		if (refs) {
+			mapped_refs = wanted_peer_refs(refs, refspec);
+			transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (refs) {
+		clear_extra_refs();
+
+		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
+
+		remote_head = find_ref_by_name(refs, "HEAD");
+		remote_head_points_at =
+			guess_remote_head(remote_head, mapped_refs, 0);
+
+		if (option_branch) {
+			struct strbuf head = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addstr(&head, src_ref_prefix);
+			strbuf_addstr(&head, option_branch);
+			our_head_points_at =
+				find_ref_by_name(mapped_refs, head.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&head);
+
+			if (!our_head_points_at) {
+				warning("Remote branch %s not found in "
+					"upstream %s, using HEAD instead",
+					option_branch, option_origin);
+				our_head_points_at = remote_head_points_at;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			our_head_points_at = remote_head_points_at;
+	}
+	else {
+		warning("You appear to have cloned an empty repository.");
+		our_head_points_at = NULL;
+		remote_head_points_at = NULL;
+		remote_head = NULL;
+		option_no_checkout = 1;
+		if (!option_bare)
+			install_branch_config(0, "master", option_origin,
+					      "refs/heads/master");
+	}
+
+	if (remote_head_points_at && !option_bare) {
+		struct strbuf head_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&head_ref, branch_top.buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(&head_ref, "HEAD");
+		create_symref(head_ref.buf,
+			      remote_head_points_at->peer_ref->name,
+			      reflog_msg.buf);
+	}
+
+	if (our_head_points_at) {
+		/* Local default branch link */
+		create_symref("HEAD", our_head_points_at->name, NULL);
+		if (!option_bare) {
+			const char *head = skip_prefix(our_head_points_at->name,
+						       "refs/heads/");
+			update_ref(reflog_msg.buf, "HEAD",
+				   our_head_points_at->old_sha1,
+				   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			install_branch_config(0, head, option_origin,
+					      our_head_points_at->name);
+		}
+	} else if (remote_head) {
+		/* Source had detached HEAD pointing somewhere. */
+		if (!option_bare) {
+			update_ref(reflog_msg.buf, "HEAD",
+				   remote_head->old_sha1,
+				   NULL, REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			our_head_points_at = remote_head;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Nothing to checkout out */
+		if (!option_no_checkout)
+			warning("remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, "
+				"unable to checkout.\n");
+		option_no_checkout = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (transport) {
+		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+		transport_disconnect(transport);
+	}
+
+	if (!option_no_checkout) {
+		struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+		struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+		struct tree *tree;
+		struct tree_desc t;
+		int fd;
+
+		/* We need to be in the new work tree for the checkout */
+		setup_work_tree();
+
+		fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+		memset(&opts, 0, sizeof opts);
+		opts.update = 1;
+		opts.merge = 1;
+		opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+		opts.verbose_update = !option_quiet;
+		opts.src_index = &the_index;
+		opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(our_head_points_at->old_sha1);
+		parse_tree(tree);
+		init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+		unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
+
+		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+			die("unable to write new index file");
+
+		err |= run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
+				sha1_to_hex(our_head_points_at->old_sha1), "1",
+				NULL);
+
+		if (!err && option_recursive)
+			err = run_command_v_opt(argv_submodule, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&reflog_msg);
+	strbuf_release(&branch_top);
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	strbuf_release(&value);
+	junk_pid = 0;
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-commit-tree.c b/builtin-commit-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90dac34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-commit-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+/*
+ * FIXME! Share the code with "write-tree.c"
+ */
+static void check_valid(unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type expect)
+{
+	enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("%s is not a valid object", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (type != expect)
+		die("%s is not a valid '%s' object", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+		    typename(expect));
+}
+
+static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree <sha1> [-p <sha1>]* < changelog";
+
+static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
+{
+	unsigned char *sha1 = parent->object.sha1;
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	for (parents = *parents_p; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+		if (parents->item == parent) {
+			error("duplicate parent %s ignored", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			return;
+		}
+		parents_p = &parents->next;
+	}
+	commit_list_insert(parent, parents_p);
+}
+
+static const char commit_utf8_warn[] =
+"Warning: commit message does not conform to UTF-8.\n"
+"You may want to amend it after fixing the message, or set the config\n"
+"variable i18n.commitencoding to the encoding your project uses.\n";
+
+int commit_tree(const char *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+		struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
+		const char *author)
+{
+	int result;
+	int encoding_is_utf8;
+	struct strbuf buffer;
+
+	check_valid(tree, OBJ_TREE);
+
+	/* Not having i18n.commitencoding is the same as having utf-8 */
+	encoding_is_utf8 = is_encoding_utf8(git_commit_encoding);
+
+	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192); /* should avoid reallocs for the headers */
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "tree %s\n", sha1_to_hex(tree));
+
+	/*
+	 * NOTE! This ordering means that the same exact tree merged with a
+	 * different order of parents will be a _different_ changeset even
+	 * if everything else stays the same.
+	 */
+	while (parents) {
+		struct commit_list *next = parents->next;
+		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "parent %s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(parents->item->object.sha1));
+		free(parents);
+		parents = next;
+	}
+
+	/* Person/date information */
+	if (!author)
+		author = git_author_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "author %s\n", author);
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "committer %s\n", git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
+	if (!encoding_is_utf8)
+		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "encoding %s\n", git_commit_encoding);
+	strbuf_addch(&buffer, '\n');
+
+	/* And add the comment */
+	strbuf_addstr(&buffer, msg);
+
+	/* And check the encoding */
+	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !is_utf8(buffer.buf))
+		fprintf(stderr, commit_utf8_warn);
+
+	result = write_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, commit_type, ret);
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	return result;
+}
+
+int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	if (argc < 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(commit_tree_usage);
+	if (get_sha1(argv[1], tree_sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[1]);
+
+	for (i = 2; i < argc; i += 2) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *a, *b;
+		a = argv[i]; b = argv[i+1];
+		if (!b || strcmp(a, "-p"))
+			usage(commit_tree_usage);
+
+		if (get_sha1(b, sha1))
+			die("Not a valid object name %s", b);
+		check_valid(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT);
+		new_parent(lookup_commit(sha1), &parents);
+	}
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buffer, 0, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno("git commit-tree: failed to read");
+
+	if (!commit_tree(buffer.buf, tree_sha1, parents, commit_sha1, NULL)) {
+		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-commit.c b/builtin-commit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55676fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-commit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1310 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git commit"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on git-commit.sh by Junio C Hamano and Linus Torvalds
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
+	"git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_status_usage[] = {
+	"git status [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char implicit_ident_advice[] =
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name Your Name\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --author='Your Name <you@example.com>'\n";
+
+static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+
+static char *use_message_buffer;
+static const char commit_editmsg[] = "COMMIT_EDITMSG";
+static struct lock_file index_lock; /* real index */
+static struct lock_file false_lock; /* used only for partial commits */
+static enum {
+	COMMIT_AS_IS = 1,
+	COMMIT_NORMAL,
+	COMMIT_PARTIAL,
+} commit_style;
+
+static const char *logfile, *force_author;
+static const char *template_file;
+static char *edit_message, *use_message;
+static char *author_name, *author_email, *author_date;
+static int all, edit_flag, also, interactive, only, amend, signoff;
+static int quiet, verbose, no_verify, allow_empty, dry_run, renew_authorship;
+static char *untracked_files_arg, *force_date;
+/*
+ * The default commit message cleanup mode will remove the lines
+ * beginning with # (shell comments) and leading and trailing
+ * whitespaces (empty lines or containing only whitespaces)
+ * if editor is used, and only the whitespaces if the message
+ * is specified explicitly.
+ */
+static enum {
+	CLEANUP_SPACE,
+	CLEANUP_NONE,
+	CLEANUP_ALL,
+} cleanup_mode;
+static char *cleanup_arg;
+
+static int use_editor = 1, initial_commit, in_merge, include_status = 1;
+static const char *only_include_assumed;
+static struct strbuf message;
+
+static int null_termination;
+static enum {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
+	STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
+	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
+} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_LONG;
+
+static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
+	if (unset)
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, "\n\n");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+
+	OPT_GROUP("Commit message options"),
+	OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read log from file"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, "AUTHOR", "override author for commit"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, "DATE", "override date for commit"),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "MESSAGE", "specify commit message", opt_parse_m),
+	OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "COMMIT", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
+	OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "COMMIT", "reuse message from specified commit"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C-c/--amend)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
+	OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, "use specified template file"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_flag, "force edit of commit"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "default", "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, "include status in commit message template"),
+	/* end commit message options */
+
+	OPT_GROUP("Commit contents options"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, "commit all changed files"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, "add specified files to index for commit"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, "interactively add files"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, "commit only specified files"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, "bypass pre-commit hook"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, "show what would be committed"),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, "show status concisely",
+		    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
+		    "show porcelain output format", STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
+		    "terminate entries with NUL"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, "amend previous commit"),
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, "ok to record an empty change"),
+	/* end commit contents options */
+
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void rollback_index_files(void)
+{
+	switch (commit_style) {
+	case COMMIT_AS_IS:
+		break; /* nothing to do */
+	case COMMIT_NORMAL:
+		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+		break;
+	case COMMIT_PARTIAL:
+		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+		rollback_lock_file(&false_lock);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int commit_index_files(void)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	switch (commit_style) {
+	case COMMIT_AS_IS:
+		break; /* nothing to do */
+	case COMMIT_NORMAL:
+		err = commit_lock_file(&index_lock);
+		break;
+	case COMMIT_PARTIAL:
+		err = commit_lock_file(&index_lock);
+		rollback_lock_file(&false_lock);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take a union of paths in the index and the named tree (typically, "HEAD"),
+ * and return the paths that match the given pattern in list.
+ */
+static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
+		      const char *prefix, const char **pattern)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *m;
+
+	for (i = 0; pattern[i]; i++)
+		;
+	m = xcalloc(1, i);
+
+	if (with_tree)
+		overlay_tree_on_cache(with_tree, prefix);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
+			continue;
+		if (!match_pathspec(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
+			continue;
+		item = string_list_insert(ce->name, list);
+		if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+			item->util = item; /* better a valid pointer than a fake one */
+	}
+
+	return report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
+}
+
+static void add_remove_files(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		struct stat st;
+		struct string_list_item *p = &(list->items[i]);
+
+		/* p->util is skip-worktree */
+		if (p->util)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!lstat(p->string, &st)) {
+			if (add_to_cache(p->string, &st, 0))
+				die("updating files failed");
+		} else
+			remove_file_from_cache(p->string);
+	}
+}
+
+static void create_base_index(void)
+{
+	struct tree *tree;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+
+	if (initial_commit) {
+		discard_cache();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.index_only = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+
+	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(head_sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		die("failed to unpack HEAD tree object");
+	parse_tree(tree);
+	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts))
+		exit(128); /* We've already reported the error, finish dying */
+}
+
+static void refresh_cache_or_die(int refresh_flags)
+{
+	/*
+	 * refresh_flags contains REFRESH_QUIET, so the only errors
+	 * are for unmerged entries.
+	 */
+	if (refresh_cache(refresh_flags | REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN))
+		die_resolve_conflict("commit");
+}
+
+static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int is_status)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct string_list partial;
+	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	int refresh_flags = REFRESH_QUIET;
+
+	if (is_status)
+		refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
+	if (interactive) {
+		if (interactive_add(argc, argv, prefix) != 0)
+			die("interactive add failed");
+		if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
+			die("index file corrupt");
+		commit_style = COMMIT_AS_IS;
+		return get_index_file();
+	}
+
+	if (*argv)
+		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+
+	/*
+	 * Non partial, non as-is commit.
+	 *
+	 * (1) get the real index;
+	 * (2) update the_index as necessary;
+	 * (3) write the_index out to the real index (still locked);
+	 * (4) return the name of the locked index file.
+	 *
+	 * The caller should run hooks on the locked real index, and
+	 * (A) if all goes well, commit the real index;
+	 * (B) on failure, rollback the real index.
+	 */
+	if (all || (also && pathspec && *pathspec)) {
+		int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, pathspec, 0);
+		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
+		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+			die("unable to write new_index file");
+		commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
+		return index_lock.filename;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * As-is commit.
+	 *
+	 * (1) return the name of the real index file.
+	 *
+	 * The caller should run hooks on the real index, and run
+	 * hooks on the real index, and create commit from the_index.
+	 * We still need to refresh the index here.
+	 */
+	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
+		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
+		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+			die("unable to write new_index file");
+		commit_style = COMMIT_AS_IS;
+		return get_index_file();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * A partial commit.
+	 *
+	 * (0) find the set of affected paths;
+	 * (1) get lock on the real index file;
+	 * (2) update the_index with the given paths;
+	 * (3) write the_index out to the real index (still locked);
+	 * (4) get lock on the false index file;
+	 * (5) reset the_index from HEAD;
+	 * (6) update the_index the same way as (2);
+	 * (7) write the_index out to the false index file;
+	 * (8) return the name of the false index file (still locked);
+	 *
+	 * The caller should run hooks on the locked false index, and
+	 * create commit from it.  Then
+	 * (A) if all goes well, commit the real index;
+	 * (B) on failure, rollback the real index;
+	 * In either case, rollback the false index.
+	 */
+	commit_style = COMMIT_PARTIAL;
+
+	if (in_merge)
+		die("cannot do a partial commit during a merge.");
+
+	memset(&partial, 0, sizeof(partial));
+	partial.strdup_strings = 1;
+	if (list_paths(&partial, initial_commit ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
+		exit(1);
+
+	discard_cache();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("cannot read the index");
+
+	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	add_remove_files(&partial);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+		die("unable to write new_index file");
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
+				       git_path("next-index-%"PRIuMAX,
+						(uintmax_t) getpid()),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
+	create_base_index();
+	add_remove_files(&partial);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	    close_lock_file(&false_lock))
+		die("unable to write temporary index file");
+
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache_from(false_lock.filename);
+
+	return false_lock.filename;
+}
+
+static int run_status(FILE *fp, const char *index_file, const char *prefix, int nowarn,
+		      struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (s->relative_paths)
+		s->prefix = prefix;
+
+	if (amend) {
+		s->amend = 1;
+		s->reference = "HEAD^1";
+	}
+	s->verbose = verbose;
+	s->index_file = index_file;
+	s->fp = fp;
+	s->nowarn = nowarn;
+	s->is_initial = get_sha1(s->reference, sha1) ? 1 : 0;
+
+	wt_status_collect(s);
+
+	switch (status_format) {
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
+		wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination);
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
+		wt_porcelain_print(s, null_termination);
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
+		wt_status_print(s);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return s->commitable;
+}
+
+static int is_a_merge(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+		die("could not parse HEAD commit");
+	return !!(commit->parents && commit->parents->next);
+}
+
+static const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+
+static void determine_author_info(void)
+{
+	char *name, *email, *date;
+
+	name = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME");
+	email = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL");
+	date = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE");
+
+	if (use_message && !renew_authorship) {
+		const char *a, *lb, *rb, *eol;
+
+		a = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\nauthor ");
+		if (!a)
+			die("invalid commit: %s", use_message);
+
+		lb = strstr(a + 8, " <");
+		rb = strstr(a + 8, "> ");
+		eol = strchr(a + 8, '\n');
+		if (!lb || !rb || !eol)
+			die("invalid commit: %s", use_message);
+
+		name = xstrndup(a + 8, lb - (a + 8));
+		email = xstrndup(lb + 2, rb - (lb + 2));
+		date = xstrndup(rb + 2, eol - (rb + 2));
+	}
+
+	if (force_author) {
+		const char *lb = strstr(force_author, " <");
+		const char *rb = strchr(force_author, '>');
+
+		if (!lb || !rb)
+			die("malformed --author parameter");
+		name = xstrndup(force_author, lb - force_author);
+		email = xstrndup(lb + 2, rb - (lb + 2));
+	}
+
+	if (force_date)
+		date = force_date;
+
+	author_name = name;
+	author_email = email;
+	author_date = date;
+}
+
+static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int ch;
+	int hit = 0;
+	int i, j, k;
+	int len = sb->len;
+	int first = 1;
+	const char *buf = sb->buf;
+
+	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		if (hit && buf[i] == '\n')
+			break;
+		hit = (buf[i] == '\n');
+	}
+
+	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
+		i++;
+
+	for (; i < len; i = k) {
+		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		k++;
+
+		if ((buf[k] == ' ' || buf[k] == '\t') && !first)
+			continue;
+
+		first = 0;
+
+		for (j = 0; i + j < len; j++) {
+			ch = buf[i + j];
+			if (ch == ':')
+				break;
+			if (isalnum(ch) ||
+			    (ch == '-'))
+				continue;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
+			     struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct stat statbuf;
+	int commitable, saved_color_setting;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *buffer;
+	FILE *fp;
+	const char *hook_arg1 = NULL;
+	const char *hook_arg2 = NULL;
+	int ident_shown = 0;
+
+	if (!no_verify && run_hook(index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (message.len) {
+		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &message);
+		hook_arg1 = "message";
+	} else if (logfile && !strcmp(logfile, "-")) {
+		if (isatty(0))
+			fprintf(stderr, "(reading log message from standard input)\n");
+		if (strbuf_read(&sb, 0, 0) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not read log from standard input");
+		hook_arg1 = "message";
+	} else if (logfile) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, logfile, 0) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not read log file '%s'",
+				  logfile);
+		hook_arg1 = "message";
+	} else if (use_message) {
+		buffer = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\n\n");
+		if (!buffer || buffer[2] == '\0')
+			die("commit has empty message");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, buffer + 2, strlen(buffer + 2));
+		hook_arg1 = "commit";
+		hook_arg2 = use_message;
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MSG"), 0) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not read MERGE_MSG");
+		hook_arg1 = "merge";
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), &statbuf)) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), 0) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not read SQUASH_MSG");
+		hook_arg1 = "squash";
+	} else if (template_file && !stat(template_file, &statbuf)) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, template_file, 0) < 0)
+			die_errno("could not read '%s'", template_file);
+		hook_arg1 = "template";
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This final case does not modify the template message,
+	 * it just sets the argument to the prepare-commit-msg hook.
+	 */
+	else if (in_merge)
+		hook_arg1 = "merge";
+
+	fp = fopen(git_path(commit_editmsg), "w");
+	if (fp == NULL)
+		die_errno("could not open '%s'", git_path(commit_editmsg));
+
+	if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
+		stripspace(&sb, 0);
+
+	if (signoff) {
+		struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					     getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
+		strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
+		for (i = sb.len - 1; i > 0 && sb.buf[i - 1] != '\n'; i--)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (prefixcmp(sb.buf + i, sob.buf)) {
+			if (!i || !ends_rfc2822_footer(&sb))
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+			strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &sob);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&sob);
+	}
+
+	if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, fp) < sb.len)
+		die_errno("could not write commit template");
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	determine_author_info();
+
+	/* This checks if committer ident is explicitly given */
+	git_committer_info(0);
+	if (use_editor && include_status) {
+		char *author_ident;
+		const char *committer_ident;
+
+		if (in_merge)
+			fprintf(fp,
+				"#\n"
+				"# It looks like you may be committing a MERGE.\n"
+				"# If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+				"#	%s\n"
+				"# and try again.\n"
+				"#\n",
+				git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+
+		fprintf(fp,
+			"\n"
+			"# Please enter the commit message for your changes.");
+		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
+			fprintf(fp,
+				" Lines starting\n"
+				"# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
+				" message aborts the commit.\n");
+		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
+			fprintf(fp,
+				" Lines starting\n"
+				"# with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
+				" yourself if you want to.\n"
+				"# An empty message aborts the commit.\n");
+		if (only_include_assumed)
+			fprintf(fp, "# %s\n", only_include_assumed);
+
+		author_ident = xstrdup(fmt_name(author_name, author_email));
+		committer_ident = fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					   getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"));
+		if (strcmp(author_ident, committer_ident))
+			fprintf(fp,
+				"%s"
+				"# Author:    %s\n",
+				ident_shown++ ? "" : "#\n",
+				author_ident);
+		free(author_ident);
+
+		if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given())
+			fprintf(fp,
+				"%s"
+				"# Committer: %s\n",
+				ident_shown++ ? "" : "#\n",
+				committer_ident);
+
+		if (ident_shown)
+			fprintf(fp, "#\n");
+
+		saved_color_setting = s->use_color;
+		s->use_color = 0;
+		commitable = run_status(fp, index_file, prefix, 1, s);
+		s->use_color = saved_color_setting;
+	} else {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *parent = "HEAD";
+
+		if (!active_nr && read_cache() < 0)
+			die("Cannot read index");
+
+		if (amend)
+			parent = "HEAD^1";
+
+		if (get_sha1(parent, sha1))
+			commitable = !!active_nr;
+		else
+			commitable = index_differs_from(parent, 0);
+	}
+
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	if (!commitable && !in_merge && !allow_empty &&
+	    !(amend && is_a_merge(head_sha1))) {
+		run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Re-read the index as pre-commit hook could have updated it,
+	 * and write it out as a tree.  We must do this before we invoke
+	 * the editor and after we invoke run_status above.
+	 */
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache_from(index_file);
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+	if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
+			      active_cache, active_nr, 0, 0) < 0) {
+		error("Error building trees");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (run_hook(index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
+		     git_path(commit_editmsg), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (use_editor) {
+		char index[PATH_MAX];
+		const char *env[2] = { index, NULL };
+		snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+		if (launch_editor(git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL, env)) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			"Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!no_verify &&
+	    run_hook(index_file, "commit-msg", git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL)) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find out if the message in the strbuf contains only whitespace and
+ * Signed-off-by lines.
+ */
+static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	struct strbuf tmpl = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *nl;
+	int eol, i, start = 0;
+
+	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* See if the template is just a prefix of the message. */
+	if (template_file && strbuf_read_file(&tmpl, template_file, 0) > 0) {
+		stripspace(&tmpl, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+		if (start + tmpl.len <= sb->len &&
+		    memcmp(tmpl.buf, sb->buf + start, tmpl.len) == 0)
+			start += tmpl.len;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&tmpl);
+
+	/* Check if the rest is just whitespace and Signed-of-by's. */
+	for (i = start; i < sb->len; i++) {
+		nl = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
+		if (nl)
+			eol = nl - sb->buf;
+		else
+			eol = sb->len;
+
+		if (strlen(sign_off_header) <= eol - i &&
+		    !prefixcmp(sb->buf + i, sign_off_header)) {
+			i = eol;
+			continue;
+		}
+		while (i < eol)
+			if (!isspace(sb->buf[i++]))
+				return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *av[20];
+	int ac = 0;
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "--author=%s", name);
+	av[++ac] = "--all";
+	av[++ac] = "-i";
+	av[++ac] = buf.buf;
+	av[++ac] = NULL;
+	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
+	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+	commit = get_revision(&revs);
+	if (commit) {
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &buf, &ctx);
+		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+	die("No existing author found with '%s'", name);
+}
+
+
+static void handle_untracked_files_arg(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	if (!untracked_files_arg)
+		; /* default already initialized */
+	else if (!strcmp(untracked_files_arg, "no"))
+		s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NO_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+	else if (!strcmp(untracked_files_arg, "normal"))
+		s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NORMAL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+	else if (!strcmp(untracked_files_arg, "all"))
+		s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+	else
+		die("Invalid untracked files mode '%s'", untracked_files_arg);
+}
+
+static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
+				      const char * const usage[],
+				      const char *prefix,
+				      struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int f = 0;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_commit_options, usage,
+			     0);
+
+	if (force_author && !strchr(force_author, '>'))
+		force_author = find_author_by_nickname(force_author);
+
+	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
+		die("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense");
+
+	if (logfile || message.len || use_message)
+		use_editor = 0;
+	if (edit_flag)
+		use_editor = 1;
+	if (!use_editor)
+		setenv("GIT_EDITOR", ":", 1);
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head_sha1))
+		initial_commit = 1;
+
+	/* Sanity check options */
+	if (amend && initial_commit)
+		die("You have nothing to amend.");
+	if (amend && in_merge)
+		die("You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend.");
+
+	if (use_message)
+		f++;
+	if (edit_message)
+		f++;
+	if (logfile)
+		f++;
+	if (f > 1)
+		die("Only one of -c/-C/-F can be used.");
+	if (message.len && f > 0)
+		die("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F.");
+	if (edit_message)
+		use_message = edit_message;
+	if (amend && !use_message)
+		use_message = "HEAD";
+	if (!use_message && renew_authorship)
+		die("--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend.");
+	if (use_message) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		static char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
+		const char *out_enc;
+		char *enc, *end;
+		struct commit *commit;
+
+		if (get_sha1(use_message, sha1))
+			die("could not lookup commit %s", use_message);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+			die("could not parse commit %s", use_message);
+
+		enc = strstr(commit->buffer, "\nencoding");
+		if (enc) {
+			end = strchr(enc + 10, '\n');
+			enc = xstrndup(enc + 10, end - (enc + 10));
+		} else {
+			enc = utf8;
+		}
+		out_enc = git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : utf8;
+
+		if (strcmp(out_enc, enc))
+			use_message_buffer =
+				reencode_string(commit->buffer, out_enc, enc);
+
+		/*
+		 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
+		 * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
+		 * This also handles the case where input and output
+		 * encodings are identical.
+		 */
+		if (use_message_buffer == NULL)
+			use_message_buffer = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
+		if (enc != utf8)
+			free(enc);
+	}
+
+	if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
+		die("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive can be used.");
+	if (argc == 0 && (also || (only && !amend)))
+		die("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense.");
+	if (argc == 0 && only && amend)
+		only_include_assumed = "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index.";
+	if (argc > 0 && !also && !only)
+		only_include_assumed = "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...";
+	if (!cleanup_arg || !strcmp(cleanup_arg, "default"))
+		cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_ALL : CLEANUP_SPACE;
+	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "verbatim"))
+		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_NONE;
+	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "whitespace"))
+		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_SPACE;
+	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "strip"))
+		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_ALL;
+	else
+		die("Invalid cleanup mode %s", cleanup_arg);
+
+	handle_untracked_files_arg(s);
+
+	if (all && argc > 0)
+		die("Paths with -a does not make sense.");
+	else if (interactive && argc > 0)
+		die("Paths with --interactive does not make sense.");
+
+	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+		dry_run = 1;
+
+	return argc;
+}
+
+static int dry_run_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+			  struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int commitable;
+	const char *index_file;
+
+	index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, 1);
+	commitable = run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
+	rollback_index_files();
+
+	return commitable ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_status_slot(const char *var, int offset)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "header"))
+		return WT_STATUS_HEADER;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "updated")
+		|| !strcasecmp(var+offset, "added"))
+		return WT_STATUS_UPDATED;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "changed"))
+		return WT_STATUS_CHANGED;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "untracked"))
+		return WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "nobranch"))
+		return WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "unmerged"))
+		return WT_STATUS_UNMERGED;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	struct wt_status *s = cb;
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.submodulesummary")) {
+		int is_bool;
+		s->submodule_summary = git_config_bool_or_int(k, v, &is_bool);
+		if (is_bool && s->submodule_summary)
+			s->submodule_summary = -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.color") || !strcmp(k, "color.status")) {
+		s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v, -1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(k, "status.color.") || !prefixcmp(k, "color.status.")) {
+		int slot = parse_status_slot(k, 13);
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!v)
+			return config_error_nonbool(k);
+		color_parse(v, k, s->color_palette[slot]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.relativepaths")) {
+		s->relative_paths = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.showuntrackedfiles")) {
+		if (!v)
+			return config_error_nonbool(k);
+		else if (!strcmp(v, "no"))
+			s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NO_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+		else if (!strcmp(v, "normal"))
+			s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NORMAL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+		else if (!strcmp(v, "all"))
+			s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+		else
+			return error("Invalid untracked files mode '%s'", v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_diff_ui_config(k, v, NULL);
+}
+
+int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct wt_status s;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	static struct option builtin_status_options[] = {
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
+			    "show status concisely", STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
+			    "show porcelain output format",
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
+			    "terminate entries with NUL"),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg,
+		  "mode",
+		  "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)",
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+
+	wt_status_prepare(&s);
+	git_config(git_status_config, &s);
+	in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
+			     builtin_status_options,
+			     builtin_status_usage, 0);
+	handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
+
+	if (*argv)
+		s.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+	read_cache();
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	s.is_initial = get_sha1(s.reference, sha1) ? 1 : 0;
+	s.in_merge = in_merge;
+	wt_status_collect(&s);
+
+	if (s.relative_paths)
+		s.prefix = prefix;
+	if (s.use_color == -1)
+		s.use_color = git_use_color_default;
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	switch (status_format) {
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
+		wt_shortstatus_print(&s, null_termination);
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
+		wt_porcelain_print(&s, null_termination);
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
+		s.verbose = verbose;
+		wt_status_print(&s);
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct strbuf format = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char junk_sha1[20];
+	const char *head = resolve_ref("HEAD", junk_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	struct pretty_print_context pctx = {0};
+	struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf committer_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		die("couldn't look up newly created commit");
+	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+		die("could not parse newly created commit");
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&format, "format:%h] %s");
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &author_ident, &pctx);
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%cn <%ce>", &committer_ident, &pctx);
+	if (strbuf_cmp(&author_ident, &committer_ident)) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Author: ");
+		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &author_ident);
+	}
+	if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Committer: ");
+		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
+		if (advice_implicit_identity) {
+			strbuf_addch(&format, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&format, implicit_ident_advice);
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&author_ident);
+	strbuf_release(&committer_ident);
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+
+	rev.abbrev = 0;
+	rev.diff = 1;
+	rev.diffopt.output_format =
+		DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
+
+	rev.verbose_header = 1;
+	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
+	get_commit_format(format.buf, &rev);
+	rev.always_show_header = 0;
+	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
+	rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 100;
+	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
+	diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
+
+	printf("[%s%s ",
+		!prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ?
+			head + 11 :
+			!strcmp(head, "HEAD") ?
+				"detached HEAD" :
+				head,
+		initial_commit ? " (root-commit)" : "");
+
+	if (!log_tree_commit(&rev, commit)) {
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		format_commit_message(commit, format.buf + 7, &buf, &ctx);
+		printf("%s\n", buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&format);
+}
+
+static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	struct wt_status *s = cb;
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.template"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&template_file, k, v);
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.status")) {
+		include_status = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_status_config(k, v, s);
+}
+
+int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *index_file, *reflog_msg;
+	char *nl, *p;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, **pptr = &parents;
+	struct stat statbuf;
+	int allow_fast_forward = 1;
+	struct wt_status s;
+
+	wt_status_prepare(&s);
+	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
+	in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+	s.in_merge = in_merge;
+
+	if (s.use_color == -1)
+		s.use_color = git_use_color_default;
+	argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_usage,
+					  prefix, &s);
+	if (dry_run) {
+		if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+			diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+		return dry_run_commit(argc, argv, prefix, &s);
+	}
+	index_file = prepare_index(argc, argv, prefix, 0);
+
+	/* Set up everything for writing the commit object.  This includes
+	   running hooks, writing the trees, and interacting with the user.  */
+	if (!prepare_to_commit(index_file, prefix, &s)) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Determine parents */
+	if (initial_commit) {
+		reflog_msg = "commit (initial)";
+	} else if (amend) {
+		struct commit_list *c;
+		struct commit *commit;
+
+		reflog_msg = "commit (amend)";
+		commit = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
+		if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+			die("could not parse HEAD commit");
+
+		for (c = commit->parents; c; c = c->next)
+			pptr = &commit_list_insert(c->item, pptr)->next;
+	} else if (in_merge) {
+		struct strbuf m = STRBUF_INIT;
+		FILE *fp;
+
+		reflog_msg = "commit (merge)";
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head_sha1), pptr)->next;
+		fp = fopen(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), "r");
+		if (fp == NULL)
+			die_errno("could not open '%s' for reading",
+				  git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+		while (strbuf_getline(&m, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			if (get_sha1_hex(m.buf, sha1) < 0)
+				die("Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)", m.buf);
+			pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(sha1), pptr)->next;
+		}
+		fclose(fp);
+		strbuf_release(&m);
+		if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_MODE"), &statbuf)) {
+			if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("MERGE_MODE"), 0) < 0)
+				die_errno("could not read MERGE_MODE");
+			if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "no-ff"))
+				allow_fast_forward = 0;
+		}
+		if (allow_fast_forward)
+			parents = reduce_heads(parents);
+	} else {
+		reflog_msg = "commit";
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head_sha1), pptr)->next;
+	}
+
+	/* Finally, get the commit message */
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path(commit_editmsg), 0) < 0) {
+		int saved_errno = errno;
+		rollback_index_files();
+		die("could not read commit message: %s", strerror(saved_errno));
+	}
+
+	/* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
+	if (verbose) {
+		p = strstr(sb.buf, "\ndiff --git ");
+		if (p != NULL)
+			strbuf_setlen(&sb, p - sb.buf + 1);
+	}
+
+	if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
+		stripspace(&sb, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+	if (message_is_empty(&sb)) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		fprintf(stderr, "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (commit_tree(sb.buf, active_cache_tree->sha1, parents, commit_sha1,
+			fmt_ident(author_name, author_email, author_date,
+				IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME))) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		die("failed to write commit object");
+	}
+
+	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD",
+					   initial_commit ? NULL : head_sha1,
+					   0);
+
+	nl = strchr(sb.buf, '\n');
+	if (nl)
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, nl + 1 - sb.buf);
+	else
+		strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+	strbuf_insert(&sb, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
+	strbuf_insert(&sb, strlen(reflog_msg), ": ", 2);
+
+	if (!ref_lock) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		die("cannot lock HEAD ref");
+	}
+	if (write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, commit_sha1, sb.buf) < 0) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		die("cannot update HEAD ref");
+	}
+
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+	unlink(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
+
+	if (commit_index_files())
+		die ("Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+		     "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+		     "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover.");
+
+	rerere(0);
+	run_hook(get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
+	if (!quiet)
+		print_summary(prefix, commit_sha1);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-config.c b/builtin-config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bc46b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
+	"git config [options]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static char *key;
+static regex_t *key_regexp;
+static regex_t *regexp;
+static int show_keys;
+static int use_key_regexp;
+static int do_all;
+static int do_not_match;
+static int seen;
+static char delim = '=';
+static char key_delim = ' ';
+static char term = '\n';
+
+static int use_global_config, use_system_config;
+static const char *given_config_file;
+static int actions, types;
+static const char *get_color_slot, *get_colorbool_slot;
+static int end_null;
+
+#define ACTION_GET (1<<0)
+#define ACTION_GET_ALL (1<<1)
+#define ACTION_GET_REGEXP (1<<2)
+#define ACTION_REPLACE_ALL (1<<3)
+#define ACTION_ADD (1<<4)
+#define ACTION_UNSET (1<<5)
+#define ACTION_UNSET_ALL (1<<6)
+#define ACTION_RENAME_SECTION (1<<7)
+#define ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION (1<<8)
+#define ACTION_LIST (1<<9)
+#define ACTION_EDIT (1<<10)
+#define ACTION_SET (1<<11)
+#define ACTION_SET_ALL (1<<12)
+#define ACTION_GET_COLOR (1<<13)
+#define ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL (1<<14)
+
+#define TYPE_BOOL (1<<0)
+#define TYPE_INT (1<<1)
+#define TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT (1<<2)
+#define TYPE_PATH (1<<3)
+
+static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
+	OPT_GROUP("Config file location"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, "use global config file"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, "use system config file"),
+	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, "FILE", "use given config file"),
+	OPT_GROUP("Action"),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, "get value: name [value-regex]", ACTION_GET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, "get all values: key [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]", ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, "adds a new variable: name value", ACTION_ADD),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, "removes a variable: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, "removes all matches: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, "rename section: old-name new-name", ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, "remove a section: name", ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, "list all", ACTION_LIST),
+	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, "opens an editor", ACTION_EDIT),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "get-color", &get_color_slot, "slot", "find the color configured: [default]"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "get-colorbool", &get_colorbool_slot, "slot", "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"),
+	OPT_GROUP("Type"),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, "value is \"true\" or \"false\"", TYPE_BOOL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, "value is decimal number", TYPE_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, "value is --bool or --int", TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, "value is a path (file or directory name)", TYPE_PATH),
+	OPT_GROUP("Other"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, "terminate values with NUL byte"),
+	OPT_END(),
+};
+
+static void check_argc(int argc, int min, int max) {
+	if (argc >= min && argc <= max)
+		return;
+	error("wrong number of arguments");
+	usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+}
+
+static int show_all_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+{
+	if (value_)
+		printf("%s%c%s%c", key_, delim, value_, term);
+	else
+		printf("%s%c", key_, term);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+{
+	char value[256];
+	const char *vptr = value;
+	int must_free_vptr = 0;
+	int dup_error = 0;
+
+	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
+		return 0;
+	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (regexp != NULL &&
+	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (show_keys) {
+		if (value_)
+			printf("%s%c", key_, key_delim);
+		else
+			printf("%s", key_);
+	}
+	if (seen && !do_all)
+		dup_error = 1;
+	if (types == TYPE_INT)
+		sprintf(value, "%d", git_config_int(key_, value_?value_:""));
+	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
+		vptr = git_config_bool(key_, value_) ? "true" : "false";
+	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
+		int is_bool, v;
+		v = git_config_bool_or_int(key_, value_, &is_bool);
+		if (is_bool)
+			vptr = v ? "true" : "false";
+		else
+			sprintf(value, "%d", v);
+	} else if (types == TYPE_PATH) {
+		git_config_pathname(&vptr, key_, value_);
+		must_free_vptr = 1;
+	}
+	else
+		vptr = value_?value_:"";
+	seen++;
+	if (dup_error) {
+		error("More than one value for the key %s: %s",
+				key_, vptr);
+	}
+	else
+		printf("%s%c", vptr, term);
+	if (must_free_vptr)
+		/* If vptr must be freed, it's a pointer to a
+		 * dynamically allocated buffer, it's safe to cast to
+		 * const.
+		*/
+		free((char *)vptr);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
+{
+	int ret = -1;
+	char *tl;
+	char *global = NULL, *repo_config = NULL;
+	const char *system_wide = NULL, *local;
+
+	local = config_exclusive_filename;
+	if (!local) {
+		const char *home = getenv("HOME");
+		local = repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
+		if (git_config_global() && home)
+			global = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
+		if (git_config_system())
+			system_wide = git_etc_gitconfig();
+	}
+
+	key = xstrdup(key_);
+	for (tl=key+strlen(key)-1; tl >= key && *tl != '.'; --tl)
+		*tl = tolower(*tl);
+	for (tl=key; *tl && *tl != '.'; ++tl)
+		*tl = tolower(*tl);
+
+	if (use_key_regexp) {
+		key_regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
+		if (regcomp(key_regexp, key, REG_EXTENDED)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key pattern: %s\n", key_);
+			goto free_strings;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (regex_) {
+		if (regex_[0] == '!') {
+			do_not_match = 1;
+			regex_++;
+		}
+
+		regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
+		if (regcomp(regexp, regex_, REG_EXTENDED)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid pattern: %s\n", regex_);
+			goto free_strings;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (do_all && system_wide)
+		git_config_from_file(show_config, system_wide, NULL);
+	if (do_all && global)
+		git_config_from_file(show_config, global, NULL);
+	git_config_from_file(show_config, local, NULL);
+	if (!do_all && !seen && global)
+		git_config_from_file(show_config, global, NULL);
+	if (!do_all && !seen && system_wide)
+		git_config_from_file(show_config, system_wide, NULL);
+
+	free(key);
+	if (regexp) {
+		regfree(regexp);
+		free(regexp);
+	}
+
+	if (do_all)
+		ret = !seen;
+	else
+		ret = (seen == 1) ? 0 : seen > 1 ? 2 : 1;
+
+free_strings:
+	free(repo_config);
+	free(global);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static char *normalize_value(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	char *normalized;
+
+	if (!value)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (types == 0 || types == TYPE_PATH)
+		/*
+		 * We don't do normalization for TYPE_PATH here: If
+		 * the path is like ~/foobar/, we prefer to store
+		 * "~/foobar/" in the config file, and to expand the ~
+		 * when retrieving the value.
+		 */
+		normalized = xstrdup(value);
+	else {
+		normalized = xmalloc(64);
+		if (types == TYPE_INT) {
+			int v = git_config_int(key, value);
+			sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
+		}
+		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
+			sprintf(normalized, "%s",
+				git_config_bool(key, value) ? "true" : "false");
+		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
+			int is_bool, v;
+			v = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &is_bool);
+			if (!is_bool)
+				sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
+			else
+				sprintf(normalized, "%s", v ? "true" : "false");
+		}
+	}
+
+	return normalized;
+}
+
+static int get_color_found;
+static const char *get_color_slot;
+static const char *get_colorbool_slot;
+static char parsed_color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+static int git_get_color_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, get_color_slot)) {
+		if (!value)
+			config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, parsed_color);
+		get_color_found = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_color(const char *def_color)
+{
+	get_color_found = 0;
+	parsed_color[0] = '\0';
+	git_config(git_get_color_config, NULL);
+
+	if (!get_color_found && def_color)
+		color_parse(def_color, "command line", parsed_color);
+
+	fputs(parsed_color, stdout);
+}
+
+static int stdout_is_tty;
+static int get_colorbool_found;
+static int get_diff_color_found;
+static int git_get_colorbool_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+		void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, get_colorbool_slot)) {
+		get_colorbool_found =
+			git_config_colorbool(var, value, stdout_is_tty);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color")) {
+		get_diff_color_found =
+			git_config_colorbool(var, value, stdout_is_tty);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.ui")) {
+		git_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value, stdout_is_tty);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_colorbool(int print)
+{
+	get_colorbool_found = -1;
+	get_diff_color_found = -1;
+	git_config(git_get_colorbool_config, NULL);
+
+	if (get_colorbool_found < 0) {
+		if (!strcmp(get_colorbool_slot, "color.diff"))
+			get_colorbool_found = get_diff_color_found;
+		if (get_colorbool_found < 0)
+			get_colorbool_found = git_use_color_default;
+	}
+
+	if (print) {
+		printf("%s\n", get_colorbool_found ? "true" : "false");
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return get_colorbool_found ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
+{
+	int nongit;
+	char *value;
+	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+
+	config_exclusive_filename = getenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_config_options,
+			     builtin_config_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+
+	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
+		error("only one config file at a time.");
+		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+	}
+
+	if (use_global_config) {
+		char *home = getenv("HOME");
+		if (home) {
+			char *user_config = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
+			config_exclusive_filename = user_config;
+		} else {
+			die("$HOME not set");
+		}
+	}
+	else if (use_system_config)
+		config_exclusive_filename = git_etc_gitconfig();
+	else if (given_config_file) {
+		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_file) && prefix)
+			config_exclusive_filename = prefix_filename(prefix,
+								    strlen(prefix),
+								    given_config_file);
+		else
+			config_exclusive_filename = given_config_file;
+	}
+
+	if (end_null) {
+		term = '\0';
+		delim = '\n';
+		key_delim = '\n';
+	}
+
+	if (HAS_MULTI_BITS(types)) {
+		error("only one type at a time.");
+		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+	}
+
+	if (get_color_slot)
+	    actions |= ACTION_GET_COLOR;
+	if (get_colorbool_slot)
+	    actions |= ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL;
+
+	if ((get_color_slot || get_colorbool_slot) && types) {
+		error("--get-color and variable type are incoherent");
+		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+	}
+
+	if (HAS_MULTI_BITS(actions)) {
+		error("only one action at a time.");
+		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+	}
+	if (actions == 0)
+		switch (argc) {
+		case 1: actions = ACTION_GET; break;
+		case 2: actions = ACTION_SET; break;
+		case 3: actions = ACTION_SET_ALL; break;
+		default:
+			usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
+		}
+
+	if (actions == ACTION_LIST) {
+		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
+		if (git_config(show_all_config, NULL) < 0) {
+			if (config_exclusive_filename)
+				die_errno("unable to read config file '%s'",
+					  config_exclusive_filename);
+			else
+				die("error processing config file(s)");
+		}
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_EDIT) {
+		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
+		if (!config_exclusive_filename && nongit)
+			die("not in a git directory");
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+		launch_editor(config_exclusive_filename ?
+			      config_exclusive_filename : git_path("config"),
+			      NULL, NULL);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_SET) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+		return git_config_set(argv[0], value);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_SET_ALL) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
+		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], value, argv[2], 0);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_ADD) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], value, "^$", 0);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_REPLACE_ALL) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
+		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], value, argv[2], 1);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET) {
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_ALL) {
+		do_all = 1;
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_REGEXP) {
+		show_keys = 1;
+		use_key_regexp = 1;
+		do_all = 1;
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET) {
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		if (argc == 2)
+			return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 0);
+		else
+			return git_config_set(argv[0], NULL);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET_ALL) {
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		return git_config_set_multivar(argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 1);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_RENAME_SECTION) {
+		int ret;
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		ret = git_config_rename_section(argv[0], argv[1]);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+		if (ret == 0)
+			die("No such section!");
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION) {
+		int ret;
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 1);
+		ret = git_config_rename_section(argv[0], NULL);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+		if (ret == 0)
+			die("No such section!");
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLOR) {
+		get_color(argv[0]);
+	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL) {
+		if (argc == 1)
+			stdout_is_tty = git_config_bool("command line", argv[0]);
+		else if (argc == 0)
+			stdout_is_tty = isatty(1);
+		return get_colorbool(argc != 0);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-count-objects.c b/builtin-count-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bdd8eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-count-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git count-objects".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
+			  unsigned long *loose,
+			  off_t *loose_size,
+			  unsigned long *packed_loose,
+			  unsigned long *garbage)
+{
+	struct dirent *ent;
+	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
+		char hex[41];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *cp;
+		int bad = 0;
+
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(ent->d_name))
+			continue;
+		for (cp = ent->d_name; *cp; cp++) {
+			int ch = *cp;
+			if (('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') ||
+			    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f'))
+				continue;
+			bad = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (cp - ent->d_name != 38)
+			bad = 1;
+		else {
+			struct stat st;
+			memcpy(path + len + 3, ent->d_name, 38);
+			path[len + 2] = '/';
+			path[len + 41] = 0;
+			if (lstat(path, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+				bad = 1;
+			else
+				(*loose_size) += xsize_t(on_disk_bytes(st));
+		}
+		if (bad) {
+			if (verbose) {
+				error("garbage found: %.*s/%s",
+				      len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
+				(*garbage)++;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		(*loose)++;
+		if (!verbose)
+			continue;
+		memcpy(hex, path+len, 2);
+		memcpy(hex+2, ent->d_name, 38);
+		hex[40] = 0;
+		if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+			die("internal error");
+		if (has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+			(*packed_loose)++;
+	}
+}
+
+static char const * const count_objects_usage[] = {
+	"git count-objects [-v]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, verbose = 0;
+	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
+	int len = strlen(objdir);
+	char *path = xmalloc(len + 50);
+	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
+	off_t loose_size = 0;
+	struct option opts[] = {
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, count_objects_usage, 0);
+	/* we do not take arguments other than flags for now */
+	if (argc)
+		usage_with_options(count_objects_usage, opts);
+	memcpy(path, objdir, len);
+	if (len && objdir[len-1] != '/')
+		path[len++] = '/';
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		DIR *d;
+		sprintf(path + len, "%02x", i);
+		d = opendir(path);
+		if (!d)
+			continue;
+		count_objects(d, path, len, verbose,
+			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose, &garbage);
+		closedir(d);
+	}
+	if (verbose) {
+		struct packed_git *p;
+		unsigned long num_pack = 0;
+		off_t size_pack = 0;
+		if (!packed_git)
+			prepare_packed_git();
+		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+			if (!p->pack_local)
+				continue;
+			if (open_pack_index(p))
+				continue;
+			packed += p->num_objects;
+			size_pack += p->pack_size + p->index_size;
+			num_pack++;
+		}
+		printf("count: %lu\n", loose);
+		printf("size: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("in-pack: %lu\n", packed);
+		printf("packs: %lu\n", num_pack);
+		printf("size-pack: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (size_pack / 1024));
+		printf("prune-packable: %lu\n", packed_loose);
+		printf("garbage: %lu\n", garbage);
+	}
+	else
+		printf("%lu objects, %lu kilobytes\n",
+		       loose, (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-describe.c b/builtin-describe.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71be2a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-describe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+
+#define SEEN		(1u<<0)
+#define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
+
+static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
+	"git describe [options] <committish>*",
+	"git describe [options] --dirty",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int debug;	/* Display lots of verbose info */
+static int all;	/* Any valid ref can be used */
+static int tags;	/* Allow lightweight tags */
+static int longformat;
+static int abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+static int max_candidates = 10;
+static int found_names;
+static const char *pattern;
+static int always;
+static const char *dirty;
+
+/* diff-index command arguments to check if working tree is dirty. */
+static const char *diff_index_args[] = {
+	"diff-index", "--quiet", "HEAD", "--", NULL
+};
+
+
+struct commit_name {
+	struct tag *tag;
+	int prio; /* annotated tag = 2, tag = 1, head = 0 */
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char path[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+static const char *prio_names[] = {
+	"head", "lightweight", "annotated",
+};
+
+static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
+			       struct commit *commit,
+			       int prio,
+			       const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit_name *e = commit->util;
+	if (!e || e->prio < prio) {
+		size_t len = strlen(path)+1;
+		free(e);
+		e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name) + len);
+		e->tag = NULL;
+		e->prio = prio;
+		hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
+		memcpy(e->path, path, len);
+		commit->util = e;
+	}
+	found_names = 1;
+}
+
+static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct object *object;
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
+	int is_tag, prio;
+
+	if (!all && !might_be_tag)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled) && !is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(peeled, 1);
+		if (!commit)
+			return 0;
+		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	} else {
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+		object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (!commit || !object)
+			return 0;
+		is_tag = object->type == OBJ_TAG;
+	}
+
+	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
+	 * If --tags, then any tags are used.
+	 * Otherwise only annotated tags are used.
+	 */
+	if (might_be_tag) {
+		if (is_tag)
+			prio = 2;
+		else
+			prio = 1;
+
+		if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0))
+			prio = 0;
+	}
+	else
+		prio = 0;
+
+	if (!all) {
+		if (!prio)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, commit, prio, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct possible_tag {
+	struct commit_name *name;
+	int depth;
+	int found_order;
+	unsigned flag_within;
+};
+
+static int compare_pt(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct possible_tag *a = (struct possible_tag *)a_;
+	struct possible_tag *b = (struct possible_tag *)b_;
+	if (a->depth != b->depth)
+		return a->depth - b->depth;
+	if (a->found_order != b->found_order)
+		return a->found_order - b->found_order;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned long finish_depth_computation(
+	struct commit_list **list,
+	struct possible_tag *best)
+{
+	unsigned long seen_commits = 0;
+	while (*list) {
+		struct commit *c = pop_commit(list);
+		struct commit_list *parents = c->parents;
+		seen_commits++;
+		if (c->object.flags & best->flag_within) {
+			struct commit_list *a = *list;
+			while (a) {
+				struct commit *i = a->item;
+				if (!(i->object.flags & best->flag_within))
+					break;
+				a = a->next;
+			}
+			if (!a)
+				break;
+		} else
+			best->depth++;
+		while (parents) {
+			struct commit *p = parents->item;
+			parse_commit(p);
+			if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN))
+				insert_by_date(p, list);
+			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+	return seen_commits;
+}
+
+static void display_name(struct commit_name *n)
+{
+	if (n->prio == 2 && !n->tag) {
+		n->tag = lookup_tag(n->sha1);
+		if (!n->tag || parse_tag(n->tag) || !n->tag->tag)
+			die("annotated tag %s not available", n->path);
+		if (strcmp(n->tag->tag, all ? n->path + 5 : n->path))
+			warning("tag '%s' is really '%s' here", n->tag->tag, n->path);
+	}
+
+	if (n->tag)
+		printf("%s", n->tag->tag);
+	else
+		printf("%s", n->path);
+}
+
+static void show_suffix(int depth, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	printf("-%d-g%s", depth, find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev));
+}
+
+static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct commit *cmit, *gave_up_on = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	struct commit_name *n;
+	struct possible_tag all_matches[MAX_TAGS];
+	unsigned int match_cnt = 0, annotated_cnt = 0, cur_match;
+	unsigned long seen_commits = 0;
+	unsigned int unannotated_cnt = 0;
+
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
+	cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!cmit)
+		die("%s is not a valid '%s' object", arg, commit_type);
+
+	n = cmit->util;
+	if (n && (tags || all || n->prio == 2)) {
+		/*
+		 * Exact match to an existing ref.
+		 */
+		display_name(n);
+		if (longformat)
+			show_suffix(0, n->tag ? n->tag->tagged->sha1 : sha1);
+		if (dirty)
+			printf("%s", dirty);
+		printf("\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!max_candidates)
+		die("no tag exactly matches '%s'", sha1_to_hex(cmit->object.sha1));
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "searching to describe %s\n", arg);
+
+	list = NULL;
+	cmit->object.flags = SEEN;
+	commit_list_insert(cmit, &list);
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *c = pop_commit(&list);
+		struct commit_list *parents = c->parents;
+		seen_commits++;
+		n = c->util;
+		if (n) {
+			if (!tags && !all && n->prio < 2) {
+				unannotated_cnt++;
+			} else if (match_cnt < max_candidates) {
+				struct possible_tag *t = &all_matches[match_cnt++];
+				t->name = n;
+				t->depth = seen_commits - 1;
+				t->flag_within = 1u << match_cnt;
+				t->found_order = match_cnt;
+				c->object.flags |= t->flag_within;
+				if (n->prio == 2)
+					annotated_cnt++;
+			}
+			else {
+				gave_up_on = c;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		for (cur_match = 0; cur_match < match_cnt; cur_match++) {
+			struct possible_tag *t = &all_matches[cur_match];
+			if (!(c->object.flags & t->flag_within))
+				t->depth++;
+		}
+		if (annotated_cnt && !list) {
+			if (debug)
+				fprintf(stderr, "finished search at %s\n",
+					sha1_to_hex(c->object.sha1));
+			break;
+		}
+		while (parents) {
+			struct commit *p = parents->item;
+			parse_commit(p);
+			if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN))
+				insert_by_date(p, &list);
+			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!match_cnt) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1 = cmit->object.sha1;
+		if (always) {
+			printf("%s", find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev));
+			if (dirty)
+				printf("%s", dirty);
+			printf("\n");
+			return;
+		}
+		if (unannotated_cnt)
+			die("No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+			    "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags.",
+			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		else
+			die("No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+			    "Try --always, or create some tags.",
+			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	qsort(all_matches, match_cnt, sizeof(all_matches[0]), compare_pt);
+
+	if (gave_up_on) {
+		insert_by_date(gave_up_on, &list);
+		seen_commits--;
+	}
+	seen_commits += finish_depth_computation(&list, &all_matches[0]);
+	free_commit_list(list);
+
+	if (debug) {
+		for (cur_match = 0; cur_match < match_cnt; cur_match++) {
+			struct possible_tag *t = &all_matches[cur_match];
+			fprintf(stderr, " %-11s %8d %s\n",
+				prio_names[t->name->prio],
+				t->depth, t->name->path);
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "traversed %lu commits\n", seen_commits);
+		if (gave_up_on) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+				"gave up search at %s\n",
+				max_candidates, max_candidates,
+				sha1_to_hex(gave_up_on->object.sha1));
+		}
+	}
+
+	display_name(all_matches[0].name);
+	if (abbrev)
+		show_suffix(all_matches[0].depth, cmit->object.sha1);
+	if (dirty)
+		printf("%s", dirty);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	if (!last_one)
+		clear_commit_marks(cmit, -1);
+}
+
+int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int contains = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, "find the tag that comes after the commit"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, "debug search strategy on stderr"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, "use any ref in .git/refs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, "always use long format"),
+		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
+			    "only output exact matches", 0),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "candidates", &max_candidates,
+			    "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, "pattern",
+			   "only consider tags matching <pattern>"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
+			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
+		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, "mark",
+			   "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")",
+		 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, describe_usage, 0);
+	if (max_candidates < 0)
+		max_candidates = 0;
+	else if (max_candidates > MAX_TAGS)
+		max_candidates = MAX_TAGS;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	if (longformat && abbrev == 0)
+		die("--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0");
+
+	if (contains) {
+		const char **args = xmalloc((7 + argc) * sizeof(char *));
+		int i = 0;
+		args[i++] = "name-rev";
+		args[i++] = "--name-only";
+		args[i++] = "--no-undefined";
+		if (always)
+			args[i++] = "--always";
+		if (!all) {
+			args[i++] = "--tags";
+			if (pattern) {
+				char *s = xmalloc(strlen("--refs=refs/tags/") + strlen(pattern) + 1);
+				sprintf(s, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
+				args[i++] = s;
+			}
+		}
+		memcpy(args + i, argv, argc * sizeof(char *));
+		args[i + argc] = NULL;
+		return cmd_name_rev(i + argc, args, prefix);
+	}
+
+	for_each_ref(get_name, NULL);
+	if (!found_names && !always)
+		die("No names found, cannot describe anything.");
+
+	if (argc == 0) {
+		if (dirty && !cmd_diff_index(ARRAY_SIZE(diff_index_args) - 1, diff_index_args, prefix))
+			dirty = NULL;
+		describe("HEAD", 1);
+	} else if (dirty) {
+		die("--dirty is incompatible with committishes");
+	} else {
+		while (argc-- > 0) {
+			describe(*argv++, argc == 0);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-diff-files.c b/builtin-diff-files.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b64011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-diff-files.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char diff_files_usage[] =
+"git diff-files [-q] [-0/-1/2/3 |-c|--cc] [<common diff options>] [<path>...]"
+COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
+
+int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	int result;
+	unsigned options = 0;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
+	rev.abbrev = 0;
+
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--base"))
+			rev.max_count = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--ours"))
+			rev.max_count = 2;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--theirs"))
+			rev.max_count = 3;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-q"))
+			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
+		else
+			usage(diff_files_usage);
+		argv++; argc--;
+	}
+	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
+		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure there are NO revision (i.e. pending object) parameter,
+	 * rev.max_count is reasonable (0 <= n <= 3), and
+	 * there is no other revision filtering parameters.
+	 */
+	if (rev.pending.nr ||
+	    rev.min_age != -1 || rev.max_age != -1 ||
+	    3 < rev.max_count)
+		usage(diff_files_usage);
+
+	/*
+	 * "diff-files --base -p" should not combine merges because it
+	 * was not asked to.  "diff-files -c -p" should not densify
+	 * (the user should ask with "diff-files --cc" explicitly).
+	 */
+	if (rev.max_count == -1 && !rev.combine_merges &&
+	    (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
+		rev.combine_merges = rev.dense_combined_merges = 1;
+
+	if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.paths) < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache_preload");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	result = run_diff_files(&rev, options);
+	return diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-diff-index.c b/builtin-diff-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0483749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-diff-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char diff_cache_usage[] =
+"git diff-index [-m] [--cached] "
+"[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
+
+int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	int cached = 0;
+	int i;
+	int result;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
+	rev.abbrev = 0;
+
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--cached"))
+			cached = 1;
+		else
+			usage(diff_cache_usage);
+	}
+	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
+		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure there is one revision (i.e. pending object),
+	 * and there is no revision filtering parameters.
+	 */
+	if (rev.pending.nr != 1 ||
+	    rev.max_count != -1 || rev.min_age != -1 || rev.max_age != -1)
+		usage(diff_cache_usage);
+	if (!cached)
+		setup_work_tree();
+	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	result = run_diff_index(&rev, cached);
+	return diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-diff-tree.c b/builtin-diff-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2380c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-diff-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static struct rev_info log_tree_opt;
+
+static int diff_tree_commit_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return -1;
+	return log_tree_commit(&log_tree_opt, commit);
+}
+
+/* Diff one or more commits. */
+static int stdin_diff_commit(struct commit *commit, char *line, int len)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	if (isspace(line[40]) && !get_sha1_hex(line+41, sha1)) {
+		/* Graft the fake parents locally to the commit */
+		int pos = 41;
+		struct commit_list **pptr, *parents;
+
+		/* Free the real parent list */
+		for (parents = commit->parents; parents; ) {
+			struct commit_list *tmp = parents->next;
+			free(parents);
+			parents = tmp;
+		}
+		commit->parents = NULL;
+		pptr = &(commit->parents);
+		while (line[pos] && !get_sha1_hex(line + pos, sha1)) {
+			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(sha1);
+			if (parent) {
+				pptr = &commit_list_insert(parent, pptr)->next;
+			}
+			pos += 41;
+		}
+	}
+	return log_tree_commit(&log_tree_opt, commit);
+}
+
+/* Diff two trees. */
+static int stdin_diff_trees(struct tree *tree1, char *line, int len)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct tree *tree2;
+	if (len != 82 || !isspace(line[40]) || get_sha1_hex(line + 41, sha1))
+		return error("Need exactly two trees, separated by a space");
+	tree2 = lookup_tree(sha1);
+	if (!tree2 || parse_tree(tree2))
+		return -1;
+	printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(tree1->object.sha1),
+			  sha1_to_hex(tree2->object.sha1));
+	diff_tree_sha1(tree1->object.sha1, tree2->object.sha1,
+		       "", &log_tree_opt.diffopt);
+	log_tree_diff_flush(&log_tree_opt);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int diff_tree_stdin(char *line)
+{
+	int len = strlen(line);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
+		return -1;
+	line[len-1] = 0;
+	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1))
+		return -1;
+	obj = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj || !obj->parsed)
+		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return -1;
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return stdin_diff_commit((struct commit *)obj, line, len);
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE)
+		return stdin_diff_trees((struct tree *)obj, line, len);
+	error("Object %s is a %s, not a commit or tree",
+	      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char diff_tree_usage[] =
+"git diff-tree [--stdin] [-m] [-c] [--cc] [-s] [-v] [--pretty] [-t] [-r] [--root] "
+"[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]\n"
+"  -r            diff recursively\n"
+"  --root        include the initial commit as diff against /dev/null\n"
+COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
+
+int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int nr_sha1;
+	char line[1000];
+	struct object *tree1, *tree2;
+	static struct rev_info *opt = &log_tree_opt;
+	int read_stdin = 0;
+
+	init_revisions(opt, prefix);
+	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
+	opt->abbrev = 0;
+	opt->diff = 1;
+	opt->disable_stdin = 1;
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opt, NULL);
+
+	while (--argc > 0) {
+		const char *arg = *++argv;
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--stdin")) {
+			read_stdin = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		usage(diff_tree_usage);
+	}
+
+	if (!opt->diffopt.output_format)
+		opt->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+
+	/*
+	 * NOTE! We expect "a ^b" to be equal to "a..b", so we
+	 * reverse the order of the objects if the second one
+	 * is marked UNINTERESTING.
+	 */
+	nr_sha1 = opt->pending.nr;
+	switch (nr_sha1) {
+	case 0:
+		if (!read_stdin)
+			usage(diff_tree_usage);
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		tree1 = opt->pending.objects[0].item;
+		diff_tree_commit_sha1(tree1->sha1);
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		tree1 = opt->pending.objects[0].item;
+		tree2 = opt->pending.objects[1].item;
+		if (tree2->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			struct object *tmp = tree2;
+			tree2 = tree1;
+			tree1 = tmp;
+		}
+		diff_tree_sha1(tree1->sha1,
+			       tree2->sha1,
+			       "", &opt->diffopt);
+		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (read_stdin) {
+		if (opt->diffopt.detect_rename)
+			opt->diffopt.setup |= (DIFF_SETUP_USE_SIZE_CACHE |
+					       DIFF_SETUP_USE_CACHE);
+		while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin)) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1)) {
+				fputs(line, stdout);
+				fflush(stdout);
+			}
+			else
+				diff_tree_stdin(line);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return diff_result_code(&opt->diffopt, 0);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-diff.c b/builtin-diff.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffcdd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-diff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git diff"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+struct blobinfo {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned mode;
+};
+
+static const char builtin_diff_usage[] =
+"git diff <options> <rev>{0,2} -- <path>*";
+
+static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
+			 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
+			 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			 const char *old_name,
+			 const char *new_name)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(old_sha1) && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
+	    !hashcmp(old_sha1, new_sha1) && (old_mode == new_mode))
+		return;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
+		unsigned tmp;
+		const unsigned char *tmp_u;
+		const char *tmp_c;
+		tmp = old_mode; old_mode = new_mode; new_mode = tmp;
+		tmp_u = old_sha1; old_sha1 = new_sha1; new_sha1 = tmp_u;
+		tmp_c = old_name; old_name = new_name; new_name = tmp_c;
+	}
+
+	if (opt->prefix &&
+	    (strncmp(old_name, opt->prefix, opt->prefix_length) ||
+	     strncmp(new_name, opt->prefix, opt->prefix_length)))
+		return;
+
+	one = alloc_filespec(old_name);
+	two = alloc_filespec(new_name);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+
+	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
+}
+
+static int builtin_diff_b_f(struct rev_info *revs,
+			    int argc, const char **argv,
+			    struct blobinfo *blob,
+			    const char *path)
+{
+	/* Blob vs file in the working tree*/
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+
+	if (lstat(path, &st))
+		die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", path);
+	if (!(S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)))
+		die("'%s': not a regular file or symlink", path);
+
+	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "o/", "w/");
+
+	if (blob[0].mode == S_IFINVALID)
+		blob[0].mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);
+
+	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
+		     blob[0].mode, canon_mode(st.st_mode),
+		     blob[0].sha1, null_sha1,
+		     path, path);
+	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
+	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int builtin_diff_blobs(struct rev_info *revs,
+			      int argc, const char **argv,
+			      struct blobinfo *blob)
+{
+	unsigned mode = canon_mode(S_IFREG | 0644);
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+
+	if (blob[0].mode == S_IFINVALID)
+		blob[0].mode = mode;
+
+	if (blob[1].mode == S_IFINVALID)
+		blob[1].mode = mode;
+
+	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
+		     blob[0].mode, blob[1].mode,
+		     blob[0].sha1, blob[1].sha1,
+		     blob[0].name, blob[1].name);
+	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
+	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
+			      int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int cached = 0;
+	while (1 < argc) {
+		const char *arg = argv[1];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--cached") || !strcmp(arg, "--staged"))
+			cached = 1;
+		else
+			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+		argv++; argc--;
+	}
+	if (!cached)
+		setup_work_tree();
+	/*
+	 * Make sure there is one revision (i.e. pending object),
+	 * and there is no revision filtering parameters.
+	 */
+	if (revs->pending.nr != 1 ||
+	    revs->max_count != -1 || revs->min_age != -1 ||
+	    revs->max_age != -1)
+		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.paths) < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache_preload");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return run_diff_index(revs, cached);
+}
+
+static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
+			     int argc, const char **argv,
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent)
+{
+	const unsigned char *(sha1[2]);
+	int swap = 0;
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+
+	/* We saw two trees, ent[0] and ent[1].
+	 * if ent[1] is uninteresting, they are swapped
+	 */
+	if (ent[1].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		swap = 1;
+	sha1[swap] = ent[0].item->sha1;
+	sha1[1-swap] = ent[1].item->sha1;
+	diff_tree_sha1(sha1[0], sha1[1], "", &revs->diffopt);
+	log_tree_diff_flush(revs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int builtin_diff_combined(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 int argc, const char **argv,
+				 struct object_array_entry *ent,
+				 int ents)
+{
+	const unsigned char (*parent)[20];
+	int i;
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+
+	if (!revs->dense_combined_merges && !revs->combine_merges)
+		revs->dense_combined_merges = revs->combine_merges = 1;
+	parent = xmalloc(ents * sizeof(*parent));
+	for (i = 0; i < ents; i++)
+		hashcpy((unsigned char *)(parent + i), ent[i].item->sha1);
+	diff_tree_combined(parent[0], parent + 1, ents - 1,
+			   revs->dense_combined_merges, revs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void refresh_index_quietly(void)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	int fd;
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 0);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return;
+	discard_cache();
+	read_cache();
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED);
+
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+	    !write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr))
+		commit_locked_index(lock_file);
+
+	rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
+}
+
+static int builtin_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int result;
+	unsigned int options = 0;
+
+	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--base"))
+			revs->max_count = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--ours"))
+			revs->max_count = 2;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--theirs"))
+			revs->max_count = 3;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-q"))
+			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+		else
+			return error("invalid option: %s", argv[1]);
+		argv++; argc--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * "diff --base" should not combine merges because it was not
+	 * asked to.  "diff -c" should not densify (if the user wants
+	 * dense one, --cc can be explicitly asked for, or just rely
+	 * on the default).
+	 */
+	if (revs->max_count == -1 && !revs->combine_merges &&
+	    (revs->diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
+		revs->combine_merges = revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
+
+	setup_work_tree();
+	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.paths) < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache_preload");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	result = run_diff_files(revs, options);
+	return diff_result_code(&revs->diffopt, result);
+}
+
+int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct object_array_entry ent[100];
+	int ents = 0, blobs = 0, paths = 0;
+	const char *path = NULL;
+	struct blobinfo blob[2];
+	int nongit;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We could get N tree-ish in the rev.pending_objects list.
+	 * Also there could be M blobs there, and P pathspecs.
+	 *
+	 * N=0, M=0:
+	 *	cache vs files (diff-files)
+	 * N=0, M=2:
+	 *      compare two random blobs.  P must be zero.
+	 * N=0, M=1, P=1:
+	 *	compare a blob with a working tree file.
+	 *
+	 * N=1, M=0:
+	 *      tree vs cache (diff-index --cached)
+	 *
+	 * N=2, M=0:
+	 *      tree vs tree (diff-tree)
+	 *
+	 * N=0, M=0, P=2:
+	 *      compare two filesystem entities (aka --no-index).
+	 *
+	 * Other cases are errors.
+	 */
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
+
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+
+	/* If this is a no-index diff, just run it and exit there. */
+	diff_no_index(&rev, argc, argv, nongit, prefix);
+
+	/* Otherwise, we are doing the usual "git" diff */
+	rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = !!diff_auto_refresh_index;
+
+	/* Default to let external and textconv be used */
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+
+	if (nongit)
+		die("Not a git repository");
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format) {
+		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
+			die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	}
+
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
+	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
+		setup_pager();
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we have --cached and not have a pending object, then
+	 * default to HEAD by hand.  Eek.
+	 */
+	if (!rev.pending.nr) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+			const char *arg = argv[i];
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--"))
+				break;
+			else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cached") ||
+				 !strcmp(arg, "--staged")) {
+				add_head_to_pending(&rev);
+				if (!rev.pending.nr)
+					die("No HEAD commit to compare with (yet)");
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *list = rev.pending.objects+i;
+		struct object *obj = list->item;
+		const char *name = list->name;
+		int flags = (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING);
+		if (!obj->parsed)
+			obj = parse_object(obj->sha1);
+		obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (!obj)
+			die("invalid object '%s' given.", name);
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			obj = &((struct commit *)obj)->tree->object;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(ent) <= ents)
+				die("more than %d trees given: '%s'",
+				    (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ent), name);
+			obj->flags |= flags;
+			ent[ents].item = obj;
+			ent[ents].name = name;
+			ents++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			if (2 <= blobs)
+				die("more than two blobs given: '%s'", name);
+			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1);
+			blob[blobs].name = name;
+			blob[blobs].mode = list->mode;
+			blobs++;
+			continue;
+
+		}
+		die("unhandled object '%s' given.", name);
+	}
+	if (rev.prune_data) {
+		const char **pathspec = rev.prune_data;
+		while (*pathspec) {
+			if (!path)
+				path = *pathspec;
+			paths++;
+			pathspec++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now, do the arguments look reasonable?
+	 */
+	if (!ents) {
+		switch (blobs) {
+		case 0:
+			result = builtin_diff_files(&rev, argc, argv);
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			if (paths != 1)
+				usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob, path);
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			if (paths)
+				usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+			result = builtin_diff_blobs(&rev, argc, argv, blob);
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+		}
+	}
+	else if (blobs)
+		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
+	else if (ents == 1)
+		result = builtin_diff_index(&rev, argc, argv);
+	else if (ents == 2)
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+	else if ((ents == 3) && (ent[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+		/* diff A...B where there is one sane merge base between
+		 * A and B.  We have ent[0] == merge-base, ent[1] == A,
+		 * and ent[2] == B.  Show diff between the base and B.
+		 */
+		ent[1] = ent[2];
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+	}
+	else
+		result = builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv,
+					     ent, ents);
+	result = diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
+	if (1 < rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch)
+		refresh_index_quietly();
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-fast-export.c b/builtin-fast-export.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0a4029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-fast-export.c
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+/*
+ * "git fast-export" builtin command
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+ */
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char *fast_export_usage[] = {
+	"git fast-export [rev-list-opts]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int progress;
+static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ABORT;
+static int fake_missing_tagger;
+static int no_data;
+
+static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
+				     const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset || !strcmp(arg, "abort"))
+		signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "verbatim") || !strcmp(arg, "ignore"))
+		signed_tag_mode = VERBATIM;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn"))
+		signed_tag_mode = WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "strip"))
+		signed_tag_mode = STRIP;
+	else
+		return error("Unknown signed-tag mode: %s", arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_opt_tag_of_filtered_mode(const struct option *opt,
+					  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset || !strcmp(arg, "abort"))
+		tag_of_filtered_mode = ABORT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "drop"))
+		tag_of_filtered_mode = DROP;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "rewrite"))
+		tag_of_filtered_mode = REWRITE;
+	else
+		return error("Unknown tag-of-filtered mode: %s", arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct decoration idnums;
+static uint32_t last_idnum;
+
+static int has_unshown_parent(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parent;
+
+	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next)
+		if (!(parent->item->object.flags & SHOWN) &&
+		    !(parent->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Since intptr_t is C99, we do not use it here */
+static inline uint32_t *mark_to_ptr(uint32_t mark)
+{
+	return ((uint32_t *)NULL) + mark;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t ptr_to_mark(void * mark)
+{
+	return (uint32_t *)mark - (uint32_t *)NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void mark_object(struct object *object, uint32_t mark)
+{
+	add_decoration(&idnums, object, mark_to_ptr(mark));
+}
+
+static inline void mark_next_object(struct object *object)
+{
+	mark_object(object, ++last_idnum);
+}
+
+static int get_object_mark(struct object *object)
+{
+	void *decoration = lookup_decoration(&idnums, object);
+	if (!decoration)
+		return 0;
+	return ptr_to_mark(decoration);
+}
+
+static void show_progress(void)
+{
+	static int counter = 0;
+	if (!progress)
+		return;
+	if ((++counter % progress) == 0)
+		printf("progress %d objects\n", counter);
+}
+
+static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	struct object *object;
+
+	if (no_data)
+		return;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+
+	object = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!object)
+		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+		return;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	mark_next_object(object);
+
+	printf("blob\nmark :%"PRIu32"\ndata %lu\n", last_idnum, size);
+	if (size && fwrite(buf, size, 1, stdout) != 1)
+		die_errno ("Could not write blob '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	printf("\n");
+
+	show_progress();
+
+	object->flags |= SHOWN;
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static void show_filemodify(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+			    struct diff_options *options, void *data)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filespec *ospec = q->queue[i]->one;
+		struct diff_filespec *spec = q->queue[i]->two;
+
+		switch (q->queue[i]->status) {
+		case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+			printf("D %s\n", spec->path);
+			break;
+
+		case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+			printf("%c \"%s\" \"%s\"\n", q->queue[i]->status,
+			       ospec->path, spec->path);
+
+			if (!hashcmp(ospec->sha1, spec->sha1) &&
+			    ospec->mode == spec->mode)
+				break;
+			/* fallthrough */
+
+		case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+			/*
+			 * Links refer to objects in another repositories;
+			 * output the SHA-1 verbatim.
+			 */
+			if (no_data || S_ISGITLINK(spec->mode))
+				printf("M %06o %s %s\n", spec->mode,
+				       sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1), spec->path);
+			else {
+				struct object *object = lookup_object(spec->sha1);
+				printf("M %06o :%d %s\n", spec->mode,
+				       get_object_mark(object), spec->path);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			die("Unexpected comparison status '%c' for %s, %s",
+				q->queue[i]->status,
+				ospec->path ? ospec->path : "none",
+				spec->path ? spec->path : "none");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *find_encoding(const char *begin, const char *end)
+{
+	const char *needle = "\nencoding ";
+	char *bol, *eol;
+
+	bol = memmem(begin, end ? end - begin : strlen(begin),
+		     needle, strlen(needle));
+	if (!bol)
+		return git_commit_encoding;
+	bol += strlen(needle);
+	eol = strchrnul(bol, '\n');
+	*eol = '\0';
+	return bol;
+}
+
+static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int saved_output_format = rev->diffopt.output_format;
+	const char *author, *author_end, *committer, *committer_end;
+	const char *encoding, *message;
+	char *reencoded = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int i;
+
+	rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+
+	parse_commit(commit);
+	author = strstr(commit->buffer, "\nauthor ");
+	if (!author)
+		die ("Could not find author in commit %s",
+		     sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	author++;
+	author_end = strchrnul(author, '\n');
+	committer = strstr(author_end, "\ncommitter ");
+	if (!committer)
+		die ("Could not find committer in commit %s",
+		     sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	committer++;
+	committer_end = strchrnul(committer, '\n');
+	message = strstr(committer_end, "\n\n");
+	encoding = find_encoding(committer_end, message);
+	if (message)
+		message += 2;
+
+	if (commit->parents &&
+	    get_object_mark(&commit->parents->item->object) != 0) {
+		parse_commit(commit->parents->item);
+		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
+			       commit->tree->object.sha1, "", &rev->diffopt);
+	}
+	else
+		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->tree->object.sha1,
+				    "", &rev->diffopt);
+
+	/* Export the referenced blobs, and remember the marks. */
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->mode))
+			handle_object(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+
+	mark_next_object(&commit->object);
+	if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
+		reencoded = reencode_string(message, "UTF-8", encoding);
+	if (!commit->parents)
+		printf("reset %s\n", (const char*)commit->util);
+	printf("commit %s\nmark :%"PRIu32"\n%.*s\n%.*s\ndata %u\n%s",
+	       (const char *)commit->util, last_idnum,
+	       (int)(author_end - author), author,
+	       (int)(committer_end - committer), committer,
+	       (unsigned)(reencoded
+			  ? strlen(reencoded) : message
+			  ? strlen(message) : 0),
+	       reencoded ? reencoded : message ? message : "");
+	free(reencoded);
+
+	for (i = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		int mark = get_object_mark(&p->item->object);
+		if (!mark)
+			continue;
+		if (i == 0)
+			printf("from :%d\n", mark);
+		else
+			printf("merge :%d\n", mark);
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	log_tree_diff_flush(rev);
+	rev->diffopt.output_format = saved_output_format;
+
+	printf("\n");
+
+	show_progress();
+}
+
+static void handle_tail(struct object_array *commits, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	while (commits->nr) {
+		commit = (struct commit *)commits->objects[commits->nr - 1].item;
+		if (has_unshown_parent(commit))
+			return;
+		handle_commit(commit, revs);
+		commits->nr--;
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	const char *tagger, *tagger_end, *message;
+	size_t message_size = 0;
+	struct object *tagged;
+	int tagged_mark;
+	struct commit *p;
+
+	/* Trees have no identifer in fast-export output, thus we have no way
+	 * to output tags of trees, tags of tags of trees, etc.  Simply omit
+	 * such tags.
+	 */
+	tagged = tag->tagged;
+	while (tagged->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		tagged = ((struct tag *)tagged)->tagged;
+	}
+	if (tagged->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		warning("Omitting tag %s,\nsince tags of trees (or tags of tags of trees, etc.) are not supported.",
+			sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		die ("Could not read tag %s", sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+	message = memmem(buf, size, "\n\n", 2);
+	if (message) {
+		message += 2;
+		message_size = strlen(message);
+	}
+	tagger = memmem(buf, message ? message - buf : size, "\ntagger ", 8);
+	if (!tagger) {
+		if (fake_missing_tagger)
+			tagger = "tagger Unspecified Tagger "
+				"<unspecified-tagger> 0 +0000";
+		else
+			tagger = "";
+		tagger_end = tagger + strlen(tagger);
+	} else {
+		tagger++;
+		tagger_end = strchrnul(tagger, '\n');
+	}
+
+	/* handle signed tags */
+	if (message) {
+		const char *signature = strstr(message,
+					       "\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n");
+		if (signature)
+			switch(signed_tag_mode) {
+			case ABORT:
+				die ("Encountered signed tag %s; use "
+				     "--signed-tag=<mode> to handle it.",
+				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+			case WARN:
+				warning ("Exporting signed tag %s",
+					 sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				/* fallthru */
+			case VERBATIM:
+				break;
+			case STRIP:
+				message_size = signature + 1 - message;
+				break;
+			}
+	}
+
+	/* handle tag->tagged having been filtered out due to paths specified */
+	tagged = tag->tagged;
+	tagged_mark = get_object_mark(tagged);
+	if (!tagged_mark) {
+		switch(tag_of_filtered_mode) {
+		case ABORT:
+			die ("Tag %s tags unexported object; use "
+			     "--tag-of-filtered-object=<mode> to handle it.",
+			     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+		case DROP:
+			/* Ignore this tag altogether */
+			return;
+		case REWRITE:
+			if (tagged->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+				die ("Tag %s tags unexported %s!",
+				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1),
+				     typename(tagged->type));
+			}
+			p = (struct commit *)tagged;
+			for (;;) {
+				if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
+					break;
+				if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+					break;
+				if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
+					break;
+				if (!p->parents)
+					die ("Can't find replacement commit for tag %s\n",
+					     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				p = p->parents->item;
+			}
+			tagged_mark = get_object_mark(&p->object);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/"))
+		name += 10;
+	printf("tag %s\nfrom :%d\n%.*s%sdata %d\n%.*s\n",
+	       name, tagged_mark,
+	       (int)(tagger_end - tagger), tagger,
+	       tagger == tagger_end ? "" : "\n",
+	       (int)message_size, (int)message_size, message ? message : "");
+}
+
+static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct object_array *pending,
+				    struct string_list *extra_refs)
+{
+	struct tag *tag;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pending->nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = pending->objects + i;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct commit *commit = commit;
+		char *full_name;
+
+		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+			continue;
+
+		switch (e->item->type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			commit = (struct commit *)e->item;
+			break;
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+
+			/* handle nested tags */
+			while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
+				parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
+				string_list_append(full_name, extra_refs)->util = tag;
+				tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
+			}
+			if (!tag)
+				die ("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
+			switch(tag->object.type) {
+			case OBJ_COMMIT:
+				commit = (struct commit *)tag;
+				break;
+			case OBJ_BLOB:
+				handle_object(tag->object.sha1);
+				continue;
+			default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
+				warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
+					typename(tag->object.type));
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			warning("%s: Unexpected object of type %s, skipping.",
+				e->name,
+				typename(e->item->type));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (commit->util)
+			/* more than one name for the same object */
+			string_list_append(full_name, extra_refs)->util = commit;
+		else
+			commit->util = full_name;
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(struct string_list *extra_refs)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = extra_refs->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const char *name = extra_refs->items[i].string;
+		struct object *object = extra_refs->items[i].util;
+		switch (object->type) {
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			handle_tag(name, (struct tag *)object);
+			break;
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			/* create refs pointing to already seen commits */
+			commit = (struct commit *)object;
+			printf("reset %s\nfrom :%d\n\n", name,
+			       get_object_mark(&commit->object));
+			show_progress();
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void export_marks(char *file)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	uint32_t mark;
+	struct object_decoration *deco = idnums.hash;
+	FILE *f;
+	int e = 0;
+
+	f = fopen(file, "w");
+	if (!f)
+		error("Unable to open marks file %s for writing.", file);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < idnums.size; i++) {
+		if (deco->base && deco->base->type == 1) {
+			mark = ptr_to_mark(deco->decoration);
+			if (fprintf(f, ":%"PRIu32" %s\n", mark,
+				sha1_to_hex(deco->base->sha1)) < 0) {
+			    e = 1;
+			    break;
+			}
+		}
+		deco++;
+	}
+
+	e |= ferror(f);
+	e |= fclose(f);
+	if (e)
+		error("Unable to write marks file %s.", file);
+}
+
+static void import_marks(char *input_file)
+{
+	char line[512];
+	FILE *f = fopen(input_file, "r");
+	if (!f)
+		die_errno("cannot read '%s'", input_file);
+
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
+		uint32_t mark;
+		char *line_end, *mark_end;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object *object;
+
+		line_end = strchr(line, '\n');
+		if (line[0] != ':' || !line_end)
+			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
+		*line_end = '\0';
+
+		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &mark_end, 10);
+		if (!mark || mark_end == line + 1
+			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
+			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
+
+		object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (!object)
+			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1);
+
+		mark_object(object, mark);
+		if (last_idnum < mark)
+			last_idnum = mark;
+
+		object->flags |= SHOWN;
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+}
+
+int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct object_array commits = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	struct string_list extra_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct commit *commit;
+	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "progress", &progress,
+			    "show progress after <n> objects"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, "mode",
+			     "select handling of signed tags",
+			     parse_opt_signed_tag_mode),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, "mode",
+			     "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects",
+			     parse_opt_tag_of_filtered_mode),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, "FILE",
+			     "Dump marks to this file"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, "FILE",
+			     "Import marks from this file"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
+			     "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"),
+		{ OPTION_NEGBIT, 0, "data", &no_data, NULL,
+			"Skip output of blob data",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP, NULL, 1 },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	if (argc == 1)
+		usage_with_options (fast_export_usage, options);
+
+	/* we handle encodings */
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
+	revs.topo_order = 1;
+	revs.show_source = 1;
+	revs.rewrite_parents = 1;
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, fast_export_usage, 0);
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage_with_options (fast_export_usage, options);
+
+	if (import_filename)
+		import_marks(import_filename);
+
+	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	revs.diffopt.format_callback = show_filemodify;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs))) {
+		if (has_unshown_parent(commit)) {
+			add_object_array(&commit->object, NULL, &commits);
+		}
+		else {
+			handle_commit(commit, &revs);
+			handle_tail(&commits, &revs);
+		}
+	}
+
+	handle_tags_and_duplicates(&extra_refs);
+
+	if (export_filename)
+		export_marks(export_filename);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-fetch-pack.c b/builtin-fetch-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ed4a6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-fetch-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,975 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
+static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
+static struct fetch_pack_args args = {
+	/* .uploadpack = */ "git-upload-pack",
+};
+
+static const char fetch_pack_usage[] =
+"git fetch-pack [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
+
+#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
+#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
+#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
+#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
+#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
+
+static int marked;
+
+/*
+ * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
+ * give up traversing our history.
+ */
+#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
+
+static struct commit_list *rev_list;
+static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
+
+static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+{
+	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
+		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+
+		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
+			if (parse_commit(commit))
+				return;
+
+		insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
+
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), path, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int clear_marks(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), path, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
+				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
+   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
+   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
+*/
+
+static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
+		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
+{
+	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
+
+		if (!ancestors_only)
+			o->flags |= COMMON;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
+			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
+		else {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+
+			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
+				non_common_revs--;
+			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
+				if (parse_commit(commit))
+					return;
+
+			for (parents = commit->parents;
+					parents;
+					parents = parents->next)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	while (commit == NULL) {
+		unsigned int mark;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
+			return NULL;
+
+		commit = rev_list->item;
+		if (!commit->object.parsed)
+			parse_commit(commit);
+		parents = commit->parents;
+
+		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs--;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
+			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			commit = NULL;
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
+			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		else
+			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
+			mark = SEEN;
+
+		while (parents) {
+			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
+				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
+			if (mark & COMMON)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+
+		rev_list = rev_list->next;
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.sha1;
+}
+
+enum ack_type {
+	NAK = 0,
+	ACK,
+	ACK_continue,
+	ACK_common,
+	ACK_ready
+};
+
+static void consume_shallow_list(int fd)
+{
+	if (args.stateless_rpc && args.depth > 0) {
+		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
+		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
+		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
+		 */
+		char line[1000];
+		while (packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line))) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
+				continue;
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
+				continue;
+			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	static char line[1000];
+	int len = packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line));
+
+	if (!len)
+		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
+	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
+		line[--len] = 0;
+	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
+		return NAK;
+	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
+		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
+			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
+				return ACK_continue;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
+				return ACK_common;
+			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
+				return ACK_ready;
+			return ACK;
+		}
+	}
+	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
+}
+
+static void send_request(int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		packet_flush(fd);
+	} else
+		safe_write(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+}
+
+static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
+		       struct ref *refs)
+{
+	int fetching;
+	int count = 0, flushes = 0, retval;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned in_vain = 0;
+	int got_continue = 0;
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t state_len = 0;
+
+	if (args.stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
+		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
+	if (marked)
+		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
+	marked = 1;
+
+	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
+
+	fetching = 0;
+	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
+		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
+		const char *remote_hex;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		/*
+		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
+		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
+		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
+		 * about.
+		 *
+		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
+		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
+		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
+		 */
+		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
+				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
+		if (!fetching) {
+			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
+			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
+			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
+			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
+			if (args.use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
+			if (args.no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
+			if (args.include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
+			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&c);
+		} else
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
+		fetching++;
+	}
+
+	if (!fetching) {
+		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
+	if (args.depth > 0)
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args.depth);
+	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+	state_len = req_buf.len;
+
+	if (args.depth > 0) {
+		char line[1024];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
+		while (packet_read_line(fd[0], line, sizeof(line))) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
+					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
+					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
+				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
+					die("object not found: %s", line);
+				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
+				if (!parse_object(sha1))
+					die("error in object: %s", line);
+				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
+					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		}
+	} else if (!args.stateless_rpc)
+		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
+
+	if (!args.stateless_rpc) {
+		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
+		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
+		state_len = 0;
+	}
+
+	flushes = 0;
+	retval = -1;
+	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		in_vain++;
+		if (!(31 & ++count)) {
+			int ack;
+
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
+			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
+			flushes++;
+
+			/*
+			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
+			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
+			 */
+			if (!args.stateless_rpc && count == 32)
+				continue;
+
+			consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
+			do {
+				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+				if (args.verbose && ack)
+					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
+							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+				switch (ack) {
+				case ACK:
+					flushes = 0;
+					multi_ack = 0;
+					retval = 0;
+					goto done;
+				case ACK_common:
+				case ACK_ready:
+				case ACK_continue: {
+					struct commit *commit =
+						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
+					if (args.stateless_rpc
+					 && ack == ACK_common
+					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+						/* We need to replay the have for this object
+						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
+						 * it is in common with us.
+						 */
+						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
+						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
+						state_len = req_buf.len;
+					}
+					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
+					retval = 0;
+					in_vain = 0;
+					got_continue = 1;
+					break;
+					}
+				}
+			} while (ack);
+			flushes--;
+			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
+				if (args.verbose)
+					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
+				break; /* give up */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
+	send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
+	if (args.verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
+	if (retval != 0) {
+		multi_ack = 0;
+		flushes++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
+	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
+		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+		if (ack) {
+			if (args.verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
+					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+			if (ack == ACK)
+				return 0;
+			multi_ack = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		flushes--;
+	}
+	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
+	return count ? retval : 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *complete;
+
+static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
+		if (!t->tagged)
+			break; /* broken repository */
+		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+	}
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
+		insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_recent_complete_commits(unsigned long cutoff)
+{
+	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
+		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
+	}
+}
+
+static void filter_refs(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
+{
+	struct ref **return_refs;
+	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
+	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
+	struct ref *ref, *next;
+	struct ref *fastarray[32];
+
+	if (nr_match && !args.fetch_all) {
+		if (ARRAY_SIZE(fastarray) < nr_match)
+			return_refs = xcalloc(nr_match, sizeof(struct ref *));
+		else {
+			return_refs = fastarray;
+			memset(return_refs, 0, sizeof(struct ref *) * nr_match);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		return_refs = NULL;
+
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
+		next = ref->next;
+		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
+		    check_ref_format(ref->name + 5))
+			; /* trash */
+		else if (args.fetch_all &&
+			 (!args.depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") )) {
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		else {
+			int order = path_match(ref->name, nr_match, match);
+			if (order) {
+				return_refs[order-1] = ref;
+				continue; /* we will link it later */
+			}
+		}
+		free(ref);
+	}
+
+	if (!args.fetch_all) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_match; i++) {
+			ref = return_refs[i];
+			if (ref) {
+				*newtail = ref;
+				ref->next = NULL;
+				newtail = &ref->next;
+			}
+		}
+		if (return_refs != fastarray)
+			free(return_refs);
+	}
+	*refs = newlist;
+}
+
+static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int retval;
+	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o;
+
+		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!o)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
+		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
+		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
+		 */
+		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!args.depth) {
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+		if (cutoff)
+			mark_recent_complete_commits(cutoff);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
+	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
+	 */
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
+					     NULL, 0);
+
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
+			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
+
+			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	filter_refs(refs, nr_match, match);
+
+	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
+		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
+		unsigned char local[20];
+		struct object *o;
+
+		o = lookup_object(remote);
+		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			retval = 0;
+			if (!args.verbose)
+				continue;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+				ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
+		if (!args.verbose)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+			ref->name);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int fd, void *data)
+{
+	int *xd = data;
+
+	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], fd);
+	close(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_pack(int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct async demux;
+	const char *argv[20];
+	char keep_arg[256];
+	char hdr_arg[256];
+	const char **av;
+	int do_keep = args.keep_pack;
+	struct child_process cmd;
+
+	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+	if (use_sideband) {
+		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
+		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
+		 * through demux->out.
+		 */
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = xd;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
+			    " demultiplexer");
+	}
+	else
+		demux.out = xd[0];
+
+	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+	cmd.argv = argv;
+	av = argv;
+	*hdr_arg = 0;
+	if (!args.keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
+		struct pack_header header;
+
+		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
+			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
+		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
+			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
+		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
+			do_keep = 0;
+		else
+			do_keep = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (do_keep) {
+		if (pack_lockfile)
+			cmd.out = -1;
+		*av++ = "index-pack";
+		*av++ = "--stdin";
+		if (!args.quiet && !args.no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-v";
+		if (args.use_thin_pack)
+			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
+		if (args.lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
+			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
+					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
+			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
+				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
+			*av++ = keep_arg;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
+		if (args.quiet)
+			*av++ = "-q";
+	}
+	if (*hdr_arg)
+		*av++ = hdr_arg;
+	*av++ = NULL;
+
+	cmd.in = demux.out;
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cmd))
+		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
+	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
+		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
+		close(cmd.out);
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&cmd))
+		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
+	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
+		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(int fd[2],
+		const struct ref *orig_ref,
+		int nr_match,
+		char **match,
+		char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
+		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
+	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
+		multi_ack = 2;
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
+		multi_ack = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
+		use_sideband = 2;
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
+	} else
+		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
+	if (everything_local(&ref, nr_match, match)) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		goto all_done;
+	}
+	if (find_common(fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
+		if (!args.keep_pack)
+			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
+			 * no common commit.
+			 */
+			warning("no common commits");
+
+	if (args.stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+	if (get_pack(fd, pack_lockfile))
+		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
+
+ all_done:
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static int remove_duplicates(int nr_heads, char **heads)
+{
+	int src, dst;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr_heads; src++) {
+		/* If heads[src] is different from any of
+		 * heads[0..dst], push it in.
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < dst; i++) {
+			if (!strcmp(heads[i], heads[src]))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (i < dst)
+			continue;
+		if (src != dst)
+			heads[dst] = heads[src];
+		dst++;
+	}
+	return dst;
+}
+
+static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
+		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static struct lock_file lock;
+
+static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
+{
+	static int did_setup;
+	if (did_setup)
+		return;
+	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
+	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
+	did_setup = 1;
+}
+
+int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, ret, nr_heads;
+	struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	char *dest = NULL, **heads;
+	int fd[2];
+	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
+	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
+	struct child_process *conn;
+
+	nr_heads = 0;
+	heads = NULL;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
+				args.uploadpack = arg + 14;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
+				args.uploadpack = arg + 7;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--quiet", arg) || !strcmp("-q", arg)) {
+				args.quiet = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--keep", arg) || !strcmp("-k", arg)) {
+				args.lock_pack = args.keep_pack;
+				args.keep_pack = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
+				args.use_thin_pack = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
+				args.include_tag = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--all", arg)) {
+				args.fetch_all = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("-v", arg)) {
+				args.verbose = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--depth=")) {
+				args.depth = strtol(arg + 8, NULL, 0);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--no-progress", arg)) {
+				args.no_progress = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--stateless-rpc", arg)) {
+				args.stateless_rpc = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--lock-pack", arg)) {
+				args.lock_pack = 1;
+				pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
+				continue;
+			}
+			usage(fetch_pack_usage);
+		}
+		dest = (char *)arg;
+		heads = (char **)(argv + i + 1);
+		nr_heads = argc - i - 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	if (!dest)
+		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
+
+	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+		conn = NULL;
+		fd[0] = 0;
+		fd[1] = 1;
+	} else {
+		conn = git_connect(fd, (char *)dest, args.uploadpack,
+				   args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
+	}
+
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &ref, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
+
+	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest,
+		nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile_ptr);
+	if (pack_lockfile) {
+		printf("lock %s\n", pack_lockfile);
+		fflush(stdout);
+	}
+	close(fd[0]);
+	close(fd[1]);
+	if (finish_connect(conn))
+		ref = NULL;
+	ret = !ref;
+
+	if (!ret && nr_heads) {
+		/* If the heads to pull were given, we should have
+		 * consumed all of them by matching the remote.
+		 * Otherwise, 'git fetch remote no-such-ref' would
+		 * silently succeed without issuing an error.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
+			if (heads[i] && heads[i][0]) {
+				error("no such remote ref %s", heads[i]);
+				ret = 1;
+			}
+	}
+	while (ref) {
+		printf("%s %s\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
+		ref = ref->next;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *my_args,
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		const char *dest,
+		int nr_heads,
+		char **heads,
+		char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct ref *ref_cpy;
+
+	fetch_pack_setup();
+	if (&args != my_args)
+		memcpy(&args, my_args, sizeof(args));
+	if (args.depth > 0) {
+		if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
+			st.st_mtime = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (heads && nr_heads)
+		nr_heads = remove_duplicates(nr_heads, heads);
+	if (!ref) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		die("no matching remote head");
+	}
+	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(fd, ref, nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile);
+
+	if (args.depth > 0) {
+		struct cache_time mtime;
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		char *shallow = git_path("shallow");
+		int fd;
+
+		mtime.sec = st.st_mtime;
+		mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
+		if (stat(shallow, &st)) {
+			if (mtime.sec)
+				die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
+		} else if (st.st_mtime != mtime.sec
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+				|| ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime.nsec
+#endif
+			  )
+			die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
+
+		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, shallow,
+					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+		if (!write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)
+		 || write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
+			unlink_or_warn(shallow);
+			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+		} else {
+			commit_lock_file(&lock);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
+
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return ref_cpy;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-fetch.c b/builtin-fetch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8654fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-fetch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+/*
+ * "git fetch"
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
+	"git fetch [options] [<repository> <refspec>...]",
+	"git fetch [options] <group>",
+	"git fetch --multiple [options] [<repository> | <group>]...",
+	"git fetch --all [options]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+enum {
+	TAGS_UNSET = 0,
+	TAGS_DEFAULT = 1,
+	TAGS_SET = 2
+};
+
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
+static const char *depth;
+static const char *upload_pack;
+static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct transport *transport;
+
+static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
+	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all,
+		    "fetch from all remotes"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "append", &append,
+		    "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, "PATH",
+		   "path to upload pack on remote end"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
+		    "force overwrite of local branch"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
+		    "fetch from multiple remotes"),
+	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
+		    "fetch all tags and associated objects", TAGS_SET),
+	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
+		    "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
+		    "prune tracking branches no longer on remote"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
+		    "dry run"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, "keep downloaded pack"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
+		    "allow updating of HEAD ref"),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, "DEPTH",
+		   "deepen history of shallow clone"),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void unlock_pack(void)
+{
+	if (transport)
+		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+}
+
+static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	unlock_pack();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
+			   const struct ref *remote_refs,
+		           struct branch *branch,
+		           struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
+		struct ref *rm, **old_tail = *tail;
+		struct refspec refspec;
+
+		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
+				rm->merge = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (rm)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Not fetched to a tracking branch?  We need to fetch
+		 * it anyway to allow this branch's "branch.$name.merge"
+		 * to be honored by 'git pull', but we do not have to
+		 * fail if branch.$name.merge is misconfigured to point
+		 * at a nonexisting branch.  If we were indeed called by
+		 * 'git pull', it will notice the misconfiguration because
+		 * there is no entry in the resulting FETCH_HEAD marked
+		 * for merging.
+		 */
+		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
+		refspec.dst = NULL;
+		refspec.pattern = 0;
+		refspec.force = 0;
+		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
+		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->merge = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
+			struct ref **head,
+			struct ref ***tail);
+
+static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
+			       struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, int tags,
+			       int *autotags)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct ref *rm;
+	struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
+
+	const struct ref *remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
+
+	if (ref_count || tags == TAGS_SET) {
+		for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
+			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refs[i], &tail, 0);
+			if (refs[i].dst && refs[i].dst[0])
+				*autotags = 1;
+		}
+		/* Merge everything on the command line, but not --tags */
+		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->merge = 1;
+		if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+	} else {
+		/* Use the defaults */
+		struct remote *remote = transport->remote;
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+		int has_merge = branch_has_merge_config(branch);
+		if (remote && (remote->fetch_refspec_nr || has_merge)) {
+			for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++) {
+				get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &remote->fetch[i], &tail, 0);
+				if (remote->fetch[i].dst &&
+				    remote->fetch[i].dst[0])
+					*autotags = 1;
+				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
+				    !remote->fetch[0].pattern)
+					ref_map->merge = 1;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
+			 * as given in branch.<name>.remote, we add the
+			 * ref given in branch.<name>.merge, too.
+			 */
+			if (has_merge &&
+			    !strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name))
+				add_merge_config(&ref_map, remote_refs, branch, &tail);
+		} else {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
+			if (!ref_map)
+				die("Couldn't find remote ref HEAD");
+			ref_map->merge = 1;
+			tail = &ref_map->next;
+		}
+	}
+	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
+		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
+	ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
+
+	return ref_map;
+}
+
+#define STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER 1
+#define STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT 2
+
+static int s_update_ref(const char *action,
+			struct ref *ref,
+			int check_old)
+{
+	char msg[1024];
+	char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	static struct ref_lock *lock;
+
+	if (dry_run)
+		return 0;
+	if (!rla)
+		rla = default_rla.buf;
+	snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref->name,
+				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL, 0);
+	if (!lock)
+		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
+					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, ref->new_sha1, msg) < 0)
+		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
+					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
+#define REFCOL_WIDTH  10
+
+static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
+			    const char *remote,
+			    char *display)
+{
+	struct commit *current = NULL, *updated;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct branch *current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
+	const char *pretty_ref = prettify_refname(ref->name);
+
+	*display = 0;
+	type = sha1_object_info(ref->new_sha1, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("object %s not found", sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1));
+
+	if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1)) {
+		if (verbosity > 0)
+			sprintf(display, "= %-*s %-*s -> %s", SUMMARY_WIDTH,
+				"[up to date]", REFCOL_WIDTH, remote,
+				pretty_ref);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (current_branch &&
+	    !strcmp(ref->name, current_branch->name) &&
+	    !(update_head_ok || is_bare_repository()) &&
+	    !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+		/*
+		 * If this is the head, and it's not okay to update
+		 * the head, and the old value of the head isn't empty...
+		 */
+		sprintf(display, "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)",
+			SUMMARY_WIDTH, "[rejected]", REFCOL_WIDTH, remote,
+			pretty_ref);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
+	    !prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+		int r;
+		r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, 0);
+		sprintf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s", r ? '!' : '-',
+			SUMMARY_WIDTH, "[tag update]", REFCOL_WIDTH, remote,
+			pretty_ref, r ? "  (unable to update local ref)" : "");
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	current = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1);
+	updated = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1);
+	if (!current || !updated) {
+		const char *msg;
+		const char *what;
+		int r;
+		if (!strncmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/", 10)) {
+			msg = "storing tag";
+			what = "[new tag]";
+		}
+		else {
+			msg = "storing head";
+			what = "[new branch]";
+		}
+
+		r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, 0);
+		sprintf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s", r ? '!' : '*',
+			SUMMARY_WIDTH, what, REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
+			r ? "  (unable to update local ref)" : "");
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+		char quickref[83];
+		int r;
+		strcpy(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		strcat(quickref, "..");
+		strcat(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(ref->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		r = s_update_ref("fast-forward", ref, 1);
+		sprintf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s", r ? '!' : ' ',
+			SUMMARY_WIDTH, quickref, REFCOL_WIDTH, remote,
+			pretty_ref, r ? "  (unable to update local ref)" : "");
+		return r;
+	} else if (force || ref->force) {
+		char quickref[84];
+		int r;
+		strcpy(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		strcat(quickref, "...");
+		strcat(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(ref->new_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		r = s_update_ref("forced-update", ref, 1);
+		sprintf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s  (%s)", r ? '!' : '+',
+			SUMMARY_WIDTH, quickref, REFCOL_WIDTH, remote,
+			pretty_ref,
+			r ? "unable to update local ref" : "forced update");
+		return r;
+	} else {
+		sprintf(display, "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (non-fast-forward)",
+			SUMMARY_WIDTH, "[rejected]", REFCOL_WIDTH, remote,
+			pretty_ref);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
+		struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int url_len, i, note_len, shown_url = 0, rc = 0;
+	char note[1024];
+	const char *what, *kind;
+	struct ref *rm;
+	char *url, *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+
+	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
+	if (!fp)
+		return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+
+	if (raw_url)
+		url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
+	else
+		url = xstrdup("foreign");
+	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		struct ref *ref = NULL;
+
+		if (rm->peer_ref) {
+			ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + strlen(rm->peer_ref->name) + 1);
+			strcpy(ref->name, rm->peer_ref->name);
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, rm->peer_ref->old_sha1);
+			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, rm->old_sha1);
+			ref->force = rm->peer_ref->force;
+		}
+
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_sha1, 1);
+		if (!commit)
+			rm->merge = 0;
+
+		if (!strcmp(rm->name, "HEAD")) {
+			kind = "";
+			what = "";
+		}
+		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/heads/")) {
+			kind = "branch";
+			what = rm->name + 11;
+		}
+		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+			kind = "tag";
+			what = rm->name + 10;
+		}
+		else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/remotes/")) {
+			kind = "remote branch";
+			what = rm->name + 13;
+		}
+		else {
+			kind = "";
+			what = rm->name;
+		}
+
+		url_len = strlen(url);
+		for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+			;
+		url_len = i + 1;
+		if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
+			url_len = i - 3;
+
+		note_len = 0;
+		if (*what) {
+			if (*kind)
+				note_len += sprintf(note + note_len, "%s ",
+						    kind);
+			note_len += sprintf(note + note_len, "'%s' of ", what);
+		}
+		note[note_len] = '\0';
+		fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+			sha1_to_hex(commit ? commit->object.sha1 :
+				    rm->old_sha1),
+			rm->merge ? "" : "not-for-merge",
+			note);
+		for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+			if ('\n' == url[i])
+				fputs("\\n", fp);
+			else
+				fputc(url[i], fp);
+		fputc('\n', fp);
+
+		if (ref)
+			rc |= update_local_ref(ref, what, note);
+		else
+			sprintf(note, "* %-*s %-*s -> FETCH_HEAD",
+				SUMMARY_WIDTH, *kind ? kind : "branch",
+				 REFCOL_WIDTH, *what ? what : "HEAD");
+		if (*note) {
+			if (verbosity >= 0 && !shown_url) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "From %.*s\n",
+						url_len, url);
+				shown_url = 1;
+			}
+			if (verbosity >= 0)
+				fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", note);
+		}
+	}
+	free(url);
+	fclose(fp);
+	if (rc & STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT)
+		error("some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+		      " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting "
+		      "branches", remote_name);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We would want to bypass the object transfer altogether if
+ * everything we are going to fetch already exists and is connected
+ * locally.
+ *
+ * The refs we are going to fetch are in ref_map.  If running
+ *
+ *  $ git rev-list --objects --stdin --not --all
+ *
+ * (feeding all the refs in ref_map on its standard input)
+ * does not error out, that means everything reachable from the
+ * refs we are going to fetch exists and is connected to some of
+ * our existing refs.
+ */
+static int quickfetch(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	struct child_process revlist;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int err;
+	const char *argv[] = {"rev-list",
+		"--quiet", "--objects", "--stdin", "--not", "--all", NULL};
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are deepening a shallow clone we already have these
+	 * objects reachable.  Running rev-list here will return with
+	 * a good (0) exit status and we'll bypass the fetch that we
+	 * really need to perform.  Claiming failure now will ensure
+	 * we perform the network exchange to deepen our history.
+	 */
+	if (depth)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!ref_map)
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&revlist, 0, sizeof(revlist));
+	revlist.argv = argv;
+	revlist.git_cmd = 1;
+	revlist.no_stdout = 1;
+	revlist.no_stderr = 1;
+	revlist.in = -1;
+
+	err = start_command(&revlist);
+	if (err) {
+		error("could not run rev-list");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If rev-list --stdin encounters an unknown commit, it terminates,
+	 * which will cause SIGPIPE in the write loop below.
+	 */
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+	for (ref = ref_map; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (write_in_full(revlist.in, sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), 40) < 0 ||
+		    write_str_in_full(revlist.in, "\n") < 0) {
+			if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
+				error("failed write to rev-list: %s", strerror(errno));
+			err = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (close(revlist.in)) {
+		error("failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s", strerror(errno));
+		err = -1;
+	}
+
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+
+	return finish_command(&revlist) || err;
+}
+
+static int fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	int ret = quickfetch(ref_map);
+	if (ret)
+		ret = transport_fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret |= store_updated_refs(transport->url,
+				transport->remote->name,
+				ref_map);
+	transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int prune_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	int result = 0;
+	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = get_stale_heads(transport->remote, ref_map);
+	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
+		? "   (%s will become dangling)\n"
+		: "   (%s has become dangling)\n";
+
+	for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!dry_run)
+			result |= delete_ref(ref->name, NULL, 0);
+		if (verbosity >= 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, " x %-*s %-*s -> %s\n",
+				SUMMARY_WIDTH, "[deleted]",
+				REFCOL_WIDTH, "(none)", prettify_refname(ref->name));
+			warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
+		}
+	}
+	free_refs(stale_refs);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(refname, list);
+	item->util = (void *)sha1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct ref *rm = *head;
+	while (rm) {
+		if (!hashcmp(rm->old_sha1, sha1))
+			return 1;
+		rm = rm->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct tag_data {
+	struct ref **head;
+	struct ref ***tail;
+};
+
+static int add_to_tail(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct tag_data *data = (struct tag_data *)cb_data;
+	struct ref *rm = NULL;
+
+	/* We have already decided to ignore this item */
+	if (!item->util)
+		return 0;
+
+	rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
+	rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
+	hashcpy(rm->old_sha1, item->util);
+
+	**data->tail = rm;
+	*data->tail = &rm->next;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
+			struct ref **head,
+			struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	struct string_list existing_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list remote_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct tag_data data = {head, tail};
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+
+	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+	for (ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags"))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
+		 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
+		 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
+		 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(ref->name + strlen(ref->name) - 3, "^{}")) {
+			if (item && !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) &&
+			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_sha1) &&
+			    !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+			    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+				item->util = NULL;
+			item = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
+		 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
+		 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
+		 * fetch.
+		 */
+		if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+		    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+			item->util = NULL;
+
+		item = NULL;
+
+		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
+		    string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref->name))
+			continue;
+
+		item = string_list_insert(ref->name, &remote_refs);
+		item->util = (void *)ref->old_sha1;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
+	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
+	 */
+	if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+	    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+		item->util = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list, call
+	 * add_to_tail to add them to the list of refs to be fetched
+	 */
+	for_each_string_list(add_to_tail, &remote_refs, &data);
+
+	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
+}
+
+static void check_not_current_branch(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	struct branch *current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
+	if (is_bare_repository() || !current_branch)
+		return;
+
+	for (; ref_map; ref_map = ref_map->next)
+		if (ref_map->peer_ref && !strcmp(current_branch->refname,
+					ref_map->peer_ref->name))
+			die("Refusing to fetch into current branch %s "
+			    "of non-bare repository", current_branch->refname);
+}
+
+static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
+		    struct refspec *refs, int ref_count)
+{
+	struct string_list existing_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list_item *peer_item = NULL;
+	struct ref *ref_map;
+	struct ref *rm;
+	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
+
+	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+
+	if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 2 && tags != TAGS_UNSET)
+		tags = TAGS_SET;
+	if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == -1)
+		tags = TAGS_UNSET;
+
+	if (!transport->get_refs_list || !transport->fetch)
+		die("Don't know how to fetch from %s", transport->url);
+
+	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
+	if (!append && !dry_run) {
+		char *filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+		FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "w");
+		if (!fp)
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+		fclose(fp);
+	}
+
+	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport, refs, ref_count, tags, &autotags);
+	if (!update_head_ok)
+		check_not_current_branch(ref_map);
+
+	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		if (rm->peer_ref) {
+			peer_item = string_list_lookup(rm->peer_ref->name,
+						       &existing_refs);
+			if (peer_item)
+				hashcpy(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1,
+					peer_item->util);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
+	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
+		free_refs(ref_map);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (prune)
+		prune_refs(transport, ref_map);
+	free_refs(ref_map);
+
+	/* if neither --no-tags nor --tags was specified, do automated tag
+	 * following ... */
+	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags) {
+		struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
+		ref_map = NULL;
+		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
+		if (ref_map) {
+			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
+			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
+			fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+		}
+		free_refs(ref_map);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
+	if (r < 0)
+		die("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s",
+			name, value, transport->url);
+	if (r > 0)
+		warning("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n",
+			name, transport->url);
+}
+
+static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = priv;
+	if (!remote->skip_default_update)
+		string_list_append(remote->name, list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct remote_group_data {
+	const char *name;
+	struct string_list *list;
+};
+
+static int get_remote_group(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
+{
+	struct remote_group_data *g = priv;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(key, "remotes.") &&
+			!strcmp(key + 8, g->name)) {
+		/* split list by white space */
+		int space = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+		while (*value) {
+			if (space > 1) {
+				string_list_append(xstrndup(value, space),
+						   g->list);
+			}
+			value += space + (value[space] != '\0');
+			space = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_remote_or_group(const char *name, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int prev_nr = list->nr;
+	struct remote_group_data g = { name, list };
+
+	git_config(get_remote_group, &g);
+	if (list->nr == prev_nr) {
+		struct remote *remote;
+		if (!remote_is_configured(name))
+			return 0;
+		remote = remote_get(name);
+		string_list_append(remote->name, list);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i, result = 0;
+	const char *argv[] = { "fetch", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
+	int argc = 1;
+
+	if (dry_run)
+		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+	if (prune)
+		argv[argc++] = "--prune";
+	if (verbosity >= 2)
+		argv[argc++] = "-v";
+	if (verbosity >= 1)
+		argv[argc++] = "-v";
+	else if (verbosity < 0)
+		argv[argc++] = "-q";
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		const char *name = list->items[i].string;
+		argv[argc] = name;
+		if (verbosity >= 0)
+			printf("Fetching %s\n", name);
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+			error("Could not fetch %s", name);
+			result = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+	static const char **refs = NULL;
+	int ref_nr = 0;
+	int exit_code;
+
+	if (!remote)
+		die("Where do you want to fetch from today?");
+
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	if (verbosity >= 2)
+		transport->verbose = verbosity <= 3 ? verbosity : 3;
+	if (verbosity < 0)
+		transport->verbose = -1;
+	if (upload_pack)
+		set_option(TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
+	if (keep)
+		set_option(TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	if (depth)
+		set_option(TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+
+	if (argc > 0) {
+		int j = 0;
+		refs = xcalloc(argc + 1, sizeof(const char *));
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+			if (!strcmp(argv[i], "tag")) {
+				char *ref;
+				i++;
+				if (i >= argc)
+					die("You need to specify a tag name.");
+				ref = xmalloc(strlen(argv[i]) * 2 + 22);
+				strcpy(ref, "refs/tags/");
+				strcat(ref, argv[i]);
+				strcat(ref, ":refs/tags/");
+				strcat(ref, argv[i]);
+				refs[j++] = ref;
+			} else
+				refs[j++] = argv[i];
+		}
+		refs[j] = NULL;
+		ref_nr = j;
+	}
+
+	sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
+	atexit(unlock_pack);
+	exit_code = do_fetch(transport,
+			parse_fetch_refspec(ref_nr, refs), ref_nr);
+	transport_disconnect(transport);
+	transport = NULL;
+	return exit_code;
+}
+
+int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct remote *remote;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	/* Record the command line for the reflog */
+	strbuf_addstr(&default_rla, "fetch");
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", argv[i]);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
+			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
+
+	if (all) {
+		if (argc == 1)
+			die("fetch --all does not take a repository argument");
+		else if (argc > 1)
+			die("fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs");
+		(void) for_each_remote(get_one_remote_for_fetch, &list);
+		result = fetch_multiple(&list);
+	} else if (argc == 0) {
+		/* No arguments -- use default remote */
+		remote = remote_get(NULL);
+		result = fetch_one(remote, argc, argv);
+	} else if (multiple) {
+		/* All arguments are assumed to be remotes or groups */
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+			if (!add_remote_or_group(argv[i], &list))
+				die("No such remote or remote group: %s", argv[i]);
+		result = fetch_multiple(&list);
+	} else {
+		/* Single remote or group */
+		(void) add_remote_or_group(argv[0], &list);
+		if (list.nr > 1) {
+			/* More than one remote */
+			if (argc > 1)
+				die("Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense");
+			result = fetch_multiple(&list);
+		} else {
+			/* Zero or one remotes */
+			remote = remote_get(argv[0]);
+			result = fetch_one(remote, argc-1, argv+1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* All names were strdup()ed or strndup()ed */
+	list.strdup_strings = 1;
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d52400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+
+static const char * const fmt_merge_msg_usage[] = {
+	"git fmt-merge-msg [--log|--no-log] [--file <file>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int merge_summary;
+
+static int fmt_merge_msg_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	static int found_merge_log = 0;
+	if (!strcmp("merge.log", key)) {
+		found_merge_log = 1;
+		merge_summary = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	}
+	if (!found_merge_log && !strcmp("merge.summary", key))
+		merge_summary = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct list {
+	char **list;
+	void **payload;
+	unsigned nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void append_to_list(struct list *list, char *value, void *payload)
+{
+	if (list->nr == list->alloc) {
+		list->alloc += 32;
+		list->list = xrealloc(list->list, sizeof(char *) * list->alloc);
+		list->payload = xrealloc(list->payload,
+				sizeof(char *) * list->alloc);
+	}
+	list->payload[list->nr] = payload;
+	list->list[list->nr++] = value;
+}
+
+static int find_in_list(struct list *list, char *value)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(list->list[i], value))
+			return i;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void free_list(struct list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (list->alloc == 0)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		free(list->list[i]);
+		free(list->payload[i]);
+	}
+	free(list->list);
+	free(list->payload);
+	list->nr = list->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+struct src_data {
+	struct list branch, tag, r_branch, generic;
+	int head_status;
+};
+
+static struct list srcs = { NULL, NULL, 0, 0};
+static struct list origins = { NULL, NULL, 0, 0};
+
+static int handle_line(char *line)
+{
+	int i, len = strlen(line);
+	unsigned char *sha1;
+	char *src, *origin;
+	struct src_data *src_data;
+	int pulling_head = 0;
+
+	if (len < 43 || line[40] != '\t')
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(line + 41, "not-for-merge"))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (line[41] != '\t')
+		return 2;
+
+	line[40] = 0;
+	sha1 = xmalloc(20);
+	i = get_sha1(line, sha1);
+	line[40] = '\t';
+	if (i)
+		return 3;
+
+	if (line[len - 1] == '\n')
+		line[len - 1] = 0;
+	line += 42;
+
+	src = strstr(line, " of ");
+	if (src) {
+		*src = 0;
+		src += 4;
+		pulling_head = 0;
+	} else {
+		src = line;
+		pulling_head = 1;
+	}
+
+	i = find_in_list(&srcs, src);
+	if (i < 0) {
+		i = srcs.nr;
+		append_to_list(&srcs, xstrdup(src),
+				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct src_data)));
+	}
+	src_data = srcs.payload[i];
+
+	if (pulling_head) {
+		origin = xstrdup(src);
+		src_data->head_status |= 1;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "branch ")) {
+		origin = xstrdup(line + 7);
+		append_to_list(&src_data->branch, origin, NULL);
+		src_data->head_status |= 2;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "tag ")) {
+		origin = line;
+		append_to_list(&src_data->tag, xstrdup(origin + 4), NULL);
+		src_data->head_status |= 2;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "remote branch ")) {
+		origin = xstrdup(line + 14);
+		append_to_list(&src_data->r_branch, origin, NULL);
+		src_data->head_status |= 2;
+	} else {
+		origin = xstrdup(src);
+		append_to_list(&src_data->generic, xstrdup(line), NULL);
+		src_data->head_status |= 2;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(".", src) || !strcmp(src, origin)) {
+		int len = strlen(origin);
+		if (origin[0] == '\'' && origin[len - 1] == '\'') {
+			origin = xmemdupz(origin + 1, len - 2);
+		} else {
+			origin = xstrdup(origin);
+		}
+	} else {
+		char *new_origin = xmalloc(strlen(origin) + strlen(src) + 5);
+		sprintf(new_origin, "%s of %s", origin, src);
+		origin = new_origin;
+	}
+	append_to_list(&origins, origin, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_joined(const char *singular, const char *plural,
+		struct list *list, struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	if (list->nr == 0)
+		return;
+	if (list->nr == 1) {
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s%s", singular, list->list[0]);
+	} else {
+		int i;
+		strbuf_addstr(out, plural);
+		for (i = 0; i < list->nr - 1; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(out, "%s%s", i > 0 ? ", " : "", list->list[i]);
+		strbuf_addf(out, " and %s", list->list[list->nr - 1]);
+	}
+}
+
+static void shortlog(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
+		struct commit *head, struct rev_info *rev, int limit,
+		struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	int i, count = 0;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct object *branch;
+	struct list subjects = { NULL, NULL, 0, 0 };
+	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
+
+	branch = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	if (!branch || branch->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return;
+
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, rev, NULL);
+	rev->ignore_merges = 1;
+	add_pending_object(rev, branch, name);
+	add_pending_object(rev, &head->object, "^HEAD");
+	head->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
+		char *oneline, *bol, *eol;
+
+		/* ignore merges */
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+			continue;
+
+		count++;
+		if (subjects.nr > limit)
+			continue;
+
+		bol = strstr(commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+		if (bol) {
+			unsigned char c;
+			do {
+				c = *++bol;
+			} while (isspace(c));
+			if (!c)
+				bol = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (!bol) {
+			append_to_list(&subjects, xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(
+							commit->object.sha1)),
+					NULL);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		eol = strchr(bol, '\n');
+		if (eol) {
+			oneline = xmemdupz(bol, eol - bol);
+		} else {
+			oneline = xstrdup(bol);
+		}
+		append_to_list(&subjects, oneline, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (count > limit)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s: (%d commits)\n", name, count);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s:\n", name);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < subjects.nr; i++)
+		if (i >= limit)
+			strbuf_addf(out, "  ...\n");
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(out, "  %s\n", subjects.list[i]);
+
+	clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)branch, flags);
+	clear_commit_marks(head, flags);
+	free_commit_list(rev->commits);
+	rev->commits = NULL;
+	rev->pending.nr = 0;
+
+	free_list(&subjects);
+}
+
+int fmt_merge_msg(int merge_summary, struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out) {
+	int limit = 20, i = 0, pos = 0;
+	char *sep = "";
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	const char *current_branch;
+
+	/* get current branch */
+	current_branch = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+	if (!current_branch)
+		die("No current branch");
+	if (!prefixcmp(current_branch, "refs/heads/"))
+		current_branch += 11;
+
+	/* get a line */
+	while (pos < in->len) {
+		int len;
+		char *newline, *p = in->buf + pos;
+
+		newline = strchr(p, '\n');
+		len = newline ? newline - p : strlen(p);
+		pos += len + !!newline;
+		i++;
+		p[len] = 0;
+		if (handle_line(p))
+			die ("Error in line %d: %.*s", i, len, p);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(out, "Merge ");
+	for (i = 0; i < srcs.nr; i++) {
+		struct src_data *src_data = srcs.payload[i];
+		const char *subsep = "";
+
+		strbuf_addstr(out, sep);
+		sep = "; ";
+
+		if (src_data->head_status == 1) {
+			strbuf_addstr(out, srcs.list[i]);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (src_data->head_status == 3) {
+			subsep = ", ";
+			strbuf_addstr(out, "HEAD");
+		}
+		if (src_data->branch.nr) {
+			strbuf_addstr(out, subsep);
+			subsep = ", ";
+			print_joined("branch ", "branches ", &src_data->branch,
+					out);
+		}
+		if (src_data->r_branch.nr) {
+			strbuf_addstr(out, subsep);
+			subsep = ", ";
+			print_joined("remote branch ", "remote branches ",
+					&src_data->r_branch, out);
+		}
+		if (src_data->tag.nr) {
+			strbuf_addstr(out, subsep);
+			subsep = ", ";
+			print_joined("tag ", "tags ", &src_data->tag, out);
+		}
+		if (src_data->generic.nr) {
+			strbuf_addstr(out, subsep);
+			print_joined("commit ", "commits ", &src_data->generic,
+					out);
+		}
+		if (strcmp(".", srcs.list[i]))
+			strbuf_addf(out, " of %s", srcs.list[i]);
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("master", current_branch))
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(out, " into %s\n", current_branch);
+
+	if (merge_summary) {
+		struct commit *head;
+		struct rev_info rev;
+
+		head = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
+		init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+		rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_ONELINE;
+		rev.ignore_merges = 1;
+		rev.limited = 1;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
+			shortlog(origins.list[i], origins.payload[i],
+					head, &rev, limit, out);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *inpath = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "log",     &merge_summary, "populate log with the shortlog"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &merge_summary, "alias for --log"),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, "file to read from"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	FILE *in = stdin;
+	struct strbuf input = STRBUF_INIT, output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	git_config(fmt_merge_msg_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, fmt_merge_msg_usage,
+			     0);
+	if (argc > 0)
+		usage_with_options(fmt_merge_msg_usage, options);
+
+	if (inpath && strcmp(inpath, "-")) {
+		in = fopen(inpath, "r");
+		if (!in)
+			die_errno("cannot open '%s'", inpath);
+	}
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&input, fileno(in), 0) < 0)
+		die_errno("could not read input file");
+	ret = fmt_merge_msg(merge_summary, &input, &output);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	write_in_full(STDOUT_FILENO, output.buf, output.len);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-for-each-ref.c b/builtin-for-each-ref.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5a83f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-for-each-ref.c
@@ -0,0 +1,955 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+/* Quoting styles */
+#define QUOTE_NONE 0
+#define QUOTE_SHELL 1
+#define QUOTE_PERL 2
+#define QUOTE_PYTHON 4
+#define QUOTE_TCL 8
+
+typedef enum { FIELD_STR, FIELD_ULONG, FIELD_TIME } cmp_type;
+
+struct atom_value {
+	const char *s;
+	unsigned long ul; /* used for sorting when not FIELD_STR */
+};
+
+struct ref_sort {
+	struct ref_sort *next;
+	int atom; /* index into used_atom array */
+	unsigned reverse : 1;
+};
+
+struct refinfo {
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char objectname[20];
+	struct atom_value *value;
+};
+
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	cmp_type cmp_type;
+} valid_atom[] = {
+	{ "refname" },
+	{ "objecttype" },
+	{ "objectsize", FIELD_ULONG },
+	{ "objectname" },
+	{ "tree" },
+	{ "parent" },
+	{ "numparent", FIELD_ULONG },
+	{ "object" },
+	{ "type" },
+	{ "tag" },
+	{ "author" },
+	{ "authorname" },
+	{ "authoremail" },
+	{ "authordate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "committer" },
+	{ "committername" },
+	{ "committeremail" },
+	{ "committerdate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "tagger" },
+	{ "taggername" },
+	{ "taggeremail" },
+	{ "taggerdate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "creator" },
+	{ "creatordate", FIELD_TIME },
+	{ "subject" },
+	{ "body" },
+	{ "contents" },
+	{ "upstream" },
+};
+
+/*
+ * An atom is a valid field atom listed above, possibly prefixed with
+ * a "*" to denote deref_tag().
+ *
+ * We parse given format string and sort specifiers, and make a list
+ * of properties that we need to extract out of objects.  refinfo
+ * structure will hold an array of values extracted that can be
+ * indexed with the "atom number", which is an index into this
+ * array.
+ */
+static const char **used_atom;
+static cmp_type *used_atom_type;
+static int used_atom_cnt, sort_atom_limit, need_tagged;
+
+/*
+ * Used to parse format string and sort specifiers
+ */
+static int parse_atom(const char *atom, const char *ep)
+{
+	const char *sp;
+	int i, at;
+
+	sp = atom;
+	if (*sp == '*' && sp < ep)
+		sp++; /* deref */
+	if (ep <= sp)
+		die("malformed field name: %.*s", (int)(ep-atom), atom);
+
+	/* Do we have the atom already used elsewhere? */
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		int len = strlen(used_atom[i]);
+		if (len == ep - atom && !memcmp(used_atom[i], atom, len))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	/* Is the atom a valid one? */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom); i++) {
+		int len = strlen(valid_atom[i].name);
+		/*
+		 * If the atom name has a colon, strip it and everything after
+		 * it off - it specifies the format for this entry, and
+		 * shouldn't be used for checking against the valid_atom
+		 * table.
+		 */
+		const char *formatp = strchr(sp, ':');
+		if (!formatp || ep < formatp)
+			formatp = ep;
+		if (len == formatp - sp && !memcmp(valid_atom[i].name, sp, len))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (ARRAY_SIZE(valid_atom) <= i)
+		die("unknown field name: %.*s", (int)(ep-atom), atom);
+
+	/* Add it in, including the deref prefix */
+	at = used_atom_cnt;
+	used_atom_cnt++;
+	used_atom = xrealloc(used_atom,
+			     (sizeof *used_atom) * used_atom_cnt);
+	used_atom_type = xrealloc(used_atom_type,
+				  (sizeof(*used_atom_type) * used_atom_cnt));
+	used_atom[at] = xmemdupz(atom, ep - atom);
+	used_atom_type[at] = valid_atom[i].cmp_type;
+	return at;
+}
+
+/*
+ * In a format string, find the next occurrence of %(atom).
+ */
+static const char *find_next(const char *cp)
+{
+	while (*cp) {
+		if (*cp == '%') {
+			/* %( is the start of an atom;
+			 * %% is a quoted per-cent.
+			 */
+			if (cp[1] == '(')
+				return cp;
+			else if (cp[1] == '%')
+				cp++; /* skip over two % */
+			/* otherwise this is a singleton, literal % */
+		}
+		cp++;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure the format string is well formed, and parse out
+ * the used atoms.
+ */
+static int verify_format(const char *format)
+{
+	const char *cp, *sp;
+	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); ) {
+		const char *ep = strchr(sp, ')');
+		if (!ep)
+			return error("malformed format string %s", sp);
+		/* sp points at "%(" and ep points at the closing ")" */
+		parse_atom(sp + 2, ep);
+		cp = ep + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given an object name, read the object data and size, and return a
+ * "struct object".  If the object data we are returning is also borrowed
+ * by the "struct object" representation, set *eaten as well---it is a
+ * signal from parse_object_buffer to us not to free the buffer.
+ */
+static void *get_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object **obj, unsigned long *sz, int *eaten)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, sz);
+
+	if (buf)
+		*obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, *sz, buf, eaten);
+	else
+		*obj = NULL;
+	return buf;
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "objecttype"))
+			v->s = typename(obj->type);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectsize")) {
+			char *s = xmalloc(40);
+			sprintf(s, "%lu", sz);
+			v->ul = sz;
+			v->s = s;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname")) {
+			char *s = xmalloc(41);
+			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+			v->s = s;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_tag_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) obj;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "tag"))
+			v->s = tag->tag;
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "type") && tag->tagged)
+			v->s = typename(tag->tagged->type);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "object") && tag->tagged) {
+			char *s = xmalloc(41);
+			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
+			v->s = s;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int num_parents(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0, parents = commit->parents;
+	     parents;
+	     parents = parents->next)
+		i++;
+	return i;
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_commit_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (!strcmp(name, "tree")) {
+			char *s = xmalloc(41);
+			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(commit->tree->object.sha1));
+			v->s = s;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(name, "numparent")) {
+			char *s = xmalloc(40);
+			v->ul = num_parents(commit);
+			sprintf(s, "%lu", v->ul);
+			v->s = s;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "parent")) {
+			int num = num_parents(commit);
+			int i;
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+			char *s = xmalloc(41 * num + 1);
+			v->s = s;
+			for (i = 0, parents = commit->parents;
+			     parents;
+			     parents = parents->next, i = i + 41) {
+				struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+				strcpy(s+i, sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
+				if (parents->next)
+					s[i+40] = ' ';
+			}
+			if (!i)
+				*s = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *find_wholine(const char *who, int wholen, const char *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	const char *eol;
+	while (*buf) {
+		if (!strncmp(buf, who, wholen) &&
+		    buf[wholen] == ' ')
+			return buf + wholen + 1;
+		eol = strchr(buf, '\n');
+		if (!eol)
+			return "";
+		eol++;
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			return ""; /* end of header */
+		buf = eol;
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+static const char *copy_line(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *eol = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+	return xmemdupz(buf, eol - buf);
+}
+
+static const char *copy_name(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	for (cp = buf; *cp && *cp != '\n'; cp++) {
+		if (!strncmp(cp, " <", 2))
+			return xmemdupz(buf, cp - buf);
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+static const char *copy_email(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *email = strchr(buf, '<');
+	const char *eoemail;
+	if (!email)
+		return "";
+	eoemail = strchr(email, '>');
+	if (!eoemail)
+		return "";
+	return xmemdupz(email, eoemail + 1 - email);
+}
+
+static void grab_date(const char *buf, struct atom_value *v, const char *atomname)
+{
+	const char *eoemail = strstr(buf, "> ");
+	char *zone;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	long tz;
+	enum date_mode date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+	const char *formatp;
+
+	/*
+	 * We got here because atomname ends in "date" or "date<something>";
+	 * it's not possible that <something> is not ":<format>" because
+	 * parse_atom() wouldn't have allowed it, so we can assume that no
+	 * ":" means no format is specified, and use the default.
+	 */
+	formatp = strchr(atomname, ':');
+	if (formatp != NULL) {
+		formatp++;
+		date_mode = parse_date_format(formatp);
+	}
+
+	if (!eoemail)
+		goto bad;
+	timestamp = strtoul(eoemail + 2, &zone, 10);
+	if (timestamp == ULONG_MAX)
+		goto bad;
+	tz = strtol(zone, NULL, 10);
+	if ((tz == LONG_MIN || tz == LONG_MAX) && errno == ERANGE)
+		goto bad;
+	v->s = xstrdup(show_date(timestamp, tz, date_mode));
+	v->ul = timestamp;
+	return;
+ bad:
+	v->s = "";
+	v->ul = 0;
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	int wholen = strlen(who);
+	const char *wholine = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (strncmp(who, name, wholen))
+			continue;
+		if (name[wholen] != 0 &&
+		    strcmp(name + wholen, "name") &&
+		    strcmp(name + wholen, "email") &&
+		    prefixcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
+			continue;
+		if (!wholine)
+			wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
+		if (!wholine)
+			return; /* no point looking for it */
+		if (name[wholen] == 0)
+			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
+		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "name"))
+			v->s = copy_name(wholine);
+		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "email"))
+			v->s = copy_email(wholine);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
+			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
+	}
+
+	/* For a tag or a commit object, if "creator" or "creatordate" is
+	 * requested, do something special.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(who, "tagger") && strcmp(who, "committer"))
+		return; /* "author" for commit object is not wanted */
+	if (!wholine)
+		wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
+	if (!wholine)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(name, "creatordate"))
+			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "creator"))
+			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
+	}
+}
+
+static void find_subpos(const char *buf, unsigned long sz, const char **sub, const char **body)
+{
+	while (*buf) {
+		const char *eol = strchr(buf, '\n');
+		if (!eol)
+			return;
+		if (eol[1] == '\n') {
+			buf = eol + 1;
+			break; /* found end of header */
+		}
+		buf = eol + 1;
+	}
+	while (*buf == '\n')
+		buf++;
+	if (!*buf)
+		return;
+	*sub = buf; /* first non-empty line */
+	buf = strchr(buf, '\n');
+	if (!buf) {
+		*body = "";
+		return; /* no body */
+	}
+	while (*buf == '\n')
+		buf++; /* skip blank between subject and body */
+	*body = buf;
+}
+
+/* See grab_values */
+static void grab_sub_body_contents(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *subpos = NULL, *bodypos = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (!!deref != (*name == '*'))
+			continue;
+		if (deref)
+			name++;
+		if (strcmp(name, "subject") &&
+		    strcmp(name, "body") &&
+		    strcmp(name, "contents"))
+			continue;
+		if (!subpos)
+			find_subpos(buf, sz, &subpos, &bodypos);
+		if (!subpos)
+			return;
+
+		if (!strcmp(name, "subject"))
+			v->s = copy_line(subpos);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "body"))
+			v->s = xstrdup(bodypos);
+		else if (!strcmp(name, "contents"))
+			v->s = xstrdup(subpos);
+	}
+}
+
+/* We want to have empty print-string for field requests
+ * that do not apply (e.g. "authordate" for a tag object)
+ */
+static void fill_missing_values(struct atom_value *val)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		struct atom_value *v = &val[i];
+		if (v->s == NULL)
+			v->s = "";
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * val is a list of atom_value to hold returned values.  Extract
+ * the values for atoms in used_atom array out of (obj, buf, sz).
+ * when deref is false, (obj, buf, sz) is the object that is
+ * pointed at by the ref itself; otherwise it is the object the
+ * ref (which is a tag) refers to.
+ */
+static void grab_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	grab_common_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+	switch (obj->type) {
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		grab_tag_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_sub_body_contents(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_person("tagger", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		grab_commit_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_sub_body_contents(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_person("author", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		grab_person("committer", val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		// grab_tree_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		// grab_blob_values(val, deref, obj, buf, sz);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("Eh?  Object of type %d?", obj->type);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the object referred by ref, and grab needed value.
+ */
+static void populate_value(struct refinfo *ref)
+{
+	void *buf;
+	struct object *obj;
+	int eaten, i;
+	unsigned long size;
+	const unsigned char *tagged;
+
+	ref->value = xcalloc(sizeof(struct atom_value), used_atom_cnt);
+
+	/* Fill in specials first */
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		const char *name = used_atom[i];
+		struct atom_value *v = &ref->value[i];
+		int deref = 0;
+		const char *refname;
+		const char *formatp;
+
+		if (*name == '*') {
+			deref = 1;
+			name++;
+		}
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(name, "refname"))
+			refname = ref->refname;
+		else if (!prefixcmp(name, "upstream")) {
+			struct branch *branch;
+			/* only local branches may have an upstream */
+			if (prefixcmp(ref->refname, "refs/heads/"))
+				continue;
+			branch = branch_get(ref->refname + 11);
+
+			if (!branch || !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] ||
+			    !branch->merge[0]->dst)
+				continue;
+			refname = branch->merge[0]->dst;
+		}
+		else
+			continue;
+
+		formatp = strchr(name, ':');
+		/* look for "short" refname format */
+		if (formatp) {
+			formatp++;
+			if (!strcmp(formatp, "short"))
+				refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname,
+						      warn_ambiguous_refs);
+			else
+				die("unknown %.*s format %s",
+				    (int)(formatp - name), name, formatp);
+		}
+
+		if (!deref)
+			v->s = refname;
+		else {
+			int len = strlen(refname);
+			char *s = xmalloc(len + 4);
+			sprintf(s, "%s^{}", refname);
+			v->s = s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		struct atom_value *v = &ref->value[i];
+		if (v->s == NULL)
+			goto need_obj;
+	}
+	return;
+
+ need_obj:
+	buf = get_obj(ref->objectname, &obj, &size, &eaten);
+	if (!buf)
+		die("missing object %s for %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(ref->objectname), ref->refname);
+	if (!obj)
+		die("parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(ref->objectname), ref->refname);
+
+	grab_values(ref->value, 0, obj, buf, size);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
+
+	/* If there is no atom that wants to know about tagged
+	 * object, we are done.
+	 */
+	if (!need_tagged || (obj->type != OBJ_TAG))
+		return;
+
+	/* If it is a tag object, see if we use a value that derefs
+	 * the object, and if we do grab the object it refers to.
+	 */
+	tagged = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged->sha1;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK: This derefs tag only once, which
+	 * is good to deal with chains of trust, but
+	 * is not consistent with what deref_tag() does
+	 * which peels the onion to the core.
+	 */
+	buf = get_obj(tagged, &obj, &size, &eaten);
+	if (!buf)
+		die("missing object %s for %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(tagged), ref->refname);
+	if (!obj)
+		die("parse_object_buffer failed on %s for %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(tagged), ref->refname);
+	grab_values(ref->value, 1, obj, buf, size);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a ref, return the value for the atom.  This lazily gets value
+ * out of the object by calling populate value.
+ */
+static void get_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, struct atom_value **v)
+{
+	if (!ref->value) {
+		populate_value(ref);
+		fill_missing_values(ref->value);
+	}
+	*v = &ref->value[atom];
+}
+
+struct grab_ref_cbdata {
+	struct refinfo **grab_array;
+	const char **grab_pattern;
+	int grab_cnt;
+};
+
+/*
+ * A call-back given to for_each_ref().  It is unfortunate that we
+ * need to use global variables to pass extra information to this
+ * function.
+ */
+static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_ref_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	struct refinfo *ref;
+	int cnt;
+
+	if (*cb->grab_pattern) {
+		const char **pattern;
+		int namelen = strlen(refname);
+		for (pattern = cb->grab_pattern; *pattern; pattern++) {
+			const char *p = *pattern;
+			int plen = strlen(p);
+
+			if ((plen <= namelen) &&
+			    !strncmp(refname, p, plen) &&
+			    (refname[plen] == '\0' ||
+			     refname[plen] == '/' ||
+			     p[plen-1] == '/'))
+				break;
+			if (!fnmatch(p, refname, FNM_PATHNAME))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (!*pattern)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* We do not open the object yet; sort may only need refname
+	 * to do its job and the resulting list may yet to be pruned
+	 * by maxcount logic.
+	 */
+	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref));
+	ref->refname = xstrdup(refname);
+	hashcpy(ref->objectname, sha1);
+
+	cnt = cb->grab_cnt;
+	cb->grab_array = xrealloc(cb->grab_array,
+				  sizeof(*cb->grab_array) * (cnt + 1));
+	cb->grab_array[cnt++] = ref;
+	cb->grab_cnt = cnt;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmp_ref_sort(struct ref_sort *s, struct refinfo *a, struct refinfo *b)
+{
+	struct atom_value *va, *vb;
+	int cmp;
+	cmp_type cmp_type = used_atom_type[s->atom];
+
+	get_value(a, s->atom, &va);
+	get_value(b, s->atom, &vb);
+	switch (cmp_type) {
+	case FIELD_STR:
+		cmp = strcmp(va->s, vb->s);
+		break;
+	default:
+		if (va->ul < vb->ul)
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (va->ul == vb->ul)
+			cmp = 0;
+		else
+			cmp = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	return (s->reverse) ? -cmp : cmp;
+}
+
+static struct ref_sort *ref_sort;
+static int compare_refs(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct refinfo *a = *((struct refinfo **)a_);
+	struct refinfo *b = *((struct refinfo **)b_);
+	struct ref_sort *s;
+
+	for (s = ref_sort; s; s = s->next) {
+		int cmp = cmp_ref_sort(s, a, b);
+		if (cmp)
+			return cmp;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void sort_refs(struct ref_sort *sort, struct refinfo **refs, int num_refs)
+{
+	ref_sort = sort;
+	qsort(refs, num_refs, sizeof(struct refinfo *), compare_refs);
+}
+
+static void print_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, int quote_style)
+{
+	struct atom_value *v;
+	get_value(ref, atom, &v);
+	switch (quote_style) {
+	case QUOTE_NONE:
+		fputs(v->s, stdout);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_SHELL:
+		sq_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_PERL:
+		perl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_PYTHON:
+		python_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		break;
+	case QUOTE_TCL:
+		tcl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int hex1(char ch)
+{
+	if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
+		return ch - '0';
+	else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f')
+		return ch - 'a' + 10;
+	else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'F')
+		return ch - 'A' + 10;
+	return -1;
+}
+static int hex2(const char *cp)
+{
+	if (cp[0] && cp[1])
+		return (hex1(cp[0]) << 4) | hex1(cp[1]);
+	else
+		return -1;
+}
+
+static void emit(const char *cp, const char *ep)
+{
+	while (*cp && (!ep || cp < ep)) {
+		if (*cp == '%') {
+			if (cp[1] == '%')
+				cp++;
+			else {
+				int ch = hex2(cp + 1);
+				if (0 <= ch) {
+					putchar(ch);
+					cp += 3;
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		putchar(*cp);
+		cp++;
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_ref(struct refinfo *info, const char *format, int quote_style)
+{
+	const char *cp, *sp, *ep;
+
+	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); cp = ep + 1) {
+		ep = strchr(sp, ')');
+		if (cp < sp)
+			emit(cp, sp);
+		print_value(info, parse_atom(sp + 2, ep), quote_style);
+	}
+	if (*cp) {
+		sp = cp + strlen(cp);
+		emit(cp, sp);
+	}
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
+static struct ref_sort *default_sort(void)
+{
+	static const char cstr_name[] = "refname";
+
+	struct ref_sort *sort = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*sort));
+
+	sort->next = NULL;
+	sort->atom = parse_atom(cstr_name, cstr_name + strlen(cstr_name));
+	return sort;
+}
+
+static int opt_parse_sort(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct ref_sort **sort_tail = opt->value;
+	struct ref_sort *s;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!arg) /* should --no-sort void the list ? */
+		return -1;
+
+	*sort_tail = s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+
+	if (*arg == '-') {
+		s->reverse = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(arg);
+	s->atom = parse_atom(arg, arg+len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char const * const for_each_ref_usage[] = {
+	"git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, num_refs;
+	const char *format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype)\t%(refname)";
+	struct ref_sort *sort = NULL, **sort_tail = &sort;
+	int maxcount = 0, quote_style = 0;
+	struct refinfo **refs;
+	struct grab_ref_cbdata cbdata;
+
+	struct option opts[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('s', "shell", &quote_style,
+		        "quote placeholders suitably for shells", QUOTE_SHELL),
+		OPT_BIT('p', "perl",  &quote_style,
+		        "quote placeholders suitably for perl", QUOTE_PERL),
+		OPT_BIT(0 , "python", &quote_style,
+		        "quote placeholders suitably for python", QUOTE_PYTHON),
+		OPT_BIT(0 , "tcl",  &quote_style,
+		        "quote placeholders suitably for tcl", QUOTE_TCL),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, "show only <n> matched refs"),
+		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, "format", "format to use for the output"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sort_tail, "key",
+		            "field name to sort on", &opt_parse_sort),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, for_each_ref_usage, 0);
+	if (maxcount < 0) {
+		error("invalid --count argument: `%d'", maxcount);
+		usage_with_options(for_each_ref_usage, opts);
+	}
+	if (HAS_MULTI_BITS(quote_style)) {
+		error("more than one quoting style?");
+		usage_with_options(for_each_ref_usage, opts);
+	}
+	if (verify_format(format))
+		usage_with_options(for_each_ref_usage, opts);
+
+	if (!sort)
+		sort = default_sort();
+	sort_atom_limit = used_atom_cnt;
+
+	/* for warn_ambiguous_refs */
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.grab_pattern = argv;
+	for_each_rawref(grab_single_ref, &cbdata);
+	refs = cbdata.grab_array;
+	num_refs = cbdata.grab_cnt;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < used_atom_cnt; i++) {
+		if (used_atom[i][0] == '*') {
+			need_tagged = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sort_refs(sort, refs, num_refs);
+
+	if (!maxcount || num_refs < maxcount)
+		maxcount = num_refs;
+	for (i = 0; i < maxcount; i++)
+		show_ref(refs[i], format, quote_style);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-fsck.c b/builtin-fsck.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0929c7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-fsck.c
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "fsck.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+#define REACHABLE 0x0001
+#define SEEN      0x0002
+
+static int show_root;
+static int show_tags;
+static int show_unreachable;
+static int include_reflogs = 1;
+static int check_full = 1;
+static int check_strict;
+static int keep_cache_objects;
+static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+static const char *head_points_at;
+static int errors_found;
+static int write_lost_and_found;
+static int verbose;
+#define ERROR_OBJECT 01
+#define ERROR_REACHABLE 02
+
+#ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
+#define SORT_DIRENT 0
+#define DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de) 0
+#else
+#define SORT_DIRENT 1
+#define DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de) ((de)->d_ino)
+#endif
+
+static void objreport(struct object *obj, const char *severity,
+                      const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s %s: ",
+	        severity, typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	vfprintf(stderr, err, params);
+	fputs("\n", stderr);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+static int objerror(struct object *obj, const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
+	objreport(obj, "error", err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+static int fsck_error_func(struct object *obj, int type, const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	objreport(obj, (type == FSCK_WARN) ? "warning" : "error", err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	return (type == FSCK_WARN) ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static struct object_array pending;
+
+static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+{
+	struct object *parent = data;
+
+	if (!obj) {
+		printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
+			   typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
+		printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
+			   (type == OBJ_ANY ? "unknown" : typename(type)), "unknown");
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (type != OBJ_ANY && obj->type != type)
+		objerror(parent, "wrong object type in link");
+
+	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
+		return 0;
+	obj->flags |= REACHABLE;
+	if (!obj->parsed) {
+		if (parent && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
+			printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
+				 typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
+			printf("              to %7s %s\n",
+				 typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+			errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	add_object_array(obj, (void *) parent, &pending);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_object_reachable(struct object *obj)
+{
+	mark_object(obj, OBJ_ANY, NULL);
+}
+
+static int traverse_one_object(struct object *obj, struct object *parent)
+{
+	int result;
+	struct tree *tree = NULL;
+
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		obj->parsed = 0;
+		tree = (struct tree *)obj;
+		if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
+			return 1; /* error already displayed */
+	}
+	result = fsck_walk(obj, mark_object, obj);
+	if (tree) {
+		free(tree->buffer);
+		tree->buffer = NULL;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int traverse_reachable(void)
+{
+	int result = 0;
+	while (pending.nr) {
+		struct object_array_entry *entry;
+		struct object *obj, *parent;
+
+		entry = pending.objects + --pending.nr;
+		obj = entry->item;
+		parent = (struct object *) entry->name;
+		result |= traverse_one_object(obj, parent);
+	}
+	return !!result;
+}
+
+static int mark_used(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+{
+	if (!obj)
+		return 1;
+	obj->used = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check a single reachable object
+ */
+static void check_reachable_object(struct object *obj)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We obviously want the object to be parsed,
+	 * except if it was in a pack-file and we didn't
+	 * do a full fsck
+	 */
+	if (!obj->parsed) {
+		if (has_sha1_pack(obj->sha1))
+			return; /* it is in pack - forget about it */
+		printf("missing %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check a single unreachable object
+ */
+static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Missing unreachable object? Ignore it. It's not like
+	 * we miss it (since it can't be reached), nor do we want
+	 * to complain about it being unreachable (since it does
+	 * not exist).
+	 */
+	if (!obj->parsed)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Unreachable object that exists? Show it if asked to,
+	 * since this is something that is prunable.
+	 */
+	if (show_unreachable) {
+		printf("unreachable %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * "!used" means that nothing at all points to it, including
+	 * other unreachable objects. In other words, it's the "tip"
+	 * of some set of unreachable objects, usually a commit that
+	 * got dropped.
+	 *
+	 * Such starting points are more interesting than some random
+	 * set of unreachable objects, so we show them even if the user
+	 * hasn't asked for _all_ unreachable objects. If you have
+	 * deleted a branch by mistake, this is a prime candidate to
+	 * start looking at, for example.
+	 */
+	if (!obj->used) {
+		printf("dangling %s %s\n", typename(obj->type),
+		       sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		if (write_lost_and_found) {
+			char *filename = git_path("lost-found/%s/%s",
+				obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT ? "commit" : "other",
+				sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+			FILE *f;
+
+			if (safe_create_leading_directories(filename)) {
+				error("Could not create lost-found");
+				return;
+			}
+			if (!(f = fopen(filename, "w")))
+				die_errno("Could not open '%s'", filename);
+			if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+				enum object_type type;
+				unsigned long size;
+				char *buf = read_sha1_file(obj->sha1,
+						&type, &size);
+				if (buf) {
+					if (fwrite(buf, size, 1, f) != 1)
+						die_errno("Could not write '%s'",
+							  filename);
+					free(buf);
+				}
+			} else
+				fprintf(f, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+			if (fclose(f))
+				die_errno("Could not finish '%s'",
+					  filename);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise? It's there, it's unreachable, and some other unreachable
+	 * object points to it. Ignore it - it's not interesting, and we showed
+	 * all the interesting cases above.
+	 */
+}
+
+static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+{
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+
+	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
+		check_reachable_object(obj);
+	else
+		check_unreachable_object(obj);
+}
+
+static void check_connectivity(void)
+{
+	int i, max;
+
+	/* Traverse the pending reachable objects */
+	traverse_reachable();
+
+	/* Look up all the requirements, warn about missing objects.. */
+	max = get_max_object_index();
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking connectivity (%d objects)\n", max);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = get_indexed_object(i);
+
+		if (obj)
+			check_object(obj);
+	}
+}
+
+static int fsck_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj) {
+		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
+		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return 0;
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s %s\n",
+			typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+
+	if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_used, NULL))
+		objerror(obj, "broken links");
+	if (fsck_object(obj, check_strict, fsck_error_func))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
+
+		free(item->buffer);
+		item->buffer = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
+
+		free(commit->buffer);
+		commit->buffer = NULL;
+
+		if (!commit->parents && show_root)
+			printf("root %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	}
+
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) obj;
+
+		if (show_tags && tag->tagged) {
+			printf("tagged %s %s", typename(tag->tagged->type), sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
+			printf(" (%s) in %s\n", tag->tag, sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is the sorting chunk size: make it reasonably
+ * big so that we can sort well..
+ */
+#define MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES (1024)
+
+struct sha1_entry {
+	unsigned long ino;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
+static struct {
+	unsigned long nr;
+	struct sha1_entry *entry[MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES];
+} sha1_list;
+
+static int ino_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	const struct sha1_entry *a = _a, *b = _b;
+	unsigned long ino1 = a->ino, ino2 = b->ino;
+	return ino1 < ino2 ? -1 : ino1 > ino2 ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void fsck_sha1_list(void)
+{
+	int i, nr = sha1_list.nr;
+
+	if (SORT_DIRENT)
+		qsort(sha1_list.entry, nr,
+		      sizeof(struct sha1_entry *), ino_compare);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct sha1_entry *entry = sha1_list.entry[i];
+		unsigned char *sha1 = entry->sha1;
+
+		sha1_list.entry[i] = NULL;
+		fsck_sha1(sha1);
+		free(entry);
+	}
+	sha1_list.nr = 0;
+}
+
+static void add_sha1_list(unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long ino)
+{
+	struct sha1_entry *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
+	int nr;
+
+	entry->ino = ino;
+	hashcpy(entry->sha1, sha1);
+	nr = sha1_list.nr;
+	if (nr == MAX_SHA1_ENTRIES) {
+		fsck_sha1_list();
+		nr = 0;
+	}
+	sha1_list.entry[nr] = entry;
+	sha1_list.nr = ++nr;
+}
+
+static void fsck_dir(int i, char *path)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	struct dirent *de;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking directory %s\n", path);
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		char name[100];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
+			continue;
+		if (strlen(de->d_name) == 38) {
+			sprintf(name, "%02x", i);
+			memcpy(name+2, de->d_name, 39);
+			if (get_sha1_hex(name, sha1) < 0)
+				break;
+			add_sha1_list(sha1, DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_"))
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s/%s\n", path, de->d_name);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static int default_refs;
+
+static int fsck_handle_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking reflog %s->%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1));
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(osha1)) {
+		obj = lookup_object(osha1);
+		if (obj) {
+			obj->used = 1;
+			mark_object_reachable(obj);
+		}
+	}
+	obj = lookup_object(nsha1);
+	if (obj) {
+		obj->used = 1;
+		mark_object_reachable(obj);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fsck_handle_reflog(const char *logname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	for_each_reflog_ent(logname, fsck_handle_reflog_ent, NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_branch(const char *refname)
+{
+	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
+}
+
+static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj) {
+		error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer %s", refname, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		/* We'll continue with the rest despite the error.. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(refname))
+		error("%s: not a commit", refname);
+	default_refs++;
+	obj->used = 1;
+	mark_object_reachable(obj);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_default_heads(void)
+{
+	if (head_points_at && !is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
+		fsck_handle_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	for_each_ref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);
+	if (include_reflogs)
+		for_each_reflog(fsck_handle_reflog, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Not having any default heads isn't really fatal, but
+	 * it does mean that "--unreachable" no longer makes any
+	 * sense (since in this case everything will obviously
+	 * be unreachable by definition.
+	 *
+	 * Showing dangling objects is valid, though (as those
+	 * dangling objects are likely lost heads).
+	 *
+	 * So we just print a warning about it, and clear the
+	 * "show_unreachable" flag.
+	 */
+	if (!default_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "notice: No default references\n");
+		show_unreachable = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static void fsck_object_dir(const char *path)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking object directory\n");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		static char dir[4096];
+		sprintf(dir, "%s/%02x", path, i);
+		fsck_dir(i, dir);
+	}
+	fsck_sha1_list();
+}
+
+static int fsck_head_link(void)
+{
+	int flag;
+	int null_is_error = 0;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking HEAD link\n");
+
+	head_points_at = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
+	if (!head_points_at)
+		return error("Invalid HEAD");
+	if (!strcmp(head_points_at, "HEAD"))
+		/* detached HEAD */
+		null_is_error = 1;
+	else if (prefixcmp(head_points_at, "refs/heads/"))
+		return error("HEAD points to something strange (%s)",
+			     head_points_at);
+	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1)) {
+		if (null_is_error)
+			return error("HEAD: detached HEAD points at nothing");
+		fprintf(stderr, "notice: HEAD points to an unborn branch (%s)\n",
+			head_points_at + 11);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fsck_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it)
+{
+	int i;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Checking cache tree\n");
+
+	if (0 <= it->entry_count) {
+		struct object *obj = parse_object(it->sha1);
+		if (!obj) {
+			error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer in cache-tree",
+			      sha1_to_hex(it->sha1));
+			return 1;
+		}
+		mark_object_reachable(obj);
+		obj->used = 1;
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_TREE)
+			err |= objerror(obj, "non-tree in cache-tree");
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
+		err |= fsck_cache_tree(it->down[i]->cache_tree);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static char const * const fsck_usage[] = {
+	"git fsck [options] [<object>...]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, "show unreachable objects"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, "report tags"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "report root nodes"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, "make index objects head nodes"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, "make reflogs head nodes (default)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, "also consider packs and alternate objects"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, "enable more strict checking"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
+				"write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"),
+	OPT_END(),
+};
+
+int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, heads;
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	errors_found = 0;
+	read_replace_refs = 0;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, fsck_opts, fsck_usage, 0);
+	if (write_lost_and_found) {
+		check_full = 1;
+		include_reflogs = 0;
+	}
+
+	fsck_head_link();
+	fsck_object_dir(get_object_directory());
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
+		int namelen = alt->name - alt->base;
+		memcpy(namebuf, alt->base, namelen);
+		namebuf[namelen - 1] = 0;
+		fsck_object_dir(namebuf);
+	}
+
+	if (check_full) {
+		struct packed_git *p;
+
+		prepare_packed_git();
+		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+			/* verify gives error messages itself */
+			verify_pack(p);
+
+		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+			uint32_t j, num;
+			if (open_pack_index(p))
+				continue;
+			num = p->num_objects;
+			for (j = 0; j < num; j++)
+				fsck_sha1(nth_packed_object_sha1(p, j));
+		}
+	}
+
+	heads = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
+			struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+
+			/* Error is printed by lookup_object(). */
+			if (!obj)
+				continue;
+
+			obj->used = 1;
+			mark_object_reachable(obj);
+			heads++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		error("invalid parameter: expected sha1, got '%s'", arg);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we've not been given any explicit head information, do the
+	 * default ones from .git/refs. We also consider the index file
+	 * in this case (ie this implies --cache).
+	 */
+	if (!heads) {
+		get_default_heads();
+		keep_cache_objects = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (keep_cache_objects) {
+		read_cache();
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			unsigned int mode;
+			struct blob *blob;
+			struct object *obj;
+
+			mode = active_cache[i]->ce_mode;
+			if (S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+				continue;
+			blob = lookup_blob(active_cache[i]->sha1);
+			if (!blob)
+				continue;
+			obj = &blob->object;
+			obj->used = 1;
+			mark_object_reachable(obj);
+		}
+		if (active_cache_tree)
+			fsck_cache_tree(active_cache_tree);
+	}
+
+	check_connectivity();
+	return errors_found;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-gc.c b/builtin-gc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c304638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-gc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * git gc builtin command
+ *
+ * Cleanup unreachable files and optimize the repository.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 James Bowes
+ *
+ * Based on git-gc.sh, which is
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn O. Pearce
+ */
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+#define FAILED_RUN "failed to run %s"
+
+static const char * const builtin_gc_usage[] = {
+	"git gc [options]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int pack_refs = 1;
+static int aggressive_window = 250;
+static int gc_auto_threshold = 6700;
+static int gc_auto_pack_limit = 50;
+static const char *prune_expire = "2.weeks.ago";
+
+#define MAX_ADD 10
+static const char *argv_pack_refs[] = {"pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL};
+static const char *argv_reflog[] = {"reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL};
+static const char *argv_repack[MAX_ADD] = {"repack", "-d", "-l", NULL};
+static const char *argv_prune[] = {"prune", "--expire", NULL, NULL};
+static const char *argv_rerere[] = {"rerere", "gc", NULL};
+
+static int gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.packrefs")) {
+		if (value && !strcmp(value, "notbare"))
+			pack_refs = -1;
+		else
+			pack_refs = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.aggressivewindow")) {
+		aggressive_window = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.auto")) {
+		gc_auto_threshold = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.autopacklimit")) {
+		gc_auto_pack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.pruneexpire")) {
+		if (value && strcmp(value, "now")) {
+			unsigned long now = approxidate("now");
+			if (approxidate(value) >= now)
+				return error("Invalid %s: '%s'", var, value);
+		}
+		return git_config_string(&prune_expire, var, value);
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static void append_option(const char **cmd, const char *opt, int max_length)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; cmd[i]; i++)
+		;
+
+	if (i + 2 >= max_length)
+		die("Too many options specified");
+	cmd[i++] = opt;
+	cmd[i] = NULL;
+}
+
+static int too_many_loose_objects(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Quickly check if a "gc" is needed, by estimating how
+	 * many loose objects there are.  Because SHA-1 is evenly
+	 * distributed, we can check only one and get a reasonable
+	 * estimate.
+	 */
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *ent;
+	int auto_threshold;
+	int num_loose = 0;
+	int needed = 0;
+
+	if (gc_auto_threshold <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (sizeof(path) <= snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/17", objdir)) {
+		warning("insanely long object directory %.*s", 50, objdir);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	dir = opendir(path);
+	if (!dir)
+		return 0;
+
+	auto_threshold = (gc_auto_threshold + 255) / 256;
+	while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		if (strspn(ent->d_name, "0123456789abcdef") != 38 ||
+		    ent->d_name[38] != '\0')
+			continue;
+		if (++num_loose > auto_threshold) {
+			needed = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	return needed;
+}
+
+static int too_many_packs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int cnt;
+
+	if (gc_auto_pack_limit <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (cnt = 0, p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (!p->pack_local)
+			continue;
+		if (p->pack_keep)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Perhaps check the size of the pack and count only
+		 * very small ones here?
+		 */
+		cnt++;
+	}
+	return gc_auto_pack_limit <= cnt;
+}
+
+static int need_to_gc(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Setting gc.auto to 0 or negative can disable the
+	 * automatic gc.
+	 */
+	if (gc_auto_threshold <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are too many loose objects, but not too many
+	 * packs, we run "repack -d -l".  If there are too many packs,
+	 * we run "repack -A -d -l".  Otherwise we tell the caller
+	 * there is no need.
+	 */
+	if (too_many_packs())
+		append_option(argv_repack,
+			      prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now") ?
+			      "-a" : "-A",
+			      MAX_ADD);
+	else if (!too_many_loose_objects())
+		return 0;
+
+	if (run_hook(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int aggressive = 0;
+	int auto_gc = 0;
+	int quiet = 0;
+	char buf[80];
+
+	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, "date",
+			"prune unreferenced objects",
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, "be more thorough (increased runtime)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, "enable auto-gc mode"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(gc_config, NULL);
+
+	if (pack_refs < 0)
+		pack_refs = !is_bare_repository();
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_gc_options,
+			     builtin_gc_usage, 0);
+	if (argc > 0)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
+
+	if (aggressive) {
+		append_option(argv_repack, "-f", MAX_ADD);
+		append_option(argv_repack, "--depth=250", MAX_ADD);
+		if (aggressive_window > 0) {
+			sprintf(buf, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
+			append_option(argv_repack, buf, MAX_ADD);
+		}
+	}
+	if (quiet)
+		append_option(argv_repack, "-q", MAX_ADD);
+
+	if (auto_gc) {
+		/*
+		 * Auto-gc should be least intrusive as possible.
+		 */
+		if (!need_to_gc())
+			return 0;
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.%s\n",
+			quiet
+			? ""
+			: (" You may also\n"
+			   "run \"git gc\" manually. See "
+			   "\"git help gc\" for more information."));
+	} else
+		append_option(argv_repack,
+			      prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now")
+			      ? "-a" : "-A",
+			      MAX_ADD);
+
+	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(argv_pack_refs, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_pack_refs[0]);
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_reflog, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_reflog[0]);
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_repack, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_repack[0]);
+
+	if (prune_expire) {
+		argv_prune[2] = prune_expire;
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv_prune, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+			return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_prune[0]);
+	}
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_rerere, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_rerere[0]);
+
+	if (auto_gc && too_many_loose_objects())
+		warning("There are too many unreachable loose objects; "
+			"run 'git prune' to remove them.");
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-grep.c b/builtin-grep.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26d4deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-grep.c
@@ -0,0 +1,953 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git grep"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "grep.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+#include "thread-utils.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
+	"git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] path...]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int use_threads = 1;
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+#define THREADS 8
+static pthread_t threads[THREADS];
+
+static void *load_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size,
+		       const char *name);
+static void *load_file(const char *filename, size_t *sz);
+
+enum work_type {WORK_SHA1, WORK_FILE};
+
+/* We use one producer thread and THREADS consumer
+ * threads. The producer adds struct work_items to 'todo' and the
+ * consumers pick work items from the same array.
+ */
+struct work_item
+{
+	enum work_type type;
+	char *name;
+
+	/* if type == WORK_SHA1, then 'identifier' is a SHA1,
+	 * otherwise type == WORK_FILE, and 'identifier' is a NUL
+	 * terminated filename.
+	 */
+	void *identifier;
+	char done;
+	struct strbuf out;
+};
+
+/* In the range [todo_done, todo_start) in 'todo' we have work_items
+ * that have been or are processed by a consumer thread. We haven't
+ * written the result for these to stdout yet.
+ *
+ * The work_items in [todo_start, todo_end) are waiting to be picked
+ * up by a consumer thread.
+ *
+ * The ranges are modulo TODO_SIZE.
+ */
+#define TODO_SIZE 128
+static struct work_item todo[TODO_SIZE];
+static int todo_start;
+static int todo_end;
+static int todo_done;
+
+/* Has all work items been added? */
+static int all_work_added;
+
+/* This lock protects all the variables above. */
+static pthread_mutex_t grep_mutex;
+
+/* Used to serialize calls to read_sha1_file. */
+static pthread_mutex_t read_sha1_mutex;
+
+#define grep_lock() pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_mutex)
+#define grep_unlock() pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_mutex)
+#define read_sha1_lock() pthread_mutex_lock(&read_sha1_mutex)
+#define read_sha1_unlock() pthread_mutex_unlock(&read_sha1_mutex)
+
+/* Signalled when a new work_item is added to todo. */
+static pthread_cond_t cond_add;
+
+/* Signalled when the result from one work_item is written to
+ * stdout.
+ */
+static pthread_cond_t cond_write;
+
+/* Signalled when we are finished with everything. */
+static pthread_cond_t cond_result;
+
+static void add_work(enum work_type type, char *name, void *id)
+{
+	grep_lock();
+
+	while ((todo_end+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo) == todo_done) {
+		pthread_cond_wait(&cond_write, &grep_mutex);
+	}
+
+	todo[todo_end].type = type;
+	todo[todo_end].name = name;
+	todo[todo_end].identifier = id;
+	todo[todo_end].done = 0;
+	strbuf_reset(&todo[todo_end].out);
+	todo_end = (todo_end + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
+
+	pthread_cond_signal(&cond_add);
+	grep_unlock();
+}
+
+static struct work_item *get_work(void)
+{
+	struct work_item *ret;
+
+	grep_lock();
+	while (todo_start == todo_end && !all_work_added) {
+		pthread_cond_wait(&cond_add, &grep_mutex);
+	}
+
+	if (todo_start == todo_end && all_work_added) {
+		ret = NULL;
+	} else {
+		ret = &todo[todo_start];
+		todo_start = (todo_start + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
+	}
+	grep_unlock();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void grep_sha1_async(struct grep_opt *opt, char *name,
+			    const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char *s;
+	s = xmalloc(20);
+	memcpy(s, sha1, 20);
+	add_work(WORK_SHA1, name, s);
+}
+
+static void grep_file_async(struct grep_opt *opt, char *name,
+			    const char *filename)
+{
+	add_work(WORK_FILE, name, xstrdup(filename));
+}
+
+static void work_done(struct work_item *w)
+{
+	int old_done;
+
+	grep_lock();
+	w->done = 1;
+	old_done = todo_done;
+	for(; todo[todo_done].done && todo_done != todo_start;
+	    todo_done = (todo_done+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo)) {
+		w = &todo[todo_done];
+		write_or_die(1, w->out.buf, w->out.len);
+		free(w->name);
+		free(w->identifier);
+	}
+
+	if (old_done != todo_done)
+		pthread_cond_signal(&cond_write);
+
+	if (all_work_added && todo_done == todo_end)
+		pthread_cond_signal(&cond_result);
+
+	grep_unlock();
+}
+
+static void *run(void *arg)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	struct grep_opt *opt = arg;
+
+	while (1) {
+		struct work_item *w = get_work();
+		if (!w)
+			break;
+
+		opt->output_priv = w;
+		if (w->type == WORK_SHA1) {
+			unsigned long sz;
+			void* data = load_sha1(w->identifier, &sz, w->name);
+
+			if (data) {
+				hit |= grep_buffer(opt, w->name, data, sz);
+				free(data);
+			}
+		} else if (w->type == WORK_FILE) {
+			size_t sz;
+			void* data = load_file(w->identifier, &sz);
+			if (data) {
+				hit |= grep_buffer(opt, w->name, data, sz);
+				free(data);
+			}
+		} else {
+			assert(0);
+		}
+
+		work_done(w);
+	}
+	free_grep_patterns(arg);
+	free(arg);
+
+	return (void*) (intptr_t) hit;
+}
+
+static void strbuf_out(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	struct work_item *w = opt->output_priv;
+	strbuf_add(&w->out, buf, size);
+}
+
+static void start_threads(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	pthread_mutex_init(&grep_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&read_sha1_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_cond_init(&cond_add, NULL);
+	pthread_cond_init(&cond_write, NULL);
+	pthread_cond_init(&cond_result, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(todo); i++) {
+		strbuf_init(&todo[i].out, 0);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); i++) {
+		int err;
+		struct grep_opt *o = grep_opt_dup(opt);
+		o->output = strbuf_out;
+		compile_grep_patterns(o);
+		err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, run, o);
+
+		if (err)
+			die("grep: failed to create thread: %s",
+			    strerror(err));
+	}
+}
+
+static int wait_all(void)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	grep_lock();
+	all_work_added = 1;
+
+	/* Wait until all work is done. */
+	while (todo_done != todo_end)
+		pthread_cond_wait(&cond_result, &grep_mutex);
+
+	/* Wake up all the consumer threads so they can see that there
+	 * is no more work to do.
+	 */
+	pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond_add);
+	grep_unlock();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); i++) {
+		void *h;
+		pthread_join(threads[i], &h);
+		hit |= (int) (intptr_t) h;
+	}
+
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_sha1_mutex);
+	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_add);
+	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_write);
+	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_result);
+
+	return hit;
+}
+#else /* !NO_PTHREADS */
+#define read_sha1_lock()
+#define read_sha1_unlock()
+
+static int wait_all(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = cb;
+
+	switch (userdiff_config(var, value)) {
+	case 0: break;
+	case -1: return -1;
+	default: return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep")) {
+		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value, -1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, opt->color_match);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if max_depth is negative or path has no more then max_depth
+ * slashes.
+ */
+static int accept_subdir(const char *path, int max_depth)
+{
+	if (max_depth < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	while ((path = strchr(path, '/')) != NULL) {
+		max_depth--;
+		if (max_depth < 0)
+			return 0;
+		path++;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if name is a subdirectory of match and is not too deep.
+ */
+static int is_subdir(const char *name, int namelen,
+		const char *match, int matchlen, int max_depth)
+{
+	if (matchlen > namelen || strncmp(name, match, matchlen))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (name[matchlen] == '\0') /* exact match */
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!matchlen || match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
+		return accept_subdir(name + matchlen + 1, max_depth);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * git grep pathspecs are somewhat different from diff-tree pathspecs;
+ * pathname wildcards are allowed.
+ */
+static int pathspec_matches(const char **paths, const char *name, int max_depth)
+{
+	int namelen, i;
+	if (!paths || !*paths)
+		return accept_subdir(name, max_depth);
+	namelen = strlen(name);
+	for (i = 0; paths[i]; i++) {
+		const char *match = paths[i];
+		int matchlen = strlen(match);
+		const char *cp, *meta;
+
+		if (is_subdir(name, namelen, match, matchlen, max_depth))
+			return 1;
+		if (!fnmatch(match, name, 0))
+			return 1;
+		if (name[namelen-1] != '/')
+			continue;
+
+		/* We are being asked if the directory ("name") is worth
+		 * descending into.
+		 *
+		 * Find the longest leading directory name that does
+		 * not have metacharacter in the pathspec; the name
+		 * we are looking at must overlap with that directory.
+		 */
+		for (cp = match, meta = NULL; cp - match < matchlen; cp++) {
+			char ch = *cp;
+			if (ch == '*' || ch == '[' || ch == '?') {
+				meta = cp;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!meta)
+			meta = cp; /* fully literal */
+
+		if (namelen <= meta - match) {
+			/* Looking at "Documentation/" and
+			 * the pattern says "Documentation/howto/", or
+			 * "Documentation/diff*.txt".  The name we
+			 * have should match prefix.
+			 */
+			if (!memcmp(match, name, namelen))
+				return 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (meta - match < namelen) {
+			/* Looking at "Documentation/howto/" and
+			 * the pattern says "Documentation/h*";
+			 * match up to "Do.../h"; this avoids descending
+			 * into "Documentation/technical/".
+			 */
+			if (!memcmp(match, name, meta - match))
+				return 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *load_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size,
+		       const char *name)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *data;
+
+	read_sha1_lock();
+	data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, size);
+	read_sha1_unlock();
+
+	if (!data)
+		error("'%s': unable to read %s", name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len)
+{
+	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *name;
+
+	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
+		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, -1, &pathbuf,
+				    opt->prefix);
+		strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, filename, tree_name_len);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
+	}
+
+	name = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (use_threads) {
+		grep_sha1_async(opt, name, sha1);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+#endif
+	{
+		int hit;
+		unsigned long sz;
+		void *data = load_sha1(sha1, &sz, name);
+		if (!data)
+			hit = 0;
+		else
+			hit = grep_buffer(opt, name, data, sz);
+
+		free(data);
+		free(name);
+		return hit;
+	}
+}
+
+static void *load_file(const char *filename, size_t *sz)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	char *data;
+	int i;
+
+	if (lstat(filename, &st) < 0) {
+	err_ret:
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			error("'%s': %s", filename, strerror(errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+	*sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	i = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if (i < 0)
+		goto err_ret;
+	data = xmalloc(*sz + 1);
+	if (st.st_size != read_in_full(i, data, *sz)) {
+		error("'%s': short read %s", filename, strerror(errno));
+		close(i);
+		free(data);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	close(i);
+	data[*sz] = 0;
+	return data;
+}
+
+static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *name;
+
+	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
+		quote_path_relative(filename, -1, &buf, opt->prefix);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
+	name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (use_threads) {
+		grep_file_async(opt, name, filename);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+#endif
+	{
+		int hit;
+		size_t sz;
+		void *data = load_file(filename, &sz);
+		if (!data)
+			hit = 0;
+		else
+			hit = grep_buffer(opt, name, data, sz);
+
+		free(data);
+		free(name);
+		return hit;
+	}
+}
+
+static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths, int cached)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	int nr;
+	read_cache();
+
+	for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
+		if (!S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+		if (!pathspec_matches(paths, ce->name, opt->max_depth))
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * If CE_VALID is on, we assume worktree file and its cache entry
+		 * are identical, even if worktree file has been modified, so use
+		 * cache version instead
+		 */
+		if (cached || (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) || ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+			if (ce_stage(ce))
+				continue;
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
+		}
+		else
+			hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			do {
+				nr++;
+			} while (nr < active_nr &&
+				 !strcmp(ce->name, active_cache[nr]->name));
+			nr--; /* compensate for loop control */
+		}
+		if (hit && opt->status_only)
+			break;
+	}
+	free_grep_patterns(opt);
+	return hit;
+}
+
+static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths,
+		     struct tree_desc *tree,
+		     const char *tree_name, const char *base)
+{
+	int len;
+	int hit = 0;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	char *down;
+	int tn_len = strlen(tree_name);
+	struct strbuf pathbuf;
+
+	strbuf_init(&pathbuf, PATH_MAX + tn_len);
+
+	if (tn_len) {
+		strbuf_add(&pathbuf, tree_name, tn_len);
+		strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, ':');
+		tn_len = pathbuf.len;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, base);
+	len = pathbuf.len;
+
+	while (tree_entry(tree, &entry)) {
+		int te_len = tree_entry_len(entry.path, entry.sha1);
+		pathbuf.len = len;
+		strbuf_add(&pathbuf, entry.path, te_len);
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
+			/* Match "abc/" against pathspec to
+			 * decide if we want to descend into "abc"
+			 * directory.
+			 */
+			strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
+
+		down = pathbuf.buf + tn_len;
+		if (!pathspec_matches(paths, down, opt->max_depth))
+			;
+		else if (S_ISREG(entry.mode))
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, pathbuf.buf, tn_len);
+		else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
+			enum object_type type;
+			struct tree_desc sub;
+			void *data;
+			unsigned long size;
+
+			read_sha1_lock();
+			data = read_sha1_file(entry.sha1, &type, &size);
+			read_sha1_unlock();
+
+			if (!data)
+				die("unable to read tree (%s)",
+				    sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1));
+			init_tree_desc(&sub, data, size);
+			hit |= grep_tree(opt, paths, &sub, tree_name, down);
+			free(data);
+		}
+		if (hit && opt->status_only)
+			break;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
+	return hit;
+}
+
+static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths,
+		       struct object *obj, const char *name)
+{
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
+		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0);
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		struct tree_desc tree;
+		void *data;
+		unsigned long size;
+		int hit;
+		data = read_object_with_reference(obj->sha1, tree_type,
+						  &size, NULL);
+		if (!data)
+			die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		init_tree_desc(&tree, data, size);
+		hit = grep_tree(opt, paths, &tree, name, "");
+		free(data);
+		return hit;
+	}
+	die("unable to grep from object of type %s", typename(obj->type));
+}
+
+static int context_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			    int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	int value;
+	const char *endp;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		grep_opt->pre_context = grep_opt->post_context = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	value = strtol(arg, (char **)&endp, 10);
+	if (*endp) {
+		return error("switch `%c' expects a numerical value",
+			     opt->short_name);
+	}
+	grep_opt->pre_context = grep_opt->post_context = value;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int file_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	FILE *patterns;
+	int lno = 0;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	patterns = fopen(arg, "r");
+	if (!patterns)
+		die_errno("cannot open '%s'", arg);
+	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, patterns, '\n') == 0) {
+		/* ignore empty line like grep does */
+		if (sb.len == 0)
+			continue;
+		append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL), arg,
+				    ++lno, GREP_PATTERN);
+	}
+	fclose(patterns);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int not_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--not", "command line", 0, GREP_NOT);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int and_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--and", "command line", 0, GREP_AND);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int open_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "(", "command line", 0, GREP_OPEN_PAREN);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int close_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, ")", "command line", 0, GREP_CLOSE_PAREN);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int pattern_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			    int unset)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
+	append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, arg, "-e option", 0, GREP_PATTERN);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int help_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	int cached = 0;
+	int seen_dashdash = 0;
+	int external_grep_allowed__ignored;
+	struct grep_opt opt;
+	struct object_array list = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	const char **paths = NULL;
+	int i;
+	int dummy;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+			"search in index instead of in the work tree"),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
+			"show non-matching lines"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
+			"case insensitive matching"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
+			"match patterns only at word boundaries"),
+		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
+			"process binary files as text", GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
+		OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
+			"don't match patterns in binary files",
+			GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, "depth",
+			"descend at most <depth> levels", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			NULL, 1 },
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_BIT('E', "extended-regexp", &opt.regflags,
+			"use extended POSIX regular expressions", REG_EXTENDED),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('G', "basic-regexp", &opt.regflags,
+			"use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)",
+			REG_EXTENDED),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('F', "fixed-strings", &opt.fixed,
+			"interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &opt.linenum, "show line numbers"),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, "don't show filenames", 1),
+		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, "show filenames", 1),
+		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
+			"show filenames relative to top directory", 1),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
+			"show only filenames instead of matching lines"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
+			"synonym for --files-with-matches"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('L', "files-without-match",
+			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
+			"show only the names of files without match"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
+			"print NUL after filenames"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "count", &opt.count,
+			"show the number of matches instead of matching lines"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "color", &opt.color, "highlight matches", 1),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('C', NULL, &opt, "n",
+			"show <n> context lines before and after matches",
+			context_callback),
+		OPT_INTEGER('B', NULL, &opt.pre_context,
+			"show <n> context lines before matches"),
+		OPT_INTEGER('A', NULL, &opt.post_context,
+			"show <n> context lines after matches"),
+		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, "shortcut for -C NUM",
+			context_callback),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
+			"show a line with the function name before matches"),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, "file",
+			"read patterns from file", file_callback),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, "pattern",
+			"match <pattern>", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
+		  "combine patterns specified with -e",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
+		  open_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, ')', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
+		  close_callback },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet", &opt.status_only,
+			    "indicate hit with exit status without output"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
+			"show only matches from files that match all patterns"),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
+			    "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, "show usage",
+		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * 'git grep -h', unlike 'git grep -h <pattern>', is a request
+	 * to show usage information and exit.
+	 */
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(grep_usage, options);
+
+	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
+	opt.prefix = prefix;
+	opt.prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	opt.relative = 1;
+	opt.pathname = 1;
+	opt.pattern_tail = &opt.pattern_list;
+	opt.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
+	opt.max_depth = -1;
+
+	strcpy(opt.color_match, GIT_COLOR_RED GIT_COLOR_BOLD);
+	opt.color = -1;
+	git_config(grep_config, &opt);
+	if (opt.color == -1)
+		opt.color = git_use_color_default;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
+	 * tree.  If there is no explicit pattern specified with -e or
+	 * -f, we take the first unrecognized non option to be the
+	 * pattern, but then what follows it must be zero or more
+	 * valid refs up to the -- (if exists), and then existing
+	 * paths.  If there is an explicit pattern, then the first
+	 * unrecognized non option is the beginning of the refs list
+	 * that continues up to the -- (if exists), and then paths.
+	 */
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, grep_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
+			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION |
+			     PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
+
+	/* First unrecognized non-option token */
+	if (argc > 0 && !opt.pattern_list) {
+		append_grep_pattern(&opt, argv[0], "command line", 0,
+				    GREP_PATTERN);
+		argv++;
+		argc--;
+	}
+
+	if (!opt.pattern_list)
+		die("no pattern given.");
+	if (!opt.fixed && opt.ignore_case)
+		opt.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
+	if ((opt.regflags != REG_NEWLINE) && opt.fixed)
+		die("cannot mix --fixed-strings and regexp");
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (online_cpus() == 1 || !grep_threads_ok(&opt))
+		use_threads = 0;
+
+	if (use_threads)
+		start_threads(&opt);
+#else
+	use_threads = 0;
+#endif
+
+	compile_grep_patterns(&opt);
+
+	/* Check revs and then paths */
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		/* Is it a rev? */
+		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			if (!object)
+				die("bad object %s", arg);
+			add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			seen_dashdash = 1;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* The rest are paths */
+	if (!seen_dashdash) {
+		int j;
+		for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j]);
+	}
+
+	if (i < argc)
+		paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
+	else if (prefix) {
+		paths = xcalloc(2, sizeof(const char *));
+		paths[0] = prefix;
+		paths[1] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!list.nr) {
+		int hit;
+		if (!cached)
+			setup_work_tree();
+
+		hit = grep_cache(&opt, paths, cached);
+		if (use_threads)
+			hit |= wait_all();
+		return !hit;
+	}
+
+	if (cached)
+		die("both --cached and trees are given.");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *real_obj;
+		real_obj = deref_tag(list.objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
+		if (grep_object(&opt, paths, real_obj, list.objects[i].name)) {
+			hit = 1;
+			if (opt.status_only)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (use_threads)
+		hit |= wait_all();
+	free_grep_patterns(&opt);
+	return !hit;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-hash-object.c b/builtin-hash-object.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a5f5b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-hash-object.c
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ * Copyright (C) Junio C Hamano, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static void hash_fd(int fd, const char *type, int write_object, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 ||
+	    index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, write_object, type_from_string(type), path))
+		die(write_object
+		    ? "Unable to add %s to database"
+		    : "Unable to hash %s", path);
+	printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "hash to stdout");
+}
+
+static void hash_object(const char *path, const char *type, int write_object,
+			const char *vpath)
+{
+	int fd;
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("Cannot open '%s'", path);
+	hash_fd(fd, type, write_object, vpath);
+}
+
+static void hash_stdin_paths(const char *type, int write_objects)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+		if (buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+		}
+		hash_object(buf.buf, type, write_objects, buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+}
+
+static const char * const hash_object_usage[] = {
+	"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>...",
+	"git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char *type;
+static int write_object;
+static int hashstdin;
+static int stdin_paths;
+static int no_filters;
+static const char *vpath;
+
+static const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
+	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, "type", "object type"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, "write the object into the object database"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, "read the object from stdin"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, "store file as is without filters"),
+	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, "file", "process file as it were from this path"),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	int prefix_length = -1;
+	const char *errstr = NULL;
+
+	type = blob_type;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, hash_object_options,
+			     hash_object_usage, 0);
+
+	if (write_object) {
+		prefix = setup_git_directory();
+		prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+		if (vpath && prefix)
+			vpath = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, vpath);
+	}
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		if (hashstdin)
+			errstr = "Can't use --stdin-paths with --stdin";
+		else if (argc)
+			errstr = "Can't specify files with --stdin-paths";
+		else if (vpath)
+			errstr = "Can't use --stdin-paths with --path";
+		else if (no_filters)
+			errstr = "Can't use --stdin-paths with --no-filters";
+	}
+	else {
+		if (hashstdin > 1)
+			errstr = "Multiple --stdin arguments are not supported";
+		if (vpath && no_filters)
+			errstr = "Can't use --path with --no-filters";
+	}
+
+	if (errstr) {
+		error("%s", errstr);
+		usage_with_options(hash_object_usage, hash_object_options);
+	}
+
+	if (hashstdin)
+		hash_fd(0, type, write_object, vpath);
+
+	for (i = 0 ; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (0 <= prefix_length)
+			arg = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
+		hash_object(arg, type, write_object,
+			    no_filters ? NULL : vpath ? vpath : arg);
+	}
+
+	if (stdin_paths)
+		hash_stdin_paths(type, write_object);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-help.c b/builtin-help.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3182a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-help.c
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+/*
+ * builtin-help.c
+ *
+ * Builtin help command
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "common-cmds.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "help.h"
+
+static struct man_viewer_list {
+	struct man_viewer_list *next;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+} *man_viewer_list;
+
+static struct man_viewer_info_list {
+	struct man_viewer_info_list *next;
+	const char *info;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+} *man_viewer_info_list;
+
+enum help_format {
+	HELP_FORMAT_NONE,
+	HELP_FORMAT_MAN,
+	HELP_FORMAT_INFO,
+	HELP_FORMAT_WEB,
+};
+
+static int show_all = 0;
+static enum help_format help_format = HELP_FORMAT_NONE;
+static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "print all available commands"),
+	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, "show man page", HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
+	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, "show manual in web browser",
+			HELP_FORMAT_WEB),
+	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, "show info page",
+			HELP_FORMAT_INFO),
+	OPT_END(),
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_help_usage[] = {
+	"git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static enum help_format parse_help_format(const char *format)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(format, "man"))
+		return HELP_FORMAT_MAN;
+	if (!strcmp(format, "info"))
+		return HELP_FORMAT_INFO;
+	if (!strcmp(format, "web") || !strcmp(format, "html"))
+		return HELP_FORMAT_WEB;
+	die("unrecognized help format '%s'", format);
+}
+
+static const char *get_man_viewer_info(const char *name)
+{
+	struct man_viewer_info_list *viewer;
+
+	for (viewer = man_viewer_info_list; viewer; viewer = viewer->next)
+	{
+		if (!strcasecmp(name, viewer->name))
+			return viewer->info;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process ec_process;
+	const char *argv_ec[] = { "emacsclient", "--version", NULL };
+	int version;
+
+	/* emacsclient prints its version number on stderr */
+	memset(&ec_process, 0, sizeof(ec_process));
+	ec_process.argv = argv_ec;
+	ec_process.err = -1;
+	ec_process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	if (start_command(&ec_process))
+		return error("Failed to start emacsclient.");
+
+	strbuf_read(&buffer, ec_process.err, 20);
+	close(ec_process.err);
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't bother checking return value, because "emacsclient --version"
+	 * seems to always exits with code 1.
+	 */
+	finish_command(&ec_process);
+
+	if (prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "emacsclient")) {
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
+		return error("Failed to parse emacsclient version.");
+	}
+
+	strbuf_remove(&buffer, 0, strlen("emacsclient"));
+	version = atoi(buffer.buf);
+
+	if (version < 22) {
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
+		return error("emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22).",
+			version);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void exec_woman_emacs(const char *path, const char *page)
+{
+	if (!check_emacsclient_version()) {
+		/* This works only with emacsclient version >= 22. */
+		struct strbuf man_page = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (!path)
+			path = "emacsclient";
+		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "(woman \"%s\")", page);
+		execlp(path, "emacsclient", "-e", man_page.buf, NULL);
+		warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+static void exec_man_konqueror(const char *path, const char *page)
+{
+	const char *display = getenv("DISPLAY");
+	if (display && *display) {
+		struct strbuf man_page = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *filename = "kfmclient";
+
+		/* It's simpler to launch konqueror using kfmclient. */
+		if (path) {
+			const char *file = strrchr(path, '/');
+			if (file && !strcmp(file + 1, "konqueror")) {
+				char *new = xstrdup(path);
+				char *dest = strrchr(new, '/');
+
+				/* strlen("konqueror") == strlen("kfmclient") */
+				strcpy(dest + 1, "kfmclient");
+				path = new;
+			}
+			if (file)
+				filename = file;
+		} else
+			path = "kfmclient";
+		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "man:%s(1)", page);
+		execlp(path, filename, "newTab", man_page.buf, NULL);
+		warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+static void exec_man_man(const char *path, const char *page)
+{
+	if (!path)
+		path = "man";
+	execlp(path, "man", page, NULL);
+	warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static void exec_man_cmd(const char *cmd, const char *page)
+{
+	struct strbuf shell_cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&shell_cmd, "%s %s", cmd, page);
+	execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", shell_cmd.buf, NULL);
+	warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", cmd, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static void add_man_viewer(const char *name)
+{
+	struct man_viewer_list **p = &man_viewer_list;
+	size_t len = strlen(name);
+
+	while (*p)
+		p = &((*p)->next);
+	*p = xcalloc(1, (sizeof(**p) + len + 1));
+	strncpy((*p)->name, name, len);
+}
+
+static int supported_man_viewer(const char *name, size_t len)
+{
+	return (!strncasecmp("man", name, len) ||
+		!strncasecmp("woman", name, len) ||
+		!strncasecmp("konqueror", name, len));
+}
+
+static void do_add_man_viewer_info(const char *name,
+				   size_t len,
+				   const char *value)
+{
+	struct man_viewer_info_list *new = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*new) + len + 1);
+
+	strncpy(new->name, name, len);
+	new->info = xstrdup(value);
+	new->next = man_viewer_info_list;
+	man_viewer_info_list = new;
+}
+
+static int add_man_viewer_path(const char *name,
+			       size_t len,
+			       const char *value)
+{
+	if (supported_man_viewer(name, len))
+		do_add_man_viewer_info(name, len, value);
+	else
+		warning("'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+			"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead.",
+			name);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_man_viewer_cmd(const char *name,
+			      size_t len,
+			      const char *value)
+{
+	if (supported_man_viewer(name, len))
+		warning("'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+			"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead.",
+			name);
+	else
+		do_add_man_viewer_info(name, len, value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *name = var + 4;
+	const char *subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+
+	if (!subkey)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".path")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return add_man_viewer_path(name, subkey - name, value);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".cmd")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, subkey - name, value);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "help.format")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		help_format = parse_help_format(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "man.viewer")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		add_man_viewer(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "man."))
+		return add_man_viewer_info(var, value);
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
+
+void list_common_cmds_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts("The most commonly used git commands are:");
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
+		puts(common_cmds[i].help);
+	}
+}
+
+static int is_git_command(const char *s)
+{
+	return is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, s) ||
+		is_in_cmdlist(&other_cmds, s);
+}
+
+static const char *prepend(const char *prefix, const char *cmd)
+{
+	size_t pre_len = strlen(prefix);
+	size_t cmd_len = strlen(cmd);
+	char *p = xmalloc(pre_len + cmd_len + 1);
+	memcpy(p, prefix, pre_len);
+	strcpy(p + pre_len, cmd);
+	return p;
+}
+
+static const char *cmd_to_page(const char *git_cmd)
+{
+	if (!git_cmd)
+		return "git";
+	else if (!prefixcmp(git_cmd, "git"))
+		return git_cmd;
+	else if (is_git_command(git_cmd))
+		return prepend("git-", git_cmd);
+	else
+		return prepend("git", git_cmd);
+}
+
+static void setup_man_path(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf new_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *old_path = getenv("MANPATH");
+
+	/* We should always put ':' after our path. If there is no
+	 * old_path, the ':' at the end will let 'man' to try
+	 * system-wide paths after ours to find the manual page. If
+	 * there is old_path, we need ':' as delimiter. */
+	strbuf_addstr(&new_path, system_path(GIT_MAN_PATH));
+	strbuf_addch(&new_path, ':');
+	if (old_path)
+		strbuf_addstr(&new_path, old_path);
+
+	setenv("MANPATH", new_path.buf, 1);
+
+	strbuf_release(&new_path);
+}
+
+static void exec_viewer(const char *name, const char *page)
+{
+	const char *info = get_man_viewer_info(name);
+
+	if (!strcasecmp(name, "man"))
+		exec_man_man(info, page);
+	else if (!strcasecmp(name, "woman"))
+		exec_woman_emacs(info, page);
+	else if (!strcasecmp(name, "konqueror"))
+		exec_man_konqueror(info, page);
+	else if (info)
+		exec_man_cmd(info, page);
+	else
+		warning("'%s': unknown man viewer.", name);
+}
+
+static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
+{
+	struct man_viewer_list *viewer;
+	const char *page = cmd_to_page(git_cmd);
+	const char *fallback = getenv("GIT_MAN_VIEWER");
+
+	setup_man_path();
+	for (viewer = man_viewer_list; viewer; viewer = viewer->next)
+	{
+		exec_viewer(viewer->name, page); /* will return when unable */
+	}
+	if (fallback)
+		exec_viewer(fallback, page);
+	exec_viewer("man", page);
+	die("no man viewer handled the request");
+}
+
+static void show_info_page(const char *git_cmd)
+{
+	const char *page = cmd_to_page(git_cmd);
+	setenv("INFOPATH", system_path(GIT_INFO_PATH), 1);
+	execlp("info", "info", "gitman", page, NULL);
+	die("no info viewer handled the request");
+}
+
+static void get_html_page_path(struct strbuf *page_path, const char *page)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	const char *html_path = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
+
+	/* Check that we have a git documentation directory. */
+	if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
+	    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		die("'%s': not a documentation directory.", html_path);
+
+	strbuf_init(page_path, 0);
+	strbuf_addf(page_path, "%s/%s.html", html_path, page);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If open_html is not defined in a platform-specific way (see for
+ * example compat/mingw.h), we use the script web--browse to display
+ * HTML.
+ */
+#ifndef open_html
+static void open_html(const char *path)
+{
+	execl_git_cmd("web--browse", "-c", "help.browser", path, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void show_html_page(const char *git_cmd)
+{
+	const char *page = cmd_to_page(git_cmd);
+	struct strbuf page_path; /* it leaks but we exec bellow */
+
+	get_html_page_path(&page_path, page);
+
+	open_html(page_path.buf);
+}
+
+int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int nongit;
+	const char *alias;
+	enum help_format parsed_help_format;
+	load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_help_options,
+			builtin_help_usage, 0);
+	parsed_help_format = help_format;
+
+	if (show_all) {
+		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
+		list_commands("git commands", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+		printf("%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!argv[0]) {
+		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
+		list_common_cmds_help();
+		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	git_config(git_help_config, NULL);
+
+	if (parsed_help_format != HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
+		help_format = parsed_help_format;
+
+	alias = alias_lookup(argv[0]);
+	if (alias && !is_git_command(argv[0])) {
+		printf("`git %s' is aliased to `%s'\n", argv[0], alias);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	switch (help_format) {
+	case HELP_FORMAT_NONE:
+	case HELP_FORMAT_MAN:
+		show_man_page(argv[0]);
+		break;
+	case HELP_FORMAT_INFO:
+		show_info_page(argv[0]);
+		break;
+	case HELP_FORMAT_WEB:
+		show_html_page(argv[0]);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-index-pack.c b/builtin-index-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4cf8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-index-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1045 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "csum-file.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "fsck.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static const char index_pack_usage[] =
+"git index-pack [-v] [-o <index-file>] [{ ---keep | --keep=<msg> }] [--strict] { <pack-file> | --stdin [--fix-thin] [<pack-file>] }";
+
+struct object_entry
+{
+	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
+	unsigned long size;
+	unsigned int hdr_size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	enum object_type real_type;
+};
+
+union delta_base {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	off_t offset;
+};
+
+struct base_data {
+	struct base_data *base;
+	struct base_data *child;
+	struct object_entry *obj;
+	void *data;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Even if sizeof(union delta_base) == 24 on 64-bit archs, we really want
+ * to memcmp() only the first 20 bytes.
+ */
+#define UNION_BASE_SZ	20
+
+#define FLAG_LINK (1u<<20)
+#define FLAG_CHECKED (1u<<21)
+
+struct delta_entry
+{
+	union delta_base base;
+	int obj_no;
+};
+
+static struct object_entry *objects;
+static struct delta_entry *deltas;
+static struct base_data *base_cache;
+static size_t base_cache_used;
+static int nr_objects;
+static int nr_deltas;
+static int nr_resolved_deltas;
+
+static int from_stdin;
+static int strict;
+static int verbose;
+
+static struct progress *progress;
+
+/* We always read in 4kB chunks. */
+static unsigned char input_buffer[4096];
+static unsigned int input_offset, input_len;
+static off_t consumed_bytes;
+static git_SHA_CTX input_ctx;
+static uint32_t input_crc32;
+static int input_fd, output_fd, pack_fd;
+
+static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+{
+	if (!obj)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (type != OBJ_ANY && obj->type != type)
+		die("object type mismatch at %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+
+	obj->flags |= FLAG_LINK;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* The content of each linked object must have been checked
+   or it must be already present in the object database */
+static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+{
+	if (!obj)
+		return;
+
+	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_LINK))
+		return;
+
+	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_CHECKED)) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->sha1, &size);
+		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
+			die("object of unexpected type");
+		obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+static void check_objects(void)
+{
+	unsigned i, max;
+
+	max = get_max_object_index();
+	for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
+		check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+}
+
+
+/* Discard current buffer used content. */
+static void flush(void)
+{
+	if (input_offset) {
+		if (output_fd >= 0)
+			write_or_die(output_fd, input_buffer, input_offset);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&input_ctx, input_buffer, input_offset);
+		memmove(input_buffer, input_buffer + input_offset, input_len);
+		input_offset = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure at least "min" bytes are available in the buffer, and
+ * return the pointer to the buffer.
+ */
+static void *fill(int min)
+{
+	if (min <= input_len)
+		return input_buffer + input_offset;
+	if (min > sizeof(input_buffer))
+		die("cannot fill %d bytes", min);
+	flush();
+	do {
+		ssize_t ret = xread(input_fd, input_buffer + input_len,
+				sizeof(input_buffer) - input_len);
+		if (ret <= 0) {
+			if (!ret)
+				die("early EOF");
+			die_errno("read error on input");
+		}
+		input_len += ret;
+		if (from_stdin)
+			display_throughput(progress, consumed_bytes + input_len);
+	} while (input_len < min);
+	return input_buffer;
+}
+
+static void use(int bytes)
+{
+	if (bytes > input_len)
+		die("used more bytes than were available");
+	input_crc32 = crc32(input_crc32, input_buffer + input_offset, bytes);
+	input_len -= bytes;
+	input_offset += bytes;
+
+	/* make sure off_t is sufficiently large not to wrap */
+	if (consumed_bytes > consumed_bytes + bytes)
+		die("pack too large for current definition of off_t");
+	consumed_bytes += bytes;
+}
+
+static const char *open_pack_file(const char *pack_name)
+{
+	if (from_stdin) {
+		input_fd = 0;
+		if (!pack_name) {
+			static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+			output_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile),
+						"pack/tmp_pack_XXXXXX");
+			pack_name = xstrdup(tmpfile);
+		} else
+			output_fd = open(pack_name, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR, 0600);
+		if (output_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to create '%s'", pack_name);
+		pack_fd = output_fd;
+	} else {
+		input_fd = open(pack_name, O_RDONLY);
+		if (input_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("cannot open packfile '%s'", pack_name);
+		output_fd = -1;
+		pack_fd = input_fd;
+	}
+	git_SHA1_Init(&input_ctx);
+	return pack_name;
+}
+
+static void parse_pack_header(void)
+{
+	struct pack_header *hdr = fill(sizeof(struct pack_header));
+
+	/* Header consistency check */
+	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
+		die("pack signature mismatch");
+	if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
+		die("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported",
+			ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));
+
+	nr_objects = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
+	use(sizeof(struct pack_header));
+}
+
+static NORETURN void bad_object(unsigned long offset, const char *format,
+		       ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+
+static void bad_object(unsigned long offset, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	va_start(params, format);
+	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	die("pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s", offset, buf);
+}
+
+static void free_base_data(struct base_data *c)
+{
+	if (c->data) {
+		free(c->data);
+		c->data = NULL;
+		base_cache_used -= c->size;
+	}
+}
+
+static void prune_base_data(struct base_data *retain)
+{
+	struct base_data *b;
+	for (b = base_cache;
+	     base_cache_used > delta_base_cache_limit && b;
+	     b = b->child) {
+		if (b->data && b != retain)
+			free_base_data(b);
+	}
+}
+
+static void link_base_data(struct base_data *base, struct base_data *c)
+{
+	if (base)
+		base->child = c;
+	else
+		base_cache = c;
+
+	c->base = base;
+	c->child = NULL;
+	if (c->data)
+		base_cache_used += c->size;
+	prune_base_data(c);
+}
+
+static void unlink_base_data(struct base_data *c)
+{
+	struct base_data *base = c->base;
+	if (base)
+		base->child = NULL;
+	else
+		base_cache = NULL;
+	free_base_data(c);
+}
+
+static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	stream.next_out = buf;
+	stream.avail_out = size;
+	stream.next_in = fill(1);
+	stream.avail_in = input_len;
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int ret = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		use(input_len - stream.avail_in);
+		if (stream.total_out == size && ret == Z_STREAM_END)
+			break;
+		if (ret != Z_OK)
+			bad_object(offset, "inflate returned %d", ret);
+		stream.next_in = fill(1);
+		stream.avail_in = input_len;
+	}
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_base)
+{
+	unsigned char *p;
+	unsigned long size, c;
+	off_t base_offset;
+	unsigned shift;
+	void *data;
+
+	obj->idx.offset = consumed_bytes;
+	input_crc32 = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
+
+	p = fill(1);
+	c = *p;
+	use(1);
+	obj->type = (c >> 4) & 7;
+	size = (c & 15);
+	shift = 4;
+	while (c & 0x80) {
+		p = fill(1);
+		c = *p;
+		use(1);
+		size += (c & 0x7f) << shift;
+		shift += 7;
+	}
+	obj->size = size;
+
+	switch (obj->type) {
+	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
+		hashcpy(delta_base->sha1, fill(20));
+		use(20);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
+		memset(delta_base, 0, sizeof(*delta_base));
+		p = fill(1);
+		c = *p;
+		use(1);
+		base_offset = c & 127;
+		while (c & 128) {
+			base_offset += 1;
+			if (!base_offset || MSB(base_offset, 7))
+				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "offset value overflow for delta base object");
+			p = fill(1);
+			c = *p;
+			use(1);
+			base_offset = (base_offset << 7) + (c & 127);
+		}
+		delta_base->offset = obj->idx.offset - base_offset;
+		if (delta_base->offset <= 0 || delta_base->offset >= obj->idx.offset)
+			bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "delta base offset is out of bound");
+		break;
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		break;
+	default:
+		bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "unknown object type %d", obj->type);
+	}
+	obj->hdr_size = consumed_bytes - obj->idx.offset;
+
+	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size);
+	obj->idx.crc32 = input_crc32;
+	return data;
+}
+
+static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+{
+	off_t from = obj[0].idx.offset + obj[0].hdr_size;
+	unsigned long len = obj[1].idx.offset - from;
+	unsigned long rdy = 0;
+	unsigned char *src, *data;
+	z_stream stream;
+	int st;
+
+	src = xmalloc(len);
+	data = src;
+	do {
+		ssize_t n = pread(pack_fd, data + rdy, len - rdy, from + rdy);
+		if (n < 0)
+			die_errno("cannot pread pack file");
+		if (!n)
+			die("premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing",
+			    len - rdy);
+		rdy += n;
+	} while (rdy < len);
+	data = xmalloc(obj->size);
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	stream.next_out = data;
+	stream.avail_out = obj->size;
+	stream.next_in = src;
+	stream.avail_in = len;
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+	while ((st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH)) == Z_OK);
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	if (st != Z_STREAM_END || stream.total_out != obj->size)
+		die("serious inflate inconsistency");
+	free(src);
+	return data;
+}
+
+static int find_delta(const union delta_base *base)
+{
+	int first = 0, last = nr_deltas;
+
+        while (first < last) {
+                int next = (first + last) / 2;
+                struct delta_entry *delta = &deltas[next];
+                int cmp;
+
+                cmp = memcmp(base, &delta->base, UNION_BASE_SZ);
+                if (!cmp)
+                        return next;
+                if (cmp < 0) {
+                        last = next;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                first = next+1;
+        }
+        return -first-1;
+}
+
+static void find_delta_children(const union delta_base *base,
+				int *first_index, int *last_index)
+{
+	int first = find_delta(base);
+	int last = first;
+	int end = nr_deltas - 1;
+
+	if (first < 0) {
+		*first_index = 0;
+		*last_index = -1;
+		return;
+	}
+	while (first > 0 && !memcmp(&deltas[first - 1].base, base, UNION_BASE_SZ))
+		--first;
+	while (last < end && !memcmp(&deltas[last + 1].base, base, UNION_BASE_SZ))
+		++last;
+	*first_index = first;
+	*last_index = last;
+}
+
+static void sha1_object(const void *data, unsigned long size,
+			enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	hash_sha1_file(data, size, typename(type), sha1);
+	if (has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
+		void *has_data;
+		enum object_type has_type;
+		unsigned long has_size;
+		has_data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &has_type, &has_size);
+		if (!has_data)
+			die("cannot read existing object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (size != has_size || type != has_type ||
+		    memcmp(data, has_data, size) != 0)
+			die("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		free(has_data);
+	}
+	if (strict) {
+		if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(sha1);
+			if (blob)
+				blob->object.flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
+			else
+				die("invalid blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		} else {
+			struct object *obj;
+			int eaten;
+			void *buf = (void *) data;
+
+			/*
+			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
+			 * buf is deleted by the caller.
+			 */
+			obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+			if (!obj)
+				die("invalid %s", typename(type));
+			if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+				die("Error in object");
+			if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_link, NULL))
+				die("Not all child objects of %s are reachable", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+
+			if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+				struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
+				item->buffer = NULL;
+			}
+			if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+				struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
+				commit->buffer = NULL;
+			}
+			obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void *get_base_data(struct base_data *c)
+{
+	if (!c->data) {
+		struct object_entry *obj = c->obj;
+
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || obj->type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+			void *base = get_base_data(c->base);
+			void *raw = get_data_from_pack(obj);
+			c->data = patch_delta(
+				base, c->base->size,
+				raw, obj->size,
+				&c->size);
+			free(raw);
+			if (!c->data)
+				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "failed to apply delta");
+		} else {
+			c->data = get_data_from_pack(obj);
+			c->size = obj->size;
+		}
+
+		base_cache_used += c->size;
+		prune_base_data(c);
+	}
+	return c->data;
+}
+
+static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry *delta_obj,
+			  struct base_data *base, struct base_data *result)
+{
+	void *base_data, *delta_data;
+
+	delta_obj->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
+	delta_data = get_data_from_pack(delta_obj);
+	base_data = get_base_data(base);
+	result->obj = delta_obj;
+	result->data = patch_delta(base_data, base->size,
+				   delta_data, delta_obj->size, &result->size);
+	free(delta_data);
+	if (!result->data)
+		bad_object(delta_obj->idx.offset, "failed to apply delta");
+	sha1_object(result->data, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
+		    delta_obj->idx.sha1);
+	nr_resolved_deltas++;
+}
+
+static void find_unresolved_deltas(struct base_data *base,
+				   struct base_data *prev_base)
+{
+	int i, ref_first, ref_last, ofs_first, ofs_last;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is a recursive function. Those brackets should help reducing
+	 * stack usage by limiting the scope of the delta_base union.
+	 */
+	{
+		union delta_base base_spec;
+
+		hashcpy(base_spec.sha1, base->obj->idx.sha1);
+		find_delta_children(&base_spec, &ref_first, &ref_last);
+
+		memset(&base_spec, 0, sizeof(base_spec));
+		base_spec.offset = base->obj->idx.offset;
+		find_delta_children(&base_spec, &ofs_first, &ofs_last);
+	}
+
+	if (ref_last == -1 && ofs_last == -1) {
+		free(base->data);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	link_base_data(prev_base, base);
+
+	for (i = ref_first; i <= ref_last; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *child = objects + deltas[i].obj_no;
+		if (child->real_type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			struct base_data result;
+			resolve_delta(child, base, &result);
+			if (i == ref_last && ofs_last == -1)
+				free_base_data(base);
+			find_unresolved_deltas(&result, base);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = ofs_first; i <= ofs_last; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *child = objects + deltas[i].obj_no;
+		if (child->real_type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+			struct base_data result;
+			resolve_delta(child, base, &result);
+			if (i == ofs_last)
+				free_base_data(base);
+			find_unresolved_deltas(&result, base);
+		}
+	}
+
+	unlink_base_data(base);
+}
+
+static int compare_delta_entry(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct delta_entry *delta_a = a;
+	const struct delta_entry *delta_b = b;
+	return memcmp(&delta_a->base, &delta_b->base, UNION_BASE_SZ);
+}
+
+/* Parse all objects and return the pack content SHA1 hash */
+static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct delta_entry *delta = deltas;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	/*
+	 * First pass:
+	 * - find locations of all objects;
+	 * - calculate SHA1 of all non-delta objects;
+	 * - remember base (SHA1 or offset) for all deltas.
+	 */
+	if (verbose)
+		progress = start_progress(
+				from_stdin ? "Receiving objects" : "Indexing objects",
+				nr_objects);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
+		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &delta->base);
+		obj->real_type = obj->type;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || obj->type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+			nr_deltas++;
+			delta->obj_no = i;
+			delta++;
+		} else
+			sha1_object(data, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+		free(data);
+		display_progress(progress, i+1);
+	}
+	objects[i].idx.offset = consumed_bytes;
+	stop_progress(&progress);
+
+	/* Check pack integrity */
+	flush();
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &input_ctx);
+	if (hashcmp(fill(20), sha1))
+		die("pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)");
+	use(20);
+
+	/* If input_fd is a file, we should have reached its end now. */
+	if (fstat(input_fd, &st))
+		die_errno("cannot fstat packfile");
+	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
+			lseek(input_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) - input_len != st.st_size)
+		die("pack has junk at the end");
+
+	if (!nr_deltas)
+		return;
+
+	/* Sort deltas by base SHA1/offset for fast searching */
+	qsort(deltas, nr_deltas, sizeof(struct delta_entry),
+	      compare_delta_entry);
+
+	/*
+	 * Second pass:
+	 * - for all non-delta objects, look if it is used as a base for
+	 *   deltas;
+	 * - if used as a base, uncompress the object and apply all deltas,
+	 *   recursively checking if the resulting object is used as a base
+	 *   for some more deltas.
+	 */
+	if (verbose)
+		progress = start_progress("Resolving deltas", nr_deltas);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
+		struct base_data base_obj;
+
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || obj->type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
+			continue;
+		base_obj.obj = obj;
+		base_obj.data = NULL;
+		find_unresolved_deltas(&base_obj, NULL);
+		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+	}
+}
+
+static int write_compressed(struct sha1file *f, void *in, unsigned int size)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	unsigned long maxsize;
+	void *out;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
+	maxsize = deflateBound(&stream, size);
+	out = xmalloc(maxsize);
+
+	/* Compress it */
+	stream.next_in = in;
+	stream.avail_in = size;
+	stream.next_out = out;
+	stream.avail_out = maxsize;
+	while (deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK);
+	deflateEnd(&stream);
+
+	size = stream.total_out;
+	sha1write(f, out, size);
+	free(out);
+	return size;
+}
+
+static struct object_entry *append_obj_to_pack(struct sha1file *f,
+			       const unsigned char *sha1, void *buf,
+			       unsigned long size, enum object_type type)
+{
+	struct object_entry *obj = &objects[nr_objects++];
+	unsigned char header[10];
+	unsigned long s = size;
+	int n = 0;
+	unsigned char c = (type << 4) | (s & 15);
+	s >>= 4;
+	while (s) {
+		header[n++] = c | 0x80;
+		c = s & 0x7f;
+		s >>= 7;
+	}
+	header[n++] = c;
+	crc32_begin(f);
+	sha1write(f, header, n);
+	obj[0].size = size;
+	obj[0].hdr_size = n;
+	obj[0].type = type;
+	obj[0].real_type = type;
+	obj[1].idx.offset = obj[0].idx.offset + n;
+	obj[1].idx.offset += write_compressed(f, buf, size);
+	obj[0].idx.crc32 = crc32_end(f);
+	sha1flush(f);
+	hashcpy(obj->idx.sha1, sha1);
+	return obj;
+}
+
+static int delta_pos_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	struct delta_entry *a = *(struct delta_entry **)_a;
+	struct delta_entry *b = *(struct delta_entry **)_b;
+	return a->obj_no - b->obj_no;
+}
+
+static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f, int nr_unresolved)
+{
+	struct delta_entry **sorted_by_pos;
+	int i, n = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since many unresolved deltas may well be themselves base objects
+	 * for more unresolved deltas, we really want to include the
+	 * smallest number of base objects that would cover as much delta
+	 * as possible by picking the
+	 * trunc deltas first, allowing for other deltas to resolve without
+	 * additional base objects.  Since most base objects are to be found
+	 * before deltas depending on them, a good heuristic is to start
+	 * resolving deltas in the same order as their position in the pack.
+	 */
+	sorted_by_pos = xmalloc(nr_unresolved * sizeof(*sorted_by_pos));
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_deltas; i++) {
+		if (objects[deltas[i].obj_no].real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			continue;
+		sorted_by_pos[n++] = &deltas[i];
+	}
+	qsort(sorted_by_pos, n, sizeof(*sorted_by_pos), delta_pos_compare);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct delta_entry *d = sorted_by_pos[i];
+		enum object_type type;
+		struct base_data base_obj;
+
+		if (objects[d->obj_no].real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			continue;
+		base_obj.data = read_sha1_file(d->base.sha1, &type, &base_obj.size);
+		if (!base_obj.data)
+			continue;
+
+		if (check_sha1_signature(d->base.sha1, base_obj.data,
+				base_obj.size, typename(type)))
+			die("local object %s is corrupt", sha1_to_hex(d->base.sha1));
+		base_obj.obj = append_obj_to_pack(f, d->base.sha1,
+					base_obj.data, base_obj.size, type);
+		find_unresolved_deltas(&base_obj, NULL);
+		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+	}
+	free(sorted_by_pos);
+}
+
+static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
+		  const char *final_index_name, const char *curr_index_name,
+		  const char *keep_name, const char *keep_msg,
+		  unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *report = "pack";
+	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	int err;
+
+	if (!from_stdin) {
+		close(input_fd);
+	} else {
+		fsync_or_die(output_fd, curr_pack_name);
+		err = close(output_fd);
+		if (err)
+			die_errno("error while closing pack file");
+	}
+
+	if (keep_msg) {
+		int keep_fd, keep_msg_len = strlen(keep_msg);
+
+		if (!keep_name)
+			keep_fd = odb_pack_keep(name, sizeof(name), sha1);
+		else
+			keep_fd = open(keep_name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
+
+		if (keep_fd < 0) {
+			if (errno != EEXIST)
+				die_errno("cannot write keep file '%s'",
+					  keep_name);
+		} else {
+			if (keep_msg_len > 0) {
+				write_or_die(keep_fd, keep_msg, keep_msg_len);
+				write_or_die(keep_fd, "\n", 1);
+			}
+			if (close(keep_fd) != 0)
+				die_errno("cannot close written keep file '%s'",
+				    keep_name);
+			report = "keep";
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (final_pack_name != curr_pack_name) {
+		if (!final_pack_name) {
+			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.pack",
+				 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			final_pack_name = name;
+		}
+		if (move_temp_to_file(curr_pack_name, final_pack_name))
+			die("cannot store pack file");
+	} else if (from_stdin)
+		chmod(final_pack_name, 0444);
+
+	if (final_index_name != curr_index_name) {
+		if (!final_index_name) {
+			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.idx",
+				 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			final_index_name = name;
+		}
+		if (move_temp_to_file(curr_index_name, final_index_name))
+			die("cannot store index file");
+	} else
+		chmod(final_index_name, 0444);
+
+	if (!from_stdin) {
+		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else {
+		char buf[48];
+		int len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s\t%s\n",
+				   report, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		write_or_die(1, buf, len);
+
+		/*
+		 * Let's just mimic git-unpack-objects here and write
+		 * the last part of the input buffer to stdout.
+		 */
+		while (input_len) {
+			err = xwrite(1, input_buffer + input_offset, input_len);
+			if (err <= 0)
+				break;
+			input_len -= err;
+			input_offset += err;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int git_index_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
+		pack_idx_default_version = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (pack_idx_default_version > 2)
+			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32,
+				pack_idx_default_version);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0;
+	const char *curr_pack, *curr_index;
+	const char *index_name = NULL, *pack_name = NULL;
+	const char *keep_name = NULL, *keep_msg = NULL;
+	char *index_name_buf = NULL, *keep_name_buf = NULL;
+	struct pack_idx_entry **idx_objects;
+	unsigned char pack_sha1[20];
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(index_pack_usage);
+
+	/*
+	 * We wish to read the repository's config file if any, and
+	 * for that it is necessary to call setup_git_directory_gently().
+	 * However if the cwd was inside .git/objects/pack/ then we need
+	 * to go back there or all the pack name arguments will be wrong.
+	 * And in that case we cannot rely on any prefix returned by
+	 * setup_git_directory_gently() either.
+	 */
+	{
+		char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
+		int nongit;
+
+		if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
+			die("Unable to get current working directory");
+		setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+		git_config(git_index_pack_config, NULL);
+		if (chdir(cwd))
+			die("Cannot come back to cwd");
+	}
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stdin")) {
+				from_stdin = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fix-thin")) {
+				fix_thin_pack = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
+				strict = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep")) {
+				keep_msg = "";
+			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--keep=")) {
+				keep_msg = arg + 7;
+			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
+				struct pack_header *hdr;
+				char *c;
+
+				hdr = (struct pack_header *)input_buffer;
+				hdr->hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
+				hdr->hdr_version = htonl(strtoul(arg + 14, &c, 10));
+				if (*c != ',')
+					die("bad %s", arg);
+				hdr->hdr_entries = htonl(strtoul(c + 1, &c, 10));
+				if (*c)
+					die("bad %s", arg);
+				input_len = sizeof(*hdr);
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-v")) {
+				verbose = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-o")) {
+				if (index_name || (i+1) >= argc)
+					usage(index_pack_usage);
+				index_name = argv[++i];
+			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--index-version=")) {
+				char *c;
+				pack_idx_default_version = strtoul(arg + 16, &c, 10);
+				if (pack_idx_default_version > 2)
+					die("bad %s", arg);
+				if (*c == ',')
+					pack_idx_off32_limit = strtoul(c+1, &c, 0);
+				if (*c || pack_idx_off32_limit & 0x80000000)
+					die("bad %s", arg);
+			} else
+				usage(index_pack_usage);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (pack_name)
+			usage(index_pack_usage);
+		pack_name = arg;
+	}
+
+	if (!pack_name && !from_stdin)
+		usage(index_pack_usage);
+	if (fix_thin_pack && !from_stdin)
+		die("--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin");
+	if (!index_name && pack_name) {
+		int len = strlen(pack_name);
+		if (!has_extension(pack_name, ".pack"))
+			die("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'",
+			    pack_name);
+		index_name_buf = xmalloc(len);
+		memcpy(index_name_buf, pack_name, len - 5);
+		strcpy(index_name_buf + len - 5, ".idx");
+		index_name = index_name_buf;
+	}
+	if (keep_msg && !keep_name && pack_name) {
+		int len = strlen(pack_name);
+		if (!has_extension(pack_name, ".pack"))
+			die("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'",
+			    pack_name);
+		keep_name_buf = xmalloc(len);
+		memcpy(keep_name_buf, pack_name, len - 5);
+		strcpy(keep_name_buf + len - 5, ".keep");
+		keep_name = keep_name_buf;
+	}
+
+	curr_pack = open_pack_file(pack_name);
+	parse_pack_header();
+	objects = xmalloc((nr_objects + 1) * sizeof(struct object_entry));
+	deltas = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(struct delta_entry));
+	parse_pack_objects(pack_sha1);
+	if (nr_deltas == nr_resolved_deltas) {
+		stop_progress(&progress);
+		/* Flush remaining pack final 20-byte SHA1. */
+		flush();
+	} else {
+		if (fix_thin_pack) {
+			struct sha1file *f;
+			unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
+			char msg[48];
+			int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
+			int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
+			if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
+				die("confusion beyond insanity");
+			objects = xrealloc(objects,
+					   (nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1)
+					   * sizeof(*objects));
+			f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
+			fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
+			sprintf(msg, "completed with %d local objects",
+				nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
+			stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg);
+			sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
+			hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
+			fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
+						 curr_pack, nr_objects,
+						 read_sha1, consumed_bytes-20);
+			if (hashcmp(read_sha1, tail_sha1) != 0)
+				die("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
+				    "(disk corruption?)", curr_pack);
+		}
+		if (nr_deltas != nr_resolved_deltas)
+			die("pack has %d unresolved deltas",
+			    nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas);
+	}
+	free(deltas);
+	if (strict)
+		check_objects();
+
+	idx_objects = xmalloc((nr_objects) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry *));
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
+		idx_objects[i] = &objects[i].idx;
+	curr_index = write_idx_file(index_name, idx_objects, nr_objects, pack_sha1);
+	free(idx_objects);
+
+	final(pack_name, curr_pack,
+		index_name, curr_index,
+		keep_name, keep_msg,
+		pack_sha1);
+	free(objects);
+	free(index_name_buf);
+	free(keep_name_buf);
+	if (pack_name == NULL)
+		free((void *) curr_pack);
+	if (index_name == NULL)
+		free((void *) curr_index);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-init-db.c b/builtin-init-db.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd84cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-init-db.c
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+#ifndef DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR
+#define DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR "/usr/share/git-core/templates"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
+#define TEST_FILEMODE 0
+#else
+#define TEST_FILEMODE 1
+#endif
+
+static int init_is_bare_repository = 0;
+static int init_shared_repository = -1;
+
+static void safe_create_dir(const char *dir, int share)
+{
+	if (mkdir(dir, 0777) < 0) {
+		if (errno != EEXIST) {
+			perror(dir);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	else if (share && adjust_shared_perm(dir))
+		die("Could not make %s writable by group", dir);
+}
+
+static void copy_templates_1(char *path, int baselen,
+			     char *template, int template_baselen,
+			     DIR *dir)
+{
+	struct dirent *de;
+
+	/* Note: if ".git/hooks" file exists in the repository being
+	 * re-initialized, /etc/core-git/templates/hooks/update would
+	 * cause "git init" to fail here.  I think this is sane but
+	 * it means that the set of templates we ship by default, along
+	 * with the way the namespace under .git/ is organized, should
+	 * be really carefully chosen.
+	 */
+	safe_create_dir(path, 1);
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st_git, st_template;
+		int namelen;
+		int exists = 0;
+
+		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+			continue;
+		namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
+		if ((PATH_MAX <= baselen + namelen) ||
+		    (PATH_MAX <= template_baselen + namelen))
+			die("insanely long template name %s", de->d_name);
+		memcpy(path + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
+		memcpy(template + template_baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
+		if (lstat(path, &st_git)) {
+			if (errno != ENOENT)
+				die_errno("cannot stat '%s'", path);
+		}
+		else
+			exists = 1;
+
+		if (lstat(template, &st_template))
+			die_errno("cannot stat template '%s'", template);
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(st_template.st_mode)) {
+			DIR *subdir = opendir(template);
+			int baselen_sub = baselen + namelen;
+			int template_baselen_sub = template_baselen + namelen;
+			if (!subdir)
+				die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", template);
+			path[baselen_sub++] =
+				template[template_baselen_sub++] = '/';
+			path[baselen_sub] =
+				template[template_baselen_sub] = 0;
+			copy_templates_1(path, baselen_sub,
+					 template, template_baselen_sub,
+					 subdir);
+			closedir(subdir);
+		}
+		else if (exists)
+			continue;
+		else if (S_ISLNK(st_template.st_mode)) {
+			char lnk[256];
+			int len;
+			len = readlink(template, lnk, sizeof(lnk));
+			if (len < 0)
+				die_errno("cannot readlink '%s'", template);
+			if (sizeof(lnk) <= len)
+				die("insanely long symlink %s", template);
+			lnk[len] = 0;
+			if (symlink(lnk, path))
+				die_errno("cannot symlink '%s' '%s'", lnk, path);
+		}
+		else if (S_ISREG(st_template.st_mode)) {
+			if (copy_file(path, template, st_template.st_mode))
+				die_errno("cannot copy '%s' to '%s'", template,
+					  path);
+		}
+		else
+			error("ignoring template %s", template);
+	}
+}
+
+static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	char template_path[PATH_MAX];
+	int template_len;
+	DIR *dir;
+	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
+	int len = strlen(git_dir);
+
+	if (!template_dir)
+		template_dir = getenv(TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!template_dir)
+		template_dir = system_path(DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR);
+	if (!template_dir[0])
+		return;
+	template_len = strlen(template_dir);
+	if (PATH_MAX <= (template_len+strlen("/config")))
+		die("insanely long template path %s", template_dir);
+	strcpy(template_path, template_dir);
+	if (template_path[template_len-1] != '/') {
+		template_path[template_len++] = '/';
+		template_path[template_len] = 0;
+	}
+	dir = opendir(template_path);
+	if (!dir) {
+		warning("templates not found %s", template_dir);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure that template is from the correct vintage */
+	strcpy(template_path + template_len, "config");
+	repository_format_version = 0;
+	git_config_from_file(check_repository_format_version,
+			     template_path, NULL);
+	template_path[template_len] = 0;
+
+	if (repository_format_version &&
+	    repository_format_version != GIT_REPO_VERSION) {
+		warning("not copying templates of "
+			"a wrong format version %d from '%s'",
+			repository_format_version,
+			template_dir);
+		closedir(dir);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(path, git_dir, len);
+	if (len && path[len - 1] != '/')
+		path[len++] = '/';
+	path[len] = 0;
+	copy_templates_1(path, len,
+			 template_path, template_len,
+			 dir);
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
+{
+	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
+	unsigned len = strlen(git_dir);
+	static char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st1;
+	char repo_version_string[10];
+	char junk[2];
+	int reinit;
+	int filemode;
+
+	if (len > sizeof(path)-50)
+		die("insane git directory %s", git_dir);
+	memcpy(path, git_dir, len);
+
+	if (len && path[len-1] != '/')
+		path[len++] = '/';
+
+	/*
+	 * Create .git/refs/{heads,tags}
+	 */
+	safe_create_dir(git_path("refs"), 1);
+	safe_create_dir(git_path("refs/heads"), 1);
+	safe_create_dir(git_path("refs/tags"), 1);
+
+	/* First copy the templates -- we might have the default
+	 * config file there, in which case we would want to read
+	 * from it after installing.
+	 */
+	copy_templates(template_path);
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	is_bare_repository_cfg = init_is_bare_repository;
+
+	/* reading existing config may have overwrote it */
+	if (init_shared_repository != -1)
+		shared_repository = init_shared_repository;
+
+	/*
+	 * We would have created the above under user's umask -- under
+	 * shared-repository settings, we would need to fix them up.
+	 */
+	if (shared_repository) {
+		adjust_shared_perm(get_git_dir());
+		adjust_shared_perm(git_path("refs"));
+		adjust_shared_perm(git_path("refs/heads"));
+		adjust_shared_perm(git_path("refs/tags"));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Create the default symlink from ".git/HEAD" to the "master"
+	 * branch, if it does not exist yet.
+	 */
+	strcpy(path + len, "HEAD");
+	reinit = (!access(path, R_OK)
+		  || readlink(path, junk, sizeof(junk)-1) != -1);
+	if (!reinit) {
+		if (create_symref("HEAD", "refs/heads/master", NULL) < 0)
+			exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* This forces creation of new config file */
+	sprintf(repo_version_string, "%d", GIT_REPO_VERSION);
+	git_config_set("core.repositoryformatversion", repo_version_string);
+
+	path[len] = 0;
+	strcpy(path + len, "config");
+
+	/* Check filemode trustability */
+	filemode = TEST_FILEMODE;
+	if (TEST_FILEMODE && !lstat(path, &st1)) {
+		struct stat st2;
+		filemode = (!chmod(path, st1.st_mode ^ S_IXUSR) &&
+				!lstat(path, &st2) &&
+				st1.st_mode != st2.st_mode);
+	}
+	git_config_set("core.filemode", filemode ? "true" : "false");
+
+	if (is_bare_repository())
+		git_config_set("core.bare", "true");
+	else {
+		const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+		git_config_set("core.bare", "false");
+		/* allow template config file to override the default */
+		if (log_all_ref_updates == -1)
+		    git_config_set("core.logallrefupdates", "true");
+		if (prefixcmp(git_dir, work_tree) ||
+		    strcmp(git_dir + strlen(work_tree), "/.git")) {
+			git_config_set("core.worktree", work_tree);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!reinit) {
+		/* Check if symlink is supported in the work tree */
+		path[len] = 0;
+		strcpy(path + len, "tXXXXXX");
+		if (!close(xmkstemp(path)) &&
+		    !unlink(path) &&
+		    !symlink("testing", path) &&
+		    !lstat(path, &st1) &&
+		    S_ISLNK(st1.st_mode))
+			unlink(path); /* good */
+		else
+			git_config_set("core.symlinks", "false");
+
+		/* Check if the filesystem is case-insensitive */
+		path[len] = 0;
+		strcpy(path + len, "CoNfIg");
+		if (!access(path, F_OK))
+			git_config_set("core.ignorecase", "true");
+	}
+
+	return reinit;
+}
+
+int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	const char *sha1_dir;
+	char *path;
+	int len, reinit;
+
+	safe_create_dir(get_git_dir(), 0);
+
+	init_is_bare_repository = is_bare_repository();
+
+	/* Check to see if the repository version is right.
+	 * Note that a newly created repository does not have
+	 * config file, so this will not fail.  What we are catching
+	 * is an attempt to reinitialize new repository with an old tool.
+	 */
+	check_repository_format();
+
+	reinit = create_default_files(template_dir);
+
+	sha1_dir = get_object_directory();
+	len = strlen(sha1_dir);
+	path = xmalloc(len + 40);
+	memcpy(path, sha1_dir, len);
+
+	safe_create_dir(sha1_dir, 1);
+	strcpy(path+len, "/pack");
+	safe_create_dir(path, 1);
+	strcpy(path+len, "/info");
+	safe_create_dir(path, 1);
+
+	if (shared_repository) {
+		char buf[10];
+		/* We do not spell "group" and such, so that
+		 * the configuration can be read by older version
+		 * of git. Note, we use octal numbers for new share modes,
+		 * and compatibility values for PERM_GROUP and
+		 * PERM_EVERYBODY.
+		 */
+		if (shared_repository < 0)
+			/* force to the mode value */
+			sprintf(buf, "0%o", -shared_repository);
+		else if (shared_repository == PERM_GROUP)
+			sprintf(buf, "%d", OLD_PERM_GROUP);
+		else if (shared_repository == PERM_EVERYBODY)
+			sprintf(buf, "%d", OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY);
+		else
+			die("oops");
+		git_config_set("core.sharedrepository", buf);
+		git_config_set("receive.denyNonFastforwards", "true");
+	}
+
+	if (!(flags & INIT_DB_QUIET))
+		printf("%s%s Git repository in %s/\n",
+		       reinit ? "Reinitialized existing" : "Initialized empty",
+		       shared_repository ? " shared" : "",
+		       get_git_dir());
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int guess_repository_type(const char *git_dir)
+{
+	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *slash;
+
+	/*
+	 * "GIT_DIR=. git init" is always bare.
+	 * "GIT_DIR=`pwd` git init" too.
+	 */
+	if (!strcmp(".", git_dir))
+		return 1;
+	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
+		die_errno("cannot tell cwd");
+	if (!strcmp(git_dir, cwd))
+		return 1;
+	/*
+	 * "GIT_DIR=.git or GIT_DIR=something/.git is usually not.
+	 */
+	if (!strcmp(git_dir, ".git"))
+		return 0;
+	slash = strrchr(git_dir, '/');
+	if (slash && !strcmp(slash, "/.git"))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise it is often bare.  At this point
+	 * we are just guessing.
+	 */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int shared_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	*((int *) opt->value) = (arg) ? git_config_perm("arg", arg) : PERM_GROUP;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const init_db_usage[] = {
+	"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+/*
+ * If you want to, you can share the DB area with any number of branches.
+ * That has advantages: you can save space by sharing all the SHA1 objects.
+ * On the other hand, it might just make lookup slower and messier. You
+ * be the judge.  The default case is to have one DB per managed directory.
+ */
+int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *git_dir;
+	const char *template_dir = NULL;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
+	const struct option init_db_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, "template-directory",
+				"provide the directory from which templates will be used"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "bare", &is_bare_repository_cfg,
+				"create a bare repository", 1),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "shared", &init_shared_repository,
+			"permissions",
+			"specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users",
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, shared_callback, 0},
+		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, "be quiet", INIT_DB_QUIET),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, init_db_options, init_db_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		int mkdir_tried = 0;
+	retry:
+		if (chdir(argv[0]) < 0) {
+			if (!mkdir_tried) {
+				int saved;
+				/*
+				 * At this point we haven't read any configuration,
+				 * and we know shared_repository should always be 0;
+				 * but just in case we play safe.
+				 */
+				saved = shared_repository;
+				shared_repository = 0;
+				switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(argv[0])) {
+				case -3:
+					errno = EEXIST;
+					/* fallthru */
+				case -1:
+					die_errno("cannot mkdir %s", argv[0]);
+					break;
+				default:
+					break;
+				}
+				shared_repository = saved;
+				if (mkdir(argv[0], 0777) < 0)
+					die_errno("cannot mkdir %s", argv[0]);
+				mkdir_tried = 1;
+				goto retry;
+			}
+			die_errno("cannot chdir to %s", argv[0]);
+		}
+	} else if (0 < argc) {
+		usage(init_db_usage[0]);
+	}
+	if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) {
+		static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+			getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+	}
+
+	if (init_shared_repository != -1)
+		shared_repository = init_shared_repository;
+
+	/*
+	 * GIT_WORK_TREE makes sense only in conjunction with GIT_DIR
+	 * without --bare.  Catch the error early.
+	 */
+	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if ((!git_dir || is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
+	    && getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
+		die("%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without "
+		    "specifying %s (or --git-dir=<directory>)",
+		    GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+		    GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up the default .git directory contents
+	 */
+	if (!git_dir)
+		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+
+	if (is_bare_repository_cfg < 0)
+		is_bare_repository_cfg = guess_repository_type(git_dir);
+
+	if (!is_bare_repository_cfg) {
+		if (git_dir) {
+			const char *git_dir_parent = strrchr(git_dir, '/');
+			if (git_dir_parent) {
+				char *rel = xstrndup(git_dir, git_dir_parent - git_dir);
+				git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(rel));
+				free(rel);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!git_work_tree_cfg) {
+			git_work_tree_cfg = xcalloc(PATH_MAX, 1);
+			if (!getcwd(git_work_tree_cfg, PATH_MAX))
+				die_errno ("Cannot access current working directory");
+		}
+		if (access(get_git_work_tree(), X_OK))
+			die_errno ("Cannot access work tree '%s'",
+				   get_git_work_tree());
+	}
+
+	set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(git_dir));
+
+	return init_db(template_dir, flags);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-log.c b/builtin-log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d16832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1352 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git log" and related commands (show, whatchanged)
+ *
+ * (C) Copyright 2006 Linus Torvalds
+ *		 2006 Junio Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "reflog-walk.h"
+#include "patch-ids.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "shortlog.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+/* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
+static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;
+
+static int default_show_root = 1;
+static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
+static const char *fmt_pretty;
+
+static const char * const builtin_log_usage =
+	"git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
+	"   or: git show [options] <object>...";
+
+static void cmd_log_init(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		      struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i;
+	int decoration_style = 0;
+
+	rev->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	rev->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
+	if (fmt_pretty)
+		get_commit_format(fmt_pretty, rev);
+	rev->verbose_header = 1;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	rev->show_root_diff = default_show_root;
+	rev->subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+
+	if (default_date_mode)
+		rev->date_mode = parse_date_format(default_date_mode);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for -h before setup_revisions(), or "git log -h" will
+	 * fail when run without a git directory.
+	 */
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(builtin_log_usage);
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, "HEAD");
+
+	if (!rev->show_notes_given && !rev->pretty_given)
+		rev->show_notes = 1;
+
+	if (rev->diffopt.pickaxe || rev->diffopt.filter)
+		rev->always_show_header = 0;
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES)) {
+		rev->always_show_header = 0;
+		if (rev->diffopt.nr_paths != 1)
+			usage("git logs can only follow renames on one pathname at a time");
+	}
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--decorate")) {
+			decoration_style = DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--decorate=")) {
+			const char *v = skip_prefix(arg, "--decorate=");
+			if (!strcmp(v, "full"))
+				decoration_style = DECORATE_FULL_REFS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "short"))
+				decoration_style = DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
+			else
+				die("invalid --decorate option: %s", arg);
+		} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--source")) {
+			rev->show_source = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-h")) {
+			usage(builtin_log_usage);
+		} else
+			die("unrecognized argument: %s", arg);
+	}
+	if (decoration_style) {
+		rev->show_decorations = 1;
+		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * This gives a rough estimate for how many commits we
+ * will print out in the list.
+ */
+static int estimate_commit_count(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	int n = 0;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		unsigned int flags = commit->object.flags;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (!(flags & (TREESAME | UNINTERESTING)))
+			n++;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+static void show_early_header(struct rev_info *rev, const char *stage, int nr)
+{
+	if (rev->shown_one) {
+		rev->shown_one = 0;
+		if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+			putchar(rev->diffopt.line_termination);
+	}
+	printf("Final output: %d %s\n", nr, stage);
+}
+
+static struct itimerval early_output_timer;
+
+static void log_show_early(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	int i = revs->early_output;
+	int show_header = 1;
+
+	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->lifo);
+	while (list && i) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
+		case commit_show:
+			if (show_header) {
+				int n = estimate_commit_count(revs, list);
+				show_early_header(revs, "incomplete", n);
+				show_header = 0;
+			}
+			log_tree_commit(revs, commit);
+			i--;
+			break;
+		case commit_ignore:
+			break;
+		case commit_error:
+			return;
+		}
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+
+	/* Did we already get enough commits for the early output? */
+	if (!i)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * ..if no, then repeat it twice a second until we
+	 * do.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE! We don't use "it_interval", because if the
+	 * reader isn't listening, we want our output to be
+	 * throttled by the writing, and not have the timer
+	 * trigger every second even if we're blocked on a
+	 * reader!
+	 */
+	early_output_timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
+	early_output_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 500000;
+	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &early_output_timer, NULL);
+}
+
+static void early_output(int signal)
+{
+	show_early_output = log_show_early;
+}
+
+static void setup_early_output(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct sigaction sa;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up the signal handler, minimally intrusively:
+	 * we only set a single volatile integer word (not
+	 * using sigatomic_t - trying to avoid unnecessary
+	 * system dependencies and headers), and using
+	 * SA_RESTART.
+	 */
+	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+	sa.sa_handler = early_output;
+	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+	sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we can get the whole output in less than a
+	 * tenth of a second, don't even bother doing the
+	 * early-output thing..
+	 *
+	 * This is a one-time-only trigger.
+	 */
+	early_output_timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
+	early_output_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 100000;
+	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &early_output_timer, NULL);
+}
+
+static void finish_early_output(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int n = estimate_commit_count(rev, rev->commits);
+	signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
+	show_early_header(rev, "done", n);
+}
+
+static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (rev->early_output)
+		setup_early_output(rev);
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	if (rev->early_output)
+		finish_early_output(rev);
+
+	/*
+	 * For --check and --exit-code, the exit code is based on CHECK_FAILED
+	 * and HAS_CHANGES being accumulated in rev->diffopt, so be careful to
+	 * retain that state information if replacing rev->diffopt in this loop
+	 */
+	while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
+		log_tree_commit(rev, commit);
+		if (!rev->reflog_info) {
+			/* we allow cycles in reflog ancestry */
+			free(commit->buffer);
+			commit->buffer = NULL;
+		}
+		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
+		commit->parents = NULL;
+	}
+	if (rev->diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF &&
+	    DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, CHECK_FAILED)) {
+		return 02;
+	}
+	return diff_result_code(&rev->diffopt, 0);
+}
+
+static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.pretty"))
+		return git_config_string(&fmt_pretty, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.subjectprefix"))
+		return git_config_string(&fmt_patch_subject_prefix, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.date"))
+		return git_config_string(&default_date_mode, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.showroot")) {
+		default_show_root = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
+
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	rev.diff = 1;
+	rev.simplify_history = 0;
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
+	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
+		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+}
+
+static void show_tagger(char *buf, int len, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	pp_user_info("Tagger", rev->commit_format, &out, buf, rev->date_mode,
+		git_log_output_encoding ?
+		git_log_output_encoding: git_commit_encoding);
+	printf("%s", out.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&out);
+}
+
+static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
+	struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	int offset = 0;
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("Could not read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (show_tag_object)
+		while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
+			int new_offset = offset + 1;
+			while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
+				; /* do nothing */
+			if (!prefixcmp(buf + offset, "tagger "))
+				show_tagger(buf + offset + 7,
+					    new_offset - offset - 7, rev);
+			offset = new_offset;
+		}
+
+	if (offset < size)
+		fwrite(buf + offset, size - offset, 1, stdout);
+	free(buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_tree_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		const char *base, int baselen,
+		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	printf("%s%s\n", pathname, S_ISDIR(mode) ? "/" : "");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects;
+	int i, count, ret = 0;
+
+	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
+
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	rev.diff = 1;
+	rev.combine_merges = 1;
+	rev.dense_combined_merges = 1;
+	rev.always_show_header = 1;
+	rev.ignore_merges = 0;
+	rev.no_walk = 1;
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
+
+	count = rev.pending.nr;
+	objects = rev.pending.objects;
+	for (i = 0; i < count && !ret; i++) {
+		struct object *o = objects[i].item;
+		const char *name = objects[i].name;
+		switch (o->type) {
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			ret = show_object(o->sha1, 0, NULL);
+			break;
+		case OBJ_TAG: {
+			struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;
+
+			if (rev.shown_one)
+				putchar('\n');
+			printf("%stag %s%s\n",
+					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
+					t->tag,
+					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
+			ret = show_object(o->sha1, 1, &rev);
+			rev.shown_one = 1;
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+			o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+			if (!o)
+				ret = error("Could not read object %s",
+					    sha1_to_hex(t->tagged->sha1));
+			objects[i].item = o;
+			i--;
+			break;
+		}
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+			if (rev.shown_one)
+				putchar('\n');
+			printf("%stree %s%s\n\n",
+					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
+					name,
+					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
+			read_tree_recursive((struct tree *)o, "", 0, 0, NULL,
+					show_tree_object, NULL);
+			rev.shown_one = 1;
+			break;
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			rev.pending.nr = rev.pending.alloc = 0;
+			rev.pending.objects = NULL;
+			add_object_array(o, name, &rev.pending);
+			ret = cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+			break;
+		default:
+			ret = error("Unknown type: %d", o->type);
+		}
+	}
+	free(objects);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is equivalent to "git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline"
+ */
+int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
+
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	init_reflog_walk(&rev.reflog_info);
+	rev.abbrev_commit = 1;
+	rev.verbose_header = 1;
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
+
+	/*
+	 * This means that we override whatever commit format the user gave
+	 * on the cmd line.  Sad, but cmd_log_init() currently doesn't
+	 * allow us to set a different default.
+	 */
+	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_ONELINE;
+	rev.use_terminator = 1;
+	rev.always_show_header = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * We get called through "git reflog", so unlike the other log
+	 * routines, we need to set up our pager manually..
+	 */
+	setup_pager();
+
+	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+}
+
+int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
+
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	rev.always_show_header = 1;
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
+	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+}
+
+/* format-patch */
+
+static const char *fmt_patch_suffix = ".patch";
+static int numbered = 0;
+static int auto_number = 1;
+
+static char *default_attach = NULL;
+
+static char **extra_hdr;
+static int extra_hdr_nr;
+static int extra_hdr_alloc;
+
+static char **extra_to;
+static int extra_to_nr;
+static int extra_to_alloc;
+
+static char **extra_cc;
+static int extra_cc_nr;
+static int extra_cc_alloc;
+
+static void add_header(const char *value)
+{
+	int len = strlen(value);
+	while (len && value[len - 1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+	if (!strncasecmp(value, "to: ", 4)) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(extra_to, extra_to_nr + 1, extra_to_alloc);
+		extra_to[extra_to_nr++] = xstrndup(value + 4, len - 4);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!strncasecmp(value, "cc: ", 4)) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(extra_cc, extra_cc_nr + 1, extra_cc_alloc);
+		extra_cc[extra_cc_nr++] = xstrndup(value + 4, len - 4);
+		return;
+	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(extra_hdr, extra_hdr_nr + 1, extra_hdr_alloc);
+	extra_hdr[extra_hdr_nr++] = xstrndup(value, len);
+}
+
+#define THREAD_SHALLOW 1
+#define THREAD_DEEP 2
+static int thread = 0;
+static int do_signoff = 0;
+
+static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.headers")) {
+		if (!value)
+			die("format.headers without value");
+		add_header(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.suffix"))
+		return git_config_string(&fmt_patch_suffix, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.cc")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		ALLOC_GROW(extra_cc, extra_cc_nr + 1, extra_cc_alloc);
+		extra_cc[extra_cc_nr++] = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff")) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.numbered")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
+			auto_number = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		numbered = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		auto_number = auto_number && numbered;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.attach")) {
+		if (value && *value)
+			default_attach = xstrdup(value);
+		else
+			default_attach = xstrdup(git_version_string);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.thread")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "deep")) {
+			thread = THREAD_DEEP;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "shallow")) {
+			thread = THREAD_SHALLOW;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		thread = git_config_bool(var, value) && THREAD_SHALLOW;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signoff")) {
+		do_signoff = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static FILE *realstdout = NULL;
+static const char *output_directory = NULL;
+static int outdir_offset;
+
+static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;
+
+	if (output_directory) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
+		if (filename.len >=
+		    PATH_MAX - FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len)
+			return error("name of output directory is too long");
+		if (filename.buf[filename.len - 1] != '/')
+			strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
+	}
+
+	get_patch_filename(commit, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);
+
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, QUICK))
+		fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);
+
+	if (freopen(filename.buf, "w", stdout) == NULL)
+		return error("Cannot open patch file %s", filename.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&filename);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info check_rev;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct object *o1, *o2;
+	unsigned flags1, flags2;
+
+	if (rev->pending.nr != 2)
+		die("Need exactly one range.");
+
+	o1 = rev->pending.objects[0].item;
+	flags1 = o1->flags;
+	o2 = rev->pending.objects[1].item;
+	flags2 = o2->flags;
+
+	if ((flags1 & UNINTERESTING) == (flags2 & UNINTERESTING))
+		die("Not a range.");
+
+	init_patch_ids(ids);
+
+	/* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
+	init_revisions(&check_rev, prefix);
+	o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+	o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+	add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
+	add_pending_object(&check_rev, o2, "o2");
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&check_rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&check_rev)) != NULL) {
+		/* ignore merges */
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+			continue;
+
+		add_commit_patch_id(commit, ids);
+	}
+
+	/* reset for next revision walk */
+	clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o1,
+			SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
+	clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o2,
+			SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
+	o1->flags = flags1;
+	o2->flags = flags2;
+}
+
+static void gen_message_id(struct rev_info *info, char *base)
+{
+	const char *committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
+	const char *email_start = strrchr(committer, '<');
+	const char *email_end = strrchr(committer, '>');
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (!email_start || !email_end || email_start > email_end - 1)
+		die("Could not extract email from committer identity.");
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%lu.git.%.*s", base,
+		    (unsigned long) time(NULL),
+		    (int)(email_end - email_start - 1), email_start + 1);
+	info->message_id = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
+			      int numbered, int numbered_files,
+			      struct commit *origin,
+			      int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head)
+{
+	const char *committer;
+	const char *subject_start = NULL;
+	const char *body = "*** SUBJECT HERE ***\n\n*** BLURB HERE ***\n";
+	const char *msg;
+	const char *extra_headers = rev->extra_headers;
+	struct shortlog log;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i;
+	const char *encoding = "UTF-8";
+	struct diff_options opts;
+	int need_8bit_cte = 0;
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
+		die("Cover letter needs email format");
+
+	committer = git_committer_info(0);
+
+	if (!numbered_files) {
+		/*
+		 * We fake a commit for the cover letter so we get the filename
+		 * desired.
+		 */
+		commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
+		commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
+		snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
+			"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
+			"parent %s\n"
+			"author %s\n"
+			"committer %s\n\n"
+			"cover letter\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1), committer, committer);
+	}
+
+	if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(commit, rev))
+		return;
+
+	if (commit) {
+
+		free(commit->buffer);
+		free(commit);
+	}
+
+	log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &subject_start, &extra_headers,
+				&need_8bit_cte);
+
+	for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++)
+		if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
+			need_8bit_cte = 1;
+
+	msg = body;
+	pp_user_info(NULL, CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &sb, committer, DATE_RFC2822,
+		     encoding);
+	pp_title_line(CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &msg, &sb, subject_start, extra_headers,
+		      encoding, need_8bit_cte);
+	pp_remainder(CMIT_FMT_EMAIL, &msg, &sb, 0);
+	printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	shortlog_init(&log);
+	log.wrap_lines = 1;
+	log.wrap = 72;
+	log.in1 = 2;
+	log.in2 = 4;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+		shortlog_add_commit(&log, list[i]);
+
+	shortlog_output(&log);
+
+	/*
+	 * We can only do diffstat with a unique reference point
+	 */
+	if (!origin)
+		return;
+
+	memcpy(&opts, &rev->diffopt, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+
+	diff_setup_done(&opts);
+
+	diff_tree_sha1(origin->tree->object.sha1,
+		       head->tree->object.sha1,
+		       "", &opts);
+	diffcore_std(&opts);
+	diff_flush(&opts);
+
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static const char *clean_message_id(const char *msg_id)
+{
+	char ch;
+	const char *a, *z, *m;
+
+	m = msg_id;
+	while ((ch = *m) && (isspace(ch) || (ch == '<')))
+		m++;
+	a = m;
+	z = NULL;
+	while ((ch = *m)) {
+		if (!isspace(ch) && (ch != '>'))
+			z = m;
+		m++;
+	}
+	if (!z)
+		die("insane in-reply-to: %s", msg_id);
+	if (++z == m)
+		return a;
+	return xmemdupz(a, z - a);
+}
+
+static const char *set_outdir(const char *prefix, const char *output_directory)
+{
+	if (output_directory && is_absolute_path(output_directory))
+		return output_directory;
+
+	if (!prefix || !*prefix) {
+		if (output_directory)
+			return output_directory;
+		/* The user did not explicitly ask for "./" */
+		outdir_offset = 2;
+		return "./";
+	}
+
+	outdir_offset = strlen(prefix);
+	if (!output_directory)
+		return prefix;
+
+	return xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, outdir_offset,
+				       output_directory));
+}
+
+static const char * const builtin_format_patch_usage[] = {
+	"git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int keep_subject = 0;
+
+static int keep_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->total = -1;
+	keep_subject = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int subject_prefix = 0;
+
+static int subject_prefix_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			    int unset)
+{
+	subject_prefix = 1;
+	((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->subject_prefix = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int numbered_cmdline_opt = 0;
+
+static int numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			     int unset)
+{
+	*(int *)opt->value = numbered_cmdline_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
+	if (unset)
+		auto_number =  0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int no_numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+				int unset)
+{
+	return numbered_callback(opt, arg, 1);
+}
+
+static int output_directory_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			      int unset)
+{
+	const char **dir = (const char **)opt->value;
+	if (*dir)
+		die("Two output directories?");
+	*dir = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int thread_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *thread = (int *)opt->value;
+	if (unset)
+		*thread = 0;
+	else if (!arg || !strcmp(arg, "shallow"))
+		*thread = THREAD_SHALLOW;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "deep"))
+		*thread = THREAD_DEEP;
+	else
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int attach_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct rev_info *rev = (struct rev_info *)opt->value;
+	if (unset)
+		rev->mime_boundary = NULL;
+	else if (arg)
+		rev->mime_boundary = arg;
+	else
+		rev->mime_boundary = git_version_string;
+	rev->no_inline = unset ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int inline_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct rev_info *rev = (struct rev_info *)opt->value;
+	if (unset)
+		rev->mime_boundary = NULL;
+	else if (arg)
+		rev->mime_boundary = arg;
+	else
+		rev->mime_boundary = git_version_string;
+	rev->no_inline = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int header_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	add_header(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(extra_cc, extra_cc_nr + 1, extra_cc_alloc);
+	extra_cc[extra_cc_nr++] = xstrdup(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit **list = NULL;
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	int nr = 0, total, i;
+	int use_stdout = 0;
+	int start_number = -1;
+	int numbered_files = 0;		/* _just_ numbers */
+	int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
+	int cover_letter = 0;
+	int boundary_count = 0;
+	int no_binary_diff = 0;
+	struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
+	const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
+	struct patch_ids ids;
+	char *add_signoff = NULL;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int use_patch_format = 0;
+	const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
+			    "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch",
+			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
+			    "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches",
+			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
+			    "print patches to standard out"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
+			    "generate a cover letter"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
+			    "use simple number sequence for output file names"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, "sfx",
+			    "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
+			    "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, "prefix",
+			    "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]",
+			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'o', "output-directory", &output_directory,
+			    "dir", "store resulting files in <dir>",
+			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, output_directory_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
+			    "don't strip/add [PATCH]",
+			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
+			    "don't output binary diffs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
+			    "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"),
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
+		  "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+		OPT_GROUP("Messaging"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, "header",
+			    "add email header", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			    header_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, "email", "add Cc: header",
+			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, cc_callback },
+		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, "message-id",
+			    "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, "boundary",
+			    "attach the patch", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
+			    attach_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, "boundary",
+			    "inline the patch",
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			    inline_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, "style",
+			    "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep",
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
+	rev.verbose_header = 1;
+	rev.diff = 1;
+	rev.combine_merges = 0;
+	rev.ignore_merges = 1;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+
+	rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
+
+	if (default_attach) {
+		rev.mime_boundary = default_attach;
+		rev.no_inline = 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Parse the arguments before setup_revisions(), or something
+	 * like "git format-patch -o a123 HEAD^.." may fail; a123 is
+	 * possibly a valid SHA1.
+	 */
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_format_patch_options,
+			     builtin_format_patch_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+
+	if (do_signoff) {
+		const char *committer;
+		const char *endpos;
+		committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+		endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
+		if (!endpos)
+			die("bogus committer info %s", committer);
+		add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr_nr; i++) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_hdr[i]);
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+
+	if (extra_to_nr)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "To: ");
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_to_nr; i++) {
+		if (i)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "    ");
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_to[i]);
+		if (i + 1 < extra_to_nr)
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, ',');
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+
+	if (extra_cc_nr)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Cc: ");
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_cc_nr; i++) {
+		if (i)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "    ");
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_cc[i]);
+		if (i + 1 < extra_cc_nr)
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, ',');
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+
+	rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	if (start_number < 0)
+		start_number = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If numbered is set solely due to format.numbered in config,
+	 * and it would conflict with --keep-subject (-k) from the
+	 * command line, reset "numbered".
+	 */
+	if (numbered && keep_subject && !numbered_cmdline_opt)
+		numbered = 0;
+
+	if (numbered && keep_subject)
+		die ("-n and -k are mutually exclusive.");
+	if (keep_subject && subject_prefix)
+		die ("--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive.");
+
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, "HEAD");
+	if (argc > 1)
+		die ("unrecognized argument: %s", argv[1]);
+
+	if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
+		die("--name-only does not make sense");
+	if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
+		die("--name-status does not make sense");
+	if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)
+		die("--check does not make sense");
+
+	if (!use_patch_format &&
+		(!rev.diffopt.output_format ||
+		 rev.diffopt.output_format == DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
+		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
+
+	/* Always generate a patch */
+	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, TEXT) && !no_binary_diff)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, BINARY);
+
+	if (!use_stdout)
+		output_directory = set_outdir(prefix, output_directory);
+
+	if (output_directory) {
+		if (use_stdout)
+			die("standard output, or directory, which one?");
+		if (mkdir(output_directory, 0777) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+			die_errno("Could not create directory '%s'",
+				  output_directory);
+	}
+
+	if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
+		if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
+			/*
+			 * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
+			 * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
+			 * does not have.
+			 */
+			rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			add_head_to_pending(&rev);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
+		 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
+		 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We cannot move this anywhere earlier because we do want to
+	 * know if --root was given explicitly from the comand line.
+	 */
+	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
+
+	if (cover_letter) {
+		/* remember the range */
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
+			if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+				head = (struct commit *)o;
+		}
+		/* We can't generate a cover letter without any patches */
+		if (!head)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore_if_in_upstream)
+		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids, prefix);
+
+	if (!use_stdout)
+		realstdout = xfdopen(xdup(1), "w");
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	rev.boundary = 1;
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
+		if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY) {
+			boundary_count++;
+			origin = (boundary_count == 1) ? commit : NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* ignore merges */
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+			continue;
+
+		if (ignore_if_in_upstream &&
+				has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
+			continue;
+
+		nr++;
+		list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
+		list[nr - 1] = commit;
+	}
+	total = nr;
+	if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
+		numbered = 1;
+	if (numbered)
+		rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
+	if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
+		rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	if (in_reply_to) {
+		const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
+		string_list_append(msgid, rev.ref_message_ids);
+	}
+	rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
+	rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
+	if (cover_letter) {
+		if (thread)
+			gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
+		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
+				  origin, nr, list, head);
+		total++;
+		start_number--;
+	}
+	rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
+	while (0 <= --nr) {
+		int shown;
+		commit = list[nr];
+		rev.nr = total - nr + (start_number - 1);
+		/* Make the second and subsequent mails replies to the first */
+		if (thread) {
+			/* Have we already had a message ID? */
+			if (rev.message_id) {
+				/*
+				 * For deep threading: make every mail
+				 * a reply to the previous one, no
+				 * matter what other options are set.
+				 *
+				 * For shallow threading:
+				 *
+				 * Without --cover-letter and
+				 * --in-reply-to, make every mail a
+				 * reply to the one before.
+				 *
+				 * With --in-reply-to but no
+				 * --cover-letter, make every mail a
+				 * reply to the <reply-to>.
+				 *
+				 * With --cover-letter, make every
+				 * mail but the cover letter a reply
+				 * to the cover letter.  The cover
+				 * letter is a reply to the
+				 * --in-reply-to, if specified.
+				 */
+				if (thread == THREAD_SHALLOW
+				    && rev.ref_message_ids->nr > 0
+				    && (!cover_letter || rev.nr > 1))
+					free(rev.message_id);
+				else
+					string_list_append(rev.message_id,
+							   rev.ref_message_ids);
+			}
+			gen_message_id(&rev, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		}
+
+		if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit,
+						 &rev))
+			die("Failed to create output files");
+		shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
+		free(commit->buffer);
+		commit->buffer = NULL;
+
+		/* We put one extra blank line between formatted
+		 * patches and this flag is used by log-tree code
+		 * to see if it needs to emit a LF before showing
+		 * the log; when using one file per patch, we do
+		 * not want the extra blank line.
+		 */
+		if (!use_stdout)
+			rev.shown_one = 0;
+		if (shown) {
+			if (rev.mime_boundary)
+				printf("\n--%s%s--\n\n\n",
+				       mime_boundary_leader,
+				       rev.mime_boundary);
+			else
+				printf("-- \n%s\n\n", git_version_string);
+		}
+		if (!use_stdout)
+			fclose(stdout);
+	}
+	free(list);
+	if (ignore_if_in_upstream)
+		free_patch_ids(&ids);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) == 0) {
+		struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (commit) {
+			commit->object.flags |= flags;
+			add_pending_object(revs, &commit->object, arg);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char cherry_usage[] =
+"git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]";
+int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct patch_ids ids;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct branch *current_branch;
+	const char *upstream;
+	const char *head = "HEAD";
+	const char *limit = NULL;
+	int verbose = 0;
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-v")) {
+		verbose = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(cherry_usage);
+
+	switch (argc) {
+	case 4:
+		limit = argv[3];
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+	case 3:
+		head = argv[2];
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+	case 2:
+		upstream = argv[1];
+		break;
+	default:
+		current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
+		if (!current_branch || !current_branch->merge
+					|| !current_branch->merge[0]
+					|| !current_branch->merge[0]->dst) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not find a tracked"
+					" remote branch, please"
+					" specify <upstream> manually.\n");
+			usage(cherry_usage);
+		}
+
+		upstream = current_branch->merge[0]->dst;
+	}
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
+	revs.diff = 1;
+	revs.combine_merges = 0;
+	revs.ignore_merges = 1;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+
+	if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
+		die("Unknown commit %s", head);
+	if (add_pending_commit(upstream, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
+		die("Unknown commit %s", upstream);
+
+	/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
+	if (revs.pending.nr == 2) {
+		struct object_array_entry *o = revs.pending.objects;
+		if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids, prefix);
+
+	if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
+		die("Unknown commit %s", limit);
+
+	/* reverse the list of commits */
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
+		/* ignore merges */
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+			continue;
+
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
+	}
+
+	while (list) {
+		char sign = '+';
+
+		commit = list->item;
+		if (has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
+			sign = '-';
+
+		if (verbose) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+			pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit,
+					    &buf, &ctx);
+			printf("%c %s %s\n", sign,
+			       sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), buf.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
+		else {
+			printf("%c %s\n", sign,
+			       sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		}
+
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+
+	free_patch_ids(&ids);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-ls-files.c b/builtin-ls-files.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b065061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-ls-files.c
@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+/*
+ * This merges the file listing in the directory cache index
+ * with the actual working directory list, and shows different
+ * combinations of the two.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int abbrev;
+static int show_deleted;
+static int show_cached;
+static int show_others;
+static int show_stage;
+static int show_unmerged;
+static int show_resolve_undo;
+static int show_modified;
+static int show_killed;
+static int show_valid_bit;
+static int line_terminator = '\n';
+
+static int prefix_len;
+static int prefix_offset;
+static const char **pathspec;
+static int error_unmatch;
+static char *ps_matched;
+static const char *with_tree;
+static int exc_given;
+
+static const char *tag_cached = "";
+static const char *tag_unmerged = "";
+static const char *tag_removed = "";
+static const char *tag_other = "";
+static const char *tag_killed = "";
+static const char *tag_modified = "";
+static const char *tag_skip_worktree = "";
+static const char *tag_resolve_undo = "";
+
+static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
+{
+	int len = prefix_len;
+	int offset = prefix_offset;
+
+	if (len >= ent->len)
+		die("git ls-files: internal error - directory entry not superset of prefix");
+
+	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
+		return;
+
+	fputs(tag, stdout);
+	write_name_quoted(ent->name + offset, stdout, line_terminator);
+}
+
+static void show_other_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir->entries[i];
+		if (!cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len))
+			continue;
+		show_dir_entry(tag_other, ent);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_killed_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir->entries[i];
+		char *cp, *sp;
+		int pos, len, killed = 0;
+
+		for (cp = ent->name; cp - ent->name < ent->len; cp = sp + 1) {
+			sp = strchr(cp, '/');
+			if (!sp) {
+				/* If ent->name is prefix of an entry in the
+				 * cache, it will be killed.
+				 */
+				pos = cache_name_pos(ent->name, ent->len);
+				if (0 <= pos)
+					die("bug in show-killed-files");
+				pos = -pos - 1;
+				while (pos < active_nr &&
+				       ce_stage(active_cache[pos]))
+					pos++; /* skip unmerged */
+				if (active_nr <= pos)
+					break;
+				/* pos points at a name immediately after
+				 * ent->name in the cache.  Does it expect
+				 * ent->name to be a directory?
+				 */
+				len = ce_namelen(active_cache[pos]);
+				if ((ent->len < len) &&
+				    !strncmp(active_cache[pos]->name,
+					     ent->name, ent->len) &&
+				    active_cache[pos]->name[ent->len] == '/')
+					killed = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (0 <= cache_name_pos(ent->name, sp - ent->name)) {
+				/* If any of the leading directories in
+				 * ent->name is registered in the cache,
+				 * ent->name will be killed.
+				 */
+				killed = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (killed)
+			show_dir_entry(tag_killed, dir->entries[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	int len = prefix_len;
+	int offset = prefix_offset;
+
+	if (len >= ce_namelen(ce))
+		die("git ls-files: internal error - cache entry not superset of prefix");
+
+	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
+		return;
+
+	if (tag && *tag && show_valid_bit &&
+	    (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID)) {
+		static char alttag[4];
+		memcpy(alttag, tag, 3);
+		if (isalpha(tag[0]))
+			alttag[0] = tolower(tag[0]);
+		else if (tag[0] == '?')
+			alttag[0] = '!';
+		else {
+			alttag[0] = 'v';
+			alttag[1] = tag[0];
+			alttag[2] = ' ';
+			alttag[3] = 0;
+		}
+		tag = alttag;
+	}
+
+	if (!show_stage) {
+		fputs(tag, stdout);
+	} else {
+		printf("%s%06o %s %d\t",
+		       tag,
+		       ce->ce_mode,
+		       abbrev ? find_unique_abbrev(ce->sha1,abbrev)
+				: sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1),
+		       ce_stage(ce));
+	}
+	write_name_quoted(ce->name + offset, stdout, line_terminator);
+}
+
+static int show_one_ru(struct string_list_item *item, void *cbdata)
+{
+	int offset = prefix_offset;
+	const char *path = item->string;
+	struct resolve_undo_info *ui = item->util;
+	int i, len;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	if (len < prefix_len)
+		return 0; /* outside of the prefix */
+	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, prefix_len, ps_matched))
+		return 0; /* uninterested */
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		if (!ui->mode[i])
+			continue;
+		printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
+		       abbrev
+		       ? find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev)
+		       : sha1_to_hex(ui->sha1[i]),
+		       i + 1);
+		write_name_quoted(path + offset, stdout, line_terminator);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_ru_info(const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (!the_index.resolve_undo)
+		return;
+	for_each_string_list(show_one_ru, the_index.resolve_undo, NULL);
+}
+
+static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* For cached/deleted files we don't need to even do the readdir */
+	if (show_others || show_killed) {
+		fill_directory(dir, pathspec);
+		if (show_others)
+			show_other_files(dir);
+		if (show_killed)
+			show_killed_files(dir);
+	}
+	if (show_cached | show_stage) {
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
+			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+				continue;
+			if (show_unmerged && !ce_stage(ce))
+				continue;
+			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
+				continue;
+			show_ce_entry(ce_stage(ce) ? tag_unmerged :
+				(ce_skip_worktree(ce) ? tag_skip_worktree : tag_cached), ce);
+		}
+	}
+	if (show_deleted | show_modified) {
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			struct stat st;
+			int err;
+			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
+			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+				continue;
+			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
+				continue;
+			if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+				continue;
+			err = lstat(ce->name, &st);
+			if (show_deleted && err)
+				show_ce_entry(tag_removed, ce);
+			if (show_modified && ce_modified(ce, &st, 0))
+				show_ce_entry(tag_modified, ce);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prune the index to only contain stuff starting with "prefix"
+ */
+static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
+{
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(prefix, prefix_len);
+	unsigned int first, last;
+
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -pos-1;
+	memmove(active_cache, active_cache + pos,
+		(active_nr - pos) * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	active_nr -= pos;
+	first = 0;
+	last = active_nr;
+	while (last > first) {
+		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
+		if (!strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len)) {
+			first = next+1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		last = next;
+	}
+	active_nr = last;
+}
+
+static const char *verify_pathspec(const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char **p, *n, *prev;
+	unsigned long max;
+
+	prev = NULL;
+	max = PATH_MAX;
+	for (p = pathspec; (n = *p) != NULL; p++) {
+		int i, len = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+			char c = n[i];
+			if (prev && prev[i] != c)
+				break;
+			if (!c || c == '*' || c == '?')
+				break;
+			if (c == '/')
+				len = i+1;
+		}
+		prev = n;
+		if (len < max) {
+			max = len;
+			if (!max)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (prefix_offset > max || memcmp(prev, prefix, prefix_offset))
+		die("git ls-files: cannot generate relative filenames containing '..'");
+
+	prefix_len = max;
+	return max ? xmemdupz(prev, max) : NULL;
+}
+
+static void strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules(void)
+{
+	const char **p;
+
+	for (p = pathspec; *p != NULL; p++) {
+		int len = strlen(*p), pos;
+
+		if (len < 1 || (*p)[len - 1] != '/')
+			continue;
+		pos = cache_name_pos(*p, len - 1);
+		if (pos >= 0 && S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode))
+			*p = xstrndup(*p, len - 1);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the tree specified with --with-tree option
+ * (typically, HEAD) into stage #1 and then
+ * squash them down to stage #0.  This is used for
+ * --error-unmatch to list and check the path patterns
+ * that were given from the command line.  We are not
+ * going to write this index out.
+ */
+void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct tree *tree;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char **match;
+	struct cache_entry *last_stage0 = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	if (get_sha1(tree_name, sha1))
+		die("tree-ish %s not found.", tree_name);
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		die("bad tree-ish %s", tree_name);
+
+	/* Hoist the unmerged entries up to stage #3 to make room */
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!ce_stage(ce))
+			continue;
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_STAGEMASK;
+	}
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		static const char *(matchbuf[2]);
+		matchbuf[0] = prefix;
+		matchbuf[1] = NULL;
+		match = matchbuf;
+	} else
+		match = NULL;
+	if (read_tree(tree, 1, match))
+		die("unable to read tree entries %s", tree_name);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		switch (ce_stage(ce)) {
+		case 0:
+			last_stage0 = ce;
+			/* fallthru */
+		default:
+			continue;
+		case 1:
+			/*
+			 * If there is stage #0 entry for this, we do not
+			 * need to show it.  We use CE_UPDATE bit to mark
+			 * such an entry.
+			 */
+			if (last_stage0 &&
+			    !strcmp(last_stage0->name, ce->name))
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, int prefix_offset)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
+	 */
+	int num, errors = 0;
+	for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++) {
+		int other, found_dup;
+
+		if (ps_matched[num])
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
+		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
+		 */
+		for (found_dup = other = 0;
+		     !found_dup && pathspec[other];
+		     other++) {
+			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
+				continue;
+			if (!strcmp(pathspec[other], pathspec[num]))
+				/*
+				 * Ok, we have a match already.
+				 */
+				found_dup = 1;
+		}
+		if (found_dup)
+			continue;
+
+		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
+		      pathspec[num] + prefix_offset);
+		errors++;
+	}
+	return errors;
+}
+
+static const char * const ls_files_usage[] = {
+	"git ls-files [options] [<file>]*",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	line_terminator = unset ? '\n' : '\0';
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct exclude_list *list = opt->value;
+
+	exc_given = 1;
+	add_exclude(arg, "", 0, list);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_exclude_from(const struct option *opt,
+				     const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct dir_struct *dir = opt->value;
+
+	exc_given = 1;
+	add_excludes_from_file(dir, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_exclude_standard(const struct option *opt,
+					 const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct dir_struct *dir = opt->value;
+
+	exc_given = 1;
+	setup_standard_excludes(dir);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct option builtin_ls_files_options[] = {
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
+			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('t', NULL, &show_tag,
+			"identify the file status with tags"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
+			"use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "cached", &show_cached,
+			"show cached files in the output (default)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
+			"show deleted files in the output"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modified", &show_modified,
+			"show modified files in the output"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "others", &show_others,
+			"show other files in the output"),
+		OPT_BIT('i', "ignored", &dir.flags,
+			"show ignored files in the output",
+			DIR_SHOW_IGNORED),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stage", &show_stage,
+			"show staged contents' object name in the output"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "killed", &show_killed,
+			"show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "directory", &dir.flags,
+			"show 'other' directories' name only",
+			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES),
+		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "empty-directory", &dir.flags,
+			"don't show empty directories",
+			DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
+			"show unmerged files in the output"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
+			    "show resolve-undo information"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL], "pattern",
+			"skip files matching pattern",
+			0, option_parse_exclude },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, "file",
+			"exclude patterns are read from <file>",
+			0, option_parse_exclude_from },
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, "file",
+			"read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-standard", &dir, NULL,
+			"add the standard git exclusions",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_exclude_standard },
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "full-name", &prefix_offset, NULL,
+			"make the output relative to the project top directory",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
+			"if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, "tree-ish",
+			"pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"),
+		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	if (prefix)
+		prefix_offset = strlen(prefix);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_ls_files_options,
+			ls_files_usage, 0);
+	if (show_tag || show_valid_bit) {
+		tag_cached = "H ";
+		tag_unmerged = "M ";
+		tag_removed = "R ";
+		tag_modified = "C ";
+		tag_other = "? ";
+		tag_killed = "K ";
+		tag_skip_worktree = "S ";
+		tag_resolve_undo = "U ";
+	}
+	if (show_modified || show_others || show_deleted || (dir.flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) || show_killed)
+		require_work_tree = 1;
+	if (show_unmerged)
+		/*
+		 * There's no point in showing unmerged unless
+		 * you also show the stage information.
+		 */
+		show_stage = 1;
+	if (dir.exclude_per_dir)
+		exc_given = 1;
+
+	if (require_work_tree && !is_inside_work_tree())
+		setup_work_tree();
+
+	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+	/* be nice with submodule paths ending in a slash */
+	if (pathspec)
+		strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules();
+
+	/* Verify that the pathspec matches the prefix */
+	if (pathspec)
+		prefix = verify_pathspec(prefix);
+
+	/* Treat unmatching pathspec elements as errors */
+	if (pathspec && error_unmatch) {
+		int num;
+		for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++)
+			;
+		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, num);
+	}
+
+	if ((dir.flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exc_given)
+		die("ls-files --ignored needs some exclude pattern");
+
+	/* With no flags, we default to showing the cached files */
+	if (!(show_stage | show_deleted | show_others | show_unmerged |
+	      show_killed | show_modified | show_resolve_undo))
+		show_cached = 1;
+
+	if (prefix)
+		prune_cache(prefix);
+	if (with_tree) {
+		/*
+		 * Basic sanity check; show-stages and show-unmerged
+		 * would not make any sense with this option.
+		 */
+		if (show_stage || show_unmerged)
+			die("ls-files --with-tree is incompatible with -s or -u");
+		overlay_tree_on_cache(with_tree, prefix);
+	}
+	show_files(&dir, prefix);
+	if (show_resolve_undo)
+		show_ru_info(prefix);
+
+	if (ps_matched) {
+		int bad;
+		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix_offset);
+		if (bad)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Did you forget to 'git add'?\n");
+
+		return bad ? 1 : 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-ls-remote.c b/builtin-ls-remote.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70f5622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-ls-remote.c
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+static const char ls_remote_usage[] =
+"git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>] <repository> <refs>...";
+
+/*
+ * Is there one among the list of patterns that match the tail part
+ * of the path?
+ */
+static int tail_match(const char **pattern, const char *path)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (!pattern)
+		return 1; /* no restriction */
+
+	if (snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "/%s", path) > sizeof(pathbuf))
+		return error("insanely long ref %.*s...", 20, path);
+	while ((p = *(pattern++)) != NULL) {
+		if (!fnmatch(p, pathbuf, 0))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char *dest = NULL;
+	int nongit;
+	unsigned flags = 0;
+	const char *uploadpack = NULL;
+	const char **pattern = NULL;
+
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct transport *transport;
+	const struct ref *ref;
+
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
+				uploadpack = arg + 14;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
+				uploadpack = arg + 7;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--tags", arg) || !strcmp("-t", arg)) {
+				flags |= REF_TAGS;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--heads", arg) || !strcmp("-h", arg)) {
+				flags |= REF_HEADS;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp("--refs", arg)) {
+				flags |= REF_NORMAL;
+				continue;
+			}
+			usage(ls_remote_usage);
+		}
+		dest = arg;
+		i++;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (!dest)
+		usage(ls_remote_usage);
+
+	if (argv[i]) {
+		int j;
+		pattern = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), argc - i + 1);
+		for (j = i; j < argc; j++) {
+			int len = strlen(argv[j]);
+			char *p = xmalloc(len + 3);
+			sprintf(p, "*/%s", argv[j]);
+			pattern[j - i] = p;
+		}
+	}
+	remote = remote_get(dest);
+	if (!remote->url_nr)
+		die("remote %s has no configured URL", dest);
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	if (uploadpack != NULL)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, uploadpack);
+
+	ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
+	if (transport_disconnect(transport))
+		return 1;
+	for ( ; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!check_ref_type(ref, flags))
+			continue;
+		if (!tail_match(pattern, ref->name))
+			continue;
+		printf("%s	%s\n", sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-ls-tree.c b/builtin-ls-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4484185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-ls-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int line_termination = '\n';
+#define LS_RECURSIVE 1
+#define LS_TREE_ONLY 2
+#define LS_SHOW_TREES 4
+#define LS_NAME_ONLY 8
+#define LS_SHOW_SIZE 16
+static int abbrev;
+static int ls_options;
+static const char **pathspec;
+static int chomp_prefix;
+static const char *ls_tree_prefix;
+
+static const  char * const ls_tree_usage[] = {
+	"git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [path...]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
+{
+	const char **s;
+
+	if (ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
+		return 1;
+
+	s = pathspec;
+	if (!s)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *spec = *s++;
+		int len, speclen;
+
+		if (!spec)
+			return 0;
+		if (strncmp(base, spec, baselen))
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(pathname);
+		spec += baselen;
+		speclen = strlen(spec);
+		if (speclen <= len)
+			continue;
+		if (memcmp(pathname, spec, len))
+			continue;
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	int retval = 0;
+	const char *type = blob_type;
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		/*
+		 * Maybe we want to have some recursive version here?
+		 *
+		 * Something similar to this incomplete example:
+		 *
+		if (show_subprojects(base, baselen, pathname))
+			retval = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+		 *
+		 */
+		type = commit_type;
+	} else if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		if (show_recursive(base, baselen, pathname)) {
+			retval = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+			if (!(ls_options & LS_SHOW_TREES))
+				return retval;
+		}
+		type = tree_type;
+	}
+	else if (ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (chomp_prefix &&
+	    (baselen < chomp_prefix || memcmp(ls_tree_prefix, base, chomp_prefix)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!(ls_options & LS_NAME_ONLY)) {
+		if (ls_options & LS_SHOW_SIZE) {
+			char size_text[24];
+			if (!strcmp(type, blob_type)) {
+				unsigned long size;
+				if (sha1_object_info(sha1, &size) == OBJ_BAD)
+					strcpy(size_text, "BAD");
+				else
+					snprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text),
+						 "%lu", size);
+			} else
+				strcpy(size_text, "-");
+			printf("%06o %s %s %7s\t", mode, type,
+			       abbrev ? find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev)
+				      : sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+			       size_text);
+		} else
+			printf("%06o %s %s\t", mode, type,
+			       abbrev ? find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev)
+			              : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	write_name_quotedpfx(base + chomp_prefix, baselen - chomp_prefix,
+			  pathname, stdout, line_termination);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct tree *tree;
+	int full_tree = 0;
+	const struct option ls_tree_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, "only show trees",
+			LS_TREE_ONLY),
+		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, "recurse into subtrees",
+			LS_RECURSIVE),
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, "show trees when recursing",
+			LS_SHOW_TREES),
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
+			    "terminate entries with NUL byte", 0),
+		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, "include object size",
+			LS_SHOW_SIZE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+			LS_NAME_ONLY),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+			LS_NAME_ONLY),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
+			    "use full path names", 0),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			    "list entire tree; not just current directory "
+			    "(implies --full-name)"),
+		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	ls_tree_prefix = prefix;
+	if (prefix && *prefix)
+		chomp_prefix = strlen(prefix);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, ls_tree_options,
+			     ls_tree_usage, 0);
+	if (full_tree) {
+		ls_tree_prefix = prefix = NULL;
+		chomp_prefix = 0;
+	}
+	/* -d -r should imply -t, but -d by itself should not have to. */
+	if ( (LS_TREE_ONLY|LS_RECURSIVE) ==
+	    ((LS_TREE_ONLY|LS_RECURSIVE) & ls_options))
+		ls_options |= LS_SHOW_TREES;
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage_with_options(ls_tree_usage, ls_tree_options);
+	if (get_sha1(argv[0], sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[0]);
+
+	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1);
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		die("not a tree object");
+	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, show_tree, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a50ac22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1064 @@
+/*
+ * Another stupid program, this one parsing the headers of an
+ * email to figure out authorship and subject
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+static FILE *cmitmsg, *patchfile, *fin, *fout;
+
+static int keep_subject;
+static int keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject;
+static const char *metainfo_charset;
+static struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf email = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+static enum  {
+	TE_DONTCARE, TE_QP, TE_BASE64,
+} transfer_encoding;
+static enum  {
+	TYPE_TEXT, TYPE_OTHER,
+} message_type;
+
+static struct strbuf charset = STRBUF_INIT;
+static int patch_lines;
+static struct strbuf **p_hdr_data, **s_hdr_data;
+static int use_scissors;
+static int use_inbody_headers = 1;
+
+#define MAX_HDR_PARSED 10
+#define MAX_BOUNDARIES 5
+
+static void cleanup_space(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+
+static void get_sane_name(struct strbuf *out, struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *email)
+{
+	struct strbuf *src = name;
+	if (name->len < 3 || 60 < name->len || strchr(name->buf, '@') ||
+		strchr(name->buf, '<') || strchr(name->buf, '>'))
+		src = email;
+	else if (name == out)
+		return;
+	strbuf_reset(out);
+	strbuf_addbuf(out, src);
+}
+
+static void parse_bogus_from(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	/* John Doe <johndoe> */
+
+	char *bra, *ket;
+	/* This is fallback, so do not bother if we already have an
+	 * e-mail address.
+	 */
+	if (email.len)
+		return;
+
+	bra = strchr(line->buf, '<');
+	if (!bra)
+		return;
+	ket = strchr(bra, '>');
+	if (!ket)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&email);
+	strbuf_add(&email, bra + 1, ket - bra - 1);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&name);
+	strbuf_add(&name, line->buf, bra - line->buf);
+	strbuf_trim(&name);
+	get_sane_name(&name, &name, &email);
+}
+
+static void handle_from(const struct strbuf *from)
+{
+	char *at;
+	size_t el;
+	struct strbuf f;
+
+	strbuf_init(&f, from->len);
+	strbuf_addbuf(&f, from);
+
+	at = strchr(f.buf, '@');
+	if (!at) {
+		parse_bogus_from(from);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we already have one email, don't take any confusing lines
+	 */
+	if (email.len && strchr(at + 1, '@')) {
+		strbuf_release(&f);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Pick up the string around '@', possibly delimited with <>
+	 * pair; that is the email part.
+	 */
+	while (at > f.buf) {
+		char c = at[-1];
+		if (isspace(c))
+			break;
+		if (c == '<') {
+			at[-1] = ' ';
+			break;
+		}
+		at--;
+	}
+	el = strcspn(at, " \n\t\r\v\f>");
+	strbuf_reset(&email);
+	strbuf_add(&email, at, el);
+	strbuf_remove(&f, at - f.buf, el + (at[el] ? 1 : 0));
+
+	/* The remainder is name.  It could be
+	 *
+	 * - "John Doe <john.doe@xz>"			(a), or
+	 * - "john.doe@xz (John Doe)"			(b), or
+	 * - "John (zzz) Doe <john.doe@xz> (Comment)"	(c)
+	 *
+	 * but we have removed the email part, so
+	 *
+	 * - remove extra spaces which could stay after email (case 'c'), and
+	 * - trim from both ends, possibly removing the () pair at the end
+	 *   (cases 'a' and 'b').
+	 */
+	cleanup_space(&f);
+	strbuf_trim(&f);
+	if (f.buf[0] == '(' && f.len && f.buf[f.len - 1] == ')') {
+		strbuf_remove(&f, 0, 1);
+		strbuf_setlen(&f, f.len - 1);
+	}
+
+	get_sane_name(&name, &f, &email);
+	strbuf_release(&f);
+}
+
+static void handle_header(struct strbuf **out, const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	if (!*out) {
+		*out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+		strbuf_init(*out, line->len);
+	} else
+		strbuf_reset(*out);
+
+	strbuf_addbuf(*out, line);
+}
+
+/* NOTE NOTE NOTE.  We do not claim we do full MIME.  We just attempt
+ * to have enough heuristics to grok MIME encoded patches often found
+ * on our mailing lists.  For example, we do not even treat header lines
+ * case insensitively.
+ */
+
+static int slurp_attr(const char *line, const char *name, struct strbuf *attr)
+{
+	const char *ends, *ap = strcasestr(line, name);
+	size_t sz;
+
+	if (!ap) {
+		strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	ap += strlen(name);
+	if (*ap == '"') {
+		ap++;
+		ends = "\"";
+	}
+	else
+		ends = "; \t";
+	sz = strcspn(ap, ends);
+	strbuf_add(attr, ap, sz);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf *content[MAX_BOUNDARIES];
+
+static struct strbuf **content_top = content;
+
+static void handle_content_type(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf *boundary = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	strbuf_init(boundary, line->len);
+
+	if (!strcasestr(line->buf, "text/"))
+		 message_type = TYPE_OTHER;
+	if (slurp_attr(line->buf, "boundary=", boundary)) {
+		strbuf_insert(boundary, 0, "--", 2);
+		if (++content_top > &content[MAX_BOUNDARIES]) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Too many boundaries to handle\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		*content_top = boundary;
+		boundary = NULL;
+	}
+	slurp_attr(line->buf, "charset=", &charset);
+
+	if (boundary) {
+		strbuf_release(boundary);
+		free(boundary);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_content_transfer_encoding(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	if (strcasestr(line->buf, "base64"))
+		transfer_encoding = TE_BASE64;
+	else if (strcasestr(line->buf, "quoted-printable"))
+		transfer_encoding = TE_QP;
+	else
+		transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
+}
+
+static int is_multipart_boundary(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	return (((*content_top)->len <= line->len) &&
+		!memcmp(line->buf, (*content_top)->buf, (*content_top)->len));
+}
+
+static void cleanup_subject(struct strbuf *subject)
+{
+	size_t at = 0;
+
+	while (at < subject->len) {
+		char *pos;
+		size_t remove;
+
+		switch (subject->buf[at]) {
+		case 'r': case 'R':
+			if (subject->len <= at + 3)
+				break;
+			if (!memcmp(subject->buf + at + 1, "e:", 2)) {
+				strbuf_remove(subject, at, 3);
+				continue;
+			}
+			at++;
+			break;
+		case ' ': case '\t': case ':':
+			strbuf_remove(subject, at, 1);
+			continue;
+		case '[':
+			pos = strchr(subject->buf + at, ']');
+			if (!pos)
+				break;
+			remove = pos - subject->buf + at + 1;
+			if (!keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject ||
+			    (7 <= remove &&
+			     memmem(subject->buf + at, remove, "PATCH", 5)))
+				strbuf_remove(subject, at, remove);
+			else
+				at += remove;
+			continue;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	strbuf_trim(subject);
+}
+
+static void cleanup_space(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	size_t pos, cnt;
+	for (pos = 0; pos < sb->len; pos++) {
+		if (isspace(sb->buf[pos])) {
+			sb->buf[pos] = ' ';
+			for (cnt = 0; isspace(sb->buf[pos + cnt + 1]); cnt++);
+			strbuf_remove(sb, pos + 1, cnt);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void decode_header(struct strbuf *line);
+static const char *header[MAX_HDR_PARSED] = {
+	"From","Subject","Date",
+};
+
+static inline int cmp_header(const struct strbuf *line, const char *hdr)
+{
+	int len = strlen(hdr);
+	return !strncasecmp(line->buf, hdr, len) && line->len > len &&
+			line->buf[len] == ':' && isspace(line->buf[len + 1]);
+}
+
+static int check_header(const struct strbuf *line,
+				struct strbuf *hdr_data[], int overwrite)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0, len;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	/* search for the interesting parts */
+	for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+		int len = strlen(header[i]);
+		if ((!hdr_data[i] || overwrite) && cmp_header(line, header[i])) {
+			/* Unwrap inline B and Q encoding, and optionally
+			 * normalize the meta information to utf8.
+			 */
+			strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len + 2, line->len - len - 2);
+			decode_header(&sb);
+			handle_header(&hdr_data[i], &sb);
+			ret = 1;
+			goto check_header_out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Content stuff */
+	if (cmp_header(line, "Content-Type")) {
+		len = strlen("Content-Type: ");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
+		decode_header(&sb);
+		strbuf_insert(&sb, 0, "Content-Type: ", len);
+		handle_content_type(&sb);
+		ret = 1;
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+	if (cmp_header(line, "Content-Transfer-Encoding")) {
+		len = strlen("Content-Transfer-Encoding: ");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
+		decode_header(&sb);
+		handle_content_transfer_encoding(&sb);
+		ret = 1;
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+
+	/* for inbody stuff */
+	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, ">From") && isspace(line->buf[5])) {
+		ret = 1; /* Should this return 0? */
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "[PATCH]") && isspace(line->buf[7])) {
+		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+			if (!memcmp("Subject", header[i], 7)) {
+				handle_header(&hdr_data[i], line);
+				ret = 1;
+				goto check_header_out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+check_header_out:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int is_rfc2822_header(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The section that defines the loosest possible
+	 * field name is "3.6.8 Optional fields".
+	 *
+	 * optional-field = field-name ":" unstructured CRLF
+	 * field-name = 1*ftext
+	 * ftext = %d33-57 / %59-126
+	 */
+	int ch;
+	char *cp = line->buf;
+
+	/* Count mbox From headers as headers */
+	if (!prefixcmp(cp, "From ") || !prefixcmp(cp, ">From "))
+		return 1;
+
+	while ((ch = *cp++)) {
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if ((33 <= ch && ch <= 57) ||
+		    (59 <= ch && ch <= 126))
+			continue;
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_one_header_line(struct strbuf *line, FILE *in)
+{
+	/* Get the first part of the line. */
+	if (strbuf_getline(line, in, '\n'))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Is it an empty line or not a valid rfc2822 header?
+	 * If so, stop here, and return false ("not a header")
+	 */
+	strbuf_rtrim(line);
+	if (!line->len || !is_rfc2822_header(line)) {
+		/* Re-add the newline */
+		strbuf_addch(line, '\n');
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now we need to eat all the continuation lines..
+	 * Yuck, 2822 header "folding"
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		int peek;
+		struct strbuf continuation = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		peek = fgetc(in); ungetc(peek, in);
+		if (peek != ' ' && peek != '\t')
+			break;
+		if (strbuf_getline(&continuation, in, '\n'))
+			break;
+		continuation.buf[0] = '\n';
+		strbuf_rtrim(&continuation);
+		strbuf_addbuf(line, &continuation);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf *decode_q_segment(const struct strbuf *q_seg, int rfc2047)
+{
+	const char *in = q_seg->buf;
+	int c;
+	struct strbuf *out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	strbuf_init(out, q_seg->len);
+
+	while ((c = *in++) != 0) {
+		if (c == '=') {
+			int d = *in++;
+			if (d == '\n' || !d)
+				break; /* drop trailing newline */
+			strbuf_addch(out, (hexval(d) << 4) | hexval(*in++));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (rfc2047 && c == '_') /* rfc2047 4.2 (2) */
+			c = 0x20;
+		strbuf_addch(out, c);
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf *decode_b_segment(const struct strbuf *b_seg)
+{
+	/* Decode in..ep, possibly in-place to ot */
+	int c, pos = 0, acc = 0;
+	const char *in = b_seg->buf;
+	struct strbuf *out = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	strbuf_init(out, b_seg->len);
+
+	while ((c = *in++) != 0) {
+		if (c == '+')
+			c = 62;
+		else if (c == '/')
+			c = 63;
+		else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+			c -= 'A';
+		else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 26;
+		else if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+			c -= '0' - 52;
+		else
+			continue; /* garbage */
+		switch (pos++) {
+		case 0:
+			acc = (c << 2);
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | (c >> 4)));
+			acc = (c & 15) << 4;
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | (c >> 2)));
+			acc = (c & 3) << 6;
+			break;
+		case 3:
+			strbuf_addch(out, (acc | c));
+			acc = pos = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When there is no known charset, guess.
+ *
+ * Right now we assume that if the target is UTF-8 (the default),
+ * and it already looks like UTF-8 (which includes US-ASCII as its
+ * subset, of course) then that is what it is and there is nothing
+ * to do.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, we default to assuming it is Latin1 for historical
+ * reasons.
+ */
+static const char *guess_charset(const struct strbuf *line, const char *target_charset)
+{
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(target_charset)) {
+		if (is_utf8(line->buf))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	return "ISO8859-1";
+}
+
+static void convert_to_utf8(struct strbuf *line, const char *charset)
+{
+	char *out;
+
+	if (!charset || !*charset) {
+		charset = guess_charset(line, metainfo_charset);
+		if (!charset)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcasecmp(metainfo_charset, charset))
+		return;
+	out = reencode_string(line->buf, metainfo_charset, charset);
+	if (!out)
+		die("cannot convert from %s to %s",
+		    charset, metainfo_charset);
+	strbuf_attach(line, out, strlen(out), strlen(out));
+}
+
+static int decode_header_bq(struct strbuf *it)
+{
+	char *in, *ep, *cp;
+	struct strbuf outbuf = STRBUF_INIT, *dec;
+	struct strbuf charset_q = STRBUF_INIT, piecebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int rfc2047 = 0;
+
+	in = it->buf;
+	while (in - it->buf <= it->len && (ep = strstr(in, "=?")) != NULL) {
+		int encoding;
+		strbuf_reset(&charset_q);
+		strbuf_reset(&piecebuf);
+		rfc2047 = 1;
+
+		if (in != ep) {
+			/*
+			 * We are about to process an encoded-word
+			 * that begins at ep, but there is something
+			 * before the encoded word.
+			 */
+			char *scan;
+			for (scan = in; scan < ep; scan++)
+				if (!isspace(*scan))
+					break;
+
+			if (scan != ep || in == it->buf) {
+				/*
+				 * We should not lose that "something",
+				 * unless we have just processed an
+				 * encoded-word, and there is only LWS
+				 * before the one we are about to process.
+				 */
+				strbuf_add(&outbuf, in, ep - in);
+			}
+		}
+		/* E.g.
+		 * ep : "=?iso-2022-jp?B?GyR...?= foo"
+		 * ep : "=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Foo=FCbar?= baz"
+		 */
+		ep += 2;
+
+		if (ep - it->buf >= it->len || !(cp = strchr(ep, '?')))
+			goto decode_header_bq_out;
+
+		if (cp + 3 - it->buf > it->len)
+			goto decode_header_bq_out;
+		strbuf_add(&charset_q, ep, cp - ep);
+
+		encoding = cp[1];
+		if (!encoding || cp[2] != '?')
+			goto decode_header_bq_out;
+		ep = strstr(cp + 3, "?=");
+		if (!ep)
+			goto decode_header_bq_out;
+		strbuf_add(&piecebuf, cp + 3, ep - cp - 3);
+		switch (tolower(encoding)) {
+		default:
+			goto decode_header_bq_out;
+		case 'b':
+			dec = decode_b_segment(&piecebuf);
+			break;
+		case 'q':
+			dec = decode_q_segment(&piecebuf, 1);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (metainfo_charset)
+			convert_to_utf8(dec, charset_q.buf);
+
+		strbuf_addbuf(&outbuf, dec);
+		strbuf_release(dec);
+		free(dec);
+		in = ep + 2;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&outbuf, in);
+	strbuf_reset(it);
+	strbuf_addbuf(it, &outbuf);
+decode_header_bq_out:
+	strbuf_release(&outbuf);
+	strbuf_release(&charset_q);
+	strbuf_release(&piecebuf);
+	return rfc2047;
+}
+
+static void decode_header(struct strbuf *it)
+{
+	if (decode_header_bq(it))
+		return;
+	/* otherwise "it" is a straight copy of the input.
+	 * This can be binary guck but there is no charset specified.
+	 */
+	if (metainfo_charset)
+		convert_to_utf8(it, "");
+}
+
+static void decode_transfer_encoding(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	struct strbuf *ret;
+
+	switch (transfer_encoding) {
+	case TE_QP:
+		ret = decode_q_segment(line, 0);
+		break;
+	case TE_BASE64:
+		ret = decode_b_segment(line);
+		break;
+	case TE_DONTCARE:
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(line);
+	strbuf_addbuf(line, ret);
+	strbuf_release(ret);
+	free(ret);
+}
+
+static void handle_filter(struct strbuf *line);
+
+static int find_boundary(void)
+{
+	while (!strbuf_getline(&line, fin, '\n')) {
+		if (*content_top && is_multipart_boundary(&line))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_boundary(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf newline = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addch(&newline, '\n');
+again:
+	if (line.len >= (*content_top)->len + 2 &&
+	    !memcmp(line.buf + (*content_top)->len, "--", 2)) {
+		/* we hit an end boundary */
+		/* pop the current boundary off the stack */
+		strbuf_release(*content_top);
+		free(*content_top);
+		*content_top = NULL;
+
+		/* technically won't happen as is_multipart_boundary()
+		   will fail first.  But just in case..
+		 */
+		if (--content_top < content) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Detected mismatched boundaries, "
+					"can't recover\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		handle_filter(&newline);
+		strbuf_release(&newline);
+
+		/* skip to the next boundary */
+		if (!find_boundary())
+			return 0;
+		goto again;
+	}
+
+	/* set some defaults */
+	transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
+	strbuf_reset(&charset);
+	message_type = TYPE_TEXT;
+
+	/* slurp in this section's info */
+	while (read_one_header_line(&line, fin))
+		check_header(&line, p_hdr_data, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&newline);
+	/* replenish line */
+	if (strbuf_getline(&line, fin, '\n'))
+		return 0;
+	strbuf_addch(&line, '\n');
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	/* Beginning of a "diff -" header? */
+	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "diff -"))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* CVS "Index: " line? */
+	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "Index: "))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * "--- <filename>" starts patches without headers
+	 * "---<sp>*" is a manual separator
+	 */
+	if (line->len < 4)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "---")) {
+		/* space followed by a filename? */
+		if (line->buf[3] == ' ' && !isspace(line->buf[4]))
+			return 1;
+		/* Just whitespace? */
+		for (i = 3; i < line->len; i++) {
+			unsigned char c = line->buf[i];
+			if (c == '\n')
+				return 1;
+			if (!isspace(c))
+				break;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_scissors_line(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	size_t i, len = line->len;
+	int scissors = 0, gap = 0;
+	int first_nonblank = -1;
+	int last_nonblank = 0, visible, perforation = 0, in_perforation = 0;
+	const char *buf = line->buf;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (isspace(buf[i])) {
+			if (in_perforation) {
+				perforation++;
+				gap++;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		last_nonblank = i;
+		if (first_nonblank < 0)
+			first_nonblank = i;
+		if (buf[i] == '-') {
+			in_perforation = 1;
+			perforation++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (i + 1 < len &&
+		    (!memcmp(buf + i, ">8", 2) || !memcmp(buf + i, "8<", 2))) {
+			in_perforation = 1;
+			perforation += 2;
+			scissors += 2;
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		in_perforation = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The mark must be at least 8 bytes long (e.g. "-- >8 --").
+	 * Even though there can be arbitrary cruft on the same line
+	 * (e.g. "cut here"), in order to avoid misidentification, the
+	 * perforation must occupy more than a third of the visible
+	 * width of the line, and dashes and scissors must occupy more
+	 * than half of the perforation.
+	 */
+
+	visible = last_nonblank - first_nonblank + 1;
+	return (scissors && 8 <= visible &&
+		visible < perforation * 3 &&
+		gap * 2 < perforation);
+}
+
+static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	static int still_looking = 1;
+
+	if (!cmitmsg)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (still_looking) {
+		strbuf_ltrim(line);
+		if (!line->len)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (use_inbody_headers && still_looking) {
+		still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0);
+		if (still_looking)
+			return 0;
+	} else
+		/* Only trim the first (blank) line of the commit message
+		 * when ignoring in-body headers.
+		 */
+		still_looking = 0;
+
+	/* normalize the log message to UTF-8. */
+	if (metainfo_charset)
+		convert_to_utf8(line, charset.buf);
+
+	if (use_scissors && is_scissors_line(line)) {
+		int i;
+		if (fseek(cmitmsg, 0L, SEEK_SET))
+			die_errno("Could not rewind output message file");
+		if (ftruncate(fileno(cmitmsg), 0))
+			die_errno("Could not truncate output message file at scissors");
+		still_looking = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * We may have already read "secondary headers"; purge
+		 * them to give ourselves a clean restart.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+			if (s_hdr_data[i])
+				strbuf_release(s_hdr_data[i]);
+			s_hdr_data[i] = NULL;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (patchbreak(line)) {
+		fclose(cmitmsg);
+		cmitmsg = NULL;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	fputs(line->buf, cmitmsg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void handle_patch(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	fwrite(line->buf, 1, line->len, patchfile);
+	patch_lines++;
+}
+
+static void handle_filter(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	static int filter = 0;
+
+	/* filter tells us which part we left off on */
+	switch (filter) {
+	case 0:
+		if (!handle_commit_msg(line))
+			break;
+		filter++;
+	case 1:
+		handle_patch(line);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_body(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf prev = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Skip up to the first boundary */
+	if (*content_top) {
+		if (!find_boundary())
+			goto handle_body_out;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		/* process any boundary lines */
+		if (*content_top && is_multipart_boundary(&line)) {
+			/* flush any leftover */
+			if (prev.len) {
+				handle_filter(&prev);
+				strbuf_reset(&prev);
+			}
+			if (!handle_boundary())
+				goto handle_body_out;
+		}
+
+		/* Unwrap transfer encoding */
+		decode_transfer_encoding(&line);
+
+		switch (transfer_encoding) {
+		case TE_BASE64:
+		case TE_QP:
+		{
+			struct strbuf **lines, **it, *sb;
+
+			/* Prepend any previous partial lines */
+			strbuf_insert(&line, 0, prev.buf, prev.len);
+			strbuf_reset(&prev);
+
+			/* binary data most likely doesn't have newlines */
+			if (message_type != TYPE_TEXT) {
+				handle_filter(&line);
+				break;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * This is a decoded line that may contain
+			 * multiple new lines.  Pass only one chunk
+			 * at a time to handle_filter()
+			 */
+			lines = strbuf_split(&line, '\n');
+			for (it = lines; (sb = *it); it++) {
+				if (*(it + 1) == NULL) /* The last line */
+					if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n') {
+						/* Partial line, save it for later. */
+						strbuf_addbuf(&prev, sb);
+						break;
+					}
+				handle_filter(sb);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * The partial chunk is saved in "prev" and will be
+			 * appended by the next iteration of read_line_with_nul().
+			 */
+			strbuf_list_free(lines);
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			handle_filter(&line);
+		}
+
+	} while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&line, fin, '\n'));
+
+handle_body_out:
+	strbuf_release(&prev);
+}
+
+static void output_header_lines(FILE *fout, const char *hdr, const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	const char *sp = data->buf;
+	while (1) {
+		char *ep = strchr(sp, '\n');
+		int len;
+		if (!ep)
+			len = strlen(sp);
+		else
+			len = ep - sp;
+		fprintf(fout, "%s: %.*s\n", hdr, len, sp);
+		if (!ep)
+			break;
+		sp = ep + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_info(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf *hdr;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+		/* only print inbody headers if we output a patch file */
+		if (patch_lines && s_hdr_data[i])
+			hdr = s_hdr_data[i];
+		else if (p_hdr_data[i])
+			hdr = p_hdr_data[i];
+		else
+			continue;
+
+		if (!memcmp(header[i], "Subject", 7)) {
+			if (!keep_subject) {
+				cleanup_subject(hdr);
+				cleanup_space(hdr);
+			}
+			output_header_lines(fout, "Subject", hdr);
+		} else if (!memcmp(header[i], "From", 4)) {
+			cleanup_space(hdr);
+			handle_from(hdr);
+			fprintf(fout, "Author: %s\n", name.buf);
+			fprintf(fout, "Email: %s\n", email.buf);
+		} else {
+			cleanup_space(hdr);
+			fprintf(fout, "%s: %s\n", header[i], hdr->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	fprintf(fout, "\n");
+}
+
+static int mailinfo(FILE *in, FILE *out, const char *msg, const char *patch)
+{
+	int peek;
+	fin = in;
+	fout = out;
+
+	cmitmsg = fopen(msg, "w");
+	if (!cmitmsg) {
+		perror(msg);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	patchfile = fopen(patch, "w");
+	if (!patchfile) {
+		perror(patch);
+		fclose(cmitmsg);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	p_hdr_data = xcalloc(MAX_HDR_PARSED, sizeof(*p_hdr_data));
+	s_hdr_data = xcalloc(MAX_HDR_PARSED, sizeof(*s_hdr_data));
+
+	do {
+		peek = fgetc(in);
+	} while (isspace(peek));
+	ungetc(peek, in);
+
+	/* process the email header */
+	while (read_one_header_line(&line, fin))
+		check_header(&line, p_hdr_data, 1);
+
+	handle_body();
+	handle_info();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_mailinfo_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
+{
+	if (prefixcmp(var, "mailinfo."))
+		return git_default_config(var, value, unused);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailinfo.scissors")) {
+		use_scissors = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* perhaps others here */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char mailinfo_usage[] =
+	"git mailinfo [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors | --no-scissors] msg patch < mail >info";
+
+int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *def_charset;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK: might want to do the optional .git/ directory
+	 * discovery
+	 */
+	git_config(git_mailinfo_config, NULL);
+
+	def_charset = (git_commit_encoding ? git_commit_encoding : "UTF-8");
+	metainfo_charset = def_charset;
+
+	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-k"))
+			keep_subject = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-b"))
+			keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-u"))
+			metainfo_charset = def_charset;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-n"))
+			metainfo_charset = NULL;
+		else if (!prefixcmp(argv[1], "--encoding="))
+			metainfo_charset = argv[1] + 11;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--scissors"))
+			use_scissors = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--no-scissors"))
+			use_scissors = 0;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--no-inbody-headers"))
+			use_inbody_headers = 0;
+		else
+			usage(mailinfo_usage);
+		argc--; argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc != 3)
+		usage(mailinfo_usage);
+
+	return !!mailinfo(stdin, stdout, argv[1], argv[2]);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-mailsplit.c b/builtin-mailsplit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..207e358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-mailsplit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*
+ * Totally braindamaged mbox splitter program.
+ *
+ * It just splits a mbox into a list of files: "0001" "0002" ..
+ * so you can process them further from there.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+static const char git_mailsplit_usage[] =
+"git mailsplit [-d<prec>] [-f<n>] [-b] -o<directory> [<mbox>|<Maildir>...]";
+
+static int is_from_line(const char *line, int len)
+{
+	const char *colon;
+
+	if (len < 20 || memcmp("From ", line, 5))
+		return 0;
+
+	colon = line + len - 2;
+	line += 5;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (colon < line)
+			return 0;
+		if (*--colon == ':')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!isdigit(colon[-4]) ||
+	    !isdigit(colon[-2]) ||
+	    !isdigit(colon[-1]) ||
+	    !isdigit(colon[ 1]) ||
+	    !isdigit(colon[ 2]))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* year */
+	if (strtol(colon+3, NULL, 10) <= 90)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Ok, close enough */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+static int keep_cr;
+
+/* Called with the first line (potentially partial)
+ * already in buf[] -- normally that should begin with
+ * the Unix "From " line.  Write it into the specified
+ * file.
+ */
+static int split_one(FILE *mbox, const char *name, int allow_bare)
+{
+	FILE *output = NULL;
+	int fd;
+	int status = 0;
+	int is_bare = !is_from_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
+
+	if (is_bare && !allow_bare)
+		goto corrupt;
+
+	fd = open(name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("cannot open output file '%s'", name);
+	output = xfdopen(fd, "w");
+
+	/* Copy it out, while searching for a line that begins with
+	 * "From " and having something that looks like a date format.
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!keep_cr && buf.len > 1 && buf.buf[buf.len-1] == '\n' &&
+			buf.buf[buf.len-2] == '\r') {
+			strbuf_setlen(&buf, buf.len-2);
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		}
+
+		if (fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, output) != buf.len)
+			die_errno("cannot write output");
+
+		if (strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, mbox, '\n')) {
+			if (feof(mbox)) {
+				status = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			die_errno("cannot read mbox");
+		}
+		if (!is_bare && is_from_line(buf.buf, buf.len))
+			break; /* done with one message */
+	}
+	fclose(output);
+	return status;
+
+ corrupt:
+	if (output)
+		fclose(output);
+	unlink(name);
+	fprintf(stderr, "corrupt mailbox\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static int populate_maildir_list(struct string_list *list, const char *path)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *dent;
+	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	char *subs[] = { "cur", "new", NULL };
+	char **sub;
+
+	for (sub = subs; *sub; ++sub) {
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/%s", path, *sub);
+		if ((dir = opendir(name)) == NULL) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				continue;
+			error("cannot opendir %s (%s)", name, strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		while ((dent = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
+				continue;
+			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/%s", *sub, dent->d_name);
+			string_list_insert(name, list);
+		}
+
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
+	int nr_prec, int skip)
+{
+	char file[PATH_MAX];
+	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	int ret = -1;
+	int i;
+	struct string_list list = {NULL, 0, 0, 1};
+
+	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		FILE *f;
+		snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/%s", maildir, list.items[i].string);
+		f = fopen(file, "r");
+		if (!f) {
+			error("cannot open mail %s (%s)", file, strerror(errno));
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, f, '\n')) {
+			error("cannot read mail %s (%s)", file, strerror(errno));
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		sprintf(name, "%s/%0*d", dir, nr_prec, ++skip);
+		split_one(f, name, 1);
+
+		fclose(f);
+	}
+
+	ret = skip;
+out:
+	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int split_mbox(const char *file, const char *dir, int allow_bare,
+		      int nr_prec, int skip)
+{
+	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	int ret = -1;
+	int peek;
+
+	FILE *f = !strcmp(file, "-") ? stdin : fopen(file, "r");
+	int file_done = 0;
+
+	if (!f) {
+		error("cannot open mbox %s", file);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		peek = fgetc(f);
+	} while (isspace(peek));
+	ungetc(peek, f);
+
+	if (strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, f, '\n')) {
+		/* empty stdin is OK */
+		if (f != stdin) {
+			error("cannot read mbox %s", file);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		file_done = 1;
+	}
+
+	while (!file_done) {
+		sprintf(name, "%s/%0*d", dir, nr_prec, ++skip);
+		file_done = split_one(f, name, allow_bare);
+	}
+
+	if (f != stdin)
+		fclose(f);
+
+	ret = skip;
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int nr = 0, nr_prec = 4, num = 0;
+	int allow_bare = 0;
+	const char *dir = NULL;
+	const char **argp;
+	static const char *stdin_only[] = { "-", NULL };
+
+	for (argp = argv+1; *argp; argp++) {
+		const char *arg = *argp;
+
+		if (arg[0] != '-')
+			break;
+		/* do flags here */
+		if ( arg[1] == 'd' ) {
+			nr_prec = strtol(arg+2, NULL, 10);
+			if (nr_prec < 3 || 10 <= nr_prec)
+				usage(git_mailsplit_usage);
+			continue;
+		} else if ( arg[1] == 'f' ) {
+			nr = strtol(arg+2, NULL, 10);
+		} else if ( arg[1] == 'h' ) {
+			usage(git_mailsplit_usage);
+		} else if ( arg[1] == 'b' && !arg[2] ) {
+			allow_bare = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep-cr")) {
+			keep_cr = 1;
+		} else if ( arg[1] == 'o' && arg[2] ) {
+			dir = arg+2;
+		} else if ( arg[1] == '-' && !arg[2] ) {
+			argp++;	/* -- marks end of options */
+			break;
+		} else {
+			die("unknown option: %s", arg);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( !dir ) {
+		/* Backwards compatibility: if no -o specified, accept
+		   <mbox> <dir> or just <dir> */
+		switch (argc - (argp-argv)) {
+		case 1:
+			dir = argp[0];
+			argp = stdin_only;
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			stdin_only[0] = argp[0];
+			dir = argp[1];
+			argp = stdin_only;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage(git_mailsplit_usage);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* New usage: if no more argument, parse stdin */
+		if ( !*argp )
+			argp = stdin_only;
+	}
+
+	while (*argp) {
+		const char *arg = *argp++;
+		struct stat argstat;
+		int ret = 0;
+
+		if (arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] == 0) {
+			ret = split_mbox(arg, dir, allow_bare, nr_prec, nr);
+			if (ret < 0) {
+				error("cannot split patches from stdin");
+				return 1;
+			}
+			num += (ret - nr);
+			nr = ret;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (stat(arg, &argstat) == -1) {
+			error("cannot stat %s (%s)", arg, strerror(errno));
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(argstat.st_mode))
+			ret = split_maildir(arg, dir, nr_prec, nr);
+		else
+			ret = split_mbox(arg, dir, allow_bare, nr_prec, nr);
+
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			error("cannot split patches from %s", arg);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		num += (ret - nr);
+		nr = ret;
+	}
+
+	printf("%d\n", num);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge-base.c b/builtin-merge-base.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54e7ec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge-base.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int show_merge_base(struct commit **rev, int rev_nr, int show_all)
+{
+	struct commit_list *result;
+
+	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1, 0);
+
+	if (!result)
+		return 1;
+
+	while (result) {
+		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(result->item->object.sha1));
+		if (!show_all)
+			return 0;
+		result = result->next;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char * const merge_base_usage[] = {
+	"git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static struct commit *get_commit_reference(const char *arg)
+{
+	unsigned char revkey[20];
+	struct commit *r;
+
+	if (get_sha1(arg, revkey))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
+	r = lookup_commit_reference(revkey);
+	if (!r)
+		die("Not a valid commit name %s", arg);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct commit **rev;
+	int rev_nr = 0;
+	int show_all = 0;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "outputs all common ancestors"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_base_usage, 0);
+	if (argc < 2)
+		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
+	rev = xmalloc(argc * sizeof(*rev));
+	while (argc-- > 0)
+		rev[rev_nr++] = get_commit_reference(*argv++);
+	return show_merge_base(rev, rev_nr, show_all);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge-file.c b/builtin-merge-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e70073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char *const merge_file_usage[] = {
+	"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int label_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	static int label_count = 0;
+	const char **names = (const char **)opt->value;
+
+	if (label_count >= 3)
+		return error("too many labels on the command line");
+	names[label_count++] = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *names[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
+	mmfile_t mmfs[3];
+	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+	xmparam_t xmp = {{XDF_NEED_MINIMAL}};
+	int ret = 0, i = 0, to_stdout = 0;
+	int level = XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS_ALNUM;
+	int style = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int favor = 0;
+	int nongit;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, "send results to standard output"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &style, "use a diff3 based merge", XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &favor, "for conflicts, use our version",
+			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &favor, "for conflicts, use their version",
+			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, "name",
+			     "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2", &label_cb),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	if (!nongit) {
+		/* Read the configuration file */
+		git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
+		if (0 <= git_xmerge_style)
+			style = git_xmerge_style;
+	}
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_file_usage, 0);
+	if (argc != 3)
+		usage_with_options(merge_file_usage, options);
+	if (quiet) {
+		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
+			return error("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null: "
+				     "%s\n", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		if (!names[i])
+			names[i] = argv[i];
+		if (read_mmfile(mmfs + i, argv[i]))
+			return -1;
+		if (buffer_is_binary(mmfs[i].ptr, mmfs[i].size))
+			return error("Cannot merge binary files: %s\n",
+					argv[i]);
+	}
+
+	ret = xdl_merge(mmfs + 1, mmfs + 0, names[0], mmfs + 2, names[2],
+			&xmp, XDL_MERGE_FLAGS(level, style, favor), &result);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		free(mmfs[i].ptr);
+
+	if (ret >= 0) {
+		const char *filename = argv[0];
+		FILE *f = to_stdout ? stdout : fopen(filename, "wb");
+
+		if (!f)
+			ret = error("Could not open %s for writing", filename);
+		else if (result.size &&
+			 fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
+			ret = error("Could not write to %s", filename);
+		else if (fclose(f))
+			ret = error("Could not close %s", filename);
+		free(result.ptr);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge-index.c b/builtin-merge-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c4cf5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static const char *pgm;
+static int one_shot, quiet;
+static int err;
+
+static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
+{
+	int found;
+	const char *arguments[] = { pgm, "", "", "", path, "", "", "", NULL };
+	char hexbuf[4][60];
+	char ownbuf[4][60];
+
+	if (pos >= active_nr)
+		die("git merge-index: %s not in the cache", path);
+	found = 0;
+	do {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		int stage = ce_stage(ce);
+
+		if (strcmp(ce->name, path))
+			break;
+		found++;
+		strcpy(hexbuf[stage], sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+		sprintf(ownbuf[stage], "%o", ce->ce_mode);
+		arguments[stage] = hexbuf[stage];
+		arguments[stage + 4] = ownbuf[stage];
+	} while (++pos < active_nr);
+	if (!found)
+		die("git merge-index: %s not in the cache", path);
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(arguments, 0)) {
+		if (one_shot)
+			err++;
+		else {
+			if (!quiet)
+				die("merge program failed");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+static void merge_file(const char *path)
+{
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
+
+	/*
+	 * If it already exists in the cache as stage0, it's
+	 * already merged and there is nothing to do.
+	 */
+	if (pos < 0)
+		merge_entry(-pos-1, path);
+}
+
+static void merge_all(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!ce_stage(ce))
+			continue;
+		i += merge_entry(i, ce->name)-1;
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, force_file = 0;
+
+	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
+	 * what happened to our children.
+	 */
+	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
+
+	if (argc < 3)
+		usage("git merge-index [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] <filename>*)");
+
+	read_cache();
+
+	i = 1;
+	if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-o")) {
+		one_shot = 1;
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-q")) {
+		quiet = 1;
+		i++;
+	}
+	pgm = argv[i++];
+	for (; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!force_file && *arg == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+				force_file = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-a")) {
+				merge_all();
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("git merge-index: unknown option %s", arg);
+		}
+		merge_file(arg);
+	}
+	if (err && !quiet)
+		die("merge program failed");
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge-ours.c b/builtin-merge-ours.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6844116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge-ours.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Implementation of git-merge-ours.sh as builtin
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Thomas Harning Jr
+ * Original:
+ * Original Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ *
+ * Pretend we resolved the heads, but declare our tree trumps everybody else.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char builtin_merge_ours_usage[] =
+	"git merge-ours <base>... -- HEAD <remote>...";
+
+static const char *diff_index_args[] = {
+	"diff-index", "--quiet", "--cached", "HEAD", "--", NULL
+};
+#define NARGS (ARRAY_SIZE(diff_index_args) - 1)
+
+int cmd_merge_ours(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(builtin_merge_ours_usage);
+
+	/*
+	 * We need to exit with 2 if the index does not match our HEAD tree,
+	 * because the current index is what we will be committing as the
+	 * merge result.
+	 */
+	if (cmd_diff_index(NARGS, diff_index_args, prefix))
+		exit(2);
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge-recursive.c b/builtin-merge-recursive.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8875d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge-recursive.c
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+
+static const char *better_branch_name(const char *branch)
+{
+	static char githead_env[8 + 40 + 1];
+	char *name;
+
+	if (strlen(branch) != 40)
+		return branch;
+	sprintf(githead_env, "GITHEAD_%s", branch);
+	name = getenv(githead_env);
+	return name ? name : branch;
+}
+
+int cmd_merge_recursive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const unsigned char *bases[21];
+	unsigned bases_count = 0;
+	int i, failed;
+	unsigned char h1[20], h2[20];
+	struct merge_options o;
+	struct commit *result;
+
+	init_merge_options(&o);
+	if (argv[0] && !suffixcmp(argv[0], "-subtree"))
+		o.subtree_shift = "";
+
+	if (argc < 4)
+		usagef("%s <base>... -- <head> <remote> ...", argv[0]);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			if (!arg[2])
+				break;
+			if (!strcmp(arg+2, "ours"))
+				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS;
+			else if (!strcmp(arg+2, "theirs"))
+				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
+			else if (!strcmp(arg+2, "subtree"))
+				o.subtree_shift = "";
+			else if (!prefixcmp(arg+2, "subtree="))
+				o.subtree_shift = arg + 10;
+			else
+				die("Unknown option %s", arg);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (bases_count < ARRAY_SIZE(bases)-1) {
+			unsigned char *sha = xmalloc(20);
+			if (get_sha1(argv[i], sha))
+				die("Could not parse object '%s'", argv[i]);
+			bases[bases_count++] = sha;
+		}
+		else
+			warning("Cannot handle more than %d bases. "
+				"Ignoring %s.",
+				(int)ARRAY_SIZE(bases)-1, argv[i]);
+	}
+	if (argc - i != 3) /* "--" "<head>" "<remote>" */
+		die("Not handling anything other than two heads merge.");
+
+	o.branch1 = argv[++i];
+	o.branch2 = argv[++i];
+
+	if (get_sha1(o.branch1, h1))
+		die("Could not resolve ref '%s'", o.branch1);
+	if (get_sha1(o.branch2, h2))
+		die("Could not resolve ref '%s'", o.branch2);
+
+	o.branch1 = better_branch_name(o.branch1);
+	o.branch2 = better_branch_name(o.branch2);
+
+	if (o.verbosity >= 3)
+		printf("Merging %s with %s\n", o.branch1, o.branch2);
+
+	failed = merge_recursive_generic(&o, h1, h2, bases_count, bases, &result);
+	if (failed < 0)
+		return 128; /* die() error code */
+	return failed;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge-tree.c b/builtin-merge-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4a4f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static const char merge_tree_usage[] = "git merge-tree <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>";
+static int resolve_directories = 1;
+
+struct merge_list {
+	struct merge_list *next;
+	struct merge_list *link;	/* other stages for this object */
+
+	unsigned int stage : 2,
+		     flags : 30;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	const char *path;
+	struct blob *blob;
+};
+
+static struct merge_list *merge_result, **merge_result_end = &merge_result;
+
+static void add_merge_entry(struct merge_list *entry)
+{
+	*merge_result_end = entry;
+	merge_result_end = &entry->next;
+}
+
+static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base);
+
+static const char *explanation(struct merge_list *entry)
+{
+	switch (entry->stage) {
+	case 0:
+		return "merged";
+	case 3:
+		return "added in remote";
+	case 2:
+		if (entry->link)
+			return "added in both";
+		return "added in local";
+	}
+
+	/* Existed in base */
+	entry = entry->link;
+	if (!entry)
+		return "removed in both";
+
+	if (entry->link)
+		return "changed in both";
+
+	if (entry->stage == 3)
+		return "removed in local";
+	return "removed in remote";
+}
+
+extern void *merge_file(const char *, struct blob *, struct blob *, struct blob *, unsigned long *);
+
+static void *result(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct blob *base, *our, *their;
+
+	if (!entry->stage)
+		return read_sha1_file(entry->blob->object.sha1, &type, size);
+	base = NULL;
+	if (entry->stage == 1) {
+		base = entry->blob;
+		entry = entry->link;
+	}
+	our = NULL;
+	if (entry && entry->stage == 2) {
+		our = entry->blob;
+		entry = entry->link;
+	}
+	their = NULL;
+	if (entry)
+		their = entry->blob;
+	return merge_file(entry->path, base, our, their, size);
+}
+
+static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	while (entry) {
+		if (entry->stage == 2)
+			return read_sha1_file(entry->blob->object.sha1, &type, size);
+		entry = entry->link;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int show_outf(void *priv_, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++)
+		printf("%.*s", (int) mb[i].size, mb[i].ptr);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_diff(struct merge_list *entry)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	mmfile_t src, dst;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
+	ecb.outf = show_outf;
+	ecb.priv = NULL;
+
+	src.ptr = origin(entry, &size);
+	if (!src.ptr)
+		size = 0;
+	src.size = size;
+	dst.ptr = result(entry, &size);
+	if (!dst.ptr)
+		size = 0;
+	dst.size = size;
+	xdi_diff(&src, &dst, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	free(src.ptr);
+	free(dst.ptr);
+}
+
+static void show_result_list(struct merge_list *entry)
+{
+	printf("%s\n", explanation(entry));
+	do {
+		struct merge_list *link = entry->link;
+		static const char *desc[4] = { "result", "base", "our", "their" };
+		printf("  %-6s %o %s %s\n", desc[entry->stage], entry->mode, sha1_to_hex(entry->blob->object.sha1), entry->path);
+		entry = link;
+	} while (entry);
+}
+
+static void show_result(void)
+{
+	struct merge_list *walk;
+
+	walk = merge_result;
+	while (walk) {
+		show_result_list(walk);
+		show_diff(walk);
+		walk = walk->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/* An empty entry never compares same, not even to another empty entry */
+static int same_entry(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return	a->sha1 &&
+		b->sha1 &&
+		!hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1) &&
+		a->mode == b->mode;
+}
+
+static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
+{
+	struct merge_list *res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
+
+	res->stage = stage;
+	res->path = path;
+	res->mode = mode;
+	res->blob = lookup_blob(sha1);
+	return res;
+}
+
+static char *traverse_path(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	char *path = xmalloc(traverse_path_len(info, n) + 1);
+	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
+}
+
+static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1, struct name_entry *result)
+{
+	struct merge_list *orig, *final;
+	const char *path;
+
+	/* If it's already branch1, don't bother showing it */
+	if (!branch1)
+		return;
+
+	path = traverse_path(info, result);
+	orig = create_entry(2, branch1->mode, branch1->sha1, path);
+	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->sha1, path);
+
+	final->link = orig;
+
+	add_merge_entry(final);
+}
+
+static int unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+{
+	char *newbase;
+	struct name_entry *p;
+	struct tree_desc t[3];
+	void *buf0, *buf1, *buf2;
+
+	if (!resolve_directories)
+		return 0;
+	p = n;
+	if (!p->mode) {
+		p++;
+		if (!p->mode)
+			p++;
+	}
+	if (!S_ISDIR(p->mode))
+		return 0;
+	newbase = traverse_path(info, p);
+	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, n[0].sha1);
+	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, n[1].sha1);
+	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, n[2].sha1);
+	merge_trees(t, newbase);
+
+	free(buf0);
+	free(buf1);
+	free(buf2);
+	free(newbase);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+
+static struct merge_list *link_entry(unsigned stage, const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *n, struct merge_list *entry)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	struct merge_list *link;
+
+	if (!n->mode)
+		return entry;
+	if (entry)
+		path = entry->path;
+	else
+		path = traverse_path(info, n);
+	link = create_entry(stage, n->mode, n->sha1, path);
+	link->link = entry;
+	return link;
+}
+
+static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+{
+	struct merge_list *entry = NULL;
+
+	if (unresolved_directory(info, n))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Do them in reverse order so that the resulting link
+	 * list has the stages in order - link_entry adds new
+	 * links at the front.
+	 */
+	entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
+	entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
+	entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
+
+	add_merge_entry(entry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Merge two trees together (t[1] and t[2]), using a common base (t[0])
+ * as the origin.
+ *
+ * This walks the (sorted) trees in lock-step, checking every possible
+ * name. Note that directories automatically sort differently from other
+ * files (see "base_name_compare"), so you'll never see file/directory
+ * conflicts, because they won't ever compare the same.
+ *
+ * IOW, if a directory changes to a filename, it will automatically be
+ * seen as the directory going away, and the filename being created.
+ *
+ * Think of this as a three-way diff.
+ *
+ * The output will be either:
+ *  - successful merge
+ *	 "0 mode sha1 filename"
+ *    NOTE NOTE NOTE! FIXME! We really really need to walk the index
+ *    in parallel with this too!
+ *
+ *  - conflict:
+ *	"1 mode sha1 filename"
+ *	"2 mode sha1 filename"
+ *	"3 mode sha1 filename"
+ *    where not all of the 1/2/3 lines may exist, of course.
+ *
+ * The successful merge rules are the same as for the three-way merge
+ * in git-read-tree.
+ */
+static int threeway_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	/* Same in both? */
+	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2)) {
+		if (entry[0].sha1) {
+			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+			return mask;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+1)) {
+		if (entry[2].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+			resolve(info, entry+1, entry+2);
+			return mask;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2)) {
+		if (entry[1].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[1].mode)) {
+			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+			return mask;
+		}
+	}
+
+	unresolved(info, entry);
+	return mask;
+}
+
+static void merge_trees(struct tree_desc t[3], const char *base)
+{
+	struct traverse_info info;
+
+	setup_traverse_info(&info, base);
+	info.fn = threeway_callback;
+	traverse_trees(3, t, &info);
+}
+
+static void *get_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *rev)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	void *buf;
+
+	if (get_sha1(rev, sha1))
+		die("unknown rev %s", rev);
+	buf = fill_tree_descriptor(desc, sha1);
+	if (!buf)
+		die("%s is not a tree", rev);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+int cmd_merge_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct tree_desc t[3];
+	void *buf1, *buf2, *buf3;
+
+	if (argc != 4)
+		usage(merge_tree_usage);
+
+	buf1 = get_tree_descriptor(t+0, argv[1]);
+	buf2 = get_tree_descriptor(t+1, argv[2]);
+	buf3 = get_tree_descriptor(t+2, argv[3]);
+	merge_trees(t, "");
+	free(buf1);
+	free(buf2);
+	free(buf3);
+
+	show_result();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-merge.c b/builtin-merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aaec7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1292 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git merge"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008 Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org>
+ *
+ * Based on git-merge.sh by Junio C Hamano.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "help.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+
+#define DEFAULT_TWOHEAD (1<<0)
+#define DEFAULT_OCTOPUS (1<<1)
+#define NO_FAST_FORWARD (1<<2)
+#define NO_TRIVIAL      (1<<3)
+
+struct strategy {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned attr;
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
+	"git merge [options] <remote>...",
+	"git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <remote>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int show_diffstat = 1, option_log, squash;
+static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
+static int fast_forward_only;
+static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
+static struct strbuf merge_msg;
+static struct commit_list *remoteheads;
+static unsigned char head[20], stash[20];
+static struct strategy **use_strategies;
+static size_t use_strategies_nr, use_strategies_alloc;
+static const char **xopts;
+static size_t xopts_nr, xopts_alloc;
+static const char *branch;
+static int verbosity;
+static int allow_rerere_auto;
+
+static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
+	{ "recursive",  DEFAULT_TWOHEAD | NO_TRIVIAL },
+	{ "octopus",    DEFAULT_OCTOPUS },
+	{ "resolve",    0 },
+	{ "ours",       NO_FAST_FORWARD | NO_TRIVIAL },
+	{ "subtree",    NO_FAST_FORWARD | NO_TRIVIAL },
+};
+
+static const char *pull_twohead, *pull_octopus;
+
+static int option_parse_message(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
+
+	if (unset)
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
+	else if (arg) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s%s", buf->len ? "\n\n" : "", arg);
+		have_message = 1;
+	} else
+		return error("switch `m' requires a value");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct strategy *get_strategy(const char *name)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct strategy *ret;
+	static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
+	static int loaded;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(all_strategy); i++)
+		if (!strcmp(name, all_strategy[i].name))
+			return &all_strategy[i];
+
+	if (!loaded) {
+		struct cmdnames not_strategies;
+		loaded = 1;
+
+		memset(&not_strategies, 0, sizeof(struct cmdnames));
+		load_command_list("git-merge-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+		for (i = 0; i < main_cmds.cnt; i++) {
+			int j, found = 0;
+			struct cmdname *ent = main_cmds.names[i];
+			for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(all_strategy); j++)
+				if (!strncmp(ent->name, all_strategy[j].name, ent->len)
+						&& !all_strategy[j].name[ent->len])
+					found = 1;
+			if (!found)
+				add_cmdname(&not_strategies, ent->name, ent->len);
+		}
+		exclude_cmds(&main_cmds, &not_strategies);
+	}
+	if (!is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, name) && !is_in_cmdlist(&other_cmds, name)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n", name);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Available strategies are:");
+		for (i = 0; i < main_cmds.cnt; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, " %s", main_cmds.names[i]->name);
+		fprintf(stderr, ".\n");
+		if (other_cmds.cnt) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Available custom strategies are:");
+			for (i = 0; i < other_cmds.cnt; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr, " %s", other_cmds.names[i]->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, ".\n");
+		}
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct strategy));
+	ret->name = xstrdup(name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void append_strategy(struct strategy *s)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(use_strategies, use_strategies_nr + 1, use_strategies_alloc);
+	use_strategies[use_strategies_nr++] = s;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_strategy(const struct option *opt,
+				 const char *name, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset)
+		return 0;
+
+	append_strategy(get_strategy(name));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_x(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset)
+		return 0;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(xopts, xopts_nr + 1, xopts_alloc);
+	xopts[xopts_nr++] = xstrdup(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_n(const struct option *opt,
+			  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	show_diffstat = unset;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', NULL, NULL, NULL,
+		"do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge",
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_n },
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
+		"show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, "(synonym to --stat)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "log", &option_log,
+		"add list of one-line log to merge commit message"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
+		"create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
+		"perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
+		"allow fast-forward (default)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
+		"abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+	OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, "strategy",
+		"merge strategy to use", option_parse_strategy),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, "option=value",
+		"option for selected merge strategy", option_parse_x),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, "message",
+		"message to be used for the merge commit (if any)",
+		option_parse_message),
+	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+/* Cleans up metadata that is uninteresting after a succeeded merge. */
+static void drop_save(void)
+{
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
+	unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+}
+
+static void save_state(void)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {"stash", "create", NULL};
+
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.out = -1;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	if (start_command(&cp))
+		die("could not run stash.");
+	len = strbuf_read(&buffer, cp.out, 1024);
+	close(cp.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cp) || len < 0)
+		die("stash failed");
+	else if (!len)
+		return;
+	strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len-1);
+	if (get_sha1(buffer.buf, stash))
+		die("not a valid object: %s", buffer.buf);
+}
+
+static void reset_hard(unsigned const char *sha1, int verbose)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	const char *args[6];
+
+	args[i++] = "read-tree";
+	if (verbose)
+		args[i++] = "-v";
+	args[i++] = "--reset";
+	args[i++] = "-u";
+	args[i++] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+	args[i] = NULL;
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		die("read-tree failed");
+}
+
+static void restore_state(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *args[] = { "stash", "apply", NULL, NULL };
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(stash))
+		return;
+
+	reset_hard(head, 1);
+
+	args[2] = sha1_to_hex(stash);
+
+	/*
+	 * It is OK to ignore error here, for example when there was
+	 * nothing to restore.
+	 */
+	run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+}
+
+/* This is called when no merge was necessary. */
+static void finish_up_to_date(const char *msg)
+{
+	if (verbosity >= 0)
+		printf("%s%s\n", squash ? " (nothing to squash)" : "", msg);
+	drop_save();
+}
+
+static void squash_message(void)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct commit_list *j;
+	int fd;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+
+	printf("Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n");
+	fd = open(git_path("SQUASH_MSG"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("SQUASH_MSG"));
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	rev.ignore_merges = 1;
+	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM;
+
+	commit = lookup_commit(head);
+	commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	add_pending_object(&rev, &commit->object, NULL);
+
+	for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
+		add_pending_object(&rev, &j->item->object, NULL);
+
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	ctx.abbrev = rev.abbrev;
+	ctx.date_mode = rev.date_mode;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&out, "Squashed commit of the following:\n");
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
+		strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(&out, "commit %s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		pretty_print_commit(rev.commit_format, commit, &out, &ctx);
+	}
+	if (write(fd, out.buf, out.len) < 0)
+		die_errno("Writing SQUASH_MSG");
+	if (close(fd))
+		die_errno("Finishing SQUASH_MSG");
+	strbuf_release(&out);
+}
+
+static void finish(const unsigned char *new_head, const char *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf reflog_message = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!msg)
+		strbuf_addstr(&reflog_message, getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"));
+	else {
+		if (verbosity >= 0)
+			printf("%s\n", msg);
+		strbuf_addf(&reflog_message, "%s: %s",
+			getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"), msg);
+	}
+	if (squash) {
+		squash_message();
+	} else {
+		if (verbosity >= 0 && !merge_msg.len)
+			printf("No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n");
+		else {
+			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = { "gc", "--auto", NULL };
+			update_ref(reflog_message.buf, "HEAD",
+				new_head, head, 0,
+				DIE_ON_ERR);
+			/*
+			 * We ignore errors in 'gc --auto', since the
+			 * user should see them.
+			 */
+			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		}
+	}
+	if (new_head && show_diffstat) {
+		struct diff_options opts;
+		diff_setup(&opts);
+		opts.output_format |=
+			DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+		opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+		if (diff_use_color_default > 0)
+			DIFF_OPT_SET(&opts, COLOR_DIFF);
+		if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
+			die("diff_setup_done failed");
+		diff_tree_sha1(head, new_head, "", &opts);
+		diffcore_std(&opts);
+		diff_flush(&opts);
+	}
+
+	/* Run a post-merge hook */
+	run_hook(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&reflog_message);
+}
+
+/* Get the name for the merge commit's message. */
+static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
+{
+	struct object *remote_head;
+	unsigned char branch_head[20], buf_sha[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf bname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *ptr;
+	char *found_ref;
+	int len, early;
+
+	strbuf_branchname(&bname, remote);
+	remote = bname.buf;
+
+	memset(branch_head, 0, sizeof(branch_head));
+	remote_head = peel_to_type(remote, 0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
+	if (!remote_head)
+		die("'%s' does not point to a commit", remote);
+
+	if (dwim_ref(remote, strlen(remote), branch_head, &found_ref) > 0) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tbranch '%s' of .\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote branch '%s' of .\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* See if remote matches <name>^^^.. or <name>~<number> */
+	for (len = 0, ptr = remote + strlen(remote);
+	     remote < ptr && ptr[-1] == '^';
+	     ptr--)
+		len++;
+	if (len)
+		early = 1;
+	else {
+		early = 0;
+		ptr = strrchr(remote, '~');
+		if (ptr) {
+			int seen_nonzero = 0;
+
+			len++; /* count ~ */
+			while (*++ptr && isdigit(*ptr)) {
+				seen_nonzero |= (*ptr != '0');
+				len++;
+			}
+			if (*ptr)
+				len = 0; /* not ...~<number> */
+			else if (seen_nonzero)
+				early = 1;
+			else if (len == 1)
+				early = 1; /* "name~" is "name~1"! */
+		}
+	}
+	if (len) {
+		struct strbuf truname = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&truname, "refs/heads/");
+		strbuf_addstr(&truname, remote);
+		strbuf_setlen(&truname, truname.len - len);
+		if (resolve_ref(truname.buf, buf_sha, 0, NULL)) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg,
+				    "%s\t\tbranch '%s'%s of .\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(remote_head->sha1),
+				    truname.buf + 11,
+				    (early ? " (early part)" : ""));
+			strbuf_release(&truname);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(remote, "FETCH_HEAD") &&
+			!access(git_path("FETCH_HEAD"), R_OK)) {
+		FILE *fp;
+		struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+		char *ptr;
+
+		fp = fopen(git_path("FETCH_HEAD"), "r");
+		if (!fp)
+			die_errno("could not open '%s' for reading",
+				  git_path("FETCH_HEAD"));
+		strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n');
+		fclose(fp);
+		ptr = strstr(line.buf, "\tnot-for-merge\t");
+		if (ptr)
+			strbuf_remove(&line, ptr-line.buf+1, 13);
+		strbuf_addbuf(msg, &line);
+		strbuf_release(&line);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
+		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->sha1), remote);
+cleanup:
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&bname);
+}
+
+static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (branch && !prefixcmp(k, "branch.") &&
+		!prefixcmp(k + 7, branch) &&
+		!strcmp(k + 7 + strlen(branch), ".mergeoptions")) {
+		const char **argv;
+		int argc;
+		char *buf;
+
+		buf = xstrdup(v);
+		argc = split_cmdline(buf, &argv);
+		if (argc < 0)
+			die("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string", branch);
+		argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
+		memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
+		argc++;
+		parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, builtin_merge_options,
+			      builtin_merge_usage, 0);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "merge.diffstat") || !strcmp(k, "merge.stat"))
+		show_diffstat = git_config_bool(k, v);
+	else if (!strcmp(k, "pull.twohead"))
+		return git_config_string(&pull_twohead, k, v);
+	else if (!strcmp(k, "pull.octopus"))
+		return git_config_string(&pull_octopus, k, v);
+	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.log") || !strcmp(k, "merge.summary"))
+		option_log = git_config_bool(k, v);
+	return git_diff_ui_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+static int read_tree_trivial(unsigned char *common, unsigned char *head,
+			     unsigned char *one)
+{
+	int i, nr_trees = 0;
+	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 2;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	opts.trivial_merges_only = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(common);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(one);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	opts.fn = threeway_merge;
+	cache_tree_free(&active_cache_tree);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		parse_tree(trees[i]);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_tree_trivial(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (write_cache_as_tree(sha1, 0, NULL))
+		die("git write-tree failed to write a tree");
+}
+
+static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
+			      const char *head_arg)
+{
+	const char **args;
+	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
+	struct commit_list *j;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int index_fd;
+	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+		return error("Unable to write index.");
+	rollback_lock_file(lock);
+
+	if (!strcmp(strategy, "recursive") || !strcmp(strategy, "subtree")) {
+		int clean;
+		struct commit *result;
+		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+		int index_fd;
+		struct commit_list *reversed = NULL;
+		struct merge_options o;
+
+		if (remoteheads->next) {
+			error("Not handling anything other than two heads merge.");
+			return 2;
+		}
+
+		init_merge_options(&o);
+		if (!strcmp(strategy, "subtree"))
+			o.subtree_shift = "";
+
+		for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
+			if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "ours"))
+				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS;
+			else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "theirs"))
+				o.recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
+			else if (!strcmp(xopts[x], "subtree"))
+				o.subtree_shift = "";
+			else if (!prefixcmp(xopts[x], "subtree="))
+				o.subtree_shift = xopts[x]+8;
+			else
+				die("Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s", xopts[x]);
+		}
+
+		o.branch1 = head_arg;
+		o.branch2 = remoteheads->item->util;
+
+		for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+			commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
+
+		index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		clean = merge_recursive(&o, lookup_commit(head),
+				remoteheads->item, reversed, &result);
+		if (active_cache_changed &&
+				(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+				 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+			die ("unable to write %s", get_index_file());
+		rollback_lock_file(lock);
+		return clean ? 0 : 1;
+	} else {
+		args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
+					commit_list_count(remoteheads)) * sizeof(char *));
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
+		args[i++] = buf.buf;
+		for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
+			char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
+			strcpy(s, "--");
+			strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
+			args[i++] = s;
+		}
+		for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+			args[i++] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
+		args[i++] = "--";
+		args[i++] = head_arg;
+		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
+			args[i++] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
+		args[i] = NULL;
+		ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		i = 1;
+		for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
+			free((void *)args[i++]);
+		for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+			free((void *)args[i++]);
+		i += 2;
+		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
+			free((void *)args[i++]);
+		free(args);
+		discard_cache();
+		if (read_cache() < 0)
+			die("failed to read the cache");
+		resolve_undo_clear();
+		return ret;
+	}
+}
+
+static void count_diff_files(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+			     struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
+{
+	int *count = data;
+
+	(*count) += q->nr;
+}
+
+static int count_unmerged_entries(void)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++)
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[i]))
+			ret++;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int checkout_fast_forward(unsigned char *head, unsigned char *remote)
+{
+	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+	dir.exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+	opts.dir = &dir;
+
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+	opts.msgs = get_porcelain_error_msgs();
+
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		parse_tree(trees[i]);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		die("unable to write new index file");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void split_merge_strategies(const char *string, struct strategy **list,
+				   int *nr, int *alloc)
+{
+	char *p, *q, *buf;
+
+	if (!string)
+		return;
+
+	buf = xstrdup(string);
+	q = buf;
+	for (;;) {
+		p = strchr(q, ' ');
+		if (!p) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(*list, *nr + 1, *alloc);
+			(*list)[(*nr)++].name = xstrdup(q);
+			free(buf);
+			return;
+		} else {
+			*p = '\0';
+			ALLOC_GROW(*list, *nr + 1, *alloc);
+			(*list)[(*nr)++].name = xstrdup(q);
+			q = ++p;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_strategies(const char *string, unsigned attr)
+{
+	struct strategy *list = NULL;
+	int list_alloc = 0, list_nr = 0, i;
+
+	memset(&list, 0, sizeof(list));
+	split_merge_strategies(string, &list, &list_nr, &list_alloc);
+	if (list) {
+		for (i = 0; i < list_nr; i++)
+			append_strategy(get_strategy(list[i].name));
+		return;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(all_strategy); i++)
+		if (all_strategy[i].attr & attr)
+			append_strategy(&all_strategy[i]);
+
+}
+
+static int merge_trivial(void)
+{
+	unsigned char result_tree[20], result_commit[20];
+	struct commit_list *parent = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent));
+
+	write_tree_trivial(result_tree);
+	printf("Wonderful.\n");
+	parent->item = lookup_commit(head);
+	parent->next = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent->next));
+	parent->next->item = remoteheads->item;
+	parent->next->next = NULL;
+	commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, result_tree, parent, result_commit, NULL);
+	finish(result_commit, "In-index merge");
+	drop_save();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int finish_automerge(struct commit_list *common,
+			    unsigned char *result_tree,
+			    const char *wt_strategy)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, *j;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char result_commit[20];
+
+	free_commit_list(common);
+	if (allow_fast_forward) {
+		parents = remoteheads;
+		commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head), &parents);
+		parents = reduce_heads(parents);
+	} else {
+		struct commit_list **pptr = &parents;
+
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head),
+				pptr)->next;
+		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
+			pptr = &commit_list_insert(j->item, pptr)->next;
+	}
+	free_commit_list(remoteheads);
+	strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
+	commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, result_tree, parents, result_commit, NULL);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge made by %s.", wt_strategy);
+	finish(result_commit, buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	drop_save();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int suggest_conflicts(void)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	int pos;
+
+	fp = fopen(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "a");
+	if (!fp)
+		die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
+			  git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
+	fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
+	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			fprintf(fp, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
+			while (pos + 1 < active_nr &&
+					!strcmp(ce->name,
+						active_cache[pos + 1]->name))
+				pos++;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	rerere(allow_rerere_auto);
+	printf("Automatic merge failed; "
+			"fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n");
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct commit *is_old_style_invocation(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct commit *second_token = NULL;
+	if (argc > 2) {
+		unsigned char second_sha1[20];
+
+		if (get_sha1(argv[1], second_sha1))
+			return NULL;
+		second_token = lookup_commit_reference_gently(second_sha1, 0);
+		if (!second_token)
+			die("'%s' is not a commit", argv[1]);
+		if (hashcmp(second_token->object.sha1, head))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	return second_token;
+}
+
+static int evaluate_result(void)
+{
+	int cnt = 0;
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	/* Check how many files differ. */
+	init_revisions(&rev, "");
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+	rev.diffopt.output_format |=
+		DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback = count_diff_files;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &cnt;
+	run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check how many unmerged entries are
+	 * there.
+	 */
+	cnt += count_unmerged_entries();
+
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	unsigned char result_tree[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *head_arg;
+	int flag, head_invalid = 0, i;
+	int best_cnt = -1, merge_was_ok = 0, automerge_was_ok = 0;
+	struct commit_list *common = NULL;
+	const char *best_strategy = NULL, *wt_strategy = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
+
+	if (read_cache_unmerged()) {
+		die_resolve_conflict("merge");
+	}
+	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
+		/*
+		 * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
+		 * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
+		 */
+		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
+			die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+			    "Please, commit your changes before you can merge.");
+		else
+			die("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).");
+	}
+
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+	/*
+	 * Check if we are _not_ on a detached HEAD, i.e. if there is a
+	 * current branch.
+	 */
+	branch = resolve_ref("HEAD", head, 0, &flag);
+	if (branch && !prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/"))
+		branch += 11;
+	if (is_null_sha1(head))
+		head_invalid = 1;
+
+	git_config(git_merge_config, NULL);
+
+	/* for color.ui */
+	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
+		diff_use_color_default = git_use_color_default;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_merge_options,
+			builtin_merge_usage, 0);
+	if (verbosity < 0)
+		show_diffstat = 0;
+
+	if (squash) {
+		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+			die("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff.");
+		option_commit = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!allow_fast_forward && fast_forward_only)
+		die("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only.");
+
+	if (!argc)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
+			builtin_merge_options);
+
+	/*
+	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
+	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
+	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
+	 * committish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
+	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
+	 */
+
+	if (!have_message && is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv)) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&merge_msg, argv[0]);
+		head_arg = argv[1];
+		argv += 2;
+		argc -= 2;
+	} else if (head_invalid) {
+		struct object *remote_head;
+		/*
+		 * If the merged head is a valid one there is no reason
+		 * to forbid "git merge" into a branch yet to be born.
+		 * We do the same for "git pull".
+		 */
+		if (argc != 1)
+			die("Can merge only exactly one commit into "
+				"empty head");
+		if (squash)
+			die("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet");
+		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+			die("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
+			    "an empty head");
+		remote_head = peel_to_type(argv[0], 0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
+		if (!remote_head)
+			die("%s - not something we can merge", argv[0]);
+		update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head->sha1, NULL, 0,
+				DIE_ON_ERR);
+		reset_hard(remote_head->sha1, 0);
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		/* We are invoked directly as the first-class UI. */
+		head_arg = "HEAD";
+
+		/*
+		 * All the rest are the commits being merged;
+		 * prepare the standard merge summary message to
+		 * be appended to the given message.  If remote
+		 * is invalid we will die later in the common
+		 * codepath so we discard the error in this
+		 * loop.
+		 */
+		if (!have_message) {
+			for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+				merge_name(argv[i], &msg);
+			fmt_merge_msg(option_log, &msg, &merge_msg);
+			if (merge_msg.len)
+				strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len-1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (head_invalid || !argc)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
+			builtin_merge_options);
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "merge");
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", argv[i]);
+	setenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION", buf.buf, 0);
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		struct object *o;
+		struct commit *commit;
+
+		o = peel_to_type(argv[i], 0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
+		if (!o)
+			die("%s - not something we can merge", argv[i]);
+		commit = lookup_commit(o->sha1);
+		commit->util = (void *)argv[i];
+		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "GITHEAD_%s", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
+		setenv(buf.buf, argv[i], 1);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+
+	if (!use_strategies) {
+		if (!remoteheads->next)
+			add_strategies(pull_twohead, DEFAULT_TWOHEAD);
+		else
+			add_strategies(pull_octopus, DEFAULT_OCTOPUS);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
+		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_FAST_FORWARD)
+			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_TRIVIAL)
+			allow_trivial = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!remoteheads->next)
+		common = get_merge_bases(lookup_commit(head),
+				remoteheads->item, 1);
+	else {
+		struct commit_list *list = remoteheads;
+		commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(head), &list);
+		common = get_octopus_merge_bases(list);
+		free(list);
+	}
+
+	update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head, NULL, 0,
+		DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	if (!common)
+		; /* No common ancestors found. We need a real merge. */
+	else if (!remoteheads->next && !common->next &&
+			common->item == remoteheads->item) {
+		/*
+		 * If head can reach all the merge then we are up to date.
+		 * but first the most common case of merging one remote.
+		 */
+		finish_up_to_date("Already up-to-date.");
+		return 0;
+	} else if (allow_fast_forward && !remoteheads->next &&
+			!common->next &&
+			!hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head)) {
+		/* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct object *o;
+		char hex[41];
+
+		strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(head, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+
+		if (verbosity >= 0)
+			printf("Updating %s..%s\n",
+				hex,
+				find_unique_abbrev(remoteheads->item->object.sha1,
+				DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msg, "Fast-forward");
+		if (have_message)
+			strbuf_addstr(&msg,
+				" (no commit created; -m option ignored)");
+		o = peel_to_type(sha1_to_hex(remoteheads->item->object.sha1),
+			0, NULL, OBJ_COMMIT);
+		if (!o)
+			return 1;
+
+		if (checkout_fast_forward(head, remoteheads->item->object.sha1))
+			return 1;
+
+		finish(o->sha1, msg.buf);
+		drop_save();
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!remoteheads->next && common->next)
+		;
+		/*
+		 * We are not doing octopus and not fast-forward.  Need
+		 * a real merge.
+		 */
+	else if (!remoteheads->next && !common->next && option_commit) {
+		/*
+		 * We are not doing octopus, not fast-forward, and have
+		 * only one common.
+		 */
+		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+		if (allow_trivial && !fast_forward_only) {
+			/* See if it is really trivial. */
+			git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+			printf("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n");
+			if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.sha1,
+					head, remoteheads->item->object.sha1))
+				return merge_trivial();
+			printf("Nope.\n");
+		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * An octopus.  If we can reach all the remote we are up
+		 * to date.
+		 */
+		int up_to_date = 1;
+		struct commit_list *j;
+
+		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next) {
+			struct commit_list *common_one;
+
+			/*
+			 * Here we *have* to calculate the individual
+			 * merge_bases again, otherwise "git merge HEAD^
+			 * HEAD^^" would be missed.
+			 */
+			common_one = get_merge_bases(lookup_commit(head),
+				j->item, 1);
+			if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.sha1,
+				j->item->object.sha1)) {
+				up_to_date = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (up_to_date) {
+			finish_up_to_date("Already up-to-date. Yeeah!");
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (fast_forward_only)
+		die("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting.");
+
+	/* We are going to make a new commit. */
+	git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, we need a real merge.  No matter what strategy
+	 * we use, it would operate on the index, possibly affecting the
+	 * working tree, and when resolved cleanly, have the desired
+	 * tree in the index -- this means that the index must be in
+	 * sync with the head commit.  The strategies are responsible
+	 * to ensure this.
+	 */
+	if (use_strategies_nr != 1) {
+		/*
+		 * Stash away the local changes so that we can try more
+		 * than one.
+		 */
+		save_state();
+	} else {
+		memcpy(stash, null_sha1, 20);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
+		int ret;
+		if (i) {
+			printf("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n");
+			restore_state();
+		}
+		if (use_strategies_nr != 1)
+			printf("Trying merge strategy %s...\n",
+				use_strategies[i]->name);
+		/*
+		 * Remember which strategy left the state in the working
+		 * tree.
+		 */
+		wt_strategy = use_strategies[i]->name;
+
+		ret = try_merge_strategy(use_strategies[i]->name,
+			common, head_arg);
+		if (!option_commit && !ret) {
+			merge_was_ok = 1;
+			/*
+			 * This is necessary here just to avoid writing
+			 * the tree, but later we will *not* exit with
+			 * status code 1 because merge_was_ok is set.
+			 */
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (ret) {
+			/*
+			 * The backend exits with 1 when conflicts are
+			 * left to be resolved, with 2 when it does not
+			 * handle the given merge at all.
+			 */
+			if (ret == 1) {
+				int cnt = evaluate_result();
+
+				if (best_cnt <= 0 || cnt <= best_cnt) {
+					best_strategy = use_strategies[i]->name;
+					best_cnt = cnt;
+				}
+			}
+			if (merge_was_ok)
+				break;
+			else
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Automerge succeeded. */
+		write_tree_trivial(result_tree);
+		automerge_was_ok = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have a resulting tree, that means the strategy module
+	 * auto resolved the merge cleanly.
+	 */
+	if (automerge_was_ok)
+		return finish_automerge(common, result_tree, wt_strategy);
+
+	/*
+	 * Pick the result from the best strategy and have the user fix
+	 * it up.
+	 */
+	if (!best_strategy) {
+		restore_state();
+		if (use_strategies_nr > 1)
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"No merge strategy handled the merge.\n");
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr, "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n",
+				use_strategies[0]->name);
+		return 2;
+	} else if (best_strategy == wt_strategy)
+		; /* We already have its result in the working tree. */
+	else {
+		printf("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n");
+		restore_state();
+		printf("Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n",
+			best_strategy);
+		try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, head_arg);
+	}
+
+	if (squash)
+		finish(NULL, NULL);
+	else {
+		int fd;
+		struct commit_list *j;
+
+		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(j->item->object.sha1));
+		fd = open(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
+				  git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+		if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
+			die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
+		close(fd);
+		strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
+		fd = open(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
+				  git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
+		if (write_in_full(fd, merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len) !=
+			merge_msg.len)
+			die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
+		close(fd);
+		fd = open(git_path("MERGE_MODE"), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Could not open '%s' for writing",
+				  git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
+		if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
+			die_errno("Could not write to '%s'", git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+		close(fd);
+	}
+
+	if (merge_was_ok) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Automatic merge went well; "
+			"stopped before committing as requested\n");
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return suggest_conflicts();
+}
diff --git a/builtin-mktag.c b/builtin-mktag.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cb0f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-mktag.c
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+/*
+ * A signature file has a very simple fixed format: four lines
+ * of "object <sha1>" + "type <typename>" + "tag <tagname>" +
+ * "tagger <committer>", followed by a blank line, a free-form tag
+ * message and a signature block that git itself doesn't care about,
+ * but that can be verified with gpg or similar.
+ *
+ * The first four lines are guaranteed to be at least 83 bytes:
+ * "object <sha1>\n" is 48 bytes, "type tag\n" at 9 bytes is the
+ * shortest possible type-line, "tag .\n" at 6 bytes is the shortest
+ * single-character-tag line, and "tagger . <> 0 +0000\n" at 20 bytes is
+ * the shortest possible tagger-line.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * We refuse to tag something we can't verify. Just because.
+ */
+static int verify_object(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *expected_type)
+{
+	int ret = -1;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+	const unsigned char *repl;
+	void *buffer = read_sha1_file_repl(sha1, &type, &size, &repl);
+
+	if (buffer) {
+		if (type == type_from_string(expected_type))
+			ret = check_sha1_signature(repl, buffer, size, expected_type);
+		free(buffer);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef NO_C99_FORMAT
+#define PD_FMT "%d"
+#else
+#define PD_FMT "%td"
+#endif
+
+static int verify_tag(char *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	int typelen;
+	char type[20];
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *object, *type_line, *tag_line, *tagger_line, *lb, *rb;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (size < 84)
+		return error("wanna fool me ? you obviously got the size wrong !");
+
+	buffer[size] = 0;
+
+	/* Verify object line */
+	object = buffer;
+	if (memcmp(object, "object ", 7))
+		return error("char%d: does not start with \"object \"", 0);
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(object + 7, sha1))
+		return error("char%d: could not get SHA1 hash", 7);
+
+	/* Verify type line */
+	type_line = object + 48;
+	if (memcmp(type_line - 1, "\ntype ", 6))
+		return error("char%d: could not find \"\\ntype \"", 47);
+
+	/* Verify tag-line */
+	tag_line = strchr(type_line, '\n');
+	if (!tag_line)
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": could not find next \"\\n\"", type_line - buffer);
+	tag_line++;
+	if (memcmp(tag_line, "tag ", 4) || tag_line[4] == '\n')
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": no \"tag \" found", tag_line - buffer);
+
+	/* Get the actual type */
+	typelen = tag_line - type_line - strlen("type \n");
+	if (typelen >= sizeof(type))
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": type too long", type_line+5 - buffer);
+
+	memcpy(type, type_line+5, typelen);
+	type[typelen] = 0;
+
+	/* Verify that the object matches */
+	if (verify_object(sha1, type))
+		return error("char%d: could not verify object %s", 7, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	/* Verify the tag-name: we don't allow control characters or spaces in it */
+	tag_line += 4;
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *tag_line++;
+		if (c == '\n')
+			break;
+		if (c > ' ')
+			continue;
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": could not verify tag name", tag_line - buffer);
+	}
+
+	/* Verify the tagger line */
+	tagger_line = tag_line;
+
+	if (memcmp(tagger_line, "tagger ", 7))
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": could not find \"tagger \"",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for correct form for name and email
+	 * i.e. " <" followed by "> " on _this_ line
+	 * No angle brackets within the name or email address fields.
+	 * No spaces within the email address field.
+	 */
+	tagger_line += 7;
+	if (!(lb = strstr(tagger_line, " <")) || !(rb = strstr(lb+2, "> ")) ||
+		strpbrk(tagger_line, "<>\n") != lb+1 ||
+		strpbrk(lb+2, "><\n ") != rb)
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": malformed tagger field",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+
+	/* Check for author name, at least one character, space is acceptable */
+	if (lb == tagger_line)
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": missing tagger name",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+
+	/* timestamp, 1 or more digits followed by space */
+	tagger_line = rb + 2;
+	if (!(len = strspn(tagger_line, "0123456789")))
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": missing tag timestamp",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+	tagger_line += len;
+	if (*tagger_line != ' ')
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": malformed tag timestamp",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+	tagger_line++;
+
+	/* timezone, 5 digits [+-]hhmm, max. 1400 */
+	if (!((tagger_line[0] == '+' || tagger_line[0] == '-') &&
+	      strspn(tagger_line+1, "0123456789") == 4 &&
+	      tagger_line[5] == '\n' && atoi(tagger_line+1) <= 1400))
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": malformed tag timezone",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+	tagger_line += 6;
+
+	/* Verify the blank line separating the header from the body */
+	if (*tagger_line != '\n')
+		return error("char" PD_FMT ": trailing garbage in tag header",
+			tagger_line - buffer);
+
+	/* The actual stuff afterwards we don't care about.. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#undef PD_FMT
+
+int cmd_mktag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char result_sha1[20];
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage("git mktag < signaturefile");
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 4096) < 0) {
+		die_errno("could not read from stdin");
+	}
+
+	/* Verify it for some basic sanity: it needs to start with
+	   "object <sha1>\ntype\ntagger " */
+	if (verify_tag(buf.buf, buf.len) < 0)
+		die("invalid tag signature file");
+
+	if (write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, tag_type, result_sha1) < 0)
+		die("unable to write tag file");
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-mktree.c b/builtin-mktree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..098395f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-mktree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - the stupid content tracker
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Junio C Hamano, 2006, 2009
+ */
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static struct treeent {
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int len;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+} **entries;
+static int alloc, used;
+
+static void append_to_tree(unsigned mode, unsigned char *sha1, char *path)
+{
+	struct treeent *ent;
+	int len = strlen(path);
+	if (strchr(path, '/'))
+		die("path %s contains slash", path);
+
+	if (alloc <= used) {
+		alloc = alloc_nr(used);
+		entries = xrealloc(entries, sizeof(*entries) * alloc);
+	}
+	ent = entries[used++] = xmalloc(sizeof(**entries) + len + 1);
+	ent->mode = mode;
+	ent->len = len;
+	hashcpy(ent->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(ent->name, path, len+1);
+}
+
+static int ent_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct treeent *a = *(struct treeent **)a_;
+	struct treeent *b = *(struct treeent **)b_;
+	return base_name_compare(a->name, a->len, a->mode,
+				 b->name, b->len, b->mode);
+}
+
+static void write_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	size_t size;
+	int i;
+
+	qsort(entries, used, sizeof(*entries), ent_compare);
+	for (size = i = 0; i < used; i++)
+		size += 32 + entries[i]->len;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, size);
+	for (i = 0; i < used; i++) {
+		struct treeent *ent = entries[i];
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%o %s%c", ent->mode, ent->name, '\0');
+		strbuf_add(&buf, ent->sha1, 20);
+	}
+
+	write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, tree_type, sha1);
+}
+
+static const char *mktree_usage[] = {
+	"git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static void mktree_line(char *buf, size_t len, int line_termination, int allow_missing)
+{
+	char *ptr, *ntr;
+	unsigned mode;
+	enum object_type mode_type; /* object type derived from mode */
+	enum object_type obj_type; /* object type derived from sha */
+	char *path;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	ptr = buf;
+	/*
+	 * Read non-recursive ls-tree output format:
+	 *     mode SP type SP sha1 TAB name
+	 */
+	mode = strtoul(ptr, &ntr, 8);
+	if (ptr == ntr || !ntr || *ntr != ' ')
+		die("input format error: %s", buf);
+	ptr = ntr + 1; /* type */
+	ntr = strchr(ptr, ' ');
+	if (!ntr || buf + len <= ntr + 40 ||
+	    ntr[41] != '\t' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(ntr + 1, sha1))
+		die("input format error: %s", buf);
+
+	/* It is perfectly normal if we do not have a commit from a submodule */
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		allow_missing = 1;
+
+
+	*ntr++ = 0; /* now at the beginning of SHA1 */
+
+	path = ntr + 41;  /* at the beginning of name */
+	if (line_termination && path[0] == '"') {
+		struct strbuf p_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (unquote_c_style(&p_uq, path, NULL))
+			die("invalid quoting");
+		path = strbuf_detach(&p_uq, NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Object type is redundantly derivable three ways.
+	 * These should all agree.
+	 */
+	mode_type = object_type(mode);
+	if (mode_type != type_from_string(ptr)) {
+		die("entry '%s' object type (%s) doesn't match mode type (%s)",
+			path, ptr, typename(mode_type));
+	}
+
+	/* Check the type of object identified by sha1 */
+	obj_type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (obj_type < 0) {
+		if (allow_missing) {
+			; /* no problem - missing objects are presumed to be of the right type */
+		} else {
+			die("entry '%s' object %s is unavailable", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (obj_type != mode_type) {
+			/*
+			 * The object exists but is of the wrong type.
+			 * This is a problem regardless of allow_missing
+			 * because the new tree entry will never be correct.
+			 */
+			die("entry '%s' object %s is a %s but specified type was (%s)",
+				path, sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj_type), typename(mode_type));
+		}
+	}
+
+	append_to_tree(mode, sha1, path);
+}
+
+int cmd_mktree(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int line_termination = '\n';
+	int allow_missing = 0;
+	int is_batch_mode = 0;
+	int got_eof = 0;
+
+	const struct option option[] = {
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination, "input is NUL terminated", '\0'),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, "allow missing objects", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, "allow creation of more than one tree", 1),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, option, mktree_usage, 0);
+
+	while (!got_eof) {
+		while (1) {
+			if (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, line_termination) == EOF) {
+				got_eof = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (sb.buf[0] == '\0') {
+				/* empty lines denote tree boundaries in batch mode */
+				if (is_batch_mode)
+					break;
+				die("input format error: (blank line only valid in batch mode)");
+			}
+			mktree_line(sb.buf, sb.len, line_termination, allow_missing);
+		}
+		if (is_batch_mode && got_eof && used < 1) {
+			/*
+			 * Execution gets here if the last tree entry is terminated with a
+			 * new-line.  The final new-line has been made optional to be
+			 * consistent with the original non-batch behaviour of mktree.
+			 */
+			; /* skip creating an empty tree */
+		} else {
+			write_tree(sha1);
+			puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			fflush(stdout);
+		}
+		used=0; /* reset tree entry buffer for re-use in batch mode */
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-mv.c b/builtin-mv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c07f53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-mv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/*
+ * "git mv" builtin command
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Johannes Schindelin
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_mv_usage[] = {
+	"git mv [options] <source>... <destination>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
+				  int count, int base_name)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char **result = xmalloc((count + 1) * sizeof(const char *));
+	memcpy(result, pathspec, count * sizeof(const char *));
+	result[count] = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		int length = strlen(result[i]);
+		int to_copy = length;
+		while (to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
+			to_copy--;
+		if (to_copy != length || base_name) {
+			char *it = xmemdupz(result[i], to_copy);
+			result[i] = base_name ? strdup(basename(it)) : it;
+		}
+	}
+	return get_pathspec(prefix, result);
+}
+
+static const char *add_slash(const char *path)
+{
+	int len = strlen(path);
+	if (path[len - 1] != '/') {
+		char *with_slash = xmalloc(len + 2);
+		memcpy(with_slash, path, len);
+		with_slash[len++] = '/';
+		with_slash[len] = 0;
+		return with_slash;
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
+
+int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, newfd;
+	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
+	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "force move/rename even if target exists"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, "skip move/rename errors"),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
+	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct string_list src_for_dst = {NULL, 0, 0, 0};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_mv_options,
+			     builtin_mv_usage, 0);
+	if (--argc < 1)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_mv_usage, builtin_mv_options);
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+
+	source = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
+	modes = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(enum update_mode));
+	dest_path = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1, 0);
+
+	if (dest_path[0][0] == '\0')
+		/* special case: "." was normalized to "" */
+		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+	else if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
+			S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		dest_path[0] = add_slash(dest_path[0]);
+		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+	} else {
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_with_options(builtin_mv_usage, builtin_mv_options);
+		destination = dest_path;
+	}
+
+	/* Checking */
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *src = source[i], *dst = destination[i];
+		int length, src_is_dir;
+		const char *bad = NULL;
+
+		if (show_only)
+			printf("Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n", src, dst);
+
+		length = strlen(src);
+		if (lstat(src, &st) < 0)
+			bad = "bad source";
+		else if (!strncmp(src, dst, length) &&
+				(dst[length] == 0 || dst[length] == '/')) {
+			bad = "can not move directory into itself";
+		} else if ((src_is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				&& lstat(dst, &st) == 0)
+			bad = "cannot move directory over file";
+		else if (src_is_dir) {
+			const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
+			int len_w_slash = length + 1;
+			int first, last;
+
+			modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+
+			first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
+			if (first >= 0)
+				die ("Huh? %.*s is in index?",
+						len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
+
+			first = -1 - first;
+			for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
+				const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
+				if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
+					break;
+			}
+			free((char *)src_w_slash);
+
+			if (last - first < 1)
+				bad = "source directory is empty";
+			else {
+				int j, dst_len;
+
+				if (last - first > 0) {
+					source = xrealloc(source,
+							(argc + last - first)
+							* sizeof(char *));
+					destination = xrealloc(destination,
+							(argc + last - first)
+							* sizeof(char *));
+					modes = xrealloc(modes,
+							(argc + last - first)
+							* sizeof(enum update_mode));
+				}
+
+				dst = add_slash(dst);
+				dst_len = strlen(dst);
+
+				for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
+					const char *path =
+						active_cache[first + j]->name;
+					source[argc + j] = path;
+					destination[argc + j] =
+						prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
+							path + length + 1);
+					modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+				}
+				argc += last - first;
+			}
+		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
+			bad = "not under version control";
+		else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0) {
+			bad = "destination exists";
+			if (force) {
+				/*
+				 * only files can overwrite each other:
+				 * check both source and destination
+				 */
+				if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+					warning("%s; will overwrite!", bad);
+					bad = NULL;
+				} else
+					bad = "Cannot overwrite";
+			}
+		} else if (string_list_has_string(&src_for_dst, dst))
+			bad = "multiple sources for the same target";
+		else
+			string_list_insert(dst, &src_for_dst);
+
+		if (bad) {
+			if (ignore_errors) {
+				if (--argc > 0) {
+					memmove(source + i, source + i + 1,
+						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
+					memmove(destination + i,
+						destination + i + 1,
+						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
+					i--;
+				}
+			} else
+				die ("%s, source=%s, destination=%s",
+				     bad, src, dst);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *src = source[i], *dst = destination[i];
+		enum update_mode mode = modes[i];
+		int pos;
+		if (show_only || verbose)
+			printf("Renaming %s to %s\n", src, dst);
+		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX &&
+				rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
+			die_errno ("renaming '%s' failed", src);
+
+		if (mode == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
+			continue;
+
+		pos = cache_name_pos(src, strlen(src));
+		assert(pos >= 0);
+		if (!show_only)
+			rename_cache_entry_at(pos, dst);
+	}
+
+	if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-name-rev.c b/builtin-name-rev.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06a38ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-name-rev.c
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+#define CUTOFF_DATE_SLOP 86400 /* one day */
+
+typedef struct rev_name {
+	const char *tip_name;
+	int generation;
+	int distance;
+} rev_name;
+
+static long cutoff = LONG_MAX;
+
+/* How many generations are maximally preferred over _one_ merge traversal? */
+#define MERGE_TRAVERSAL_WEIGHT 65535
+
+static void name_rev(struct commit *commit,
+		const char *tip_name, int generation, int distance,
+		int deref)
+{
+	struct rev_name *name = (struct rev_name *)commit->util;
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	int parent_number = 1;
+
+	if (!commit->object.parsed)
+		parse_commit(commit);
+
+	if (commit->date < cutoff)
+		return;
+
+	if (deref) {
+		char *new_name = xmalloc(strlen(tip_name)+3);
+		strcpy(new_name, tip_name);
+		strcat(new_name, "^0");
+		tip_name = new_name;
+
+		if (generation)
+			die("generation: %d, but deref?", generation);
+	}
+
+	if (name == NULL) {
+		name = xmalloc(sizeof(rev_name));
+		commit->util = name;
+		goto copy_data;
+	} else if (name->distance > distance) {
+copy_data:
+		name->tip_name = tip_name;
+		name->generation = generation;
+		name->distance = distance;
+	} else
+		return;
+
+	for (parents = commit->parents;
+			parents;
+			parents = parents->next, parent_number++) {
+		if (parent_number > 1) {
+			int len = strlen(tip_name);
+			char *new_name = xmalloc(len +
+				1 + decimal_length(generation) +  /* ~<n> */
+				1 + 2 +				  /* ^NN */
+				1);
+
+			if (len > 2 && !strcmp(tip_name + len - 2, "^0"))
+				len -= 2;
+			if (generation > 0)
+				sprintf(new_name, "%.*s~%d^%d", len, tip_name,
+						generation, parent_number);
+			else
+				sprintf(new_name, "%.*s^%d", len, tip_name,
+						parent_number);
+
+			name_rev(parents->item, new_name, 0,
+				distance + MERGE_TRAVERSAL_WEIGHT, 0);
+		} else {
+			name_rev(parents->item, tip_name, generation + 1,
+				distance + 1, 0);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct name_ref_data {
+	int tags_only;
+	int name_only;
+	const char *ref_filter;
+};
+
+static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct name_ref_data *data = cb_data;
+	int deref = 0;
+
+	if (data->tags_only && prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (data->ref_filter && fnmatch(data->ref_filter, path, 0))
+		return 0;
+
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
+		if (!t->tagged)
+			break; /* broken repository */
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+		deref = 1;
+	}
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/heads/"))
+			path = path + 11;
+		else if (data->tags_only
+		    && data->name_only
+		    && !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
+			path = path + 10;
+		else if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/"))
+			path = path + 5;
+
+		name_rev(commit, xstrdup(path), 0, 0, deref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* returns a static buffer */
+static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
+{
+	static char buffer[1024];
+	struct rev_name *n;
+	struct commit *c;
+
+	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return NULL;
+	c = (struct commit *) o;
+	n = c->util;
+	if (!n)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!n->generation)
+		return n->tip_name;
+	else {
+		int len = strlen(n->tip_name);
+		if (len > 2 && !strcmp(n->tip_name + len - 2, "^0"))
+			len -= 2;
+		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%.*s~%d", len, n->tip_name,
+				n->generation);
+
+		return buffer;
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_name(const struct object *obj,
+		      const char *caller_name,
+		      int always, int allow_undefined, int name_only)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = obj->sha1;
+
+	if (!name_only)
+		printf("%s ", caller_name ? caller_name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	name = get_rev_name(obj);
+	if (name)
+		printf("%s\n", name);
+	else if (allow_undefined)
+		printf("undefined\n");
+	else if (always)
+		printf("%s\n", find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	else
+		die("cannot describe '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
+static char const * const name_rev_usage[] = {
+	"git name-rev [options] ( --all | --stdin | <commit>... )",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static void name_rev_line(char *p, struct name_ref_data *data)
+{
+	int forty = 0;
+	char *p_start;
+	for (p_start = p; *p; p++) {
+#define ishex(x) (isdigit((x)) || ((x) >= 'a' && (x) <= 'f'))
+		if (!ishex(*p))
+			forty = 0;
+		else if (++forty == 40 &&
+			 !ishex(*(p+1))) {
+			unsigned char sha1[40];
+			const char *name = NULL;
+			char c = *(p+1);
+			int p_len = p - p_start + 1;
+
+			forty = 0;
+
+			*(p+1) = 0;
+			if (!get_sha1(p - 39, sha1)) {
+				struct object *o =
+					lookup_object(sha1);
+				if (o)
+					name = get_rev_name(o);
+			}
+			*(p+1) = c;
+
+			if (!name)
+				continue;
+
+			if (data->name_only)
+				printf("%.*s%s", p_len - 40, p_start, name);
+			else
+				printf("%.*s (%s)", p_len, p_start, name);
+			p_start = p + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* flush */
+	if (p_start != p)
+		fwrite(p_start, p - p_start, 1, stdout);
+}
+
+int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct object_array revs = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
+	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	struct option opts[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, "print only names (no SHA-1)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, "only use tags to name the commits"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, "pattern",
+				   "only use refs matching <pattern>"),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, "list all commits reachable from all refs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, "read from stdin"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, "allow to print `undefined` names"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
+			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, name_rev_usage, 0);
+	if (!!all + !!transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
+		error("Specify either a list, or --all, not both!");
+		usage_with_options(name_rev_usage, opts);
+	}
+	if (all || transform_stdin)
+		cutoff = 0;
+
+	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object *o;
+		struct commit *commit;
+
+		if (get_sha1(*argv, sha1)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get sha1 for %s. Skipping.\n",
+					*argv);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), *argv, 0);
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+					*argv);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		if (cutoff > commit->date)
+			cutoff = commit->date;
+		add_object_array((struct object *)commit, *argv, &revs);
+	}
+
+	if (cutoff)
+		cutoff = cutoff - CUTOFF_DATE_SLOP;
+	for_each_ref(name_ref, &data);
+
+	if (transform_stdin) {
+		char buffer[2048];
+
+		while (!feof(stdin)) {
+			char *p = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin);
+			if (!p)
+				break;
+			name_rev_line(p, &data);
+		}
+	} else if (all) {
+		int i, max;
+
+		max = get_max_object_index();
+		for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+			struct object *obj = get_indexed_object(i);
+			if (!obj)
+				continue;
+			show_name(obj, NULL,
+				  always, allow_undefined, data.name_only);
+		}
+	} else {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < revs.nr; i++)
+			show_name(revs.objects[i].item, revs.objects[i].name,
+				  always, allow_undefined, data.name_only);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-pack-objects.c b/builtin-pack-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcfe62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-pack-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2377 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "csum-file.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+#include "thread-utils.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+static const char pack_usage[] =
+  "git pack-objects [{ -q | --progress | --all-progress }]\n"
+  "        [--all-progress-implied]\n"
+  "        [--max-pack-size=N] [--local] [--incremental]\n"
+  "        [--window=N] [--window-memory=N] [--depth=N]\n"
+  "        [--no-reuse-delta] [--no-reuse-object] [--delta-base-offset]\n"
+  "        [--threads=N] [--non-empty] [--revs [--unpacked | --all]*]\n"
+  "        [--reflog] [--stdout | base-name] [--include-tag]\n"
+  "        [--keep-unreachable | --unpack-unreachable \n"
+  "        [<ref-list | <object-list]";
+
+struct object_entry {
+	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
+	unsigned long size;	/* uncompressed size */
+	struct packed_git *in_pack; 	/* already in pack */
+	off_t in_pack_offset;
+	struct object_entry *delta;	/* delta base object */
+	struct object_entry *delta_child; /* deltified objects who bases me */
+	struct object_entry *delta_sibling; /* other deltified objects who
+					     * uses the same base as me
+					     */
+	void *delta_data;	/* cached delta (uncompressed) */
+	unsigned long delta_size;	/* delta data size (uncompressed) */
+	unsigned long z_delta_size;	/* delta data size (compressed) */
+	unsigned int hash;	/* name hint hash */
+	enum object_type type;
+	enum object_type in_pack_type;	/* could be delta */
+	unsigned char in_pack_header_size;
+	unsigned char preferred_base; /* we do not pack this, but is available
+				       * to be used as the base object to delta
+				       * objects against.
+				       */
+	unsigned char no_try_delta;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Objects we are going to pack are collected in objects array (dynamically
+ * expanded).  nr_objects & nr_alloc controls this array.  They are stored
+ * in the order we see -- typically rev-list --objects order that gives us
+ * nice "minimum seek" order.
+ */
+static struct object_entry *objects;
+static struct pack_idx_entry **written_list;
+static uint32_t nr_objects, nr_alloc, nr_result, nr_written;
+
+static int non_empty;
+static int reuse_delta = 1, reuse_object = 1;
+static int keep_unreachable, unpack_unreachable, include_tag;
+static int local;
+static int incremental;
+static int ignore_packed_keep;
+static int allow_ofs_delta;
+static const char *base_name;
+static int progress = 1;
+static int window = 10;
+static unsigned long pack_size_limit, pack_size_limit_cfg;
+static int depth = 50;
+static int delta_search_threads;
+static int pack_to_stdout;
+static int num_preferred_base;
+static struct progress *progress_state;
+static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+static int pack_compression_seen;
+
+static unsigned long delta_cache_size = 0;
+static unsigned long max_delta_cache_size = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+static unsigned long cache_max_small_delta_size = 1000;
+
+static unsigned long window_memory_limit = 0;
+
+/*
+ * The object names in objects array are hashed with this hashtable,
+ * to help looking up the entry by object name.
+ * This hashtable is built after all the objects are seen.
+ */
+static int *object_ix;
+static int object_ix_hashsz;
+
+/*
+ * stats
+ */
+static uint32_t written, written_delta;
+static uint32_t reused, reused_delta;
+
+
+static void *get_delta(struct object_entry *entry)
+{
+	unsigned long size, base_size, delta_size;
+	void *buf, *base_buf, *delta_buf;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+	base_buf = read_sha1_file(entry->delta->idx.sha1, &type, &base_size);
+	if (!base_buf)
+		die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->delta->idx.sha1));
+	delta_buf = diff_delta(base_buf, base_size,
+			       buf, size, &delta_size, 0);
+	if (!delta_buf || delta_size != entry->delta_size)
+		die("delta size changed");
+	free(buf);
+	free(base_buf);
+	return delta_buf;
+}
+
+static unsigned long do_compress(void **pptr, unsigned long size)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	void *in, *out;
+	unsigned long maxsize;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	deflateInit(&stream, pack_compression_level);
+	maxsize = deflateBound(&stream, size);
+
+	in = *pptr;
+	out = xmalloc(maxsize);
+	*pptr = out;
+
+	stream.next_in = in;
+	stream.avail_in = size;
+	stream.next_out = out;
+	stream.avail_out = maxsize;
+	while (deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
+		; /* nothing */
+	deflateEnd(&stream);
+
+	free(in);
+	return stream.total_out;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The per-object header is a pretty dense thing, which is
+ *  - first byte: low four bits are "size", then three bits of "type",
+ *    and the high bit is "size continues".
+ *  - each byte afterwards: low seven bits are size continuation,
+ *    with the high bit being "size continues"
+ */
+static int encode_header(enum object_type type, unsigned long size, unsigned char *hdr)
+{
+	int n = 1;
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	if (type < OBJ_COMMIT || type > OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+		die("bad type %d", type);
+
+	c = (type << 4) | (size & 15);
+	size >>= 4;
+	while (size) {
+		*hdr++ = c | 0x80;
+		c = size & 0x7f;
+		size >>= 7;
+		n++;
+	}
+	*hdr = c;
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * we are going to reuse the existing object data as is.  make
+ * sure it is not corrupt.
+ */
+static int check_pack_inflate(struct packed_git *p,
+		struct pack_window **w_curs,
+		off_t offset,
+		off_t len,
+		unsigned long expect)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	unsigned char fakebuf[4096], *in;
+	int st;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+	do {
+		in = use_pack(p, w_curs, offset, &stream.avail_in);
+		stream.next_in = in;
+		stream.next_out = fakebuf;
+		stream.avail_out = sizeof(fakebuf);
+		st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+		offset += stream.next_in - in;
+	} while (st == Z_OK || st == Z_BUF_ERROR);
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	return (st == Z_STREAM_END &&
+		stream.total_out == expect &&
+		stream.total_in == len) ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+static void copy_pack_data(struct sha1file *f,
+		struct packed_git *p,
+		struct pack_window **w_curs,
+		off_t offset,
+		off_t len)
+{
+	unsigned char *in;
+	unsigned int avail;
+
+	while (len) {
+		in = use_pack(p, w_curs, offset, &avail);
+		if (avail > len)
+			avail = (unsigned int)len;
+		sha1write(f, in, avail);
+		offset += avail;
+		len -= avail;
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
+				  struct object_entry *entry,
+				  off_t write_offset)
+{
+	unsigned long size, limit, datalen;
+	void *buf;
+	unsigned char header[10], dheader[10];
+	unsigned hdrlen;
+	enum object_type type;
+	int usable_delta, to_reuse;
+
+	if (!pack_to_stdout)
+		crc32_begin(f);
+
+	type = entry->type;
+
+	/* apply size limit if limited packsize and not first object */
+	if (!pack_size_limit || !nr_written)
+		limit = 0;
+	else if (pack_size_limit <= write_offset)
+		/*
+		 * the earlier object did not fit the limit; avoid
+		 * mistaking this with unlimited (i.e. limit = 0).
+		 */
+		limit = 1;
+	else
+		limit = pack_size_limit - write_offset;
+
+	if (!entry->delta)
+		usable_delta = 0;	/* no delta */
+	else if (!pack_size_limit)
+	       usable_delta = 1;	/* unlimited packfile */
+	else if (entry->delta->idx.offset == (off_t)-1)
+		usable_delta = 0;	/* base was written to another pack */
+	else if (entry->delta->idx.offset)
+		usable_delta = 1;	/* base already exists in this pack */
+	else
+		usable_delta = 0;	/* base could end up in another pack */
+
+	if (!reuse_object)
+		to_reuse = 0;	/* explicit */
+	else if (!entry->in_pack)
+		to_reuse = 0;	/* can't reuse what we don't have */
+	else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
+				/* check_object() decided it for us ... */
+		to_reuse = usable_delta;
+				/* ... but pack split may override that */
+	else if (type != entry->in_pack_type)
+		to_reuse = 0;	/* pack has delta which is unusable */
+	else if (entry->delta)
+		to_reuse = 0;	/* we want to pack afresh */
+	else
+		to_reuse = 1;	/* we have it in-pack undeltified,
+				 * and we do not need to deltify it.
+				 */
+
+	if (!to_reuse) {
+		no_reuse:
+		if (!usable_delta) {
+			buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
+			if (!buf)
+				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+			/*
+			 * make sure no cached delta data remains from a
+			 * previous attempt before a pack split occurred.
+			 */
+			free(entry->delta_data);
+			entry->delta_data = NULL;
+			entry->z_delta_size = 0;
+		} else if (entry->delta_data) {
+			size = entry->delta_size;
+			buf = entry->delta_data;
+			entry->delta_data = NULL;
+			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+		} else {
+			buf = get_delta(entry);
+			size = entry->delta_size;
+			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+		}
+
+		if (entry->z_delta_size)
+			datalen = entry->z_delta_size;
+		else
+			datalen = do_compress(&buf, size);
+
+		/*
+		 * The object header is a byte of 'type' followed by zero or
+		 * more bytes of length.
+		 */
+		hdrlen = encode_header(type, size, header);
+
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+			/*
+			 * Deltas with relative base contain an additional
+			 * encoding of the relative offset for the delta
+			 * base from this object's position in the pack.
+			 */
+			off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+			unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
+			dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
+			while (ofs >>= 7)
+				dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+			if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+				free(buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+			sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
+			hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
+		} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			/*
+			 * Deltas with a base reference contain
+			 * an additional 20 bytes for the base sha1.
+			 */
+			if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+				free(buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+			sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
+			hdrlen += 20;
+		} else {
+			if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+				free(buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		}
+		sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+	else {
+		struct packed_git *p = entry->in_pack;
+		struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+		off_t offset;
+
+		if (entry->delta)
+			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+		hdrlen = encode_header(type, entry->size, header);
+
+		offset = entry->in_pack_offset;
+		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, offset);
+		datalen = revidx[1].offset - offset;
+		if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version > 1 &&
+		    check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, revidx->nr)) {
+			error("bad packed object CRC for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			goto no_reuse;
+		}
+
+		offset += entry->in_pack_header_size;
+		datalen -= entry->in_pack_header_size;
+		if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version == 1 &&
+		    check_pack_inflate(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, entry->size)) {
+			error("corrupt packed object for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			goto no_reuse;
+		}
+
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+			off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+			unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
+			dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
+			while (ofs >>= 7)
+				dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+			if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+			sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
+			hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
+			reused_delta++;
+		} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+			sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
+			hdrlen += 20;
+			reused_delta++;
+		} else {
+			if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		}
+		copy_pack_data(f, p, &w_curs, offset, datalen);
+		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+		reused++;
+	}
+	if (usable_delta)
+		written_delta++;
+	written++;
+	if (!pack_to_stdout)
+		entry->idx.crc32 = crc32_end(f);
+	return hdrlen + datalen;
+}
+
+static int write_one(struct sha1file *f,
+			       struct object_entry *e,
+			       off_t *offset)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	/* offset is non zero if object is written already. */
+	if (e->idx.offset || e->preferred_base)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are deltified, attempt to write out base object first.
+	 * If that fails due to the pack size limit then the current
+	 * object might still possibly fit undeltified within that limit.
+	 */
+	if (e->delta)
+	       write_one(f, e->delta, offset);
+
+	e->idx.offset = *offset;
+	size = write_object(f, e, *offset);
+	if (!size) {
+		e->idx.offset = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	written_list[nr_written++] = &e->idx;
+
+	/* make sure off_t is sufficiently large not to wrap */
+	if (*offset > *offset + size)
+		die("pack too large for current definition of off_t");
+	*offset += size;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* forward declaration for write_pack_file */
+static int adjust_perm(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+
+static void write_pack_file(void)
+{
+	uint32_t i = 0, j;
+	struct sha1file *f;
+	off_t offset;
+	struct pack_header hdr;
+	uint32_t nr_remaining = nr_result;
+	time_t last_mtime = 0;
+
+	if (progress > pack_to_stdout)
+		progress_state = start_progress("Writing objects", nr_result);
+	written_list = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*written_list));
+
+	do {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char *pack_tmp_name = NULL;
+
+		if (pack_to_stdout) {
+			f = sha1fd_throughput(1, "<stdout>", progress_state);
+		} else {
+			char tmpname[PATH_MAX];
+			int fd;
+			fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname),
+					 "pack/tmp_pack_XXXXXX");
+			pack_tmp_name = xstrdup(tmpname);
+			f = sha1fd(fd, pack_tmp_name);
+		}
+
+		hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
+		hdr.hdr_version = htonl(PACK_VERSION);
+		hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(nr_remaining);
+		sha1write(f, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+		offset = sizeof(hdr);
+		nr_written = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
+			if (write_one(f, objects + i, &offset) == 1)
+				display_progress(progress_state, written);
+
+		/*
+		 * Did we write the wrong # entries in the header?
+		 * If so, rewrite it like in fast-import
+		 */
+		if (pack_to_stdout) {
+			sha1close(f, sha1, CSUM_CLOSE);
+		} else if (nr_written == nr_remaining) {
+			sha1close(f, sha1, CSUM_FSYNC);
+		} else {
+			int fd = sha1close(f, sha1, 0);
+			fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, sha1, pack_tmp_name,
+						 nr_written, sha1, offset);
+			close(fd);
+		}
+
+		if (!pack_to_stdout) {
+			mode_t mode = umask(0);
+			struct stat st;
+			const char *idx_tmp_name;
+			char tmpname[PATH_MAX];
+
+			umask(mode);
+			mode = 0444 & ~mode;
+
+			idx_tmp_name = write_idx_file(NULL, written_list,
+						      nr_written, sha1);
+
+			snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "%s-%s.pack",
+				 base_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			free_pack_by_name(tmpname);
+			if (adjust_perm(pack_tmp_name, mode))
+				die_errno("unable to make temporary pack file readable");
+			if (rename(pack_tmp_name, tmpname))
+				die_errno("unable to rename temporary pack file");
+
+			/*
+			 * Packs are runtime accessed in their mtime
+			 * order since newer packs are more likely to contain
+			 * younger objects.  So if we are creating multiple
+			 * packs then we should modify the mtime of later ones
+			 * to preserve this property.
+			 */
+			if (stat(tmpname, &st) < 0) {
+				warning("failed to stat %s: %s",
+					tmpname, strerror(errno));
+			} else if (!last_mtime) {
+				last_mtime = st.st_mtime;
+			} else {
+				struct utimbuf utb;
+				utb.actime = st.st_atime;
+				utb.modtime = --last_mtime;
+				if (utime(tmpname, &utb) < 0)
+					warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
+						tmpname, strerror(errno));
+			}
+
+			snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "%s-%s.idx",
+				 base_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			if (adjust_perm(idx_tmp_name, mode))
+				die_errno("unable to make temporary index file readable");
+			if (rename(idx_tmp_name, tmpname))
+				die_errno("unable to rename temporary index file");
+
+			free((void *) idx_tmp_name);
+			free(pack_tmp_name);
+			puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		}
+
+		/* mark written objects as written to previous pack */
+		for (j = 0; j < nr_written; j++) {
+			written_list[j]->offset = (off_t)-1;
+		}
+		nr_remaining -= nr_written;
+	} while (nr_remaining);
+
+	free(written_list);
+	stop_progress(&progress_state);
+	if (written != nr_result)
+		die("wrote %"PRIu32" objects while expecting %"PRIu32,
+			written, nr_result);
+}
+
+static int locate_object_entry_hash(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned int ui;
+	memcpy(&ui, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
+	i = ui % object_ix_hashsz;
+	while (0 < object_ix[i]) {
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, objects[object_ix[i] - 1].idx.sha1))
+			return i;
+		if (++i == object_ix_hashsz)
+			i = 0;
+	}
+	return -1 - i;
+}
+
+static struct object_entry *locate_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!object_ix_hashsz)
+		return NULL;
+
+	i = locate_object_entry_hash(sha1);
+	if (0 <= i)
+		return &objects[object_ix[i]-1];
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void rehash_objects(void)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
+
+	object_ix_hashsz = nr_objects * 3;
+	if (object_ix_hashsz < 1024)
+		object_ix_hashsz = 1024;
+	object_ix = xrealloc(object_ix, sizeof(int) * object_ix_hashsz);
+	memset(object_ix, 0, sizeof(int) * object_ix_hashsz);
+	for (i = 0, oe = objects; i < nr_objects; i++, oe++) {
+		int ix = locate_object_entry_hash(oe->idx.sha1);
+		if (0 <= ix)
+			continue;
+		ix = -1 - ix;
+		object_ix[ix] = i + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned name_hash(const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned c, hash = 0;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * This effectively just creates a sortable number from the
+	 * last sixteen non-whitespace characters. Last characters
+	 * count "most", so things that end in ".c" sort together.
+	 */
+	while ((c = *name++) != 0) {
+		if (isspace(c))
+			continue;
+		hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+static void setup_delta_attr_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	static struct git_attr *attr_delta;
+
+	if (!attr_delta)
+		attr_delta = git_attr("delta");
+
+	check[0].attr = attr_delta;
+}
+
+static int no_try_delta(const char *path)
+{
+	struct git_attr_check check[1];
+
+	setup_delta_attr_check(check);
+	if (git_checkattr(path, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check))
+		return 0;
+	if (ATTR_FALSE(check->value))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			    const char *name, int exclude)
+{
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+	struct packed_git *p, *found_pack = NULL;
+	off_t found_offset = 0;
+	int ix;
+	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
+
+	ix = nr_objects ? locate_object_entry_hash(sha1) : -1;
+	if (ix >= 0) {
+		if (exclude) {
+			entry = objects + object_ix[ix] - 1;
+			if (!entry->preferred_base)
+				nr_result--;
+			entry->preferred_base = 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!exclude && local && has_loose_object_nonlocal(sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		off_t offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
+		if (offset) {
+			if (!found_pack) {
+				found_offset = offset;
+				found_pack = p;
+			}
+			if (exclude)
+				break;
+			if (incremental)
+				return 0;
+			if (local && !p->pack_local)
+				return 0;
+			if (ignore_packed_keep && p->pack_local && p->pack_keep)
+				return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (nr_objects >= nr_alloc) {
+		nr_alloc = (nr_alloc  + 1024) * 3 / 2;
+		objects = xrealloc(objects, nr_alloc * sizeof(*entry));
+	}
+
+	entry = objects + nr_objects++;
+	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+	hashcpy(entry->idx.sha1, sha1);
+	entry->hash = hash;
+	if (type)
+		entry->type = type;
+	if (exclude)
+		entry->preferred_base = 1;
+	else
+		nr_result++;
+	if (found_pack) {
+		entry->in_pack = found_pack;
+		entry->in_pack_offset = found_offset;
+	}
+
+	if (object_ix_hashsz * 3 <= nr_objects * 4)
+		rehash_objects();
+	else
+		object_ix[-1 - ix] = nr_objects;
+
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_objects);
+
+	if (name && no_try_delta(name))
+		entry->no_try_delta = 1;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+struct pbase_tree_cache {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int ref;
+	int temporary;
+	void *tree_data;
+	unsigned long tree_size;
+};
+
+static struct pbase_tree_cache *(pbase_tree_cache[256]);
+static int pbase_tree_cache_ix(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return sha1[0] % ARRAY_SIZE(pbase_tree_cache);
+}
+static int pbase_tree_cache_ix_incr(int ix)
+{
+	return (ix+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(pbase_tree_cache);
+}
+
+static struct pbase_tree {
+	struct pbase_tree *next;
+	/* This is a phony "cache" entry; we are not
+	 * going to evict it nor find it through _get()
+	 * mechanism -- this is for the toplevel node that
+	 * would almost always change with any commit.
+	 */
+	struct pbase_tree_cache pcache;
+} *pbase_tree;
+
+static struct pbase_tree_cache *pbase_tree_get(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct pbase_tree_cache *ent, *nent;
+	void *data;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	int neigh;
+	int my_ix = pbase_tree_cache_ix(sha1);
+	int available_ix = -1;
+
+	/* pbase-tree-cache acts as a limited hashtable.
+	 * your object will be found at your index or within a few
+	 * slots after that slot if it is cached.
+	 */
+	for (neigh = 0; neigh < 8; neigh++) {
+		ent = pbase_tree_cache[my_ix];
+		if (ent && !hashcmp(ent->sha1, sha1)) {
+			ent->ref++;
+			return ent;
+		}
+		else if (((available_ix < 0) && (!ent || !ent->ref)) ||
+			 ((0 <= available_ix) &&
+			  (!ent && pbase_tree_cache[available_ix])))
+			available_ix = my_ix;
+		if (!ent)
+			break;
+		my_ix = pbase_tree_cache_ix_incr(my_ix);
+	}
+
+	/* Did not find one.  Either we got a bogus request or
+	 * we need to read and perhaps cache.
+	 */
+	data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!data)
+		return NULL;
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* We need to either cache or return a throwaway copy */
+
+	if (available_ix < 0)
+		ent = NULL;
+	else {
+		ent = pbase_tree_cache[available_ix];
+		my_ix = available_ix;
+	}
+
+	if (!ent) {
+		nent = xmalloc(sizeof(*nent));
+		nent->temporary = (available_ix < 0);
+	}
+	else {
+		/* evict and reuse */
+		free(ent->tree_data);
+		nent = ent;
+	}
+	hashcpy(nent->sha1, sha1);
+	nent->tree_data = data;
+	nent->tree_size = size;
+	nent->ref = 1;
+	if (!nent->temporary)
+		pbase_tree_cache[my_ix] = nent;
+	return nent;
+}
+
+static void pbase_tree_put(struct pbase_tree_cache *cache)
+{
+	if (!cache->temporary) {
+		cache->ref--;
+		return;
+	}
+	free(cache->tree_data);
+	free(cache);
+}
+
+static int name_cmp_len(const char *name)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; name[i] && name[i] != '\n' && name[i] != '/'; i++)
+		;
+	return i;
+}
+
+static void add_pbase_object(struct tree_desc *tree,
+			     const char *name,
+			     int cmplen,
+			     const char *fullname)
+{
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	int cmp;
+
+	while (tree_entry(tree,&entry)) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
+			continue;
+		cmp = tree_entry_len(entry.path, entry.sha1) != cmplen ? 1 :
+		      memcmp(name, entry.path, cmplen);
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			continue;
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			return;
+		if (name[cmplen] != '/') {
+			add_object_entry(entry.sha1,
+					 object_type(entry.mode),
+					 fullname, 1);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
+			struct tree_desc sub;
+			struct pbase_tree_cache *tree;
+			const char *down = name+cmplen+1;
+			int downlen = name_cmp_len(down);
+
+			tree = pbase_tree_get(entry.sha1);
+			if (!tree)
+				return;
+			init_tree_desc(&sub, tree->tree_data, tree->tree_size);
+
+			add_pbase_object(&sub, down, downlen, fullname);
+			pbase_tree_put(tree);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned *done_pbase_paths;
+static int done_pbase_paths_num;
+static int done_pbase_paths_alloc;
+static int done_pbase_path_pos(unsigned hash)
+{
+	int lo = 0;
+	int hi = done_pbase_paths_num;
+	while (lo < hi) {
+		int mi = (hi + lo) / 2;
+		if (done_pbase_paths[mi] == hash)
+			return mi;
+		if (done_pbase_paths[mi] < hash)
+			hi = mi;
+		else
+			lo = mi + 1;
+	}
+	return -lo-1;
+}
+
+static int check_pbase_path(unsigned hash)
+{
+	int pos = (!done_pbase_paths) ? -1 : done_pbase_path_pos(hash);
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return 1;
+	pos = -pos - 1;
+	if (done_pbase_paths_alloc <= done_pbase_paths_num) {
+		done_pbase_paths_alloc = alloc_nr(done_pbase_paths_alloc);
+		done_pbase_paths = xrealloc(done_pbase_paths,
+					    done_pbase_paths_alloc *
+					    sizeof(unsigned));
+	}
+	done_pbase_paths_num++;
+	if (pos < done_pbase_paths_num)
+		memmove(done_pbase_paths + pos + 1,
+			done_pbase_paths + pos,
+			(done_pbase_paths_num - pos - 1) * sizeof(unsigned));
+	done_pbase_paths[pos] = hash;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_preferred_base_object(const char *name)
+{
+	struct pbase_tree *it;
+	int cmplen;
+	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
+
+	if (!num_preferred_base || check_pbase_path(hash))
+		return;
+
+	cmplen = name_cmp_len(name);
+	for (it = pbase_tree; it; it = it->next) {
+		if (cmplen == 0) {
+			add_object_entry(it->pcache.sha1, OBJ_TREE, NULL, 1);
+		}
+		else {
+			struct tree_desc tree;
+			init_tree_desc(&tree, it->pcache.tree_data, it->pcache.tree_size);
+			add_pbase_object(&tree, name, cmplen, name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_preferred_base(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct pbase_tree *it;
+	void *data;
+	unsigned long size;
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+
+	if (window <= num_preferred_base++)
+		return;
+
+	data = read_object_with_reference(sha1, tree_type, &size, tree_sha1);
+	if (!data)
+		return;
+
+	for (it = pbase_tree; it; it = it->next) {
+		if (!hashcmp(it->pcache.sha1, tree_sha1)) {
+			free(data);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	it = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*it));
+	it->next = pbase_tree;
+	pbase_tree = it;
+
+	hashcpy(it->pcache.sha1, tree_sha1);
+	it->pcache.tree_data = data;
+	it->pcache.tree_size = size;
+}
+
+static void cleanup_preferred_base(void)
+{
+	struct pbase_tree *it;
+	unsigned i;
+
+	it = pbase_tree;
+	pbase_tree = NULL;
+	while (it) {
+		struct pbase_tree *this = it;
+		it = this->next;
+		free(this->pcache.tree_data);
+		free(this);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pbase_tree_cache); i++) {
+		if (!pbase_tree_cache[i])
+			continue;
+		free(pbase_tree_cache[i]->tree_data);
+		free(pbase_tree_cache[i]);
+		pbase_tree_cache[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	free(done_pbase_paths);
+	done_pbase_paths = NULL;
+	done_pbase_paths_num = done_pbase_paths_alloc = 0;
+}
+
+static void check_object(struct object_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (entry->in_pack) {
+		struct packed_git *p = entry->in_pack;
+		struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+		const unsigned char *base_ref = NULL;
+		struct object_entry *base_entry;
+		unsigned long used, used_0;
+		unsigned int avail;
+		off_t ofs;
+		unsigned char *buf, c;
+
+		buf = use_pack(p, &w_curs, entry->in_pack_offset, &avail);
+
+		/*
+		 * We want in_pack_type even if we do not reuse delta
+		 * since non-delta representations could still be reused.
+		 */
+		used = unpack_object_header_buffer(buf, avail,
+						   &entry->in_pack_type,
+						   &entry->size);
+		if (used == 0)
+			goto give_up;
+
+		/*
+		 * Determine if this is a delta and if so whether we can
+		 * reuse it or not.  Otherwise let's find out as cheaply as
+		 * possible what the actual type and size for this object is.
+		 */
+		switch (entry->in_pack_type) {
+		default:
+			/* Not a delta hence we've already got all we need. */
+			entry->type = entry->in_pack_type;
+			entry->in_pack_header_size = used;
+			if (entry->type < OBJ_COMMIT || entry->type > OBJ_BLOB)
+				goto give_up;
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return;
+		case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
+			if (reuse_delta && !entry->preferred_base)
+				base_ref = use_pack(p, &w_curs,
+						entry->in_pack_offset + used, NULL);
+			entry->in_pack_header_size = used + 20;
+			break;
+		case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
+			buf = use_pack(p, &w_curs,
+				       entry->in_pack_offset + used, NULL);
+			used_0 = 0;
+			c = buf[used_0++];
+			ofs = c & 127;
+			while (c & 128) {
+				ofs += 1;
+				if (!ofs || MSB(ofs, 7)) {
+					error("delta base offset overflow in pack for %s",
+					      sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+					goto give_up;
+				}
+				c = buf[used_0++];
+				ofs = (ofs << 7) + (c & 127);
+			}
+			ofs = entry->in_pack_offset - ofs;
+			if (ofs <= 0 || ofs >= entry->in_pack_offset) {
+				error("delta base offset out of bound for %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+				goto give_up;
+			}
+			if (reuse_delta && !entry->preferred_base) {
+				struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+				revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, ofs);
+				if (!revidx)
+					goto give_up;
+				base_ref = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+			}
+			entry->in_pack_header_size = used + used_0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (base_ref && (base_entry = locate_object_entry(base_ref))) {
+			/*
+			 * If base_ref was set above that means we wish to
+			 * reuse delta data, and we even found that base
+			 * in the list of objects we want to pack. Goodie!
+			 *
+			 * Depth value does not matter - find_deltas() will
+			 * never consider reused delta as the base object to
+			 * deltify other objects against, in order to avoid
+			 * circular deltas.
+			 */
+			entry->type = entry->in_pack_type;
+			entry->delta = base_entry;
+			entry->delta_size = entry->size;
+			entry->delta_sibling = base_entry->delta_child;
+			base_entry->delta_child = entry;
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (entry->type) {
+			/*
+			 * This must be a delta and we already know what the
+			 * final object type is.  Let's extract the actual
+			 * object size from the delta header.
+			 */
+			entry->size = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs,
+					entry->in_pack_offset + entry->in_pack_header_size);
+			if (entry->size == 0)
+				goto give_up;
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * No choice but to fall back to the recursive delta walk
+		 * with sha1_object_info() to find about the object type
+		 * at this point...
+		 */
+		give_up:
+		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+	}
+
+	entry->type = sha1_object_info(entry->idx.sha1, &entry->size);
+	/*
+	 * The error condition is checked in prepare_pack().  This is
+	 * to permit a missing preferred base object to be ignored
+	 * as a preferred base.  Doing so can result in a larger
+	 * pack file, but the transfer will still take place.
+	 */
+}
+
+static int pack_offset_sort(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	const struct object_entry *a = *(struct object_entry **)_a;
+	const struct object_entry *b = *(struct object_entry **)_b;
+
+	/* avoid filesystem trashing with loose objects */
+	if (!a->in_pack && !b->in_pack)
+		return hashcmp(a->idx.sha1, b->idx.sha1);
+
+	if (a->in_pack < b->in_pack)
+		return -1;
+	if (a->in_pack > b->in_pack)
+		return 1;
+	return a->in_pack_offset < b->in_pack_offset ? -1 :
+			(a->in_pack_offset > b->in_pack_offset);
+}
+
+static void get_object_details(void)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct object_entry **sorted_by_offset;
+
+	sorted_by_offset = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(struct object_entry *));
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
+		sorted_by_offset[i] = objects + i;
+	qsort(sorted_by_offset, nr_objects, sizeof(*sorted_by_offset), pack_offset_sort);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
+		check_object(sorted_by_offset[i]);
+
+	free(sorted_by_offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We search for deltas in a list sorted by type, by filename hash, and then
+ * by size, so that we see progressively smaller and smaller files.
+ * That's because we prefer deltas to be from the bigger file
+ * to the smaller -- deletes are potentially cheaper, but perhaps
+ * more importantly, the bigger file is likely the more recent
+ * one.  The deepest deltas are therefore the oldest objects which are
+ * less susceptible to be accessed often.
+ */
+static int type_size_sort(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	const struct object_entry *a = *(struct object_entry **)_a;
+	const struct object_entry *b = *(struct object_entry **)_b;
+
+	if (a->type > b->type)
+		return -1;
+	if (a->type < b->type)
+		return 1;
+	if (a->hash > b->hash)
+		return -1;
+	if (a->hash < b->hash)
+		return 1;
+	if (a->preferred_base > b->preferred_base)
+		return -1;
+	if (a->preferred_base < b->preferred_base)
+		return 1;
+	if (a->size > b->size)
+		return -1;
+	if (a->size < b->size)
+		return 1;
+	return a < b ? -1 : (a > b);  /* newest first */
+}
+
+struct unpacked {
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+	void *data;
+	struct delta_index *index;
+	unsigned depth;
+};
+
+static int delta_cacheable(unsigned long src_size, unsigned long trg_size,
+			   unsigned long delta_size)
+{
+	if (max_delta_cache_size && delta_cache_size + delta_size > max_delta_cache_size)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (delta_size < cache_max_small_delta_size)
+		return 1;
+
+	/* cache delta, if objects are large enough compared to delta size */
+	if ((src_size >> 20) + (trg_size >> 21) > (delta_size >> 10))
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+
+static pthread_mutex_t read_mutex;
+#define read_lock()		pthread_mutex_lock(&read_mutex)
+#define read_unlock()		pthread_mutex_unlock(&read_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t cache_mutex;
+#define cache_lock()		pthread_mutex_lock(&cache_mutex)
+#define cache_unlock()		pthread_mutex_unlock(&cache_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t progress_mutex;
+#define progress_lock()		pthread_mutex_lock(&progress_mutex)
+#define progress_unlock()	pthread_mutex_unlock(&progress_mutex)
+
+#else
+
+#define read_lock()		(void)0
+#define read_unlock()		(void)0
+#define cache_lock()		(void)0
+#define cache_unlock()		(void)0
+#define progress_lock()		(void)0
+#define progress_unlock()	(void)0
+
+#endif
+
+static int try_delta(struct unpacked *trg, struct unpacked *src,
+		     unsigned max_depth, unsigned long *mem_usage)
+{
+	struct object_entry *trg_entry = trg->entry;
+	struct object_entry *src_entry = src->entry;
+	unsigned long trg_size, src_size, delta_size, sizediff, max_size, sz;
+	unsigned ref_depth;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *delta_buf;
+
+	/* Don't bother doing diffs between different types */
+	if (trg_entry->type != src_entry->type)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * We do not bother to try a delta that we discarded
+	 * on an earlier try, but only when reusing delta data.
+	 */
+	if (reuse_delta && trg_entry->in_pack &&
+	    trg_entry->in_pack == src_entry->in_pack &&
+	    trg_entry->in_pack_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA &&
+	    trg_entry->in_pack_type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Let's not bust the allowed depth. */
+	if (src->depth >= max_depth)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Now some size filtering heuristics. */
+	trg_size = trg_entry->size;
+	if (!trg_entry->delta) {
+		max_size = trg_size/2 - 20;
+		ref_depth = 1;
+	} else {
+		max_size = trg_entry->delta_size;
+		ref_depth = trg->depth;
+	}
+	max_size = (uint64_t)max_size * (max_depth - src->depth) /
+						(max_depth - ref_depth + 1);
+	if (max_size == 0)
+		return 0;
+	src_size = src_entry->size;
+	sizediff = src_size < trg_size ? trg_size - src_size : 0;
+	if (sizediff >= max_size)
+		return 0;
+	if (trg_size < src_size / 32)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Load data if not already done */
+	if (!trg->data) {
+		read_lock();
+		trg->data = read_sha1_file(trg_entry->idx.sha1, &type, &sz);
+		read_unlock();
+		if (!trg->data)
+			die("object %s cannot be read",
+			    sha1_to_hex(trg_entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (sz != trg_size)
+			die("object %s inconsistent object length (%lu vs %lu)",
+			    sha1_to_hex(trg_entry->idx.sha1), sz, trg_size);
+		*mem_usage += sz;
+	}
+	if (!src->data) {
+		read_lock();
+		src->data = read_sha1_file(src_entry->idx.sha1, &type, &sz);
+		read_unlock();
+		if (!src->data)
+			die("object %s cannot be read",
+			    sha1_to_hex(src_entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (sz != src_size)
+			die("object %s inconsistent object length (%lu vs %lu)",
+			    sha1_to_hex(src_entry->idx.sha1), sz, src_size);
+		*mem_usage += sz;
+	}
+	if (!src->index) {
+		src->index = create_delta_index(src->data, src_size);
+		if (!src->index) {
+			static int warned = 0;
+			if (!warned++)
+				warning("suboptimal pack - out of memory");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		*mem_usage += sizeof_delta_index(src->index);
+	}
+
+	delta_buf = create_delta(src->index, trg->data, trg_size, &delta_size, max_size);
+	if (!delta_buf)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (trg_entry->delta) {
+		/* Prefer only shallower same-sized deltas. */
+		if (delta_size == trg_entry->delta_size &&
+		    src->depth + 1 >= trg->depth) {
+			free(delta_buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Handle memory allocation outside of the cache
+	 * accounting lock.  Compiler will optimize the strangeness
+	 * away when NO_PTHREADS is defined.
+	 */
+	free(trg_entry->delta_data);
+	cache_lock();
+	if (trg_entry->delta_data) {
+		delta_cache_size -= trg_entry->delta_size;
+		trg_entry->delta_data = NULL;
+	}
+	if (delta_cacheable(src_size, trg_size, delta_size)) {
+		delta_cache_size += delta_size;
+		cache_unlock();
+		trg_entry->delta_data = xrealloc(delta_buf, delta_size);
+	} else {
+		cache_unlock();
+		free(delta_buf);
+	}
+
+	trg_entry->delta = src_entry;
+	trg_entry->delta_size = delta_size;
+	trg->depth = src->depth + 1;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static unsigned int check_delta_limit(struct object_entry *me, unsigned int n)
+{
+	struct object_entry *child = me->delta_child;
+	unsigned int m = n;
+	while (child) {
+		unsigned int c = check_delta_limit(child, n + 1);
+		if (m < c)
+			m = c;
+		child = child->delta_sibling;
+	}
+	return m;
+}
+
+static unsigned long free_unpacked(struct unpacked *n)
+{
+	unsigned long freed_mem = sizeof_delta_index(n->index);
+	free_delta_index(n->index);
+	n->index = NULL;
+	if (n->data) {
+		freed_mem += n->entry->size;
+		free(n->data);
+		n->data = NULL;
+	}
+	n->entry = NULL;
+	n->depth = 0;
+	return freed_mem;
+}
+
+static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned *list_size,
+			int window, int depth, unsigned *processed)
+{
+	uint32_t i, idx = 0, count = 0;
+	struct unpacked *array;
+	unsigned long mem_usage = 0;
+
+	array = xcalloc(window, sizeof(struct unpacked));
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct object_entry *entry;
+		struct unpacked *n = array + idx;
+		int j, max_depth, best_base = -1;
+
+		progress_lock();
+		if (!*list_size) {
+			progress_unlock();
+			break;
+		}
+		entry = *list++;
+		(*list_size)--;
+		if (!entry->preferred_base) {
+			(*processed)++;
+			display_progress(progress_state, *processed);
+		}
+		progress_unlock();
+
+		mem_usage -= free_unpacked(n);
+		n->entry = entry;
+
+		while (window_memory_limit &&
+		       mem_usage > window_memory_limit &&
+		       count > 1) {
+			uint32_t tail = (idx + window - count) % window;
+			mem_usage -= free_unpacked(array + tail);
+			count--;
+		}
+
+		/* We do not compute delta to *create* objects we are not
+		 * going to pack.
+		 */
+		if (entry->preferred_base)
+			goto next;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the current object is at pack edge, take the depth the
+		 * objects that depend on the current object into account
+		 * otherwise they would become too deep.
+		 */
+		max_depth = depth;
+		if (entry->delta_child) {
+			max_depth -= check_delta_limit(entry, 0);
+			if (max_depth <= 0)
+				goto next;
+		}
+
+		j = window;
+		while (--j > 0) {
+			int ret;
+			uint32_t other_idx = idx + j;
+			struct unpacked *m;
+			if (other_idx >= window)
+				other_idx -= window;
+			m = array + other_idx;
+			if (!m->entry)
+				break;
+			ret = try_delta(n, m, max_depth, &mem_usage);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				break;
+			else if (ret > 0)
+				best_base = other_idx;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If we decided to cache the delta data, then it is best
+		 * to compress it right away.  First because we have to do
+		 * it anyway, and doing it here while we're threaded will
+		 * save a lot of time in the non threaded write phase,
+		 * as well as allow for caching more deltas within
+		 * the same cache size limit.
+		 * ...
+		 * But only if not writing to stdout, since in that case
+		 * the network is most likely throttling writes anyway,
+		 * and therefore it is best to go to the write phase ASAP
+		 * instead, as we can afford spending more time compressing
+		 * between writes at that moment.
+		 */
+		if (entry->delta_data && !pack_to_stdout) {
+			entry->z_delta_size = do_compress(&entry->delta_data,
+							  entry->delta_size);
+			cache_lock();
+			delta_cache_size -= entry->delta_size;
+			delta_cache_size += entry->z_delta_size;
+			cache_unlock();
+		}
+
+		/* if we made n a delta, and if n is already at max
+		 * depth, leaving it in the window is pointless.  we
+		 * should evict it first.
+		 */
+		if (entry->delta && max_depth <= n->depth)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Move the best delta base up in the window, after the
+		 * currently deltified object, to keep it longer.  It will
+		 * be the first base object to be attempted next.
+		 */
+		if (entry->delta) {
+			struct unpacked swap = array[best_base];
+			int dist = (window + idx - best_base) % window;
+			int dst = best_base;
+			while (dist--) {
+				int src = (dst + 1) % window;
+				array[dst] = array[src];
+				dst = src;
+			}
+			array[dst] = swap;
+		}
+
+		next:
+		idx++;
+		if (count + 1 < window)
+			count++;
+		if (idx >= window)
+			idx = 0;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < window; ++i) {
+		free_delta_index(array[i].index);
+		free(array[i].data);
+	}
+	free(array);
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+
+/*
+ * The main thread waits on the condition that (at least) one of the workers
+ * has stopped working (which is indicated in the .working member of
+ * struct thread_params).
+ * When a work thread has completed its work, it sets .working to 0 and
+ * signals the main thread and waits on the condition that .data_ready
+ * becomes 1.
+ */
+
+struct thread_params {
+	pthread_t thread;
+	struct object_entry **list;
+	unsigned list_size;
+	unsigned remaining;
+	int window;
+	int depth;
+	int working;
+	int data_ready;
+	pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+	pthread_cond_t cond;
+	unsigned *processed;
+};
+
+static pthread_cond_t progress_cond;
+
+/*
+ * Mutex and conditional variable can't be statically-initialized on Windows.
+ */
+static void init_threaded_search(void)
+{
+	pthread_mutex_init(&read_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&cache_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&progress_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_cond_init(&progress_cond, NULL);
+}
+
+static void cleanup_threaded_search(void)
+{
+	pthread_cond_destroy(&progress_cond);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&cache_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&progress_mutex);
+}
+
+static void *threaded_find_deltas(void *arg)
+{
+	struct thread_params *me = arg;
+
+	while (me->remaining) {
+		find_deltas(me->list, &me->remaining,
+			    me->window, me->depth, me->processed);
+
+		progress_lock();
+		me->working = 0;
+		pthread_cond_signal(&progress_cond);
+		progress_unlock();
+
+		/*
+		 * We must not set ->data_ready before we wait on the
+		 * condition because the main thread may have set it to 1
+		 * before we get here. In order to be sure that new
+		 * work is available if we see 1 in ->data_ready, it
+		 * was initialized to 0 before this thread was spawned
+		 * and we reset it to 0 right away.
+		 */
+		pthread_mutex_lock(&me->mutex);
+		while (!me->data_ready)
+			pthread_cond_wait(&me->cond, &me->mutex);
+		me->data_ready = 0;
+		pthread_mutex_unlock(&me->mutex);
+	}
+	/* leave ->working 1 so that this doesn't get more work assigned */
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void ll_find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned list_size,
+			   int window, int depth, unsigned *processed)
+{
+	struct thread_params *p;
+	int i, ret, active_threads = 0;
+
+	init_threaded_search();
+
+	if (!delta_search_threads)	/* --threads=0 means autodetect */
+		delta_search_threads = online_cpus();
+	if (delta_search_threads <= 1) {
+		find_deltas(list, &list_size, window, depth, processed);
+		cleanup_threaded_search();
+		return;
+	}
+	if (progress > pack_to_stdout)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Delta compression using up to %d threads.\n",
+				delta_search_threads);
+	p = xcalloc(delta_search_threads, sizeof(*p));
+
+	/* Partition the work amongst work threads. */
+	for (i = 0; i < delta_search_threads; i++) {
+		unsigned sub_size = list_size / (delta_search_threads - i);
+
+		/* don't use too small segments or no deltas will be found */
+		if (sub_size < 2*window && i+1 < delta_search_threads)
+			sub_size = 0;
+
+		p[i].window = window;
+		p[i].depth = depth;
+		p[i].processed = processed;
+		p[i].working = 1;
+		p[i].data_ready = 0;
+
+		/* try to split chunks on "path" boundaries */
+		while (sub_size && sub_size < list_size &&
+		       list[sub_size]->hash &&
+		       list[sub_size]->hash == list[sub_size-1]->hash)
+			sub_size++;
+
+		p[i].list = list;
+		p[i].list_size = sub_size;
+		p[i].remaining = sub_size;
+
+		list += sub_size;
+		list_size -= sub_size;
+	}
+
+	/* Start work threads. */
+	for (i = 0; i < delta_search_threads; i++) {
+		if (!p[i].list_size)
+			continue;
+		pthread_mutex_init(&p[i].mutex, NULL);
+		pthread_cond_init(&p[i].cond, NULL);
+		ret = pthread_create(&p[i].thread, NULL,
+				     threaded_find_deltas, &p[i]);
+		if (ret)
+			die("unable to create thread: %s", strerror(ret));
+		active_threads++;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now let's wait for work completion.  Each time a thread is done
+	 * with its work, we steal half of the remaining work from the
+	 * thread with the largest number of unprocessed objects and give
+	 * it to that newly idle thread.  This ensure good load balancing
+	 * until the remaining object list segments are simply too short
+	 * to be worth splitting anymore.
+	 */
+	while (active_threads) {
+		struct thread_params *target = NULL;
+		struct thread_params *victim = NULL;
+		unsigned sub_size = 0;
+
+		progress_lock();
+		for (;;) {
+			for (i = 0; !target && i < delta_search_threads; i++)
+				if (!p[i].working)
+					target = &p[i];
+			if (target)
+				break;
+			pthread_cond_wait(&progress_cond, &progress_mutex);
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < delta_search_threads; i++)
+			if (p[i].remaining > 2*window &&
+			    (!victim || victim->remaining < p[i].remaining))
+				victim = &p[i];
+		if (victim) {
+			sub_size = victim->remaining / 2;
+			list = victim->list + victim->list_size - sub_size;
+			while (sub_size && list[0]->hash &&
+			       list[0]->hash == list[-1]->hash) {
+				list++;
+				sub_size--;
+			}
+			if (!sub_size) {
+				/*
+				 * It is possible for some "paths" to have
+				 * so many objects that no hash boundary
+				 * might be found.  Let's just steal the
+				 * exact half in that case.
+				 */
+				sub_size = victim->remaining / 2;
+				list -= sub_size;
+			}
+			target->list = list;
+			victim->list_size -= sub_size;
+			victim->remaining -= sub_size;
+		}
+		target->list_size = sub_size;
+		target->remaining = sub_size;
+		target->working = 1;
+		progress_unlock();
+
+		pthread_mutex_lock(&target->mutex);
+		target->data_ready = 1;
+		pthread_cond_signal(&target->cond);
+		pthread_mutex_unlock(&target->mutex);
+
+		if (!sub_size) {
+			pthread_join(target->thread, NULL);
+			pthread_cond_destroy(&target->cond);
+			pthread_mutex_destroy(&target->mutex);
+			active_threads--;
+		}
+	}
+	cleanup_threaded_search();
+	free(p);
+}
+
+#else
+#define ll_find_deltas(l, s, w, d, p)	find_deltas(l, &s, w, d, p)
+#endif
+
+static int add_ref_tag(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
+	    !peel_ref(path, peeled)        && /* peelable? */
+	    !is_null_sha1(peeled)          && /* annotated tag? */
+	    locate_object_entry(peeled))      /* object packed? */
+		add_object_entry(sha1, OBJ_TAG, NULL, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void prepare_pack(int window, int depth)
+{
+	struct object_entry **delta_list;
+	uint32_t i, nr_deltas;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	get_object_details();
+
+	/*
+	 * If we're locally repacking then we need to be doubly careful
+	 * from now on in order to make sure no stealth corruption gets
+	 * propagated to the new pack.  Clients receiving streamed packs
+	 * should validate everything they get anyway so no need to incur
+	 * the additional cost here in that case.
+	 */
+	if (!pack_to_stdout)
+		do_check_packed_object_crc = 1;
+
+	if (!nr_objects || !window || !depth)
+		return;
+
+	delta_list = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*delta_list));
+	nr_deltas = n = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = objects + i;
+
+		if (entry->delta)
+			/* This happens if we decided to reuse existing
+			 * delta from a pack.  "reuse_delta &&" is implied.
+			 */
+			continue;
+
+		if (entry->size < 50)
+			continue;
+
+		if (entry->no_try_delta)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!entry->preferred_base) {
+			nr_deltas++;
+			if (entry->type < 0)
+				die("unable to get type of object %s",
+				    sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		} else {
+			if (entry->type < 0) {
+				/*
+				 * This object is not found, but we
+				 * don't have to include it anyway.
+				 */
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		delta_list[n++] = entry;
+	}
+
+	if (nr_deltas && n > 1) {
+		unsigned nr_done = 0;
+		if (progress)
+			progress_state = start_progress("Compressing objects",
+							nr_deltas);
+		qsort(delta_list, n, sizeof(*delta_list), type_size_sort);
+		ll_find_deltas(delta_list, n, window+1, depth, &nr_done);
+		stop_progress(&progress_state);
+		if (nr_done != nr_deltas)
+			die("inconsistency with delta count");
+	}
+	free(delta_list);
+}
+
+static int git_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.window")) {
+		window = git_config_int(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.windowmemory")) {
+		window_memory_limit = git_config_ulong(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.depth")) {
+		depth = git_config_int(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.compression")) {
+		int level = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (level == -1)
+			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+			die("bad pack compression level %d", level);
+		pack_compression_level = level;
+		pack_compression_seen = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.deltacachesize")) {
+		max_delta_cache_size = git_config_int(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.deltacachelimit")) {
+		cache_max_small_delta_size = git_config_int(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
+		delta_search_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (delta_search_threads < 0)
+			die("invalid number of threads specified (%d)",
+			    delta_search_threads);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+		if (delta_search_threads != 1)
+			warning("no threads support, ignoring %s", k);
+#endif
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
+		pack_idx_default_version = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (pack_idx_default_version > 2)
+			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32,
+				pack_idx_default_version);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.packsizelimit")) {
+		pack_size_limit_cfg = git_config_ulong(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+static void read_object_list_from_stdin(void)
+{
+	char line[40 + 1 + PATH_MAX + 2];
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin)) {
+			if (feof(stdin))
+				break;
+			if (!ferror(stdin))
+				die("fgets returned NULL, not EOF, not error!");
+			if (errno != EINTR)
+				die_errno("fgets");
+			clearerr(stdin);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (line[0] == '-') {
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line+1, sha1))
+				die("expected edge sha1, got garbage:\n %s",
+				    line);
+			add_preferred_base(sha1);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1))
+			die("expected sha1, got garbage:\n %s", line);
+
+		add_preferred_base_object(line+41);
+		add_object_entry(sha1, 0, line+41, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+#define OBJECT_ADDED (1u<<20)
+
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	add_object_entry(commit->object.sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, NULL, 0);
+	commit->object.flags |= OBJECT_ADDED;
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *last)
+{
+	char *name = path_name(path, last);
+
+	add_preferred_base_object(name);
+	add_object_entry(obj->sha1, obj->type, name, 0);
+	obj->flags |= OBJECT_ADDED;
+
+	/*
+	 * We will have generated the hash from the name,
+	 * but not saved a pointer to it - we can free it
+	 */
+	free((char *)name);
+}
+
+static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	add_preferred_base(commit->object.sha1);
+}
+
+struct in_pack_object {
+	off_t offset;
+	struct object *object;
+};
+
+struct in_pack {
+	int alloc;
+	int nr;
+	struct in_pack_object *array;
+};
+
+static void mark_in_pack_object(struct object *object, struct packed_git *p, struct in_pack *in_pack)
+{
+	in_pack->array[in_pack->nr].offset = find_pack_entry_one(object->sha1, p);
+	in_pack->array[in_pack->nr].object = object;
+	in_pack->nr++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare the objects in the offset order, in order to emulate the
+ * "git rev-list --objects" output that produced the pack originally.
+ */
+static int ofscmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct in_pack_object *a = (struct in_pack_object *)a_;
+	struct in_pack_object *b = (struct in_pack_object *)b_;
+
+	if (a->offset < b->offset)
+		return -1;
+	else if (a->offset > b->offset)
+		return 1;
+	else
+		return hashcmp(a->object->sha1, b->object->sha1);
+}
+
+static void add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	struct in_pack in_pack;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	memset(&in_pack, 0, sizeof(in_pack));
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		if (!p->pack_local || p->pack_keep)
+			continue;
+		if (open_pack_index(p))
+			die("cannot open pack index");
+
+		ALLOC_GROW(in_pack.array,
+			   in_pack.nr + p->num_objects,
+			   in_pack.alloc);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < p->num_objects; i++) {
+			sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+			o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
+			if (!(o->flags & OBJECT_ADDED))
+				mark_in_pack_object(o, p, &in_pack);
+			o->flags |= OBJECT_ADDED;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (in_pack.nr) {
+		qsort(in_pack.array, in_pack.nr, sizeof(in_pack.array[0]),
+		      ofscmp);
+		for (i = 0; i < in_pack.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *o = in_pack.array[i].object;
+			add_object_entry(o->sha1, o->type, "", 0);
+		}
+	}
+	free(in_pack.array);
+}
+
+static int has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static struct packed_git *last_found = (void *)1;
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	p = (last_found != (void *)1) ? last_found : packed_git;
+
+	while (p) {
+		if ((!p->pack_local || p->pack_keep) &&
+			find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p)) {
+			last_found = p;
+			return 1;
+		}
+		if (p == last_found)
+			p = packed_git;
+		else
+			p = p->next;
+		if (p == last_found)
+			p = p->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void loosen_unused_packed_objects(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	uint32_t i;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (!p->pack_local || p->pack_keep)
+			continue;
+
+		if (open_pack_index(p))
+			die("cannot open pack index");
+
+		for (i = 0; i < p->num_objects; i++) {
+			sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+			if (!locate_object_entry(sha1) &&
+				!has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(sha1))
+				if (force_object_loose(sha1, p->mtime))
+					die("unable to force loose object");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	char line[1000];
+	int flags = 0;
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
+
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) != NULL) {
+		int len = strlen(line);
+		if (len && line[len - 1] == '\n')
+			line[--len] = 0;
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (*line == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(line, "--not")) {
+				flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("not a rev '%s'", line);
+		}
+		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, 1))
+			die("bad revision '%s'", line);
+	}
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
+
+	if (keep_unreachable)
+		add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(&revs);
+	if (unpack_unreachable)
+		loosen_unused_packed_objects(&revs);
+}
+
+static int adjust_perm(const char *path, mode_t mode)
+{
+	if (chmod(path, mode))
+		return -1;
+	return adjust_shared_perm(path);
+}
+
+int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int use_internal_rev_list = 0;
+	int thin = 0;
+	int all_progress_implied = 0;
+	uint32_t i;
+	const char **rp_av;
+	int rp_ac_alloc = 64;
+	int rp_ac;
+
+	read_replace_refs = 0;
+
+	rp_av = xcalloc(rp_ac_alloc, sizeof(*rp_av));
+
+	rp_av[0] = "pack-objects";
+	rp_av[1] = "--objects"; /* --thin will make it --objects-edge */
+	rp_ac = 2;
+
+	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (!pack_compression_seen && core_compression_seen)
+		pack_compression_level = core_compression_level;
+
+	progress = isatty(2);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (*arg != '-')
+			break;
+
+		if (!strcmp("--non-empty", arg)) {
+			non_empty = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--local", arg)) {
+			local = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--incremental", arg)) {
+			incremental = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--honor-pack-keep", arg)) {
+			ignore_packed_keep = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--compression=")) {
+			char *end;
+			int level = strtoul(arg+14, &end, 0);
+			if (!arg[14] || *end)
+				usage(pack_usage);
+			if (level == -1)
+				level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+			else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+				die("bad pack compression level %d", level);
+			pack_compression_level = level;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-pack-size=")) {
+			pack_size_limit_cfg = 0;
+			if (!git_parse_ulong(arg+16, &pack_size_limit))
+				usage(pack_usage);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--window=")) {
+			char *end;
+			window = strtoul(arg+9, &end, 0);
+			if (!arg[9] || *end)
+				usage(pack_usage);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--window-memory=")) {
+			if (!git_parse_ulong(arg+16, &window_memory_limit))
+				usage(pack_usage);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--threads=")) {
+			char *end;
+			delta_search_threads = strtoul(arg+10, &end, 0);
+			if (!arg[10] || *end || delta_search_threads < 0)
+				usage(pack_usage);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+			if (delta_search_threads != 1)
+				warning("no threads support, "
+					"ignoring %s", arg);
+#endif
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--depth=")) {
+			char *end;
+			depth = strtoul(arg+8, &end, 0);
+			if (!arg[8] || *end)
+				usage(pack_usage);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--progress", arg)) {
+			progress = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--all-progress", arg)) {
+			progress = 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--all-progress-implied", arg)) {
+			all_progress_implied = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("-q", arg)) {
+			progress = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--no-reuse-delta", arg)) {
+			reuse_delta = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--no-reuse-object", arg)) {
+			reuse_object = reuse_delta = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--delta-base-offset", arg)) {
+			allow_ofs_delta = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--stdout", arg)) {
+			pack_to_stdout = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--revs", arg)) {
+			use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--keep-unreachable", arg)) {
+			keep_unreachable = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--unpack-unreachable", arg)) {
+			unpack_unreachable = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
+			include_tag = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--unpacked", arg) ||
+		    !strcmp("--reflog", arg) ||
+		    !strcmp("--all", arg)) {
+			use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+			if (rp_ac >= rp_ac_alloc - 1) {
+				rp_ac_alloc = alloc_nr(rp_ac_alloc);
+				rp_av = xrealloc(rp_av,
+						 rp_ac_alloc * sizeof(*rp_av));
+			}
+			rp_av[rp_ac++] = arg;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
+			use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+			thin = 1;
+			rp_av[1] = "--objects-edge";
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--index-version=")) {
+			char *c;
+			pack_idx_default_version = strtoul(arg + 16, &c, 10);
+			if (pack_idx_default_version > 2)
+				die("bad %s", arg);
+			if (*c == ',')
+				pack_idx_off32_limit = strtoul(c+1, &c, 0);
+			if (*c || pack_idx_off32_limit & 0x80000000)
+				die("bad %s", arg);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep-true-parents")) {
+			grafts_replace_parents = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		usage(pack_usage);
+	}
+
+	/* Traditionally "pack-objects [options] base extra" failed;
+	 * we would however want to take refs parameter that would
+	 * have been given to upstream rev-list ourselves, which means
+	 * we somehow want to say what the base name is.  So the
+	 * syntax would be:
+	 *
+	 * pack-objects [options] base <refs...>
+	 *
+	 * in other words, we would treat the first non-option as the
+	 * base_name and send everything else to the internal revision
+	 * walker.
+	 */
+
+	if (!pack_to_stdout)
+		base_name = argv[i++];
+
+	if (pack_to_stdout != !base_name)
+		usage(pack_usage);
+
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && !pack_size_limit)
+		pack_size_limit = pack_size_limit_cfg;
+	if (pack_to_stdout && pack_size_limit)
+		die("--max-pack-size cannot be used to build a pack for transfer.");
+	if (pack_size_limit && pack_size_limit < 1024*1024) {
+		warning("minimum pack size limit is 1 MiB");
+		pack_size_limit = 1024*1024;
+	}
+
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && thin)
+		die("--thin cannot be used to build an indexable pack.");
+
+	if (keep_unreachable && unpack_unreachable)
+		die("--keep-unreachable and --unpack-unreachable are incompatible.");
+
+	if (progress && all_progress_implied)
+		progress = 2;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+
+	if (progress)
+		progress_state = start_progress("Counting objects", 0);
+	if (!use_internal_rev_list)
+		read_object_list_from_stdin();
+	else {
+		rp_av[rp_ac] = NULL;
+		get_object_list(rp_ac, rp_av);
+	}
+	cleanup_preferred_base();
+	if (include_tag && nr_result)
+		for_each_ref(add_ref_tag, NULL);
+	stop_progress(&progress_state);
+
+	if (non_empty && !nr_result)
+		return 0;
+	if (nr_result)
+		prepare_pack(window, depth);
+	write_pack_file();
+	if (progress)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Total %"PRIu32" (delta %"PRIu32"),"
+			" reused %"PRIu32" (delta %"PRIu32")\n",
+			written, written_delta, reused, reused_delta);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-pack-redundant.c b/builtin-pack-redundant.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41e1615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-pack-redundant.c
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+/*
+*
+* Copyright 2005, Lukas Sandstrom <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+*
+* This file is licensed under the GPL v2.
+*
+*/
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+#define BLKSIZE 512
+
+static const char pack_redundant_usage[] =
+"git pack-redundant [ --verbose ] [ --alt-odb ] < --all | <.pack filename> ...>";
+
+static int load_all_packs, verbose, alt_odb;
+
+struct llist_item {
+	struct llist_item *next;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+};
+static struct llist {
+	struct llist_item *front;
+	struct llist_item *back;
+	size_t size;
+} *all_objects; /* all objects which must be present in local packfiles */
+
+static struct pack_list {
+	struct pack_list *next;
+	struct packed_git *pack;
+	struct llist *unique_objects;
+	struct llist *all_objects;
+} *local_packs = NULL, *altodb_packs = NULL;
+
+struct pll {
+	struct pll *next;
+	struct pack_list *pl;
+};
+
+static struct llist_item *free_nodes;
+
+static inline void llist_item_put(struct llist_item *item)
+{
+	item->next = free_nodes;
+	free_nodes = item;
+}
+
+static inline struct llist_item *llist_item_get(void)
+{
+	struct llist_item *new;
+	if ( free_nodes ) {
+		new = free_nodes;
+		free_nodes = free_nodes->next;
+	} else {
+		int i = 1;
+		new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct llist_item) * BLKSIZE);
+		for (; i < BLKSIZE; i++)
+			llist_item_put(&new[i]);
+	}
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void llist_free(struct llist *list)
+{
+	while ((list->back = list->front)) {
+		list->front = list->front->next;
+		llist_item_put(list->back);
+	}
+	free(list);
+}
+
+static inline void llist_init(struct llist **list)
+{
+	*list = xmalloc(sizeof(struct llist));
+	(*list)->front = (*list)->back = NULL;
+	(*list)->size = 0;
+}
+
+static struct llist * llist_copy(struct llist *list)
+{
+	struct llist *ret;
+	struct llist_item *new, *old, *prev;
+
+	llist_init(&ret);
+
+	if ((ret->size = list->size) == 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	new = ret->front = llist_item_get();
+	new->sha1 = list->front->sha1;
+
+	old = list->front->next;
+	while (old) {
+		prev = new;
+		new = llist_item_get();
+		prev->next = new;
+		new->sha1 = old->sha1;
+		old = old->next;
+	}
+	new->next = NULL;
+	ret->back = new;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline struct llist_item *llist_insert(struct llist *list,
+					      struct llist_item *after,
+					       const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct llist_item *new = llist_item_get();
+	new->sha1 = sha1;
+	new->next = NULL;
+
+	if (after != NULL) {
+		new->next = after->next;
+		after->next = new;
+		if (after == list->back)
+			list->back = new;
+	} else {/* insert in front */
+		if (list->size == 0)
+			list->back = new;
+		else
+			new->next = list->front;
+		list->front = new;
+	}
+	list->size++;
+	return new;
+}
+
+static inline struct llist_item *llist_insert_back(struct llist *list,
+						   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return llist_insert(list, list->back, sha1);
+}
+
+static inline struct llist_item *llist_insert_sorted_unique(struct llist *list,
+			const unsigned char *sha1, struct llist_item *hint)
+{
+	struct llist_item *prev = NULL, *l;
+
+	l = (hint == NULL) ? list->front : hint;
+	while (l) {
+		int cmp = hashcmp(l->sha1, sha1);
+		if (cmp > 0) { /* we insert before this entry */
+			return llist_insert(list, prev, sha1);
+		}
+		if (!cmp) { /* already exists */
+			return l;
+		}
+		prev = l;
+		l = l->next;
+	}
+	/* insert at the end */
+	return llist_insert_back(list, sha1);
+}
+
+/* returns a pointer to an item in front of sha1 */
+static inline struct llist_item * llist_sorted_remove(struct llist *list, const unsigned char *sha1, struct llist_item *hint)
+{
+	struct llist_item *prev, *l;
+
+redo_from_start:
+	l = (hint == NULL) ? list->front : hint;
+	prev = NULL;
+	while (l) {
+		int cmp = hashcmp(l->sha1, sha1);
+		if (cmp > 0) /* not in list, since sorted */
+			return prev;
+		if (!cmp) { /* found */
+			if (prev == NULL) {
+				if (hint != NULL && hint != list->front) {
+					/* we don't know the previous element */
+					hint = NULL;
+					goto redo_from_start;
+				}
+				list->front = l->next;
+			} else
+				prev->next = l->next;
+			if (l == list->back)
+				list->back = prev;
+			llist_item_put(l);
+			list->size--;
+			return prev;
+		}
+		prev = l;
+		l = l->next;
+	}
+	return prev;
+}
+
+/* computes A\B */
+static void llist_sorted_difference_inplace(struct llist *A,
+				     struct llist *B)
+{
+	struct llist_item *hint, *b;
+
+	hint = NULL;
+	b = B->front;
+
+	while (b) {
+		hint = llist_sorted_remove(A, b->sha1, hint);
+		b = b->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline struct pack_list * pack_list_insert(struct pack_list **pl,
+					   struct pack_list *entry)
+{
+	struct pack_list *p = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pack_list));
+	memcpy(p, entry, sizeof(struct pack_list));
+	p->next = *pl;
+	*pl = p;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static inline size_t pack_list_size(struct pack_list *pl)
+{
+	size_t ret = 0;
+	while (pl) {
+		ret++;
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct pack_list * pack_list_difference(const struct pack_list *A,
+					       const struct pack_list *B)
+{
+	struct pack_list *ret;
+	const struct pack_list *pl;
+
+	if (A == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	pl = B;
+	while (pl != NULL) {
+		if (A->pack == pl->pack)
+			return pack_list_difference(A->next, B);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	ret = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pack_list));
+	memcpy(ret, A, sizeof(struct pack_list));
+	ret->next = pack_list_difference(A->next, B);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void cmp_two_packs(struct pack_list *p1, struct pack_list *p2)
+{
+	unsigned long p1_off = 0, p2_off = 0, p1_step, p2_step;
+	const unsigned char *p1_base, *p2_base;
+	struct llist_item *p1_hint = NULL, *p2_hint = NULL;
+
+	p1_base = p1->pack->index_data;
+	p2_base = p2->pack->index_data;
+	p1_base += 256 * 4 + ((p1->pack->index_version < 2) ? 4 : 8);
+	p2_base += 256 * 4 + ((p2->pack->index_version < 2) ? 4 : 8);
+	p1_step = (p1->pack->index_version < 2) ? 24 : 20;
+	p2_step = (p2->pack->index_version < 2) ? 24 : 20;
+
+	while (p1_off < p1->pack->num_objects * p1_step &&
+	       p2_off < p2->pack->num_objects * p2_step)
+	{
+		int cmp = hashcmp(p1_base + p1_off, p2_base + p2_off);
+		/* cmp ~ p1 - p2 */
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			p1_hint = llist_sorted_remove(p1->unique_objects,
+					p1_base + p1_off, p1_hint);
+			p2_hint = llist_sorted_remove(p2->unique_objects,
+					p1_base + p1_off, p2_hint);
+			p1_off += p1_step;
+			p2_off += p2_step;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (cmp < 0) { /* p1 has the object, p2 doesn't */
+			p1_off += p1_step;
+		} else { /* p2 has the object, p1 doesn't */
+			p2_off += p2_step;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void pll_free(struct pll *l)
+{
+	struct pll *old;
+	struct pack_list *opl;
+
+	while (l) {
+		old = l;
+		while (l->pl) {
+			opl = l->pl;
+			l->pl = opl->next;
+			free(opl);
+		}
+		l = l->next;
+		free(old);
+	}
+}
+
+/* all the permutations have to be free()d at the same time,
+ * since they refer to each other
+ */
+static struct pll * get_permutations(struct pack_list *list, int n)
+{
+	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL, *pll;
+
+	if (list == NULL || pack_list_size(list) < n || n == 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (n == 1) {
+		while (list) {
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll->pl = NULL;
+			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
+			new_pll->next = ret;
+			ret = new_pll;
+			list = list->next;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	while (list->next) {
+		subset = get_permutations(list->next, n - 1);
+		while (subset) {
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll->pl = subset->pl;
+			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
+			new_pll->next = ret;
+			ret = new_pll;
+			subset = subset->next;
+		}
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int is_superset(struct pack_list *pl, struct llist *list)
+{
+	struct llist *diff;
+
+	diff = llist_copy(list);
+
+	while (pl) {
+		llist_sorted_difference_inplace(diff, pl->all_objects);
+		if (diff->size == 0) { /* we're done */
+			llist_free(diff);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	llist_free(diff);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t sizeof_union(struct packed_git *p1, struct packed_git *p2)
+{
+	size_t ret = 0;
+	unsigned long p1_off = 0, p2_off = 0, p1_step, p2_step;
+	const unsigned char *p1_base, *p2_base;
+
+	p1_base = p1->index_data;
+	p2_base = p2->index_data;
+	p1_base += 256 * 4 + ((p1->index_version < 2) ? 4 : 8);
+	p2_base += 256 * 4 + ((p2->index_version < 2) ? 4 : 8);
+	p1_step = (p1->index_version < 2) ? 24 : 20;
+	p2_step = (p2->index_version < 2) ? 24 : 20;
+
+	while (p1_off < p1->num_objects * p1_step &&
+	       p2_off < p2->num_objects * p2_step)
+	{
+		int cmp = hashcmp(p1_base + p1_off, p2_base + p2_off);
+		/* cmp ~ p1 - p2 */
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			ret++;
+			p1_off += p1_step;
+			p2_off += p2_step;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (cmp < 0) { /* p1 has the object, p2 doesn't */
+			p1_off += p1_step;
+		} else { /* p2 has the object, p1 doesn't */
+			p2_off += p2_step;
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* another O(n^2) function ... */
+static size_t get_pack_redundancy(struct pack_list *pl)
+{
+	struct pack_list *subset;
+	size_t ret = 0;
+
+	if (pl == NULL)
+		return 0;
+
+	while ((subset = pl->next)) {
+		while (subset) {
+			ret += sizeof_union(pl->pack, subset->pack);
+			subset = subset->next;
+		}
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline off_t pack_set_bytecount(struct pack_list *pl)
+{
+	off_t ret = 0;
+	while (pl) {
+		ret += pl->pack->pack_size;
+		ret += pl->pack->index_size;
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void minimize(struct pack_list **min)
+{
+	struct pack_list *pl, *unique = NULL,
+		*non_unique = NULL, *min_perm = NULL;
+	struct pll *perm, *perm_all, *perm_ok = NULL, *new_perm;
+	struct llist *missing;
+	off_t min_perm_size = 0, perm_size;
+	int n;
+
+	pl = local_packs;
+	while (pl) {
+		if (pl->unique_objects->size)
+			pack_list_insert(&unique, pl);
+		else
+			pack_list_insert(&non_unique, pl);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	/* find out which objects are missing from the set of unique packs */
+	missing = llist_copy(all_objects);
+	pl = unique;
+	while (pl) {
+		llist_sorted_difference_inplace(missing, pl->all_objects);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+
+	/* return if there are no objects missing from the unique set */
+	if (missing->size == 0) {
+		*min = unique;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* find the permutations which contain all missing objects */
+	for (n = 1; n <= pack_list_size(non_unique) && !perm_ok; n++) {
+		perm_all = perm = get_permutations(non_unique, n);
+		while (perm) {
+			if (is_superset(perm->pl, missing)) {
+				new_perm = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pll));
+				memcpy(new_perm, perm, sizeof(struct pll));
+				new_perm->next = perm_ok;
+				perm_ok = new_perm;
+			}
+			perm = perm->next;
+		}
+		if (perm_ok)
+			break;
+		pll_free(perm_all);
+	}
+	if (perm_ok == NULL)
+		die("Internal error: No complete sets found!");
+
+	/* find the permutation with the smallest size */
+	perm = perm_ok;
+	while (perm) {
+		perm_size = pack_set_bytecount(perm->pl);
+		if (!min_perm_size || min_perm_size > perm_size) {
+			min_perm_size = perm_size;
+			min_perm = perm->pl;
+		}
+		perm = perm->next;
+	}
+	*min = min_perm;
+	/* add the unique packs to the list */
+	pl = unique;
+	while (pl) {
+		pack_list_insert(min, pl);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void load_all_objects(void)
+{
+	struct pack_list *pl = local_packs;
+	struct llist_item *hint, *l;
+
+	llist_init(&all_objects);
+
+	while (pl) {
+		hint = NULL;
+		l = pl->all_objects->front;
+		while (l) {
+			hint = llist_insert_sorted_unique(all_objects,
+							  l->sha1, hint);
+			l = l->next;
+		}
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	/* remove objects present in remote packs */
+	pl = altodb_packs;
+	while (pl) {
+		llist_sorted_difference_inplace(all_objects, pl->all_objects);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/* this scales like O(n^2) */
+static void cmp_local_packs(void)
+{
+	struct pack_list *subset, *pl = local_packs;
+
+	while ((subset = pl)) {
+		while ((subset = subset->next))
+			cmp_two_packs(pl, subset);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void scan_alt_odb_packs(void)
+{
+	struct pack_list *local, *alt;
+
+	alt = altodb_packs;
+	while (alt) {
+		local = local_packs;
+		while (local) {
+			llist_sorted_difference_inplace(local->unique_objects,
+							alt->all_objects);
+			local = local->next;
+		}
+		llist_sorted_difference_inplace(all_objects, alt->all_objects);
+		alt = alt->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct pack_list * add_pack(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	struct pack_list l;
+	unsigned long off = 0, step;
+	const unsigned char *base;
+
+	if (!p->pack_local && !(alt_odb || verbose))
+		return NULL;
+
+	l.pack = p;
+	llist_init(&l.all_objects);
+
+	if (open_pack_index(p))
+		return NULL;
+
+	base = p->index_data;
+	base += 256 * 4 + ((p->index_version < 2) ? 4 : 8);
+	step = (p->index_version < 2) ? 24 : 20;
+	while (off < p->num_objects * step) {
+		llist_insert_back(l.all_objects, base + off);
+		off += step;
+	}
+	/* this list will be pruned in cmp_two_packs later */
+	l.unique_objects = llist_copy(l.all_objects);
+	if (p->pack_local)
+		return pack_list_insert(&local_packs, &l);
+	else
+		return pack_list_insert(&altodb_packs, &l);
+}
+
+static struct pack_list * add_pack_file(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = packed_git;
+
+	if (strlen(filename) < 40)
+		die("Bad pack filename: %s", filename);
+
+	while (p) {
+		if (strstr(p->pack_name, filename))
+			return add_pack(p);
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	die("Filename %s not found in packed_git", filename);
+}
+
+static void load_all(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = packed_git;
+
+	while (p) {
+		add_pack(p);
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_pack_redundant(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct pack_list *min, *red, *pl;
+	struct llist *ignore;
+	unsigned char *sha1;
+	char buf[42]; /* 40 byte sha1 + \n + \0 */
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(pack_redundant_usage);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
+			load_all_packs = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose")) {
+			verbose = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--alt-odb")) {
+			alt_odb = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (*arg == '-')
+			usage(pack_redundant_usage);
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+
+	if (load_all_packs)
+		load_all();
+	else
+		while (*(argv + i) != NULL)
+			add_pack_file(*(argv + i++));
+
+	if (local_packs == NULL)
+		die("Zero packs found!");
+
+	load_all_objects();
+
+	cmp_local_packs();
+	if (alt_odb)
+		scan_alt_odb_packs();
+
+	/* ignore objects given on stdin */
+	llist_init(&ignore);
+	if (!isatty(0)) {
+		while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
+			sha1 = xmalloc(20);
+			if (get_sha1_hex(buf, sha1))
+				die("Bad sha1 on stdin: %s", buf);
+			llist_insert_sorted_unique(ignore, sha1, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+	llist_sorted_difference_inplace(all_objects, ignore);
+	pl = local_packs;
+	while (pl) {
+		llist_sorted_difference_inplace(pl->unique_objects, ignore);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+
+	minimize(&min);
+
+	if (verbose) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "There are %lu packs available in alt-odbs.\n",
+			(unsigned long)pack_list_size(altodb_packs));
+		fprintf(stderr, "The smallest (bytewise) set of packs is:\n");
+		pl = min;
+		while (pl) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", pl->pack->pack_name);
+			pl = pl->next;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "containing %lu duplicate objects "
+				"with a total size of %lukb.\n",
+			(unsigned long)get_pack_redundancy(min),
+			(unsigned long)pack_set_bytecount(min)/1024);
+		fprintf(stderr, "A total of %lu unique objects were considered.\n",
+			(unsigned long)all_objects->size);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Redundant packs (with indexes):\n");
+	}
+	pl = red = pack_list_difference(local_packs, min);
+	while (pl) {
+		printf("%s\n%s\n",
+		       sha1_pack_index_name(pl->pack->sha1),
+		       pl->pack->pack_name);
+		pl = pl->next;
+	}
+	if (verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%luMB of redundant packs in total.\n",
+			(unsigned long)pack_set_bytecount(red)/(1024*1024));
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-pack-refs.c b/builtin-pack-refs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..091860b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-pack-refs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pack-refs.h"
+
+static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
+	"git pack-refs [options]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_pack_refs(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = PACK_REFS_PRUNE;
+	struct option opts[] = {
+		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, "pack everything", PACK_REFS_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, "prune loose refs (default)", PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+	if (parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, pack_refs_usage, 0))
+		usage_with_options(pack_refs_usage, opts);
+	return pack_refs(flags);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-patch-id.c b/builtin-patch-id.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af0911e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-patch-id.c
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, unsigned char *id, git_SHA_CTX *c)
+{
+	unsigned char result[20];
+	char name[50];
+
+	if (!patchlen)
+		return;
+
+	git_SHA1_Final(result, c);
+	memcpy(name, sha1_to_hex(id), 41);
+	printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(result), name);
+	git_SHA1_Init(c);
+}
+
+static int remove_space(char *line)
+{
+	char *src = line;
+	char *dst = line;
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	while ((c = *src++) != '\0') {
+		if (!isspace(c))
+			*dst++ = c;
+	}
+	return dst - line;
+}
+
+static void generate_id_list(void)
+{
+	static unsigned char sha1[20];
+	static char line[1000];
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	int patchlen = 0;
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) != NULL) {
+		unsigned char n[20];
+		char *p = line;
+		int len;
+
+		if (!memcmp(line, "diff-tree ", 10))
+			p += 10;
+		else if (!memcmp(line, "commit ", 7))
+			p += 7;
+
+		if (!get_sha1_hex(p, n)) {
+			flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, &ctx);
+			hashcpy(sha1, n);
+			patchlen = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Ignore commit comments */
+		if (!patchlen && memcmp(line, "diff ", 5))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Ignore git-diff index header */
+		if (!memcmp(line, "index ", 6))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Ignore line numbers when computing the SHA1 of the patch */
+		if (!memcmp(line, "@@ -", 4))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Compute the sha without whitespace */
+		len = remove_space(line);
+		patchlen += len;
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, line, len);
+	}
+	flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, &ctx);
+}
+
+static const char patch_id_usage[] = "git patch-id < patch";
+
+int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage(patch_id_usage);
+
+	generate_id_list();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-prune-packed.c b/builtin-prune-packed.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9463de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-prune-packed.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const prune_packed_usage[] = {
+	"git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+#define DRY_RUN 01
+#define VERBOSE 02
+
+static struct progress *progress;
+
+static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
+{
+	struct dirent *de;
+	char hex[40];
+
+	sprintf(hex, "%02x", i);
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
+			continue;
+		memcpy(hex+2, de->d_name, 38);
+		if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+			continue;
+		if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+			continue;
+		memcpy(pathname + len, de->d_name, 38);
+		if (opts & DRY_RUN)
+			printf("rm -f %s\n", pathname);
+		else
+			unlink_or_warn(pathname);
+		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
+	}
+	pathname[len] = 0;
+	rmdir(pathname);
+}
+
+void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
+{
+	int i;
+	static char pathname[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *dir = get_object_directory();
+	int len = strlen(dir);
+
+	if (opts == VERBOSE)
+		progress = start_progress_delay("Removing duplicate objects",
+			256, 95, 2);
+
+	if (len > PATH_MAX - 42)
+		die("impossible object directory");
+	memcpy(pathname, dir, len);
+	if (len && pathname[len-1] != '/')
+		pathname[len++] = '/';
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		DIR *d;
+
+		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
+		sprintf(pathname + len, "%02x/", i);
+		d = opendir(pathname);
+		if (!d)
+			continue;
+		prune_dir(i, d, pathname, len + 3, opts);
+		closedir(d);
+	}
+	stop_progress(&progress);
+}
+
+int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
+	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, "dry run", DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, "be quiet", VERBOSE),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, prune_packed_options,
+			     prune_packed_usage, 0);
+
+	prune_packed_objects(opts);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-prune.c b/builtin-prune.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8459aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-prune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "reachable.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static const char * const prune_usage[] = {
+	"git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]",
+	NULL
+};
+static int show_only;
+static int verbose;
+static unsigned long expire;
+
+static int prune_tmp_object(const char *path, const char *filename)
+{
+	const char *fullpath = mkpath("%s/%s", path, filename);
+	if (expire) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (lstat(fullpath, &st))
+			return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
+		if (st.st_mtime > expire)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
+	if (!show_only)
+		unlink_or_warn(fullpath);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int prune_object(char *path, const char *filename, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *fullpath = mkpath("%s/%s", path, filename);
+	if (expire) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (lstat(fullpath, &st))
+			return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
+		if (st.st_mtime > expire)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (show_only || verbose) {
+		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+		       (type > 0) ? typename(type) : "unknown");
+	}
+	if (!show_only)
+		unlink_or_warn(fullpath);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int prune_dir(int i, char *path)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	struct dirent *de;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return 0;
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		char name[100];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
+			continue;
+		if (strlen(de->d_name) == 38) {
+			sprintf(name, "%02x", i);
+			memcpy(name+2, de->d_name, 39);
+			if (get_sha1_hex(name, sha1) < 0)
+				break;
+
+			/*
+			 * Do we know about this object?
+			 * It must have been reachable
+			 */
+			if (lookup_object(sha1))
+				continue;
+
+			prune_object(path, de->d_name, sha1);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_")) {
+			prune_tmp_object(path, de->d_name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s/%s\n", path, de->d_name);
+	}
+	if (!show_only)
+		rmdir(path);
+	closedir(dir);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void prune_object_dir(const char *path)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		static char dir[4096];
+		sprintf(dir, "%s/%02x", path, i);
+		prune_dir(i, dir);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write errors (particularly out of space) can result in
+ * failed temporary packs (and more rarely indexes and other
+ * files begining with "tmp_") accumulating in the object
+ * and the pack directories.
+ */
+static void remove_temporary_files(const char *path)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *de;
+
+	dir = opendir(path);
+	if (!dir) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open directory %s\n", path);
+		return;
+	}
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_"))
+			prune_tmp_object(path, de->d_name);
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &show_only,
+			    "do not remove, show only"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &verbose,
+			"report pruned objects"),
+		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+			 "expire objects older than <time>"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	char *s;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, prune_usage, 0);
+	while (argc--) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = *argv++;
+
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			if (!object)
+				die("bad object: %s", name);
+			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
+		}
+		else
+			die("unrecognized argument: %s", name);
+	}
+	mark_reachable_objects(&revs, 1);
+	prune_object_dir(get_object_directory());
+
+	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
+	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
+	s = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/pack", get_object_directory()));
+	remove_temporary_files(s);
+	free(s);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-push.c b/builtin-push.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5633f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-push.c
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * "git push"
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const push_usage[] = {
+	"git push [<options>] [<repository> <refspec>...]",
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static int thin;
+static int deleterefs;
+static const char *receivepack;
+
+static const char **refspec;
+static int refspec_nr;
+
+static void add_refspec(const char *ref)
+{
+	int nr = refspec_nr + 1;
+	refspec = xrealloc(refspec, nr * sizeof(char *));
+	refspec[nr-1] = ref;
+	refspec_nr = nr;
+}
+
+static void set_refspecs(const char **refs, int nr)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		const char *ref = refs[i];
+		if (!strcmp("tag", ref)) {
+			char *tag;
+			int len;
+			if (nr <= ++i)
+				die("tag shorthand without <tag>");
+			len = strlen(refs[i]) + 11;
+			if (deleterefs) {
+				tag = xmalloc(len+1);
+				strcpy(tag, ":refs/tags/");
+			} else {
+				tag = xmalloc(len);
+				strcpy(tag, "refs/tags/");
+			}
+			strcat(tag, refs[i]);
+			ref = tag;
+		} else if (deleterefs && !strchr(ref, ':')) {
+			char *delref;
+			int len = strlen(ref)+1;
+			delref = xmalloc(len+1);
+			strcpy(delref, ":");
+			strcat(delref, ref);
+			ref = delref;
+		} else if (deleterefs)
+			die("--delete only accepts plain target ref names");
+		add_refspec(ref);
+	}
+}
+
+static void setup_push_tracking(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+	if (!branch)
+		die("You are not currently on a branch.");
+	if (!branch->merge_nr)
+		die("The current branch %s is not tracking anything.",
+		    branch->name);
+	if (branch->merge_nr != 1)
+		die("The current branch %s is tracking multiple branches, "
+		    "refusing to push.", branch->name);
+	strbuf_addf(&refspec, "%s:%s", branch->name, branch->merge[0]->src);
+	add_refspec(refspec.buf);
+}
+
+static void setup_default_push_refspecs(void)
+{
+	switch (push_default) {
+	default:
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING:
+		add_refspec(":");
+		break;
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_TRACKING:
+		setup_push_tracking();
+		break;
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
+		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		break;
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
+		die("You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and "
+		    "push.default is \"nothing\".");
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	int nonfastforward;
+	if (receivepack)
+		transport_set_option(transport,
+				     TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK, receivepack);
+	if (thin)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, "yes");
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Pushing to %s\n", transport->url);
+	err = transport_push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags,
+			     &nonfastforward);
+	if (err != 0)
+		error("failed to push some refs to '%s'", transport->url);
+
+	err |= transport_disconnect(transport);
+
+	if (!err)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (nonfastforward && advice_push_nonfastforward) {
+		printf("To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n"
+		       "Merge the remote changes before pushing again.  See the 'Note about\n"
+		       "fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n");
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
+{
+	int i, errs;
+	struct remote *remote = remote_get(repo);
+	const char **url;
+	int url_nr;
+
+	if (!remote) {
+		if (repo)
+			die("bad repository '%s'", repo);
+		die("No destination configured to push to.");
+	}
+
+	if (remote->mirror)
+		flags |= (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
+
+	if ((flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL) && refspec) {
+		if (!strcmp(*refspec, "refs/tags/*"))
+			return error("--all and --tags are incompatible");
+		return error("--all can't be combined with refspecs");
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR) && refspec) {
+		if (!strcmp(*refspec, "refs/tags/*"))
+			return error("--mirror and --tags are incompatible");
+		return error("--mirror can't be combined with refspecs");
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & (TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL|TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)) ==
+				(TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL|TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)) {
+		return error("--all and --mirror are incompatible");
+	}
+
+	if (!refspec && !(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL)) {
+		if (remote->push_refspec_nr) {
+			refspec = remote->push_refspec;
+			refspec_nr = remote->push_refspec_nr;
+		} else if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR))
+			setup_default_push_refspecs();
+	}
+	errs = 0;
+	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
+		url = remote->pushurl;
+		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
+	} else {
+		url = remote->url;
+		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
+	}
+	if (url_nr) {
+		for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++) {
+			struct transport *transport =
+				transport_get(remote, url[i]);
+			if (push_with_options(transport, flags))
+				errs++;
+		}
+	} else {
+		struct transport *transport =
+			transport_get(remote, NULL);
+
+		if (push_with_options(transport, flags))
+			errs++;
+	}
+	return !!errs;
+}
+
+int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int flags = 0;
+	int tags = 0;
+	int rc;
+	const char *repo = NULL;	/* default repository */
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, "be quiet", TRANSPORT_PUSH_QUIET),
+		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, "be verbose", TRANSPORT_PUSH_VERBOSE),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, "repository", "repository"),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, "push all refs", TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, "mirror all refs",
+			    (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE)),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, "delete refs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"),
+		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, "dry run", TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, "machine-readable output", TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, "force updates", TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, "use thin pack"),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
+		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, "set upstream for git pull/status",
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, push_usage, 0);
+
+	if (deleterefs && (tags || (flags & (TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL | TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR))))
+		die("--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags");
+	if (deleterefs && argc < 2)
+		die("--delete doesn't make sense without any refs");
+
+	if (tags)
+		add_refspec("refs/tags/*");
+
+	if (argc > 0) {
+		repo = argv[0];
+		set_refspecs(argv + 1, argc - 1);
+	}
+
+	rc = do_push(repo, flags);
+	if (rc == -1)
+		usage_with_options(push_usage, options);
+	else
+		return rc;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-read-tree.c b/builtin-read-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bdcab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-read-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+
+static int nr_trees;
+static struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+
+static int list_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct tree *tree;
+
+	if (nr_trees >= MAX_UNPACK_TREES)
+		die("I cannot read more than %d trees", MAX_UNPACK_TREES);
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees++] = tree;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char * const read_tree_usage[] = {
+	"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int index_output_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+				 int unset)
+{
+	set_alternate_index_output(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int exclude_per_directory_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+				    int unset)
+{
+	struct dir_struct *dir;
+	struct unpack_trees_options *opts;
+
+	opts = (struct unpack_trees_options *)opt->value;
+
+	if (opts->dir)
+		die("more than one --exclude-per-directory given.");
+
+	dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*opts->dir));
+	dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+	dir->exclude_per_dir = arg;
+	opts->dir = dir;
+	/* We do not need to nor want to do read-directory
+	 * here; we are merely interested in reusing the
+	 * per directory ignore stack mechanism.
+	 */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	printf("%s ", label);
+	if (!ce)
+		printf("(missing)\n");
+	else if (ce == o->df_conflict_entry)
+		printf("(conflict)\n");
+	else
+		printf("%06o #%d %s %.8s\n",
+		       ce->ce_mode, ce_stage(ce), ce->name,
+		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+}
+
+static int debug_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	printf("* %d-way merge\n", o->merge_size);
+	debug_stage("index", stages[0], o);
+	for (i = 1; i <= o->merge_size; i++) {
+		char buf[24];
+		sprintf(buf, "ent#%d", i);
+		debug_stage(buf, stages[i], o);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
+
+int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
+{
+	int i, newfd, stage = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	int prefix_set = 0;
+	const struct option read_tree_options[] = {
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, "FILE",
+		  "write resulting index to <FILE>",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, index_output_cb },
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update),
+		OPT_GROUP("Merging"),
+		OPT_SET_INT('m', NULL, &opts.merge,
+			    "perform a merge in addition to a read", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "trivial", &opts.trivial_merges_only,
+			    "3-way merge if no file level merging required", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "aggressive", &opts.aggressive,
+			    "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "reset", &opts.reset,
+			    "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries", 1),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, "<subdirectory>/",
+		  "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
+		OPT_SET_INT('u', NULL, &opts.update,
+			    "update working tree with merge result", 1),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-per-directory", &opts,
+		  "gitignore",
+		  "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_per_directory_cb },
+		OPT_SET_INT('i', NULL, &opts.index_only,
+			    "don't check the working tree after merging", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "no-sparse-checkout", &opts.skip_sparse_checkout,
+			    "skip applying sparse checkout filter", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "debug-unpack", &opts.debug_unpack,
+			    "debug unpack-trees", 1),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = -1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, unused_prefix, read_tree_options,
+			     read_tree_usage, 0);
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+
+	prefix_set = opts.prefix ? 1 : 0;
+	if (1 < opts.merge + opts.reset + prefix_set)
+		die("Which one? -m, --reset, or --prefix?");
+
+	if (opts.reset || opts.merge || opts.prefix) {
+		if (read_cache_unmerged() && (opts.prefix || opts.merge))
+			die("You need to resolve your current index first");
+		stage = opts.merge = 1;
+	}
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+			die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
+		if (list_tree(sha1) < 0)
+			die("failed to unpack tree object %s", arg);
+		stage++;
+	}
+	if (1 < opts.index_only + opts.update)
+		die("-u and -i at the same time makes no sense");
+	if ((opts.update||opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
+		die("%s is meaningless without -m, --reset, or --prefix",
+		    opts.update ? "-u" : "-i");
+	if ((opts.dir && !opts.update))
+		die("--exclude-per-directory is meaningless unless -u");
+	if (opts.merge && !opts.index_only)
+		setup_work_tree();
+
+	if (opts.merge) {
+		if (stage < 2)
+			die("just how do you expect me to merge %d trees?", stage-1);
+		switch (stage - 1) {
+		case 1:
+			opts.fn = opts.prefix ? bind_merge : oneway_merge;
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+			opts.initial_checkout = is_cache_unborn();
+			break;
+		case 3:
+		default:
+			opts.fn = threeway_merge;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (stage - 1 >= 3)
+			opts.head_idx = stage - 2;
+		else
+			opts.head_idx = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (opts.debug_unpack)
+		opts.fn = debug_merge;
+
+	cache_tree_free(&active_cache_tree);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		struct tree *tree = trees[i];
+		parse_tree(tree);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return 128;
+
+	if (opts.debug_unpack)
+		return 0; /* do not write the index out */
+
+	/*
+	 * When reading only one tree (either the most basic form,
+	 * "-m ent" or "--reset ent" form), we can obtain a fully
+	 * valid cache-tree because the index must match exactly
+	 * what came from the tree.
+	 *
+	 * The same holds true if we are switching between two trees
+	 * using read-tree -m A B.  The index must match B after that.
+	 */
+	if (nr_trees == 1 && !opts.prefix)
+		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, trees[0]);
+	else if (nr_trees == 2 && opts.merge)
+		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, trees[1]);
+
+	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+		die("unable to write new index file");
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-receive-pack.c b/builtin-receive-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4320c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-receive-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+
+static const char receive_pack_usage[] = "git receive-pack <git-dir>";
+
+enum deny_action {
+	DENY_UNCONFIGURED,
+	DENY_IGNORE,
+	DENY_WARN,
+	DENY_REFUSE,
+};
+
+static int deny_deletes;
+static int deny_non_fast_forwards;
+static enum deny_action deny_current_branch = DENY_UNCONFIGURED;
+static enum deny_action deny_delete_current = DENY_UNCONFIGURED;
+static int receive_fsck_objects;
+static int receive_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
+static int report_status;
+static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
+static int auto_update_server_info;
+static int auto_gc = 1;
+static const char *head_name;
+static char *capabilities_to_send;
+
+static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (value) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "ignore"))
+			return DENY_IGNORE;
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "warn"))
+			return DENY_WARN;
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "refuse"))
+			return DENY_REFUSE;
+	}
+	if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+		return DENY_REFUSE;
+	return DENY_IGNORE;
+}
+
+static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletes") == 0) {
+		deny_deletes = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denynonfastforwards") == 0) {
+		deny_non_fast_forwards = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		receive_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
+		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.fsckobjects") == 0) {
+		receive_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "receive.denycurrentbranch")) {
+		deny_current_branch = parse_deny_action(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletecurrent") == 0) {
+		deny_delete_current = parse_deny_action(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
+		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.updateserverinfo") == 0) {
+		auto_update_server_info = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.autogc") == 0) {
+		auto_gc = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	if (!capabilities_to_send)
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	else
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), path, 0, capabilities_to_send);
+	capabilities_to_send = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_head_info(void)
+{
+	for_each_ref(show_ref, NULL);
+	if (capabilities_to_send)
+		show_ref("capabilities^{}", null_sha1, 0, NULL);
+
+}
+
+struct command {
+	struct command *next;
+	const char *error_string;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	char ref_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+static struct command *commands;
+
+static const char pre_receive_hook[] = "hooks/pre-receive";
+static const char post_receive_hook[] = "hooks/post-receive";
+
+static int run_receive_hook(const char *hook_name)
+{
+	static char buf[sizeof(commands->old_sha1) * 2 + PATH_MAX + 4];
+	struct command *cmd;
+	struct child_process proc;
+	const char *argv[2];
+	int have_input = 0, code;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; !have_input && cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!cmd->error_string)
+			have_input = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!have_input || access(hook_name, X_OK) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[0] = hook_name;
+	argv[1] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
+	proc.argv = argv;
+	proc.in = -1;
+	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+
+	code = start_command(&proc);
+	if (code)
+		return code;
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!cmd->error_string) {
+			size_t n = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s %s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1),
+				sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1),
+				cmd->ref_name);
+			if (write_in_full(proc.in, buf, n) != n)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	close(proc.in);
+	return finish_command(&proc);
+}
+
+static int run_update_hook(struct command *cmd)
+{
+	static const char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";
+	const char *argv[5];
+
+	if (access(update_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[0] = update_hook;
+	argv[1] = cmd->ref_name;
+	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1);
+	argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1);
+	argv[4] = NULL;
+
+	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN |
+					RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR);
+}
+
+static int is_ref_checked_out(const char *ref)
+{
+	if (is_bare_repository())
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!head_name)
+		return 0;
+	return !strcmp(head_name, ref);
+}
+
+static char *refuse_unconfigured_deny_msg[] = {
+	"By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository",
+	"is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent",
+	"with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match",
+	"the work tree to HEAD.",
+	"",
+	"You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to",
+	"'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into",
+	"its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you",
+	"arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some",
+	"other way.",
+	"",
+	"To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set",
+	"'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'."
+};
+
+static void refuse_unconfigured_deny(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(refuse_unconfigured_deny_msg); i++)
+		error("%s", refuse_unconfigured_deny_msg[i]);
+}
+
+static char *refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current_msg[] = {
+	"By default, deleting the current branch is denied, because the next",
+	"'git clone' won't result in any file checked out, causing confusion.",
+	"",
+	"You can set 'receive.denyDeleteCurrent' configuration variable to",
+	"'warn' or 'ignore' in the remote repository to allow deleting the",
+	"current branch, with or without a warning message.",
+	"",
+	"To squelch this message, you can set it to 'refuse'."
+};
+
+static void refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0;
+	     i < ARRAY_SIZE(refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current_msg);
+	     i++)
+		error("%s", refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current_msg[i]);
+}
+
+static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
+{
+	const char *name = cmd->ref_name;
+	unsigned char *old_sha1 = cmd->old_sha1;
+	unsigned char *new_sha1 = cmd->new_sha1;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+
+	/* only refs/... are allowed */
+	if (prefixcmp(name, "refs/") || check_ref_format(name + 5)) {
+		error("refusing to create funny ref '%s' remotely", name);
+		return "funny refname";
+	}
+
+	if (is_ref_checked_out(name)) {
+		switch (deny_current_branch) {
+		case DENY_IGNORE:
+			break;
+		case DENY_WARN:
+			warning("updating the current branch");
+			break;
+		case DENY_REFUSE:
+		case DENY_UNCONFIGURED:
+			error("refusing to update checked out branch: %s", name);
+			if (deny_current_branch == DENY_UNCONFIGURED)
+				refuse_unconfigured_deny();
+			return "branch is currently checked out";
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(new_sha1) && !has_sha1_file(new_sha1)) {
+		error("unpack should have generated %s, "
+		      "but I can't find it!", sha1_to_hex(new_sha1));
+		return "bad pack";
+	}
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(old_sha1) && is_null_sha1(new_sha1)) {
+		if (deny_deletes && !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+			error("denying ref deletion for %s", name);
+			return "deletion prohibited";
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(name, head_name)) {
+			switch (deny_delete_current) {
+			case DENY_IGNORE:
+				break;
+			case DENY_WARN:
+				warning("deleting the current branch");
+				break;
+			case DENY_REFUSE:
+			case DENY_UNCONFIGURED:
+				if (deny_delete_current == DENY_UNCONFIGURED)
+					refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current();
+				error("refusing to delete the current branch: %s", name);
+				return "deletion of the current branch prohibited";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (deny_non_fast_forwards && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
+	    !is_null_sha1(old_sha1) &&
+	    !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+		struct object *old_object, *new_object;
+		struct commit *old_commit, *new_commit;
+		struct commit_list *bases, *ent;
+
+		old_object = parse_object(old_sha1);
+		new_object = parse_object(new_sha1);
+
+		if (!old_object || !new_object ||
+		    old_object->type != OBJ_COMMIT ||
+		    new_object->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			error("bad sha1 objects for %s", name);
+			return "bad ref";
+		}
+		old_commit = (struct commit *)old_object;
+		new_commit = (struct commit *)new_object;
+		bases = get_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit, 1);
+		for (ent = bases; ent; ent = ent->next)
+			if (!hashcmp(old_sha1, ent->item->object.sha1))
+				break;
+		free_commit_list(bases);
+		if (!ent) {
+			error("denying non-fast-forward %s"
+			      " (you should pull first)", name);
+			return "non-fast-forward";
+		}
+	}
+	if (run_update_hook(cmd)) {
+		error("hook declined to update %s", name);
+		return "hook declined";
+	}
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(new_sha1)) {
+		if (!parse_object(old_sha1)) {
+			warning ("Allowing deletion of corrupt ref.");
+			old_sha1 = NULL;
+		}
+		if (delete_ref(name, old_sha1, 0)) {
+			error("failed to delete %s", name);
+			return "failed to delete";
+		}
+		return NULL; /* good */
+	}
+	else {
+		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(name, old_sha1, 0);
+		if (!lock) {
+			error("failed to lock %s", name);
+			return "failed to lock";
+		}
+		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, new_sha1, "push")) {
+			return "failed to write"; /* error() already called */
+		}
+		return NULL; /* good */
+	}
+}
+
+static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
+
+static void run_update_post_hook(struct command *cmd)
+{
+	struct command *cmd_p;
+	int argc, status;
+	const char **argv;
+
+	for (argc = 0, cmd_p = cmd; cmd_p; cmd_p = cmd_p->next) {
+		if (cmd_p->error_string)
+			continue;
+		argc++;
+	}
+	if (!argc || access(update_post_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+		return;
+	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (2 + argc));
+	argv[0] = update_post_hook;
+
+	for (argc = 1, cmd_p = cmd; cmd_p; cmd_p = cmd_p->next) {
+		char *p;
+		if (cmd_p->error_string)
+			continue;
+		p = xmalloc(strlen(cmd_p->ref_name) + 1);
+		strcpy(p, cmd_p->ref_name);
+		argv[argc] = p;
+		argc++;
+	}
+	argv[argc] = NULL;
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN
+			| RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR);
+}
+
+static void execute_commands(const char *unpacker_error)
+{
+	struct command *cmd = commands;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (unpacker_error) {
+		while (cmd) {
+			cmd->error_string = "n/a (unpacker error)";
+			cmd = cmd->next;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (run_receive_hook(pre_receive_hook)) {
+		while (cmd) {
+			cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
+			cmd = cmd->next;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	head_name = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+
+	while (cmd) {
+		cmd->error_string = update(cmd);
+		cmd = cmd->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void read_head_info(void)
+{
+	struct command **p = &commands;
+	for (;;) {
+		static char line[1000];
+		unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
+		struct command *cmd;
+		char *refname;
+		int len, reflen;
+
+		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (line[len-1] == '\n')
+			line[--len] = 0;
+		if (len < 83 ||
+		    line[40] != ' ' ||
+		    line[81] != ' ' ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(line, old_sha1) ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(line + 41, new_sha1))
+			die("protocol error: expected old/new/ref, got '%s'",
+			    line);
+
+		refname = line + 82;
+		reflen = strlen(refname);
+		if (reflen + 82 < len) {
+			if (strstr(refname + reflen + 1, "report-status"))
+				report_status = 1;
+		}
+		cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(struct command) + len - 80);
+		hashcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+		hashcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1);
+		memcpy(cmd->ref_name, line + 82, len - 81);
+		cmd->error_string = NULL;
+		cmd->next = NULL;
+		*p = cmd;
+		p = &cmd->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *parse_pack_header(struct pack_header *hdr)
+{
+	switch (read_pack_header(0, hdr)) {
+	case PH_ERROR_EOF:
+		return "eof before pack header was fully read";
+
+	case PH_ERROR_PACK_SIGNATURE:
+		return "protocol error (pack signature mismatch detected)";
+
+	case PH_ERROR_PROTOCOL:
+		return "protocol error (pack version unsupported)";
+
+	default:
+		return "unknown error in parse_pack_header";
+
+	case 0:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *pack_lockfile;
+
+static const char *unpack(void)
+{
+	struct pack_header hdr;
+	const char *hdr_err;
+	char hdr_arg[38];
+
+	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
+	if (hdr_err)
+		return hdr_err;
+	snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
+			"--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+			ntohl(hdr.hdr_version), ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries));
+
+	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit) {
+		int code, i = 0;
+		const char *unpacker[4];
+		unpacker[i++] = "unpack-objects";
+		if (receive_fsck_objects)
+			unpacker[i++] = "--strict";
+		unpacker[i++] = hdr_arg;
+		unpacker[i++] = NULL;
+		code = run_command_v_opt(unpacker, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		if (!code)
+			return NULL;
+		return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
+	} else {
+		const char *keeper[7];
+		int s, status, i = 0;
+		char keep_arg[256];
+		struct child_process ip;
+
+		s = sprintf(keep_arg, "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
+		if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
+			strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
+
+		keeper[i++] = "index-pack";
+		keeper[i++] = "--stdin";
+		if (receive_fsck_objects)
+			keeper[i++] = "--strict";
+		keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
+		keeper[i++] = hdr_arg;
+		keeper[i++] = keep_arg;
+		keeper[i++] = NULL;
+		memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
+		ip.argv = keeper;
+		ip.out = -1;
+		ip.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = start_command(&ip);
+		if (status) {
+			return "index-pack fork failed";
+		}
+		pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(ip.out);
+		close(ip.out);
+		status = finish_command(&ip);
+		if (!status) {
+			reprepare_packed_git();
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		return "index-pack abnormal exit";
+	}
+}
+
+static void report(const char *unpack_status)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	packet_write(1, "unpack %s\n",
+		     unpack_status ? unpack_status : "ok");
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!cmd->error_string)
+			packet_write(1, "ok %s\n",
+				     cmd->ref_name);
+		else
+			packet_write(1, "ng %s %s\n",
+				     cmd->ref_name, cmd->error_string);
+	}
+	packet_flush(1);
+}
+
+static int delete_only(struct command *cmd)
+{
+	while (cmd) {
+		if (!is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			return 0;
+		cmd = cmd->next;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int add_refs_from_alternate(struct alternate_object_database *e, void *unused)
+{
+	char *other;
+	size_t len;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct transport *transport;
+	const struct ref *extra;
+
+	e->name[-1] = '\0';
+	other = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(e->base));
+	e->name[-1] = '/';
+	len = strlen(other);
+
+	while (other[len-1] == '/')
+		other[--len] = '\0';
+	if (len < 8 || memcmp(other + len - 8, "/objects", 8))
+		return 0;
+	/* Is this a git repository with refs? */
+	memcpy(other + len - 8, "/refs", 6);
+	if (!is_directory(other))
+		return 0;
+	other[len - 8] = '\0';
+	remote = remote_get(other);
+	transport = transport_get(remote, other);
+	for (extra = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
+	     extra;
+	     extra = extra->next) {
+		add_extra_ref(".have", extra->old_sha1, 0);
+	}
+	transport_disconnect(transport);
+	free(other);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_alternate_refs(void)
+{
+	foreach_alt_odb(add_refs_from_alternate, NULL);
+}
+
+int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int advertise_refs = 0;
+	int stateless_rpc = 0;
+	int i;
+	char *dir = NULL;
+
+	argv++;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = *argv++;
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--advertise-refs")) {
+				advertise_refs = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
+				stateless_rpc = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			usage(receive_pack_usage);
+		}
+		if (dir)
+			usage(receive_pack_usage);
+		dir = xstrdup(arg);
+	}
+	if (!dir)
+		usage(receive_pack_usage);
+
+	setup_path();
+
+	if (!enter_repo(dir, 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		die("attempt to push into a shallow repository");
+
+	git_config(receive_pack_config, NULL);
+
+	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
+	else if (0 <= receive_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = receive_unpack_limit;
+
+	capabilities_to_send = (prefer_ofs_delta) ?
+		" report-status delete-refs ofs-delta " :
+		" report-status delete-refs ";
+
+	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
+		add_alternate_refs();
+		write_head_info();
+		clear_extra_refs();
+
+		/* EOF */
+		packet_flush(1);
+	}
+	if (advertise_refs)
+		return 0;
+
+	read_head_info();
+	if (commands) {
+		const char *unpack_status = NULL;
+
+		if (!delete_only(commands))
+			unpack_status = unpack();
+		execute_commands(unpack_status);
+		if (pack_lockfile)
+			unlink_or_warn(pack_lockfile);
+		if (report_status)
+			report(unpack_status);
+		run_receive_hook(post_receive_hook);
+		run_update_post_hook(commands);
+		if (auto_gc) {
+			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
+				"gc", "--auto", "--quiet", NULL,
+			};
+			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		}
+		if (auto_update_server_info)
+			update_server_info(0);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-reflog.c b/builtin-reflog.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7498210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-reflog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "reachable.h"
+
+/*
+ * reflog expire
+ */
+
+static const char reflog_expire_usage[] =
+"git reflog (show|expire) [--verbose] [--dry-run] [--stale-fix] [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--all] <refs>...";
+static const char reflog_delete_usage[] =
+"git reflog delete [--verbose] [--dry-run] [--rewrite] [--updateref] <refs>...";
+
+static unsigned long default_reflog_expire;
+static unsigned long default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
+
+struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb {
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	int dry_run;
+	int stalefix;
+	int rewrite;
+	int updateref;
+	int verbose;
+	unsigned long expire_total;
+	unsigned long expire_unreachable;
+	int recno;
+};
+
+struct expire_reflog_cb {
+	FILE *newlog;
+	const char *ref;
+	struct commit *ref_commit;
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd;
+	unsigned char last_kept_sha1[20];
+};
+
+struct collected_reflog {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char reflog[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+struct collect_reflog_cb {
+	struct collected_reflog **e;
+	int alloc;
+	int nr;
+};
+
+#define INCOMPLETE	(1u<<10)
+#define STUDYING	(1u<<11)
+#define REACHABLE	(1u<<12)
+
+static int tree_is_complete(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	int complete;
+	struct tree *tree;
+
+	tree = lookup_tree(sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		return 0;
+	if (tree->object.flags & SEEN)
+		return 1;
+	if (tree->object.flags & INCOMPLETE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!tree->buffer) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		void *data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!data) {
+			tree->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		tree->buffer = data;
+		tree->size = size;
+	}
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	complete = 1;
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		if (!has_sha1_file(entry.sha1) ||
+		    (S_ISDIR(entry.mode) && !tree_is_complete(entry.sha1))) {
+			tree->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
+			complete = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+
+	if (complete)
+		tree->object.flags |= SEEN;
+	return complete;
+}
+
+static int commit_is_complete(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct object_array study;
+	struct object_array found;
+	int is_incomplete = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	/* early return */
+	if (commit->object.flags & SEEN)
+		return 1;
+	if (commit->object.flags & INCOMPLETE)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * Find all commits that are reachable and are not marked as
+	 * SEEN.  Then make sure the trees and blobs contained are
+	 * complete.  After that, mark these commits also as SEEN.
+	 * If some of the objects that are needed to complete this
+	 * commit are missing, mark this commit as INCOMPLETE.
+	 */
+	memset(&study, 0, sizeof(study));
+	memset(&found, 0, sizeof(found));
+	add_object_array(&commit->object, NULL, &study);
+	add_object_array(&commit->object, NULL, &found);
+	commit->object.flags |= STUDYING;
+	while (study.nr) {
+		struct commit *c;
+		struct commit_list *parent;
+
+		c = (struct commit *)study.objects[--study.nr].item;
+		if (!c->object.parsed && !parse_object(c->object.sha1))
+			c->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
+
+		if (c->object.flags & INCOMPLETE) {
+			is_incomplete = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+		else if (c->object.flags & SEEN)
+			continue;
+		for (parent = c->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
+			struct commit *p = parent->item;
+			if (p->object.flags & STUDYING)
+				continue;
+			p->object.flags |= STUDYING;
+			add_object_array(&p->object, NULL, &study);
+			add_object_array(&p->object, NULL, &found);
+		}
+	}
+	if (!is_incomplete) {
+		/*
+		 * make sure all commits in "found" array have all the
+		 * necessary objects.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < found.nr; i++) {
+			struct commit *c =
+				(struct commit *)found.objects[i].item;
+			if (!tree_is_complete(c->tree->object.sha1)) {
+				is_incomplete = 1;
+				c->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!is_incomplete) {
+			/* mark all found commits as complete, iow SEEN */
+			for (i = 0; i < found.nr; i++)
+				found.objects[i].item->flags |= SEEN;
+		}
+	}
+	/* clear flags from the objects we traversed */
+	for (i = 0; i < found.nr; i++)
+		found.objects[i].item->flags &= ~STUDYING;
+	if (is_incomplete)
+		commit->object.flags |= INCOMPLETE;
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * If we come here, we have (1) traversed the ancestry chain
+		 * from the "commit" until we reach SEEN commits (which are
+		 * known to be complete), and (2) made sure that the commits
+		 * encountered during the above traversal refer to trees that
+		 * are complete.  Which means that we know *all* the commits
+		 * we have seen during this process are complete.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < found.nr; i++)
+			found.objects[i].item->flags |= SEEN;
+	}
+	/* free object arrays */
+	free(study.objects);
+	free(found.objects);
+	return !is_incomplete;
+}
+
+static int keep_entry(struct commit **it, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return 1;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure everything in this commit exists.
+	 *
+	 * We have walked all the objects reachable from the refs
+	 * and cache earlier.  The commits reachable by this commit
+	 * must meet SEEN commits -- and then we should mark them as
+	 * SEEN as well.
+	 */
+	if (!commit_is_complete(commit))
+		return 0;
+	*it = commit;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We may or may not have the commit yet - if not, look it
+	 * up using the supplied sha1.
+	 */
+	if (!commit) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+			return 0;
+
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+
+		/* Not a commit -- keep it */
+		if (!commit)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Reachable from the current ref?  Don't prune. */
+	if (commit->object.flags & REACHABLE)
+		return 0;
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit, &cb->ref_commit, 1))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We can't reach it - prune it. */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void mark_reachable(struct commit *commit, unsigned long expire_limit)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We need to compute whether the commit on either side of a reflog
+	 * entry is reachable from the tip of the ref for all entries.
+	 * Mark commits that are reachable from the tip down to the
+	 * time threshold first; we know a commit marked thusly is
+	 * reachable from the tip without running in_merge_bases()
+	 * at all.
+	 */
+	struct commit_list *pending = NULL;
+
+	commit_list_insert(commit, &pending);
+	while (pending) {
+		struct commit_list *entry = pending;
+		struct commit_list *parent;
+		pending = entry->next;
+		commit = entry->item;
+		free(entry);
+		if (commit->object.flags & REACHABLE)
+			continue;
+		if (parse_commit(commit))
+			continue;
+		commit->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
+		if (commit->date < expire_limit)
+			continue;
+		parent = commit->parents;
+		while (parent) {
+			commit = parent->item;
+			parent = parent->next;
+			if (commit->object.flags & REACHABLE)
+				continue;
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &pending);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct expire_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct commit *old, *new;
+
+	if (timestamp < cb->cmd->expire_total)
+		goto prune;
+
+	if (cb->cmd->rewrite)
+		osha1 = cb->last_kept_sha1;
+
+	old = new = NULL;
+	if (cb->cmd->stalefix &&
+	    (!keep_entry(&old, osha1) || !keep_entry(&new, nsha1)))
+		goto prune;
+
+	if (timestamp < cb->cmd->expire_unreachable) {
+		if (!cb->ref_commit)
+			goto prune;
+		if (unreachable(cb, old, osha1) || unreachable(cb, new, nsha1))
+			goto prune;
+	}
+
+	if (cb->cmd->recno && --(cb->cmd->recno) == 0)
+		goto prune;
+
+	if (cb->newlog) {
+		char sign = (tz < 0) ? '-' : '+';
+		int zone = (tz < 0) ? (-tz) : tz;
+		fprintf(cb->newlog, "%s %s %s %lu %c%04d\t%s",
+			sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1),
+			email, timestamp, sign, zone,
+			message);
+		hashcpy(cb->last_kept_sha1, nsha1);
+	}
+	if (cb->cmd->verbose)
+		printf("keep %s", message);
+	return 0;
+ prune:
+	if (!cb->newlog || cb->cmd->verbose)
+		printf("%sprune %s", cb->newlog ? "" : "would ", message);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd = cb_data;
+	struct expire_reflog_cb cb;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	char *log_file, *newlog_path = NULL;
+	int status = 0;
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+
+	/*
+	 * we take the lock for the ref itself to prevent it from
+	 * getting updated.
+	 */
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0);
+	if (!lock)
+		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", ref);
+	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", ref);
+	if (!file_exists(log_file))
+		goto finish;
+	if (!cmd->dry_run) {
+		newlog_path = git_pathdup("logs/%s.lock", ref);
+		cb.newlog = fopen(newlog_path, "w");
+	}
+
+	cb.ref_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	cb.ref = ref;
+	cb.cmd = cmd;
+	if (cb.ref_commit)
+		mark_reachable(cb.ref_commit, cmd->expire_total);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(ref, expire_reflog_ent, &cb);
+	if (cb.ref_commit)
+		clear_commit_marks(cb.ref_commit, REACHABLE);
+ finish:
+	if (cb.newlog) {
+		if (fclose(cb.newlog)) {
+			status |= error("%s: %s", strerror(errno),
+					newlog_path);
+			unlink(newlog_path);
+		} else if (cmd->updateref &&
+			(write_in_full(lock->lock_fd,
+				sha1_to_hex(cb.last_kept_sha1), 40) != 40 ||
+			 write_str_in_full(lock->lock_fd, "\n") != 1 ||
+			 close_ref(lock) < 0)) {
+			status |= error("Couldn't write %s",
+				lock->lk->filename);
+			unlink(newlog_path);
+		} else if (rename(newlog_path, log_file)) {
+			status |= error("cannot rename %s to %s",
+					newlog_path, log_file);
+			unlink(newlog_path);
+		} else if (cmd->updateref && commit_ref(lock)) {
+			status |= error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+		} else {
+			adjust_shared_perm(log_file);
+		}
+	}
+	free(newlog_path);
+	free(log_file);
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return status;
+}
+
+static int collect_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct collected_reflog *e;
+	struct collect_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	size_t namelen = strlen(ref);
+
+	e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e) + namelen + 1);
+	hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(e->reflog, ref, namelen + 1);
+	ALLOC_GROW(cb->e, cb->nr + 1, cb->alloc);
+	cb->e[cb->nr++] = e;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct reflog_expire_cfg {
+	struct reflog_expire_cfg *next;
+	unsigned long expire_total;
+	unsigned long expire_unreachable;
+	size_t len;
+	char pattern[FLEX_ARRAY];
+} *reflog_expire_cfg, **reflog_expire_cfg_tail;
+
+static struct reflog_expire_cfg *find_cfg_ent(const char *pattern, size_t len)
+{
+	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
+
+	if (!reflog_expire_cfg_tail)
+		reflog_expire_cfg_tail = &reflog_expire_cfg;
+
+	for (ent = reflog_expire_cfg; ent; ent = ent->next)
+		if (ent->len == len &&
+		    !memcmp(ent->pattern, pattern, len))
+			return ent;
+
+	ent = xcalloc(1, (sizeof(*ent) + len));
+	memcpy(ent->pattern, pattern, len);
+	ent->len = len;
+	*reflog_expire_cfg_tail = ent;
+	reflog_expire_cfg_tail = &(ent->next);
+	return ent;
+}
+
+static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned long *expire)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return config_error_nonbool(var);
+	if (!strcmp(value, "never") || !strcmp(value, "false")) {
+		*expire = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	*expire = approxidate(value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* expiry timer slot */
+#define EXPIRE_TOTAL   01
+#define EXPIRE_UNREACH 02
+
+static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *lastdot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	unsigned long expire;
+	int slot;
+	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
+
+	if (!lastdot || prefixcmp(var, "gc."))
+		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+
+	if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpire")) {
+		slot = EXPIRE_TOTAL;
+		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
+			return -1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpireunreachable")) {
+		slot = EXPIRE_UNREACH;
+		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
+			return -1;
+	} else
+		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+
+	if (lastdot == var + 2) {
+		switch (slot) {
+		case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
+			default_reflog_expire = expire;
+			break;
+		case EXPIRE_UNREACH:
+			default_reflog_expire_unreachable = expire;
+			break;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	ent = find_cfg_ent(var + 3, lastdot - (var+3));
+	if (!ent)
+		return -1;
+	switch (slot) {
+	case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
+		ent->expire_total = expire;
+		break;
+	case EXPIRE_UNREACH:
+		ent->expire_unreachable = expire;
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_reflog_expiry_param(struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb, int slot, const char *ref)
+{
+	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
+
+	if (slot == (EXPIRE_TOTAL|EXPIRE_UNREACH))
+		return; /* both given explicitly -- nothing to tweak */
+
+	for (ent = reflog_expire_cfg; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+		if (!fnmatch(ent->pattern, ref, 0)) {
+			if (!(slot & EXPIRE_TOTAL))
+				cb->expire_total = ent->expire_total;
+			if (!(slot & EXPIRE_UNREACH))
+				cb->expire_unreachable = ent->expire_unreachable;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If unconfigured, make stash never expire
+	 */
+	if (!strcmp(ref, "refs/stash")) {
+		if (!(slot & EXPIRE_TOTAL))
+			cb->expire_total = 0;
+		if (!(slot & EXPIRE_UNREACH))
+			cb->expire_unreachable = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Nothing matched -- use the default value */
+	if (!(slot & EXPIRE_TOTAL))
+		cb->expire_total = default_reflog_expire;
+	if (!(slot & EXPIRE_UNREACH))
+		cb->expire_unreachable = default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
+}
+
+static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cb;
+	unsigned long now = time(NULL);
+	int i, status, do_all;
+	int explicit_expiry = 0;
+
+	git_config(reflog_expire_config, NULL);
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	do_all = status = 0;
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+
+	if (!default_reflog_expire_unreachable)
+		default_reflog_expire_unreachable = now - 30 * 24 * 3600;
+	if (!default_reflog_expire)
+		default_reflog_expire = now - 90 * 24 * 3600;
+	cb.expire_total = default_reflog_expire;
+	cb.expire_unreachable = default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
+			cb.dry_run = 1;
+		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire=")) {
+			cb.expire_total = approxidate(arg + 9);
+			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_TOTAL;
+		}
+		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
+			cb.expire_unreachable = approxidate(arg + 21);
+			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_UNREACH;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--stale-fix"))
+			cb.stalefix = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rewrite"))
+			cb.rewrite = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--updateref"))
+			cb.updateref = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all"))
+			do_all = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
+			cb.verbose = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		else if (arg[0] == '-')
+			usage(reflog_expire_usage);
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We can trust the commits and objects reachable from refs
+	 * even in older repository.  We cannot trust what's reachable
+	 * from reflog if the repository was pruned with older git.
+	 */
+	if (cb.stalefix) {
+		init_revisions(&cb.revs, prefix);
+		if (cb.verbose)
+			printf("Marking reachable objects...");
+		mark_reachable_objects(&cb.revs, 0);
+		if (cb.verbose)
+			putchar('\n');
+	}
+
+	if (do_all) {
+		struct collect_reflog_cb collected;
+		int i;
+
+		memset(&collected, 0, sizeof(collected));
+		for_each_reflog(collect_reflog, &collected);
+		for (i = 0; i < collected.nr; i++) {
+			struct collected_reflog *e = collected.e[i];
+			set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb, explicit_expiry, e->reflog);
+			status |= expire_reflog(e->reflog, e->sha1, 0, &cb);
+			free(e);
+		}
+		free(collected.e);
+	}
+
+	for (; i < argc; i++) {
+		char *ref;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (!dwim_log(argv[i], strlen(argv[i]), sha1, &ref)) {
+			status |= error("%s points nowhere!", argv[i]);
+			continue;
+		}
+		set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb, explicit_expiry, ref);
+		status |= expire_reflog(ref, sha1, 0, &cb);
+	}
+	return status;
+}
+
+static int count_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	if (!cb->expire_total || timestamp < cb->expire_total)
+		cb->recno++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cb;
+	int i, status = 0;
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
+			cb.dry_run = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rewrite"))
+			cb.rewrite = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--updateref"))
+			cb.updateref = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
+			cb.verbose = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		else if (arg[0] == '-')
+			usage(reflog_delete_usage);
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (argc - i < 1)
+		return error("Nothing to delete?");
+
+	for ( ; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *spec = strstr(argv[i], "@{");
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char *ep, *ref;
+		int recno;
+
+		if (!spec) {
+			status |= error("Not a reflog: %s", argv[i]);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!dwim_log(argv[i], spec - argv[i], sha1, &ref)) {
+			status |= error("no reflog for '%s'", argv[i]);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		recno = strtoul(spec + 2, &ep, 10);
+		if (*ep == '}') {
+			cb.recno = -recno;
+			for_each_reflog_ent(ref, count_reflog_ent, &cb);
+		} else {
+			cb.expire_total = approxidate(spec + 2);
+			for_each_reflog_ent(ref, count_reflog_ent, &cb);
+			cb.expire_total = 0;
+		}
+
+		status |= expire_reflog(ref, sha1, 0, &cb);
+		free(ref);
+	}
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * main "reflog"
+ */
+
+static const char reflog_usage[] =
+"git reflog [ show | expire | delete ]";
+
+int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(reflog_usage);
+
+	/* With no command, we default to showing it. */
+	if (argc < 2 || *argv[1] == '-')
+		return cmd_log_reflog(argc, argv, prefix);
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "show"))
+		return cmd_log_reflog(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "expire"))
+		return cmd_reflog_expire(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "delete"))
+		return cmd_reflog_delete(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
+
+	/* Not a recognized reflog command..*/
+	usage(reflog_usage);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-remote.c b/builtin-remote.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..277765b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-remote.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1447 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_usage[] = {
+	"git remote [-v | --verbose]",
+	"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--mirror] <name> <url>",
+	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
+	"git remote rm <name>",
+	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)",
+	"git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>",
+	"git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>",
+	"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [group | remote]",
+	"git remote set-url <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
+	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
+	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_add_usage[] = {
+	"git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_rename_usage[] = {
+	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_rm_usage[] = {
+	"git remote rm <name>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_sethead_usage[] = {
+	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_show_usage[] = {
+	"git remote show [<options>] <name>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_prune_usage[] = {
+	"git remote prune [<options>] <name>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_update_usage[] = {
+	"git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const builtin_remote_seturl_usage[] = {
+	"git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
+	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
+	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+#define GET_REF_STATES (1<<0)
+#define GET_HEAD_NAMES (1<<1)
+#define GET_PUSH_REF_STATES (1<<2)
+
+static int verbose;
+
+static int show_all(void);
+static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run);
+
+static inline int postfixcmp(const char *string, const char *postfix)
+{
+	int len1 = strlen(string), len2 = strlen(postfix);
+	if (len1 < len2)
+		return 1;
+	return strcmp(string + len1 - len2, postfix);
+}
+
+static int opt_parse_track(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = opt->value;
+	if (not)
+		string_list_clear(list, 0);
+	else
+		string_list_append(arg, list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_remote(const char *name)
+{
+	const char *argv[] = { "fetch", name, NULL, NULL };
+	if (verbose) {
+		argv[1] = "-v";
+		argv[2] = name;
+	}
+	printf("Updating %s\n", name);
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error("Could not fetch %s", name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int fetch = 0, mirror = 0;
+	struct string_list track = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+	const char *master = NULL;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name, *url;
+	int i;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, "fetch the remote branches"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('t', "track", &track, "branch",
+			"branch(es) to track", opt_parse_track),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, "branch", "master branch"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &mirror, "no separate remotes"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_add_usage,
+			     0);
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_add_usage, options);
+
+	name = argv[0];
+	url = argv[1];
+
+	remote = remote_get(name);
+	if (remote && (remote->url_nr > 1 || strcmp(name, remote->url[0]) ||
+			remote->fetch_refspec_nr))
+		die("remote %s already exists.", name);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/heads/test:refs/remotes/%s/test", name);
+	if (!valid_fetch_refspec(buf2.buf))
+		die("'%s' is not a valid remote name", name);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", name);
+	if (git_config_set(buf.buf, url))
+		return 1;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", name);
+
+	if (track.nr == 0)
+		string_list_append("*", &track);
+	for (i = 0; i < track.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = track.items + i;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
+		strbuf_addch(&buf2, '+');
+		if (mirror)
+			strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/%s:refs/%s",
+					item->string, item->string);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/heads/%s:refs/remotes/%s/%s",
+					item->string, name, item->string);
+		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "^$", 0))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (mirror) {
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.mirror", name);
+		if (git_config_set(buf.buf, "true"))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (fetch && fetch_remote(name))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (master) {
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s/HEAD", name);
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/remotes/%s/%s", name, master);
+
+		if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "remote add"))
+			return error("Could not setup master '%s'", master);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf2);
+	string_list_clear(&track, 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct branch_info {
+	char *remote_name;
+	struct string_list merge;
+	int rebase;
+};
+
+static struct string_list branch_list;
+
+static const char *abbrev_ref(const char *name, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *abbrev = skip_prefix(name, prefix);
+	if (abbrev)
+		return abbrev;
+	return name;
+}
+#define abbrev_branch(name) abbrev_ref((name), "refs/heads/")
+
+static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.")) {
+		const char *orig_key = key;
+		char *name;
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		struct branch_info *info;
+		enum { REMOTE, MERGE, REBASE } type;
+
+		key += 7;
+		if (!postfixcmp(key, ".remote")) {
+			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 7);
+			type = REMOTE;
+		} else if (!postfixcmp(key, ".merge")) {
+			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 6);
+			type = MERGE;
+		} else if (!postfixcmp(key, ".rebase")) {
+			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 7);
+			type = REBASE;
+		} else
+			return 0;
+
+		item = string_list_insert(name, &branch_list);
+
+		if (!item->util)
+			item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct branch_info), 1);
+		info = item->util;
+		if (type == REMOTE) {
+			if (info->remote_name)
+				warning("more than one %s", orig_key);
+			info->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (type == MERGE) {
+			char *space = strchr(value, ' ');
+			value = abbrev_branch(value);
+			while (space) {
+				char *merge;
+				merge = xstrndup(value, space - value);
+				string_list_append(merge, &info->merge);
+				value = abbrev_branch(space + 1);
+				space = strchr(value, ' ');
+			}
+			string_list_append(xstrdup(value), &info->merge);
+		} else
+			info->rebase = git_config_bool(orig_key, value);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void read_branches(void)
+{
+	if (branch_list.nr)
+		return;
+	git_config(config_read_branches, NULL);
+}
+
+struct ref_states {
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct string_list new, stale, tracked, heads, push;
+	int queried;
+};
+
+static int get_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs, struct ref_states *states)
+{
+	struct ref *fetch_map = NULL, **tail = &fetch_map;
+	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < states->remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+		if (get_fetch_map(remote_refs, states->remote->fetch + i, &tail, 1))
+			die("Could not get fetch map for refspec %s",
+				states->remote->fetch_refspec[i]);
+
+	states->new.strdup_strings = 1;
+	states->tracked.strdup_strings = 1;
+	states->stale.strdup_strings = 1;
+	for (ref = fetch_map; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (!ref->peer_ref || read_ref(ref->peer_ref->name, sha1))
+			string_list_append(abbrev_branch(ref->name), &states->new);
+		else
+			string_list_append(abbrev_branch(ref->name), &states->tracked);
+	}
+	stale_refs = get_stale_heads(states->remote, fetch_map);
+	for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *item =
+			string_list_append(abbrev_branch(ref->name), &states->stale);
+		item->util = xstrdup(ref->name);
+	}
+	free_refs(stale_refs);
+	free_refs(fetch_map);
+
+	sort_string_list(&states->new);
+	sort_string_list(&states->tracked);
+	sort_string_list(&states->stale);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct push_info {
+	char *dest;
+	int forced;
+	enum {
+		PUSH_STATUS_CREATE = 0,
+		PUSH_STATUS_DELETE,
+		PUSH_STATUS_UPTODATE,
+		PUSH_STATUS_FASTFORWARD,
+		PUSH_STATUS_OUTOFDATE,
+		PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED,
+	} status;
+};
+
+static int get_push_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs,
+	struct ref_states *states)
+{
+	struct remote *remote = states->remote;
+	struct ref *ref, *local_refs, *push_map;
+	if (remote->mirror)
+		return 0;
+
+	local_refs = get_local_heads();
+	push_map = copy_ref_list(remote_refs);
+
+	match_refs(local_refs, &push_map, remote->push_refspec_nr,
+		   remote->push_refspec, MATCH_REFS_NONE);
+
+	states->push.strdup_strings = 1;
+	for (ref = push_map; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		struct push_info *info;
+
+		if (!ref->peer_ref)
+			continue;
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+
+		item = string_list_append(abbrev_branch(ref->peer_ref->name),
+					  &states->push);
+		item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		info = item->util;
+		info->forced = ref->force;
+		info->dest = xstrdup(abbrev_branch(ref->name));
+
+		if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1)) {
+			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_DELETE;
+		} else if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1))
+			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_UPTODATE;
+		else if (is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1))
+			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_CREATE;
+		else if (has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) &&
+			 ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_FASTFORWARD;
+		else
+			info->status = PUSH_STATUS_OUTOFDATE;
+	}
+	free_refs(local_refs);
+	free_refs(push_map);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_push_ref_states_noquery(struct ref_states *states)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct remote *remote = states->remote;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct push_info *info;
+
+	if (remote->mirror)
+		return 0;
+
+	states->push.strdup_strings = 1;
+	if (!remote->push_refspec_nr) {
+		item = string_list_append("(matching)", &states->push);
+		info = item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		info->status = PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED;
+		info->dest = xstrdup(item->string);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < remote->push_refspec_nr; i++) {
+		struct refspec *spec = remote->push + i;
+		if (spec->matching)
+			item = string_list_append("(matching)", &states->push);
+		else if (strlen(spec->src))
+			item = string_list_append(spec->src, &states->push);
+		else
+			item = string_list_append("(delete)", &states->push);
+
+		info = item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		info->forced = spec->force;
+		info->status = PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED;
+		info->dest = xstrdup(spec->dst ? spec->dst : item->string);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_head_names(const struct ref *remote_refs, struct ref_states *states)
+{
+	struct ref *ref, *matches;
+	struct ref *fetch_map = NULL, **fetch_map_tail = &fetch_map;
+	struct refspec refspec;
+
+	refspec.force = 0;
+	refspec.pattern = 1;
+	refspec.src = refspec.dst = "refs/heads/*";
+	states->heads.strdup_strings = 1;
+	get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, &fetch_map_tail, 0);
+	matches = guess_remote_head(find_ref_by_name(remote_refs, "HEAD"),
+				    fetch_map, 1);
+	for (ref = matches; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		string_list_append(abbrev_branch(ref->name), &states->heads);
+
+	free_refs(fetch_map);
+	free_refs(matches);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct known_remote {
+	struct known_remote *next;
+	struct remote *remote;
+};
+
+struct known_remotes {
+	struct remote *to_delete;
+	struct known_remote *list;
+};
+
+static int add_known_remote(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct known_remotes *all = cb_data;
+	struct known_remote *r;
+
+	if (!strcmp(all->to_delete->name, remote->name))
+		return 0;
+
+	r = xmalloc(sizeof(*r));
+	r->remote = remote;
+	r->next = all->list;
+	all->list = r;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct branches_for_remote {
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct string_list *branches, *skipped;
+	struct known_remotes *keep;
+};
+
+static int add_branch_for_removal(const char *refname,
+	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct branches_for_remote *branches = cb_data;
+	struct refspec refspec;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct known_remote *kr;
+
+	memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
+	refspec.dst = (char *)refname;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(branches->remote, &refspec))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* don't delete a branch if another remote also uses it */
+	for (kr = branches->keep->list; kr; kr = kr->next) {
+		memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
+		refspec.dst = (char *)refname;
+		if (!remote_find_tracking(kr->remote, &refspec))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* don't delete non-remote refs */
+	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes")) {
+		/* advise user how to delete local branches */
+		if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+			string_list_append(abbrev_branch(refname),
+					   branches->skipped);
+		/* silently skip over other non-remote refs */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* make sure that symrefs are deleted */
+	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return unlink(git_path("%s", refname));
+
+	item = string_list_append(refname, branches->branches);
+	item->util = xmalloc(20);
+	hashcpy(item->util, sha1);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct rename_info {
+	const char *old;
+	const char *new;
+	struct string_list *remote_branches;
+};
+
+static int read_remote_branches(const char *refname,
+	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct rename_info *rename = cb_data;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	int flag;
+	unsigned char orig_sha1[20];
+	const char *symref;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s", rename->old);
+	if (!prefixcmp(refname, buf.buf)) {
+		item = string_list_append(xstrdup(refname), rename->remote_branches);
+		symref = resolve_ref(refname, orig_sha1, 1, &flag);
+		if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+			item->util = xstrdup(symref);
+		else
+			item->util = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int migrate_file(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i;
+	char *path = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", remote->name);
+	for (i = 0; i < remote->url_nr; i++)
+		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->url[i], "^$", 0))
+			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
+					remote->url[i], buf.buf);
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.push", remote->name);
+	for (i = 0; i < remote->push_refspec_nr; i++)
+		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->push_refspec[i], "^$", 0))
+			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
+					remote->push_refspec[i], buf.buf);
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", remote->name);
+	for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->fetch_refspec[i], "^$", 0))
+			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
+					remote->fetch_refspec[i], buf.buf);
+	if (remote->origin == REMOTE_REMOTES)
+		path = git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name);
+	else if (remote->origin == REMOTE_BRANCHES)
+		path = git_path("branches/%s", remote->name);
+	if (path)
+		unlink_or_warn(path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	struct remote *oldremote, *newremote;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT, buf3 = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list remote_branches = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct rename_info rename;
+	int i;
+
+	if (argc != 3)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_rename_usage, options);
+
+	rename.old = argv[1];
+	rename.new = argv[2];
+	rename.remote_branches = &remote_branches;
+
+	oldremote = remote_get(rename.old);
+	if (!oldremote)
+		die("No such remote: %s", rename.old);
+
+	if (!strcmp(rename.old, rename.new) && oldremote->origin != REMOTE_CONFIG)
+		return migrate_file(oldremote);
+
+	newremote = remote_get(rename.new);
+	if (newremote && (newremote->url_nr > 1 || newremote->fetch_refspec_nr))
+		die("remote %s already exists.", rename.new);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/test:refs/remotes/%s/test", rename.new);
+	if (!valid_fetch_refspec(buf.buf))
+		die("'%s' is not a valid remote name", rename.new);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", rename.old);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote.%s", rename.new);
+	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, buf2.buf) < 1)
+		return error("Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'",
+				buf.buf, buf2.buf);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", rename.new);
+	if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1))
+		return error("Could not remove config section '%s'", buf.buf);
+	for (i = 0; i < oldremote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++) {
+		char *ptr;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf2, oldremote->fetch_refspec[i]);
+		ptr = strstr(buf2.buf, rename.old);
+		if (ptr)
+			strbuf_splice(&buf2, ptr-buf2.buf, strlen(rename.old),
+					rename.new, strlen(rename.new));
+		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "^$", 0))
+			return error("Could not append '%s'", buf.buf);
+	}
+
+	read_branches();
+	for (i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = branch_list.items + i;
+		struct branch_info *info = item->util;
+		if (info->remote_name && !strcmp(info->remote_name, rename.old)) {
+			strbuf_reset(&buf);
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", item->string);
+			if (git_config_set(buf.buf, rename.new)) {
+				return error("Could not set '%s'", buf.buf);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * First remove symrefs, then rename the rest, finally create
+	 * the new symrefs.
+	 */
+	for_each_ref(read_remote_branches, &rename);
+	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
+		int flag = 0;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		resolve_ref(item->string, sha1, 1, &flag);
+		if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
+			continue;
+		if (delete_ref(item->string, NULL, REF_NODEREF))
+			die("deleting '%s' failed", item->string);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
+
+		if (item->util)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, item->string);
+		strbuf_splice(&buf, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename.old),
+				rename.new, strlen(rename.new));
+		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
+				item->string, buf.buf);
+		if (rename_ref(item->string, buf.buf, buf2.buf))
+			die("renaming '%s' failed", item->string);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
+
+		if (!item->util)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, item->string);
+		strbuf_splice(&buf, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename.old),
+				rename.new, strlen(rename.new));
+		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf2, item->util);
+		strbuf_splice(&buf2, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename.old),
+				rename.new, strlen(rename.new));
+		strbuf_reset(&buf3);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf3, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
+				item->string, buf.buf);
+		if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, buf3.buf))
+			die("creating '%s' failed", buf.buf);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_branches(struct string_list *branches)
+{
+	int i, result = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < branches->nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = branches->items + i;
+		const char *refname = item->string;
+		unsigned char *sha1 = item->util;
+
+		if (delete_ref(refname, sha1, 0))
+			result |= error("Could not remove branch %s", refname);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct known_remotes known_remotes = { NULL, NULL };
+	struct string_list branches = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list skipped = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct branches_for_remote cb_data = {
+		NULL, &branches, &skipped, &known_remotes
+	};
+	int i, result;
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_rm_usage, options);
+
+	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
+	if (!remote)
+		die("No such remote: %s", argv[1]);
+
+	known_remotes.to_delete = remote;
+	for_each_remote(add_known_remote, &known_remotes);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", remote->name);
+	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 1)
+		return error("Could not remove config section '%s'", buf.buf);
+
+	read_branches();
+	for (i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = branch_list.items + i;
+		struct branch_info *info = item->util;
+		if (info->remote_name && !strcmp(info->remote_name, remote->name)) {
+			const char *keys[] = { "remote", "merge", NULL }, **k;
+			for (k = keys; *k; k++) {
+				strbuf_reset(&buf);
+				strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.%s",
+						item->string, *k);
+				if (git_config_set(buf.buf, NULL)) {
+					strbuf_release(&buf);
+					return -1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We cannot just pass a function to for_each_ref() which deletes
+	 * the branches one by one, since for_each_ref() relies on cached
+	 * refs, which are invalidated when deleting a branch.
+	 */
+	cb_data.remote = remote;
+	result = for_each_ref(add_branch_for_removal, &cb_data);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	if (!result)
+		result = remove_branches(&branches);
+	string_list_clear(&branches, 1);
+
+	if (skipped.nr) {
+		fprintf(stderr, skipped.nr == 1 ?
+			"Note: A non-remote branch was not removed; "
+			"to delete it, use:\n" :
+			"Note: Non-remote branches were not removed; "
+			"to delete them, use:\n");
+		for (i = 0; i < skipped.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "  git branch -d %s\n",
+				skipped.items[i].string);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&skipped, 0);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void clear_push_info(void *util, const char *string)
+{
+	struct push_info *info = util;
+	free(info->dest);
+	free(info);
+}
+
+static void free_remote_ref_states(struct ref_states *states)
+{
+	string_list_clear(&states->new, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&states->stale, 1);
+	string_list_clear(&states->tracked, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&states->heads, 0);
+	string_list_clear_func(&states->push, clear_push_info);
+}
+
+static int append_ref_to_tracked_list(const char *refname,
+	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_states *states = cb_data;
+	struct refspec refspec;
+
+	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
+	refspec.dst = (char *)refname;
+	if (!remote_find_tracking(states->remote, &refspec))
+		string_list_append(abbrev_branch(refspec.src), &states->tracked);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_remote_ref_states(const char *name,
+				 struct ref_states *states,
+				 int query)
+{
+	struct transport *transport;
+	const struct ref *remote_refs;
+
+	states->remote = remote_get(name);
+	if (!states->remote)
+		return error("No such remote: %s", name);
+
+	read_branches();
+
+	if (query) {
+		transport = transport_get(states->remote, states->remote->url_nr > 0 ?
+			states->remote->url[0] : NULL);
+		remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
+		transport_disconnect(transport);
+
+		states->queried = 1;
+		if (query & GET_REF_STATES)
+			get_ref_states(remote_refs, states);
+		if (query & GET_HEAD_NAMES)
+			get_head_names(remote_refs, states);
+		if (query & GET_PUSH_REF_STATES)
+			get_push_ref_states(remote_refs, states);
+	} else {
+		for_each_ref(append_ref_to_tracked_list, states);
+		sort_string_list(&states->tracked);
+		get_push_ref_states_noquery(states);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct show_info {
+	struct string_list *list;
+	struct ref_states *states;
+	int width, width2;
+	int any_rebase;
+};
+
+static int add_remote_to_show_info(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct show_info *info = cb_data;
+	int n = strlen(item->string);
+	if (n > info->width)
+		info->width = n;
+	string_list_insert(item->string, info->list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_remote_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct show_info *info = cb_data;
+	struct ref_states *states = info->states;
+	const char *name = item->string;
+
+	if (states->queried) {
+		const char *fmt = "%s";
+		const char *arg = "";
+		if (string_list_has_string(&states->new, name)) {
+			fmt = " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)";
+			arg = states->remote->name;
+		} else if (string_list_has_string(&states->tracked, name))
+			arg = " tracked";
+		else if (string_list_has_string(&states->stale, name))
+			arg = " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)";
+		else
+			arg = " ???";
+		printf("    %-*s", info->width, name);
+		printf(fmt, arg);
+		printf("\n");
+	} else
+		printf("    %s\n", name);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_local_to_show_info(struct string_list_item *branch_item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct show_info *show_info = cb_data;
+	struct ref_states *states = show_info->states;
+	struct branch_info *branch_info = branch_item->util;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	int n;
+
+	if (!branch_info->merge.nr || !branch_info->remote_name ||
+	    strcmp(states->remote->name, branch_info->remote_name))
+		return 0;
+	if ((n = strlen(branch_item->string)) > show_info->width)
+		show_info->width = n;
+	if (branch_info->rebase)
+		show_info->any_rebase = 1;
+
+	item = string_list_insert(branch_item->string, show_info->list);
+	item->util = branch_info;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_local_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct show_info *show_info = cb_data;
+	struct branch_info *branch_info = item->util;
+	struct string_list *merge = &branch_info->merge;
+	const char *also;
+	int i;
+
+	if (branch_info->rebase && branch_info->merge.nr > 1) {
+		error("invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch",
+			item->string);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	printf("    %-*s ", show_info->width, item->string);
+	if (branch_info->rebase) {
+		printf("rebases onto remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (show_info->any_rebase) {
+		printf(" merges with remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
+		also = "    and with remote";
+	} else {
+		printf("merges with remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
+		also = "   and with remote";
+	}
+	for (i = 1; i < merge->nr; i++)
+		printf("    %-*s %s %s\n", show_info->width, "", also,
+		       merge->items[i].string);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_push_to_show_info(struct string_list_item *push_item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct show_info *show_info = cb_data;
+	struct push_info *push_info = push_item->util;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	int n;
+	if ((n = strlen(push_item->string)) > show_info->width)
+		show_info->width = n;
+	if ((n = strlen(push_info->dest)) > show_info->width2)
+		show_info->width2 = n;
+	item = string_list_append(push_item->string, show_info->list);
+	item->util = push_item->util;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sorting comparison for a string list that has push_info
+ * structs in its util field
+ */
+static int cmp_string_with_push(const void *va, const void *vb)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *a = va;
+	const struct string_list_item *b = vb;
+	const struct push_info *a_push = a->util;
+	const struct push_info *b_push = b->util;
+	int cmp = strcmp(a->string, b->string);
+	return cmp ? cmp : strcmp(a_push->dest, b_push->dest);
+}
+
+static int show_push_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct show_info *show_info = cb_data;
+	struct push_info *push_info = item->util;
+	char *src = item->string, *status = NULL;
+
+	switch (push_info->status) {
+	case PUSH_STATUS_CREATE:
+		status = "create";
+		break;
+	case PUSH_STATUS_DELETE:
+		status = "delete";
+		src = "(none)";
+		break;
+	case PUSH_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		status = "up to date";
+		break;
+	case PUSH_STATUS_FASTFORWARD:
+		status = "fast-forwardable";
+		break;
+	case PUSH_STATUS_OUTOFDATE:
+		status = "local out of date";
+		break;
+	case PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED:
+		break;
+	}
+	if (status)
+		printf("    %-*s %s to %-*s (%s)\n", show_info->width, src,
+			push_info->forced ? "forces" : "pushes",
+			show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
+	else
+		printf("    %-*s %s to %s\n", show_info->width, src,
+			push_info->forced ? "forces" : "pushes",
+			push_info->dest);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int no_query = 0, result = 0, query_flag = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, "do not query remotes"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	struct ref_states states;
+	struct string_list info_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct show_info info;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_show_usage,
+			     0);
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		return show_all();
+
+	if (!no_query)
+		query_flag = (GET_REF_STATES | GET_HEAD_NAMES | GET_PUSH_REF_STATES);
+
+	memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.states = &states;
+	info.list = &info_list;
+	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
+		int i;
+		const char **url;
+		int url_nr;
+
+		get_remote_ref_states(*argv, &states, query_flag);
+
+		printf("* remote %s\n", *argv);
+		printf("  Fetch URL: %s\n", states.remote->url_nr > 0 ?
+			states.remote->url[0] : "(no URL)");
+		if (states.remote->pushurl_nr) {
+			url = states.remote->pushurl;
+			url_nr = states.remote->pushurl_nr;
+		} else {
+			url = states.remote->url;
+			url_nr = states.remote->url_nr;
+		}
+		for (i=0; i < url_nr; i++)
+			printf("  Push  URL: %s\n", url[i]);
+		if (!i)
+			printf("  Push  URL: %s\n", "(no URL)");
+		if (no_query)
+			printf("  HEAD branch: (not queried)\n");
+		else if (!states.heads.nr)
+			printf("  HEAD branch: (unknown)\n");
+		else if (states.heads.nr == 1)
+			printf("  HEAD branch: %s\n", states.heads.items[0].string);
+		else {
+			printf("  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous,"
+			       " may be one of the following):\n");
+			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
+				printf("    %s\n", states.heads.items[i].string);
+		}
+
+		/* remote branch info */
+		info.width = 0;
+		for_each_string_list(add_remote_to_show_info, &states.new, &info);
+		for_each_string_list(add_remote_to_show_info, &states.tracked, &info);
+		for_each_string_list(add_remote_to_show_info, &states.stale, &info);
+		if (info.list->nr)
+			printf("  Remote branch%s:%s\n",
+			       info.list->nr > 1 ? "es" : "",
+				no_query ? " (status not queried)" : "");
+		for_each_string_list(show_remote_info_item, info.list, &info);
+		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
+
+		/* git pull info */
+		info.width = 0;
+		info.any_rebase = 0;
+		for_each_string_list(add_local_to_show_info, &branch_list, &info);
+		if (info.list->nr)
+			printf("  Local branch%s configured for 'git pull':\n",
+			       info.list->nr > 1 ? "es" : "");
+		for_each_string_list(show_local_info_item, info.list, &info);
+		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
+
+		/* git push info */
+		if (states.remote->mirror)
+			printf("  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'\n");
+
+		info.width = info.width2 = 0;
+		for_each_string_list(add_push_to_show_info, &states.push, &info);
+		qsort(info.list->items, info.list->nr,
+			sizeof(*info.list->items), cmp_string_with_push);
+		if (info.list->nr)
+			printf("  Local ref%s configured for 'git push'%s:\n",
+				info.list->nr > 1 ? "s" : "",
+				no_query ? " (status not queried)" : "");
+		for_each_string_list(show_push_info_item, info.list, &info);
+		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
+
+		free_remote_ref_states(&states);
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i, opt_a = 0, opt_d = 0, result = 0;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *head_name = NULL;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "auto", &opt_a,
+			    "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &opt_d,
+			    "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_sethead_usage,
+			     0);
+	if (argc)
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s/HEAD", argv[0]);
+
+	if (!opt_a && !opt_d && argc == 2) {
+		head_name = xstrdup(argv[1]);
+	} else if (opt_a && !opt_d && argc == 1) {
+		struct ref_states states;
+		memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
+		get_remote_ref_states(argv[0], &states, GET_HEAD_NAMES);
+		if (!states.heads.nr)
+			result |= error("Cannot determine remote HEAD");
+		else if (states.heads.nr > 1) {
+			result |= error("Multiple remote HEAD branches. "
+					"Please choose one explicitly with:");
+			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr, "  git remote set-head %s %s\n",
+					argv[0], states.heads.items[i].string);
+		} else
+			head_name = xstrdup(states.heads.items[0].string);
+		free_remote_ref_states(&states);
+	} else if (opt_d && !opt_a && argc == 1) {
+		if (delete_ref(buf.buf, NULL, REF_NODEREF))
+			result |= error("Could not delete %s", buf.buf);
+	} else
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_sethead_usage, options);
+
+	if (head_name) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/remotes/%s/%s", argv[0], head_name);
+		/* make sure it's valid */
+		if (!resolve_ref(buf2.buf, sha1, 1, NULL))
+			result |= error("Not a valid ref: %s", buf2.buf);
+		else if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "remote set-head"))
+			result |= error("Could not setup %s", buf.buf);
+		if (opt_a)
+			printf("%s/HEAD set to %s\n", argv[0], head_name);
+		free(head_name);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf2);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int prune(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int dry_run = 0, result = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_prune_usage,
+			     0);
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_prune_usage, options);
+
+	for (; argc; argc--, argv++)
+		result |= prune_remote(*argv, dry_run);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run)
+{
+	int result = 0, i;
+	struct ref_states states;
+	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
+		? " %s will become dangling!\n"
+		: " %s has become dangling!\n";
+
+	memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
+	get_remote_ref_states(remote, &states, GET_REF_STATES);
+
+	if (states.stale.nr) {
+		printf("Pruning %s\n", remote);
+		printf("URL: %s\n",
+		       states.remote->url_nr
+		       ? states.remote->url[0]
+		       : "(no URL)");
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < states.stale.nr; i++) {
+		const char *refname = states.stale.items[i].util;
+
+		if (!dry_run)
+			result |= delete_ref(refname, NULL, 0);
+
+		printf(" * [%s] %s\n", dry_run ? "would prune" : "pruned",
+		       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
+		warn_dangling_symref(stdout, dangling_msg, refname);
+	}
+
+	free_remote_ref_states(&states);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int get_remote_default(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
+{
+	if (strcmp(key, "remotes.default") == 0) {
+		int *found = priv;
+		*found = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int update(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i, prune = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
+			    "prune remotes after fetching"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	const char **fetch_argv;
+	int fetch_argc = 0;
+	int default_defined = 0;
+
+	fetch_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc+5));
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_update_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+
+	fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "fetch";
+
+	if (prune)
+		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "--prune";
+	if (verbose)
+		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "-v";
+	fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "--multiple";
+	if (argc < 2)
+		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "default";
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = argv[i];
+
+	if (strcmp(fetch_argv[fetch_argc-1], "default") == 0) {
+		git_config(get_remote_default, &default_defined);
+		if (!default_defined)
+			fetch_argv[fetch_argc-1] = "--all";
+	}
+
+	fetch_argv[fetch_argc] = NULL;
+
+	return run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+}
+
+static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i, push_mode = 0, add_mode = 0, delete_mode = 0;
+	int matches = 0, negative_matches = 0;
+	const char *remotename = NULL;
+	const char *newurl = NULL;
+	const char *oldurl = NULL;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	regex_t old_regex;
+	const char **urlset;
+	int urlset_nr;
+	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "push", &push_mode,
+			    "manipulate push URLs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode,
+			    "add URL"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
+			    "delete URLs"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_update_usage,
+			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+
+	if (add_mode && delete_mode)
+		die("--add --delete doesn't make sense");
+
+	if (argc < 3 || argc > 4 || ((add_mode || delete_mode) && argc != 3))
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_seturl_usage, options);
+
+	remotename = argv[1];
+	newurl = argv[2];
+	if (argc > 3)
+		oldurl = argv[3];
+
+	if (delete_mode)
+		oldurl = newurl;
+
+	if (!remote_is_configured(remotename))
+		die("No such remote '%s'", remotename);
+	remote = remote_get(remotename);
+
+	if (push_mode) {
+		strbuf_addf(&name_buf, "remote.%s.pushurl", remotename);
+		urlset = remote->pushurl;
+		urlset_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&name_buf, "remote.%s.url", remotename);
+		urlset = remote->url;
+		urlset_nr = remote->url_nr;
+	}
+
+	/* Special cases that add new entry. */
+	if ((!oldurl && !delete_mode) || add_mode) {
+		if (add_mode)
+			git_config_set_multivar(name_buf.buf, newurl,
+				"^$", 0);
+		else
+			git_config_set(name_buf.buf, newurl);
+		strbuf_release(&name_buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Old URL specified. Demand that one matches. */
+	if (regcomp(&old_regex, oldurl, REG_EXTENDED))
+		die("Invalid old URL pattern: %s", oldurl);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < urlset_nr; i++)
+		if (!regexec(&old_regex, urlset[i], 0, NULL, 0))
+			matches++;
+		else
+			negative_matches++;
+	if (!delete_mode && !matches)
+		die("No such URL found: %s", oldurl);
+	if (delete_mode && !negative_matches && !push_mode)
+		die("Will not delete all non-push URLs");
+
+	regfree(&old_regex);
+
+	if (!delete_mode)
+		git_config_set_multivar(name_buf.buf, newurl, oldurl, 0);
+	else
+		git_config_set_multivar(name_buf.buf, NULL, oldurl, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = priv;
+	struct strbuf url_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char **url;
+	int i, url_nr;
+
+	if (remote->url_nr > 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (fetch)", remote->url[0]);
+		string_list_append(remote->name, list)->util =
+				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
+	} else
+		string_list_append(remote->name, list)->util = NULL;
+	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
+		url = remote->pushurl;
+		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
+	} else {
+		url = remote->url;
+		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
+	{
+		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (push)", url[i]);
+		string_list_append(remote->name, list)->util =
+				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_all(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+	int result;
+
+	list.strdup_strings = 1;
+	result = for_each_remote(get_one_entry, &list);
+
+	if (!result) {
+		int i;
+
+		sort_string_list(&list);
+		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+			struct string_list_item *item = list.items + i;
+			if (verbose)
+				printf("%s\t%s\n", item->string,
+					item->util ? (const char *)item->util : "");
+			else {
+				if (i && !strcmp((item - 1)->string, item->string))
+					continue;
+				printf("%s\n", item->string);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
+	return result;
+}
+
+int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	int result;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_remote_usage,
+		PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		result = show_all();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "add"))
+		result = add(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rename"))
+		result = mv(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm"))
+		result = rm(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-head"))
+		result = set_head(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-url"))
+		result = set_url(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "show"))
+		result = show(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "prune"))
+		result = prune(argc, argv);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "update"))
+		result = update(argc, argv);
+	else {
+		error("Unknown subcommand: %s", argv[0]);
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	return result ? 1 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-replace.c b/builtin-replace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe3a647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-replace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git replace"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
+ *
+ * Based on builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com> that was itself based on
+ * git-tag.sh and mktag.c by Linus Torvalds.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const git_replace_usage[] = {
+	"git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>",
+	"git replace -d <object>...",
+	"git replace -l [<pattern>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char *pattern = cb_data;
+
+	if (!fnmatch(pattern, refname, 0))
+		printf("%s\n", refname);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_replace_refs(const char *pattern)
+{
+	if (pattern == NULL)
+		pattern = "*";
+
+	for_each_replace_ref(show_reference, (void *) pattern);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+typedef int (*each_replace_name_fn)(const char *name, const char *ref,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, each_replace_name_fn fn)
+{
+	const char **p;
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+	int had_error = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
+		if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", *p)
+					>= sizeof(ref)) {
+			error("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, *p);
+			had_error = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL)) {
+			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", *p);
+			had_error = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (fn(*p, ref, sha1))
+			had_error = 1;
+	}
+	return had_error;
+}
+
+static int delete_replace_ref(const char *name, const char *ref,
+			      const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (delete_ref(ref, sha1, 0))
+		return 1;
+	printf("Deleted replace ref '%s'\n", name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
+			  int force)
+{
+	unsigned char object[20], prev[20], repl[20];
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+
+	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", object_ref);
+	if (get_sha1(replace_ref, repl))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", replace_ref);
+
+	if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref),
+		     "refs/replace/%s",
+		     sha1_to_hex(object)) > sizeof(ref) - 1)
+		die("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, ref);
+	if (check_ref_format(ref))
+		die("'%s' is not a valid ref name.", ref);
+
+	if (!resolve_ref(ref, prev, 1, NULL))
+		hashclr(prev);
+	else if (!force)
+		die("replace ref '%s' already exists", ref);
+
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0);
+	if (!lock)
+		die("%s: cannot lock the ref", ref);
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, repl, NULL) < 0)
+		die("%s: cannot update the ref", ref);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_replace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int list = 0, delete = 0, force = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, "list replace refs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "delete replace refs"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, "replace the ref if it exists"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_replace_usage, 0);
+
+	if (list && delete)
+		usage_msg_opt("-l and -d cannot be used together",
+			      git_replace_usage, options);
+
+	if (force && (list || delete))
+		usage_msg_opt("-f cannot be used with -d or -l",
+			      git_replace_usage, options);
+
+	/* Delete refs */
+	if (delete) {
+		if (argc < 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("-d needs at least one argument",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return for_each_replace_name(argv, delete_replace_ref);
+	}
+
+	/* Replace object */
+	if (!list && argc) {
+		if (argc != 2)
+			usage_msg_opt("bad number of arguments",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return replace_object(argv[0], argv[1], force);
+	}
+
+	/* List refs, even if "list" is not set */
+	if (argc > 1)
+		usage_msg_opt("only one pattern can be given with -l",
+			      git_replace_usage, options);
+	if (force)
+		usage_msg_opt("-f needs some arguments",
+			      git_replace_usage, options);
+
+	return list_replace_refs(argv[0]);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-rerere.c b/builtin-rerere.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34f9ace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-rerere.c
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+
+static const char git_rerere_usage[] =
+"git rerere [clear | status | diff | gc]";
+
+/* these values are days */
+static int cutoff_noresolve = 15;
+static int cutoff_resolve = 60;
+
+static time_t rerere_created_at(const char *name)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	return stat(rerere_path(name, "preimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
+}
+
+static void unlink_rr_item(const char *name)
+{
+	unlink(rerere_path(name, "thisimage"));
+	unlink(rerere_path(name, "preimage"));
+	unlink(rerere_path(name, "postimage"));
+	rmdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", name));
+}
+
+static int git_rerere_gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.rerereresolved"))
+		cutoff_resolve = git_config_int(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "gc.rerereunresolved"))
+		cutoff_noresolve = git_config_int(var, value);
+	else
+		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void garbage_collect(struct string_list *rr)
+{
+	struct string_list to_remove = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int i, cutoff;
+	time_t now = time(NULL), then;
+
+	git_config(git_rerere_gc_config, NULL);
+	dir = opendir(git_path("rr-cache"));
+	if (!dir)
+		die_errno("unable to open rr-cache directory");
+	while ((e = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+		then = rerere_created_at(e->d_name);
+		if (!then)
+			continue;
+		cutoff = (has_rerere_resolution(e->d_name)
+			  ? cutoff_resolve : cutoff_noresolve);
+		if (then < now - cutoff * 86400)
+			string_list_append(e->d_name, &to_remove);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < to_remove.nr; i++)
+		unlink_rr_item(to_remove.items[i].string);
+	string_list_clear(&to_remove, 0);
+}
+
+static int outf(void *dummy, mmbuffer_t *ptr, int nbuf)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++)
+		if (write_in_full(1, ptr[i].ptr, ptr[i].size) != ptr[i].size)
+			return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int diff_two(const char *file1, const char *label1,
+		const char *file2, const char *label2)
+{
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+	mmfile_t minus, plus;
+
+	if (read_mmfile(&minus, file1) || read_mmfile(&plus, file2))
+		return 1;
+
+	printf("--- a/%s\n+++ b/%s\n", label1, label2);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
+	ecb.outf = outf;
+	xdi_diff(&minus, &plus, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+
+	free(minus.ptr);
+	free(plus.ptr);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct string_list merge_rr = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	int i, fd, flags = 0;
+
+	if (2 < argc) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+			usage(git_rerere_usage);
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--rerere-autoupdate"))
+			flags = RERERE_AUTOUPDATE;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--no-rerere-autoupdate"))
+			flags = RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE;
+		if (flags) {
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+		}
+	}
+	if (argc < 2)
+		return rerere(flags);
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "forget")) {
+		const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 2);
+		return rerere_forget(pathspec);
+	}
+
+	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "clear")) {
+		for (i = 0; i < merge_rr.nr; i++) {
+			const char *name = (const char *)merge_rr.items[i].util;
+			if (!has_rerere_resolution(name))
+				unlink_rr_item(name);
+		}
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("rr-cache/MERGE_RR"));
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "gc"))
+		garbage_collect(&merge_rr);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "status"))
+		for (i = 0; i < merge_rr.nr; i++)
+			printf("%s\n", merge_rr.items[i].string);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "diff"))
+		for (i = 0; i < merge_rr.nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = merge_rr.items[i].string;
+			const char *name = (const char *)merge_rr.items[i].util;
+			diff_two(rerere_path(name, "preimage"), path, path, path);
+		}
+	else
+		usage(git_rerere_usage);
+
+	string_list_clear(&merge_rr, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-reset.c b/builtin-reset.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5022e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-reset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+/*
+ * "git reset" builtin command
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Carlos Rica
+ *
+ * Based on git-reset.sh, which is
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Linus Torvalds and Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+
+static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
+	"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge] [-q] [<commit>]",
+	"git reset [--mixed] <commit> [--] <paths>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+enum reset_type { MIXED, SOFT, HARD, MERGE, NONE };
+static const char *reset_type_names[] = { "mixed", "soft", "hard", "merge", NULL };
+
+static char *args_to_str(const char **argv)
+{
+	char *buf = NULL;
+	unsigned long len, space = 0, nr = 0;
+
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		len = strlen(*argv);
+		ALLOC_GROW(buf, nr + 1 + len, space);
+		if (nr)
+			buf[nr++] = ' ';
+		memcpy(buf + nr, *argv, len);
+		nr += len;
+	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(buf, nr + 1, space);
+	buf[nr] = '\0';
+
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static inline int is_merge(void)
+{
+	return !access(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), F_OK);
+}
+
+static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
+{
+	int nr = 1;
+	int newfd;
+	struct tree_desc desc[2];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	if (!quiet)
+		opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	switch (reset_type) {
+	case MERGE:
+		opts.update = 1;
+		break;
+	case HARD:
+		opts.update = 1;
+		/* fallthrough */
+	default:
+		opts.reset = 1;
+	}
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+
+	read_cache_unmerged();
+
+	if (!fill_tree_descriptor(desc + nr - 1, sha1))
+		return error("Failed to find tree of %s.", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (unpack_trees(nr, desc, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	    commit_locked_index(lock))
+		return error("Could not write new index file.");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *hex, *body;
+
+	hex = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	printf("HEAD is now at %s", hex);
+	body = strstr(commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+	if (body) {
+		const char *eol;
+		size_t len;
+		body += 2;
+		eol = strchr(body, '\n');
+		len = eol ? eol - body : strlen(body);
+		printf(" %.*s\n", (int) len, body);
+	}
+	else
+		printf("\n");
+}
+
+static int update_index_refresh(int fd, struct lock_file *index_lock, int flags)
+{
+	int result;
+
+	if (!index_lock) {
+		index_lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+		fd = hold_locked_index(index_lock, 1);
+	}
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		return error("Could not read index");
+
+	result = refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL,
+			       "Unstaged changes after reset:") ? 1 : 0;
+	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+			commit_locked_index(index_lock))
+		return error ("Could not refresh index");
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+		struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
+{
+	int i;
+	int *discard_flag = data;
+
+	/* do_diff_cache() mangled the index */
+	discard_cache();
+	*discard_flag = 1;
+	read_cache();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filespec *one = q->queue[i]->one;
+		if (one->mode) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce;
+			ce = make_cache_entry(one->mode, one->sha1, one->path,
+				0, 0);
+			if (!ce)
+				die("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'",
+				    one->path);
+			add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD |
+				ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+		} else
+			remove_file_from_cache(one->path);
+	}
+}
+
+static int interactive_reset(const char *revision, const char **argv,
+			     const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+
+	if (*argv)
+		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+
+	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=reset", pathspec);
+}
+
+static int read_from_tree(const char *prefix, const char **argv,
+		unsigned char *tree_sha1, int refresh_flags)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	int index_fd, index_was_discarded = 0;
+	struct diff_options opt;
+
+	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(get_pathspec(prefix, (const char **)argv), &opt);
+	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+	opt.format_callback = update_index_from_diff;
+	opt.format_callback_data = &index_was_discarded;
+
+	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	index_was_discarded = 0;
+	read_cache();
+	if (do_diff_cache(tree_sha1, &opt))
+		return 1;
+	diffcore_std(&opt);
+	diff_flush(&opt);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+
+	if (!index_was_discarded)
+		/* The index is still clobbered from do_diff_cache() */
+		discard_cache();
+	return update_index_refresh(index_fd, lock, refresh_flags);
+}
+
+static void prepend_reflog_action(const char *action, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	const char *sep = ": ";
+	const char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	if (!rla)
+		rla = sep = "";
+	if (snprintf(buf, size, "%s%s%s", rla, sep, action) >= size)
+		warning("Reflog action message too long: %.*s...", 50, buf);
+}
+
+int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i = 0, reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int patch_mode = 0;
+	const char *rev = "HEAD";
+	unsigned char sha1[20], *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
+				*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
+	struct commit *commit;
+	char *reflog_action, msg[1024];
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
+						"reset HEAD and index", MIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, "reset only HEAD", SOFT),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "hard", &reset_type,
+				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", HARD),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "merge", &reset_type,
+				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", MERGE),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
+						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	reflog_action = args_to_str(argv);
+	setenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION", reflog_action, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Possible arguments are:
+	 *
+	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> <paths>...
+	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> -- <paths>...
+	 * git reset [-opts] -- <paths>...
+	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
+	 *
+	 * At this point, argv[i] points immediately after [-opts].
+	 */
+
+	if (i < argc) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			i++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
+		} else if (i + 1 < argc && !strcmp(argv[i+1], "--")) {
+			rev = argv[i];
+			i += 2;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, argv[i] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
+		 * has to be unambiguous.
+		 */
+		else if (!get_sha1(argv[i], sha1)) {
+			/*
+			 * Ok, argv[i] looks like a rev; it should not
+			 * be a filename.
+			 */
+			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
+			rev = argv[i++];
+		} else {
+			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (get_sha1(rev, sha1))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", rev);
+
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		die("Could not parse object '%s'.", rev);
+	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+
+	if (patch_mode) {
+		if (reset_type != NONE)
+			die("--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}");
+		return interactive_reset(rev, argv + i, prefix);
+	}
+
+	/* git reset tree [--] paths... can be used to
+	 * load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
+	 * affecting the working tree nor HEAD. */
+	if (i < argc) {
+		if (reset_type == MIXED)
+			warning("--mixed option is deprecated with paths.");
+		else if (reset_type != NONE)
+			die("Cannot do %s reset with paths.",
+					reset_type_names[reset_type]);
+		return read_from_tree(prefix, argv + i, sha1,
+				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
+	}
+	if (reset_type == NONE)
+		reset_type = MIXED; /* by default */
+
+	if (reset_type == HARD || reset_type == MERGE)
+		setup_work_tree();
+
+	if (reset_type == MIXED && is_bare_repository())
+		die("%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository",
+		    reset_type_names[reset_type]);
+
+	/* Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
+	 * at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
+	 * the index file to the tree object we are switching to. */
+	if (reset_type == SOFT) {
+		if (is_merge() || read_cache() < 0 || unmerged_cache())
+			die("Cannot do a soft reset in the middle of a merge.");
+	}
+	else if (reset_index_file(sha1, reset_type, quiet))
+		die("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'.", rev);
+
+	/* Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to,
+	 * saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
+	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
+		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
+		orig = sha1_orig;
+		prepend_reflog_action("updating ORIG_HEAD", msg, sizeof(msg));
+		update_ref(msg, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	}
+	else if (old_orig)
+		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
+	prepend_reflog_action("updating HEAD", msg, sizeof(msg));
+	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+
+	switch (reset_type) {
+	case HARD:
+		if (!update_ref_status && !quiet)
+			print_new_head_line(commit);
+		break;
+	case SOFT: /* Nothing else to do. */
+		break;
+	case MIXED: /* Report what has not been updated. */
+		update_index_refresh(0, NULL,
+				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	remove_branch_state();
+
+	free(reflog_action);
+
+	return update_ref_status;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-rev-list.c b/builtin-rev-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c924b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-rev-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "bisect.h"
+
+static const char rev_list_usage[] =
+"git rev-list [OPTION] <commit-id>... [ -- paths... ]\n"
+"  limiting output:\n"
+"    --max-count=nr\n"
+"    --max-age=epoch\n"
+"    --min-age=epoch\n"
+"    --sparse\n"
+"    --no-merges\n"
+"    --remove-empty\n"
+"    --all\n"
+"    --branches\n"
+"    --tags\n"
+"    --remotes\n"
+"    --stdin\n"
+"    --quiet\n"
+"  ordering output:\n"
+"    --topo-order\n"
+"    --date-order\n"
+"    --reverse\n"
+"  formatting output:\n"
+"    --parents\n"
+"    --children\n"
+"    --objects | --objects-edge\n"
+"    --unpacked\n"
+"    --header | --pretty\n"
+"    --abbrev=nr | --no-abbrev\n"
+"    --abbrev-commit\n"
+"    --left-right\n"
+"  special purpose:\n"
+"    --bisect\n"
+"    --bisect-vars\n"
+"    --bisect-all"
+;
+
+static void finish_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data);
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	struct rev_list_info *info = data;
+	struct rev_info *revs = info->revs;
+
+	graph_show_commit(revs->graph);
+
+	if (info->show_timestamp)
+		printf("%lu ", commit->date);
+	if (info->header_prefix)
+		fputs(info->header_prefix, stdout);
+
+	if (!revs->graph) {
+		if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
+			putchar('-');
+		else if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			putchar('^');
+		else if (revs->left_right) {
+			if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+				putchar('<');
+			else
+				putchar('>');
+		}
+	}
+	if (revs->abbrev_commit && revs->abbrev)
+		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, revs->abbrev),
+		      stdout);
+	else
+		fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), stdout);
+	if (revs->print_parents) {
+		struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
+		while (parents) {
+			printf(" %s", sha1_to_hex(parents->item->object.sha1));
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+	if (revs->children.name) {
+		struct commit_list *children;
+
+		children = lookup_decoration(&revs->children, &commit->object);
+		while (children) {
+			printf(" %s", sha1_to_hex(children->item->object.sha1));
+			children = children->next;
+		}
+	}
+	show_decorations(revs, commit);
+	if (revs->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+		putchar(' ');
+	else
+		putchar('\n');
+
+	if (revs->verbose_header && commit->buffer) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		ctx.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
+		ctx.date_mode = revs->date_mode;
+		pretty_print_commit(revs->commit_format, commit, &buf, &ctx);
+		if (revs->graph) {
+			if (buf.len) {
+				if (revs->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+					graph_show_oneline(revs->graph);
+
+				graph_show_commit_msg(revs->graph, &buf);
+
+				/*
+				 * Add a newline after the commit message.
+				 *
+				 * Usually, this newline produces a blank
+				 * padding line between entries, in which case
+				 * we need to add graph padding on this line.
+				 *
+				 * However, the commit message may not end in a
+				 * newline.  In this case the newline simply
+				 * ends the last line of the commit message,
+				 * and we don't need any graph output.  (This
+				 * always happens with CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, and it
+				 * happens with CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT when the
+				 * format doesn't explicitly end in a newline.)
+				 */
+				if (buf.len && buf.buf[buf.len - 1] == '\n')
+					graph_show_padding(revs->graph);
+				putchar('\n');
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * If the message buffer is empty, just show
+				 * the rest of the graph output for this
+				 * commit.
+				 */
+				if (graph_show_remainder(revs->graph))
+					putchar('\n');
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (buf.len)
+				printf("%s%c", buf.buf, info->hdr_termination);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	} else {
+		if (graph_show_remainder(revs->graph))
+			putchar('\n');
+	}
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+	finish_commit(commit, data);
+}
+
+static void finish_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	if (commit->parents) {
+		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
+		commit->parents = NULL;
+	}
+	free(commit->buffer);
+	commit->buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+static void finish_object(struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *name)
+{
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1))
+		die("missing blob object '%s'", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
+{
+	char *name = path_name(path, component);
+	/* An object with name "foo\n0000000..." can be used to
+	 * confuse downstream "git pack-objects" very badly.
+	 */
+	const char *ep = strchr(name, '\n');
+
+	finish_object(obj, path, name);
+	if (ep) {
+		printf("%s %.*s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1),
+		       (int) (ep - name),
+		       name);
+	}
+	else
+		printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	free(name);
+}
+
+static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	printf("-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+}
+
+static inline int log2i(int n)
+{
+	int log2 = 0;
+
+	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
+		log2++;
+
+	return log2;
+}
+
+static inline int exp2i(int n)
+{
+	return 1 << n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
+ *
+ * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
+ * n - 1 steps left looks like:
+ *
+ * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
+ *
+ * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
+ */
+int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
+{
+	int n, x, e;
+
+	if (all < 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	n = log2i(all);
+	e = exp2i(n);
+	x = all - e;
+
+	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
+}
+
+void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+		       const char *format_cur,
+		       const char *format_last)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
+		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_tried_revs(struct commit_list *tried)
+{
+	printf("bisect_tried='");
+	print_commit_list(tried, "%s|", "%s");
+	printf("'\n");
+}
+
+static void print_var_str(const char *var, const char *val)
+{
+	printf("%s='%s'\n", var, val);
+}
+
+static void print_var_int(const char *var, int val)
+{
+	printf("%s=%d\n", var, val);
+}
+
+static int show_bisect_vars(struct rev_list_info *info, int reaches, int all)
+{
+	int cnt, flags = info->bisect_show_flags;
+	char hex[41] = "";
+	struct commit_list *tried;
+	struct rev_info *revs = info->revs;
+
+	if (!revs->commits && !(flags & BISECT_SHOW_TRIED))
+		return 1;
+
+	revs->commits = filter_skipped(revs->commits, &tried,
+				       flags & BISECT_SHOW_ALL,
+				       NULL, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * revs->commits can reach "reaches" commits among
+	 * "all" commits.  If it is good, then there are
+	 * (all-reaches) commits left to be bisected.
+	 * On the other hand, if it is bad, then the set
+	 * to bisect is "reaches".
+	 * A bisect set of size N has (N-1) commits further
+	 * to test, as we already know one bad one.
+	 */
+	cnt = all - reaches;
+	if (cnt < reaches)
+		cnt = reaches;
+
+	if (revs->commits)
+		strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(revs->commits->item->object.sha1));
+
+	if (flags & BISECT_SHOW_ALL) {
+		traverse_commit_list(revs, show_commit, show_object, info);
+		printf("------\n");
+	}
+
+	if (flags & BISECT_SHOW_TRIED)
+		show_tried_revs(tried);
+
+	print_var_str("bisect_rev", hex);
+	print_var_int("bisect_nr", cnt - 1);
+	print_var_int("bisect_good", all - reaches - 1);
+	print_var_int("bisect_bad", reaches - 1);
+	print_var_int("bisect_all", all);
+	print_var_int("bisect_steps", estimate_bisect_steps(all));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct rev_list_info info;
+	int i;
+	int bisect_list = 0;
+	int bisect_show_vars = 0;
+	int bisect_find_all = 0;
+	int quiet = 0;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
+	revs.abbrev = 0;
+	revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.revs = &revs;
+	if (revs.bisect)
+		bisect_list = 1;
+
+	quiet = DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, QUICK);
+	for (i = 1 ; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--header")) {
+			revs.verbose_header = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--timestamp")) {
+			info.show_timestamp = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
+			bisect_list = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect-all")) {
+			bisect_list = 1;
+			bisect_find_all = 1;
+			info.bisect_show_flags = BISECT_SHOW_ALL;
+			revs.show_decorations = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect-vars")) {
+			bisect_list = 1;
+			bisect_show_vars = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		usage(rev_list_usage);
+
+	}
+	if (revs.commit_format != CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED) {
+		/* The command line has a --pretty  */
+		info.hdr_termination = '\n';
+		if (revs.commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+			info.header_prefix = "";
+		else
+			info.header_prefix = "commit ";
+	}
+	else if (revs.verbose_header)
+		/* Only --header was specified */
+		revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_RAW;
+
+	if ((!revs.commits &&
+	     (!(revs.tag_objects||revs.tree_objects||revs.blob_objects) &&
+	      !revs.pending.nr)) ||
+	    revs.diff)
+		usage(rev_list_usage);
+
+	save_commit_buffer = revs.verbose_header ||
+		revs.grep_filter.pattern_list;
+	if (bisect_list)
+		revs.limited = 1;
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	if (revs.tree_objects)
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+
+	if (bisect_list) {
+		int reaches = reaches, all = all;
+
+		revs.commits = find_bisection(revs.commits, &reaches, &all,
+					      bisect_find_all);
+
+		if (bisect_show_vars)
+			return show_bisect_vars(&info, reaches, all);
+	}
+
+	traverse_commit_list(&revs,
+			     quiet ? finish_commit : show_commit,
+			     quiet ? finish_object : show_object,
+			     &info);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-rev-parse.c b/builtin-rev-parse.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8c5043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-rev-parse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+/*
+ * rev-parse.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+#define DO_REVS		1
+#define DO_NOREV	2
+#define DO_FLAGS	4
+#define DO_NONFLAGS	8
+static int filter = ~0;
+
+static const char *def;
+
+#define NORMAL 0
+#define REVERSED 1
+static int show_type = NORMAL;
+
+#define SHOW_SYMBOLIC_ASIS 1
+#define SHOW_SYMBOLIC_FULL 2
+static int symbolic;
+static int abbrev;
+static int abbrev_ref;
+static int abbrev_ref_strict;
+static int output_sq;
+
+/*
+ * Some arguments are relevant "revision" arguments,
+ * others are about output format or other details.
+ * This sorts it all out.
+ */
+static int is_rev_argument(const char *arg)
+{
+	static const char *rev_args[] = {
+		"--all",
+		"--bisect",
+		"--dense",
+		"--branches=",
+		"--branches",
+		"--header",
+		"--max-age=",
+		"--max-count=",
+		"--min-age=",
+		"--no-merges",
+		"--objects",
+		"--objects-edge",
+		"--parents",
+		"--pretty",
+		"--remotes=",
+		"--remotes",
+		"--glob=",
+		"--sparse",
+		"--tags=",
+		"--tags",
+		"--topo-order",
+		"--date-order",
+		"--unpacked",
+		NULL
+	};
+	const char **p = rev_args;
+
+	/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
+	if ((*arg == '-') && isdigit(arg[1]))
+		return 1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *str = *p++;
+		int len;
+		if (!str)
+			return 0;
+		len = strlen(str);
+		if (!strcmp(arg, str) ||
+		    (str[len-1] == '=' && !strncmp(arg, str, len)))
+			return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Output argument as a string, either SQ or normal */
+static void show(const char *arg)
+{
+	if (output_sq) {
+		int sq = '\'', ch;
+
+		putchar(sq);
+		while ((ch = *arg++)) {
+			if (ch == sq)
+				fputs("'\\'", stdout);
+			putchar(ch);
+		}
+		putchar(sq);
+		putchar(' ');
+	}
+	else
+		puts(arg);
+}
+
+/* Like show(), but with a negation prefix according to type */
+static void show_with_type(int type, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (type != show_type)
+		putchar('^');
+	show(arg);
+}
+
+/* Output a revision, only if filter allows it */
+static void show_rev(int type, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name)
+{
+	if (!(filter & DO_REVS))
+		return;
+	def = NULL;
+
+	if ((symbolic || abbrev_ref) && name) {
+		if (symbolic == SHOW_SYMBOLIC_FULL || abbrev_ref) {
+			unsigned char discard[20];
+			char *full;
+
+			switch (dwim_ref(name, strlen(name), discard, &full)) {
+			case 0:
+				/*
+				 * Not found -- not a ref.  We could
+				 * emit "name" here, but symbolic-full
+				 * users are interested in finding the
+				 * refs spelled in full, and they would
+				 * need to filter non-refs if we did so.
+				 */
+				break;
+			case 1: /* happy */
+				if (abbrev_ref)
+					full = shorten_unambiguous_ref(full,
+						abbrev_ref_strict);
+				show_with_type(type, full);
+				break;
+			default: /* ambiguous */
+				error("refname '%s' is ambiguous", name);
+				break;
+			}
+		} else {
+			show_with_type(type, name);
+		}
+	}
+	else if (abbrev)
+		show_with_type(type, find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev));
+	else
+		show_with_type(type, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
+/* Output a flag, only if filter allows it. */
+static int show_flag(const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!(filter & DO_FLAGS))
+		return 0;
+	if (filter & (is_rev_argument(arg) ? DO_REVS : DO_NOREV)) {
+		show(arg);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_default(void)
+{
+	const char *s = def;
+
+	if (s) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		def = NULL;
+		if (!get_sha1(s, sha1)) {
+			show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, s);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, refname);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int anti_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	show_rev(REVERSED, sha1, refname);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_datestring(const char *flag, const char *datestr)
+{
+	static char buffer[100];
+
+	/* date handling requires both flags and revs */
+	if ((filter & (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS)) != (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS))
+		return;
+	snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s%lu", flag, approxidate(datestr));
+	show(buffer);
+}
+
+static int show_file(const char *arg)
+{
+	show_default();
+	if ((filter & (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) == (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) {
+		show(arg);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int try_difference(const char *arg)
+{
+	char *dotdot;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned char end[20];
+	const char *next;
+	const char *this;
+	int symmetric;
+
+	if (!(dotdot = strstr(arg, "..")))
+		return 0;
+	next = dotdot + 2;
+	this = arg;
+	symmetric = (*next == '.');
+
+	*dotdot = 0;
+	next += symmetric;
+
+	if (!*next)
+		next = "HEAD";
+	if (dotdot == arg)
+		this = "HEAD";
+	if (!get_sha1(this, sha1) && !get_sha1(next, end)) {
+		show_rev(NORMAL, end, next);
+		show_rev(symmetric ? NORMAL : REVERSED, sha1, this);
+		if (symmetric) {
+			struct commit_list *exclude;
+			struct commit *a, *b;
+			a = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+			b = lookup_commit_reference(end);
+			exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+			while (exclude) {
+				struct commit_list *n = exclude->next;
+				show_rev(REVERSED,
+					 exclude->item->object.sha1,NULL);
+				free(exclude);
+				exclude = n;
+			}
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	*dotdot = '.';
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int try_parent_shorthands(const char *arg)
+{
+	char *dotdot;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	int parents_only;
+
+	if ((dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!")))
+		parents_only = 0;
+	else if ((dotdot = strstr(arg, "^@")))
+		parents_only = 1;
+
+	if (!dotdot || dotdot[2])
+		return 0;
+
+	*dotdot = 0;
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!parents_only)
+		show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, arg);
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	for (parents = commit->parents; parents; parents = parents->next)
+		show_rev(parents_only ? NORMAL : REVERSED,
+				parents->item->object.sha1, arg);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int parseopt_dump(const struct option *o, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct strbuf *parsed = o->value;
+	if (unset)
+		strbuf_addf(parsed, " --no-%s", o->long_name);
+	else if (o->short_name)
+		strbuf_addf(parsed, " -%c", o->short_name);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(parsed, " --%s", o->long_name);
+	if (arg) {
+		strbuf_addch(parsed, ' ');
+		sq_quote_buf(parsed, arg);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *skipspaces(const char *s)
+{
+	while (isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	return s;
+}
+
+static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	static int keep_dashdash = 0, stop_at_non_option = 0;
+	static char const * const parseopt_usage[] = {
+		"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]",
+		NULL
+	};
+	static struct option parseopt_opts[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
+					"keep the `--` passed as an arg"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
+					"stop parsing after the "
+					"first non-option argument"),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT, parsed = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char **usage = NULL;
+	struct option *opts = NULL;
+	int onb = 0, osz = 0, unb = 0, usz = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&parsed, "set --");
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, parseopt_opts, parseopt_usage,
+	                     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	if (argc < 1 || strcmp(argv[0], "--"))
+		usage_with_options(parseopt_usage, parseopt_opts);
+
+	/* get the usage up to the first line with a -- on it */
+	for (;;) {
+		if (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+			die("premature end of input");
+		ALLOC_GROW(usage, unb + 1, usz);
+		if (!strcmp("--", sb.buf)) {
+			if (unb < 1)
+				die("no usage string given before the `--' separator");
+			usage[unb] = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+		usage[unb++] = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	}
+
+	/* parse: (<short>|<short>,<long>|<long>)[=?]? SP+ <help> */
+	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+		const char *s;
+		struct option *o;
+
+		if (!sb.len)
+			continue;
+
+		ALLOC_GROW(opts, onb + 1, osz);
+		memset(opts + onb, 0, sizeof(opts[onb]));
+
+		o = &opts[onb++];
+		s = strchr(sb.buf, ' ');
+		if (!s || *sb.buf == ' ') {
+			o->type = OPTION_GROUP;
+			o->help = xstrdup(skipspaces(sb.buf));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		o->type = OPTION_CALLBACK;
+		o->help = xstrdup(skipspaces(s));
+		o->value = &parsed;
+		o->flags = PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
+		o->callback = &parseopt_dump;
+		while (s > sb.buf && strchr("*=?!", s[-1])) {
+			switch (*--s) {
+			case '=':
+				o->flags &= ~PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
+				break;
+			case '?':
+				o->flags &= ~PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
+				o->flags |= PARSE_OPT_OPTARG;
+				break;
+			case '!':
+				o->flags |= PARSE_OPT_NONEG;
+				break;
+			case '*':
+				o->flags |= PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (s - sb.buf == 1) /* short option only */
+			o->short_name = *sb.buf;
+		else if (sb.buf[1] != ',') /* long option only */
+			o->long_name = xmemdupz(sb.buf, s - sb.buf);
+		else {
+			o->short_name = *sb.buf;
+			o->long_name = xmemdupz(sb.buf + 2, s - sb.buf - 2);
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	/* put an OPT_END() */
+	ALLOC_GROW(opts, onb + 1, osz);
+	memset(opts + onb, 0, sizeof(opts[onb]));
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, usage,
+			keep_dashdash ? PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH : 0 |
+			stop_at_non_option ? PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION : 0);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&parsed, " --");
+	sq_quote_argv(&parsed, argv, 0);
+	puts(parsed.buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmd_sq_quote(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (argc)
+		sq_quote_argv(&buf, argv, 0);
+	printf("%s\n", buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void die_no_single_rev(int quiet)
+{
+	if (quiet)
+		exit(1);
+	else
+		die("Needed a single revision");
+}
+
+static const char builtin_rev_parse_usage[] =
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.";
+
+int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, as_is = 0, verify = 0, quiet = 0, revs_count = 0, type = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *name = NULL;
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--parseopt", argv[1]))
+		return cmd_parseopt(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--sq-quote", argv[1]))
+		return cmd_sq_quote(argc - 2, argv + 2);
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
+		usage(builtin_rev_parse_usage);
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory();
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (as_is) {
+			if (show_file(arg) && as_is < 2)
+				verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg,"-n")) {
+			if (++i >= argc)
+				die("-n requires an argument");
+			if ((filter & DO_FLAGS) && (filter & DO_REVS)) {
+				show(arg);
+				show(argv[i]);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+			if ((filter & DO_FLAGS) && (filter & DO_REVS))
+				show(arg);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+				as_is = 2;
+				/* Pass on the "--" if we show anything but files.. */
+				if (filter & (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS))
+					show_file(arg);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
+				def = argv[i+1];
+				i++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--revs-only")) {
+				filter &= ~DO_NOREV;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-revs")) {
+				filter &= ~DO_REVS;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--flags")) {
+				filter &= ~DO_NONFLAGS;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-flags")) {
+				filter &= ~DO_FLAGS;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
+				filter &= ~(DO_FLAGS|DO_NOREV);
+				verify = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--quiet") || !strcmp(arg, "-q")) {
+				quiet = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--short") ||
+			    !prefixcmp(arg, "--short=")) {
+				filter &= ~(DO_FLAGS|DO_NOREV);
+				verify = 1;
+				abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+				if (arg[7] == '=')
+					abbrev = strtoul(arg + 8, NULL, 10);
+				if (abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
+					abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
+				else if (40 <= abbrev)
+					abbrev = 40;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--sq")) {
+				output_sq = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
+				show_type ^= REVERSED;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--symbolic")) {
+				symbolic = SHOW_SYMBOLIC_ASIS;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--symbolic-full-name")) {
+				symbolic = SHOW_SYMBOLIC_FULL;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev-ref") &&
+			    (!arg[12] || arg[12] == '=')) {
+				abbrev_ref = 1;
+				abbrev_ref_strict = warn_ambiguous_refs;
+				if (arg[12] == '=') {
+					if (!strcmp(arg + 13, "strict"))
+						abbrev_ref_strict = 1;
+					else if (!strcmp(arg + 13, "loose"))
+						abbrev_ref_strict = 0;
+					else
+						die("unknown mode for %s", arg);
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
+				for_each_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
+				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", show_reference, NULL);
+				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", anti_reference, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
+				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 11,
+					"refs/heads/", NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
+				for_each_branch_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
+				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 7,
+					"refs/tags/", NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
+				for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=")) {
+				for_each_glob_ref(show_reference, arg + 7, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
+				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 10,
+					"refs/remotes/", NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
+				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-toplevel")) {
+				const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+				if (work_tree)
+					puts(work_tree);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-prefix")) {
+				if (prefix)
+					puts(prefix);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-cdup")) {
+				const char *pfx = prefix;
+				if (!is_inside_work_tree()) {
+					const char *work_tree =
+						get_git_work_tree();
+					if (work_tree)
+						printf("%s\n", work_tree);
+					continue;
+				}
+				while (pfx) {
+					pfx = strchr(pfx, '/');
+					if (pfx) {
+						pfx++;
+						printf("../");
+					}
+				}
+				putchar('\n');
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--git-dir")) {
+				const char *gitdir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+				static char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+				if (gitdir) {
+					puts(gitdir);
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (!prefix) {
+					puts(".git");
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (!getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX))
+					die_errno("unable to get current working directory");
+				printf("%s/.git\n", cwd);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-inside-git-dir")) {
+				printf("%s\n", is_inside_git_dir() ? "true"
+						: "false");
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-inside-work-tree")) {
+				printf("%s\n", is_inside_work_tree() ? "true"
+						: "false");
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-bare-repository")) {
+				printf("%s\n", is_bare_repository() ? "true"
+						: "false");
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--since=")) {
+				show_datestring("--max-age=", arg+8);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--after=")) {
+				show_datestring("--max-age=", arg+8);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--before=")) {
+				show_datestring("--min-age=", arg+9);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--until=")) {
+				show_datestring("--min-age=", arg+8);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (show_flag(arg) && verify)
+				die_no_single_rev(quiet);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Not a flag argument */
+		if (try_difference(arg))
+			continue;
+		if (try_parent_shorthands(arg))
+			continue;
+		name = arg;
+		type = NORMAL;
+		if (*arg == '^') {
+			name++;
+			type = REVERSED;
+		}
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			if (verify)
+				revs_count++;
+			else
+				show_rev(type, sha1, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (verify)
+			die_no_single_rev(quiet);
+		as_is = 1;
+		if (!show_file(arg))
+			continue;
+		verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+	}
+	if (verify) {
+		if (revs_count == 1) {
+			show_rev(type, sha1, name);
+			return 0;
+		} else if (revs_count == 0 && show_default())
+			return 0;
+		die_no_single_rev(quiet);
+	} else
+		show_default();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-revert.c b/builtin-revert.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ac86f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-revert.c
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+
+/*
+ * This implements the builtins revert and cherry-pick.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+ *
+ * Based on git-revert.sh, which is
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+ * Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+
+static const char * const revert_usage[] = {
+	"git revert [options] <commit-ish>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const cherry_pick_usage[] = {
+	"git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int edit, no_replay, no_commit, mainline, signoff;
+static enum { REVERT, CHERRY_PICK } action;
+static struct commit *commit;
+static int allow_rerere_auto;
+
+static const char *me;
+
+#define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
+
+static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char * const * usage_str =
+		action == REVERT ?  revert_usage : cherry_pick_usage;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *arg;
+	int noop;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &no_commit, "don't automatically commit"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit, "edit the commit message"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &no_replay, "append commit name when cherry-picking"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL, &noop, "no-op (backward compatibility)"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
+		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &mainline, "parent number"),
+		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	if (parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage_str, 0) != 1)
+		usage_with_options(usage_str, options);
+	arg = argv[0];
+
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		die ("Cannot find '%s'", arg);
+	commit = (struct commit *)parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		die ("Could not find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (commit->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		commit = (struct commit *)
+			deref_tag((struct object *)commit, arg, strlen(arg));
+	}
+	if (commit->object.type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		die ("'%s' does not point to a commit", arg);
+}
+
+static char *get_oneline(const char *message)
+{
+	char *result;
+	const char *p = message, *abbrev, *eol;
+	int abbrev_len, oneline_len;
+
+	if (!p)
+		die ("Could not read commit message of %s",
+				sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	while (*p && (*p != '\n' || p[1] != '\n'))
+		p++;
+
+	if (*p) {
+		p += 2;
+		for (eol = p + 1; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+	} else
+		eol = p;
+	abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	abbrev_len = strlen(abbrev);
+	oneline_len = eol - p;
+	result = xmalloc(abbrev_len + 5 + oneline_len);
+	memcpy(result, abbrev, abbrev_len);
+	memcpy(result + abbrev_len, "... ", 4);
+	memcpy(result + abbrev_len + 4, p, oneline_len);
+	result[abbrev_len + 4 + oneline_len] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+static char *get_encoding(const char *message)
+{
+	const char *p = message, *eol;
+
+	if (!p)
+		die ("Could not read commit message of %s",
+				sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	while (*p && *p != '\n') {
+		for (eol = p + 1; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (!prefixcmp(p, "encoding ")) {
+			char *result = xmalloc(eol - 8 - p);
+			strlcpy(result, p + 9, eol - 8 - p);
+			return result;
+		}
+		p = eol;
+		if (*p == '\n')
+			p++;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file msg_file;
+static int msg_fd;
+
+static void add_to_msg(const char *string)
+{
+	int len = strlen(string);
+	if (write_in_full(msg_fd, string, len) < 0)
+		die_errno ("Could not write to MERGE_MSG");
+}
+
+static void add_message_to_msg(const char *message)
+{
+	const char *p = message;
+	while (*p && (*p != '\n' || p[1] != '\n'))
+		p++;
+
+	if (!*p)
+		add_to_msg(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	p += 2;
+	add_to_msg(p);
+	return;
+}
+
+static void set_author_ident_env(const char *message)
+{
+	const char *p = message;
+	if (!p)
+		die ("Could not read commit message of %s",
+				sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	while (*p && *p != '\n') {
+		const char *eol;
+
+		for (eol = p; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (!prefixcmp(p, "author ")) {
+			char *line, *pend, *email, *timestamp;
+
+			p += 7;
+			line = xmemdupz(p, eol - p);
+			email = strchr(line, '<');
+			if (!email)
+				die ("Could not extract author email from %s",
+					sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			if (email == line)
+				pend = line;
+			else
+				for (pend = email; pend != line + 1 &&
+						isspace(pend[-1]); pend--);
+					; /* do nothing */
+			*pend = '\0';
+			email++;
+			timestamp = strchr(email, '>');
+			if (!timestamp)
+				die ("Could not extract author time from %s",
+					sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			*timestamp = '\0';
+			for (timestamp++; *timestamp && isspace(*timestamp);
+					timestamp++)
+				; /* do nothing */
+			setenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME", line, 1);
+			setenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL", email, 1);
+			setenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE", timestamp, 1);
+			free(line);
+			return;
+		}
+		p = eol;
+		if (*p == '\n')
+			p++;
+	}
+	die ("No author information found in %s",
+			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+}
+
+static char *help_msg(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static char helpbuf[1024];
+	char *msg = getenv("GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP");
+
+	if (msg)
+		return msg;
+
+	strcpy(helpbuf, "  After resolving the conflicts,\n"
+	       "mark the corrected paths with 'git add <paths>' "
+	       "or 'git rm <paths>' and commit the result.");
+
+	if (action == CHERRY_PICK) {
+		sprintf(helpbuf + strlen(helpbuf),
+			"\nWhen commiting, use the option "
+			"'-c %s' to retain authorship and message.",
+			find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	}
+	return helpbuf;
+}
+
+static struct tree *empty_tree(void)
+{
+	struct tree *tree = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct tree));
+
+	tree->object.parsed = 1;
+	tree->object.type = OBJ_TREE;
+	pretend_sha1_file(NULL, 0, OBJ_TREE, tree->object.sha1);
+	return tree;
+}
+
+static NORETURN void die_dirty_index(const char *me)
+{
+	if (read_cache_unmerged()) {
+		die_resolve_conflict(me);
+	} else {
+		if (advice_commit_before_merge)
+			die("Your local changes would be overwritten by %s.\n"
+			    "Please, commit your changes or stash them to proceed.", me);
+		else
+			die("Your local changes would be overwritten by %s.\n", me);
+	}
+}
+
+static int revert_or_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned char head[20];
+	struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
+	int i, index_fd, clean;
+	char *oneline, *reencoded_message = NULL;
+	const char *message, *encoding;
+	char *defmsg = git_pathdup("MERGE_MSG");
+	struct merge_options o;
+	struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
+	static struct lock_file index_lock;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	me = action == REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
+	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, me, 0);
+	parse_args(argc, argv);
+
+	/* this is copied from the shell script, but it's never triggered... */
+	if (action == REVERT && !no_replay)
+		die("revert is incompatible with replay");
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("git %s: failed to read the index", me);
+	if (no_commit) {
+		/*
+		 * We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
+		 * merge the differences in, so let's compute the tree
+		 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
+		 * to work on.
+		 */
+		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
+			die ("Your index file is unmerged.");
+	} else {
+		if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
+			die ("You do not have a valid HEAD");
+		if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
+			die_dirty_index(me);
+	}
+	discard_cache();
+
+	index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		if (action == REVERT)
+			die ("Cannot revert a root commit");
+		parent = NULL;
+	}
+	else if (commit->parents->next) {
+		/* Reverting or cherry-picking a merge commit */
+		int cnt;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+
+		if (!mainline)
+			die("Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given.",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+		for (cnt = 1, p = commit->parents;
+		     cnt != mainline && p;
+		     cnt++)
+			p = p->next;
+		if (cnt != mainline || !p)
+			die("Commit %s does not have parent %d",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), mainline);
+		parent = p->item;
+	} else if (0 < mainline)
+		die("Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge.",
+		    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	else
+		parent = commit->parents->item;
+
+	if (!(message = commit->buffer))
+		die ("Cannot get commit message for %s",
+				sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
+		die("%s: cannot parse parent commit %s",
+		    me, sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
+
+	/*
+	 * "commit" is an existing commit.  We would want to apply
+	 * the difference it introduces since its first parent "prev"
+	 * on top of the current HEAD if we are cherry-pick.  Or the
+	 * reverse of it if we are revert.
+	 */
+
+	msg_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&msg_file, defmsg,
+					   LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
+	encoding = get_encoding(message);
+	if (!encoding)
+		encoding = "UTF-8";
+	if (!git_commit_encoding)
+		git_commit_encoding = "UTF-8";
+	if ((reencoded_message = reencode_string(message,
+					git_commit_encoding, encoding)))
+		message = reencoded_message;
+
+	oneline = get_oneline(message);
+
+	if (action == REVERT) {
+		char *oneline_body = strchr(oneline, ' ');
+
+		base = commit;
+		next = parent;
+		add_to_msg("Revert \"");
+		add_to_msg(oneline_body + 1);
+		add_to_msg("\"\n\nThis reverts commit ");
+		add_to_msg(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+		if (commit->parents->next) {
+			add_to_msg(", reversing\nchanges made to ");
+			add_to_msg(sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
+		}
+		add_to_msg(".\n");
+	} else {
+		base = parent;
+		next = commit;
+		set_author_ident_env(message);
+		add_message_to_msg(message);
+		if (no_replay) {
+			add_to_msg("(cherry picked from commit ");
+			add_to_msg(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			add_to_msg(")\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	read_cache();
+	init_merge_options(&o);
+	o.branch1 = "HEAD";
+	o.branch2 = oneline;
+
+	head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	next_tree = next ? next->tree : empty_tree();
+	base_tree = base ? base->tree : empty_tree();
+
+	clean = merge_trees(&o,
+			    head_tree,
+			    next_tree, base_tree, &result);
+
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+	    (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+	     commit_locked_index(&index_lock)))
+		die("%s: Unable to write new index file", me);
+	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+
+	if (!clean) {
+		add_to_msg("\nConflicts:\n\n");
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
+			if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+				add_to_msg("\t");
+				add_to_msg(ce->name);
+				add_to_msg("\n");
+				while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
+						active_cache[i]->name))
+					i++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0)
+			die ("Error wrapping up %s", defmsg);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Automatic %s failed.%s\n",
+			me, help_msg(commit->object.sha1));
+		rerere(allow_rerere_auto);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0)
+		die ("Error wrapping up %s", defmsg);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Finished one %s.\n", me);
+
+	/*
+	 *
+	 * If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
+	 * hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
+	 * author date and name.
+	 * If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
+	 * we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
+	 */
+
+	if (!no_commit) {
+		/* 6 is max possible length of our args array including NULL */
+		const char *args[6];
+		int i = 0;
+		args[i++] = "commit";
+		args[i++] = "-n";
+		if (signoff)
+			args[i++] = "-s";
+		if (!edit) {
+			args[i++] = "-F";
+			args[i++] = defmsg;
+		}
+		args[i] = NULL;
+		return execv_git_cmd(args);
+	}
+	free(reencoded_message);
+	free(defmsg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_revert(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (isatty(0))
+		edit = 1;
+	no_replay = 1;
+	action = REVERT;
+	return revert_or_cherry_pick(argc, argv);
+}
+
+int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	no_replay = 0;
+	action = CHERRY_PICK;
+	return revert_or_cherry_pick(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-rm.c b/builtin-rm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3772c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-rm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/*
+ * "git rm" builtin command
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds 2006
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_rm_usage[] = {
+	"git rm [options] [--] <file>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static struct {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	const char **name;
+} list;
+
+static void add_list(const char *name)
+{
+	if (list.nr >= list.alloc) {
+		list.alloc = alloc_nr(list.alloc);
+		list.name = xrealloc(list.name, list.alloc * sizeof(const char *));
+	}
+	list.name[list.nr++] = name;
+}
+
+static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Items in list are already sorted in the cache order,
+	 * so we could do this a lot more efficiently by using
+	 * tree_desc based traversal if we wanted to, but I am
+	 * lazy, and who cares if removal of files is a tad
+	 * slower than the theoretical maximum speed?
+	 */
+	int i, no_head;
+	int errs = 0;
+
+	no_head = is_null_sha1(head);
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		struct stat st;
+		int pos;
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const char *name = list.name[i];
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		unsigned mode;
+		int local_changes = 0;
+		int staged_changes = 0;
+
+		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+		if (pos < 0)
+			continue; /* removing unmerged entry */
+		ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+		if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
+			if (errno != ENOENT)
+				warning("'%s': %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
+			/* It already vanished from the working tree */
+			continue;
+		}
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			/* if a file was removed and it is now a
+			 * directory, that is the same as ENOENT as
+			 * far as git is concerned; we do not track
+			 * directories.
+			 */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * "rm" of a path that has changes need to be treated
+		 * carefully not to allow losing local changes
+		 * accidentally.  A local change could be (1) file in
+		 * work tree is different since the index; and/or (2)
+		 * the user staged a content that is different from
+		 * the current commit in the index.
+		 *
+		 * In such a case, you would need to --force the
+		 * removal.  However, "rm --cached" (remove only from
+		 * the index) is safe if the index matches the file in
+		 * the work tree or the HEAD commit, as it means that
+		 * the content being removed is available elsewhere.
+		 */
+
+		/*
+		 * Is the index different from the file in the work tree?
+		 */
+		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0))
+			local_changes = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Is the index different from the HEAD commit?  By
+		 * definition, before the very initial commit,
+		 * anything staged in the index is treated by the same
+		 * way as changed from the HEAD.
+		 */
+		if (no_head
+		     || get_tree_entry(head, name, sha1, &mode)
+		     || ce->ce_mode != create_ce_mode(mode)
+		     || hashcmp(ce->sha1, sha1))
+			staged_changes = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the index does not match the file in the work
+		 * tree and if it does not match the HEAD commit
+		 * either, (1) "git rm" without --cached definitely
+		 * will lose information; (2) "git rm --cached" will
+		 * lose information unless it is about removing an
+		 * "intent to add" entry.
+		 */
+		if (local_changes && staged_changes) {
+			if (!index_only || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
+				errs = error("'%s' has staged content different "
+					     "from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+					     "(use -f to force removal)", name);
+		}
+		else if (!index_only) {
+			if (staged_changes)
+				errs = error("'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
+					     "or -f to force removal)", name);
+			if (local_changes)
+				errs = error("'%s' has local modifications\n"
+					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
+					     "or -f to force removal)", name);
+		}
+	}
+	return errs;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
+
+static int show_only = 0, force = 0, index_only = 0, recursive = 0, quiet = 0;
+static int ignore_unmatch = 0;
+
+static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, "only remove from the index"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force",          &force,      "override the up-to-date check"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  "allow recursive removal"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
+				"exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"),
+	OPT_END(),
+};
+
+int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, newfd;
+	const char **pathspec;
+	char *seen;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_rm_options,
+			     builtin_rm_usage, 0);
+	if (!argc)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_rm_usage, builtin_rm_options);
+
+	if (!index_only)
+		setup_work_tree();
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
+
+	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+
+	seen = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] ; i++)
+		/* nothing */;
+	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+			continue;
+		add_list(ce->name);
+	}
+
+	if (pathspec) {
+		const char *match;
+		int seen_any = 0;
+		for (i = 0; (match = pathspec[i]) != NULL ; i++) {
+			if (!seen[i]) {
+				if (!ignore_unmatch) {
+					die("pathspec '%s' did not match any files",
+					    match);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				seen_any = 1;
+			}
+			if (!recursive && seen[i] == MATCHED_RECURSIVELY)
+				die("not removing '%s' recursively without -r",
+				    *match ? match : ".");
+		}
+
+		if (! seen_any)
+			exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If not forced, the file, the index and the HEAD (if exists)
+	 * must match; but the file can already been removed, since
+	 * this sequence is a natural "novice" way:
+	 *
+	 *	rm F; git rm F
+	 *
+	 * Further, if HEAD commit exists, "diff-index --cached" must
+	 * report no changes unless forced.
+	 */
+	if (!force) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
+			hashclr(sha1);
+		if (check_local_mod(sha1, index_only))
+			exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * First remove the names from the index: we won't commit
+	 * the index unless all of them succeed.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = list.name[i];
+		if (!quiet)
+			printf("rm '%s'\n", path);
+
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
+			die("git rm: unable to remove %s", path);
+	}
+
+	if (show_only)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Then, unless we used "--cached", remove the filenames from
+	 * the workspace. If we fail to remove the first one, we
+	 * abort the "git rm" (but once we've successfully removed
+	 * any file at all, we'll go ahead and commit to it all:
+	 * by then we've already committed ourselves and can't fail
+	 * in the middle)
+	 */
+	if (!index_only) {
+		int removed = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = list.name[i];
+			if (!remove_path(path)) {
+				removed = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!removed)
+				die_errno("git rm: '%s'", path);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-send-pack.c b/builtin-send-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76c7206
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-send-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+static const char send_pack_usage[] =
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
+"  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive.";
+
+static struct send_pack_args args;
+
+static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
+{
+	char buf[42];
+
+	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return 1;
+
+	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	if (negative)
+		buf[0] = '^';
+	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
+	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
+ */
+static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
+	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
+	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
+	 */
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"pack-objects",
+		"--all-progress-implied",
+		"--revs",
+		"--stdout",
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct child_process po;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 4;
+	if (args->use_thin_pack)
+		argv[i++] = "--thin";
+	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
+		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+	if (args->quiet)
+		argv[i++] = "-q";
+	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
+	po.argv = argv;
+	po.in = -1;
+	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
+	po.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&po))
+		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
+
+	/*
+	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
+	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
+		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
+			break;
+
+	while (refs) {
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
+			break;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
+			break;
+		refs = refs->next;
+	}
+
+	close(po.in);
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		while (1) {
+			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+			if (n <= 0)
+				break;
+			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+		free(buf);
+		close(po.out);
+		po.out = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&po))
+		return error("pack-objects died with strange error");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *hint;
+	char line[1000];
+	int ret = 0;
+	int len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
+	if (len < 10 || memcmp(line, "unpack ", 7))
+		return error("did not receive remote status");
+	if (memcmp(line, "unpack ok\n", 10)) {
+		char *p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
+		if (*p == '\n')
+			*p = '\0';
+		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+	hint = NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		char *refname;
+		char *msg;
+		len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (len < 3 ||
+		    (memcmp(line, "ok ", 3) && memcmp(line, "ng ", 3))) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "protocol error: %s\n", line);
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
+		refname = line + 3;
+		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
+		if (msg)
+			*msg++ = '\0';
+
+		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
+		if (hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
+		if (!hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
+		if (!hint) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else {
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		if (msg)
+			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
+		/* start our next search from the next ref */
+		hint = hint->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct refspec rs;
+
+	if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK && ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+		return;
+
+	rs.src = ref->name;
+	rs.dst = NULL;
+
+	if (!remote_find_tracking(remote, &rs)) {
+		if (args.verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "updating local tracking ref '%s'\n", rs.dst);
+		if (ref->deletion) {
+			delete_ref(rs.dst, NULL, 0);
+		} else
+			update_ref("update by push", rs.dst,
+					ref->new_sha1, NULL, 0, 0);
+		free(rs.dst);
+	}
+}
+
+#define SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
+
+static void print_ref_status(char flag, const char *summary, struct ref *to, struct ref *from, const char *msg)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, " %c %-*s ", flag, SUMMARY_WIDTH, summary);
+	if (from)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s -> %s", prettify_refname(from->name), prettify_refname(to->name));
+	else
+		fputs(prettify_refname(to->name), stderr);
+	if (msg) {
+		fputs(" (", stderr);
+		fputs(msg, stderr);
+		fputc(')', stderr);
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+static const char *status_abbrev(unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	return find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+}
+
+static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	if (ref->deletion)
+		print_ref_status('-', "[deleted]", ref, NULL, NULL);
+	else if (is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1))
+		print_ref_status('*',
+			(!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") ? "[new tag]" :
+			  "[new branch]"),
+			ref, ref->peer_ref, NULL);
+	else {
+		char quickref[84];
+		char type;
+		const char *msg;
+
+		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
+		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
+			strcat(quickref, "...");
+			type = '+';
+			msg = "forced update";
+		} else {
+			strcat(quickref, "..");
+			type = ' ';
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		strcat(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->new_sha1));
+
+		print_ref_status(type, quickref, ref, ref->peer_ref, msg);
+	}
+}
+
+static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count)
+{
+	if (!count)
+		fprintf(stderr, "To %s\n", dest);
+
+	switch(ref->status) {
+	case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		print_ref_status('X', "[no match]", ref, NULL, NULL);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, NULL,
+				"remote does not support deleting refs");
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		print_ref_status('=', "[up to date]", ref,
+				ref->peer_ref, NULL);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+				"non-fast-forward");
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
+				ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
+				ref->remote_status);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[remote failure]", ref,
+				ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
+				"remote failed to report status");
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_OK:
+		print_ok_ref_status(ref);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	if (args.verbose) {
+		for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+			if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+				n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n);
+	}
+
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
+			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n);
+
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
+		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
+		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
+			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n);
+	}
+}
+
+static int refs_pushed(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch(ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		const char *msg = NULL;
+		const char *res;
+
+		switch(ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "no match";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			res = "ok";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			res = "ok";
+			msg = "up to date";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "non-fast forward";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
+			res = "error";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT:
+		default:
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s %s", res, ref->name);
+		if (ref->remote_status)
+			msg = ref->remote_status;
+		if (msg) {
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, ' ');
+			quote_two_c_style(&buf, "", msg, 0);
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+	      struct ref *remote_refs,
+	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
+{
+	int in = fd[0];
+	int out = fd[1];
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int new_refs;
+	int ask_for_status_report = 0;
+	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
+	int expect_status_report = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
+	if (server_supports("report-status"))
+		ask_for_status_report = 1;
+	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
+		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
+		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
+
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
+			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally, tell the other end!
+	 */
+	new_refs = 0;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			continue;
+		default:
+			; /* do nothing */
+		}
+
+		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!ref->deletion)
+			new_refs++;
+
+		if (!args->dry_run) {
+			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
+			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
+
+			if (ask_for_status_report) {
+				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s%c%s",
+					old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
+					"report-status");
+				ask_for_status_report = 0;
+				expect_status_report = 1;
+			}
+			else
+				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
+					old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
+		}
+		ref->status = expect_status_report ?
+			REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
+			REF_STATUS_OK;
+	}
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		if (!args->dry_run) {
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+	} else {
+		safe_write(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
+		packet_flush(out);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	if (new_refs && !args->dry_run) {
+		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
+			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && !args->dry_run)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (expect_status_report)
+		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
+	else
+		ret = 0;
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
+		const char *local = heads[i];
+		const char *remote = strrchr(heads[i], ':');
+
+		if (*local == '+')
+			local++;
+
+		/* A matching refspec is okay.  */
+		if (remote == local && remote[1] == '\0')
+			continue;
+
+		remote = remote ? (remote + 1) : local;
+		switch (check_ref_format(remote)) {
+		case 0: /* ok */
+		case CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL:
+			/* ok but a single level -- that is fine for
+			 * a match pattern.
+			 */
+		case CHECK_REF_FORMAT_WILDCARD:
+			/* ok but ends with a pattern-match character */
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("remote part of refspec is not a valid name in %s",
+		    heads[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, nr_refspecs = 0;
+	const char **refspecs = NULL;
+	const char *remote_name = NULL;
+	struct remote *remote = NULL;
+	const char *dest = NULL;
+	int fd[2];
+	struct child_process *conn;
+	struct extra_have_objects extra_have;
+	struct ref *remote_refs, *local_refs;
+	int ret;
+	int helper_status = 0;
+	int send_all = 0;
+	const char *receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
+	int flags;
+
+	argv++;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
+		const char *arg = *argv;
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--receive-pack=")) {
+				receivepack = arg + 15;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
+				receivepack = arg + 7;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remote=")) {
+				remote_name = arg + 9;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
+				send_all = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run")) {
+				args.dry_run = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--mirror")) {
+				args.send_mirror = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--force")) {
+				args.force_update = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose")) {
+				args.verbose = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--thin")) {
+				args.use_thin_pack = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
+				args.stateless_rpc = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--helper-status")) {
+				helper_status = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			usage(send_pack_usage);
+		}
+		if (!dest) {
+			dest = arg;
+			continue;
+		}
+		refspecs = (const char **) argv;
+		nr_refspecs = argc - i;
+		break;
+	}
+	if (!dest)
+		usage(send_pack_usage);
+	/*
+	 * --all and --mirror are incompatible; neither makes sense
+	 * with any refspecs.
+	 */
+	if ((refspecs && (send_all || args.send_mirror)) ||
+	    (send_all && args.send_mirror))
+		usage(send_pack_usage);
+
+	if (remote_name) {
+		remote = remote_get(remote_name);
+		if (!remote_has_url(remote, dest)) {
+			die("Destination %s is not a uri for %s",
+			    dest, remote_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+		conn = NULL;
+		fd[0] = 0;
+		fd[1] = 1;
+	} else {
+		conn = git_connect(fd, dest, receivepack,
+			args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
+	}
+
+	memset(&extra_have, 0, sizeof(extra_have));
+
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &remote_refs, 0, NULL, REF_NORMAL,
+			 &extra_have);
+
+	verify_remote_names(nr_refspecs, refspecs);
+
+	local_refs = get_local_heads();
+
+	flags = MATCH_REFS_NONE;
+
+	if (send_all)
+		flags |= MATCH_REFS_ALL;
+	if (args.send_mirror)
+		flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
+
+	/* match them up */
+	if (match_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs, nr_refspecs, refspecs, flags))
+		return -1;
+
+	set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs, args.send_mirror,
+		args.force_update);
+
+	ret = send_pack(&args, fd, conn, remote_refs, &extra_have);
+
+	if (helper_status)
+		print_helper_status(remote_refs);
+
+	close(fd[1]);
+	close(fd[0]);
+
+	ret |= finish_connect(conn);
+
+	if (!helper_status)
+		print_push_status(dest, remote_refs);
+
+	if (!args.dry_run && remote) {
+		struct ref *ref;
+		for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+			update_tracking_ref(remote, ref);
+	}
+
+	if (!ret && !refs_pushed(remote_refs))
+		fprintf(stderr, "Everything up-to-date\n");
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-shortlog.c b/builtin-shortlog.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3b055f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-shortlog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "shortlog.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static char const * const shortlog_usage[] = {
+	"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]",
+	"",
+	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int compare_by_number(const void *a1, const void *a2)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *i1 = a1, *i2 = a2;
+	const struct string_list *l1 = i1->util, *l2 = i2->util;
+
+	if (l1->nr < l2->nr)
+		return 1;
+	else if (l1->nr == l2->nr)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return -1;
+}
+
+const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
+			   const char *line_separator);
+
+static void insert_one_record(struct shortlog *log,
+			      const char *author,
+			      const char *oneline)
+{
+	const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
+	char *buffer, *p;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	char namebuf[1024];
+	char emailbuf[1024];
+	size_t len;
+	const char *eol;
+	const char *boemail, *eoemail;
+	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	boemail = strchr(author, '<');
+	if (!boemail)
+		return;
+	eoemail = strchr(boemail, '>');
+	if (!eoemail)
+		return;
+
+	/* copy author name to namebuf, to support matching on both name and email */
+	memcpy(namebuf, author, boemail - author);
+	len = boemail - author;
+	while (len > 0 && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
+		len--;
+	namebuf[len] = 0;
+
+	/* copy email name to emailbuf, to allow email replacement as well */
+	memcpy(emailbuf, boemail+1, eoemail - boemail);
+	emailbuf[eoemail - boemail - 1] = 0;
+
+	if (!map_user(&log->mailmap, emailbuf, sizeof(emailbuf), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf))) {
+		while (author < boemail && isspace(*author))
+			author++;
+		for (len = 0;
+		     len < sizeof(namebuf) - 1 && author + len < boemail;
+		     len++)
+			namebuf[len] = author[len];
+		while (0 < len && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
+			len--;
+		namebuf[len] = '\0';
+	}
+	else
+		len = strlen(namebuf);
+
+	if (log->email) {
+		size_t room = sizeof(namebuf) - len - 1;
+		int maillen = strlen(emailbuf);
+		snprintf(namebuf + len, room, " <%.*s>", maillen, emailbuf);
+	}
+
+	item = string_list_insert(namebuf, &log->list);
+	if (item->util == NULL)
+		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+
+	/* Skip any leading whitespace, including any blank lines. */
+	while (*oneline && isspace(*oneline))
+		oneline++;
+	eol = strchr(oneline, '\n');
+	if (!eol)
+		eol = oneline + strlen(oneline);
+	if (!prefixcmp(oneline, "[PATCH")) {
+		char *eob = strchr(oneline, ']');
+		if (eob && (!eol || eob < eol))
+			oneline = eob + 1;
+	}
+	while (*oneline && isspace(*oneline) && *oneline != '\n')
+		oneline++;
+	format_subject(&subject, oneline, " ");
+	buffer = strbuf_detach(&subject, NULL);
+
+	if (dot3) {
+		int dot3len = strlen(dot3);
+		if (dot3len > 5) {
+			while ((p = strstr(buffer, dot3)) != NULL) {
+				int taillen = strlen(p) - dot3len;
+				memcpy(p, "/.../", 5);
+				memmove(p + 5, p + dot3len, taillen + 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_append(buffer, item->util);
+}
+
+static void read_from_stdin(struct shortlog *log)
+{
+	char author[1024], oneline[1024];
+
+	while (fgets(author, sizeof(author), stdin) != NULL) {
+		if (!(author[0] == 'A' || author[0] == 'a') ||
+		    prefixcmp(author + 1, "uthor: "))
+			continue;
+		while (fgets(oneline, sizeof(oneline), stdin) &&
+		       oneline[0] != '\n')
+			; /* discard headers */
+		while (fgets(oneline, sizeof(oneline), stdin) &&
+		       oneline[0] == '\n')
+			; /* discard blanks */
+		insert_one_record(log, author + 8, oneline);
+	}
+}
+
+void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *author = NULL, *buffer;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf ufbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+
+	pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_RAW, commit, &buf, &ctx);
+	buffer = buf.buf;
+	while (*buffer && *buffer != '\n') {
+		const char *eol = strchr(buffer, '\n');
+
+		if (eol == NULL)
+			eol = buffer + strlen(buffer);
+		else
+			eol++;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "author "))
+			author = buffer + 7;
+		buffer = eol;
+	}
+	if (!author)
+		die("Missing author: %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	if (log->user_format) {
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		ctx.abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+		ctx.subject = "";
+		ctx.after_subject = "";
+		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT, commit, &ufbuf, &ctx);
+		buffer = ufbuf.buf;
+	} else if (*buffer) {
+		buffer++;
+	}
+	insert_one_record(log, author, !*buffer ? "<none>" : buffer);
+	strbuf_release(&ufbuf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void get_from_rev(struct rev_info *rev, struct shortlog *log)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL)
+		shortlog_add_commit(log, commit);
+}
+
+static int parse_uint(char const **arg, int comma, int defval)
+{
+	unsigned long ul;
+	int ret;
+	char *endp;
+
+	ul = strtoul(*arg, &endp, 10);
+	if (*endp && *endp != comma)
+		return -1;
+	if (ul > INT_MAX)
+		return -1;
+	ret = *arg == endp ? defval : (int)ul;
+	*arg = *endp ? endp + 1 : endp;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const char wrap_arg_usage[] = "-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]";
+#define DEFAULT_WRAPLEN 76
+#define DEFAULT_INDENT1 6
+#define DEFAULT_INDENT2 9
+
+static int parse_wrap_args(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct shortlog *log = opt->value;
+
+	log->wrap_lines = !unset;
+	if (unset)
+		return 0;
+	if (!arg) {
+		log->wrap = DEFAULT_WRAPLEN;
+		log->in1 = DEFAULT_INDENT1;
+		log->in2 = DEFAULT_INDENT2;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	log->wrap = parse_uint(&arg, ',', DEFAULT_WRAPLEN);
+	log->in1 = parse_uint(&arg, ',', DEFAULT_INDENT1);
+	log->in2 = parse_uint(&arg, '\0', DEFAULT_INDENT2);
+	if (log->wrap < 0 || log->in1 < 0 || log->in2 < 0)
+		return error(wrap_arg_usage);
+	if (log->wrap &&
+	    ((log->in1 && log->wrap <= log->in1) ||
+	     (log->in2 && log->wrap <= log->in2)))
+		return error(wrap_arg_usage);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void shortlog_init(struct shortlog *log)
+{
+	memset(log, 0, sizeof(*log));
+
+	read_mailmap(&log->mailmap, &log->common_repo_prefix);
+
+	log->list.strdup_strings = 1;
+	log->wrap = DEFAULT_WRAPLEN;
+	log->in1 = DEFAULT_INDENT1;
+	log->in2 = DEFAULT_INDENT2;
+}
+
+int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	static struct shortlog log;
+	static struct rev_info rev;
+	int nongit;
+
+	static const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
+			    "sort output according to the number of commits per author"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &log.summary,
+			    "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "email", &log.email,
+			    "Show the email address of each author"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, "w[,i1[,i2]]",
+			"Linewrap output", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	shortlog_init(&log);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
+			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, shortlog_usage)) {
+		case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
+			exit(129);
+		case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
+			goto parse_done;
+		}
+		parse_revision_opt(&rev, &ctx, options, shortlog_usage);
+	}
+parse_done:
+	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
+
+	if (setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL) != 1) {
+		error("unrecognized argument: %s", argv[1]);
+		usage_with_options(shortlog_usage, options);
+	}
+
+	log.user_format = rev.commit_format == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
+
+	/* assume HEAD if from a tty */
+	if (!nongit && !rev.pending.nr && isatty(0))
+		add_head_to_pending(&rev);
+	if (rev.pending.nr == 0) {
+		read_from_stdin(&log);
+	}
+	else
+		get_from_rev(&rev, &log);
+
+	shortlog_output(&log);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	if (log->sort_by_number)
+		qsort(log->list.items, log->list.nr, sizeof(struct string_list_item),
+			compare_by_number);
+	for (i = 0; i < log->list.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list *onelines = log->list.items[i].util;
+
+		if (log->summary) {
+			printf("%6d\t%s\n", onelines->nr, log->list.items[i].string);
+		} else {
+			printf("%s (%d):\n", log->list.items[i].string, onelines->nr);
+			for (j = onelines->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+				const char *msg = onelines->items[j].string;
+
+				if (log->wrap_lines) {
+					int col = print_wrapped_text(msg, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
+					if (col != log->wrap)
+						putchar('\n');
+				}
+				else
+					printf("      %s\n", msg);
+			}
+			putchar('\n');
+		}
+
+		onelines->strdup_strings = 1;
+		string_list_clear(onelines, 0);
+		free(onelines);
+		log->list.items[i].util = NULL;
+	}
+
+	log->list.strdup_strings = 1;
+	string_list_clear(&log->list, 1);
+	clear_mailmap(&log->mailmap);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-show-branch.c b/builtin-show-branch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f13caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-show-branch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char* show_branch_usage[] = {
+    "git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--current] [--color | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [<rev> | <glob>]...",
+    "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]",
+    NULL
+};
+
+static int showbranch_use_color = -1;
+static char column_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,
+	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,
+	GIT_COLOR_YELLOW,
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,
+	GIT_COLOR_MAGENTA,
+	GIT_COLOR_CYAN,
+};
+
+#define COLUMN_COLORS_MAX (ARRAY_SIZE(column_colors))
+
+static int default_num;
+static int default_alloc;
+static const char **default_arg;
+
+#define UNINTERESTING	01
+
+#define REV_SHIFT	 2
+#define MAX_REVS	(FLAG_BITS - REV_SHIFT) /* should not exceed bits_per_int - REV_SHIFT */
+
+#define DEFAULT_REFLOG	4
+
+static const char *get_color_code(int idx)
+{
+	if (showbranch_use_color)
+		return column_colors[idx];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static const char *get_color_reset_code(void)
+{
+	if (showbranch_use_color)
+		return GIT_COLOR_RESET;
+	return "";
+}
+
+static struct commit *interesting(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		return commit;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct commit *pop_one_commit(struct commit_list **list_p)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	list = *list_p;
+	commit = list->item;
+	*list_p = list->next;
+	free(list);
+	return commit;
+}
+
+struct commit_name {
+	const char *head_name; /* which head's ancestor? */
+	int generation; /* how many parents away from head_name */
+};
+
+/* Name the commit as nth generation ancestor of head_name;
+ * we count only the first-parent relationship for naming purposes.
+ */
+static void name_commit(struct commit *commit, const char *head_name, int nth)
+{
+	struct commit_name *name;
+	if (!commit->util)
+		commit->util = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name));
+	name = commit->util;
+	name->head_name = head_name;
+	name->generation = nth;
+}
+
+/* Parent is the first parent of the commit.  We may name it
+ * as (n+1)th generation ancestor of the same head_name as
+ * commit is nth generation ancestor of, if that generation
+ * number is better than the name it already has.
+ */
+static void name_parent(struct commit *commit, struct commit *parent)
+{
+	struct commit_name *commit_name = commit->util;
+	struct commit_name *parent_name = parent->util;
+	if (!commit_name)
+		return;
+	if (!parent_name ||
+	    commit_name->generation + 1 < parent_name->generation)
+		name_commit(parent, commit_name->head_name,
+			    commit_name->generation + 1);
+}
+
+static int name_first_parent_chain(struct commit *c)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	while (c) {
+		struct commit *p;
+		if (!c->util)
+			break;
+		if (!c->parents)
+			break;
+		p = c->parents->item;
+		if (!p->util) {
+			name_parent(c, p);
+			i++;
+		}
+		else
+			break;
+		c = p;
+	}
+	return i;
+}
+
+static void name_commits(struct commit_list *list,
+			 struct commit **rev,
+			 char **ref_name,
+			 int num_rev)
+{
+	struct commit_list *cl;
+	struct commit *c;
+	int i;
+
+	/* First give names to the given heads */
+	for (cl = list; cl; cl = cl->next) {
+		c = cl->item;
+		if (c->util)
+			continue;
+		for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++) {
+			if (rev[i] == c) {
+				name_commit(c, ref_name[i], 0);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Then commits on the first parent ancestry chain */
+	do {
+		i = 0;
+		for (cl = list; cl; cl = cl->next) {
+			i += name_first_parent_chain(cl->item);
+		}
+	} while (i);
+
+	/* Finally, any unnamed commits */
+	do {
+		i = 0;
+		for (cl = list; cl; cl = cl->next) {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+			struct commit_name *n;
+			int nth;
+			c = cl->item;
+			if (!c->util)
+				continue;
+			n = c->util;
+			parents = c->parents;
+			nth = 0;
+			while (parents) {
+				struct commit *p = parents->item;
+				char newname[1000], *en;
+				parents = parents->next;
+				nth++;
+				if (p->util)
+					continue;
+				en = newname;
+				switch (n->generation) {
+				case 0:
+					en += sprintf(en, "%s", n->head_name);
+					break;
+				case 1:
+					en += sprintf(en, "%s^", n->head_name);
+					break;
+				default:
+					en += sprintf(en, "%s~%d",
+						n->head_name, n->generation);
+					break;
+				}
+				if (nth == 1)
+					en += sprintf(en, "^");
+				else
+					en += sprintf(en, "^%d", nth);
+				name_commit(p, xstrdup(newname), 0);
+				i++;
+				name_first_parent_chain(p);
+			}
+		}
+	} while (i);
+}
+
+static int mark_seen(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **seen_p)
+{
+	if (!commit->object.flags) {
+		commit_list_insert(commit, seen_p);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void join_revs(struct commit_list **list_p,
+		      struct commit_list **seen_p,
+		      int num_rev, int extra)
+{
+	int all_mask = ((1u << (REV_SHIFT + num_rev)) - 1);
+	int all_revs = all_mask & ~((1u << REV_SHIFT) - 1);
+
+	while (*list_p) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+		int still_interesting = !!interesting(*list_p);
+		struct commit *commit = pop_one_commit(list_p);
+		int flags = commit->object.flags & all_mask;
+
+		if (!still_interesting && extra <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		mark_seen(commit, seen_p);
+		if ((flags & all_revs) == all_revs)
+			flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+		parents = commit->parents;
+
+		while (parents) {
+			struct commit *p = parents->item;
+			int this_flag = p->object.flags;
+			parents = parents->next;
+			if ((this_flag & flags) == flags)
+				continue;
+			if (!p->object.parsed)
+				parse_commit(p);
+			if (mark_seen(p, seen_p) && !still_interesting)
+				extra--;
+			p->object.flags |= flags;
+			insert_by_date(p, list_p);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Postprocess to complete well-poisoning.
+	 *
+	 * At this point we have all the commits we have seen in
+	 * seen_p list.  Mark anything that can be reached from
+	 * uninteresting commits not interesting.
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		int changed = 0;
+		struct commit_list *s;
+		for (s = *seen_p; s; s = s->next) {
+			struct commit *c = s->item;
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+
+			if (((c->object.flags & all_revs) != all_revs) &&
+			    !(c->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+				continue;
+
+			/* The current commit is either a merge base or
+			 * already uninteresting one.  Mark its parents
+			 * as uninteresting commits _only_ if they are
+			 * already parsed.  No reason to find new ones
+			 * here.
+			 */
+			parents = c->parents;
+			while (parents) {
+				struct commit *p = parents->item;
+				parents = parents->next;
+				if (!(p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+					p->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+					changed = 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (!changed)
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_one_commit(struct commit *commit, int no_name)
+{
+	struct strbuf pretty = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *pretty_str = "(unavailable)";
+	struct commit_name *name = commit->util;
+
+	if (commit->object.parsed) {
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &pretty, &ctx);
+		pretty_str = pretty.buf;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(pretty_str, "[PATCH] "))
+		pretty_str += 8;
+
+	if (!no_name) {
+		if (name && name->head_name) {
+			printf("[%s", name->head_name);
+			if (name->generation) {
+				if (name->generation == 1)
+					printf("^");
+				else
+					printf("~%d", name->generation);
+			}
+			printf("] ");
+		}
+		else
+			printf("[%s] ",
+			       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, 7));
+	}
+	puts(pretty_str);
+	strbuf_release(&pretty);
+}
+
+static char *ref_name[MAX_REVS + 1];
+static int ref_name_cnt;
+
+static const char *find_digit_prefix(const char *s, int *v)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	int ver;
+	char ch;
+
+	for (p = s, ver = 0;
+	     '0' <= (ch = *p) && ch <= '9';
+	     p++)
+		ver = ver * 10 + ch - '0';
+	*v = ver;
+	return p;
+}
+
+
+static int version_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	while (1) {
+		int va, vb;
+
+		a = find_digit_prefix(a, &va);
+		b = find_digit_prefix(b, &vb);
+		if (va != vb)
+			return va - vb;
+
+		while (1) {
+			int ca = *a;
+			int cb = *b;
+			if ('0' <= ca && ca <= '9')
+				ca = 0;
+			if ('0' <= cb && cb <= '9')
+				cb = 0;
+			if (ca != cb)
+				return ca - cb;
+			if (!ca)
+				break;
+			a++;
+			b++;
+		}
+		if (!*a && !*b)
+			return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int compare_ref_name(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const char * const*a = a_, * const*b = b_;
+	return version_cmp(*a, *b);
+}
+
+static void sort_ref_range(int bottom, int top)
+{
+	qsort(ref_name + bottom, top - bottom, sizeof(ref_name[0]),
+	      compare_ref_name);
+}
+
+static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		      int allow_dups)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	int i;
+
+	if (!commit)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!allow_dups) {
+		/* Avoid adding the same thing twice */
+		for (i = 0; i < ref_name_cnt; i++)
+			if (!strcmp(refname, ref_name[i]))
+				return 0;
+	}
+	if (MAX_REVS <= ref_name_cnt) {
+		warning("ignoring %s; cannot handle more than %d refs",
+			refname, MAX_REVS);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	ref_name[ref_name_cnt++] = xstrdup(refname);
+	ref_name[ref_name_cnt] = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char tmp[20];
+	int ofs = 11;
+	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		return 0;
+	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
+	 * get confused.
+	 */
+	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || hashcmp(tmp, sha1))
+		ofs = 5;
+	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1, 0);
+}
+
+static int append_remote_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char tmp[20];
+	int ofs = 13;
+	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+		return 0;
+	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
+	 * get confused.
+	 */
+	if (get_sha1(refname + ofs, tmp) || hashcmp(tmp, sha1))
+		ofs = 5;
+	return append_ref(refname + ofs, sha1, 0);
+}
+
+static int append_tag_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+		return 0;
+	return append_ref(refname + 5, sha1, 0);
+}
+
+static const char *match_ref_pattern = NULL;
+static int match_ref_slash = 0;
+static int count_slash(const char *s)
+{
+	int cnt = 0;
+	while (*s)
+		if (*s++ == '/')
+			cnt++;
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	/* we want to allow pattern hold/<asterisk> to show all
+	 * branches under refs/heads/hold/, and v0.99.9? to show
+	 * refs/tags/v0.99.9a and friends.
+	 */
+	const char *tail;
+	int slash = count_slash(refname);
+	for (tail = refname; *tail && match_ref_slash < slash; )
+		if (*tail++ == '/')
+			slash--;
+	if (!*tail)
+		return 0;
+	if (fnmatch(match_ref_pattern, tail, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		return append_head_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+		return append_tag_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	return append_ref(refname, sha1, 0);
+}
+
+static void snarf_refs(int head, int remotes)
+{
+	if (head) {
+		int orig_cnt = ref_name_cnt;
+		for_each_ref(append_head_ref, NULL);
+		sort_ref_range(orig_cnt, ref_name_cnt);
+	}
+	if (remotes) {
+		int orig_cnt = ref_name_cnt;
+		for_each_ref(append_remote_ref, NULL);
+		sort_ref_range(orig_cnt, ref_name_cnt);
+	}
+}
+
+static int rev_is_head(char *head, int headlen, char *name,
+		       unsigned char *head_sha1, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if ((!head[0]) ||
+	    (head_sha1 && sha1 && hashcmp(head_sha1, sha1)))
+		return 0;
+	if (!prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
+		head += 11;
+	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/"))
+		name += 11;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(name, "heads/"))
+		name += 6;
+	return !strcmp(head, name);
+}
+
+static int show_merge_base(struct commit_list *seen, int num_rev)
+{
+	int all_mask = ((1u << (REV_SHIFT + num_rev)) - 1);
+	int all_revs = all_mask & ~((1u << REV_SHIFT) - 1);
+	int exit_status = 1;
+
+	while (seen) {
+		struct commit *commit = pop_one_commit(&seen);
+		int flags = commit->object.flags & all_mask;
+		if (!(flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
+		    ((flags & all_revs) == all_revs)) {
+			puts(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			exit_status = 0;
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+		}
+	}
+	return exit_status;
+}
+
+static int show_independent(struct commit **rev,
+			    int num_rev,
+			    char **ref_name,
+			    unsigned int *rev_mask)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++) {
+		struct commit *commit = rev[i];
+		unsigned int flag = rev_mask[i];
+
+		if (commit->object.flags == flag)
+			puts(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void append_one_rev(const char *av)
+{
+	unsigned char revkey[20];
+	if (!get_sha1(av, revkey)) {
+		append_ref(av, revkey, 0);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (strchr(av, '*') || strchr(av, '?') || strchr(av, '[')) {
+		/* glob style match */
+		int saved_matches = ref_name_cnt;
+		match_ref_pattern = av;
+		match_ref_slash = count_slash(av);
+		for_each_ref(append_matching_ref, NULL);
+		if (saved_matches == ref_name_cnt &&
+		    ref_name_cnt < MAX_REVS)
+			error("no matching refs with %s", av);
+		if (saved_matches + 1 < ref_name_cnt)
+			sort_ref_range(saved_matches, ref_name_cnt);
+		return;
+	}
+	die("bad sha1 reference %s", av);
+}
+
+static int git_show_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "showbranch.default")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		/*
+		 * default_arg is now passed to parse_options(), so we need to
+		 * mimick the real argv a bit better.
+		 */
+		if (!default_num) {
+			default_alloc = 20;
+			default_arg = xcalloc(default_alloc, sizeof(*default_arg));
+			default_arg[default_num++] = "show-branch";
+		} else if (default_alloc <= default_num + 1) {
+			default_alloc = default_alloc * 3 / 2 + 20;
+			default_arg = xrealloc(default_arg, sizeof *default_arg * default_alloc);
+		}
+		default_arg[default_num++] = xstrdup(value);
+		default_arg[default_num] = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.showbranch")) {
+		showbranch_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value, -1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int omit_in_dense(struct commit *commit, struct commit **rev, int n)
+{
+	/* If the commit is tip of the named branches, do not
+	 * omit it.
+	 * Otherwise, if it is a merge that is reachable from only one
+	 * tip, it is not that interesting.
+	 */
+	int i, flag, count;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (rev[i] == commit)
+			return 0;
+	flag = commit->object.flags;
+	for (i = count = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (flag & (1u << (i + REV_SHIFT)))
+			count++;
+	}
+	if (count == 1)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int reflog = 0;
+
+static int parse_reflog_param(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			      int unset)
+{
+	char *ep;
+	const char **base = (const char **)opt->value;
+	if (!arg)
+		arg = "";
+	reflog = strtoul(arg, &ep, 10);
+	if (*ep == ',')
+		*base = ep + 1;
+	else if (*ep)
+		return error("unrecognized reflog param '%s'", arg);
+	else
+		*base = NULL;
+	if (reflog <= 0)
+		reflog = DEFAULT_REFLOG;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct commit *rev[MAX_REVS], *commit;
+	char *reflog_msg[MAX_REVS];
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL, *seen = NULL;
+	unsigned int rev_mask[MAX_REVS];
+	int num_rev, i, extra = 0;
+	int all_heads = 0, all_remotes = 0;
+	int all_mask, all_revs;
+	int lifo = 1;
+	char head[128];
+	const char *head_p;
+	int head_len;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	int merge_base = 0;
+	int independent = 0;
+	int no_name = 0;
+	int sha1_name = 0;
+	int shown_merge_point = 0;
+	int with_current_branch = 0;
+	int head_at = -1;
+	int topics = 0;
+	int dense = 1;
+	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
+	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
+			    "show remote-tracking and local branches"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
+			    "show remote-tracking branches"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "color", &showbranch_use_color,
+			    "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, "n",
+			    "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor",
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, "synonym to more=-1", -1),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, "suppress naming strings"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
+			    "include the current branch"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
+			    "name commits with their object names"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
+			    "show possible merge bases"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
+			    "show refs unreachable from any other ref"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
+			    "show commits in topological order"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
+			    "show only commits not on the first branch"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
+			    "show merges reachable from only one tip", 0),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
+			    "show commits where no parent comes before its "
+			    "children", 0),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, "<n>[,<base>]",
+			    "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
+			    "base",
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
+			    parse_reflog_param },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_show_branch_config, NULL);
+
+	if (showbranch_use_color == -1)
+		showbranch_use_color = git_use_color_default;
+
+	/* If nothing is specified, try the default first */
+	if (ac == 1 && default_num) {
+		ac = default_num;
+		av = default_arg;
+	}
+
+	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, builtin_show_branch_options,
+			   show_branch_usage, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+	if (all_heads)
+		all_remotes = 1;
+
+	if (extra || reflog) {
+		/* "listing" mode is incompatible with
+		 * independent nor merge-base modes.
+		 */
+		if (independent || merge_base)
+			usage_with_options(show_branch_usage,
+					   builtin_show_branch_options);
+		if (reflog && ((0 < extra) || all_heads || all_remotes))
+			/*
+			 * Asking for --more in reflog mode does not
+			 * make sense.  --list is Ok.
+			 *
+			 * Also --all and --remotes do not make sense either.
+			 */
+			die("--reflog is incompatible with --all, --remotes, "
+			    "--independent or --merge-base");
+	}
+
+	/* If nothing is specified, show all branches by default */
+	if (ac + all_heads + all_remotes == 0)
+		all_heads = 1;
+
+	if (reflog) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char nth_desc[256];
+		char *ref;
+		int base = 0;
+
+		if (ac == 0) {
+			static const char *fake_av[2];
+			const char *refname;
+
+			refname = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+			fake_av[0] = xstrdup(refname);
+			fake_av[1] = NULL;
+			av = fake_av;
+			ac = 1;
+		}
+		if (ac != 1)
+			die("--reflog option needs one branch name");
+
+		if (MAX_REVS < reflog)
+			die("Only %d entries can be shown at one time.",
+			    MAX_REVS);
+		if (!dwim_ref(*av, strlen(*av), sha1, &ref))
+			die("No such ref %s", *av);
+
+		/* Has the base been specified? */
+		if (reflog_base) {
+			char *ep;
+			base = strtoul(reflog_base, &ep, 10);
+			if (*ep) {
+				/* Ah, that is a date spec... */
+				unsigned long at;
+				at = approxidate(reflog_base);
+				read_ref_at(ref, at, -1, sha1, NULL,
+					    NULL, NULL, &base);
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < reflog; i++) {
+			char *logmsg, *m;
+			const char *msg;
+			unsigned long timestamp;
+			int tz;
+
+			if (read_ref_at(ref, 0, base+i, sha1, &logmsg,
+					&timestamp, &tz, NULL)) {
+				reflog = i;
+				break;
+			}
+			msg = strchr(logmsg, '\t');
+			if (!msg)
+				msg = "(none)";
+			else
+				msg++;
+			m = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + 200);
+			sprintf(m, "(%s) %s",
+				show_date(timestamp, tz, 1),
+				msg);
+			reflog_msg[i] = m;
+			free(logmsg);
+			sprintf(nth_desc, "%s@{%d}", *av, base+i);
+			append_ref(nth_desc, sha1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+	else if (all_heads + all_remotes)
+		snarf_refs(all_heads, all_remotes);
+	else {
+		while (0 < ac) {
+			append_one_rev(*av);
+			ac--; av++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	head_p = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+	if (head_p) {
+		head_len = strlen(head_p);
+		memcpy(head, head_p, head_len + 1);
+	}
+	else {
+		head_len = 0;
+		head[0] = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (with_current_branch && head_p) {
+		int has_head = 0;
+		for (i = 0; !has_head && i < ref_name_cnt; i++) {
+			/* We are only interested in adding the branch
+			 * HEAD points at.
+			 */
+			if (rev_is_head(head,
+					head_len,
+					ref_name[i],
+					head_sha1, NULL))
+				has_head++;
+		}
+		if (!has_head) {
+			int offset = !prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ? 11 : 0;
+			append_one_rev(head + offset);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!ref_name_cnt) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No revs to be shown.\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	for (num_rev = 0; ref_name[num_rev]; num_rev++) {
+		unsigned char revkey[20];
+		unsigned int flag = 1u << (num_rev + REV_SHIFT);
+
+		if (MAX_REVS <= num_rev)
+			die("cannot handle more than %d revs.", MAX_REVS);
+		if (get_sha1(ref_name[num_rev], revkey))
+			die("'%s' is not a valid ref.", ref_name[num_rev]);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(revkey);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("cannot find commit %s (%s)",
+			    ref_name[num_rev], revkey);
+		parse_commit(commit);
+		mark_seen(commit, &seen);
+
+		/* rev#0 uses bit REV_SHIFT, rev#1 uses bit REV_SHIFT+1,
+		 * and so on.  REV_SHIFT bits from bit 0 are used for
+		 * internal bookkeeping.
+		 */
+		commit->object.flags |= flag;
+		if (commit->object.flags == flag)
+			insert_by_date(commit, &list);
+		rev[num_rev] = commit;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++)
+		rev_mask[i] = rev[i]->object.flags;
+
+	if (0 <= extra)
+		join_revs(&list, &seen, num_rev, extra);
+
+	sort_by_date(&seen);
+
+	if (merge_base)
+		return show_merge_base(seen, num_rev);
+
+	if (independent)
+		return show_independent(rev, num_rev, ref_name, rev_mask);
+
+	/* Show list; --more=-1 means list-only */
+	if (1 < num_rev || extra < 0) {
+		for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++) {
+			int j;
+			int is_head = rev_is_head(head,
+						  head_len,
+						  ref_name[i],
+						  head_sha1,
+						  rev[i]->object.sha1);
+			if (extra < 0)
+				printf("%c [%s] ",
+				       is_head ? '*' : ' ', ref_name[i]);
+			else {
+				for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
+					putchar(' ');
+				printf("%s%c%s [%s] ",
+				       get_color_code(i % COLUMN_COLORS_MAX),
+				       is_head ? '*' : '!',
+				       get_color_reset_code(), ref_name[i]);
+			}
+
+			if (!reflog) {
+				/* header lines never need name */
+				show_one_commit(rev[i], 1);
+			}
+			else
+				puts(reflog_msg[i]);
+
+			if (is_head)
+				head_at = i;
+		}
+		if (0 <= extra) {
+			for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++)
+				putchar('-');
+			putchar('\n');
+		}
+	}
+	if (extra < 0)
+		exit(0);
+
+	/* Sort topologically */
+	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, lifo);
+
+	/* Give names to commits */
+	if (!sha1_name && !no_name)
+		name_commits(seen, rev, ref_name, num_rev);
+
+	all_mask = ((1u << (REV_SHIFT + num_rev)) - 1);
+	all_revs = all_mask & ~((1u << REV_SHIFT) - 1);
+
+	while (seen) {
+		struct commit *commit = pop_one_commit(&seen);
+		int this_flag = commit->object.flags;
+		int is_merge_point = ((this_flag & all_revs) == all_revs);
+
+		shown_merge_point |= is_merge_point;
+
+		if (1 < num_rev) {
+			int is_merge = !!(commit->parents &&
+					  commit->parents->next);
+			if (topics &&
+			    !is_merge_point &&
+			    (this_flag & (1u << REV_SHIFT)))
+				continue;
+			if (dense && is_merge &&
+			    omit_in_dense(commit, rev, num_rev))
+				continue;
+			for (i = 0; i < num_rev; i++) {
+				int mark;
+				if (!(this_flag & (1u << (i + REV_SHIFT))))
+					mark = ' ';
+				else if (is_merge)
+					mark = '-';
+				else if (i == head_at)
+					mark = '*';
+				else
+					mark = '+';
+				printf("%s%c%s",
+				       get_color_code(i % COLUMN_COLORS_MAX),
+				       mark, get_color_reset_code());
+			}
+			putchar(' ');
+		}
+		show_one_commit(commit, no_name);
+
+		if (shown_merge_point && --extra < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-show-ref.c b/builtin-show-ref.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17ada88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-show-ref.c
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const show_ref_usage[] = {
+	"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] ",
+	"git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int deref_tags, show_head, tags_only, heads_only, found_match, verify,
+	   quiet, hash_only, abbrev, exclude_arg;
+static const char **pattern;
+static const char *exclude_existing_arg;
+
+static void show_one(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *hex = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev);
+	if (hash_only)
+		printf("%s\n", hex);
+	else
+		printf("%s %s\n", hex, refname);
+}
+
+static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	const char *hex;
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
+
+	if (tags_only || heads_only) {
+		int match;
+
+		match = heads_only && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
+		match |= tags_only && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/");
+		if (!match)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (pattern) {
+		int reflen = strlen(refname);
+		const char **p = pattern, *m;
+		while ((m = *p++) != NULL) {
+			int len = strlen(m);
+			if (len > reflen)
+				continue;
+			if (memcmp(m, refname + reflen - len, len))
+				continue;
+			if (len == reflen)
+				goto match;
+			/* "--verify" requires an exact match */
+			if (verify)
+				continue;
+			if (refname[reflen - len - 1] == '/')
+				goto match;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+match:
+	found_match++;
+
+	/* This changes the semantics slightly that even under quiet we
+	 * detect and return error if the repository is corrupt and
+	 * ref points at a nonexistent object.
+	 */
+	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
+		    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (quiet)
+		return 0;
+
+	show_one(refname, sha1);
+
+	if (!deref_tags)
+		return 0;
+
+	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED) && !peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
+		if (!is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
+			hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
+			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (!obj)
+			die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
+			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			obj = deref_tag(obj, refname, 0);
+			if (!obj)
+				die("git show-ref: bad tag at ref %s (%s)", refname,
+				    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			hex = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, abbrev);
+			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
+	string_list_insert(refname, list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read "^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:\^\{\})?$" from the standard input,
+ * and
+ * (1) strip "^{}" at the end of line if any;
+ * (2) ignore if match is provided and does not head-match refname;
+ * (3) warn if refname is not a well-formed refname and skip;
+ * (4) ignore if refname is a ref that exists in the local repository;
+ * (5) otherwise output the line.
+ */
+static int exclude_existing(const char *match)
+{
+	static struct string_list existing_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	char buf[1024];
+	int matchlen = match ? strlen(match) : 0;
+
+	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
+		char *ref;
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+
+		if (len > 0 && buf[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buf[--len] = '\0';
+		if (3 <= len && !strcmp(buf + len - 3, "^{}")) {
+			len -= 3;
+			buf[len] = '\0';
+		}
+		for (ref = buf + len; buf < ref; ref--)
+			if (isspace(ref[-1]))
+				break;
+		if (match) {
+			int reflen = buf + len - ref;
+			if (reflen < matchlen)
+				continue;
+			if (strncmp(ref, match, matchlen))
+				continue;
+		}
+		if (check_ref_format(ref)) {
+			warning("ref '%s' ignored", ref);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref)) {
+			printf("%s\n", buf);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int hash_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	hash_only = 1;
+	/* Use full length SHA1 if no argument */
+	if (!arg)
+		return 0;
+	return parse_opt_abbrev_cb(opt, arg, unset);
+}
+
+static int exclude_existing_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+				     int unset)
+{
+	exclude_arg = 1;
+	*(const char **)opt->value = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int help_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const struct option show_ref_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, "stricter reference checking, "
+		    "requires exact ref path"),
+	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'h', NULL, &show_head, NULL,
+	  "show the HEAD reference",
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, "show the HEAD reference"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
+		    "dereference tags into object IDs"),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, "n",
+	  "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits",
+	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &hash_callback },
+	OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-existing", &exclude_existing_arg,
+	  "pattern", "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository",
+	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_existing_callback },
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", NULL, NULL, "show usage",
+	  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage_with_options(show_ref_usage, show_ref_options);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, show_ref_options,
+			     show_ref_usage, PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
+
+	if (exclude_arg)
+		return exclude_existing(exclude_existing_arg);
+
+	pattern = argv;
+	if (!*pattern)
+		pattern = NULL;
+
+	if (verify) {
+		if (!pattern)
+			die("--verify requires a reference");
+		while (*pattern) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			if (!prefixcmp(*pattern, "refs/") &&
+			    resolve_ref(*pattern, sha1, 1, NULL)) {
+				if (!quiet)
+					show_one(*pattern, sha1);
+			}
+			else if (!quiet)
+				die("'%s' - not a valid ref", *pattern);
+			else
+				return 1;
+			pattern++;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (show_head)
+		head_ref(show_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_ref(show_ref, NULL);
+	if (!found_match) {
+		if (verify && !quiet)
+			die("No match");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-stripspace.c b/builtin-stripspace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d3b93f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-stripspace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+
+/*
+ * Returns the length of a line, without trailing spaces.
+ *
+ * If the line ends with newline, it will be removed too.
+ */
+static size_t cleanup(char *line, size_t len)
+{
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned char c = line[len - 1];
+		if (!isspace(c))
+			break;
+		len--;
+	}
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove empty lines from the beginning and end
+ * and also trailing spaces from every line.
+ *
+ * Note that the buffer will not be NUL-terminated.
+ *
+ * Turn multiple consecutive empty lines between paragraphs
+ * into just one empty line.
+ *
+ * If the input has only empty lines and spaces,
+ * no output will be produced.
+ *
+ * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
+ *
+ * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with "#".
+ */
+void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
+{
+	int empties = 0;
+	size_t i, j, len, newlen;
+	char *eol;
+
+	/* We may have to add a newline. */
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
+
+	for (i = j = 0; i < sb->len; i += len, j += newlen) {
+		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
+		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
+
+		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == '#') {
+			newlen = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		newlen = cleanup(sb->buf + i, len);
+
+		/* Not just an empty line? */
+		if (newlen) {
+			if (empties > 0 && j > 0)
+				sb->buf[j++] = '\n';
+			empties = 0;
+			memmove(sb->buf + j, sb->buf + i, newlen);
+			sb->buf[newlen + j++] = '\n';
+		} else {
+			empties++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
+}
+
+int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int strip_comments = 0;
+
+	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
+				!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")))
+		strip_comments = 1;
+	else if (argc > 1)
+		usage("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < <stream>");
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
+		die_errno("could not read the input");
+
+	stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+
+	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-symbolic-ref.c b/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca855a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-symbolic-ref.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const git_symbolic_ref_usage[] = {
+	"git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+	const char *refs_heads_master = resolve_ref(HEAD, sha1, 0, &flag);
+
+	if (!refs_heads_master)
+		die("No such ref: %s", HEAD);
+	else if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF)) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			die("ref %s is not a symbolic ref", HEAD);
+		else
+			exit(1);
+	}
+	puts(refs_heads_master);
+}
+
+int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int quiet = 0;
+	const char *msg = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     git_symbolic_ref_usage, 0);
+	if (msg &&!*msg)
+		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message");
+	switch (argc) {
+	case 1:
+		check_symref(argv[0], quiet);
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD") &&
+		    prefixcmp(argv[1], "refs/"))
+			die("Refusing to point HEAD outside of refs/");
+		create_symref(argv[0], argv[1], msg);
+		break;
+	default:
+		usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-tag.c b/builtin-tag.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ef1c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-tag.c
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git tag"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>,
+ *                    Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com>
+ * Based on git-tag.sh and mktag.c by Linus Torvalds.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const git_tag_usage[] = {
+	"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]",
+	"git tag -d <tagname>...",
+	"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [<pattern>]",
+	"git tag -v <tagname>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+static char signingkey[1000];
+
+struct tag_filter {
+	const char *pattern;
+	int lines;
+	struct commit_list *with_commit;
+};
+
+#define PGP_SIGNATURE "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----"
+
+static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct tag_filter *filter = cb_data;
+
+	if (!fnmatch(filter->pattern, refname, 0)) {
+		int i;
+		unsigned long size;
+		enum object_type type;
+		char *buf, *sp, *eol;
+		size_t len;
+
+		if (filter->with_commit) {
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				return 0;
+			if (!is_descendant_of(commit, filter->with_commit))
+				return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (!filter->lines) {
+			printf("%s\n", refname);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		printf("%-15s ", refname);
+
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf || !size)
+			return 0;
+
+		/* skip header */
+		sp = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		if (!sp) {
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/* only take up to "lines" lines, and strip the signature */
+		for (i = 0, sp += 2;
+				i < filter->lines && sp < buf + size &&
+				prefixcmp(sp, PGP_SIGNATURE "\n");
+				i++) {
+			if (i)
+				printf("\n    ");
+			eol = memchr(sp, '\n', size - (sp - buf));
+			len = eol ? eol - sp : size - (sp - buf);
+			fwrite(sp, len, 1, stdout);
+			if (!eol)
+				break;
+			sp = eol + 1;
+		}
+		putchar('\n');
+		free(buf);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_tags(const char *pattern, int lines,
+			struct commit_list *with_commit)
+{
+	struct tag_filter filter;
+
+	if (pattern == NULL)
+		pattern = "*";
+
+	filter.pattern = pattern;
+	filter.lines = lines;
+	filter.with_commit = with_commit;
+
+	for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, (void *) &filter);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+typedef int (*each_tag_name_fn)(const char *name, const char *ref,
+				const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+static int for_each_tag_name(const char **argv, each_tag_name_fn fn)
+{
+	const char **p;
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+	int had_error = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
+		if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/tags/%s", *p)
+					>= sizeof(ref)) {
+			error("tag name too long: %.*s...", 50, *p);
+			had_error = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL)) {
+			error("tag '%s' not found.", *p);
+			had_error = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (fn(*p, ref, sha1))
+			had_error = 1;
+	}
+	return had_error;
+}
+
+static int delete_tag(const char *name, const char *ref,
+				const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (delete_ref(ref, sha1, 0))
+		return 1;
+	printf("Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n", name, find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_tag(const char *name, const char *ref,
+				const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *argv_verify_tag[] = {"git-verify-tag",
+					"-v", "SHA1_HEX", NULL};
+	argv_verify_tag[2] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_verify_tag, 0))
+		return error("could not verify the tag '%s'", name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_sign(struct strbuf *buffer)
+{
+	struct child_process gpg;
+	const char *args[4];
+	char *bracket;
+	int len;
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (!*signingkey) {
+		if (strlcpy(signingkey, git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME),
+				sizeof(signingkey)) > sizeof(signingkey) - 1)
+			return error("committer info too long.");
+		bracket = strchr(signingkey, '>');
+		if (bracket)
+			bracket[1] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	/* When the username signingkey is bad, program could be terminated
+	 * because gpg exits without reading and then write gets SIGPIPE. */
+	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
+	gpg.argv = args;
+	gpg.in = -1;
+	gpg.out = -1;
+	args[0] = "gpg";
+	args[1] = "-bsau";
+	args[2] = signingkey;
+	args[3] = NULL;
+
+	if (start_command(&gpg))
+		return error("could not run gpg.");
+
+	if (write_in_full(gpg.in, buffer->buf, buffer->len) != buffer->len) {
+		close(gpg.in);
+		close(gpg.out);
+		finish_command(&gpg);
+		return error("gpg did not accept the tag data");
+	}
+	close(gpg.in);
+	len = strbuf_read(buffer, gpg.out, 1024);
+	close(gpg.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&gpg) || !len || len < 0)
+		return error("gpg failed to sign the tag");
+
+	/* Strip CR from the line endings, in case we are on Windows. */
+	for (i = j = 0; i < buffer->len; i++)
+		if (buffer->buf[i] != '\r') {
+			if (i != j)
+				buffer->buf[j] = buffer->buf[i];
+			j++;
+		}
+	strbuf_setlen(buffer, j);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char tag_template[] =
+	"\n"
+	"#\n"
+	"# Write a tag message\n"
+	"#\n";
+
+static void set_signingkey(const char *value)
+{
+	if (strlcpy(signingkey, value, sizeof(signingkey)) >= sizeof(signingkey))
+		die("signing key value too long (%.10s...)", value);
+}
+
+static int git_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.signingkey")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		set_signingkey(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static void write_tag_body(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf, *sp, *eob;
+	size_t len;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return;
+	/* skip header */
+	sp = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
+
+	if (!sp || !size || type != OBJ_TAG) {
+		free(buf);
+		return;
+	}
+	sp += 2; /* skip the 2 LFs */
+	eob = strstr(sp, "\n" PGP_SIGNATURE "\n");
+	if (eob)
+		len = eob - sp;
+	else
+		len = buf + size - sp;
+	write_or_die(fd, sp, len);
+
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static int build_tag_object(struct strbuf *buf, int sign, unsigned char *result)
+{
+	if (sign && do_sign(buf) < 0)
+		return error("unable to sign the tag");
+	if (write_sha1_file(buf->buf, buf->len, tag_type, result) < 0)
+		return error("unable to write tag file");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
+		       struct strbuf *buf, int message, int sign,
+		       unsigned char *prev, unsigned char *result)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char header_buf[1024];
+	int header_len;
+	char *path = NULL;
+
+	type = sha1_object_info(object, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+	    die("bad object type.");
+
+	header_len = snprintf(header_buf, sizeof(header_buf),
+			  "object %s\n"
+			  "type %s\n"
+			  "tag %s\n"
+			  "tagger %s\n\n",
+			  sha1_to_hex(object),
+			  typename(type),
+			  tag,
+			  git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
+
+	if (header_len > sizeof(header_buf) - 1)
+		die("tag header too big.");
+
+	if (!message) {
+		int fd;
+
+		/* write the template message before editing: */
+		path = git_pathdup("TAG_EDITMSG");
+		fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			die_errno("could not create file '%s'", path);
+
+		if (!is_null_sha1(prev))
+			write_tag_body(fd, prev);
+		else
+			write_or_die(fd, tag_template, strlen(tag_template));
+		close(fd);
+
+		if (launch_editor(path, buf, NULL)) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+			"Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	stripspace(buf, 1);
+
+	if (!message && !buf->len)
+		die("no tag message?");
+
+	strbuf_insert(buf, 0, header_buf, header_len);
+
+	if (build_tag_object(buf, sign, result) < 0) {
+		if (path)
+			fprintf(stderr, "The tag message has been left in %s\n",
+				path);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+	if (path) {
+		unlink_or_warn(path);
+		free(path);
+	}
+}
+
+struct msg_arg {
+	int given;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+};
+
+static int parse_msg_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+	if (msg->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&(msg->buf), "\n\n");
+	strbuf_addstr(&(msg->buf), arg);
+	msg->given = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char object[20], prev[20];
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *object_ref, *tag;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+
+	int annotate = 0, sign = 0, force = 0, lines = -1,
+		list = 0, delete = 0, verify = 0;
+	const char *msgfile = NULL, *keyid = NULL;
+	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, STRBUF_INIT };
+	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, "list tag names"),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, "n",
+				"print <n> lines of each tag message",
+				PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, 1 },
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "delete tags"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &verify, "verify tags"),
+
+		OPT_GROUP("Tag creation options"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', NULL, &annotate,
+					"annotated tag, needs a message"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', NULL, &msg, "msg",
+			     "message for the tag", parse_msg_arg),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', NULL, &msgfile, "message in a file"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', NULL, &sign, "annotated and GPG-signed tag"),
+		OPT_STRING('u', NULL, &keyid, "key-id",
+					"use another key to sign the tag"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "replace the tag if exists"),
+
+		OPT_GROUP("Tag listing options"),
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
+			"print only tags that contain the commit",
+			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
+			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
+		},
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_tag_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_tag_usage, 0);
+
+	if (keyid) {
+		sign = 1;
+		set_signingkey(keyid);
+	}
+	if (sign)
+		annotate = 1;
+	if (argc == 0 && !(delete || verify))
+		list = 1;
+
+	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) &&
+	    (list || delete || verify))
+		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
+
+	if (list + delete + verify > 1)
+		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
+	if (list)
+		return list_tags(argv[0], lines == -1 ? 0 : lines,
+				 with_commit);
+	if (lines != -1)
+		die("-n option is only allowed with -l.");
+	if (with_commit)
+		die("--contains option is only allowed with -l.");
+	if (delete)
+		return for_each_tag_name(argv, delete_tag);
+	if (verify)
+		return for_each_tag_name(argv, verify_tag);
+
+	if (msg.given || msgfile) {
+		if (msg.given && msgfile)
+			die("only one -F or -m option is allowed.");
+		annotate = 1;
+		if (msg.given)
+			strbuf_addbuf(&buf, &(msg.buf));
+		else {
+			if (!strcmp(msgfile, "-")) {
+				if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
+					die_errno("cannot read '%s'", msgfile);
+			} else {
+				if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, msgfile, 1024) < 0)
+					die_errno("could not open or read '%s'",
+						msgfile);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	tag = argv[0];
+
+	object_ref = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : "HEAD";
+	if (argc > 2)
+		die("too many params");
+
+	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", object_ref);
+
+	if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/tags/%s", tag) > sizeof(ref) - 1)
+		die("tag name too long: %.*s...", 50, tag);
+	if (check_ref_format(ref))
+		die("'%s' is not a valid tag name.", tag);
+
+	if (!resolve_ref(ref, prev, 1, NULL))
+		hashclr(prev);
+	else if (!force)
+		die("tag '%s' already exists", tag);
+
+	if (annotate)
+		create_tag(object, tag, &buf, msg.given || msgfile,
+			   sign, prev, object);
+
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0);
+	if (!lock)
+		die("%s: cannot lock the ref", ref);
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, object, NULL) < 0)
+		die("%s: cannot update the ref", ref);
+	if (force && hashcmp(prev, object))
+		printf("Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n", tag, find_unique_abbrev(prev, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-tar-tree.c b/builtin-tar-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f1e701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-tar-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Rene Scharfe
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tar.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+static const char tar_tree_usage[] =
+"git tar-tree [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [basedir]\n"
+"*** Note that this command is now deprecated; use \"git archive\" instead.";
+
+static const char builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage[] =
+"git get-tar-commit-id < <tarfile>";
+
+int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	/*
+	 * "git tar-tree" is now a wrapper around "git archive --format=tar"
+	 *
+	 * $0 --remote=<repo> arg... ==>
+	 *	git archive --format=tar --remote=<repo> arg...
+	 * $0 tree-ish ==>
+	 *	git archive --format=tar tree-ish
+	 * $0 tree-ish basedir ==>
+	 * 	git archive --format-tar --prefix=basedir tree-ish
+	 */
+	int i;
+	const char **nargv = xcalloc(sizeof(*nargv), argc + 3);
+	char *basedir_arg;
+	int nargc = 0;
+
+	nargv[nargc++] = "archive";
+	nargv[nargc++] = "--format=tar";
+
+	if (2 <= argc && !prefixcmp(argv[1], "--remote=")) {
+		nargv[nargc++] = argv[1];
+		argv++;
+		argc--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Because it's just a compatibility wrapper, tar-tree supports only
+	 * the old behaviour of reading attributes from the work tree.
+	 */
+	nargv[nargc++] = "--worktree-attributes";
+
+	switch (argc) {
+	default:
+		usage(tar_tree_usage);
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		/* base-path */
+		basedir_arg = xmalloc(strlen(argv[2]) + 11);
+		sprintf(basedir_arg, "--prefix=%s/", argv[2]);
+		nargv[nargc++] = basedir_arg;
+		/* fallthru */
+	case 2:
+		/* tree-ish */
+		nargv[nargc++] = argv[1];
+	}
+	nargv[nargc] = NULL;
+
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"*** \"git tar-tree\" is now deprecated.\n"
+		"*** Running \"git archive\" instead.\n***");
+	for (i = 0; i < nargc; i++) {
+		fputc(' ', stderr);
+		sq_quote_print(stderr, nargv[i]);
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+	return cmd_archive(nargc, nargv, prefix);
+}
+
+/* ustar header + extended global header content */
+#define RECORDSIZE	(512)
+#define HEADERSIZE (2 * RECORDSIZE)
+
+int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	char buffer[HEADERSIZE];
+	struct ustar_header *header = (struct ustar_header *)buffer;
+	char *content = buffer + RECORDSIZE;
+	ssize_t n;
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage(builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage);
+
+	n = read_in_full(0, buffer, HEADERSIZE);
+	if (n < HEADERSIZE)
+		die("git get-tar-commit-id: read error");
+	if (header->typeflag[0] != 'g')
+		return 1;
+	if (memcmp(content, "52 comment=", 11))
+		return 1;
+
+	n = write_in_full(1, content + 11, 41);
+	if (n < 41)
+		die_errno("git get-tar-commit-id: write error");
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-unpack-file.c b/builtin-unpack-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..608590a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-unpack-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static char *create_temp_file(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static char path[50];
+	void *buf;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int fd;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf || type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		die("unable to read blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	strcpy(path, ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
+	fd = xmkstemp(path);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, size) != size)
+		die_errno("unable to write temp-file");
+	close(fd);
+	return path;
+}
+
+int cmd_unpack_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (argc != 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage("git unpack-file <sha1>");
+	if (get_sha1(argv[1], sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[1]);
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	puts(create_temp_file(sha1));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-unpack-objects.c b/builtin-unpack-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..685566e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-unpack-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+static int dry_run, quiet, recover, has_errors, strict;
+static const char unpack_usage[] = "git unpack-objects [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] < pack-file";
+
+/* We always read in 4kB chunks. */
+static unsigned char buffer[4096];
+static unsigned int offset, len;
+static off_t consumed_bytes;
+static git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+
+/*
+ * When running under --strict mode, objects whose reachability are
+ * suspect are kept in core without getting written in the object
+ * store.
+ */
+struct obj_buffer {
+	char *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
+static struct decoration obj_decorate;
+
+static struct obj_buffer *lookup_object_buffer(struct object *base)
+{
+	return lookup_decoration(&obj_decorate, base);
+}
+
+static void add_object_buffer(struct object *object, char *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct obj_buffer *obj;
+	obj = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct obj_buffer));
+	obj->buffer = buffer;
+	obj->size = size;
+	if (add_decoration(&obj_decorate, object, obj))
+		die("object %s tried to add buffer twice!", sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure at least "min" bytes are available in the buffer, and
+ * return the pointer to the buffer.
+ */
+static void *fill(int min)
+{
+	if (min <= len)
+		return buffer + offset;
+	if (min > sizeof(buffer))
+		die("cannot fill %d bytes", min);
+	if (offset) {
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, offset);
+		memmove(buffer, buffer + offset, len);
+		offset = 0;
+	}
+	do {
+		ssize_t ret = xread(0, buffer + len, sizeof(buffer) - len);
+		if (ret <= 0) {
+			if (!ret)
+				die("early EOF");
+			die_errno("read error on input");
+		}
+		len += ret;
+	} while (len < min);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static void use(int bytes)
+{
+	if (bytes > len)
+		die("used more bytes than were available");
+	len -= bytes;
+	offset += bytes;
+
+	/* make sure off_t is sufficiently large not to wrap */
+	if (consumed_bytes > consumed_bytes + bytes)
+		die("pack too large for current definition of off_t");
+	consumed_bytes += bytes;
+}
+
+static void *get_data(unsigned long size)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+
+	stream.next_out = buf;
+	stream.avail_out = size;
+	stream.next_in = fill(1);
+	stream.avail_in = len;
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int ret = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		use(len - stream.avail_in);
+		if (stream.total_out == size && ret == Z_STREAM_END)
+			break;
+		if (ret != Z_OK) {
+			error("inflate returned %d\n", ret);
+			free(buf);
+			buf = NULL;
+			if (!recover)
+				exit(1);
+			has_errors = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+		stream.next_in = fill(1);
+		stream.avail_in = len;
+	}
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+struct delta_info {
+	unsigned char base_sha1[20];
+	unsigned nr;
+	off_t base_offset;
+	unsigned long size;
+	void *delta;
+	struct delta_info *next;
+};
+
+static struct delta_info *delta_list;
+
+static void add_delta_to_list(unsigned nr, unsigned const char *base_sha1,
+			      off_t base_offset,
+			      void *delta, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct delta_info *info = xmalloc(sizeof(*info));
+
+	hashcpy(info->base_sha1, base_sha1);
+	info->base_offset = base_offset;
+	info->size = size;
+	info->delta = delta;
+	info->nr = nr;
+	info->next = delta_list;
+	delta_list = info;
+}
+
+struct obj_info {
+	off_t offset;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object *obj;
+};
+
+#define FLAG_OPEN (1u<<20)
+#define FLAG_WRITTEN (1u<<21)
+
+static struct obj_info *obj_list;
+static unsigned nr_objects;
+
+/*
+ * Called only from check_object() after it verified this object
+ * is Ok.
+ */
+static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct obj_buffer *obj_buf = lookup_object_buffer(obj);
+	if (write_sha1_file(obj_buf->buffer, obj_buf->size, typename(obj->type), sha1) < 0)
+		die("failed to write object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	obj->flags |= FLAG_WRITTEN;
+}
+
+/*
+ * At the very end of the processing, write_rest() scans the objects
+ * that have reachability requirements and calls this function.
+ * Verify its reachability and validity recursively and write it out.
+ */
+static int check_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
+{
+	if (!obj)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (obj->flags & FLAG_WRITTEN)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (type != OBJ_ANY && obj->type != type)
+		die("object type mismatch");
+
+	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_OPEN)) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->sha1, &size);
+		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
+			die("object of unexpected type");
+		obj->flags |= FLAG_WRITTEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+		die("Error in object");
+	if (fsck_walk(obj, check_object, NULL))
+		die("Error on reachable objects of %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	write_cached_object(obj);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_rest(void)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		if (obj_list[i].obj)
+			check_object(obj_list[i].obj, OBJ_ANY, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+static void added_object(unsigned nr, enum object_type type,
+			 void *data, unsigned long size);
+
+/*
+ * Write out nr-th object from the list, now we know the contents
+ * of it.  Under --strict, this buffers structured objects in-core,
+ * to be checked at the end.
+ */
+static void write_object(unsigned nr, enum object_type type,
+			 void *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (!strict) {
+		if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, typename(type), obj_list[nr].sha1) < 0)
+			die("failed to write object");
+		added_object(nr, type, buf, size);
+		free(buf);
+		obj_list[nr].obj = NULL;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		struct blob *blob;
+		if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, typename(type), obj_list[nr].sha1) < 0)
+			die("failed to write object");
+		added_object(nr, type, buf, size);
+		free(buf);
+
+		blob = lookup_blob(obj_list[nr].sha1);
+		if (blob)
+			blob->object.flags |= FLAG_WRITTEN;
+		else
+			die("invalid blob object");
+		obj_list[nr].obj = NULL;
+	} else {
+		struct object *obj;
+		int eaten;
+		hash_sha1_file(buf, size, typename(type), obj_list[nr].sha1);
+		added_object(nr, type, buf, size);
+		obj = parse_object_buffer(obj_list[nr].sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+		if (!obj)
+			die("invalid %s", typename(type));
+		add_object_buffer(obj, buf, size);
+		obj->flags |= FLAG_OPEN;
+		obj_list[nr].obj = obj;
+	}
+}
+
+static void resolve_delta(unsigned nr, enum object_type type,
+			  void *base, unsigned long base_size,
+			  void *delta, unsigned long delta_size)
+{
+	void *result;
+	unsigned long result_size;
+
+	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+			     delta, delta_size,
+			     &result_size);
+	if (!result)
+		die("failed to apply delta");
+	free(delta);
+	write_object(nr, type, result, result_size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We now know the contents of an object (which is nr-th in the pack);
+ * resolve all the deltified objects that are based on it.
+ */
+static void added_object(unsigned nr, enum object_type type,
+			 void *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct delta_info **p = &delta_list;
+	struct delta_info *info;
+
+	while ((info = *p) != NULL) {
+		if (!hashcmp(info->base_sha1, obj_list[nr].sha1) ||
+		    info->base_offset == obj_list[nr].offset) {
+			*p = info->next;
+			p = &delta_list;
+			resolve_delta(info->nr, type, data, size,
+				      info->delta, info->size);
+			free(info);
+			continue;
+		}
+		p = &info->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void unpack_non_delta_entry(enum object_type type, unsigned long size,
+				   unsigned nr)
+{
+	void *buf = get_data(size);
+
+	if (!dry_run && buf)
+		write_object(nr, type, buf, size);
+	else
+		free(buf);
+}
+
+static int resolve_against_held(unsigned nr, const unsigned char *base,
+				void *delta_data, unsigned long delta_size)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	struct obj_buffer *obj_buffer;
+	obj = lookup_object(base);
+	if (!obj)
+		return 0;
+	obj_buffer = lookup_object_buffer(obj);
+	if (!obj_buffer)
+		return 0;
+	resolve_delta(nr, obj->type, obj_buffer->buffer,
+		      obj_buffer->size, delta_data, delta_size);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void unpack_delta_entry(enum object_type type, unsigned long delta_size,
+			       unsigned nr)
+{
+	void *delta_data, *base;
+	unsigned long base_size;
+	unsigned char base_sha1[20];
+
+	if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		hashcpy(base_sha1, fill(20));
+		use(20);
+		delta_data = get_data(delta_size);
+		if (dry_run || !delta_data) {
+			free(delta_data);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (has_sha1_file(base_sha1))
+			; /* Ok we have this one */
+		else if (resolve_against_held(nr, base_sha1,
+					      delta_data, delta_size))
+			return; /* we are done */
+		else {
+			/* cannot resolve yet --- queue it */
+			hashcpy(obj_list[nr].sha1, null_sha1);
+			add_delta_to_list(nr, base_sha1, 0, delta_data, delta_size);
+			return;
+		}
+	} else {
+		unsigned base_found = 0;
+		unsigned char *pack, c;
+		off_t base_offset;
+		unsigned lo, mid, hi;
+
+		pack = fill(1);
+		c = *pack;
+		use(1);
+		base_offset = c & 127;
+		while (c & 128) {
+			base_offset += 1;
+			if (!base_offset || MSB(base_offset, 7))
+				die("offset value overflow for delta base object");
+			pack = fill(1);
+			c = *pack;
+			use(1);
+			base_offset = (base_offset << 7) + (c & 127);
+		}
+		base_offset = obj_list[nr].offset - base_offset;
+		if (base_offset <= 0 || base_offset >= obj_list[nr].offset)
+			die("offset value out of bound for delta base object");
+
+		delta_data = get_data(delta_size);
+		if (dry_run || !delta_data) {
+			free(delta_data);
+			return;
+		}
+		lo = 0;
+		hi = nr;
+		while (lo < hi) {
+			mid = (lo + hi)/2;
+			if (base_offset < obj_list[mid].offset) {
+				hi = mid;
+			} else if (base_offset > obj_list[mid].offset) {
+				lo = mid + 1;
+			} else {
+				hashcpy(base_sha1, obj_list[mid].sha1);
+				base_found = !is_null_sha1(base_sha1);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!base_found) {
+			/*
+			 * The delta base object is itself a delta that
+			 * has not been resolved yet.
+			 */
+			hashcpy(obj_list[nr].sha1, null_sha1);
+			add_delta_to_list(nr, null_sha1, base_offset, delta_data, delta_size);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (resolve_against_held(nr, base_sha1, delta_data, delta_size))
+		return;
+
+	base = read_sha1_file(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+	if (!base) {
+		error("failed to read delta-pack base object %s",
+		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
+		if (!recover)
+			exit(1);
+		has_errors = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+	resolve_delta(nr, type, base, base_size, delta_data, delta_size);
+	free(base);
+}
+
+static void unpack_one(unsigned nr)
+{
+	unsigned shift;
+	unsigned char *pack;
+	unsigned long size, c;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	obj_list[nr].offset = consumed_bytes;
+
+	pack = fill(1);
+	c = *pack;
+	use(1);
+	type = (c >> 4) & 7;
+	size = (c & 15);
+	shift = 4;
+	while (c & 0x80) {
+		pack = fill(1);
+		c = *pack;
+		use(1);
+		size += (c & 0x7f) << shift;
+		shift += 7;
+	}
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		unpack_non_delta_entry(type, size, nr);
+		return;
+	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
+	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
+		unpack_delta_entry(type, size, nr);
+		return;
+	default:
+		error("bad object type %d", type);
+		has_errors = 1;
+		if (recover)
+			return;
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void unpack_all(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct progress *progress = NULL;
+	struct pack_header *hdr = fill(sizeof(struct pack_header));
+
+	nr_objects = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
+
+	if (ntohl(hdr->hdr_signature) != PACK_SIGNATURE)
+		die("bad pack file");
+	if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
+		die("unknown pack file version %"PRIu32,
+			ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));
+	use(sizeof(struct pack_header));
+
+	if (!quiet)
+		progress = start_progress("Unpacking objects", nr_objects);
+	obj_list = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(*obj_list));
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		unpack_one(i);
+		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
+	}
+	stop_progress(&progress);
+
+	if (delta_list)
+		die("unresolved deltas left after unpacking");
+}
+
+int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	read_replace_refs = 0;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	quiet = !isatty(2);
+
+	for (i = 1 ; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+				dry_run = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-q")) {
+				quiet = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
+				recover = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
+				strict = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
+				struct pack_header *hdr;
+				char *c;
+
+				hdr = (struct pack_header *)buffer;
+				hdr->hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
+				hdr->hdr_version = htonl(strtoul(arg + 14, &c, 10));
+				if (*c != ',')
+					die("bad %s", arg);
+				hdr->hdr_entries = htonl(strtoul(c + 1, &c, 10));
+				if (*c)
+					die("bad %s", arg);
+				len = sizeof(*hdr);
+				continue;
+			}
+			usage(unpack_usage);
+		}
+
+		/* We don't take any non-flag arguments now.. Maybe some day */
+		usage(unpack_usage);
+	}
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	unpack_all();
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, offset);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	if (strict)
+		write_rest();
+	if (hashcmp(fill(20), sha1))
+		die("final sha1 did not match");
+	use(20);
+
+	/* Write the last part of the buffer to stdout */
+	while (len) {
+		int ret = xwrite(1, buffer + offset, len);
+		if (ret <= 0)
+			break;
+		len -= ret;
+		offset += ret;
+	}
+
+	/* All done */
+	return has_errors;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-update-index.c b/builtin-update-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab214d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-update-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+
+/*
+ * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
+ * tool doesn't actually care, but this makes it harder to add
+ * files to the revision control by mistake by doing something
+ * like "git update-index *" and suddenly having all the object
+ * files be revision controlled.
+ */
+static int allow_add;
+static int allow_remove;
+static int allow_replace;
+static int info_only;
+static int force_remove;
+static int verbose;
+static int mark_valid_only;
+static int mark_skip_worktree_only;
+#define MARK_FLAG 1
+#define UNMARK_FLAG 2
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static void report(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list vp;
+
+	if (!verbose)
+		return;
+
+	va_start(vp, fmt);
+	vprintf(fmt, vp);
+	putchar('\n');
+	va_end(vp);
+}
+
+static int mark_ce_flags(const char *path, int flag, int mark)
+{
+	int namelen = strlen(path);
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, namelen);
+	if (0 <= pos) {
+		if (mark)
+			active_cache[pos]->ce_flags |= flag;
+		else
+			active_cache[pos]->ce_flags &= ~flag;
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
+		active_cache_changed = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int remove_one_path(const char *path)
+{
+	if (!allow_remove)
+		return error("%s: does not exist and --remove not passed", path);
+	if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
+		return error("%s: cannot remove from the index", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle a path that couldn't be lstat'ed. It's either:
+ *  - missing file (ENOENT or ENOTDIR). That's ok if we're
+ *    supposed to be removing it and the removal actually
+ *    succeeds.
+ *  - permission error. That's never ok.
+ */
+static int process_lstat_error(const char *path, int err)
+{
+	if (err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR)
+		return remove_one_path(path);
+	return error("lstat(\"%s\"): %s", path, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
+{
+	int option, size;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	/* Was the old index entry already up-to-date? */
+	if (old && !ce_stage(old) && !ce_match_stat(old, st, 0))
+		return 0;
+
+	size = cache_entry_size(len);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
+	ce->ce_flags = len;
+	fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
+	ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(old, st->st_mode);
+
+	if (index_path(ce->sha1, path, st, !info_only))
+		return -1;
+	option = allow_add ? ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD : 0;
+	option |= allow_replace ? ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE : 0;
+	if (add_cache_entry(ce, option))
+		return error("%s: cannot add to the index - missing --add option?", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle a path that was a directory. Four cases:
+ *
+ *  - it's already a gitlink in the index, and we keep it that
+ *    way, and update it if we can (if we cannot find the HEAD,
+ *    we're going to keep it unchanged in the index!)
+ *
+ *  - it's a *file* in the index, in which case it should be
+ *    removed as a file if removal is allowed, since it doesn't
+ *    exist as such any more. If removal isn't allowed, it's
+ *    an error.
+ *
+ *    (NOTE! This is old and arguably fairly strange behaviour.
+ *    We might want to make this an error unconditionally, and
+ *    use "--force-remove" if you actually want to force removal).
+ *
+ *  - it used to exist as a subdirectory (ie multiple files with
+ *    this particular prefix) in the index, in which case it's wrong
+ *    to try to update it as a directory.
+ *
+ *  - it doesn't exist at all in the index, but it is a valid
+ *    git directory, and it should be *added* as a gitlink.
+ */
+static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
+
+	/* Exact match: file or existing gitlink */
+	if (pos >= 0) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+
+			/* Do nothing to the index if there is no HEAD! */
+			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(path, "HEAD", sha1) < 0)
+				return 0;
+
+			return add_one_path(ce, path, len, st);
+		}
+		/* Should this be an unconditional error? */
+		return remove_one_path(path);
+	}
+
+	/* Inexact match: is there perhaps a subdirectory match? */
+	pos = -pos-1;
+	while (pos < active_nr) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+
+		if (strncmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			break;
+		if (ce->name[len] > '/')
+			break;
+		if (ce->name[len] < '/')
+			continue;
+
+		/* Subdirectory match - error out */
+		return error("%s: is a directory - add individual files instead", path);
+	}
+
+	/* No match - should we add it as a gitlink? */
+	if (!resolve_gitlink_ref(path, "HEAD", sha1))
+		return add_one_path(NULL, path, len, st);
+
+	/* Error out. */
+	return error("%s: is a directory - add files inside instead", path);
+}
+
+static int process_path(const char *path)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
+		return error("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link", path);
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
+	ce = pos < 0 ? NULL : active_cache[pos];
+	if (ce && ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		/*
+		 * working directory version is assumed "good"
+		 * so updating it does not make sense.
+		 * On the other hand, removing it from index should work
+		 */
+		if (allow_remove && remove_file_from_cache(path))
+			return error("%s: cannot remove from the index", path);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * First things first: get the stat information, to decide
+	 * what to do about the pathname!
+	 */
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return process_lstat_error(path, errno);
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+		return process_directory(path, len, &st);
+
+	/*
+	 * Process a regular file
+	 */
+	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+		return error("%s is already a gitlink, not replacing", path);
+
+	return add_one_path(ce, path, len, &st);
+}
+
+static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			 const char *path, int stage)
+{
+	int size, len, option;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (!verify_path(path))
+		return error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	size = cache_entry_size(len);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+	if (assume_unchanged)
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
+	option = allow_add ? ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD : 0;
+	option |= allow_replace ? ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE : 0;
+	if (add_cache_entry(ce, option))
+		return error("%s: cannot add to the index - missing --add option?",
+			     path);
+	report("add '%s'", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void chmod_path(int flip, const char *path)
+{
+	int pos;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	unsigned int mode;
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
+	if (pos < 0)
+		goto fail;
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	mode = ce->ce_mode;
+	if (!S_ISREG(mode))
+		goto fail;
+	switch (flip) {
+	case '+':
+		ce->ce_mode |= 0111; break;
+	case '-':
+		ce->ce_mode &= ~0111; break;
+	default:
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
+	active_cache_changed = 1;
+	report("chmod %cx '%s'", flip, path);
+	return;
+ fail:
+	die("git update-index: cannot chmod %cx '%s'", flip, path);
+}
+
+static void update_one(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+{
+	const char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
+	if (!verify_path(p)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring path %s\n", path);
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+	if (mark_valid_only) {
+		if (mark_ce_flags(p, CE_VALID, mark_valid_only == MARK_FLAG))
+			die("Unable to mark file %s", path);
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+	if (mark_skip_worktree_only) {
+		if (mark_ce_flags(p, CE_SKIP_WORKTREE, mark_skip_worktree_only == MARK_FLAG))
+			die("Unable to mark file %s", path);
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+
+	if (force_remove) {
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(p))
+			die("git update-index: unable to remove %s", path);
+		report("remove '%s'", path);
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+	if (process_path(p))
+		die("Unable to process path %s", path);
+	report("add '%s'", path);
+ free_return:
+	if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
+		free((char *)p);
+}
+
+static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+		char *ptr, *tab;
+		char *path_name;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		unsigned int mode;
+		unsigned long ul;
+		int stage;
+
+		/* This reads lines formatted in one of three formats:
+		 *
+		 * (1) mode         SP sha1          TAB path
+		 * The first format is what "git apply --index-info"
+		 * reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
+		 * that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
+		 * back on 3-way merge.
+		 *
+		 * (2) mode SP type SP sha1          TAB path
+		 * The second format is to stuff "git ls-tree" output
+		 * into the index file.
+		 *
+		 * (3) mode         SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
+		 * This format is to put higher order stages into the
+		 * index file and matches "git ls-files --stage" output.
+		 */
+		errno = 0;
+		ul = strtoul(buf.buf, &ptr, 8);
+		if (ptr == buf.buf || *ptr != ' '
+		    || errno || (unsigned int) ul != ul)
+			goto bad_line;
+		mode = ul;
+
+		tab = strchr(ptr, '\t');
+		if (!tab || tab - ptr < 41)
+			goto bad_line;
+
+		if (tab[-2] == ' ' && '0' <= tab[-1] && tab[-1] <= '3') {
+			stage = tab[-1] - '0';
+			ptr = tab + 1; /* point at the head of path */
+			tab = tab - 2; /* point at tail of sha1 */
+		}
+		else {
+			stage = 0;
+			ptr = tab + 1; /* point at the head of path */
+		}
+
+		if (get_sha1_hex(tab - 40, sha1) || tab[-41] != ' ')
+			goto bad_line;
+
+		path_name = ptr;
+		if (line_termination && path_name[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&uq);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&uq, path_name, NULL)) {
+				die("git update-index: bad quoting of path name");
+			}
+			path_name = uq.buf;
+		}
+
+		if (!verify_path(path_name)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring path %s\n", path_name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!mode) {
+			/* mode == 0 means there is no such path -- remove */
+			if (remove_file_from_cache(path_name))
+				die("git update-index: unable to remove %s",
+				    ptr);
+		}
+		else {
+			/* mode ' ' sha1 '\t' name
+			 * ptr[-1] points at tab,
+			 * ptr[-41] is at the beginning of sha1
+			 */
+			ptr[-42] = ptr[-1] = 0;
+			if (add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, path_name, stage))
+				die("git update-index: unable to update %s",
+				    path_name);
+		}
+		continue;
+
+	bad_line:
+		die("malformed index info %s", buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&uq);
+}
+
+static const char update_index_usage[] =
+"git update-index [-q] [--add] [--replace] [--remove] [--unmerged] [--refresh] [--really-refresh] [--cacheinfo] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--assume-unchanged] [--skip-worktree|--no-skip-worktree] [--info-only] [--force-remove] [--stdin] [--index-info] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] [--ignore-missing] [-z] [--verbose] [--] <file>...";
+
+static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+static unsigned char merge_head_sha1[20];
+
+static struct cache_entry *read_one_ent(const char *which,
+					unsigned char *ent, const char *path,
+					int namelen, int stage)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int size;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (get_tree_entry(ent, path, sha1, &mode)) {
+		if (which)
+			error("%s: not in %s branch.", path, which);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (mode == S_IFDIR) {
+		if (which)
+			error("%s: not a blob in %s branch.", path, which);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(namelen, stage);
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+	return ce;
+}
+
+static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
+{
+	int namelen = strlen(path);
+	int pos;
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct cache_entry *ce_2 = NULL, *ce_3 = NULL;
+
+	/* See if there is such entry in the index. */
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, namelen);
+	if (0 <= pos) {
+		/* already merged */
+		pos = unmerge_cache_entry_at(pos);
+		if (pos < active_nr) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			if (ce_stage(ce) &&
+			    ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
+			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen))
+				return 0;
+		}
+		/* no resolve-undo information; fall back */
+	} else {
+		/* If there isn't, either it is unmerged, or
+		 * resolved as "removed" by mistake.  We do not
+		 * want to do anything in the former case.
+		 */
+		pos = -pos-1;
+		if (pos < active_nr) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
+			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen)) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"%s: skipping still unmerged path.\n",
+					path);
+				goto free_return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Grab blobs from given path from HEAD and MERGE_HEAD,
+	 * stuff HEAD version in stage #2,
+	 * stuff MERGE_HEAD version in stage #3.
+	 */
+	ce_2 = read_one_ent("our", head_sha1, path, namelen, 2);
+	ce_3 = read_one_ent("their", merge_head_sha1, path, namelen, 3);
+
+	if (!ce_2 || !ce_3) {
+		ret = -1;
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+	if (!hashcmp(ce_2->sha1, ce_3->sha1) &&
+	    ce_2->ce_mode == ce_3->ce_mode) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: identical in both, skipping.\n",
+			path);
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+
+	remove_file_from_cache(path);
+	if (add_cache_entry(ce_2, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
+		error("%s: cannot add our version to the index.", path);
+		ret = -1;
+		goto free_return;
+	}
+	if (!add_cache_entry(ce_3, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
+		return 0;
+	error("%s: cannot add their version to the index.", path);
+	ret = -1;
+ free_return:
+	free(ce_2);
+	free(ce_3);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void read_head_pointers(void)
+{
+	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
+		die("No HEAD -- no initial commit yet?");
+	if (read_ref("MERGE_HEAD", merge_head_sha1)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Not in the middle of a merge.\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+}
+
+static int do_unresolve(int ac, const char **av,
+			const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+{
+	int i;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	/* Read HEAD and MERGE_HEAD; if MERGE_HEAD does not exist, we
+	 * are not doing a merge, so exit with success status.
+	 */
+	read_head_pointers();
+
+	for (i = 1; i < ac; i++) {
+		const char *arg = av[i];
+		const char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
+		err |= unresolve_one(p);
+		if (p < arg || p > arg + strlen(arg))
+			free((char *)p);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
+		       const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+{
+	/* Read HEAD and run update-index on paths that are
+	 * merged and already different between index and HEAD.
+	 */
+	int pos;
+	int has_head = 1;
+	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, av + 1);
+
+	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
+		/* If there is no HEAD, that means it is an initial
+		 * commit.  Update everything in the index.
+		 */
+		has_head = 0;
+ redo:
+	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		struct cache_entry *old = NULL;
+		int save_nr;
+
+		if (ce_stage(ce) || !ce_path_match(ce, pathspec))
+			continue;
+		if (has_head)
+			old = read_one_ent(NULL, head_sha1,
+					   ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0);
+		if (old && ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
+		    !hashcmp(ce->sha1, old->sha1)) {
+			free(old);
+			continue; /* unchanged */
+		}
+		/* Be careful.  The working tree may not have the
+		 * path anymore, in which case, under 'allow_remove',
+		 * or worse yet 'allow_replace', active_nr may decrease.
+		 */
+		save_nr = active_nr;
+		update_one(ce->name + prefix_length, prefix, prefix_length);
+		if (save_nr != active_nr)
+			goto redo;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
+	int allow_options = 1;
+	int read_from_stdin = 0;
+	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	char set_executable_bit = 0;
+	unsigned int refresh_flags = 0;
+	int lock_error = 0;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	/* We can't free this memory, it becomes part of a linked list parsed atexit() */
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 0);
+	if (newfd < 0)
+		lock_error = errno;
+
+	entries = read_cache();
+	if (entries < 0)
+		die("cache corrupted");
+
+	for (i = 1 ; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *path = argv[i];
+		const char *p;
+
+		if (allow_options && *path == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--")) {
+				allow_options = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "-q")) {
+				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_QUIET;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--ignore-submodules")) {
+				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--add")) {
+				allow_add = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--replace")) {
+				allow_replace = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--remove")) {
+				allow_remove = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--unmerged")) {
+				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--refresh")) {
+				setup_work_tree();
+				has_errors |= refresh_cache(refresh_flags);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--really-refresh")) {
+				setup_work_tree();
+				has_errors |= refresh_cache(REFRESH_REALLY | refresh_flags);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--cacheinfo")) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				unsigned int mode;
+
+				if (i+3 >= argc)
+					die("git update-index: --cacheinfo <mode> <sha1> <path>");
+
+				if (strtoul_ui(argv[i+1], 8, &mode) ||
+				    get_sha1_hex(argv[i+2], sha1) ||
+				    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, argv[i+3], 0))
+					die("git update-index: --cacheinfo"
+					    " cannot add %s", argv[i+3]);
+				i += 3;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--chmod=-x") ||
+			    !strcmp(path, "--chmod=+x")) {
+				if (argc <= i+1)
+					die("git update-index: %s <path>", path);
+				set_executable_bit = path[8];
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--assume-unchanged")) {
+				mark_valid_only = MARK_FLAG;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--no-assume-unchanged")) {
+				mark_valid_only = UNMARK_FLAG;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--no-skip-worktree")) {
+				mark_skip_worktree_only = UNMARK_FLAG;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--skip-worktree")) {
+				mark_skip_worktree_only = MARK_FLAG;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--info-only")) {
+				info_only = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--force-remove")) {
+				force_remove = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "-z")) {
+				line_termination = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--stdin")) {
+				if (i != argc - 1)
+					die("--stdin must be at the end");
+				read_from_stdin = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--index-info")) {
+				if (i != argc - 1)
+					die("--index-info must be at the end");
+				allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
+				read_index_info(line_termination);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--unresolve")) {
+				has_errors = do_unresolve(argc - i, argv + i,
+							  prefix, prefix_length);
+				if (has_errors)
+					active_cache_changed = 0;
+				goto finish;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--again") || !strcmp(path, "-g")) {
+				setup_work_tree();
+				has_errors = do_reupdate(argc - i, argv + i,
+							 prefix, prefix_length);
+				if (has_errors)
+					active_cache_changed = 0;
+				goto finish;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--ignore-missing")) {
+				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--verbose")) {
+				verbose = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "--clear-resolve-undo")) {
+				resolve_undo_clear();
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(path, "-h") || !strcmp(path, "--help"))
+				usage(update_index_usage);
+			die("unknown option %s", path);
+		}
+		setup_work_tree();
+		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
+		update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+		if (set_executable_bit)
+			chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
+		if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
+			free((char *)p);
+	}
+	if (read_from_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		setup_work_tree();
+		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+				strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+				if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+					die("line is badly quoted");
+				strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+			}
+			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, buf.buf);
+			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			if (set_executable_bit)
+				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
+			if (p < buf.buf || p > buf.buf + buf.len)
+				free((char *)p);
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+ finish:
+	if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (newfd < 0) {
+			if (refresh_flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
+				exit(128);
+			unable_to_lock_index_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
+		}
+		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	}
+
+	rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
+
+	return has_errors ? 1 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-update-ref.c b/builtin-update-ref.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76ba1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-update-ref.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
+	"git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]",
+	"git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *refname, *oldval, *msg=NULL;
+	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
+	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, flags = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "deletes the reference"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
+					"update <refname> not the one it points to"),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_update_ref_usage,
+			     0);
+	if (msg && !*msg)
+		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message.");
+
+	if (delete) {
+		if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
+			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+		refname = argv[0];
+		oldval = argv[1];
+	} else {
+		const char *value;
+		if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+		refname = argv[0];
+		value = argv[1];
+		oldval = argv[2];
+		if (get_sha1(value, sha1))
+			die("%s: not a valid SHA1", value);
+	}
+
+	hashclr(oldsha1); /* all-zero hash in case oldval is the empty string */
+	if (oldval && *oldval && get_sha1(oldval, oldsha1))
+		die("%s: not a valid old SHA1", oldval);
+
+	if (no_deref)
+		flags = REF_NODEREF;
+	if (delete)
+		return delete_ref(refname, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL, flags);
+	else
+		return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL,
+				  flags, DIE_ON_ERR);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-update-server-info.c b/builtin-update-server-info.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b3fddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-update-server-info.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const update_server_info_usage[] = {
+	"git update-server-info [--force]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int force = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
+			"update the info files from scratch"),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     update_server_info_usage, 0);
+	if (argc > 0)
+		usage_with_options(update_server_info_usage, options);
+
+	return !!update_server_info(force);
+}
diff --git a/builtin-upload-archive.c b/builtin-upload-archive.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73f788e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-upload-archive.c
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 Franck Bui-Huu
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "archive.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+
+static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
+	"git upload-archive <repo>";
+
+static const char deadchild[] =
+"git upload-archive: archiver died with error";
+
+static const char lostchild[] =
+"git upload-archive: archiver process was lost";
+
+#define MAX_ARGS (64)
+
+static int run_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *sent_argv[MAX_ARGS];
+	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
+	char *p, buf[4096];
+	int sent_argc;
+	int len;
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		usage(upload_archive_usage);
+
+	if (strlen(argv[1]) + 1 > sizeof(buf))
+		die("insanely long repository name");
+
+	strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* enter-repo smudges its argument */
+
+	if (!enter_repo(buf, 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", buf);
+
+	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
+	sent_argc = 1;
+	sent_argv[0] = "git-upload-archive";
+	for (p = buf;;) {
+		/* This will die if not enough free space in buf */
+		len = packet_read_line(0, p, (buf + sizeof buf) - p);
+		if (len == 0)
+			break;	/* got a flush */
+		if (sent_argc > MAX_ARGS - 2)
+			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 2);
+
+		if (p[len-1] == '\n') {
+			p[--len] = 0;
+		}
+		if (len < strlen(arg_cmd) ||
+		    strncmp(arg_cmd, p, strlen(arg_cmd)))
+			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
+
+		len -= strlen(arg_cmd);
+		memmove(p, p + strlen(arg_cmd), len);
+		sent_argv[sent_argc++] = p;
+		p += len;
+		*p++ = 0;
+	}
+	sent_argv[sent_argc] = NULL;
+
+	/* parse all options sent by the client */
+	return write_archive(sent_argc, sent_argv, prefix, 0);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static void error_clnt(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	va_list params;
+	int len;
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	len = vsprintf(buf, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	send_sideband(1, 3, buf, len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+	die("sent error to the client: %s", buf);
+}
+
+static ssize_t process_input(int child_fd, int band)
+{
+	char buf[16384];
+	ssize_t sz = read(child_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (sz < 0) {
+		if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR)
+			error_clnt("read error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return sz;
+	}
+	send_sideband(1, band, buf, sz, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+	return sz;
+}
+
+int cmd_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	pid_t writer;
+	int fd1[2], fd2[2];
+	/*
+	 * Set up sideband subprocess.
+	 *
+	 * We (parent) monitor and read from child, sending its fd#1 and fd#2
+	 * multiplexed out to our fd#1.  If the child dies, we tell the other
+	 * end over channel #3.
+	 */
+	if (pipe(fd1) < 0 || pipe(fd2) < 0) {
+		int err = errno;
+		packet_write(1, "NACK pipe failed on the remote side\n");
+		die("upload-archive: %s", strerror(err));
+	}
+	writer = fork();
+	if (writer < 0) {
+		int err = errno;
+		packet_write(1, "NACK fork failed on the remote side\n");
+		die("upload-archive: %s", strerror(err));
+	}
+	if (!writer) {
+		/* child - connect fd#1 and fd#2 to the pipe */
+		dup2(fd1[1], 1);
+		dup2(fd2[1], 2);
+		close(fd1[1]); close(fd2[1]);
+		close(fd1[0]); close(fd2[0]); /* we do not read from pipe */
+
+		exit(run_upload_archive(argc, argv, prefix));
+	}
+
+	/* parent - read from child, multiplex and send out to fd#1 */
+	close(fd1[1]); close(fd2[1]); /* we do not write to pipe */
+	packet_write(1, "ACK\n");
+	packet_flush(1);
+
+	while (1) {
+		struct pollfd pfd[2];
+		int status;
+
+		pfd[0].fd = fd1[0];
+		pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
+		pfd[1].fd = fd2[0];
+		pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
+		if (poll(pfd, 2, -1) < 0) {
+			if (errno != EINTR) {
+				error("poll failed resuming: %s",
+				      strerror(errno));
+				sleep(1);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (pfd[1].revents & POLLIN)
+			/* Status stream ready */
+			if (process_input(pfd[1].fd, 2))
+				continue;
+		if (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN)
+			/* Data stream ready */
+			if (process_input(pfd[0].fd, 1))
+				continue;
+
+		if (waitpid(writer, &status, 0) < 0)
+			error_clnt("%s", lostchild);
+		else if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) > 0)
+			error_clnt("%s", deadchild);
+		packet_flush(1);
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-var.c b/builtin-var.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2280518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-var.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Eric Biederman, 2005
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static const char var_usage[] = "git var [-l | <variable>]";
+
+static const char *editor(int flag)
+{
+	const char *pgm = git_editor();
+
+	if (!pgm && flag & IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME)
+		die("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
+
+	return pgm;
+}
+
+static const char *pager(int flag)
+{
+	const char *pgm = git_pager();
+
+	if (!pgm)
+		pgm = "cat";
+	return pgm;
+}
+
+struct git_var {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *(*read)(int);
+};
+static struct git_var git_vars[] = {
+	{ "GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT", git_committer_info },
+	{ "GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT",   git_author_info },
+	{ "GIT_EDITOR", editor },
+	{ "GIT_PAGER", pager },
+	{ "", NULL },
+};
+
+static void list_vars(void)
+{
+	struct git_var *ptr;
+	const char *val;
+
+	for (ptr = git_vars; ptr->read; ptr++)
+		if ((val = ptr->read(0)))
+			printf("%s=%s\n", ptr->name, val);
+}
+
+static const char *read_var(const char *var)
+{
+	struct git_var *ptr;
+	const char *val;
+	val = NULL;
+	for (ptr = git_vars; ptr->read; ptr++) {
+		if (strcmp(var, ptr->name) == 0) {
+			val = ptr->read(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return val;
+}
+
+static int show_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (value)
+		printf("%s=%s\n", var, value);
+	else
+		printf("%s\n", var);
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int cmd_var(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *val;
+	int nongit;
+	if (argc != 2) {
+		usage(var_usage);
+	}
+
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	val = NULL;
+
+	if (strcmp(argv[1], "-l") == 0) {
+		git_config(show_config, NULL);
+		list_vars();
+		return 0;
+	}
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	val = read_var(argv[1]);
+	if (!val)
+		usage(var_usage);
+
+	printf("%s\n", val);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-verify-pack.c b/builtin-verify-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6079ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-verify-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+#define MAX_CHAIN 50
+
+#define VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE 01
+#define VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY 02
+
+static void show_pack_info(struct packed_git *p, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uint32_t nr_objects, i;
+	int cnt;
+	int stat_only = flags & VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY;
+	unsigned long chain_histogram[MAX_CHAIN+1], baseobjects;
+
+	nr_objects = p->num_objects;
+	memset(chain_histogram, 0, sizeof(chain_histogram));
+	baseobjects = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		unsigned char base_sha1[20];
+		const char *type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		unsigned long store_size;
+		off_t offset;
+		unsigned int delta_chain_length;
+
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+		if (!sha1)
+			die("internal error pack-check nth-packed-object");
+		offset = nth_packed_object_offset(p, i);
+		type = packed_object_info_detail(p, offset, &size, &store_size,
+						 &delta_chain_length,
+						 base_sha1);
+		if (!stat_only)
+			printf("%s ", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (!delta_chain_length) {
+			if (!stat_only)
+				printf("%-6s %lu %lu %"PRIuMAX"\n",
+				       type, size, store_size, (uintmax_t)offset);
+			baseobjects++;
+		}
+		else {
+			if (!stat_only)
+				printf("%-6s %lu %lu %"PRIuMAX" %u %s\n",
+				       type, size, store_size, (uintmax_t)offset,
+				       delta_chain_length, sha1_to_hex(base_sha1));
+			if (delta_chain_length <= MAX_CHAIN)
+				chain_histogram[delta_chain_length]++;
+			else
+				chain_histogram[0]++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (baseobjects)
+		printf("non delta: %lu object%s\n",
+		       baseobjects, baseobjects > 1 ? "s" : "");
+
+	for (cnt = 1; cnt <= MAX_CHAIN; cnt++) {
+		if (!chain_histogram[cnt])
+			continue;
+		printf("chain length = %d: %lu object%s\n", cnt,
+		       chain_histogram[cnt],
+		       chain_histogram[cnt] > 1 ? "s" : "");
+	}
+	if (chain_histogram[0])
+		printf("chain length > %d: %lu object%s\n", MAX_CHAIN,
+		       chain_histogram[0],
+		       chain_histogram[0] > 1 ? "s" : "");
+}
+
+static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	char arg[PATH_MAX];
+	int len;
+	int verbose = flags & VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE;
+	int stat_only = flags & VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY;
+	struct packed_git *pack;
+	int err;
+
+	len = strlcpy(arg, path, PATH_MAX);
+	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+		return error("name too long: %s", path);
+
+	/*
+	 * In addition to "foo.idx" we accept "foo.pack" and "foo";
+	 * normalize these forms to "foo.idx" for add_packed_git().
+	 */
+	if (has_extension(arg, ".pack")) {
+		strcpy(arg + len - 5, ".idx");
+		len--;
+	} else if (!has_extension(arg, ".idx")) {
+		if (len + 4 >= PATH_MAX)
+			return error("name too long: %s.idx", arg);
+		strcpy(arg + len, ".idx");
+		len += 4;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * add_packed_git() uses our buffer (containing "foo.idx") to
+	 * build the pack filename ("foo.pack").  Make sure it fits.
+	 */
+	if (len + 1 >= PATH_MAX) {
+		arg[len - 4] = '\0';
+		return error("name too long: %s.pack", arg);
+	}
+
+	pack = add_packed_git(arg, len, 1);
+	if (!pack)
+		return error("packfile %s not found.", arg);
+
+	install_packed_git(pack);
+
+	if (!stat_only)
+		err = verify_pack(pack);
+	else
+		err = open_pack_index(pack);
+
+	if (verbose || stat_only) {
+		if (err)
+			printf("%s: bad\n", pack->pack_name);
+		else {
+			show_pack_info(pack, flags);
+			if (!stat_only)
+				printf("%s: ok\n", pack->pack_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const char * const verify_pack_usage[] = {
+	"git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>...",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_verify_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
+	int i;
+	const struct option verify_pack_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, "verbose",
+			VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, "show statistics only",
+			VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, verify_pack_options,
+			     verify_pack_usage, 0);
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage_with_options(verify_pack_usage, verify_pack_options);
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (verify_one_pack(argv[i], flags))
+			err = 1;
+		discard_revindex();
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-verify-tag.c b/builtin-verify-tag.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f482c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-verify-tag.c
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git verify-tag"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Based on git-verify-tag.sh
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const verify_tag_usage[] = {
+		"git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>...",
+		NULL
+};
+
+#define PGP_SIGNATURE "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----"
+
+static int run_gpg_verify(const char *buf, unsigned long size, int verbose)
+{
+	struct child_process gpg;
+	const char *args_gpg[] = {"gpg", "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
+	char path[PATH_MAX], *eol;
+	size_t len;
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = git_mkstemp(path, PATH_MAX, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return error("could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
+						path, strerror(errno));
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, size) < 0)
+		return error("failed writing temporary file '%s': %s",
+						path, strerror(errno));
+	close(fd);
+
+	/* find the length without signature */
+	len = 0;
+	while (len < size && prefixcmp(buf + len, PGP_SIGNATURE)) {
+		eol = memchr(buf + len, '\n', size - len);
+		len += eol ? eol - (buf + len) + 1 : size - len;
+	}
+	if (verbose)
+		write_in_full(1, buf, len);
+
+	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
+	gpg.argv = args_gpg;
+	gpg.in = -1;
+	args_gpg[2] = path;
+	if (start_command(&gpg)) {
+		unlink(path);
+		return error("could not run gpg.");
+	}
+
+	write_in_full(gpg.in, buf, len);
+	close(gpg.in);
+	ret = finish_command(&gpg);
+
+	unlink_or_warn(path);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+		return error("tag '%s' not found.", name);
+
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type != OBJ_TAG)
+		return error("%s: cannot verify a non-tag object of type %s.",
+				name, typename(type));
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("%s: unable to read file.", name);
+
+	ret = run_gpg_verify(buf, size, verbose);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
+	const struct option verify_tag_options[] = {
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, verify_tag_options,
+			     verify_tag_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	if (argc <= i)
+		usage_with_options(verify_tag_usage, verify_tag_options);
+
+	/* sometimes the program was terminated because this signal
+	 * was received in the process of writing the gpg input: */
+	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+	while (i < argc)
+		if (verify_tag(argv[i++], verbose))
+			had_error = 1;
+	return had_error;
+}
diff --git a/builtin-write-tree.c b/builtin-write-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b223af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin-write-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static const char * const write_tree_usage[] = {
+	"git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
+{
+	int flags = 0, ret;
+	const char *prefix = NULL;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *me = "git-write-tree";
+	struct option write_tree_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, "allow missing objects",
+			WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, "<prefix>/",
+		  "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>" ,
+		  PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
+		{ OPTION_BIT, 0, "ignore-cache-tree", &flags, NULL,
+		  "only useful for debugging",
+		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL,
+		  WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE },
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, unused_prefix, write_tree_options,
+			     write_tree_usage, 0);
+
+	ret = write_cache_as_tree(sha1, flags, prefix);
+	switch (ret) {
+	case 0:
+		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		break;
+	case WRITE_TREE_UNREADABLE_INDEX:
+		die("%s: error reading the index", me);
+		break;
+	case WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX:
+		die("%s: error building trees", me);
+		break;
+	case WRITE_TREE_PREFIX_ERROR:
+		die("%s: prefix %s not found", me, prefix);
+		break;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8202f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#ifndef BUILTIN_H
+#define BUILTIN_H
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+
+extern const char git_version_string[];
+extern const char git_usage_string[];
+extern const char git_more_info_string[];
+
+extern void list_common_cmds_help(void);
+extern const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd);
+extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
+extern int fmt_merge_msg(int merge_summary, struct strbuf *in,
+	struct strbuf *out);
+extern int commit_tree(const char *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+		struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
+		const char *author);
+extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
+
+extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_bisect__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_http_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge_ours(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge_recursive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_merge_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_mktag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_mktree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_pack_redundant(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_pickaxe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_revert(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_show_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_unpack_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_var(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_verify_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_pack_refs(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_replace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff97adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "bundle.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+static const char bundle_signature[] = "# v2 git bundle\n";
+
+static void add_to_ref_list(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name,
+		struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	if (list->nr + 1 >= list->alloc) {
+		list->alloc = alloc_nr(list->nr + 1);
+		list->list = xrealloc(list->list,
+				list->alloc * sizeof(list->list[0]));
+	}
+	memcpy(list->list[list->nr].sha1, sha1, 20);
+	list->list[list->nr].name = xstrdup(name);
+	list->nr++;
+}
+
+/* returns an fd */
+int read_bundle_header(const char *path, struct bundle_header *header)
+{
+	char buffer[1024];
+	int fd;
+	long fpos;
+	FILE *ffd = fopen(path, "rb");
+
+	if (!ffd)
+		return error("could not open '%s'", path);
+	if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), ffd) ||
+			strcmp(buffer, bundle_signature)) {
+		fclose(ffd);
+		return error("'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file", path);
+	}
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), ffd)
+			&& buffer[0] != '\n') {
+		int is_prereq = buffer[0] == '-';
+		int offset = is_prereq ? 1 : 0;
+		int len = strlen(buffer);
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct ref_list *list = is_prereq ? &header->prerequisites
+			: &header->references;
+		char delim;
+
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[len - 1] = '\0';
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer + offset, sha1)) {
+			warning("unrecognized header: %s", buffer);
+			continue;
+		}
+		delim = buffer[40 + offset];
+		if (!isspace(delim) && (delim != '\0' || !is_prereq))
+			die ("invalid header: %s", buffer);
+		add_to_ref_list(sha1, isspace(delim) ?
+				buffer + 41 + offset : "", list);
+	}
+	fpos = ftell(ffd);
+	fclose(ffd);
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return error("could not open '%s'", path);
+	lseek(fd, fpos, SEEK_SET);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+static int list_refs(struct ref_list *r, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < r->nr; i++) {
+		if (argc > 1) {
+			int j;
+			for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
+				if (!strcmp(r->list[i].name, argv[j]))
+					break;
+			if (j == argc)
+				continue;
+		}
+		printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(r->list[i].sha1),
+				r->list[i].name);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define PREREQ_MARK (1u<<16)
+
+int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Do fast check, then if any prereqs are missing then go line by line
+	 * to be verbose about the errors
+	 */
+	struct ref_list *p = &header->prerequisites;
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	const char *argv[] = {NULL, "--all", NULL};
+	struct object_array refs;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int i, ret = 0, req_nr;
+	const char *message = "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:";
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < p->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_list_entry *e = p->list + i;
+		struct object *o = parse_object(e->sha1);
+		if (o) {
+			o->flags |= PREREQ_MARK;
+			add_pending_object(&revs, o, e->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (++ret == 1)
+			error("%s", message);
+		error("%s %s", sha1_to_hex(e->sha1), e->name);
+	}
+	if (revs.pending.nr != p->nr)
+		return ret;
+	req_nr = revs.pending.nr;
+	setup_revisions(2, argv, &revs, NULL);
+
+	memset(&refs, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = revs.pending.objects + i;
+		add_object_array(e->item, e->name, &refs);
+	}
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	i = req_nr;
+	while (i && (commit = get_revision(&revs)))
+		if (commit->object.flags & PREREQ_MARK)
+			i--;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < req_nr; i++)
+		if (!(refs.objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)) {
+			if (++ret == 1)
+				error("%s", message);
+			error("%s %s", sha1_to_hex(refs.objects[i].item->sha1),
+				refs.objects[i].name);
+		}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < refs.nr; i++)
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)refs.objects[i].item, -1);
+
+	if (verbose) {
+		struct ref_list *r;
+
+		r = &header->references;
+		printf("The bundle contains %d ref%s\n",
+		       r->nr, (1 < r->nr) ? "s" : "");
+		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		r = &header->prerequisites;
+		printf("The bundle requires these %d ref%s\n",
+		       r->nr, (1 < r->nr) ? "s" : "");
+		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int list_bundle_refs(struct bundle_header *header, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	return list_refs(&header->references, argc, argv);
+}
+
+static int is_tag_in_date_range(struct object *tag, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf, *line, *lineend;
+	unsigned long date;
+
+	if (revs->max_age == -1 && revs->min_age == -1)
+		return 1;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return 1;
+	line = memmem(buf, size, "\ntagger ", 8);
+	if (!line++)
+		return 1;
+	lineend = memchr(line, buf + size - line, '\n');
+	line = memchr(line, lineend ? lineend - line : buf + size - line, '>');
+	if (!line++)
+		return 1;
+	date = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	free(buf);
+	return (revs->max_age == -1 || revs->max_age < date) &&
+		(revs->min_age == -1 || revs->min_age > date);
+}
+
+int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
+		int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	int bundle_fd = -1;
+	int bundle_to_stdout;
+	const char **argv_boundary = xmalloc((argc + 4) * sizeof(const char *));
+	const char **argv_pack = xmalloc(5 * sizeof(const char *));
+	int i, ref_count = 0;
+	char buffer[1024];
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct child_process rls;
+	FILE *rls_fout;
+
+	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
+	if (bundle_to_stdout)
+		bundle_fd = 1;
+	else
+		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
+						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
+	/* write signature */
+	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
+
+	/* init revs to list objects for pack-objects later */
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+
+	/* write prerequisites */
+	memcpy(argv_boundary + 3, argv + 1, argc * sizeof(const char *));
+	argv_boundary[0] = "rev-list";
+	argv_boundary[1] = "--boundary";
+	argv_boundary[2] = "--pretty=oneline";
+	argv_boundary[argc + 2] = NULL;
+	memset(&rls, 0, sizeof(rls));
+	rls.argv = argv_boundary;
+	rls.out = -1;
+	rls.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&rls))
+		return -1;
+	rls_fout = xfdopen(rls.out, "r");
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), rls_fout)) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (buffer[0] == '-') {
+			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer + 1, sha1)) {
+				struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+				object->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+				add_pending_object(&revs, object, buffer);
+			}
+		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			object->flags |= SHOWN;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(rls_fout);
+	if (finish_command(&rls))
+		return error("rev-list died");
+
+	/* write references */
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		return error("unrecognized argument: %s'", argv[1]);
+
+	object_array_remove_duplicates(&revs.pending);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = revs.pending.objects + i;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char *ref;
+		const char *display_ref;
+		int flag;
+
+		if (e->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &ref) != 1)
+			continue;
+		if (!resolve_ref(e->name, sha1, 1, &flag))
+			flag = 0;
+		display_ref = (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) ? e->name : ref;
+
+		if (e->item->type == OBJ_TAG &&
+				!is_tag_in_date_range(e->item, &revs)) {
+			e->item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Make sure the refs we wrote out is correct; --max-count and
+		 * other limiting options could have prevented all the tips
+		 * from getting output.
+		 *
+		 * Non commit objects such as tags and blobs do not have
+		 * this issue as they are not affected by those extra
+		 * constraints.
+		 */
+		if (!(e->item->flags & SHOWN) && e->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			warning("ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options",
+				e->name);
+			free(ref);
+			continue;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If you run "git bundle create bndl v1.0..v2.0", the
+		 * name of the positive ref is "v2.0" but that is the
+		 * commit that is referenced by the tag, and not the tag
+		 * itself.
+		 */
+		if (hashcmp(sha1, e->item->sha1)) {
+			/*
+			 * Is this the positive end of a range expressed
+			 * in terms of a tag (e.g. v2.0 from the range
+			 * "v1.0..v2.0")?
+			 */
+			struct commit *one = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+			struct object *obj;
+
+			if (e->item == &(one->object)) {
+				/*
+				 * Need to include e->name as an
+				 * independent ref to the pack-objects
+				 * input, so that the tag is included
+				 * in the output; otherwise we would
+				 * end up triggering "empty bundle"
+				 * error.
+				 */
+				obj = parse_object(sha1);
+				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
+				add_pending_object(&revs, obj, e->name);
+			}
+			free(ref);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ref_count++;
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, sha1_to_hex(e->item->sha1), 40);
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, " ", 1);
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, display_ref, strlen(display_ref));
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+		free(ref);
+	}
+	if (!ref_count)
+		die ("Refusing to create empty bundle.");
+
+	/* end header */
+	write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+
+	/* write pack */
+	argv_pack[0] = "pack-objects";
+	argv_pack[1] = "--all-progress-implied";
+	argv_pack[2] = "--stdout";
+	argv_pack[3] = "--thin";
+	argv_pack[4] = NULL;
+	memset(&rls, 0, sizeof(rls));
+	rls.argv = argv_pack;
+	rls.in = -1;
+	rls.out = bundle_fd;
+	rls.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&rls))
+		return error("Could not spawn pack-objects");
+
+	/*
+	 * start_command closed bundle_fd if it was > 1
+	 * so set the lock fd to -1 so commit_lock_file()
+	 * won't fail trying to close it.
+	 */
+	lock.fd = -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *object = revs.pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			write_or_die(rls.in, "^", 1);
+		write_or_die(rls.in, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1), 40);
+		write_or_die(rls.in, "\n", 1);
+	}
+	close(rls.in);
+	if (finish_command(&rls))
+		return error ("pack-objects died");
+	if (!bundle_to_stdout)
+		commit_lock_file(&lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int unbundle(struct bundle_header *header, int bundle_fd)
+{
+	const char *argv_index_pack[] = {"index-pack",
+		"--fix-thin", "--stdin", NULL};
+	struct child_process ip;
+
+	if (verify_bundle(header, 0))
+		return -1;
+	memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
+	ip.argv = argv_index_pack;
+	ip.in = bundle_fd;
+	ip.no_stdout = 1;
+	ip.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&ip))
+		return error("index-pack died");
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/bundle.h b/bundle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2aedd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bundle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef BUNDLE_H
+#define BUNDLE_H
+
+struct ref_list {
+	unsigned int nr, alloc;
+	struct ref_list_entry {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char *name;
+	} *list;
+};
+
+struct bundle_header {
+	struct ref_list prerequisites;
+	struct ref_list references;
+};
+
+int read_bundle_header(const char *path, struct bundle_header *header);
+int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
+		int argc, const char **argv);
+int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose);
+int unbundle(struct bundle_header *header, int bundle_fd);
+int list_bundle_refs(struct bundle_header *header,
+		int argc, const char **argv);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d917437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+
+#ifndef DEBUG
+#define DEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+struct cache_tree *cache_tree(void)
+{
+	struct cache_tree *it = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct cache_tree));
+	it->entry_count = -1;
+	return it;
+}
+
+void cache_tree_free(struct cache_tree **it_p)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct cache_tree *it = *it_p;
+
+	if (!it)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
+		if (it->down[i])
+			cache_tree_free(&it->down[i]->cache_tree);
+	free(it->down);
+	free(it);
+	*it_p = NULL;
+}
+
+static int subtree_name_cmp(const char *one, int onelen,
+			    const char *two, int twolen)
+{
+	if (onelen < twolen)
+		return -1;
+	if (twolen < onelen)
+		return 1;
+	return memcmp(one, two, onelen);
+}
+
+static int subtree_pos(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path, int pathlen)
+{
+	struct cache_tree_sub **down = it->down;
+	int lo, hi;
+	lo = 0;
+	hi = it->subtree_nr;
+	while (lo < hi) {
+		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		struct cache_tree_sub *mdl = down[mi];
+		int cmp = subtree_name_cmp(path, pathlen,
+					   mdl->name, mdl->namelen);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return mi;
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			hi = mi;
+		else
+			lo = mi + 1;
+	}
+	return -lo-1;
+}
+
+static struct cache_tree_sub *find_subtree(struct cache_tree *it,
+					   const char *path,
+					   int pathlen,
+					   int create)
+{
+	struct cache_tree_sub *down;
+	int pos = subtree_pos(it, path, pathlen);
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return it->down[pos];
+	if (!create)
+		return NULL;
+
+	pos = -pos-1;
+	if (it->subtree_alloc <= it->subtree_nr) {
+		it->subtree_alloc = alloc_nr(it->subtree_alloc);
+		it->down = xrealloc(it->down, it->subtree_alloc *
+				    sizeof(*it->down));
+	}
+	it->subtree_nr++;
+
+	down = xmalloc(sizeof(*down) + pathlen + 1);
+	down->cache_tree = NULL;
+	down->namelen = pathlen;
+	memcpy(down->name, path, pathlen);
+	down->name[pathlen] = 0;
+
+	if (pos < it->subtree_nr)
+		memmove(it->down + pos + 1,
+			it->down + pos,
+			sizeof(down) * (it->subtree_nr - pos - 1));
+	it->down[pos] = down;
+	return down;
+}
+
+struct cache_tree_sub *cache_tree_sub(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
+{
+	int pathlen = strlen(path);
+	return find_subtree(it, path, pathlen, 1);
+}
+
+void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
+{
+	/* a/b/c
+	 * ==> invalidate self
+	 * ==> find "a", have it invalidate "b/c"
+	 * a
+	 * ==> invalidate self
+	 * ==> if "a" exists as a subtree, remove it.
+	 */
+	const char *slash;
+	int namelen;
+	struct cache_tree_sub *down;
+
+#if DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree invalidate <%s>\n", path);
+#endif
+
+	if (!it)
+		return;
+	slash = strchr(path, '/');
+	it->entry_count = -1;
+	if (!slash) {
+		int pos;
+		namelen = strlen(path);
+		pos = subtree_pos(it, path, namelen);
+		if (0 <= pos) {
+			cache_tree_free(&it->down[pos]->cache_tree);
+			free(it->down[pos]);
+			/* 0 1 2 3 4 5
+			 *       ^     ^subtree_nr = 6
+			 *       pos
+			 * move 4 and 5 up one place (2 entries)
+			 * 2 = 6 - 3 - 1 = subtree_nr - pos - 1
+			 */
+			memmove(it->down+pos, it->down+pos+1,
+				sizeof(struct cache_tree_sub *) *
+				(it->subtree_nr - pos - 1));
+			it->subtree_nr--;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	namelen = slash - path;
+	down = find_subtree(it, path, namelen, 0);
+	if (down)
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
+}
+
+static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
+			int entries)
+{
+	int i, funny;
+
+	/* Verify that the tree is merged */
+	funny = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		if (ce_stage(ce) || (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD)) {
+			if (10 < ++funny) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
+				break;
+			}
+			if (ce_stage(ce))
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
+					ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: not added yet\n",
+					ce->name);
+		}
+	}
+	if (funny)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Also verify that the cache does not have path and path/file
+	 * at the same time.  At this point we know the cache has only
+	 * stage 0 entries.
+	 */
+	funny = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
+		/* path/file always comes after path because of the way
+		 * the cache is sorted.  Also path can appear only once,
+		 * which means conflicting one would immediately follow.
+		 */
+		const char *this_name = cache[i]->name;
+		const char *next_name = cache[i+1]->name;
+		int this_len = strlen(this_name);
+		if (this_len < strlen(next_name) &&
+		    strncmp(this_name, next_name, this_len) == 0 &&
+		    next_name[this_len] == '/') {
+			if (10 < ++funny) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
+				break;
+			}
+			fprintf(stderr, "You have both %s and %s\n",
+				this_name, next_name);
+		}
+	}
+	if (funny)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void discard_unused_subtrees(struct cache_tree *it)
+{
+	struct cache_tree_sub **down = it->down;
+	int nr = it->subtree_nr;
+	int dst, src;
+	for (dst = src = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		struct cache_tree_sub *s = down[src];
+		if (s->used)
+			down[dst++] = s;
+		else {
+			cache_tree_free(&s->cache_tree);
+			free(s);
+			it->subtree_nr--;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *it)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!it)
+		return 0;
+	if (it->entry_count < 0 || !has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
+		return 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
+		if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(it->down[i]->cache_tree))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
+		      struct cache_entry **cache,
+		      int entries,
+		      const char *base,
+		      int baselen,
+		      int missing_ok,
+		      int dryrun)
+{
+	struct strbuf buffer;
+	int i;
+
+	if (0 <= it->entry_count && has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
+		return it->entry_count;
+
+	/*
+	 * We first scan for subtrees and update them; we start by
+	 * marking existing subtrees -- the ones that are unmarked
+	 * should not be in the result.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
+		it->down[i]->used = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the subtrees and update them.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
+		const char *path, *slash;
+		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt;
+
+		path = ce->name;
+		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
+		if (pathlen <= baselen || memcmp(base, path, baselen))
+			break; /* at the end of this level */
+
+		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
+		if (!slash)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * a/bbb/c (base = a/, slash = /c)
+		 * ==>
+		 * path+baselen = bbb/c, sublen = 3
+		 */
+		sublen = slash - (path + baselen);
+		sub = find_subtree(it, path + baselen, sublen, 1);
+		if (!sub->cache_tree)
+			sub->cache_tree = cache_tree();
+		subcnt = update_one(sub->cache_tree,
+				    cache + i, entries - i,
+				    path,
+				    baselen + sublen + 1,
+				    missing_ok,
+				    dryrun);
+		if (subcnt < 0)
+			return subcnt;
+		i += subcnt - 1;
+		sub->used = 1;
+	}
+
+	discard_unused_subtrees(it);
+
+	/*
+	 * Then write out the tree object for this level.
+	 */
+	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
+		const char *path, *slash;
+		int pathlen, entlen;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		unsigned mode;
+
+		path = ce->name;
+		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
+		if (pathlen <= baselen || memcmp(base, path, baselen))
+			break; /* at the end of this level */
+
+		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
+		if (slash) {
+			entlen = slash - (path + baselen);
+			sub = find_subtree(it, path + baselen, entlen, 0);
+			if (!sub)
+				die("cache-tree.c: '%.*s' in '%s' not found",
+				    entlen, path + baselen, path);
+			i += sub->cache_tree->entry_count - 1;
+			sha1 = sub->cache_tree->sha1;
+			mode = S_IFDIR;
+		}
+		else {
+			sha1 = ce->sha1;
+			mode = ce->ce_mode;
+			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
+		}
+		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+			return error("invalid object %06o %s for '%.*s'",
+				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+			continue; /* entry being removed */
+
+		strbuf_grow(&buffer, entlen + 100);
+		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
+		strbuf_add(&buffer, sha1, 20);
+
+#if DEBUG
+		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one %o %.*s\n",
+			mode, entlen, path + baselen);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	if (dryrun)
+		hash_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, it->sha1);
+	else if (write_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, it->sha1)) {
+		strbuf_release(&buffer);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	it->entry_count = i;
+#if DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
+		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
+		sha1_to_hex(it->sha1));
+#endif
+	return i;
+}
+
+int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *it,
+		      struct cache_entry **cache,
+		      int entries,
+		      int missing_ok,
+		      int dryrun)
+{
+	int i;
+	i = verify_cache(cache, entries);
+	if (i)
+		return i;
+	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, missing_ok, dryrun);
+	if (i < 0)
+		return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_one(struct strbuf *buffer, struct cache_tree *it,
+                      const char *path, int pathlen)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* One "cache-tree" entry consists of the following:
+	 * path (NUL terminated)
+	 * entry_count, subtree_nr ("%d %d\n")
+	 * tree-sha1 (missing if invalid)
+	 * subtree_nr "cache-tree" entries for subtrees.
+	 */
+	strbuf_grow(buffer, pathlen + 100);
+	strbuf_add(buffer, path, pathlen);
+	strbuf_addf(buffer, "%c%d %d\n", 0, it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr);
+
+#if DEBUG
+	if (0 <= it->entry_count)
+		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree <%.*s> (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
+			pathlen, path, it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
+			sha1_to_hex(it->sha1));
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree <%.*s> (%d subtree) invalid\n",
+			pathlen, path, it->subtree_nr);
+#endif
+
+	if (0 <= it->entry_count) {
+		strbuf_add(buffer, it->sha1, 20);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_tree_sub *down = it->down[i];
+		if (i) {
+			struct cache_tree_sub *prev = it->down[i-1];
+			if (subtree_name_cmp(down->name, down->namelen,
+					     prev->name, prev->namelen) <= 0)
+				die("fatal - unsorted cache subtree");
+		}
+		write_one(buffer, down->cache_tree, down->name, down->namelen);
+	}
+}
+
+void cache_tree_write(struct strbuf *sb, struct cache_tree *root)
+{
+	write_one(sb, root, "", 0);
+}
+
+static struct cache_tree *read_one(const char **buffer, unsigned long *size_p)
+{
+	const char *buf = *buffer;
+	unsigned long size = *size_p;
+	const char *cp;
+	char *ep;
+	struct cache_tree *it;
+	int i, subtree_nr;
+
+	it = NULL;
+	/* skip name, but make sure name exists */
+	while (size && *buf) {
+		size--;
+		buf++;
+	}
+	if (!size)
+		goto free_return;
+	buf++; size--;
+	it = cache_tree();
+
+	cp = buf;
+	it->entry_count = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
+	if (cp == ep)
+		goto free_return;
+	cp = ep;
+	subtree_nr = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
+	if (cp == ep)
+		goto free_return;
+	while (size && *buf && *buf != '\n') {
+		size--;
+		buf++;
+	}
+	if (!size)
+		goto free_return;
+	buf++; size--;
+	if (0 <= it->entry_count) {
+		if (size < 20)
+			goto free_return;
+		hashcpy(it->sha1, (const unsigned char*)buf);
+		buf += 20;
+		size -= 20;
+	}
+
+#if DEBUG
+	if (0 <= it->entry_count)
+		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree <%s> (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
+			*buffer, it->entry_count, subtree_nr,
+			sha1_to_hex(it->sha1));
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree <%s> (%d subtrees) invalid\n",
+			*buffer, subtree_nr);
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Just a heuristic -- we do not add directories that often but
+	 * we do not want to have to extend it immediately when we do,
+	 * hence +2.
+	 */
+	it->subtree_alloc = subtree_nr + 2;
+	it->down = xcalloc(it->subtree_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_tree_sub *));
+	for (i = 0; i < subtree_nr; i++) {
+		/* read each subtree */
+		struct cache_tree *sub;
+		struct cache_tree_sub *subtree;
+		const char *name = buf;
+
+		sub = read_one(&buf, &size);
+		if (!sub)
+			goto free_return;
+		subtree = cache_tree_sub(it, name);
+		subtree->cache_tree = sub;
+	}
+	if (subtree_nr != it->subtree_nr)
+		die("cache-tree: internal error");
+	*buffer = buf;
+	*size_p = size;
+	return it;
+
+ free_return:
+	cache_tree_free(&it);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct cache_tree *cache_tree_read(const char *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (buffer[0])
+		return NULL; /* not the whole tree */
+	return read_one(&buffer, &size);
+}
+
+static struct cache_tree *cache_tree_find(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
+{
+	if (!it)
+		return NULL;
+	while (*path) {
+		const char *slash;
+		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
+
+		slash = strchr(path, '/');
+		if (!slash)
+			slash = path + strlen(path);
+		/* between path and slash is the name of the
+		 * subtree to look for.
+		 */
+		sub = find_subtree(it, path, slash - path, 0);
+		if (!sub)
+			return NULL;
+		it = sub->cache_tree;
+		if (slash)
+			while (*slash && *slash == '/')
+				slash++;
+		if (!slash || !*slash)
+			return it; /* prefix ended with slashes */
+		path = slash;
+	}
+	return it;
+}
+
+int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int entries, was_valid, newfd;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can't free this memory, it becomes part of a linked list
+	 * parsed atexit()
+	 */
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	entries = read_cache();
+	if (entries < 0)
+		return WRITE_TREE_UNREADABLE_INDEX;
+	if (flags & WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE)
+		cache_tree_free(&(active_cache_tree));
+
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+	was_valid = cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree);
+	if (!was_valid) {
+		int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
+
+		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
+				      active_cache, active_nr,
+				      missing_ok, 0) < 0)
+			return WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX;
+		if (0 <= newfd) {
+			if (!write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) &&
+			    !commit_lock_file(lock_file))
+				newfd = -1;
+		}
+		/* Not being able to write is fine -- we are only interested
+		 * in updating the cache-tree part, and if the next caller
+		 * ends up using the old index with unupdated cache-tree part
+		 * it misses the work we did here, but that is just a
+		 * performance penalty and not a big deal.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		struct cache_tree *subtree =
+			cache_tree_find(active_cache_tree, prefix);
+		if (!subtree)
+			return WRITE_TREE_PREFIX_ERROR;
+		hashcpy(sha1, subtree->sha1);
+	}
+	else
+		hashcpy(sha1, active_cache_tree->sha1);
+
+	if (0 <= newfd)
+		rollback_lock_file(lock_file);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void prime_cache_tree_rec(struct cache_tree *it, struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	int cnt;
+
+	hashcpy(it->sha1, tree->object.sha1);
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	cnt = 0;
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		if (!S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
+			cnt++;
+		else {
+			struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
+			struct tree *subtree = lookup_tree(entry.sha1);
+			if (!subtree->object.parsed)
+				parse_tree(subtree);
+			sub = cache_tree_sub(it, entry.path);
+			sub->cache_tree = cache_tree();
+			prime_cache_tree_rec(sub->cache_tree, subtree);
+			cnt += sub->cache_tree->entry_count;
+		}
+	}
+	it->entry_count = cnt;
+}
+
+void prime_cache_tree(struct cache_tree **it, struct tree *tree)
+{
+	cache_tree_free(it);
+	*it = cache_tree();
+	prime_cache_tree_rec(*it, tree);
+}
+
+/*
+ * find the cache_tree that corresponds to the current level without
+ * exploding the full path into textual form.  The root of the
+ * cache tree is given as "root", and our current level is "info".
+ * (1) When at root level, info->prev is NULL, so it is "root" itself.
+ * (2) Otherwise, find the cache_tree that corresponds to one level
+ *     above us, and find ourselves in there.
+ */
+static struct cache_tree *find_cache_tree_from_traversal(struct cache_tree *root,
+							 struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	struct cache_tree *our_parent;
+
+	if (!info->prev)
+		return root;
+	our_parent = find_cache_tree_from_traversal(root, info->prev);
+	return cache_tree_find(our_parent, info->name.path);
+}
+
+int cache_tree_matches_traversal(struct cache_tree *root,
+				 struct name_entry *ent,
+				 struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	struct cache_tree *it;
+
+	it = find_cache_tree_from_traversal(root, info);
+	it = cache_tree_find(it, ent->path);
+	if (it && it->entry_count > 0 && !hashcmp(ent->sha1, it->sha1))
+		return it->entry_count;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/cache-tree.h b/cache-tree.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3df641f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cache-tree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef CACHE_TREE_H
+#define CACHE_TREE_H
+
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+
+struct cache_tree;
+struct cache_tree_sub {
+	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	int namelen;
+	int used;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct cache_tree {
+	int entry_count; /* negative means "invalid" */
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int subtree_nr;
+	int subtree_alloc;
+	struct cache_tree_sub **down;
+};
+
+struct cache_tree *cache_tree(void);
+void cache_tree_free(struct cache_tree **);
+void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *, const char *);
+struct cache_tree_sub *cache_tree_sub(struct cache_tree *, const char *);
+
+void cache_tree_write(struct strbuf *, struct cache_tree *root);
+struct cache_tree *cache_tree_read(const char *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *);
+int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, struct cache_entry **, int, int, int);
+
+/* bitmasks to write_cache_as_tree flags */
+#define WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK 1
+#define WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE 2
+
+/* error return codes */
+#define WRITE_TREE_UNREADABLE_INDEX (-1)
+#define WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX (-2)
+#define WRITE_TREE_PREFIX_ERROR (-3)
+
+int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix);
+void prime_cache_tree(struct cache_tree **, struct tree *);
+
+extern int cache_tree_matches_traversal(struct cache_tree *, struct name_entry *ent, struct traverse_info *info);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d478eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1043 @@
+#ifndef CACHE_H
+#define CACHE_H
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "hash.h"
+#include "advice.h"
+
+#include SHA1_HEADER
+#ifndef git_SHA_CTX
+#define git_SHA_CTX	SHA_CTX
+#define git_SHA1_Init	SHA1_Init
+#define git_SHA1_Update	SHA1_Update
+#define git_SHA1_Final	SHA1_Final
+#endif
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+#if defined(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND) || ZLIB_VERNUM < 0x1200
+#define deflateBound(c,s)  ((s) + (((s) + 7) >> 3) + (((s) + 63) >> 6) + 11)
+#endif
+
+void git_inflate_init(z_streamp strm);
+void git_inflate_end(z_streamp strm);
+int git_inflate(z_streamp strm, int flush);
+
+#if defined(DT_UNKNOWN) && !defined(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
+#define DTYPE(de)	((de)->d_type)
+#else
+#undef DT_UNKNOWN
+#undef DT_DIR
+#undef DT_REG
+#undef DT_LNK
+#define DT_UNKNOWN	0
+#define DT_DIR		1
+#define DT_REG		2
+#define DT_LNK		3
+#define DTYPE(de)	DT_UNKNOWN
+#endif
+
+/* unknown mode (impossible combination S_IFIFO|S_IFCHR) */
+#define S_IFINVALID     0030000
+
+/*
+ * A "directory link" is a link to another git directory.
+ *
+ * The value 0160000 is not normally a valid mode, and
+ * also just happens to be S_IFDIR + S_IFLNK
+ *
+ * NOTE! We *really* shouldn't depend on the S_IFxxx macros
+ * always having the same values everywhere. We should use
+ * our internal git values for these things, and then we can
+ * translate that to the OS-specific value. It just so
+ * happens that everybody shares the same bit representation
+ * in the UNIX world (and apparently wider too..)
+ */
+#define S_IFGITLINK	0160000
+#define S_ISGITLINK(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFGITLINK)
+
+/*
+ * Intensive research over the course of many years has shown that
+ * port 9418 is totally unused by anything else. Or
+ *
+ *	Your search - "port 9418" - did not match any documents.
+ *
+ * as www.google.com puts it.
+ *
+ * This port has been properly assigned for git use by IANA:
+ * git (Assigned-9418) [I06-050728-0001].
+ *
+ *	git  9418/tcp   git pack transfer service
+ *	git  9418/udp   git pack transfer service
+ *
+ * with Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> as the point of
+ * contact. September 2005.
+ *
+ * See http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
+ */
+#define DEFAULT_GIT_PORT 9418
+
+/*
+ * Basic data structures for the directory cache
+ */
+
+#define CACHE_SIGNATURE 0x44495243	/* "DIRC" */
+struct cache_header {
+	unsigned int hdr_signature;
+	unsigned int hdr_version;
+	unsigned int hdr_entries;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The "cache_time" is just the low 32 bits of the
+ * time. It doesn't matter if it overflows - we only
+ * check it for equality in the 32 bits we save.
+ */
+struct cache_time {
+	unsigned int sec;
+	unsigned int nsec;
+};
+
+/*
+ * dev/ino/uid/gid/size are also just tracked to the low 32 bits
+ * Again - this is just a (very strong in practice) heuristic that
+ * the inode hasn't changed.
+ *
+ * We save the fields in big-endian order to allow using the
+ * index file over NFS transparently.
+ */
+struct ondisk_cache_entry {
+	struct cache_time ctime;
+	struct cache_time mtime;
+	unsigned int dev;
+	unsigned int ino;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	unsigned int uid;
+	unsigned int gid;
+	unsigned int size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned short flags;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This struct is used when CE_EXTENDED bit is 1
+ * The struct must match ondisk_cache_entry exactly from
+ * ctime till flags
+ */
+struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
+	struct cache_time ctime;
+	struct cache_time mtime;
+	unsigned int dev;
+	unsigned int ino;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	unsigned int uid;
+	unsigned int gid;
+	unsigned int size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned short flags;
+	unsigned short flags2;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct cache_entry {
+	struct cache_time ce_ctime;
+	struct cache_time ce_mtime;
+	unsigned int ce_dev;
+	unsigned int ce_ino;
+	unsigned int ce_mode;
+	unsigned int ce_uid;
+	unsigned int ce_gid;
+	unsigned int ce_size;
+	unsigned int ce_flags;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct cache_entry *next;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
+#define CE_STAGEMASK (0x3000)
+#define CE_EXTENDED  (0x4000)
+#define CE_VALID     (0x8000)
+#define CE_STAGESHIFT 12
+
+/*
+ * Range 0xFFFF0000 in ce_flags is divided into
+ * two parts: in-memory flags and on-disk ones.
+ * Flags in CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS will get saved on-disk
+ * if you want to save a new flag, add it in
+ * CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS
+ *
+ * In-memory only flags
+ */
+#define CE_UPDATE    (0x10000)
+#define CE_REMOVE    (0x20000)
+#define CE_UPTODATE  (0x40000)
+#define CE_ADDED     (0x80000)
+
+#define CE_HASHED    (0x100000)
+#define CE_UNHASHED  (0x200000)
+#define CE_CONFLICTED (0x800000)
+
+/* Only remove in work directory, not index */
+#define CE_WT_REMOVE (0x400000)
+
+#define CE_UNPACKED  (0x1000000)
+
+/*
+ * Extended on-disk flags
+ */
+#define CE_INTENT_TO_ADD 0x20000000
+#define CE_SKIP_WORKTREE 0x40000000
+/* CE_EXTENDED2 is for future extension */
+#define CE_EXTENDED2 0x80000000
+
+#define CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS (CE_INTENT_TO_ADD | CE_SKIP_WORKTREE)
+
+/*
+ * Safeguard to avoid saving wrong flags:
+ *  - CE_EXTENDED2 won't get saved until its semantic is known
+ *  - Bits in 0x0000FFFF have been saved in ce_flags already
+ *  - Bits in 0x003F0000 are currently in-memory flags
+ */
+#if CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS & 0x803FFFFF
+#error "CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS out of range"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Copy the sha1 and stat state of a cache entry from one to
+ * another. But we never change the name, or the hash state!
+ */
+#define CE_STATE_MASK (CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED)
+static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst, struct cache_entry *src)
+{
+	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK;
+
+	/* Don't copy hash chain and name */
+	memcpy(dst, src, offsetof(struct cache_entry, next));
+
+	/* Restore the hash state */
+	dst->ce_flags = (dst->ce_flags & ~CE_STATE_MASK) | state;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(size_t len, unsigned stage)
+{
+	if (len >= CE_NAMEMASK)
+		len = CE_NAMEMASK;
+	return (len | (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT));
+}
+
+static inline size_t ce_namelen(const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	size_t len = ce->ce_flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
+	if (len < CE_NAMEMASK)
+		return len;
+	return strlen(ce->name + CE_NAMEMASK) + CE_NAMEMASK;
+}
+
+#define ce_size(ce) cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce))
+#define ondisk_ce_size(ce) (((ce)->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) ? \
+			    ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(ce_namelen(ce)) : \
+			    ondisk_cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce)))
+#define ce_stage(ce) ((CE_STAGEMASK & (ce)->ce_flags) >> CE_STAGESHIFT)
+#define ce_uptodate(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_UPTODATE)
+#define ce_skip_worktree(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_SKIP_WORKTREE)
+#define ce_mark_uptodate(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags |= CE_UPTODATE)
+
+#define ce_permissions(mode) (((mode) & 0100) ? 0755 : 0644)
+static inline unsigned int create_ce_mode(unsigned int mode)
+{
+	if (S_ISLNK(mode))
+		return S_IFLNK;
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		return S_IFGITLINK;
+	return S_IFREG | ce_permissions(mode);
+}
+static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned int mode)
+{
+	extern int trust_executable_bit, has_symlinks;
+	if (!has_symlinks && S_ISREG(mode) &&
+	    ce && S_ISLNK(ce->ce_mode))
+		return ce->ce_mode;
+	if (!trust_executable_bit && S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		if (ce && S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
+			return ce->ce_mode;
+		return create_ce_mode(0666);
+	}
+	return create_ce_mode(mode);
+}
+static inline int ce_to_dtype(const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	unsigned ce_mode = ntohl(ce->ce_mode);
+	if (S_ISREG(ce_mode))
+		return DT_REG;
+	else if (S_ISDIR(ce_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(ce_mode))
+		return DT_DIR;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(ce_mode))
+		return DT_LNK;
+	else
+		return DT_UNKNOWN;
+}
+#define canon_mode(mode) \
+	(S_ISREG(mode) ? (S_IFREG | ce_permissions(mode)) : \
+	S_ISLNK(mode) ? S_IFLNK : S_ISDIR(mode) ? S_IFDIR : S_IFGITLINK)
+
+#define flexible_size(STRUCT,len) ((offsetof(struct STRUCT,name) + (len) + 8) & ~7)
+#define cache_entry_size(len) flexible_size(cache_entry,len)
+#define ondisk_cache_entry_size(len) flexible_size(ondisk_cache_entry,len)
+#define ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(len) flexible_size(ondisk_cache_entry_extended,len)
+
+struct index_state {
+	struct cache_entry **cache;
+	unsigned int cache_nr, cache_alloc, cache_changed;
+	struct string_list *resolve_undo;
+	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	struct cache_time timestamp;
+	void *alloc;
+	unsigned name_hash_initialized : 1,
+		 initialized : 1;
+	struct hash_table name_hash;
+};
+
+extern struct index_state the_index;
+
+/* Name hashing */
+extern void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+/*
+ * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
+ * we won't find it in lookups.
+ *
+ * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
+ * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
+ * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
+ * it.
+ */
+static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
+}
+
+
+#ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
+#define active_cache (the_index.cache)
+#define active_nr (the_index.cache_nr)
+#define active_alloc (the_index.cache_alloc)
+#define active_cache_changed (the_index.cache_changed)
+#define active_cache_tree (the_index.cache_tree)
+
+#define read_cache() read_index(&the_index)
+#define read_cache_from(path) read_index_from(&the_index, (path))
+#define read_cache_preload(pathspec) read_index_preload(&the_index, (pathspec))
+#define is_cache_unborn() is_index_unborn(&the_index)
+#define read_cache_unmerged() read_index_unmerged(&the_index)
+#define write_cache(newfd, cache, entries) write_index(&the_index, (newfd))
+#define discard_cache() discard_index(&the_index)
+#define unmerged_cache() unmerged_index(&the_index)
+#define cache_name_pos(name, namelen) index_name_pos(&the_index,(name),(namelen))
+#define add_cache_entry(ce, option) add_index_entry(&the_index, (ce), (option))
+#define rename_cache_entry_at(pos, new_name) rename_index_entry_at(&the_index, (pos), (new_name))
+#define remove_cache_entry_at(pos) remove_index_entry_at(&the_index, (pos))
+#define remove_file_from_cache(path) remove_file_from_index(&the_index, (path))
+#define add_to_cache(path, st, flags) add_to_index(&the_index, (path), (st), (flags))
+#define add_file_to_cache(path, flags) add_file_to_index(&the_index, (path), (flags))
+#define refresh_cache(flags) refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL, NULL)
+#define ce_match_stat(ce, st, options) ie_match_stat(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
+#define ce_modified(ce, st, options) ie_modified(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
+#define cache_name_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_name_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
+#define cache_name_is_other(name, namelen) index_name_is_other(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
+#define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
+#define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
+#define unmerge_cache(pathspec) unmerge_index(&the_index, pathspec)
+#endif
+
+enum object_type {
+	OBJ_BAD = -1,
+	OBJ_NONE = 0,
+	OBJ_COMMIT = 1,
+	OBJ_TREE = 2,
+	OBJ_BLOB = 3,
+	OBJ_TAG = 4,
+	/* 5 for future expansion */
+	OBJ_OFS_DELTA = 6,
+	OBJ_REF_DELTA = 7,
+	OBJ_ANY,
+	OBJ_MAX,
+};
+
+static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
+{
+	return S_ISDIR(mode) ? OBJ_TREE :
+		S_ISGITLINK(mode) ? OBJ_COMMIT :
+		OBJ_BLOB;
+}
+
+#define GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DIR"
+#define GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_WORK_TREE"
+#define DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT ".git"
+#define DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"
+#define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
+#define GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GRAFT_FILE"
+#define TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR"
+#define CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CONFIG"
+#define EXEC_PATH_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_EXEC_PATH"
+#define CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES"
+#define NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS"
+#define GITATTRIBUTES_FILE ".gitattributes"
+#define INFOATTRIBUTES_FILE "info/attributes"
+#define ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX "[attr]"
+#define GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REF"
+#define GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF "refs/notes/commits"
+
+extern int is_bare_repository_cfg;
+extern int is_bare_repository(void);
+extern int is_inside_git_dir(void);
+extern char *git_work_tree_cfg;
+extern int is_inside_work_tree(void);
+extern int have_git_dir(void);
+extern const char *get_git_dir(void);
+extern char *get_object_directory(void);
+extern char *get_index_file(void);
+extern char *get_graft_file(void);
+extern int set_git_dir(const char *path);
+extern const char *get_git_work_tree(void);
+extern const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path);
+extern void set_git_work_tree(const char *tree);
+
+#define ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES"
+
+extern const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec);
+extern void setup_work_tree(void);
+extern const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *);
+extern const char *setup_git_directory(void);
+extern const char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+
+#define INIT_DB_QUIET 0x0001
+
+extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
+
+#define alloc_nr(x) (((x)+16)*3/2)
+
+/*
+ * Realloc the buffer pointed at by variable 'x' so that it can hold
+ * at least 'nr' entries; the number of entries currently allocated
+ * is 'alloc', using the standard growing factor alloc_nr() macro.
+ *
+ * DO NOT USE any expression with side-effect for 'x' or 'alloc'.
+ */
+#define ALLOC_GROW(x, nr, alloc) \
+	do { \
+		if ((nr) > alloc) { \
+			if (alloc_nr(alloc) < (nr)) \
+				alloc = (nr); \
+			else \
+				alloc = alloc_nr(alloc); \
+			x = xrealloc((x), alloc * sizeof(*(x))); \
+		} \
+	} while(0)
+
+/* Initialize and use the cache information */
+extern int read_index(struct index_state *);
+extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const char **pathspec);
+extern int read_index_from(struct index_state *, const char *path);
+extern int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *);
+extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
+extern int write_index(struct index_state *, int newfd);
+extern int discard_index(struct index_state *);
+extern int unmerged_index(const struct index_state *);
+extern int verify_path(const char *path);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
+extern int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *, const char *name, int namelen);
+#define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD 1		/* Ok to add */
+#define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE 2	/* Ok to replace file/directory */
+#define ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK 4	/* Ok to skip DF conflict checks */
+#define ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND 8		/* Append only; tree.c::read_tree() */
+#define ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY 16		/* Do not replace existing ones */
+extern int add_index_entry(struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *ce, int option);
+extern void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int pos, const char *new_name);
+extern int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int pos);
+extern void remove_marked_cache_entries(struct index_state *istate);
+extern int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *path);
+#define ADD_CACHE_VERBOSE 1
+#define ADD_CACHE_PRETEND 2
+#define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS	4
+#define ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_REMOVAL 8
+#define ADD_CACHE_INTENT 16
+extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags);
+extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags);
+extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, int refresh);
+extern int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b);
+extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
+
+/* do stat comparison even if CE_VALID is true */
+#define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID		01
+/* do not check the contents but report dirty on racily-clean entries */
+#define CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY		02
+/* do stat comparison even if CE_SKIP_WORKTREE is true */
+#define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE	04
+extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+
+extern int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char **pathspec);
+extern int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, int write_object, enum object_type type, const char *path);
+extern int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, int write_object);
+extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
+
+#define REFRESH_REALLY		0x0001	/* ignore_valid */
+#define REFRESH_UNMERGED	0x0002	/* allow unmerged */
+#define REFRESH_QUIET		0x0004	/* be quiet about it */
+#define REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING	0x0008	/* ignore non-existent */
+#define REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES	0x0010	/* ignore submodules */
+#define REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN	0x0020	/* user friendly output, not "needs update" */
+extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec, char *seen, char *header_msg);
+
+struct lock_file {
+	struct lock_file *next;
+	int fd;
+	pid_t owner;
+	char on_list;
+	char filename[PATH_MAX];
+};
+#define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1
+#define LOCK_NODEREF 2
+extern int unable_to_lock_error(const char *path, int err);
+extern NORETURN void unable_to_lock_index_die(const char *path, int err);
+extern int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
+extern int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
+extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+
+extern int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *, int);
+extern int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *);
+extern void set_alternate_index_output(const char *);
+extern int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern int delete_ref(const char *, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt);
+
+/* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
+extern int trust_executable_bit;
+extern int trust_ctime;
+extern int quote_path_fully;
+extern int has_symlinks;
+extern int ignore_case;
+extern int assume_unchanged;
+extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
+extern int log_all_ref_updates;
+extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
+extern int shared_repository;
+extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
+extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
+extern int zlib_compression_level;
+extern int core_compression_level;
+extern int core_compression_seen;
+extern size_t packed_git_window_size;
+extern size_t packed_git_limit;
+extern size_t delta_base_cache_limit;
+extern int auto_crlf;
+extern int read_replace_refs;
+extern int fsync_object_files;
+extern int core_preload_index;
+extern int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
+
+enum safe_crlf {
+	SAFE_CRLF_FALSE = 0,
+	SAFE_CRLF_FAIL = 1,
+	SAFE_CRLF_WARN = 2,
+};
+
+extern enum safe_crlf safe_crlf;
+
+enum branch_track {
+	BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
+	BRANCH_TRACK_NEVER = 0,
+	BRANCH_TRACK_REMOTE,
+	BRANCH_TRACK_ALWAYS,
+	BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT,
+	BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE,
+};
+
+enum rebase_setup_type {
+	AUTOREBASE_NEVER = 0,
+	AUTOREBASE_LOCAL,
+	AUTOREBASE_REMOTE,
+	AUTOREBASE_ALWAYS,
+};
+
+enum push_default_type {
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING = 0,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_TRACKING,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT,
+};
+
+extern enum branch_track git_branch_track;
+extern enum rebase_setup_type autorebase;
+extern enum push_default_type push_default;
+
+enum object_creation_mode {
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS = 0,
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = 1,
+};
+
+extern enum object_creation_mode object_creation_mode;
+
+extern char *notes_ref_name;
+
+extern int grafts_replace_parents;
+
+#define GIT_REPO_VERSION 0
+extern int repository_format_version;
+extern int check_repository_format(void);
+
+#define MTIME_CHANGED	0x0001
+#define CTIME_CHANGED	0x0002
+#define OWNER_CHANGED	0x0004
+#define MODE_CHANGED    0x0008
+#define INODE_CHANGED   0x0010
+#define DATA_CHANGED    0x0020
+#define TYPE_CHANGED    0x0040
+
+extern char *mksnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
+extern char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
+extern char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+
+/* Return a statically allocated filename matching the sha1 signature */
+extern char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int);
+extern const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
+static inline int is_null_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return !memcmp(sha1, null_sha1, 20);
+}
+static inline int hashcmp(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *sha2)
+{
+	return memcmp(sha1, sha2, 20);
+}
+static inline void hashcpy(unsigned char *sha_dst, const unsigned char *sha_src)
+{
+	memcpy(sha_dst, sha_src, 20);
+}
+static inline void hashclr(unsigned char *hash)
+{
+	memset(hash, 0, 20);
+}
+
+#define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX \
+	"4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904"
+#define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN \
+	 "\x4b\x82\x5d\xc6\x42\xcb\x6e\xb9\xa0\x60" \
+	 "\xe5\x4b\xf8\xd6\x92\x88\xfb\xee\x49\x04"
+
+int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t n, const char *template);
+
+int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t n, const char *template, int suffix_len);
+
+/*
+ * NOTE NOTE NOTE!!
+ *
+ * PERM_UMASK, OLD_PERM_GROUP and OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY enumerations must
+ * not be changed. Old repositories have core.sharedrepository written in
+ * numeric format, and therefore these values are preserved for compatibility
+ * reasons.
+ */
+enum sharedrepo {
+	PERM_UMASK          = 0,
+	OLD_PERM_GROUP      = 1,
+	OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY  = 2,
+	PERM_GROUP          = 0660,
+	PERM_EVERYBODY      = 0664,
+};
+int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value);
+int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode);
+#define adjust_shared_perm(path) set_shared_perm((path), 0)
+int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
+int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
+extern char *expand_user_path(const char *path);
+char *enter_repo(char *path, int strict);
+static inline int is_absolute_path(const char *path)
+{
+	return path[0] == '/' || has_dos_drive_prefix(path);
+}
+int is_directory(const char *);
+const char *make_absolute_path(const char *path);
+const char *make_nonrelative_path(const char *path);
+const char *make_relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base);
+int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src);
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list);
+char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix);
+int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *path);
+
+/* Read and unpack a sha1 file into memory, write memory to a sha1 file */
+extern int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *, unsigned long *);
+extern void *read_sha1_file_repl(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size, const unsigned char **replacement);
+static inline void *read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	return read_sha1_file_repl(sha1, type, size, NULL);
+}
+extern int hash_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int write_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *return_sha1);
+extern int pretend_sha1_file(void *, unsigned long, enum object_type, unsigned char *);
+extern int force_object_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, time_t mtime);
+
+/* global flag to enable extra checks when accessing packed objects */
+extern int do_check_packed_object_crc;
+
+extern int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, unsigned long size, const char *type);
+
+extern int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename);
+
+extern int has_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern int has_pack_index(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern const signed char hexval_table[256];
+static inline unsigned int hexval(unsigned char c)
+{
+	return hexval_table[c];
+}
+
+/* Convert to/from hex/sha1 representation */
+#define MINIMUM_ABBREV 4
+#define DEFAULT_ABBREV 7
+
+extern int get_sha1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode, int gently, const char *prefix);
+static inline int get_sha1_with_mode(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode)
+{
+	return get_sha1_with_mode_1(str, sha1, mode, 1, NULL);
+}
+extern int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1);	/* static buffer result! */
+extern int read_ref(const char *filename, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern const char *resolve_ref(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, int, int *);
+extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
+extern int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
+extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, struct strbuf *);
+extern int get_sha1_mb(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules);
+extern const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[];
+extern const char *ref_fetch_rules[];
+
+extern int create_symref(const char *ref, const char *refs_heads_master, const char *logmsg);
+extern int validate_headref(const char *ref);
+
+extern int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
+extern int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
+extern int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2);
+
+extern void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					const char *required_type,
+					unsigned long *size,
+					unsigned char *sha1_ret);
+
+extern struct object *peel_to_type(const char *name, int namelen,
+				   struct object *o, enum object_type);
+
+enum date_mode {
+	DATE_NORMAL = 0,
+	DATE_RELATIVE,
+	DATE_SHORT,
+	DATE_LOCAL,
+	DATE_ISO8601,
+	DATE_RFC2822,
+	DATE_RAW
+};
+
+const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int timezone, enum date_mode mode);
+const char *show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
+			       const struct timeval *now,
+			       char *timebuf,
+			       size_t timebuf_size);
+int parse_date(const char *date, char *buf, int bufsize);
+void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize);
+#define approxidate(s) approxidate_careful((s), NULL)
+unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *, int *);
+unsigned long approxidate_relative(const char *date, const struct timeval *now);
+enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format);
+
+#define IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME  1
+#define IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME 2
+#define IDENT_NO_DATE	       4
+extern const char *git_author_info(int);
+extern const char *git_committer_info(int);
+extern const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email, const char *date_str, int);
+extern const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email);
+extern const char *git_editor(void);
+extern const char *git_pager(void);
+
+struct checkout {
+	const char *base_dir;
+	int base_dir_len;
+	unsigned force:1,
+		 quiet:1,
+		 not_new:1,
+		 refresh_cache:1;
+};
+
+extern int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath);
+
+struct cache_def {
+	char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	int len;
+	int flags;
+	int track_flags;
+	int prefix_len_stat_func;
+};
+
+extern int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len);
+extern int threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(struct cache_def *, const char *, int);
+extern int has_symlink_or_noent_leading_path(const char *name, int len);
+extern int has_dirs_only_path(const char *name, int len, int prefix_len);
+extern void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len);
+extern void remove_scheduled_dirs(void);
+
+extern struct alternate_object_database {
+	struct alternate_object_database *next;
+	char *name;
+	char base[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+} *alt_odb_list;
+extern void prepare_alt_odb(void);
+extern void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference);
+typedef int alt_odb_fn(struct alternate_object_database *, void *);
+extern void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn, void*);
+
+struct pack_window {
+	struct pack_window *next;
+	unsigned char *base;
+	off_t offset;
+	size_t len;
+	unsigned int last_used;
+	unsigned int inuse_cnt;
+};
+
+extern struct packed_git {
+	struct packed_git *next;
+	struct pack_window *windows;
+	off_t pack_size;
+	const void *index_data;
+	size_t index_size;
+	uint32_t num_objects;
+	uint32_t num_bad_objects;
+	unsigned char *bad_object_sha1;
+	int index_version;
+	time_t mtime;
+	int pack_fd;
+	unsigned pack_local:1,
+		 pack_keep:1;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	/* something like ".git/objects/pack/xxxxx.pack" */
+	char pack_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+} *packed_git;
+
+struct pack_entry {
+	off_t offset;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct packed_git *p;
+};
+
+struct ref {
+	struct ref *next;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	char *symref;
+	unsigned int force:1,
+		merge:1,
+		nonfastforward:1,
+		deletion:1;
+	enum {
+		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
+		REF_STATUS_OK,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
+		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
+		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT,
+	} status;
+	char *remote_status;
+	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
+#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
+#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
+
+extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
+
+#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
+extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
+extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int path_match(const char *path, int nr, char **match);
+struct extra_have_objects {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	unsigned char (*array)[20];
+};
+extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list, int nr_match, char **match, unsigned int flags, struct extra_have_objects *);
+extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
+
+extern struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern void prepare_packed_git(void);
+extern void reprepare_packed_git(void);
+extern void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack);
+
+extern struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					 struct packed_git *packs);
+
+extern void pack_report(void);
+extern int open_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
+extern unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t, unsigned int *);
+extern void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *);
+extern void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **);
+extern void free_pack_by_name(const char *);
+extern void clear_delta_base_cache(void);
+extern struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *, int, int);
+extern const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *, uint32_t);
+extern off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *, uint32_t);
+extern off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *, struct packed_git *);
+extern void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *, off_t, enum object_type *, unsigned long *);
+extern unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep);
+extern unsigned long get_size_from_delta(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t);
+extern const char *packed_object_info_detail(struct packed_git *, off_t, unsigned long *, unsigned long *, unsigned int *, unsigned char *);
+
+/* Dumb servers support */
+extern int update_server_info(int);
+
+typedef int (*config_fn_t)(const char *, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_default_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
+extern int git_parse_ulong(const char *, unsigned long *);
+extern int git_config_int(const char *, const char *);
+extern unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *, const char *, int *);
+extern int git_config_bool(const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_string(const char **, const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_pathname(const char **, const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_set(const char *, const char *);
+extern int git_config_set_multivar(const char *, const char *, const char *, int);
+extern int git_config_rename_section(const char *, const char *);
+extern const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void);
+extern int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+extern int git_config_system(void);
+extern int git_config_global(void);
+extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+extern const char *config_exclusive_filename;
+
+#define MAX_GITNAME (1000)
+extern char git_default_email[MAX_GITNAME];
+extern char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
+#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
+#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
+#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
+extern int user_ident_explicitly_given;
+extern int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+
+extern const char *git_commit_encoding;
+extern const char *git_log_output_encoding;
+extern const char *git_mailmap_file;
+
+/* IO helper functions */
+extern void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *, const char *);
+extern int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd);
+extern int copy_file(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode);
+extern int copy_file_with_time(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode);
+extern void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
+extern int write_or_whine(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg);
+extern int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg);
+extern void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *);
+
+extern ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
+extern ssize_t write_in_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
+static inline ssize_t write_str_in_full(int fd, const char *str)
+{
+	return write_in_full(fd, str, strlen(str));
+}
+
+/* pager.c */
+extern void setup_pager(void);
+extern const char *pager_program;
+extern int pager_in_use(void);
+extern int pager_use_color;
+
+extern const char *editor_program;
+extern const char *excludes_file;
+
+/* base85 */
+int decode_85(char *dst, const char *line, int linelen);
+void encode_85(char *buf, const unsigned char *data, int bytes);
+
+/* alloc.c */
+extern void *alloc_blob_node(void);
+extern void *alloc_tree_node(void);
+extern void *alloc_commit_node(void);
+extern void *alloc_tag_node(void);
+extern void *alloc_object_node(void);
+extern void alloc_report(void);
+
+/* trace.c */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
+
+/* convert.c */
+/* returns 1 if *dst was used */
+extern int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                          struct strbuf *dst, enum safe_crlf checksafe);
+extern int convert_to_working_tree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, struct strbuf *dst);
+
+/* add */
+/*
+ * return 0 if success, 1 - if addition of a file failed and
+ * ADD_FILES_IGNORE_ERRORS was specified in flags
+ */
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags);
+
+/* diff.c */
+extern int diff_auto_refresh_index;
+
+/* match-trees.c */
+void shift_tree(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, unsigned char *, int);
+void shift_tree_by(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, unsigned char *, const char *);
+
+/*
+ * whitespace rules.
+ * used by both diff and apply
+ */
+#define WS_BLANK_AT_EOL         01
+#define WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB	02
+#define WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB	04
+#define WS_CR_AT_EOL           010
+#define WS_BLANK_AT_EOF        020
+#define WS_TRAILING_SPACE      (WS_BLANK_AT_EOL|WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
+#define WS_DEFAULT_RULE (WS_TRAILING_SPACE|WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB)
+extern unsigned whitespace_rule_cfg;
+extern unsigned whitespace_rule(const char *);
+extern unsigned parse_whitespace_rule(const char *);
+extern unsigned ws_check(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule);
+extern void ws_check_emit(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule, FILE *stream, const char *set, const char *reset, const char *ws);
+extern char *whitespace_error_string(unsigned ws);
+extern int ws_fix_copy(char *, const char *, int, unsigned, int *);
+extern int ws_blank_line(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule);
+
+/* ls-files */
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, int prefix_offset);
+void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix);
+
+char *alias_lookup(const char *alias);
+int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv);
+
+#endif /* CACHE_H */
diff --git a/check-builtins.sh b/check-builtins.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d6fe6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/check-builtins.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+{
+	cat <<\EOF
+sayIt:
+	$(foreach b,$(BUILT_INS),echo XXX $b YYY;)
+EOF
+	cat Makefile
+} |
+make -f - sayIt 2>/dev/null |
+sed -n -e 's/.*XXX \(.*\) YYY.*/\1/p' |
+sort |
+{
+    bad=0
+    while read builtin
+    do
+	base=`expr "$builtin" : 'git-\(.*\)'`
+	x=`sed -ne 's/.*{ "'$base'", \(cmd_[^, ]*\).*/'$base'	\1/p' git.c`
+	if test -z "$x"
+	then
+		echo "$base is builtin but not listed in git.c command list"
+		bad=1
+	fi
+	for sfx in sh perl py
+	do
+		if test -f "$builtin.$sfx"
+		then
+			echo "$base is builtin but $builtin.$sfx still exists"
+			bad=1
+		fi
+	done
+    done
+    exit $bad
+}
diff --git a/check-racy.c b/check-racy.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00d92a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/check-racy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	int i;
+	int dirty, clean, racy;
+
+	dirty = clean = racy = 0;
+	read_cache();
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (lstat(ce->name, &st)) {
+			error("lstat(%s): %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0))
+			dirty++;
+		else if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY))
+			racy++;
+		else
+			clean++;
+	}
+	printf("dirty %d, clean %d, racy %d\n", dirty, clean, racy);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/check_bindir b/check_bindir
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a1c4c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/check_bindir
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+bindir="$1"
+gitexecdir="$2"
+gitcmd="$3"
+if test "$bindir" != "$gitexecdir" -a -x "$gitcmd"
+then
+	echo
+	echo "!! You have installed git-* commands to new gitexecdir."
+	echo "!! Old version git-* commands still remain in bindir."
+	echo "!! Mixing two versions of Git will lead to problems."
+	echo "!! Please remove old version commands in bindir now."
+	echo
+fi
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62977f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/color.c
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "color.h"
+
+int git_use_color_default = 0;
+
+static int parse_color(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	static const char * const color_names[] = {
+		"normal", "black", "red", "green", "yellow",
+		"blue", "magenta", "cyan", "white"
+	};
+	char *end;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(color_names); i++) {
+		const char *str = color_names[i];
+		if (!strncasecmp(name, str, len) && !str[len])
+			return i - 1;
+	}
+	i = strtol(name, &end, 10);
+	if (end - name == len && i >= -1 && i <= 255)
+		return i;
+	return -2;
+}
+
+static int parse_attr(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	static const int attr_values[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+	static const char * const attr_names[] = {
+		"bold", "dim", "ul", "blink", "reverse"
+	};
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(attr_names); i++) {
+		const char *str = attr_names[i];
+		if (!strncasecmp(name, str, len) && !str[len])
+			return attr_values[i];
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+void color_parse(const char *value, const char *var, char *dst)
+{
+	color_parse_mem(value, strlen(value), var, dst);
+}
+
+void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
+		char *dst)
+{
+	const char *ptr = value;
+	int len = value_len;
+	int attr = -1;
+	int fg = -2;
+	int bg = -2;
+
+	if (!strncasecmp(value, "reset", len)) {
+		strcpy(dst, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* [fg [bg]] [attr] */
+	while (len > 0) {
+		const char *word = ptr;
+		int val, wordlen = 0;
+
+		while (len > 0 && !isspace(word[wordlen])) {
+			wordlen++;
+			len--;
+		}
+
+		ptr = word + wordlen;
+		while (len > 0 && isspace(*ptr)) {
+			ptr++;
+			len--;
+		}
+
+		val = parse_color(word, wordlen);
+		if (val >= -1) {
+			if (fg == -2) {
+				fg = val;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (bg == -2) {
+				bg = val;
+				continue;
+			}
+			goto bad;
+		}
+		val = parse_attr(word, wordlen);
+		if (val < 0 || attr != -1)
+			goto bad;
+		attr = val;
+	}
+
+	if (attr >= 0 || fg >= 0 || bg >= 0) {
+		int sep = 0;
+
+		*dst++ = '\033';
+		*dst++ = '[';
+		if (attr >= 0) {
+			*dst++ = '0' + attr;
+			sep++;
+		}
+		if (fg >= 0) {
+			if (sep++)
+				*dst++ = ';';
+			if (fg < 8) {
+				*dst++ = '3';
+				*dst++ = '0' + fg;
+			} else {
+				dst += sprintf(dst, "38;5;%d", fg);
+			}
+		}
+		if (bg >= 0) {
+			if (sep++)
+				*dst++ = ';';
+			if (bg < 8) {
+				*dst++ = '4';
+				*dst++ = '0' + bg;
+			} else {
+				dst += sprintf(dst, "48;5;%d", bg);
+			}
+		}
+		*dst++ = 'm';
+	}
+	*dst = 0;
+	return;
+bad:
+	die("bad color value '%.*s' for variable '%s'", value_len, value, var);
+}
+
+int git_config_colorbool(const char *var, const char *value, int stdout_is_tty)
+{
+	if (value) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "never"))
+			return 0;
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "always"))
+			return 1;
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "auto"))
+			goto auto_color;
+	}
+
+	/* Missing or explicit false to turn off colorization */
+	if (!git_config_bool(var, value))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* any normal truth value defaults to 'auto' */
+ auto_color:
+	if (stdout_is_tty < 0)
+		stdout_is_tty = isatty(1);
+	if (stdout_is_tty || (pager_in_use() && pager_use_color)) {
+		char *term = getenv("TERM");
+		if (term && strcmp(term, "dumb"))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_color_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.ui")) {
+		git_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value, -1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int color_vfprintf(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt,
+		va_list args, const char *trail)
+{
+	int r = 0;
+
+	if (*color)
+		r += fprintf(fp, "%s", color);
+	r += vfprintf(fp, fmt, args);
+	if (*color)
+		r += fprintf(fp, "%s", GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+	if (trail)
+		r += fprintf(fp, "%s", trail);
+	return r;
+}
+
+
+
+int color_fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int r;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	r = color_vfprintf(fp, color, fmt, args, NULL);
+	va_end(args);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int color_fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int r;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	r = color_vfprintf(fp, color, fmt, args, "\n");
+	va_end(args);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function splits the buffer by newlines and colors the lines individually.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success.
+ */
+int color_fwrite_lines(FILE *fp, const char *color,
+		size_t count, const char *buf)
+{
+	if (!*color)
+		return fwrite(buf, count, 1, fp) != 1;
+	while (count) {
+		char *p = memchr(buf, '\n', count);
+		if (p != buf && (fputs(color, fp) < 0 ||
+				fwrite(buf, p ? p - buf : count, 1, fp) != 1 ||
+				fputs(GIT_COLOR_RESET, fp) < 0))
+			return -1;
+		if (!p)
+			return 0;
+		if (fputc('\n', fp) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		count -= p + 1 - buf;
+		buf = p + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/color.h b/color.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cb4b7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef COLOR_H
+#define COLOR_H
+
+/* "\033[1;38;5;2xx;48;5;2xxm\0" is 23 bytes */
+#define COLOR_MAXLEN 24
+
+/*
+ * IMPORTANT: Due to the way these color codes are emulated on Windows,
+ * write them only using printf(), fprintf(), and fputs(). In particular,
+ * do not use puts() or write().
+ */
+#define GIT_COLOR_NORMAL	""
+#define GIT_COLOR_RESET		"\033[m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_BOLD		"\033[1m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_RED		"\033[31m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_GREEN		"\033[32m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_YELLOW	"\033[33m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_BLUE		"\033[34m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_MAGENTA	"\033[35m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_CYAN		"\033[36m"
+#define GIT_COLOR_BG_RED	"\033[41m"
+
+/*
+ * This variable stores the value of color.ui
+ */
+extern int git_use_color_default;
+
+
+/*
+ * Use this instead of git_default_config if you need the value of color.ui.
+ */
+int git_color_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+
+int git_config_colorbool(const char *var, const char *value, int stdout_is_tty);
+void color_parse(const char *value, const char *var, char *dst);
+void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int len, const char *var, char *dst);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+int color_fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+int color_fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
+int color_fwrite_lines(FILE *fp, const char *color, size_t count, const char *buf);
+
+#endif /* COLOR_H */
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6162691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1071 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr, int n, int num_parent)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct combine_diff_path *p;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!n) {
+		struct combine_diff_path *list = NULL, **tail = &list;
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			int len;
+			const char *path;
+			if (diff_unmodified_pair(q->queue[i]))
+				continue;
+			path = q->queue[i]->two->path;
+			len = strlen(path);
+			p = xmalloc(combine_diff_path_size(num_parent, len));
+			p->path = (char *) &(p->parent[num_parent]);
+			memcpy(p->path, path, len);
+			p->path[len] = 0;
+			p->len = len;
+			p->next = NULL;
+			memset(p->parent, 0,
+			       sizeof(p->parent[0]) * num_parent);
+
+			hashcpy(p->sha1, q->queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			p->mode = q->queue[i]->two->mode;
+			hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+			p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
+			p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
+			*tail = p;
+			tail = &p->next;
+		}
+		return list;
+	}
+
+	for (p = curr; p; p = p->next) {
+		int found = 0;
+		if (!p->len)
+			continue;
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			const char *path;
+			int len;
+
+			if (diff_unmodified_pair(q->queue[i]))
+				continue;
+			path = q->queue[i]->two->path;
+			len = strlen(path);
+			if (len == p->len && !memcmp(path, p->path, len)) {
+				found = 1;
+				hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+				p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
+				p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!found)
+			p->len = 0;
+	}
+	return curr;
+}
+
+/* Lines lost from parent */
+struct lline {
+	struct lline *next;
+	int len;
+	unsigned long parent_map;
+	char line[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+/* Lines surviving in the merge result */
+struct sline {
+	struct lline *lost_head, **lost_tail;
+	struct lline *next_lost;
+	char *bol;
+	int len;
+	/* bit 0 up to (N-1) are on if the parent has this line (i.e.
+	 * we did not change it).
+	 * bit N is used for "interesting" lines, including context.
+	 * bit (N+1) is used for "do not show deletion before this".
+	 */
+	unsigned long flag;
+	unsigned long *p_lno;
+};
+
+static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	char *blob;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		blob = xmalloc(100);
+		*size = snprintf(blob, 100,
+				 "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		/* deleted blob */
+		*size = 0;
+		return xcalloc(1, 1);
+	} else {
+		blob = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, size);
+		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+			die("object '%s' is not a blob!", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	return blob;
+}
+
+static void append_lost(struct sline *sline, int n, const char *line, int len)
+{
+	struct lline *lline;
+	unsigned long this_mask = (1UL<<n);
+	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+
+	/* Check to see if we can squash things */
+	if (sline->lost_head) {
+		lline = sline->next_lost;
+		while (lline) {
+			if (lline->len == len &&
+			    !memcmp(lline->line, line, len)) {
+				lline->parent_map |= this_mask;
+				sline->next_lost = lline->next;
+				return;
+			}
+			lline = lline->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	lline = xmalloc(sizeof(*lline) + len + 1);
+	lline->len = len;
+	lline->next = NULL;
+	lline->parent_map = this_mask;
+	memcpy(lline->line, line, len);
+	lline->line[len] = 0;
+	*sline->lost_tail = lline;
+	sline->lost_tail = &lline->next;
+	sline->next_lost = NULL;
+}
+
+struct combine_diff_state {
+	unsigned int lno;
+	int ob, on, nb, nn;
+	unsigned long nmask;
+	int num_parent;
+	int n;
+	struct sline *sline;
+	struct sline *lost_bucket;
+};
+
+static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_state *state = state_;
+	if (5 < len && !memcmp("@@ -", line, 4)) {
+		if (parse_hunk_header(line, len,
+				      &state->ob, &state->on,
+				      &state->nb, &state->nn))
+			return;
+		state->lno = state->nb;
+		if (state->nn == 0) {
+			/* @@ -X,Y +N,0 @@ removed Y lines
+			 * that would have come *after* line N
+			 * in the result.  Our lost buckets hang
+			 * to the line after the removed lines,
+			 *
+			 * Note that this is correct even when N == 0,
+			 * in which case the hunk removes the first
+			 * line in the file.
+			 */
+			state->lost_bucket = &state->sline[state->nb];
+			if (!state->nb)
+				state->nb = 1;
+		} else {
+			state->lost_bucket = &state->sline[state->nb-1];
+		}
+		if (!state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno)
+			state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno =
+				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
+					sizeof(unsigned long));
+		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
+		state->lost_bucket->next_lost = state->lost_bucket->lost_head;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!state->lost_bucket)
+		return; /* not in any hunk yet */
+	switch (line[0]) {
+	case '-':
+		append_lost(state->lost_bucket, state->n, line+1, len-1);
+		break;
+	case '+':
+		state->sline[state->lno-1].flag |= state->nmask;
+		state->lno++;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
+			 mmfile_t *result_file,
+			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
+			 int num_parent)
+{
+	unsigned int p_lno, lno;
+	unsigned long nmask = (1UL << n);
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	mmfile_t parent_file;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+	struct combine_diff_state state;
+	unsigned long sz;
+
+	if (!cnt)
+		return; /* result deleted */
+
+	parent_file.ptr = grab_blob(parent, mode, &sz);
+	parent_file.size = sz;
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	state.nmask = nmask;
+	state.sline = sline;
+	state.lno = 1;
+	state.num_parent = num_parent;
+	state.n = n;
+
+	xdi_diff_outf(&parent_file, result_file, consume_line, &state,
+		      &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	free(parent_file.ptr);
+
+	/* Assign line numbers for this parent.
+	 *
+	 * sline[lno].p_lno[n] records the first line number
+	 * (counting from 1) for parent N if the final hunk display
+	 * started by showing sline[lno] (possibly showing the lost
+	 * lines attached to it first).
+	 */
+	for (lno = 0,  p_lno = 1; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
+		struct lline *ll;
+		sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno;
+
+		/* How many lines would this sline advance the p_lno? */
+		ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		while (ll) {
+			if (ll->parent_map & nmask)
+				p_lno++; /* '-' means parent had it */
+			ll = ll->next;
+		}
+		if (lno < cnt && !(sline[lno].flag & nmask))
+			p_lno++; /* no '+' means parent had it */
+	}
+	sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno; /* trailer */
+}
+
+static unsigned long context = 3;
+static char combine_marker = '@';
+
+static int interesting(struct sline *sline, unsigned long all_mask)
+{
+	/* If some parents lost lines here, or if we have added to
+	 * some parent, it is interesting.
+	 */
+	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost_head);
+}
+
+static unsigned long adjust_hunk_tail(struct sline *sline,
+				      unsigned long all_mask,
+				      unsigned long hunk_begin,
+				      unsigned long i)
+{
+	/* i points at the first uninteresting line.  If the last line
+	 * of the hunk was interesting only because it has some
+	 * deletion, then it is not all that interesting for the
+	 * purpose of giving trailing context lines.  This is because
+	 * we output '-' line and then unmodified sline[i-1] itself in
+	 * that case which gives us one extra context line.
+	 */
+	if ((hunk_begin + 1 <= i) && !(sline[i-1].flag & all_mask))
+		i--;
+	return i;
+}
+
+static unsigned long find_next(struct sline *sline,
+			       unsigned long mark,
+			       unsigned long i,
+			       unsigned long cnt,
+			       int look_for_uninteresting)
+{
+	/* We have examined up to i-1 and are about to look at i.
+	 * Find next interesting or uninteresting line.  Here,
+	 * "interesting" does not mean interesting(), but marked by
+	 * the give_context() function below (i.e. it includes context
+	 * lines that are not interesting to interesting() function
+	 * that are surrounded by interesting() ones.
+	 */
+	while (i <= cnt)
+		if (look_for_uninteresting
+		    ? !(sline[i].flag & mark)
+		    : (sline[i].flag & mark))
+			return i;
+		else
+			i++;
+	return i;
+}
+
+static int give_context(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent)
+{
+	unsigned long all_mask = (1UL<<num_parent) - 1;
+	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
+	unsigned long no_pre_delete = (2UL<<num_parent);
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	/* Two groups of interesting lines may have a short gap of
+	 * uninteresting lines.  Connect such groups to give them a
+	 * bit of context.
+	 *
+	 * We first start from what the interesting() function says,
+	 * and mark them with "mark", and paint context lines with the
+	 * mark.  So interesting() would still say false for such context
+	 * lines but they are treated as "interesting" in the end.
+	 */
+	i = find_next(sline, mark, 0, cnt, 0);
+	if (cnt < i)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (i <= cnt) {
+		unsigned long j = (context < i) ? (i - context) : 0;
+		unsigned long k;
+
+		/* Paint a few lines before the first interesting line. */
+		while (j < i)
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark | no_pre_delete;
+
+	again:
+		/* we know up to i is to be included.  where does the
+		 * next uninteresting one start?
+		 */
+		j = find_next(sline, mark, i, cnt, 1);
+		if (cnt < j)
+			break; /* the rest are all interesting */
+
+		/* lookahead context lines */
+		k = find_next(sline, mark, j, cnt, 0);
+		j = adjust_hunk_tail(sline, all_mask, i, j);
+
+		if (k < j + context) {
+			/* k is interesting and [j,k) are not, but
+			 * paint them interesting because the gap is small.
+			 */
+			while (j < k)
+				sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+			i = k;
+			goto again;
+		}
+
+		/* j is the first uninteresting line and there is
+		 * no overlap beyond it within context lines.  Paint
+		 * the trailing edge a bit.
+		 */
+		i = k;
+		k = (j + context < cnt+1) ? j + context : cnt+1;
+		while (j < k)
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int make_hunks(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
+		       int num_parent, int dense)
+{
+	unsigned long all_mask = (1UL<<num_parent) - 1;
+	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
+	unsigned long i;
+	int has_interesting = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= cnt; i++) {
+		if (interesting(&sline[i], all_mask))
+			sline[i].flag |= mark;
+		else
+			sline[i].flag &= ~mark;
+	}
+	if (!dense)
+		return give_context(sline, cnt, num_parent);
+
+	/* Look at each hunk, and if we have changes from only one
+	 * parent, or the changes are the same from all but one
+	 * parent, mark that uninteresting.
+	 */
+	i = 0;
+	while (i <= cnt) {
+		unsigned long j, hunk_begin, hunk_end;
+		unsigned long same_diff;
+		while (i <= cnt && !(sline[i].flag & mark))
+			i++;
+		if (cnt < i)
+			break; /* No more interesting hunks */
+		hunk_begin = i;
+		for (j = i + 1; j <= cnt; j++) {
+			if (!(sline[j].flag & mark)) {
+				/* Look beyond the end to see if there
+				 * is an interesting line after this
+				 * hunk within context span.
+				 */
+				unsigned long la; /* lookahead */
+				int contin = 0;
+				la = adjust_hunk_tail(sline, all_mask,
+						     hunk_begin, j);
+				la = (la + context < cnt + 1) ?
+					(la + context) : cnt + 1;
+				while (j <= --la) {
+					if (sline[la].flag & mark) {
+						contin = 1;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if (!contin)
+					break;
+				j = la;
+			}
+		}
+		hunk_end = j;
+
+		/* [i..hunk_end) are interesting.  Now is it really
+		 * interesting?  We check if there are only two versions
+		 * and the result matches one of them.  That is, we look
+		 * at:
+		 *   (+) line, which records lines added to which parents;
+		 *       this line appears in the result.
+		 *   (-) line, which records from what parents the line
+		 *       was removed; this line does not appear in the result.
+		 * then check the set of parents the result has difference
+		 * from, from all lines.  If there are lines that has
+		 * different set of parents that the result has differences
+		 * from, that means we have more than two versions.
+		 *
+		 * Even when we have only two versions, if the result does
+		 * not match any of the parents, the it should be considered
+		 * interesting.  In such a case, we would have all '+' line.
+		 * After passing the above "two versions" test, that would
+		 * appear as "the same set of parents" to be "all parents".
+		 */
+		same_diff = 0;
+		has_interesting = 0;
+		for (j = i; j < hunk_end && !has_interesting; j++) {
+			unsigned long this_diff = sline[j].flag & all_mask;
+			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost_head;
+			if (this_diff) {
+				/* This has some changes.  Is it the
+				 * same as others?
+				 */
+				if (!same_diff)
+					same_diff = this_diff;
+				else if (same_diff != this_diff) {
+					has_interesting = 1;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			while (ll && !has_interesting) {
+				/* Lost this line from these parents;
+				 * who are they?  Are they the same?
+				 */
+				this_diff = ll->parent_map;
+				if (!same_diff)
+					same_diff = this_diff;
+				else if (same_diff != this_diff) {
+					has_interesting = 1;
+				}
+				ll = ll->next;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!has_interesting && same_diff != all_mask) {
+			/* This hunk is not that interesting after all */
+			for (j = hunk_begin; j < hunk_end; j++)
+				sline[j].flag &= ~mark;
+		}
+		i = hunk_end;
+	}
+
+	has_interesting = give_context(sline, cnt, num_parent);
+	return has_interesting;
+}
+
+static void show_parent_lno(struct sline *sline, unsigned long l0, unsigned long l1, int n, unsigned long null_context)
+{
+	l0 = sline[l0].p_lno[n];
+	l1 = sline[l1].p_lno[n];
+	printf(" -%lu,%lu", l0, l1-l0-null_context);
+}
+
+static int hunk_comment_line(const char *bol)
+{
+	int ch;
+
+	if (!bol)
+		return 0;
+	ch = *bol & 0xff;
+	return (isalpha(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '$');
+}
+
+static void show_line_to_eol(const char *line, int len, const char *reset)
+{
+	int saw_cr_at_eol = 0;
+	if (len < 0)
+		len = strlen(line);
+	saw_cr_at_eol = (len && line[len-1] == '\r');
+
+	printf("%.*s%s%s\n", len - saw_cr_at_eol, line,
+	       reset,
+	       saw_cr_at_eol ? "\r" : "");
+}
+
+static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
+		       int use_color)
+{
+	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
+	unsigned long no_pre_delete = (2UL<<num_parent);
+	int i;
+	unsigned long lno = 0;
+	const char *c_frag = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *c_func = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FUNCINFO);
+	const char *c_new = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	const char *c_old = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+	const char *c_plain = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
+
+	if (!cnt)
+		return; /* result deleted */
+
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned long hunk_end;
+		unsigned long rlines;
+		const char *hunk_comment = NULL;
+		unsigned long null_context = 0;
+
+		while (lno <= cnt && !(sline[lno].flag & mark)) {
+			if (hunk_comment_line(sline[lno].bol))
+				hunk_comment = sline[lno].bol;
+			lno++;
+		}
+		if (cnt < lno)
+			break;
+		else {
+			for (hunk_end = lno + 1; hunk_end <= cnt; hunk_end++)
+				if (!(sline[hunk_end].flag & mark))
+					break;
+		}
+		rlines = hunk_end - lno;
+		if (cnt < hunk_end)
+			rlines--; /* pointing at the last delete hunk */
+
+		if (!context) {
+			/*
+			 * Even when running with --unified=0, all
+			 * lines in the hunk needs to be processed in
+			 * the loop below in order to show the
+			 * deletion recorded in lost_head.  However,
+			 * we do not want to show the resulting line
+			 * with all blank context markers in such a
+			 * case.  Compensate.
+			 */
+			unsigned long j;
+			for (j = lno; j < hunk_end; j++)
+				if (!(sline[j].flag & (mark-1)))
+					null_context++;
+			rlines -= null_context;
+		}
+
+		fputs(c_frag, stdout);
+		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			show_parent_lno(sline, lno, hunk_end, i, null_context);
+		printf(" +%lu,%lu ", lno+1, rlines);
+		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
+
+		if (hunk_comment) {
+			int comment_end = 0;
+			for (i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+				int ch = hunk_comment[i] & 0xff;
+				if (!ch || ch == '\n')
+					break;
+				if (!isspace(ch))
+				    comment_end = i;
+			}
+			if (comment_end)
+				printf("%s%s %s%s", c_reset,
+						    c_plain, c_reset,
+						    c_func);
+			for (i = 0; i < comment_end; i++)
+				putchar(hunk_comment[i]);
+		}
+
+		printf("%s\n", c_reset);
+		while (lno < hunk_end) {
+			struct lline *ll;
+			int j;
+			unsigned long p_mask;
+			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno++];
+			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost_head;
+			while (ll) {
+				fputs(c_old, stdout);
+				for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
+					if (ll->parent_map & (1UL<<j))
+						putchar('-');
+					else
+						putchar(' ');
+				}
+				show_line_to_eol(ll->line, -1, c_reset);
+				ll = ll->next;
+			}
+			if (cnt < lno)
+				break;
+			p_mask = 1;
+			if (!(sl->flag & (mark-1))) {
+				/*
+				 * This sline was here to hang the
+				 * lost lines in front of it.
+				 */
+				if (!context)
+					continue;
+				fputs(c_plain, stdout);
+			}
+			else
+				fputs(c_new, stdout);
+			for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
+				if (p_mask & sl->flag)
+					putchar('+');
+				else
+					putchar(' ');
+				p_mask <<= 1;
+			}
+			show_line_to_eol(sl->bol, sl->len, c_reset);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
+			       int i, int j)
+{
+	/* We have already examined parent j and we know parent i
+	 * and parent j are the same, so reuse the combined result
+	 * of parent j for parent i.
+	 */
+	unsigned long lno, imask, jmask;
+	imask = (1UL<<i);
+	jmask = (1UL<<j);
+
+	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
+		struct lline *ll = sline->lost_head;
+		sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
+		while (ll) {
+			if (ll->parent_map & jmask)
+				ll->parent_map |= imask;
+			ll = ll->next;
+		}
+		if (sline->flag & jmask)
+			sline->flag |= imask;
+		sline++;
+	}
+	/* the overall size of the file (sline[cnt]) */
+	sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
+}
+
+static void dump_quoted_path(const char *head,
+			     const char *prefix,
+			     const char *path,
+			     const char *c_meta, const char *c_reset)
+{
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_meta);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, head);
+	quote_two_c_style(&buf, prefix, path, 0);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_reset);
+	puts(buf.buf);
+}
+
+static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
+			    int dense, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	unsigned long result_size, cnt, lno;
+	char *result, *cp;
+	struct sline *sline; /* survived lines */
+	int mode_differs = 0;
+	int i, show_hunks;
+	int working_tree_file = is_null_sha1(elem->sha1);
+	int abbrev = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FULL_INDEX) ? 40 : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
+	mmfile_t result_file;
+
+	context = opt->context;
+	a_prefix = opt->a_prefix ? opt->a_prefix : "a/";
+	b_prefix = opt->b_prefix ? opt->b_prefix : "b/";
+
+	/* Read the result of merge first */
+	if (!working_tree_file)
+		result = grab_blob(elem->sha1, elem->mode, &result_size);
+	else {
+		/* Used by diff-tree to read from the working tree */
+		struct stat st;
+		int fd = -1;
+
+		if (lstat(elem->path, &st) < 0)
+			goto deleted_file;
+
+		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			if (strbuf_readlink(&buf, elem->path, st.st_size) < 0) {
+				error("readlink(%s): %s", elem->path,
+				      strerror(errno));
+				return;
+			}
+			result_size = buf.len;
+			result = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+			elem->mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(elem->path, "HEAD", sha1) < 0)
+				result = grab_blob(elem->sha1, elem->mode, &result_size);
+			else
+				result = grab_blob(sha1, elem->mode, &result_size);
+		} else if (0 <= (fd = open(elem->path, O_RDONLY))) {
+			size_t len = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+			ssize_t done;
+			int is_file, i;
+
+			elem->mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);
+			/* if symlinks don't work, assume symlink if all parents
+			 * are symlinks
+			 */
+			is_file = has_symlinks;
+			for (i = 0; !is_file && i < num_parent; i++)
+				is_file = !S_ISLNK(elem->parent[i].mode);
+			if (!is_file)
+				elem->mode = canon_mode(S_IFLNK);
+
+			result_size = len;
+			result = xmalloc(len + 1);
+
+			done = read_in_full(fd, result, len);
+			if (done < 0)
+				die_errno("read error '%s'", elem->path);
+			else if (done < len)
+				die("early EOF '%s'", elem->path);
+
+			result[len] = 0;
+
+			/* If not a fake symlink, apply filters, e.g. autocrlf */
+			if (is_file) {
+				struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+				if (convert_to_git(elem->path, result, len, &buf, safe_crlf)) {
+					free(result);
+					result = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+					result_size = len;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+		deleted_file:
+			result_size = 0;
+			elem->mode = 0;
+			result = xcalloc(1, 1);
+		}
+
+		if (0 <= fd)
+			close(fd);
+	}
+
+	for (cnt = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '\n')
+			cnt++;
+	}
+	if (result_size && result[result_size-1] != '\n')
+		cnt++; /* incomplete line */
+
+	sline = xcalloc(cnt+2, sizeof(*sline));
+	sline[0].bol = result;
+	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt + 1; lno++) {
+		sline[lno].lost_tail = &sline[lno].lost_head;
+		sline[lno].flag = 0;
+	}
+	for (lno = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '\n') {
+			sline[lno].len = cp - sline[lno].bol;
+			lno++;
+			if (lno < cnt)
+				sline[lno].bol = cp + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (result_size && result[result_size-1] != '\n')
+		sline[cnt-1].len = result_size - (sline[cnt-1].bol - result);
+
+	result_file.ptr = result;
+	result_file.size = result_size;
+
+	/* Even p_lno[cnt+1] is valid -- that is for the end line number
+	 * for deletion hunk at the end.
+	 */
+	sline[0].p_lno = xcalloc((cnt+2) * num_parent, sizeof(unsigned long));
+	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++)
+		sline[lno+1].p_lno = sline[lno].p_lno + num_parent;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+		int j;
+		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+			if (!hashcmp(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+				     elem->parent[j].sha1)) {
+				reuse_combine_diff(sline, cnt, i, j);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (i <= j)
+			combine_diff(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+				     elem->parent[i].mode,
+				     &result_file, sline,
+				     cnt, i, num_parent);
+		if (elem->parent[i].mode != elem->mode)
+			mode_differs = 1;
+	}
+
+	show_hunks = make_hunks(sline, cnt, num_parent, dense);
+
+	if (show_hunks || mode_differs || working_tree_file) {
+		const char *abb;
+		int use_color = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, COLOR_DIFF);
+		const char *c_meta = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
+		const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
+		int added = 0;
+		int deleted = 0;
+
+		if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
+			show_log(rev);
+		dump_quoted_path(dense ? "diff --cc " : "diff --combined ",
+				 "", elem->path, c_meta, c_reset);
+		printf("%sindex ", c_meta);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+			abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
+						 abbrev);
+			printf("%s%s", i ? "," : "", abb);
+		}
+		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->sha1, abbrev);
+		printf("..%s%s\n", abb, c_reset);
+
+		if (mode_differs) {
+			deleted = !elem->mode;
+
+			/* We say it was added if nobody had it */
+			added = !deleted;
+			for (i = 0; added && i < num_parent; i++)
+				if (elem->parent[i].status !=
+				    DIFF_STATUS_ADDED)
+					added = 0;
+			if (added)
+				printf("%snew file mode %06o",
+				       c_meta, elem->mode);
+			else {
+				if (deleted)
+					printf("%sdeleted file ", c_meta);
+				printf("mode ");
+				for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+					printf("%s%06o", i ? "," : "",
+					       elem->parent[i].mode);
+				}
+				if (elem->mode)
+					printf("..%06o", elem->mode);
+			}
+			printf("%s\n", c_reset);
+		}
+		if (added)
+			dump_quoted_path("--- ", "", "/dev/null",
+					 c_meta, c_reset);
+		else
+			dump_quoted_path("--- ", a_prefix, elem->path,
+					 c_meta, c_reset);
+		if (deleted)
+			dump_quoted_path("+++ ", "", "/dev/null",
+					 c_meta, c_reset);
+		else
+			dump_quoted_path("+++ ", b_prefix, elem->path,
+					 c_meta, c_reset);
+		dump_sline(sline, cnt, num_parent,
+			   DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, COLOR_DIFF));
+	}
+	free(result);
+
+	for (lno = 0; lno < cnt; lno++) {
+		if (sline[lno].lost_head) {
+			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+			while (ll) {
+				struct lline *tmp = ll;
+				ll = ll->next;
+				free(tmp);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	free(sline[0].p_lno);
+	free(sline);
+}
+
+#define COLONS "::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"
+
+static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	int i, offset;
+	const char *prefix;
+	int line_termination, inter_name_termination;
+
+	line_termination = opt->line_termination;
+	inter_name_termination = '\t';
+	if (!line_termination)
+		inter_name_termination = 0;
+
+	if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
+		show_log(rev);
+
+	if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_RAW) {
+		offset = strlen(COLONS) - num_parent;
+		if (offset < 0)
+			offset = 0;
+		prefix = COLONS + offset;
+
+		/* Show the modes */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+			printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->parent[i].mode);
+			prefix = " ";
+		}
+		printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->mode);
+
+		/* Show sha1's */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			printf(" %s", diff_unique_abbrev(p->parent[i].sha1,
+							 opt->abbrev));
+		printf(" %s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+	}
+
+	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW | DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			putchar(p->parent[i].status);
+		putchar(inter_name_termination);
+	}
+
+	write_name_quoted(p->path, stdout, line_termination);
+}
+
+void show_combined_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p,
+		       int num_parent,
+		       int dense,
+		       struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	if (!p->len)
+		return;
+	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
+				  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
+				  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS))
+		show_raw_diff(p, num_parent, rev);
+	else if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH)
+		show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense, rev);
+}
+
+void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			const unsigned char parent[][20],
+			int num_parent,
+			int dense,
+			struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	struct diff_options diffopts;
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, *paths = NULL;
+	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first;
+
+	diffopts = *opt;
+	diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopts, RECURSIVE);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&diffopts, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
+
+	show_log_first = !!rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id;
+	needsep = 0;
+	/* find set of paths that everybody touches */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+		/* show stat against the first parent even
+		 * when doing combined diff.
+		 */
+		int stat_opt = (opt->output_format &
+				(DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT));
+		if (i == 0 && stat_opt)
+			diffopts.output_format = stat_opt;
+		else
+			diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent[i], sha1, "", &diffopts);
+		diffcore_std(&diffopts);
+		paths = intersect_paths(paths, i, num_parent);
+
+		if (show_log_first && i == 0) {
+			show_log(rev);
+			if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format)
+				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+		}
+		diff_flush(&diffopts);
+	}
+
+	/* find out surviving paths */
+	for (num_paths = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->len)
+			num_paths++;
+	}
+	if (num_paths) {
+		if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
+					  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
+					  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
+			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
+				if (p->len)
+					show_raw_diff(p, num_parent, rev);
+			}
+			needsep = 1;
+		}
+		else if (opt->output_format &
+			 (DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT))
+			needsep = 1;
+		if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
+			if (needsep)
+				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
+				if (p->len)
+					show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
+							rev);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Clean things up */
+	while (paths) {
+		struct combine_diff_path *tmp = paths;
+		paths = paths->next;
+		free(tmp);
+	}
+}
+
+void diff_tree_combined_merge(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     int dense, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int num_parent;
+	const unsigned char (*parent)[20];
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	/* count parents */
+	for (parents = commit->parents, num_parent = 0;
+	     parents;
+	     parents = parents->next, num_parent++)
+		; /* nothing */
+
+	parent = xmalloc(num_parent * sizeof(*parent));
+	for (parents = commit->parents, num_parent = 0;
+	     parents;
+	     parents = parents->next, num_parent++)
+		hashcpy((unsigned char *)(parent + num_parent),
+			parents->item->object.sha1);
+	diff_tree_combined(sha1, parent, num_parent, dense, rev);
+}
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95bf18c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# List of known git commands.
+# command name				category [deprecated] [common]
+git-add                                 mainporcelain common
+git-am                                  mainporcelain
+git-annotate                            ancillaryinterrogators
+git-apply                               plumbingmanipulators
+git-archimport                          foreignscminterface
+git-archive                             mainporcelain
+git-bisect                              mainporcelain common
+git-blame                               ancillaryinterrogators
+git-branch                              mainporcelain common
+git-bundle                              mainporcelain
+git-cat-file                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-check-attr                          purehelpers
+git-checkout                            mainporcelain common
+git-checkout-index                      plumbingmanipulators
+git-check-ref-format                    purehelpers
+git-cherry                              ancillaryinterrogators
+git-cherry-pick                         mainporcelain
+git-citool                              mainporcelain
+git-clean                               mainporcelain
+git-clone                               mainporcelain common
+git-commit                              mainporcelain common
+git-commit-tree                         plumbingmanipulators
+git-config                              ancillarymanipulators
+git-count-objects                       ancillaryinterrogators
+git-cvsexportcommit                     foreignscminterface
+git-cvsimport                           foreignscminterface
+git-cvsserver                           foreignscminterface
+git-daemon                              synchingrepositories
+git-describe                            mainporcelain
+git-diff                                mainporcelain common
+git-diff-files                          plumbinginterrogators
+git-diff-index                          plumbinginterrogators
+git-diff-tree                           plumbinginterrogators
+git-difftool                            ancillaryinterrogators
+git-fast-export				ancillarymanipulators
+git-fast-import				ancillarymanipulators
+git-fetch                               mainporcelain common
+git-fetch-pack                          synchingrepositories
+git-filter-branch                       ancillarymanipulators
+git-fmt-merge-msg                       purehelpers
+git-for-each-ref                        plumbinginterrogators
+git-format-patch                        mainporcelain
+git-fsck	                        ancillaryinterrogators
+git-gc                                  mainporcelain
+git-get-tar-commit-id                   ancillaryinterrogators
+git-grep                                mainporcelain common
+git-gui                                 mainporcelain
+git-hash-object                         plumbingmanipulators
+git-help				ancillaryinterrogators
+git-http-backend                        synchingrepositories
+git-http-fetch                          synchelpers
+git-http-push                           synchelpers
+git-imap-send                           foreignscminterface
+git-index-pack                          plumbingmanipulators
+git-init                                mainporcelain common
+git-instaweb                            ancillaryinterrogators
+gitk                                    mainporcelain
+git-log                                 mainporcelain common
+git-lost-found                          ancillarymanipulators	deprecated
+git-ls-files                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-ls-remote                           plumbinginterrogators
+git-ls-tree                             plumbinginterrogators
+git-mailinfo                            purehelpers
+git-mailsplit                           purehelpers
+git-merge                               mainporcelain common
+git-merge-base                          plumbinginterrogators
+git-merge-file                          plumbingmanipulators
+git-merge-index                         plumbingmanipulators
+git-merge-one-file                      purehelpers
+git-mergetool                           ancillarymanipulators
+git-merge-tree                          ancillaryinterrogators
+git-mktag                               plumbingmanipulators
+git-mktree                              plumbingmanipulators
+git-mv                                  mainporcelain common
+git-name-rev                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-notes                               mainporcelain
+git-pack-objects                        plumbingmanipulators
+git-pack-redundant                      plumbinginterrogators
+git-pack-refs                           ancillarymanipulators
+git-parse-remote                        synchelpers
+git-patch-id                            purehelpers
+git-peek-remote                         purehelpers	deprecated
+git-prune                               ancillarymanipulators
+git-prune-packed                        plumbingmanipulators
+git-pull                                mainporcelain common
+git-push                                mainporcelain common
+git-quiltimport                         foreignscminterface
+git-read-tree                           plumbingmanipulators
+git-rebase                              mainporcelain common
+git-receive-pack                        synchelpers
+git-reflog                              ancillarymanipulators
+git-relink                              ancillarymanipulators
+git-remote                              ancillarymanipulators
+git-repack                              ancillarymanipulators
+git-replace                             ancillarymanipulators
+git-repo-config                         ancillarymanipulators	deprecated
+git-request-pull                        foreignscminterface
+git-rerere                              ancillaryinterrogators
+git-reset                               mainporcelain common
+git-revert                              mainporcelain
+git-rev-list                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-rev-parse                           ancillaryinterrogators
+git-rm                                  mainporcelain common
+git-send-email                          foreignscminterface
+git-send-pack                           synchingrepositories
+git-shell                               synchelpers
+git-shortlog                            mainporcelain
+git-show                                mainporcelain common
+git-show-branch                         ancillaryinterrogators
+git-show-index                          plumbinginterrogators
+git-show-ref                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-sh-setup                            purehelpers
+git-stash                               mainporcelain
+git-status                              mainporcelain common
+git-stripspace                          purehelpers
+git-submodule                           mainporcelain
+git-svn                                 foreignscminterface
+git-symbolic-ref                        plumbingmanipulators
+git-tag                                 mainporcelain common
+git-tar-tree                            plumbinginterrogators	deprecated
+git-unpack-file                         plumbinginterrogators
+git-unpack-objects                      plumbingmanipulators
+git-update-index                        plumbingmanipulators
+git-update-ref                          plumbingmanipulators
+git-update-server-info                  synchingrepositories
+git-upload-archive                      synchelpers
+git-upload-pack                         synchelpers
+git-var                                 plumbinginterrogators
+git-verify-pack                         plumbinginterrogators
+git-verify-tag                          ancillaryinterrogators
+git-whatchanged                         ancillaryinterrogators
+git-write-tree                          plumbingmanipulators
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..731191e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+
+int save_commit_buffer = 1;
+
+const char *commit_type = "commit";
+
+static struct commit *check_commit(struct object *obj,
+				   const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   int quiet)
+{
+	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			error("Object %s is a %s, not a commit",
+			      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return (struct commit *) obj;
+}
+
+struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					      int quiet)
+{
+	struct object *obj = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+
+	if (!obj)
+		return NULL;
+	return check_commit(obj, sha1, quiet);
+}
+
+struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 0);
+}
+
+struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, alloc_commit_node());
+	if (!obj->type)
+		obj->type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	return check_commit(obj, sha1, 0);
+}
+
+static unsigned long parse_commit_date(const char *buf, const char *tail)
+{
+	const char *dateptr;
+
+	if (buf + 6 >= tail)
+		return 0;
+	if (memcmp(buf, "author", 6))
+		return 0;
+	while (buf < tail && *buf++ != '\n')
+		/* nada */;
+	if (buf + 9 >= tail)
+		return 0;
+	if (memcmp(buf, "committer", 9))
+		return 0;
+	while (buf < tail && *buf++ != '>')
+		/* nada */;
+	if (buf >= tail)
+		return 0;
+	dateptr = buf;
+	while (buf < tail && *buf++ != '\n')
+		/* nada */;
+	if (buf >= tail)
+		return 0;
+	/* dateptr < buf && buf[-1] == '\n', so strtoul will stop at buf-1 */
+	return strtoul(dateptr, NULL, 10);
+}
+
+static struct commit_graft **commit_graft;
+static int commit_graft_alloc, commit_graft_nr;
+
+static int commit_graft_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int lo, hi;
+	lo = 0;
+	hi = commit_graft_nr;
+	while (lo < hi) {
+		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		struct commit_graft *graft = commit_graft[mi];
+		int cmp = hashcmp(sha1, graft->sha1);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return mi;
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			hi = mi;
+		else
+			lo = mi + 1;
+	}
+	return -lo - 1;
+}
+
+int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *graft, int ignore_dups)
+{
+	int pos = commit_graft_pos(graft->sha1);
+
+	if (0 <= pos) {
+		if (ignore_dups)
+			free(graft);
+		else {
+			free(commit_graft[pos]);
+			commit_graft[pos] = graft;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	pos = -pos - 1;
+	if (commit_graft_alloc <= ++commit_graft_nr) {
+		commit_graft_alloc = alloc_nr(commit_graft_alloc);
+		commit_graft = xrealloc(commit_graft,
+					sizeof(*commit_graft) *
+					commit_graft_alloc);
+	}
+	if (pos < commit_graft_nr)
+		memmove(commit_graft + pos + 1,
+			commit_graft + pos,
+			(commit_graft_nr - pos - 1) *
+			sizeof(*commit_graft));
+	commit_graft[pos] = graft;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct commit_graft *read_graft_line(char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
+	int i;
+	struct commit_graft *graft = NULL;
+
+	while (len && isspace(buf[len-1]))
+		buf[--len] = '\0';
+	if (buf[0] == '#' || buf[0] == '\0')
+		return NULL;
+	if ((len + 1) % 41) {
+	bad_graft_data:
+		error("bad graft data: %s", buf);
+		free(graft);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	i = (len + 1) / 41 - 1;
+	graft = xmalloc(sizeof(*graft) + 20 * i);
+	graft->nr_parent = i;
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buf, graft->sha1))
+		goto bad_graft_data;
+	for (i = 40; i < len; i += 41) {
+		if (buf[i] != ' ')
+			goto bad_graft_data;
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buf + i + 1, graft->parent[i/41]))
+			goto bad_graft_data;
+	}
+	return graft;
+}
+
+static int read_graft_file(const char *graft_file)
+{
+	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
+	char buf[1024];
+	if (!fp)
+		return -1;
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		if (!graft)
+			continue;
+		if (register_commit_graft(graft, 1))
+			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf);
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void prepare_commit_graft(void)
+{
+	static int commit_graft_prepared;
+	char *graft_file;
+
+	if (commit_graft_prepared)
+		return;
+	graft_file = get_graft_file();
+	read_graft_file(graft_file);
+	/* make sure shallows are read */
+	is_repository_shallow();
+	commit_graft_prepared = 1;
+}
+
+struct commit_graft *lookup_commit_graft(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int pos;
+	prepare_commit_graft();
+	pos = commit_graft_pos(sha1);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	return commit_graft[pos];
+}
+
+int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
+{
+	int i, count = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < commit_graft_nr; i++)
+		if (commit_graft[i]->nr_parent < 0) {
+			const char *hex =
+				sha1_to_hex(commit_graft[i]->sha1);
+			count++;
+			if (use_pack_protocol)
+				packet_buf_write(out, "shallow %s", hex);
+			else {
+				strbuf_addstr(out, hex);
+				strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+			}
+		}
+	return count;
+}
+
+int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int pos = commit_graft_pos(sha1);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (pos + 1 < commit_graft_nr)
+		memmove(commit_graft + pos, commit_graft + pos + 1,
+				sizeof(struct commit_graft *)
+				* (commit_graft_nr - pos - 1));
+	commit_graft_nr--;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	char *tail = buffer;
+	char *bufptr = buffer;
+	unsigned char parent[20];
+	struct commit_list **pptr;
+	struct commit_graft *graft;
+
+	if (item->object.parsed)
+		return 0;
+	item->object.parsed = 1;
+	tail += size;
+	if (tail <= bufptr + 46 || memcmp(bufptr, "tree ", 5) || bufptr[45] != '\n')
+		return error("bogus commit object %s", sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	if (get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 5, parent) < 0)
+		return error("bad tree pointer in commit %s",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	item->tree = lookup_tree(parent);
+	bufptr += 46; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+	pptr = &item->parents;
+
+	graft = lookup_commit_graft(item->object.sha1);
+	while (bufptr + 48 < tail && !memcmp(bufptr, "parent ", 7)) {
+		struct commit *new_parent;
+
+		if (tail <= bufptr + 48 ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(bufptr + 7, parent) ||
+		    bufptr[47] != '\n')
+			return error("bad parents in commit %s", sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+		bufptr += 48;
+		/*
+		 * The clone is shallow if nr_parent < 0, and we must
+		 * not traverse its real parents even when we unhide them.
+		 */
+		if (graft && (graft->nr_parent < 0 || grafts_replace_parents))
+			continue;
+		new_parent = lookup_commit(parent);
+		if (new_parent)
+			pptr = &commit_list_insert(new_parent, pptr)->next;
+	}
+	if (graft) {
+		int i;
+		struct commit *new_parent;
+		for (i = 0; i < graft->nr_parent; i++) {
+			new_parent = lookup_commit(graft->parent[i]);
+			if (!new_parent)
+				continue;
+			pptr = &commit_list_insert(new_parent, pptr)->next;
+		}
+	}
+	item->date = parse_commit_date(bufptr, tail);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_commit(struct commit *item)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!item)
+		return -1;
+	if (item->object.parsed)
+		return 0;
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(item->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		return error("Could not read %s",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	if (type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		free(buffer);
+		return error("Object %s not a commit",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	}
+	ret = parse_commit_buffer(item, buffer, size);
+	if (save_commit_buffer && !ret) {
+		item->buffer = buffer;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	free(buffer);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *commit_list_insert(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list_p)
+{
+	struct commit_list *new_list = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+	new_list->item = item;
+	new_list->next = *list_p;
+	*list_p = new_list;
+	return new_list;
+}
+
+unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l)
+{
+	unsigned c = 0;
+	for (; l; l = l->next )
+		c++;
+	return c;
+}
+
+void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *temp = list;
+		list = temp->next;
+		free(temp);
+	}
+}
+
+struct commit_list * insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp = list;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
+		if (p->item->date < item->date) {
+			break;
+		}
+		pp = &p->next;
+	}
+	return commit_list_insert(item, pp);
+}
+
+
+void sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list)
+{
+	struct commit_list *ret = NULL;
+	while (*list) {
+		insert_by_date((*list)->item, &ret);
+		*list = (*list)->next;
+	}
+	*list = ret;
+}
+
+struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
+				      unsigned int mark)
+{
+	struct commit *ret = (*list)->item;
+	struct commit_list *parents = ret->parents;
+	struct commit_list *old = *list;
+
+	*list = (*list)->next;
+	free(old);
+
+	while (parents) {
+		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
+		if (!parse_commit(commit) && !(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
+			commit->object.flags |= mark;
+			insert_by_date(commit, list);
+		}
+		parents = parents->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	while (commit) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (!(mark & commit->object.flags))
+			return;
+
+		commit->object.flags &= ~mark;
+
+		parents = commit->parents;
+		if (!parents)
+			return;
+
+		while ((parents = parents->next))
+			clear_commit_marks(parents->item, mark);
+
+		commit = commit->parents->item;
+	}
+}
+
+struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack)
+{
+	struct commit_list *top = *stack;
+	struct commit *item = top ? top->item : NULL;
+
+	if (top) {
+		*stack = top->next;
+		free(top);
+	}
+	return item;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Performs an in-place topological sort on the list supplied.
+ */
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
+{
+	struct commit_list *next, *orig = *list;
+	struct commit_list *work, **insert;
+	struct commit_list **pptr;
+
+	if (!orig)
+		return;
+	*list = NULL;
+
+	/* Mark them and clear the indegree */
+	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = next->item;
+		commit->indegree = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* update the indegree */
+	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
+		struct commit_list * parents = next->item->parents;
+		while (parents) {
+			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+
+			if (parent->indegree)
+				parent->indegree++;
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * find the tips
+	 *
+	 * tips are nodes not reachable from any other node in the list
+	 *
+	 * the tips serve as a starting set for the work queue.
+	 */
+	work = NULL;
+	insert = &work;
+	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = next->item;
+
+		if (commit->indegree == 1)
+			insert = &commit_list_insert(commit, insert)->next;
+	}
+
+	/* process the list in topological order */
+	if (!lifo)
+		sort_by_date(&work);
+
+	pptr = list;
+	*list = NULL;
+	while (work) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		struct commit_list *parents, *work_item;
+
+		work_item = work;
+		work = work_item->next;
+		work_item->next = NULL;
+
+		commit = work_item->item;
+		for (parents = commit->parents; parents ; parents = parents->next) {
+			struct commit *parent=parents->item;
+
+			if (!parent->indegree)
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * parents are only enqueued for emission
+			 * when all their children have been emitted thereby
+			 * guaranteeing topological order.
+			 */
+			if (--parent->indegree == 1) {
+				if (!lifo)
+					insert_by_date(parent, &work);
+				else
+					commit_list_insert(parent, &work);
+			}
+		}
+		/*
+		 * work_item is a commit all of whose children
+		 * have already been emitted. we can emit it now.
+		 */
+		commit->indegree = 0;
+		*pptr = work_item;
+		pptr = &work_item->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/* merge-base stuff */
+
+/* bits #0..15 in revision.h */
+#define PARENT1		(1u<<16)
+#define PARENT2		(1u<<17)
+#define STALE		(1u<<18)
+#define RESULT		(1u<<19)
+
+static const unsigned all_flags = (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE | RESULT);
+
+static struct commit *interesting(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (commit->object.flags & STALE)
+			continue;
+		return commit;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (one == twos[i])
+			/*
+			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
+			 * have to clean it up.
+			 */
+			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
+	}
+
+	if (parse_commit(one))
+		return NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
+	insert_by_date(one, &list);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		twos[i]->object.flags |= PARENT2;
+		insert_by_date(twos[i], &list);
+	}
+
+	while (interesting(list)) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+		struct commit_list *next;
+		int flags;
+
+		commit = list->item;
+		next = list->next;
+		free(list);
+		list = next;
+
+		flags = commit->object.flags & (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE);
+		if (flags == (PARENT1 | PARENT2)) {
+			if (!(commit->object.flags & RESULT)) {
+				commit->object.flags |= RESULT;
+				insert_by_date(commit, &result);
+			}
+			/* Mark parents of a found merge stale */
+			flags |= STALE;
+		}
+		parents = commit->parents;
+		while (parents) {
+			struct commit *p = parents->item;
+			parents = parents->next;
+			if ((p->object.flags & flags) == flags)
+				continue;
+			if (parse_commit(p))
+				return NULL;
+			p->object.flags |= flags;
+			insert_by_date(p, &list);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Clean up the result to remove stale ones */
+	free_commit_list(list);
+	list = result; result = NULL;
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
+		if (!(list->item->object.flags & STALE))
+			insert_by_date(list->item, &result);
+		free(list);
+		list = next;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in)
+{
+	struct commit_list *i, *j, *k, *ret = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **pptr = &ret;
+
+	for (i = in; i; i = i->next) {
+		if (!ret)
+			pptr = &commit_list_insert(i->item, pptr)->next;
+		else {
+			struct commit_list *new = NULL, *end = NULL;
+
+			for (j = ret; j; j = j->next) {
+				struct commit_list *bases;
+				bases = get_merge_bases(i->item, j->item, 1);
+				if (!new)
+					new = bases;
+				else
+					end->next = bases;
+				for (k = bases; k; k = k->next)
+					end = k;
+			}
+			ret = new;
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
+					 int n,
+					 struct commit **twos,
+					 int cleanup)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	struct commit **rslt;
+	struct commit_list *result;
+	int cnt, i, j;
+
+	result = merge_bases_many(one, n, twos);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (one == twos[i])
+			return result;
+	}
+	if (!result || !result->next) {
+		if (cleanup) {
+			clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
+			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+				clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/* There are more than one */
+	cnt = 0;
+	list = result;
+	while (list) {
+		list = list->next;
+		cnt++;
+	}
+	rslt = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*rslt));
+	for (list = result, i = 0; list; list = list->next)
+		rslt[i++] = list->item;
+	free_commit_list(result);
+
+	clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt - 1; i++) {
+		for (j = i+1; j < cnt; j++) {
+			if (!rslt[i] || !rslt[j])
+				continue;
+			result = merge_bases_many(rslt[i], 1, &rslt[j]);
+			clear_commit_marks(rslt[i], all_flags);
+			clear_commit_marks(rslt[j], all_flags);
+			for (list = result; list; list = list->next) {
+				if (rslt[i] == list->item)
+					rslt[i] = NULL;
+				if (rslt[j] == list->item)
+					rslt[j] = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Surviving ones in rslt[] are the independent results */
+	result = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		if (rslt[i])
+			insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
+	}
+	free(rslt);
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *one, struct commit *two,
+				    int cleanup)
+{
+	return get_merge_bases_many(one, 1, &two, cleanup);
+}
+
+int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
+{
+	if (!with_commit)
+		return 1;
+	while (with_commit) {
+		struct commit *other;
+
+		other = with_commit->item;
+		with_commit = with_commit->next;
+		if (in_merge_bases(other, &commit, 1))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit **reference, int num)
+{
+	struct commit_list *bases, *b;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (num == 1)
+		bases = get_merge_bases(commit, *reference, 1);
+	else
+		die("not yet");
+	for (b = bases; b; b = b->next) {
+		if (!hashcmp(commit->object.sha1, b->item->object.sha1)) {
+			ret = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit_list *result = NULL, **tail = &result;
+	struct commit **other;
+	size_t num_head, num_other;
+
+	if (!heads)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Avoid unnecessary reallocations */
+	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next)
+		num_head++;
+	other = xcalloc(sizeof(*other), num_head);
+
+	/* For each commit, see if it can be reached by others */
+	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit_list *q, *base;
+
+		/* Do we already have this in the result? */
+		for (q = result; q; q = q->next)
+			if (p->item == q->item)
+				break;
+		if (q)
+			continue;
+
+		num_other = 0;
+		for (q = heads; q; q = q->next) {
+			if (p->item == q->item)
+				continue;
+			other[num_other++] = q->item;
+		}
+		if (num_other)
+			base = get_merge_bases_many(p->item, num_other, other, 1);
+		else
+			base = NULL;
+		/*
+		 * If p->item does not have anything common with other
+		 * commits, there won't be any merge base.  If it is
+		 * reachable from some of the others, p->item will be
+		 * the merge base.  If its history is connected with
+		 * others, but p->item is not reachable by others, we
+		 * will get something other than p->item back.
+		 */
+		if (!base || (base->item != p->item))
+			tail = &(commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next);
+		free_commit_list(base);
+	}
+	free(other);
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cf5166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#ifndef COMMIT_H
+#define COMMIT_H
+
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+
+struct commit_list {
+	struct commit *item;
+	struct commit_list *next;
+};
+
+struct commit {
+	struct object object;
+	void *util;
+	unsigned int indegree;
+	unsigned long date;
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	struct tree *tree;
+	char *buffer;
+};
+
+extern int save_commit_buffer;
+extern const char *commit_type;
+
+/* While we can decorate any object with a name, it's only used for commits.. */
+extern struct decoration name_decoration;
+struct name_decoration {
+	struct name_decoration *next;
+	char name[1];
+};
+
+struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1);
+struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1);
+struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					      int quiet);
+
+int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+int parse_commit(struct commit *item);
+
+struct commit_list * commit_list_insert(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list_p);
+unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l);
+struct commit_list * insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list);
+
+void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
+
+void sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
+
+/* Commit formats */
+enum cmit_fmt {
+	CMIT_FMT_RAW,
+	CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM,
+	CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT = CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM,
+	CMIT_FMT_SHORT,
+	CMIT_FMT_FULL,
+	CMIT_FMT_FULLER,
+	CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
+	CMIT_FMT_EMAIL,
+	CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT,
+
+	CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED,
+};
+
+struct pretty_print_context
+{
+	int abbrev;
+	const char *subject;
+	const char *after_subject;
+	enum date_mode date_mode;
+	int need_8bit_cte;
+	int show_notes;
+	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
+};
+
+extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
+struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
+extern char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
+				     const char **encoding_p);
+extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
+extern void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
+				  const char *format, struct strbuf *sb,
+				  const struct pretty_print_context *context);
+extern void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
+				struct strbuf *sb,
+				const struct pretty_print_context *context);
+void pp_user_info(const char *what, enum cmit_fmt fmt, struct strbuf *sb,
+		   const char *line, enum date_mode dmode,
+		   const char *encoding);
+void pp_title_line(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
+		   const char **msg_p,
+		   struct strbuf *sb,
+		   const char *subject,
+		   const char *after_subject,
+		   const char *encoding,
+		   int need_8bit_cte);
+void pp_remainder(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
+		  const char **msg_p,
+		  struct strbuf *sb,
+		  int indent);
+
+
+/** Removes the first commit from a list sorted by date, and adds all
+ * of its parents.
+ **/
+struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
+				      unsigned int mark);
+
+struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack);
+
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark);
+
+/*
+ * Performs an in-place topological sort of list supplied.
+ *
+ *   invariant of resulting list is:
+ *      a reachable from b => ord(b) < ord(a)
+ *   in addition, when lifo == 0, commits on parallel tracks are
+ *   sorted in the dates order.
+ */
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo);
+
+struct commit_graft {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int nr_parent; /* < 0 if shallow commit */
+	unsigned char parent[FLEX_ARRAY][20]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct commit_graft *read_graft_line(char *buf, int len);
+int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *, int);
+struct commit_graft *lookup_commit_graft(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+const unsigned char *lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *rev1, struct commit *rev2, int cleanup);
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos, int cleanup);
+extern struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in);
+
+extern int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol);
+extern int is_repository_shallow(void);
+extern struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads,
+		int depth, int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag);
+
+int is_descendant_of(struct commit *, struct commit_list *);
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit **, int);
+
+extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
+			       const char **pathspec);
+
+static inline int single_parent(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	return commit->parents && !commit->parents->next;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads);
+
+#endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/compat/basename.c b/compat/basename.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8f8a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/basename.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+/* Adapted from libiberty's basename.c.  */
+char *gitbasename (char *path)
+{
+	const char *base;
+	/* Skip over the disk name in MSDOS pathnames. */
+	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
+		path += 2;
+	for (base = path; *path; path++) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(*path))
+			base = path + 1;
+	}
+	return (char *)base;
+}
diff --git a/compat/bswap.h b/compat/bswap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3b8c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/bswap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Let's make sure we always have a sane definition for ntohl()/htonl().
+ * Some libraries define those as a function call, just to perform byte
+ * shifting, bringing significant overhead to what should be a simple
+ * operation.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Default version that the compiler ought to optimize properly with
+ * constant values.
+ */
+static inline uint32_t default_swab32(uint32_t val)
+{
+	return (((val & 0xff000000) >> 24) |
+		((val & 0x00ff0000) >>  8) |
+		((val & 0x0000ff00) <<  8) |
+		((val & 0x000000ff) << 24));
+}
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
+
+#define bswap32(x) ({ \
+	uint32_t __res; \
+	if (__builtin_constant_p(x)) { \
+		__res = default_swab32(x); \
+	} else { \
+		__asm__("bswap %0" : "=r" (__res) : "0" ((uint32_t)(x))); \
+	} \
+	__res; })
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64))
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define bswap32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef bswap32
+
+#undef ntohl
+#undef htonl
+#define ntohl(x) bswap32(x)
+#define htonl(x) bswap32(x)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.c b/compat/cygwin.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4a51b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/cygwin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "win32.h"
+#include "../cache.h" /* to read configuration */
+
+static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
+{
+	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
+			ft->dwLowDateTime;
+	winTime -= 116444736000000000LL; /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
+	/* convert 100-nsecond interval to seconds and nanoseconds */
+	ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(winTime/10000000);
+	ts->tv_nsec = (long)(winTime - ts->tv_sec*10000000LL) * 100;
+}
+
+#define size_to_blocks(s) (((s)+511)/512)
+
+/* do_stat is a common implementation for cygwin_lstat and cygwin_stat.
+ *
+ * To simplify its logic, in the case of cygwin symlinks, this implementation
+ * falls back to the cygwin version of stat/lstat, which is provided as the
+ * last argument.
+ */
+static int do_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf, stat_fn_t cygstat)
+{
+	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+
+	if (file_name[0] == '/')
+		return cygstat (file_name, buf);
+
+	if (!(errno = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
+		/*
+		 * If the system attribute is set and it is not a directory then
+		 * it could be a symbol link created in the nowinsymlinks mode.
+		 * Normally, Cygwin works in the winsymlinks mode, so this situation
+		 * is very unlikely. For the sake of simplicity of our code, let's
+		 * Cygwin to handle it.
+		 */
+		if ((fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM) &&
+		    !(fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+			return cygstat(file_name, buf);
+
+		/* fill out the stat structure */
+		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
+		buf->st_ino = 0;
+		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+		buf->st_nlink = 1;
+		buf->st_uid = buf->st_gid = 0;
+#ifdef __CYGWIN_USE_BIG_TYPES__
+		buf->st_size = ((_off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh << 32) +
+			fdata.nFileSizeLow;
+#else
+		buf->st_size = (off_t)fdata.nFileSizeLow;
+#endif
+		buf->st_blocks = size_to_blocks(buf->st_size);
+		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastAccessTime, &buf->st_atim);
+		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastWriteTime, &buf->st_mtim);
+		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftCreationTime, &buf->st_ctim);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (errno == ENOENT) {
+		/*
+		 * In the winsymlinks mode (which is the default), Cygwin
+		 * emulates symbol links using Windows shortcut files. These
+		 * files are formed by adding .lnk extension. So, if we have
+		 * not found the specified file name, it could be that it is
+		 * a symbol link. Let's Cygwin to deal with that.
+		 */
+		return cygstat(file_name, buf);
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* We provide our own lstat/stat functions, since the provided Cygwin versions
+ * of these functions are too slow. These stat functions are tailored for Git's
+ * usage, and therefore they are not meant to be complete and correct emulation
+ * of lstat/stat functionality.
+ */
+static int cygwin_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	return do_stat(path, buf, lstat);
+}
+
+static int cygwin_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	return do_stat(path, buf, stat);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * At start up, we are trying to determine whether Win32 API or cygwin stat
+ * functions should be used. The choice is determined by core.ignorecygwinfstricks.
+ * Reading this option is not always possible immediately as git_dir may
+ * not be set yet. So until it is set, use cygwin lstat/stat functions.
+ * However, if core.filemode is set, we must use the Cygwin posix
+ * stat/lstat as the Windows stat functions do not determine posix filemode.
+ *
+ * Note that git_cygwin_config() does NOT call git_default_config() and this
+ * is deliberate.  Many commands read from config to establish initial
+ * values in variables and later tweak them from elsewhere (e.g. command line).
+ * init_stat() is called lazily on demand, typically much late in the program,
+ * and calling git_default_config() from here would break such variables.
+ */
+static int native_stat = 1;
+static int core_filemode;
+
+static int git_cygwin_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorecygwinfstricks"))
+		native_stat = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode"))
+		core_filemode = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int init_stat(void)
+{
+	if (have_git_dir()) {
+		git_config(git_cygwin_config, NULL);
+		if (!core_filemode && native_stat) {
+			cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat;
+			cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat;
+		} else {
+			cygwin_stat_fn = stat;
+			cygwin_lstat_fn = lstat;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int cygwin_stat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	return (init_stat() ? stat : *cygwin_stat_fn)(file_name, buf);
+}
+
+static int cygwin_lstat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	return (init_stat() ? lstat : *cygwin_lstat_fn)(file_name, buf);
+}
+
+stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat_stub;
+stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat_stub;
+
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.h b/compat/cygwin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3229f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/cygwin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+typedef int (*stat_fn_t)(const char*, struct stat*);
+extern stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn;
+extern stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn;
+
+#define stat(path, buf) (*cygwin_stat_fn)(path, buf)
+#define lstat(path, buf) (*cygwin_lstat_fn)(path, buf)
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14feac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Library General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+   License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
+   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Enable GNU extensions in fnmatch.h.  */
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+# define _GNU_SOURCE	1
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#if HAVE_STRING_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <string.h>
+#else
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || defined _LIBC
+# include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+
+/* For platforms which support the ISO C amendment 1 functionality we
+   support user defined character classes.  */
+#if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+/* Solaris 2.5 has a bug: <wchar.h> must be included before <wctype.h>.  */
+# include <wchar.h>
+# include <wctype.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
+   actually compiling the library itself.  This code is part of the GNU C
+   Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions.  Compiling
+   and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
+   (especially if it is a shared library).  Rather than having every GNU
+   program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
+   it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
+
+#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
+
+
+# if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+#  define ISASCII(c) 1
+# else
+#  define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+# endif
+
+# ifdef isblank
+#  define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII (c) && isblank (c))
+# else
+#  define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+# endif
+# ifdef isgraph
+#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isgraph (c))
+# else
+#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c) && !isspace (c))
+# endif
+
+# define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c))
+# define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isdigit (c))
+# define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalnum (c))
+# define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalpha (c))
+# define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII (c) && iscntrl (c))
+# define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII (c) && islower (c))
+# define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII (c) && ispunct (c))
+# define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII (c) && isspace (c))
+# define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII (c) && isupper (c))
+# define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isxdigit (c))
+
+# define STREQ(s1, s2) ((strcmp (s1, s2) == 0))
+
+# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+/* The GNU C library provides support for user-defined character classes
+   and the functions from ISO C amendment 1.  */
+#  ifdef CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+#  else
+/* This shouldn't happen but some implementation might still have this
+   problem.  Use a reasonable default value.  */
+#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH 256
+#  endif
+
+#  ifdef _LIBC
+#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) __wctype (string)
+#  else
+#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) wctype (string)
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH  6 /* Namely, `xdigit'.  */
+
+#  define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string)						      \
+   (STREQ (string, "alpha") || STREQ (string, "upper")			      \
+    || STREQ (string, "lower") || STREQ (string, "digit")		      \
+    || STREQ (string, "alnum") || STREQ (string, "xdigit")		      \
+    || STREQ (string, "space") || STREQ (string, "print")		      \
+    || STREQ (string, "punct") || STREQ (string, "graph")		      \
+    || STREQ (string, "cntrl") || STREQ (string, "blank"))
+# endif
+
+/* Avoid depending on library functions or files
+   whose names are inconsistent.  */
+
+# if !defined _LIBC && !defined getenv
+extern char *getenv ();
+# endif
+
+# ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+# endif
+
+/* This function doesn't exist on most systems.  */
+
+# if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC
+static char *
+__strchrnul (s, c)
+     const char *s;
+     int c;
+{
+  char *result = strchr (s, c);
+  if (result == NULL)
+    result = strchr (s, '\0');
+  return result;
+}
+# endif
+
+# ifndef internal_function
+/* Inside GNU libc we mark some function in a special way.  In other
+   environments simply ignore the marking.  */
+#  define internal_function
+# endif
+
+/* Match STRING against the filename pattern PATTERN, returning zero if
+   it matches, nonzero if not.  */
+static int internal_fnmatch __P ((const char *pattern, const char *string,
+				  int no_leading_period, int flags))
+     internal_function;
+static int
+internal_function
+internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
+     const char *pattern;
+     const char *string;
+     int no_leading_period;
+     int flags;
+{
+  register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
+  register unsigned char c;
+
+/* Note that this evaluates C many times.  */
+# ifdef _LIBC
+#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) ? tolower (c) : (c))
+# else
+#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER (c) ? tolower (c) : (c))
+# endif
+
+  while ((c = *p++) != '\0')
+    {
+      c = FOLD (c);
+
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case '?':
+	  if (*n == '\0')
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	  else if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	  else if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
+		   && (n == string
+		       || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	  break;
+
+	case '\\':
+	  if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
+	    {
+	      c = *p++;
+	      if (c == '\0')
+		/* Trailing \ loses.  */
+		return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	      c = FOLD (c);
+	    }
+	  if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) != c)
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	  break;
+
+	case '*':
+	  if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
+	      && (n == string
+		  || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+	  for (c = *p++; c == '?' || c == '*'; c = *p++)
+	    {
+	      if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+		/* A slash does not match a wildcard under FNM_FILE_NAME.  */
+		return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	      else if (c == '?')
+		{
+		  /* A ? needs to match one character.  */
+		  if (*n == '\0')
+		    /* There isn't another character; no match.  */
+		    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		  else
+		    /* One character of the string is consumed in matching
+		       this ? wildcard, so *??? won't match if there are
+		       less than three characters.  */
+		    ++n;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  if (c == '\0')
+	    /* The wildcard(s) is/are the last element of the pattern.
+	       If the name is a file name and contains another slash
+	       this does mean it cannot match.  */
+	    return ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) && strchr (n, '/') != NULL
+		    ? FNM_NOMATCH : 0);
+	  else
+	    {
+	      const char *endp;
+
+	      endp = __strchrnul (n, (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) ? '/' : '\0');
+
+	      if (c == '[')
+		{
+		  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
+				? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
+
+		  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
+		    if (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
+					  (no_leading_period
+					   && (n == string
+					       || (n[-1] == '/'
+						   && (flags
+						       & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
+					  flags2)
+			== 0)
+		      return 0;
+		}
+	      else if (c == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+		{
+		  while (*n != '\0' && *n != '/')
+		    ++n;
+		  if (*n == '/'
+		      && (internal_fnmatch (p, n + 1, flags & FNM_PERIOD,
+					    flags) == 0))
+		    return 0;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
+				? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
+
+		  if (c == '\\' && !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
+		    c = *p;
+		  c = FOLD (c);
+		  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
+		    if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) == c
+			&& (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
+					      (no_leading_period
+					       && (n == string
+						   || (n[-1] == '/'
+						       && (flags
+							   & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
+					      flags2) == 0))
+		      return 0;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* If we come here no match is possible with the wildcard.  */
+	  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+	case '[':
+	  {
+	    /* Nonzero if the sense of the character class is inverted.  */
+	    static int posixly_correct;
+	    register int not;
+	    char cold;
+
+	    if (posixly_correct == 0)
+	      posixly_correct = getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL ? 1 : -1;
+
+	    if (*n == '\0')
+	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+	    if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period && (n == string
+						   || (n[-1] == '/'
+						       && (flags
+							   & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
+	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+	    if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+	      /* `/' cannot be matched.  */
+	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+	    not = (*p == '!' || (posixly_correct < 0 && *p == '^'));
+	    if (not)
+	      ++p;
+
+	    c = *p++;
+	    for (;;)
+	      {
+		unsigned char fn = FOLD ((unsigned char) *n);
+
+		if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
+		  {
+		    if (*p == '\0')
+		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		    c = FOLD ((unsigned char) *p);
+		    ++p;
+
+		    if (c == fn)
+		      goto matched;
+		  }
+		else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
+		  {
+		    /* Leave room for the null.  */
+		    char str[CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
+		    size_t c1 = 0;
+# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+		    wctype_t wt;
+# endif
+		    const char *startp = p;
+
+		    for (;;)
+		      {
+			if (c1 == CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
+			  /* The name is too long and therefore the pattern
+			     is ill-formed.  */
+			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+			c = *++p;
+			if (c == ':' && p[1] == ']')
+			  {
+			    p += 2;
+			    break;
+			  }
+			if (c < 'a' || c >= 'z')
+			  {
+			    /* This cannot possibly be a character class name.
+			       Match it as a normal range.  */
+			    p = startp;
+			    c = '[';
+			    goto normal_bracket;
+			  }
+			str[c1++] = c;
+		      }
+		    str[c1] = '\0';
+
+# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+		    wt = IS_CHAR_CLASS (str);
+		    if (wt == 0)
+		      /* Invalid character class name.  */
+		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+		    if (__iswctype (__btowc ((unsigned char) *n), wt))
+		      goto matched;
+# else
+		    if ((STREQ (str, "alnum") && ISALNUM ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "alpha") && ISALPHA ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "blank") && ISBLANK ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "cntrl") && ISCNTRL ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "digit") && ISDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "graph") && ISGRAPH ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "lower") && ISLOWER ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "print") && ISPRINT ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "punct") && ISPUNCT ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "space") && ISSPACE ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "upper") && ISUPPER ((unsigned char) *n))
+			|| (STREQ (str, "xdigit") && ISXDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n)))
+		      goto matched;
+# endif
+		  }
+		else if (c == '\0')
+		  /* [ (unterminated) loses.  */
+		  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		else
+		  {
+		  normal_bracket:
+		    if (FOLD (c) == fn)
+		      goto matched;
+
+		    cold = c;
+		    c = *p++;
+
+		    if (c == '-' && *p != ']')
+		      {
+			/* It is a range.  */
+			unsigned char cend = *p++;
+			if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && cend == '\\')
+			  cend = *p++;
+			if (cend == '\0')
+			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+			if (cold <= fn && fn <= FOLD (cend))
+			  goto matched;
+
+			c = *p++;
+		      }
+		  }
+
+		if (c == ']')
+		  break;
+	      }
+
+	    if (!not)
+	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	    break;
+
+	  matched:
+	    /* Skip the rest of the [...] that already matched.  */
+	    while (c != ']')
+	      {
+		if (c == '\0')
+		  /* [... (unterminated) loses.  */
+		  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+		c = *p++;
+		if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
+		  {
+		    if (*p == '\0')
+		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		    /* XXX 1003.2d11 is unclear if this is right.  */
+		    ++p;
+		  }
+		else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
+		  {
+		    do
+		      if (*++p == '\0')
+			return FNM_NOMATCH;
+		    while (*p != ':' || p[1] == ']');
+		    p += 2;
+		    c = *p;
+		  }
+	      }
+	    if (not)
+	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	  }
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  if (c != FOLD ((unsigned char) *n))
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	}
+
+      ++n;
+    }
+
+  if (*n == '\0')
+    return 0;
+
+  if ((flags & FNM_LEADING_DIR) && *n == '/')
+    /* The FNM_LEADING_DIR flag says that "foo*" matches "foobar/frobozz".  */
+    return 0;
+
+  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+# undef FOLD
+}
+
+
+int
+fnmatch (pattern, string, flags)
+     const char *pattern;
+     const char *string;
+     int flags;
+{
+  return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
+}
+
+#endif	/* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__.  */
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc3ec37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Library General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
+   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+#ifndef	_FNMATCH_H
+#define	_FNMATCH_H	1
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#if defined __cplusplus || (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined WINDOWS32
+# if !defined __GLIBC__ || !defined __P
+#  undef	__P
+#  define __P(protos)	protos
+# endif
+#else /* Not C++ or ANSI C.  */
+# undef	__P
+# define __P(protos)	()
+/* We can get away without defining `const' here only because in this file
+   it is used only inside the prototype for `fnmatch', which is elided in
+   non-ANSI C where `const' is problematical.  */
+#endif /* C++ or ANSI C.  */
+
+#ifndef const
+# if (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined __cplusplus
+#  define __const	const
+# else
+#  define __const
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* We #undef these before defining them because some losing systems
+   (HP-UX A.08.07 for example) define these in <unistd.h>.  */
+#undef	FNM_PATHNAME
+#undef	FNM_NOESCAPE
+#undef	FNM_PERIOD
+
+/* Bits set in the FLAGS argument to `fnmatch'.  */
+#define	FNM_PATHNAME	(1 << 0) /* No wildcard can ever match `/'.  */
+#define	FNM_NOESCAPE	(1 << 1) /* Backslashes don't quote special chars.  */
+#define	FNM_PERIOD	(1 << 2) /* Leading `.' is matched only explicitly.  */
+
+#if !defined _POSIX_C_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE < 2 || defined _GNU_SOURCE
+# define FNM_FILE_NAME	 FNM_PATHNAME	/* Preferred GNU name.  */
+# define FNM_LEADING_DIR (1 << 3)	/* Ignore `/...' after a match.  */
+# define FNM_CASEFOLD	 (1 << 4)	/* Compare without regard to case.  */
+#endif
+
+/* Value returned by `fnmatch' if STRING does not match PATTERN.  */
+#define	FNM_NOMATCH	1
+
+/* This value is returned if the implementation does not support
+   `fnmatch'.  Since this is not the case here it will never be
+   returned but the conformance test suites still require the symbol
+   to be defined.  */
+#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+# define FNM_NOSYS	(-1)
+#endif
+
+/* Match NAME against the filename pattern PATTERN,
+   returning zero if it matches, FNM_NOMATCH if not.  */
+extern int fnmatch __P ((__const char *__pattern, __const char *__name,
+			 int __flags));
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* fnmatch.h */
diff --git a/compat/fopen.c b/compat/fopen.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5ca142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/fopen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ *  The order of the following two lines is important.
+ *
+ *  FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES is undefined before including git-compat-util.h
+ *  to avoid the redefinition of fopen within git-compat-util.h. This is
+ *  necessary since fopen is a macro on some platforms which may be set
+ *  based on compiler options. For example, on AIX fopen is set to fopen64
+ *  when _LARGE_FILES is defined. The previous technique of merely undefining
+ *  fopen after including git-compat-util.h is inadequate in this case.
+ */
+#undef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+FILE *git_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (mode[0] == 'w' || mode[0] == 'a')
+		return fopen(path, mode);
+
+	if (!(fp = fopen(path, mode)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (fstat(fileno(fp), &st)) {
+		fclose(fp);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		fclose(fp);
+		errno = EISDIR;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return fp;
+}
diff --git a/compat/hstrerror.c b/compat/hstrerror.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069c555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/hstrerror.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+const char *githstrerror(int err)
+{
+	static char buffer[48];
+	switch (err)
+	{
+	case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
+		return "Authoritative answer: host not found";
+	case NO_DATA:
+		return "Valid name, no data record of requested type";
+	case NO_RECOVERY:
+		return "Non recoverable errors, FORMERR, REFUSED, NOTIMP";
+	case TRY_AGAIN:
+		return "Non-authoritative \"host not found\", or SERVERFAIL";
+	}
+	sprintf(buffer, "Name resolution error %d", err);
+	return buffer;
+}
diff --git a/compat/inet_ntop.c b/compat/inet_ntop.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f444982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/inet_ntop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1996-1999 by Internet Software Consortium.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM DISCLAIMS
+ * ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTERNET SOFTWARE
+ * CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+ * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+ * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifndef NS_INADDRSZ
+#define NS_INADDRSZ	4
+#endif
+#ifndef NS_IN6ADDRSZ
+#define NS_IN6ADDRSZ	16
+#endif
+#ifndef NS_INT16SZ
+#define NS_INT16SZ	2
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * WARNING: Don't even consider trying to compile this on a system where
+ * sizeof(int) < 4.  sizeof(int) > 4 is fine; all the world's not a VAX.
+ */
+
+/* const char *
+ * inet_ntop4(src, dst, size)
+ *	format an IPv4 address
+ * return:
+ *	`dst' (as a const)
+ * notes:
+ *	(1) uses no statics
+ *	(2) takes a u_char* not an in_addr as input
+ * author:
+ *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
+ */
+static const char *
+inet_ntop4(src, dst, size)
+	const u_char *src;
+	char *dst;
+	size_t size;
+{
+	static const char fmt[] = "%u.%u.%u.%u";
+	char tmp[sizeof "255.255.255.255"];
+	int nprinted;
+
+	nprinted = snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmt, src[0], src[1], src[2], src[3]);
+	if (nprinted < 0)
+		return (NULL);	/* we assume "errno" was set by "snprintf()" */
+	if ((size_t)nprinted > size) {
+		errno = ENOSPC;
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	strcpy(dst, tmp);
+	return (dst);
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+/* const char *
+ * inet_ntop6(src, dst, size)
+ *	convert IPv6 binary address into presentation (printable) format
+ * author:
+ *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
+ */
+static const char *
+inet_ntop6(src, dst, size)
+	const u_char *src;
+	char *dst;
+	size_t size;
+{
+	/*
+	 * Note that int32_t and int16_t need only be "at least" large enough
+	 * to contain a value of the specified size.  On some systems, like
+	 * Crays, there is no such thing as an integer variable with 16 bits.
+	 * Keep this in mind if you think this function should have been coded
+	 * to use pointer overlays.  All the world's not a VAX.
+	 */
+	char tmp[sizeof "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:255.255.255.255"], *tp;
+	struct { int base, len; } best, cur;
+	unsigned int words[NS_IN6ADDRSZ / NS_INT16SZ];
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Preprocess:
+	 *	Copy the input (bytewise) array into a wordwise array.
+	 *	Find the longest run of 0x00's in src[] for :: shorthanding.
+	 */
+	memset(words, '\0', sizeof words);
+	for (i = 0; i < NS_IN6ADDRSZ; i++)
+		words[i / 2] |= (src[i] << ((1 - (i % 2)) << 3));
+	best.base = -1;
+	cur.base = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < (NS_IN6ADDRSZ / NS_INT16SZ); i++) {
+		if (words[i] == 0) {
+			if (cur.base == -1)
+				cur.base = i, cur.len = 1;
+			else
+				cur.len++;
+		} else {
+			if (cur.base != -1) {
+				if (best.base == -1 || cur.len > best.len)
+					best = cur;
+				cur.base = -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (cur.base != -1) {
+		if (best.base == -1 || cur.len > best.len)
+			best = cur;
+	}
+	if (best.base != -1 && best.len < 2)
+		best.base = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Format the result.
+	 */
+	tp = tmp;
+	for (i = 0; i < (NS_IN6ADDRSZ / NS_INT16SZ); i++) {
+		/* Are we inside the best run of 0x00's? */
+		if (best.base != -1 && i >= best.base &&
+		    i < (best.base + best.len)) {
+			if (i == best.base)
+				*tp++ = ':';
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* Are we following an initial run of 0x00s or any real hex? */
+		if (i != 0)
+			*tp++ = ':';
+		/* Is this address an encapsulated IPv4? */
+		if (i == 6 && best.base == 0 &&
+		    (best.len == 6 || (best.len == 5 && words[5] == 0xffff))) {
+			if (!inet_ntop4(src+12, tp, sizeof tmp - (tp - tmp)))
+				return (NULL);
+			tp += strlen(tp);
+			break;
+		}
+		tp += snprintf(tp, sizeof tmp - (tp - tmp), "%x", words[i]);
+	}
+	/* Was it a trailing run of 0x00's? */
+	if (best.base != -1 && (best.base + best.len) ==
+	    (NS_IN6ADDRSZ / NS_INT16SZ))
+		*tp++ = ':';
+	*tp++ = '\0';
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for overflow, copy, and we're done.
+	 */
+	if ((size_t)(tp - tmp) > size) {
+		errno = ENOSPC;
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	strcpy(dst, tmp);
+	return (dst);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* char *
+ * inet_ntop(af, src, dst, size)
+ *	convert a network format address to presentation format.
+ * return:
+ *	pointer to presentation format address (`dst'), or NULL (see errno).
+ * author:
+ *	Paul Vixie, 1996.
+ */
+const char *
+inet_ntop(af, src, dst, size)
+	int af;
+	const void *src;
+	char *dst;
+	size_t size;
+{
+	switch (af) {
+	case AF_INET:
+		return (inet_ntop4(src, dst, size));
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+	case AF_INET6:
+		return (inet_ntop6(src, dst, size));
+#endif
+	default:
+		errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
diff --git a/compat/inet_pton.c b/compat/inet_pton.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4078fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/inet_pton.c
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 1996-2001  Internet Software Consortium.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM
+ * DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
+ * FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifndef NS_INT16SZ
+#define NS_INT16SZ       2
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NS_INADDRSZ
+#define NS_INADDRSZ      4
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NS_IN6ADDRSZ
+#define NS_IN6ADDRSZ    16
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * WARNING: Don't even consider trying to compile this on a system where
+ * sizeof(int) < 4.  sizeof(int) > 4 is fine; all the world's not a VAX.
+ */
+
+static int inet_pton4(const char *src, unsigned char *dst);
+static int inet_pton6(const char *src, unsigned char *dst);
+
+/* int
+ * inet_pton4(src, dst)
+ *      like inet_aton() but without all the hexadecimal and shorthand.
+ * return:
+ *      1 if `src' is a valid dotted quad, else 0.
+ * notice:
+ *      does not touch `dst' unless it's returning 1.
+ * author:
+ *      Paul Vixie, 1996.
+ */
+static int
+inet_pton4(const char *src, unsigned char *dst)
+{
+        static const char digits[] = "0123456789";
+        int saw_digit, octets, ch;
+        unsigned char tmp[NS_INADDRSZ], *tp;
+
+        saw_digit = 0;
+        octets = 0;
+        *(tp = tmp) = 0;
+        while ((ch = *src++) != '\0') {
+                const char *pch;
+
+                if ((pch = strchr(digits, ch)) != NULL) {
+                        unsigned int new = *tp * 10 + (pch - digits);
+
+                        if (new > 255)
+                                return (0);
+                        *tp = new;
+                        if (! saw_digit) {
+                                if (++octets > 4)
+                                        return (0);
+                                saw_digit = 1;
+                        }
+                } else if (ch == '.' && saw_digit) {
+                        if (octets == 4)
+                                return (0);
+                        *++tp = 0;
+                        saw_digit = 0;
+                } else
+                        return (0);
+        }
+        if (octets < 4)
+                return (0);
+        memcpy(dst, tmp, NS_INADDRSZ);
+        return (1);
+}
+
+/* int
+ * inet_pton6(src, dst)
+ *      convert presentation level address to network order binary form.
+ * return:
+ *      1 if `src' is a valid [RFC1884 2.2] address, else 0.
+ * notice:
+ *      (1) does not touch `dst' unless it's returning 1.
+ *      (2) :: in a full address is silently ignored.
+ * credit:
+ *      inspired by Mark Andrews.
+ * author:
+ *      Paul Vixie, 1996.
+ */
+
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+static int
+inet_pton6(const char *src, unsigned char *dst)
+{
+        static const char xdigits_l[] = "0123456789abcdef",
+                          xdigits_u[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+        unsigned char tmp[NS_IN6ADDRSZ], *tp, *endp, *colonp;
+        const char *xdigits, *curtok;
+        int ch, saw_xdigit;
+        unsigned int val;
+
+        memset((tp = tmp), '\0', NS_IN6ADDRSZ);
+        endp = tp + NS_IN6ADDRSZ;
+        colonp = NULL;
+        /* Leading :: requires some special handling. */
+        if (*src == ':')
+                if (*++src != ':')
+                        return (0);
+        curtok = src;
+        saw_xdigit = 0;
+        val = 0;
+        while ((ch = *src++) != '\0') {
+                const char *pch;
+
+                if ((pch = strchr((xdigits = xdigits_l), ch)) == NULL)
+                        pch = strchr((xdigits = xdigits_u), ch);
+                if (pch != NULL) {
+                        val <<= 4;
+                        val |= (pch - xdigits);
+                        if (val > 0xffff)
+                                return (0);
+                        saw_xdigit = 1;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (ch == ':') {
+                        curtok = src;
+                        if (!saw_xdigit) {
+                                if (colonp)
+                                        return (0);
+                                colonp = tp;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        if (tp + NS_INT16SZ > endp)
+                                return (0);
+                        *tp++ = (unsigned char) (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+                        *tp++ = (unsigned char) val & 0xff;
+                        saw_xdigit = 0;
+                        val = 0;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (ch == '.' && ((tp + NS_INADDRSZ) <= endp) &&
+                    inet_pton4(curtok, tp) > 0) {
+                        tp += NS_INADDRSZ;
+                        saw_xdigit = 0;
+                        break;  /* '\0' was seen by inet_pton4(). */
+                }
+                return (0);
+        }
+        if (saw_xdigit) {
+                if (tp + NS_INT16SZ > endp)
+                        return (0);
+                *tp++ = (unsigned char) (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+                *tp++ = (unsigned char) val & 0xff;
+        }
+        if (colonp != NULL) {
+                /*
+                 * Since some memmove()'s erroneously fail to handle
+                 * overlapping regions, we'll do the shift by hand.
+                 */
+                const int n = tp - colonp;
+                int i;
+
+                for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+                        endp[- i] = colonp[n - i];
+                        colonp[n - i] = 0;
+                }
+                tp = endp;
+        }
+        if (tp != endp)
+                return (0);
+        memcpy(dst, tmp, NS_IN6ADDRSZ);
+        return (1);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* int
+ * isc_net_pton(af, src, dst)
+ *      convert from presentation format (which usually means ASCII printable)
+ *      to network format (which is usually some kind of binary format).
+ * return:
+ *      1 if the address was valid for the specified address family
+ *      0 if the address wasn't valid (`dst' is untouched in this case)
+ *      -1 if some other error occurred (`dst' is untouched in this case, too)
+ * author:
+ *      Paul Vixie, 1996.
+ */
+int
+inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst)
+{
+        switch (af) {
+        case AF_INET:
+                return (inet_pton4(src, dst));
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return (inet_pton6(src, dst));
+#endif
+        default:
+                errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
+                return (-1);
+        }
+        /* NOTREACHED */
+}
diff --git a/compat/memmem.c b/compat/memmem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56bcb42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/memmem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+void *gitmemmem(const void *haystack, size_t haystack_len,
+                const void *needle, size_t needle_len)
+{
+	const char *begin = haystack;
+	const char *last_possible = begin + haystack_len - needle_len;
+	const char *tail = needle;
+	char point;
+
+	/*
+	 * The first occurrence of the empty string is deemed to occur at
+	 * the beginning of the string.
+	 */
+	if (needle_len == 0)
+		return (void *)begin;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check, otherwise the loop might search through the whole
+	 * memory.
+	 */
+	if (haystack_len < needle_len)
+		return NULL;
+
+	point = *tail++;
+	for (; begin <= last_possible; begin++) {
+		if (*begin == point && !memcmp(begin + 1, tail, needle_len - 1))
+			return (void *)begin;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab65f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1441 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "win32.h"
+#include <conio.h>
+#include "../strbuf.h"
+
+int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
+{
+	int error = ENOSYS;
+	switch(winerr) {
+	case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
+	case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
+	case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
+	case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
+	case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
+	case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
+	case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
+	case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+	case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
+	case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
+	case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
+	case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
+	case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
+	case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
+	case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
+	case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
+	case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
+	case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
+	case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
+	case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
+	case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
+	case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
+	case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
+	case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
+	case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+	case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
+	case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
+	case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
+	case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
+	case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
+	case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
+	case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
+	case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
+	case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
+	case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
+	case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
+	case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
+	}
+	return error;
+}
+
+#undef open
+int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned mode;
+	int fd;
+
+	va_start(args, oflags);
+	mode = va_arg(args, int);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	if (!strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
+		filename = "nul";
+
+	fd = open(filename, oflags, mode);
+
+	if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EACCES) {
+		DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(filename);
+		if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+			errno = EISDIR;
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
+ * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
+ */
+static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
+	/* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
+	return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
+}
+
+static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+	return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
+}
+
+/* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
+ * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
+ * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
+ */
+static int do_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+
+	if (!(errno = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
+		buf->st_ino = 0;
+		buf->st_gid = 0;
+		buf->st_uid = 0;
+		buf->st_nlink = 1;
+		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+		buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+			(((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
+		buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
+		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
+		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
+ * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
+ * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
+ * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
+ * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
+ */
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int namelen;
+	static char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (!do_lstat(file_name, buf))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
+	 * try again without trailing slashes
+	 */
+	if (errno != ENOENT)
+		return -1;
+
+	namelen = strlen(file_name);
+	if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
+		return -1;
+	while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
+		--namelen;
+	if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
+		return -1;
+
+	memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
+	alt_name[namelen] = 0;
+	return do_lstat(alt_name, buf);
+}
+
+#undef fstat
+int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+	BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
+
+	if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		errno = EBADF;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
+	if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
+		return _fstati64(fd, buf);
+
+	if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
+		buf->st_ino = 0;
+		buf->st_gid = 0;
+		buf->st_uid = 0;
+		buf->st_nlink = 1;
+		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+		buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+			(((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
+		buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
+		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
+		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	errno = EBADF;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
+{
+	long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
+	ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
+	ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
+}
+
+int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
+{
+	FILETIME mft, aft;
+	int fh, rc;
+
+	/* must have write permission */
+	if ((fh = open(file_name, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
+	time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
+	if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		rc = -1;
+	} else
+		rc = 0;
+	close(fh);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
+{
+	Sleep(seconds*1000);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int mkstemp(char *template)
+{
+	char *filename = mktemp(template);
+	if (filename == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
+}
+
+int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
+{
+	FILETIME ft;
+	long long hnsec;
+
+	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+	hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
+	tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
+	tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int pipe(int filedes[2])
+{
+	HANDLE h[2];
+
+	/* this creates non-inheritable handles */
+	if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
+		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		return -1;
+	}
+	filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[0], O_NOINHERIT);
+	if (filedes[0] < 0) {
+		CloseHandle(h[0]);
+		CloseHandle(h[1]);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[1], O_NOINHERIT);
+	if (filedes[0] < 0) {
+		close(filedes[0]);
+		CloseHandle(h[1]);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int poll(struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int nfds, int timeout)
+{
+	int i, pending;
+
+	if (timeout >= 0) {
+		if (nfds == 0) {
+			Sleep(timeout);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return errno = EINVAL, error("poll timeout not supported");
+	}
+
+	/* When there is only one fd to wait for, then we pretend that
+	 * input is available and let the actual wait happen when the
+	 * caller invokes read().
+	 */
+	if (nfds == 1) {
+		if (!(ufds[0].events & POLLIN))
+			return errno = EINVAL, error("POLLIN not set");
+		ufds[0].revents = POLLIN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+repeat:
+	pending = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
+		DWORD avail = 0;
+		HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(ufds[i].fd);
+		if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+			return -1;	/* errno was set */
+
+		if (!(ufds[i].events & POLLIN))
+			return errno = EINVAL, error("POLLIN not set");
+
+		/* this emulation works only for pipes */
+		if (!PeekNamedPipe(h, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL)) {
+			int err = GetLastError();
+			if (err == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) {
+				ufds[i].revents = POLLHUP;
+				pending++;
+			} else {
+				errno = EINVAL;
+				return error("PeekNamedPipe failed,"
+					" GetLastError: %u", err);
+			}
+		} else if (avail) {
+			ufds[i].revents = POLLIN;
+			pending++;
+		} else
+			ufds[i].revents = 0;
+	}
+	if (!pending) {
+		/* The only times that we spin here is when the process
+		 * that is connected through the pipes is waiting for
+		 * its own input data to become available. But since
+		 * the process (pack-objects) is itself CPU intensive,
+		 * it will happily pick up the time slice that we are
+		 * relinquishing here.
+		 */
+		Sleep(0);
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
+{
+	/* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
+	memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
+{
+	/* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
+	memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
+	return result;
+}
+
+#undef getcwd
+char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *ret = getcwd(pointer, len);
+	if (!ret)
+		return ret;
+	for (i = 0; pointer[i]; i++)
+		if (pointer[i] == '\\')
+			pointer[i] = '/';
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#undef getenv
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
+{
+	char *result = getenv(name);
+	if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
+		/* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
+		result = getenv("TMP");
+		if (!result)
+			result = getenv("TEMP");
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
+ * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
+ */
+static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+	/* count chars to quote */
+	int len = 0, n = 0;
+	int force_quotes = 0;
+	char *q, *d;
+	const char *p = arg;
+	if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
+	while (*p) {
+		if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
+			force_quotes = 1;
+		else if (*p == '"')
+			n++;
+		else if (*p == '\\') {
+			int count = 0;
+			while (*p == '\\') {
+				count++;
+				p++;
+				len++;
+			}
+			if (*p == '"')
+				n += count*2 + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		len++;
+		p++;
+	}
+	if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
+		return arg;
+
+	/* insert \ where necessary */
+	d = q = xmalloc(len+n+3);
+	*d++ = '"';
+	while (*arg) {
+		if (*arg == '"')
+			*d++ = '\\';
+		else if (*arg == '\\') {
+			int count = 0;
+			while (*arg == '\\') {
+				count++;
+				*d++ = *arg++;
+			}
+			if (*arg == '"') {
+				while (count-- > 0)
+					*d++ = '\\';
+				*d++ = '\\';
+			}
+		}
+		*d++ = *arg++;
+	}
+	*d++ = '"';
+	*d++ = 0;
+	return q;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
+{
+	static char buf[100];
+	char *p, *opt;
+	int n, fd;
+
+	/* don't even try a .exe */
+	n = strlen(cmd);
+	if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
+		return NULL;
+
+	fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+	close(fd);
+	if (n < 4)	/* at least '#!/x' and not error */
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
+		return NULL;
+	buf[n] = '\0';
+	p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
+	if (!*p)
+		return NULL;
+
+	*p = '\0';
+	if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
+		return NULL;
+	/* strip options */
+	if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
+		*opt = '\0';
+	return p+1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Splits the PATH into parts.
+ */
+static char **get_path_split(void)
+{
+	char *p, **path, *envpath = getenv("PATH");
+	int i, n = 0;
+
+	if (!envpath || !*envpath)
+		return NULL;
+
+	envpath = xstrdup(envpath);
+	p = envpath;
+	while (p) {
+		char *dir = p;
+		p = strchr(p, ';');
+		if (p) *p++ = '\0';
+		if (*dir) {	/* not earlier, catches series of ; */
+			++n;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!n)
+		return NULL;
+
+	path = xmalloc((n+1)*sizeof(char *));
+	p = envpath;
+	i = 0;
+	do {
+		if (*p)
+			path[i++] = xstrdup(p);
+		p = p+strlen(p)+1;
+	} while (i < n);
+	path[i] = NULL;
+
+	free(envpath);
+
+	return path;
+}
+
+static void free_path_split(char **path)
+{
+	char **p = path;
+
+	if (!path)
+		return;
+
+	while (*p)
+		free(*p++);
+	free(path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
+ * (which do not have an extension)
+ */
+static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, const char *cmd, int isexe, int exe_only)
+{
+	char path[MAX_PATH];
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.exe", dir, cmd);
+
+	if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
+		return xstrdup(path);
+	path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
+	if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
+		if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+			return xstrdup(path);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the the split path in path.
+ * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
+ */
+static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
+{
+	char *prog = NULL;
+	int len = strlen(cmd);
+	int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
+
+	if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
+		prog = xstrdup(cmd);
+
+	while (!prog && *path)
+		prog = lookup_prog(*path++, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
+
+	return prog;
+}
+
+static int env_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	char *const *ea = a;
+	char *const *eb = b;
+	return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
+}
+
+static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+			      int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
+{
+	STARTUPINFO si;
+	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+	struct strbuf envblk, args;
+	unsigned flags;
+	BOOL ret;
+
+	/* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
+	HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
+			FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+			FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+	if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		/* There is no console associated with this process.
+		 * Since the child is a console process, Windows
+		 * would normally create a console window. But
+		 * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
+		 * not need the console.
+		 * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
+		 * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
+		 * recognize that it has no console.
+		 */
+		flags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
+	} else {
+		/* There is already a console. If we specified
+		 * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
+		 * disassociate the child from the console.
+		 * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
+		 * Go figure!
+		 */
+		flags = 0;
+		CloseHandle(cons);
+	}
+	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
+	si.cb = sizeof(si);
+	si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+	si.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhin);
+	si.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhout);
+	si.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fherr);
+
+	/* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
+	strbuf_init(&args, 0);
+	if (prepend_cmd) {
+		char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
+		strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
+		if (quoted != cmd)
+			free(quoted);
+	}
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
+		if (*args.buf)
+			strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
+		strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
+		if (quoted != *argv)
+			free(quoted);
+	}
+
+	if (env) {
+		int count = 0;
+		char **e, **sorted_env;
+
+		for (e = env; *e; e++)
+			count++;
+
+		/* environment must be sorted */
+		sorted_env = xmalloc(sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
+		memcpy(sorted_env, env, sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
+		qsort(sorted_env, count, sizeof(*sorted_env), env_compare);
+
+		strbuf_init(&envblk, 0);
+		for (e = sorted_env; *e; e++) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&envblk, *e);
+			strbuf_addch(&envblk, '\0');
+		}
+		free(sorted_env);
+	}
+
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
+	ret = CreateProcess(cmd, args.buf, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
+		env ? envblk.buf : NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
+
+	if (env)
+		strbuf_release(&envblk);
+	strbuf_release(&args);
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+	return (pid_t)pi.hProcess;
+}
+
+static pid_t mingw_spawnve(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+			   int prepend_cmd)
+{
+	return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, env, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
+}
+
+pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	char **path = get_path_split();
+	char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
+
+	if (!prog) {
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		pid = -1;
+	}
+	else {
+		const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
+
+		if (interpr) {
+			const char *argv0 = argv[0];
+			char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
+			argv[0] = prog;
+			if (!iprog) {
+				errno = ENOENT;
+				pid = -1;
+			}
+			else {
+				pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, env, 1,
+						       fhin, fhout, fherr);
+				free(iprog);
+			}
+			argv[0] = argv0;
+		}
+		else
+			pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, env, 0,
+					       fhin, fhout, fherr);
+		free(prog);
+	}
+	free_path_split(path);
+	return pid;
+}
+
+static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
+{
+	const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
+	char **path;
+	char *prog;
+	int pid = 0;
+
+	if (!interpr)
+		return 0;
+	path = get_path_split();
+	prog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
+	if (prog) {
+		int argc = 0;
+		const char **argv2;
+		while (argv[argc]) argc++;
+		argv2 = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (argc+1));
+		argv2[0] = (char *)cmd;	/* full path to the script file */
+		memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
+		pid = mingw_spawnve(prog, argv2, env, 1);
+		if (pid >= 0) {
+			int status;
+			if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
+				status = 255;
+			exit(status);
+		}
+		pid = 1;	/* indicate that we tried but failed */
+		free(prog);
+		free(argv2);
+	}
+	free_path_split(path);
+	return pid;
+}
+
+static void mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *env)
+{
+	/* check if git_command is a shell script */
+	if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv, (char **)env)) {
+		int pid, status;
+
+		pid = mingw_spawnve(cmd, (const char **)argv, (char **)env, 0);
+		if (pid < 0)
+			return;
+		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
+			status = 255;
+		exit(status);
+	}
+}
+
+void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+	char **path = get_path_split();
+	char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
+
+	if (prog) {
+		mingw_execve(prog, argv, environ);
+		free(prog);
+	} else
+		errno = ENOENT;
+
+	free_path_split(path);
+}
+
+static char **copy_environ(void)
+{
+	char **env;
+	int i = 0;
+	while (environ[i])
+		i++;
+	env = xmalloc((i+1)*sizeof(*env));
+	for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
+		env[i] = xstrdup(environ[i]);
+	env[i] = NULL;
+	return env;
+}
+
+void free_environ(char **env)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
+		free(env[i]);
+	free(env);
+}
+
+static int lookup_env(char **env, const char *name, size_t nmln)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
+		if (0 == strncmp(env[i], name, nmln)
+		    && '=' == env[i][nmln])
+			/* matches */
+			return i;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
+ */
+static char **env_setenv(char **env, const char *name)
+{
+	char *eq = strchrnul(name, '=');
+	int i = lookup_env(env, name, eq-name);
+
+	if (i < 0) {
+		if (*eq) {
+			for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
+				;
+			env = xrealloc(env, (i+2)*sizeof(*env));
+			env[i] = xstrdup(name);
+			env[i+1] = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		free(env[i]);
+		if (*eq)
+			env[i] = xstrdup(name);
+		else
+			for (; env[i]; i++)
+				env[i] = env[i+1];
+	}
+	return env;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copies global environ and adjusts variables as specified by vars.
+ */
+char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars)
+{
+	char **env = copy_environ();
+
+	while (*vars)
+		env = env_setenv(env, *vars++);
+	return env;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
+ * that service contains a numerical port, or that it it is null. It
+ * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
+ * if one was found.
+ */
+static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
+				   const struct addrinfo *hints,
+				   struct addrinfo **res)
+{
+	struct hostent *h = gethostbyname(node);
+	struct addrinfo *ai;
+	struct sockaddr_in *sin;
+
+	if (!h)
+		return WSAGetLastError();
+
+	ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+	*res = ai;
+	ai->ai_flags = 0;
+	ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
+	ai->ai_socktype = hints->ai_socktype;
+	switch (hints->ai_socktype) {
+	case SOCK_STREAM:
+		ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+		break;
+	case SOCK_DGRAM:
+		ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
+		break;
+	default:
+		ai->ai_protocol = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+	ai->ai_canonname = strdup(h->h_name);
+
+	sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
+	memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
+	sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
+	if (service)
+		sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
+	sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
+	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
+	ai->ai_next = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
+{
+	free(res->ai_canonname);
+	free(res->ai_addr);
+	free(res);
+}
+
+static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+				   char *host, DWORD hostlen,
+				   char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
+{
+	const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
+	if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
+		return EAI_FAMILY;
+	if (!host && !serv)
+		return EAI_NONAME;
+
+	if (host && hostlen > 0) {
+		struct hostent *ent = NULL;
+		if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
+			ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
+					    sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
+
+		if (ent)
+			snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
+		else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
+			return EAI_NONAME;
+		else
+			snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
+	}
+
+	if (serv && servlen > 0) {
+		struct servent *ent = NULL;
+		if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
+			ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
+					    flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
+
+		if (ent)
+			snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
+		else
+			snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
+static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
+static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
+				      const struct addrinfo *hints,
+				      struct addrinfo **res);
+static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+				      char *host, DWORD hostlen,
+				      char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
+/*
+ * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
+ * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
+ */
+
+static void socket_cleanup(void)
+{
+	WSACleanup();
+	if (ipv6_dll)
+		FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
+	ipv6_dll = NULL;
+	ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
+	ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
+	ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
+}
+
+static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
+{
+	WSADATA wsa;
+	static int initialized = 0;
+	const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
+	const char **name;
+
+	if (initialized)
+		return;
+
+	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
+		die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
+			WSAGetLastError());
+
+	for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
+		ipv6_dll = LoadLibrary(*name);
+		if (!ipv6_dll)
+			continue;
+
+		ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
+			GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
+		ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
+						   const struct addrinfo *,
+						   struct addrinfo **))
+			GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
+		ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
+						   socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
+						   char *, DWORD, int))
+			GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
+		if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
+			FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
+			ipv6_dll = NULL;
+		} else
+			break;
+	}
+	if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
+		ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
+		ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
+		ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
+	}
+
+	atexit(socket_cleanup);
+	initialized = 1;
+}
+
+#undef gethostbyname
+struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
+{
+	ensure_socket_initialization();
+	return gethostbyname(host);
+}
+
+void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
+{
+	ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
+}
+
+int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
+		      const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
+{
+	ensure_socket_initialization();
+	return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
+}
+
+int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+		      char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
+		      int flags)
+{
+	ensure_socket_initialization();
+	return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
+}
+
+int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
+{
+	int sockfd;
+	SOCKET s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
+	if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+		/*
+		 * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
+		 * biased by WSABASEERR.
+		 * However, strerror() does not know about networking
+		 * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
+		 * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
+		 * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
+		 * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
+		 */
+		errno = WSAGetLastError();
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* convert into a file descriptor */
+	if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+		closesocket(s);
+		return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
+			strerror(errno));
+	}
+	return sockfd;
+}
+
+#undef connect
+int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
+{
+	SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+	return connect(s, sa, sz);
+}
+
+#undef rename
+int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
+{
+	DWORD attrs, gle;
+	int tries = 0;
+	static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
+
+	/*
+	 * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
+	 * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
+	 */
+	if (!rename(pold, pnew))
+		return 0;
+	if (errno != EEXIST)
+		return -1;
+repeat:
+	if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+		return 0;
+	/* TODO: translate more errors */
+	gle = GetLastError();
+	if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
+	    (attrs = GetFileAttributes(pnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+		if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+			errno = EISDIR;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
+		    SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+			if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+				return 0;
+			gle = GetLastError();
+			/* revert file attributes on failure */
+			SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs);
+		}
+	}
+	if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
+		/*
+		 * We assume that some other process had the source or
+		 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
+		 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
+		 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
+		 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
+		 */
+		Sleep(delay[tries]);
+		tries++;
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	errno = EACCES;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
+ * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
+ * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
+ */
+int mingw_getpagesize(void)
+{
+	SYSTEM_INFO si;
+	GetSystemInfo(&si);
+	return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
+}
+
+struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
+{
+	static char user_name[100];
+	static struct passwd p;
+
+	DWORD len = sizeof(user_name);
+	if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len))
+		return NULL;
+	p.pw_name = user_name;
+	p.pw_gecos = "unknown";
+	p.pw_dir = NULL;
+	return &p;
+}
+
+static HANDLE timer_event;
+static HANDLE timer_thread;
+static int timer_interval;
+static int one_shot;
+static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
+
+/* The timer works like this:
+ * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
+ * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
+ * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
+ * state.
+ * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
+ * length to call the signal handler.
+ */
+
+static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
+{
+	while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
+			die("Alarm");
+		if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		if (one_shot)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_timer_thread(void)
+{
+	timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+	if (timer_event) {
+		timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
+		if (!timer_thread )
+			return errno = ENOMEM,
+				error("cannot start timer thread");
+	} else
+		return errno = ENOMEM,
+			error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void stop_timer_thread(void)
+{
+	if (timer_event)
+		SetEvent(timer_event);	/* tell thread to terminate */
+	if (timer_thread) {
+		int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 1000);
+		if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
+			error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
+		else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+			error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
+			      GetLastError());
+		CloseHandle(timer_thread);
+	}
+	if (timer_event)
+		CloseHandle(timer_event);
+	timer_event = NULL;
+	timer_thread = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
+{
+	return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
+}
+
+int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
+{
+	static const struct timeval zero;
+	static int atexit_done;
+
+	if (out != NULL)
+		return errno = EINVAL,
+			error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
+	if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
+	    !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
+		return errno = EINVAL,
+			error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
+
+	if (timer_thread)
+		stop_timer_thread();
+
+	if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
+	    is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
+		return 0;
+
+	timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
+	one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
+	if (!atexit_done) {
+		atexit(stop_timer_thread);
+		atexit_done = 1;
+	}
+	return start_timer_thread();
+}
+
+int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
+{
+	if (sig != SIGALRM)
+		return errno = EINVAL,
+			error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
+	if (out != NULL)
+		return errno = EINVAL,
+			error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
+
+	timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#undef signal
+sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
+{
+	sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
+	if (sig != SIGALRM)
+		return signal(sig, handler);
+	timer_fn = handler;
+	return old;
+}
+
+static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
+{
+	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	char *c;
+
+	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
+		die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+
+	for (c = buf; *c; c++) {
+		if (*c == '/')
+			*c = '\\';
+	}
+	return buf;
+}
+
+void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
+{
+	const char *htmlpath = make_backslash_path(unixpath);
+	typedef HINSTANCE (WINAPI *T)(HWND, const char *,
+			const char *, const char *, const char *, INT);
+	T ShellExecute;
+	HMODULE shell32;
+
+	shell32 = LoadLibrary("shell32.dll");
+	if (!shell32)
+		die("cannot load shell32.dll");
+	ShellExecute = (T)GetProcAddress(shell32, "ShellExecuteA");
+	if (!ShellExecute)
+		die("cannot run browser");
+
+	printf("Launching default browser to display HTML ...\n");
+	ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", 0);
+
+	FreeLibrary(shell32);
+}
+
+int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+	typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(const char*, const char*, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
+	static T create_hard_link = NULL;
+	if (!create_hard_link) {
+		create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
+			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkA");
+		if (!create_hard_link)
+			create_hard_link = (T)-1;
+	}
+	if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
+		errno = ENOSYS;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!create_hard_link(newpath, oldpath, NULL)) {
+		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char *getpass(const char *prompt)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	fputs(prompt, stderr);
+	for (;;) {
+		char c = _getch();
+		if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+			break;
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
+	}
+	fputs("\n", stderr);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
+/* MinGW readdir implementation to avoid extra lstats for Git */
+struct mingw_DIR
+{
+	struct _finddata_t	dd_dta;		/* disk transfer area for this dir */
+	struct mingw_dirent	dd_dir;		/* Our own implementation, including d_type */
+	long			dd_handle;	/* _findnext handle */
+	int			dd_stat; 	/* 0 = next entry to read is first entry, -1 = off the end, positive = 0 based index of next entry */
+	char			dd_name[1]; 	/* given path for dir with search pattern (struct is extended) */
+};
+
+struct dirent *mingw_readdir(DIR *dir)
+{
+	WIN32_FIND_DATAA buf;
+	HANDLE handle;
+	struct mingw_DIR *mdir = (struct mingw_DIR*)dir;
+
+	if (!dir->dd_handle) {
+		errno = EBADF; /* No set_errno for mingw */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (dir->dd_handle == (long)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && dir->dd_stat == 0)
+	{
+		DWORD lasterr;
+		handle = FindFirstFileA(dir->dd_name, &buf);
+		lasterr = GetLastError();
+		dir->dd_handle = (long)handle;
+		if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)) {
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else if (dir->dd_handle == (long)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		return NULL;
+	} else if (!FindNextFileA((HANDLE)dir->dd_handle, &buf)) {
+		DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
+		FindClose((HANDLE)dir->dd_handle);
+		dir->dd_handle = (long)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
+		   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
+		if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* We get here if `buf' contains valid data.  */
+	strcpy(dir->dd_dir.d_name, buf.cFileName);
+	++dir->dd_stat;
+
+	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
+	mdir->dd_dir.d_type = 0;
+	if (buf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+		mdir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_DIR;
+	else
+		mdir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_REG;
+
+	return (struct dirent*)&dir->dd_dir;
+}
+#endif // !NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e254fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+
+/*
+ * things that are not available in header files
+ */
+
+typedef int pid_t;
+#define hstrerror strerror
+
+#define S_IFLNK    0120000 /* Symbolic link */
+#define S_ISLNK(x) (((x) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
+#define S_ISSOCK(x) 0
+#define S_IRGRP 0
+#define S_IWGRP 0
+#define S_IXGRP 0
+#define S_ISGID 0
+#define S_IROTH 0
+#define S_IXOTH 0
+
+#define WIFEXITED(x) 1
+#define WIFSIGNALED(x) 0
+#define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
+#define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
+
+#define SIGHUP 1
+#define SIGQUIT 3
+#define SIGKILL 9
+#define SIGPIPE 13
+#define SIGALRM 14
+#define SIGCHLD 17
+
+#define F_GETFD 1
+#define F_SETFD 2
+#define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
+
+struct passwd {
+	char *pw_name;
+	char *pw_gecos;
+	char *pw_dir;
+};
+
+extern char *getpass(const char *prompt);
+
+#ifndef POLLIN
+struct pollfd {
+	int fd;           /* file descriptor */
+	short events;     /* requested events */
+	short revents;    /* returned events */
+};
+#define POLLIN 1
+#define POLLHUP 2
+#endif
+
+typedef void (__cdecl *sig_handler_t)(int);
+struct sigaction {
+	sig_handler_t sa_handler;
+	unsigned sa_flags;
+};
+#define sigemptyset(x) (void)0
+#define SA_RESTART 0
+
+struct itimerval {
+	struct timeval it_value, it_interval;
+};
+#define ITIMER_REAL 0
+
+/*
+ * trivial stubs
+ */
+
+static inline int readlink(const char *path, char *buf, size_t bufsiz)
+{ errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+static inline int symlink(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{ errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+static inline int fchmod(int fildes, mode_t mode)
+{ errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+static inline int fork(void)
+{ errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+static inline unsigned int alarm(unsigned int seconds)
+{ return 0; }
+static inline int fsync(int fd)
+{ return 0; }
+static inline int getppid(void)
+{ return 1; }
+static inline void sync(void)
+{}
+static inline int getuid()
+{ return 1; }
+static inline struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name)
+{ return NULL; }
+static inline int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, long arg)
+{
+	if (cmd == F_GETFD || cmd == F_SETFD)
+		return 0;
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+}
+/* bash cannot reliably detect negative return codes as failure */
+#define exit(code) exit((code) & 0xff)
+
+/*
+ * simple adaptors
+ */
+
+static inline int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+	return mkdir(path);
+}
+#define mkdir mingw_mkdir
+
+static inline int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
+{
+	/* read-only files cannot be removed */
+	chmod(pathname, 0666);
+	return unlink(pathname);
+}
+#define unlink mingw_unlink
+
+static inline int waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, unsigned options)
+{
+	if (options == 0)
+		return _cwait(status, pid, 0);
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+static inline int mingw_SSL_set_fd(SSL *ssl, int fd)
+{
+	return SSL_set_fd(ssl, _get_osfhandle(fd));
+}
+#define SSL_set_fd mingw_SSL_set_fd
+
+static inline int mingw_SSL_set_rfd(SSL *ssl, int fd)
+{
+	return SSL_set_rfd(ssl, _get_osfhandle(fd));
+}
+#define SSL_set_rfd mingw_SSL_set_rfd
+
+static inline int mingw_SSL_set_wfd(SSL *ssl, int fd)
+{
+	return SSL_set_wfd(ssl, _get_osfhandle(fd));
+}
+#define SSL_set_wfd mingw_SSL_set_wfd
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * implementations of missing functions
+ */
+
+int pipe(int filedes[2]);
+unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds);
+int mkstemp(char *template);
+int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz);
+int poll(struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int nfds, int timeout);
+struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
+struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
+int getpagesize(void);	/* defined in MinGW's libgcc.a */
+struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid);
+int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out);
+int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out);
+int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+
+/*
+ * replacements of existing functions
+ */
+
+int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...);
+#define open mingw_open
+
+char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
+#define getcwd mingw_getcwd
+
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name);
+#define getenv mingw_getenv
+
+struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host);
+#define gethostbyname mingw_gethostbyname
+
+void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res);
+#define freeaddrinfo mingw_freeaddrinfo
+
+int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
+		      const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
+#define getaddrinfo mingw_getaddrinfo
+
+int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+		      char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
+		      int flags);
+#define getnameinfo mingw_getnameinfo
+
+int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
+#define socket mingw_socket
+
+int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz);
+#define connect mingw_connect
+
+int mingw_rename(const char*, const char*);
+#define rename mingw_rename
+
+#if defined(USE_WIN32_MMAP) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+int mingw_getpagesize(void);
+#define getpagesize mingw_getpagesize
+#endif
+
+/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and
+ * mingw_fstat() instead of fstat() on Windows.
+ */
+#define off_t off64_t
+#define lseek _lseeki64
+#ifndef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+#define stat _stati64
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
+int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+#define fstat mingw_fstat
+#define lstat mingw_lstat
+#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
+#endif
+
+int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
+#define utime mingw_utime
+
+pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr);
+void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+#define execvp mingw_execvp
+
+static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x)
+{ return (unsigned int)ntohl(x); }
+#define ntohl git_ntohl
+
+sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler);
+#define signal mingw_signal
+
+/*
+ * ANSI emulation wrappers
+ */
+
+int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream);
+int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+#define fputs winansi_fputs
+#define printf(...) winansi_printf(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define fprintf(...) winansi_fprintf(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+/*
+ * git specific compatibility
+ */
+
+#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) (isalpha(*(path)) && (path)[1] == ':')
+#define is_dir_sep(c) ((c) == '/' || (c) == '\\')
+#define PATH_SEP ';'
+#define PRIuMAX "I64u"
+
+void mingw_open_html(const char *path);
+#define open_html mingw_open_html
+
+/*
+ * helpers
+ */
+
+char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars);
+void free_environ(char **env);
+
+/*
+ * A replacement of main() that ensures that argv[0] has a path
+ * and that default fmode and std(in|out|err) are in binary mode
+ */
+
+#define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(); \
+static int mingw_main(); \
+int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
+{ \
+	_fmode = _O_BINARY; \
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY); \
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY); \
+	_setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY); \
+	argv[0] = xstrdup(_pgmptr); \
+	return mingw_main(argc, argv); \
+} \
+static int mingw_main(c,v)
+
+#ifndef NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
+/*
+ * A replacement of readdir, to ensure that it reads the file type at
+ * the same time. This avoid extra unneeded lstats in git on MinGW
+ */
+#undef DT_UNKNOWN
+#undef DT_DIR
+#undef DT_REG
+#undef DT_LNK
+#define DT_UNKNOWN	0
+#define DT_DIR		1
+#define DT_REG		2
+#define DT_LNK		3
+
+struct mingw_dirent
+{
+	long		d_ino;			/* Always zero. */
+	union {
+		unsigned short	d_reclen;	/* Always zero. */
+		unsigned char   d_type;		/* Reimplementation adds this */
+	};
+	unsigned short	d_namlen;		/* Length of name in d_name. */
+	char		d_name[FILENAME_MAX];	/* File name. */
+};
+#define dirent mingw_dirent
+#define readdir(x) mingw_readdir(x)
+struct dirent *mingw_readdir(DIR *dir);
+#endif // !NO_MINGW_REPLACE_READDIR
+
+/*
+ * Used by Pthread API implementation for Windows
+ */
+extern int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr);
diff --git a/compat/mkdtemp.c b/compat/mkdtemp.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34d4b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mkdtemp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+char *gitmkdtemp(char *template)
+{
+	if (!mktemp(template) || mkdir(template, 0700))
+		return NULL;
+	return template;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mkstemps.c b/compat/mkstemps.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14179c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mkstemps.c
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+/* Adapted from libiberty's mkstemp.c. */
+
+#undef TMP_MAX
+#define TMP_MAX 16384
+
+int gitmkstemps(char *pattern, int suffix_len)
+{
+	static const char letters[] =
+		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+		"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+		"0123456789";
+	static const int num_letters = 62;
+	uint64_t value;
+	struct timeval tv;
+	char *template;
+	size_t len;
+	int fd, count;
+
+	len = strlen(pattern);
+
+	if (len < 6 + suffix_len) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (strncmp(&pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len], "XXXXXX", 6)) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Replace pattern's XXXXXX characters with randomness.
+	 * Try TMP_MAX different filenames.
+	 */
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	value = ((size_t)(tv.tv_usec << 16)) ^ tv.tv_sec ^ getpid();
+	template = &pattern[len - 6 - suffix_len];
+	for (count = 0; count < TMP_MAX; ++count) {
+		uint64_t v = value;
+		/* Fill in the random bits. */
+		template[0] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[1] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[2] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[3] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[4] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
+
+		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, 0600);
+		if (fd > 0)
+			return fd;
+		/*
+		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
+		 * It doesn't make sense to loop.
+		 */
+		if (errno != EEXIST)
+			break;
+		/*
+		 * This is a random value.  It is only necessary that
+		 * the next TMP_MAX values generated by adding 7777 to
+		 * VALUE are different with (module 2^32).
+		 */
+		value += 7777;
+	}
+	/* We return the null string if we can't find a unique file name.  */
+	pattern[0] = '\0';
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mmap.c b/compat/mmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d46d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	size_t n = 0;
+
+	if (start != NULL || !(flags & MAP_PRIVATE))
+		die("Invalid usage of mmap when built with NO_MMAP");
+
+	start = xmalloc(length);
+	if (start == NULL) {
+		errno = ENOMEM;
+		return MAP_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	while (n < length) {
+		ssize_t count = pread(fd, (char *)start + n, length - n, offset + n);
+
+		if (count == 0) {
+			memset((char *)start+n, 0, length-n);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (count < 0) {
+			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			free(start);
+			errno = EACCES;
+			return MAP_FAILED;
+		}
+
+		n += count;
+	}
+
+	return start;
+}
+
+int git_munmap(void *start, size_t length)
+{
+	free(start);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/compat/msvc.c b/compat/msvc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac04a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/msvc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "win32.h"
+#include <conio.h>
+#include "../strbuf.h"
+
+DIR *opendir(const char *name)
+{
+	int len;
+	DIR *p;
+	p = (DIR*)malloc(sizeof(DIR));
+	memset(p, 0, sizeof(DIR));
+	strncpy(p->dd_name, name, PATH_MAX);
+	len = strlen(p->dd_name);
+	p->dd_name[len] = '/';
+	p->dd_name[len+1] = '*';
+
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	p->dd_handle = _findfirst(p->dd_name, &p->dd_dta);
+
+	if (p->dd_handle == -1) {
+		free(p);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+int closedir(DIR *dir)
+{
+	_findclose(dir->dd_handle);
+	free(dir);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#include "mingw.c"
diff --git a/compat/msvc.h b/compat/msvc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023aba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef __MSVC__HEAD
+#define __MSVC__HEAD
+
+#include <direct.h>
+#include <process.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+
+/* porting function */
+#define inline __inline
+#define __inline__ __inline
+#define __attribute__(x)
+#define va_copy(dst, src)     ((dst) = (src))
+#define strncasecmp  _strnicmp
+#define ftruncate    _chsize
+
+static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	int size1 = strlen(s1);
+	int sisz2 = strlen(s2);
+	return _strnicmp(s1, s2, sisz2 > size1 ? sisz2 : size1);
+}
+
+#undef ERROR
+
+/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and mingw_fstat() instead
+ * of fstat(). We add the declaration of these functions here, suppressing
+ * the corresponding declarations in mingw.h, so that we can use the
+ * appropriate structure type (and function) names from the msvc headers.
+ */
+#define stat _stat64
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
+int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+#define fstat mingw_fstat
+#define lstat mingw_lstat
+#define _stat64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
+#define ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+
+#include "compat/mingw.h"
+
+#undef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/License.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/License.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36b7cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/License.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
+this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
+execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+do so, all subject to the following:
+
+The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+a source language processor.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8763656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+nedalloc v1.05 15th June 2008:
+-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+
+by Niall Douglas (http://www.nedprod.com/programs/portable/nedmalloc/)
+
+Enclosed is nedalloc, an alternative malloc implementation for multiple
+threads without lock contention based on dlmalloc v2.8.4. It is more
+or less a newer implementation of ptmalloc2, the standard allocator in
+Linux (which is based on dlmalloc v2.7.0) but also contains a per-thread
+cache for maximum CPU scalability.
+
+It is licensed under the Boost Software License which basically means
+you can do anything you like with it. This does not apply to the malloc.c.h
+file which remains copyright to others.
+
+It has been tested on win32 (x86), win64 (x64), Linux (x64), FreeBSD (x64)
+and Apple MacOS X (x86). It works very well on all of these and is very
+significantly faster than the system allocator on all of these platforms.
+
+By literally dropping in this allocator as a replacement for your system
+allocator, you can see real world improvements of up to three times in normal
+code!
+
+To use:
+-=-=-=-
+Drop in nedmalloc.h, nedmalloc.c and malloc.c.h into your project.
+Configure using the instructions in nedmalloc.h. Run and enjoy.
+
+To test, compile test.c. It will run a comparison between your system
+allocator and nedalloc and tell you how much faster nedalloc is. It also
+serves as an example of usage.
+
+Notes:
+-=-=-=
+If you want the very latest version of this allocator, get it from the
+TnFOX SVN repository at svn://svn.berlios.de/viewcvs/tnfox/trunk/src/nedmalloc
+
+Because of how nedalloc allocates an mspace per thread, it can cause
+severe bloating of memory usage under certain allocation patterns.
+You can substantially reduce this wastage by setting MAXTHREADSINPOOL
+or the threads parameter to nedcreatepool() to a fraction of the number of
+threads which would normally be in a pool at once. This will reduce
+bloating at the cost of an increase in lock contention. If allocated size
+is less than THREADCACHEMAX, locking is avoided 90-99% of the time and
+if most of your allocations are below this value, you can safely set
+MAXTHREADSINPOOL to one.
+
+You will suffer memory leakage unless you call neddisablethreadcache()
+per pool for every thread which exits. This is because nedalloc cannot
+portably know when a thread exits and thus when its thread cache can
+be returned for use by other code. Don't forget pool zero, the system pool.
+
+For C++ type allocation patterns (where the same sizes of memory are
+regularly allocated and deallocated as objects are created and destroyed),
+the threadcache always benefits performance. If however your allocation
+patterns are different, searching the threadcache may significantly slow
+down your code - as a rule of thumb, if cache utilisation is below 80%
+(see the source for neddisablethreadcache() for how to enable debug
+printing in release mode) then you should disable the thread cache for
+that thread. You can compile out the threadcache code by setting
+THREADCACHEMAX to zero.
+
+Speed comparisons:
+-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
+See Benchmarks.xls for details.
+
+The enclosed test.c can do two things: it can be a torture test or a speed
+test. The speed test is designed to be a representative synthetic
+memory allocator test. It works by randomly mixing allocations with frees
+with half of the allocation sizes being a two power multiple less than
+512 bytes (to mimic C++ stack instantiated objects) and the other half
+being a simple random value less than 16Kb.
+
+The real world code results are from Tn's TestIO benchmark. This is a
+heavily multithreaded and memory intensive benchmark with a lot of branching
+and other stuff modern processors don't like so much. As you'll note, the
+test doesn't show the benefits of the threadcache mostly due to the saturation
+of the memory bus being the limiting factor.
+
+ChangeLog:
+-=-=-=-=-=
+v1.05 15th June 2008:
+ * { 1042 } Added error check for TLSSET() and TLSFREE() macros. Thanks to
+Markus Elfring for reporting this.
+ * { 1043 } Fixed a segfault when freeing memory allocated using
+nedindependent_comalloc(). Thanks to Pavel Vozenilek for reporting this.
+
+v1.04 14th July 2007:
+ * Fixed a bug with the new optimised implementation that failed to lock
+on a realloc under certain conditions.
+ * Fixed lack of thread synchronisation in InitPool() causing pool corruption
+ * Fixed a memory leak of thread cache contents on disabling. Thanks to Earl
+Chew for reporting this.
+ * Added a sanity check for freed blocks being valid.
+ * Reworked test.c into being a torture test.
+ * Fixed GCC assembler optimisation misspecification
+
+v1.04alpha_svn915 7th October 2006:
+ * Fixed failure to unlock thread cache list if allocating a new list failed.
+Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Futher thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
+ * Fixed realloc(0, <size>) segfaulting. Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for
+reporting this.
+ * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overriden by the build system.
+Thanks to Aleksey Sanin for suggesting this.
+ * Fixed deadlock in nedprealloc() due to unnecessary locking of preferred
+thread mspace when mspace_realloc() always uses the original block's mspace
+anyway. Thanks to Aleksey Sanin for reporting this.
+ * Made some speed improvements by hacking mspace_malloc() to no longer lock
+its mspace, thus allowing the recursive mutex implementation to be removed
+with an associated speed increase. Thanks to Aleksey Sanin for suggesting this.
+ * Fixed a bug where allocating mspaces overran its max limit. Thanks to
+Aleksey Sanin for reporting this.
+
+v1.03 10th July 2006:
+ * Fixed memory corruption bug in threadcache code which only appeared with >4
+threads and in heavy use of the threadcache.
+
+v1.02 15th May 2006:
+ * Integrated dlmalloc v2.8.4, fixing the win32 memory release problem and
+improving performance still further. Speed is now up to twice the speed of v1.01
+(average is 67% faster).
+ * Fixed win32 critical section implementation. Thanks to Pavel Kuznetsov
+for reporting this.
+ * Wasn't locking mspace if all mspaces were locked. Thanks to Pavel Kuznetsov
+for reporting this.
+ * Added Apple Mac OS X support.
+
+v1.01 24th February 2006:
+ * Fixed multiprocessor scaling problems by removing sources of cache sloshing
+ * Earl Chew <earl_chew <at> agilent <dot> com> sent patches for the following:
+   1. size2binidx() wasn't working for default code path (non x86)
+   2. Fixed failure to release mspace lock under certain circumstances which
+      caused a deadlock
+
+v1.00 1st January 2006:
+ * First release
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74c42e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5752 @@
+/*
+  This is a version (aka dlmalloc) of malloc/free/realloc written by
+  Doug Lea and released to the public domain, as explained at
+  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain.  Send questions,
+  comments, complaints, performance data, etc to dl@cs.oswego.edu
+
+* Version pre-2.8.4 Mon Nov 27 11:22:37 2006    (dl at gee)
+
+   Note: There may be an updated version of this malloc obtainable at
+	   ftp://gee.cs.oswego.edu/pub/misc/malloc.c
+	 Check before installing!
+
+* Quickstart
+
+  This library is all in one file to simplify the most common usage:
+  ftp it, compile it (-O3), and link it into another program. All of
+  the compile-time options default to reasonable values for use on
+  most platforms.  You might later want to step through various
+  compile-time and dynamic tuning options.
+
+  For convenience, an include file for code using this malloc is at:
+     ftp://gee.cs.oswego.edu/pub/misc/malloc-2.8.4.h
+  You don't really need this .h file unless you call functions not
+  defined in your system include files.  The .h file contains only the
+  excerpts from this file needed for using this malloc on ANSI C/C++
+  systems, so long as you haven't changed compile-time options about
+  naming and tuning parameters.  If you do, then you can create your
+  own malloc.h that does include all settings by cutting at the point
+  indicated below. Note that you may already by default be using a C
+  library containing a malloc that is based on some version of this
+  malloc (for example in linux). You might still want to use the one
+  in this file to customize settings or to avoid overheads associated
+  with library versions.
+
+* Vital statistics:
+
+  Supported pointer/size_t representation:       4 or 8 bytes
+       size_t MUST be an unsigned type of the same width as
+       pointers. (If you are using an ancient system that declares
+       size_t as a signed type, or need it to be a different width
+       than pointers, you can use a previous release of this malloc
+       (e.g. 2.7.2) supporting these.)
+
+  Alignment:                                     8 bytes (default)
+       This suffices for nearly all current machines and C compilers.
+       However, you can define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT to be wider than this
+       if necessary (up to 128bytes), at the expense of using more space.
+
+  Minimum overhead per allocated chunk:   4 or  8 bytes (if 4byte sizes)
+					  8 or 16 bytes (if 8byte sizes)
+       Each malloced chunk has a hidden word of overhead holding size
+       and status information, and additional cross-check word
+       if FOOTERS is defined.
+
+  Minimum allocated size: 4-byte ptrs:  16 bytes    (including overhead)
+			  8-byte ptrs:  32 bytes    (including overhead)
+
+       Even a request for zero bytes (i.e., malloc(0)) returns a
+       pointer to something of the minimum allocatable size.
+       The maximum overhead wastage (i.e., number of extra bytes
+       allocated than were requested in malloc) is less than or equal
+       to the minimum size, except for requests >= mmap_threshold that
+       are serviced via mmap(), where the worst case wastage is about
+       32 bytes plus the remainder from a system page (the minimal
+       mmap unit); typically 4096 or 8192 bytes.
+
+  Security: static-safe; optionally more or less
+       The "security" of malloc refers to the ability of malicious
+       code to accentuate the effects of errors (for example, freeing
+       space that is not currently malloc'ed or overwriting past the
+       ends of chunks) in code that calls malloc.  This malloc
+       guarantees not to modify any memory locations below the base of
+       heap, i.e., static variables, even in the presence of usage
+       errors.  The routines additionally detect most improper frees
+       and reallocs.  All this holds as long as the static bookkeeping
+       for malloc itself is not corrupted by some other means.  This
+       is only one aspect of security -- these checks do not, and
+       cannot, detect all possible programming errors.
+
+       If FOOTERS is defined nonzero, then each allocated chunk
+       carries an additional check word to verify that it was malloced
+       from its space.  These check words are the same within each
+       execution of a program using malloc, but differ across
+       executions, so externally crafted fake chunks cannot be
+       freed. This improves security by rejecting frees/reallocs that
+       could corrupt heap memory, in addition to the checks preventing
+       writes to statics that are always on.  This may further improve
+       security at the expense of time and space overhead.  (Note that
+       FOOTERS may also be worth using with MSPACES.)
+
+       By default detected errors cause the program to abort (calling
+       "abort()"). You can override this to instead proceed past
+       errors by defining PROCEED_ON_ERROR.  In this case, a bad free
+       has no effect, and a malloc that encounters a bad address
+       caused by user overwrites will ignore the bad address by
+       dropping pointers and indices to all known memory. This may
+       be appropriate for programs that should continue if at all
+       possible in the face of programming errors, although they may
+       run out of memory because dropped memory is never reclaimed.
+
+       If you don't like either of these options, you can define
+       CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION and USAGE_ERROR_ACTION to do anything
+       else. And if if you are sure that your program using malloc has
+       no errors or vulnerabilities, you can define INSECURE to 1,
+       which might (or might not) provide a small performance improvement.
+
+  Thread-safety: NOT thread-safe unless USE_LOCKS defined
+       When USE_LOCKS is defined, each public call to malloc, free,
+       etc is surrounded with either a pthread mutex or a win32
+       spinlock (depending on WIN32). This is not especially fast, and
+       can be a major bottleneck.  It is designed only to provide
+       minimal protection in concurrent environments, and to provide a
+       basis for extensions.  If you are using malloc in a concurrent
+       program, consider instead using nedmalloc
+       (http://www.nedprod.com/programs/portable/nedmalloc/) or
+       ptmalloc (See http://www.malloc.de), which are derived
+       from versions of this malloc.
+
+  System requirements: Any combination of MORECORE and/or MMAP/MUNMAP
+       This malloc can use unix sbrk or any emulation (invoked using
+       the CALL_MORECORE macro) and/or mmap/munmap or any emulation
+       (invoked using CALL_MMAP/CALL_MUNMAP) to get and release system
+       memory.  On most unix systems, it tends to work best if both
+       MORECORE and MMAP are enabled.  On Win32, it uses emulations
+       based on VirtualAlloc. It also uses common C library functions
+       like memset.
+
+  Compliance: I believe it is compliant with the Single Unix Specification
+       (See http://www.unix.org). Also SVID/XPG, ANSI C, and probably
+       others as well.
+
+* Overview of algorithms
+
+  This is not the fastest, most space-conserving, most portable, or
+  most tunable malloc ever written. However it is among the fastest
+  while also being among the most space-conserving, portable and
+  tunable.  Consistent balance across these factors results in a good
+  general-purpose allocator for malloc-intensive programs.
+
+  In most ways, this malloc is a best-fit allocator. Generally, it
+  chooses the best-fitting existing chunk for a request, with ties
+  broken in approximately least-recently-used order. (This strategy
+  normally maintains low fragmentation.) However, for requests less
+  than 256bytes, it deviates from best-fit when there is not an
+  exactly fitting available chunk by preferring to use space adjacent
+  to that used for the previous small request, as well as by breaking
+  ties in approximately most-recently-used order. (These enhance
+  locality of series of small allocations.)  And for very large requests
+  (>= 256Kb by default), it relies on system memory mapping
+  facilities, if supported.  (This helps avoid carrying around and
+  possibly fragmenting memory used only for large chunks.)
+
+  All operations (except malloc_stats and mallinfo) have execution
+  times that are bounded by a constant factor of the number of bits in
+  a size_t, not counting any clearing in calloc or copying in realloc,
+  or actions surrounding MORECORE and MMAP that have times
+  proportional to the number of non-contiguous regions returned by
+  system allocation routines, which is often just 1. In real-time
+  applications, you can optionally suppress segment traversals using
+  NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL, which assures bounded execution even when
+  system allocators return non-contiguous spaces, at the typical
+  expense of carrying around more memory and increased fragmentation.
+
+  The implementation is not very modular and seriously overuses
+  macros. Perhaps someday all C compilers will do as good a job
+  inlining modular code as can now be done by brute-force expansion,
+  but now, enough of them seem not to.
+
+  Some compilers issue a lot of warnings about code that is
+  dead/unreachable only on some platforms, and also about intentional
+  uses of negation on unsigned types. All known cases of each can be
+  ignored.
+
+  For a longer but out of date high-level description, see
+     http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/malloc.html
+
+* MSPACES
+  If MSPACES is defined, then in addition to malloc, free, etc.,
+  this file also defines mspace_malloc, mspace_free, etc. These
+  are versions of malloc routines that take an "mspace" argument
+  obtained using create_mspace, to control all internal bookkeeping.
+  If ONLY_MSPACES is defined, only these versions are compiled.
+  So if you would like to use this allocator for only some allocations,
+  and your system malloc for others, you can compile with
+  ONLY_MSPACES and then do something like...
+    static mspace mymspace = create_mspace(0,0); // for example
+    #define mymalloc(bytes)  mspace_malloc(mymspace, bytes)
+
+  (Note: If you only need one instance of an mspace, you can instead
+  use "USE_DL_PREFIX" to relabel the global malloc.)
+
+  You can similarly create thread-local allocators by storing
+  mspaces as thread-locals. For example:
+    static __thread mspace tlms = 0;
+    void*  tlmalloc(size_t bytes) {
+      if (tlms == 0) tlms = create_mspace(0, 0);
+      return mspace_malloc(tlms, bytes);
+    }
+    void  tlfree(void* mem) { mspace_free(tlms, mem); }
+
+  Unless FOOTERS is defined, each mspace is completely independent.
+  You cannot allocate from one and free to another (although
+  conformance is only weakly checked, so usage errors are not always
+  caught). If FOOTERS is defined, then each chunk carries around a tag
+  indicating its originating mspace, and frees are directed to their
+  originating spaces.
+
+ -------------------------  Compile-time options ---------------------------
+
+Be careful in setting #define values for numerical constants of type
+size_t. On some systems, literal values are not automatically extended
+to size_t precision unless they are explicitly casted. You can also
+use the symbolic values MAX_SIZE_T, SIZE_T_ONE, etc below.
+
+WIN32                    default: defined if _WIN32 defined
+  Defining WIN32 sets up defaults for MS environment and compilers.
+  Otherwise defaults are for unix. Beware that there seem to be some
+  cases where this malloc might not be a pure drop-in replacement for
+  Win32 malloc: Random-looking failures from Win32 GDI API's (eg;
+  SetDIBits()) may be due to bugs in some video driver implementations
+  when pixel buffers are malloc()ed, and the region spans more than
+  one VirtualAlloc()ed region. Because dlmalloc uses a small (64Kb)
+  default granularity, pixel buffers may straddle virtual allocation
+  regions more often than when using the Microsoft allocator.  You can
+  avoid this by using VirtualAlloc() and VirtualFree() for all pixel
+  buffers rather than using malloc().  If this is not possible,
+  recompile this malloc with a larger DEFAULT_GRANULARITY.
+
+MALLOC_ALIGNMENT         default: (size_t)8
+  Controls the minimum alignment for malloc'ed chunks.  It must be a
+  power of two and at least 8, even on machines for which smaller
+  alignments would suffice. It may be defined as larger than this
+  though. Note however that code and data structures are optimized for
+  the case of 8-byte alignment.
+
+MSPACES                  default: 0 (false)
+  If true, compile in support for independent allocation spaces.
+  This is only supported if HAVE_MMAP is true.
+
+ONLY_MSPACES             default: 0 (false)
+  If true, only compile in mspace versions, not regular versions.
+
+USE_LOCKS                default: 0 (false)
+  Causes each call to each public routine to be surrounded with
+  pthread or WIN32 mutex lock/unlock. (If set true, this can be
+  overridden on a per-mspace basis for mspace versions.) If set to a
+  non-zero value other than 1, locks are used, but their
+  implementation is left out, so lock functions must be supplied manually.
+
+USE_SPIN_LOCKS           default: 1 iff USE_LOCKS and on x86 using gcc or MSC
+  If true, uses custom spin locks for locking. This is currently
+  supported only for x86 platforms using gcc or recent MS compilers.
+  Otherwise, posix locks or win32 critical sections are used.
+
+FOOTERS                  default: 0
+  If true, provide extra checking and dispatching by placing
+  information in the footers of allocated chunks. This adds
+  space and time overhead.
+
+INSECURE                 default: 0
+  If true, omit checks for usage errors and heap space overwrites.
+
+USE_DL_PREFIX            default: NOT defined
+  Causes compiler to prefix all public routines with the string 'dl'.
+  This can be useful when you only want to use this malloc in one part
+  of a program, using your regular system malloc elsewhere.
+
+ABORT                    default: defined as abort()
+  Defines how to abort on failed checks.  On most systems, a failed
+  check cannot die with an "assert" or even print an informative
+  message, because the underlying print routines in turn call malloc,
+  which will fail again.  Generally, the best policy is to simply call
+  abort(). It's not very useful to do more than this because many
+  errors due to overwriting will show up as address faults (null, odd
+  addresses etc) rather than malloc-triggered checks, so will also
+  abort.  Also, most compilers know that abort() does not return, so
+  can better optimize code conditionally calling it.
+
+PROCEED_ON_ERROR           default: defined as 0 (false)
+  Controls whether detected bad addresses cause them to bypassed
+  rather than aborting. If set, detected bad arguments to free and
+  realloc are ignored. And all bookkeeping information is zeroed out
+  upon a detected overwrite of freed heap space, thus losing the
+  ability to ever return it from malloc again, but enabling the
+  application to proceed. If PROCEED_ON_ERROR is defined, the
+  static variable malloc_corruption_error_count is compiled in
+  and can be examined to see if errors have occurred. This option
+  generates slower code than the default abort policy.
+
+DEBUG                    default: NOT defined
+  The DEBUG setting is mainly intended for people trying to modify
+  this code or diagnose problems when porting to new platforms.
+  However, it may also be able to better isolate user errors than just
+  using runtime checks.  The assertions in the check routines spell
+  out in more detail the assumptions and invariants underlying the
+  algorithms.  The checking is fairly extensive, and will slow down
+  execution noticeably. Calling malloc_stats or mallinfo with DEBUG
+  set will attempt to check every non-mmapped allocated and free chunk
+  in the course of computing the summaries.
+
+ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE   default: defined as 1 (true)
+  Debugging assertion failures can be nearly impossible if your
+  version of the assert macro causes malloc to be called, which will
+  lead to a cascade of further failures, blowing the runtime stack.
+  ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE cause assertions failures to call abort(),
+  which will usually make debugging easier.
+
+MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION     default: sets errno to ENOMEM, or no-op on win32
+  The action to take before "return 0" when malloc fails to be able to
+  return memory because there is none available.
+
+HAVE_MORECORE             default: 1 (true) unless win32 or ONLY_MSPACES
+  True if this system supports sbrk or an emulation of it.
+
+MORECORE                  default: sbrk
+  The name of the sbrk-style system routine to call to obtain more
+  memory.  See below for guidance on writing custom MORECORE
+  functions. The type of the argument to sbrk/MORECORE varies across
+  systems.  It cannot be size_t, because it supports negative
+  arguments, so it is normally the signed type of the same width as
+  size_t (sometimes declared as "intptr_t").  It doesn't much matter
+  though. Internally, we only call it with arguments less than half
+  the max value of a size_t, which should work across all reasonable
+  possibilities, although sometimes generating compiler warnings.
+
+MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS       default: 1 (true) if HAVE_MORECORE
+  If true, take advantage of fact that consecutive calls to MORECORE
+  with positive arguments always return contiguous increasing
+  addresses.  This is true of unix sbrk. It does not hurt too much to
+  set it true anyway, since malloc copes with non-contiguities.
+  Setting it false when definitely non-contiguous saves time
+  and possibly wasted space it would take to discover this though.
+
+MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM      default: NOT defined
+  True if MORECORE cannot release space back to the system when given
+  negative arguments. This is generally necessary only if you are
+  using a hand-crafted MORECORE function that cannot handle negative
+  arguments.
+
+NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL       default: 0
+  If non-zero, suppresses traversals of memory segments
+  returned by either MORECORE or CALL_MMAP. This disables
+  merging of segments that are contiguous, and selectively
+  releasing them to the OS if unused, but bounds execution times.
+
+HAVE_MMAP                 default: 1 (true)
+  True if this system supports mmap or an emulation of it.  If so, and
+  HAVE_MORECORE is not true, MMAP is used for all system
+  allocation. If set and HAVE_MORECORE is true as well, MMAP is
+  primarily used to directly allocate very large blocks. It is also
+  used as a backup strategy in cases where MORECORE fails to provide
+  space from system. Note: A single call to MUNMAP is assumed to be
+  able to unmap memory that may have be allocated using multiple calls
+  to MMAP, so long as they are adjacent.
+
+HAVE_MREMAP               default: 1 on linux, else 0
+  If true realloc() uses mremap() to re-allocate large blocks and
+  extend or shrink allocation spaces.
+
+MMAP_CLEARS               default: 1 except on WINCE.
+  True if mmap clears memory so calloc doesn't need to. This is true
+  for standard unix mmap using /dev/zero and on WIN32 except for WINCE.
+
+USE_BUILTIN_FFS            default: 0 (i.e., not used)
+  Causes malloc to use the builtin ffs() function to compute indices.
+  Some compilers may recognize and intrinsify ffs to be faster than the
+  supplied C version. Also, the case of x86 using gcc is special-cased
+  to an asm instruction, so is already as fast as it can be, and so
+  this setting has no effect. Similarly for Win32 under recent MS compilers.
+  (On most x86s, the asm version is only slightly faster than the C version.)
+
+malloc_getpagesize         default: derive from system includes, or 4096.
+  The system page size. To the extent possible, this malloc manages
+  memory from the system in page-size units.  This may be (and
+  usually is) a function rather than a constant. This is ignored
+  if WIN32, where page size is determined using getSystemInfo during
+  initialization.
+
+USE_DEV_RANDOM             default: 0 (i.e., not used)
+  Causes malloc to use /dev/random to initialize secure magic seed for
+  stamping footers. Otherwise, the current time is used.
+
+NO_MALLINFO                default: 0
+  If defined, don't compile "mallinfo". This can be a simple way
+  of dealing with mismatches between system declarations and
+  those in this file.
+
+MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE        default: size_t
+  The type of the fields in the mallinfo struct. This was originally
+  defined as "int" in SVID etc, but is more usefully defined as
+  size_t. The value is used only if  HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H is not set
+
+REALLOC_ZERO_BYTES_FREES    default: not defined
+  This should be set if a call to realloc with zero bytes should
+  be the same as a call to free. Some people think it should. Otherwise,
+  since this malloc returns a unique pointer for malloc(0), so does
+  realloc(p, 0).
+
+LACKS_UNISTD_H, LACKS_FCNTL_H, LACKS_SYS_PARAM_H, LACKS_SYS_MMAN_H
+LACKS_STRINGS_H, LACKS_STRING_H, LACKS_SYS_TYPES_H,  LACKS_ERRNO_H
+LACKS_STDLIB_H                default: NOT defined unless on WIN32
+  Define these if your system does not have these header files.
+  You might need to manually insert some of the declarations they provide.
+
+DEFAULT_GRANULARITY        default: page size if MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS,
+				system_info.dwAllocationGranularity in WIN32,
+				otherwise 64K.
+      Also settable using mallopt(M_GRANULARITY, x)
+  The unit for allocating and deallocating memory from the system.  On
+  most systems with contiguous MORECORE, there is no reason to
+  make this more than a page. However, systems with MMAP tend to
+  either require or encourage larger granularities.  You can increase
+  this value to prevent system allocation functions to be called so
+  often, especially if they are slow.  The value must be at least one
+  page and must be a power of two.  Setting to 0 causes initialization
+  to either page size or win32 region size.  (Note: In previous
+  versions of malloc, the equivalent of this option was called
+  "TOP_PAD")
+
+DEFAULT_TRIM_THRESHOLD    default: 2MB
+      Also settable using mallopt(M_TRIM_THRESHOLD, x)
+  The maximum amount of unused top-most memory to keep before
+  releasing via malloc_trim in free().  Automatic trimming is mainly
+  useful in long-lived programs using contiguous MORECORE.  Because
+  trimming via sbrk can be slow on some systems, and can sometimes be
+  wasteful (in cases where programs immediately afterward allocate
+  more large chunks) the value should be high enough so that your
+  overall system performance would improve by releasing this much
+  memory.  As a rough guide, you might set to a value close to the
+  average size of a process (program) running on your system.
+  Releasing this much memory would allow such a process to run in
+  memory.  Generally, it is worth tuning trim thresholds when a
+  program undergoes phases where several large chunks are allocated
+  and released in ways that can reuse each other's storage, perhaps
+  mixed with phases where there are no such chunks at all. The trim
+  value must be greater than page size to have any useful effect.  To
+  disable trimming completely, you can set to MAX_SIZE_T. Note that the trick
+  some people use of mallocing a huge space and then freeing it at
+  program startup, in an attempt to reserve system memory, doesn't
+  have the intended effect under automatic trimming, since that memory
+  will immediately be returned to the system.
+
+DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD       default: 256K
+      Also settable using mallopt(M_MMAP_THRESHOLD, x)
+  The request size threshold for using MMAP to directly service a
+  request. Requests of at least this size that cannot be allocated
+  using already-existing space will be serviced via mmap.  (If enough
+  normal freed space already exists it is used instead.)  Using mmap
+  segregates relatively large chunks of memory so that they can be
+  individually obtained and released from the host system. A request
+  serviced through mmap is never reused by any other request (at least
+  not directly; the system may just so happen to remap successive
+  requests to the same locations).  Segregating space in this way has
+  the benefits that: Mmapped space can always be individually released
+  back to the system, which helps keep the system level memory demands
+  of a long-lived program low.  Also, mapped memory doesn't become
+  `locked' between other chunks, as can happen with normally allocated
+  chunks, which means that even trimming via malloc_trim would not
+  release them.  However, it has the disadvantage that the space
+  cannot be reclaimed, consolidated, and then used to service later
+  requests, as happens with normal chunks.  The advantages of mmap
+  nearly always outweigh disadvantages for "large" chunks, but the
+  value of "large" may vary across systems.  The default is an
+  empirically derived value that works well in most systems. You can
+  disable mmap by setting to MAX_SIZE_T.
+
+MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
+  The number of consolidated frees between checks to release
+  unused segments when freeing. When using non-contiguous segments,
+  especially with multiple mspaces, checking only for topmost space
+  doesn't always suffice to trigger trimming. To compensate for this,
+  free() will, with a period of MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE (or the
+  current number of segments, if greater) try to release unused
+  segments to the OS when freeing chunks that result in
+  consolidation. The best value for this parameter is a compromise
+  between slowing down frees with relatively costly checks that
+  rarely trigger versus holding on to unused memory. To effectively
+  disable, set to MAX_SIZE_T. This may lead to a very slight speed
+  improvement at the expense of carrying around more memory.
+*/
+
+/* Version identifier to allow people to support multiple versions */
+#ifndef DLMALLOC_VERSION
+#define DLMALLOC_VERSION 20804
+#endif /* DLMALLOC_VERSION */
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define WIN32 1
+#endif  /* _WIN32 */
+#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
+#define LACKS_FCNTL_H
+#define WIN32 1
+#endif /* _WIN32_WCE */
+#endif  /* WIN32 */
+#ifdef WIN32
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x403
+#include <windows.h>
+#define HAVE_MMAP 1
+#define HAVE_MORECORE 0
+#define LACKS_UNISTD_H
+#define LACKS_SYS_PARAM_H
+#define LACKS_SYS_MMAN_H
+#define LACKS_STRING_H
+#define LACKS_STRINGS_H
+#define LACKS_SYS_TYPES_H
+#define LACKS_ERRNO_H
+#ifndef MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION
+#define MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION
+#endif /* MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION */
+#ifdef _WIN32_WCE /* WINCE reportedly does not clear */
+#define MMAP_CLEARS 0
+#else
+#define MMAP_CLEARS 1
+#endif /* _WIN32_WCE */
+#endif  /* WIN32 */
+
+#if defined(DARWIN) || defined(_DARWIN)
+/* Mac OSX docs advise not to use sbrk; it seems better to use mmap */
+#ifndef HAVE_MORECORE
+#define HAVE_MORECORE 0
+#define HAVE_MMAP 1
+/* OSX allocators provide 16 byte alignment */
+#ifndef MALLOC_ALIGNMENT
+#define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT ((size_t)16U)
+#endif
+#endif  /* HAVE_MORECORE */
+#endif  /* DARWIN */
+
+#ifndef LACKS_SYS_TYPES_H
+#include <sys/types.h>  /* For size_t */
+#endif  /* LACKS_SYS_TYPES_H */
+
+/* The maximum possible size_t value has all bits set */
+#define MAX_SIZE_T           (~(size_t)0)
+
+#ifndef ONLY_MSPACES
+#define ONLY_MSPACES 0     /* define to a value */
+#else
+#define ONLY_MSPACES 1
+#endif  /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+#ifndef MSPACES
+#if ONLY_MSPACES
+#define MSPACES 1
+#else   /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+#define MSPACES 0
+#endif  /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+#endif  /* MSPACES */
+#ifndef MALLOC_ALIGNMENT
+#define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT ((size_t)8U)
+#endif  /* MALLOC_ALIGNMENT */
+#ifndef FOOTERS
+#define FOOTERS 0
+#endif  /* FOOTERS */
+#ifndef ABORT
+#define ABORT  abort()
+#endif  /* ABORT */
+#ifndef ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE
+#define ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE 1
+#endif  /* ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE */
+#ifndef PROCEED_ON_ERROR
+#define PROCEED_ON_ERROR 0
+#endif  /* PROCEED_ON_ERROR */
+#ifndef USE_LOCKS
+#define USE_LOCKS 0
+#endif  /* USE_LOCKS */
+#ifndef USE_SPIN_LOCKS
+#if USE_LOCKS && (defined(__GNUC__) && ((defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)))) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310)
+#define USE_SPIN_LOCKS 1
+#else
+#define USE_SPIN_LOCKS 0
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS && ... */
+#endif /* USE_SPIN_LOCKS */
+#ifndef INSECURE
+#define INSECURE 0
+#endif  /* INSECURE */
+#ifndef HAVE_MMAP
+#define HAVE_MMAP 1
+#endif  /* HAVE_MMAP */
+#ifndef MMAP_CLEARS
+#define MMAP_CLEARS 1
+#endif  /* MMAP_CLEARS */
+#ifndef HAVE_MREMAP
+#ifdef linux
+#define HAVE_MREMAP 1
+#else   /* linux */
+#define HAVE_MREMAP 0
+#endif  /* linux */
+#endif  /* HAVE_MREMAP */
+#ifndef MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION
+#define MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION  errno = ENOMEM;
+#endif  /* MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION */
+#ifndef HAVE_MORECORE
+#if ONLY_MSPACES
+#define HAVE_MORECORE 0
+#else   /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+#define HAVE_MORECORE 1
+#endif  /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+#endif  /* HAVE_MORECORE */
+#if !HAVE_MORECORE
+#define MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS 0
+#else   /* !HAVE_MORECORE */
+#define MORECORE_DEFAULT sbrk
+#ifndef MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS
+#define MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS 1
+#endif  /* MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS */
+#endif  /* HAVE_MORECORE */
+#ifndef DEFAULT_GRANULARITY
+#if (MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS || defined(WIN32))
+#define DEFAULT_GRANULARITY (0)  /* 0 means to compute in init_mparams */
+#else   /* MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS */
+#define DEFAULT_GRANULARITY ((size_t)64U * (size_t)1024U)
+#endif  /* MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS */
+#endif  /* DEFAULT_GRANULARITY */
+#ifndef DEFAULT_TRIM_THRESHOLD
+#ifndef MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM
+#define DEFAULT_TRIM_THRESHOLD ((size_t)2U * (size_t)1024U * (size_t)1024U)
+#else   /* MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM */
+#define DEFAULT_TRIM_THRESHOLD MAX_SIZE_T
+#endif  /* MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM */
+#endif  /* DEFAULT_TRIM_THRESHOLD */
+#ifndef DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD
+#if HAVE_MMAP
+#define DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD ((size_t)256U * (size_t)1024U)
+#else   /* HAVE_MMAP */
+#define DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD MAX_SIZE_T
+#endif  /* HAVE_MMAP */
+#endif  /* DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD */
+#ifndef MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE
+#if HAVE_MMAP
+#define MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE 4095
+#else
+#define MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE MAX_SIZE_T
+#endif /* HAVE_MMAP */
+#endif /* MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE */
+#ifndef USE_BUILTIN_FFS
+#define USE_BUILTIN_FFS 0
+#endif  /* USE_BUILTIN_FFS */
+#ifndef USE_DEV_RANDOM
+#define USE_DEV_RANDOM 0
+#endif  /* USE_DEV_RANDOM */
+#ifndef NO_MALLINFO
+#define NO_MALLINFO 0
+#endif  /* NO_MALLINFO */
+#ifndef MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE
+#define MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE size_t
+#endif  /* MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE */
+#ifndef NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL
+#define NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL 0
+#endif /* NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL */
+
+/*
+  mallopt tuning options.  SVID/XPG defines four standard parameter
+  numbers for mallopt, normally defined in malloc.h.  None of these
+  are used in this malloc, so setting them has no effect. But this
+  malloc does support the following options.
+*/
+
+#define M_TRIM_THRESHOLD     (-1)
+#define M_GRANULARITY        (-2)
+#define M_MMAP_THRESHOLD     (-3)
+
+/* ------------------------ Mallinfo declarations ------------------------ */
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+/*
+  This version of malloc supports the standard SVID/XPG mallinfo
+  routine that returns a struct containing usage properties and
+  statistics. It should work on any system that has a
+  /usr/include/malloc.h defining struct mallinfo.  The main
+  declaration needed is the mallinfo struct that is returned (by-copy)
+  by mallinfo().  The malloinfo struct contains a bunch of fields that
+  are not even meaningful in this version of malloc.  These fields are
+  are instead filled by mallinfo() with other numbers that might be of
+  interest.
+
+  HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H should be set if you have a
+  /usr/include/malloc.h file that includes a declaration of struct
+  mallinfo.  If so, it is included; else a compliant version is
+  declared below.  These must be precisely the same for mallinfo() to
+  work.  The original SVID version of this struct, defined on most
+  systems with mallinfo, declares all fields as ints. But some others
+  define as unsigned long. If your system defines the fields using a
+  type of different width than listed here, you MUST #include your
+  system version and #define HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H.
+*/
+
+/* #define HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H
+#include "/usr/include/malloc.h"
+#else /* HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H */
+#ifndef STRUCT_MALLINFO_DECLARED
+#define STRUCT_MALLINFO_DECLARED 1
+struct mallinfo {
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE arena;    /* non-mmapped space allocated from system */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE ordblks;  /* number of free chunks */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE smblks;   /* always 0 */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE hblks;    /* always 0 */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE hblkhd;   /* space in mmapped regions */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE usmblks;  /* maximum total allocated space */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE fsmblks;  /* always 0 */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE uordblks; /* total allocated space */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE fordblks; /* total free space */
+  MALLINFO_FIELD_TYPE keepcost; /* releasable (via malloc_trim) space */
+};
+#endif /* STRUCT_MALLINFO_DECLARED */
+#endif /* HAVE_USR_INCLUDE_MALLOC_H */
+#endif /* NO_MALLINFO */
+
+/*
+  Try to persuade compilers to inline. The most critical functions for
+  inlining are defined as macros, so these aren't used for them.
+*/
+
+#ifndef FORCEINLINE
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define FORCEINLINE __inline __attribute__ ((always_inline))
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define FORCEINLINE __forceinline
+  #endif
+#endif
+#ifndef NOINLINE
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+    #define NOINLINE __attribute__ ((noinline))
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+  #else
+    #define NOINLINE
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#ifndef FORCEINLINE
+ #define FORCEINLINE inline
+#endif
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#ifndef FORCEINLINE
+ #define FORCEINLINE
+#endif
+
+#if !ONLY_MSPACES
+
+/* ------------------- Declarations of public routines ------------------- */
+
+#ifndef USE_DL_PREFIX
+#define dlcalloc               calloc
+#define dlfree                 free
+#define dlmalloc               malloc
+#define dlmemalign             memalign
+#define dlrealloc              realloc
+#define dlvalloc               valloc
+#define dlpvalloc              pvalloc
+#define dlmallinfo             mallinfo
+#define dlmallopt              mallopt
+#define dlmalloc_trim          malloc_trim
+#define dlmalloc_stats         malloc_stats
+#define dlmalloc_usable_size   malloc_usable_size
+#define dlmalloc_footprint     malloc_footprint
+#define dlmalloc_max_footprint malloc_max_footprint
+#define dlindependent_calloc   independent_calloc
+#define dlindependent_comalloc independent_comalloc
+#endif /* USE_DL_PREFIX */
+
+
+/*
+  malloc(size_t n)
+  Returns a pointer to a newly allocated chunk of at least n bytes, or
+  null if no space is available, in which case errno is set to ENOMEM
+  on ANSI C systems.
+
+  If n is zero, malloc returns a minimum-sized chunk. (The minimum
+  size is 16 bytes on most 32bit systems, and 32 bytes on 64bit
+  systems.)  Note that size_t is an unsigned type, so calls with
+  arguments that would be negative if signed are interpreted as
+  requests for huge amounts of space, which will often fail. The
+  maximum supported value of n differs across systems, but is in all
+  cases less than the maximum representable value of a size_t.
+*/
+void* dlmalloc(size_t);
+
+/*
+  free(void* p)
+  Releases the chunk of memory pointed to by p, that had been previously
+  allocated using malloc or a related routine such as realloc.
+  It has no effect if p is null. If p was not malloced or already
+  freed, free(p) will by default cause the current program to abort.
+*/
+void  dlfree(void*);
+
+/*
+  calloc(size_t n_elements, size_t element_size);
+  Returns a pointer to n_elements * element_size bytes, with all locations
+  set to zero.
+*/
+void* dlcalloc(size_t, size_t);
+
+/*
+  realloc(void* p, size_t n)
+  Returns a pointer to a chunk of size n that contains the same data
+  as does chunk p up to the minimum of (n, p's size) bytes, or null
+  if no space is available.
+
+  The returned pointer may or may not be the same as p. The algorithm
+  prefers extending p in most cases when possible, otherwise it
+  employs the equivalent of a malloc-copy-free sequence.
+
+  If p is null, realloc is equivalent to malloc.
+
+  If space is not available, realloc returns null, errno is set (if on
+  ANSI) and p is NOT freed.
+
+  if n is for fewer bytes than already held by p, the newly unused
+  space is lopped off and freed if possible.  realloc with a size
+  argument of zero (re)allocates a minimum-sized chunk.
+
+  The old unix realloc convention of allowing the last-free'd chunk
+  to be used as an argument to realloc is not supported.
+*/
+
+void* dlrealloc(void*, size_t);
+
+/*
+  memalign(size_t alignment, size_t n);
+  Returns a pointer to a newly allocated chunk of n bytes, aligned
+  in accord with the alignment argument.
+
+  The alignment argument should be a power of two. If the argument is
+  not a power of two, the nearest greater power is used.
+  8-byte alignment is guaranteed by normal malloc calls, so don't
+  bother calling memalign with an argument of 8 or less.
+
+  Overreliance on memalign is a sure way to fragment space.
+*/
+void* dlmemalign(size_t, size_t);
+
+/*
+  valloc(size_t n);
+  Equivalent to memalign(pagesize, n), where pagesize is the page
+  size of the system. If the pagesize is unknown, 4096 is used.
+*/
+void* dlvalloc(size_t);
+
+/*
+  mallopt(int parameter_number, int parameter_value)
+  Sets tunable parameters The format is to provide a
+  (parameter-number, parameter-value) pair.  mallopt then sets the
+  corresponding parameter to the argument value if it can (i.e., so
+  long as the value is meaningful), and returns 1 if successful else
+  0.  To workaround the fact that mallopt is specified to use int,
+  not size_t parameters, the value -1 is specially treated as the
+  maximum unsigned size_t value.
+
+  SVID/XPG/ANSI defines four standard param numbers for mallopt,
+  normally defined in malloc.h.  None of these are use in this malloc,
+  so setting them has no effect. But this malloc also supports other
+  options in mallopt. See below for details.  Briefly, supported
+  parameters are as follows (listed defaults are for "typical"
+  configurations).
+
+  Symbol            param #  default    allowed param values
+  M_TRIM_THRESHOLD     -1   2*1024*1024   any   (-1 disables)
+  M_GRANULARITY        -2     page size   any power of 2 >= page size
+  M_MMAP_THRESHOLD     -3      256*1024   any   (or 0 if no MMAP support)
+*/
+int dlmallopt(int, int);
+
+/*
+  malloc_footprint();
+  Returns the number of bytes obtained from the system.  The total
+  number of bytes allocated by malloc, realloc etc., is less than this
+  value. Unlike mallinfo, this function returns only a precomputed
+  result, so can be called frequently to monitor memory consumption.
+  Even if locks are otherwise defined, this function does not use them,
+  so results might not be up to date.
+*/
+size_t dlmalloc_footprint(void);
+
+/*
+  malloc_max_footprint();
+  Returns the maximum number of bytes obtained from the system. This
+  value will be greater than current footprint if deallocated space
+  has been reclaimed by the system. The peak number of bytes allocated
+  by malloc, realloc etc., is less than this value. Unlike mallinfo,
+  this function returns only a precomputed result, so can be called
+  frequently to monitor memory consumption.  Even if locks are
+  otherwise defined, this function does not use them, so results might
+  not be up to date.
+*/
+size_t dlmalloc_max_footprint(void);
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+/*
+  mallinfo()
+  Returns (by copy) a struct containing various summary statistics:
+
+  arena:     current total non-mmapped bytes allocated from system
+  ordblks:   the number of free chunks
+  smblks:    always zero.
+  hblks:     current number of mmapped regions
+  hblkhd:    total bytes held in mmapped regions
+  usmblks:   the maximum total allocated space. This will be greater
+		than current total if trimming has occurred.
+  fsmblks:   always zero
+  uordblks:  current total allocated space (normal or mmapped)
+  fordblks:  total free space
+  keepcost:  the maximum number of bytes that could ideally be released
+	       back to system via malloc_trim. ("ideally" means that
+	       it ignores page restrictions etc.)
+
+  Because these fields are ints, but internal bookkeeping may
+  be kept as longs, the reported values may wrap around zero and
+  thus be inaccurate.
+*/
+struct mallinfo dlmallinfo(void);
+#endif /* NO_MALLINFO */
+
+/*
+  independent_calloc(size_t n_elements, size_t element_size, void* chunks[]);
+
+  independent_calloc is similar to calloc, but instead of returning a
+  single cleared space, it returns an array of pointers to n_elements
+  independent elements that can hold contents of size elem_size, each
+  of which starts out cleared, and can be independently freed,
+  realloc'ed etc. The elements are guaranteed to be adjacently
+  allocated (this is not guaranteed to occur with multiple callocs or
+  mallocs), which may also improve cache locality in some
+  applications.
+
+  The "chunks" argument is optional (i.e., may be null, which is
+  probably the most typical usage). If it is null, the returned array
+  is itself dynamically allocated and should also be freed when it is
+  no longer needed. Otherwise, the chunks array must be of at least
+  n_elements in length. It is filled in with the pointers to the
+  chunks.
+
+  In either case, independent_calloc returns this pointer array, or
+  null if the allocation failed.  If n_elements is zero and "chunks"
+  is null, it returns a chunk representing an array with zero elements
+  (which should be freed if not wanted).
+
+  Each element must be individually freed when it is no longer
+  needed. If you'd like to instead be able to free all at once, you
+  should instead use regular calloc and assign pointers into this
+  space to represent elements.  (In this case though, you cannot
+  independently free elements.)
+
+  independent_calloc simplifies and speeds up implementations of many
+  kinds of pools.  It may also be useful when constructing large data
+  structures that initially have a fixed number of fixed-sized nodes,
+  but the number is not known at compile time, and some of the nodes
+  may later need to be freed. For example:
+
+  struct Node { int item; struct Node* next; };
+
+  struct Node* build_list() {
+    struct Node** pool;
+    int n = read_number_of_nodes_needed();
+    if (n <= 0) return 0;
+    pool = (struct Node**)(independent_calloc(n, sizeof(struct Node), 0);
+    if (pool == 0) die();
+    // organize into a linked list...
+    struct Node* first = pool[0];
+    for (i = 0; i < n-1; ++i)
+      pool[i]->next = pool[i+1];
+    free(pool);     // Can now free the array (or not, if it is needed later)
+    return first;
+  }
+*/
+void** dlindependent_calloc(size_t, size_t, void**);
+
+/*
+  independent_comalloc(size_t n_elements, size_t sizes[], void* chunks[]);
+
+  independent_comalloc allocates, all at once, a set of n_elements
+  chunks with sizes indicated in the "sizes" array.    It returns
+  an array of pointers to these elements, each of which can be
+  independently freed, realloc'ed etc. The elements are guaranteed to
+  be adjacently allocated (this is not guaranteed to occur with
+  multiple callocs or mallocs), which may also improve cache locality
+  in some applications.
+
+  The "chunks" argument is optional (i.e., may be null). If it is null
+  the returned array is itself dynamically allocated and should also
+  be freed when it is no longer needed. Otherwise, the chunks array
+  must be of at least n_elements in length. It is filled in with the
+  pointers to the chunks.
+
+  In either case, independent_comalloc returns this pointer array, or
+  null if the allocation failed.  If n_elements is zero and chunks is
+  null, it returns a chunk representing an array with zero elements
+  (which should be freed if not wanted).
+
+  Each element must be individually freed when it is no longer
+  needed. If you'd like to instead be able to free all at once, you
+  should instead use a single regular malloc, and assign pointers at
+  particular offsets in the aggregate space. (In this case though, you
+  cannot independently free elements.)
+
+  independent_comallac differs from independent_calloc in that each
+  element may have a different size, and also that it does not
+  automatically clear elements.
+
+  independent_comalloc can be used to speed up allocation in cases
+  where several structs or objects must always be allocated at the
+  same time.  For example:
+
+  struct Head { ... }
+  struct Foot { ... }
+
+  void send_message(char* msg) {
+    int msglen = strlen(msg);
+    size_t sizes[3] = { sizeof(struct Head), msglen, sizeof(struct Foot) };
+    void* chunks[3];
+    if (independent_comalloc(3, sizes, chunks) == 0)
+      die();
+    struct Head* head = (struct Head*)(chunks[0]);
+    char*        body = (char*)(chunks[1]);
+    struct Foot* foot = (struct Foot*)(chunks[2]);
+    // ...
+  }
+
+  In general though, independent_comalloc is worth using only for
+  larger values of n_elements. For small values, you probably won't
+  detect enough difference from series of malloc calls to bother.
+
+  Overuse of independent_comalloc can increase overall memory usage,
+  since it cannot reuse existing noncontiguous small chunks that
+  might be available for some of the elements.
+*/
+void** dlindependent_comalloc(size_t, size_t*, void**);
+
+
+/*
+  pvalloc(size_t n);
+  Equivalent to valloc(minimum-page-that-holds(n)), that is,
+  round up n to nearest pagesize.
+ */
+void*  dlpvalloc(size_t);
+
+/*
+  malloc_trim(size_t pad);
+
+  If possible, gives memory back to the system (via negative arguments
+  to sbrk) if there is unused memory at the `high' end of the malloc
+  pool or in unused MMAP segments. You can call this after freeing
+  large blocks of memory to potentially reduce the system-level memory
+  requirements of a program. However, it cannot guarantee to reduce
+  memory. Under some allocation patterns, some large free blocks of
+  memory will be locked between two used chunks, so they cannot be
+  given back to the system.
+
+  The `pad' argument to malloc_trim represents the amount of free
+  trailing space to leave untrimmed. If this argument is zero, only
+  the minimum amount of memory to maintain internal data structures
+  will be left. Non-zero arguments can be supplied to maintain enough
+  trailing space to service future expected allocations without having
+  to re-obtain memory from the system.
+
+  Malloc_trim returns 1 if it actually released any memory, else 0.
+*/
+int  dlmalloc_trim(size_t);
+
+/*
+  malloc_stats();
+  Prints on stderr the amount of space obtained from the system (both
+  via sbrk and mmap), the maximum amount (which may be more than
+  current if malloc_trim and/or munmap got called), and the current
+  number of bytes allocated via malloc (or realloc, etc) but not yet
+  freed. Note that this is the number of bytes allocated, not the
+  number requested. It will be larger than the number requested
+  because of alignment and bookkeeping overhead. Because it includes
+  alignment wastage as being in use, this figure may be greater than
+  zero even when no user-level chunks are allocated.
+
+  The reported current and maximum system memory can be inaccurate if
+  a program makes other calls to system memory allocation functions
+  (normally sbrk) outside of malloc.
+
+  malloc_stats prints only the most commonly interesting statistics.
+  More information can be obtained by calling mallinfo.
+*/
+void  dlmalloc_stats(void);
+
+#endif /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+
+/*
+  malloc_usable_size(void* p);
+
+  Returns the number of bytes you can actually use in
+  an allocated chunk, which may be more than you requested (although
+  often not) due to alignment and minimum size constraints.
+  You can use this many bytes without worrying about
+  overwriting other allocated objects. This is not a particularly great
+  programming practice. malloc_usable_size can be more useful in
+  debugging and assertions, for example:
+
+  p = malloc(n);
+  assert(malloc_usable_size(p) >= 256);
+*/
+size_t dlmalloc_usable_size(void*);
+
+
+#if MSPACES
+
+/*
+  mspace is an opaque type representing an independent
+  region of space that supports mspace_malloc, etc.
+*/
+typedef void* mspace;
+
+/*
+  create_mspace creates and returns a new independent space with the
+  given initial capacity, or, if 0, the default granularity size.  It
+  returns null if there is no system memory available to create the
+  space.  If argument locked is non-zero, the space uses a separate
+  lock to control access. The capacity of the space will grow
+  dynamically as needed to service mspace_malloc requests.  You can
+  control the sizes of incremental increases of this space by
+  compiling with a different DEFAULT_GRANULARITY or dynamically
+  setting with mallopt(M_GRANULARITY, value).
+*/
+mspace create_mspace(size_t capacity, int locked);
+
+/*
+  destroy_mspace destroys the given space, and attempts to return all
+  of its memory back to the system, returning the total number of
+  bytes freed. After destruction, the results of access to all memory
+  used by the space become undefined.
+*/
+size_t destroy_mspace(mspace msp);
+
+/*
+  create_mspace_with_base uses the memory supplied as the initial base
+  of a new mspace. Part (less than 128*sizeof(size_t) bytes) of this
+  space is used for bookkeeping, so the capacity must be at least this
+  large. (Otherwise 0 is returned.) When this initial space is
+  exhausted, additional memory will be obtained from the system.
+  Destroying this space will deallocate all additionally allocated
+  space (if possible) but not the initial base.
+*/
+mspace create_mspace_with_base(void* base, size_t capacity, int locked);
+
+/*
+  mspace_mmap_large_chunks controls whether requests for large chunks
+  are allocated in their own mmapped regions, separate from others in
+  this mspace. By default this is enabled, which reduces
+  fragmentation. However, such chunks are not necessarily released to
+  the system upon destroy_mspace.  Disabling by setting to false may
+  increase fragmentation, but avoids leakage when relying on
+  destroy_mspace to release all memory allocated using this space.
+*/
+int mspace_mmap_large_chunks(mspace msp, int enable);
+
+
+/*
+  mspace_malloc behaves as malloc, but operates within
+  the given space.
+*/
+void* mspace_malloc(mspace msp, size_t bytes);
+
+/*
+  mspace_free behaves as free, but operates within
+  the given space.
+
+  If compiled with FOOTERS==1, mspace_free is not actually needed.
+  free may be called instead of mspace_free because freed chunks from
+  any space are handled by their originating spaces.
+*/
+void mspace_free(mspace msp, void* mem);
+
+/*
+  mspace_realloc behaves as realloc, but operates within
+  the given space.
+
+  If compiled with FOOTERS==1, mspace_realloc is not actually
+  needed.  realloc may be called instead of mspace_realloc because
+  realloced chunks from any space are handled by their originating
+  spaces.
+*/
+void* mspace_realloc(mspace msp, void* mem, size_t newsize);
+
+/*
+  mspace_calloc behaves as calloc, but operates within
+  the given space.
+*/
+void* mspace_calloc(mspace msp, size_t n_elements, size_t elem_size);
+
+/*
+  mspace_memalign behaves as memalign, but operates within
+  the given space.
+*/
+void* mspace_memalign(mspace msp, size_t alignment, size_t bytes);
+
+/*
+  mspace_independent_calloc behaves as independent_calloc, but
+  operates within the given space.
+*/
+void** mspace_independent_calloc(mspace msp, size_t n_elements,
+				 size_t elem_size, void* chunks[]);
+
+/*
+  mspace_independent_comalloc behaves as independent_comalloc, but
+  operates within the given space.
+*/
+void** mspace_independent_comalloc(mspace msp, size_t n_elements,
+				   size_t sizes[], void* chunks[]);
+
+/*
+  mspace_footprint() returns the number of bytes obtained from the
+  system for this space.
+*/
+size_t mspace_footprint(mspace msp);
+
+/*
+  mspace_max_footprint() returns the peak number of bytes obtained from the
+  system for this space.
+*/
+size_t mspace_max_footprint(mspace msp);
+
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+/*
+  mspace_mallinfo behaves as mallinfo, but reports properties of
+  the given space.
+*/
+struct mallinfo mspace_mallinfo(mspace msp);
+#endif /* NO_MALLINFO */
+
+/*
+  malloc_usable_size(void* p) behaves the same as malloc_usable_size;
+*/
+  size_t mspace_usable_size(void* mem);
+
+/*
+  mspace_malloc_stats behaves as malloc_stats, but reports
+  properties of the given space.
+*/
+void mspace_malloc_stats(mspace msp);
+
+/*
+  mspace_trim behaves as malloc_trim, but
+  operates within the given space.
+*/
+int mspace_trim(mspace msp, size_t pad);
+
+/*
+  An alias for mallopt.
+*/
+int mspace_mallopt(int, int);
+
+#endif /* MSPACES */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+};  /* end of extern "C" */
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+/*
+  ========================================================================
+  To make a fully customizable malloc.h header file, cut everything
+  above this line, put into file malloc.h, edit to suit, and #include it
+  on the next line, as well as in programs that use this malloc.
+  ========================================================================
+*/
+
+/* #include "malloc.h" */
+
+/*------------------------------ internal #includes ---------------------- */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+#pragma warning( disable : 4146 ) /* no "unsigned" warnings */
+#endif
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+
+#include <stdio.h>       /* for printing in malloc_stats */
+
+#ifndef LACKS_ERRNO_H
+#include <errno.h>       /* for MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION */
+#endif /* LACKS_ERRNO_H */
+#if FOOTERS
+#include <time.h>        /* for magic initialization */
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+#ifndef LACKS_STDLIB_H
+#include <stdlib.h>      /* for abort() */
+#endif /* LACKS_STDLIB_H */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#if ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE
+#define assert(x) if(!(x)) ABORT
+#else /* ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE */
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif /* ABORT_ON_ASSERT_FAILURE */
+#else  /* DEBUG */
+#ifndef assert
+#define assert(x)
+#endif
+#define DEBUG 0
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+#ifndef LACKS_STRING_H
+#include <string.h>      /* for memset etc */
+#endif  /* LACKS_STRING_H */
+#if USE_BUILTIN_FFS
+#ifndef LACKS_STRINGS_H
+#include <strings.h>     /* for ffs */
+#endif /* LACKS_STRINGS_H */
+#endif /* USE_BUILTIN_FFS */
+#if HAVE_MMAP
+#ifndef LACKS_SYS_MMAN_H
+#include <sys/mman.h>    /* for mmap */
+#endif /* LACKS_SYS_MMAN_H */
+#ifndef LACKS_FCNTL_H
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#endif /* LACKS_FCNTL_H */
+#endif /* HAVE_MMAP */
+#ifndef LACKS_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h>     /* for sbrk, sysconf */
+#else /* LACKS_UNISTD_H */
+#if !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__NetBSD__)
+extern void*     sbrk(ptrdiff_t);
+#endif /* FreeBSD etc */
+#endif /* LACKS_UNISTD_H */
+
+/* Declarations for locking */
+#if USE_LOCKS
+#ifndef WIN32
+#include <pthread.h>
+#if defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)  /* solaris */
+#include <thread.h>
+#endif /* solaris */
+#else
+#ifndef _M_AMD64
+/* These are already defined on AMD64 builds */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+LONG __cdecl _InterlockedCompareExchange(LONG volatile *Dest, LONG Exchange, LONG Comp);
+LONG __cdecl _InterlockedExchange(LONG volatile *Target, LONG Value);
+#endif
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* _M_AMD64 */
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+#pragma intrinsic (_InterlockedCompareExchange)
+#pragma intrinsic (_InterlockedExchange)
+#else
+  /* --[ start GCC compatibility ]----------------------------------------------
+   * Compatibility <intrin_x86.h> header for GCC -- GCC equivalents of intrinsic
+   * Microsoft Visual C++ functions. Originally developed for the ReactOS
+   * (<http://www.reactos.org/>) and TinyKrnl (<http://www.tinykrnl.org/>)
+   * projects.
+   *
+   * Copyright (c) 2006 KJK::Hyperion <hackbunny@reactos.com>
+   *
+   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+   * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+   * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+   * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+   * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+   * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+   *
+   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+   * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+   *
+   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+   * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+   * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+   * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+   * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+   * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+   */
+
+  /*** Atomic operations ***/
+  #if (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) > 40100
+    #define _ReadWriteBarrier() __sync_synchronize()
+  #else
+    static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) long __sync_lock_test_and_set(volatile long * const Target, const long Value)
+    {
+      long res;
+      __asm__ __volatile__("xchg%z0 %2, %0" : "=g" (*(Target)), "=r" (res) : "1" (Value));
+      return res;
+    }
+    static void __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) _MemoryBarrier(void)
+    {
+      __asm__ __volatile__("" : : : "memory");
+    }
+    #define _ReadWriteBarrier() _MemoryBarrier()
+  #endif
+  /* BUGBUG: GCC only supports full barriers */
+  static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) long _InterlockedExchange(volatile long * const Target, const long Value)
+  {
+    /* NOTE: __sync_lock_test_and_set would be an acquire barrier, so we force a full barrier */
+    _ReadWriteBarrier();
+    return __sync_lock_test_and_set(Target, Value);
+  }
+  /* --[ end GCC compatibility ]---------------------------------------------- */
+#endif
+#define interlockedcompareexchange _InterlockedCompareExchange
+#define interlockedexchange _InterlockedExchange
+#endif /* Win32 */
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS */
+
+/* Declarations for bit scanning on win32 */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300
+#ifndef BitScanForward	/* Try to avoid pulling in WinNT.h */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+unsigned char _BitScanForward(unsigned long *index, unsigned long mask);
+unsigned char _BitScanReverse(unsigned long *index, unsigned long mask);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+#define BitScanForward _BitScanForward
+#define BitScanReverse _BitScanReverse
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
+#endif /* BitScanForward */
+#endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300 */
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef malloc_getpagesize
+#  ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE         /* some SVR4 systems omit an underscore */
+#    ifndef _SC_PAGE_SIZE
+#      define _SC_PAGE_SIZE _SC_PAGESIZE
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#  ifdef _SC_PAGE_SIZE
+#    define malloc_getpagesize sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
+#  else
+#    if defined(BSD) || defined(DGUX) || defined(HAVE_GETPAGESIZE)
+       extern size_t getpagesize();
+#      define malloc_getpagesize getpagesize()
+#    else
+#      ifdef WIN32 /* use supplied emulation of getpagesize */
+#        define malloc_getpagesize getpagesize()
+#      else
+#        ifndef LACKS_SYS_PARAM_H
+#          include <sys/param.h>
+#        endif
+#        ifdef EXEC_PAGESIZE
+#          define malloc_getpagesize EXEC_PAGESIZE
+#        else
+#          ifdef NBPG
+#            ifndef CLSIZE
+#              define malloc_getpagesize NBPG
+#            else
+#              define malloc_getpagesize (NBPG * CLSIZE)
+#            endif
+#          else
+#            ifdef NBPC
+#              define malloc_getpagesize NBPC
+#            else
+#              ifdef PAGESIZE
+#                define malloc_getpagesize PAGESIZE
+#              else /* just guess */
+#                define malloc_getpagesize ((size_t)4096U)
+#              endif
+#            endif
+#          endif
+#        endif
+#      endif
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* ------------------- size_t and alignment properties -------------------- */
+
+/* The byte and bit size of a size_t */
+#define SIZE_T_SIZE         (sizeof(size_t))
+#define SIZE_T_BITSIZE      (sizeof(size_t) << 3)
+
+/* Some constants coerced to size_t */
+/* Annoying but necessary to avoid errors on some platforms */
+#define SIZE_T_ZERO         ((size_t)0)
+#define SIZE_T_ONE          ((size_t)1)
+#define SIZE_T_TWO          ((size_t)2)
+#define SIZE_T_FOUR         ((size_t)4)
+#define TWO_SIZE_T_SIZES    (SIZE_T_SIZE<<1)
+#define FOUR_SIZE_T_SIZES   (SIZE_T_SIZE<<2)
+#define SIX_SIZE_T_SIZES    (FOUR_SIZE_T_SIZES+TWO_SIZE_T_SIZES)
+#define HALF_MAX_SIZE_T     (MAX_SIZE_T / 2U)
+
+/* The bit mask value corresponding to MALLOC_ALIGNMENT */
+#define CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK    (MALLOC_ALIGNMENT - SIZE_T_ONE)
+
+/* True if address a has acceptable alignment */
+#define is_aligned(A)       (((size_t)((A)) & (CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK)) == 0)
+
+/* the number of bytes to offset an address to align it */
+#define align_offset(A)\
+ ((((size_t)(A) & CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK) == 0)? 0 :\
+  ((MALLOC_ALIGNMENT - ((size_t)(A) & CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK)) & CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK))
+
+/* -------------------------- MMAP preliminaries ------------------------- */
+
+/*
+   If HAVE_MORECORE or HAVE_MMAP are false, we just define calls and
+   checks to fail so compiler optimizer can delete code rather than
+   using so many "#if"s.
+*/
+
+
+/* MORECORE and MMAP must return MFAIL on failure */
+#define MFAIL                ((void*)(MAX_SIZE_T))
+#define CMFAIL               ((char*)(MFAIL)) /* defined for convenience */
+
+#if HAVE_MMAP
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+#define MUNMAP_DEFAULT(a, s)  munmap((a), (s))
+#define MMAP_PROT            (PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)
+#if !defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS) && defined(MAP_ANON)
+#define MAP_ANONYMOUS        MAP_ANON
+#endif /* MAP_ANON */
+#ifdef MAP_ANONYMOUS
+#define MMAP_FLAGS           (MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS)
+#define MMAP_DEFAULT(s)       mmap(0, (s), MMAP_PROT, MMAP_FLAGS, -1, 0)
+#else /* MAP_ANONYMOUS */
+/*
+   Nearly all versions of mmap support MAP_ANONYMOUS, so the following
+   is unlikely to be needed, but is supplied just in case.
+*/
+#define MMAP_FLAGS           (MAP_PRIVATE)
+static int dev_zero_fd = -1; /* Cached file descriptor for /dev/zero. */
+#define MMAP_DEFAULT(s) ((dev_zero_fd < 0) ? \
+	   (dev_zero_fd = open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR), \
+	    mmap(0, (s), MMAP_PROT, MMAP_FLAGS, dev_zero_fd, 0)) : \
+	    mmap(0, (s), MMAP_PROT, MMAP_FLAGS, dev_zero_fd, 0))
+#endif /* MAP_ANONYMOUS */
+
+#define DIRECT_MMAP_DEFAULT(s) MMAP_DEFAULT(s)
+
+#else /* WIN32 */
+
+/* Win32 MMAP via VirtualAlloc */
+static FORCEINLINE void* win32mmap(size_t size) {
+  void* ptr = VirtualAlloc(0, size, MEM_RESERVE|MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
+  return (ptr != 0)? ptr: MFAIL;
+}
+
+/* For direct MMAP, use MEM_TOP_DOWN to minimize interference */
+static FORCEINLINE void* win32direct_mmap(size_t size) {
+  void* ptr = VirtualAlloc(0, size, MEM_RESERVE|MEM_COMMIT|MEM_TOP_DOWN,
+			   PAGE_READWRITE);
+  return (ptr != 0)? ptr: MFAIL;
+}
+
+/* This function supports releasing coalesed segments */
+static FORCEINLINE int win32munmap(void* ptr, size_t size) {
+  MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION minfo;
+  char* cptr = (char*)ptr;
+  while (size) {
+    if (VirtualQuery(cptr, &minfo, sizeof(minfo)) == 0)
+      return -1;
+    if (minfo.BaseAddress != cptr || minfo.AllocationBase != cptr ||
+	minfo.State != MEM_COMMIT || minfo.RegionSize > size)
+      return -1;
+    if (VirtualFree(cptr, 0, MEM_RELEASE) == 0)
+      return -1;
+    cptr += minfo.RegionSize;
+    size -= minfo.RegionSize;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define MMAP_DEFAULT(s)             win32mmap(s)
+#define MUNMAP_DEFAULT(a, s)        win32munmap((a), (s))
+#define DIRECT_MMAP_DEFAULT(s)      win32direct_mmap(s)
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+#endif /* HAVE_MMAP */
+
+#if HAVE_MREMAP
+#ifndef WIN32
+#define MREMAP_DEFAULT(addr, osz, nsz, mv) mremap((addr), (osz), (nsz), (mv))
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+#endif /* HAVE_MREMAP */
+
+
+/**
+ * Define CALL_MORECORE
+ */
+#if HAVE_MORECORE
+    #ifdef MORECORE
+	#define CALL_MORECORE(S)    MORECORE(S)
+    #else  /* MORECORE */
+	#define CALL_MORECORE(S)    MORECORE_DEFAULT(S)
+    #endif /* MORECORE */
+#else  /* HAVE_MORECORE */
+    #define CALL_MORECORE(S)        MFAIL
+#endif /* HAVE_MORECORE */
+
+/**
+ * Define CALL_MMAP/CALL_MUNMAP/CALL_DIRECT_MMAP
+ */
+#if HAVE_MMAP
+    #define IS_MMAPPED_BIT          (SIZE_T_ONE)
+    #define USE_MMAP_BIT            (SIZE_T_ONE)
+
+    #ifdef MMAP
+	#define CALL_MMAP(s)        MMAP(s)
+    #else /* MMAP */
+	#define CALL_MMAP(s)        MMAP_DEFAULT(s)
+    #endif /* MMAP */
+    #ifdef MUNMAP
+	#define CALL_MUNMAP(a, s)   MUNMAP((a), (s))
+    #else /* MUNMAP */
+	#define CALL_MUNMAP(a, s)   MUNMAP_DEFAULT((a), (s))
+    #endif /* MUNMAP */
+    #ifdef DIRECT_MMAP
+	#define CALL_DIRECT_MMAP(s) DIRECT_MMAP(s)
+    #else /* DIRECT_MMAP */
+	#define CALL_DIRECT_MMAP(s) DIRECT_MMAP_DEFAULT(s)
+    #endif /* DIRECT_MMAP */
+#else  /* HAVE_MMAP */
+    #define IS_MMAPPED_BIT          (SIZE_T_ZERO)
+    #define USE_MMAP_BIT            (SIZE_T_ZERO)
+
+    #define MMAP(s)                 MFAIL
+    #define MUNMAP(a, s)            (-1)
+    #define DIRECT_MMAP(s)          MFAIL
+    #define CALL_DIRECT_MMAP(s)     DIRECT_MMAP(s)
+    #define CALL_MMAP(s)            MMAP(s)
+    #define CALL_MUNMAP(a, s)       MUNMAP((a), (s))
+#endif /* HAVE_MMAP */
+
+/**
+ * Define CALL_MREMAP
+ */
+#if HAVE_MMAP && HAVE_MREMAP
+    #ifdef MREMAP
+	#define CALL_MREMAP(addr, osz, nsz, mv) MREMAP((addr), (osz), (nsz), (mv))
+    #else /* MREMAP */
+	#define CALL_MREMAP(addr, osz, nsz, mv) MREMAP_DEFAULT((addr), (osz), (nsz), (mv))
+    #endif /* MREMAP */
+#else  /* HAVE_MMAP && HAVE_MREMAP */
+    #define CALL_MREMAP(addr, osz, nsz, mv)     MFAIL
+#endif /* HAVE_MMAP && HAVE_MREMAP */
+
+/* mstate bit set if continguous morecore disabled or failed */
+#define USE_NONCONTIGUOUS_BIT (4U)
+
+/* segment bit set in create_mspace_with_base */
+#define EXTERN_BIT            (8U)
+
+
+/* --------------------------- Lock preliminaries ------------------------ */
+
+/*
+  When locks are defined, there is one global lock, plus
+  one per-mspace lock.
+
+  The global lock_ensures that mparams.magic and other unique
+  mparams values are initialized only once. It also protects
+  sequences of calls to MORECORE.  In many cases sys_alloc requires
+  two calls, that should not be interleaved with calls by other
+  threads.  This does not protect against direct calls to MORECORE
+  by other threads not using this lock, so there is still code to
+  cope the best we can on interference.
+
+  Per-mspace locks surround calls to malloc, free, etc.  To enable use
+  in layered extensions, per-mspace locks are reentrant.
+
+  Because lock-protected regions generally have bounded times, it is
+  OK to use the supplied simple spinlocks in the custom versions for
+  x86.
+
+  If USE_LOCKS is > 1, the definitions of lock routines here are
+  bypassed, in which case you will need to define at least
+  INITIAL_LOCK, ACQUIRE_LOCK, RELEASE_LOCK and possibly TRY_LOCK
+  (which is not used in this malloc, but commonly needed in
+  extensions.)
+*/
+
+#if USE_LOCKS == 1
+
+#if USE_SPIN_LOCKS
+#ifndef WIN32
+
+/* Custom pthread-style spin locks on x86 and x64 for gcc */
+struct pthread_mlock_t {
+  volatile unsigned int l;
+  volatile unsigned int c;
+  volatile pthread_t threadid;
+};
+#define MLOCK_T struct        pthread_mlock_t
+#define CURRENT_THREAD        pthread_self()
+#define INITIAL_LOCK(sl)      (memset(sl, 0, sizeof(MLOCK_T)), 0)
+#define ACQUIRE_LOCK(sl)      pthread_acquire_lock(sl)
+#define RELEASE_LOCK(sl)      pthread_release_lock(sl)
+#define TRY_LOCK(sl)          pthread_try_lock(sl)
+#define SPINS_PER_YIELD       63
+
+static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = { 0, 0, 0};
+
+static FORCEINLINE int pthread_acquire_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  int spins = 0;
+  volatile unsigned int* lp = &sl->l;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (*lp != 0) {
+      if (sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD) {
+	++sl->c;
+	return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      /* place args to cmpxchgl in locals to evade oddities in some gccs */
+      int cmp = 0;
+      int val = 1;
+      int ret;
+      __asm__ __volatile__  ("lock; cmpxchgl %1, %2"
+			     : "=a" (ret)
+			     : "r" (val), "m" (*(lp)), "0"(cmp)
+			     : "memory", "cc");
+      if (!ret) {
+	assert(!sl->threadid);
+	sl->c = 1;
+	sl->threadid = CURRENT_THREAD;
+	return 0;
+      }
+      if ((++spins & SPINS_PER_YIELD) == 0) {
+#if defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun) /* solaris */
+	thr_yield();
+#else
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+	sched_yield();
+#else  /* no-op yield on unknown systems */
+	;
+#endif /* __linux__ || __FreeBSD__ || __APPLE__ */
+#endif /* solaris */
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static FORCEINLINE void pthread_release_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  assert(sl->l != 0);
+  assert(sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD);
+  if (--sl->c == 0) {
+    sl->threadid = 0;
+    volatile unsigned int* lp = &sl->l;
+    int prev = 0;
+    int ret;
+    __asm__ __volatile__ ("lock; xchgl %0, %1"
+			  : "=r" (ret)
+			  : "m" (*(lp)), "0"(prev)
+			  : "memory");
+  }
+}
+
+static FORCEINLINE int pthread_try_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  volatile unsigned int* lp = &sl->l;
+  if (*lp != 0) {
+      if (sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD) {
+	++sl->c;
+	return 1;
+      }
+  }
+  else {
+    int cmp = 0;
+    int val = 1;
+    int ret;
+    __asm__ __volatile__  ("lock; cmpxchgl %1, %2"
+			   : "=a" (ret)
+			   : "r" (val), "m" (*(lp)), "0"(cmp)
+			   : "memory", "cc");
+    if (!ret) {
+      assert(!sl->threadid);
+      sl->c = 1;
+      sl->threadid = CURRENT_THREAD;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+#else /* WIN32 */
+/* Custom win32-style spin locks on x86 and x64 for MSC */
+struct win32_mlock_t
+{
+  volatile long l;
+  volatile unsigned int c;
+  volatile long threadid;
+};
+
+#define MLOCK_T               struct win32_mlock_t
+#define CURRENT_THREAD        win32_getcurrentthreadid()
+#define INITIAL_LOCK(sl)      (memset(sl, 0, sizeof(MLOCK_T)), 0)
+#define ACQUIRE_LOCK(sl)      win32_acquire_lock(sl)
+#define RELEASE_LOCK(sl)      win32_release_lock(sl)
+#define TRY_LOCK(sl)          win32_try_lock(sl)
+#define SPINS_PER_YIELD       63
+
+static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = { 0, 0, 0};
+
+static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid() {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#if defined(_M_IX86)
+  long *threadstruct=(long *)__readfsdword(0x18);
+  long threadid=threadstruct[0x24/sizeof(long)];
+  return threadid;
+#elif defined(_M_X64)
+  /* todo */
+  return GetCurrentThreadId();
+#else
+  return GetCurrentThreadId();
+#endif
+#else
+  return GetCurrentThreadId();
+#endif
+}
+
+static FORCEINLINE int win32_acquire_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  int spins = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (sl->l != 0) {
+      if (sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD) {
+	++sl->c;
+	return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      if (!interlockedexchange(&sl->l, 1)) {
+	assert(!sl->threadid);
+		sl->c=CURRENT_THREAD;
+	sl->threadid = CURRENT_THREAD;
+	sl->c = 1;
+	return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    if ((++spins & SPINS_PER_YIELD) == 0)
+      SleepEx(0, FALSE);
+  }
+}
+
+static FORCEINLINE void win32_release_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  assert(sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD);
+  assert(sl->l != 0);
+  if (--sl->c == 0) {
+    sl->threadid = 0;
+    interlockedexchange (&sl->l, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+static FORCEINLINE int win32_try_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  if(sl->l != 0) {
+      if (sl->threadid == CURRENT_THREAD) {
+	++sl->c;
+	return 1;
+      }
+  }
+  else {
+    if (!interlockedexchange(&sl->l, 1)){
+      assert(!sl->threadid);
+      sl->threadid = CURRENT_THREAD;
+      sl->c = 1;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+#else /* USE_SPIN_LOCKS */
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+/* pthreads-based locks */
+
+#define MLOCK_T               pthread_mutex_t
+#define CURRENT_THREAD        pthread_self()
+#define INITIAL_LOCK(sl)      pthread_init_lock(sl)
+#define ACQUIRE_LOCK(sl)      pthread_mutex_lock(sl)
+#define RELEASE_LOCK(sl)      pthread_mutex_unlock(sl)
+#define TRY_LOCK(sl)          (!pthread_mutex_trylock(sl))
+
+static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+/* Cope with old-style linux recursive lock initialization by adding */
+/* skipped internal declaration from pthread.h */
+#ifdef linux
+#ifndef PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
+extern int pthread_mutexattr_setkind_np __P ((pthread_mutexattr_t *__attr,
+					   int __kind));
+#define PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP
+#define pthread_mutexattr_settype(x,y) pthread_mutexattr_setkind_np(x,y)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static int pthread_init_lock (MLOCK_T *sl) {
+  pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
+  if (pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr)) return 1;
+  if (pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)) return 1;
+  if (pthread_mutex_init(sl, &attr)) return 1;
+  if (pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr)) return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#else /* WIN32 */
+/* Win32 critical sections */
+#define MLOCK_T               CRITICAL_SECTION
+#define CURRENT_THREAD        GetCurrentThreadId()
+#define INITIAL_LOCK(s)       (!InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount((s), 0x80000000|4000))
+#define ACQUIRE_LOCK(s)       (EnterCriticalSection(s), 0)
+#define RELEASE_LOCK(s)       LeaveCriticalSection(s)
+#define TRY_LOCK(s)           TryEnterCriticalSection(s)
+#define NEED_GLOBAL_LOCK_INIT
+
+static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex;
+static volatile long malloc_global_mutex_status;
+
+/* Use spin loop to initialize global lock */
+static void init_malloc_global_mutex() {
+  for (;;) {
+    long stat = malloc_global_mutex_status;
+    if (stat > 0)
+      return;
+    /* transition to < 0 while initializing, then to > 0) */
+    if (stat == 0 &&
+	interlockedcompareexchange(&malloc_global_mutex_status, -1, 0) == 0) {
+      InitializeCriticalSection(&malloc_global_mutex);
+      interlockedexchange(&malloc_global_mutex_status,1);
+      return;
+    }
+    SleepEx(0, FALSE);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+#endif /* USE_SPIN_LOCKS */
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS == 1 */
+
+/* -----------------------  User-defined locks ------------------------ */
+
+#if USE_LOCKS > 1
+/* Define your own lock implementation here */
+/* #define INITIAL_LOCK(sl)  ... */
+/* #define ACQUIRE_LOCK(sl)  ... */
+/* #define RELEASE_LOCK(sl)  ... */
+/* #define TRY_LOCK(sl) ... */
+/* static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = ... */
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS > 1 */
+
+/* -----------------------  Lock-based state ------------------------ */
+
+#if USE_LOCKS
+#define USE_LOCK_BIT               (2U)
+#else  /* USE_LOCKS */
+#define USE_LOCK_BIT               (0U)
+#define INITIAL_LOCK(l)
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS */
+
+#if USE_LOCKS
+#define ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK()  ACQUIRE_LOCK(&malloc_global_mutex);
+#define RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK()  RELEASE_LOCK(&malloc_global_mutex);
+#else  /* USE_LOCKS */
+#define ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK()
+#define RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK()
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS */
+
+
+/* -----------------------  Chunk representations ------------------------ */
+
+/*
+  (The following includes lightly edited explanations by Colin Plumb.)
+
+  The malloc_chunk declaration below is misleading (but accurate and
+  necessary).  It declares a "view" into memory allowing access to
+  necessary fields at known offsets from a given base.
+
+  Chunks of memory are maintained using a `boundary tag' method as
+  originally described by Knuth.  (See the paper by Paul Wilson
+  ftp://ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/garbage/allocsrv.ps for a survey of such
+  techniques.)  Sizes of free chunks are stored both in the front of
+  each chunk and at the end.  This makes consolidating fragmented
+  chunks into bigger chunks fast.  The head fields also hold bits
+  representing whether chunks are free or in use.
+
+  Here are some pictures to make it clearer.  They are "exploded" to
+  show that the state of a chunk can be thought of as extending from
+  the high 31 bits of the head field of its header through the
+  prev_foot and PINUSE_BIT bit of the following chunk header.
+
+  A chunk that's in use looks like:
+
+   chunk-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	   | Size of previous chunk (if P = 0)                             |
+	   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |P|
+	 | Size of this chunk                                         1| +-+
+   mem-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 |                                                               |
+	 +-                                                             -+
+	 |                                                               |
+	 +-                                                             -+
+	 |                                                               :
+	 +-      size - sizeof(size_t) available payload bytes          -+
+	 :                                                               |
+ chunk-> +-                                                             -+
+	 |                                                               |
+	 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |1|
+       | Size of next chunk (may or may not be in use)               | +-+
+ mem-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+    And if it's free, it looks like this:
+
+   chunk-> +-                                                             -+
+	   | User payload (must be in use, or we would have merged!)       |
+	   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |P|
+	 | Size of this chunk                                         0| +-+
+   mem-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 | Next pointer                                                  |
+	 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 | Prev pointer                                                  |
+	 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 |                                                               :
+	 +-      size - sizeof(struct chunk) unused bytes               -+
+	 :                                                               |
+ chunk-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	 | Size of this chunk                                            |
+	 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0|
+       | Size of next chunk (must be in use, or we would have merged)| +-+
+ mem-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+       |                                                               :
+       +- User payload                                                -+
+       :                                                               |
+       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+								     |0|
+								     +-+
+  Note that since we always merge adjacent free chunks, the chunks
+  adjacent to a free chunk must be in use.
+
+  Given a pointer to a chunk (which can be derived trivially from the
+  payload pointer) we can, in O(1) time, find out whether the adjacent
+  chunks are free, and if so, unlink them from the lists that they
+  are on and merge them with the current chunk.
+
+  Chunks always begin on even word boundaries, so the mem portion
+  (which is returned to the user) is also on an even word boundary, and
+  thus at least double-word aligned.
+
+  The P (PINUSE_BIT) bit, stored in the unused low-order bit of the
+  chunk size (which is always a multiple of two words), is an in-use
+  bit for the *previous* chunk.  If that bit is *clear*, then the
+  word before the current chunk size contains the previous chunk
+  size, and can be used to find the front of the previous chunk.
+  The very first chunk allocated always has this bit set, preventing
+  access to non-existent (or non-owned) memory. If pinuse is set for
+  any given chunk, then you CANNOT determine the size of the
+  previous chunk, and might even get a memory addressing fault when
+  trying to do so.
+
+  The C (CINUSE_BIT) bit, stored in the unused second-lowest bit of
+  the chunk size redundantly records whether the current chunk is
+  inuse. This redundancy enables usage checks within free and realloc,
+  and reduces indirection when freeing and consolidating chunks.
+
+  Each freshly allocated chunk must have both cinuse and pinuse set.
+  That is, each allocated chunk borders either a previously allocated
+  and still in-use chunk, or the base of its memory arena. This is
+  ensured by making all allocations from the the `lowest' part of any
+  found chunk.  Further, no free chunk physically borders another one,
+  so each free chunk is known to be preceded and followed by either
+  inuse chunks or the ends of memory.
+
+  Note that the `foot' of the current chunk is actually represented
+  as the prev_foot of the NEXT chunk. This makes it easier to
+  deal with alignments etc but can be very confusing when trying
+  to extend or adapt this code.
+
+  The exceptions to all this are
+
+     1. The special chunk `top' is the top-most available chunk (i.e.,
+	the one bordering the end of available memory). It is treated
+	specially.  Top is never included in any bin, is used only if
+	no other chunk is available, and is released back to the
+	system if it is very large (see M_TRIM_THRESHOLD).  In effect,
+	the top chunk is treated as larger (and thus less well
+	fitting) than any other available chunk.  The top chunk
+	doesn't update its trailing size field since there is no next
+	contiguous chunk that would have to index off it. However,
+	space is still allocated for it (TOP_FOOT_SIZE) to enable
+	separation or merging when space is extended.
+
+     3. Chunks allocated via mmap, which have the lowest-order bit
+	(IS_MMAPPED_BIT) set in their prev_foot fields, and do not set
+	PINUSE_BIT in their head fields.  Because they are allocated
+	one-by-one, each must carry its own prev_foot field, which is
+	also used to hold the offset this chunk has within its mmapped
+	region, which is needed to preserve alignment. Each mmapped
+	chunk is trailed by the first two fields of a fake next-chunk
+	for sake of usage checks.
+
+*/
+
+struct malloc_chunk {
+  size_t               prev_foot;  /* Size of previous chunk (if free).  */
+  size_t               head;       /* Size and inuse bits. */
+  struct malloc_chunk* fd;         /* double links -- used only if free. */
+  struct malloc_chunk* bk;
+};
+
+typedef struct malloc_chunk  mchunk;
+typedef struct malloc_chunk* mchunkptr;
+typedef struct malloc_chunk* sbinptr;  /* The type of bins of chunks */
+typedef unsigned int bindex_t;         /* Described below */
+typedef unsigned int binmap_t;         /* Described below */
+typedef unsigned int flag_t;           /* The type of various bit flag sets */
+
+/* ------------------- Chunks sizes and alignments ----------------------- */
+
+#define MCHUNK_SIZE         (sizeof(mchunk))
+
+#if FOOTERS
+#define CHUNK_OVERHEAD      (TWO_SIZE_T_SIZES)
+#else /* FOOTERS */
+#define CHUNK_OVERHEAD      (SIZE_T_SIZE)
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+
+/* MMapped chunks need a second word of overhead ... */
+#define MMAP_CHUNK_OVERHEAD (TWO_SIZE_T_SIZES)
+/* ... and additional padding for fake next-chunk at foot */
+#define MMAP_FOOT_PAD       (FOUR_SIZE_T_SIZES)
+
+/* The smallest size we can malloc is an aligned minimal chunk */
+#define MIN_CHUNK_SIZE\
+  ((MCHUNK_SIZE + CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK) & ~CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK)
+
+/* conversion from malloc headers to user pointers, and back */
+#define chunk2mem(p)        ((void*)((char*)(p)       + TWO_SIZE_T_SIZES))
+#define mem2chunk(mem)      ((mchunkptr)((char*)(mem) - TWO_SIZE_T_SIZES))
+/* chunk associated with aligned address A */
+#define align_as_chunk(A)   (mchunkptr)((A) + align_offset(chunk2mem(A)))
+
+/* Bounds on request (not chunk) sizes. */
+#define MAX_REQUEST         ((-MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) << 2)
+#define MIN_REQUEST         (MIN_CHUNK_SIZE - CHUNK_OVERHEAD - SIZE_T_ONE)
+
+/* pad request bytes into a usable size */
+#define pad_request(req) \
+   (((req) + CHUNK_OVERHEAD + CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK) & ~CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK)
+
+/* pad request, checking for minimum (but not maximum) */
+#define request2size(req) \
+  (((req) < MIN_REQUEST)? MIN_CHUNK_SIZE : pad_request(req))
+
+
+/* ------------------ Operations on head and foot fields ----------------- */
+
+/*
+  The head field of a chunk is or'ed with PINUSE_BIT when previous
+  adjacent chunk in use, and or'ed with CINUSE_BIT if this chunk is in
+  use. If the chunk was obtained with mmap, the prev_foot field has
+  IS_MMAPPED_BIT set, otherwise holding the offset of the base of the
+  mmapped region to the base of the chunk.
+
+  FLAG4_BIT is not used by this malloc, but might be useful in extensions.
+*/
+
+#define PINUSE_BIT          (SIZE_T_ONE)
+#define CINUSE_BIT          (SIZE_T_TWO)
+#define FLAG4_BIT           (SIZE_T_FOUR)
+#define INUSE_BITS          (PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT)
+#define FLAG_BITS           (PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT|FLAG4_BIT)
+
+/* Head value for fenceposts */
+#define FENCEPOST_HEAD      (INUSE_BITS|SIZE_T_SIZE)
+
+/* extraction of fields from head words */
+#define cinuse(p)           ((p)->head & CINUSE_BIT)
+#define pinuse(p)           ((p)->head & PINUSE_BIT)
+#define chunksize(p)        ((p)->head & ~(FLAG_BITS))
+
+#define clear_pinuse(p)     ((p)->head &= ~PINUSE_BIT)
+#define clear_cinuse(p)     ((p)->head &= ~CINUSE_BIT)
+
+/* Treat space at ptr +/- offset as a chunk */
+#define chunk_plus_offset(p, s)  ((mchunkptr)(((char*)(p)) + (s)))
+#define chunk_minus_offset(p, s) ((mchunkptr)(((char*)(p)) - (s)))
+
+/* Ptr to next or previous physical malloc_chunk. */
+#define next_chunk(p) ((mchunkptr)( ((char*)(p)) + ((p)->head & ~FLAG_BITS)))
+#define prev_chunk(p) ((mchunkptr)( ((char*)(p)) - ((p)->prev_foot) ))
+
+/* extract next chunk's pinuse bit */
+#define next_pinuse(p)  ((next_chunk(p)->head) & PINUSE_BIT)
+
+/* Get/set size at footer */
+#define get_foot(p, s)  (((mchunkptr)((char*)(p) + (s)))->prev_foot)
+#define set_foot(p, s)  (((mchunkptr)((char*)(p) + (s)))->prev_foot = (s))
+
+/* Set size, pinuse bit, and foot */
+#define set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(p, s)\
+  ((p)->head = (s|PINUSE_BIT), set_foot(p, s))
+
+/* Set size, pinuse bit, foot, and clear next pinuse */
+#define set_free_with_pinuse(p, s, n)\
+  (clear_pinuse(n), set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(p, s))
+
+#define is_mmapped(p)\
+  (!((p)->head & PINUSE_BIT) && ((p)->prev_foot & IS_MMAPPED_BIT))
+
+/* Get the internal overhead associated with chunk p */
+#define overhead_for(p)\
+ (is_mmapped(p)? MMAP_CHUNK_OVERHEAD : CHUNK_OVERHEAD)
+
+/* Return true if malloced space is not necessarily cleared */
+#if MMAP_CLEARS
+#define calloc_must_clear(p) (!is_mmapped(p))
+#else /* MMAP_CLEARS */
+#define calloc_must_clear(p) (1)
+#endif /* MMAP_CLEARS */
+
+/* ---------------------- Overlaid data structures ----------------------- */
+
+/*
+  When chunks are not in use, they are treated as nodes of either
+  lists or trees.
+
+  "Small"  chunks are stored in circular doubly-linked lists, and look
+  like this:
+
+    chunk-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Size of previous chunk                            |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    `head:' |             Size of chunk, in bytes                         |P|
+      mem-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Forward pointer to next chunk in list             |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Back pointer to previous chunk in list            |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Unused space (may be 0 bytes long)                .
+	    .                                                               .
+	    .                                                               |
+nextchunk-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    `foot:' |             Size of chunk, in bytes                           |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+  Larger chunks are kept in a form of bitwise digital trees (aka
+  tries) keyed on chunksizes.  Because malloc_tree_chunks are only for
+  free chunks greater than 256 bytes, their size doesn't impose any
+  constraints on user chunk sizes.  Each node looks like:
+
+    chunk-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Size of previous chunk                            |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    `head:' |             Size of chunk, in bytes                         |P|
+      mem-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Forward pointer to next chunk of same size        |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Back pointer to previous chunk of same size       |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Pointer to left child (child[0])                  |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Pointer to right child (child[1])                 |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Pointer to parent                                 |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             bin index of this chunk                           |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+	    |             Unused space                                      .
+	    .                                                               |
+nextchunk-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+    `foot:' |             Size of chunk, in bytes                           |
+	    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+  Each tree holding treenodes is a tree of unique chunk sizes.  Chunks
+  of the same size are arranged in a circularly-linked list, with only
+  the oldest chunk (the next to be used, in our FIFO ordering)
+  actually in the tree.  (Tree members are distinguished by a non-null
+  parent pointer.)  If a chunk with the same size an an existing node
+  is inserted, it is linked off the existing node using pointers that
+  work in the same way as fd/bk pointers of small chunks.
+
+  Each tree contains a power of 2 sized range of chunk sizes (the
+  smallest is 0x100 <= x < 0x180), which is is divided in half at each
+  tree level, with the chunks in the smaller half of the range (0x100
+  <= x < 0x140 for the top nose) in the left subtree and the larger
+  half (0x140 <= x < 0x180) in the right subtree.  This is, of course,
+  done by inspecting individual bits.
+
+  Using these rules, each node's left subtree contains all smaller
+  sizes than its right subtree.  However, the node at the root of each
+  subtree has no particular ordering relationship to either.  (The
+  dividing line between the subtree sizes is based on trie relation.)
+  If we remove the last chunk of a given size from the interior of the
+  tree, we need to replace it with a leaf node.  The tree ordering
+  rules permit a node to be replaced by any leaf below it.
+
+  The smallest chunk in a tree (a common operation in a best-fit
+  allocator) can be found by walking a path to the leftmost leaf in
+  the tree.  Unlike a usual binary tree, where we follow left child
+  pointers until we reach a null, here we follow the right child
+  pointer any time the left one is null, until we reach a leaf with
+  both child pointers null. The smallest chunk in the tree will be
+  somewhere along that path.
+
+  The worst case number of steps to add, find, or remove a node is
+  bounded by the number of bits differentiating chunks within
+  bins. Under current bin calculations, this ranges from 6 up to 21
+  (for 32 bit sizes) or up to 53 (for 64 bit sizes). The typical case
+  is of course much better.
+*/
+
+struct malloc_tree_chunk {
+  /* The first four fields must be compatible with malloc_chunk */
+  size_t                    prev_foot;
+  size_t                    head;
+  struct malloc_tree_chunk* fd;
+  struct malloc_tree_chunk* bk;
+
+  struct malloc_tree_chunk* child[2];
+  struct malloc_tree_chunk* parent;
+  bindex_t                  index;
+};
+
+typedef struct malloc_tree_chunk  tchunk;
+typedef struct malloc_tree_chunk* tchunkptr;
+typedef struct malloc_tree_chunk* tbinptr; /* The type of bins of trees */
+
+/* A little helper macro for trees */
+#define leftmost_child(t) ((t)->child[0] != 0? (t)->child[0] : (t)->child[1])
+
+/* ----------------------------- Segments -------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+  Each malloc space may include non-contiguous segments, held in a
+  list headed by an embedded malloc_segment record representing the
+  top-most space. Segments also include flags holding properties of
+  the space. Large chunks that are directly allocated by mmap are not
+  included in this list. They are instead independently created and
+  destroyed without otherwise keeping track of them.
+
+  Segment management mainly comes into play for spaces allocated by
+  MMAP.  Any call to MMAP might or might not return memory that is
+  adjacent to an existing segment.  MORECORE normally contiguously
+  extends the current space, so this space is almost always adjacent,
+  which is simpler and faster to deal with. (This is why MORECORE is
+  used preferentially to MMAP when both are available -- see
+  sys_alloc.)  When allocating using MMAP, we don't use any of the
+  hinting mechanisms (inconsistently) supported in various
+  implementations of unix mmap, or distinguish reserving from
+  committing memory. Instead, we just ask for space, and exploit
+  contiguity when we get it.  It is probably possible to do
+  better than this on some systems, but no general scheme seems
+  to be significantly better.
+
+  Management entails a simpler variant of the consolidation scheme
+  used for chunks to reduce fragmentation -- new adjacent memory is
+  normally prepended or appended to an existing segment. However,
+  there are limitations compared to chunk consolidation that mostly
+  reflect the fact that segment processing is relatively infrequent
+  (occurring only when getting memory from system) and that we
+  don't expect to have huge numbers of segments:
+
+  * Segments are not indexed, so traversal requires linear scans.  (It
+    would be possible to index these, but is not worth the extra
+    overhead and complexity for most programs on most platforms.)
+  * New segments are only appended to old ones when holding top-most
+    memory; if they cannot be prepended to others, they are held in
+    different segments.
+
+  Except for the top-most segment of an mstate, each segment record
+  is kept at the tail of its segment. Segments are added by pushing
+  segment records onto the list headed by &mstate.seg for the
+  containing mstate.
+
+  Segment flags control allocation/merge/deallocation policies:
+  * If EXTERN_BIT set, then we did not allocate this segment,
+    and so should not try to deallocate or merge with others.
+    (This currently holds only for the initial segment passed
+    into create_mspace_with_base.)
+  * If IS_MMAPPED_BIT set, the segment may be merged with
+    other surrounding mmapped segments and trimmed/de-allocated
+    using munmap.
+  * If neither bit is set, then the segment was obtained using
+    MORECORE so can be merged with surrounding MORECORE'd segments
+    and deallocated/trimmed using MORECORE with negative arguments.
+*/
+
+struct malloc_segment {
+  char*        base;             /* base address */
+  size_t       size;             /* allocated size */
+  struct malloc_segment* next;   /* ptr to next segment */
+  flag_t       sflags;           /* mmap and extern flag */
+};
+
+#define is_mmapped_segment(S)  ((S)->sflags & IS_MMAPPED_BIT)
+#define is_extern_segment(S)   ((S)->sflags & EXTERN_BIT)
+
+typedef struct malloc_segment  msegment;
+typedef struct malloc_segment* msegmentptr;
+
+/* ---------------------------- malloc_state ----------------------------- */
+
+/*
+   A malloc_state holds all of the bookkeeping for a space.
+   The main fields are:
+
+  Top
+    The topmost chunk of the currently active segment. Its size is
+    cached in topsize.  The actual size of topmost space is
+    topsize+TOP_FOOT_SIZE, which includes space reserved for adding
+    fenceposts and segment records if necessary when getting more
+    space from the system.  The size at which to autotrim top is
+    cached from mparams in trim_check, except that it is disabled if
+    an autotrim fails.
+
+  Designated victim (dv)
+    This is the preferred chunk for servicing small requests that
+    don't have exact fits.  It is normally the chunk split off most
+    recently to service another small request.  Its size is cached in
+    dvsize. The link fields of this chunk are not maintained since it
+    is not kept in a bin.
+
+  SmallBins
+    An array of bin headers for free chunks.  These bins hold chunks
+    with sizes less than MIN_LARGE_SIZE bytes. Each bin contains
+    chunks of all the same size, spaced 8 bytes apart.  To simplify
+    use in double-linked lists, each bin header acts as a malloc_chunk
+    pointing to the real first node, if it exists (else pointing to
+    itself).  This avoids special-casing for headers.  But to avoid
+    waste, we allocate only the fd/bk pointers of bins, and then use
+    repositioning tricks to treat these as the fields of a chunk.
+
+  TreeBins
+    Treebins are pointers to the roots of trees holding a range of
+    sizes. There are 2 equally spaced treebins for each power of two
+    from TREE_SHIFT to TREE_SHIFT+16. The last bin holds anything
+    larger.
+
+  Bin maps
+    There is one bit map for small bins ("smallmap") and one for
+    treebins ("treemap).  Each bin sets its bit when non-empty, and
+    clears the bit when empty.  Bit operations are then used to avoid
+    bin-by-bin searching -- nearly all "search" is done without ever
+    looking at bins that won't be selected.  The bit maps
+    conservatively use 32 bits per map word, even if on 64bit system.
+    For a good description of some of the bit-based techniques used
+    here, see Henry S. Warren Jr's book "Hacker's Delight" (and
+    supplement at http://hackersdelight.org/). Many of these are
+    intended to reduce the branchiness of paths through malloc etc, as
+    well as to reduce the number of memory locations read or written.
+
+  Segments
+    A list of segments headed by an embedded malloc_segment record
+    representing the initial space.
+
+  Address check support
+    The least_addr field is the least address ever obtained from
+    MORECORE or MMAP. Attempted frees and reallocs of any address less
+    than this are trapped (unless INSECURE is defined).
+
+  Magic tag
+    A cross-check field that should always hold same value as mparams.magic.
+
+  Flags
+    Bits recording whether to use MMAP, locks, or contiguous MORECORE
+
+  Statistics
+    Each space keeps track of current and maximum system memory
+    obtained via MORECORE or MMAP.
+
+  Trim support
+    Fields holding the amount of unused topmost memory that should trigger
+    timming, and a counter to force periodic scanning to release unused
+    non-topmost segments.
+
+  Locking
+    If USE_LOCKS is defined, the "mutex" lock is acquired and released
+    around every public call using this mspace.
+
+  Extension support
+    A void* pointer and a size_t field that can be used to help implement
+    extensions to this malloc.
+*/
+
+/* Bin types, widths and sizes */
+#define NSMALLBINS        (32U)
+#define NTREEBINS         (32U)
+#define SMALLBIN_SHIFT    (3U)
+#define SMALLBIN_WIDTH    (SIZE_T_ONE << SMALLBIN_SHIFT)
+#define TREEBIN_SHIFT     (8U)
+#define MIN_LARGE_SIZE    (SIZE_T_ONE << TREEBIN_SHIFT)
+#define MAX_SMALL_SIZE    (MIN_LARGE_SIZE - SIZE_T_ONE)
+#define MAX_SMALL_REQUEST (MAX_SMALL_SIZE - CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK - CHUNK_OVERHEAD)
+
+struct malloc_state {
+  binmap_t   smallmap;
+  binmap_t   treemap;
+  size_t     dvsize;
+  size_t     topsize;
+  char*      least_addr;
+  mchunkptr  dv;
+  mchunkptr  top;
+  size_t     trim_check;
+  size_t     release_checks;
+  size_t     magic;
+  mchunkptr  smallbins[(NSMALLBINS+1)*2];
+  tbinptr    treebins[NTREEBINS];
+  size_t     footprint;
+  size_t     max_footprint;
+  flag_t     mflags;
+#if USE_LOCKS
+  MLOCK_T    mutex;     /* locate lock among fields that rarely change */
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS */
+  msegment   seg;
+  void*      extp;      /* Unused but available for extensions */
+  size_t     exts;
+};
+
+typedef struct malloc_state*    mstate;
+
+/* ------------- Global malloc_state and malloc_params ------------------- */
+
+/*
+  malloc_params holds global properties, including those that can be
+  dynamically set using mallopt. There is a single instance, mparams,
+  initialized in init_mparams. Note that the non-zeroness of "magic"
+  also serves as an initialization flag.
+*/
+
+struct malloc_params {
+  volatile size_t magic;
+  size_t page_size;
+  size_t granularity;
+  size_t mmap_threshold;
+  size_t trim_threshold;
+  flag_t default_mflags;
+};
+
+static struct malloc_params mparams;
+
+/* Ensure mparams initialized */
+#define ensure_initialization() ((void)(mparams.magic != 0 || init_mparams()))
+
+#if !ONLY_MSPACES
+
+/* The global malloc_state used for all non-"mspace" calls */
+static struct malloc_state _gm_;
+#define gm                 (&_gm_)
+#define is_global(M)       ((M) == &_gm_)
+
+#endif /* !ONLY_MSPACES */
+
+#define is_initialized(M)  ((M)->top != 0)
+
+/* -------------------------- system alloc setup ------------------------- */
+
+/* Operations on mflags */
+
+#define use_lock(M)           ((M)->mflags &   USE_LOCK_BIT)
+#define enable_lock(M)        ((M)->mflags |=  USE_LOCK_BIT)
+#define disable_lock(M)       ((M)->mflags &= ~USE_LOCK_BIT)
+
+#define use_mmap(M)           ((M)->mflags &   USE_MMAP_BIT)
+#define enable_mmap(M)        ((M)->mflags |=  USE_MMAP_BIT)
+#define disable_mmap(M)       ((M)->mflags &= ~USE_MMAP_BIT)
+
+#define use_noncontiguous(M)  ((M)->mflags &   USE_NONCONTIGUOUS_BIT)
+#define disable_contiguous(M) ((M)->mflags |=  USE_NONCONTIGUOUS_BIT)
+
+#define set_lock(M,L)\
+ ((M)->mflags = (L)?\
+  ((M)->mflags | USE_LOCK_BIT) :\
+  ((M)->mflags & ~USE_LOCK_BIT))
+
+/* page-align a size */
+#define page_align(S)\
+ (((S) + (mparams.page_size - SIZE_T_ONE)) & ~(mparams.page_size - SIZE_T_ONE))
+
+/* granularity-align a size */
+#define granularity_align(S)\
+  (((S) + (mparams.granularity - SIZE_T_ONE))\
+   & ~(mparams.granularity - SIZE_T_ONE))
+
+
+/* For mmap, use granularity alignment on windows, else page-align */
+#ifdef WIN32
+#define mmap_align(S) granularity_align(S)
+#else
+#define mmap_align(S) page_align(S)
+#endif
+
+/* For sys_alloc, enough padding to ensure can malloc request on success */
+#define SYS_ALLOC_PADDING (TOP_FOOT_SIZE + MALLOC_ALIGNMENT)
+
+#define is_page_aligned(S)\
+   (((size_t)(S) & (mparams.page_size - SIZE_T_ONE)) == 0)
+#define is_granularity_aligned(S)\
+   (((size_t)(S) & (mparams.granularity - SIZE_T_ONE)) == 0)
+
+/*  True if segment S holds address A */
+#define segment_holds(S, A)\
+  ((char*)(A) >= S->base && (char*)(A) < S->base + S->size)
+
+/* Return segment holding given address */
+static msegmentptr segment_holding(mstate m, char* addr) {
+  msegmentptr sp = &m->seg;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (addr >= sp->base && addr < sp->base + sp->size)
+      return sp;
+    if ((sp = sp->next) == 0)
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Return true if segment contains a segment link */
+static int has_segment_link(mstate m, msegmentptr ss) {
+  msegmentptr sp = &m->seg;
+  for (;;) {
+    if ((char*)sp >= ss->base && (char*)sp < ss->base + ss->size)
+      return 1;
+    if ((sp = sp->next) == 0)
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM
+#define should_trim(M,s)  ((s) > (M)->trim_check)
+#else  /* MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM */
+#define should_trim(M,s)  (0)
+#endif /* MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM */
+
+/*
+  TOP_FOOT_SIZE is padding at the end of a segment, including space
+  that may be needed to place segment records and fenceposts when new
+  noncontiguous segments are added.
+*/
+#define TOP_FOOT_SIZE\
+  (align_offset(chunk2mem(0))+pad_request(sizeof(struct malloc_segment))+MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+
+/* -------------------------------  Hooks -------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+  PREACTION should be defined to return 0 on success, and nonzero on
+  failure. If you are not using locking, you can redefine these to do
+  anything you like.
+*/
+
+#if USE_LOCKS
+
+#define PREACTION(M)  ((use_lock(M))? ACQUIRE_LOCK(&(M)->mutex) : 0)
+#define POSTACTION(M) { if (use_lock(M)) RELEASE_LOCK(&(M)->mutex); }
+#else /* USE_LOCKS */
+
+#ifndef PREACTION
+#define PREACTION(M) (0)
+#endif  /* PREACTION */
+
+#ifndef POSTACTION
+#define POSTACTION(M)
+#endif  /* POSTACTION */
+
+#endif /* USE_LOCKS */
+
+/*
+  CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION is triggered upon detected bad addresses.
+  USAGE_ERROR_ACTION is triggered on detected bad frees and
+  reallocs. The argument p is an address that might have triggered the
+  fault. It is ignored by the two predefined actions, but might be
+  useful in custom actions that try to help diagnose errors.
+*/
+
+#if PROCEED_ON_ERROR
+
+/* A count of the number of corruption errors causing resets */
+int malloc_corruption_error_count;
+
+/* default corruption action */
+static void reset_on_error(mstate m);
+
+#define CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(m)  reset_on_error(m)
+#define USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(m, p)
+
+#else /* PROCEED_ON_ERROR */
+
+#ifndef CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION
+#define CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(m) ABORT
+#endif /* CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION */
+
+#ifndef USAGE_ERROR_ACTION
+#define USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(m,p) ABORT
+#endif /* USAGE_ERROR_ACTION */
+
+#endif /* PROCEED_ON_ERROR */
+
+/* -------------------------- Debugging setup ---------------------------- */
+
+#if ! DEBUG
+
+#define check_free_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_inuse_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_malloced_chunk(M,P,N)
+#define check_mmapped_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_malloc_state(M)
+#define check_top_chunk(M,P)
+
+#else /* DEBUG */
+#define check_free_chunk(M,P)       do_check_free_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_inuse_chunk(M,P)      do_check_inuse_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_top_chunk(M,P)        do_check_top_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_malloced_chunk(M,P,N) do_check_malloced_chunk(M,P,N)
+#define check_mmapped_chunk(M,P)    do_check_mmapped_chunk(M,P)
+#define check_malloc_state(M)       do_check_malloc_state(M)
+
+static void   do_check_any_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p);
+static void   do_check_top_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p);
+static void   do_check_mmapped_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p);
+static void   do_check_inuse_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p);
+static void   do_check_free_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p);
+static void   do_check_malloced_chunk(mstate m, void* mem, size_t s);
+static void   do_check_tree(mstate m, tchunkptr t);
+static void   do_check_treebin(mstate m, bindex_t i);
+static void   do_check_smallbin(mstate m, bindex_t i);
+static void   do_check_malloc_state(mstate m);
+static int    bin_find(mstate m, mchunkptr x);
+static size_t traverse_and_check(mstate m);
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+/* ---------------------------- Indexing Bins ---------------------------- */
+
+#define is_small(s)         (((s) >> SMALLBIN_SHIFT) < NSMALLBINS)
+#define small_index(s)      ((s)  >> SMALLBIN_SHIFT)
+#define small_index2size(i) ((i)  << SMALLBIN_SHIFT)
+#define MIN_SMALL_INDEX     (small_index(MIN_CHUNK_SIZE))
+
+/* addressing by index. See above about smallbin repositioning */
+#define smallbin_at(M, i)   ((sbinptr)((char*)&((M)->smallbins[(i)<<1])))
+#define treebin_at(M,i)     (&((M)->treebins[i]))
+
+/* assign tree index for size S to variable I. Use x86 asm if possible  */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
+#define compute_tree_index(S, I)\
+{\
+  unsigned int X = S >> TREEBIN_SHIFT;\
+  if (X == 0)\
+    I = 0;\
+  else if (X > 0xFFFF)\
+    I = NTREEBINS-1;\
+  else {\
+    unsigned int K;\
+    __asm__("bsrl\t%1, %0\n\t" : "=r" (K) : "rm"  (X));\
+    I =  (bindex_t)((K << 1) + ((S >> (K + (TREEBIN_SHIFT-1)) & 1)));\
+  }\
+}
+
+#elif defined (__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define compute_tree_index(S, I)\
+{\
+  size_t X = S >> TREEBIN_SHIFT;\
+  if (X == 0)\
+    I = 0;\
+  else if (X > 0xFFFF)\
+    I = NTREEBINS-1;\
+  else {\
+    unsigned int K = _bit_scan_reverse (X); \
+    I =  (bindex_t)((K << 1) + ((S >> (K + (TREEBIN_SHIFT-1)) & 1)));\
+  }\
+}
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300
+#define compute_tree_index(S, I)\
+{\
+  size_t X = S >> TREEBIN_SHIFT;\
+  if (X == 0)\
+    I = 0;\
+  else if (X > 0xFFFF)\
+    I = NTREEBINS-1;\
+  else {\
+    unsigned int K;\
+    _BitScanReverse((DWORD *) &K, X);\
+    I =  (bindex_t)((K << 1) + ((S >> (K + (TREEBIN_SHIFT-1)) & 1)));\
+  }\
+}
+
+#else /* GNUC */
+#define compute_tree_index(S, I)\
+{\
+  size_t X = S >> TREEBIN_SHIFT;\
+  if (X == 0)\
+    I = 0;\
+  else if (X > 0xFFFF)\
+    I = NTREEBINS-1;\
+  else {\
+    unsigned int Y = (unsigned int)X;\
+    unsigned int N = ((Y - 0x100) >> 16) & 8;\
+    unsigned int K = (((Y <<= N) - 0x1000) >> 16) & 4;\
+    N += K;\
+    N += K = (((Y <<= K) - 0x4000) >> 16) & 2;\
+    K = 14 - N + ((Y <<= K) >> 15);\
+    I = (K << 1) + ((S >> (K + (TREEBIN_SHIFT-1)) & 1));\
+  }\
+}
+#endif /* GNUC */
+
+/* Bit representing maximum resolved size in a treebin at i */
+#define bit_for_tree_index(i) \
+   (i == NTREEBINS-1)? (SIZE_T_BITSIZE-1) : (((i) >> 1) + TREEBIN_SHIFT - 2)
+
+/* Shift placing maximum resolved bit in a treebin at i as sign bit */
+#define leftshift_for_tree_index(i) \
+   ((i == NTREEBINS-1)? 0 : \
+    ((SIZE_T_BITSIZE-SIZE_T_ONE) - (((i) >> 1) + TREEBIN_SHIFT - 2)))
+
+/* The size of the smallest chunk held in bin with index i */
+#define minsize_for_tree_index(i) \
+   ((SIZE_T_ONE << (((i) >> 1) + TREEBIN_SHIFT)) |  \
+   (((size_t)((i) & SIZE_T_ONE)) << (((i) >> 1) + TREEBIN_SHIFT - 1)))
+
+
+/* ------------------------ Operations on bin maps ----------------------- */
+
+/* bit corresponding to given index */
+#define idx2bit(i)              ((binmap_t)(1) << (i))
+
+/* Mark/Clear bits with given index */
+#define mark_smallmap(M,i)      ((M)->smallmap |=  idx2bit(i))
+#define clear_smallmap(M,i)     ((M)->smallmap &= ~idx2bit(i))
+#define smallmap_is_marked(M,i) ((M)->smallmap &   idx2bit(i))
+
+#define mark_treemap(M,i)       ((M)->treemap  |=  idx2bit(i))
+#define clear_treemap(M,i)      ((M)->treemap  &= ~idx2bit(i))
+#define treemap_is_marked(M,i)  ((M)->treemap  &   idx2bit(i))
+
+/* isolate the least set bit of a bitmap */
+#define least_bit(x)         ((x) & -(x))
+
+/* mask with all bits to left of least bit of x on */
+#define left_bits(x)         ((x<<1) | -(x<<1))
+
+/* mask with all bits to left of or equal to least bit of x on */
+#define same_or_left_bits(x) ((x) | -(x))
+
+/* index corresponding to given bit. Use x86 asm if possible */
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
+#define compute_bit2idx(X, I)\
+{\
+  unsigned int J;\
+  __asm__("bsfl\t%1, %0\n\t" : "=r" (J) : "rm" (X));\
+  I = (bindex_t)J;\
+}
+
+#elif defined (__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define compute_bit2idx(X, I)\
+{\
+  unsigned int J;\
+  J = _bit_scan_forward (X); \
+  I = (bindex_t)J;\
+}
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300
+#define compute_bit2idx(X, I)\
+{\
+  unsigned int J;\
+  _BitScanForward((DWORD *) &J, X);\
+  I = (bindex_t)J;\
+}
+
+#elif USE_BUILTIN_FFS
+#define compute_bit2idx(X, I) I = ffs(X)-1
+
+#else
+#define compute_bit2idx(X, I)\
+{\
+  unsigned int Y = X - 1;\
+  unsigned int K = Y >> (16-4) & 16;\
+  unsigned int N = K;        Y >>= K;\
+  N += K = Y >> (8-3) &  8;  Y >>= K;\
+  N += K = Y >> (4-2) &  4;  Y >>= K;\
+  N += K = Y >> (2-1) &  2;  Y >>= K;\
+  N += K = Y >> (1-0) &  1;  Y >>= K;\
+  I = (bindex_t)(N + Y);\
+}
+#endif /* GNUC */
+
+
+/* ----------------------- Runtime Check Support ------------------------- */
+
+/*
+  For security, the main invariant is that malloc/free/etc never
+  writes to a static address other than malloc_state, unless static
+  malloc_state itself has been corrupted, which cannot occur via
+  malloc (because of these checks). In essence this means that we
+  believe all pointers, sizes, maps etc held in malloc_state, but
+  check all of those linked or offsetted from other embedded data
+  structures.  These checks are interspersed with main code in a way
+  that tends to minimize their run-time cost.
+
+  When FOOTERS is defined, in addition to range checking, we also
+  verify footer fields of inuse chunks, which can be used guarantee
+  that the mstate controlling malloc/free is intact.  This is a
+  streamlined version of the approach described by William Robertson
+  et al in "Run-time Detection of Heap-based Overflows" LISA'03
+  http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa03/tech/robertson.html The footer
+  of an inuse chunk holds the xor of its mstate and a random seed,
+  that is checked upon calls to free() and realloc().  This is
+  (probablistically) unguessable from outside the program, but can be
+  computed by any code successfully malloc'ing any chunk, so does not
+  itself provide protection against code that has already broken
+  security through some other means.  Unlike Robertson et al, we
+  always dynamically check addresses of all offset chunks (previous,
+  next, etc). This turns out to be cheaper than relying on hashes.
+*/
+
+#if !INSECURE
+/* Check if address a is at least as high as any from MORECORE or MMAP */
+#define ok_address(M, a) ((char*)(a) >= (M)->least_addr)
+/* Check if address of next chunk n is higher than base chunk p */
+#define ok_next(p, n)    ((char*)(p) < (char*)(n))
+/* Check if p has its cinuse bit on */
+#define ok_cinuse(p)     cinuse(p)
+/* Check if p has its pinuse bit on */
+#define ok_pinuse(p)     pinuse(p)
+
+#else /* !INSECURE */
+#define ok_address(M, a) (1)
+#define ok_next(b, n)    (1)
+#define ok_cinuse(p)     (1)
+#define ok_pinuse(p)     (1)
+#endif /* !INSECURE */
+
+#if (FOOTERS && !INSECURE)
+/* Check if (alleged) mstate m has expected magic field */
+#define ok_magic(M)      ((M)->magic == mparams.magic)
+#else  /* (FOOTERS && !INSECURE) */
+#define ok_magic(M)      (1)
+#endif /* (FOOTERS && !INSECURE) */
+
+
+/* In gcc, use __builtin_expect to minimize impact of checks */
+#if !INSECURE
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3
+#define RTCHECK(e)  __builtin_expect(e, 1)
+#else /* GNUC */
+#define RTCHECK(e)  (e)
+#endif /* GNUC */
+#else /* !INSECURE */
+#define RTCHECK(e)  (1)
+#endif /* !INSECURE */
+
+/* macros to set up inuse chunks with or without footers */
+
+#if !FOOTERS
+
+#define mark_inuse_foot(M,p,s)
+
+/* Set cinuse bit and pinuse bit of next chunk */
+#define set_inuse(M,p,s)\
+  ((p)->head = (((p)->head & PINUSE_BIT)|s|CINUSE_BIT),\
+  ((mchunkptr)(((char*)(p)) + (s)))->head |= PINUSE_BIT)
+
+/* Set cinuse and pinuse of this chunk and pinuse of next chunk */
+#define set_inuse_and_pinuse(M,p,s)\
+  ((p)->head = (s|PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT),\
+  ((mchunkptr)(((char*)(p)) + (s)))->head |= PINUSE_BIT)
+
+/* Set size, cinuse and pinuse bit of this chunk */
+#define set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(M, p, s)\
+  ((p)->head = (s|PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT))
+
+#else /* FOOTERS */
+
+/* Set foot of inuse chunk to be xor of mstate and seed */
+#define mark_inuse_foot(M,p,s)\
+  (((mchunkptr)((char*)(p) + (s)))->prev_foot = ((size_t)(M) ^ mparams.magic))
+
+#define get_mstate_for(p)\
+  ((mstate)(((mchunkptr)((char*)(p) +\
+    (chunksize(p))))->prev_foot ^ mparams.magic))
+
+#define set_inuse(M,p,s)\
+  ((p)->head = (((p)->head & PINUSE_BIT)|s|CINUSE_BIT),\
+  (((mchunkptr)(((char*)(p)) + (s)))->head |= PINUSE_BIT), \
+  mark_inuse_foot(M,p,s))
+
+#define set_inuse_and_pinuse(M,p,s)\
+  ((p)->head = (s|PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT),\
+  (((mchunkptr)(((char*)(p)) + (s)))->head |= PINUSE_BIT),\
+ mark_inuse_foot(M,p,s))
+
+#define set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(M, p, s)\
+  ((p)->head = (s|PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT),\
+  mark_inuse_foot(M, p, s))
+
+#endif /* !FOOTERS */
+
+/* ---------------------------- setting mparams -------------------------- */
+
+/* Initialize mparams */
+static int init_mparams(void) {
+#ifdef NEED_GLOBAL_LOCK_INIT
+  if (malloc_global_mutex_status <= 0)
+    init_malloc_global_mutex();
+#endif
+
+  ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+  if (mparams.magic == 0) {
+    size_t magic;
+    size_t psize;
+    size_t gsize;
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+    psize = malloc_getpagesize;
+    gsize = ((DEFAULT_GRANULARITY != 0)? DEFAULT_GRANULARITY : psize);
+#else /* WIN32 */
+    {
+      SYSTEM_INFO system_info;
+      GetSystemInfo(&system_info);
+      psize = system_info.dwPageSize;
+      gsize = ((DEFAULT_GRANULARITY != 0)?
+	       DEFAULT_GRANULARITY : system_info.dwAllocationGranularity);
+    }
+#endif /* WIN32 */
+
+    /* Sanity-check configuration:
+       size_t must be unsigned and as wide as pointer type.
+       ints must be at least 4 bytes.
+       alignment must be at least 8.
+       Alignment, min chunk size, and page size must all be powers of 2.
+    */
+    if ((sizeof(size_t) != sizeof(char*)) ||
+	(MAX_SIZE_T < MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)  ||
+	(sizeof(int) < 4)  ||
+	(MALLOC_ALIGNMENT < (size_t)8U) ||
+	((MALLOC_ALIGNMENT & (MALLOC_ALIGNMENT-SIZE_T_ONE)) != 0) ||
+	((MCHUNK_SIZE      & (MCHUNK_SIZE-SIZE_T_ONE))      != 0) ||
+	((gsize            & (gsize-SIZE_T_ONE))            != 0) ||
+	((psize            & (psize-SIZE_T_ONE))            != 0))
+      ABORT;
+
+    mparams.granularity = gsize;
+    mparams.page_size = psize;
+    mparams.mmap_threshold = DEFAULT_MMAP_THRESHOLD;
+    mparams.trim_threshold = DEFAULT_TRIM_THRESHOLD;
+#if MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS
+    mparams.default_mflags = USE_LOCK_BIT|USE_MMAP_BIT;
+#else  /* MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS */
+    mparams.default_mflags = USE_LOCK_BIT|USE_MMAP_BIT|USE_NONCONTIGUOUS_BIT;
+#endif /* MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS */
+
+#if !ONLY_MSPACES
+    /* Set up lock for main malloc area */
+    gm->mflags = mparams.default_mflags;
+    INITIAL_LOCK(&gm->mutex);
+#endif
+
+#if (FOOTERS && !INSECURE)
+    {
+#if USE_DEV_RANDOM
+      int fd;
+      unsigned char buf[sizeof(size_t)];
+      /* Try to use /dev/urandom, else fall back on using time */
+      if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY)) >= 0 &&
+	  read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) == sizeof(buf)) {
+	magic = *((size_t *) buf);
+	close(fd);
+      }
+      else
+#endif /* USE_DEV_RANDOM */
+#ifdef WIN32
+	magic = (size_t)(GetTickCount() ^ (size_t)0x55555555U);
+#else
+      magic = (size_t)(time(0) ^ (size_t)0x55555555U);
+#endif
+      magic |= (size_t)8U;    /* ensure nonzero */
+      magic &= ~(size_t)7U;   /* improve chances of fault for bad values */
+    }
+#else /* (FOOTERS && !INSECURE) */
+    magic = (size_t)0x58585858U;
+#endif /* (FOOTERS && !INSECURE) */
+
+    mparams.magic = magic;
+  }
+
+  RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* support for mallopt */
+static int change_mparam(int param_number, int value) {
+  size_t val = (value == -1)? MAX_SIZE_T : (size_t)value;
+  ensure_initialization();
+  switch(param_number) {
+  case M_TRIM_THRESHOLD:
+    mparams.trim_threshold = val;
+    return 1;
+  case M_GRANULARITY:
+    if (val >= mparams.page_size && ((val & (val-1)) == 0)) {
+      mparams.granularity = val;
+      return 1;
+    }
+    else
+      return 0;
+  case M_MMAP_THRESHOLD:
+    mparams.mmap_threshold = val;
+    return 1;
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#if DEBUG
+/* ------------------------- Debugging Support --------------------------- */
+
+/* Check properties of any chunk, whether free, inuse, mmapped etc  */
+static void do_check_any_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p) {
+  assert((is_aligned(chunk2mem(p))) || (p->head == FENCEPOST_HEAD));
+  assert(ok_address(m, p));
+}
+
+/* Check properties of top chunk */
+static void do_check_top_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p) {
+  msegmentptr sp = segment_holding(m, (char*)p);
+  size_t  sz = p->head & ~INUSE_BITS; /* third-lowest bit can be set! */
+  assert(sp != 0);
+  assert((is_aligned(chunk2mem(p))) || (p->head == FENCEPOST_HEAD));
+  assert(ok_address(m, p));
+  assert(sz == m->topsize);
+  assert(sz > 0);
+  assert(sz == ((sp->base + sp->size) - (char*)p) - TOP_FOOT_SIZE);
+  assert(pinuse(p));
+  assert(!pinuse(chunk_plus_offset(p, sz)));
+}
+
+/* Check properties of (inuse) mmapped chunks */
+static void do_check_mmapped_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p) {
+  size_t  sz = chunksize(p);
+  size_t len = (sz + (p->prev_foot & ~IS_MMAPPED_BIT) + MMAP_FOOT_PAD);
+  assert(is_mmapped(p));
+  assert(use_mmap(m));
+  assert((is_aligned(chunk2mem(p))) || (p->head == FENCEPOST_HEAD));
+  assert(ok_address(m, p));
+  assert(!is_small(sz));
+  assert((len & (mparams.page_size-SIZE_T_ONE)) == 0);
+  assert(chunk_plus_offset(p, sz)->head == FENCEPOST_HEAD);
+  assert(chunk_plus_offset(p, sz+SIZE_T_SIZE)->head == 0);
+}
+
+/* Check properties of inuse chunks */
+static void do_check_inuse_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p) {
+  do_check_any_chunk(m, p);
+  assert(cinuse(p));
+  assert(next_pinuse(p));
+  /* If not pinuse and not mmapped, previous chunk has OK offset */
+  assert(is_mmapped(p) || pinuse(p) || next_chunk(prev_chunk(p)) == p);
+  if (is_mmapped(p))
+    do_check_mmapped_chunk(m, p);
+}
+
+/* Check properties of free chunks */
+static void do_check_free_chunk(mstate m, mchunkptr p) {
+  size_t sz = chunksize(p);
+  mchunkptr next = chunk_plus_offset(p, sz);
+  do_check_any_chunk(m, p);
+  assert(!cinuse(p));
+  assert(!next_pinuse(p));
+  assert (!is_mmapped(p));
+  if (p != m->dv && p != m->top) {
+    if (sz >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+      assert((sz & CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK) == 0);
+      assert(is_aligned(chunk2mem(p)));
+      assert(next->prev_foot == sz);
+      assert(pinuse(p));
+      assert (next == m->top || cinuse(next));
+      assert(p->fd->bk == p);
+      assert(p->bk->fd == p);
+    }
+    else  /* markers are always of size SIZE_T_SIZE */
+      assert(sz == SIZE_T_SIZE);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Check properties of malloced chunks at the point they are malloced */
+static void do_check_malloced_chunk(mstate m, void* mem, size_t s) {
+  if (mem != 0) {
+    mchunkptr p = mem2chunk(mem);
+    size_t sz = p->head & ~(PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT);
+    do_check_inuse_chunk(m, p);
+    assert((sz & CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK) == 0);
+    assert(sz >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    assert(sz >= s);
+    /* unless mmapped, size is less than MIN_CHUNK_SIZE more than request */
+    assert(is_mmapped(p) || sz < (s + MIN_CHUNK_SIZE));
+  }
+}
+
+/* Check a tree and its subtrees.  */
+static void do_check_tree(mstate m, tchunkptr t) {
+  tchunkptr head = 0;
+  tchunkptr u = t;
+  bindex_t tindex = t->index;
+  size_t tsize = chunksize(t);
+  bindex_t idx;
+  compute_tree_index(tsize, idx);
+  assert(tindex == idx);
+  assert(tsize >= MIN_LARGE_SIZE);
+  assert(tsize >= minsize_for_tree_index(idx));
+  assert((idx == NTREEBINS-1) || (tsize < minsize_for_tree_index((idx+1))));
+
+  do { /* traverse through chain of same-sized nodes */
+    do_check_any_chunk(m, ((mchunkptr)u));
+    assert(u->index == tindex);
+    assert(chunksize(u) == tsize);
+    assert(!cinuse(u));
+    assert(!next_pinuse(u));
+    assert(u->fd->bk == u);
+    assert(u->bk->fd == u);
+    if (u->parent == 0) {
+      assert(u->child[0] == 0);
+      assert(u->child[1] == 0);
+    }
+    else {
+      assert(head == 0); /* only one node on chain has parent */
+      head = u;
+      assert(u->parent != u);
+      assert (u->parent->child[0] == u ||
+	      u->parent->child[1] == u ||
+	      *((tbinptr*)(u->parent)) == u);
+      if (u->child[0] != 0) {
+	assert(u->child[0]->parent == u);
+	assert(u->child[0] != u);
+	do_check_tree(m, u->child[0]);
+      }
+      if (u->child[1] != 0) {
+	assert(u->child[1]->parent == u);
+	assert(u->child[1] != u);
+	do_check_tree(m, u->child[1]);
+      }
+      if (u->child[0] != 0 && u->child[1] != 0) {
+	assert(chunksize(u->child[0]) < chunksize(u->child[1]));
+      }
+    }
+    u = u->fd;
+  } while (u != t);
+  assert(head != 0);
+}
+
+/*  Check all the chunks in a treebin.  */
+static void do_check_treebin(mstate m, bindex_t i) {
+  tbinptr* tb = treebin_at(m, i);
+  tchunkptr t = *tb;
+  int empty = (m->treemap & (1U << i)) == 0;
+  if (t == 0)
+    assert(empty);
+  if (!empty)
+    do_check_tree(m, t);
+}
+
+/*  Check all the chunks in a smallbin.  */
+static void do_check_smallbin(mstate m, bindex_t i) {
+  sbinptr b = smallbin_at(m, i);
+  mchunkptr p = b->bk;
+  unsigned int empty = (m->smallmap & (1U << i)) == 0;
+  if (p == b)
+    assert(empty);
+  if (!empty) {
+    for (; p != b; p = p->bk) {
+      size_t size = chunksize(p);
+      mchunkptr q;
+      /* each chunk claims to be free */
+      do_check_free_chunk(m, p);
+      /* chunk belongs in bin */
+      assert(small_index(size) == i);
+      assert(p->bk == b || chunksize(p->bk) == chunksize(p));
+      /* chunk is followed by an inuse chunk */
+      q = next_chunk(p);
+      if (q->head != FENCEPOST_HEAD)
+	do_check_inuse_chunk(m, q);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Find x in a bin. Used in other check functions. */
+static int bin_find(mstate m, mchunkptr x) {
+  size_t size = chunksize(x);
+  if (is_small(size)) {
+    bindex_t sidx = small_index(size);
+    sbinptr b = smallbin_at(m, sidx);
+    if (smallmap_is_marked(m, sidx)) {
+      mchunkptr p = b;
+      do {
+	if (p == x)
+	  return 1;
+      } while ((p = p->fd) != b);
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    bindex_t tidx;
+    compute_tree_index(size, tidx);
+    if (treemap_is_marked(m, tidx)) {
+      tchunkptr t = *treebin_at(m, tidx);
+      size_t sizebits = size << leftshift_for_tree_index(tidx);
+      while (t != 0 && chunksize(t) != size) {
+	t = t->child[(sizebits >> (SIZE_T_BITSIZE-SIZE_T_ONE)) & 1];
+	sizebits <<= 1;
+      }
+      if (t != 0) {
+	tchunkptr u = t;
+	do {
+	  if (u == (tchunkptr)x)
+	    return 1;
+	} while ((u = u->fd) != t);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Traverse each chunk and check it; return total */
+static size_t traverse_and_check(mstate m) {
+  size_t sum = 0;
+  if (is_initialized(m)) {
+    msegmentptr s = &m->seg;
+    sum += m->topsize + TOP_FOOT_SIZE;
+    while (s != 0) {
+      mchunkptr q = align_as_chunk(s->base);
+      mchunkptr lastq = 0;
+      assert(pinuse(q));
+      while (segment_holds(s, q) &&
+	     q != m->top && q->head != FENCEPOST_HEAD) {
+	sum += chunksize(q);
+	if (cinuse(q)) {
+	  assert(!bin_find(m, q));
+	  do_check_inuse_chunk(m, q);
+	}
+	else {
+	  assert(q == m->dv || bin_find(m, q));
+	  assert(lastq == 0 || cinuse(lastq)); /* Not 2 consecutive free */
+	  do_check_free_chunk(m, q);
+	}
+	lastq = q;
+	q = next_chunk(q);
+      }
+      s = s->next;
+    }
+  }
+  return sum;
+}
+
+/* Check all properties of malloc_state. */
+static void do_check_malloc_state(mstate m) {
+  bindex_t i;
+  size_t total;
+  /* check bins */
+  for (i = 0; i < NSMALLBINS; ++i)
+    do_check_smallbin(m, i);
+  for (i = 0; i < NTREEBINS; ++i)
+    do_check_treebin(m, i);
+
+  if (m->dvsize != 0) { /* check dv chunk */
+    do_check_any_chunk(m, m->dv);
+    assert(m->dvsize == chunksize(m->dv));
+    assert(m->dvsize >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    assert(bin_find(m, m->dv) == 0);
+  }
+
+  if (m->top != 0) {   /* check top chunk */
+    do_check_top_chunk(m, m->top);
+    /*assert(m->topsize == chunksize(m->top)); redundant */
+    assert(m->topsize > 0);
+    assert(bin_find(m, m->top) == 0);
+  }
+
+  total = traverse_and_check(m);
+  assert(total <= m->footprint);
+  assert(m->footprint <= m->max_footprint);
+}
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+/* ----------------------------- statistics ------------------------------ */
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+static struct mallinfo internal_mallinfo(mstate m) {
+  struct mallinfo nm = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+  ensure_initialization();
+  if (!PREACTION(m)) {
+    check_malloc_state(m);
+    if (is_initialized(m)) {
+      size_t nfree = SIZE_T_ONE; /* top always free */
+      size_t mfree = m->topsize + TOP_FOOT_SIZE;
+      size_t sum = mfree;
+      msegmentptr s = &m->seg;
+      while (s != 0) {
+	mchunkptr q = align_as_chunk(s->base);
+	while (segment_holds(s, q) &&
+	       q != m->top && q->head != FENCEPOST_HEAD) {
+	  size_t sz = chunksize(q);
+	  sum += sz;
+	  if (!cinuse(q)) {
+	    mfree += sz;
+	    ++nfree;
+	  }
+	  q = next_chunk(q);
+	}
+	s = s->next;
+      }
+
+      nm.arena    = sum;
+      nm.ordblks  = nfree;
+      nm.hblkhd   = m->footprint - sum;
+      nm.usmblks  = m->max_footprint;
+      nm.uordblks = m->footprint - mfree;
+      nm.fordblks = mfree;
+      nm.keepcost = m->topsize;
+    }
+
+    POSTACTION(m);
+  }
+  return nm;
+}
+#endif /* !NO_MALLINFO */
+
+static void internal_malloc_stats(mstate m) {
+  ensure_initialization();
+  if (!PREACTION(m)) {
+    size_t maxfp = 0;
+    size_t fp = 0;
+    size_t used = 0;
+    check_malloc_state(m);
+    if (is_initialized(m)) {
+      msegmentptr s = &m->seg;
+      maxfp = m->max_footprint;
+      fp = m->footprint;
+      used = fp - (m->topsize + TOP_FOOT_SIZE);
+
+      while (s != 0) {
+	mchunkptr q = align_as_chunk(s->base);
+	while (segment_holds(s, q) &&
+	       q != m->top && q->head != FENCEPOST_HEAD) {
+	  if (!cinuse(q))
+	    used -= chunksize(q);
+	  q = next_chunk(q);
+	}
+	s = s->next;
+      }
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "max system bytes = %10lu\n", (unsigned long)(maxfp));
+    fprintf(stderr, "system bytes     = %10lu\n", (unsigned long)(fp));
+    fprintf(stderr, "in use bytes     = %10lu\n", (unsigned long)(used));
+
+    POSTACTION(m);
+  }
+}
+
+/* ----------------------- Operations on smallbins ----------------------- */
+
+/*
+  Various forms of linking and unlinking are defined as macros.  Even
+  the ones for trees, which are very long but have very short typical
+  paths.  This is ugly but reduces reliance on inlining support of
+  compilers.
+*/
+
+/* Link a free chunk into a smallbin  */
+#define insert_small_chunk(M, P, S) {\
+  bindex_t I  = small_index(S);\
+  mchunkptr B = smallbin_at(M, I);\
+  mchunkptr F = B;\
+  assert(S >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE);\
+  if (!smallmap_is_marked(M, I))\
+    mark_smallmap(M, I);\
+  else if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, B->fd)))\
+    F = B->fd;\
+  else {\
+    CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+  }\
+  B->fd = P;\
+  F->bk = P;\
+  P->fd = F;\
+  P->bk = B;\
+}
+
+/* Unlink a chunk from a smallbin  */
+#define unlink_small_chunk(M, P, S) {\
+  mchunkptr F = P->fd;\
+  mchunkptr B = P->bk;\
+  bindex_t I = small_index(S);\
+  assert(P != B);\
+  assert(P != F);\
+  assert(chunksize(P) == small_index2size(I));\
+  if (F == B)\
+    clear_smallmap(M, I);\
+  else if (RTCHECK((F == smallbin_at(M,I) || ok_address(M, F)) &&\
+		   (B == smallbin_at(M,I) || ok_address(M, B)))) {\
+    F->bk = B;\
+    B->fd = F;\
+  }\
+  else {\
+    CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+  }\
+}
+
+/* Unlink the first chunk from a smallbin */
+#define unlink_first_small_chunk(M, B, P, I) {\
+  mchunkptr F = P->fd;\
+  assert(P != B);\
+  assert(P != F);\
+  assert(chunksize(P) == small_index2size(I));\
+  if (B == F)\
+    clear_smallmap(M, I);\
+  else if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, F))) {\
+    B->fd = F;\
+    F->bk = B;\
+  }\
+  else {\
+    CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+  }\
+}
+
+
+
+/* Replace dv node, binning the old one */
+/* Used only when dvsize known to be small */
+#define replace_dv(M, P, S) {\
+  size_t DVS = M->dvsize;\
+  if (DVS != 0) {\
+    mchunkptr DV = M->dv;\
+    assert(is_small(DVS));\
+    insert_small_chunk(M, DV, DVS);\
+  }\
+  M->dvsize = S;\
+  M->dv = P;\
+}
+
+/* ------------------------- Operations on trees ------------------------- */
+
+/* Insert chunk into tree */
+#define insert_large_chunk(M, X, S) {\
+  tbinptr* H;\
+  bindex_t I;\
+  compute_tree_index(S, I);\
+  H = treebin_at(M, I);\
+  X->index = I;\
+  X->child[0] = X->child[1] = 0;\
+  if (!treemap_is_marked(M, I)) {\
+    mark_treemap(M, I);\
+    *H = X;\
+    X->parent = (tchunkptr)H;\
+    X->fd = X->bk = X;\
+  }\
+  else {\
+    tchunkptr T = *H;\
+    size_t K = S << leftshift_for_tree_index(I);\
+    for (;;) {\
+      if (chunksize(T) != S) {\
+	tchunkptr* C = &(T->child[(K >> (SIZE_T_BITSIZE-SIZE_T_ONE)) & 1]);\
+	K <<= 1;\
+	if (*C != 0)\
+	  T = *C;\
+	else if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, C))) {\
+	  *C = X;\
+	  X->parent = T;\
+	  X->fd = X->bk = X;\
+	  break;\
+	}\
+	else {\
+	  CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+	  break;\
+	}\
+      }\
+      else {\
+	tchunkptr F = T->fd;\
+	if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, T) && ok_address(M, F))) {\
+	  T->fd = F->bk = X;\
+	  X->fd = F;\
+	  X->bk = T;\
+	  X->parent = 0;\
+	  break;\
+	}\
+	else {\
+	  CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+	  break;\
+	}\
+      }\
+    }\
+  }\
+}
+
+/*
+  Unlink steps:
+
+  1. If x is a chained node, unlink it from its same-sized fd/bk links
+     and choose its bk node as its replacement.
+  2. If x was the last node of its size, but not a leaf node, it must
+     be replaced with a leaf node (not merely one with an open left or
+     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendents
+     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendent
+     of x.  We could use any other leaf, but this is easy to locate and
+     tends to counteract removal of leftmosts elsewhere, and so keeps
+     paths shorter than minimally guaranteed.  This doesn't loop much
+     because on average a node in a tree is near the bottom.
+  3. If x is the base of a chain (i.e., has parent links) relink
+     x's parent and children to x's replacement (or null if none).
+*/
+
+#define unlink_large_chunk(M, X) {\
+  tchunkptr XP = X->parent;\
+  tchunkptr R;\
+  if (X->bk != X) {\
+    tchunkptr F = X->fd;\
+    R = X->bk;\
+    if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, F))) {\
+      F->bk = R;\
+      R->fd = F;\
+    }\
+    else {\
+      CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+    }\
+  }\
+  else {\
+    tchunkptr* RP;\
+    if (((R = *(RP = &(X->child[1]))) != 0) ||\
+	((R = *(RP = &(X->child[0]))) != 0)) {\
+      tchunkptr* CP;\
+      while ((*(CP = &(R->child[1])) != 0) ||\
+	     (*(CP = &(R->child[0])) != 0)) {\
+	R = *(RP = CP);\
+      }\
+      if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, RP)))\
+	*RP = 0;\
+      else {\
+	CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+      }\
+    }\
+  }\
+  if (XP != 0) {\
+    tbinptr* H = treebin_at(M, X->index);\
+    if (X == *H) {\
+      if ((*H = R) == 0) \
+	clear_treemap(M, X->index);\
+    }\
+    else if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, XP))) {\
+      if (XP->child[0] == X) \
+	XP->child[0] = R;\
+      else \
+	XP->child[1] = R;\
+    }\
+    else\
+      CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+    if (R != 0) {\
+      if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, R))) {\
+	tchunkptr C0, C1;\
+	R->parent = XP;\
+	if ((C0 = X->child[0]) != 0) {\
+	  if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, C0))) {\
+	    R->child[0] = C0;\
+	    C0->parent = R;\
+	  }\
+	  else\
+	    CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+	}\
+	if ((C1 = X->child[1]) != 0) {\
+	  if (RTCHECK(ok_address(M, C1))) {\
+	    R->child[1] = C1;\
+	    C1->parent = R;\
+	  }\
+	  else\
+	    CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+	}\
+      }\
+      else\
+	CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(M);\
+    }\
+  }\
+}
+
+/* Relays to large vs small bin operations */
+
+#define insert_chunk(M, P, S)\
+  if (is_small(S)) insert_small_chunk(M, P, S)\
+  else { tchunkptr TP = (tchunkptr)(P); insert_large_chunk(M, TP, S); }
+
+#define unlink_chunk(M, P, S)\
+  if (is_small(S)) unlink_small_chunk(M, P, S)\
+  else { tchunkptr TP = (tchunkptr)(P); unlink_large_chunk(M, TP); }
+
+
+/* Relays to internal calls to malloc/free from realloc, memalign etc */
+
+#if ONLY_MSPACES
+#define internal_malloc(m, b) mspace_malloc(m, b)
+#define internal_free(m, mem) mspace_free(m,mem);
+#else /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+#if MSPACES
+#define internal_malloc(m, b)\
+   (m == gm)? dlmalloc(b) : mspace_malloc(m, b)
+#define internal_free(m, mem)\
+   if (m == gm) dlfree(mem); else mspace_free(m,mem);
+#else /* MSPACES */
+#define internal_malloc(m, b) dlmalloc(b)
+#define internal_free(m, mem) dlfree(mem)
+#endif /* MSPACES */
+#endif /* ONLY_MSPACES */
+
+/* -----------------------  Direct-mmapping chunks ----------------------- */
+
+/*
+  Directly mmapped chunks are set up with an offset to the start of
+  the mmapped region stored in the prev_foot field of the chunk. This
+  allows reconstruction of the required argument to MUNMAP when freed,
+  and also allows adjustment of the returned chunk to meet alignment
+  requirements (especially in memalign).  There is also enough space
+  allocated to hold a fake next chunk of size SIZE_T_SIZE to maintain
+  the PINUSE bit so frees can be checked.
+*/
+
+/* Malloc using mmap */
+static void* mmap_alloc(mstate m, size_t nb) {
+  size_t mmsize = mmap_align(nb + SIX_SIZE_T_SIZES + CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK);
+  if (mmsize > nb) {     /* Check for wrap around 0 */
+    char* mm = (char*)(CALL_DIRECT_MMAP(mmsize));
+    if (mm != CMFAIL) {
+      size_t offset = align_offset(chunk2mem(mm));
+      size_t psize = mmsize - offset - MMAP_FOOT_PAD;
+      mchunkptr p = (mchunkptr)(mm + offset);
+      p->prev_foot = offset | IS_MMAPPED_BIT;
+      (p)->head = (psize|CINUSE_BIT);
+      mark_inuse_foot(m, p, psize);
+      chunk_plus_offset(p, psize)->head = FENCEPOST_HEAD;
+      chunk_plus_offset(p, psize+SIZE_T_SIZE)->head = 0;
+
+      if (mm < m->least_addr)
+	m->least_addr = mm;
+      if ((m->footprint += mmsize) > m->max_footprint)
+	m->max_footprint = m->footprint;
+      assert(is_aligned(chunk2mem(p)));
+      check_mmapped_chunk(m, p);
+      return chunk2mem(p);
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Realloc using mmap */
+static mchunkptr mmap_resize(mstate m, mchunkptr oldp, size_t nb) {
+  size_t oldsize = chunksize(oldp);
+  if (is_small(nb)) /* Can't shrink mmap regions below small size */
+    return 0;
+  /* Keep old chunk if big enough but not too big */
+  if (oldsize >= nb + SIZE_T_SIZE &&
+      (oldsize - nb) <= (mparams.granularity << 1))
+    return oldp;
+  else {
+    size_t offset = oldp->prev_foot & ~IS_MMAPPED_BIT;
+    size_t oldmmsize = oldsize + offset + MMAP_FOOT_PAD;
+    size_t newmmsize = mmap_align(nb + SIX_SIZE_T_SIZES + CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK);
+    char* cp = (char*)CALL_MREMAP((char*)oldp - offset,
+				  oldmmsize, newmmsize, 1);
+    if (cp != CMFAIL) {
+      mchunkptr newp = (mchunkptr)(cp + offset);
+      size_t psize = newmmsize - offset - MMAP_FOOT_PAD;
+      newp->head = (psize|CINUSE_BIT);
+      mark_inuse_foot(m, newp, psize);
+      chunk_plus_offset(newp, psize)->head = FENCEPOST_HEAD;
+      chunk_plus_offset(newp, psize+SIZE_T_SIZE)->head = 0;
+
+      if (cp < m->least_addr)
+	m->least_addr = cp;
+      if ((m->footprint += newmmsize - oldmmsize) > m->max_footprint)
+	m->max_footprint = m->footprint;
+      check_mmapped_chunk(m, newp);
+      return newp;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* -------------------------- mspace management -------------------------- */
+
+/* Initialize top chunk and its size */
+static void init_top(mstate m, mchunkptr p, size_t psize) {
+  /* Ensure alignment */
+  size_t offset = align_offset(chunk2mem(p));
+  p = (mchunkptr)((char*)p + offset);
+  psize -= offset;
+
+  m->top = p;
+  m->topsize = psize;
+  p->head = psize | PINUSE_BIT;
+  /* set size of fake trailing chunk holding overhead space only once */
+  chunk_plus_offset(p, psize)->head = TOP_FOOT_SIZE;
+  m->trim_check = mparams.trim_threshold; /* reset on each update */
+}
+
+/* Initialize bins for a new mstate that is otherwise zeroed out */
+static void init_bins(mstate m) {
+  /* Establish circular links for smallbins */
+  bindex_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < NSMALLBINS; ++i) {
+    sbinptr bin = smallbin_at(m,i);
+    bin->fd = bin->bk = bin;
+  }
+}
+
+#if PROCEED_ON_ERROR
+
+/* default corruption action */
+static void reset_on_error(mstate m) {
+  int i;
+  ++malloc_corruption_error_count;
+  /* Reinitialize fields to forget about all memory */
+  m->smallbins = m->treebins = 0;
+  m->dvsize = m->topsize = 0;
+  m->seg.base = 0;
+  m->seg.size = 0;
+  m->seg.next = 0;
+  m->top = m->dv = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < NTREEBINS; ++i)
+    *treebin_at(m, i) = 0;
+  init_bins(m);
+}
+#endif /* PROCEED_ON_ERROR */
+
+/* Allocate chunk and prepend remainder with chunk in successor base. */
+static void* prepend_alloc(mstate m, char* newbase, char* oldbase,
+			   size_t nb) {
+  mchunkptr p = align_as_chunk(newbase);
+  mchunkptr oldfirst = align_as_chunk(oldbase);
+  size_t psize = (char*)oldfirst - (char*)p;
+  mchunkptr q = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+  size_t qsize = psize - nb;
+  set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, p, nb);
+
+  assert((char*)oldfirst > (char*)q);
+  assert(pinuse(oldfirst));
+  assert(qsize >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE);
+
+  /* consolidate remainder with first chunk of old base */
+  if (oldfirst == m->top) {
+    size_t tsize = m->topsize += qsize;
+    m->top = q;
+    q->head = tsize | PINUSE_BIT;
+    check_top_chunk(m, q);
+  }
+  else if (oldfirst == m->dv) {
+    size_t dsize = m->dvsize += qsize;
+    m->dv = q;
+    set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(q, dsize);
+  }
+  else {
+    if (!cinuse(oldfirst)) {
+      size_t nsize = chunksize(oldfirst);
+      unlink_chunk(m, oldfirst, nsize);
+      oldfirst = chunk_plus_offset(oldfirst, nsize);
+      qsize += nsize;
+    }
+    set_free_with_pinuse(q, qsize, oldfirst);
+    insert_chunk(m, q, qsize);
+    check_free_chunk(m, q);
+  }
+
+  check_malloced_chunk(m, chunk2mem(p), nb);
+  return chunk2mem(p);
+}
+
+/* Add a segment to hold a new noncontiguous region */
+static void add_segment(mstate m, char* tbase, size_t tsize, flag_t mmapped) {
+  /* Determine locations and sizes of segment, fenceposts, old top */
+  char* old_top = (char*)m->top;
+  msegmentptr oldsp = segment_holding(m, old_top);
+  char* old_end = oldsp->base + oldsp->size;
+  size_t ssize = pad_request(sizeof(struct malloc_segment));
+  char* rawsp = old_end - (ssize + FOUR_SIZE_T_SIZES + CHUNK_ALIGN_MASK);
+  size_t offset = align_offset(chunk2mem(rawsp));
+  char* asp = rawsp + offset;
+  char* csp = (asp < (old_top + MIN_CHUNK_SIZE))? old_top : asp;
+  mchunkptr sp = (mchunkptr)csp;
+  msegmentptr ss = (msegmentptr)(chunk2mem(sp));
+  mchunkptr tnext = chunk_plus_offset(sp, ssize);
+  mchunkptr p = tnext;
+  int nfences = 0;
+
+  /* reset top to new space */
+  init_top(m, (mchunkptr)tbase, tsize - TOP_FOOT_SIZE);
+
+  /* Set up segment record */
+  assert(is_aligned(ss));
+  set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, sp, ssize);
+  *ss = m->seg; /* Push current record */
+  m->seg.base = tbase;
+  m->seg.size = tsize;
+  m->seg.sflags = mmapped;
+  m->seg.next = ss;
+
+  /* Insert trailing fenceposts */
+  for (;;) {
+    mchunkptr nextp = chunk_plus_offset(p, SIZE_T_SIZE);
+    p->head = FENCEPOST_HEAD;
+    ++nfences;
+    if ((char*)(&(nextp->head)) < old_end)
+      p = nextp;
+    else
+      break;
+  }
+  assert(nfences >= 2);
+
+  /* Insert the rest of old top into a bin as an ordinary free chunk */
+  if (csp != old_top) {
+    mchunkptr q = (mchunkptr)old_top;
+    size_t psize = csp - old_top;
+    mchunkptr tn = chunk_plus_offset(q, psize);
+    set_free_with_pinuse(q, psize, tn);
+    insert_chunk(m, q, psize);
+  }
+
+  check_top_chunk(m, m->top);
+}
+
+/* -------------------------- System allocation -------------------------- */
+
+/* Get memory from system using MORECORE or MMAP */
+static void* sys_alloc(mstate m, size_t nb) {
+  char* tbase = CMFAIL;
+  size_t tsize = 0;
+  flag_t mmap_flag = 0;
+
+  ensure_initialization();
+
+  /* Directly map large chunks */
+  if (use_mmap(m) && nb >= mparams.mmap_threshold) {
+    void* mem = mmap_alloc(m, nb);
+    if (mem != 0)
+      return mem;
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Try getting memory in any of three ways (in most-preferred to
+    least-preferred order):
+    1. A call to MORECORE that can normally contiguously extend memory.
+       (disabled if not MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS or not HAVE_MORECORE or
+       or main space is mmapped or a previous contiguous call failed)
+    2. A call to MMAP new space (disabled if not HAVE_MMAP).
+       Note that under the default settings, if MORECORE is unable to
+       fulfill a request, and HAVE_MMAP is true, then mmap is
+       used as a noncontiguous system allocator. This is a useful backup
+       strategy for systems with holes in address spaces -- in this case
+       sbrk cannot contiguously expand the heap, but mmap may be able to
+       find space.
+    3. A call to MORECORE that cannot usually contiguously extend memory.
+       (disabled if not HAVE_MORECORE)
+
+   In all cases, we need to request enough bytes from system to ensure
+   we can malloc nb bytes upon success, so pad with enough space for
+   top_foot, plus alignment-pad to make sure we don't lose bytes if
+   not on boundary, and round this up to a granularity unit.
+  */
+
+  if (MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS && !use_noncontiguous(m)) {
+    char* br = CMFAIL;
+    msegmentptr ss = (m->top == 0)? 0 : segment_holding(m, (char*)m->top);
+    size_t asize = 0;
+    ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+
+    if (ss == 0) {  /* First time through or recovery */
+      char* base = (char*)CALL_MORECORE(0);
+      if (base != CMFAIL) {
+	asize = granularity_align(nb + SYS_ALLOC_PADDING);
+	/* Adjust to end on a page boundary */
+	if (!is_page_aligned(base))
+	  asize += (page_align((size_t)base) - (size_t)base);
+	/* Can't call MORECORE if size is negative when treated as signed */
+	if (asize < HALF_MAX_SIZE_T &&
+	    (br = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(asize))) == base) {
+	  tbase = base;
+	  tsize = asize;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      /* Subtract out existing available top space from MORECORE request. */
+      asize = granularity_align(nb - m->topsize + SYS_ALLOC_PADDING);
+      /* Use mem here only if it did continuously extend old space */
+      if (asize < HALF_MAX_SIZE_T &&
+	  (br = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(asize))) == ss->base+ss->size) {
+	tbase = br;
+	tsize = asize;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (tbase == CMFAIL) {    /* Cope with partial failure */
+      if (br != CMFAIL) {    /* Try to use/extend the space we did get */
+	if (asize < HALF_MAX_SIZE_T &&
+	    asize < nb + SYS_ALLOC_PADDING) {
+	  size_t esize = granularity_align(nb + SYS_ALLOC_PADDING - asize);
+	  if (esize < HALF_MAX_SIZE_T) {
+	    char* end = (char*)CALL_MORECORE(esize);
+	    if (end != CMFAIL)
+	      asize += esize;
+	    else {            /* Can't use; try to release */
+	      (void) CALL_MORECORE(-asize);
+	      br = CMFAIL;
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+      }
+      if (br != CMFAIL) {    /* Use the space we did get */
+	tbase = br;
+	tsize = asize;
+      }
+      else
+	disable_contiguous(m); /* Don't try contiguous path in the future */
+    }
+
+    RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+  }
+
+  if (HAVE_MMAP && tbase == CMFAIL) {  /* Try MMAP */
+    size_t rsize = granularity_align(nb + SYS_ALLOC_PADDING);
+    if (rsize > nb) { /* Fail if wraps around zero */
+      char* mp = (char*)(CALL_MMAP(rsize));
+      if (mp != CMFAIL) {
+	tbase = mp;
+	tsize = rsize;
+	mmap_flag = IS_MMAPPED_BIT;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (HAVE_MORECORE && tbase == CMFAIL) { /* Try noncontiguous MORECORE */
+    size_t asize = granularity_align(nb + SYS_ALLOC_PADDING);
+    if (asize < HALF_MAX_SIZE_T) {
+      char* br = CMFAIL;
+      char* end = CMFAIL;
+      ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+      br = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(asize));
+      end = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(0));
+      RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+      if (br != CMFAIL && end != CMFAIL && br < end) {
+	size_t ssize = end - br;
+	if (ssize > nb + TOP_FOOT_SIZE) {
+	  tbase = br;
+	  tsize = ssize;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (tbase != CMFAIL) {
+
+    if ((m->footprint += tsize) > m->max_footprint)
+      m->max_footprint = m->footprint;
+
+    if (!is_initialized(m)) { /* first-time initialization */
+      m->seg.base = m->least_addr = tbase;
+      m->seg.size = tsize;
+      m->seg.sflags = mmap_flag;
+      m->magic = mparams.magic;
+      m->release_checks = MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE;
+      init_bins(m);
+#if !ONLY_MSPACES
+      if (is_global(m))
+	init_top(m, (mchunkptr)tbase, tsize - TOP_FOOT_SIZE);
+      else
+#endif
+      {
+	/* Offset top by embedded malloc_state */
+	mchunkptr mn = next_chunk(mem2chunk(m));
+	init_top(m, mn, (size_t)((tbase + tsize) - (char*)mn) -TOP_FOOT_SIZE);
+      }
+    }
+
+    else {
+      /* Try to merge with an existing segment */
+      msegmentptr sp = &m->seg;
+      /* Only consider most recent segment if traversal suppressed */
+      while (sp != 0 && tbase != sp->base + sp->size)
+	sp = (NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL) ? 0 : sp->next;
+      if (sp != 0 &&
+	  !is_extern_segment(sp) &&
+	  (sp->sflags & IS_MMAPPED_BIT) == mmap_flag &&
+	  segment_holds(sp, m->top)) { /* append */
+	sp->size += tsize;
+	init_top(m, m->top, m->topsize + tsize);
+      }
+      else {
+	if (tbase < m->least_addr)
+	  m->least_addr = tbase;
+	sp = &m->seg;
+	while (sp != 0 && sp->base != tbase + tsize)
+	  sp = (NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL) ? 0 : sp->next;
+	if (sp != 0 &&
+	    !is_extern_segment(sp) &&
+	    (sp->sflags & IS_MMAPPED_BIT) == mmap_flag) {
+	  char* oldbase = sp->base;
+	  sp->base = tbase;
+	  sp->size += tsize;
+	  return prepend_alloc(m, tbase, oldbase, nb);
+	}
+	else
+	  add_segment(m, tbase, tsize, mmap_flag);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (nb < m->topsize) { /* Allocate from new or extended top space */
+      size_t rsize = m->topsize -= nb;
+      mchunkptr p = m->top;
+      mchunkptr r = m->top = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+      r->head = rsize | PINUSE_BIT;
+      set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, p, nb);
+      check_top_chunk(m, m->top);
+      check_malloced_chunk(m, chunk2mem(p), nb);
+      return chunk2mem(p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------  system deallocation -------------------------- */
+
+/* Unmap and unlink any mmapped segments that don't contain used chunks */
+static size_t release_unused_segments(mstate m) {
+  size_t released = 0;
+  int nsegs = 0;
+  msegmentptr pred = &m->seg;
+  msegmentptr sp = pred->next;
+  while (sp != 0) {
+    char* base = sp->base;
+    size_t size = sp->size;
+    msegmentptr next = sp->next;
+    ++nsegs;
+    if (is_mmapped_segment(sp) && !is_extern_segment(sp)) {
+      mchunkptr p = align_as_chunk(base);
+      size_t psize = chunksize(p);
+      /* Can unmap if first chunk holds entire segment and not pinned */
+      if (!cinuse(p) && (char*)p + psize >= base + size - TOP_FOOT_SIZE) {
+	tchunkptr tp = (tchunkptr)p;
+	assert(segment_holds(sp, (char*)sp));
+	if (p == m->dv) {
+	  m->dv = 0;
+	  m->dvsize = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+	  unlink_large_chunk(m, tp);
+	}
+	if (CALL_MUNMAP(base, size) == 0) {
+	  released += size;
+	  m->footprint -= size;
+	  /* unlink obsoleted record */
+	  sp = pred;
+	  sp->next = next;
+	}
+	else { /* back out if cannot unmap */
+	  insert_large_chunk(m, tp, psize);
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    if (NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL) /* scan only first segment */
+      break;
+    pred = sp;
+    sp = next;
+  }
+  /* Reset check counter */
+  m->release_checks = ((nsegs > MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE)?
+		       nsegs : MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE);
+  return released;
+}
+
+static int sys_trim(mstate m, size_t pad) {
+  size_t released = 0;
+  ensure_initialization();
+  if (pad < MAX_REQUEST && is_initialized(m)) {
+    pad += TOP_FOOT_SIZE; /* ensure enough room for segment overhead */
+
+    if (m->topsize > pad) {
+      /* Shrink top space in granularity-size units, keeping at least one */
+      size_t unit = mparams.granularity;
+      size_t extra = ((m->topsize - pad + (unit - SIZE_T_ONE)) / unit -
+		      SIZE_T_ONE) * unit;
+      msegmentptr sp = segment_holding(m, (char*)m->top);
+
+      if (!is_extern_segment(sp)) {
+	if (is_mmapped_segment(sp)) {
+	  if (HAVE_MMAP &&
+	      sp->size >= extra &&
+	      !has_segment_link(m, sp)) { /* can't shrink if pinned */
+	    size_t newsize = sp->size - extra;
+	    /* Prefer mremap, fall back to munmap */
+	    if ((CALL_MREMAP(sp->base, sp->size, newsize, 0) != MFAIL) ||
+		(CALL_MUNMAP(sp->base + newsize, extra) == 0)) {
+	      released = extra;
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+	else if (HAVE_MORECORE) {
+	  if (extra >= HALF_MAX_SIZE_T) /* Avoid wrapping negative */
+	    extra = (HALF_MAX_SIZE_T) + SIZE_T_ONE - unit;
+	  ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+	  {
+	    /* Make sure end of memory is where we last set it. */
+	    char* old_br = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(0));
+	    if (old_br == sp->base + sp->size) {
+	      char* rel_br = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(-extra));
+	      char* new_br = (char*)(CALL_MORECORE(0));
+	      if (rel_br != CMFAIL && new_br < old_br)
+		released = old_br - new_br;
+	    }
+	  }
+	  RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+	}
+      }
+
+      if (released != 0) {
+	sp->size -= released;
+	m->footprint -= released;
+	init_top(m, m->top, m->topsize - released);
+	check_top_chunk(m, m->top);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Unmap any unused mmapped segments */
+    if (HAVE_MMAP)
+      released += release_unused_segments(m);
+
+    /* On failure, disable autotrim to avoid repeated failed future calls */
+    if (released == 0 && m->topsize > m->trim_check)
+      m->trim_check = MAX_SIZE_T;
+  }
+
+  return (released != 0)? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------- malloc support --------------------------- */
+
+/* allocate a large request from the best fitting chunk in a treebin */
+static void* tmalloc_large(mstate m, size_t nb) {
+  tchunkptr v = 0;
+  size_t rsize = -nb; /* Unsigned negation */
+  tchunkptr t;
+  bindex_t idx;
+  compute_tree_index(nb, idx);
+  if ((t = *treebin_at(m, idx)) != 0) {
+    /* Traverse tree for this bin looking for node with size == nb */
+    size_t sizebits = nb << leftshift_for_tree_index(idx);
+    tchunkptr rst = 0;  /* The deepest untaken right subtree */
+    for (;;) {
+      tchunkptr rt;
+      size_t trem = chunksize(t) - nb;
+      if (trem < rsize) {
+	v = t;
+	if ((rsize = trem) == 0)
+	  break;
+      }
+      rt = t->child[1];
+      t = t->child[(sizebits >> (SIZE_T_BITSIZE-SIZE_T_ONE)) & 1];
+      if (rt != 0 && rt != t)
+	rst = rt;
+      if (t == 0) {
+	t = rst; /* set t to least subtree holding sizes > nb */
+	break;
+      }
+      sizebits <<= 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (t == 0 && v == 0) { /* set t to root of next non-empty treebin */
+    binmap_t leftbits = left_bits(idx2bit(idx)) & m->treemap;
+    if (leftbits != 0) {
+      bindex_t i;
+      binmap_t leastbit = least_bit(leftbits);
+      compute_bit2idx(leastbit, i);
+      t = *treebin_at(m, i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (t != 0) { /* find smallest of tree or subtree */
+    size_t trem = chunksize(t) - nb;
+    if (trem < rsize) {
+      rsize = trem;
+      v = t;
+    }
+    t = leftmost_child(t);
+  }
+
+  /*  If dv is a better fit, return 0 so malloc will use it */
+  if (v != 0 && rsize < (size_t)(m->dvsize - nb)) {
+    if (RTCHECK(ok_address(m, v))) { /* split */
+      mchunkptr r = chunk_plus_offset(v, nb);
+      assert(chunksize(v) == rsize + nb);
+      if (RTCHECK(ok_next(v, r))) {
+	unlink_large_chunk(m, v);
+	if (rsize < MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)
+	  set_inuse_and_pinuse(m, v, (rsize + nb));
+	else {
+	  set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, v, nb);
+	  set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(r, rsize);
+	  insert_chunk(m, r, rsize);
+	}
+	return chunk2mem(v);
+      }
+    }
+    CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(m);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* allocate a small request from the best fitting chunk in a treebin */
+static void* tmalloc_small(mstate m, size_t nb) {
+  tchunkptr t, v;
+  size_t rsize;
+  bindex_t i;
+  binmap_t leastbit = least_bit(m->treemap);
+  compute_bit2idx(leastbit, i);
+  v = t = *treebin_at(m, i);
+  rsize = chunksize(t) - nb;
+
+  while ((t = leftmost_child(t)) != 0) {
+    size_t trem = chunksize(t) - nb;
+    if (trem < rsize) {
+      rsize = trem;
+      v = t;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (RTCHECK(ok_address(m, v))) {
+    mchunkptr r = chunk_plus_offset(v, nb);
+    assert(chunksize(v) == rsize + nb);
+    if (RTCHECK(ok_next(v, r))) {
+      unlink_large_chunk(m, v);
+      if (rsize < MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)
+	set_inuse_and_pinuse(m, v, (rsize + nb));
+      else {
+	set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, v, nb);
+	set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(r, rsize);
+	replace_dv(m, r, rsize);
+      }
+      return chunk2mem(v);
+    }
+  }
+
+  CORRUPTION_ERROR_ACTION(m);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* --------------------------- realloc support --------------------------- */
+
+static void* internal_realloc(mstate m, void* oldmem, size_t bytes) {
+  if (bytes >= MAX_REQUEST) {
+    MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (!PREACTION(m)) {
+    mchunkptr oldp = mem2chunk(oldmem);
+    size_t oldsize = chunksize(oldp);
+    mchunkptr next = chunk_plus_offset(oldp, oldsize);
+    mchunkptr newp = 0;
+    void* extra = 0;
+
+    /* Try to either shrink or extend into top. Else malloc-copy-free */
+
+    if (RTCHECK(ok_address(m, oldp) && ok_cinuse(oldp) &&
+		ok_next(oldp, next) && ok_pinuse(next))) {
+      size_t nb = request2size(bytes);
+      if (is_mmapped(oldp))
+	newp = mmap_resize(m, oldp, nb);
+      else if (oldsize >= nb) { /* already big enough */
+	size_t rsize = oldsize - nb;
+	newp = oldp;
+	if (rsize >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+	  mchunkptr remainder = chunk_plus_offset(newp, nb);
+	  set_inuse(m, newp, nb);
+	  set_inuse(m, remainder, rsize);
+	  extra = chunk2mem(remainder);
+	}
+      }
+      else if (next == m->top && oldsize + m->topsize > nb) {
+	/* Expand into top */
+	size_t newsize = oldsize + m->topsize;
+	size_t newtopsize = newsize - nb;
+	mchunkptr newtop = chunk_plus_offset(oldp, nb);
+	set_inuse(m, oldp, nb);
+	newtop->head = newtopsize |PINUSE_BIT;
+	m->top = newtop;
+	m->topsize = newtopsize;
+	newp = oldp;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(m, oldmem);
+      POSTACTION(m);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    POSTACTION(m);
+
+    if (newp != 0) {
+      if (extra != 0) {
+	internal_free(m, extra);
+      }
+      check_inuse_chunk(m, newp);
+      return chunk2mem(newp);
+    }
+    else {
+      void* newmem = internal_malloc(m, bytes);
+      if (newmem != 0) {
+	size_t oc = oldsize - overhead_for(oldp);
+	memcpy(newmem, oldmem, (oc < bytes)? oc : bytes);
+	internal_free(m, oldmem);
+      }
+      return newmem;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* --------------------------- memalign support -------------------------- */
+
+static void* internal_memalign(mstate m, size_t alignment, size_t bytes) {
+  if (alignment <= MALLOC_ALIGNMENT)    /* Can just use malloc */
+    return internal_malloc(m, bytes);
+  if (alignment <  MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) /* must be at least a minimum chunk size */
+    alignment = MIN_CHUNK_SIZE;
+  if ((alignment & (alignment-SIZE_T_ONE)) != 0) {/* Ensure a power of 2 */
+    size_t a = MALLOC_ALIGNMENT << 1;
+    while (a < alignment) a <<= 1;
+    alignment = a;
+  }
+
+  if (bytes >= MAX_REQUEST - alignment) {
+    if (m != 0)  { /* Test isn't needed but avoids compiler warning */
+      MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    size_t nb = request2size(bytes);
+    size_t req = nb + alignment + MIN_CHUNK_SIZE - CHUNK_OVERHEAD;
+    char* mem = (char*)internal_malloc(m, req);
+    if (mem != 0) {
+      void* leader = 0;
+      void* trailer = 0;
+      mchunkptr p = mem2chunk(mem);
+
+      if (PREACTION(m)) return 0;
+      if ((((size_t)(mem)) % alignment) != 0) { /* misaligned */
+	/*
+	  Find an aligned spot inside chunk.  Since we need to give
+	  back leading space in a chunk of at least MIN_CHUNK_SIZE, if
+	  the first calculation places us at a spot with less than
+	  MIN_CHUNK_SIZE leader, we can move to the next aligned spot.
+	  We've allocated enough total room so that this is always
+	  possible.
+	*/
+	char* br = (char*)mem2chunk((size_t)(((size_t)(mem +
+						       alignment -
+						       SIZE_T_ONE)) &
+					     -alignment));
+	char* pos = ((size_t)(br - (char*)(p)) >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)?
+	  br : br+alignment;
+	mchunkptr newp = (mchunkptr)pos;
+	size_t leadsize = pos - (char*)(p);
+	size_t newsize = chunksize(p) - leadsize;
+
+	if (is_mmapped(p)) { /* For mmapped chunks, just adjust offset */
+	  newp->prev_foot = p->prev_foot + leadsize;
+	  newp->head = (newsize|CINUSE_BIT);
+	}
+	else { /* Otherwise, give back leader, use the rest */
+	  set_inuse(m, newp, newsize);
+	  set_inuse(m, p, leadsize);
+	  leader = chunk2mem(p);
+	}
+	p = newp;
+      }
+
+      /* Give back spare room at the end */
+      if (!is_mmapped(p)) {
+	size_t size = chunksize(p);
+	if (size > nb + MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+	  size_t remainder_size = size - nb;
+	  mchunkptr remainder = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+	  set_inuse(m, p, nb);
+	  set_inuse(m, remainder, remainder_size);
+	  trailer = chunk2mem(remainder);
+	}
+      }
+
+      assert (chunksize(p) >= nb);
+      assert((((size_t)(chunk2mem(p))) % alignment) == 0);
+      check_inuse_chunk(m, p);
+      POSTACTION(m);
+      if (leader != 0) {
+	internal_free(m, leader);
+      }
+      if (trailer != 0) {
+	internal_free(m, trailer);
+      }
+      return chunk2mem(p);
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------ comalloc/coalloc support --------------------- */
+
+static void** ialloc(mstate m,
+		     size_t n_elements,
+		     size_t* sizes,
+		     int opts,
+		     void* chunks[]) {
+  /*
+    This provides common support for independent_X routines, handling
+    all of the combinations that can result.
+
+    The opts arg has:
+    bit 0 set if all elements are same size (using sizes[0])
+    bit 1 set if elements should be zeroed
+  */
+
+  size_t    element_size;   /* chunksize of each element, if all same */
+  size_t    contents_size;  /* total size of elements */
+  size_t    array_size;     /* request size of pointer array */
+  void*     mem;            /* malloced aggregate space */
+  mchunkptr p;              /* corresponding chunk */
+  size_t    remainder_size; /* remaining bytes while splitting */
+  void**    marray;         /* either "chunks" or malloced ptr array */
+  mchunkptr array_chunk;    /* chunk for malloced ptr array */
+  flag_t    was_enabled;    /* to disable mmap */
+  size_t    size;
+  size_t    i;
+
+  ensure_initialization();
+  /* compute array length, if needed */
+  if (chunks != 0) {
+    if (n_elements == 0)
+      return chunks; /* nothing to do */
+    marray = chunks;
+    array_size = 0;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* if empty req, must still return chunk representing empty array */
+    if (n_elements == 0)
+      return (void**)internal_malloc(m, 0);
+    marray = 0;
+    array_size = request2size(n_elements * (sizeof(void*)));
+  }
+
+  /* compute total element size */
+  if (opts & 0x1) { /* all-same-size */
+    element_size = request2size(*sizes);
+    contents_size = n_elements * element_size;
+  }
+  else { /* add up all the sizes */
+    element_size = 0;
+    contents_size = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i != n_elements; ++i)
+      contents_size += request2size(sizes[i]);
+  }
+
+  size = contents_size + array_size;
+
+  /*
+     Allocate the aggregate chunk.  First disable direct-mmapping so
+     malloc won't use it, since we would not be able to later
+     free/realloc space internal to a segregated mmap region.
+  */
+  was_enabled = use_mmap(m);
+  disable_mmap(m);
+  mem = internal_malloc(m, size - CHUNK_OVERHEAD);
+  if (was_enabled)
+    enable_mmap(m);
+  if (mem == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (PREACTION(m)) return 0;
+  p = mem2chunk(mem);
+  remainder_size = chunksize(p);
+
+  assert(!is_mmapped(p));
+
+  if (opts & 0x2) {       /* optionally clear the elements */
+    memset((size_t*)mem, 0, remainder_size - SIZE_T_SIZE - array_size);
+  }
+
+  /* If not provided, allocate the pointer array as final part of chunk */
+  if (marray == 0) {
+    size_t  array_chunk_size;
+    array_chunk = chunk_plus_offset(p, contents_size);
+    array_chunk_size = remainder_size - contents_size;
+    marray = (void**) (chunk2mem(array_chunk));
+    set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, array_chunk, array_chunk_size);
+    remainder_size = contents_size;
+  }
+
+  /* split out elements */
+  for (i = 0; ; ++i) {
+    marray[i] = chunk2mem(p);
+    if (i != n_elements-1) {
+      if (element_size != 0)
+	size = element_size;
+      else
+	size = request2size(sizes[i]);
+      remainder_size -= size;
+      set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, p, size);
+      p = chunk_plus_offset(p, size);
+    }
+    else { /* the final element absorbs any overallocation slop */
+      set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(m, p, remainder_size);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+#if DEBUG
+  if (marray != chunks) {
+    /* final element must have exactly exhausted chunk */
+    if (element_size != 0) {
+      assert(remainder_size == element_size);
+    }
+    else {
+      assert(remainder_size == request2size(sizes[i]));
+    }
+    check_inuse_chunk(m, mem2chunk(marray));
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i != n_elements; ++i)
+    check_inuse_chunk(m, mem2chunk(marray[i]));
+
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+  POSTACTION(m);
+  return marray;
+}
+
+
+/* -------------------------- public routines ---------------------------- */
+
+#if !ONLY_MSPACES
+
+void* dlmalloc(size_t bytes) {
+  /*
+     Basic algorithm:
+     If a small request (< 256 bytes minus per-chunk overhead):
+       1. If one exists, use a remainderless chunk in associated smallbin.
+	  (Remainderless means that there are too few excess bytes to
+	  represent as a chunk.)
+       2. If it is big enough, use the dv chunk, which is normally the
+	  chunk adjacent to the one used for the most recent small request.
+       3. If one exists, split the smallest available chunk in a bin,
+	  saving remainder in dv.
+       4. If it is big enough, use the top chunk.
+       5. If available, get memory from system and use it
+     Otherwise, for a large request:
+       1. Find the smallest available binned chunk that fits, and use it
+	  if it is better fitting than dv chunk, splitting if necessary.
+       2. If better fitting than any binned chunk, use the dv chunk.
+       3. If it is big enough, use the top chunk.
+       4. If request size >= mmap threshold, try to directly mmap this chunk.
+       5. If available, get memory from system and use it
+
+     The ugly goto's here ensure that postaction occurs along all paths.
+  */
+
+#if USE_LOCKS
+  ensure_initialization(); /* initialize in sys_alloc if not using locks */
+#endif
+
+  if (!PREACTION(gm)) {
+    void* mem;
+    size_t nb;
+    if (bytes <= MAX_SMALL_REQUEST) {
+      bindex_t idx;
+      binmap_t smallbits;
+      nb = (bytes < MIN_REQUEST)? MIN_CHUNK_SIZE : pad_request(bytes);
+      idx = small_index(nb);
+      smallbits = gm->smallmap >> idx;
+
+      if ((smallbits & 0x3U) != 0) { /* Remainderless fit to a smallbin. */
+	mchunkptr b, p;
+	idx += ~smallbits & 1;       /* Uses next bin if idx empty */
+	b = smallbin_at(gm, idx);
+	p = b->fd;
+	assert(chunksize(p) == small_index2size(idx));
+	unlink_first_small_chunk(gm, b, p, idx);
+	set_inuse_and_pinuse(gm, p, small_index2size(idx));
+	mem = chunk2mem(p);
+	check_malloced_chunk(gm, mem, nb);
+	goto postaction;
+      }
+
+      else if (nb > gm->dvsize) {
+	if (smallbits != 0) { /* Use chunk in next nonempty smallbin */
+	  mchunkptr b, p, r;
+	  size_t rsize;
+	  bindex_t i;
+	  binmap_t leftbits = (smallbits << idx) & left_bits(idx2bit(idx));
+	  binmap_t leastbit = least_bit(leftbits);
+	  compute_bit2idx(leastbit, i);
+	  b = smallbin_at(gm, i);
+	  p = b->fd;
+	  assert(chunksize(p) == small_index2size(i));
+	  unlink_first_small_chunk(gm, b, p, i);
+	  rsize = small_index2size(i) - nb;
+	  /* Fit here cannot be remainderless if 4byte sizes */
+	  if (SIZE_T_SIZE != 4 && rsize < MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)
+	    set_inuse_and_pinuse(gm, p, small_index2size(i));
+	  else {
+	    set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(gm, p, nb);
+	    r = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+	    set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(r, rsize);
+	    replace_dv(gm, r, rsize);
+	  }
+	  mem = chunk2mem(p);
+	  check_malloced_chunk(gm, mem, nb);
+	  goto postaction;
+	}
+
+	else if (gm->treemap != 0 && (mem = tmalloc_small(gm, nb)) != 0) {
+	  check_malloced_chunk(gm, mem, nb);
+	  goto postaction;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    else if (bytes >= MAX_REQUEST)
+      nb = MAX_SIZE_T; /* Too big to allocate. Force failure (in sys alloc) */
+    else {
+      nb = pad_request(bytes);
+      if (gm->treemap != 0 && (mem = tmalloc_large(gm, nb)) != 0) {
+	check_malloced_chunk(gm, mem, nb);
+	goto postaction;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (nb <= gm->dvsize) {
+      size_t rsize = gm->dvsize - nb;
+      mchunkptr p = gm->dv;
+      if (rsize >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) { /* split dv */
+	mchunkptr r = gm->dv = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+	gm->dvsize = rsize;
+	set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(r, rsize);
+	set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(gm, p, nb);
+      }
+      else { /* exhaust dv */
+	size_t dvs = gm->dvsize;
+	gm->dvsize = 0;
+	gm->dv = 0;
+	set_inuse_and_pinuse(gm, p, dvs);
+      }
+      mem = chunk2mem(p);
+      check_malloced_chunk(gm, mem, nb);
+      goto postaction;
+    }
+
+    else if (nb < gm->topsize) { /* Split top */
+      size_t rsize = gm->topsize -= nb;
+      mchunkptr p = gm->top;
+      mchunkptr r = gm->top = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+      r->head = rsize | PINUSE_BIT;
+      set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(gm, p, nb);
+      mem = chunk2mem(p);
+      check_top_chunk(gm, gm->top);
+      check_malloced_chunk(gm, mem, nb);
+      goto postaction;
+    }
+
+    mem = sys_alloc(gm, nb);
+
+  postaction:
+    POSTACTION(gm);
+    return mem;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void dlfree(void* mem) {
+  /*
+     Consolidate freed chunks with preceeding or succeeding bordering
+     free chunks, if they exist, and then place in a bin.  Intermixed
+     with special cases for top, dv, mmapped chunks, and usage errors.
+  */
+
+  if (mem != 0) {
+    mchunkptr p  = mem2chunk(mem);
+#if FOOTERS
+    mstate fm = get_mstate_for(p);
+    if (!ok_magic(fm)) {
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(fm, p);
+      return;
+    }
+#else /* FOOTERS */
+#define fm gm
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+    if (!PREACTION(fm)) {
+      check_inuse_chunk(fm, p);
+      if (RTCHECK(ok_address(fm, p) && ok_cinuse(p))) {
+	size_t psize = chunksize(p);
+	mchunkptr next = chunk_plus_offset(p, psize);
+	if (!pinuse(p)) {
+	  size_t prevsize = p->prev_foot;
+	  if ((prevsize & IS_MMAPPED_BIT) != 0) {
+	    prevsize &= ~IS_MMAPPED_BIT;
+	    psize += prevsize + MMAP_FOOT_PAD;
+	    if (CALL_MUNMAP((char*)p - prevsize, psize) == 0)
+	      fm->footprint -= psize;
+	    goto postaction;
+	  }
+	  else {
+	    mchunkptr prev = chunk_minus_offset(p, prevsize);
+	    psize += prevsize;
+	    p = prev;
+	    if (RTCHECK(ok_address(fm, prev))) { /* consolidate backward */
+	      if (p != fm->dv) {
+		unlink_chunk(fm, p, prevsize);
+	      }
+	      else if ((next->head & INUSE_BITS) == INUSE_BITS) {
+		fm->dvsize = psize;
+		set_free_with_pinuse(p, psize, next);
+		goto postaction;
+	      }
+	    }
+	    else
+	      goto erroraction;
+	  }
+	}
+
+	if (RTCHECK(ok_next(p, next) && ok_pinuse(next))) {
+	  if (!cinuse(next)) {  /* consolidate forward */
+	    if (next == fm->top) {
+	      size_t tsize = fm->topsize += psize;
+	      fm->top = p;
+	      p->head = tsize | PINUSE_BIT;
+	      if (p == fm->dv) {
+		fm->dv = 0;
+		fm->dvsize = 0;
+	      }
+	      if (should_trim(fm, tsize))
+		sys_trim(fm, 0);
+	      goto postaction;
+	    }
+	    else if (next == fm->dv) {
+	      size_t dsize = fm->dvsize += psize;
+	      fm->dv = p;
+	      set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(p, dsize);
+	      goto postaction;
+	    }
+	    else {
+	      size_t nsize = chunksize(next);
+	      psize += nsize;
+	      unlink_chunk(fm, next, nsize);
+	      set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(p, psize);
+	      if (p == fm->dv) {
+		fm->dvsize = psize;
+		goto postaction;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+	  else
+	    set_free_with_pinuse(p, psize, next);
+
+	  if (is_small(psize)) {
+	    insert_small_chunk(fm, p, psize);
+	    check_free_chunk(fm, p);
+	  }
+	  else {
+	    tchunkptr tp = (tchunkptr)p;
+	    insert_large_chunk(fm, tp, psize);
+	    check_free_chunk(fm, p);
+	    if (--fm->release_checks == 0)
+	      release_unused_segments(fm);
+	  }
+	  goto postaction;
+	}
+      }
+    erroraction:
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(fm, p);
+    postaction:
+      POSTACTION(fm);
+    }
+  }
+#if !FOOTERS
+#undef fm
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+}
+
+void* dlcalloc(size_t n_elements, size_t elem_size) {
+  void* mem;
+  size_t req = 0;
+  if (n_elements != 0) {
+    req = n_elements * elem_size;
+    if (((n_elements | elem_size) & ~(size_t)0xffff) &&
+	(req / n_elements != elem_size))
+      req = MAX_SIZE_T; /* force downstream failure on overflow */
+  }
+  mem = dlmalloc(req);
+  if (mem != 0 && calloc_must_clear(mem2chunk(mem)))
+    memset(mem, 0, req);
+  return mem;
+}
+
+void* dlrealloc(void* oldmem, size_t bytes) {
+  if (oldmem == 0)
+    return dlmalloc(bytes);
+#ifdef REALLOC_ZERO_BYTES_FREES
+  if (bytes == 0) {
+    dlfree(oldmem);
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif /* REALLOC_ZERO_BYTES_FREES */
+  else {
+#if ! FOOTERS
+    mstate m = gm;
+#else /* FOOTERS */
+    mstate m = get_mstate_for(mem2chunk(oldmem));
+    if (!ok_magic(m)) {
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(m, oldmem);
+      return 0;
+    }
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+    return internal_realloc(m, oldmem, bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+void* dlmemalign(size_t alignment, size_t bytes) {
+  return internal_memalign(gm, alignment, bytes);
+}
+
+void** dlindependent_calloc(size_t n_elements, size_t elem_size,
+				 void* chunks[]) {
+  size_t sz = elem_size; /* serves as 1-element array */
+  return ialloc(gm, n_elements, &sz, 3, chunks);
+}
+
+void** dlindependent_comalloc(size_t n_elements, size_t sizes[],
+				   void* chunks[]) {
+  return ialloc(gm, n_elements, sizes, 0, chunks);
+}
+
+void* dlvalloc(size_t bytes) {
+  size_t pagesz;
+  ensure_initialization();
+  pagesz = mparams.page_size;
+  return dlmemalign(pagesz, bytes);
+}
+
+void* dlpvalloc(size_t bytes) {
+  size_t pagesz;
+  ensure_initialization();
+  pagesz = mparams.page_size;
+  return dlmemalign(pagesz, (bytes + pagesz - SIZE_T_ONE) & ~(pagesz - SIZE_T_ONE));
+}
+
+int dlmalloc_trim(size_t pad) {
+  ensure_initialization();
+  int result = 0;
+  if (!PREACTION(gm)) {
+    result = sys_trim(gm, pad);
+    POSTACTION(gm);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+size_t dlmalloc_footprint(void) {
+  return gm->footprint;
+}
+
+size_t dlmalloc_max_footprint(void) {
+  return gm->max_footprint;
+}
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+struct mallinfo dlmallinfo(void) {
+  return internal_mallinfo(gm);
+}
+#endif /* NO_MALLINFO */
+
+void dlmalloc_stats() {
+  internal_malloc_stats(gm);
+}
+
+int dlmallopt(int param_number, int value) {
+  return change_mparam(param_number, value);
+}
+
+#endif /* !ONLY_MSPACES */
+
+size_t dlmalloc_usable_size(void* mem) {
+  if (mem != 0) {
+    mchunkptr p = mem2chunk(mem);
+    if (cinuse(p))
+      return chunksize(p) - overhead_for(p);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* ----------------------------- user mspaces ---------------------------- */
+
+#if MSPACES
+
+static mstate init_user_mstate(char* tbase, size_t tsize) {
+  size_t msize = pad_request(sizeof(struct malloc_state));
+  mchunkptr mn;
+  mchunkptr msp = align_as_chunk(tbase);
+  mstate m = (mstate)(chunk2mem(msp));
+  memset(m, 0, msize);
+  INITIAL_LOCK(&m->mutex);
+  msp->head = (msize|PINUSE_BIT|CINUSE_BIT);
+  m->seg.base = m->least_addr = tbase;
+  m->seg.size = m->footprint = m->max_footprint = tsize;
+  m->magic = mparams.magic;
+  m->release_checks = MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE;
+  m->mflags = mparams.default_mflags;
+  m->extp = 0;
+  m->exts = 0;
+  disable_contiguous(m);
+  init_bins(m);
+  mn = next_chunk(mem2chunk(m));
+  init_top(m, mn, (size_t)((tbase + tsize) - (char*)mn) - TOP_FOOT_SIZE);
+  check_top_chunk(m, m->top);
+  return m;
+}
+
+mspace create_mspace(size_t capacity, int locked) {
+  mstate m = 0;
+  size_t msize;
+  ensure_initialization();
+  msize = pad_request(sizeof(struct malloc_state));
+  if (capacity < (size_t) -(msize + TOP_FOOT_SIZE + mparams.page_size)) {
+    size_t rs = ((capacity == 0)? mparams.granularity :
+		 (capacity + TOP_FOOT_SIZE + msize));
+    size_t tsize = granularity_align(rs);
+    char* tbase = (char*)(CALL_MMAP(tsize));
+    if (tbase != CMFAIL) {
+      m = init_user_mstate(tbase, tsize);
+      m->seg.sflags = IS_MMAPPED_BIT;
+      set_lock(m, locked);
+    }
+  }
+  return (mspace)m;
+}
+
+mspace create_mspace_with_base(void* base, size_t capacity, int locked) {
+  mstate m = 0;
+  size_t msize;
+  ensure_initialization();
+  msize = pad_request(sizeof(struct malloc_state));
+  if (capacity > msize + TOP_FOOT_SIZE &&
+      capacity < (size_t) -(msize + TOP_FOOT_SIZE + mparams.page_size)) {
+    m = init_user_mstate((char*)base, capacity);
+    m->seg.sflags = EXTERN_BIT;
+    set_lock(m, locked);
+  }
+  return (mspace)m;
+}
+
+int mspace_mmap_large_chunks(mspace msp, int enable) {
+  int ret = 0;
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!PREACTION(ms)) {
+    if (use_mmap(ms))
+      ret = 1;
+    if (enable)
+      enable_mmap(ms);
+    else
+      disable_mmap(ms);
+    POSTACTION(ms);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+size_t destroy_mspace(mspace msp) {
+  size_t freed = 0;
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (ok_magic(ms)) {
+    msegmentptr sp = &ms->seg;
+    while (sp != 0) {
+      char* base = sp->base;
+      size_t size = sp->size;
+      flag_t flag = sp->sflags;
+      sp = sp->next;
+      if ((flag & IS_MMAPPED_BIT) && !(flag & EXTERN_BIT) &&
+	  CALL_MUNMAP(base, size) == 0)
+	freed += size;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+  }
+  return freed;
+}
+
+/*
+  mspace versions of routines are near-clones of the global
+  versions. This is not so nice but better than the alternatives.
+*/
+
+
+void* mspace_malloc(mspace msp, size_t bytes) {
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (!PREACTION(ms)) {
+    void* mem;
+    size_t nb;
+    if (bytes <= MAX_SMALL_REQUEST) {
+      bindex_t idx;
+      binmap_t smallbits;
+      nb = (bytes < MIN_REQUEST)? MIN_CHUNK_SIZE : pad_request(bytes);
+      idx = small_index(nb);
+      smallbits = ms->smallmap >> idx;
+
+      if ((smallbits & 0x3U) != 0) { /* Remainderless fit to a smallbin. */
+	mchunkptr b, p;
+	idx += ~smallbits & 1;       /* Uses next bin if idx empty */
+	b = smallbin_at(ms, idx);
+	p = b->fd;
+	assert(chunksize(p) == small_index2size(idx));
+	unlink_first_small_chunk(ms, b, p, idx);
+	set_inuse_and_pinuse(ms, p, small_index2size(idx));
+	mem = chunk2mem(p);
+	check_malloced_chunk(ms, mem, nb);
+	goto postaction;
+      }
+
+      else if (nb > ms->dvsize) {
+	if (smallbits != 0) { /* Use chunk in next nonempty smallbin */
+	  mchunkptr b, p, r;
+	  size_t rsize;
+	  bindex_t i;
+	  binmap_t leftbits = (smallbits << idx) & left_bits(idx2bit(idx));
+	  binmap_t leastbit = least_bit(leftbits);
+	  compute_bit2idx(leastbit, i);
+	  b = smallbin_at(ms, i);
+	  p = b->fd;
+	  assert(chunksize(p) == small_index2size(i));
+	  unlink_first_small_chunk(ms, b, p, i);
+	  rsize = small_index2size(i) - nb;
+	  /* Fit here cannot be remainderless if 4byte sizes */
+	  if (SIZE_T_SIZE != 4 && rsize < MIN_CHUNK_SIZE)
+	    set_inuse_and_pinuse(ms, p, small_index2size(i));
+	  else {
+	    set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(ms, p, nb);
+	    r = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+	    set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(r, rsize);
+	    replace_dv(ms, r, rsize);
+	  }
+	  mem = chunk2mem(p);
+	  check_malloced_chunk(ms, mem, nb);
+	  goto postaction;
+	}
+
+	else if (ms->treemap != 0 && (mem = tmalloc_small(ms, nb)) != 0) {
+	  check_malloced_chunk(ms, mem, nb);
+	  goto postaction;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+    else if (bytes >= MAX_REQUEST)
+      nb = MAX_SIZE_T; /* Too big to allocate. Force failure (in sys alloc) */
+    else {
+      nb = pad_request(bytes);
+      if (ms->treemap != 0 && (mem = tmalloc_large(ms, nb)) != 0) {
+	check_malloced_chunk(ms, mem, nb);
+	goto postaction;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (nb <= ms->dvsize) {
+      size_t rsize = ms->dvsize - nb;
+      mchunkptr p = ms->dv;
+      if (rsize >= MIN_CHUNK_SIZE) { /* split dv */
+	mchunkptr r = ms->dv = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+	ms->dvsize = rsize;
+	set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(r, rsize);
+	set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(ms, p, nb);
+      }
+      else { /* exhaust dv */
+	size_t dvs = ms->dvsize;
+	ms->dvsize = 0;
+	ms->dv = 0;
+	set_inuse_and_pinuse(ms, p, dvs);
+      }
+      mem = chunk2mem(p);
+      check_malloced_chunk(ms, mem, nb);
+      goto postaction;
+    }
+
+    else if (nb < ms->topsize) { /* Split top */
+      size_t rsize = ms->topsize -= nb;
+      mchunkptr p = ms->top;
+      mchunkptr r = ms->top = chunk_plus_offset(p, nb);
+      r->head = rsize | PINUSE_BIT;
+      set_size_and_pinuse_of_inuse_chunk(ms, p, nb);
+      mem = chunk2mem(p);
+      check_top_chunk(ms, ms->top);
+      check_malloced_chunk(ms, mem, nb);
+      goto postaction;
+    }
+
+    mem = sys_alloc(ms, nb);
+
+  postaction:
+    POSTACTION(ms);
+    return mem;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void mspace_free(mspace msp, void* mem) {
+  if (mem != 0) {
+    mchunkptr p  = mem2chunk(mem);
+#if FOOTERS
+    mstate fm = get_mstate_for(p);
+#else /* FOOTERS */
+    mstate fm = (mstate)msp;
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+    if (!ok_magic(fm)) {
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(fm, p);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!PREACTION(fm)) {
+      check_inuse_chunk(fm, p);
+      if (RTCHECK(ok_address(fm, p) && ok_cinuse(p))) {
+	size_t psize = chunksize(p);
+	mchunkptr next = chunk_plus_offset(p, psize);
+	if (!pinuse(p)) {
+	  size_t prevsize = p->prev_foot;
+	  if ((prevsize & IS_MMAPPED_BIT) != 0) {
+	    prevsize &= ~IS_MMAPPED_BIT;
+	    psize += prevsize + MMAP_FOOT_PAD;
+	    if (CALL_MUNMAP((char*)p - prevsize, psize) == 0)
+	      fm->footprint -= psize;
+	    goto postaction;
+	  }
+	  else {
+	    mchunkptr prev = chunk_minus_offset(p, prevsize);
+	    psize += prevsize;
+	    p = prev;
+	    if (RTCHECK(ok_address(fm, prev))) { /* consolidate backward */
+	      if (p != fm->dv) {
+		unlink_chunk(fm, p, prevsize);
+	      }
+	      else if ((next->head & INUSE_BITS) == INUSE_BITS) {
+		fm->dvsize = psize;
+		set_free_with_pinuse(p, psize, next);
+		goto postaction;
+	      }
+	    }
+	    else
+	      goto erroraction;
+	  }
+	}
+
+	if (RTCHECK(ok_next(p, next) && ok_pinuse(next))) {
+	  if (!cinuse(next)) {  /* consolidate forward */
+	    if (next == fm->top) {
+	      size_t tsize = fm->topsize += psize;
+	      fm->top = p;
+	      p->head = tsize | PINUSE_BIT;
+	      if (p == fm->dv) {
+		fm->dv = 0;
+		fm->dvsize = 0;
+	      }
+	      if (should_trim(fm, tsize))
+		sys_trim(fm, 0);
+	      goto postaction;
+	    }
+	    else if (next == fm->dv) {
+	      size_t dsize = fm->dvsize += psize;
+	      fm->dv = p;
+	      set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(p, dsize);
+	      goto postaction;
+	    }
+	    else {
+	      size_t nsize = chunksize(next);
+	      psize += nsize;
+	      unlink_chunk(fm, next, nsize);
+	      set_size_and_pinuse_of_free_chunk(p, psize);
+	      if (p == fm->dv) {
+		fm->dvsize = psize;
+		goto postaction;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+	  else
+	    set_free_with_pinuse(p, psize, next);
+
+	  if (is_small(psize)) {
+	    insert_small_chunk(fm, p, psize);
+	    check_free_chunk(fm, p);
+	  }
+	  else {
+	    tchunkptr tp = (tchunkptr)p;
+	    insert_large_chunk(fm, tp, psize);
+	    check_free_chunk(fm, p);
+	    if (--fm->release_checks == 0)
+	      release_unused_segments(fm);
+	  }
+	  goto postaction;
+	}
+      }
+    erroraction:
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(fm, p);
+    postaction:
+      POSTACTION(fm);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void* mspace_calloc(mspace msp, size_t n_elements, size_t elem_size) {
+  void* mem;
+  size_t req = 0;
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (n_elements != 0) {
+    req = n_elements * elem_size;
+    if (((n_elements | elem_size) & ~(size_t)0xffff) &&
+	(req / n_elements != elem_size))
+      req = MAX_SIZE_T; /* force downstream failure on overflow */
+  }
+  mem = internal_malloc(ms, req);
+  if (mem != 0 && calloc_must_clear(mem2chunk(mem)))
+    memset(mem, 0, req);
+  return mem;
+}
+
+void* mspace_realloc(mspace msp, void* oldmem, size_t bytes) {
+  if (oldmem == 0)
+    return mspace_malloc(msp, bytes);
+#ifdef REALLOC_ZERO_BYTES_FREES
+  if (bytes == 0) {
+    mspace_free(msp, oldmem);
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif /* REALLOC_ZERO_BYTES_FREES */
+  else {
+#if FOOTERS
+    mchunkptr p  = mem2chunk(oldmem);
+    mstate ms = get_mstate_for(p);
+#else /* FOOTERS */
+    mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+#endif /* FOOTERS */
+    if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return internal_realloc(ms, oldmem, bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+void* mspace_memalign(mspace msp, size_t alignment, size_t bytes) {
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return internal_memalign(ms, alignment, bytes);
+}
+
+void** mspace_independent_calloc(mspace msp, size_t n_elements,
+				 size_t elem_size, void* chunks[]) {
+  size_t sz = elem_size; /* serves as 1-element array */
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return ialloc(ms, n_elements, &sz, 3, chunks);
+}
+
+void** mspace_independent_comalloc(mspace msp, size_t n_elements,
+				   size_t sizes[], void* chunks[]) {
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return ialloc(ms, n_elements, sizes, 0, chunks);
+}
+
+int mspace_trim(mspace msp, size_t pad) {
+  int result = 0;
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (ok_magic(ms)) {
+    if (!PREACTION(ms)) {
+      result = sys_trim(ms, pad);
+      POSTACTION(ms);
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void mspace_malloc_stats(mspace msp) {
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (ok_magic(ms)) {
+    internal_malloc_stats(ms);
+  }
+  else {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t mspace_footprint(mspace msp) {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (ok_magic(ms)) {
+    result = ms->footprint;
+  }
+  else {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+size_t mspace_max_footprint(mspace msp) {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (ok_magic(ms)) {
+    result = ms->max_footprint;
+  }
+  else {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+struct mallinfo mspace_mallinfo(mspace msp) {
+  mstate ms = (mstate)msp;
+  if (!ok_magic(ms)) {
+    USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(ms,ms);
+  }
+  return internal_mallinfo(ms);
+}
+#endif /* NO_MALLINFO */
+
+size_t mspace_usable_size(void* mem) {
+  if (mem != 0) {
+    mchunkptr p = mem2chunk(mem);
+    if (cinuse(p))
+      return chunksize(p) - overhead_for(p);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int mspace_mallopt(int param_number, int value) {
+  return change_mparam(param_number, value);
+}
+
+#endif /* MSPACES */
+
+/* -------------------- Alternative MORECORE functions ------------------- */
+
+/*
+  Guidelines for creating a custom version of MORECORE:
+
+  * For best performance, MORECORE should allocate in multiples of pagesize.
+  * MORECORE may allocate more memory than requested. (Or even less,
+      but this will usually result in a malloc failure.)
+  * MORECORE must not allocate memory when given argument zero, but
+      instead return one past the end address of memory from previous
+      nonzero call.
+  * For best performance, consecutive calls to MORECORE with positive
+      arguments should return increasing addresses, indicating that
+      space has been contiguously extended.
+  * Even though consecutive calls to MORECORE need not return contiguous
+      addresses, it must be OK for malloc'ed chunks to span multiple
+      regions in those cases where they do happen to be contiguous.
+  * MORECORE need not handle negative arguments -- it may instead
+      just return MFAIL when given negative arguments.
+      Negative arguments are always multiples of pagesize. MORECORE
+      must not misinterpret negative args as large positive unsigned
+      args. You can suppress all such calls from even occurring by defining
+      MORECORE_CANNOT_TRIM,
+
+  As an example alternative MORECORE, here is a custom allocator
+  kindly contributed for pre-OSX macOS.  It uses virtually but not
+  necessarily physically contiguous non-paged memory (locked in,
+  present and won't get swapped out).  You can use it by uncommenting
+  this section, adding some #includes, and setting up the appropriate
+  defines above:
+
+      #define MORECORE osMoreCore
+
+  There is also a shutdown routine that should somehow be called for
+  cleanup upon program exit.
+
+  #define MAX_POOL_ENTRIES 100
+  #define MINIMUM_MORECORE_SIZE  (64 * 1024U)
+  static int next_os_pool;
+  void *our_os_pools[MAX_POOL_ENTRIES];
+
+  void *osMoreCore(int size)
+  {
+    void *ptr = 0;
+    static void *sbrk_top = 0;
+
+    if (size > 0)
+    {
+      if (size < MINIMUM_MORECORE_SIZE)
+	 size = MINIMUM_MORECORE_SIZE;
+      if (CurrentExecutionLevel() == kTaskLevel)
+	 ptr = PoolAllocateResident(size + RM_PAGE_SIZE, 0);
+      if (ptr == 0)
+      {
+	return (void *) MFAIL;
+      }
+      // save ptrs so they can be freed during cleanup
+      our_os_pools[next_os_pool] = ptr;
+      next_os_pool++;
+      ptr = (void *) ((((size_t) ptr) + RM_PAGE_MASK) & ~RM_PAGE_MASK);
+      sbrk_top = (char *) ptr + size;
+      return ptr;
+    }
+    else if (size < 0)
+    {
+      // we don't currently support shrink behavior
+      return (void *) MFAIL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return sbrk_top;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // cleanup any allocated memory pools
+  // called as last thing before shutting down driver
+
+  void osCleanupMem(void)
+  {
+    void **ptr;
+
+    for (ptr = our_os_pools; ptr < &our_os_pools[MAX_POOL_ENTRIES]; ptr++)
+      if (*ptr)
+      {
+	 PoolDeallocate(*ptr);
+	 *ptr = 0;
+      }
+  }
+
+*/
+
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+History:
+    V2.8.4 (not yet released)
+      * Add mspace_mmap_large_chunks; thanks to Jean Brouwers
+      * Fix insufficient sys_alloc padding when using 16byte alignment
+      * Fix bad error check in mspace_footprint
+      * Adaptations for ptmalloc, courtesy of Wolfram Gloger.
+      * Reentrant spin locks, courtesy of Earl Chew and others
+      * Win32 improvements, courtesy of Niall Douglas and Earl Chew
+      * Add NO_SEGMENT_TRAVERSAL and MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE options
+      * Extension hook in malloc_state
+      * Various small adjustments to reduce warnings on some compilers
+      * Various configuration extensions/changes for more platforms. Thanks
+	 to all who contributed these.
+
+    V2.8.3 Thu Sep 22 11:16:32 2005  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Add max_footprint functions
+      * Ensure all appropriate literals are size_t
+      * Fix conditional compilation problem for some #define settings
+      * Avoid concatenating segments with the one provided
+	in create_mspace_with_base
+      * Rename some variables to avoid compiler shadowing warnings
+      * Use explicit lock initialization.
+      * Better handling of sbrk interference.
+      * Simplify and fix segment insertion, trimming and mspace_destroy
+      * Reinstate REALLOC_ZERO_BYTES_FREES option from 2.7.x
+      * Thanks especially to Dennis Flanagan for help on these.
+
+    V2.8.2 Sun Jun 12 16:01:10 2005  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Fix memalign brace error.
+
+    V2.8.1 Wed Jun  8 16:11:46 2005  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Fix improper #endif nesting in C++
+      * Add explicit casts needed for C++
+
+    V2.8.0 Mon May 30 14:09:02 2005  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Use trees for large bins
+      * Support mspaces
+      * Use segments to unify sbrk-based and mmap-based system allocation,
+	removing need for emulation on most platforms without sbrk.
+      * Default safety checks
+      * Optional footer checks. Thanks to William Robertson for the idea.
+      * Internal code refactoring
+      * Incorporate suggestions and platform-specific changes.
+	Thanks to Dennis Flanagan, Colin Plumb, Niall Douglas,
+	Aaron Bachmann,  Emery Berger, and others.
+      * Speed up non-fastbin processing enough to remove fastbins.
+      * Remove useless cfree() to avoid conflicts with other apps.
+      * Remove internal memcpy, memset. Compilers handle builtins better.
+      * Remove some options that no one ever used and rename others.
+
+    V2.7.2 Sat Aug 17 09:07:30 2002  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Fix malloc_state bitmap array misdeclaration
+
+    V2.7.1 Thu Jul 25 10:58:03 2002  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Allow tuning of FIRST_SORTED_BIN_SIZE
+      * Use PTR_UINT as type for all ptr->int casts. Thanks to John Belmonte.
+      * Better detection and support for non-contiguousness of MORECORE.
+	Thanks to Andreas Mueller, Conal Walsh, and Wolfram Gloger
+      * Bypass most of malloc if no frees. Thanks To Emery Berger.
+      * Fix freeing of old top non-contiguous chunk im sysmalloc.
+      * Raised default trim and map thresholds to 256K.
+      * Fix mmap-related #defines. Thanks to Lubos Lunak.
+      * Fix copy macros; added LACKS_FCNTL_H. Thanks to Neal Walfield.
+      * Branch-free bin calculation
+      * Default trim and mmap thresholds now 256K.
+
+    V2.7.0 Sun Mar 11 14:14:06 2001  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Introduce independent_comalloc and independent_calloc.
+	Thanks to Michael Pachos for motivation and help.
+      * Make optional .h file available
+      * Allow > 2GB requests on 32bit systems.
+      * new WIN32 sbrk, mmap, munmap, lock code from <Walter@GeNeSys-e.de>.
+	Thanks also to Andreas Mueller <a.mueller at paradatec.de>,
+	and Anonymous.
+      * Allow override of MALLOC_ALIGNMENT (Thanks to Ruud Waij for
+	helping test this.)
+      * memalign: check alignment arg
+      * realloc: don't try to shift chunks backwards, since this
+	leads to  more fragmentation in some programs and doesn't
+	seem to help in any others.
+      * Collect all cases in malloc requiring system memory into sysmalloc
+      * Use mmap as backup to sbrk
+      * Place all internal state in malloc_state
+      * Introduce fastbins (although similar to 2.5.1)
+      * Many minor tunings and cosmetic improvements
+      * Introduce USE_PUBLIC_MALLOC_WRAPPERS, USE_MALLOC_LOCK
+      * Introduce MALLOC_FAILURE_ACTION, MORECORE_CONTIGUOUS
+	Thanks to Tony E. Bennett <tbennett@nvidia.com> and others.
+      * Include errno.h to support default failure action.
+
+    V2.6.6 Sun Dec  5 07:42:19 1999  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * return null for negative arguments
+      * Added Several WIN32 cleanups from Martin C. Fong <mcfong at yahoo.com>
+	 * Add 'LACKS_SYS_PARAM_H' for those systems without 'sys/param.h'
+	  (e.g. WIN32 platforms)
+	 * Cleanup header file inclusion for WIN32 platforms
+	 * Cleanup code to avoid Microsoft Visual C++ compiler complaints
+	 * Add 'USE_DL_PREFIX' to quickly allow co-existence with existing
+	   memory allocation routines
+	 * Set 'malloc_getpagesize' for WIN32 platforms (needs more work)
+	 * Use 'assert' rather than 'ASSERT' in WIN32 code to conform to
+	   usage of 'assert' in non-WIN32 code
+	 * Improve WIN32 'sbrk()' emulation's 'findRegion()' routine to
+	   avoid infinite loop
+      * Always call 'fREe()' rather than 'free()'
+
+    V2.6.5 Wed Jun 17 15:57:31 1998  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Fixed ordering problem with boundary-stamping
+
+    V2.6.3 Sun May 19 08:17:58 1996  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Added pvalloc, as recommended by H.J. Liu
+      * Added 64bit pointer support mainly from Wolfram Gloger
+      * Added anonymously donated WIN32 sbrk emulation
+      * Malloc, calloc, getpagesize: add optimizations from Raymond Nijssen
+      * malloc_extend_top: fix mask error that caused wastage after
+	foreign sbrks
+      * Add linux mremap support code from HJ Liu
+
+    V2.6.2 Tue Dec  5 06:52:55 1995  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Integrated most documentation with the code.
+      * Add support for mmap, with help from
+	Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
+      * Use last_remainder in more cases.
+      * Pack bins using idea from  colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
+      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshhold
+      * Eliminate block-local decls to simplify tracing and debugging.
+      * Support another case of realloc via move into top
+      * Fix error occuring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
+      * Rely on page size for units instead of SBRK_UNIT to
+	avoid surprises about sbrk alignment conventions.
+      * Add mallinfo, mallopt. Thanks to Raymond Nijssen
+	(raymond@es.ele.tue.nl) for the suggestion.
+      * Add `pad' argument to malloc_trim and top_pad mallopt parameter.
+      * More precautions for cases where other routines call sbrk,
+	courtesy of Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
+      * Added macros etc., allowing use in linux libc from
+	H.J. Lu (hjl@gnu.ai.mit.edu)
+      * Inverted this history list
+
+    V2.6.1 Sat Dec  2 14:10:57 1995  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Re-tuned and fixed to behave more nicely with V2.6.0 changes.
+      * Removed all preallocation code since under current scheme
+	the work required to undo bad preallocations exceeds
+	the work saved in good cases for most test programs.
+      * No longer use return list or unconsolidated bins since
+	no scheme using them consistently outperforms those that don't
+	given above changes.
+      * Use best fit for very large chunks to prevent some worst-cases.
+      * Added some support for debugging
+
+    V2.6.0 Sat Nov  4 07:05:23 1995  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Removed footers when chunks are in use. Thanks to
+	Paul Wilson (wilson@cs.texas.edu) for the suggestion.
+
+    V2.5.4 Wed Nov  1 07:54:51 1995  Doug Lea  (dl at gee)
+      * Added malloc_trim, with help from Wolfram Gloger
+	(wmglo@Dent.MED.Uni-Muenchen.DE).
+
+    V2.5.3 Tue Apr 26 10:16:01 1994  Doug Lea  (dl at g)
+
+    V2.5.2 Tue Apr  5 16:20:40 1994  Doug Lea  (dl at g)
+      * realloc: try to expand in both directions
+      * malloc: swap order of clean-bin strategy;
+      * realloc: only conditionally expand backwards
+      * Try not to scavenge used bins
+      * Use bin counts as a guide to preallocation
+      * Occasionally bin return list chunks in first scan
+      * Add a few optimizations from colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
+
+    V2.5.1 Sat Aug 14 15:40:43 1993  Doug Lea  (dl at g)
+      * faster bin computation & slightly different binning
+      * merged all consolidations to one part of malloc proper
+	 (eliminating old malloc_find_space & malloc_clean_bin)
+      * Scan 2 returns chunks (not just 1)
+      * Propagate failure in realloc if malloc returns 0
+      * Add stuff to allow compilation on non-ANSI compilers
+	  from kpv@research.att.com
+
+    V2.5 Sat Aug  7 07:41:59 1993  Doug Lea  (dl at g.oswego.edu)
+      * removed potential for odd address access in prev_chunk
+      * removed dependency on getpagesize.h
+      * misc cosmetics and a bit more internal documentation
+      * anticosmetics: mangled names in macros to evade debugger strangeness
+      * tested on sparc, hp-700, dec-mips, rs6000
+	  with gcc & native cc (hp, dec only) allowing
+	  Detlefs & Zorn comparison study (in SIGPLAN Notices.)
+
+    Trial version Fri Aug 28 13:14:29 1992  Doug Lea  (dl at g.oswego.edu)
+      * Based loosely on libg++-1.2X malloc. (It retains some of the overall
+	 structure of old version,  but most details differ.)
+
+*/
+
+
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9a17a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,966 @@
+/* Alternative malloc implementation for multiple threads without
+lock contention based on dlmalloc. (C) 2005-2006 Niall Douglas
+
+Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
+this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
+execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+do so, all subject to the following:
+
+The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+a source language processor.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+/* Enable full aliasing on MSVC */
+/*#pragma optimize("a", on)*/
+#endif
+
+/*#define FULLSANITYCHECKS*/
+
+#include "nedmalloc.h"
+#if defined(WIN32)
+ #include <malloc.h>
+#endif
+#define MSPACES 1
+#define ONLY_MSPACES 1
+#ifndef USE_LOCKS
+ #define USE_LOCKS 1
+#endif
+#define FOOTERS 1           /* Need to enable footers so frees lock the right mspace */
+#undef DEBUG				/* dlmalloc wants DEBUG either 0 or 1 */
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+ #define DEBUG 1
+#else
+ #define DEBUG 0
+#endif
+#ifdef NDEBUG               /* Disable assert checking on release builds */
+ #undef DEBUG
+#endif
+/* The default of 64Kb means we spend too much time kernel-side */
+#ifndef DEFAULT_GRANULARITY
+#define DEFAULT_GRANULARITY (1*1024*1024)
+#endif
+/*#define USE_SPIN_LOCKS 0*/
+
+
+/*#define FORCEINLINE*/
+#include "malloc.c.h"
+#ifdef NDEBUG               /* Disable assert checking on release builds */
+ #undef DEBUG
+#endif
+
+/* The maximum concurrent threads in a pool possible */
+#ifndef MAXTHREADSINPOOL
+#define MAXTHREADSINPOOL 16
+#endif
+/* The maximum number of threadcaches which can be allocated */
+#ifndef THREADCACHEMAXCACHES
+#define THREADCACHEMAXCACHES 256
+#endif
+/* The maximum size to be allocated from the thread cache */
+#ifndef THREADCACHEMAX
+#define THREADCACHEMAX 8192
+#endif
+#if 0
+/* The number of cache entries for finer grained bins. This is (topbitpos(THREADCACHEMAX)-4)*2 */
+#define THREADCACHEMAXBINS ((13-4)*2)
+#else
+/* The number of cache entries. This is (topbitpos(THREADCACHEMAX)-4) */
+#define THREADCACHEMAXBINS (13-4)
+#endif
+/* Point at which the free space in a thread cache is garbage collected */
+#ifndef THREADCACHEMAXFREESPACE
+#define THREADCACHEMAXFREESPACE (512*1024)
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+ #define TLSVAR			DWORD
+ #define TLSALLOC(k)	(*(k)=TlsAlloc(), TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES==*(k))
+ #define TLSFREE(k)		(!TlsFree(k))
+ #define TLSGET(k)		TlsGetValue(k)
+ #define TLSSET(k, a)	(!TlsSetValue(k, a))
+ #ifdef DEBUG
+static LPVOID ChkedTlsGetValue(DWORD idx)
+{
+	LPVOID ret=TlsGetValue(idx);
+	assert(S_OK==GetLastError());
+	return ret;
+}
+  #undef TLSGET
+  #define TLSGET(k) ChkedTlsGetValue(k)
+ #endif
+#else
+ #define TLSVAR			pthread_key_t
+ #define TLSALLOC(k)	pthread_key_create(k, 0)
+ #define TLSFREE(k)		pthread_key_delete(k)
+ #define TLSGET(k)		pthread_getspecific(k)
+ #define TLSSET(k, a)	pthread_setspecific(k, a)
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+/* Only enable if testing with valgrind. Causes misoperation */
+#define mspace_malloc(p, s) malloc(s)
+#define mspace_realloc(p, m, s) realloc(m, s)
+#define mspace_calloc(p, n, s) calloc(n, s)
+#define mspace_free(p, m) free(m)
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#if !defined(NO_NED_NAMESPACE)
+namespace nedalloc {
+#else
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#endif
+
+size_t nedblksize(void *mem) THROWSPEC
+{
+#if 0
+	/* Only enable if testing with valgrind. Causes misoperation */
+	return THREADCACHEMAX;
+#else
+	if(mem)
+	{
+		mchunkptr p=mem2chunk(mem);
+		assert(cinuse(p));	/* If this fails, someone tried to free a block twice */
+		if(cinuse(p))
+			return chunksize(p)-overhead_for(p);
+	}
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+void nedsetvalue(void *v) THROWSPEC					{ nedpsetvalue(0, v); }
+void * nedmalloc(size_t size) THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc(0, size); }
+void * nedcalloc(size_t no, size_t size) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpcalloc(0, no, size); }
+void * nedrealloc(void *mem, size_t size) THROWSPEC	{ return nedprealloc(0, mem, size); }
+void   nedfree(void *mem) THROWSPEC					{ nedpfree(0, mem); }
+void * nedmemalign(size_t alignment, size_t bytes) THROWSPEC { return nedpmemalign(0, alignment, bytes); }
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+struct mallinfo nedmallinfo(void) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmallinfo(0); }
+#endif
+int    nedmallopt(int parno, int value) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpmallopt(0, parno, value); }
+int    nedmalloc_trim(size_t pad) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmalloc_trim(0, pad); }
+void   nedmalloc_stats() THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
+size_t nedmalloc_footprint() THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
+void **nedindependent_calloc(size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_calloc(0, elemsno, elemsize, chunks); }
+void **nedindependent_comalloc(size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_comalloc(0, elems, sizes, chunks); }
+
+struct threadcacheblk_t;
+typedef struct threadcacheblk_t threadcacheblk;
+struct threadcacheblk_t
+{	/* Keep less than 16 bytes on 32 bit systems and 32 bytes on 64 bit systems */
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	unsigned int magic;
+#endif
+	unsigned int lastUsed, size;
+	threadcacheblk *next, *prev;
+};
+typedef struct threadcache_t
+{
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	unsigned int magic1;
+#endif
+	int mymspace;						/* Last mspace entry this thread used */
+	long threadid;
+	unsigned int mallocs, frees, successes;
+	size_t freeInCache;					/* How much free space is stored in this cache */
+	threadcacheblk *bins[(THREADCACHEMAXBINS+1)*2];
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	unsigned int magic2;
+#endif
+} threadcache;
+struct nedpool_t
+{
+	MLOCK_T mutex;
+	void *uservalue;
+	int threads;						/* Max entries in m to use */
+	threadcache *caches[THREADCACHEMAXCACHES];
+	TLSVAR mycache;						/* Thread cache for this thread. 0 for unset, negative for use mspace-1 directly, otherwise is cache-1 */
+	mstate m[MAXTHREADSINPOOL+1];		/* mspace entries for this pool */
+};
+static nedpool syspool;
+
+static FORCEINLINE unsigned int size2binidx(size_t _size) THROWSPEC
+{	/* 8=1000	16=10000	20=10100	24=11000	32=100000	48=110000	4096=1000000000000 */
+	unsigned int topbit, size=(unsigned int)(_size>>4);
+	/* 16=1		20=1	24=1	32=10	48=11	64=100	96=110	128=1000	4096=100000000 */
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+	topbit = sizeof(size)*__CHAR_BIT__ - 1 - __builtin_clz(size);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300
+	{
+	    unsigned long bsrTopBit;
+
+	    _BitScanReverse(&bsrTopBit, size);
+
+	    topbit = bsrTopBit;
+	}
+#else
+#if 0
+	union {
+		unsigned asInt[2];
+		double asDouble;
+	};
+	int n;
+
+	asDouble = (double)size + 0.5;
+	topbit = (asInt[!FOX_BIGENDIAN] >> 20) - 1023;
+#else
+	{
+		unsigned int x=size;
+		x = x | (x >> 1);
+		x = x | (x >> 2);
+		x = x | (x >> 4);
+		x = x | (x >> 8);
+		x = x | (x >>16);
+		x = ~x;
+		x = x - ((x >> 1) & 0x55555555);
+		x = (x & 0x33333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x33333333);
+		x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
+		x = x + (x << 8);
+		x = x + (x << 16);
+		topbit=31 - (x >> 24);
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+	return topbit;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+static void tcsanitycheck(threadcacheblk **ptr) THROWSPEC
+{
+	assert((ptr[0] && ptr[1]) || (!ptr[0] && !ptr[1]));
+	if(ptr[0] && ptr[1])
+	{
+		assert(nedblksize(ptr[0])>=sizeof(threadcacheblk));
+		assert(nedblksize(ptr[1])>=sizeof(threadcacheblk));
+		assert(*(unsigned int *) "NEDN"==ptr[0]->magic);
+		assert(*(unsigned int *) "NEDN"==ptr[1]->magic);
+		assert(!ptr[0]->prev);
+		assert(!ptr[1]->next);
+		if(ptr[0]==ptr[1])
+		{
+			assert(!ptr[0]->next);
+			assert(!ptr[1]->prev);
+		}
+	}
+}
+static void tcfullsanitycheck(threadcache *tc) THROWSPEC
+{
+	threadcacheblk **tcbptr=tc->bins;
+	int n;
+	for(n=0; n<=THREADCACHEMAXBINS; n++, tcbptr+=2)
+	{
+		threadcacheblk *b, *ob=0;
+		tcsanitycheck(tcbptr);
+		for(b=tcbptr[0]; b; ob=b, b=b->next)
+		{
+			assert(*(unsigned int *) "NEDN"==b->magic);
+			assert(!ob || ob->next==b);
+			assert(!ob || b->prev==ob);
+		}
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static NOINLINE void RemoveCacheEntries(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, unsigned int age) THROWSPEC
+{
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tcfullsanitycheck(tc);
+#endif
+	if(tc->freeInCache)
+	{
+		threadcacheblk **tcbptr=tc->bins;
+		int n;
+		for(n=0; n<=THREADCACHEMAXBINS; n++, tcbptr+=2)
+		{
+			threadcacheblk **tcb=tcbptr+1;		/* come from oldest end of list */
+			/*tcsanitycheck(tcbptr);*/
+			for(; *tcb && tc->frees-(*tcb)->lastUsed>=age; )
+			{
+				threadcacheblk *f=*tcb;
+				size_t blksize=f->size; /*nedblksize(f);*/
+				assert(blksize<=nedblksize(f));
+				assert(blksize);
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+				assert(*(unsigned int *) "NEDN"==(*tcb)->magic);
+#endif
+				*tcb=(*tcb)->prev;
+				if(*tcb)
+					(*tcb)->next=0;
+				else
+					*tcbptr=0;
+				tc->freeInCache-=blksize;
+				assert((long) tc->freeInCache>=0);
+				mspace_free(0, f);
+				/*tcsanitycheck(tcbptr);*/
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tcfullsanitycheck(tc);
+#endif
+}
+static void DestroyCaches(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	if(p->caches)
+	{
+		threadcache *tc;
+		int n;
+		for(n=0; n<THREADCACHEMAXCACHES; n++)
+		{
+			if((tc=p->caches[n]))
+			{
+				tc->frees++;
+				RemoveCacheEntries(p, tc, 0);
+				assert(!tc->freeInCache);
+				tc->mymspace=-1;
+				tc->threadid=0;
+				mspace_free(0, tc);
+				p->caches[n]=0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static NOINLINE threadcache *AllocCache(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	threadcache *tc=0;
+	int n, end;
+	ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+	for(n=0; n<THREADCACHEMAXCACHES && p->caches[n]; n++);
+	if(THREADCACHEMAXCACHES==n)
+	{	/* List exhausted, so disable for this thread */
+		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	tc=p->caches[n]=(threadcache *) mspace_calloc(p->m[0], 1, sizeof(threadcache));
+	if(!tc)
+	{
+		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+		return 0;
+	}
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tc->magic1=*(unsigned int *)"NEDMALC1";
+	tc->magic2=*(unsigned int *)"NEDMALC2";
+#endif
+	tc->threadid=(long)(size_t)CURRENT_THREAD;
+	for(end=0; p->m[end]; end++);
+	tc->mymspace=tc->threadid % end;
+	RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+	if(TLSSET(p->mycache, (void *)(size_t)(n+1))) abort();
+	return tc;
+}
+
+static void *threadcache_malloc(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, size_t *size) THROWSPEC
+{
+	void *ret=0;
+	unsigned int bestsize;
+	unsigned int idx=size2binidx(*size);
+	size_t blksize=0;
+	threadcacheblk *blk, **binsptr;
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tcfullsanitycheck(tc);
+#endif
+	/* Calculate best fit bin size */
+	bestsize=1<<(idx+4);
+#if 0
+	/* Finer grained bin fit */
+	idx<<=1;
+	if(*size>bestsize)
+	{
+		idx++;
+		bestsize+=bestsize>>1;
+	}
+	if(*size>bestsize)
+	{
+		idx++;
+		bestsize=1<<(4+(idx>>1));
+	}
+#else
+	if(*size>bestsize)
+	{
+		idx++;
+		bestsize<<=1;
+	}
+#endif
+	assert(bestsize>=*size);
+	if(*size<bestsize) *size=bestsize;
+	assert(*size<=THREADCACHEMAX);
+	assert(idx<=THREADCACHEMAXBINS);
+	binsptr=&tc->bins[idx*2];
+	/* Try to match close, but move up a bin if necessary */
+	blk=*binsptr;
+	if(!blk || blk->size<*size)
+	{	/* Bump it up a bin */
+		if(idx<THREADCACHEMAXBINS)
+		{
+			idx++;
+			binsptr+=2;
+			blk=*binsptr;
+		}
+	}
+	if(blk)
+	{
+		blksize=blk->size; /*nedblksize(blk);*/
+		assert(nedblksize(blk)>=blksize);
+		assert(blksize>=*size);
+		if(blk->next)
+			blk->next->prev=0;
+		*binsptr=blk->next;
+		if(!*binsptr)
+			binsptr[1]=0;
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+		blk->magic=0;
+#endif
+		assert(binsptr[0]!=blk && binsptr[1]!=blk);
+		assert(nedblksize(blk)>=sizeof(threadcacheblk) && nedblksize(blk)<=THREADCACHEMAX+CHUNK_OVERHEAD);
+		/*printf("malloc: %p, %p, %p, %lu\n", p, tc, blk, (long) size);*/
+		ret=(void *) blk;
+	}
+	++tc->mallocs;
+	if(ret)
+	{
+		assert(blksize>=*size);
+		++tc->successes;
+		tc->freeInCache-=blksize;
+		assert((long) tc->freeInCache>=0);
+	}
+#if defined(DEBUG) && 0
+	if(!(tc->mallocs & 0xfff))
+	{
+		printf("*** threadcache=%u, mallocs=%u (%f), free=%u (%f), freeInCache=%u\n", (unsigned int) tc->threadid, tc->mallocs,
+			(float) tc->successes/tc->mallocs, tc->frees, (float) tc->successes/tc->frees, (unsigned int) tc->freeInCache);
+	}
+#endif
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tcfullsanitycheck(tc);
+#endif
+	return ret;
+}
+static NOINLINE void ReleaseFreeInCache(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int mymspace) THROWSPEC
+{
+	unsigned int age=THREADCACHEMAXFREESPACE/8192;
+	/*ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[mymspace]->mutex);*/
+	while(age && tc->freeInCache>=THREADCACHEMAXFREESPACE)
+	{
+		RemoveCacheEntries(p, tc, age);
+		/*printf("*** Removing cache entries older than %u (%u)\n", age, (unsigned int) tc->freeInCache);*/
+		age>>=1;
+	}
+	/*RELEASE_LOCK(&p->m[mymspace]->mutex);*/
+}
+static void threadcache_free(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int mymspace, void *mem, size_t size) THROWSPEC
+{
+	unsigned int bestsize;
+	unsigned int idx=size2binidx(size);
+	threadcacheblk **binsptr, *tck=(threadcacheblk *) mem;
+	assert(size>=sizeof(threadcacheblk) && size<=THREADCACHEMAX+CHUNK_OVERHEAD);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	{	/* Make sure this is a valid memory block */
+	    mchunkptr p  = mem2chunk(mem);
+	    mstate fm = get_mstate_for(p);
+	    if (!ok_magic(fm)) {
+	      USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(fm, p);
+	      return;
+	    }
+	}
+#endif
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tcfullsanitycheck(tc);
+#endif
+	/* Calculate best fit bin size */
+	bestsize=1<<(idx+4);
+#if 0
+	/* Finer grained bin fit */
+	idx<<=1;
+	if(size>bestsize)
+	{
+		unsigned int biggerbestsize=bestsize+bestsize<<1;
+		if(size>=biggerbestsize)
+		{
+			idx++;
+			bestsize=biggerbestsize;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	if(bestsize!=size)	/* dlmalloc can round up, so we round down to preserve indexing */
+		size=bestsize;
+	binsptr=&tc->bins[idx*2];
+	assert(idx<=THREADCACHEMAXBINS);
+	if(tck==*binsptr)
+	{
+		fprintf(stderr, "Attempt to free already freed memory block %p - aborting!\n", tck);
+		abort();
+	}
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tck->magic=*(unsigned int *) "NEDN";
+#endif
+	tck->lastUsed=++tc->frees;
+	tck->size=(unsigned int) size;
+	tck->next=*binsptr;
+	tck->prev=0;
+	if(tck->next)
+		tck->next->prev=tck;
+	else
+		binsptr[1]=tck;
+	assert(!*binsptr || (*binsptr)->size==tck->size);
+	*binsptr=tck;
+	assert(tck==tc->bins[idx*2]);
+	assert(tc->bins[idx*2+1]==tck || binsptr[0]->next->prev==tck);
+	/*printf("free: %p, %p, %p, %lu\n", p, tc, mem, (long) size);*/
+	tc->freeInCache+=size;
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	tcfullsanitycheck(tc);
+#endif
+#if 1
+	if(tc->freeInCache>=THREADCACHEMAXFREESPACE)
+		ReleaseFreeInCache(p, tc, mymspace);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+
+
+static NOINLINE int InitPool(nedpool *p, size_t capacity, int threads) THROWSPEC
+{	/* threads is -1 for system pool */
+	ensure_initialization();
+	ACQUIRE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+	if(p->threads) goto done;
+	if(INITIAL_LOCK(&p->mutex)) goto err;
+	if(TLSALLOC(&p->mycache)) goto err;
+	if(!(p->m[0]=(mstate) create_mspace(capacity, 1))) goto err;
+	p->m[0]->extp=p;
+	p->threads=(threads<1 || threads>MAXTHREADSINPOOL) ? MAXTHREADSINPOOL : threads;
+done:
+	RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+	return 1;
+err:
+	if(threads<0)
+		abort();			/* If you can't allocate for system pool, we're screwed */
+	DestroyCaches(p);
+	if(p->m[0])
+	{
+		destroy_mspace(p->m[0]);
+		p->m[0]=0;
+	}
+	if(p->mycache)
+	{
+		if(TLSFREE(p->mycache)) abort();
+		p->mycache=0;
+	}
+	RELEASE_MALLOC_GLOBAL_LOCK();
+	return 0;
+}
+static NOINLINE mstate FindMSpace(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int *lastUsed, size_t size) THROWSPEC
+{	/* Gets called when thread's last used mspace is in use. The strategy
+	is to run through the list of all available mspaces looking for an
+	unlocked one and if we fail, we create a new one so long as we don't
+	exceed p->threads */
+	int n, end;
+	for(n=end=*lastUsed+1; p->m[n]; end=++n)
+	{
+		if(TRY_LOCK(&p->m[n]->mutex)) goto found;
+	}
+	for(n=0; n<*lastUsed && p->m[n]; n++)
+	{
+		if(TRY_LOCK(&p->m[n]->mutex)) goto found;
+	}
+	if(end<p->threads)
+	{
+		mstate temp;
+		if(!(temp=(mstate) create_mspace(size, 1)))
+			goto badexit;
+		/* Now we're ready to modify the lists, we lock */
+		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+		while(p->m[end] && end<p->threads)
+			end++;
+		if(end>=p->threads)
+		{	/* Drat, must destroy it now */
+			RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+			destroy_mspace((mspace) temp);
+			goto badexit;
+		}
+		/* We really want to make sure this goes into memory now but we
+		have to be careful of breaking aliasing rules, so write it twice */
+		*((volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end])=p->m[end]=temp;
+		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[end]->mutex);
+		/*printf("Created mspace idx %d\n", end);*/
+		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+		n=end;
+		goto found;
+	}
+	/* Let it lock on the last one it used */
+badexit:
+	ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[*lastUsed]->mutex);
+	return p->m[*lastUsed];
+found:
+	*lastUsed=n;
+	if(tc)
+		tc->mymspace=n;
+	else
+	{
+		if(TLSSET(p->mycache, (void *)(size_t)(-(n+1)))) abort();
+	}
+	return p->m[n];
+}
+
+nedpool *nedcreatepool(size_t capacity, int threads) THROWSPEC
+{
+	nedpool *ret;
+	if(!(ret=(nedpool *) nedpcalloc(0, 1, sizeof(nedpool)))) return 0;
+	if(!InitPool(ret, capacity, threads))
+	{
+		nedpfree(0, ret);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+void neddestroypool(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	int n;
+	ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+	DestroyCaches(p);
+	for(n=0; p->m[n]; n++)
+	{
+		destroy_mspace(p->m[n]);
+		p->m[n]=0;
+	}
+	RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
+	if(TLSFREE(p->mycache)) abort();
+	nedpfree(0, p);
+}
+
+void nedpsetvalue(nedpool *p, void *v) THROWSPEC
+{
+	if(!p) { p=&syspool; if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1); }
+	p->uservalue=v;
+}
+void *nedgetvalue(nedpool **p, void *mem) THROWSPEC
+{
+	nedpool *np=0;
+	mchunkptr mcp=mem2chunk(mem);
+	mstate fm;
+	if(!(is_aligned(chunk2mem(mcp))) && mcp->head != FENCEPOST_HEAD) return 0;
+	if(!cinuse(mcp)) return 0;
+	if(!next_pinuse(mcp)) return 0;
+	if(!is_mmapped(mcp) && !pinuse(mcp))
+	{
+		if(next_chunk(prev_chunk(mcp))!=mcp) return 0;
+	}
+	fm=get_mstate_for(mcp);
+	if(!ok_magic(fm)) return 0;
+	if(!ok_address(fm, mcp)) return 0;
+	if(!fm->extp) return 0;
+	np=(nedpool *) fm->extp;
+	if(p) *p=np;
+	return np->uservalue;
+}
+
+void neddisablethreadcache(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	int mycache;
+	if(!p)
+	{
+		p=&syspool;
+		if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1);
+	}
+	mycache=(int)(size_t) TLSGET(p->mycache);
+	if(!mycache)
+	{	/* Set to mspace 0 */
+		if(TLSSET(p->mycache, (void *)-1)) abort();
+	}
+	else if(mycache>0)
+	{	/* Set to last used mspace */
+		threadcache *tc=p->caches[mycache-1];
+#if defined(DEBUG)
+		printf("Threadcache utilisation: %lf%% in cache with %lf%% lost to other threads\n",
+			100.0*tc->successes/tc->mallocs, 100.0*((double) tc->mallocs-tc->frees)/tc->mallocs);
+#endif
+		if(TLSSET(p->mycache, (void *)(size_t)(-tc->mymspace))) abort();
+		tc->frees++;
+		RemoveCacheEntries(p, tc, 0);
+		assert(!tc->freeInCache);
+		tc->mymspace=-1;
+		tc->threadid=0;
+		mspace_free(0, p->caches[mycache-1]);
+		p->caches[mycache-1]=0;
+	}
+}
+
+#define GETMSPACE(m,p,tc,ms,s,action)           \
+  do                                            \
+  {                                             \
+    mstate m = GetMSpace((p),(tc),(ms),(s));    \
+    action;                                     \
+    RELEASE_LOCK(&m->mutex);                    \
+  } while (0)
+
+static FORCEINLINE mstate GetMSpace(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int mymspace, size_t size) THROWSPEC
+{	/* Returns a locked and ready for use mspace */
+	mstate m=p->m[mymspace];
+	assert(m);
+	if(!TRY_LOCK(&p->m[mymspace]->mutex)) m=FindMSpace(p, tc, &mymspace, size);\
+	/*assert(IS_LOCKED(&p->m[mymspace]->mutex));*/
+	return m;
+}
+static FORCEINLINE void GetThreadCache(nedpool **p, threadcache **tc, int *mymspace, size_t *size) THROWSPEC
+{
+	int mycache;
+	if(size && *size<sizeof(threadcacheblk)) *size=sizeof(threadcacheblk);
+	if(!*p)
+	{
+		*p=&syspool;
+		if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1);
+	}
+	mycache=(int)(size_t) TLSGET((*p)->mycache);
+	if(mycache>0)
+	{
+		*tc=(*p)->caches[mycache-1];
+		*mymspace=(*tc)->mymspace;
+	}
+	else if(!mycache)
+	{
+		*tc=AllocCache(*p);
+		if(!*tc)
+		{	/* Disable */
+			if(TLSSET((*p)->mycache, (void *)-1)) abort();
+			*mymspace=0;
+		}
+		else
+			*mymspace=(*tc)->mymspace;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		*tc=0;
+		*mymspace=-mycache-1;
+	}
+	assert(*mymspace>=0);
+	assert((long)(size_t)CURRENT_THREAD==(*tc)->threadid);
+#ifdef FULLSANITYCHECKS
+	if(*tc)
+	{
+		if(*(unsigned int *)"NEDMALC1"!=(*tc)->magic1 || *(unsigned int *)"NEDMALC2"!=(*tc)->magic2)
+		{
+			abort();
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+void * nedpmalloc(nedpool *p, size_t size) THROWSPEC
+{
+	void *ret=0;
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, &size);
+#if THREADCACHEMAX
+	if(tc && size<=THREADCACHEMAX)
+	{	/* Use the thread cache */
+		ret=threadcache_malloc(p, tc, &size);
+	}
+#endif
+	if(!ret)
+	{	/* Use this thread's mspace */
+	GETMSPACE(m, p, tc, mymspace, size,
+		  ret=mspace_malloc(m, size));
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+void * nedpcalloc(nedpool *p, size_t no, size_t size) THROWSPEC
+{
+	size_t rsize=size*no;
+	void *ret=0;
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, &rsize);
+#if THREADCACHEMAX
+	if(tc && rsize<=THREADCACHEMAX)
+	{	/* Use the thread cache */
+		if((ret=threadcache_malloc(p, tc, &rsize)))
+			memset(ret, 0, rsize);
+	}
+#endif
+	if(!ret)
+	{	/* Use this thread's mspace */
+	GETMSPACE(m, p, tc, mymspace, rsize,
+		  ret=mspace_calloc(m, 1, rsize));
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+void * nedprealloc(nedpool *p, void *mem, size_t size) THROWSPEC
+{
+	void *ret=0;
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+	if(!mem) return nedpmalloc(p, size);
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, &size);
+#if THREADCACHEMAX
+	if(tc && size && size<=THREADCACHEMAX)
+	{	/* Use the thread cache */
+		size_t memsize=nedblksize(mem);
+		assert(memsize);
+		if((ret=threadcache_malloc(p, tc, &size)))
+		{
+			memcpy(ret, mem, memsize<size ? memsize : size);
+			if(memsize<=THREADCACHEMAX)
+				threadcache_free(p, tc, mymspace, mem, memsize);
+			else
+				mspace_free(0, mem);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	if(!ret)
+	{	/* Reallocs always happen in the mspace they happened in, so skip
+		locking the preferred mspace for this thread */
+		ret=mspace_realloc(0, mem, size);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+void   nedpfree(nedpool *p, void *mem) THROWSPEC
+{	/* Frees always happen in the mspace they happened in, so skip
+	locking the preferred mspace for this thread */
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+	size_t memsize;
+	assert(mem);
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, 0);
+#if THREADCACHEMAX
+	memsize=nedblksize(mem);
+	assert(memsize);
+	if(mem && tc && memsize<=(THREADCACHEMAX+CHUNK_OVERHEAD))
+		threadcache_free(p, tc, mymspace, mem, memsize);
+	else
+#endif
+		mspace_free(0, mem);
+}
+void * nedpmemalign(nedpool *p, size_t alignment, size_t bytes) THROWSPEC
+{
+	void *ret;
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, &bytes);
+	{	/* Use this thread's mspace */
+	GETMSPACE(m, p, tc, mymspace, bytes,
+		  ret=mspace_memalign(m, alignment, bytes));
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+struct mallinfo nedpmallinfo(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	int n;
+	struct mallinfo ret={0};
+	if(!p) { p=&syspool; if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1); }
+	for(n=0; p->m[n]; n++)
+	{
+		struct mallinfo t=mspace_mallinfo(p->m[n]);
+		ret.arena+=t.arena;
+		ret.ordblks+=t.ordblks;
+		ret.hblkhd+=t.hblkhd;
+		ret.usmblks+=t.usmblks;
+		ret.uordblks+=t.uordblks;
+		ret.fordblks+=t.fordblks;
+		ret.keepcost+=t.keepcost;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+int    nedpmallopt(nedpool *p, int parno, int value) THROWSPEC
+{
+	return mspace_mallopt(parno, value);
+}
+int    nedpmalloc_trim(nedpool *p, size_t pad) THROWSPEC
+{
+	int n, ret=0;
+	if(!p) { p=&syspool; if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1); }
+	for(n=0; p->m[n]; n++)
+	{
+		ret+=mspace_trim(p->m[n], pad);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+void   nedpmalloc_stats(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	int n;
+	if(!p) { p=&syspool; if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1); }
+	for(n=0; p->m[n]; n++)
+	{
+		mspace_malloc_stats(p->m[n]);
+	}
+}
+size_t nedpmalloc_footprint(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC
+{
+	size_t ret=0;
+	int n;
+	if(!p) { p=&syspool; if(!syspool.threads) InitPool(&syspool, 0, -1); }
+	for(n=0; p->m[n]; n++)
+	{
+		ret+=mspace_footprint(p->m[n]);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+void **nedpindependent_calloc(nedpool *p, size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC
+{
+	void **ret;
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, &elemsize);
+    GETMSPACE(m, p, tc, mymspace, elemsno*elemsize,
+	      ret=mspace_independent_calloc(m, elemsno, elemsize, chunks));
+	return ret;
+}
+void **nedpindependent_comalloc(nedpool *p, size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC
+{
+	void **ret;
+	threadcache *tc;
+	int mymspace;
+    size_t i, *adjustedsizes=(size_t *) alloca(elems*sizeof(size_t));
+    if(!adjustedsizes) return 0;
+    for(i=0; i<elems; i++)
+	adjustedsizes[i]=sizes[i]<sizeof(threadcacheblk) ? sizeof(threadcacheblk) : sizes[i];
+	GetThreadCache(&p, &tc, &mymspace, 0);
+	GETMSPACE(m, p, tc, mymspace, 0,
+	      ret=mspace_independent_comalloc(m, elems, adjustedsizes, chunks));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef OVERRIDE_STRDUP
+/*
+ * This implementation is purely there to override the libc version, to
+ * avoid a crash due to allocation and free on different 'heaps'.
+ */
+char *strdup(const char *s1)
+{
+	char *s2 = 0;
+	if (s1) {
+		s2 = malloc(strlen(s1) + 1);
+		strcpy(s2, s1);
+	}
+	return s2;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.h b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f960e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/* nedalloc, an alternative malloc implementation for multiple threads without
+lock contention based on dlmalloc v2.8.3. (C) 2005 Niall Douglas
+
+Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
+obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
+this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
+execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
+Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
+do so, all subject to the following:
+
+The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
+the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
+must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
+all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
+works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
+a source language processor.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef NEDMALLOC_H
+#define NEDMALLOC_H
+
+
+/* See malloc.c.h for what each function does.
+
+REPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR causes nedalloc's functions to be called malloc,
+free etc. instead of nedmalloc, nedfree etc. You may or may not want this.
+
+NO_NED_NAMESPACE prevents the functions from being defined in the nedalloc
+namespace when in C++ (uses the global namespace instead).
+
+EXTSPEC can be defined to be __declspec(dllexport) or
+__attribute__ ((visibility("default"))) or whatever you like. It defaults
+to extern.
+
+USE_LOCKS can be 2 if you want to define your own MLOCK_T, INITIAL_LOCK,
+ACQUIRE_LOCK, RELEASE_LOCK, TRY_LOCK, IS_LOCKED and NULL_LOCK_INITIALIZER.
+
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>   /* for size_t */
+
+#ifndef EXTSPEC
+ #define EXTSPEC extern
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
+ #define MALLOCATTR __declspec(restrict)
+#endif
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+ #define MALLOCATTR __attribute__ ((malloc))
+#endif
+#ifndef MALLOCATTR
+ #define MALLOCATTR
+#endif
+
+#ifdef REPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR
+ #define nedmalloc               malloc
+ #define nedcalloc               calloc
+ #define nedrealloc              realloc
+ #define nedfree                 free
+ #define nedmemalign             memalign
+ #define nedmallinfo             mallinfo
+ #define nedmallopt              mallopt
+ #define nedmalloc_trim          malloc_trim
+ #define nedmalloc_stats         malloc_stats
+ #define nedmalloc_footprint     malloc_footprint
+ #define nedindependent_calloc   independent_calloc
+ #define nedindependent_comalloc independent_comalloc
+ #ifdef _MSC_VER
+  #define nedblksize              _msize
+ #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NO_MALLINFO
+#define NO_MALLINFO 0
+#endif
+
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+struct mallinfo;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+ #if !defined(NO_NED_NAMESPACE)
+namespace nedalloc {
+ #else
+extern "C" {
+ #endif
+ #define THROWSPEC throw()
+#else
+ #define THROWSPEC
+#endif
+
+/* These are the global functions */
+
+/* Gets the usable size of an allocated block. Note this will always be bigger than what was
+asked for due to rounding etc.
+*/
+EXTSPEC size_t nedblksize(void *mem) THROWSPEC;
+
+EXTSPEC void nedsetvalue(void *v) THROWSPEC;
+
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedmalloc(size_t size) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedcalloc(size_t no, size_t size) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedrealloc(void *mem, size_t size) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC void   nedfree(void *mem) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedmemalign(size_t alignment, size_t bytes) THROWSPEC;
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+EXTSPEC struct mallinfo nedmallinfo(void) THROWSPEC;
+#endif
+EXTSPEC int    nedmallopt(int parno, int value) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC int    nedmalloc_trim(size_t pad) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC void   nedmalloc_stats(void) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC size_t nedmalloc_footprint(void) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void **nedindependent_calloc(size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void **nedindependent_comalloc(size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC;
+
+/* These are the pool functions */
+struct nedpool_t;
+typedef struct nedpool_t nedpool;
+
+/* Creates a memory pool for use with the nedp* functions below.
+Capacity is how much to allocate immediately (if you know you'll be allocating a lot
+of memory very soon) which you can leave at zero. Threads specifies how many threads
+will *normally* be accessing the pool concurrently. Setting this to zero means it
+extends on demand, but be careful of this as it can rapidly consume system resources
+where bursts of concurrent threads use a pool at once.
+*/
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR nedpool *nedcreatepool(size_t capacity, int threads) THROWSPEC;
+
+/* Destroys a memory pool previously created by nedcreatepool().
+*/
+EXTSPEC void neddestroypool(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC;
+
+/* Sets a value to be associated with a pool. You can retrieve this value by passing
+any memory block allocated from that pool.
+*/
+EXTSPEC void nedpsetvalue(nedpool *p, void *v) THROWSPEC;
+/* Gets a previously set value using nedpsetvalue() or zero if memory is unknown.
+Optionally can also retrieve pool.
+*/
+EXTSPEC void *nedgetvalue(nedpool **p, void *mem) THROWSPEC;
+
+/* Disables the thread cache for the calling thread, returning any existing cache
+data to the central pool.
+*/
+EXTSPEC void neddisablethreadcache(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC;
+
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedpmalloc(nedpool *p, size_t size) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedpcalloc(nedpool *p, size_t no, size_t size) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedprealloc(nedpool *p, void *mem, size_t size) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC void   nedpfree(nedpool *p, void *mem) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void * nedpmemalign(nedpool *p, size_t alignment, size_t bytes) THROWSPEC;
+#if !NO_MALLINFO
+EXTSPEC struct mallinfo nedpmallinfo(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC;
+#endif
+EXTSPEC int    nedpmallopt(nedpool *p, int parno, int value) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC int    nedpmalloc_trim(nedpool *p, size_t pad) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC void   nedpmalloc_stats(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC size_t nedpmalloc_footprint(nedpool *p) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void **nedpindependent_calloc(nedpool *p, size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC;
+EXTSPEC MALLOCATTR void **nedpindependent_comalloc(nedpool *p, size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC;
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+
+#undef MALLOCATTR
+#undef EXTSPEC
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/pread.c b/compat/pread.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..978cac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/pread.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+ssize_t git_pread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset)
+{
+        off_t current_offset;
+        ssize_t rc;
+
+        current_offset = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+
+        if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+                return -1;
+
+        rc = read_in_full(fd, buf, count);
+
+        if (current_offset != lseek(fd, current_offset, SEEK_SET))
+                return -1;
+        return rc;
+}
diff --git a/compat/qsort.c b/compat/qsort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d93dce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/qsort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+/*
+ * A merge sort implementation, simplified from the qsort implementation
+ * by Mike Haertel, which is a part of the GNU C Library.
+ */
+
+static void msort_with_tmp(void *b, size_t n, size_t s,
+			   int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *),
+			   char *t)
+{
+	char *tmp;
+	char *b1, *b2;
+	size_t n1, n2;
+
+	if (n <= 1)
+		return;
+
+	n1 = n / 2;
+	n2 = n - n1;
+	b1 = b;
+	b2 = (char *)b + (n1 * s);
+
+	msort_with_tmp(b1, n1, s, cmp, t);
+	msort_with_tmp(b2, n2, s, cmp, t);
+
+	tmp = t;
+
+	while (n1 > 0 && n2 > 0) {
+		if (cmp(b1, b2) <= 0) {
+			memcpy(tmp, b1, s);
+			tmp += s;
+			b1 += s;
+			--n1;
+		} else {
+			memcpy(tmp, b2, s);
+			tmp += s;
+			b2 += s;
+			--n2;
+		}
+	}
+	if (n1 > 0)
+		memcpy(tmp, b1, n1 * s);
+	memcpy(b, t, (n - n2) * s);
+}
+
+void git_qsort(void *b, size_t n, size_t s,
+	       int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	const size_t size = n * s;
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	if (size < sizeof(buf)) {
+		/* The temporary array fits on the small on-stack buffer. */
+		msort_with_tmp(b, n, s, cmp, buf);
+	} else {
+		/* It's somewhat large, so malloc it.  */
+		char *tmp = malloc(size);
+		msort_with_tmp(b, n, s, cmp, tmp);
+		free(tmp);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..556d8ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4924 @@
+/* Extended regular expression matching and search library,
+   version 0.12.
+   (Implements POSIX draft P10003.2/D11.2, except for
+   internationalization features.)
+
+   Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+
+/* AIX requires this to be the first thing in the file. */
+#if defined (_AIX) && !defined (REGEX_MALLOC)
+  #pragma alloca
+#endif
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+/* We need this for `regex.h', and perhaps for the Emacs include files.  */
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* We used to test for `BSTRING' here, but only GCC and Emacs define
+   `BSTRING', as far as I know, and neither of them use this code.  */
+#include <string.h>
+#ifndef bcmp
+#define bcmp(s1, s2, n)	memcmp ((s1), (s2), (n))
+#endif
+#ifndef bcopy
+#define bcopy(s, d, n)	memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
+#endif
+#ifndef bzero
+#define bzero(s, n)	memset ((s), 0, (n))
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+/* Define the syntax stuff for \<, \>, etc.  */
+
+/* This must be nonzero for the wordchar and notwordchar pattern
+   commands in re_match_2.  */
+#ifndef Sword
+#define Sword 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SYNTAX_TABLE
+
+extern char *re_syntax_table;
+
+#else /* not SYNTAX_TABLE */
+
+/* How many characters in the character set.  */
+#define CHAR_SET_SIZE 256
+
+static char re_syntax_table[CHAR_SET_SIZE];
+
+static void
+init_syntax_once ()
+{
+   register int c;
+   static int done = 0;
+
+   if (done)
+     return;
+
+   bzero (re_syntax_table, sizeof re_syntax_table);
+
+   for (c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++)
+     re_syntax_table[c] = Sword;
+
+   for (c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; c++)
+     re_syntax_table[c] = Sword;
+
+   for (c = '0'; c <= '9'; c++)
+     re_syntax_table[c] = Sword;
+
+   re_syntax_table['_'] = Sword;
+
+   done = 1;
+}
+
+#endif /* not SYNTAX_TABLE */
+
+#define SYNTAX(c) re_syntax_table[c]
+
+
+/* Get the interface, including the syntax bits.  */
+#include "regex.h"
+
+/* isalpha etc. are used for the character classes.  */
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#ifndef isascii
+#define isascii(c) 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isblank
+#define ISBLANK(c) (isascii (c) && isblank (c))
+#else
+#define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#endif
+#ifdef isgraph
+#define ISGRAPH(c) (isascii (c) && isgraph (c))
+#else
+#define ISGRAPH(c) (isascii (c) && isprint (c) && !isspace (c))
+#endif
+
+#define ISPRINT(c) (isascii (c) && isprint (c))
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (isascii (c) && isdigit (c))
+#define ISALNUM(c) (isascii (c) && isalnum (c))
+#define ISALPHA(c) (isascii (c) && isalpha (c))
+#define ISCNTRL(c) (isascii (c) && iscntrl (c))
+#define ISLOWER(c) (isascii (c) && islower (c))
+#define ISPUNCT(c) (isascii (c) && ispunct (c))
+#define ISSPACE(c) (isascii (c) && isspace (c))
+#define ISUPPER(c) (isascii (c) && isupper (c))
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (isascii (c) && isxdigit (c))
+
+#ifndef NULL
+#define NULL 0
+#endif
+
+/* We remove any previous definition of `SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR',
+   since ours (we hope) works properly with all combinations of
+   machines, compilers, `char' and `unsigned char' argument types.
+   (Per Bothner suggested the basic approach.)  */
+#undef SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR
+#if __STDC__
+#define SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR(c) ((signed char) (c))
+#else  /* not __STDC__ */
+/* As in Harbison and Steele.  */
+#define SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR(c) ((((unsigned char) (c)) ^ 128) - 128)
+#endif
+
+/* Should we use malloc or alloca?  If REGEX_MALLOC is not defined, we
+   use `alloca' instead of `malloc'.  This is because using malloc in
+   re_search* or re_match* could cause memory leaks when C-g is used in
+   Emacs; also, malloc is slower and causes storage fragmentation.  On
+   the other hand, malloc is more portable, and easier to debug.
+
+   Because we sometimes use alloca, some routines have to be macros,
+   not functions -- `alloca'-allocated space disappears at the end of the
+   function it is called in.  */
+
+#ifdef REGEX_MALLOC
+
+#define REGEX_ALLOCATE malloc
+#define REGEX_REALLOCATE(source, osize, nsize) realloc (source, nsize)
+
+#else /* not REGEX_MALLOC  */
+
+/* Emacs already defines alloca, sometimes.  */
+#ifndef alloca
+
+/* Make alloca work the best possible way.  */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define alloca __builtin_alloca
+#else /* not __GNUC__ */
+#if HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+#include <alloca.h>
+#else /* not __GNUC__ or HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
+#ifndef _AIX /* Already did AIX, up at the top.  */
+char *alloca ();
+#endif /* not _AIX */
+#endif /* not HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
+#endif /* not __GNUC__ */
+
+#endif /* not alloca */
+
+#define REGEX_ALLOCATE alloca
+
+/* Assumes a `char *destination' variable.  */
+#define REGEX_REALLOCATE(source, osize, nsize)				\
+  (destination = (char *) alloca (nsize),				\
+   bcopy (source, destination, osize),					\
+   destination)
+
+#endif /* not REGEX_MALLOC */
+
+
+/* True if `size1' is non-NULL and PTR is pointing anywhere inside
+   `string1' or just past its end.  This works if PTR is NULL, which is
+   a good thing.  */
+#define FIRST_STRING_P(ptr) 					\
+  (size1 && string1 <= (ptr) && (ptr) <= string1 + size1)
+
+/* (Re)Allocate N items of type T using malloc, or fail.  */
+#define TALLOC(n, t) ((t *) malloc ((n) * sizeof (t)))
+#define RETALLOC(addr, n, t) ((addr) = (t *) realloc (addr, (n) * sizeof (t)))
+#define REGEX_TALLOC(n, t) ((t *) REGEX_ALLOCATE ((n) * sizeof (t)))
+
+#define BYTEWIDTH 8 /* In bits.  */
+
+#define STREQ(s1, s2) ((strcmp (s1, s2) == 0))
+
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+typedef char boolean;
+#define false 0
+#define true 1
+
+/* These are the command codes that appear in compiled regular
+   expressions.  Some opcodes are followed by argument bytes.  A
+   command code can specify any interpretation whatsoever for its
+   arguments.  Zero bytes may appear in the compiled regular expression.
+
+   The value of `exactn' is needed in search.c (search_buffer) in Emacs.
+   So regex.h defines a symbol `RE_EXACTN_VALUE' to be 1; the value of
+   `exactn' we use here must also be 1.  */
+
+typedef enum
+{
+  no_op = 0,
+
+	/* Followed by one byte giving n, then by n literal bytes.  */
+  exactn = 1,
+
+	/* Matches any (more or less) character.  */
+  anychar,
+
+	/* Matches any one char belonging to specified set.  First
+	   following byte is number of bitmap bytes.  Then come bytes
+	   for a bitmap saying which chars are in.  Bits in each byte
+	   are ordered low-bit-first.  A character is in the set if its
+	   bit is 1.  A character too large to have a bit in the map is
+	   automatically not in the set.  */
+  charset,
+
+	/* Same parameters as charset, but match any character that is
+	   not one of those specified.  */
+  charset_not,
+
+	/* Start remembering the text that is matched, for storing in a
+	   register.  Followed by one byte with the register number, in
+	   the range 0 to one less than the pattern buffer's re_nsub
+	   field.  Then followed by one byte with the number of groups
+	   inner to this one.  (This last has to be part of the
+	   start_memory only because we need it in the on_failure_jump
+	   of re_match_2.)  */
+  start_memory,
+
+	/* Stop remembering the text that is matched and store it in a
+	   memory register.  Followed by one byte with the register
+	   number, in the range 0 to one less than `re_nsub' in the
+	   pattern buffer, and one byte with the number of inner groups,
+	   just like `start_memory'.  (We need the number of inner
+	   groups here because we don't have any easy way of finding the
+	   corresponding start_memory when we're at a stop_memory.)  */
+  stop_memory,
+
+	/* Match a duplicate of something remembered. Followed by one
+	   byte containing the register number.  */
+  duplicate,
+
+	/* Fail unless at beginning of line.  */
+  begline,
+
+	/* Fail unless at end of line.  */
+  endline,
+
+	/* Succeeds if at beginning of buffer (if emacs) or at beginning
+	   of string to be matched (if not).  */
+  begbuf,
+
+	/* Analogously, for end of buffer/string.  */
+  endbuf,
+
+	/* Followed by two byte relative address to which to jump.  */
+  jump,
+
+	/* Same as jump, but marks the end of an alternative.  */
+  jump_past_alt,
+
+	/* Followed by two-byte relative address of place to resume at
+	   in case of failure.  */
+  on_failure_jump,
+
+	/* Like on_failure_jump, but pushes a placeholder instead of the
+	   current string position when executed.  */
+  on_failure_keep_string_jump,
+
+	/* Throw away latest failure point and then jump to following
+	   two-byte relative address.  */
+  pop_failure_jump,
+
+	/* Change to pop_failure_jump if know won't have to backtrack to
+	   match; otherwise change to jump.  This is used to jump
+	   back to the beginning of a repeat.  If what follows this jump
+	   clearly won't match what the repeat does, such that we can be
+	   sure that there is no use backtracking out of repetitions
+	   already matched, then we change it to a pop_failure_jump.
+	   Followed by two-byte address.  */
+  maybe_pop_jump,
+
+	/* Jump to following two-byte address, and push a dummy failure
+	   point. This failure point will be thrown away if an attempt
+	   is made to use it for a failure.  A `+' construct makes this
+	   before the first repeat.  Also used as an intermediary kind
+	   of jump when compiling an alternative.  */
+  dummy_failure_jump,
+
+	/* Push a dummy failure point and continue.  Used at the end of
+	   alternatives.  */
+  push_dummy_failure,
+
+	/* Followed by two-byte relative address and two-byte number n.
+	   After matching N times, jump to the address upon failure.  */
+  succeed_n,
+
+	/* Followed by two-byte relative address, and two-byte number n.
+	   Jump to the address N times, then fail.  */
+  jump_n,
+
+	/* Set the following two-byte relative address to the
+	   subsequent two-byte number.  The address *includes* the two
+	   bytes of number.  */
+  set_number_at,
+
+  wordchar,	/* Matches any word-constituent character.  */
+  notwordchar,	/* Matches any char that is not a word-constituent.  */
+
+  wordbeg,	/* Succeeds if at word beginning.  */
+  wordend,	/* Succeeds if at word end.  */
+
+  wordbound,	/* Succeeds if at a word boundary.  */
+  notwordbound	/* Succeeds if not at a word boundary.  */
+
+#ifdef emacs
+  ,before_dot,	/* Succeeds if before point.  */
+  at_dot,	/* Succeeds if at point.  */
+  after_dot,	/* Succeeds if after point.  */
+
+	/* Matches any character whose syntax is specified.  Followed by
+	   a byte which contains a syntax code, e.g., Sword.  */
+  syntaxspec,
+
+	/* Matches any character whose syntax is not that specified.  */
+  notsyntaxspec
+#endif /* emacs */
+} re_opcode_t;
+
+/* Common operations on the compiled pattern.  */
+
+/* Store NUMBER in two contiguous bytes starting at DESTINATION.  */
+
+#define STORE_NUMBER(destination, number)				\
+  do {									\
+    (destination)[0] = (number) & 0377;					\
+    (destination)[1] = (number) >> 8;					\
+  } while (0)
+
+/* Same as STORE_NUMBER, except increment DESTINATION to
+   the byte after where the number is stored.  Therefore, DESTINATION
+   must be an lvalue.  */
+
+#define STORE_NUMBER_AND_INCR(destination, number)			\
+  do {									\
+    STORE_NUMBER (destination, number);					\
+    (destination) += 2;							\
+  } while (0)
+
+/* Put into DESTINATION a number stored in two contiguous bytes starting
+   at SOURCE.  */
+
+#define EXTRACT_NUMBER(destination, source)				\
+  do {									\
+    (destination) = *(source) & 0377;					\
+    (destination) += SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR (*((source) + 1)) << 8;		\
+  } while (0)
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void
+extract_number (dest, source)
+    int *dest;
+    unsigned char *source;
+{
+  int temp = SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR (*(source + 1));
+  *dest = *source & 0377;
+  *dest += temp << 8;
+}
+
+#ifndef EXTRACT_MACROS /* To debug the macros.  */
+#undef EXTRACT_NUMBER
+#define EXTRACT_NUMBER(dest, src) extract_number (&dest, src)
+#endif /* not EXTRACT_MACROS */
+
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+/* Same as EXTRACT_NUMBER, except increment SOURCE to after the number.
+   SOURCE must be an lvalue.  */
+
+#define EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR(destination, source)			\
+  do {									\
+    EXTRACT_NUMBER (destination, source);				\
+    (source) += 2; 							\
+  } while (0)
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void
+extract_number_and_incr (destination, source)
+    int *destination;
+    unsigned char **source;
+{
+  extract_number (destination, *source);
+  *source += 2;
+}
+
+#ifndef EXTRACT_MACROS
+#undef EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR
+#define EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR(dest, src) \
+  extract_number_and_incr (&dest, &src)
+#endif /* not EXTRACT_MACROS */
+
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+/* If DEBUG is defined, Regex prints many voluminous messages about what
+   it is doing (if the variable `debug' is nonzero).  If linked with the
+   main program in `iregex.c', you can enter patterns and strings
+   interactively.  And if linked with the main program in `main.c' and
+   the other test files, you can run the already-written tests.  */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+
+/* We use standard I/O for debugging.  */
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* It is useful to test things that ``must'' be true when debugging.  */
+#include <assert.h>
+
+static int debug = 0;
+
+#define DEBUG_STATEMENT(e) e
+#define DEBUG_PRINT1(x) if (debug) printf (x)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT2(x1, x2) if (debug) printf (x1, x2)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT3(x1, x2, x3) if (debug) printf (x1, x2, x3)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT4(x1, x2, x3, x4) if (debug) printf (x1, x2, x3, x4)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT_COMPILED_PATTERN(p, s, e) 				\
+  if (debug) print_partial_compiled_pattern (s, e)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT_DOUBLE_STRING(w, s1, sz1, s2, sz2)			\
+  if (debug) print_double_string (w, s1, sz1, s2, sz2)
+
+
+extern void printchar ();
+
+/* Print the fastmap in human-readable form.  */
+
+void
+print_fastmap (fastmap)
+    char *fastmap;
+{
+  unsigned was_a_range = 0;
+  unsigned i = 0;
+
+  while (i < (1 << BYTEWIDTH))
+    {
+      if (fastmap[i++])
+	{
+	  was_a_range = 0;
+	  printchar (i - 1);
+	  while (i < (1 << BYTEWIDTH)  &&  fastmap[i])
+	    {
+	      was_a_range = 1;
+	      i++;
+	    }
+	  if (was_a_range)
+	    {
+	      printf ("-");
+	      printchar (i - 1);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  putchar ('\n');
+}
+
+
+/* Print a compiled pattern string in human-readable form, starting at
+   the START pointer into it and ending just before the pointer END.  */
+
+void
+print_partial_compiled_pattern (start, end)
+    unsigned char *start;
+    unsigned char *end;
+{
+  int mcnt, mcnt2;
+  unsigned char *p = start;
+  unsigned char *pend = end;
+
+  if (start == NULL)
+    {
+      printf ("(null)\n");
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Loop over pattern commands.  */
+  while (p < pend)
+    {
+      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p++)
+	{
+	case no_op:
+	  printf ("/no_op");
+	  break;
+
+	case exactn:
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  printf ("/exactn/%d", mcnt);
+	  do
+	    {
+	      putchar ('/');
+	      printchar (*p++);
+	    }
+	  while (--mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case start_memory:
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  printf ("/start_memory/%d/%d", mcnt, *p++);
+	  break;
+
+	case stop_memory:
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  printf ("/stop_memory/%d/%d", mcnt, *p++);
+	  break;
+
+	case duplicate:
+	  printf ("/duplicate/%d", *p++);
+	  break;
+
+	case anychar:
+	  printf ("/anychar");
+	  break;
+
+	case charset:
+	case charset_not:
+	  {
+	    register int c;
+
+	    printf ("/charset%s",
+		    (re_opcode_t) *(p - 1) == charset_not ? "_not" : "");
+
+	    assert (p + *p < pend);
+
+	    for (c = 0; c < *p; c++)
+	      {
+		unsigned bit;
+		unsigned char map_byte = p[1 + c];
+
+		putchar ('/');
+
+		for (bit = 0; bit < BYTEWIDTH; bit++)
+		  if (map_byte & (1 << bit))
+		    printchar (c * BYTEWIDTH + bit);
+	      }
+	    p += 1 + *p;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	case begline:
+	  printf ("/begline");
+	  break;
+
+	case endline:
+	  printf ("/endline");
+	  break;
+
+	case on_failure_jump:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/on_failure_jump/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case on_failure_keep_string_jump:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/on_failure_keep_string_jump/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case dummy_failure_jump:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/dummy_failure_jump/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case push_dummy_failure:
+	  printf ("/push_dummy_failure");
+	  break;
+
+	case maybe_pop_jump:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/maybe_pop_jump/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case pop_failure_jump:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/pop_failure_jump/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case jump_past_alt:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/jump_past_alt/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case jump:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  printf ("/jump/0/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case succeed_n:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt2, &p);
+	  printf ("/succeed_n/0/%d/0/%d", mcnt, mcnt2);
+	  break;
+
+	case jump_n:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt2, &p);
+	  printf ("/jump_n/0/%d/0/%d", mcnt, mcnt2);
+	  break;
+
+	case set_number_at:
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt, &p);
+	  extract_number_and_incr (&mcnt2, &p);
+	  printf ("/set_number_at/0/%d/0/%d", mcnt, mcnt2);
+	  break;
+
+	case wordbound:
+	  printf ("/wordbound");
+	  break;
+
+	case notwordbound:
+	  printf ("/notwordbound");
+	  break;
+
+	case wordbeg:
+	  printf ("/wordbeg");
+	  break;
+
+	case wordend:
+	  printf ("/wordend");
+
+#ifdef emacs
+	case before_dot:
+	  printf ("/before_dot");
+	  break;
+
+	case at_dot:
+	  printf ("/at_dot");
+	  break;
+
+	case after_dot:
+	  printf ("/after_dot");
+	  break;
+
+	case syntaxspec:
+	  printf ("/syntaxspec");
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  printf ("/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+
+	case notsyntaxspec:
+	  printf ("/notsyntaxspec");
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  printf ("/%d", mcnt);
+	  break;
+#endif /* emacs */
+
+	case wordchar:
+	  printf ("/wordchar");
+	  break;
+
+	case notwordchar:
+	  printf ("/notwordchar");
+	  break;
+
+	case begbuf:
+	  printf ("/begbuf");
+	  break;
+
+	case endbuf:
+	  printf ("/endbuf");
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  printf ("?%d", *(p-1));
+	}
+    }
+  printf ("/\n");
+}
+
+
+void
+print_compiled_pattern (bufp)
+    struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+{
+  unsigned char *buffer = bufp->buffer;
+
+  print_partial_compiled_pattern (buffer, buffer + bufp->used);
+  printf ("%d bytes used/%d bytes allocated.\n", bufp->used, bufp->allocated);
+
+  if (bufp->fastmap_accurate && bufp->fastmap)
+    {
+      printf ("fastmap: ");
+      print_fastmap (bufp->fastmap);
+    }
+
+  printf ("re_nsub: %d\t", bufp->re_nsub);
+  printf ("regs_alloc: %d\t", bufp->regs_allocated);
+  printf ("can_be_null: %d\t", bufp->can_be_null);
+  printf ("newline_anchor: %d\n", bufp->newline_anchor);
+  printf ("no_sub: %d\t", bufp->no_sub);
+  printf ("not_bol: %d\t", bufp->not_bol);
+  printf ("not_eol: %d\t", bufp->not_eol);
+  printf ("syntax: %d\n", bufp->syntax);
+  /* Perhaps we should print the translate table?  */
+}
+
+
+void
+print_double_string (where, string1, size1, string2, size2)
+    const char *where;
+    const char *string1;
+    const char *string2;
+    int size1;
+    int size2;
+{
+  unsigned this_char;
+
+  if (where == NULL)
+    printf ("(null)");
+  else
+    {
+      if (FIRST_STRING_P (where))
+	{
+	  for (this_char = where - string1; this_char < size1; this_char++)
+	    printchar (string1[this_char]);
+
+	  where = string2;
+	}
+
+      for (this_char = where - string2; this_char < size2; this_char++)
+	printchar (string2[this_char]);
+    }
+}
+
+#else /* not DEBUG */
+
+#undef assert
+#define assert(e)
+
+#define DEBUG_STATEMENT(e)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT1(x)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT2(x1, x2)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT3(x1, x2, x3)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT4(x1, x2, x3, x4)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT_COMPILED_PATTERN(p, s, e)
+#define DEBUG_PRINT_DOUBLE_STRING(w, s1, sz1, s2, sz2)
+
+#endif /* not DEBUG */
+
+/* Set by `re_set_syntax' to the current regexp syntax to recognize.  Can
+   also be assigned to arbitrarily: each pattern buffer stores its own
+   syntax, so it can be changed between regex compilations.  */
+reg_syntax_t re_syntax_options = RE_SYNTAX_EMACS;
+
+
+/* Specify the precise syntax of regexps for compilation.  This provides
+   for compatibility for various utilities which historically have
+   different, incompatible syntaxes.
+
+   The argument SYNTAX is a bit mask comprised of the various bits
+   defined in regex.h.  We return the old syntax.  */
+
+reg_syntax_t
+re_set_syntax (syntax)
+    reg_syntax_t syntax;
+{
+  reg_syntax_t ret = re_syntax_options;
+
+  re_syntax_options = syntax;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* This table gives an error message for each of the error codes listed
+   in regex.h.  Obviously the order here has to be same as there.  */
+
+static const char *re_error_msg[] =
+  { NULL,					/* REG_NOERROR */
+    "No match",					/* REG_NOMATCH */
+    "Invalid regular expression",		/* REG_BADPAT */
+    "Invalid collation character",		/* REG_ECOLLATE */
+    "Invalid character class name",		/* REG_ECTYPE */
+    "Trailing backslash",			/* REG_EESCAPE */
+    "Invalid back reference",			/* REG_ESUBREG */
+    "Unmatched [ or [^",			/* REG_EBRACK */
+    "Unmatched ( or \\(",			/* REG_EPAREN */
+    "Unmatched \\{",				/* REG_EBRACE */
+    "Invalid content of \\{\\}",		/* REG_BADBR */
+    "Invalid range end",			/* REG_ERANGE */
+    "Memory exhausted",				/* REG_ESPACE */
+    "Invalid preceding regular expression",	/* REG_BADRPT */
+    "Premature end of regular expression",	/* REG_EEND */
+    "Regular expression too big",		/* REG_ESIZE */
+    "Unmatched ) or \\)",			/* REG_ERPAREN */
+  };
+
+/* Subroutine declarations and macros for regex_compile.  */
+
+static void store_op1 (), store_op2 ();
+static void insert_op1 (), insert_op2 ();
+static boolean at_begline_loc_p (), at_endline_loc_p ();
+static boolean group_in_compile_stack ();
+static reg_errcode_t compile_range ();
+
+/* Fetch the next character in the uncompiled pattern---translating it
+   if necessary.  Also cast from a signed character in the constant
+   string passed to us by the user to an unsigned char that we can use
+   as an array index (in, e.g., `translate').  */
+#define PATFETCH(c)							\
+  do {if (p == pend) return REG_EEND;					\
+    c = (unsigned char) *p++;						\
+    if (translate) c = translate[c]; 					\
+  } while (0)
+
+/* Fetch the next character in the uncompiled pattern, with no
+   translation.  */
+#define PATFETCH_RAW(c)							\
+  do {if (p == pend) return REG_EEND;					\
+    c = (unsigned char) *p++; 						\
+  } while (0)
+
+/* Go backwards one character in the pattern.  */
+#define PATUNFETCH p--
+
+
+/* If `translate' is non-null, return translate[D], else just D.  We
+   cast the subscript to translate because some data is declared as
+   `char *', to avoid warnings when a string constant is passed.  But
+   when we use a character as a subscript we must make it unsigned.  */
+#define TRANSLATE(d) (translate ? translate[(unsigned char) (d)] : (d))
+
+
+/* Macros for outputting the compiled pattern into `buffer'.  */
+
+/* If the buffer isn't allocated when it comes in, use this.  */
+#define INIT_BUF_SIZE  32
+
+/* Make sure we have at least N more bytes of space in buffer.  */
+#define GET_BUFFER_SPACE(n)						\
+    while (b - bufp->buffer + (n) > bufp->allocated)			\
+      EXTEND_BUFFER ()
+
+/* Make sure we have one more byte of buffer space and then add C to it.  */
+#define BUF_PUSH(c)							\
+  do {									\
+    GET_BUFFER_SPACE (1);						\
+    *b++ = (unsigned char) (c);						\
+  } while (0)
+
+
+/* Ensure we have two more bytes of buffer space and then append C1 and C2.  */
+#define BUF_PUSH_2(c1, c2)						\
+  do {									\
+    GET_BUFFER_SPACE (2);						\
+    *b++ = (unsigned char) (c1);					\
+    *b++ = (unsigned char) (c2);					\
+  } while (0)
+
+
+/* As with BUF_PUSH_2, except for three bytes.  */
+#define BUF_PUSH_3(c1, c2, c3)						\
+  do {									\
+    GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);						\
+    *b++ = (unsigned char) (c1);					\
+    *b++ = (unsigned char) (c2);					\
+    *b++ = (unsigned char) (c3);					\
+  } while (0)
+
+
+/* Store a jump with opcode OP at LOC to location TO.  We store a
+   relative address offset by the three bytes the jump itself occupies.  */
+#define STORE_JUMP(op, loc, to) \
+  store_op1 (op, loc, (to) - (loc) - 3)
+
+/* Likewise, for a two-argument jump.  */
+#define STORE_JUMP2(op, loc, to, arg) \
+  store_op2 (op, loc, (to) - (loc) - 3, arg)
+
+/* Like `STORE_JUMP', but for inserting.  Assume `b' is the buffer end.  */
+#define INSERT_JUMP(op, loc, to) \
+  insert_op1 (op, loc, (to) - (loc) - 3, b)
+
+/* Like `STORE_JUMP2', but for inserting.  Assume `b' is the buffer end.  */
+#define INSERT_JUMP2(op, loc, to, arg) \
+  insert_op2 (op, loc, (to) - (loc) - 3, arg, b)
+
+
+/* This is not an arbitrary limit: the arguments which represent offsets
+   into the pattern are two bytes long.  So if 2^16 bytes turns out to
+   be too small, many things would have to change.  */
+#define MAX_BUF_SIZE (1L << 16)
+
+
+/* Extend the buffer by twice its current size via realloc and
+   reset the pointers that pointed into the old block to point to the
+   correct places in the new one.  If extending the buffer results in it
+   being larger than MAX_BUF_SIZE, then flag memory exhausted.  */
+#define EXTEND_BUFFER()							\
+  do { 									\
+    unsigned char *old_buffer = bufp->buffer;				\
+    if (bufp->allocated == MAX_BUF_SIZE) 				\
+      return REG_ESIZE;							\
+    bufp->allocated <<= 1;						\
+    if (bufp->allocated > MAX_BUF_SIZE)					\
+      bufp->allocated = MAX_BUF_SIZE; 					\
+    bufp->buffer = (unsigned char *) realloc (bufp->buffer, bufp->allocated);\
+    if (bufp->buffer == NULL)						\
+      return REG_ESPACE;						\
+    /* If the buffer moved, move all the pointers into it.  */		\
+    if (old_buffer != bufp->buffer)					\
+      {									\
+	b = (b - old_buffer) + bufp->buffer;				\
+	begalt = (begalt - old_buffer) + bufp->buffer;			\
+	if (fixup_alt_jump)						\
+	  fixup_alt_jump = (fixup_alt_jump - old_buffer) + bufp->buffer;\
+	if (laststart)							\
+	  laststart = (laststart - old_buffer) + bufp->buffer;		\
+	if (pending_exact)						\
+	  pending_exact = (pending_exact - old_buffer) + bufp->buffer;	\
+      }									\
+  } while (0)
+
+
+/* Since we have one byte reserved for the register number argument to
+   {start,stop}_memory, the maximum number of groups we can report
+   things about is what fits in that byte.  */
+#define MAX_REGNUM 255
+
+/* But patterns can have more than `MAX_REGNUM' registers.  We just
+   ignore the excess.  */
+typedef unsigned regnum_t;
+
+
+/* Macros for the compile stack.  */
+
+/* Since offsets can go either forwards or backwards, this type needs to
+   be able to hold values from -(MAX_BUF_SIZE - 1) to MAX_BUF_SIZE - 1.  */
+typedef int pattern_offset_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  pattern_offset_t begalt_offset;
+  pattern_offset_t fixup_alt_jump;
+  pattern_offset_t inner_group_offset;
+  pattern_offset_t laststart_offset;
+  regnum_t regnum;
+} compile_stack_elt_t;
+
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  compile_stack_elt_t *stack;
+  unsigned size;
+  unsigned avail;			/* Offset of next open position.  */
+} compile_stack_type;
+
+
+#define INIT_COMPILE_STACK_SIZE 32
+
+#define COMPILE_STACK_EMPTY  (compile_stack.avail == 0)
+#define COMPILE_STACK_FULL  (compile_stack.avail == compile_stack.size)
+
+/* The next available element.  */
+#define COMPILE_STACK_TOP (compile_stack.stack[compile_stack.avail])
+
+
+/* Set the bit for character C in a list.  */
+#define SET_LIST_BIT(c)                               \
+  (b[((unsigned char) (c)) / BYTEWIDTH]               \
+   |= 1 << (((unsigned char) c) % BYTEWIDTH))
+
+
+/* Get the next unsigned number in the uncompiled pattern.  */
+#define GET_UNSIGNED_NUMBER(num) 					\
+  { if (p != pend)							\
+     {									\
+       PATFETCH (c); 							\
+       while (ISDIGIT (c)) 						\
+	 { 								\
+	   if (num < 0)							\
+	      num = 0;							\
+	   num = num * 10 + c - '0'; 					\
+	   if (p == pend) 						\
+	      break; 							\
+	   PATFETCH (c);						\
+	 } 								\
+       } 								\
+    }
+
+#define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH  6 /* Namely, `xdigit'.  */
+
+#define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string)						\
+   (STREQ (string, "alpha") || STREQ (string, "upper")			\
+    || STREQ (string, "lower") || STREQ (string, "digit")		\
+    || STREQ (string, "alnum") || STREQ (string, "xdigit")		\
+    || STREQ (string, "space") || STREQ (string, "print")		\
+    || STREQ (string, "punct") || STREQ (string, "graph")		\
+    || STREQ (string, "cntrl") || STREQ (string, "blank"))
+
+/* `regex_compile' compiles PATTERN (of length SIZE) according to SYNTAX.
+   Returns one of error codes defined in `regex.h', or zero for success.
+
+   Assumes the `allocated' (and perhaps `buffer') and `translate'
+   fields are set in BUFP on entry.
+
+   If it succeeds, results are put in BUFP (if it returns an error, the
+   contents of BUFP are undefined):
+     `buffer' is the compiled pattern;
+     `syntax' is set to SYNTAX;
+     `used' is set to the length of the compiled pattern;
+     `fastmap_accurate' is zero;
+     `re_nsub' is the number of subexpressions in PATTERN;
+     `not_bol' and `not_eol' are zero;
+
+   The `fastmap' and `newline_anchor' fields are neither
+   examined nor set.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+regex_compile (pattern, size, syntax, bufp)
+     const char *pattern;
+     int size;
+     reg_syntax_t syntax;
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+{
+  /* We fetch characters from PATTERN here.  Even though PATTERN is
+     `char *' (i.e., signed), we declare these variables as unsigned, so
+     they can be reliably used as array indices.  */
+  register unsigned char c, c1;
+
+  /* A random temporary spot in PATTERN.  */
+  const char *p1;
+
+  /* Points to the end of the buffer, where we should append.  */
+  register unsigned char *b;
+
+  /* Keeps track of unclosed groups.  */
+  compile_stack_type compile_stack;
+
+  /* Points to the current (ending) position in the pattern.  */
+  const char *p = pattern;
+  const char *pend = pattern + size;
+
+  /* How to translate the characters in the pattern.  */
+  char *translate = bufp->translate;
+
+  /* Address of the count-byte of the most recently inserted `exactn'
+     command.  This makes it possible to tell if a new exact-match
+     character can be added to that command or if the character requires
+     a new `exactn' command.  */
+  unsigned char *pending_exact = 0;
+
+  /* Address of start of the most recently finished expression.
+     This tells, e.g., postfix * where to find the start of its
+     operand.  Reset at the beginning of groups and alternatives.  */
+  unsigned char *laststart = 0;
+
+  /* Address of beginning of regexp, or inside of last group.  */
+  unsigned char *begalt;
+
+  /* Place in the uncompiled pattern (i.e., the {) to
+     which to go back if the interval is invalid.  */
+  const char *beg_interval;
+
+  /* Address of the place where a forward jump should go to the end of
+     the containing expression.  Each alternative of an `or' -- except the
+     last -- ends with a forward jump of this sort.  */
+  unsigned char *fixup_alt_jump = 0;
+
+  /* Counts open-groups as they are encountered.  Remembered for the
+     matching close-group on the compile stack, so the same register
+     number is put in the stop_memory as the start_memory.  */
+  regnum_t regnum = 0;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\nCompiling pattern: ");
+  if (debug)
+    {
+      unsigned debug_count;
+
+      for (debug_count = 0; debug_count < size; debug_count++)
+	printchar (pattern[debug_count]);
+      putchar ('\n');
+    }
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+  /* Initialize the compile stack.  */
+  compile_stack.stack = TALLOC (INIT_COMPILE_STACK_SIZE, compile_stack_elt_t);
+  if (compile_stack.stack == NULL)
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+
+  compile_stack.size = INIT_COMPILE_STACK_SIZE;
+  compile_stack.avail = 0;
+
+  /* Initialize the pattern buffer.  */
+  bufp->syntax = syntax;
+  bufp->fastmap_accurate = 0;
+  bufp->not_bol = bufp->not_eol = 0;
+
+  /* Set `used' to zero, so that if we return an error, the pattern
+     printer (for debugging) will think there's no pattern.  We reset it
+     at the end.  */
+  bufp->used = 0;
+
+  /* Always count groups, whether or not bufp->no_sub is set.  */
+  bufp->re_nsub = 0;
+
+#if !defined (emacs) && !defined (SYNTAX_TABLE)
+  /* Initialize the syntax table.  */
+   init_syntax_once ();
+#endif
+
+  if (bufp->allocated == 0)
+    {
+      if (bufp->buffer)
+	{ /* If zero allocated, but buffer is non-null, try to realloc
+	     enough space.  This loses if buffer's address is bogus, but
+	     that is the user's responsibility.  */
+	  RETALLOC (bufp->buffer, INIT_BUF_SIZE, unsigned char);
+	}
+      else
+	{ /* Caller did not allocate a buffer.  Do it for them.  */
+	  bufp->buffer = TALLOC (INIT_BUF_SIZE, unsigned char);
+	}
+      if (!bufp->buffer) return REG_ESPACE;
+
+      bufp->allocated = INIT_BUF_SIZE;
+    }
+
+  begalt = b = bufp->buffer;
+
+  /* Loop through the uncompiled pattern until we're at the end.  */
+  while (p != pend)
+    {
+      PATFETCH (c);
+
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case '^':
+	  {
+	    if (   /* If at start of pattern, it's an operator.  */
+		   p == pattern + 1
+		   /* If context independent, it's an operator.  */
+		|| syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS
+		   /* Otherwise, depends on what's come before.  */
+		|| at_begline_loc_p (pattern, p, syntax))
+	      BUF_PUSH (begline);
+	    else
+	      goto normal_char;
+	  }
+	  break;
+
+
+	case '$':
+	  {
+	    if (   /* If at end of pattern, it's an operator.  */
+		   p == pend
+		   /* If context independent, it's an operator.  */
+		|| syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS
+		   /* Otherwise, depends on what's next.  */
+		|| at_endline_loc_p (p, pend, syntax))
+	       BUF_PUSH (endline);
+	     else
+	       goto normal_char;
+	   }
+	   break;
+
+
+	case '+':
+	case '?':
+	  if ((syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM)
+	      || (syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS))
+	    goto normal_char;
+	handle_plus:
+	case '*':
+	  /* If there is no previous pattern... */
+	  if (!laststart)
+	    {
+	      if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS)
+		return REG_BADRPT;
+	      else if (!(syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS))
+		goto normal_char;
+	    }
+
+	  {
+	    /* Are we optimizing this jump?  */
+	    boolean keep_string_p = false;
+
+	    /* 1 means zero (many) matches is allowed.  */
+	    char zero_times_ok = 0, many_times_ok = 0;
+
+	    /* If there is a sequence of repetition chars, collapse it
+	       down to just one (the right one).  We can't combine
+	       interval operators with these because of, e.g., `a{2}*',
+	       which should only match an even number of `a's.  */
+
+	    for (;;)
+	      {
+		zero_times_ok |= c != '+';
+		many_times_ok |= c != '?';
+
+		if (p == pend)
+		  break;
+
+		PATFETCH (c);
+
+		if (c == '*'
+		    || (!(syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM) && (c == '+' || c == '?')))
+		  ;
+
+		else if (syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM  &&  c == '\\')
+		  {
+		    if (p == pend) return REG_EESCAPE;
+
+		    PATFETCH (c1);
+		    if (!(c1 == '+' || c1 == '?'))
+		      {
+			PATUNFETCH;
+			PATUNFETCH;
+			break;
+		      }
+
+		    c = c1;
+		  }
+		else
+		  {
+		    PATUNFETCH;
+		    break;
+		  }
+
+		/* If we get here, we found another repeat character.  */
+	       }
+
+	    /* Star, etc. applied to an empty pattern is equivalent
+	       to an empty pattern.  */
+	    if (!laststart)
+	      break;
+
+	    /* Now we know whether or not zero matches is allowed
+	       and also whether or not two or more matches is allowed.  */
+	    if (many_times_ok)
+	      { /* More than one repetition is allowed, so put in at the
+		   end a backward relative jump from `b' to before the next
+		   jump we're going to put in below (which jumps from
+		   laststart to after this jump).
+
+		   But if we are at the `*' in the exact sequence `.*\n',
+		   insert an unconditional jump backwards to the .,
+		   instead of the beginning of the loop.  This way we only
+		   push a failure point once, instead of every time
+		   through the loop.  */
+		assert (p - 1 > pattern);
+
+		/* Allocate the space for the jump.  */
+		GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);
+
+		/* We know we are not at the first character of the pattern,
+		   because laststart was nonzero.  And we've already
+		   incremented `p', by the way, to be the character after
+		   the `*'.  Do we have to do something analogous here
+		   for null bytes, because of RE_DOT_NOT_NULL?  */
+		if (TRANSLATE (*(p - 2)) == TRANSLATE ('.')
+		    && zero_times_ok
+		    && p < pend && TRANSLATE (*p) == TRANSLATE ('\n')
+		    && !(syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE))
+		  { /* We have .*\n.  */
+		    STORE_JUMP (jump, b, laststart);
+		    keep_string_p = true;
+		  }
+		else
+		  /* Anything else.  */
+		  STORE_JUMP (maybe_pop_jump, b, laststart - 3);
+
+		/* We've added more stuff to the buffer.  */
+		b += 3;
+	      }
+
+	    /* On failure, jump from laststart to b + 3, which will be the
+	       end of the buffer after this jump is inserted.  */
+	    GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);
+	    INSERT_JUMP (keep_string_p ? on_failure_keep_string_jump
+				       : on_failure_jump,
+			 laststart, b + 3);
+	    pending_exact = 0;
+	    b += 3;
+
+	    if (!zero_times_ok)
+	      {
+		/* At least one repetition is required, so insert a
+		   `dummy_failure_jump' before the initial
+		   `on_failure_jump' instruction of the loop. This
+		   effects a skip over that instruction the first time
+		   we hit that loop.  */
+		GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);
+		INSERT_JUMP (dummy_failure_jump, laststart, laststart + 6);
+		b += 3;
+	      }
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+
+	case '.':
+	  laststart = b;
+	  BUF_PUSH (anychar);
+	  break;
+
+
+	case '[':
+	  {
+	    boolean had_char_class = false;
+
+	    if (p == pend) return REG_EBRACK;
+
+	    /* Ensure that we have enough space to push a charset: the
+	       opcode, the length count, and the bitset; 34 bytes in all.  */
+	    GET_BUFFER_SPACE (34);
+
+	    laststart = b;
+
+	    /* We test `*p == '^' twice, instead of using an if
+	       statement, so we only need one BUF_PUSH.  */
+	    BUF_PUSH (*p == '^' ? charset_not : charset);
+	    if (*p == '^')
+	      p++;
+
+	    /* Remember the first position in the bracket expression.  */
+	    p1 = p;
+
+	    /* Push the number of bytes in the bitmap.  */
+	    BUF_PUSH ((1 << BYTEWIDTH) / BYTEWIDTH);
+
+	    /* Clear the whole map.  */
+	    bzero (b, (1 << BYTEWIDTH) / BYTEWIDTH);
+
+	    /* charset_not matches newline according to a syntax bit.  */
+	    if ((re_opcode_t) b[-2] == charset_not
+		&& (syntax & RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE))
+	      SET_LIST_BIT ('\n');
+
+	    /* Read in characters and ranges, setting map bits.  */
+	    for (;;)
+	      {
+		if (p == pend) return REG_EBRACK;
+
+		PATFETCH (c);
+
+		/* \ might escape characters inside [...] and [^...].  */
+		if ((syntax & RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS) && c == '\\')
+		  {
+		    if (p == pend) return REG_EESCAPE;
+
+		    PATFETCH (c1);
+		    SET_LIST_BIT (c1);
+		    continue;
+		  }
+
+		/* Could be the end of the bracket expression.  If it's
+		   not (i.e., when the bracket expression is `[]' so
+		   far), the ']' character bit gets set way below.  */
+		if (c == ']' && p != p1 + 1)
+		  break;
+
+		/* Look ahead to see if it's a range when the last thing
+		   was a character class.  */
+		if (had_char_class && c == '-' && *p != ']')
+		  return REG_ERANGE;
+
+		/* Look ahead to see if it's a range when the last thing
+		   was a character: if this is a hyphen not at the
+		   beginning or the end of a list, then it's the range
+		   operator.  */
+		if (c == '-'
+		    && !(p - 2 >= pattern && p[-2] == '[')
+		    && !(p - 3 >= pattern && p[-3] == '[' && p[-2] == '^')
+		    && *p != ']')
+		  {
+		    reg_errcode_t ret
+		      = compile_range (&p, pend, translate, syntax, b);
+		    if (ret != REG_NOERROR) return ret;
+		  }
+
+		else if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] != ']')
+		  { /* This handles ranges made up of characters only.  */
+		    reg_errcode_t ret;
+
+		    /* Move past the `-'.  */
+		    PATFETCH (c1);
+
+		    ret = compile_range (&p, pend, translate, syntax, b);
+		    if (ret != REG_NOERROR) return ret;
+		  }
+
+		/* See if we're at the beginning of a possible character
+		   class.  */
+
+		else if (syntax & RE_CHAR_CLASSES && c == '[' && *p == ':')
+		  { /* Leave room for the null.  */
+		    char str[CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
+
+		    PATFETCH (c);
+		    c1 = 0;
+
+		    /* If pattern is `[[:'.  */
+		    if (p == pend) return REG_EBRACK;
+
+		    for (;;)
+		      {
+			PATFETCH (c);
+			if (c == ':' || c == ']' || p == pend
+			    || c1 == CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
+			  break;
+			str[c1++] = c;
+		      }
+		    str[c1] = '\0';
+
+		    /* If isn't a word bracketed by `[:' and:`]':
+		       undo the ending character, the letters, and leave
+		       the leading `:' and `[' (but set bits for them).  */
+		    if (c == ':' && *p == ']')
+		      {
+			int ch;
+			boolean is_alnum = STREQ (str, "alnum");
+			boolean is_alpha = STREQ (str, "alpha");
+			boolean is_blank = STREQ (str, "blank");
+			boolean is_cntrl = STREQ (str, "cntrl");
+			boolean is_digit = STREQ (str, "digit");
+			boolean is_graph = STREQ (str, "graph");
+			boolean is_lower = STREQ (str, "lower");
+			boolean is_print = STREQ (str, "print");
+			boolean is_punct = STREQ (str, "punct");
+			boolean is_space = STREQ (str, "space");
+			boolean is_upper = STREQ (str, "upper");
+			boolean is_xdigit = STREQ (str, "xdigit");
+
+			if (!IS_CHAR_CLASS (str)) return REG_ECTYPE;
+
+			/* Throw away the ] at the end of the character
+			   class.  */
+			PATFETCH (c);
+
+			if (p == pend) return REG_EBRACK;
+
+			for (ch = 0; ch < 1 << BYTEWIDTH; ch++)
+			  {
+			    if (   (is_alnum  && ISALNUM (ch))
+				|| (is_alpha  && ISALPHA (ch))
+				|| (is_blank  && ISBLANK (ch))
+				|| (is_cntrl  && ISCNTRL (ch))
+				|| (is_digit  && ISDIGIT (ch))
+				|| (is_graph  && ISGRAPH (ch))
+				|| (is_lower  && ISLOWER (ch))
+				|| (is_print  && ISPRINT (ch))
+				|| (is_punct  && ISPUNCT (ch))
+				|| (is_space  && ISSPACE (ch))
+				|| (is_upper  && ISUPPER (ch))
+				|| (is_xdigit && ISXDIGIT (ch)))
+			    SET_LIST_BIT (ch);
+			  }
+			had_char_class = true;
+		      }
+		    else
+		      {
+			c1++;
+			while (c1--)
+			  PATUNFETCH;
+			SET_LIST_BIT ('[');
+			SET_LIST_BIT (':');
+			had_char_class = false;
+		      }
+		  }
+		else
+		  {
+		    had_char_class = false;
+		    SET_LIST_BIT (c);
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	    /* Discard any (non)matching list bytes that are all 0 at the
+	       end of the map.  Decrease the map-length byte too.  */
+	    while ((int) b[-1] > 0 && b[b[-1] - 1] == 0)
+	      b[-1]--;
+	    b += b[-1];
+	  }
+	  break;
+
+
+	case '(':
+	  if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
+	    goto handle_open;
+	  else
+	    goto normal_char;
+
+
+	case ')':
+	  if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
+	    goto handle_close;
+	  else
+	    goto normal_char;
+
+
+	case '\n':
+	  if (syntax & RE_NEWLINE_ALT)
+	    goto handle_alt;
+	  else
+	    goto normal_char;
+
+
+	case '|':
+	  if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR)
+	    goto handle_alt;
+	  else
+	    goto normal_char;
+
+
+	case '{':
+	   if (syntax & RE_INTERVALS && syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)
+	     goto handle_interval;
+	   else
+	     goto normal_char;
+
+
+	case '\\':
+	  if (p == pend) return REG_EESCAPE;
+
+	  /* Do not translate the character after the \, so that we can
+	     distinguish, e.g., \B from \b, even if we normally would
+	     translate, e.g., B to b.  */
+	  PATFETCH_RAW (c);
+
+	  switch (c)
+	    {
+	    case '(':
+	      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
+		goto normal_backslash;
+
+	    handle_open:
+	      bufp->re_nsub++;
+	      regnum++;
+
+	      if (COMPILE_STACK_FULL)
+		{
+		  RETALLOC (compile_stack.stack, compile_stack.size << 1,
+			    compile_stack_elt_t);
+		  if (compile_stack.stack == NULL) return REG_ESPACE;
+
+		  compile_stack.size <<= 1;
+		}
+
+	      /* These are the values to restore when we hit end of this
+		 group.  They are all relative offsets, so that if the
+		 whole pattern moves because of realloc, they will still
+		 be valid.  */
+	      COMPILE_STACK_TOP.begalt_offset = begalt - bufp->buffer;
+	      COMPILE_STACK_TOP.fixup_alt_jump
+		= fixup_alt_jump ? fixup_alt_jump - bufp->buffer + 1 : 0;
+	      COMPILE_STACK_TOP.laststart_offset = b - bufp->buffer;
+	      COMPILE_STACK_TOP.regnum = regnum;
+
+	      /* We will eventually replace the 0 with the number of
+		 groups inner to this one.  But do not push a
+		 start_memory for groups beyond the last one we can
+		 represent in the compiled pattern.  */
+	      if (regnum <= MAX_REGNUM)
+		{
+		  COMPILE_STACK_TOP.inner_group_offset = b - bufp->buffer + 2;
+		  BUF_PUSH_3 (start_memory, regnum, 0);
+		}
+
+	      compile_stack.avail++;
+
+	      fixup_alt_jump = 0;
+	      laststart = 0;
+	      begalt = b;
+	      /* If we've reached MAX_REGNUM groups, then this open
+		 won't actually generate any code, so we'll have to
+		 clear pending_exact explicitly.  */
+	      pending_exact = 0;
+	      break;
+
+
+	    case ')':
+	      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS) goto normal_backslash;
+
+	      if (COMPILE_STACK_EMPTY)
+	      {
+		if (syntax & RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+		  goto normal_backslash;
+		else
+		  return REG_ERPAREN;
+	      }
+
+	    handle_close:
+	      if (fixup_alt_jump)
+		{ /* Push a dummy failure point at the end of the
+		     alternative for a possible future
+		     `pop_failure_jump' to pop.  See comments at
+		     `push_dummy_failure' in `re_match_2'.  */
+		  BUF_PUSH (push_dummy_failure);
+
+		  /* We allocated space for this jump when we assigned
+		     to `fixup_alt_jump', in the `handle_alt' case below.  */
+		  STORE_JUMP (jump_past_alt, fixup_alt_jump, b - 1);
+		}
+
+	      /* See similar code for backslashed left paren above.  */
+	      if (COMPILE_STACK_EMPTY)
+	      {
+		if (syntax & RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+		  goto normal_char;
+		else
+		  return REG_ERPAREN;
+	      }
+
+	      /* Since we just checked for an empty stack above, this
+		 ``can't happen''.  */
+	      assert (compile_stack.avail != 0);
+	      {
+		/* We don't just want to restore into `regnum', because
+		   later groups should continue to be numbered higher,
+		   as in `(ab)c(de)' -- the second group is #2.  */
+		regnum_t this_group_regnum;
+
+		compile_stack.avail--;
+		begalt = bufp->buffer + COMPILE_STACK_TOP.begalt_offset;
+		fixup_alt_jump
+		  = COMPILE_STACK_TOP.fixup_alt_jump
+		    ? bufp->buffer + COMPILE_STACK_TOP.fixup_alt_jump - 1
+		    : 0;
+		laststart = bufp->buffer + COMPILE_STACK_TOP.laststart_offset;
+		this_group_regnum = COMPILE_STACK_TOP.regnum;
+		/* If we've reached MAX_REGNUM groups, then this open
+		   won't actually generate any code, so we'll have to
+		   clear pending_exact explicitly.  */
+		pending_exact = 0;
+
+		/* We're at the end of the group, so now we know how many
+		   groups were inside this one.  */
+		if (this_group_regnum <= MAX_REGNUM)
+		  {
+		    unsigned char *inner_group_loc
+		      = bufp->buffer + COMPILE_STACK_TOP.inner_group_offset;
+
+		    *inner_group_loc = regnum - this_group_regnum;
+		    BUF_PUSH_3 (stop_memory, this_group_regnum,
+				regnum - this_group_regnum);
+		  }
+	      }
+	      break;
+
+
+	    case '|':					/* `\|'.  */
+	      if (syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS || syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR)
+		goto normal_backslash;
+	    handle_alt:
+	      if (syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS)
+		goto normal_char;
+
+	      /* Insert before the previous alternative a jump which
+		 jumps to this alternative if the former fails.  */
+	      GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);
+	      INSERT_JUMP (on_failure_jump, begalt, b + 6);
+	      pending_exact = 0;
+	      b += 3;
+
+	      /* The alternative before this one has a jump after it
+		 which gets executed if it gets matched.  Adjust that
+		 jump so it will jump to this alternative's analogous
+		 jump (put in below, which in turn will jump to the next
+		 (if any) alternative's such jump, etc.).  The last such
+		 jump jumps to the correct final destination.  A picture:
+			  _____ _____
+			  |   | |   |
+			  |   v |   v
+			 a | b   | c
+
+		 If we are at `b', then fixup_alt_jump right now points to a
+		 three-byte space after `a'.  We'll put in the jump, set
+		 fixup_alt_jump to right after `b', and leave behind three
+		 bytes which we'll fill in when we get to after `c'.  */
+
+	      if (fixup_alt_jump)
+		STORE_JUMP (jump_past_alt, fixup_alt_jump, b);
+
+	      /* Mark and leave space for a jump after this alternative,
+		 to be filled in later either by next alternative or
+		 when know we're at the end of a series of alternatives.  */
+	      fixup_alt_jump = b;
+	      GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);
+	      b += 3;
+
+	      laststart = 0;
+	      begalt = b;
+	      break;
+
+
+	    case '{':
+	      /* If \{ is a literal.  */
+	      if (!(syntax & RE_INTERVALS)
+		     /* If we're at `\{' and it's not the open-interval
+			operator.  */
+		  || ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
+		  || (p - 2 == pattern  &&  p == pend))
+		goto normal_backslash;
+
+	    handle_interval:
+	      {
+		/* If got here, then the syntax allows intervals.  */
+
+		/* At least (most) this many matches must be made.  */
+		int lower_bound = -1, upper_bound = -1;
+
+		beg_interval = p - 1;
+
+		if (p == pend)
+		  {
+		    if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)
+		      goto unfetch_interval;
+		    else
+		      return REG_EBRACE;
+		  }
+
+		GET_UNSIGNED_NUMBER (lower_bound);
+
+		if (c == ',')
+		  {
+		    GET_UNSIGNED_NUMBER (upper_bound);
+		    if (upper_bound < 0) upper_bound = RE_DUP_MAX;
+		  }
+		else
+		  /* Interval such as `{1}' => match exactly once. */
+		  upper_bound = lower_bound;
+
+		if (lower_bound < 0 || upper_bound > RE_DUP_MAX
+		    || lower_bound > upper_bound)
+		  {
+		    if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)
+		      goto unfetch_interval;
+		    else
+		      return REG_BADBR;
+		  }
+
+		if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
+		  {
+		    if (c != '\\') return REG_EBRACE;
+
+		    PATFETCH (c);
+		  }
+
+		if (c != '}')
+		  {
+		    if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)
+		      goto unfetch_interval;
+		    else
+		      return REG_BADBR;
+		  }
+
+		/* We just parsed a valid interval.  */
+
+		/* If it's invalid to have no preceding re.  */
+		if (!laststart)
+		  {
+		    if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS)
+		      return REG_BADRPT;
+		    else if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS)
+		      laststart = b;
+		    else
+		      goto unfetch_interval;
+		  }
+
+		/* If the upper bound is zero, don't want to succeed at
+		   all; jump from `laststart' to `b + 3', which will be
+		   the end of the buffer after we insert the jump.  */
+		 if (upper_bound == 0)
+		   {
+		     GET_BUFFER_SPACE (3);
+		     INSERT_JUMP (jump, laststart, b + 3);
+		     b += 3;
+		   }
+
+		 /* Otherwise, we have a nontrivial interval.  When
+		    we're all done, the pattern will look like:
+		      set_number_at <jump count> <upper bound>
+		      set_number_at <succeed_n count> <lower bound>
+		      succeed_n <after jump addr> <succeed_n count>
+		      <body of loop>
+		      jump_n <succeed_n addr> <jump count>
+		    (The upper bound and `jump_n' are omitted if
+		    `upper_bound' is 1, though.)  */
+		 else
+		   { /* If the upper bound is > 1, we need to insert
+			more at the end of the loop.  */
+		     unsigned nbytes = 10 + (upper_bound > 1) * 10;
+
+		     GET_BUFFER_SPACE (nbytes);
+
+		     /* Initialize lower bound of the `succeed_n', even
+			though it will be set during matching by its
+			attendant `set_number_at' (inserted next),
+			because `re_compile_fastmap' needs to know.
+			Jump to the `jump_n' we might insert below.  */
+		     INSERT_JUMP2 (succeed_n, laststart,
+				   b + 5 + (upper_bound > 1) * 5,
+				   lower_bound);
+		     b += 5;
+
+		     /* Code to initialize the lower bound.  Insert
+			before the `succeed_n'.  The `5' is the last two
+			bytes of this `set_number_at', plus 3 bytes of
+			the following `succeed_n'.  */
+		     insert_op2 (set_number_at, laststart, 5, lower_bound, b);
+		     b += 5;
+
+		     if (upper_bound > 1)
+		       { /* More than one repetition is allowed, so
+			    append a backward jump to the `succeed_n'
+			    that starts this interval.
+
+			    When we've reached this during matching,
+			    we'll have matched the interval once, so
+			    jump back only `upper_bound - 1' times.  */
+			 STORE_JUMP2 (jump_n, b, laststart + 5,
+				      upper_bound - 1);
+			 b += 5;
+
+			 /* The location we want to set is the second
+			    parameter of the `jump_n'; that is `b-2' as
+			    an absolute address.  `laststart' will be
+			    the `set_number_at' we're about to insert;
+			    `laststart+3' the number to set, the source
+			    for the relative address.  But we are
+			    inserting into the middle of the pattern --
+			    so everything is getting moved up by 5.
+			    Conclusion: (b - 2) - (laststart + 3) + 5,
+			    i.e., b - laststart.
+
+			    We insert this at the beginning of the loop
+			    so that if we fail during matching, we'll
+			    reinitialize the bounds.  */
+			 insert_op2 (set_number_at, laststart, b - laststart,
+				     upper_bound - 1, b);
+			 b += 5;
+		       }
+		   }
+		pending_exact = 0;
+		beg_interval = NULL;
+	      }
+	      break;
+
+	    unfetch_interval:
+	      /* If an invalid interval, match the characters as literals.  */
+	       assert (beg_interval);
+	       p = beg_interval;
+	       beg_interval = NULL;
+
+	       /* normal_char and normal_backslash need `c'.  */
+	       PATFETCH (c);
+
+	       if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
+		 {
+		   if (p > pattern  &&  p[-1] == '\\')
+		     goto normal_backslash;
+		 }
+	       goto normal_char;
+
+#ifdef emacs
+	    /* There is no way to specify the before_dot and after_dot
+	       operators.  rms says this is ok.  --karl  */
+	    case '=':
+	      BUF_PUSH (at_dot);
+	      break;
+
+	    case 's':
+	      laststart = b;
+	      PATFETCH (c);
+	      BUF_PUSH_2 (syntaxspec, syntax_spec_code[c]);
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'S':
+	      laststart = b;
+	      PATFETCH (c);
+	      BUF_PUSH_2 (notsyntaxspec, syntax_spec_code[c]);
+	      break;
+#endif /* emacs */
+
+
+	    case 'w':
+	      laststart = b;
+	      BUF_PUSH (wordchar);
+	      break;
+
+
+	    case 'W':
+	      laststart = b;
+	      BUF_PUSH (notwordchar);
+	      break;
+
+
+	    case '<':
+	      BUF_PUSH (wordbeg);
+	      break;
+
+	    case '>':
+	      BUF_PUSH (wordend);
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'b':
+	      BUF_PUSH (wordbound);
+	      break;
+
+	    case 'B':
+	      BUF_PUSH (notwordbound);
+	      break;
+
+	    case '`':
+	      BUF_PUSH (begbuf);
+	      break;
+
+	    case '\'':
+	      BUF_PUSH (endbuf);
+	      break;
+
+	    case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5':
+	    case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+	      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_REFS)
+		goto normal_char;
+
+	      c1 = c - '0';
+
+	      if (c1 > regnum)
+		return REG_ESUBREG;
+
+	      /* Can't back reference to a subexpression if inside of it.  */
+	      if (group_in_compile_stack (compile_stack, c1))
+		goto normal_char;
+
+	      laststart = b;
+	      BUF_PUSH_2 (duplicate, c1);
+	      break;
+
+
+	    case '+':
+	    case '?':
+	      if (syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM)
+		goto handle_plus;
+	      else
+		goto normal_backslash;
+
+	    default:
+	    normal_backslash:
+	      /* You might think it would be useful for \ to mean
+		 not to translate; but if we don't translate it
+		 it will never match anything.  */
+	      c = TRANSLATE (c);
+	      goto normal_char;
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+
+	default:
+	/* Expects the character in `c'.  */
+	normal_char:
+	      /* If no exactn currently being built.  */
+	  if (!pending_exact
+
+	      /* If last exactn not at current position.  */
+	      || pending_exact + *pending_exact + 1 != b
+
+	      /* We have only one byte following the exactn for the count.  */
+	      || *pending_exact == (1 << BYTEWIDTH) - 1
+
+	      /* If followed by a repetition operator.  */
+	      || *p == '*' || *p == '^'
+	      || ((syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM)
+		  ? *p == '\\' && (p[1] == '+' || p[1] == '?')
+		  : (*p == '+' || *p == '?'))
+	      || ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS)
+		  && ((syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)
+		      ? *p == '{'
+		      : (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '{'))))
+	    {
+	      /* Start building a new exactn.  */
+
+	      laststart = b;
+
+	      BUF_PUSH_2 (exactn, 0);
+	      pending_exact = b - 1;
+	    }
+
+	  BUF_PUSH (c);
+	  (*pending_exact)++;
+	  break;
+	} /* switch (c) */
+    } /* while p != pend */
+
+
+  /* Through the pattern now.  */
+
+  if (fixup_alt_jump)
+    STORE_JUMP (jump_past_alt, fixup_alt_jump, b);
+
+  if (!COMPILE_STACK_EMPTY)
+    return REG_EPAREN;
+
+  free (compile_stack.stack);
+
+  /* We have succeeded; set the length of the buffer.  */
+  bufp->used = b - bufp->buffer;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  if (debug)
+    {
+      DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\nCompiled pattern: ");
+      print_compiled_pattern (bufp);
+    }
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+} /* regex_compile */
+
+/* Subroutines for `regex_compile'.  */
+
+/* Store OP at LOC followed by two-byte integer parameter ARG.  */
+
+static void
+store_op1 (op, loc, arg)
+    re_opcode_t op;
+    unsigned char *loc;
+    int arg;
+{
+  *loc = (unsigned char) op;
+  STORE_NUMBER (loc + 1, arg);
+}
+
+
+/* Like `store_op1', but for two two-byte parameters ARG1 and ARG2.  */
+
+static void
+store_op2 (op, loc, arg1, arg2)
+    re_opcode_t op;
+    unsigned char *loc;
+    int arg1, arg2;
+{
+  *loc = (unsigned char) op;
+  STORE_NUMBER (loc + 1, arg1);
+  STORE_NUMBER (loc + 3, arg2);
+}
+
+
+/* Copy the bytes from LOC to END to open up three bytes of space at LOC
+   for OP followed by two-byte integer parameter ARG.  */
+
+static void
+insert_op1 (op, loc, arg, end)
+    re_opcode_t op;
+    unsigned char *loc;
+    int arg;
+    unsigned char *end;
+{
+  register unsigned char *pfrom = end;
+  register unsigned char *pto = end + 3;
+
+  while (pfrom != loc)
+    *--pto = *--pfrom;
+
+  store_op1 (op, loc, arg);
+}
+
+
+/* Like `insert_op1', but for two two-byte parameters ARG1 and ARG2.  */
+
+static void
+insert_op2 (op, loc, arg1, arg2, end)
+    re_opcode_t op;
+    unsigned char *loc;
+    int arg1, arg2;
+    unsigned char *end;
+{
+  register unsigned char *pfrom = end;
+  register unsigned char *pto = end + 5;
+
+  while (pfrom != loc)
+    *--pto = *--pfrom;
+
+  store_op2 (op, loc, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+
+/* P points to just after a ^ in PATTERN.  Return true if that ^ comes
+   after an alternative or a begin-subexpression.  We assume there is at
+   least one character before the ^.  */
+
+static boolean
+at_begline_loc_p (pattern, p, syntax)
+    const char *pattern, *p;
+    reg_syntax_t syntax;
+{
+  const char *prev = p - 2;
+  boolean prev_prev_backslash = prev > pattern && prev[-1] == '\\';
+
+  return
+       /* After a subexpression?  */
+       (*prev == '(' && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS || prev_prev_backslash))
+       /* After an alternative?  */
+    || (*prev == '|' && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR || prev_prev_backslash));
+}
+
+
+/* The dual of at_begline_loc_p.  This one is for $.  We assume there is
+   at least one character after the $, i.e., `P < PEND'.  */
+
+static boolean
+at_endline_loc_p (p, pend, syntax)
+    const char *p, *pend;
+    int syntax;
+{
+  const char *next = p;
+  boolean next_backslash = *next == '\\';
+  const char *next_next = p + 1 < pend ? p + 1 : NULL;
+
+  return
+       /* Before a subexpression?  */
+       (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS ? *next == ')'
+	: next_backslash && next_next && *next_next == ')')
+       /* Before an alternative?  */
+    || (syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR ? *next == '|'
+	: next_backslash && next_next && *next_next == '|');
+}
+
+
+/* Returns true if REGNUM is in one of COMPILE_STACK's elements and
+   false if it's not.  */
+
+static boolean
+group_in_compile_stack (compile_stack, regnum)
+    compile_stack_type compile_stack;
+    regnum_t regnum;
+{
+  int this_element;
+
+  for (this_element = compile_stack.avail - 1;
+       this_element >= 0;
+       this_element--)
+    if (compile_stack.stack[this_element].regnum == regnum)
+      return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+/* Read the ending character of a range (in a bracket expression) from the
+   uncompiled pattern *P_PTR (which ends at PEND).  We assume the
+   starting character is in `P[-2]'.  (`P[-1]' is the character `-'.)
+   Then we set the translation of all bits between the starting and
+   ending characters (inclusive) in the compiled pattern B.
+
+   Return an error code.
+
+   We use these short variable names so we can use the same macros as
+   `regex_compile' itself.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+compile_range (p_ptr, pend, translate, syntax, b)
+    const char **p_ptr, *pend;
+    char *translate;
+    reg_syntax_t syntax;
+    unsigned char *b;
+{
+  unsigned this_char;
+
+  const char *p = *p_ptr;
+  int range_start, range_end;
+
+  if (p == pend)
+    return REG_ERANGE;
+
+  /* Even though the pattern is a signed `char *', we need to fetch
+     with unsigned char *'s; if the high bit of the pattern character
+     is set, the range endpoints will be negative if we fetch using a
+     signed char *.
+
+     We also want to fetch the endpoints without translating them; the
+     appropriate translation is done in the bit-setting loop below.  */
+  range_start = ((unsigned char *) p)[-2];
+  range_end   = ((unsigned char *) p)[0];
+
+  /* Have to increment the pointer into the pattern string, so the
+     caller isn't still at the ending character.  */
+  (*p_ptr)++;
+
+  /* If the start is after the end, the range is empty.  */
+  if (range_start > range_end)
+    return syntax & RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES ? REG_ERANGE : REG_NOERROR;
+
+  /* Here we see why `this_char' has to be larger than an `unsigned
+     char' -- the range is inclusive, so if `range_end' == 0xff
+     (assuming 8-bit characters), we would otherwise go into an infinite
+     loop, since all characters <= 0xff.  */
+  for (this_char = range_start; this_char <= range_end; this_char++)
+    {
+      SET_LIST_BIT (TRANSLATE (this_char));
+    }
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Failure stack declarations and macros; both re_compile_fastmap and
+   re_match_2 use a failure stack.  These have to be macros because of
+   REGEX_ALLOCATE.  */
+
+
+/* Number of failure points for which to initially allocate space
+   when matching.  If this number is exceeded, we allocate more
+   space, so it is not a hard limit.  */
+#ifndef INIT_FAILURE_ALLOC
+#define INIT_FAILURE_ALLOC 5
+#endif
+
+/* Roughly the maximum number of failure points on the stack.  Would be
+   exactly that if always used MAX_FAILURE_SPACE each time we failed.
+   This is a variable only so users of regex can assign to it; we never
+   change it ourselves.  */
+int re_max_failures = 2000;
+
+typedef const unsigned char *fail_stack_elt_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  fail_stack_elt_t *stack;
+  unsigned size;
+  unsigned avail;			/* Offset of next open position.  */
+} fail_stack_type;
+
+#define FAIL_STACK_EMPTY()     (fail_stack.avail == 0)
+#define FAIL_STACK_PTR_EMPTY() (fail_stack_ptr->avail == 0)
+#define FAIL_STACK_FULL()      (fail_stack.avail == fail_stack.size)
+#define FAIL_STACK_TOP()       (fail_stack.stack[fail_stack.avail])
+
+
+/* Initialize `fail_stack'.  Do `return -2' if the alloc fails.  */
+
+#define INIT_FAIL_STACK()						\
+  do {									\
+    fail_stack.stack = (fail_stack_elt_t *)				\
+      REGEX_ALLOCATE (INIT_FAILURE_ALLOC * sizeof (fail_stack_elt_t));	\
+									\
+    if (fail_stack.stack == NULL)					\
+      return -2;							\
+									\
+    fail_stack.size = INIT_FAILURE_ALLOC;				\
+    fail_stack.avail = 0;						\
+  } while (0)
+
+
+/* Double the size of FAIL_STACK, up to approximately `re_max_failures' items.
+
+   Return 1 if succeeds, and 0 if either ran out of memory
+   allocating space for it or it was already too large.
+
+   REGEX_REALLOCATE requires `destination' be declared.   */
+
+#define DOUBLE_FAIL_STACK(fail_stack)					\
+  ((fail_stack).size > re_max_failures * MAX_FAILURE_ITEMS		\
+   ? 0									\
+   : ((fail_stack).stack = (fail_stack_elt_t *)				\
+	REGEX_REALLOCATE ((fail_stack).stack, 				\
+	  (fail_stack).size * sizeof (fail_stack_elt_t),		\
+	  ((fail_stack).size << 1) * sizeof (fail_stack_elt_t)),	\
+									\
+      (fail_stack).stack == NULL					\
+      ? 0								\
+      : ((fail_stack).size <<= 1, 					\
+	 1)))
+
+
+/* Push PATTERN_OP on FAIL_STACK.
+
+   Return 1 if was able to do so and 0 if ran out of memory allocating
+   space to do so.  */
+#define PUSH_PATTERN_OP(pattern_op, fail_stack)				\
+  ((FAIL_STACK_FULL ()							\
+    && !DOUBLE_FAIL_STACK (fail_stack))					\
+    ? 0									\
+    : ((fail_stack).stack[(fail_stack).avail++] = pattern_op,		\
+       1))
+
+/* This pushes an item onto the failure stack.  Must be a four-byte
+   value.  Assumes the variable `fail_stack'.  Probably should only
+   be called from within `PUSH_FAILURE_POINT'.  */
+#define PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM(item)						\
+  fail_stack.stack[fail_stack.avail++] = (fail_stack_elt_t) item
+
+/* The complement operation.  Assumes `fail_stack' is nonempty.  */
+#define POP_FAILURE_ITEM() fail_stack.stack[--fail_stack.avail]
+
+/* Used to omit pushing failure point id's when we're not debugging.  */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define DEBUG_PUSH PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM
+#define DEBUG_POP(item_addr) *(item_addr) = POP_FAILURE_ITEM ()
+#else
+#define DEBUG_PUSH(item)
+#define DEBUG_POP(item_addr)
+#endif
+
+
+/* Push the information about the state we will need
+   if we ever fail back to it.
+
+   Requires variables fail_stack, regstart, regend, reg_info, and
+   num_regs be declared.  DOUBLE_FAIL_STACK requires `destination' be
+   declared.
+
+   Does `return FAILURE_CODE' if runs out of memory.  */
+
+#define PUSH_FAILURE_POINT(pattern_place, string_place, failure_code)	\
+  do {									\
+    char *destination;							\
+    /* Must be int, so when we don't save any registers, the arithmetic	\
+       of 0 + -1 isn't done as unsigned.  */				\
+    int this_reg;							\
+									\
+    DEBUG_STATEMENT (failure_id++);					\
+    DEBUG_STATEMENT (nfailure_points_pushed++);				\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("\nPUSH_FAILURE_POINT #%u:\n", failure_id);		\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Before push, next avail: %d\n", (fail_stack).avail);\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("                     size: %d\n", (fail_stack).size);\
+									\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  slots needed: %d\n", NUM_FAILURE_ITEMS);		\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("     available: %d\n", REMAINING_AVAIL_SLOTS);	\
+									\
+    /* Ensure we have enough space allocated for what we will push.  */	\
+    while (REMAINING_AVAIL_SLOTS < NUM_FAILURE_ITEMS)			\
+      {									\
+	if (!DOUBLE_FAIL_STACK (fail_stack))			\
+	  return failure_code;						\
+									\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 ("\n  Doubled stack; size now: %d\n",		\
+		       (fail_stack).size);				\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  slots available: %d\n", REMAINING_AVAIL_SLOTS);\
+      }									\
+									\
+    /* Push the info, starting with the registers.  */			\
+    DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\n");						\
+									\
+    for (this_reg = lowest_active_reg; this_reg <= highest_active_reg;	\
+	 this_reg++)							\
+      {									\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Pushing reg: %d\n", this_reg);			\
+	DEBUG_STATEMENT (num_regs_pushed++);				\
+									\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 ("    start: 0x%x\n", regstart[this_reg]);		\
+	PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (regstart[this_reg]);				\
+									\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 ("    end: 0x%x\n", regend[this_reg]);		\
+	PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (regend[this_reg]);				\
+									\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 ("    info: 0x%x\n      ", reg_info[this_reg]);	\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 (" match_null=%d",					\
+		      REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[this_reg]));	\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 (" active=%d", IS_ACTIVE (reg_info[this_reg]));	\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 (" matched_something=%d",				\
+		      MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[this_reg]));		\
+	DEBUG_PRINT2 (" ever_matched=%d",				\
+		      EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[this_reg]));	\
+	DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\n");						\
+	PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (reg_info[this_reg].word);			\
+      }									\
+									\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Pushing  low active reg: %d\n", lowest_active_reg);\
+    PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (lowest_active_reg);				\
+									\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Pushing high active reg: %d\n", highest_active_reg);\
+    PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (highest_active_reg);				\
+									\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Pushing pattern 0x%x: ", pattern_place);		\
+    DEBUG_PRINT_COMPILED_PATTERN (bufp, pattern_place, pend);		\
+    PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (pattern_place);					\
+									\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Pushing string 0x%x: `", string_place);		\
+    DEBUG_PRINT_DOUBLE_STRING (string_place, string1, size1, string2,   \
+				 size2);				\
+    DEBUG_PRINT1 ("'\n");						\
+    PUSH_FAILURE_ITEM (string_place);					\
+									\
+    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Pushing failure id: %u\n", failure_id);		\
+    DEBUG_PUSH (failure_id);						\
+  } while (0)
+
+/* This is the number of items that are pushed and popped on the stack
+   for each register.  */
+#define NUM_REG_ITEMS  3
+
+/* Individual items aside from the registers.  */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define NUM_NONREG_ITEMS 5 /* Includes failure point id.  */
+#else
+#define NUM_NONREG_ITEMS 4
+#endif
+
+/* We push at most this many items on the stack.  */
+#define MAX_FAILURE_ITEMS ((num_regs - 1) * NUM_REG_ITEMS + NUM_NONREG_ITEMS)
+
+/* We actually push this many items.  */
+#define NUM_FAILURE_ITEMS						\
+  ((highest_active_reg - lowest_active_reg + 1) * NUM_REG_ITEMS 	\
+    + NUM_NONREG_ITEMS)
+
+/* How many items can still be added to the stack without overflowing it.  */
+#define REMAINING_AVAIL_SLOTS ((fail_stack).size - (fail_stack).avail)
+
+
+/* Pops what PUSH_FAIL_STACK pushes.
+
+   We restore into the parameters, all of which should be lvalues:
+     STR -- the saved data position.
+     PAT -- the saved pattern position.
+     LOW_REG, HIGH_REG -- the highest and lowest active registers.
+     REGSTART, REGEND -- arrays of string positions.
+     REG_INFO -- array of information about each subexpression.
+
+   Also assumes the variables `fail_stack' and (if debugging), `bufp',
+   `pend', `string1', `size1', `string2', and `size2'.  */
+
+#define POP_FAILURE_POINT(str, pat, low_reg, high_reg, regstart, regend, reg_info)\
+{									\
+  DEBUG_STATEMENT (fail_stack_elt_t failure_id;)			\
+  int this_reg;								\
+  const unsigned char *string_temp;					\
+									\
+  assert (!FAIL_STACK_EMPTY ());					\
+									\
+  /* Remove failure points and point to how many regs pushed.  */	\
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("POP_FAILURE_POINT:\n");				\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Before pop, next avail: %d\n", fail_stack.avail);	\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("                    size: %d\n", fail_stack.size);	\
+									\
+  assert (fail_stack.avail >= NUM_NONREG_ITEMS);			\
+									\
+  DEBUG_POP (&failure_id);						\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Popping failure id: %u\n", failure_id);		\
+									\
+  /* If the saved string location is NULL, it came from an		\
+     on_failure_keep_string_jump opcode, and we want to throw away the	\
+     saved NULL, thus retaining our current position in the string.  */	\
+  string_temp = POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();					\
+  if (string_temp != NULL)						\
+    str = (const char *) string_temp;					\
+									\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Popping string 0x%x: `", str);			\
+  DEBUG_PRINT_DOUBLE_STRING (str, string1, size1, string2, size2);	\
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("'\n");							\
+									\
+  pat = (unsigned char *) POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();				\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Popping pattern 0x%x: ", pat);			\
+  DEBUG_PRINT_COMPILED_PATTERN (bufp, pat, pend);			\
+									\
+  /* Restore register info.  */						\
+  high_reg = (unsigned) POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();				\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Popping high active reg: %d\n", high_reg);		\
+									\
+  low_reg = (unsigned) POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();				\
+  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Popping  low active reg: %d\n", low_reg);		\
+									\
+  for (this_reg = high_reg; this_reg >= low_reg; this_reg--)		\
+    {									\
+      DEBUG_PRINT2 ("    Popping reg: %d\n", this_reg);			\
+									\
+      reg_info[this_reg].word = POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();			\
+      DEBUG_PRINT2 ("      info: 0x%x\n", reg_info[this_reg]);		\
+									\
+      regend[this_reg] = (const char *) POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();		\
+      DEBUG_PRINT2 ("      end: 0x%x\n", regend[this_reg]);		\
+									\
+      regstart[this_reg] = (const char *) POP_FAILURE_ITEM ();		\
+      DEBUG_PRINT2 ("      start: 0x%x\n", regstart[this_reg]);		\
+    }									\
+									\
+  DEBUG_STATEMENT (nfailure_points_popped++);				\
+} /* POP_FAILURE_POINT */
+
+/* re_compile_fastmap computes a ``fastmap'' for the compiled pattern in
+   BUFP.  A fastmap records which of the (1 << BYTEWIDTH) possible
+   characters can start a string that matches the pattern.  This fastmap
+   is used by re_search to skip quickly over impossible starting points.
+
+   The caller must supply the address of a (1 << BYTEWIDTH)-byte data
+   area as BUFP->fastmap.
+
+   We set the `fastmap', `fastmap_accurate', and `can_be_null' fields in
+   the pattern buffer.
+
+   Returns 0 if we succeed, -2 if an internal error.   */
+
+int
+re_compile_fastmap (bufp)
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+{
+  int j, k;
+  fail_stack_type fail_stack;
+#ifndef REGEX_MALLOC
+  char *destination;
+#endif
+  /* We don't push any register information onto the failure stack.  */
+  unsigned num_regs = 0;
+
+  register char *fastmap = bufp->fastmap;
+  unsigned char *pattern = bufp->buffer;
+  unsigned long size = bufp->used;
+  const unsigned char *p = pattern;
+  register unsigned char *pend = pattern + size;
+
+  /* Assume that each path through the pattern can be null until
+     proven otherwise.  We set this false at the bottom of switch
+     statement, to which we get only if a particular path doesn't
+     match the empty string.  */
+  boolean path_can_be_null = true;
+
+  /* We aren't doing a `succeed_n' to begin with.  */
+  boolean succeed_n_p = false;
+
+  assert (fastmap != NULL && p != NULL);
+
+  INIT_FAIL_STACK ();
+  bzero (fastmap, 1 << BYTEWIDTH);  /* Assume nothing's valid.  */
+  bufp->fastmap_accurate = 1;	    /* It will be when we're done.  */
+  bufp->can_be_null = 0;
+
+  while (p != pend || !FAIL_STACK_EMPTY ())
+    {
+      if (p == pend)
+	{
+	  bufp->can_be_null |= path_can_be_null;
+
+	  /* Reset for next path.  */
+	  path_can_be_null = true;
+
+	  p = fail_stack.stack[--fail_stack.avail];
+	}
+
+      /* We should never be about to go beyond the end of the pattern.  */
+      assert (p < pend);
+
+#ifdef SWITCH_ENUM_BUG
+      switch ((int) ((re_opcode_t) *p++))
+#else
+      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p++)
+#endif
+	{
+
+	/* I guess the idea here is to simply not bother with a fastmap
+	   if a backreference is used, since it's too hard to figure out
+	   the fastmap for the corresponding group.  Setting
+	   `can_be_null' stops `re_search_2' from using the fastmap, so
+	   that is all we do.  */
+	case duplicate:
+	  bufp->can_be_null = 1;
+	  return 0;
+
+
+      /* Following are the cases which match a character.  These end
+	 with `break'.  */
+
+	case exactn:
+	  fastmap[p[1]] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case charset:
+	  for (j = *p++ * BYTEWIDTH - 1; j >= 0; j--)
+	    if (p[j / BYTEWIDTH] & (1 << (j % BYTEWIDTH)))
+	      fastmap[j] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case charset_not:
+	  /* Chars beyond end of map must be allowed.  */
+	  for (j = *p * BYTEWIDTH; j < (1 << BYTEWIDTH); j++)
+	    fastmap[j] = 1;
+
+	  for (j = *p++ * BYTEWIDTH - 1; j >= 0; j--)
+	    if (!(p[j / BYTEWIDTH] & (1 << (j % BYTEWIDTH))))
+	      fastmap[j] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case wordchar:
+	  for (j = 0; j < (1 << BYTEWIDTH); j++)
+	    if (SYNTAX (j) == Sword)
+	      fastmap[j] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case notwordchar:
+	  for (j = 0; j < (1 << BYTEWIDTH); j++)
+	    if (SYNTAX (j) != Sword)
+	      fastmap[j] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case anychar:
+	  /* `.' matches anything ...  */
+	  for (j = 0; j < (1 << BYTEWIDTH); j++)
+	    fastmap[j] = 1;
+
+	  /* ... except perhaps newline.  */
+	  if (!(bufp->syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE))
+	    fastmap['\n'] = 0;
+
+	  /* Return if we have already set `can_be_null'; if we have,
+	     then the fastmap is irrelevant.  Something's wrong here.  */
+	  else if (bufp->can_be_null)
+	    return 0;
+
+	  /* Otherwise, have to check alternative paths.  */
+	  break;
+
+
+#ifdef emacs
+	case syntaxspec:
+	  k = *p++;
+	  for (j = 0; j < (1 << BYTEWIDTH); j++)
+	    if (SYNTAX (j) == (enum syntaxcode) k)
+	      fastmap[j] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case notsyntaxspec:
+	  k = *p++;
+	  for (j = 0; j < (1 << BYTEWIDTH); j++)
+	    if (SYNTAX (j) != (enum syntaxcode) k)
+	      fastmap[j] = 1;
+	  break;
+
+
+      /* All cases after this match the empty string.  These end with
+	 `continue'.  */
+
+
+	case before_dot:
+	case at_dot:
+	case after_dot:
+	  continue;
+#endif /* not emacs */
+
+
+	case no_op:
+	case begline:
+	case endline:
+	case begbuf:
+	case endbuf:
+	case wordbound:
+	case notwordbound:
+	case wordbeg:
+	case wordend:
+	case push_dummy_failure:
+	  continue;
+
+
+	case jump_n:
+	case pop_failure_jump:
+	case maybe_pop_jump:
+	case jump:
+	case jump_past_alt:
+	case dummy_failure_jump:
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (j, p);
+	  p += j;
+	  if (j > 0)
+	    continue;
+
+	  /* Jump backward implies we just went through the body of a
+	     loop and matched nothing.  Opcode jumped to should be
+	     `on_failure_jump' or `succeed_n'.  Just treat it like an
+	     ordinary jump.  For a * loop, it has pushed its failure
+	     point already; if so, discard that as redundant.  */
+	  if ((re_opcode_t) *p != on_failure_jump
+	      && (re_opcode_t) *p != succeed_n)
+	    continue;
+
+	  p++;
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (j, p);
+	  p += j;
+
+	  /* If what's on the stack is where we are now, pop it.  */
+	  if (!FAIL_STACK_EMPTY ()
+	      && fail_stack.stack[fail_stack.avail - 1] == p)
+	    fail_stack.avail--;
+
+	  continue;
+
+
+	case on_failure_jump:
+	case on_failure_keep_string_jump:
+	handle_on_failure_jump:
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (j, p);
+
+	  /* For some patterns, e.g., `(a?)?', `p+j' here points to the
+	     end of the pattern.  We don't want to push such a point,
+	     since when we restore it above, entering the switch will
+	     increment `p' past the end of the pattern.  We don't need
+	     to push such a point since we obviously won't find any more
+	     fastmap entries beyond `pend'.  Such a pattern can match
+	     the null string, though.  */
+	  if (p + j < pend)
+	    {
+	      if (!PUSH_PATTERN_OP (p + j, fail_stack))
+		return -2;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    bufp->can_be_null = 1;
+
+	  if (succeed_n_p)
+	    {
+	      EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (k, p);	/* Skip the n.  */
+	      succeed_n_p = false;
+	    }
+
+	  continue;
+
+
+	case succeed_n:
+	  /* Get to the number of times to succeed.  */
+	  p += 2;
+
+	  /* Increment p past the n for when k != 0.  */
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (k, p);
+	  if (k == 0)
+	    {
+	      p -= 4;
+	      succeed_n_p = true;  /* Spaghetti code alert.  */
+	      goto handle_on_failure_jump;
+	    }
+	  continue;
+
+
+	case set_number_at:
+	  p += 4;
+	  continue;
+
+
+	case start_memory:
+	case stop_memory:
+	  p += 2;
+	  continue;
+
+
+	default:
+	  abort (); /* We have listed all the cases.  */
+	} /* switch *p++ */
+
+      /* Getting here means we have found the possible starting
+	 characters for one path of the pattern -- and that the empty
+	 string does not match.  We need not follow this path further.
+	 Instead, look at the next alternative (remembered on the
+	 stack), or quit if no more.  The test at the top of the loop
+	 does these things.  */
+      path_can_be_null = false;
+      p = pend;
+    } /* while p */
+
+  /* Set `can_be_null' for the last path (also the first path, if the
+     pattern is empty).  */
+  bufp->can_be_null |= path_can_be_null;
+  return 0;
+} /* re_compile_fastmap */
+
+/* Set REGS to hold NUM_REGS registers, storing them in STARTS and
+   ENDS.  Subsequent matches using PATTERN_BUFFER and REGS will use
+   this memory for recording register information.  STARTS and ENDS
+   must be allocated using the malloc library routine, and must each
+   be at least NUM_REGS * sizeof (regoff_t) bytes long.
+
+   If NUM_REGS == 0, then subsequent matches should allocate their own
+   register data.
+
+   Unless this function is called, the first search or match using
+   PATTERN_BUFFER will allocate its own register data, without
+   freeing the old data.  */
+
+void
+re_set_registers (bufp, regs, num_regs, starts, ends)
+    struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+    struct re_registers *regs;
+    unsigned num_regs;
+    regoff_t *starts, *ends;
+{
+  if (num_regs)
+    {
+      bufp->regs_allocated = REGS_REALLOCATE;
+      regs->num_regs = num_regs;
+      regs->start = starts;
+      regs->end = ends;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bufp->regs_allocated = REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+      regs->num_regs = 0;
+      regs->start = regs->end = (regoff_t *) 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Searching routines.  */
+
+/* Like re_search_2, below, but only one string is specified, and
+   doesn't let you say where to stop matching. */
+
+int
+re_search (bufp, string, size, startpos, range, regs)
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+     const char *string;
+     int size, startpos, range;
+     struct re_registers *regs;
+{
+  return re_search_2 (bufp, NULL, 0, string, size, startpos, range,
+		      regs, size);
+}
+
+
+/* Using the compiled pattern in BUFP->buffer, first tries to match the
+   virtual concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2, starting first at index
+   STARTPOS, then at STARTPOS + 1, and so on.
+
+   STRING1 and STRING2 have length SIZE1 and SIZE2, respectively.
+
+   RANGE is how far to scan while trying to match.  RANGE = 0 means try
+   only at STARTPOS; in general, the last start tried is STARTPOS +
+   RANGE.
+
+   In REGS, return the indices of the virtual concatenation of STRING1
+   and STRING2 that matched the entire BUFP->buffer and its contained
+   subexpressions.
+
+   Do not consider matching one past the index STOP in the virtual
+   concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2.
+
+   We return either the position in the strings at which the match was
+   found, -1 if no match, or -2 if error (such as failure
+   stack overflow).  */
+
+int
+re_search_2 (bufp, string1, size1, string2, size2, startpos, range, regs, stop)
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+     const char *string1, *string2;
+     int size1, size2;
+     int startpos;
+     int range;
+     struct re_registers *regs;
+     int stop;
+{
+  int val;
+  register char *fastmap = bufp->fastmap;
+  register char *translate = bufp->translate;
+  int total_size = size1 + size2;
+  int endpos = startpos + range;
+
+  /* Check for out-of-range STARTPOS.  */
+  if (startpos < 0 || startpos > total_size)
+    return -1;
+
+  /* Fix up RANGE if it might eventually take us outside
+     the virtual concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2.  */
+  if (endpos < -1)
+    range = -1 - startpos;
+  else if (endpos > total_size)
+    range = total_size - startpos;
+
+  /* If the search isn't to be a backwards one, don't waste time in a
+     search for a pattern that must be anchored.  */
+  if (bufp->used > 0 && (re_opcode_t) bufp->buffer[0] == begbuf && range > 0)
+    {
+      if (startpos > 0)
+	return -1;
+      else
+	range = 1;
+    }
+
+  /* Update the fastmap now if not correct already.  */
+  if (fastmap && !bufp->fastmap_accurate)
+    if (re_compile_fastmap (bufp) == -2)
+      return -2;
+
+  /* Loop through the string, looking for a place to start matching.  */
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      /* If a fastmap is supplied, skip quickly over characters that
+	 cannot be the start of a match.  If the pattern can match the
+	 null string, however, we don't need to skip characters; we want
+	 the first null string.  */
+      if (fastmap && startpos < total_size && !bufp->can_be_null)
+	{
+	  if (range > 0)	/* Searching forwards.  */
+	    {
+	      register const char *d;
+	      register int lim = 0;
+	      int irange = range;
+
+	      if (startpos < size1 && startpos + range >= size1)
+		lim = range - (size1 - startpos);
+
+	      d = (startpos >= size1 ? string2 - size1 : string1) + startpos;
+
+	      /* Written out as an if-else to avoid testing `translate'
+		 inside the loop.  */
+	      if (translate)
+		while (range > lim
+		       && !fastmap[(unsigned char)
+				   translate[(unsigned char) *d++]])
+		  range--;
+	      else
+		while (range > lim && !fastmap[(unsigned char) *d++])
+		  range--;
+
+	      startpos += irange - range;
+	    }
+	  else				/* Searching backwards.  */
+	    {
+	      register char c = (size1 == 0 || startpos >= size1
+				 ? string2[startpos - size1]
+				 : string1[startpos]);
+
+	      if (!fastmap[(unsigned char) TRANSLATE (c)])
+		goto advance;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* If can't match the null string, and that's all we have left, fail.  */
+      if (range >= 0 && startpos == total_size && fastmap
+	  && !bufp->can_be_null)
+	return -1;
+
+      val = re_match_2 (bufp, string1, size1, string2, size2,
+			startpos, regs, stop);
+      if (val >= 0)
+	return startpos;
+
+      if (val == -2)
+	return -2;
+
+    advance:
+      if (!range)
+	break;
+      else if (range > 0)
+	{
+	  range--;
+	  startpos++;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  range++;
+	  startpos--;
+	}
+    }
+  return -1;
+} /* re_search_2 */
+
+/* Declarations and macros for re_match_2.  */
+
+static int bcmp_translate ();
+static boolean alt_match_null_string_p (),
+	       common_op_match_null_string_p (),
+	       group_match_null_string_p ();
+
+/* Structure for per-register (a.k.a. per-group) information.
+   This must not be longer than one word, because we push this value
+   onto the failure stack.  Other register information, such as the
+   starting and ending positions (which are addresses), and the list of
+   inner groups (which is a bits list) are maintained in separate
+   variables.
+
+   We are making a (strictly speaking) nonportable assumption here: that
+   the compiler will pack our bit fields into something that fits into
+   the type of `word', i.e., is something that fits into one item on the
+   failure stack.  */
+typedef union
+{
+  fail_stack_elt_t word;
+  struct
+  {
+      /* This field is one if this group can match the empty string,
+	 zero if not.  If not yet determined,  `MATCH_NULL_UNSET_VALUE'.  */
+#define MATCH_NULL_UNSET_VALUE 3
+    unsigned match_null_string_p : 2;
+    unsigned is_active : 1;
+    unsigned matched_something : 1;
+    unsigned ever_matched_something : 1;
+  } bits;
+} register_info_type;
+
+#define REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P(R)  ((R).bits.match_null_string_p)
+#define IS_ACTIVE(R)  ((R).bits.is_active)
+#define MATCHED_SOMETHING(R)  ((R).bits.matched_something)
+#define EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING(R)  ((R).bits.ever_matched_something)
+
+
+/* Call this when have matched a real character; it sets `matched' flags
+   for the subexpressions which we are currently inside.  Also records
+   that those subexprs have matched.  */
+#define SET_REGS_MATCHED()						\
+  do									\
+    {									\
+      unsigned r;							\
+      for (r = lowest_active_reg; r <= highest_active_reg; r++)		\
+	{								\
+	  MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[r])				\
+	    = EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[r])			\
+	    = 1;							\
+	}								\
+    }									\
+  while (0)
+
+
+/* This converts PTR, a pointer into one of the search strings `string1'
+   and `string2' into an offset from the beginning of that string.  */
+#define POINTER_TO_OFFSET(ptr)						\
+  (FIRST_STRING_P (ptr) ? (ptr) - string1 : (ptr) - string2 + size1)
+
+/* Registers are set to a sentinel when they haven't yet matched.  */
+#define REG_UNSET_VALUE ((char *) -1)
+#define REG_UNSET(e) ((e) == REG_UNSET_VALUE)
+
+
+/* Macros for dealing with the split strings in re_match_2.  */
+
+#define MATCHING_IN_FIRST_STRING  (dend == end_match_1)
+
+/* Call before fetching a character with *d.  This switches over to
+   string2 if necessary.  */
+#define PREFETCH()							\
+  while (d == dend)						    	\
+    {									\
+      /* End of string2 => fail.  */					\
+      if (dend == end_match_2) 						\
+	goto fail;							\
+      /* End of string1 => advance to string2.  */ 			\
+      d = string2;						        \
+      dend = end_match_2;						\
+    }
+
+
+/* Test if at very beginning or at very end of the virtual concatenation
+   of `string1' and `string2'.  If only one string, it's `string2'.  */
+#define AT_STRINGS_BEG(d) ((d) == (size1 ? string1 : string2) || !size2)
+#define AT_STRINGS_END(d) ((d) == end2)
+
+
+/* Test if D points to a character which is word-constituent.  We have
+   two special cases to check for: if past the end of string1, look at
+   the first character in string2; and if before the beginning of
+   string2, look at the last character in string1.  */
+#define WORDCHAR_P(d)							\
+  (SYNTAX ((d) == end1 ? *string2					\
+	   : (d) == string2 - 1 ? *(end1 - 1) : *(d))			\
+   == Sword)
+
+/* Test if the character before D and the one at D differ with respect
+   to being word-constituent.  */
+#define AT_WORD_BOUNDARY(d)						\
+  (AT_STRINGS_BEG (d) || AT_STRINGS_END (d)				\
+   || WORDCHAR_P (d - 1) != WORDCHAR_P (d))
+
+
+/* Free everything we malloc.  */
+#ifdef REGEX_MALLOC
+#define FREE_VAR(var) if (var) free (var); var = NULL
+#define FREE_VARIABLES()						\
+  do {									\
+    FREE_VAR (fail_stack.stack);					\
+    FREE_VAR (regstart);						\
+    FREE_VAR (regend);							\
+    FREE_VAR (old_regstart);						\
+    FREE_VAR (old_regend);						\
+    FREE_VAR (best_regstart);						\
+    FREE_VAR (best_regend);						\
+    FREE_VAR (reg_info);						\
+    FREE_VAR (reg_dummy);						\
+    FREE_VAR (reg_info_dummy);						\
+  } while (0)
+#else /* not REGEX_MALLOC */
+/* Some MIPS systems (at least) want this to free alloca'd storage.  */
+#define FREE_VARIABLES() alloca (0)
+#endif /* not REGEX_MALLOC */
+
+
+/* These values must meet several constraints.  They must not be valid
+   register values; since we have a limit of 255 registers (because
+   we use only one byte in the pattern for the register number), we can
+   use numbers larger than 255.  They must differ by 1, because of
+   NUM_FAILURE_ITEMS above.  And the value for the lowest register must
+   be larger than the value for the highest register, so we do not try
+   to actually save any registers when none are active.  */
+#define NO_HIGHEST_ACTIVE_REG (1 << BYTEWIDTH)
+#define NO_LOWEST_ACTIVE_REG (NO_HIGHEST_ACTIVE_REG + 1)
+
+/* Matching routines.  */
+
+#ifndef emacs   /* Emacs never uses this.  */
+/* re_match is like re_match_2 except it takes only a single string.  */
+
+int
+re_match (bufp, string, size, pos, regs)
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+     const char *string;
+     int size, pos;
+     struct re_registers *regs;
+ {
+  return re_match_2 (bufp, NULL, 0, string, size, pos, regs, size);
+}
+#endif /* not emacs */
+
+
+/* re_match_2 matches the compiled pattern in BUFP against the
+   the (virtual) concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2 (of length SIZE1
+   and SIZE2, respectively).  We start matching at POS, and stop
+   matching at STOP.
+
+   If REGS is non-null and the `no_sub' field of BUFP is nonzero, we
+   store offsets for the substring each group matched in REGS.  See the
+   documentation for exactly how many groups we fill.
+
+   We return -1 if no match, -2 if an internal error (such as the
+   failure stack overflowing).  Otherwise, we return the length of the
+   matched substring.  */
+
+int
+re_match_2 (bufp, string1, size1, string2, size2, pos, regs, stop)
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+     const char *string1, *string2;
+     int size1, size2;
+     int pos;
+     struct re_registers *regs;
+     int stop;
+{
+  /* General temporaries.  */
+  int mcnt;
+  unsigned char *p1;
+
+  /* Just past the end of the corresponding string.  */
+  const char *end1, *end2;
+
+  /* Pointers into string1 and string2, just past the last characters in
+     each to consider matching.  */
+  const char *end_match_1, *end_match_2;
+
+  /* Where we are in the data, and the end of the current string.  */
+  const char *d, *dend;
+
+  /* Where we are in the pattern, and the end of the pattern.  */
+  unsigned char *p = bufp->buffer;
+  register unsigned char *pend = p + bufp->used;
+
+  /* We use this to map every character in the string.  */
+  char *translate = bufp->translate;
+
+  /* Failure point stack.  Each place that can handle a failure further
+     down the line pushes a failure point on this stack.  It consists of
+     restart, regend, and reg_info for all registers corresponding to
+     the subexpressions we're currently inside, plus the number of such
+     registers, and, finally, two char *'s.  The first char * is where
+     to resume scanning the pattern; the second one is where to resume
+     scanning the strings.  If the latter is zero, the failure point is
+     a ``dummy''; if a failure happens and the failure point is a dummy,
+     it gets discarded and the next next one is tried.  */
+  fail_stack_type fail_stack;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  static unsigned failure_id = 0;
+  unsigned nfailure_points_pushed = 0, nfailure_points_popped = 0;
+#endif
+
+  /* We fill all the registers internally, independent of what we
+     return, for use in backreferences.  The number here includes
+     an element for register zero.  */
+  unsigned num_regs = bufp->re_nsub + 1;
+
+  /* The currently active registers.  */
+  unsigned lowest_active_reg = NO_LOWEST_ACTIVE_REG;
+  unsigned highest_active_reg = NO_HIGHEST_ACTIVE_REG;
+
+  /* Information on the contents of registers. These are pointers into
+     the input strings; they record just what was matched (on this
+     attempt) by a subexpression part of the pattern, that is, the
+     regnum-th regstart pointer points to where in the pattern we began
+     matching and the regnum-th regend points to right after where we
+     stopped matching the regnum-th subexpression.  (The zeroth register
+     keeps track of what the whole pattern matches.)  */
+  const char **regstart = NULL, **regend = NULL;
+
+  /* If a group that's operated upon by a repetition operator fails to
+     match anything, then the register for its start will need to be
+     restored because it will have been set to wherever in the string we
+     are when we last see its open-group operator.  Similarly for a
+     register's end.  */
+  const char **old_regstart = NULL, **old_regend = NULL;
+
+  /* The is_active field of reg_info helps us keep track of which (possibly
+     nested) subexpressions we are currently in. The matched_something
+     field of reg_info[reg_num] helps us tell whether or not we have
+     matched any of the pattern so far this time through the reg_num-th
+     subexpression.  These two fields get reset each time through any
+     loop their register is in.  */
+  register_info_type *reg_info = NULL;
+
+  /* The following record the register info as found in the above
+     variables when we find a match better than any we've seen before.
+     This happens as we backtrack through the failure points, which in
+     turn happens only if we have not yet matched the entire string. */
+  unsigned best_regs_set = false;
+  const char **best_regstart = NULL, **best_regend = NULL;
+
+  /* Logically, this is `best_regend[0]'.  But we don't want to have to
+     allocate space for that if we're not allocating space for anything
+     else (see below).  Also, we never need info about register 0 for
+     any of the other register vectors, and it seems rather a kludge to
+     treat `best_regend' differently than the rest.  So we keep track of
+     the end of the best match so far in a separate variable.  We
+     initialize this to NULL so that when we backtrack the first time
+     and need to test it, it's not garbage.  */
+  const char *match_end = NULL;
+
+  /* Used when we pop values we don't care about.  */
+  const char **reg_dummy = NULL;
+  register_info_type *reg_info_dummy = NULL;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  /* Counts the total number of registers pushed.  */
+  unsigned num_regs_pushed = 0;
+#endif
+
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\n\nEntering re_match_2.\n");
+
+  INIT_FAIL_STACK ();
+
+  /* Do not bother to initialize all the register variables if there are
+     no groups in the pattern, as it takes a fair amount of time.  If
+     there are groups, we include space for register 0 (the whole
+     pattern), even though we never use it, since it simplifies the
+     array indexing.  We should fix this.  */
+  if (bufp->re_nsub)
+    {
+      regstart = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      regend = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      old_regstart = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      old_regend = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      best_regstart = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      best_regend = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      reg_info = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, register_info_type);
+      reg_dummy = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, const char *);
+      reg_info_dummy = REGEX_TALLOC (num_regs, register_info_type);
+
+      if (!(regstart && regend && old_regstart && old_regend && reg_info
+	    && best_regstart && best_regend && reg_dummy && reg_info_dummy))
+	{
+	  FREE_VARIABLES ();
+	  return -2;
+	}
+    }
+#ifdef REGEX_MALLOC
+  else
+    {
+      /* We must initialize all our variables to NULL, so that
+	 `FREE_VARIABLES' doesn't try to free them.  */
+      regstart = regend = old_regstart = old_regend = best_regstart
+	= best_regend = reg_dummy = NULL;
+      reg_info = reg_info_dummy = (register_info_type *) NULL;
+    }
+#endif /* REGEX_MALLOC */
+
+  /* The starting position is bogus.  */
+  if (pos < 0 || pos > size1 + size2)
+    {
+      FREE_VARIABLES ();
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* Initialize subexpression text positions to -1 to mark ones that no
+     start_memory/stop_memory has been seen for. Also initialize the
+     register information struct.  */
+  for (mcnt = 1; mcnt < num_regs; mcnt++)
+    {
+      regstart[mcnt] = regend[mcnt]
+	= old_regstart[mcnt] = old_regend[mcnt] = REG_UNSET_VALUE;
+
+      REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[mcnt]) = MATCH_NULL_UNSET_VALUE;
+      IS_ACTIVE (reg_info[mcnt]) = 0;
+      MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[mcnt]) = 0;
+      EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[mcnt]) = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* We move `string1' into `string2' if the latter's empty -- but not if
+     `string1' is null.  */
+  if (size2 == 0 && string1 != NULL)
+    {
+      string2 = string1;
+      size2 = size1;
+      string1 = 0;
+      size1 = 0;
+    }
+  end1 = string1 + size1;
+  end2 = string2 + size2;
+
+  /* Compute where to stop matching, within the two strings.  */
+  if (stop <= size1)
+    {
+      end_match_1 = string1 + stop;
+      end_match_2 = string2;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      end_match_1 = end1;
+      end_match_2 = string2 + stop - size1;
+    }
+
+  /* `p' scans through the pattern as `d' scans through the data.
+     `dend' is the end of the input string that `d' points within.  `d'
+     is advanced into the following input string whenever necessary, but
+     this happens before fetching; therefore, at the beginning of the
+     loop, `d' can be pointing at the end of a string, but it cannot
+     equal `string2'.  */
+  if (size1 > 0 && pos <= size1)
+    {
+      d = string1 + pos;
+      dend = end_match_1;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      d = string2 + pos - size1;
+      dend = end_match_2;
+    }
+
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("The compiled pattern is: ");
+  DEBUG_PRINT_COMPILED_PATTERN (bufp, p, pend);
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("The string to match is: `");
+  DEBUG_PRINT_DOUBLE_STRING (d, string1, size1, string2, size2);
+  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("'\n");
+
+  /* This loops over pattern commands.  It exits by returning from the
+     function if the match is complete, or it drops through if the match
+     fails at this starting point in the input data.  */
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      DEBUG_PRINT2 ("\n0x%x: ", p);
+
+      if (p == pend)
+	{ /* End of pattern means we might have succeeded.  */
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("end of pattern ... ");
+
+	  /* If we haven't matched the entire string, and we want the
+	     longest match, try backtracking.  */
+	  if (d != end_match_2)
+	    {
+	      DEBUG_PRINT1 ("backtracking.\n");
+
+	      if (!FAIL_STACK_EMPTY ())
+		{ /* More failure points to try.  */
+		  boolean same_str_p = (FIRST_STRING_P (match_end)
+					== MATCHING_IN_FIRST_STRING);
+
+		  /* If exceeds best match so far, save it.  */
+		  if (!best_regs_set
+		      || (same_str_p && d > match_end)
+		      || (!same_str_p && !MATCHING_IN_FIRST_STRING))
+		    {
+		      best_regs_set = true;
+		      match_end = d;
+
+		      DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\nSAVING match as best so far.\n");
+
+		      for (mcnt = 1; mcnt < num_regs; mcnt++)
+			{
+			  best_regstart[mcnt] = regstart[mcnt];
+			  best_regend[mcnt] = regend[mcnt];
+			}
+		    }
+		  goto fail;
+		}
+
+	      /* If no failure points, don't restore garbage.  */
+	      else if (best_regs_set)
+		{
+		restore_best_regs:
+		  /* Restore best match.  It may happen that `dend ==
+		     end_match_1' while the restored d is in string2.
+		     For example, the pattern `x.*y.*z' against the
+		     strings `x-' and `y-z-', if the two strings are
+		     not consecutive in memory.  */
+		  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("Restoring best registers.\n");
+
+		  d = match_end;
+		  dend = ((d >= string1 && d <= end1)
+			   ? end_match_1 : end_match_2);
+
+		  for (mcnt = 1; mcnt < num_regs; mcnt++)
+		    {
+		      regstart[mcnt] = best_regstart[mcnt];
+		      regend[mcnt] = best_regend[mcnt];
+		    }
+		}
+	    } /* d != end_match_2 */
+
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("Accepting match.\n");
+
+	  /* If caller wants register contents data back, do it.  */
+	  if (regs && !bufp->no_sub)
+	    {
+	      /* Have the register data arrays been allocated?  */
+	      if (bufp->regs_allocated == REGS_UNALLOCATED)
+		{ /* No.  So allocate them with malloc.  We need one
+		     extra element beyond `num_regs' for the `-1' marker
+		     GNU code uses.  */
+		  regs->num_regs = MAX (RE_NREGS, num_regs + 1);
+		  regs->start = TALLOC (regs->num_regs, regoff_t);
+		  regs->end = TALLOC (regs->num_regs, regoff_t);
+		  if (regs->start == NULL || regs->end == NULL)
+		    return -2;
+		  bufp->regs_allocated = REGS_REALLOCATE;
+		}
+	      else if (bufp->regs_allocated == REGS_REALLOCATE)
+		{ /* Yes.  If we need more elements than were already
+		     allocated, reallocate them.  If we need fewer, just
+		     leave it alone.  */
+		  if (regs->num_regs < num_regs + 1)
+		    {
+		      regs->num_regs = num_regs + 1;
+		      RETALLOC (regs->start, regs->num_regs, regoff_t);
+		      RETALLOC (regs->end, regs->num_regs, regoff_t);
+		      if (regs->start == NULL || regs->end == NULL)
+			return -2;
+		    }
+		}
+	      else
+		assert (bufp->regs_allocated == REGS_FIXED);
+
+	      /* Convert the pointer data in `regstart' and `regend' to
+		 indices.  Register zero has to be set differently,
+		 since we haven't kept track of any info for it.  */
+	      if (regs->num_regs > 0)
+		{
+		  regs->start[0] = pos;
+		  regs->end[0] = (MATCHING_IN_FIRST_STRING ? d - string1
+				  : d - string2 + size1);
+		}
+
+	      /* Go through the first `min (num_regs, regs->num_regs)'
+		 registers, since that is all we initialized.  */
+	      for (mcnt = 1; mcnt < MIN (num_regs, regs->num_regs); mcnt++)
+		{
+		  if (REG_UNSET (regstart[mcnt]) || REG_UNSET (regend[mcnt]))
+		    regs->start[mcnt] = regs->end[mcnt] = -1;
+		  else
+		    {
+		      regs->start[mcnt] = POINTER_TO_OFFSET (regstart[mcnt]);
+		      regs->end[mcnt] = POINTER_TO_OFFSET (regend[mcnt]);
+		    }
+		}
+
+	      /* If the regs structure we return has more elements than
+		 were in the pattern, set the extra elements to -1.  If
+		 we (re)allocated the registers, this is the case,
+		 because we always allocate enough to have at least one
+		 -1 at the end.  */
+	      for (mcnt = num_regs; mcnt < regs->num_regs; mcnt++)
+		regs->start[mcnt] = regs->end[mcnt] = -1;
+	    } /* regs && !bufp->no_sub */
+
+	  FREE_VARIABLES ();
+	  DEBUG_PRINT4 ("%u failure points pushed, %u popped (%u remain).\n",
+			nfailure_points_pushed, nfailure_points_popped,
+			nfailure_points_pushed - nfailure_points_popped);
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("%u registers pushed.\n", num_regs_pushed);
+
+	  mcnt = d - pos - (MATCHING_IN_FIRST_STRING
+			    ? string1
+			    : string2 - size1);
+
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("Returning %d from re_match_2.\n", mcnt);
+
+	  return mcnt;
+	}
+
+      /* Otherwise match next pattern command.  */
+#ifdef SWITCH_ENUM_BUG
+      switch ((int) ((re_opcode_t) *p++))
+#else
+      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p++)
+#endif
+	{
+	/* Ignore these.  Used to ignore the n of succeed_n's which
+	   currently have n == 0.  */
+	case no_op:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING no_op.\n");
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* Match the next n pattern characters exactly.  The following
+	   byte in the pattern defines n, and the n bytes after that
+	   are the characters to match.  */
+	case exactn:
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING exactn %d.\n", mcnt);
+
+	  /* This is written out as an if-else so we don't waste time
+	     testing `translate' inside the loop.  */
+	  if (translate)
+	    {
+	      do
+		{
+		  PREFETCH ();
+		  if (translate[(unsigned char) *d++] != (char) *p++)
+		    goto fail;
+		}
+	      while (--mcnt);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      do
+		{
+		  PREFETCH ();
+		  if (*d++ != (char) *p++) goto fail;
+		}
+	      while (--mcnt);
+	    }
+	  SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* Match any character except possibly a newline or a null.  */
+	case anychar:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING anychar.\n");
+
+	  PREFETCH ();
+
+	  if ((!(bufp->syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE) && TRANSLATE (*d) == '\n')
+	      || (bufp->syntax & RE_DOT_NOT_NULL && TRANSLATE (*d) == '\000'))
+	    goto fail;
+
+	  SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Matched `%d'.\n", *d);
+	  d++;
+	  break;
+
+
+	case charset:
+	case charset_not:
+	  {
+	    register unsigned char c;
+	    boolean not = (re_opcode_t) *(p - 1) == charset_not;
+
+	    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING charset%s.\n", not ? "_not" : "");
+
+	    PREFETCH ();
+	    c = TRANSLATE (*d); /* The character to match.  */
+
+	    /* Cast to `unsigned' instead of `unsigned char' in case the
+	       bit list is a full 32 bytes long.  */
+	    if (c < (unsigned) (*p * BYTEWIDTH)
+		&& p[1 + c / BYTEWIDTH] & (1 << (c % BYTEWIDTH)))
+	      not = !not;
+
+	    p += 1 + *p;
+
+	    if (!not) goto fail;
+
+	    SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	    d++;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+
+	/* The beginning of a group is represented by start_memory.
+	   The arguments are the register number in the next byte, and the
+	   number of groups inner to this one in the next.  The text
+	   matched within the group is recorded (in the internal
+	   registers data structure) under the register number.  */
+	case start_memory:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT3 ("EXECUTING start_memory %d (%d):\n", *p, p[1]);
+
+	  /* Find out if this group can match the empty string.  */
+	  p1 = p;		/* To send to group_match_null_string_p.  */
+
+	  if (REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[*p]) == MATCH_NULL_UNSET_VALUE)
+	    REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[*p])
+	      = group_match_null_string_p (&p1, pend, reg_info);
+
+	  /* Save the position in the string where we were the last time
+	     we were at this open-group operator in case the group is
+	     operated upon by a repetition operator, e.g., with `(a*)*b'
+	     against `ab'; then we want to ignore where we are now in
+	     the string in case this attempt to match fails.  */
+	  old_regstart[*p] = REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[*p])
+			     ? REG_UNSET (regstart[*p]) ? d : regstart[*p]
+			     : regstart[*p];
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  old_regstart: %d\n",
+			 POINTER_TO_OFFSET (old_regstart[*p]));
+
+	  regstart[*p] = d;
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  regstart: %d\n", POINTER_TO_OFFSET (regstart[*p]));
+
+	  IS_ACTIVE (reg_info[*p]) = 1;
+	  MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[*p]) = 0;
+
+	  /* This is the new highest active register.  */
+	  highest_active_reg = *p;
+
+	  /* If nothing was active before, this is the new lowest active
+	     register.  */
+	  if (lowest_active_reg == NO_LOWEST_ACTIVE_REG)
+	    lowest_active_reg = *p;
+
+	  /* Move past the register number and inner group count.  */
+	  p += 2;
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* The stop_memory opcode represents the end of a group.  Its
+	   arguments are the same as start_memory's: the register
+	   number, and the number of inner groups.  */
+	case stop_memory:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT3 ("EXECUTING stop_memory %d (%d):\n", *p, p[1]);
+
+	  /* We need to save the string position the last time we were at
+	     this close-group operator in case the group is operated
+	     upon by a repetition operator, e.g., with `((a*)*(b*)*)*'
+	     against `aba'; then we want to ignore where we are now in
+	     the string in case this attempt to match fails.  */
+	  old_regend[*p] = REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[*p])
+			   ? REG_UNSET (regend[*p]) ? d : regend[*p]
+			   : regend[*p];
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("      old_regend: %d\n",
+			 POINTER_TO_OFFSET (old_regend[*p]));
+
+	  regend[*p] = d;
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("      regend: %d\n", POINTER_TO_OFFSET (regend[*p]));
+
+	  /* This register isn't active anymore.  */
+	  IS_ACTIVE (reg_info[*p]) = 0;
+
+	  /* If this was the only register active, nothing is active
+	     anymore.  */
+	  if (lowest_active_reg == highest_active_reg)
+	    {
+	      lowest_active_reg = NO_LOWEST_ACTIVE_REG;
+	      highest_active_reg = NO_HIGHEST_ACTIVE_REG;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    { /* We must scan for the new highest active register, since
+		 it isn't necessarily one less than now: consider
+		 (a(b)c(d(e)f)g).  When group 3 ends, after the f), the
+		 new highest active register is 1.  */
+	      unsigned char r = *p - 1;
+	      while (r > 0 && !IS_ACTIVE (reg_info[r]))
+		r--;
+
+	      /* If we end up at register zero, that means that we saved
+		 the registers as the result of an `on_failure_jump', not
+		 a `start_memory', and we jumped to past the innermost
+		 `stop_memory'.  For example, in ((.)*) we save
+		 registers 1 and 2 as a result of the *, but when we pop
+		 back to the second ), we are at the stop_memory 1.
+		 Thus, nothing is active.  */
+	      if (r == 0)
+		{
+		  lowest_active_reg = NO_LOWEST_ACTIVE_REG;
+		  highest_active_reg = NO_HIGHEST_ACTIVE_REG;
+		}
+	      else
+		highest_active_reg = r;
+	    }
+
+	  /* If just failed to match something this time around with a
+	     group that's operated on by a repetition operator, try to
+	     force exit from the ``loop'', and restore the register
+	     information for this group that we had before trying this
+	     last match.  */
+	  if ((!MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[*p])
+	       || (re_opcode_t) p[-3] == start_memory)
+	      && (p + 2) < pend)
+	    {
+	      boolean is_a_jump_n = false;
+
+	      p1 = p + 2;
+	      mcnt = 0;
+	      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p1++)
+		{
+		  case jump_n:
+		    is_a_jump_n = true;
+		  case pop_failure_jump:
+		  case maybe_pop_jump:
+		  case jump:
+		  case dummy_failure_jump:
+		    EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+		    if (is_a_jump_n)
+		      p1 += 2;
+		    break;
+
+		  default:
+		    /* do nothing */ ;
+		}
+	      p1 += mcnt;
+
+	      /* If the next operation is a jump backwards in the pattern
+		 to an on_failure_jump right before the start_memory
+		 corresponding to this stop_memory, exit from the loop
+		 by forcing a failure after pushing on the stack the
+		 on_failure_jump's jump in the pattern, and d.  */
+	      if (mcnt < 0 && (re_opcode_t) *p1 == on_failure_jump
+		  && (re_opcode_t) p1[3] == start_memory && p1[4] == *p)
+		{
+		  /* If this group ever matched anything, then restore
+		     what its registers were before trying this last
+		     failed match, e.g., with `(a*)*b' against `ab' for
+		     regstart[1], and, e.g., with `((a*)*(b*)*)*'
+		     against `aba' for regend[3].
+
+		     Also restore the registers for inner groups for,
+		     e.g., `((a*)(b*))*' against `aba' (register 3 would
+		     otherwise get trashed).  */
+
+		  if (EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[*p]))
+		    {
+		      unsigned r;
+
+		      EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING (reg_info[*p]) = 0;
+
+		      /* Restore this and inner groups' (if any) registers.  */
+		      for (r = *p; r < *p + *(p + 1); r++)
+			{
+			  regstart[r] = old_regstart[r];
+
+			  /* xx why this test?  */
+			  if ((int) old_regend[r] >= (int) regstart[r])
+			    regend[r] = old_regend[r];
+			}
+		    }
+		  p1++;
+		  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+		  PUSH_FAILURE_POINT (p1 + mcnt, d, -2);
+
+		  goto fail;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* Move past the register number and the inner group count.  */
+	  p += 2;
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* \<digit> has been turned into a `duplicate' command which is
+	   followed by the numeric value of <digit> as the register number.  */
+	case duplicate:
+	  {
+	    register const char *d2, *dend2;
+	    int regno = *p++;   /* Get which register to match against.  */
+	    DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING duplicate %d.\n", regno);
+
+	    /* Can't back reference a group which we've never matched.  */
+	    if (REG_UNSET (regstart[regno]) || REG_UNSET (regend[regno]))
+	      goto fail;
+
+	    /* Where in input to try to start matching.  */
+	    d2 = regstart[regno];
+
+	    /* Where to stop matching; if both the place to start and
+	       the place to stop matching are in the same string, then
+	       set to the place to stop, otherwise, for now have to use
+	       the end of the first string.  */
+
+	    dend2 = ((FIRST_STRING_P (regstart[regno])
+		      == FIRST_STRING_P (regend[regno]))
+		     ? regend[regno] : end_match_1);
+	    for (;;)
+	      {
+		/* If necessary, advance to next segment in register
+		   contents.  */
+		while (d2 == dend2)
+		  {
+		    if (dend2 == end_match_2) break;
+		    if (dend2 == regend[regno]) break;
+
+		    /* End of string1 => advance to string2. */
+		    d2 = string2;
+		    dend2 = regend[regno];
+		  }
+		/* At end of register contents => success */
+		if (d2 == dend2) break;
+
+		/* If necessary, advance to next segment in data.  */
+		PREFETCH ();
+
+		/* How many characters left in this segment to match.  */
+		mcnt = dend - d;
+
+		/* Want how many consecutive characters we can match in
+		   one shot, so, if necessary, adjust the count.  */
+		if (mcnt > dend2 - d2)
+		  mcnt = dend2 - d2;
+
+		/* Compare that many; failure if mismatch, else move
+		   past them.  */
+		if (translate
+		    ? bcmp_translate (d, d2, mcnt, translate)
+		    : bcmp (d, d2, mcnt))
+		  goto fail;
+		d += mcnt, d2 += mcnt;
+	      }
+	  }
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* begline matches the empty string at the beginning of the string
+	   (unless `not_bol' is set in `bufp'), and, if
+	   `newline_anchor' is set, after newlines.  */
+	case begline:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING begline.\n");
+
+	  if (AT_STRINGS_BEG (d))
+	    {
+	      if (!bufp->not_bol) break;
+	    }
+	  else if (d[-1] == '\n' && bufp->newline_anchor)
+	    {
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  /* In all other cases, we fail.  */
+	  goto fail;
+
+
+	/* endline is the dual of begline.  */
+	case endline:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING endline.\n");
+
+	  if (AT_STRINGS_END (d))
+	    {
+	      if (!bufp->not_eol) break;
+	    }
+
+	  /* We have to ``prefetch'' the next character.  */
+	  else if ((d == end1 ? *string2 : *d) == '\n'
+		   && bufp->newline_anchor)
+	    {
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  goto fail;
+
+
+	/* Match at the very beginning of the data.  */
+	case begbuf:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING begbuf.\n");
+	  if (AT_STRINGS_BEG (d))
+	    break;
+	  goto fail;
+
+
+	/* Match at the very end of the data.  */
+	case endbuf:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING endbuf.\n");
+	  if (AT_STRINGS_END (d))
+	    break;
+	  goto fail;
+
+
+	/* on_failure_keep_string_jump is used to optimize `.*\n'.  It
+	   pushes NULL as the value for the string on the stack.  Then
+	   `pop_failure_point' will keep the current value for the
+	   string, instead of restoring it.  To see why, consider
+	   matching `foo\nbar' against `.*\n'.  The .* matches the foo;
+	   then the . fails against the \n.  But the next thing we want
+	   to do is match the \n against the \n; if we restored the
+	   string value, we would be back at the foo.
+
+	   Because this is used only in specific cases, we don't need to
+	   check all the things that `on_failure_jump' does, to make
+	   sure the right things get saved on the stack.  Hence we don't
+	   share its code.  The only reason to push anything on the
+	   stack at all is that otherwise we would have to change
+	   `anychar's code to do something besides goto fail in this
+	   case; that seems worse than this.  */
+	case on_failure_keep_string_jump:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING on_failure_keep_string_jump");
+
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p);
+	  DEBUG_PRINT3 (" %d (to 0x%x):\n", mcnt, p + mcnt);
+
+	  PUSH_FAILURE_POINT (p + mcnt, NULL, -2);
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* Uses of on_failure_jump:
+
+	   Each alternative starts with an on_failure_jump that points
+	   to the beginning of the next alternative.  Each alternative
+	   except the last ends with a jump that in effect jumps past
+	   the rest of the alternatives.  (They really jump to the
+	   ending jump of the following alternative, because tensioning
+	   these jumps is a hassle.)
+
+	   Repeats start with an on_failure_jump that points past both
+	   the repetition text and either the following jump or
+	   pop_failure_jump back to this on_failure_jump.  */
+	case on_failure_jump:
+	on_failure:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING on_failure_jump");
+
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p);
+	  DEBUG_PRINT3 (" %d (to 0x%x)", mcnt, p + mcnt);
+
+	  /* If this on_failure_jump comes right before a group (i.e.,
+	     the original * applied to a group), save the information
+	     for that group and all inner ones, so that if we fail back
+	     to this point, the group's information will be correct.
+	     For example, in \(a*\)*\1, we need the preceding group,
+	     and in \(\(a*\)b*\)\2, we need the inner group.  */
+
+	  /* We can't use `p' to check ahead because we push
+	     a failure point to `p + mcnt' after we do this.  */
+	  p1 = p;
+
+	  /* We need to skip no_op's before we look for the
+	     start_memory in case this on_failure_jump is happening as
+	     the result of a completed succeed_n, as in \(a\)\{1,3\}b\1
+	     against aba.  */
+	  while (p1 < pend && (re_opcode_t) *p1 == no_op)
+	    p1++;
+
+	  if (p1 < pend && (re_opcode_t) *p1 == start_memory)
+	    {
+	      /* We have a new highest active register now.  This will
+		 get reset at the start_memory we are about to get to,
+		 but we will have saved all the registers relevant to
+		 this repetition op, as described above.  */
+	      highest_active_reg = *(p1 + 1) + *(p1 + 2);
+	      if (lowest_active_reg == NO_LOWEST_ACTIVE_REG)
+		lowest_active_reg = *(p1 + 1);
+	    }
+
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 (":\n");
+	  PUSH_FAILURE_POINT (p + mcnt, d, -2);
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* A smart repeat ends with `maybe_pop_jump'.
+	   We change it to either `pop_failure_jump' or `jump'.  */
+	case maybe_pop_jump:
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p);
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING maybe_pop_jump %d.\n", mcnt);
+	  {
+	    register unsigned char *p2 = p;
+
+	    /* Compare the beginning of the repeat with what in the
+	       pattern follows its end. If we can establish that there
+	       is nothing that they would both match, i.e., that we
+	       would have to backtrack because of (as in, e.g., `a*a')
+	       then we can change to pop_failure_jump, because we'll
+	       never have to backtrack.
+
+	       This is not true in the case of alternatives: in
+	       `(a|ab)*' we do need to backtrack to the `ab' alternative
+	       (e.g., if the string was `ab').  But instead of trying to
+	       detect that here, the alternative has put on a dummy
+	       failure point which is what we will end up popping.  */
+
+	    /* Skip over open/close-group commands.  */
+	    while (p2 + 2 < pend
+		   && ((re_opcode_t) *p2 == stop_memory
+		       || (re_opcode_t) *p2 == start_memory))
+	      p2 += 3;			/* Skip over args, too.  */
+
+	    /* If we're at the end of the pattern, we can change.  */
+	    if (p2 == pend)
+	      {
+		/* Consider what happens when matching ":\(.*\)"
+		   against ":/".  I don't really understand this code
+		   yet.  */
+		p[-3] = (unsigned char) pop_failure_jump;
+		DEBUG_PRINT1
+		  ("  End of pattern: change to `pop_failure_jump'.\n");
+	      }
+
+	    else if ((re_opcode_t) *p2 == exactn
+		     || (bufp->newline_anchor && (re_opcode_t) *p2 == endline))
+	      {
+		register unsigned char c
+		  = *p2 == (unsigned char) endline ? '\n' : p2[2];
+		p1 = p + mcnt;
+
+		/* p1[0] ... p1[2] are the `on_failure_jump' corresponding
+		   to the `maybe_finalize_jump' of this case.  Examine what
+		   follows.  */
+		if ((re_opcode_t) p1[3] == exactn && p1[5] != c)
+		  {
+		    p[-3] = (unsigned char) pop_failure_jump;
+		    DEBUG_PRINT3 ("  %c != %c => pop_failure_jump.\n",
+				  c, p1[5]);
+		  }
+
+		else if ((re_opcode_t) p1[3] == charset
+			 || (re_opcode_t) p1[3] == charset_not)
+		  {
+		    int not = (re_opcode_t) p1[3] == charset_not;
+
+		    if (c < (unsigned char) (p1[4] * BYTEWIDTH)
+			&& p1[5 + c / BYTEWIDTH] & (1 << (c % BYTEWIDTH)))
+		      not = !not;
+
+		    /* `not' is equal to 1 if c would match, which means
+			that we can't change to pop_failure_jump.  */
+		    if (!not)
+		      {
+			p[-3] = (unsigned char) pop_failure_jump;
+			DEBUG_PRINT1 ("  No match => pop_failure_jump.\n");
+		      }
+		  }
+	      }
+	  }
+	  p -= 2;		/* Point at relative address again.  */
+	  if ((re_opcode_t) p[-1] != pop_failure_jump)
+	    {
+	      p[-1] = (unsigned char) jump;
+	      DEBUG_PRINT1 ("  Match => jump.\n");
+	      goto unconditional_jump;
+	    }
+	/* Note fall through.  */
+
+
+	/* The end of a simple repeat has a pop_failure_jump back to
+	   its matching on_failure_jump, where the latter will push a
+	   failure point.  The pop_failure_jump takes off failure
+	   points put on by this pop_failure_jump's matching
+	   on_failure_jump; we got through the pattern to here from the
+	   matching on_failure_jump, so didn't fail.  */
+	case pop_failure_jump:
+	  {
+	    /* We need to pass separate storage for the lowest and
+	       highest registers, even though we don't care about the
+	       actual values.  Otherwise, we will restore only one
+	       register from the stack, since lowest will == highest in
+	       `pop_failure_point'.  */
+	    unsigned dummy_low_reg, dummy_high_reg;
+	    unsigned char *pdummy;
+	    const char *sdummy;
+
+	    DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING pop_failure_jump.\n");
+	    POP_FAILURE_POINT (sdummy, pdummy,
+			       dummy_low_reg, dummy_high_reg,
+			       reg_dummy, reg_dummy, reg_info_dummy);
+	  }
+	  /* Note fall through.  */
+
+
+	/* Unconditionally jump (without popping any failure points).  */
+	case jump:
+	unconditional_jump:
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p);	/* Get the amount to jump.  */
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING jump %d ", mcnt);
+	  p += mcnt;				/* Do the jump.  */
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("(to 0x%x).\n", p);
+	  break;
+
+
+	/* We need this opcode so we can detect where alternatives end
+	   in `group_match_null_string_p' et al.  */
+	case jump_past_alt:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING jump_past_alt.\n");
+	  goto unconditional_jump;
+
+
+	/* Normally, the on_failure_jump pushes a failure point, which
+	   then gets popped at pop_failure_jump.  We will end up at
+	   pop_failure_jump, also, and with a pattern of, say, `a+', we
+	   are skipping over the on_failure_jump, so we have to push
+	   something meaningless for pop_failure_jump to pop.  */
+	case dummy_failure_jump:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING dummy_failure_jump.\n");
+	  /* It doesn't matter what we push for the string here.  What
+	     the code at `fail' tests is the value for the pattern.  */
+	  PUSH_FAILURE_POINT (0, 0, -2);
+	  goto unconditional_jump;
+
+
+	/* At the end of an alternative, we need to push a dummy failure
+	   point in case we are followed by a `pop_failure_jump', because
+	   we don't want the failure point for the alternative to be
+	   popped.  For example, matching `(a|ab)*' against `aab'
+	   requires that we match the `ab' alternative.  */
+	case push_dummy_failure:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING push_dummy_failure.\n");
+	  /* See comments just above at `dummy_failure_jump' about the
+	     two zeroes.  */
+	  PUSH_FAILURE_POINT (0, 0, -2);
+	  break;
+
+	/* Have to succeed matching what follows at least n times.
+	   After that, handle like `on_failure_jump'.  */
+	case succeed_n:
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER (mcnt, p + 2);
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING succeed_n %d.\n", mcnt);
+
+	  assert (mcnt >= 0);
+	  /* Originally, this is how many times we HAVE to succeed.  */
+	  if (mcnt > 0)
+	    {
+	       mcnt--;
+	       p += 2;
+	       STORE_NUMBER_AND_INCR (p, mcnt);
+	       DEBUG_PRINT3 ("  Setting 0x%x to %d.\n", p, mcnt);
+	    }
+	  else if (mcnt == 0)
+	    {
+	      DEBUG_PRINT2 ("  Setting two bytes from 0x%x to no_op.\n", p+2);
+	      p[2] = (unsigned char) no_op;
+	      p[3] = (unsigned char) no_op;
+	      goto on_failure;
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+	case jump_n:
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER (mcnt, p + 2);
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING jump_n %d.\n", mcnt);
+
+	  /* Originally, this is how many times we CAN jump.  */
+	  if (mcnt)
+	    {
+	       mcnt--;
+	       STORE_NUMBER (p + 2, mcnt);
+	       goto unconditional_jump;
+	    }
+	  /* If don't have to jump any more, skip over the rest of command.  */
+	  else
+	    p += 4;
+	  break;
+
+	case set_number_at:
+	  {
+	    DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING set_number_at.\n");
+
+	    EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p);
+	    p1 = p + mcnt;
+	    EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p);
+	    DEBUG_PRINT3 ("  Setting 0x%x to %d.\n", p1, mcnt);
+	    STORE_NUMBER (p1, mcnt);
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	case wordbound:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING wordbound.\n");
+	  if (AT_WORD_BOUNDARY (d))
+	    break;
+	  goto fail;
+
+	case notwordbound:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING notwordbound.\n");
+	  if (AT_WORD_BOUNDARY (d))
+	    goto fail;
+	  break;
+
+	case wordbeg:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING wordbeg.\n");
+	  if (WORDCHAR_P (d) && (AT_STRINGS_BEG (d) || !WORDCHAR_P (d - 1)))
+	    break;
+	  goto fail;
+
+	case wordend:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING wordend.\n");
+	  if (!AT_STRINGS_BEG (d) && WORDCHAR_P (d - 1)
+	      && (!WORDCHAR_P (d) || AT_STRINGS_END (d)))
+	    break;
+	  goto fail;
+
+#ifdef emacs
+#ifdef emacs19
+	case before_dot:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING before_dot.\n");
+	  if (PTR_CHAR_POS ((unsigned char *) d) >= point)
+	    goto fail;
+	  break;
+
+	case at_dot:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING at_dot.\n");
+	  if (PTR_CHAR_POS ((unsigned char *) d) != point)
+	    goto fail;
+	  break;
+
+	case after_dot:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING after_dot.\n");
+	  if (PTR_CHAR_POS ((unsigned char *) d) <= point)
+	    goto fail;
+	  break;
+#else /* not emacs19 */
+	case at_dot:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING at_dot.\n");
+	  if (PTR_CHAR_POS ((unsigned char *) d) + 1 != point)
+	    goto fail;
+	  break;
+#endif /* not emacs19 */
+
+	case syntaxspec:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING syntaxspec %d.\n", mcnt);
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  goto matchsyntax;
+
+	case wordchar:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING Emacs wordchar.\n");
+	  mcnt = (int) Sword;
+	matchsyntax:
+	  PREFETCH ();
+	  if (SYNTAX (*d++) != (enum syntaxcode) mcnt)
+	    goto fail;
+	  SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	  break;
+
+	case notsyntaxspec:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT2 ("EXECUTING notsyntaxspec %d.\n", mcnt);
+	  mcnt = *p++;
+	  goto matchnotsyntax;
+
+	case notwordchar:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING Emacs notwordchar.\n");
+	  mcnt = (int) Sword;
+	matchnotsyntax:
+	  PREFETCH ();
+	  if (SYNTAX (*d++) == (enum syntaxcode) mcnt)
+	    goto fail;
+	  SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	  break;
+
+#else /* not emacs */
+	case wordchar:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING non-Emacs wordchar.\n");
+	  PREFETCH ();
+	  if (!WORDCHAR_P (d))
+	    goto fail;
+	  SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	  d++;
+	  break;
+
+	case notwordchar:
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("EXECUTING non-Emacs notwordchar.\n");
+	  PREFETCH ();
+	  if (WORDCHAR_P (d))
+	    goto fail;
+	  SET_REGS_MATCHED ();
+	  d++;
+	  break;
+#endif /* not emacs */
+
+	default:
+	  abort ();
+	}
+      continue;  /* Successfully executed one pattern command; keep going.  */
+
+
+    /* We goto here if a matching operation fails. */
+    fail:
+      if (!FAIL_STACK_EMPTY ())
+	{ /* A restart point is known.  Restore to that state.  */
+	  DEBUG_PRINT1 ("\nFAIL:\n");
+	  POP_FAILURE_POINT (d, p,
+			     lowest_active_reg, highest_active_reg,
+			     regstart, regend, reg_info);
+
+	  /* If this failure point is a dummy, try the next one.  */
+	  if (!p)
+	    goto fail;
+
+	  /* If we failed to the end of the pattern, don't examine *p.  */
+	  assert (p <= pend);
+	  if (p < pend)
+	    {
+	      boolean is_a_jump_n = false;
+
+	      /* If failed to a backwards jump that's part of a repetition
+		 loop, need to pop this failure point and use the next one.  */
+	      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p)
+		{
+		case jump_n:
+		  is_a_jump_n = true;
+		case maybe_pop_jump:
+		case pop_failure_jump:
+		case jump:
+		  p1 = p + 1;
+		  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+		  p1 += mcnt;
+
+		  if ((is_a_jump_n && (re_opcode_t) *p1 == succeed_n)
+		      || (!is_a_jump_n
+			  && (re_opcode_t) *p1 == on_failure_jump))
+		    goto fail;
+		  break;
+		default:
+		  /* do nothing */ ;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  if (d >= string1 && d <= end1)
+	    dend = end_match_1;
+	}
+      else
+	break;   /* Matching at this starting point really fails.  */
+    } /* for (;;) */
+
+  if (best_regs_set)
+    goto restore_best_regs;
+
+  FREE_VARIABLES ();
+
+  return -1;         			/* Failure to match.  */
+} /* re_match_2 */
+
+/* Subroutine definitions for re_match_2.  */
+
+
+/* We are passed P pointing to a register number after a start_memory.
+
+   Return true if the pattern up to the corresponding stop_memory can
+   match the empty string, and false otherwise.
+
+   If we find the matching stop_memory, sets P to point to one past its number.
+   Otherwise, sets P to an undefined byte less than or equal to END.
+
+   We don't handle duplicates properly (yet).  */
+
+static boolean
+group_match_null_string_p (p, end, reg_info)
+    unsigned char **p, *end;
+    register_info_type *reg_info;
+{
+  int mcnt;
+  /* Point to after the args to the start_memory.  */
+  unsigned char *p1 = *p + 2;
+
+  while (p1 < end)
+    {
+      /* Skip over opcodes that can match nothing, and return true or
+	 false, as appropriate, when we get to one that can't, or to the
+	 matching stop_memory.  */
+
+      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p1)
+	{
+	/* Could be either a loop or a series of alternatives.  */
+	case on_failure_jump:
+	  p1++;
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+
+	  /* If the next operation is not a jump backwards in the
+	     pattern.  */
+
+	  if (mcnt >= 0)
+	    {
+	      /* Go through the on_failure_jumps of the alternatives,
+		 seeing if any of the alternatives cannot match nothing.
+		 The last alternative starts with only a jump,
+		 whereas the rest start with on_failure_jump and end
+		 with a jump, e.g., here is the pattern for `a|b|c':
+
+		 /on_failure_jump/0/6/exactn/1/a/jump_past_alt/0/6
+		 /on_failure_jump/0/6/exactn/1/b/jump_past_alt/0/3
+		 /exactn/1/c
+
+		 So, we have to first go through the first (n-1)
+		 alternatives and then deal with the last one separately.  */
+
+
+	      /* Deal with the first (n-1) alternatives, which start
+		 with an on_failure_jump (see above) that jumps to right
+		 past a jump_past_alt.  */
+
+	      while ((re_opcode_t) p1[mcnt-3] == jump_past_alt)
+		{
+		  /* `mcnt' holds how many bytes long the alternative
+		     is, including the ending `jump_past_alt' and
+		     its number.  */
+
+		  if (!alt_match_null_string_p (p1, p1 + mcnt - 3,
+						      reg_info))
+		    return false;
+
+		  /* Move to right after this alternative, including the
+		     jump_past_alt.  */
+		  p1 += mcnt;
+
+		  /* Break if it's the beginning of an n-th alternative
+		     that doesn't begin with an on_failure_jump.  */
+		  if ((re_opcode_t) *p1 != on_failure_jump)
+		    break;
+
+		  /* Still have to check that it's not an n-th
+		     alternative that starts with an on_failure_jump.  */
+		  p1++;
+		  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+		  if ((re_opcode_t) p1[mcnt-3] != jump_past_alt)
+		    {
+		      /* Get to the beginning of the n-th alternative.  */
+		      p1 -= 3;
+		      break;
+		    }
+		}
+
+	      /* Deal with the last alternative: go back and get number
+		 of the `jump_past_alt' just before it.  `mcnt' contains
+		 the length of the alternative.  */
+	      EXTRACT_NUMBER (mcnt, p1 - 2);
+
+	      if (!alt_match_null_string_p (p1, p1 + mcnt, reg_info))
+		return false;
+
+	      p1 += mcnt;	/* Get past the n-th alternative.  */
+	    } /* if mcnt > 0 */
+	  break;
+
+
+	case stop_memory:
+	  assert (p1[1] == **p);
+	  *p = p1 + 2;
+	  return true;
+
+
+	default:
+	  if (!common_op_match_null_string_p (&p1, end, reg_info))
+	    return false;
+	}
+    } /* while p1 < end */
+
+  return false;
+} /* group_match_null_string_p */
+
+
+/* Similar to group_match_null_string_p, but doesn't deal with alternatives:
+   It expects P to be the first byte of a single alternative and END one
+   byte past the last. The alternative can contain groups.  */
+
+static boolean
+alt_match_null_string_p (p, end, reg_info)
+    unsigned char *p, *end;
+    register_info_type *reg_info;
+{
+  int mcnt;
+  unsigned char *p1 = p;
+
+  while (p1 < end)
+    {
+      /* Skip over opcodes that can match nothing, and break when we get
+	 to one that can't.  */
+
+      switch ((re_opcode_t) *p1)
+	{
+	/* It's a loop.  */
+	case on_failure_jump:
+	  p1++;
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+	  p1 += mcnt;
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  if (!common_op_match_null_string_p (&p1, end, reg_info))
+	    return false;
+	}
+    }  /* while p1 < end */
+
+  return true;
+} /* alt_match_null_string_p */
+
+
+/* Deals with the ops common to group_match_null_string_p and
+   alt_match_null_string_p.
+
+   Sets P to one after the op and its arguments, if any.  */
+
+static boolean
+common_op_match_null_string_p (p, end, reg_info)
+    unsigned char **p, *end;
+    register_info_type *reg_info;
+{
+  int mcnt;
+  boolean ret;
+  int reg_no;
+  unsigned char *p1 = *p;
+
+  switch ((re_opcode_t) *p1++)
+    {
+    case no_op:
+    case begline:
+    case endline:
+    case begbuf:
+    case endbuf:
+    case wordbeg:
+    case wordend:
+    case wordbound:
+    case notwordbound:
+#ifdef emacs
+    case before_dot:
+    case at_dot:
+    case after_dot:
+#endif
+      break;
+
+    case start_memory:
+      reg_no = *p1;
+      assert (reg_no > 0 && reg_no <= MAX_REGNUM);
+      ret = group_match_null_string_p (&p1, end, reg_info);
+
+      /* Have to set this here in case we're checking a group which
+	 contains a group and a back reference to it.  */
+
+      if (REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[reg_no]) == MATCH_NULL_UNSET_VALUE)
+	REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[reg_no]) = ret;
+
+      if (!ret)
+	return false;
+      break;
+
+    /* If this is an optimized succeed_n for zero times, make the jump.  */
+    case jump:
+      EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+      if (mcnt >= 0)
+	p1 += mcnt;
+      else
+	return false;
+      break;
+
+    case succeed_n:
+      /* Get to the number of times to succeed.  */
+      p1 += 2;
+      EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+
+      if (mcnt == 0)
+	{
+	  p1 -= 4;
+	  EXTRACT_NUMBER_AND_INCR (mcnt, p1);
+	  p1 += mcnt;
+	}
+      else
+	return false;
+      break;
+
+    case duplicate:
+      if (!REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P (reg_info[*p1]))
+	return false;
+      break;
+
+    case set_number_at:
+      p1 += 4;
+
+    default:
+      /* All other opcodes mean we cannot match the empty string.  */
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  *p = p1;
+  return true;
+} /* common_op_match_null_string_p */
+
+
+/* Return zero if TRANSLATE[S1] and TRANSLATE[S2] are identical for LEN
+   bytes; nonzero otherwise.  */
+
+static int
+bcmp_translate(
+     unsigned char *s1,
+     unsigned char *s2,
+     int len,
+     char *translate
+)
+{
+  register unsigned char *p1 = s1, *p2 = s2;
+  while (len)
+    {
+      if (translate[*p1++] != translate[*p2++]) return 1;
+      len--;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Entry points for GNU code.  */
+
+/* re_compile_pattern is the GNU regular expression compiler: it
+   compiles PATTERN (of length SIZE) and puts the result in BUFP.
+   Returns 0 if the pattern was valid, otherwise an error string.
+
+   Assumes the `allocated' (and perhaps `buffer') and `translate' fields
+   are set in BUFP on entry.
+
+   We call regex_compile to do the actual compilation.  */
+
+const char *
+re_compile_pattern (pattern, length, bufp)
+     const char *pattern;
+     int length;
+     struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp;
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+
+  /* GNU code is written to assume at least RE_NREGS registers will be set
+     (and at least one extra will be -1).  */
+  bufp->regs_allocated = REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+
+  /* And GNU code determines whether or not to get register information
+     by passing null for the REGS argument to re_match, etc., not by
+     setting no_sub.  */
+  bufp->no_sub = 0;
+
+  /* Match anchors at newline.  */
+  bufp->newline_anchor = 1;
+
+  ret = regex_compile (pattern, length, re_syntax_options, bufp);
+
+  return re_error_msg[(int) ret];
+}
+
+/* Entry points compatible with 4.2 BSD regex library.  We don't define
+   them if this is an Emacs or POSIX compilation.  */
+
+#if !defined (emacs) && !defined (_POSIX_SOURCE)
+
+/* BSD has one and only one pattern buffer.  */
+static struct re_pattern_buffer re_comp_buf;
+
+char *
+re_comp (s)
+    const char *s;
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+
+  if (!s)
+    {
+      if (!re_comp_buf.buffer)
+	return "No previous regular expression";
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  if (!re_comp_buf.buffer)
+    {
+      re_comp_buf.buffer = (unsigned char *) malloc (200);
+      if (re_comp_buf.buffer == NULL)
+	return "Memory exhausted";
+      re_comp_buf.allocated = 200;
+
+      re_comp_buf.fastmap = (char *) malloc (1 << BYTEWIDTH);
+      if (re_comp_buf.fastmap == NULL)
+	return "Memory exhausted";
+    }
+
+  /* Since `re_exec' always passes NULL for the `regs' argument, we
+     don't need to initialize the pattern buffer fields which affect it.  */
+
+  /* Match anchors at newlines.  */
+  re_comp_buf.newline_anchor = 1;
+
+  ret = regex_compile (s, strlen (s), re_syntax_options, &re_comp_buf);
+
+  /* Yes, we're discarding `const' here.  */
+  return (char *) re_error_msg[(int) ret];
+}
+
+
+int
+re_exec (s)
+    const char *s;
+{
+  const int len = strlen (s);
+  return
+    0 <= re_search (&re_comp_buf, s, len, 0, len, (struct re_registers *) 0);
+}
+#endif /* not emacs and not _POSIX_SOURCE */
+
+/* POSIX.2 functions.  Don't define these for Emacs.  */
+
+#ifndef emacs
+
+/* regcomp takes a regular expression as a string and compiles it.
+
+   PREG is a regex_t *.  We do not expect any fields to be initialized,
+   since POSIX says we shouldn't.  Thus, we set
+
+     `buffer' to the compiled pattern;
+     `used' to the length of the compiled pattern;
+     `syntax' to RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED if the
+       REG_EXTENDED bit in CFLAGS is set; otherwise, to
+       RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC;
+     `newline_anchor' to REG_NEWLINE being set in CFLAGS;
+     `fastmap' and `fastmap_accurate' to zero;
+     `re_nsub' to the number of subexpressions in PATTERN.
+
+   PATTERN is the address of the pattern string.
+
+   CFLAGS is a series of bits which affect compilation.
+
+     If REG_EXTENDED is set, we use POSIX extended syntax; otherwise, we
+     use POSIX basic syntax.
+
+     If REG_NEWLINE is set, then . and [^...] don't match newline.
+     Also, regexec will try a match beginning after every newline.
+
+     If REG_ICASE is set, then we considers upper- and lowercase
+     versions of letters to be equivalent when matching.
+
+     If REG_NOSUB is set, then when PREG is passed to regexec, that
+     routine will report only success or failure, and nothing about the
+     registers.
+
+   It returns 0 if it succeeds, nonzero if it doesn't.  (See regex.h for
+   the return codes and their meanings.)  */
+
+int
+regcomp (preg, pattern, cflags)
+    regex_t *preg;
+    const char *pattern;
+    int cflags;
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  unsigned syntax
+    = (cflags & REG_EXTENDED) ?
+      RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED : RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC;
+
+  /* regex_compile will allocate the space for the compiled pattern.  */
+  preg->buffer = 0;
+  preg->allocated = 0;
+
+  /* Don't bother to use a fastmap when searching.  This simplifies the
+     REG_NEWLINE case: if we used a fastmap, we'd have to put all the
+     characters after newlines into the fastmap.  This way, we just try
+     every character.  */
+  preg->fastmap = 0;
+
+  if (cflags & REG_ICASE)
+    {
+      unsigned i;
+
+      preg->translate = (char *) malloc (CHAR_SET_SIZE);
+      if (preg->translate == NULL)
+	return (int) REG_ESPACE;
+
+      /* Map uppercase characters to corresponding lowercase ones.  */
+      for (i = 0; i < CHAR_SET_SIZE; i++)
+	preg->translate[i] = ISUPPER (i) ? tolower (i) : i;
+    }
+  else
+    preg->translate = NULL;
+
+  /* If REG_NEWLINE is set, newlines are treated differently.  */
+  if (cflags & REG_NEWLINE)
+    { /* REG_NEWLINE implies neither . nor [^...] match newline.  */
+      syntax &= ~RE_DOT_NEWLINE;
+      syntax |= RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE;
+      /* It also changes the matching behavior.  */
+      preg->newline_anchor = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    preg->newline_anchor = 0;
+
+  preg->no_sub = !!(cflags & REG_NOSUB);
+
+  /* POSIX says a null character in the pattern terminates it, so we
+     can use strlen here in compiling the pattern.  */
+  ret = regex_compile (pattern, strlen (pattern), syntax, preg);
+
+  /* POSIX doesn't distinguish between an unmatched open-group and an
+     unmatched close-group: both are REG_EPAREN.  */
+  if (ret == REG_ERPAREN) ret = REG_EPAREN;
+
+  return (int) ret;
+}
+
+
+/* regexec searches for a given pattern, specified by PREG, in the
+   string STRING.
+
+   If NMATCH is zero or REG_NOSUB was set in the cflags argument to
+   `regcomp', we ignore PMATCH.  Otherwise, we assume PMATCH has at
+   least NMATCH elements, and we set them to the offsets of the
+   corresponding matched substrings.
+
+   EFLAGS specifies `execution flags' which affect matching: if
+   REG_NOTBOL is set, then ^ does not match at the beginning of the
+   string; if REG_NOTEOL is set, then $ does not match at the end.
+
+   We return 0 if we find a match and REG_NOMATCH if not.  */
+
+int
+regexec (preg, string, nmatch, pmatch, eflags)
+    const regex_t *preg;
+    const char *string;
+    size_t nmatch;
+    regmatch_t pmatch[];
+    int eflags;
+{
+  int ret;
+  struct re_registers regs;
+  regex_t private_preg;
+  int len = strlen (string);
+  boolean want_reg_info = !preg->no_sub && nmatch > 0;
+
+  private_preg = *preg;
+
+  private_preg.not_bol = !!(eflags & REG_NOTBOL);
+  private_preg.not_eol = !!(eflags & REG_NOTEOL);
+
+  /* The user has told us exactly how many registers to return
+     information about, via `nmatch'.  We have to pass that on to the
+     matching routines.  */
+  private_preg.regs_allocated = REGS_FIXED;
+
+  if (want_reg_info)
+    {
+      regs.num_regs = nmatch;
+      regs.start = TALLOC (nmatch, regoff_t);
+      regs.end = TALLOC (nmatch, regoff_t);
+      if (regs.start == NULL || regs.end == NULL)
+	return (int) REG_NOMATCH;
+    }
+
+  /* Perform the searching operation.  */
+  ret = re_search (&private_preg, string, len,
+		   /* start: */ 0, /* range: */ len,
+		   want_reg_info ? &regs : (struct re_registers *) 0);
+
+  /* Copy the register information to the POSIX structure.  */
+  if (want_reg_info)
+    {
+      if (ret >= 0)
+	{
+	  unsigned r;
+
+	  for (r = 0; r < nmatch; r++)
+	    {
+	      pmatch[r].rm_so = regs.start[r];
+	      pmatch[r].rm_eo = regs.end[r];
+	    }
+	}
+
+      /* If we needed the temporary register info, free the space now.  */
+      free (regs.start);
+      free (regs.end);
+    }
+
+  /* We want zero return to mean success, unlike `re_search'.  */
+  return ret >= 0 ? (int) REG_NOERROR : (int) REG_NOMATCH;
+}
+
+
+/* Returns a message corresponding to an error code, ERRCODE, returned
+   from either regcomp or regexec.   We don't use PREG here.  */
+
+size_t
+regerror(int errcode, const regex_t *preg,
+	 char *errbuf, size_t errbuf_size)
+{
+  const char *msg;
+  size_t msg_size;
+
+  if (errcode < 0
+      || errcode >= (sizeof (re_error_msg) / sizeof (re_error_msg[0])))
+    /* Only error codes returned by the rest of the code should be passed
+       to this routine.  If we are given anything else, or if other regex
+       code generates an invalid error code, then the program has a bug.
+       Dump core so we can fix it.  */
+    abort ();
+
+  msg = re_error_msg[errcode];
+
+  /* POSIX doesn't require that we do anything in this case, but why
+     not be nice.  */
+  if (! msg)
+    msg = "Success";
+
+  msg_size = strlen (msg) + 1; /* Includes the null.  */
+
+  if (errbuf_size != 0)
+    {
+      if (msg_size > errbuf_size)
+	{
+	  strncpy (errbuf, msg, errbuf_size - 1);
+	  errbuf[errbuf_size - 1] = 0;
+	}
+      else
+	strcpy (errbuf, msg);
+    }
+
+  return msg_size;
+}
+
+
+/* Free dynamically allocated space used by PREG.  */
+
+void
+regfree (preg)
+    regex_t *preg;
+{
+  if (preg->buffer != NULL)
+    free (preg->buffer);
+  preg->buffer = NULL;
+
+  preg->allocated = 0;
+  preg->used = 0;
+
+  if (preg->fastmap != NULL)
+    free (preg->fastmap);
+  preg->fastmap = NULL;
+  preg->fastmap_accurate = 0;
+
+  if (preg->translate != NULL)
+    free (preg->translate);
+  preg->translate = NULL;
+}
+
+#endif /* not emacs  */
+
+/*
+Local variables:
+make-backup-files: t
+version-control: t
+trim-versions-without-asking: nil
+End:
+*/
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.h b/compat/regex/regex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eb64f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+/* Definitions for data structures and routines for the regular
+   expression library, version 0.12.
+
+   Copyright (C) 1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+
+#ifndef __REGEXP_LIBRARY_H__
+#define __REGEXP_LIBRARY_H__
+
+/* POSIX says that <sys/types.h> must be included (by the caller) before
+   <regex.h>.  */
+
+#ifdef VMS
+/* VMS doesn't have `size_t' in <sys/types.h>, even though POSIX says it
+   should be there.  */
+#include <stddef.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/* The following bits are used to determine the regexp syntax we
+   recognize.  The set/not-set meanings are chosen so that Emacs syntax
+   remains the value 0.  The bits are given in alphabetical order, and
+   the definitions shifted by one from the previous bit; thus, when we
+   add or remove a bit, only one other definition need change.  */
+typedef unsigned reg_syntax_t;
+
+/* If this bit is not set, then \ inside a bracket expression is literal.
+   If set, then such a \ quotes the following character.  */
+#define RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS (1)
+
+/* If this bit is not set, then + and ? are operators, and \+ and \? are
+     literals.
+   If set, then \+ and \? are operators and + and ? are literals.  */
+#define RE_BK_PLUS_QM (RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then character classes are supported.  They are:
+     [:alpha:], [:upper:], [:lower:],  [:digit:], [:alnum:], [:xdigit:],
+     [:space:], [:print:], [:punct:], [:graph:], and [:cntrl:].
+   If not set, then character classes are not supported.  */
+#define RE_CHAR_CLASSES (RE_BK_PLUS_QM << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then ^ and $ are always anchors (outside bracket
+     expressions, of course).
+   If this bit is not set, then it depends:
+	^  is an anchor if it is at the beginning of a regular
+	   expression or after an open-group or an alternation operator;
+	$  is an anchor if it is at the end of a regular expression, or
+	   before a close-group or an alternation operator.
+
+   This bit could be (re)combined with RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS, because
+   POSIX draft 11.2 says that * etc. in leading positions is undefined.
+   We already implemented a previous draft which made those constructs
+   invalid, though, so we haven't changed the code back.  */
+#define RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS (RE_CHAR_CLASSES << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then special characters are always special
+     regardless of where they are in the pattern.
+   If this bit is not set, then special characters are special only in
+     some contexts; otherwise they are ordinary.  Specifically,
+     * + ? and intervals are only special when not after the beginning,
+     open-group, or alternation operator.  */
+#define RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS (RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then *, +, ?, and { cannot be first in an re or
+     immediately after an alternation or begin-group operator.  */
+#define RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS (RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then . matches newline.
+   If not set, then it doesn't.  */
+#define RE_DOT_NEWLINE (RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then . doesn't match NUL.
+   If not set, then it does.  */
+#define RE_DOT_NOT_NULL (RE_DOT_NEWLINE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, nonmatching lists [^...] do not match newline.
+   If not set, they do.  */
+#define RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE (RE_DOT_NOT_NULL << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, either \{...\} or {...} defines an
+     interval, depending on RE_NO_BK_BRACES.
+   If not set, \{, \}, {, and } are literals.  */
+#define RE_INTERVALS (RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, +, ? and | aren't recognized as operators.
+   If not set, they are.  */
+#define RE_LIMITED_OPS (RE_INTERVALS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, newline is an alternation operator.
+   If not set, newline is literal.  */
+#define RE_NEWLINE_ALT (RE_LIMITED_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then `{...}' defines an interval, and \{ and \}
+     are literals.
+  If not set, then `\{...\}' defines an interval.  */
+#define RE_NO_BK_BRACES (RE_NEWLINE_ALT << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, (...) defines a group, and \( and \) are literals.
+   If not set, \(...\) defines a group, and ( and ) are literals.  */
+#define RE_NO_BK_PARENS (RE_NO_BK_BRACES << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then \<digit> matches <digit>.
+   If not set, then \<digit> is a back-reference.  */
+#define RE_NO_BK_REFS (RE_NO_BK_PARENS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then | is an alternation operator, and \| is literal.
+   If not set, then \| is an alternation operator, and | is literal.  */
+#define RE_NO_BK_VBAR (RE_NO_BK_REFS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then an ending range point collating higher
+     than the starting range point, as in [z-a], is invalid.
+   If not set, then when ending range point collates higher than the
+     starting range point, the range is ignored.  */
+#define RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES (RE_NO_BK_VBAR << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then an unmatched ) is ordinary.
+   If not set, then an unmatched ) is invalid.  */
+#define RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD (RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES << 1)
+
+/* This global variable defines the particular regexp syntax to use (for
+   some interfaces).  When a regexp is compiled, the syntax used is
+   stored in the pattern buffer, so changing this does not affect
+   already-compiled regexps.  */
+extern reg_syntax_t re_syntax_options;
+
+/* Define combinations of the above bits for the standard possibilities.
+   (The [[[ comments delimit what gets put into the Texinfo file, so
+   don't delete them!)  */
+/* [[[begin syntaxes]]] */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_EMACS 0
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_AWK							\
+  (RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS | RE_DOT_NOT_NULL			\
+   | RE_NO_BK_PARENS            | RE_NO_BK_REFS				\
+   | RE_NO_BK_VBAR               | RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES			\
+   | RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_AWK 						\
+  (RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED | RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_GREP							\
+  (RE_BK_PLUS_QM              | RE_CHAR_CLASSES				\
+   | RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE | RE_INTERVALS				\
+   | RE_NEWLINE_ALT)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_EGREP							\
+  (RE_CHAR_CLASSES        | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS			\
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS | RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE			\
+   | RE_NEWLINE_ALT       | RE_NO_BK_PARENS				\
+   | RE_NO_BK_VBAR)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EGREP						\
+  (RE_SYNTAX_EGREP | RE_INTERVALS | RE_NO_BK_BRACES)
+
+/* P1003.2/D11.2, section 4.20.7.1, lines 5078ff.  */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_ED RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_SED RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC
+
+/* Syntax bits common to both basic and extended POSIX regex syntax.  */
+#define _RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON						\
+  (RE_CHAR_CLASSES | RE_DOT_NEWLINE      | RE_DOT_NOT_NULL		\
+   | RE_INTERVALS  | RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC						\
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON | RE_BK_PLUS_QM)
+
+/* Differs from ..._POSIX_BASIC only in that RE_BK_PLUS_QM becomes
+   RE_LIMITED_OPS, i.e., \? \+ \| are not recognized.  Actually, this
+   isn't minimal, since other operators, such as \`, aren't disabled.  */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_MINIMAL_BASIC					\
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON | RE_LIMITED_OPS)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED					\
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS			\
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS  | RE_NO_BK_BRACES				\
+   | RE_NO_BK_PARENS       | RE_NO_BK_VBAR				\
+   | RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+
+/* Differs from ..._POSIX_EXTENDED in that RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS
+   replaces RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS and RE_NO_BK_REFS is added.  */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_MINIMAL_EXTENDED				\
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON  | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS			\
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS | RE_NO_BK_BRACES				\
+   | RE_NO_BK_PARENS        | RE_NO_BK_REFS				\
+   | RE_NO_BK_VBAR	    | RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+/* [[[end syntaxes]]] */
+
+/* Maximum number of duplicates an interval can allow.  Some systems
+   (erroneously) define this in other header files, but we want our
+   value, so remove any previous define.  */
+#ifdef RE_DUP_MAX
+#undef RE_DUP_MAX
+#endif
+#define RE_DUP_MAX ((1 << 15) - 1)
+
+
+/* POSIX `cflags' bits (i.e., information for `regcomp').  */
+
+/* If this bit is set, then use extended regular expression syntax.
+   If not set, then use basic regular expression syntax.  */
+#define REG_EXTENDED 1
+
+/* If this bit is set, then ignore case when matching.
+   If not set, then case is significant.  */
+#define REG_ICASE (REG_EXTENDED << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then anchors do not match at newline
+     characters in the string.
+   If not set, then anchors do match at newlines.  */
+#define REG_NEWLINE (REG_ICASE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then report only success or fail in regexec.
+   If not set, then returns differ between not matching and errors.  */
+#define REG_NOSUB (REG_NEWLINE << 1)
+
+
+/* POSIX `eflags' bits (i.e., information for regexec).  */
+
+/* If this bit is set, then the beginning-of-line operator doesn't match
+     the beginning of the string (presumably because it's not the
+     beginning of a line).
+   If not set, then the beginning-of-line operator does match the
+     beginning of the string.  */
+#define REG_NOTBOL 1
+
+/* Like REG_NOTBOL, except for the end-of-line.  */
+#define REG_NOTEOL (1 << 1)
+
+
+/* If any error codes are removed, changed, or added, update the
+   `re_error_msg' table in regex.c.  */
+typedef enum
+{
+  REG_NOERROR = 0,	/* Success.  */
+  REG_NOMATCH,		/* Didn't find a match (for regexec).  */
+
+  /* POSIX regcomp return error codes.  (In the order listed in the
+     standard.)  */
+  REG_BADPAT,		/* Invalid pattern.  */
+  REG_ECOLLATE,		/* Not implemented.  */
+  REG_ECTYPE,		/* Invalid character class name.  */
+  REG_EESCAPE,		/* Trailing backslash.  */
+  REG_ESUBREG,		/* Invalid back reference.  */
+  REG_EBRACK,		/* Unmatched left bracket.  */
+  REG_EPAREN,		/* Parenthesis imbalance.  */
+  REG_EBRACE,		/* Unmatched \{.  */
+  REG_BADBR,		/* Invalid contents of \{\}.  */
+  REG_ERANGE,		/* Invalid range end.  */
+  REG_ESPACE,		/* Ran out of memory.  */
+  REG_BADRPT,		/* No preceding re for repetition op.  */
+
+  /* Error codes we've added.  */
+  REG_EEND,		/* Premature end.  */
+  REG_ESIZE,		/* Compiled pattern bigger than 2^16 bytes.  */
+  REG_ERPAREN		/* Unmatched ) or \); not returned from regcomp.  */
+} reg_errcode_t;
+
+/* This data structure represents a compiled pattern.  Before calling
+   the pattern compiler, the fields `buffer', `allocated', `fastmap',
+   `translate', and `no_sub' can be set.  After the pattern has been
+   compiled, the `re_nsub' field is available.  All other fields are
+   private to the regex routines.  */
+
+struct re_pattern_buffer
+{
+/* [[[begin pattern_buffer]]] */
+	/* Space that holds the compiled pattern.  It is declared as
+	  `unsigned char *' because its elements are
+	   sometimes used as array indexes.  */
+  unsigned char *buffer;
+
+	/* Number of bytes to which `buffer' points.  */
+  unsigned long allocated;
+
+	/* Number of bytes actually used in `buffer'.  */
+  unsigned long used;
+
+	/* Syntax setting with which the pattern was compiled.  */
+  reg_syntax_t syntax;
+
+	/* Pointer to a fastmap, if any, otherwise zero.  re_search uses
+	   the fastmap, if there is one, to skip over impossible
+	   starting points for matches.  */
+  char *fastmap;
+
+	/* Either a translate table to apply to all characters before
+	   comparing them, or zero for no translation.  The translation
+	   is applied to a pattern when it is compiled and to a string
+	   when it is matched.  */
+  char *translate;
+
+	/* Number of subexpressions found by the compiler.  */
+  size_t re_nsub;
+
+	/* Zero if this pattern cannot match the empty string, one else.
+	   Well, in truth it's used only in `re_search_2', to see
+	   whether or not we should use the fastmap, so we don't set
+	   this absolutely perfectly; see `re_compile_fastmap' (the
+	   `duplicate' case).  */
+  unsigned can_be_null : 1;
+
+	/* If REGS_UNALLOCATED, allocate space in the `regs' structure
+	     for `max (RE_NREGS, re_nsub + 1)' groups.
+	   If REGS_REALLOCATE, reallocate space if necessary.
+	   If REGS_FIXED, use what's there.  */
+#define REGS_UNALLOCATED 0
+#define REGS_REALLOCATE 1
+#define REGS_FIXED 2
+  unsigned regs_allocated : 2;
+
+	/* Set to zero when `regex_compile' compiles a pattern; set to one
+	   by `re_compile_fastmap' if it updates the fastmap.  */
+  unsigned fastmap_accurate : 1;
+
+	/* If set, `re_match_2' does not return information about
+	   subexpressions.  */
+  unsigned no_sub : 1;
+
+	/* If set, a beginning-of-line anchor doesn't match at the
+	   beginning of the string.  */
+  unsigned not_bol : 1;
+
+	/* Similarly for an end-of-line anchor.  */
+  unsigned not_eol : 1;
+
+	/* If true, an anchor at a newline matches.  */
+  unsigned newline_anchor : 1;
+
+/* [[[end pattern_buffer]]] */
+};
+
+typedef struct re_pattern_buffer regex_t;
+
+
+/* search.c (search_buffer) in Emacs needs this one opcode value.  It is
+   defined both in `regex.c' and here.  */
+#define RE_EXACTN_VALUE 1
+
+/* Type for byte offsets within the string.  POSIX mandates this.  */
+typedef int regoff_t;
+
+
+/* This is the structure we store register match data in.  See
+   regex.texinfo for a full description of what registers match.  */
+struct re_registers
+{
+  unsigned num_regs;
+  regoff_t *start;
+  regoff_t *end;
+};
+
+
+/* If `regs_allocated' is REGS_UNALLOCATED in the pattern buffer,
+   `re_match_2' returns information about at least this many registers
+   the first time a `regs' structure is passed.  */
+#ifndef RE_NREGS
+#define RE_NREGS 30
+#endif
+
+
+/* POSIX specification for registers.  Aside from the different names than
+   `re_registers', POSIX uses an array of structures, instead of a
+   structure of arrays.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  regoff_t rm_so;  /* Byte offset from string's start to substring's start.  */
+  regoff_t rm_eo;  /* Byte offset from string's start to substring's end.  */
+} regmatch_t;
+
+/* Declarations for routines.  */
+
+/* To avoid duplicating every routine declaration -- once with a
+   prototype (if we are ANSI), and once without (if we aren't) -- we
+   use the following macro to declare argument types.  This
+   unfortunately clutters up the declarations a bit, but I think it's
+   worth it.  */
+
+#if __STDC__
+
+#define _RE_ARGS(args) args
+
+#else /* not __STDC__ */
+
+#define _RE_ARGS(args) ()
+
+#endif /* not __STDC__ */
+
+/* Sets the current default syntax to SYNTAX, and return the old syntax.
+   You can also simply assign to the `re_syntax_options' variable.  */
+extern reg_syntax_t re_set_syntax _RE_ARGS ((reg_syntax_t syntax));
+
+/* Compile the regular expression PATTERN, with length LENGTH
+   and syntax given by the global `re_syntax_options', into the buffer
+   BUFFER.  Return NULL if successful, and an error string if not.  */
+extern const char *re_compile_pattern
+  _RE_ARGS ((const char *pattern, int length,
+	     struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer));
+
+
+/* Compile a fastmap for the compiled pattern in BUFFER; used to
+   accelerate searches.  Return 0 if successful and -2 if was an
+   internal error.  */
+extern int re_compile_fastmap _RE_ARGS ((struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer));
+
+
+/* Search in the string STRING (with length LENGTH) for the pattern
+   compiled into BUFFER.  Start searching at position START, for RANGE
+   characters.  Return the starting position of the match, -1 for no
+   match, or -2 for an internal error.  Also return register
+   information in REGS (if REGS and BUFFER->no_sub are nonzero).  */
+extern int re_search
+  _RE_ARGS ((struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer, const char *string,
+	    int length, int start, int range, struct re_registers *regs));
+
+
+/* Like `re_search', but search in the concatenation of STRING1 and
+   STRING2.  Also, stop searching at index START + STOP.  */
+extern int re_search_2
+  _RE_ARGS ((struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer, const char *string1,
+	     int length1, const char *string2, int length2,
+	     int start, int range, struct re_registers *regs, int stop));
+
+
+/* Like `re_search', but return how many characters in STRING the regexp
+   in BUFFER matched, starting at position START.  */
+extern int re_match
+  _RE_ARGS ((struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer, const char *string,
+	     int length, int start, struct re_registers *regs));
+
+
+/* Relates to `re_match' as `re_search_2' relates to `re_search'.  */
+extern int re_match_2
+  _RE_ARGS ((struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer, const char *string1,
+	     int length1, const char *string2, int length2,
+	     int start, struct re_registers *regs, int stop));
+
+
+/* Set REGS to hold NUM_REGS registers, storing them in STARTS and
+   ENDS.  Subsequent matches using BUFFER and REGS will use this memory
+   for recording register information.  STARTS and ENDS must be
+   allocated with malloc, and must each be at least `NUM_REGS * sizeof
+   (regoff_t)' bytes long.
+
+   If NUM_REGS == 0, then subsequent matches should allocate their own
+   register data.
+
+   Unless this function is called, the first search or match using
+   PATTERN_BUFFER will allocate its own register data, without
+   freeing the old data.  */
+extern void re_set_registers
+  _RE_ARGS ((struct re_pattern_buffer *buffer, struct re_registers *regs,
+	     unsigned num_regs, regoff_t *starts, regoff_t *ends));
+
+/* 4.2 bsd compatibility.  */
+extern char *re_comp _RE_ARGS ((const char *));
+extern int re_exec _RE_ARGS ((const char *));
+
+/* POSIX compatibility.  */
+extern int regcomp _RE_ARGS ((regex_t *preg, const char *pattern, int cflags));
+extern int regexec
+  _RE_ARGS ((const regex_t *preg, const char *string, size_t nmatch,
+	     regmatch_t pmatch[], int eflags));
+extern size_t regerror
+  _RE_ARGS ((int errcode, const regex_t *preg, char *errbuf,
+	     size_t errbuf_size));
+extern void regfree _RE_ARGS ((regex_t *preg));
+
+#endif /* not __REGEXP_LIBRARY_H__ */
+
+/*
+Local variables:
+make-backup-files: t
+version-control: t
+trim-versions-without-asking: nil
+End:
+*/
diff --git a/compat/setenv.c b/compat/setenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a22ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/setenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+int gitsetenv(const char *name, const char *value, int replace)
+{
+	int out;
+	size_t namelen, valuelen;
+	char *envstr;
+
+	if (!name || !value) return -1;
+	if (!replace) {
+		char *oldval = NULL;
+		oldval = getenv(name);
+		if (oldval) return 0;
+	}
+
+	namelen = strlen(name);
+	valuelen = strlen(value);
+	envstr = malloc((namelen + valuelen + 2));
+	if (!envstr) return -1;
+
+	memcpy(envstr, name, namelen);
+	envstr[namelen] = '=';
+	memcpy(envstr + namelen + 1, value, valuelen);
+	envstr[namelen + valuelen + 1] = 0;
+
+	out = putenv(envstr);
+	/* putenv(3) makes the argument string part of the environment,
+	 * and changing that string modifies the environment --- which
+	 * means we do not own that storage anymore.  Do not free
+	 * envstr.
+	 */
+
+	return out;
+}
diff --git a/compat/snprintf.c b/compat/snprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1e0e75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/snprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+/*
+ * The size parameter specifies the available space, i.e. includes
+ * the trailing NUL byte; but Windows's vsnprintf uses the entire
+ * buffer and avoids the trailing NUL, should the buffer be exactly
+ * big enough for the result. Defining SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR to 1 will
+ * therefore remove 1 byte from the reported buffer size, so we
+ * always have room for a trailing NUL byte.
+ */
+#ifndef SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR
+#if defined(WIN32) && (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 4)
+#define SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR 1
+#else
+#define SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#undef vsnprintf
+int git_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize, const char *format, va_list ap)
+{
+	char *s;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	if (maxsize > 0) {
+		ret = vsnprintf(str, maxsize-SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR, format, ap);
+		if (ret == maxsize-1)
+			ret = -1;
+		/* Windows does not NUL-terminate if result fills buffer */
+		str[maxsize-1] = 0;
+	}
+	if (ret != -1)
+		return ret;
+
+	s = NULL;
+	if (maxsize < 128)
+		maxsize = 128;
+
+	while (ret == -1) {
+		maxsize *= 4;
+		str = realloc(s, maxsize);
+		if (! str)
+			break;
+		s = str;
+		ret = vsnprintf(str, maxsize-SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR, format, ap);
+		if (ret == maxsize-1)
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+	free(s);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int git_snprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int ret;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	ret = git_vsnprintf(str, maxsize, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
diff --git a/compat/strcasestr.c b/compat/strcasestr.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26896de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/strcasestr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+char *gitstrcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle)
+{
+	int nlen = strlen(needle);
+	int hlen = strlen(haystack) - nlen + 1;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < hlen; i++) {
+		int j;
+		for (j = 0; j < nlen; j++) {
+			unsigned char c1 = haystack[i+j];
+			unsigned char c2 = needle[j];
+			if (toupper(c1) != toupper(c2))
+				goto next;
+		}
+		return (char *) haystack + i;
+	next:
+		;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/compat/strlcpy.c b/compat/strlcpy.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4024c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/strlcpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+size_t gitstrlcpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t size)
+{
+	size_t ret = strlen(src);
+
+	if (size) {
+		size_t len = (ret >= size) ? size - 1 : ret;
+		memcpy(dest, src, len);
+		dest[len] = '\0';
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/compat/strtoumax.c b/compat/strtoumax.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5541353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/strtoumax.c
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+uintmax_t gitstrtoumax (const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base)
+{
+#if defined(NO_STRTOULL)
+	return strtoul(nptr, endptr, base);
+#else
+	return strtoull(nptr, endptr, base);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/compat/unsetenv.c b/compat/unsetenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb29f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/unsetenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+void gitunsetenv (const char *name)
+{
+     extern char **environ;
+     int src, dst;
+     size_t nmln;
+
+     nmln = strlen(name);
+
+     for (src = dst = 0; environ[src]; ++src) {
+	  size_t enln;
+	  enln = strlen(environ[src]);
+	  if (enln > nmln) {
+               /* might match, and can test for '=' safely */
+	       if (0 == strncmp (environ[src], name, nmln)
+		   && '=' == environ[src][nmln])
+		    /* matches, so skip */
+		    continue;
+	  }
+	  environ[dst] = environ[src];
+	  ++dst;
+     }
+     environ[dst] = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/README b/compat/vcbuild/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df8a657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/README
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+The Steps of Build Git with VS2008
+
+1. You need the build environment, which contains the Git dependencies
+   to be able to compile, link and run Git with MSVC.
+
+   You can either use the binary repository:
+
+       WWW: http://repo.or.cz/w/msvcgit.git
+       Git: git clone git://repo.or.cz/msvcgit.git
+       Zip: http://repo.or.cz/w/msvcgit.git?a=snapshot;h=master;sf=zip
+
+   and call the setup_32bit_env.cmd batch script before compiling Git,
+   (see repo/package README for details), or the source repository:
+
+       WWW: http://repo.or.cz/w/gitbuild.git
+       Git: git clone git://repo.or.cz/gitbuild.git
+       Zip: (None, as it's a project with submodules)
+
+   and build the support libs as instructed in that repo/package.
+
+2. Ensure you have the msysgit environment in your path, so you have
+   GNU Make, bash and perl available.
+
+       WWW: http://repo.or.cz/w/msysgit.git
+       Git: git clone git://repo.or.cz/msysgit.git
+       Zip: http://repo.or.cz/w/msysgit.git?a=snapshot;h=master;sf=zip
+
+   This environment is also needed when you use the resulting
+   executables, since Git might need to run scripts which are part of
+   the git operations.
+
+3. Inside Git's directory run the command:
+       make common-cmds.h
+   to generate the common-cmds.h file needed to compile git.
+
+4. Then either build Git with the GNU Make Makefile in the Git projects
+   root
+       make MSVC=1
+   or generate Visual Studio solution/projects (.sln/.vcproj) with the
+   command
+       perl contrib/buildsystems/generate -g Vcproj
+   and open and build the solution with the IDE
+       devenv git.sln /useenv
+   or build with the IDE build engine directly from the command line
+       devenv git.sln /useenv /build "Release|Win32"
+   The /useenv option is required, so Visual Studio picks up the
+   environment variables for the support libraries required to build
+   Git, which you set up in step 1.
+
+Done!
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0d7985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include <malloc.h>
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/arpa/inet.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/arpa/inet.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/arpa/inet.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/dirent.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/dirent.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..440618d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/dirent.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * DIRENT.H (formerly DIRLIB.H)
+ * This file has no copyright assigned and is placed in the Public Domain.
+ * This file is a part of the mingw-runtime package.
+ *
+ * The mingw-runtime package and its code is distributed in the hope that it
+ * will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR
+ * IMPLIED ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.  This includes but is not limited to
+ * warranties of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ *
+ * You are free to use this package and its code without limitation.
+ */
+#ifndef _DIRENT_H_
+#define _DIRENT_H_
+#include <io.h>
+
+#define PATH_MAX 512
+
+#define __MINGW_NOTHROW
+
+#ifndef RC_INVOKED
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct dirent
+{
+	long		d_ino;		/* Always zero. */
+	unsigned short	d_reclen;	/* Always zero. */
+	unsigned short	d_namlen;	/* Length of name in d_name. */
+	char		d_name[FILENAME_MAX]; /* File name. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This is an internal data structure. Good programmers will not use it
+ * except as an argument to one of the functions below.
+ * dd_stat field is now int (was short in older versions).
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+	/* disk transfer area for this dir */
+	struct _finddata_t	dd_dta;
+
+	/* dirent struct to return from dir (NOTE: this makes this thread
+	 * safe as long as only one thread uses a particular DIR struct at
+	 * a time) */
+	struct dirent		dd_dir;
+
+	/* _findnext handle */
+	long			dd_handle;
+
+	/*
+	 * Status of search:
+	 *   0 = not started yet (next entry to read is first entry)
+	 *  -1 = off the end
+	 *   positive = 0 based index of next entry
+	 */
+	int			dd_stat;
+
+	/* given path for dir with search pattern (struct is extended) */
+	char			dd_name[PATH_MAX+3];
+} DIR;
+
+DIR* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW opendir (const char*);
+struct dirent* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW readdir (DIR*);
+int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW closedir (DIR*);
+void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW rewinddir (DIR*);
+long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW telldir (DIR*);
+void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW seekdir (DIR*, long);
+
+
+/* wide char versions */
+
+struct _wdirent
+{
+	long		d_ino;		/* Always zero. */
+	unsigned short	d_reclen;	/* Always zero. */
+	unsigned short	d_namlen;	/* Length of name in d_name. */
+	wchar_t		d_name[FILENAME_MAX]; /* File name. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This is an internal data structure. Good programmers will not use it
+ * except as an argument to one of the functions below.
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+	/* disk transfer area for this dir */
+	//struct _wfinddata_t	dd_dta;
+
+	/* dirent struct to return from dir (NOTE: this makes this thread
+	 * safe as long as only one thread uses a particular DIR struct at
+	 * a time) */
+	struct _wdirent		dd_dir;
+
+	/* _findnext handle */
+	long			dd_handle;
+
+	/*
+	 * Status of search:
+	 *   0 = not started yet (next entry to read is first entry)
+	 *  -1 = off the end
+	 *   positive = 0 based index of next entry
+	 */
+	int			dd_stat;
+
+	/* given path for dir with search pattern (struct is extended) */
+	wchar_t			dd_name[1];
+} _WDIR;
+
+
+
+_WDIR* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wopendir (const wchar_t*);
+struct _wdirent*  __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wreaddir (_WDIR*);
+int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wclosedir (_WDIR*);
+void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wrewinddir (_WDIR*);
+long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wtelldir (_WDIR*);
+void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wseekdir (_WDIR*, long);
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* Not RC_INVOKED */
+
+#endif	/* Not _DIRENT_H_ */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/grp.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/grp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/grp.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/inttypes.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/inttypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/inttypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/netdb.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/netdb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/netdb.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/netinet/in.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/netinet/in.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/netinet/in.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/netinet/tcp.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/netinet/tcp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/netinet/tcp.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/pwd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/pwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/pwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/ioctl.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/ioctl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/ioctl.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/param.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/param.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/param.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/select.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/select.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/select.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/socket.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/socket.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/socket.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/time.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/time.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/time.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/utime.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/utime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..582589c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/utime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef	_UTIME_H_
+#define	_UTIME_H_
+/*
+ * UTIME.H
+ * This file has no copyright assigned and is placed in the Public Domain.
+ * This file is a part of the mingw-runtime package.
+ *
+ * The mingw-runtime package and its code is distributed in the hope that it
+ * will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR
+ * IMPLIED ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.  This includes but is not limited to
+ * warranties of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ *
+ * You are free to use this package and its code without limitation.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Structure used by _utime function.
+ */
+struct _utimbuf
+{
+	time_t	actime;		/* Access time */
+	time_t	modtime;	/* Modification time */
+};
+
+#ifndef	_NO_OLDNAMES
+/* NOTE: Must be the same as _utimbuf above. */
+struct utimbuf
+{
+	time_t	actime;
+	time_t	modtime;
+};
+#endif	/* Not _NO_OLDNAMES */
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/wait.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/wait.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/wait.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a4f276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#ifndef _UNISTD_
+#define _UNISTD_
+
+/* Win32 define for porting git*/
+
+#ifndef _MODE_T_
+#define	_MODE_T_
+typedef unsigned short _mode_t;
+
+#ifndef	_NO_OLDNAMES
+typedef _mode_t	mode_t;
+#endif
+#endif	/* Not _MODE_T_ */
+
+#ifndef _SSIZE_T_
+#define _SSIZE_T_
+typedef long _ssize_t;
+
+#ifndef	_OFF_T_
+#define	_OFF_T_
+typedef long _off_t;
+
+#ifndef	_NO_OLDNAMES
+typedef _off_t	off_t;
+#endif
+#endif	/* Not _OFF_T_ */
+
+
+#ifndef	_NO_OLDNAMES
+typedef _ssize_t ssize_t;
+#endif
+#endif /* Not _SSIZE_T_ */
+
+typedef signed char int8_t;
+typedef unsigned char   uint8_t;
+typedef short  int16_t;
+typedef unsigned short  uint16_t;
+typedef int  int32_t;
+typedef unsigned   uint32_t;
+typedef long long  int64_t;
+typedef unsigned long long   uint64_t;
+
+typedef long long  intmax_t;
+typedef unsigned long long uintmax_t;
+
+typedef int64_t off64_t;
+
+#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
+#define STDERR_FILENO 2
+
+/* Some defines for _access nAccessMode (MS doesn't define them, but
+ * it doesn't seem to hurt to add them). */
+#define	F_OK	0	/* Check for file existence */
+/* Well maybe it does hurt.  On newer versions of MSVCRT, an access mode
+   of 1 causes invalid parameter error. */
+#define	X_OK	0	/* MS access() doesn't check for execute permission. */
+#define	W_OK	2	/* Check for write permission */
+#define	R_OK	4	/* Check for read permission */
+
+#define	_S_IFIFO	0x1000	/* FIFO */
+#define	_S_IFCHR	0x2000	/* Character */
+#define	_S_IFBLK	0x3000	/* Block: Is this ever set under w32? */
+#define	_S_IFDIR	0x4000	/* Directory */
+#define	_S_IFREG	0x8000	/* Regular */
+
+#define	_S_IFMT		0xF000	/* File type mask */
+
+#define	_S_IXUSR	_S_IEXEC
+#define	_S_IWUSR	_S_IWRITE
+#define	_S_IRUSR	_S_IREAD
+#define	_S_ISDIR(m)	(((m) & _S_IFMT) == _S_IFDIR)
+
+#define	S_IFIFO		_S_IFIFO
+#define	S_IFCHR		_S_IFCHR
+#define	S_IFBLK		_S_IFBLK
+#define	S_IFDIR		_S_IFDIR
+#define	S_IFREG		_S_IFREG
+#define	S_IFMT		_S_IFMT
+#define	S_IEXEC		_S_IEXEC
+#define	S_IWRITE	_S_IWRITE
+#define	S_IREAD		_S_IREAD
+#define	S_IRWXU		_S_IRWXU
+#define	S_IXUSR		_S_IXUSR
+#define	S_IWUSR		_S_IWUSR
+#define	S_IRUSR		_S_IRUSR
+
+
+#define	S_ISDIR(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+#define	S_ISREG(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+#define	S_ISFIFO(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/utime.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/utime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8285f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/utime.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include <sys/utime.h>
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4374771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+######################################################################
+# Compiles or links files
+#
+# This is a wrapper to facilitate the compilation of Git with MSVC
+# using GNU Make as the build system. So, instead of manipulating the
+# Makefile into something nasty, just to support non-space arguments
+# etc, we use this wrapper to fix the command line options
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Marius Storm-Olsen <mstormo@gmail.com>
+######################################################################
+use strict;
+my @args = ();
+my @cflags = ();
+my $is_linking = 0;
+while (@ARGV) {
+	my $arg = shift @ARGV;
+	if ("$arg" =~ /^-[DIMGO]/) {
+		push(@cflags, $arg);
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-o") {
+		my $file_out = shift @ARGV;
+		if ("$file_out" =~ /exe$/) {
+			$is_linking = 1;
+			push(@args, "-OUT:$file_out");
+		} else {
+			push(@args, "-Fo$file_out");
+		}
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lz") {
+		push(@args, "zlib.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-liconv") {
+		push(@args, "iconv.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lcrypto") {
+		push(@args, "libeay32.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lssl") {
+		push(@args, "ssleay32.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /^-L/ && "$arg" ne "-LTCG") {
+		$arg =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:/;
+		push(@args, $arg);
+	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /^-R/) {
+		# eat
+	} else {
+		push(@args, $arg);
+	}
+}
+if ($is_linking) {
+	unshift(@args, "link.exe");
+} else {
+	unshift(@args, "cl.exe");
+	push(@args, @cflags);
+}
+#printf("**** @args\n");
+exit (system(@args) != 0);
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8054e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+######################################################################
+# Libifies files on Windows
+#
+# This is a wrapper to facilitate the compilation of Git with MSVC
+# using GNU Make as the build system. So, instead of manipulating the
+# Makefile into something nasty, just to support non-space arguments
+# etc, we use this wrapper to fix the command line options
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Marius Storm-Olsen <mstormo@gmail.com>
+######################################################################
+use strict;
+my @args = ();
+while (@ARGV) {
+	my $arg = shift @ARGV;
+	if ("$arg" eq "rcs") {
+		# Consume the rcs option
+	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /\.a$/) {
+		push(@args, "-OUT:$arg");
+	} else {
+		push(@args, $arg);
+	}
+}
+unshift(@args, "lib.exe");
+# printf("**** @args\n");
+exit (system(@args) != 0);
diff --git a/compat/win32.h b/compat/win32.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce9104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef WIN32_H
+#define WIN32_H
+
+/* common Win32 functions for MinGW and Cygwin */
+#ifndef WIN32         /* Not defined by Cygwin */
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+static inline int file_attr_to_st_mode (DWORD attr)
+{
+	int fMode = S_IREAD;
+	if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+		fMode |= S_IFDIR;
+	else
+		fMode |= S_IFREG;
+	if (!(attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
+		fMode |= S_IWRITE;
+	return fMode;
+}
+
+static inline int get_file_attr(const char *fname, WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA *fdata)
+{
+	if (GetFileAttributesExA(fname, GetFileExInfoStandard, fdata))
+		return 0;
+
+	switch (GetLastError()) {
+	case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+	case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
+	case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
+	case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+		return EACCES;
+	case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
+		return ENAMETOOLONG;
+	case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+		return ENOMEM;
+	default:
+		return ENOENT;
+	}
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.c b/compat/win32/pthread.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fc1670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.c
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Andrzej K. Haczewski <ahaczewski@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * DISCLAMER: The implementation is Git-specific, it is subset of original
+ * Pthreads API, without lots of other features that Git doesn't use.
+ * Git also makes sure that the passed arguments are valid, so there's
+ * no need for double-checking.
+ */
+
+#include "../../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "pthread.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+static unsigned __stdcall win32_start_routine(void *arg)
+{
+	pthread_t *thread = arg;
+	thread->arg = thread->start_routine(thread->arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const void *unused,
+		   void *(*start_routine)(void*), void *arg)
+{
+	thread->arg = arg;
+	thread->start_routine = start_routine;
+	thread->handle = (HANDLE)
+		_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, win32_start_routine, thread, 0, NULL);
+
+	if (!thread->handle)
+		return errno;
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+int win32_pthread_join(pthread_t *thread, void **value_ptr)
+{
+	DWORD result = WaitForSingleObject(thread->handle, INFINITE);
+	switch (result) {
+		case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+			if (value_ptr)
+				*value_ptr = thread->arg;
+			return 0;
+		case WAIT_ABANDONED:
+			return EINVAL;
+		default:
+			return err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+	}
+}
+
+int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const void *unused)
+{
+	cond->waiters = 0;
+	cond->was_broadcast = 0;
+	InitializeCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+
+	cond->sema = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, LONG_MAX, NULL);
+	if (!cond->sema)
+		die("CreateSemaphore() failed");
+
+	cond->continue_broadcast = CreateEvent(NULL,	/* security */
+				FALSE,			/* auto-reset */
+				FALSE,			/* not signaled */
+				NULL);			/* name */
+	if (!cond->continue_broadcast)
+		die("CreateEvent() failed");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond)
+{
+	CloseHandle(cond->sema);
+	CloseHandle(cond->continue_broadcast);
+	DeleteCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, CRITICAL_SECTION *mutex)
+{
+	int last_waiter;
+
+	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+	cond->waiters++;
+	LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Unlock external mutex and wait for signal.
+	 * NOTE: we've held mutex locked long enough to increment
+	 * waiters count above, so there's no problem with
+	 * leaving mutex unlocked before we wait on semaphore.
+	 */
+	LeaveCriticalSection(mutex);
+
+	/* let's wait - ignore return value */
+	WaitForSingleObject(cond->sema, INFINITE);
+
+	/*
+	 * Decrease waiters count. If we are the last waiter, then we must
+	 * notify the broadcasting thread that it can continue.
+	 * But if we continued due to cond_signal, we do not have to do that
+	 * because the signaling thread knows that only one waiter continued.
+	 */
+	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+	cond->waiters--;
+	last_waiter = cond->was_broadcast && cond->waiters == 0;
+	LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+
+	if (last_waiter) {
+		/*
+		 * cond_broadcast was issued while mutex was held. This means
+		 * that all other waiters have continued, but are contending
+		 * for the mutex at the end of this function because the
+		 * broadcasting thread did not leave cond_broadcast, yet.
+		 * (This is so that it can be sure that each waiter has
+		 * consumed exactly one slice of the semaphor.)
+		 * The last waiter must tell the broadcasting thread that it
+		 * can go on.
+		 */
+		SetEvent(cond->continue_broadcast);
+		/*
+		 * Now we go on to contend with all other waiters for
+		 * the mutex. Auf in den Kampf!
+		 */
+	}
+	/* lock external mutex again */
+	EnterCriticalSection(mutex);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IMPORTANT: This implementation requires that pthread_cond_signal
+ * is called while the mutex is held that is used in the corresponding
+ * pthread_cond_wait calls!
+ */
+int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond)
+{
+	int have_waiters;
+
+	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+	have_waiters = cond->waiters > 0;
+	LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Signal only when there are waiters
+	 */
+	if (have_waiters)
+		return ReleaseSemaphore(cond->sema, 1, NULL) ?
+			0 : err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * DOUBLY IMPORTANT: This implementation requires that pthread_cond_broadcast
+ * is called while the mutex is held that is used in the corresponding
+ * pthread_cond_wait calls!
+ */
+int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond)
+{
+	EnterCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+
+	if ((cond->was_broadcast = cond->waiters > 0)) {
+		/* wake up all waiters */
+		ReleaseSemaphore(cond->sema, cond->waiters, NULL);
+		LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+		/*
+		 * At this point all waiters continue. Each one takes its
+		 * slice of the semaphor. Now it's our turn to wait: Since
+		 * the external mutex is held, no thread can leave cond_wait,
+		 * yet. For this reason, we can be sure that no thread gets
+		 * a chance to eat *more* than one slice. OTOH, it means
+		 * that the last waiter must send us a wake-up.
+		 */
+		WaitForSingleObject(cond->continue_broadcast, INFINITE);
+		/*
+		 * Since the external mutex is held, no thread can enter
+		 * cond_wait, and, hence, it is safe to reset this flag
+		 * without cond->waiters_lock held.
+		 */
+		cond->was_broadcast = 0;
+	} else {
+		LeaveCriticalSection(&cond->waiters_lock);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.h b/compat/win32/pthread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c72f100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Header used to adapt pthread-based POSIX code to Windows API threads.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Andrzej K. Haczewski <ahaczewski@gmail.com>
+ */
+
+#ifndef PTHREAD_H
+#define PTHREAD_H
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+/*
+ * Defines that adapt Windows API threads to pthreads API
+ */
+#define pthread_mutex_t CRITICAL_SECTION
+
+#define pthread_mutex_init(a,b) InitializeCriticalSection((a))
+#define pthread_mutex_destroy(a) DeleteCriticalSection((a))
+#define pthread_mutex_lock EnterCriticalSection
+#define pthread_mutex_unlock LeaveCriticalSection
+
+/*
+ * Implement simple condition variable for Windows threads, based on ACE
+ * implementation.
+ *
+ * See original implementation: http://bit.ly/1vkDjo
+ * ACE homepage: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE.html
+ * See also: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~schmidt/win32-cv-1.html
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	LONG waiters;
+	int was_broadcast;
+	CRITICAL_SECTION waiters_lock;
+	HANDLE sema;
+	HANDLE continue_broadcast;
+} pthread_cond_t;
+
+extern int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const void *unused);
+extern int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
+extern int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, CRITICAL_SECTION *mutex);
+extern int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
+extern int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);
+
+/*
+ * Simple thread creation implementation using pthread API
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	HANDLE handle;
+	void *(*start_routine)(void*);
+	void *arg;
+} pthread_t;
+
+extern int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const void *unused,
+			  void *(*start_routine)(void*), void *arg);
+
+/*
+ * To avoid the need of copying a struct, we use small macro wrapper to pass
+ * pointer to win32_pthread_join instead.
+ */
+#define pthread_join(a, b) win32_pthread_join(&(a), (b))
+
+extern int win32_pthread_join(pthread_t *thread, void **value_ptr);
+
+#endif /* PTHREAD_H */
diff --git a/compat/win32mmap.c b/compat/win32mmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c5a149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/win32mmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	HANDLE hmap;
+	void *temp;
+	size_t len;
+	struct stat st;
+	uint64_t o = offset;
+	uint32_t l = o & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+	uint32_t h = (o >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+	if (!fstat(fd, &st))
+		len = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	else
+		die("mmap: could not determine filesize");
+
+	if ((length + offset) > len)
+		length = len - offset;
+
+	if (!(flags & MAP_PRIVATE))
+		die("Invalid usage of mmap when built with USE_WIN32_MMAP");
+
+	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), 0, PAGE_WRITECOPY,
+		0, 0, 0);
+
+	if (!hmap)
+		return MAP_FAILED;
+
+	temp = MapViewOfFileEx(hmap, FILE_MAP_COPY, h, l, length, start);
+
+	if (!CloseHandle(hmap))
+		warning("unable to close file mapping handle\n");
+
+	return temp ? temp : MAP_FAILED;
+}
+
+int git_munmap(void *start, size_t length)
+{
+	return !UnmapViewOfFile(start);
+}
diff --git a/compat/winansi.c b/compat/winansi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dedce21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/winansi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Peter Harris <git@peter.is-a-geek.org>
+ */
+
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+
+/*
+ Functions to be wrapped:
+*/
+#undef printf
+#undef fprintf
+#undef fputs
+/* TODO: write */
+
+/*
+ ANSI codes used by git: m, K
+
+ This file is git-specific. Therefore, this file does not attempt
+ to implement any codes that are not used by git.
+*/
+
+static HANDLE console;
+static WORD plain_attr;
+static WORD attr;
+static int negative;
+
+static void init(void)
+{
+	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+	static int initialized = 0;
+	if (initialized)
+		return;
+
+	console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+	if (console == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		console = NULL;
+
+	if (!console)
+		return;
+
+	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi);
+	attr = plain_attr = sbi.wAttributes;
+	negative = 0;
+
+	initialized = 1;
+}
+
+
+#define FOREGROUND_ALL (FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
+#define BACKGROUND_ALL (BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE)
+
+static void set_console_attr(void)
+{
+	WORD attributes = attr;
+	if (negative) {
+		attributes &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+		attributes &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+
+		/* This could probably use a bitmask
+		   instead of a series of ifs */
+		if (attr & FOREGROUND_RED)
+			attributes |= BACKGROUND_RED;
+		if (attr & FOREGROUND_GREEN)
+			attributes |= BACKGROUND_GREEN;
+		if (attr & FOREGROUND_BLUE)
+			attributes |= BACKGROUND_BLUE;
+
+		if (attr & BACKGROUND_RED)
+			attributes |= FOREGROUND_RED;
+		if (attr & BACKGROUND_GREEN)
+			attributes |= FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+		if (attr & BACKGROUND_BLUE)
+			attributes |= FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+	}
+	SetConsoleTextAttribute(console, attributes);
+}
+
+static void erase_in_line(void)
+{
+	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+	DWORD dummy; /* Needed for Windows 7 (or Vista) regression */
+
+	if (!console)
+		return;
+
+	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi);
+	FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(console, ' ',
+		sbi.dwSize.X - sbi.dwCursorPosition.X, sbi.dwCursorPosition,
+		&dummy);
+}
+
+
+static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
+{
+	const char *func;
+	size_t len = strspn(str, "0123456789;");
+	func = str + len;
+
+	switch (*func) {
+	case 'm':
+		do {
+			long val = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
+			switch (val) {
+			case 0: /* reset */
+				attr = plain_attr;
+				negative = 0;
+				break;
+			case 1: /* bold */
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+				break;
+			case 2:  /* faint */
+			case 22: /* normal */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+				break;
+			case 3:  /* italic */
+				/* Unsupported */
+				break;
+			case 4:  /* underline */
+			case 21: /* double underline */
+				/* Wikipedia says this flag does nothing */
+				/* Furthermore, mingw doesn't define this flag
+				attr |= COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE; */
+				break;
+			case 24: /* no underline */
+				/* attr &= ~COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE; */
+				break;
+			case 5:  /* slow blink */
+			case 6:  /* fast blink */
+				/* We don't have blink, but we do have
+				   background intensity */
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+				break;
+			case 25: /* no blink */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+				break;
+			case 7:  /* negative */
+				negative = 1;
+				break;
+			case 27: /* positive */
+				negative = 0;
+				break;
+			case 8:  /* conceal */
+			case 28: /* reveal */
+				/* Unsupported */
+				break;
+			case 30: /* Black */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				break;
+			case 31: /* Red */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_RED;
+				break;
+			case 32: /* Green */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+				break;
+			case 33: /* Yellow */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+				break;
+			case 34: /* Blue */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 35: /* Magenta */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 36: /* Cyan */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 37: /* White */
+				attr |= FOREGROUND_RED |
+					FOREGROUND_GREEN |
+					FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 38: /* Unknown */
+				break;
+			case 39: /* reset */
+				attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= (plain_attr & FOREGROUND_ALL);
+				break;
+			case 40: /* Black */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				break;
+			case 41: /* Red */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_RED;
+				break;
+			case 42: /* Green */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_GREEN;
+				break;
+			case 43: /* Yellow */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN;
+				break;
+			case 44: /* Blue */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 45: /* Magenta */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 46: /* Cyan */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 47: /* White */
+				attr |= BACKGROUND_RED |
+					BACKGROUND_GREEN |
+					BACKGROUND_BLUE;
+				break;
+			case 48: /* Unknown */
+				break;
+			case 49: /* reset */
+				attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+				attr |= (plain_attr & BACKGROUND_ALL);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* Unsupported code */
+				break;
+			}
+			str++;
+		} while (*(str-1) == ';');
+
+		set_console_attr();
+		break;
+	case 'K':
+		erase_in_line();
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* Unsupported code */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return func + 1;
+}
+
+static int ansi_emulate(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+{
+	int rv = 0;
+	const char *pos = str;
+
+	while (*pos) {
+		pos = strstr(str, "\033[");
+		if (pos) {
+			size_t len = pos - str;
+
+			if (len) {
+				size_t out_len = fwrite(str, 1, len, stream);
+				rv += out_len;
+				if (out_len < len)
+					return rv;
+			}
+
+			str = pos + 2;
+			rv += 2;
+
+			fflush(stream);
+
+			pos = set_attr(str);
+			rv += pos - str;
+			str = pos;
+		} else {
+			rv += strlen(str);
+			fputs(str, stream);
+			return rv;
+		}
+	}
+	return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+{
+	int rv;
+
+	if (!isatty(fileno(stream)))
+		return fputs(str, stream);
+
+	init();
+
+	if (!console)
+		return fputs(str, stream);
+
+	rv = ansi_emulate(str, stream);
+
+	if (rv >= 0)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return EOF;
+}
+
+static int winansi_vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list list)
+{
+	int len, rv;
+	char small_buf[256];
+	char *buf = small_buf;
+	va_list cp;
+
+	if (!isatty(fileno(stream)))
+		goto abort;
+
+	init();
+
+	if (!console)
+		goto abort;
+
+	va_copy(cp, list);
+	len = vsnprintf(small_buf, sizeof(small_buf), format, cp);
+	va_end(cp);
+
+	if (len > sizeof(small_buf) - 1) {
+		buf = malloc(len + 1);
+		if (!buf)
+			goto abort;
+
+		len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, format, list);
+	}
+
+	rv = ansi_emulate(buf, stream);
+
+	if (buf != small_buf)
+		free(buf);
+	return rv;
+
+abort:
+	rv = vfprintf(stream, format, list);
+	return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list list;
+	int rv;
+
+	va_start(list, format);
+	rv = winansi_vfprintf(stream, format, list);
+	va_end(list);
+
+	return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list list;
+	int rv;
+
+	va_start(list, format);
+	rv = winansi_vfprintf(stdout, format, list);
+	va_end(list);
+
+	return rv;
+}
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6963fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1319 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ * Copyright (C) Johannes Schindelin, 2005
+ *
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+#define MAXNAME (256)
+
+static FILE *config_file;
+static const char *config_file_name;
+static int config_linenr;
+static int config_file_eof;
+static int zlib_compression_seen;
+
+const char *config_exclusive_filename = NULL;
+
+static int get_next_char(void)
+{
+	int c;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	c = '\n';
+	if ((f = config_file) != NULL) {
+		c = fgetc(f);
+		if (c == '\r') {
+			/* DOS like systems */
+			c = fgetc(f);
+			if (c != '\n') {
+				ungetc(c, f);
+				c = '\r';
+			}
+		}
+		if (c == '\n')
+			config_linenr++;
+		if (c == EOF) {
+			config_file_eof = 1;
+			c = '\n';
+		}
+	}
+	return c;
+}
+
+static char *parse_value(void)
+{
+	static char value[1024];
+	int quote = 0, comment = 0, len = 0, space = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = get_next_char();
+		if (len >= sizeof(value) - 1)
+			return NULL;
+		if (c == '\n') {
+			if (quote)
+				return NULL;
+			value[len] = 0;
+			return value;
+		}
+		if (comment)
+			continue;
+		if (isspace(c) && !quote) {
+			if (len)
+				space++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!quote) {
+			if (c == ';' || c == '#') {
+				comment = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		for (; space; space--)
+			value[len++] = ' ';
+		if (c == '\\') {
+			c = get_next_char();
+			switch (c) {
+			case '\n':
+				continue;
+			case 't':
+				c = '\t';
+				break;
+			case 'b':
+				c = '\b';
+				break;
+			case 'n':
+				c = '\n';
+				break;
+			/* Some characters escape as themselves */
+			case '\\': case '"':
+				break;
+			/* Reject unknown escape sequences */
+			default:
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			value[len++] = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '"') {
+			quote = 1-quote;
+			continue;
+		}
+		value[len++] = c;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline int iskeychar(int c)
+{
+	return isalnum(c) || c == '-';
+}
+
+static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
+{
+	int c;
+	char *value;
+
+	/* Get the full name */
+	for (;;) {
+		c = get_next_char();
+		if (config_file_eof)
+			break;
+		if (!iskeychar(c))
+			break;
+		name[len++] = tolower(c);
+		if (len >= MAXNAME)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	name[len] = 0;
+	while (c == ' ' || c == '\t')
+		c = get_next_char();
+
+	value = NULL;
+	if (c != '\n') {
+		if (c != '=')
+			return -1;
+		value = parse_value();
+		if (!value)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return fn(name, value, data);
+}
+
+static int get_extended_base_var(char *name, int baselen, int c)
+{
+	do {
+		if (c == '\n')
+			return -1;
+		c = get_next_char();
+	} while (isspace(c));
+
+	/* We require the format to be '[base "extension"]' */
+	if (c != '"')
+		return -1;
+	name[baselen++] = '.';
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = get_next_char();
+		if (c == '\n')
+			return -1;
+		if (c == '"')
+			break;
+		if (c == '\\') {
+			c = get_next_char();
+			if (c == '\n')
+				return -1;
+		}
+		name[baselen++] = c;
+		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Final ']' */
+	if (get_next_char() != ']')
+		return -1;
+	return baselen;
+}
+
+static int get_base_var(char *name)
+{
+	int baselen = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = get_next_char();
+		if (config_file_eof)
+			return -1;
+		if (c == ']')
+			return baselen;
+		if (isspace(c))
+			return get_extended_base_var(name, baselen, c);
+		if (!iskeychar(c) && c != '.')
+			return -1;
+		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
+			return -1;
+		name[baselen++] = tolower(c);
+	}
+}
+
+static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	int comment = 0;
+	int baselen = 0;
+	static char var[MAXNAME];
+
+	/* U+FEFF Byte Order Mark in UTF8 */
+	static const unsigned char *utf8_bom = (unsigned char *) "\xef\xbb\xbf";
+	const unsigned char *bomptr = utf8_bom;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = get_next_char();
+		if (bomptr && *bomptr) {
+			/* We are at the file beginning; skip UTF8-encoded BOM
+			 * if present. Sane editors won't put this in on their
+			 * own, but e.g. Windows Notepad will do it happily. */
+			if ((unsigned char) c == *bomptr) {
+				bomptr++;
+				continue;
+			} else {
+				/* Do not tolerate partial BOM. */
+				if (bomptr != utf8_bom)
+					break;
+				/* No BOM at file beginning. Cool. */
+				bomptr = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+		if (c == '\n') {
+			if (config_file_eof)
+				return 0;
+			comment = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (comment || isspace(c))
+			continue;
+		if (c == '#' || c == ';') {
+			comment = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '[') {
+			baselen = get_base_var(var);
+			if (baselen <= 0)
+				break;
+			var[baselen++] = '.';
+			var[baselen] = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!isalpha(c))
+			break;
+		var[baselen] = tolower(c);
+		if (get_value(fn, data, var, baselen+1) < 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	die("bad config file line %d in %s", config_linenr, config_file_name);
+}
+
+static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, unsigned long *val)
+{
+	if (!*end)
+		return 1;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "k")) {
+		*val *= 1024;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "m")) {
+		*val *= 1024 * 1024;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else if (!strcasecmp(end, "g")) {
+		*val *= 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
+{
+	if (value && *value) {
+		char *end;
+		long val = strtol(value, &end, 0);
+		unsigned long factor = 1;
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor))
+			return 0;
+		*ret = val * factor;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+{
+	if (value && *value) {
+		char *end;
+		unsigned long val = strtoul(value, &end, 0);
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val))
+			return 0;
+		*ret = val;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void die_bad_config(const char *name)
+{
+	if (config_file_name)
+		die("bad config value for '%s' in %s", name, config_file_name);
+	die("bad config value for '%s'", name);
+}
+
+int git_config_int(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	long ret = 0;
+	if (!git_parse_long(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_config(name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	unsigned long ret;
+	if (!git_parse_ulong(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_config(name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *name, const char *value, int *is_bool)
+{
+	*is_bool = 1;
+	if (!value)
+		return 1;
+	if (!*value)
+		return 0;
+	if (!strcasecmp(value, "true") || !strcasecmp(value, "yes") || !strcasecmp(value, "on"))
+		return 1;
+	if (!strcasecmp(value, "false") || !strcasecmp(value, "no") || !strcasecmp(value, "off"))
+		return 0;
+	*is_bool = 0;
+	return git_config_int(name, value);
+}
+
+int git_config_bool(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int discard;
+	return !!git_config_bool_or_int(name, value, &discard);
+}
+
+int git_config_string(const char **dest, const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return config_error_nonbool(var);
+	*dest = xstrdup(value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_config_pathname(const char **dest, const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return config_error_nonbool(var);
+	*dest = expand_user_path(value);
+	if (!*dest)
+		die("Failed to expand user dir in: '%s'", value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	/* This needs a better name */
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode")) {
+		trust_executable_bit = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.trustctime")) {
+		trust_ctime = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.quotepath")) {
+		quote_path_fully = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.symlinks")) {
+		has_symlinks = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorecase")) {
+		ignore_case = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.bare")) {
+		is_bare_repository_cfg = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorestat")) {
+		assume_unchanged = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.prefersymlinkrefs")) {
+		prefer_symlink_refs = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.logallrefupdates")) {
+		log_all_ref_updates = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.warnambiguousrefs")) {
+		warn_ambiguous_refs = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.loosecompression")) {
+		int level = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (level == -1)
+			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+			die("bad zlib compression level %d", level);
+		zlib_compression_level = level;
+		zlib_compression_seen = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.compression")) {
+		int level = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (level == -1)
+			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+			die("bad zlib compression level %d", level);
+		core_compression_level = level;
+		core_compression_seen = 1;
+		if (!zlib_compression_seen)
+			zlib_compression_level = level;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.packedgitwindowsize")) {
+		int pgsz_x2 = getpagesize() * 2;
+		packed_git_window_size = git_config_int(var, value);
+
+		/* This value must be multiple of (pagesize * 2) */
+		packed_git_window_size /= pgsz_x2;
+		if (packed_git_window_size < 1)
+			packed_git_window_size = 1;
+		packed_git_window_size *= pgsz_x2;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.packedgitlimit")) {
+		packed_git_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.deltabasecachelimit")) {
+		delta_base_cache_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.autocrlf")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "input")) {
+			auto_crlf = -1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		auto_crlf = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.safecrlf")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "warn")) {
+			safe_crlf = SAFE_CRLF_WARN;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		safe_crlf = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.notesref")) {
+		notes_ref_name = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.pager"))
+		return git_config_string(&pager_program, var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.editor"))
+		return git_config_string(&editor_program, var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.excludesfile"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&excludes_file, var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.whitespace")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		whitespace_rule_cfg = parse_whitespace_rule(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.fsyncobjectfiles")) {
+		fsync_object_files = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.preloadindex")) {
+		core_preload_index = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.createobject")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "rename"))
+			object_creation_mode = OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "link"))
+			object_creation_mode = OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS;
+		else
+			die("Invalid mode for object creation: %s", value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.sparsecheckout")) {
+		core_apply_sparse_checkout = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_default_user_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		strlcpy(git_default_name, value, sizeof(git_default_name));
+		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.email")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		strlcpy(git_default_email, value, sizeof(git_default_email));
+		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_default_i18n_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "i18n.commitencoding"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_commit_encoding, var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "i18n.logoutputencoding"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_log_output_encoding, var, value);
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_default_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "branch.autosetupmerge")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "always")) {
+			git_branch_track = BRANCH_TRACK_ALWAYS;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		git_branch_track = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "branch.autosetuprebase")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "never"))
+			autorebase = AUTOREBASE_NEVER;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "local"))
+			autorebase = AUTOREBASE_LOCAL;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "remote"))
+			autorebase = AUTOREBASE_REMOTE;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "always"))
+			autorebase = AUTOREBASE_ALWAYS;
+		else
+			return error("Malformed value for %s", var);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "push.default")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "nothing"))
+			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "matching"))
+			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "tracking"))
+			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_TRACKING;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "current"))
+			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT;
+		else {
+			error("Malformed value for %s: %s", var, value);
+			return error("Must be one of nothing, matching, "
+				     "tracking or current.");
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_default_mailmap_config(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.file"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "core."))
+		return git_default_core_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "user."))
+		return git_default_user_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "i18n."))
+		return git_default_i18n_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "branch."))
+		return git_default_branch_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "push."))
+		return git_default_push_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "mailmap."))
+		return git_default_mailmap_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "advice."))
+		return git_default_advice_config(var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "pager.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.pager")) {
+		pager_use_color = git_config_bool(var,value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
+{
+	int ret;
+	FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
+
+	ret = -1;
+	if (f) {
+		config_file = f;
+		config_file_name = filename;
+		config_linenr = 1;
+		config_file_eof = 0;
+		ret = git_parse_file(fn, data);
+		fclose(f);
+		config_file_name = NULL;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
+{
+	static const char *system_wide;
+	if (!system_wide)
+		system_wide = system_path(ETC_GITCONFIG);
+	return system_wide;
+}
+
+static int git_env_bool(const char *k, int def)
+{
+	const char *v = getenv(k);
+	return v ? git_config_bool(k, v) : def;
+}
+
+int git_config_system(void)
+{
+	return !git_env_bool("GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM", 0);
+}
+
+int git_config_global(void)
+{
+	return !git_env_bool("GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL", 0);
+}
+
+int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	int ret = 0, found = 0;
+	char *repo_config = NULL;
+	const char *home = NULL;
+
+	/* Setting $GIT_CONFIG makes git read _only_ the given config file. */
+	if (config_exclusive_filename)
+		return git_config_from_file(fn, config_exclusive_filename, data);
+	if (git_config_system() && !access(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK)) {
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
+					    data);
+		found += 1;
+	}
+
+	home = getenv("HOME");
+	if (git_config_global() && home) {
+		char *user_config = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
+		if (!access(user_config, R_OK)) {
+			ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
+			found += 1;
+		}
+		free(user_config);
+	}
+
+	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
+	if (!access(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
+		found += 1;
+	}
+	free(repo_config);
+	if (found == 0)
+		return -1;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find all the stuff for git_config_set() below.
+ */
+
+#define MAX_MATCHES 512
+
+static struct {
+	int baselen;
+	char *key;
+	int do_not_match;
+	regex_t *value_regex;
+	int multi_replace;
+	size_t offset[MAX_MATCHES];
+	enum { START, SECTION_SEEN, SECTION_END_SEEN, KEY_SEEN } state;
+	int seen;
+} store;
+
+static int matches(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	return !strcmp(key, store.key) &&
+		(store.value_regex == NULL ||
+		 (store.do_not_match ^
+		  !regexec(store.value_regex, value, 0, NULL, 0)));
+}
+
+static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *ep;
+	size_t section_len;
+
+	switch (store.state) {
+	case KEY_SEEN:
+		if (matches(key, value)) {
+			if (store.seen == 1 && store.multi_replace == 0) {
+				warning("%s has multiple values", key);
+			} else if (store.seen >= MAX_MATCHES) {
+				error("too many matches for %s", key);
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(config_file);
+			store.seen++;
+		}
+		break;
+	case SECTION_SEEN:
+		/*
+		 * What we are looking for is in store.key (both
+		 * section and var), and its section part is baselen
+		 * long.  We found key (again, both section and var).
+		 * We would want to know if this key is in the same
+		 * section as what we are looking for.  We already
+		 * know we are in the same section as what should
+		 * hold store.key.
+		 */
+		ep = strrchr(key, '.');
+		section_len = ep - key;
+
+		if ((section_len != store.baselen) ||
+		    memcmp(key, store.key, section_len+1)) {
+			store.state = SECTION_END_SEEN;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Do not increment matches: this is no match, but we
+		 * just made sure we are in the desired section.
+		 */
+		store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(config_file);
+		/* fallthru */
+	case SECTION_END_SEEN:
+	case START:
+		if (matches(key, value)) {
+			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(config_file);
+			store.state = KEY_SEEN;
+			store.seen++;
+		} else {
+			if (strrchr(key, '.') - key == store.baselen &&
+			      !strncmp(key, store.key, store.baselen)) {
+					store.state = SECTION_SEEN;
+					store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(config_file);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_error(const char *filename)
+{
+	error("failed to write new configuration file %s", filename);
+
+	/* Same error code as "failed to rename". */
+	return 4;
+}
+
+static int store_write_section(int fd, const char *key)
+{
+	const char *dot;
+	int i, success;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	dot = memchr(key, '.', store.baselen);
+	if (dot) {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "[%.*s \"", (int)(dot - key), key);
+		for (i = dot - key + 1; i < store.baselen; i++) {
+			if (key[i] == '"' || key[i] == '\\')
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, '\\');
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, key[i]);
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, "\"]\n");
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "[%.*s]\n", store.baselen, key);
+	}
+
+	success = write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) == sb.len;
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	return success;
+}
+
+static int store_write_pair(int fd, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	int i, success;
+	int length = strlen(key + store.baselen + 1);
+	const char *quote = "";
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check to see if the value needs to be surrounded with a dq pair.
+	 * Note that problematic characters are always backslash-quoted; this
+	 * check is about not losing leading or trailing SP and strings that
+	 * follow beginning-of-comment characters (i.e. ';' and '#') by the
+	 * configuration parser.
+	 */
+	if (value[0] == ' ')
+		quote = "\"";
+	for (i = 0; value[i]; i++)
+		if (value[i] == ';' || value[i] == '#')
+			quote = "\"";
+	if (i && value[i - 1] == ' ')
+		quote = "\"";
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "\t%.*s = %s",
+		    length, key + store.baselen + 1, quote);
+
+	for (i = 0; value[i]; i++)
+		switch (value[i]) {
+		case '\n':
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, "\\n");
+			break;
+		case '\t':
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, "\\t");
+			break;
+		case '"':
+		case '\\':
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, '\\');
+		default:
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, value[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s\n", quote);
+
+	success = write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) == sb.len;
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	return success;
+}
+
+static ssize_t find_beginning_of_line(const char *contents, size_t size,
+	size_t offset_, int *found_bracket)
+{
+	size_t equal_offset = size, bracket_offset = size;
+	ssize_t offset;
+
+contline:
+	for (offset = offset_-2; offset > 0
+			&& contents[offset] != '\n'; offset--)
+		switch (contents[offset]) {
+			case '=': equal_offset = offset; break;
+			case ']': bracket_offset = offset; break;
+		}
+	if (offset > 0 && contents[offset-1] == '\\') {
+		offset_ = offset;
+		goto contline;
+	}
+	if (bracket_offset < equal_offset) {
+		*found_bracket = 1;
+		offset = bracket_offset+1;
+	} else
+		offset++;
+
+	return offset;
+}
+
+int git_config_set(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	return git_config_set_multivar(key, value, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If value==NULL, unset in (remove from) config,
+ * if value_regex!=NULL, disregard key/value pairs where value does not match.
+ * if multi_replace==0, nothing, or only one matching key/value is replaced,
+ *     else all matching key/values (regardless how many) are removed,
+ *     before the new pair is written.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success.
+ *
+ * This function does this:
+ *
+ * - it locks the config file by creating ".git/config.lock"
+ *
+ * - it then parses the config using store_aux() as validator to find
+ *   the position on the key/value pair to replace. If it is to be unset,
+ *   it must be found exactly once.
+ *
+ * - the config file is mmap()ed and the part before the match (if any) is
+ *   written to the lock file, then the changed part and the rest.
+ *
+ * - the config file is removed and the lock file rename()d to it.
+ *
+ */
+int git_config_set_multivar(const char *key, const char *value,
+	const char *value_regex, int multi_replace)
+{
+	int i, dot;
+	int fd = -1, in_fd;
+	int ret;
+	char *config_filename;
+	struct lock_file *lock = NULL;
+	const char *last_dot = strrchr(key, '.');
+
+	if (config_exclusive_filename)
+		config_filename = xstrdup(config_exclusive_filename);
+	else
+		config_filename = git_pathdup("config");
+
+	/*
+	 * Since "key" actually contains the section name and the real
+	 * key name separated by a dot, we have to know where the dot is.
+	 */
+
+	if (last_dot == NULL) {
+		error("key does not contain a section: %s", key);
+		ret = 2;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+	store.baselen = last_dot - key;
+
+	store.multi_replace = multi_replace;
+
+	/*
+	 * Validate the key and while at it, lower case it for matching.
+	 */
+	store.key = xmalloc(strlen(key) + 1);
+	dot = 0;
+	for (i = 0; key[i]; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = key[i];
+		if (c == '.')
+			dot = 1;
+		/* Leave the extended basename untouched.. */
+		if (!dot || i > store.baselen) {
+			if (!iskeychar(c) || (i == store.baselen+1 && !isalpha(c))) {
+				error("invalid key: %s", key);
+				free(store.key);
+				ret = 1;
+				goto out_free;
+			}
+			c = tolower(c);
+		} else if (c == '\n') {
+			error("invalid key (newline): %s", key);
+			free(store.key);
+			ret = 1;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+		store.key[i] = c;
+	}
+	store.key[i] = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The lock serves a purpose in addition to locking: the new
+	 * contents of .git/config will be written into it.
+	 */
+	lock = xcalloc(sizeof(struct lock_file), 1);
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, config_filename, 0);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		error("could not lock config file %s: %s", config_filename, strerror(errno));
+		free(store.key);
+		ret = -1;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If .git/config does not exist yet, write a minimal version.
+	 */
+	in_fd = open(config_filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if ( in_fd < 0 ) {
+		free(store.key);
+
+		if ( ENOENT != errno ) {
+			error("opening %s: %s", config_filename,
+			      strerror(errno));
+			ret = 3; /* same as "invalid config file" */
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+		/* if nothing to unset, error out */
+		if (value == NULL) {
+			ret = 5;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+
+		store.key = (char *)key;
+		if (!store_write_section(fd, key) ||
+		    !store_write_pair(fd, key, value))
+			goto write_err_out;
+	} else {
+		struct stat st;
+		char *contents;
+		size_t contents_sz, copy_begin, copy_end;
+		int i, new_line = 0;
+
+		if (value_regex == NULL)
+			store.value_regex = NULL;
+		else {
+			if (value_regex[0] == '!') {
+				store.do_not_match = 1;
+				value_regex++;
+			} else
+				store.do_not_match = 0;
+
+			store.value_regex = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
+			if (regcomp(store.value_regex, value_regex,
+					REG_EXTENDED)) {
+				error("invalid pattern: %s", value_regex);
+				free(store.value_regex);
+				ret = 6;
+				goto out_free;
+			}
+		}
+
+		store.offset[0] = 0;
+		store.state = START;
+		store.seen = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * After this, store.offset will contain the *end* offset
+		 * of the last match, or remain at 0 if no match was found.
+		 * As a side effect, we make sure to transform only a valid
+		 * existing config file.
+		 */
+		if (git_config_from_file(store_aux, config_filename, NULL)) {
+			error("invalid config file %s", config_filename);
+			free(store.key);
+			if (store.value_regex != NULL) {
+				regfree(store.value_regex);
+				free(store.value_regex);
+			}
+			ret = 3;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+
+		free(store.key);
+		if (store.value_regex != NULL) {
+			regfree(store.value_regex);
+			free(store.value_regex);
+		}
+
+		/* if nothing to unset, or too many matches, error out */
+		if ((store.seen == 0 && value == NULL) ||
+				(store.seen > 1 && multi_replace == 0)) {
+			ret = 5;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+
+		fstat(in_fd, &st);
+		contents_sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+		contents = xmmap(NULL, contents_sz, PROT_READ,
+			MAP_PRIVATE, in_fd, 0);
+		close(in_fd);
+
+		if (store.seen == 0)
+			store.seen = 1;
+
+		for (i = 0, copy_begin = 0; i < store.seen; i++) {
+			if (store.offset[i] == 0) {
+				store.offset[i] = copy_end = contents_sz;
+			} else if (store.state != KEY_SEEN) {
+				copy_end = store.offset[i];
+			} else
+				copy_end = find_beginning_of_line(
+					contents, contents_sz,
+					store.offset[i]-2, &new_line);
+
+			if (copy_end > 0 && contents[copy_end-1] != '\n')
+				new_line = 1;
+
+			/* write the first part of the config */
+			if (copy_end > copy_begin) {
+				if (write_in_full(fd, contents + copy_begin,
+						  copy_end - copy_begin) <
+				    copy_end - copy_begin)
+					goto write_err_out;
+				if (new_line &&
+				    write_str_in_full(fd, "\n") != 1)
+					goto write_err_out;
+			}
+			copy_begin = store.offset[i];
+		}
+
+		/* write the pair (value == NULL means unset) */
+		if (value != NULL) {
+			if (store.state == START) {
+				if (!store_write_section(fd, key))
+					goto write_err_out;
+			}
+			if (!store_write_pair(fd, key, value))
+				goto write_err_out;
+		}
+
+		/* write the rest of the config */
+		if (copy_begin < contents_sz)
+			if (write_in_full(fd, contents + copy_begin,
+					  contents_sz - copy_begin) <
+			    contents_sz - copy_begin)
+				goto write_err_out;
+
+		munmap(contents, contents_sz);
+	}
+
+	if (commit_lock_file(lock) < 0) {
+		error("could not commit config file %s", config_filename);
+		ret = 4;
+		goto out_free;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * lock is committed, so don't try to roll it back below.
+	 * NOTE: Since lockfile.c keeps a linked list of all created
+	 * lock_file structures, it isn't safe to free(lock).  It's
+	 * better to just leave it hanging around.
+	 */
+	lock = NULL;
+	ret = 0;
+
+out_free:
+	if (lock)
+		rollback_lock_file(lock);
+	free(config_filename);
+	return ret;
+
+write_err_out:
+	ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+	goto out_free;
+
+}
+
+static int section_name_match (const char *buf, const char *name)
+{
+	int i = 0, j = 0, dot = 0;
+	if (buf[i] != '[')
+		return 0;
+	for (i = 1; buf[i] && buf[i] != ']'; i++) {
+		if (!dot && isspace(buf[i])) {
+			dot = 1;
+			if (name[j++] != '.')
+				break;
+			for (i++; isspace(buf[i]); i++)
+				; /* do nothing */
+			if (buf[i] != '"')
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (buf[i] == '\\' && dot)
+			i++;
+		else if (buf[i] == '"' && dot) {
+			for (i++; isspace(buf[i]); i++)
+				; /* do_nothing */
+			break;
+		}
+		if (buf[i] != name[j++])
+			break;
+	}
+	if (buf[i] == ']' && name[j] == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We match, now just find the right length offset by
+		 * gobbling up any whitespace after it, as well
+		 */
+		i++;
+		for (; buf[i] && isspace(buf[i]); i++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		return i;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* if new_name == NULL, the section is removed instead */
+int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
+{
+	int ret = 0, remove = 0;
+	char *config_filename;
+	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(sizeof(struct lock_file), 1);
+	int out_fd;
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	if (config_exclusive_filename)
+		config_filename = xstrdup(config_exclusive_filename);
+	else
+		config_filename = git_pathdup("config");
+	out_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, config_filename, 0);
+	if (out_fd < 0) {
+		ret = error("could not lock config file %s", config_filename);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!(config_file = fopen(config_filename, "rb"))) {
+		/* no config file means nothing to rename, no error */
+		goto unlock_and_out;
+	}
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), config_file)) {
+		int i;
+		int length;
+		char *output = buf;
+		for (i = 0; buf[i] && isspace(buf[i]); i++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (buf[i] == '[') {
+			/* it's a section */
+			int offset = section_name_match(&buf[i], old_name);
+			if (offset > 0) {
+				ret++;
+				if (new_name == NULL) {
+					remove = 1;
+					continue;
+				}
+				store.baselen = strlen(new_name);
+				if (!store_write_section(out_fd, new_name)) {
+					ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+					goto out;
+				}
+				/*
+				 * We wrote out the new section, with
+				 * a newline, now skip the old
+				 * section's length
+				 */
+				output += offset + i;
+				if (strlen(output) > 0) {
+					/*
+					 * More content means there's
+					 * a declaration to put on the
+					 * next line; indent with a
+					 * tab
+					 */
+					output -= 1;
+					output[0] = '\t';
+				}
+			}
+			remove = 0;
+		}
+		if (remove)
+			continue;
+		length = strlen(output);
+		if (write_in_full(out_fd, output, length) != length) {
+			ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(config_file);
+ unlock_and_out:
+	if (commit_lock_file(lock) < 0)
+		ret = error("could not commit config file %s", config_filename);
+ out:
+	free(config_filename);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call this to report error for your variable that should not
+ * get a boolean value (i.e. "[my] var" means "true").
+ */
+int config_error_nonbool(const char *var)
+{
+	return error("Missing value for '%s'", var);
+}
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6008ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# git Makefile configuration, included in main Makefile
+# @configure_input@
+
+CC = @CC@
+CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
+LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
+CC_LD_DYNPATH = @CC_LD_DYNPATH@
+AR = @AR@
+TAR = @TAR@
+#INSTALL = @INSTALL@		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
+TCLTK_PATH = @TCLTK_PATH@
+
+prefix = @prefix@
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+bindir = @bindir@
+gitexecdir = @libexecdir@/git-core
+datarootdir = @datarootdir@
+template_dir = @datadir@/git-core/templates
+
+mandir=@mandir@
+
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+VPATH = @srcdir@
+
+export exec_prefix mandir
+export srcdir VPATH
+
+ASCIIDOC8=@ASCIIDOC8@
+NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=@NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO@
+NO_OPENSSL=@NO_OPENSSL@
+NO_CURL=@NO_CURL@
+NO_EXPAT=@NO_EXPAT@
+NO_LIBGEN_H=@NO_LIBGEN_H@
+NEEDS_LIBICONV=@NEEDS_LIBICONV@
+NEEDS_SOCKET=@NEEDS_SOCKET@
+NEEDS_RESOLV=@NEEDS_RESOLV@
+NEEDS_LIBGEN=@NEEDS_LIBGEN@
+NO_SYS_SELECT_H=@NO_SYS_SELECT_H@
+NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT@
+NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT@
+NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE=@NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE@
+NO_IPV6=@NO_IPV6@
+NO_C99_FORMAT=@NO_C99_FORMAT@
+NO_STRCASESTR=@NO_STRCASESTR@
+NO_MEMMEM=@NO_MEMMEM@
+NO_STRLCPY=@NO_STRLCPY@
+NO_UINTMAX_T=@NO_UINTMAX_T@
+NO_STRTOUMAX=@NO_STRTOUMAX@
+NO_SETENV=@NO_SETENV@
+NO_UNSETENV=@NO_UNSETENV@
+NO_MKDTEMP=@NO_MKDTEMP@
+NO_MKSTEMPS=@NO_MKSTEMPS@
+NO_ICONV=@NO_ICONV@
+OLD_ICONV=@OLD_ICONV@
+NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=@NO_DEFLATE_BOUND@
+FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=@FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES@
+SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=@SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS@
+NO_PTHREADS=@NO_PTHREADS@
+PTHREAD_LIBS=@PTHREAD_LIBS@
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..914ae57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
+# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
+
+AC_PREREQ(2.59)
+AC_INIT([git], [@@GIT_VERSION@@], [git@vger.kernel.org])
+
+AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([git.c])
+
+config_file=config.mak.autogen
+config_append=config.mak.append
+config_in=config.mak.in
+
+echo "# ${config_append}.  Generated by configure." > "${config_append}"
+
+
+## Definitions of macros
+# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LINE)
+# --------------------------
+# Append LINE to file ${config_append}
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE],
+[echo "$1" >> "${config_append}"])# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE
+#
+# GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
+# -------------------------
+# Provide --with-PROGRAM=PATH option to set PATH to PROGRAM
+# Optional second argument allows setting NO_PROGRAM=YesPlease if
+# --without-PROGRAM version used.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_ARG_SET_PATH],
+[AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
+ [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=PATH],
+                 [provide PATH to $1])],
+ [GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH($1,$2)],[])
+])# GIT_ARG_SET_PATH
+#
+# GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH(PROGRAM)
+# ------------------------------
+# Parse --with-PROGRAM=PATH option to set PROGRAM_PATH=PATH
+# Used by GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
+# Optional second argument allows setting NO_PROGRAM=YesPlease if
+# --without-PROGRAM is used.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH],
+[PROGRAM=m4_toupper($1); \
+if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
+	if test -n "$2"; then \
+		m4_toupper($1)_PATH=$withval; \
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of ${PROGRAM}]); \
+		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(NO_${PROGRAM}=YesPlease); \
+		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=); \
+	else \
+		AC_MSG_ERROR([You cannot use git without $1]); \
+	fi; \
+else \
+	if test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
+		AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide path for --with-$1=PATH]); \
+	else \
+		m4_toupper($1)_PATH=$withval; \
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting m4_toupper($1)_PATH to $withval]); \
+		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=$withval); \
+	fi; \
+fi; \
+]) # GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH
+#
+# GIT_PARSE_WITH(PACKAGE)
+# -----------------------
+# For use in AC_ARG_WITH action-if-found, for packages default ON.
+# * Set NO_PACKAGE=YesPlease for --without-PACKAGE
+# * Set PACKAGEDIR=PATH for --with-PACKAGE=PATH
+# * Unset NO_PACKAGE for --with-PACKAGE without ARG
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH],
+[PACKAGE=m4_toupper($1); \
+if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
+	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=YesPlease; \
+elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
+	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=; \
+else \
+	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=; \
+	m4_toupper($1)DIR=$withval; \
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting m4_toupper($1)DIR to $withval]); \
+	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PACKAGE}DIR=$withval); \
+fi \
+])# GIT_PARSE_WITH
+#
+# GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(WITHNAME, VAR, HELP_TEXT)
+# ---------------------
+# Set VAR to the value specied by --with-WITHNAME.
+# No verification of arguments is performed, but warnings are issued
+# if either 'yes' or 'no' is specified.
+# HELP_TEXT is presented when --help is called.
+# This is a direct way to allow setting variables in the Makefile.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR],
+[AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
+ [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=VALUE], $3)],
+ if test -n "$withval"; then \
+  if test "$withval" = "yes" -o "$withval" = "no"; then \
+    AC_MSG_WARN([You likely do not want either 'yes' or 'no' as]
+		     [a value for $1 ($2).  Maybe you do...?]); \
+  fi; \
+  \
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting $2 to $withval]); \
+  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE($2=$withval); \
+ fi)])# GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR
+
+dnl
+dnl GIT_CHECK_FUNC(FUNCTION, IFTRUE, IFFALSE)
+dnl -----------------------------------------
+dnl Similar to AC_CHECK_FUNC, but on systems that do not generate
+dnl warnings for missing prototypes (e.g. FreeBSD when compiling without
+dnl -Wall), it does not work.  By looking for function definition in
+dnl libraries, this problem can be worked around.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CHECK_FUNC],[AC_CHECK_FUNC([$1],[
+  AC_SEARCH_LIBS([$1],,
+  [$2],[$3])
+],[$3])])
+
+dnl
+dnl GIT_STASH_FLAGS(BASEPATH_VAR)
+dnl -----------------------------
+dnl Allow for easy stashing of LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS before running
+dnl tests that may want to take user settings into account.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_STASH_FLAGS],[
+if test -n "$1"; then
+   old_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+   old_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"
+   CPPFLAGS="-I$1/include $CPPFLAGS"
+   LDFLAGS="-L$1/$lib $LDFLAGS"
+fi
+])
+
+dnl
+dnl GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS(BASEPATH_VAR)
+dnl -----------------------------
+dnl Restore the stashed *FLAGS values.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS],[
+if test -n "$1"; then
+   CPPFLAGS="$old_CPPFLAGS"
+   LDFLAGS="$old_LDFLAGS"
+fi
+])
+
+## Site configuration related to programs (before tests)
+## --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] and --without-PACKAGE
+#
+# Set lib to alternative name of lib directory (e.g. lib64)
+AC_ARG_WITH([lib],
+ [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-lib=ARG],
+                 [ARG specifies alternative name for lib directory])],
+ [if test "$withval" = "no" || test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
+	AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide name for --with-lib=ARG]); \
+else \
+	lib=$withval; \
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to '$lib']); \
+	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(lib=$withval); \
+fi; \
+],[])
+
+if test -z "$lib"; then
+   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to 'lib' (the default)])
+   lib=lib
+fi
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([pthreads],
+ [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-pthreads=FLAGS],
+  [FLAGS is the value to pass to the compiler to enable POSIX Threads.]
+  [The default if FLAGS is not specified is to try first -pthread]
+  [and then -lpthread.]
+  [--without-pthreads will disable threading.])],
+[
+if test "x$enableval" = "xyes"; then
+   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads])
+elif test "x$enableval" != "xno"; then
+   PTHREAD_CFLAGS=$enableval
+   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS' as the FLAGS to enable POSIX Threads])
+else
+   AC_MSG_NOTICE([POSIX Threads will be disabled.])
+   NO_PTHREADS=YesPlease
+   USER_NOPTHREAD=1
+fi],
+[
+   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads.])
+])
+
+## Site configuration (override autodetection)
+## --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] and --without-PACKAGE
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for site configuration])
+#
+# Define NO_SVN_TESTS if you want to skip time-consuming SVN interoperability
+# tests.  These tests take up a significant amount of the total test time
+# but are not needed unless you plan to talk to SVN repos.
+#
+# Define PPC_SHA1 environment variable when running make to make use of
+# a bundled SHA1 routine optimized for PowerPC.
+#
+# Define NO_OPENSSL environment variable if you do not have OpenSSL.
+# This also implies BLK_SHA1.
+#
+# Define OPENSSLDIR=/foo/bar if your openssl header and library files are in
+# /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
+AC_ARG_WITH(openssl,
+AS_HELP_STRING([--with-openssl],[use OpenSSL library (default is YES)])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],              [ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers]),\
+GIT_PARSE_WITH(openssl))
+#
+# Define NO_CURL if you do not have curl installed.  git-http-pull and
+# git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
+# transports.
+#
+# Define CURLDIR=/foo/bar if your curl header and library files are in
+# /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
+AC_ARG_WITH(curl,
+AS_HELP_STRING([--with-curl],[support http(s):// transports (default is YES)])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],           [ARG can be also prefix for curl library and headers]),
+GIT_PARSE_WITH(curl))
+#
+# Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
+# not built, and you cannot push using http:// and https:// transports.
+#
+# Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
+# /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
+AC_ARG_WITH(expat,
+AS_HELP_STRING([--with-expat],
+[support git-push using http:// and https:// transports via WebDAV (default is YES)])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],            [ARG can be also prefix for expat library and headers]),
+GIT_PARSE_WITH(expat))
+#
+# Define NO_FINK if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X, have Fink
+# installed in /sw, but don't want GIT to link against any libraries
+# installed there.  If defined you may specify your own (or Fink's)
+# include directories and library directories by defining CFLAGS
+# and LDFLAGS appropriately.
+#
+# Define NO_DARWIN_PORTS if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X,
+# have DarwinPorts installed in /opt/local, but don't want GIT to
+# link against any libraries installed there.  If defined you may
+# specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
+# library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
+#
+# Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
+#
+# Define NO_ICONV if your libc does not properly support iconv.
+AC_ARG_WITH(iconv,
+AS_HELP_STRING([--without-iconv],
+[if your architecture doesn't properly support iconv])
+AS_HELP_STRING([--with-iconv=PATH],
+[PATH is prefix for libiconv library and headers])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],
+[used only if you need linking with libiconv]),
+GIT_PARSE_WITH(iconv))
+
+## --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] and --disable-FEATURE
+#
+# Define USE_NSEC below if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes
+# and ctimes. Note that you need recent glibc (at least 2.2.4) for this, and
+# it will BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely
+# randomly break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second
+# times (my ext3 doesn't).
+#
+# Define USE_STDEV below if you want git to care about the underlying device
+# change being considered an inode change from the update-index perspective.
+
+#
+# Allow user to set ETC_GITCONFIG variable
+GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(gitconfig, ETC_GITCONFIG,
+			Use VALUE instead of /etc/gitconfig as the
+			global git configuration file.
+			If VALUE is not fully qualified it will be interpretted
+			as a path relative to the computed prefix at runtime.)
+
+#
+# Allow user to set the default pager
+GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(pager, DEFAULT_PAGER,
+			Use VALUE as the fall-back pager instead of 'less'.
+			This is used by things like 'git log' when the user
+			does not specify a pager to use through alternate
+			methods. eg: /usr/bin/pager)
+#
+# Allow user to set the default editor
+GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(editor, DEFAULT_EDITOR,
+			Use VALUE as the fall-back editor instead of 'vi'.
+			This is used by things like 'git commit' when the user
+			does not specify a preferred editor through other
+			methods. eg: /usr/bin/editor)
+
+#
+# Define SHELL_PATH to provide path to shell.
+GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(shell)
+#
+# Define PERL_PATH to provide path to Perl.
+GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(perl)
+#
+# Define PYTHON_PATH to provide path to Python.
+GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(python, allow-without)
+#
+# Define ZLIB_PATH to provide path to zlib.
+GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(zlib)
+#
+# Declare the with-tcltk/without-tcltk options.
+AC_ARG_WITH(tcltk,
+AS_HELP_STRING([--with-tcltk],[use Tcl/Tk GUI (default is YES)])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],[ARG is the full path to the Tcl/Tk interpreter.])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],[Bare --with-tcltk will make the GUI part only if])
+AS_HELP_STRING([],[Tcl/Tk interpreter will be found in a system.]),\
+GIT_PARSE_WITH(tcltk))
+#
+
+
+## Checks for programs.
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for programs])
+#
+AC_PROG_CC([cc gcc])
+# which switch to pass runtime path to dynamic libraries to the linker
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -R], git_cv_ld_dashr, [
+   SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
+   LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS} -R /"
+   AC_LINK_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([], []), [git_cv_ld_dashr=yes], [git_cv_ld_dashr=no])
+   LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
+])
+if test "$git_cv_ld_dashr" = "yes"; then
+   AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-R])
+else
+   AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -Wl,-rpath,], git_cv_ld_wl_rpath, [
+      SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
+      LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS} -Wl,-rpath,/"
+      AC_LINK_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([], []), [git_cv_ld_wl_rpath=yes], [git_cv_ld_wl_rpath=no])
+      LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
+   ])
+   if test "$git_cv_ld_wl_rpath" = "yes"; then
+      AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-Wl,-rpath,])
+   else
+      AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -rpath], git_cv_ld_rpath, [
+         SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
+         LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS} -rpath /"
+         AC_LINK_IFELSE(AC_LANG_PROGRAM([], []), [git_cv_ld_rpath=yes], [git_cv_ld_rpath=no])
+         LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
+      ])
+      if test "$git_cv_ld_rpath" = "yes"; then
+         AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-rpath])
+      else
+         AC_MSG_WARN([linker does not support runtime path to dynamic libraries])
+      fi
+   fi
+fi
+#AC_PROG_INSTALL		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS(AR, [gar ar], :)
+AC_CHECK_PROGS(TAR, [gtar tar])
+# TCLTK_PATH will be set to some value if we want Tcl/Tk
+# or will be empty otherwise.
+if test -z "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+  if test "$with_tcltk" = ""; then
+  # No Tcl/Tk switches given. Do not check for Tcl/Tk, use bare 'wish'.
+    TCLTK_PATH=wish
+    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
+  elif test "$with_tcltk" = "yes"; then
+  # Tcl/Tk check requested.
+    AC_CHECK_PROGS(TCLTK_PATH, [wish], )
+  else
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([Using Tcl/Tk interpreter $with_tcltk])
+    TCLTK_PATH="$with_tcltk"
+    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
+  fi
+fi
+AC_CHECK_PROGS(ASCIIDOC, [asciidoc])
+if test -n "$ASCIIDOC"; then
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for asciidoc version])
+	asciidoc_version=`$ASCIIDOC --version 2>/dev/null`
+	case "${asciidoc_version}" in
+	asciidoc' '8*)
+		ASCIIDOC8=YesPlease
+		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} > 7])
+		;;
+	asciidoc' '7*)
+		ASCIIDOC8=
+		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version}])
+		;;
+	*)
+		ASCIIDOC8=
+		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} (unknown)])
+		;;
+	esac
+fi
+AC_SUBST(ASCIIDOC8)
+
+
+## Checks for libraries.
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for libraries])
+#
+# Define NO_OPENSSL environment variable if you do not have OpenSSL.
+# Define NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO if you need -lcrypto with -lssl (Darwin).
+
+GIT_STASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB([crypto], [SHA1_Init],
+[NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=],
+[AC_CHECK_LIB([ssl], [SHA1_Init],
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease],
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO= NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
+
+GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
+
+AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO)
+AC_SUBST(NO_OPENSSL)
+
+#
+# Define NO_CURL if you do not have libcurl installed.  git-http-pull and
+# git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
+# transports.
+
+GIT_STASH_FLAGS($CURLDIR)
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB([curl], [curl_global_init],
+[NO_CURL=],
+[NO_CURL=YesPlease])
+
+GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($CURLDIR)
+
+AC_SUBST(NO_CURL)
+
+#
+# Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
+# not built, and you cannot push using http:// and https:// transports.
+
+GIT_STASH_FLAGS($EXPATDIR)
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB([expat], [XML_ParserCreate],
+[NO_EXPAT=],
+[NO_EXPAT=YesPlease])
+
+GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($EXPATDIR)
+
+AC_SUBST(NO_EXPAT)
+
+#
+# Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin and
+# some Solaris installations).
+# Define NO_ICONV if neither libc nor libiconv support iconv.
+
+if test -z "$NO_ICONV"; then
+
+GIT_STASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
+
+AC_DEFUN([ICONVTEST_SRC], [
+#include <iconv.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	iconv_open("", "");
+	return 0;
+}
+])
+
+if test -n "$ICONVDIR"; then
+   lib_order="-liconv -lc"
+else
+   lib_order="-lc -liconv"
+fi
+
+NO_ICONV=YesPlease
+
+for l in $lib_order; do
+    if test "$l" = "-liconv"; then
+       NEEDS_LIBICONV=YesPlease
+    else
+       NEEDS_LIBICONV=
+    fi
+
+    old_LIBS="$LIBS"
+    LIBS="$LIBS $l"
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for iconv in $l])
+    AC_LINK_IFELSE(ICONVTEST_SRC,
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	NO_ICONV=
+	break],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+    LIBS="$old_LIBS"
+done
+
+#in case of break
+LIBS="$old_LIBS"
+
+GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
+
+AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBICONV)
+AC_SUBST(NO_ICONV)
+
+if test -n "$NO_ICONV"; then
+    NEEDS_LIBICONV=
+fi
+
+fi
+
+#
+# Define NO_DEFLATE_BOUND if deflateBound is missing from zlib.
+
+GIT_STASH_FLAGS($ZLIB_PATH)
+
+AC_DEFUN([ZLIBTEST_SRC], [
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	deflateBound(0, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+])
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for deflateBound in -lz])
+old_LIBS="$LIBS"
+LIBS="$LIBS -lz"
+AC_LINK_IFELSE(ZLIBTEST_SRC,
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=yes])
+LIBS="$old_LIBS"
+
+GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ZLIB_PATH)
+
+AC_SUBST(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND)
+
+#
+# Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
+# Patrick Mauritz).
+AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [socket],
+[NEEDS_SOCKET=],
+[NEEDS_SOCKET=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SOCKET)
+test -n "$NEEDS_SOCKET" && LIBS="$LIBS -lsocket"
+
+#
+# Define NEEDS_RESOLV if linking with -lnsl and/or -lsocket is not enough.
+# Notably on Solaris hstrerror resides in libresolv and on Solaris 7
+# inet_ntop and inet_pton additionally reside there.
+AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [hstrerror],
+[NEEDS_RESOLV=],
+[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NEEDS_RESOLV)
+test -n "$NEEDS_RESOLV" && LIBS="$LIBS -lresolv"
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [basename],
+[NEEDS_LIBGEN=],
+[NEEDS_LIBGEN=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBGEN)
+test -n "$NEEDS_LIBGEN" && LIBS="$LIBS -lgen"
+
+## Checks for header files.
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for header files])
+#
+# Define NO_SYS_SELECT_H if you don't have sys/select.h.
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/select.h],
+[NO_SYS_SELECT_H=],
+[NO_SYS_SELECT_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
+AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_SELECT_H)
+#
+# Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
+# (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
+AC_DEFUN([OLDICONVTEST_SRC], [[
+#include <iconv.h>
+
+extern size_t iconv(iconv_t cd,
+		    char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft,
+		    char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+]])
+
+GIT_STASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for old iconv()])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(OLDICONVTEST_SRC,
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	OLD_ICONV=UnfortunatelyYes])
+
+GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
+
+AC_SUBST(OLD_ICONV)
+
+## Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics])
+#
+# Define NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT if you don't have d_ino in your struct dirent.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_ino,
+[NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=],
+[NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <dirent.h>])
+AC_SUBST(NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT)
+#
+# Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
+# d_type in struct dirent (latest Cygwin -- will be fixed soonish).
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_type,
+[NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=],
+[NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <dirent.h>])
+AC_SUBST(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
+#
+# Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
+# sockaddr_storage.
+AC_CHECK_TYPE(struct sockaddr_storage,
+[NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE=],
+[NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE=YesPlease],[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+])
+AC_SUBST(NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE)
+#
+# Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
+AC_CHECK_TYPE([struct addrinfo],[
+ GIT_CHECK_FUNC([getaddrinfo],
+  [NO_IPV6=],
+  [NO_IPV6=YesPlease])
+],[NO_IPV6=YesPlease],[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+])
+AC_SUBST(NO_IPV6)
+#
+# Define NO_C99_FORMAT if your formatted IO functions (printf/scanf et.al.)
+# do not support the 'size specifiers' introduced by C99, namely ll, hh,
+# j, z, t. (representing long long int, char, intmax_t, size_t, ptrdiff_t).
+# some C compilers supported these specifiers prior to C99 as an extension.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether formatted IO functions support C99 size specifiers],
+ [ac_cv_c_c99_format],
+[# Actually git uses only %z (%zu) in alloc.c, and %t (%td) in mktag.c
+AC_RUN_IFELSE(
+	[AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT],
+		[[char buf[64];
+		if (sprintf(buf, "%lld%hhd%jd%zd%td", (long long int)1, (char)2, (intmax_t)3, (size_t)4, (ptrdiff_t)5) != 5)
+		  return 1;
+		else if (strcmp(buf, "12345"))
+		  return 2;]])],
+	[ac_cv_c_c99_format=yes],
+	[ac_cv_c_c99_format=no])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_c_c99_format = no; then
+	NO_C99_FORMAT=YesPlease
+else
+	NO_C99_FORMAT=
+fi
+AC_SUBST(NO_C99_FORMAT)
+#
+# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
+# when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether system succeeds to read fopen'ed directory],
+ [ac_cv_fread_reads_directories],
+[
+AC_RUN_IFELSE(
+	[AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT],
+		[[char c;
+		FILE *f = fopen(".", "r");
+		return f && fread(&c, 1, 1, f)]])],
+	[ac_cv_fread_reads_directories=no],
+	[ac_cv_fread_reads_directories=yes])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_fread_reads_directories = yes; then
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=UnfortunatelyYes
+else
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=
+fi
+AC_SUBST(FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES)
+#
+# Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
+# or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
+# have been written to the final string if enough space had been available.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether snprintf() and/or vsnprintf() return bogus value],
+ [ac_cv_snprintf_returns_bogus],
+[
+AC_RUN_IFELSE(
+	[AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT
+		#include "stdarg.h"
+
+		int test_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize, const char *format, ...)
+		{
+		  int ret;
+		  va_list ap;
+		  va_start(ap, format);
+		  ret = vsnprintf(str, maxsize, format, ap);
+		  va_end(ap);
+		  return ret;
+		}],
+		[[char buf[6];
+		  if (test_vsnprintf(buf, 3, "%s", "12345") != 5
+		      || strcmp(buf, "12")) return 1;
+		  if (snprintf(buf, 3, "%s", "12345") != 5
+		      || strcmp(buf, "12")) return 1]])],
+	[ac_cv_snprintf_returns_bogus=no],
+	[ac_cv_snprintf_returns_bogus=yes])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_snprintf_returns_bogus = yes; then
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=UnfortunatelyYes
+else
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=
+fi
+AC_SUBST(SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS)
+
+
+## Checks for library functions.
+## (in default C library and libraries checked by AC_CHECK_LIB)
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for library functions])
+#
+# Define NO_LIBGEN_H if you don't have libgen.h.
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([libgen.h],
+[NO_LIBGEN_H=],
+[NO_LIBGEN_H=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_LIBGEN_H)
+#
+# Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strcasestr,
+[NO_STRCASESTR=],
+[NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_STRCASESTR)
+#
+# Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(memmem,
+[NO_MEMMEM=],
+[NO_MEMMEM=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_MEMMEM)
+#
+# Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strlcpy,
+[NO_STRLCPY=],
+[NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_STRLCPY)
+#
+# Define NO_UINTMAX_T if your platform does not have uintmax_t
+AC_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t,
+[NO_UINTMAX_T=],
+[NO_UINTMAX_T=YesPlease],[
+#include <inttypes.h>
+])
+AC_SUBST(NO_UINTMAX_T)
+#
+# Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have strtoumax in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtoumax,
+[NO_STRTOUMAX=],
+[NO_STRTOUMAX=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOUMAX)
+#
+# Define NO_SETENV if you don't have setenv in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(setenv,
+[NO_SETENV=],
+[NO_SETENV=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_SETENV)
+#
+# Define NO_UNSETENV if you don't have unsetenv in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(unsetenv,
+[NO_UNSETENV=],
+[NO_UNSETENV=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_UNSETENV)
+#
+# Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkdtemp,
+[NO_MKDTEMP=],
+[NO_MKDTEMP=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_MKDTEMP)
+#
+# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkstemps,
+[NO_MKSTEMPS=],
+[NO_MKSTEMPS=YesPlease])
+AC_SUBST(NO_MKSTEMPS)
+#
+#
+# Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
+#
+# Define NO_ICONV if your libc does not properly support iconv.
+
+
+## Other checks.
+# Define USE_PIC if you need the main git objects to be built with -fPIC
+# in order to build and link perl/Git.so.  x86-64 seems to need this.
+#
+# Define NO_SYMLINK_HEAD if you never want .git/HEAD to be a symbolic link.
+# Enable it on Windows.  By default, symrefs are still used.
+#
+# Define NO_PTHREADS if we do not have pthreads.
+#
+# Define PTHREAD_LIBS to the linker flag used for Pthread support.
+AC_DEFUN([PTHREADTEST_SRC], [
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	pthread_mutex_t test_mutex;
+	return (0);
+}
+])
+
+dnl AC_LANG_CONFTEST([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+dnl   [[#include <pthread.h>]],
+dnl   [[pthread_mutex_t test_mutex;]]
+dnl )])
+
+NO_PTHREADS=UnfortunatelyYes
+PTHREAD_LIBS=
+
+if test -n "$USER_NOPTHREAD"; then
+   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Skipping POSIX Threads at user request.])
+# handle these separately since PTHREAD_CFLAGS could be '-lpthreads
+# -D_REENTRANT' or some such.
+elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
+  for opt in -pthread -lpthread; do
+     old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+     CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS"
+     AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
+     AC_LINK_IFELSE(PTHREADTEST_SRC,
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+		NO_PTHREADS=
+		PTHREAD_LIBS="$opt"
+		break
+	],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+      CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
+  done
+else
+  old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+  CFLAGS="$PTHREAD_CFLAGS $CFLAGS"
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
+  AC_LINK_IFELSE(PTHREADTEST_SRC,
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+		NO_PTHREADS=
+		PTHREAD_LIBS="$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+	],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+
+  CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
+fi
+
+CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
+
+AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
+AC_SUBST(NO_PTHREADS)
+
+## Output files
+AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}":"${config_append}"])
+AC_OUTPUT
+
+
+## Cleanup
+rm -f "${config_append}"
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20054e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+static char *server_capabilities;
+
+static int check_ref(const char *name, int len, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	if (!flags)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (len < 5 || memcmp(name, "refs/", 5))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Skip the "refs/" part */
+	name += 5;
+	len -= 5;
+
+	/* REF_NORMAL means that we don't want the magic fake tag refs */
+	if ((flags & REF_NORMAL) && check_ref_format(name) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* REF_HEADS means that we want regular branch heads */
+	if ((flags & REF_HEADS) && !memcmp(name, "heads/", 6))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* REF_TAGS means that we want tags */
+	if ((flags & REF_TAGS) && !memcmp(name, "tags/", 5))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* All type bits clear means that we are ok with anything */
+	return !(flags & ~REF_NORMAL);
+}
+
+int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags)
+{
+	return check_ref(ref->name, strlen(ref->name), flags);
+}
+
+static void add_extra_have(struct extra_have_objects *extra, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(extra->array, extra->nr + 1, extra->alloc);
+	hashcpy(&(extra->array[extra->nr][0]), sha1);
+	extra->nr++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read all the refs from the other end
+ */
+struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
+			      int nr_match, char **match,
+			      unsigned int flags,
+			      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
+{
+	*list = NULL;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct ref *ref;
+		unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+		static char buffer[1000];
+		char *name;
+		int len, name_len;
+
+		len = packet_read_line(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (buffer[len-1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = 0;
+
+		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buffer, "ERR "))
+			die("remote error: %s", buffer + 4);
+
+		if (len < 42 || get_sha1_hex(buffer, old_sha1) || buffer[40] != ' ')
+			die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got '%s'", buffer);
+		name = buffer + 41;
+
+		name_len = strlen(name);
+		if (len != name_len + 41) {
+			free(server_capabilities);
+			server_capabilities = xstrdup(name + name_len + 1);
+		}
+
+		if (extra_have &&
+		    name_len == 5 && !memcmp(".have", name, 5)) {
+			add_extra_have(extra_have, old_sha1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!check_ref(name, name_len, flags))
+			continue;
+		if (nr_match && !path_match(name, nr_match, match))
+			continue;
+		ref = alloc_ref(buffer + 41);
+		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+		*list = ref;
+		list = &ref->next;
+	}
+	return list;
+}
+
+int server_supports(const char *feature)
+{
+	return server_capabilities &&
+		strstr(server_capabilities, feature) != NULL;
+}
+
+int path_match(const char *path, int nr, char **match)
+{
+	int i;
+	int pathlen = strlen(path);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		char *s = match[i];
+		int len = strlen(s);
+
+		if (!len || len > pathlen)
+			continue;
+		if (memcmp(path + pathlen - len, s, len))
+			continue;
+		if (pathlen > len && path[pathlen - len - 1] != '/')
+			continue;
+		*s = 0;
+		return (i + 1);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum protocol {
+	PROTO_LOCAL = 1,
+	PROTO_SSH,
+	PROTO_GIT,
+};
+
+static enum protocol get_protocol(const char *name)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh"))
+		return PROTO_SSH;
+	if (!strcmp(name, "git"))
+		return PROTO_GIT;
+	if (!strcmp(name, "git+ssh"))
+		return PROTO_SSH;
+	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh+git"))
+		return PROTO_SSH;
+	if (!strcmp(name, "file"))
+		return PROTO_LOCAL;
+	die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
+}
+
+#define STR_(s)	# s
+#define STR(s)	STR_(s)
+
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+
+static const char *ai_name(const struct addrinfo *ai)
+{
+	static char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
+	if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0,
+			NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
+		strcpy(addr, "(unknown)");
+
+	return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a connected socket() fd, or else die()s.
+ */
+static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
+{
+	int sockfd = -1, saved_errno = 0;
+	char *colon, *end;
+	const char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT);
+	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
+	int gai;
+	int cnt = 0;
+
+	if (host[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			*end = 0;
+			end++;
+			host++;
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+	colon = strchr(end, ':');
+
+	if (colon) {
+		*colon = 0;
+		port = colon + 1;
+		if (!*port)
+			port = "<none>";
+	}
+
+	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+
+	if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Looking up %s ... ", host);
+
+	gai = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &ai);
+	if (gai)
+		die("Unable to look up %s (port %s) (%s)", host, port, gai_strerror(gai));
+
+	if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done.\nConnecting to %s (port %s) ... ", host, port);
+
+	for (ai0 = ai; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
+		sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family,
+				ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
+		if (sockfd < 0) {
+			saved_errno = errno;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (connect(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
+			saved_errno = errno;
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s[%d: %s]: errno=%s\n",
+				host,
+				cnt,
+				ai_name(ai),
+				strerror(saved_errno));
+			close(sockfd);
+			sockfd = -1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s ", ai_name(ai));
+		break;
+	}
+
+	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
+
+	if (sockfd < 0)
+		die("unable to connect a socket (%s)", strerror(saved_errno));
+
+	if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
+
+	return sockfd;
+}
+
+#else /* NO_IPV6 */
+
+/*
+ * Returns a connected socket() fd, or else die()s.
+ */
+static int git_tcp_connect_sock(char *host, int flags)
+{
+	int sockfd = -1, saved_errno = 0;
+	char *colon, *end;
+	char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT), *ep;
+	struct hostent *he;
+	struct sockaddr_in sa;
+	char **ap;
+	unsigned int nport;
+	int cnt;
+
+	if (host[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			*end = 0;
+			end++;
+			host++;
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+	colon = strchr(end, ':');
+
+	if (colon) {
+		*colon = 0;
+		port = colon + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Looking up %s ... ", host);
+
+	he = gethostbyname(host);
+	if (!he)
+		die("Unable to look up %s (%s)", host, hstrerror(h_errno));
+	nport = strtoul(port, &ep, 10);
+	if ( ep == port || *ep ) {
+		/* Not numeric */
+		struct servent *se = getservbyname(port,"tcp");
+		if ( !se )
+			die("Unknown port %s", port);
+		nport = se->s_port;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done.\nConnecting to %s (port %s) ... ", host, port);
+
+	for (cnt = 0, ap = he->h_addr_list; *ap; ap++, cnt++) {
+		sockfd = socket(he->h_addrtype, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+		if (sockfd < 0) {
+			saved_errno = errno;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
+		sa.sin_family = he->h_addrtype;
+		sa.sin_port = htons(nport);
+		memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, *ap, he->h_length);
+
+		if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof sa) < 0) {
+			saved_errno = errno;
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s[%d: %s]: errno=%s\n",
+				host,
+				cnt,
+				inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&sa.sin_addr),
+				strerror(saved_errno));
+			close(sockfd);
+			sockfd = -1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s ",
+				inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&sa.sin_addr));
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (sockfd < 0)
+		die("unable to connect a socket (%s)", strerror(saved_errno));
+
+	if (flags & CONNECT_VERBOSE)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
+
+	return sockfd;
+}
+
+#endif /* NO_IPV6 */
+
+
+static void git_tcp_connect(int fd[2], char *host, int flags)
+{
+	int sockfd = git_tcp_connect_sock(host, flags);
+
+	fd[0] = sockfd;
+	fd[1] = dup(sockfd);
+}
+
+
+static char *git_proxy_command;
+
+static int git_proxy_command_options(const char *var, const char *value,
+		void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.gitproxy")) {
+		const char *for_pos;
+		int matchlen = -1;
+		int hostlen;
+		const char *rhost_name = cb;
+		int rhost_len = strlen(rhost_name);
+
+		if (git_proxy_command)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		/* [core]
+		 * ;# matches www.kernel.org as well
+		 * gitproxy = netcatter-1 for kernel.org
+		 * gitproxy = netcatter-2 for sample.xz
+		 * gitproxy = netcatter-default
+		 */
+		for_pos = strstr(value, " for ");
+		if (!for_pos)
+			/* matches everybody */
+			matchlen = strlen(value);
+		else {
+			hostlen = strlen(for_pos + 5);
+			if (rhost_len < hostlen)
+				matchlen = -1;
+			else if (!strncmp(for_pos + 5,
+					  rhost_name + rhost_len - hostlen,
+					  hostlen) &&
+				 ((rhost_len == hostlen) ||
+				  rhost_name[rhost_len - hostlen -1] == '.'))
+				matchlen = for_pos - value;
+			else
+				matchlen = -1;
+		}
+		if (0 <= matchlen) {
+			/* core.gitproxy = none for kernel.org */
+			if (matchlen == 4 &&
+			    !memcmp(value, "none", 4))
+				matchlen = 0;
+			git_proxy_command = xmemdupz(value, matchlen);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int git_use_proxy(const char *host)
+{
+	git_proxy_command = getenv("GIT_PROXY_COMMAND");
+	git_config(git_proxy_command_options, (void*)host);
+	return (git_proxy_command && *git_proxy_command);
+}
+
+static void git_proxy_connect(int fd[2], char *host)
+{
+	const char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT);
+	char *colon, *end;
+	const char *argv[4];
+	struct child_process proxy;
+
+	if (host[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			*end = 0;
+			end++;
+			host++;
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+	colon = strchr(end, ':');
+
+	if (colon) {
+		*colon = 0;
+		port = colon + 1;
+	}
+
+	argv[0] = git_proxy_command;
+	argv[1] = host;
+	argv[2] = port;
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+	memset(&proxy, 0, sizeof(proxy));
+	proxy.argv = argv;
+	proxy.in = -1;
+	proxy.out = -1;
+	if (start_command(&proxy))
+		die("cannot start proxy %s", argv[0]);
+	fd[0] = proxy.out; /* read from proxy stdout */
+	fd[1] = proxy.in;  /* write to proxy stdin */
+}
+
+#define MAX_CMD_LEN 1024
+
+static char *get_port(char *host)
+{
+	char *end;
+	char *p = strchr(host, ':');
+
+	if (p) {
+		long port = strtol(p + 1, &end, 10);
+		if (end != p + 1 && *end == '\0' && 0 <= port && port < 65536) {
+			*p = '\0';
+			return p+1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct child_process no_fork;
+
+/*
+ * This returns a dummy child_process if the transport protocol does not
+ * need fork(2), or a struct child_process object if it does.  Once done,
+ * finish the connection with finish_connect() with the value returned from
+ * this function (it is safe to call finish_connect() with NULL to support
+ * the former case).
+ *
+ * If it returns, the connect is successful; it just dies on errors (this
+ * will hopefully be changed in a libification effort, to return NULL when
+ * the connection failed).
+ */
+struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
+				  const char *prog, int flags)
+{
+	char *url = xstrdup(url_orig);
+	char *host, *path;
+	char *end;
+	int c;
+	struct child_process *conn;
+	enum protocol protocol = PROTO_LOCAL;
+	int free_path = 0;
+	char *port = NULL;
+	const char **arg;
+	struct strbuf cmd;
+
+	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
+	 * what happened to our children.
+	 */
+	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
+
+	host = strstr(url, "://");
+	if (host) {
+		*host = '\0';
+		protocol = get_protocol(url);
+		host += 3;
+		c = '/';
+	} else {
+		host = url;
+		c = ':';
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't do destructive transforms with git:// as that
+	 * protocol code does '[]' dewrapping of its own.
+	 */
+	if (host[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			if (protocol != PROTO_GIT) {
+				*end = 0;
+				host++;
+			}
+			end++;
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+
+	path = strchr(end, c);
+	if (path && !has_dos_drive_prefix(end)) {
+		if (c == ':') {
+			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
+			*path++ = '\0';
+		}
+	} else
+		path = end;
+
+	if (!path || !*path)
+		die("No path specified. See 'man git-pull' for valid url syntax");
+
+	/*
+	 * null-terminate hostname and point path to ~ for URL's like this:
+	 *    ssh://host.xz/~user/repo
+	 */
+	if (protocol != PROTO_LOCAL && host != url) {
+		char *ptr = path;
+		if (path[1] == '~')
+			path++;
+		else {
+			path = xstrdup(ptr);
+			free_path = 1;
+		}
+
+		*ptr = '\0';
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Add support for ssh port: ssh://host.xy:<port>/...
+	 */
+	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH && host != url)
+		port = get_port(host);
+
+	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
+		/* These underlying connection commands die() if they
+		 * cannot connect.
+		 */
+		char *target_host = xstrdup(host);
+		if (git_use_proxy(host))
+			git_proxy_connect(fd, host);
+		else
+			git_tcp_connect(fd, host, flags);
+		/*
+		 * Separate original protocol components prog and path
+		 * from extended host header with a NUL byte.
+		 *
+		 * Note: Do not add any other headers here!  Doing so
+		 * will cause older git-daemon servers to crash.
+		 */
+		packet_write(fd[1],
+			     "%s %s%chost=%s%c",
+			     prog, path, 0,
+			     target_host, 0);
+		free(target_host);
+		free(url);
+		if (free_path)
+			free(path);
+		return &no_fork;
+	}
+
+	conn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
+
+	strbuf_init(&cmd, MAX_CMD_LEN);
+	strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
+	strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
+	sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
+	if (cmd.len >= MAX_CMD_LEN)
+		die("command line too long");
+
+	conn->in = conn->out = -1;
+	conn->argv = arg = xcalloc(7, sizeof(*arg));
+	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
+		const char *ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
+		int putty = ssh && strcasestr(ssh, "plink");
+		if (!ssh) ssh = "ssh";
+
+		*arg++ = ssh;
+		if (putty && !strcasestr(ssh, "tortoiseplink"))
+			*arg++ = "-batch";
+		if (port) {
+			/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
+			*arg++ = putty ? "-P" : "-p";
+			*arg++ = port;
+		}
+		*arg++ = host;
+	}
+	else {
+		/* remove these from the environment */
+		const char *env[] = {
+			ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT,
+			DB_ENVIRONMENT,
+			GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+			GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+			GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT,
+			INDEX_ENVIRONMENT,
+			NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT,
+			NULL
+		};
+		conn->env = env;
+		conn->use_shell = 1;
+	}
+	*arg++ = cmd.buf;
+	*arg = NULL;
+
+	if (start_command(conn))
+		die("unable to fork");
+
+	fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
+	fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	free(url);
+	if (free_path)
+		free(path);
+	return conn;
+}
+
+int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn)
+{
+	int code;
+	if (!conn || conn == &no_fork)
+		return 0;
+
+	code = finish_command(conn);
+	free(conn->argv);
+	free(conn);
+	return code;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/README b/contrib/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05f291c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/README
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Contributed Software
+
+Although these pieces are available as part of the official git
+source tree, they are in somewhat different status.  The
+intention is to keep interesting tools around git here, maybe
+even experimental ones, to give users an easier access to them,
+and to give tools wider exposure, so that they can be improved
+faster.
+
+I am not expecting to touch these myself that much.  As far as
+my day-to-day operation is concerned, these subdirectories are
+owned by their respective primary authors.  I am willing to help
+if users of these components and the contrib/ subtree "owners"
+have technical/design issues to resolve, but the initiative to
+fix and/or enhance things _must_ be on the side of the subtree
+owners.  IOW, I won't be actively looking for bugs and rooms for
+enhancements in them as the git maintainer -- I may only do so
+just as one of the users when I want to scratch my own itch.  If
+you have patches to things in contrib/ area, the patch should be
+first sent to the primary author, and then the primary author
+should ack and forward it to me (git pull request is nicer).
+This is the same way as how I have been treating gitk, and to a
+lesser degree various foreign SCM interfaces, so you know the
+drill.
+
+I expect that things that start their life in the contrib/ area
+to graduate out of contrib/ once they mature, either by becoming
+projects on their own, or moving to the toplevel directory.  On
+the other hand, I expect I'll be proposing removal of disused
+and inactive ones from time to time.
+
+If you have new things to add to this area, please first propose
+it on the git mailing list, and after a list discussion proves
+there are some general interests (it does not have to be a
+list-wide consensus for a tool targeted to a relatively narrow
+audience -- for example I do not work with projects whose
+upstream is svn, so I have no use for git-svn myself, but it is
+of general interest for people who need to interoperate with SVN
+repositories in a way git-svn works better than git-svnimport),
+submit a patch to create a subdirectory of contrib/ and put your
+stuff there.
+
+-jc
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/README b/contrib/blameview/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fada5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/blameview/README
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+This is a sample program to use 'git-blame --incremental', based
+on this message.
+
+From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
+Subject: Re: More precise tag following
+To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
+Cc: git@vger.kernel.org
+Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2007 18:52:38 -0500
+Message-ID: <20070127235238.GA28706@coredump.intra.peff.net>
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl b/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1dec001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use Gtk2 -init;
+use Gtk2::SimpleList;
+
+my $hash;
+my $fn;
+if ( @ARGV == 1 ) {
+	$hash = "HEAD";
+	$fn = shift;
+} elsif ( @ARGV == 2 ) {
+	$hash = shift;
+	$fn = shift;
+} else {
+	die "Usage blameview [<rev>] <filename>";
+}
+
+Gtk2::Rc->parse_string(<<'EOS');
+style "treeview_style"
+{
+  GtkTreeView::vertical-separator = 0
+}
+class "GtkTreeView" style "treeview_style"
+EOS
+
+my $window = Gtk2::Window->new('toplevel');
+$window->signal_connect(destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit });
+my $vpan = Gtk2::VPaned->new();
+$window->add($vpan);
+my $scrolled_window = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new;
+$vpan->pack1($scrolled_window, 1, 1);
+my $fileview = Gtk2::SimpleList->new(
+    'Commit' => 'text',
+    'FileLine' => 'text',
+    'Data' => 'text'
+);
+$scrolled_window->add($fileview);
+$fileview->get_column(0)->set_spacing(0);
+$fileview->set_size_request(1024, 768);
+$fileview->set_rules_hint(1);
+$fileview->signal_connect (row_activated => sub {
+		my ($sl, $path, $column) = @_;
+		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
+		system("blameview @$row_ref[0]~1 $fn &");
+		});
+
+my $commitwindow = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new();
+$commitwindow->set_policy ('GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC','GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC');
+$vpan->pack2($commitwindow, 1, 1);
+my $commit_text = Gtk2::TextView->new();
+my $commit_buffer = Gtk2::TextBuffer->new();
+$commit_text->set_buffer($commit_buffer);
+$commitwindow->add($commit_text);
+
+$fileview->signal_connect (cursor_changed => sub {
+		my ($sl) = @_;
+		my ($path, $focus_column) = $sl->get_cursor();
+		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
+		my $c_fh;
+		open($c_fh,  '-|', "git cat-file commit @$row_ref[0]")
+					or die "unable to find commit @$row_ref[0]";
+		my @buffer = <$c_fh>;
+		$commit_buffer->set_text("@buffer");
+		close($c_fh);
+		});
+
+my $fh;
+open($fh, '-|', "git cat-file blob $hash:$fn")
+  or die "unable to open $fn: $!";
+
+while(<$fh>) {
+  chomp;
+  $fileview->{data}->[$.] = ['HEAD', "$fn:$.", $_];
+}
+
+my $blame;
+open($blame, '-|', qw(git blame --incremental --), $fn, $hash)
+    or die "cannot start git-blame $fn";
+
+Glib::IO->add_watch(fileno($blame), 'in', \&read_blame_line);
+
+$window->show_all;
+Gtk2->main;
+exit 0;
+
+my %commitinfo = ();
+
+sub flush_blame_line {
+	my ($attr) = @_;
+
+	return unless defined $attr;
+
+	my ($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
+	    @{$attr}{qw(COMMIT S_LNO LNO CNT)};
+
+	my ($filename, $author, $author_time, $author_tz) =
+	    @{$commitinfo{$commit}}{qw(FILENAME AUTHOR AUTHOR-TIME AUTHOR-TZ)};
+	my $info = $author . ' ' . format_time($author_time, $author_tz);
+
+	for(my $i = 0; $i < $cnt; $i++) {
+		@{$fileview->{data}->[$lno+$i-1]}[0,1,2] =
+		(substr($commit, 0, 8), $filename . ':' . ($s_lno+$i));
+	}
+}
+
+my $buf;
+my $current;
+sub read_blame_line {
+
+	my $r = sysread($blame, $buf, 1024, length($buf));
+	die "I/O error" unless defined $r;
+
+	if ($r == 0) {
+		flush_blame_line($current);
+		$current = undef;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	while ($buf =~ s/([^\n]*)\n//) {
+		my $line = $1;
+
+		if (($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
+		    ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+)$/)) {
+			flush_blame_line($current);
+			$current = +{
+				COMMIT => $1,
+				S_LNO => $2,
+				LNO => $3,
+				CNT => $4,
+			};
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# extended attribute values
+		if ($line =~ /^(author|author-mail|author-time|author-tz|committer|committer-mail|committer-time|committer-tz|summary|filename) (.*)$/) {
+			my $commit = $current->{COMMIT};
+			$commitinfo{$commit}{uc($1)} = $2;
+			next;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub format_time {
+  my $time = shift;
+  my $tz = shift;
+
+  my $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$tz : $tz;
+  $minutes = ($minutes / 100)*60 + ($minutes % 100);
+  $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$minutes : $minutes;
+  $time += $minutes * 60;
+  my @t = gmtime($time);
+  return sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s',
+		 $t[5] + 1900, @t[4,3,2,1,0], $tz);
+}
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators.pm b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..408ef71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package Generators;
+require Exporter;
+
+use strict;
+use File::Basename;
+no strict 'refs';
+use vars qw($VERSION @AVAILABLE);
+
+our $VERSION = '1.00';
+our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, @AVAILABLE);
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+BEGIN {
+    local(*D);
+    my $me = $INC{"Generators.pm"};
+    die "Couldn't find myself in \@INC, which is required to load the generators!" if ("$me" eq "");
+    $me = dirname($me);
+    if (opendir(D,"$me/Generators")) {
+        foreach my $gen (readdir(D)) {
+            next if ($gen  =~ /^\.\.?$/);
+            require "${me}/Generators/$gen";
+            $gen =~ s,\.pm,,;
+            push(@AVAILABLE, $gen);
+        }
+        closedir(D);
+        my $gens = join(', ', @AVAILABLE);
+    }
+
+    push @EXPORT_OK, qw(available);
+}
+
+sub available {
+    return @AVAILABLE;
+}
+
+sub generate {
+    my ($gen, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    return eval("Generators::${gen}::generate(\$git_dir, \$out_dir, \$rel_dir, \%build_structure)") if grep(/^$gen$/, @AVAILABLE);
+    die "Generator \"${gen}\" is not available!\nAvailable generators are: @AVAILABLE\n";
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/QMake.pm b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/QMake.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff3b657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/QMake.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package Generators::QMake;
+require Exporter;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+
+our $VERSION = '1.00';
+our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, @AVAILABLE);
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+BEGIN {
+    push @EXPORT_OK, qw(generate);
+}
+
+sub generate {
+    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+
+    my @libs = @{$build_structure{"LIBS"}};
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        createLibProject($_, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure);
+    }
+
+    my @apps = @{$build_structure{"APPS"}};
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        createAppProject($_, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure);
+    }
+
+    createGlueProject($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub createLibProject {
+    my ($libname, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    print "Generate $libname lib project\n";
+    $rel_dir = "../$rel_dir";
+
+    my $sources = join(" \\\n\t", sort(map("$rel_dir/$_", @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_SOURCES"}})));
+    my $defines = join(" \\\n\t", sort(@{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_DEFINES"}}));
+    my $includes= join(" \\\n\t", sort(map("$rel_dir/$_", @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_INCLUDES"}})));
+    my $cflags  = join(" ", sort(@{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_CFLAGS"}}));
+
+    my $cflags_debug = $cflags;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-MT/-MTd/;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-O.//;
+
+    my $cflags_release = $cflags;
+    $cflags_release =~ s/-MTd/-MT/;
+
+    my @tmp  = @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_LFLAGS"}};
+    my @tmp2 = ();
+    foreach (@tmp) {
+        if (/^-LTCG/) {
+        } elsif (/^-L/) {
+            $_ =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:$rel_dir\//;
+        }
+        push(@tmp2, $_);
+    }
+    my $lflags = join(" ", sort(@tmp));
+
+    my $target = $libname;
+    $target =~ s/\//_/g;
+    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
+    $defines =~ s/"/\\\\"/g;
+    $includes =~ s/-I//g;
+    mkdir "$target" || die "Could not create the directory $target for lib project!\n";
+    open F, ">$target/$target.pro" || die "Could not open $target/$target.pro for writing!\n";
+    print F << "EOM";
+TEMPLATE = lib
+TARGET = $target
+DESTDIR = $rel_dir
+
+CONFIG -= qt
+CONFIG += static
+
+QMAKE_CFLAGS =
+QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE = $cflags_release
+QMAKE_CFLAGS_DEBUG = $cflags_debug
+QMAKE_LIBFLAGS = $lflags
+
+DEFINES += \\
+        $defines
+
+INCLUDEPATH += \\
+        $includes
+
+SOURCES += \\
+        $sources
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+sub createAppProject {
+    my ($appname, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    print "Generate $appname app project\n";
+    $rel_dir = "../$rel_dir";
+
+    my $sources = join(" \\\n\t", sort(map("$rel_dir/$_", @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_SOURCES"}})));
+    my $defines = join(" \\\n\t", sort(@{$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_DEFINES"}}));
+    my $includes= join(" \\\n\t", sort(map("$rel_dir/$_", @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_INCLUDES"}})));
+    my $cflags  = join(" ", sort(@{$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_CFLAGS"}}));
+
+    my $cflags_debug = $cflags;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-MT/-MTd/;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-O.//;
+
+    my $cflags_release = $cflags;
+    $cflags_release =~ s/-MTd/-MT/;
+
+    my $libs;
+    foreach (sort(@{$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_LIBS"}})) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//_/g;
+        $libs .= " $_";
+    }
+    my @tmp  = @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_LFLAGS"}};
+    my @tmp2 = ();
+    foreach (@tmp) {
+        # next if ($_ eq "-NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib");
+        if (/^-LTCG/) {
+        } elsif (/^-L/) {
+            $_ =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:$rel_dir\//;
+        }
+        push(@tmp2, $_);
+    }
+    my $lflags = join(" ", sort(@tmp));
+
+    my $target = $appname;
+    $target =~ s/\.exe//;
+    $target =~ s/\//_/g;
+    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
+    $defines =~ s/"/\\\\"/g;
+    $includes =~ s/-I//g;
+    mkdir "$target" || die "Could not create the directory $target for app project!\n";
+    open F, ">$target/$target.pro" || die "Could not open $target/$target.pro for writing!\n";
+    print F << "EOM";
+TEMPLATE = app
+TARGET = $target
+DESTDIR = $rel_dir
+
+CONFIG -= qt embed_manifest_exe
+CONFIG += console
+
+QMAKE_CFLAGS =
+QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE = $cflags_release
+QMAKE_CFLAGS_DEBUG = $cflags_debug
+QMAKE_LFLAGS = $lflags
+LIBS   = $libs
+
+DEFINES += \\
+        $defines
+
+INCLUDEPATH += \\
+        $includes
+
+win32:QMAKE_LFLAGS += -LIBPATH:$rel_dir
+else: QMAKE_LFLAGS += -L$rel_dir
+
+SOURCES += \\
+        $sources
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+sub createGlueProject {
+    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    my $libs = join(" \\ \n", map("\t$_|$_.pro", @{$build_structure{"LIBS"}}));
+    my $apps = join(" \\ \n", map("\t$_|$_.pro", @{$build_structure{"APPS"}}));
+    $libs =~ s/\.a//g;
+    $libs =~ s/\//_/g;
+    $libs =~ s/\|/\//g;
+    $apps =~ s/\.exe//g;
+    $apps =~ s/\//_/g;
+    $apps =~ s/\|/\//g;
+
+    my $filename = $out_dir;
+    $filename =~ s/.*\/([^\/]+)$/$1/;
+    $filename =~ s/\/$//;
+    print "Generate glue project $filename.pro\n";
+    open F, ">$filename.pro" || die "Could not open $filename.pro for writing!\n";
+    print F << "EOM";
+TEMPLATE = subdirs
+CONFIG += ordered
+SUBDIRS += \\
+$libs \\
+$apps
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcproj.pm b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcproj.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfa74ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/Generators/Vcproj.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+package Generators::Vcproj;
+require Exporter;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+
+our $VERSION = '1.00';
+our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, @AVAILABLE);
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+BEGIN {
+    push @EXPORT_OK, qw(generate);
+}
+
+my $guid_index = 0;
+my @GUIDS = (
+    "{E07B9989-2BF7-4F21-8918-BE22BA467AC3}",
+    "{278FFB51-0296-4A44-A81A-22B87B7C3592}",
+    "{7346A2C4-F0FD-444F-9EBE-1AF23B2B5650}",
+    "{67F421AC-EB34-4D49-820B-3196807B423F}",
+    "{385DCFE1-CC8C-4211-A451-80FCFC31CA51}",
+    "{97CC46C5-D2CC-4D26-B634-E75792B79916}",
+    "{C7CE21FE-6EF8-4012-A5C7-A22BCEDFBA11}",
+    "{51575134-3FDF-42D1-BABD-3FB12669C6C9}",
+    "{0AE195E4-9823-4B87-8E6F-20C5614AF2FF}",
+    "{4B918255-67CA-43BB-A46C-26704B666E6B}",
+    "{18CCFEEF-C8EE-4CC1-A265-26F95C9F4649}",
+    "{5D5D90FA-01B7-4973-AFE5-CA88C53AC197}",
+    "{1F054320-036D-49E1-B384-FB5DF0BC8AC0}",
+    "{7CED65EE-F2D9-4171-825B-C7D561FE5786}",
+    "{8D341679-0F07-4664-9A56-3BA0DE88B9BC}",
+    "{C189FEDC-2957-4BD7-9FA4-7622241EA145}",
+    "{66844203-1B9F-4C53-9274-164FFF95B847}",
+    "{E4FEA145-DECC-440D-AEEA-598CF381FD43}",
+    "{73300A8E-C8AC-41B0-B555-4F596B681BA7}",
+    "{873FDEB1-D01D-40BF-A1BF-8BBC58EC0F51}",
+    "{7922C8BE-76C5-4AC6-8BF7-885C0F93B782}",
+    "{E245D370-308B-4A49-BFC1-1E527827975F}",
+    "{F6FA957B-66FC-4ED7-B260-E59BBE4FE813}",
+    "{E6055070-0198-431A-BC49-8DB6CEE770AE}",
+    "{54159234-C3EB-43DA-906B-CE5DA5C74654}",
+    "{594CFC35-0B60-46F6-B8EF-9983ACC1187D}",
+    "{D93FCAB7-1F01-48D2-B832-F761B83231A5}",
+    "{DBA5E6AC-E7BE-42D3-8703-4E787141526E}",
+    "{6171953F-DD26-44C7-A3BE-CC45F86FC11F}",
+    "{9E19DDBE-F5E4-4A26-A2FE-0616E04879B8}",
+    "{AE81A615-99E3-4885-9CE0-D9CAA193E867}",
+    "{FBF4067E-1855-4F6C-8BCD-4D62E801A04D}",
+    "{17007948-6593-4AEB-8106-F7884B4F2C19}",
+    "{199D4C8D-8639-4DA6-82EF-08668C35DEE0}",
+    "{E085E50E-C140-4CF3-BE4B-094B14F0DDD6}",
+    "{00785268-A9CC-4E40-AC29-BAC0019159CE}",
+    "{4C06F56A-DCDB-46A6-B67C-02339935CF12}",
+    "{3A62D3FD-519E-4EC9-8171-D2C1BFEA022F}",
+    "{3A62D3FD-519E-4EC9-8171-D2C1BFEA022F}",
+    "{9392EB58-D7BA-410B-B1F0-B2FAA6BC89A7}",
+    "{2ACAB2D5-E0CE-4027-BCA0-D78B2D7A6C66}",
+    "{86E216C3-43CE-481A-BCB2-BE5E62850635}",
+    "{FB631291-7923-4B91-9A57-7B18FDBB7A42}",
+    "{0A176EC9-E934-45B8-B87F-16C7F4C80039}",
+    "{DF55CA80-46E8-4C53-B65B-4990A23DD444}",
+    "{3A0F9895-55D2-4710-BE5E-AD7498B5BF44}",
+    "{294BDC5A-F448-48B6-8110-DD0A81820F8C}",
+    "{4B9F66E9-FAC9-47AB-B1EF-C16756FBFD06}",
+    "{72EA49C6-2806-48BD-B81B-D4905102E19C}",
+    "{5728EB7E-8929-486C-8CD5-3238D060E768}"
+);
+
+sub generate {
+    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    my @libs = @{$build_structure{"LIBS"}};
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        createLibProject($_, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, \%build_structure);
+    }
+
+    my @apps = @{$build_structure{"APPS"}};
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        createAppProject($_, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, \%build_structure);
+    }
+
+    createGlueProject($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub createLibProject {
+    my ($libname, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, $build_structure) = @_;
+    print "Generate $libname vcproj lib project\n";
+    $rel_dir = "..\\$rel_dir";
+    $rel_dir =~ s/\//\\/g;
+
+    my $target = $libname;
+    $target =~ s/\//_/g;
+    $target =~ s/\.a//;
+
+    my $uuid = $GUIDS[$guid_index];
+    $$build_structure{"LIBS_${target}_GUID"} = $uuid;
+    $guid_index += 1;
+
+    my @srcs = sort(map("$rel_dir\\$_", @{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_SOURCES"}}));
+    my @sources;
+    foreach (@srcs) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//\\/g;
+        push(@sources, $_);
+    }
+    my $defines = join(",", sort(@{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_DEFINES"}}));
+    my $includes= join(";", sort(map("&quot;$rel_dir\\$_&quot;", @{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_INCLUDES"}})));
+    my $cflags  = join(" ", sort(@{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_CFLAGS"}}));
+    $cflags =~ s/\"/&quot;/g;
+
+    my $cflags_debug = $cflags;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-MT/-MTd/;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-O.//;
+
+    my $cflags_release = $cflags;
+    $cflags_release =~ s/-MTd/-MT/;
+
+    my @tmp  = @{$$build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_LFLAGS"}};
+    my @tmp2 = ();
+    foreach (@tmp) {
+        if (/^-LTCG/) {
+        } elsif (/^-L/) {
+            $_ =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:$rel_dir\//;
+        }
+        push(@tmp2, $_);
+    }
+    my $lflags = join(" ", sort(@tmp));
+
+    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
+    $defines =~ s/\"/\\&quot;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/\'//g;
+    $includes =~ s/-I//g;
+    mkdir "$target" || die "Could not create the directory $target for lib project!\n";
+    open F, ">$target/$target.vcproj" || die "Could not open $target/$target.pro for writing!\n";
+    binmode F, ":crlf";
+    print F << "EOM";
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding = "Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="9,00"
+	Name="$target"
+	ProjectGUID="$uuid">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<ToolFiles>
+	</ToolFiles>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$rel_dir"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="0"
+			IntermediateDirectory="\$(ProjectDir)\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				AdditionalOptions="$cflags_debug"
+				Optimization="0"
+				InlineFunctionExpansion="1"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories="$includes"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32,_DEBUG,$defines"
+				MinimalRebuild="true"
+				RuntimeLibrary="1"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				ProgramDataBaseFileName="\$(IntDir)\\\$(TargetName).pdb"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				SuppressStartupBanner="true"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$rel_dir"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="0"
+			WholeProgramOptimization="1"
+			IntermediateDirectory="\$(ProjectDir)\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				AdditionalOptions="$cflags_release"
+				Optimization="2"
+				InlineFunctionExpansion="1"
+				EnableIntrinsicFunctions="true"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories="$includes"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32,NDEBUG,$defines"
+				RuntimeLibrary="0"
+				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				ProgramDataBaseFileName="\$(IntDir)\\\$(TargetName).pdb"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				SuppressStartupBanner="true"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+EOM
+    foreach(@sources) {
+        print F << "EOM";
+			<File
+				RelativePath="$_"/>
+EOM
+    }
+    print F << "EOM";
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+sub createAppProject {
+    my ($appname, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, $build_structure) = @_;
+    print "Generate $appname vcproj app project\n";
+    $rel_dir = "..\\$rel_dir";
+    $rel_dir =~ s/\//\\/g;
+
+    my $target = $appname;
+    $target =~ s/\//_/g;
+    $target =~ s/\.exe//;
+
+    my $uuid = $GUIDS[$guid_index];
+    $$build_structure{"APPS_${target}_GUID"} = $uuid;
+    $guid_index += 1;
+
+    my @srcs = sort(map("$rel_dir\\$_", @{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_SOURCES"}}));
+    my @sources;
+    foreach (@srcs) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//\\/g;
+        push(@sources, $_);
+    }
+    my $defines = join(",", sort(@{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_DEFINES"}}));
+    my $includes= join(";", sort(map("&quot;$rel_dir\\$_&quot;", @{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_INCLUDES"}})));
+    my $cflags  = join(" ", sort(@{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_CFLAGS"}}));
+    $cflags =~ s/\"/&quot;/g;
+
+    my $cflags_debug = $cflags;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-MT/-MTd/;
+    $cflags_debug =~ s/-O.//;
+
+    my $cflags_release = $cflags;
+    $cflags_release =~ s/-MTd/-MT/;
+
+    my $libs;
+    foreach (sort(@{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_LIBS"}})) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//_/g;
+        $libs .= " $_";
+    }
+    my @tmp  = @{$$build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_LFLAGS"}};
+    my @tmp2 = ();
+    foreach (@tmp) {
+        if (/^-LTCG/) {
+        } elsif (/^-L/) {
+            $_ =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:$rel_dir\//;
+        }
+        push(@tmp2, $_);
+    }
+    my $lflags = join(" ", sort(@tmp)) . " -LIBPATH:$rel_dir";
+
+    $defines =~ s/-D//g;
+    $defines =~ s/\"/\\&quot;/g;
+    $defines =~ s/\'//g;
+    $defines =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+    $includes =~ s/-I//g;
+    mkdir "$target" || die "Could not create the directory $target for lib project!\n";
+    open F, ">$target/$target.vcproj" || die "Could not open $target/$target.pro for writing!\n";
+    binmode F, ":crlf";
+    print F << "EOM";
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding = "Windows-1252"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="9,00"
+	Name="$target"
+	ProjectGUID="$uuid">
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<ToolFiles>
+	</ToolFiles>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$rel_dir"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="0"
+			IntermediateDirectory="\$(ProjectDir)\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				AdditionalOptions="$cflags_debug"
+				Optimization="0"
+				InlineFunctionExpansion="1"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories="$includes"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32,_DEBUG,$defines"
+				MinimalRebuild="true"
+				RuntimeLibrary="1"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				ProgramDataBaseFileName="\$(IntDir)\\\$(TargetName).pdb"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				AdditionalDependencies="$libs"
+				AdditionalOptions="$lflags"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="true"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				TargetMachine="1"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$rel_dir"
+			ConfigurationType="1"
+			CharacterSet="0"
+			WholeProgramOptimization="1"
+			IntermediateDirectory="\$(ProjectDir)\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				AdditionalOptions="$cflags_release"
+				Optimization="2"
+				InlineFunctionExpansion="1"
+				EnableIntrinsicFunctions="true"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories="$includes"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32,NDEBUG,$defines"
+				RuntimeLibrary="0"
+				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				ProgramDataBaseFileName="\$(IntDir)\\\$(TargetName).pdb"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				AdditionalDependencies="$libs"
+				AdditionalOptions="$lflags"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="true"
+				SubSystem="1"
+				TargetMachine="1"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}">
+EOM
+    foreach(@sources) {
+        print F << "EOM";
+			<File
+				RelativePath="$_"/>
+EOM
+    }
+    print F << "EOM";
+		</Filter>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+sub createGlueProject {
+    my ($git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure) = @_;
+    print "Generate solutions file\n";
+    $rel_dir = "..\\$rel_dir";
+    $rel_dir =~ s/\//\\/g;
+    my $SLN_HEAD = "Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 10.00\n# Visual Studio 2008\n";
+    my $SLN_PRE  = "Project(\"{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}\") = ";
+    my $SLN_POST = "\nEndProject\n";
+
+    my @libs = @{$build_structure{"LIBS"}};
+    my @tmp;
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//_/g;
+        $_ =~ s/\.a//;
+        push(@tmp, $_);
+    }
+    @libs = @tmp;
+
+    my @apps = @{$build_structure{"APPS"}};
+    @tmp = ();
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        $_ =~ s/\//_/g;
+        $_ =~ s/\.exe//;
+        push(@tmp, $_);
+    }
+    @apps = @tmp;
+
+    open F, ">git.sln" || die "Could not open git.sln for writing!\n";
+    binmode F, ":crlf";
+    print F "$SLN_HEAD";
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        my $libname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
+        print F "$SLN_PRE";
+        print F "\"${libname}\", \"${libname}\\${libname}.vcproj\", \"${uuid}\"";
+        print F "$SLN_POST";
+    }
+    my $uuid_libgit = $build_structure{"LIBS_libgit_GUID"};
+    my $uuid_xdiff_lib = $build_structure{"LIBS_xdiff_lib_GUID"};
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        my $appname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_GUID"};
+        print F "$SLN_PRE";
+        print F "\"${appname}\", \"${appname}\\${appname}.vcproj\", \"${uuid}\"\n";
+        print F "	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject\n";
+        print F "		${uuid_libgit} = ${uuid_libgit}\n";
+        print F "		${uuid_xdiff_lib} = ${uuid_xdiff_lib}\n";
+        print F "	EndProjectSection";
+        print F "$SLN_POST";
+    }
+
+    print F << "EOM";
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+EOM
+    print F << "EOM";
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+EOM
+    foreach (@libs) {
+        my $libname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"LIBS_${libname}_GUID"};
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32\n";
+    }
+    foreach (@apps) {
+        my $appname = $_;
+        my $uuid = $build_structure{"APPS_${appname}_GUID"};
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32\n";
+        print F "\t\t${uuid}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32\n";
+    }
+
+    print F << "EOM";
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
+EOM
+    close F;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23da787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+######################################################################
+# Do not call this script directly!
+#
+# The generate script ensures that @INC is correct before the engine
+# is executed.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Marius Storm-Olsen <mstormo@gmail.com>
+######################################################################
+use strict;
+use File::Basename;
+use File::Spec;
+use Cwd;
+use Generators;
+
+my (%build_structure, %compile_options, @makedry);
+my $out_dir = getcwd();
+my $git_dir = $out_dir;
+$git_dir =~ s=\\=/=g;
+$git_dir = dirname($git_dir) while (!-e "$git_dir/git.c" && "$git_dir" ne "");
+die "Couldn't find Git repo" if ("$git_dir" eq "");
+
+my @gens = Generators::available();
+my $gen = "Vcproj";
+
+sub showUsage
+{
+    my $genlist = join(', ', @gens);
+    print << "EOM";
+generate usage:
+  -g <GENERATOR>  --gen <GENERATOR> Specify the buildsystem generator    (default: $gen)
+                                    Available: $genlist
+  -o <PATH>       --out <PATH>      Specify output directory generation  (default: .)
+  -i <FILE>       --in <FILE>       Specify input file, instead of running GNU Make
+  -h,-?           --help            This help
+EOM
+    exit 0;
+}
+
+# Parse command-line options
+while (@ARGV) {
+    my $arg = shift @ARGV;
+    if ("$arg" eq "-h" || "$arg" eq "--help" || "$arg" eq "-?") {
+	showUsage();
+	exit(0);
+    } elsif("$arg" eq "--out" || "$arg" eq "-o") {
+	$out_dir = shift @ARGV;
+    } elsif("$arg" eq "--gen" || "$arg" eq "-g") {
+	$gen = shift @ARGV;
+    } elsif("$arg" eq "--in" || "$arg" eq "-i") {
+	my $infile = shift @ARGV;
+        open(F, "<$infile") || die "Couldn't open file $infile";
+        @makedry = <F>;
+        close(F);
+    }
+}
+
+# NOT using File::Spec->rel2abs($path, $base) here, as
+# it fails badly for me in the msysgit environment
+$git_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($git_dir);
+$out_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($out_dir);
+my $rel_dir = makeOutRel2Git($git_dir, $out_dir);
+
+# Print some information so the user feels informed
+print << "EOM";
+-----
+Generator: $gen
+Git dir:   $git_dir
+Out dir:   $out_dir
+-----
+Running GNU Make to figure out build structure...
+EOM
+
+# Pipe a make --dry-run into a variable, if not already loaded from file
+@makedry = `cd $git_dir && make -n MSVC=1 V=1 2>/dev/null` if !@makedry;
+
+# Parse the make output into usable info
+parseMakeOutput();
+
+# Finally, ask the generator to start generating..
+Generators::generate($gen, $git_dir, $out_dir, $rel_dir, %build_structure);
+
+# main flow ends here
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# 1) path: /foo/bar/baz        2) path: /foo/bar/baz   3) path: /foo/bar/baz
+#    base: /foo/bar/baz/temp      base: /foo/bar          base: /tmp
+#    rel:  ..                     rel:  baz               rel:  ../foo/bar/baz
+sub makeOutRel2Git
+{
+    my ($path, $base) = @_;
+    my $rel;
+    if ("$path" eq "$base") {
+        return ".";
+    } elsif ($base =~ /^$path/) {
+        # case 1
+        my $tmp = $base;
+        $tmp =~ s/^$path//;
+        foreach (split('/', $tmp)) {
+            $rel .= "../" if ("$_" ne "");
+        }
+    } elsif ($path =~ /^$base/) {
+        # case 2
+        $rel = $path;
+        $rel =~ s/^$base//;
+        $rel = "./$rel";
+    } else {
+        my $tmp = $base;
+        foreach (split('/', $tmp)) {
+            $rel .= "../" if ("$_" ne "");
+        }
+        $rel .= $path;
+    }
+    $rel =~ s/\/\//\//g; # simplify
+    $rel =~ s/\/$//;     # don't end with /
+    return $rel;
+}
+
+sub parseMakeOutput
+{
+    print "Parsing GNU Make output to figure out build structure...\n";
+    my $line = 0;
+    while (my $text = shift @makedry) {
+        my $ate_next;
+        do {
+            $ate_next = 0;
+            $line++;
+            chomp $text;
+            chop $text if ($text =~ /\r$/);
+            if ($text =~ /\\$/) {
+                $text =~ s/\\$//;
+                $text .= shift @makedry;
+                $ate_next = 1;
+            }
+        } while($ate_next);
+
+        if ($text =~ /^test /) {
+            # options to test (eg -o) may be mistaken for linker options
+            next;
+        }
+
+        if($text =~ / -c /) {
+            # compilation
+            handleCompileLine($text, $line);
+
+        } elsif ($text =~ / -o /) {
+            # linking executable
+            handleLinkLine($text, $line);
+
+        } elsif ($text =~ /\.o / && $text =~ /\.a /) {
+            # libifying
+            handleLibLine($text, $line);
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^cp /) {
+#            # copy file around
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^rm -f /) {
+#            # shell command
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^make[ \[]/) {
+#            # make output
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^echo /) {
+#            # echo to file
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^if /) {
+#            # shell conditional
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^tclsh /) {
+#            # translation stuff
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^umask /) {
+#            # handling boilerplates
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /\$\(\:\)/) {
+#            # ignore
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^FLAGS=/) {
+#            # flags check for dependencies
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /^'\/usr\/bin\/perl' -MError -e/) {
+#            # perl commands for copying files
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /generate-cmdlist\.sh/) {
+#            # command for generating list of commands
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /new locations or Tcl/) {
+#            # command for detecting Tcl/Tk changes
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /mkdir -p/) {
+#            # command creating path
+#
+#        } elsif ($text =~ /: no custom templates yet/) {
+#            # whatever
+#
+#        } else {
+#            print "Unhandled (line: $line): $text\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+#    use Data::Dumper;
+#    print "Parsed build structure:\n";
+#    print Dumper(%build_structure);
+}
+
+# variables for the compilation part of each step
+my (@defines, @incpaths, @cflags, @sources);
+
+sub clearCompileStep
+{
+    @defines = ();
+    @incpaths = ();
+    @cflags = ();
+    @sources = ();
+}
+
+sub removeDuplicates
+{
+    my (%dupHash, $entry);
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @defines;
+    @defines = keys %dupHash;
+
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @incpaths;
+    @incpaths = keys %dupHash;
+
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @cflags;
+    @cflags = keys %dupHash;
+}
+
+sub handleCompileLine
+{
+    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
+    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    my $sourcefile;
+    shift(@parts); # ignore cmd
+    while (my $part = shift @parts) {
+        if ("$part" eq "-o") {
+            # ignore object file
+            shift @parts;
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-c") {
+            # ignore compile flag
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-c") {
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^.?-I/) {
+            push(@incpaths, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^.?-D/) {
+            push(@defines, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^-/) {
+            push(@cflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(c|cc|cpp)$/) {
+            $sourcefile = $part;
+        } else {
+            die "Unhandled compiler option @ line $lineno: $part";
+        }
+    }
+    @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_CFLAGS"}} = @cflags;
+    @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_DEFINES"}} = @defines;
+    @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_INCPATHS"}} = @incpaths;
+    clearCompileStep();
+}
+
+sub handleLibLine
+{
+    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
+    my (@objfiles, @lflags, $libout, $part);
+    # kill cmd and rm 'prefix'
+    $line =~ s/^rm -f .* && .* rcs //;
+    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    while ($part = shift @parts) {
+        if ($part =~ /^-/) {
+            push(@lflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(o|obj)$/) {
+            push(@objfiles, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(a|lib)$/) {
+            $libout = $part;
+            $libout =~ s/\.a$//;
+        } else {
+            die "Unhandled lib option @ line $lineno: $part";
+        }
+    }
+#    print "LibOut: '$libout'\nLFlags: @lflags\nOfiles: @objfiles\n";
+#    exit(1);
+    foreach (@objfiles) {
+        my $sourcefile = $_;
+        $sourcefile =~ s/\.o/.c/;
+        push(@sources, $sourcefile);
+        push(@cflags, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_CFLAGS"}});
+        push(@defines, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_DEFINES"}});
+        push(@incpaths, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_INCPATHS"}});
+    }
+    removeDuplicates();
+
+    push(@{$build_structure{"LIBS"}}, $libout);
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}"}} = ("_DEFINES", "_INCLUDES", "_CFLAGS", "_SOURCES",
+                                             "_OBJECTS");
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_DEFINES"}} = @defines;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_INCLUDES"}} = @incpaths;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_CFLAGS"}} = @cflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_LFLAGS"}} = @lflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_SOURCES"}} = @sources;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_OBJECTS"}} = @objfiles;
+    clearCompileStep();
+}
+
+sub handleLinkLine
+{
+    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
+    my (@objfiles, @lflags, @libs, $appout, $part);
+    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    shift(@parts); # ignore cmd
+    while ($part = shift @parts) {
+        if ($part =~ /^-IGNORE/) {
+            push(@lflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^-[GRIMDO]/) {
+            # eat compiler flags
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-o") {
+            $appout = shift @parts;
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lz") {
+            push(@libs, "zlib.lib");
+	} elsif ("$part" eq "-lcrypto") {
+            push(@libs, "libeay32.lib");
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-lssl") {
+            push(@libs, "ssleay32.lib");
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^-/) {
+            push(@lflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(a|lib)$/) {
+            $part =~ s/\.a$/.lib/;
+            push(@libs, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(o|obj)$/) {
+            push(@objfiles, $part);
+        } else {
+            die "Unhandled lib option @ line $lineno: $part";
+        }
+    }
+#    print "AppOut: '$appout'\nLFlags: @lflags\nLibs  : @libs\nOfiles: @objfiles\n";
+#    exit(1);
+    foreach (@objfiles) {
+        my $sourcefile = $_;
+        $sourcefile =~ s/\.o/.c/;
+        push(@sources, $sourcefile);
+        push(@cflags, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_CFLAGS"}});
+        push(@defines, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_DEFINES"}});
+        push(@incpaths, @{$compile_options{"${sourcefile}_INCPATHS"}});
+    }
+    removeDuplicates();
+
+    removeDuplicates();
+    push(@{$build_structure{"APPS"}}, $appout);
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}"}} = ("_DEFINES", "_INCLUDES", "_CFLAGS", "_LFLAGS",
+                                             "_SOURCES", "_OBJECTS", "_LIBS");
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_DEFINES"}} = @defines;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_INCLUDES"}} = @incpaths;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_CFLAGS"}} = @cflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_LFLAGS"}} = @lflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_SOURCES"}} = @sources;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_OBJECTS"}} = @objfiles;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_LIBS"}} = @libs;
+    clearCompileStep();
+}
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/generate b/contrib/buildsystems/generate
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc10f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/generate
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+######################################################################
+# Generate buildsystem files
+#
+# This script generate buildsystem files based on the output of a
+# GNU Make --dry-run, enabling Windows users to develop Git with their
+# trusted IDE with native projects.
+#
+# Note:
+# It is not meant as *the* way of building Git with MSVC, but merely a
+# convenience. The correct way of building Git with MSVC is to use the
+# GNU Make tool to build with the maintained Makefile in the root of
+# the project. If you have the msysgit environment installed and
+# available in your current console, together with the Visual Studio
+# environment you wish to build for, all you have to do is run the
+# command:
+#     make MSVC=1
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Marius Storm-Olsen <mstormo@gmail.com>
+######################################################################
+use strict;
+use File::Basename;
+use Cwd;
+
+my $git_dir = getcwd();
+$git_dir =~ s=\\=/=g;
+$git_dir = dirname($git_dir) while (!-e "$git_dir/git.c" && "$git_dir" ne "");
+die "Couldn't find Git repo" if ("$git_dir" eq "");
+exec join(" ", ("PERL5LIB=${git_dir}/contrib/buildsystems ${git_dir}/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl", @ARGV));
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl b/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9656ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+######################################################################
+# Do not call this script directly!
+#
+# The generate script ensures that @INC is correct before the engine
+# is executed.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Marius Storm-Olsen <mstormo@gmail.com>
+######################################################################
+use strict;
+use File::Basename;
+use Cwd;
+
+my $file = $ARGV[0];
+die "No file provided!" if !defined $file;
+
+my ($cflags, $target, $type, $line);
+
+open(F, "<$file") || die "Couldn't open file $file";
+my @data = <F>;
+close(F);
+
+while (my $text = shift @data) {
+    my $ate_next;
+    do {
+        $ate_next = 0;
+        $line++;
+        chomp $text;
+        chop $text if ($text =~ /\r$/);
+        if ($text =~ /\\$/) {
+            $text =~ s/\\$//;
+            $text .= shift @data;
+            $ate_next = 1;
+        }
+    } while($ate_next);
+
+    if($text =~ / -c /) {
+        # compilation
+        handleCompileLine($text, $line);
+
+    } elsif ($text =~ / -o /) {
+        # linking executable
+        handleLinkLine($text, $line);
+
+    } elsif ($text =~ /\.o / && $text =~ /\.a /) {
+        # libifying
+        handleLibLine($text, $line);
+
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^cp /) {
+#        # copy file around
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^rm -f /) {
+#        # shell command
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^make[ \[]/) {
+#        # make output
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^echo /) {
+#        # echo to file
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^if /) {
+#        # shell conditional
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^tclsh /) {
+#        # translation stuff
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^umask /) {
+#        # handling boilerplates
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /\$\(\:\)/) {
+#        # ignore
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^FLAGS=/) {
+#        # flags check for dependencies
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^'\/usr\/bin\/perl' -MError -e/) {
+#        # perl commands for copying files
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /generate-cmdlist\.sh/) {
+#        # command for generating list of commands
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /^test / && $text =~ /|| rm -f /) {
+#        # commands removing executables, if they exist
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /new locations or Tcl/) {
+#        # command for detecting Tcl/Tk changes
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /mkdir -p/) {
+#        # command creating path
+#
+#    } elsif ($text =~ /: no custom templates yet/) {
+#        # whatever
+
+    } else {
+#        print "Unhandled (line: $line): $text\n";
+    }
+}
+close(F);
+
+# use Data::Dumper;
+# print "Parsed build structure:\n";
+# print Dumper(%build_structure);
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Functions under here
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------
+my (%build_structure, @defines, @incpaths, @cflags, @sources);
+
+sub clearCompileStep
+{
+    @defines = ();
+    @incpaths = ();
+    @cflags = ();
+    @sources = ();
+}
+
+sub removeDuplicates
+{
+    my (%dupHash, $entry);
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @defines;
+    @defines = keys %dupHash;
+
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @incpaths;
+    @incpaths = keys %dupHash;
+
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @cflags;
+    @cflags = keys %dupHash;
+
+    %dupHash = map { $_, 1 } @sources;
+    @sources = keys %dupHash;
+}
+
+sub handleCompileLine
+{
+    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
+    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    shift(@parts); # ignore cmd
+    while (my $part = shift @parts) {
+        if ("$part" eq "-o") {
+            # ignore object file
+            shift @parts;
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-c") {
+            # ignore compile flag
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-c") {
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^.?-I/) {
+            push(@incpaths, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^.?-D/) {
+            push(@defines, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^-/) {
+            push(@cflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(c|cc|cpp)$/) {
+            push(@sources, $part);
+        } else {
+            die "Unhandled compiler option @ line $lineno: $part";
+        }
+    }
+    #print "Sources: @sources\nCFlags: @cflags\nDefine: @defines\nIncpat: @incpaths\n";
+    #exit(1);
+}
+
+sub handleLibLine
+{
+    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
+    my (@objfiles, @lflags, $libout, $part);
+    # kill cmd and rm 'prefix'
+    $line =~ s/^rm -f .* && .* rcs //;
+    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    while ($part = shift @parts) {
+        if ($part =~ /^-/) {
+            push(@lflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(o|obj)$/) {
+            push(@objfiles, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(a|lib)$/) {
+            $libout = $part;
+        } else {
+            die "Unhandled lib option @ line $lineno: $part";
+        }
+    }
+    #print "LibOut: '$libout'\nLFlags: @lflags\nOfiles: @objfiles\n";
+    #exit(1);
+    removeDuplicates();
+    push(@{$build_structure{"LIBS"}}, $libout);
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}"}} = ("_DEFINES", "_INCLUDES", "_CFLAGS", "_SOURCES",
+                                             "_OBJECTS");
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_DEFINES"}} = @defines;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_INCLUDES"}} = @incpaths;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_CFLAGS"}} = @cflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_SOURCES"}} = @sources;
+    @{$build_structure{"LIBS_${libout}_OBJECTS"}} = @objfiles;
+    clearCompileStep();
+}
+
+sub handleLinkLine
+{
+    my ($line, $lineno) = @_;
+    my (@objfiles, @lflags, @libs, $appout, $part);
+    my @parts = split(' ', $line);
+    shift(@parts); # ignore cmd
+    while ($part = shift @parts) {
+        if ($part =~ /^-[GRIDO]/) {
+            # eat compiler flags
+        } elsif ("$part" eq "-o") {
+            $appout = shift @parts;
+        } elsif ($part =~ /^-/) {
+            push(@lflags, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(a|lib)$/) {
+            push(@libs, $part);
+        } elsif ($part =~ /\.(o|obj)$/) {
+            push(@objfiles, $part);
+        } else {
+            die "Unhandled lib option @ line $lineno: $part";
+        }
+    }
+    #print "AppOut: '$appout'\nLFlags: @lflags\nLibs  : @libs\nOfiles: @objfiles\n";
+    #exit(1);
+    removeDuplicates();
+    push(@{$build_structure{"APPS"}}, $appout);
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}"}} = ("_DEFINES", "_INCLUDES", "_CFLAGS", "_LFLAGS",
+                                             "_SOURCES", "_OBJECTS", "_LIBS");
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_DEFINES"}} = @defines;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_INCLUDES"}} = @incpaths;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_CFLAGS"}} = @cflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_LFLAGS"}} = @lflags;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_SOURCES"}} = @sources;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_OBJECTS"}} = @objfiles;
+    @{$build_structure{"APPS_${appout}_LIBS"}} = @libs;
+    clearCompileStep();
+}
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..35acad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,2299 @@
+#!bash
+#
+# bash completion support for core Git.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+# Conceptually based on gitcompletion (http://gitweb.hawaga.org.uk/).
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# The contained completion routines provide support for completing:
+#
+#    *) local and remote branch names
+#    *) local and remote tag names
+#    *) .git/remotes file names
+#    *) git 'subcommands'
+#    *) tree paths within 'ref:path/to/file' expressions
+#    *) common --long-options
+#
+# To use these routines:
+#
+#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-completion.sh).
+#    2) Added the following line to your .bashrc:
+#        source ~/.git-completion.sh
+#
+#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch:
+#        PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#
+#       The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you
+#       are currently in a git repository.  The %s token will be
+#       the name of the current branch.
+#
+#       In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty
+#       value, unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next
+#       to the branch name.  You can configure this per-repository
+#       with the bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true
+#       once GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
+#
+#       You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
+#       GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
+#       then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
+#
+#       If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can
+#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're
+#       untracked files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.
+#
+# To submit patches:
+#
+#    *) Read Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+#    *) Send all patches to the current maintainer:
+#
+#       "Shawn O. Pearce" <spearce@spearce.org>
+#
+#    *) Always CC the Git mailing list:
+#
+#       git@vger.kernel.org
+#
+
+case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
+*:*) : great ;;
+*)   COMP_WORDBREAKS="$COMP_WORDBREAKS:"
+esac
+
+# __gitdir accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., location)
+# returns location of .git repo
+__gitdir ()
+{
+	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
+		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
+			echo "$__git_dir"
+		elif [ -d .git ]; then
+			echo .git
+		else
+			git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null
+		fi
+	elif [ -d "$1/.git" ]; then
+		echo "$1/.git"
+	else
+		echo "$1"
+	fi
+}
+
+# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
+# returns text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
+__git_ps1 ()
+{
+	local g="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -n "$g" ]; then
+		local r
+		local b
+		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
+			r="|REBASE-i"
+			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
+		elif [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+			r="|REBASE-m"
+			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
+		else
+			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
+				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
+					r="|REBASE"
+				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
+					r="|AM"
+				else
+					r="|AM/REBASE"
+				fi
+			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+				r="|MERGING"
+			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
+				r="|BISECTING"
+			fi
+
+			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
+
+				b="$(
+				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
+				(contains)
+					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
+				(branch)
+					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
+				(describe)
+					git describe HEAD ;;
+				(* | default)
+					git describe --exact-match HEAD ;;
+				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
+
+				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
+				b="unknown"
+				b="($b)"
+			}
+		fi
+
+		local w
+		local i
+		local s
+		local u
+		local c
+
+		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+				c="BARE:"
+			else
+				b="GIT_DIR!"
+			fi
+		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ]; then
+				if [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]; then
+					git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
+					if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
+						git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
+					else
+						i="#"
+					fi
+				fi
+			fi
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
+			        git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
+			fi
+
+			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ]; then
+			   if [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then
+			      u="%"
+			   fi
+			fi
+		fi
+
+		local f="$w$i$s$u"
+		printf "${1:- (%s)}" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r"
+	fi
+}
+
+# __gitcomp_1 requires 2 arguments
+__gitcomp_1 ()
+{
+	local c IFS=' '$'\t'$'\n'
+	for c in $1; do
+		case "$c$2" in
+		--*=*) printf %s$'\n' "$c$2" ;;
+		*.)    printf %s$'\n' "$c$2" ;;
+		*)     printf %s$'\n' "$c$2 " ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# __gitcomp accepts 1, 2, 3, or 4 arguments
+# generates completion reply with compgen
+__gitcomp ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
+		cur="$3"
+	fi
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*=)
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		;;
+	*)
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" \
+			-W "$(__gitcomp_1 "${1-}" "${4-}")" \
+			-- "$cur"))
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+# __git_heads accepts 0 or 1 arguments (to pass to __gitdir)
+__git_heads ()
+{
+	local cmd i is_hash=y dir="$(__gitdir "${1-}")"
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		git --git-dir="$dir" for-each-ref --format='%(refname:short)' \
+			refs/heads
+		return
+	fi
+	for i in $(git ls-remote "${1-}" 2>/dev/null); do
+		case "$is_hash,$i" in
+		y,*) is_hash=n ;;
+		n,*^{}) is_hash=y ;;
+		n,refs/heads/*) is_hash=y; echo "${i#refs/heads/}" ;;
+		n,*) is_hash=y; echo "$i" ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# __git_tags accepts 0 or 1 arguments (to pass to __gitdir)
+__git_tags ()
+{
+	local cmd i is_hash=y dir="$(__gitdir "${1-}")"
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		git --git-dir="$dir" for-each-ref --format='%(refname:short)' \
+			refs/tags
+		return
+	fi
+	for i in $(git ls-remote "${1-}" 2>/dev/null); do
+		case "$is_hash,$i" in
+		y,*) is_hash=n ;;
+		n,*^{}) is_hash=y ;;
+		n,refs/tags/*) is_hash=y; echo "${i#refs/tags/}" ;;
+		n,*) is_hash=y; echo "$i" ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# __git_refs accepts 0 or 1 arguments (to pass to __gitdir)
+__git_refs ()
+{
+	local i is_hash=y dir="$(__gitdir "${1-}")"
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" format refs
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		case "$cur" in
+		refs|refs/*)
+			format="refname"
+			refs="${cur%/*}"
+			;;
+		*)
+			if [ -e "$dir/HEAD" ]; then echo HEAD; fi
+			format="refname:short"
+			refs="refs/tags refs/heads refs/remotes"
+			;;
+		esac
+		git --git-dir="$dir" for-each-ref --format="%($format)" \
+			$refs
+		return
+	fi
+	for i in $(git ls-remote "$dir" 2>/dev/null); do
+		case "$is_hash,$i" in
+		y,*) is_hash=n ;;
+		n,*^{}) is_hash=y ;;
+		n,refs/tags/*) is_hash=y; echo "${i#refs/tags/}" ;;
+		n,refs/heads/*) is_hash=y; echo "${i#refs/heads/}" ;;
+		n,refs/remotes/*) is_hash=y; echo "${i#refs/remotes/}" ;;
+		n,*) is_hash=y; echo "$i" ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# __git_refs2 requires 1 argument (to pass to __git_refs)
+__git_refs2 ()
+{
+	local i
+	for i in $(__git_refs "$1"); do
+		echo "$i:$i"
+	done
+}
+
+# __git_refs_remotes requires 1 argument (to pass to ls-remote)
+__git_refs_remotes ()
+{
+	local cmd i is_hash=y
+	for i in $(git ls-remote "$1" 2>/dev/null); do
+		case "$is_hash,$i" in
+		n,refs/heads/*)
+			is_hash=y
+			echo "$i:refs/remotes/$1/${i#refs/heads/}"
+			;;
+		y,*) is_hash=n ;;
+		n,*^{}) is_hash=y ;;
+		n,refs/tags/*) is_hash=y;;
+		n,*) is_hash=y; ;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+__git_remotes ()
+{
+	local i ngoff IFS=$'\n' d="$(__gitdir)"
+	shopt -q nullglob || ngoff=1
+	shopt -s nullglob
+	for i in "$d/remotes"/*; do
+		echo ${i#$d/remotes/}
+	done
+	[ "$ngoff" ] && shopt -u nullglob
+	for i in $(git --git-dir="$d" config --get-regexp 'remote\..*\.url' 2>/dev/null); do
+		i="${i#remote.}"
+		echo "${i/.url*/}"
+	done
+}
+
+__git_list_merge_strategies ()
+{
+	git merge -s help 2>&1 |
+	sed -n -e '/[Aa]vailable strategies are: /,/^$/{
+		s/\.$//
+		s/.*://
+		s/^[ 	]*//
+		s/[ 	]*$//
+		p
+	}'
+}
+
+__git_merge_strategies=
+# 'git merge -s help' (and thus detection of the merge strategy
+# list) fails, unfortunately, if run outside of any git working
+# tree.  __git_merge_strategies is set to the empty string in
+# that case, and the detection will be repeated the next time it
+# is needed.
+__git_compute_merge_strategies ()
+{
+	: ${__git_merge_strategies:=$(__git_list_merge_strategies)}
+}
+
+__git_complete_file ()
+{
+	local pfx ls ref cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	?*:*)
+		ref="${cur%%:*}"
+		cur="${cur#*:}"
+		case "$cur" in
+		?*/*)
+			pfx="${cur%/*}"
+			cur="${cur##*/}"
+			ls="$ref:$pfx"
+			pfx="$pfx/"
+			;;
+		*)
+			ls="$ref"
+			;;
+	    esac
+
+		case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
+		*:*) : great ;;
+		*)   pfx="$ref:$pfx" ;;
+		esac
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "$pfx" \
+			-W "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" \
+				| sed '/^100... blob /{
+				           s,^.*	,,
+				           s,$, ,
+				       }
+				       /^120000 blob /{
+				           s,^.*	,,
+				           s,$, ,
+				       }
+				       /^040000 tree /{
+				           s,^.*	,,
+				           s,$,/,
+				       }
+				       s/^.*	//')" \
+			-- "$cur"))
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__git_complete_revlist ()
+{
+	local pfx cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	*...*)
+		pfx="${cur%...*}..."
+		cur="${cur#*...}"
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		;;
+	*..*)
+		pfx="${cur%..*}.."
+		cur="${cur#*..}"
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
+{
+	local cmd="${COMP_WORDS[1]}"
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local i c=2 remote="" pfx="" lhs=1 no_complete_refspec=0
+	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
+		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		case "$i" in
+		--mirror) [ "$cmd" = "push" ] && no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
+		--all)
+			case "$cmd" in
+			push) no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
+			fetch)
+				COMPREPLY=()
+				return
+				;;
+			*) ;;
+			esac
+			;;
+		-*) ;;
+		*) remote="$i"; break ;;
+		esac
+		c=$((++c))
+	done
+	if [ -z "$remote" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+	fi
+	if [ $no_complete_refspec = 1 ]; then
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		return
+	fi
+	[ "$remote" = "." ] && remote=
+	case "$cur" in
+	*:*)
+		case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
+		*:*) : great ;;
+		*)   pfx="${cur%%:*}:" ;;
+		esac
+		cur="${cur#*:}"
+		lhs=0
+		;;
+	+*)
+		pfx="+"
+		cur="${cur#+}"
+		;;
+	esac
+	case "$cmd" in
+	fetch)
+		if [ $lhs = 1 ]; then
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs2 "$remote")" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		else
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		fi
+		;;
+	pull)
+		if [ $lhs = 1 ]; then
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs "$remote")" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		else
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		fi
+		;;
+	push)
+		if [ $lhs = 1 ]; then
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		else
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs "$remote")" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__git_complete_strategy ()
+{
+	__git_compute_merge_strategies
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	-s|--strategy)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_strategies"
+		return 0
+	esac
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--strategy=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_strategies" "" "${cur##--strategy=}"
+		return 0
+		;;
+	esac
+	return 1
+}
+
+__git_list_all_commands ()
+{
+	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
+	for i in $(git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]')
+	do
+		case $i in
+		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
+		*) echo $i;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+__git_all_commands=
+__git_compute_all_commands ()
+{
+	: ${__git_all_commands:=$(__git_list_all_commands)}
+}
+
+__git_list_porcelain_commands ()
+{
+	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
+	__git_compute_all_commands
+	for i in "help" $__git_all_commands
+	do
+		case $i in
+		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
+		applymbox)        : ask gittus;;
+		applypatch)       : ask gittus;;
+		archimport)       : import;;
+		cat-file)         : plumbing;;
+		check-attr)       : plumbing;;
+		check-ref-format) : plumbing;;
+		checkout-index)   : plumbing;;
+		commit-tree)      : plumbing;;
+		count-objects)    : infrequent;;
+		cvsexportcommit)  : export;;
+		cvsimport)        : import;;
+		cvsserver)        : daemon;;
+		daemon)           : daemon;;
+		diff-files)       : plumbing;;
+		diff-index)       : plumbing;;
+		diff-tree)        : plumbing;;
+		fast-import)      : import;;
+		fast-export)      : export;;
+		fsck-objects)     : plumbing;;
+		fetch-pack)       : plumbing;;
+		fmt-merge-msg)    : plumbing;;
+		for-each-ref)     : plumbing;;
+		hash-object)      : plumbing;;
+		http-*)           : transport;;
+		index-pack)       : plumbing;;
+		init-db)          : deprecated;;
+		local-fetch)      : plumbing;;
+		lost-found)       : infrequent;;
+		ls-files)         : plumbing;;
+		ls-remote)        : plumbing;;
+		ls-tree)          : plumbing;;
+		mailinfo)         : plumbing;;
+		mailsplit)        : plumbing;;
+		merge-*)          : plumbing;;
+		mktree)           : plumbing;;
+		mktag)            : plumbing;;
+		pack-objects)     : plumbing;;
+		pack-redundant)   : plumbing;;
+		pack-refs)        : plumbing;;
+		parse-remote)     : plumbing;;
+		patch-id)         : plumbing;;
+		peek-remote)      : plumbing;;
+		prune)            : plumbing;;
+		prune-packed)     : plumbing;;
+		quiltimport)      : import;;
+		read-tree)        : plumbing;;
+		receive-pack)     : plumbing;;
+		reflog)           : plumbing;;
+		remote-*)         : transport;;
+		repo-config)      : deprecated;;
+		rerere)           : plumbing;;
+		rev-list)         : plumbing;;
+		rev-parse)        : plumbing;;
+		runstatus)        : plumbing;;
+		sh-setup)         : internal;;
+		shell)            : daemon;;
+		show-ref)         : plumbing;;
+		send-pack)        : plumbing;;
+		show-index)       : plumbing;;
+		ssh-*)            : transport;;
+		stripspace)       : plumbing;;
+		symbolic-ref)     : plumbing;;
+		tar-tree)         : deprecated;;
+		unpack-file)      : plumbing;;
+		unpack-objects)   : plumbing;;
+		update-index)     : plumbing;;
+		update-ref)       : plumbing;;
+		update-server-info) : daemon;;
+		upload-archive)   : plumbing;;
+		upload-pack)      : plumbing;;
+		write-tree)       : plumbing;;
+		var)              : infrequent;;
+		verify-pack)      : infrequent;;
+		verify-tag)       : plumbing;;
+		*) echo $i;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+__git_porcelain_commands=
+__git_compute_porcelain_commands ()
+{
+	__git_compute_all_commands
+	: ${__git_porcelain_commands:=$(__git_list_porcelain_commands)}
+}
+
+__git_aliases ()
+{
+	local i IFS=$'\n'
+	for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --get-regexp "alias\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
+		case "$i" in
+		alias.*)
+			i="${i#alias.}"
+			echo "${i/ */}"
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# __git_aliased_command requires 1 argument
+__git_aliased_command ()
+{
+	local word cmdline=$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" \
+		config --get "alias.$1")
+	for word in $cmdline; do
+		if [ "${word##-*}" ]; then
+			echo $word
+			return
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+# __git_find_on_cmdline requires 1 argument
+__git_find_on_cmdline ()
+{
+	local word subcommand c=1
+
+	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
+		word="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		for subcommand in $1; do
+			if [ "$subcommand" = "$word" ]; then
+				echo "$subcommand"
+				return
+			fi
+		done
+		c=$((++c))
+	done
+}
+
+__git_has_doubledash ()
+{
+	local c=1
+	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
+		if [ "--" = "${COMP_WORDS[c]}" ]; then
+			return 0
+		fi
+		c=$((++c))
+	done
+	return 1
+}
+
+__git_whitespacelist="nowarn warn error error-all fix"
+
+_git_am ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -d "$dir"/rebase-apply ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--skip --resolved --abort"
+		return
+	fi
+	case "$cur" in
+	--whitespace=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_whitespacelist" "" "${cur##--whitespace=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--3way --committer-date-is-author-date --ignore-date
+			--ignore-whitespace --ignore-space-change
+			--interactive --keep --no-utf8 --signoff --utf8
+			--whitespace= --scissors
+			"
+		return
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_apply ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--whitespace=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_whitespacelist" "" "${cur##--whitespace=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--stat --numstat --summary --check --index
+			--cached --index-info --reverse --reject --unidiff-zero
+			--apply --no-add --exclude=
+			--ignore-whitespace --ignore-space-change
+			--whitespace= --inaccurate-eof --verbose
+			"
+		return
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_add ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--interactive --refresh --patch --update --dry-run
+			--ignore-errors --intent-to-add
+			"
+		return
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_archive ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--format=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(git archive --list)" "" "${cur##--format=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--remote=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)" "" "${cur##--remote=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--format= --list --verbose
+			--prefix= --remote= --exec=
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_file
+}
+
+_git_bisect ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local subcommands="start bad good skip reset visualize replay log run"
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	case "$subcommand" in
+	bad|good|reset|skip)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	*)
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_branch ()
+{
+	local i c=1 only_local_ref="n" has_r="n"
+
+	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
+		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		case "$i" in
+		-d|-m)	only_local_ref="y" ;;
+		-r)	has_r="y" ;;
+		esac
+		c=$((++c))
+	done
+
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--color --no-color --verbose --abbrev= --no-abbrev
+			--track --no-track --contains --merged --no-merged
+			"
+		;;
+	*)
+		if [ $only_local_ref = "y" -a $has_r = "n" ]; then
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_heads)"
+		else
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_bundle ()
+{
+	local cmd="${COMP_WORDS[2]}"
+	case "$COMP_CWORD" in
+	2)
+		__gitcomp "create list-heads verify unbundle"
+		;;
+	3)
+		# looking for a file
+		;;
+	*)
+		case "$cmd" in
+			create)
+				__git_complete_revlist
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_checkout ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--conflict=*)
+		__gitcomp "diff3 merge" "" "${cur##--conflict=}"
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--quiet --ours --theirs --track --no-track --merge
+			--conflict= --patch
+			"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_cherry ()
+{
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_cherry_pick ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_clean ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_clone ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--local
+			--no-hardlinks
+			--shared
+			--reference
+			--quiet
+			--no-checkout
+			--bare
+			--mirror
+			--origin
+			--upload-pack
+			--template=
+			--depth
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_commit ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--cleanup=*)
+		__gitcomp "default strip verbatim whitespace
+			" "" "${cur##--cleanup=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--reuse-message=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--reuse-message=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--reedit-message=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--reedit-message=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--untracked-files=*)
+		__gitcomp "all no normal" "" "${cur##--untracked-files=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--all --author= --signoff --verify --no-verify
+			--edit --amend --include --only --interactive
+			--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
+			--reset-author --file= --message= --template=
+			--cleanup= --untracked-files --untracked-files=
+			--verbose --quiet
+			"
+		return
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_describe ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--all --tags --contains --abbrev= --candidates=
+			--exact-match --debug --long --match --always
+			"
+		return
+	esac
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+__git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
+			--patch-with-stat --name-only --name-status --color
+			--no-color --color-words --no-renames --check
+			--full-index --binary --abbrev --diff-filter=
+			--find-copies-harder
+			--text --ignore-space-at-eol --ignore-space-change
+			--ignore-all-space --exit-code --quiet --ext-diff
+			--no-ext-diff
+			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
+			--inter-hunk-context=
+			--patience
+			--raw
+			--dirstat --dirstat= --dirstat-by-file
+			--dirstat-by-file= --cumulative
+"
+
+_git_diff ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
+			--base --ours --theirs
+			$__git_diff_common_options
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_file
+}
+
+__git_mergetools_common="diffuse ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
+			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge
+"
+
+_git_difftool ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--tool=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_mergetools_common kompare" "" "${cur##--tool=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
+			--base --ours --theirs
+			--no-renames --diff-filter= --find-copies-harder
+			--relative --ignore-submodules
+			--tool="
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_file
+}
+
+__git_fetch_options="
+	--quiet --verbose --append --upload-pack --force --keep --depth=
+	--tags --no-tags --all --prune --dry-run
+"
+
+_git_fetch ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_options"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
+}
+
+_git_format_patch ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--thread=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			deep shallow
+			" "" "${cur##--thread=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread=
+			--output-directory
+			--numbered --start-number
+			--numbered-files
+			--keep-subject
+			--signoff
+			--in-reply-to= --cc=
+			--full-index --binary
+			--not --all
+			--cover-letter
+			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
+			--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream
+			--subject-prefix=
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_revlist
+}
+
+_git_fsck ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--tags --root --unreachable --cache --no-reflogs --full
+			--strict --verbose --lost-found
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_gc ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--prune --aggressive"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_grep ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--cached
+			--text --ignore-case --word-regexp --invert-match
+			--full-name
+			--extended-regexp --basic-regexp --fixed-strings
+			--files-with-matches --name-only
+			--files-without-match
+			--max-depth
+			--count
+			--and --or --not --all-match
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_help ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--all --info --man --web"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_compute_all_commands
+	__gitcomp "$__git_all_commands
+		attributes cli core-tutorial cvs-migration
+		diffcore gitk glossary hooks ignore modules
+		repository-layout tutorial tutorial-2
+		workflows
+		"
+}
+
+_git_init ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--shared=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			false true umask group all world everybody
+			" "" "${cur##--shared=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--quiet --bare --template= --shared --shared="
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_ls_files ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
+			--stage --directory --no-empty-directory --unmerged
+			--killed --exclude= --exclude-from=
+			--exclude-per-directory= --exclude-standard
+			--error-unmatch --with-tree= --full-name
+			--abbrev --ignored --exclude-per-directory
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_ls_remote ()
+{
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
+}
+
+_git_ls_tree ()
+{
+	__git_complete_file
+}
+
+# Options that go well for log, shortlog and gitk
+__git_log_common_options="
+	--not --all
+	--branches --tags --remotes
+	--first-parent --merges --no-merges
+	--max-count=
+	--max-age= --since= --after=
+	--min-age= --until= --before=
+"
+# Options that go well for log and gitk (not shortlog)
+__git_log_gitk_options="
+	--dense --sparse --full-history
+	--simplify-merges --simplify-by-decoration
+	--left-right
+"
+# Options that go well for log and shortlog (not gitk)
+__git_log_shortlog_options="
+	--author= --committer= --grep=
+	--all-match
+"
+
+__git_log_pretty_formats="oneline short medium full fuller email raw format:"
+__git_log_date_formats="relative iso8601 rfc2822 short local default raw"
+
+_git_log ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local g="$(git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null)"
+	local merge=""
+	if [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+		merge="--merge"
+	fi
+	case "$cur" in
+	--pretty=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+			" "" "${cur##--pretty=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--format=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+			" "" "${cur##--format=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--date=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_date_formats" "" "${cur##--date=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--decorate=*)
+		__gitcomp "long short" "" "${cur##--decorate=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			$__git_log_common_options
+			$__git_log_shortlog_options
+			$__git_log_gitk_options
+			--root --topo-order --date-order --reverse
+			--follow --full-diff
+			--abbrev-commit --abbrev=
+			--relative-date --date=
+			--pretty= --format= --oneline
+			--cherry-pick
+			--graph
+			--decorate --decorate=
+			--walk-reflogs
+			--parents --children
+			$merge
+			$__git_diff_common_options
+			--pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_revlist
+}
+
+__git_merge_options="
+	--no-commit --no-stat --log --no-log --squash --strategy
+	--commit --stat --no-squash --ff --no-ff --ff-only
+"
+
+_git_merge ()
+{
+	__git_complete_strategy && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_options"
+		return
+	esac
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_mergetool ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--tool=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_mergetools_common tortoisemerge" "" "${cur##--tool=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--tool="
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_merge_base ()
+{
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_mv ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--dry-run"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_name_rev ()
+{
+	__gitcomp "--tags --all --stdin"
+}
+
+_git_notes ()
+{
+	local subcommands="edit show"
+	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	-m|-F)
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_pull ()
+{
+	__git_complete_strategy && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--rebase --no-rebase
+			$__git_merge_options
+			$__git_fetch_options
+		"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
+}
+
+_git_push ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	--repo)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+	esac
+	case "$cur" in
+	--repo=*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)" "" "${cur##--repo=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--all --mirror --tags --dry-run --force --verbose
+			--receive-pack= --repo=
+		"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
+}
+
+_git_rebase ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -d "$dir"/rebase-apply ] || [ -d "$dir"/rebase-merge ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --skip --abort"
+		return
+	fi
+	__git_complete_strategy && return
+	case "$cur" in
+	--whitespace=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_whitespacelist" "" "${cur##--whitespace=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--onto --merge --strategy --interactive
+			--preserve-merges --stat --no-stat
+			--committer-date-is-author-date --ignore-date
+			--ignore-whitespace --whitespace=
+			--autosquash
+			"
+
+		return
+	esac
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+__git_send_email_confirm_options="always never auto cc compose"
+__git_send_email_suppresscc_options="author self cc bodycc sob cccmd body all"
+
+_git_send_email ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--confirm=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			$__git_send_email_confirm_options
+			" "" "${cur##--confirm=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--suppress-cc=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			$__git_send_email_suppresscc_options
+			" "" "${cur##--suppress-cc=}"
+
+		return
+		;;
+	--smtp-encryption=*)
+		__gitcomp "ssl tls" "" "${cur##--smtp-encryption=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
+			--compose --confirm= --dry-run --envelope-sender
+			--from --identity
+			--in-reply-to --no-chain-reply-to --no-signed-off-by-cc
+			--no-suppress-from --no-thread --quiet
+			--signed-off-by-cc --smtp-pass --smtp-server
+			--smtp-server-port --smtp-encryption= --smtp-user
+			--subject --suppress-cc= --suppress-from --thread --to
+			--validate --no-validate"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+__git_config_get_set_variables ()
+{
+	local prevword word config_file= c=$COMP_CWORD
+	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
+		word="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		case "$word" in
+		--global|--system|--file=*)
+			config_file="$word"
+			break
+			;;
+		-f|--file)
+			config_file="$word $prevword"
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		prevword=$word
+		c=$((--c))
+	done
+
+	git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config $config_file --list 2>/dev/null |
+	while read line
+	do
+		case "$line" in
+		*.*=*)
+			echo "${line/=*/}"
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+_git_config ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local prv="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}"
+	case "$prv" in
+	branch.*.remote)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+		;;
+	branch.*.merge)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.*.fetch)
+		local remote="${prv#remote.}"
+		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.*.push)
+		local remote="${prv#remote.}"
+		remote="${remote%.push}"
+		__gitcomp "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" \
+			for-each-ref --format='%(refname):%(refname)' \
+			refs/heads)"
+		return
+		;;
+	pull.twohead|pull.octopus)
+		__git_compute_merge_strategies
+		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_strategies"
+		return
+		;;
+	color.branch|color.diff|color.interactive|\
+	color.showbranch|color.status|color.ui)
+		__gitcomp "always never auto"
+		return
+		;;
+	color.pager)
+		__gitcomp "false true"
+		return
+		;;
+	color.*.*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			normal black red green yellow blue magenta cyan white
+			bold dim ul blink reverse
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	help.format)
+		__gitcomp "man info web html"
+		return
+		;;
+	log.date)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_date_formats"
+		return
+		;;
+	sendemail.aliasesfiletype)
+		__gitcomp "mutt mailrc pine elm gnus"
+		return
+		;;
+	sendemail.confirm)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_send_email_confirm_options"
+		return
+		;;
+	sendemail.suppresscc)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_send_email_suppresscc_options"
+		return
+		;;
+	--get|--get-all|--unset|--unset-all)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_config_get_set_variables)"
+		return
+		;;
+	*.*)
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--global --system --file=
+			--list --replace-all
+			--get --get-all --get-regexp
+			--add --unset --unset-all
+			--remove-section --rename-section
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	branch.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	branch.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur#*.}"
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_heads)" "$pfx" "$cur" "."
+		return
+		;;
+	guitool.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "
+			argprompt cmd confirm needsfile noconsole norescan
+			prompt revprompt revunmerged title
+			" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	difftool.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "cmd path" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	man.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "cmd path" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	mergetool.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "cmd path trustExitCode" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	pager.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur#*.}"
+		__git_compute_all_commands
+		__gitcomp "$__git_all_commands" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "
+			url proxy fetch push mirror skipDefaultUpdate
+			receivepack uploadpack tagopt pushurl
+			" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur#*.}"
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)" "$pfx" "$cur" "."
+		return
+		;;
+	url.*.*)
+		local pfx="${cur%.*}."
+		cur="${cur##*.}"
+		__gitcomp "insteadOf pushInsteadOf" "$pfx" "$cur"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__gitcomp "
+		add.ignore-errors
+		alias.
+		apply.ignorewhitespace
+		apply.whitespace
+		branch.autosetupmerge
+		branch.autosetuprebase
+		clean.requireForce
+		color.branch
+		color.branch.current
+		color.branch.local
+		color.branch.plain
+		color.branch.remote
+		color.diff
+		color.diff.commit
+		color.diff.frag
+		color.diff.meta
+		color.diff.new
+		color.diff.old
+		color.diff.plain
+		color.diff.whitespace
+		color.grep
+		color.grep.external
+		color.grep.match
+		color.interactive
+		color.interactive.header
+		color.interactive.help
+		color.interactive.prompt
+		color.pager
+		color.showbranch
+		color.status
+		color.status.added
+		color.status.changed
+		color.status.header
+		color.status.nobranch
+		color.status.untracked
+		color.status.updated
+		color.ui
+		commit.template
+		core.autocrlf
+		core.bare
+		core.compression
+		core.createObject
+		core.deltaBaseCacheLimit
+		core.editor
+		core.excludesfile
+		core.fileMode
+		core.fsyncobjectfiles
+		core.gitProxy
+		core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks
+		core.ignoreStat
+		core.logAllRefUpdates
+		core.loosecompression
+		core.packedGitLimit
+		core.packedGitWindowSize
+		core.pager
+		core.preferSymlinkRefs
+		core.preloadindex
+		core.quotepath
+		core.repositoryFormatVersion
+		core.safecrlf
+		core.sharedRepository
+		core.symlinks
+		core.trustctime
+		core.warnAmbiguousRefs
+		core.whitespace
+		core.worktree
+		diff.autorefreshindex
+		diff.external
+		diff.mnemonicprefix
+		diff.renameLimit
+		diff.renameLimit.
+		diff.renames
+		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
+		diff.tool
+		diff.wordRegex
+		difftool.
+		difftool.prompt
+		fetch.unpackLimit
+		format.attach
+		format.cc
+		format.headers
+		format.numbered
+		format.pretty
+		format.signoff
+		format.subjectprefix
+		format.suffix
+		format.thread
+		gc.aggressiveWindow
+		gc.auto
+		gc.autopacklimit
+		gc.packrefs
+		gc.pruneexpire
+		gc.reflogexpire
+		gc.reflogexpireunreachable
+		gc.rerereresolved
+		gc.rerereunresolved
+		gitcvs.allbinary
+		gitcvs.commitmsgannotation
+		gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix
+		gitcvs.dbdriver
+		gitcvs.dbname
+		gitcvs.dbpass
+		gitcvs.dbuser
+		gitcvs.enabled
+		gitcvs.logfile
+		gitcvs.usecrlfattr
+		guitool.
+		gui.blamehistoryctx
+		gui.commitmsgwidth
+		gui.copyblamethreshold
+		gui.diffcontext
+		gui.encoding
+		gui.fastcopyblame
+		gui.matchtrackingbranch
+		gui.newbranchtemplate
+		gui.pruneduringfetch
+		gui.spellingdictionary
+		gui.trustmtime
+		help.autocorrect
+		help.browser
+		help.format
+		http.lowSpeedLimit
+		http.lowSpeedTime
+		http.maxRequests
+		http.noEPSV
+		http.proxy
+		http.sslCAInfo
+		http.sslCAPath
+		http.sslCert
+		http.sslKey
+		http.sslVerify
+		i18n.commitEncoding
+		i18n.logOutputEncoding
+		imap.folder
+		imap.host
+		imap.pass
+		imap.port
+		imap.preformattedHTML
+		imap.sslverify
+		imap.tunnel
+		imap.user
+		instaweb.browser
+		instaweb.httpd
+		instaweb.local
+		instaweb.modulepath
+		instaweb.port
+		interactive.singlekey
+		log.date
+		log.showroot
+		mailmap.file
+		man.
+		man.viewer
+		merge.conflictstyle
+		merge.log
+		merge.renameLimit
+		merge.stat
+		merge.tool
+		merge.verbosity
+		mergetool.
+		mergetool.keepBackup
+		mergetool.prompt
+		pack.compression
+		pack.deltaCacheLimit
+		pack.deltaCacheSize
+		pack.depth
+		pack.indexVersion
+		pack.packSizeLimit
+		pack.threads
+		pack.window
+		pack.windowMemory
+		pager.
+		pull.octopus
+		pull.twohead
+		push.default
+		rebase.stat
+		receive.denyCurrentBranch
+		receive.denyDeletes
+		receive.denyNonFastForwards
+		receive.fsckObjects
+		receive.unpackLimit
+		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
+		rerere.autoupdate
+		rerere.enabled
+		sendemail.aliasesfile
+		sendemail.aliasesfiletype
+		sendemail.bcc
+		sendemail.cc
+		sendemail.cccmd
+		sendemail.chainreplyto
+		sendemail.confirm
+		sendemail.envelopesender
+		sendemail.multiedit
+		sendemail.signedoffbycc
+		sendemail.smtpencryption
+		sendemail.smtppass
+		sendemail.smtpserver
+		sendemail.smtpserverport
+		sendemail.smtpuser
+		sendemail.suppresscc
+		sendemail.suppressfrom
+		sendemail.thread
+		sendemail.to
+		sendemail.validate
+		showbranch.default
+		status.relativePaths
+		status.showUntrackedFiles
+		tar.umask
+		transfer.unpackLimit
+		url.
+		user.email
+		user.name
+		user.signingkey
+		web.browser
+		branch. remote.
+	"
+}
+
+_git_remote ()
+{
+	local subcommands="add rename rm show prune update set-head"
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	case "$subcommand" in
+	rename|rm|show|prune)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_remotes)"
+		;;
+	update)
+		local i c='' IFS=$'\n'
+		for i in $(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" config --get-regexp "remotes\..*" 2>/dev/null); do
+			i="${i#remotes.}"
+			c="$c ${i/ */}"
+		done
+		__gitcomp "$c"
+		;;
+	*)
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git_replace ()
+{
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_reset ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--merge --mixed --hard --soft --patch"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_revert ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--edit --mainline --no-edit --no-commit --signoff"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+}
+
+_git_rm ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	COMPREPLY=()
+}
+
+_git_shortlog ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			$__git_log_common_options
+			$__git_log_shortlog_options
+			--numbered --summary
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_revlist
+}
+
+_git_show ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--pretty=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+			" "" "${cur##--pretty=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--format=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_log_pretty_formats
+			" "" "${cur##--format=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --oneline
+			$__git_diff_common_options
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_file
+}
+
+_git_show_branch ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--all --remotes --topo-order --current --more=
+			--list --independent --merge-base --no-name
+			--color --no-color
+			--sha1-name --sparse --topics --reflog
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_revlist
+}
+
+_git_stash ()
+{
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local save_opts='--keep-index --no-keep-index --quiet --patch'
+	local subcommands='save list show apply clear drop pop create branch'
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
+		case "$cur" in
+		--*)
+			__gitcomp "$save_opts"
+			;;
+		*)
+			if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$save_opts")" ]; then
+				__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+			else
+				COMPREPLY=()
+			fi
+			;;
+		esac
+	else
+		case "$subcommand,$cur" in
+		save,--*)
+			__gitcomp "$save_opts"
+			;;
+		apply,--*|pop,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--index --quiet"
+			;;
+		show,--*|drop,--*|branch,--*)
+			COMPREPLY=()
+			;;
+		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*|branch,*)
+			__gitcomp "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
+					| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
+			;;
+		*)
+			COMPREPLY=()
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+}
+
+_git_submodule ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
+	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
+		local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+		case "$cur" in
+		--*)
+			__gitcomp "--quiet --cached"
+			;;
+		*)
+			__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+			;;
+		esac
+		return
+	fi
+}
+
+_git_svn ()
+{
+	local subcommands="
+		init fetch clone rebase dcommit log find-rev
+		set-tree commit-diff info create-ignore propget
+		proplist show-ignore show-externals branch tag blame
+		migrate mkdirs reset gc
+		"
+	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
+	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
+		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
+	else
+		local remote_opts="--username= --config-dir= --no-auth-cache"
+		local fc_opts="
+			--follow-parent --authors-file= --repack=
+			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
+			--log-window-size= --no-checkout --quiet
+			--repack-flags --use-log-author --localtime
+			--ignore-paths= $remote_opts
+			"
+		local init_opts="
+			--template= --shared= --trunk= --tags=
+			--branches= --stdlayout --minimize-url
+			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
+			--rewrite-root= --prefix= --use-log-author
+			--add-author-from $remote_opts
+			"
+		local cmt_opts="
+			--edit --rmdir --find-copies-harder --copy-similarity=
+			"
+
+		local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+		case "$subcommand,$cur" in
+		fetch,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--revision= --fetch-all $fc_opts"
+			;;
+		clone,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--revision= $fc_opts $init_opts"
+			;;
+		init,--*)
+			__gitcomp "$init_opts"
+			;;
+		dcommit,--*)
+			__gitcomp "
+				--merge --strategy= --verbose --dry-run
+				--fetch-all --no-rebase --commit-url
+				--revision $cmt_opts $fc_opts
+				"
+			;;
+		set-tree,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--stdin $cmt_opts $fc_opts"
+			;;
+		create-ignore,--*|propget,--*|proplist,--*|show-ignore,--*|\
+		show-externals,--*|mkdirs,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--revision="
+			;;
+		log,--*)
+			__gitcomp "
+				--limit= --revision= --verbose --incremental
+				--oneline --show-commit --non-recursive
+				--authors-file= --color
+				"
+			;;
+		rebase,--*)
+			__gitcomp "
+				--merge --verbose --strategy= --local
+				--fetch-all --dry-run $fc_opts
+				"
+			;;
+		commit-diff,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--message= --file= --revision= $cmt_opts"
+			;;
+		info,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--url"
+			;;
+		branch,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--dry-run --message --tag"
+			;;
+		tag,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--dry-run --message"
+			;;
+		blame,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--git-format"
+			;;
+		migrate,--*)
+			__gitcomp "
+				--config-dir= --ignore-paths= --minimize
+				--no-auth-cache --username=
+				"
+			;;
+		reset,--*)
+			__gitcomp "--revision= --parent"
+			;;
+		*)
+			COMPREPLY=()
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+}
+
+_git_tag ()
+{
+	local i c=1 f=0
+	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
+		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		case "$i" in
+		-d|-v)
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_tags)"
+			return
+			;;
+		-f)
+			f=1
+			;;
+		esac
+		c=$((++c))
+	done
+
+	case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" in
+	-m|-F)
+		COMPREPLY=()
+		;;
+	-*|tag)
+		if [ $f = 1 ]; then
+			__gitcomp "$(__git_tags)"
+		else
+			COMPREPLY=()
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git ()
+{
+	local i c=1 command __git_dir
+
+	while [ $c -lt $COMP_CWORD ]; do
+		i="${COMP_WORDS[c]}"
+		case "$i" in
+		--git-dir=*) __git_dir="${i#--git-dir=}" ;;
+		--bare)      __git_dir="." ;;
+		--version|-p|--paginate) ;;
+		--help) command="help"; break ;;
+		*) command="$i"; break ;;
+		esac
+		c=$((++c))
+	done
+
+	if [ -z "$command" ]; then
+		case "${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" in
+		--*)   __gitcomp "
+			--paginate
+			--no-pager
+			--git-dir=
+			--bare
+			--version
+			--exec-path
+			--html-path
+			--work-tree=
+			--help
+			"
+			;;
+		*)     __git_compute_porcelain_commands
+		       __gitcomp "$__git_porcelain_commands $(__git_aliases)" ;;
+		esac
+		return
+	fi
+
+	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
+	[ "$expansion" ] && command="$expansion"
+
+	case "$command" in
+	am)          _git_am ;;
+	add)         _git_add ;;
+	apply)       _git_apply ;;
+	archive)     _git_archive ;;
+	bisect)      _git_bisect ;;
+	bundle)      _git_bundle ;;
+	branch)      _git_branch ;;
+	checkout)    _git_checkout ;;
+	cherry)      _git_cherry ;;
+	cherry-pick) _git_cherry_pick ;;
+	clean)       _git_clean ;;
+	clone)       _git_clone ;;
+	commit)      _git_commit ;;
+	config)      _git_config ;;
+	describe)    _git_describe ;;
+	diff)        _git_diff ;;
+	difftool)    _git_difftool ;;
+	fetch)       _git_fetch ;;
+	format-patch) _git_format_patch ;;
+	fsck)        _git_fsck ;;
+	gc)          _git_gc ;;
+	grep)        _git_grep ;;
+	help)        _git_help ;;
+	init)        _git_init ;;
+	log)         _git_log ;;
+	ls-files)    _git_ls_files ;;
+	ls-remote)   _git_ls_remote ;;
+	ls-tree)     _git_ls_tree ;;
+	merge)       _git_merge;;
+	mergetool)   _git_mergetool;;
+	merge-base)  _git_merge_base ;;
+	mv)          _git_mv ;;
+	name-rev)    _git_name_rev ;;
+	notes)       _git_notes ;;
+	pull)        _git_pull ;;
+	push)        _git_push ;;
+	rebase)      _git_rebase ;;
+	remote)      _git_remote ;;
+	replace)     _git_replace ;;
+	reset)       _git_reset ;;
+	revert)      _git_revert ;;
+	rm)          _git_rm ;;
+	send-email)  _git_send_email ;;
+	shortlog)    _git_shortlog ;;
+	show)        _git_show ;;
+	show-branch) _git_show_branch ;;
+	stash)       _git_stash ;;
+	stage)       _git_add ;;
+	submodule)   _git_submodule ;;
+	svn)         _git_svn ;;
+	tag)         _git_tag ;;
+	whatchanged) _git_log ;;
+	*)           COMPREPLY=() ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_gitk ()
+{
+	__git_has_doubledash && return
+
+	local cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"
+	local g="$(__gitdir)"
+	local merge=""
+	if [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+		merge="--merge"
+	fi
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			$__git_log_common_options
+			$__git_log_gitk_options
+			$merge
+			"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
+	__git_complete_revlist
+}
+
+complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git 2>/dev/null \
+	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git
+complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _gitk gitk 2>/dev/null \
+	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _gitk gitk
+
+# The following are necessary only for Cygwin, and only are needed
+# when the user has tab-completed the executable name and consequently
+# included the '.exe' suffix.
+#
+if [ Cygwin = "$(uname -o 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe 2>/dev/null \
+	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon b/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4009a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# A daemon that waits for update events sent by its companion
+# post-receive-cinotify hook, checks out a new copy of source,
+# compiles it, and emails the guilty parties if the compile
+# (and optionally test suite) fails.
+#
+# To use this daemon, configure it and run it.  It will disconnect
+# from your terminal and fork into the background.  The daemon must
+# have local filesystem access to the source repositories, as it
+# uses objects/info/alternates to avoid copying objects.
+#
+# Add its companion post-receive-cinotify hook as the post-receive
+# hook to each repository that the daemon should monitor.  Yes, a
+# single daemon can monitor more than one repository.
+#
+# To use multiple daemons on the same system, give them each a
+# unique queue file and tmpdir.
+#
+# Global Config
+# -------------
+# Reads from a Git style configuration file.  This will be
+# ~/.gitconfig by default but can be overridden by setting
+# the GIT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable before starting.
+#
+# cidaemon.smtpHost
+#   Hostname of the SMTP server the daemon will send email
+#   through.  Defaults to 'localhost'.
+#
+# cidaemon.smtpUser
+#   Username to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
+#   variable is optional; if it is not supplied then no
+#   authentication will be performed.
+#
+# cidaemon.smtpPassword
+#   Password to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
+#   variable is optional.  If not supplied but smtpUser was,
+#   the daemon prompts for the password before forking into
+#   the background.
+#
+# cidaemon.smtpAuth
+#   Type of authentication to perform with the SMTP server.
+#   If set to 'login' and smtpUser was defined, this will
+#   use the AUTH LOGIN command, which is suitable for use
+#   with at least one version of Microsoft Exchange Server.
+#   If not set the daemon will use whatever auth methods
+#   are supported by your version of Net::SMTP.
+#
+# cidaemon.email
+#   Email address that daemon generated emails will be sent
+#   from.  This should be a useful email address within your
+#   organization.  Required.
+#
+# cidaemon.name
+#   Human friendly name that the daemon will send emails as.
+#   Defaults to 'cidaemon'.
+#
+# cidaemon.scanDelay
+#   Number of seconds to sleep between polls of the queue file.
+#   Defaults to 60.
+#
+# cidaemon.recentCache
+#   Number of recent commit SHA-1s per repository to cache and
+#   skip building if they appear again.  This is useful to avoid
+#   rebuilding the same commit multiple times just because it was
+#   pushed into more than one branch.  Defaults to 100.
+#
+# cidaemon.tmpdir
+#   Scratch directory to create the builds within.  The daemon
+#   makes a new subdirectory for each build, then deletes it when
+#   the build has finished.  The pid file is also placed here.
+#   Defaults to '/tmp'.
+#
+# cidaemon.queue
+#   Path to the queue file that the post-receive-cinotify hook
+#   appends events to.  This file is polled by the daemon.  It
+#   must not be on an NFS mount (uses flock).  Required.
+#
+# cidaemon.nocc
+#   Perl regex patterns to match against author and committer
+#   lines.  If a pattern matches, that author or committer will
+#   not be notified of a build failure.
+#
+# Per Repository Config
+# ----------------------
+# Read from the source repository's config file.
+#
+# builder.command
+#   Shell command to execute the build.  This command must
+#   return 0 on "success" and non-zero on failure.  If you
+#   also want to run a test suite, make sure your command
+#   does that too.  Required.
+#
+# builder.queue
+#   Queue file to notify the cidaemon through.  Should match
+#   cidaemon.queue.  If not set the hook will not notify the
+#   cidaemon.
+#
+# builder.skip
+#   Perl regex patterns of refs that should not be sent to
+#   cidaemon.  Updates of these refs will be ignored.
+#
+# builder.newBranchBase
+#   Glob patterns of refs that should be used to form the
+#   'old' revions of a newly created ref.  This should set
+#   to be globs that match your 'mainline' branches.  This
+#   way a build failure of a brand new topic branch does not
+#   attempt to email everyone since the beginning of time;
+#   instead it only emails those authors of commits not in
+#   these 'mainline' branches.
+
+local $ENV{PATH} = join ':', qw(
+	/opt/git/bin
+	/usr/bin
+	/bin
+	);
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use FindBin qw($RealBin);
+use File::Spec;
+use lib File::Spec->catfile($RealBin, '..', 'perl5');
+use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
+use Fcntl ':flock';
+use POSIX qw(strftime);
+use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev auto_help);
+
+sub git_config ($;$)
+{
+	my $var = shift;
+	my $required = shift || 0;
+	local *GIT;
+	open GIT, '-|','git','config','--get',$var;
+	my $r = <GIT>;
+	chop $r if $r;
+	close GIT;
+	die "error: $var not set.\n" if ($required && !$r);
+	return $r;
+}
+
+package EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP;
+
+# Microsoft Exchange Server requires an 'AUTH LOGIN'
+# style of authentication.  This is different from
+# the default supported by Net::SMTP so we subclass
+# and override the auth method to support that.
+
+use Net::SMTP;
+use Net::Cmd;
+use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64);
+our @ISA = qw(Net::SMTP);
+our $auth_type = ::git_config 'cidaemon.smtpAuth';
+
+sub new
+{
+	my $self = shift;
+	my $type = ref($self) || $self;
+	$type->SUPER::new(@_);
+}
+
+sub auth
+{
+	my $self = shift;
+	return $self->SUPER::auth(@_) unless $auth_type eq 'login';
+
+	my $user = encode_base64 shift, '';
+	my $pass = encode_base64 shift, '';
+	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command("AUTH LOGIN")->response;
+	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command($user)->response;
+	CMD_OK == $self->command($pass)->response;
+}
+
+package main;
+
+my ($debug_flag, %recent);
+
+my $ex_host = git_config('cidaemon.smtpHost') || 'localhost';
+my $ex_user = git_config('cidaemon.smtpUser');
+my $ex_pass = git_config('cidaemon.smtpPassword');
+
+my $ex_from_addr = git_config('cidaemon.email', 1);
+my $ex_from_name = git_config('cidaemon.name') || 'cidaemon';
+
+my $scan_delay = git_config('cidaemon.scanDelay') || 60;
+my $recent_size = git_config('cidaemon.recentCache') || 100;
+my $tmpdir = git_config('cidaemon.tmpdir') || '/tmp';
+my $queue_name = git_config('cidaemon.queue', 1);
+my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
+
+my @nocc_list;
+open GIT,'git config --get-all cidaemon.nocc|';
+while (<GIT>) {
+	chop;
+	push @nocc_list, $_;
+}
+close GIT;
+
+sub nocc_author ($)
+{
+	local $_ = shift;
+	foreach my $pat (@nocc_list) {
+		return 1 if /$pat/;
+	}
+	0;
+}
+
+sub input_echo ($)
+{
+	my $prompt = shift;
+
+	local $| = 1;
+	print $prompt;
+	my $input = <STDIN>;
+	chop $input;
+	return $input;
+}
+
+sub input_noecho ($)
+{
+	my $prompt = shift;
+
+	my $end = sub {system('stty','echo');print "\n";exit};
+	local $SIG{TERM} = $end;
+	local $SIG{INT} = $end;
+	system('stty','-echo');
+
+	local $| = 1;
+	print $prompt;
+	my $input = <STDIN>;
+	system('stty','echo');
+	print "\n";
+	chop $input;
+	return $input;
+}
+
+sub rfc2822_date ()
+{
+	 strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime);
+}
+
+sub send_email ($$$)
+{
+	my ($subj, $body, $to) = @_;
+	my $now = rfc2822_date;
+	my $to_str = '';
+	my @rcpt_to;
+	foreach (@$to) {
+		my $s = $_;
+		$s =~ s/^/"/;
+		$s =~ s/(\s+<)/"$1/;
+		$to_str .= ', ' if $to_str;
+		$to_str .= $s;
+		push @rcpt_to, $1 if $s =~ /<(.*)>/;
+	}
+	die "Nobody to send to.\n" unless @rcpt_to;
+	my $msg = <<EOF;
+From: "$ex_from_name" <$ex_from_addr>
+To: $to_str
+Date: $now
+Subject: $subj
+
+$body
+EOF
+
+	my $smtp = EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP->new(Host => $ex_host)
+		or die "Cannot connect to $ex_host: $!\n";
+	if ($ex_user && $ex_pass) {
+		$smtp->auth($ex_user,$ex_pass)
+			or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_user\n";
+	}
+	$smtp->mail($ex_from_addr)
+		or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_from_addr\n";
+	scalar($smtp->recipient(@rcpt_to, { SkipBad => 1 }))
+		or die "$ex_host did not accept any addresses.\n";
+	$smtp->data($msg)
+		or die "$ex_host rejected message data\n";
+	$smtp->quit;
+}
+
+sub pop_queue ()
+{
+	open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
+	flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
+
+	my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
+	my $ent = shift @$queue;
+	nstore $queue, $queue_name;
+
+	flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
+	close LOCK;
+	$ent;
+}
+
+sub git_exec (@)
+{
+	system('git',@_) == 0 or die "Cannot git " . join(' ', @_) . "\n";
+}
+
+sub git_val (@)
+{
+	open(C, '-|','git',@_);
+	my $r = <C>;
+	chop $r if $r;
+	close C;
+	$r;
+}
+
+sub do_build ($$)
+{
+	my ($git_dir, $new) = @_;
+
+	my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "builder$$");
+	system('rm','-rf',$tmp) == 0 or die "Cannot clear $tmp\n";
+	die "Cannot clear $tmp.\n" if -e $tmp;
+
+	my $result = 1;
+	eval {
+		my $command;
+		{
+			local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+			$command = git_val 'config','builder.command';
+		}
+		die "No builder.command for $git_dir.\n" unless $command;
+
+		git_exec 'clone','-n','-l','-s',$git_dir,$tmp;
+		chmod 0700, $tmp or die "Cannot lock $tmp\n";
+		chdir $tmp or die "Cannot enter $tmp\n";
+
+		git_exec 'update-ref','HEAD',$new;
+		git_exec 'read-tree','-m','-u','HEAD','HEAD';
+		system $command;
+		if ($? == -1) {
+			print STDERR "failed to execute '$command': $!\n";
+			$result = 1;
+		} elsif ($? & 127) {
+			my $sig = $? & 127;
+			print STDERR "'$command' died from signal $sig\n";
+			$result = 1;
+		} else {
+			my $r = $? >> 8;
+			print STDERR "'$command' exited with $r\n" if $r;
+			$result = $r;
+		}
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		$result = 2;
+		print STDERR "$@\n";
+	}
+
+	chdir '/';
+	system('rm','-rf',$tmp);
+	rmdir $tmp;
+	$result;
+}
+
+sub build_failed ($$$$$)
+{
+	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $msg) = @_;
+
+	$git_dir =~ m,/([^/]+)$,;
+	my $repo_name = $1;
+	$ref =~ s,^refs/(heads|tags)/,,;
+
+	my %authors;
+	my $shortlog;
+	my $revstr;
+	{
+		local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+		my @revs = ($new);
+		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
+		open LOG,'-|','git','rev-list','--pretty=raw',@revs;
+		while (<LOG>) {
+			if (s/^(author|committer) //) {
+				chomp;
+				s/>.*$/>/;
+				$authors{$_} = 1 unless nocc_author $_;
+			}
+		}
+		close LOG;
+		open LOG,'-|','git','shortlog',@revs;
+		$shortlog .= $_ while <LOG>;
+		close LOG;
+		$revstr = join(' ', @revs);
+	}
+
+	my @to = sort keys %authors;
+	unless (@to) {
+		print STDERR "error: No authors in $revstr\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my $subject = "[$repo_name] $ref : Build Failed";
+	my $body = <<EOF;
+Project: $git_dir
+Branch:  $ref
+Commits: $revstr
+
+$shortlog
+Build Output:
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+$msg
+EOF
+	send_email($subject, $body, \@to);
+}
+
+sub run_build ($$$$)
+{
+	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @_;
+
+	if ($debug_flag) {
+		my @revs = ($new);
+		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
+		print "BUILDING $git_dir\n";
+		print "  BRANCH: $ref\n";
+		print "  COMMITS: ", join(' ', @revs), "\n";
+	}
+
+	local(*R, *W);
+	pipe R, W or die "cannot pipe builder: $!";
+
+	my $builder = fork();
+	if (!defined $builder) {
+		die "cannot fork builder: $!";
+	} elsif (0 == $builder) {
+		close R;
+		close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
+		open(STDOUT, '>&W');
+		open(STDERR, '>&W');
+		exit do_build $git_dir, $new;
+	} else {
+		close W;
+		my $out = '';
+		$out .= $_ while <R>;
+		close R;
+		waitpid $builder, 0;
+		build_failed $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $out if $?;
+	}
+
+	print "DONE\n\n" if $debug_flag;
+}
+
+sub daemon_loop ()
+{
+	my $run = 1;
+	my $stop_sub = sub {$run = 0};
+	$SIG{HUP} = $stop_sub;
+	$SIG{INT} = $stop_sub;
+	$SIG{TERM} = $stop_sub;
+
+	mkdir $tmpdir, 0755;
+	my $pidfile = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "cidaemon.pid");
+	open(O, ">$pidfile"); print O "$$\n"; close O;
+
+	while ($run) {
+		my $ent = pop_queue;
+		if ($ent) {
+			my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @$ent;
+
+			$ent = $recent{$git_dir};
+			$recent{$git_dir} = $ent = [[], {}] unless $ent;
+			my ($rec_arr, $rec_hash) = @$ent;
+			next if $rec_hash->{$new}++;
+			while (@$rec_arr >= $recent_size) {
+				my $to_kill = shift @$rec_arr;
+				delete $rec_hash->{$to_kill};
+			}
+			push @$rec_arr, $new;
+
+			run_build $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new;
+		} else {
+			sleep $scan_delay;
+		}
+	}
+
+	unlink $pidfile;
+}
+
+$debug_flag = 0;
+GetOptions(
+	'debug|d' => \$debug_flag,
+	'smtp-user=s' => \$ex_user,
+) or die "usage: $0 [--debug] [--smtp-user=user]\n";
+
+$ex_pass = input_noecho("$ex_user SMTP password: ")
+	if ($ex_user && !$ex_pass);
+
+if ($debug_flag) {
+	daemon_loop;
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my $daemon = fork();
+if (!defined $daemon) {
+	die "cannot fork daemon: $!";
+} elsif (0 == $daemon) {
+	close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
+	close STDOUT;open(STDOUT, '>/dev/null');
+	close STDERR;open(STDERR, '>/dev/null');
+	daemon_loop;
+	exit 0;
+} else {
+	print "Daemon $daemon running in the background.\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify b/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8f5a60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# A hook that notifies its companion cidaemon through a simple
+# queue file that a ref has been updated via a push (actually
+# by a receive-pack running on the server).
+#
+# See cidaemon for per-repository configuration details.
+#
+# To use this hook, add it as the post-receive hook, make it
+# executable, and set its configuration options.
+#
+
+local $ENV{PATH} = '/opt/git/bin';
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use File::Spec;
+use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
+use Fcntl ':flock';
+
+my $git_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
+my $queue_name = `git config --get builder.queue`;chop $queue_name;
+$queue_name =~ m,^([^\s]+)$,; $queue_name = $1; # untaint
+unless ($queue_name) {
+	1 while <STDIN>;
+	print STDERR "\nerror: builder.queue not set.  Not enqueing.\n\n";
+	exit;
+}
+my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
+
+my @skip;
+open S, "git config --get-all builder.skip|";
+while (<S>) {
+	chop;
+	push @skip, $_;
+}
+close S;
+
+my @new_branch_base;
+open S, "git config --get-all builder.newBranchBase|";
+while (<S>) {
+	chop;
+	push @new_branch_base, $_;
+}
+close S;
+
+sub skip ($)
+{
+	local $_ = shift;
+	foreach my $p (@skip) {
+		return 1 if /^$p/;
+	}
+	0;
+}
+
+open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
+flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
+
+my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
+my %existing;
+foreach my $r (@$queue) {
+	my ($gd, $ref) = @$r;
+	$existing{$gd}{$ref} = $r;
+}
+
+my @new_branch_commits;
+my $loaded_new_branch_commits = 0;
+
+while (<STDIN>) {
+	chop;
+	my ($old, $new, $ref) = split / /, $_, 3;
+
+	next if $old eq $new;
+	next if $new =~ /^0{40}$/;
+	next if skip $ref;
+
+	my $r = $existing{$git_dir}{$ref};
+	if ($r) {
+		$r->[3] = $new;
+	} else {
+		if ($old =~ /^0{40}$/) {
+			if (!$loaded_new_branch_commits && @new_branch_base) {
+				open M,'-|','git','show-ref',@new_branch_base;
+				while (<M>) {
+					($_) = split / /, $_;
+					push @new_branch_commits, $_;
+				}
+				close M;
+				$loaded_new_branch_commits = 1;
+			}
+			$old = [@new_branch_commits];
+		} else {
+			$old = [$old];
+		}
+
+		$r = [$git_dir, $ref, $old, $new];
+		$existing{$git_dir}{$ref} = $r;
+		push @$queue, $r;
+	}
+}
+nstore $queue, $queue_name;
+
+flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
+close LOCK;
diff --git a/contrib/convert-objects/convert-objects.c b/contrib/convert-objects/convert-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3b57bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/convert-objects/convert-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+
+struct entry {
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	int converted;
+};
+
+#define MAXOBJECTS (1000000)
+
+static struct entry *convert[MAXOBJECTS];
+static int nr_convert;
+
+static struct entry * convert_entry(unsigned char *sha1);
+
+static struct entry *insert_new(unsigned char *sha1, int pos)
+{
+	struct entry *new = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct entry));
+	hashcpy(new->old_sha1, sha1);
+	memmove(convert + pos + 1, convert + pos, (nr_convert - pos) * sizeof(struct entry *));
+	convert[pos] = new;
+	nr_convert++;
+	if (nr_convert == MAXOBJECTS)
+		die("you're kidding me - hit maximum object limit");
+	return new;
+}
+
+static struct entry *lookup_entry(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int low = 0, high = nr_convert;
+
+	while (low < high) {
+		int next = (low + high) / 2;
+		struct entry *n = convert[next];
+		int cmp = hashcmp(sha1, n->old_sha1);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return n;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			high = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		low = next+1;
+	}
+	return insert_new(sha1, low);
+}
+
+static void convert_binary_sha1(void *buffer)
+{
+	struct entry *entry = convert_entry(buffer);
+	hashcpy(buffer, entry->new_sha1);
+}
+
+static void convert_ascii_sha1(void *buffer)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct entry *entry;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1))
+		die("expected sha1, got '%s'", (char *) buffer);
+	entry = convert_entry(sha1);
+	memcpy(buffer, sha1_to_hex(entry->new_sha1), 40);
+}
+
+static unsigned int convert_mode(unsigned int mode)
+{
+	unsigned int newmode;
+
+	newmode = mode & S_IFMT;
+	if (S_ISREG(mode))
+		newmode |= (mode & 0100) ? 0755 : 0644;
+	return newmode;
+}
+
+static int write_subdirectory(void *buffer, unsigned long size, const char *base, int baselen, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	char *new = xmalloc(size);
+	unsigned long newlen = 0;
+	unsigned long used;
+
+	used = 0;
+	while (size) {
+		int len = 21 + strlen(buffer);
+		char *path = strchr(buffer, ' ');
+		unsigned char *sha1;
+		unsigned int mode;
+		char *slash, *origpath;
+
+		if (!path || strtoul_ui(buffer, 8, &mode))
+			die("bad tree conversion");
+		mode = convert_mode(mode);
+		path++;
+		if (memcmp(path, base, baselen))
+			break;
+		origpath = path;
+		path += baselen;
+		slash = strchr(path, '/');
+		if (!slash) {
+			newlen += sprintf(new + newlen, "%o %s", mode, path);
+			new[newlen++] = '\0';
+			hashcpy((unsigned char *)new + newlen, (unsigned char *) buffer + len - 20);
+			newlen += 20;
+
+			used += len;
+			size -= len;
+			buffer = (char *) buffer + len;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		newlen += sprintf(new + newlen, "%o %.*s", S_IFDIR, (int)(slash - path), path);
+		new[newlen++] = 0;
+		sha1 = (unsigned char *)(new + newlen);
+		newlen += 20;
+
+		len = write_subdirectory(buffer, size, origpath, slash-origpath+1, sha1);
+
+		used += len;
+		size -= len;
+		buffer = (char *) buffer + len;
+	}
+
+	write_sha1_file(new, newlen, tree_type, result_sha1);
+	free(new);
+	return used;
+}
+
+static void convert_tree(void *buffer, unsigned long size, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	void *orig_buffer = buffer;
+	unsigned long orig_size = size;
+
+	while (size) {
+		size_t len = 1+strlen(buffer);
+
+		convert_binary_sha1((char *) buffer + len);
+
+		len += 20;
+		if (len > size)
+			die("corrupt tree object");
+		size -= len;
+		buffer = (char *) buffer + len;
+	}
+
+	write_subdirectory(orig_buffer, orig_size, "", 0, result_sha1);
+}
+
+static unsigned long parse_oldstyle_date(const char *buf)
+{
+	char c, *p;
+	char buffer[100];
+	struct tm tm;
+	const char *formats[] = {
+		"%c",
+		"%a %b %d %T",
+		"%Z",
+		"%Y",
+		" %Y",
+		NULL
+	};
+	/* We only ever did two timezones in the bad old format .. */
+	const char *timezones[] = {
+		"PDT", "PST", "CEST", NULL
+	};
+	const char **fmt = formats;
+
+	p = buffer;
+	while (isspace(c = *buf))
+		buf++;
+	while ((c = *buf++) != '\n')
+		*p++ = c;
+	*p++ = 0;
+	buf = buffer;
+	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
+	do {
+		const char *next = strptime(buf, *fmt, &tm);
+		if (next) {
+			if (!*next)
+				return mktime(&tm);
+			buf = next;
+		} else {
+			const char **p = timezones;
+			while (isspace(*buf))
+				buf++;
+			while (*p) {
+				if (!memcmp(buf, *p, strlen(*p))) {
+					buf += strlen(*p);
+					break;
+				}
+				p++;
+			}
+		}
+		fmt++;
+	} while (*buf && *fmt);
+	printf("left: %s\n", buf);
+	return mktime(&tm);
+}
+
+static int convert_date_line(char *dst, void **buf, unsigned long *sp)
+{
+	unsigned long size = *sp;
+	char *line = *buf;
+	char *next = strchr(line, '\n');
+	char *date = strchr(line, '>');
+	int len;
+
+	if (!next || !date)
+		die("missing or bad author/committer line %s", line);
+	next++; date += 2;
+
+	*buf = next;
+	*sp = size - (next - line);
+
+	len = date - line;
+	memcpy(dst, line, len);
+	dst += len;
+
+	/* Is it already in new format? */
+	if (isdigit(*date)) {
+		int datelen = next - date;
+		memcpy(dst, date, datelen);
+		return len + datelen;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Hacky hacky: one of the sparse old-style commits does not have
+	 * any date at all, but we can fake it by using the committer date.
+	 */
+	if (*date == '\n' && strchr(next, '>'))
+		date = strchr(next, '>')+2;
+
+	return len + sprintf(dst, "%lu -0700\n", parse_oldstyle_date(date));
+}
+
+static void convert_date(void *buffer, unsigned long size, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	char *new = xmalloc(size + 100);
+	unsigned long newlen = 0;
+
+	/* "tree <sha1>\n" */
+	memcpy(new + newlen, buffer, 46);
+	newlen += 46;
+	buffer = (char *) buffer + 46;
+	size -= 46;
+
+	/* "parent <sha1>\n" */
+	while (!memcmp(buffer, "parent ", 7)) {
+		memcpy(new + newlen, buffer, 48);
+		newlen += 48;
+		buffer = (char *) buffer + 48;
+		size -= 48;
+	}
+
+	/* "author xyz <xyz> date" */
+	newlen += convert_date_line(new + newlen, &buffer, &size);
+	/* "committer xyz <xyz> date" */
+	newlen += convert_date_line(new + newlen, &buffer, &size);
+
+	/* Rest */
+	memcpy(new + newlen, buffer, size);
+	newlen += size;
+
+	write_sha1_file(new, newlen, commit_type, result_sha1);
+	free(new);
+}
+
+static void convert_commit(void *buffer, unsigned long size, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	void *orig_buffer = buffer;
+	unsigned long orig_size = size;
+
+	if (memcmp(buffer, "tree ", 5))
+		die("Bad commit '%s'", (char *) buffer);
+	convert_ascii_sha1((char *) buffer + 5);
+	buffer = (char *) buffer + 46;    /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+	while (!memcmp(buffer, "parent ", 7)) {
+		convert_ascii_sha1((char *) buffer + 7);
+		buffer = (char *) buffer + 48;
+	}
+	convert_date(orig_buffer, orig_size, result_sha1);
+}
+
+static struct entry * convert_entry(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct entry *entry = lookup_entry(sha1);
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *buffer, *data;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (entry->converted)
+		return entry;
+	data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!data)
+		die("unable to read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	buffer = xmalloc(size);
+	memcpy(buffer, data, size);
+
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		write_sha1_file(buffer, size, blob_type, entry->new_sha1);
+	} else if (type == OBJ_TREE)
+		convert_tree(buffer, size, entry->new_sha1);
+	else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		convert_commit(buffer, size, entry->new_sha1);
+	else
+		die("unknown object type %d in %s", type, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	entry->converted = 1;
+	free(buffer);
+	free(data);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct entry *entry;
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		usage("git-convert-objects <sha1>");
+	if (get_sha1(argv[1], sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[1]);
+
+	entry = convert_entry(sha1);
+	printf("new sha1: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(entry->new_sha1));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt b/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9718abf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+git-convert-objects(1)
+======================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-convert-objects - Converts old-style git repository
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'git-convert-objects'
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Converts old-style git repository to the latest format
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/.gitignore b/contrib/emacs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c531d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/emacs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.elc
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/Makefile b/contrib/emacs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24d9312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/emacs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+## Build and install stuff
+
+EMACS = emacs
+
+ELC = git.elc git-blame.elc
+INSTALL ?= install
+INSTALL_ELC = $(INSTALL) -m 644
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+emacsdir = $(prefix)/share/emacs/site-lisp
+RM ?= rm -f
+
+all: $(ELC)
+
+install: all
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)$(emacsdir)
+	$(INSTALL_ELC) $(ELC:.elc=.el) $(ELC) $(DESTDIR)$(emacsdir)
+
+%.elc: %.el
+	$(EMACS) -batch -f batch-byte-compile $<
+
+clean:; $(RM) $(ELC)
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/README b/contrib/emacs/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82368bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/emacs/README
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+This directory contains various modules for Emacs support.
+
+To make the modules available to Emacs, you should add this directory
+to your load-path, and then require the modules you want. This can be
+done by adding to your .emacs something like this:
+
+  (add-to-list 'load-path ".../git/contrib/emacs")
+  (require 'git)
+  (require 'git-blame)
+
+
+The following modules are available:
+
+* git.el:
+
+  Status manager that displays the state of all the files of the
+  project, and provides easy access to the most frequently used git
+  commands. The user interface is as far as possible compatible with
+  the pcl-cvs mode. It can be started with `M-x git-status'.
+
+* git-blame.el:
+
+  Emacs implementation of incremental git-blame.  When you turn it on
+  while viewing a file, the editor buffer will be updated by setting
+  the background of individual lines to a color that reflects which
+  commit it comes from.  And when you move around the buffer, a
+  one-line summary will be shown in the echo area.
+
+* vc-git.el:
+
+  This file used to contain the VC-mode backend for git, but it is no
+  longer distributed with git. It is now maintained as part of Emacs
+  and included in standard Emacs distributions starting from version
+  22.2.
+
+  If you have an earlier Emacs version, upgrading to Emacs 22 is
+  recommended, since the VC mode in older Emacs is not generic enough
+  to be able to support git in a reasonable manner, and no attempt has
+  been made to backport vc-git.el.
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f4c792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+;;; git-blame.el --- Minor mode for incremental blame for Git  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+;;
+;; Copyright (C) 2007  David Kågedal
+;;
+;; Authors:    David Kågedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+;; Created:    31 Jan 2007
+;; Message-ID: <87iren2vqx.fsf@morpheus.local>
+;; License:    GPL
+;; Keywords:   git, version control, release management
+;;
+;; Compatibility: Emacs21, Emacs22 and EmacsCVS
+;;                Git 1.5 and up
+
+;; This file is *NOT* part of GNU Emacs.
+;; This file is distributed under the same terms as GNU Emacs.
+
+;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+;; published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+;; the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
+;; useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
+;; warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+;; PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+;; License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+;; Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
+;; MA 02111-1307 USA
+
+;; http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html
+
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;
+;;; Commentary:
+;;
+;; Here is an Emacs implementation of incremental git-blame.  When you
+;; turn it on while viewing a file, the editor buffer will be updated by
+;; setting the background of individual lines to a color that reflects
+;; which commit it comes from.  And when you move around the buffer, a
+;; one-line summary will be shown in the echo area.
+
+;;; Installation:
+;;
+;; To use this package, put it somewhere in `load-path' (or add
+;; directory with git-blame.el to `load-path'), and add the following
+;; line to your .emacs:
+;;
+;;    (require 'git-blame)
+;;
+;; If you do not want to load this package before it is necessary, you
+;; can make use of the `autoload' feature, e.g. by adding to your .emacs
+;; the following lines
+;;
+;;    (autoload 'git-blame-mode "git-blame"
+;;              "Minor mode for incremental blame for Git." t)
+;;
+;; Then first use of `M-x git-blame-mode' would load the package.
+
+;;; Compatibility:
+;;
+;; It requires GNU Emacs 21 or later and Git 1.5.0 and up
+;;
+;; If you'are using Emacs 20, try changing this:
+;;
+;;            (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
+;;                                         (cdr (assq 'color (cddddr info)))))
+;;
+;; to
+;;
+;;            (overlay-put ovl 'face (cons 'background-color
+;;                                         (cdr (assq 'color (cddddr info)))))
+
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;
+;;; Code:
+
+(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))			      ; to use `push', `pop'
+
+(defface git-blame-prefix-face
+  '((((background dark)) (:foreground "gray"
+                          :background "black"))
+    (((background light)) (:foreground "gray"
+                           :background "white"))
+    (t (:weight bold)))
+  "The face used for the hash prefix."
+  :group 'git-blame)
+
+(defgroup git-blame nil
+  "A minor mode showing Git blame information."
+  :group 'git
+  :link '(function-link git-blame-mode))
+
+
+(defcustom git-blame-use-colors t
+  "Use colors to indicate commits in `git-blame-mode'."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'git-blame)
+
+(defcustom git-blame-prefix-format
+  "%h %20A:"
+  "The format of the prefix added to each line in `git-blame'
+mode. The format is passed to `format-spec' with the following format keys:
+
+  %h - the abbreviated hash
+  %H - the full hash
+  %a - the author name
+  %A - the author email
+  %c - the committer name
+  %C - the committer email
+  %s - the commit summary
+"
+  :group 'git-blame)
+
+(defcustom git-blame-mouseover-format
+  "%h %a %A: %s"
+  "The format of the description shown when pointing at a line in
+`git-blame' mode. The format string is passed to `format-spec'
+with the following format keys:
+
+  %h - the abbreviated hash
+  %H - the full hash
+  %a - the author name
+  %A - the author email
+  %c - the committer name
+  %C - the committer email
+  %s - the commit summary
+"
+  :group 'git-blame)
+
+
+(defun git-blame-color-scale (&rest elements)
+  "Given a list, returns a list of triples formed with each
+elements of the list.
+
+a b => bbb bba bab baa abb aba aaa aab"
+  (let (result)
+    (dolist (a elements)
+      (dolist (b elements)
+        (dolist (c elements)
+          (setq result (cons (format "#%s%s%s" a b c) result)))))
+    result))
+
+;; (git-blame-color-scale "0c" "04" "24" "1c" "2c" "34" "14" "3c") =>
+;; ("#3c3c3c" "#3c3c14" "#3c3c34" "#3c3c2c" "#3c3c1c" "#3c3c24"
+;; "#3c3c04" "#3c3c0c" "#3c143c" "#3c1414" "#3c1434" "#3c142c" ...)
+
+(defmacro git-blame-random-pop (l)
+  "Select a random element from L and returns it. Also remove
+selected element from l."
+  ;; only works on lists with unique elements
+  `(let ((e (elt ,l (random (length ,l)))))
+     (setq ,l (remove e ,l))
+     e))
+
+(defvar git-blame-log-oneline-format
+  "format:[%cr] %cn: %s"
+  "*Formatting option used for describing current line in the minibuffer.
+
+This option is used to pass to git log --pretty= command-line option,
+and describe which commit the current line was made.")
+
+(defvar git-blame-dark-colors
+  (git-blame-color-scale "0c" "04" "24" "1c" "2c" "34" "14" "3c")
+  "*List of colors (format #RGB) to use in a dark environment.
+
+To check out the list, evaluate (list-colors-display git-blame-dark-colors).")
+
+(defvar git-blame-light-colors
+  (git-blame-color-scale "c4" "d4" "cc" "dc" "f4" "e4" "fc" "ec")
+  "*List of colors (format #RGB) to use in a light environment.
+
+To check out the list, evaluate (list-colors-display git-blame-light-colors).")
+
+(defvar git-blame-colors '()
+  "Colors used by git-blame. The list is built once when activating git-blame
+minor mode.")
+
+(defvar git-blame-ancient-color "dark green"
+  "*Color to be used for ancient commit.")
+
+(defvar git-blame-autoupdate t
+  "*Automatically update the blame display while editing")
+
+(defvar git-blame-proc nil
+  "The running git-blame process")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-proc)
+
+(defvar git-blame-overlays nil
+  "The git-blame overlays used in the current buffer.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-overlays)
+
+(defvar git-blame-cache nil
+  "A cache of git-blame information for the current buffer")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-cache)
+
+(defvar git-blame-idle-timer nil
+  "An idle timer that updates the blame")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-cache)
+
+(defvar git-blame-update-queue nil
+  "A queue of update requests")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-update-queue)
+
+;; FIXME: docstrings
+(defvar git-blame-file nil)
+(defvar git-blame-current nil)
+
+(defvar git-blame-mode nil)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-mode)
+
+(defvar git-blame-mode-line-string " blame"
+  "String to display on the mode line when git-blame is active.")
+
+(or (assq 'git-blame-mode minor-mode-alist)
+    (setq minor-mode-alist
+	  (cons '(git-blame-mode git-blame-mode-line-string) minor-mode-alist)))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun git-blame-mode (&optional arg)
+  "Toggle minor mode for displaying Git blame
+
+With prefix ARG, turn the mode on if ARG is positive."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (cond
+   ((null arg)
+    (if git-blame-mode (git-blame-mode-off) (git-blame-mode-on)))
+   ((> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0) (git-blame-mode-on))
+   (t (git-blame-mode-off))))
+
+(defun git-blame-mode-on ()
+  "Turn on git-blame mode.
+
+See also function `git-blame-mode'."
+  (make-local-variable 'git-blame-colors)
+  (if git-blame-autoupdate
+      (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'git-blame-after-change nil t)
+    (remove-hook 'after-change-functions 'git-blame-after-change t))
+  (git-blame-cleanup)
+  (let ((bgmode (cdr (assoc 'background-mode (frame-parameters)))))
+    (if (eq bgmode 'dark)
+	(setq git-blame-colors git-blame-dark-colors)
+      (setq git-blame-colors git-blame-light-colors)))
+  (setq git-blame-cache (make-hash-table :test 'equal))
+  (setq git-blame-mode t)
+  (git-blame-run))
+
+(defun git-blame-mode-off ()
+  "Turn off git-blame mode.
+
+See also function `git-blame-mode'."
+  (git-blame-cleanup)
+  (if git-blame-idle-timer (cancel-timer git-blame-idle-timer))
+  (setq git-blame-mode nil))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun git-reblame ()
+  "Recalculate all blame information in the current buffer"
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-blame-mode
+    (error "Git-blame is not active"))
+
+  (git-blame-cleanup)
+  (git-blame-run))
+
+(defun git-blame-run (&optional startline endline)
+  (if git-blame-proc
+      ;; Should maybe queue up a new run here
+      (message "Already running git blame")
+    (let ((display-buf (current-buffer))
+          (blame-buf (get-buffer-create
+                      (concat " git blame for " (buffer-name))))
+          (args '("--incremental" "--contents" "-")))
+      (if startline
+          (setq args (append args
+                             (list "-L" (format "%d,%d" startline endline)))))
+      (setq args (append args
+                         (list (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))
+      (setq git-blame-proc
+            (apply 'start-process
+                   "git-blame" blame-buf
+                   "git" "blame"
+                   args))
+      (with-current-buffer blame-buf
+        (erase-buffer)
+        (make-local-variable 'git-blame-file)
+        (make-local-variable 'git-blame-current)
+        (setq git-blame-file display-buf)
+        (setq git-blame-current nil))
+      (set-process-filter git-blame-proc 'git-blame-filter)
+      (set-process-sentinel git-blame-proc 'git-blame-sentinel)
+      (process-send-region git-blame-proc (point-min) (point-max))
+      (process-send-eof git-blame-proc))))
+
+(defun remove-git-blame-text-properties (start end)
+  (let ((modified (buffer-modified-p))
+        (inhibit-read-only t))
+    (remove-text-properties start end '(point-entered nil))
+    (set-buffer-modified-p modified)))
+
+(defun git-blame-cleanup ()
+  "Remove all blame properties"
+    (mapcar 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
+    (setq git-blame-overlays nil)
+    (remove-git-blame-text-properties (point-min) (point-max)))
+
+(defun git-blame-update-region (start end)
+  "Rerun blame to get updates between START and END"
+  (let ((overlays (overlays-in start end)))
+    (while overlays
+      (let ((overlay (pop overlays)))
+        (if (< (overlay-start overlay) start)
+            (setq start (overlay-start overlay)))
+        (if (> (overlay-end overlay) end)
+            (setq end (overlay-end overlay)))
+        (setq git-blame-overlays (delete overlay git-blame-overlays))
+        (delete-overlay overlay))))
+  (remove-git-blame-text-properties start end)
+  ;; We can be sure that start and end are at line breaks
+  (git-blame-run (1+ (count-lines (point-min) start))
+                 (count-lines (point-min) end)))
+
+(defun git-blame-sentinel (proc status)
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc)
+    (with-current-buffer git-blame-file
+      (setq git-blame-proc nil)
+      (if git-blame-update-queue
+          (git-blame-delayed-update))))
+  ;;(kill-buffer (process-buffer proc))
+  ;;(message "git blame finished")
+  )
+
+(defvar in-blame-filter nil)
+
+(defun git-blame-filter (proc str)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-buffer (process-buffer proc))
+    (goto-char (process-mark proc))
+    (insert-before-markers str)
+    (goto-char 0)
+    (unless in-blame-filter
+      (let ((more t)
+            (in-blame-filter t))
+        (while more
+          (setq more (git-blame-parse)))))))
+
+(defun git-blame-parse ()
+  (cond ((looking-at "\\([0-9a-f]\\{40\\}\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\)\n")
+         (let ((hash (match-string 1))
+               (src-line (string-to-number (match-string 2)))
+               (res-line (string-to-number (match-string 3)))
+               (num-lines (string-to-number (match-string 4))))
+           (delete-region (point) (match-end 0))
+           (setq git-blame-current (list (git-blame-new-commit hash)
+                                         src-line res-line num-lines)))
+         t)
+        ((looking-at "\\([a-z-]+\\) \\(.+\\)\n")
+         (let ((key (match-string 1))
+               (value (match-string 2)))
+           (delete-region (point) (match-end 0))
+           (git-blame-add-info (car git-blame-current) key value)
+           (when (string= key "filename")
+             (git-blame-create-overlay (car git-blame-current)
+                                       (caddr git-blame-current)
+                                       (cadddr git-blame-current))
+             (setq git-blame-current nil)))
+         t)
+        (t
+         nil)))
+
+(defun git-blame-new-commit (hash)
+  (with-current-buffer git-blame-file
+    (or (gethash hash git-blame-cache)
+        ;; Assign a random color to each new commit info
+        ;; Take care not to select the same color multiple times
+        (let* ((color (if git-blame-colors
+                          (git-blame-random-pop git-blame-colors)
+                        git-blame-ancient-color))
+               (info `(,hash (color . ,color))))
+          (puthash hash info git-blame-cache)
+          info))))
+
+(defun git-blame-create-overlay (info start-line num-lines)
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-buffer git-blame-file)
+    (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
+          (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
+      (goto-line start-line)
+      (let* ((start (point))
+             (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
+             (ovl (make-overlay start end))
+             (hash (car info))
+             (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
+                     (?H . ,hash)
+                     (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
+                     (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
+                     (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
+                     (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
+                     (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
+        (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
+        (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
+        (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
+                     (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
+        (if git-blame-use-colors
+            (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
+                                         (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
+        (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
+                     (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
+                                 'face 'git-blame-prefix-face))))))
+
+(defun git-blame-add-info (info key value)
+  (nconc info (list (cons (intern key) value))))
+
+(defun git-blame-get-info (info key)
+  (cdr (assq key (cdr info))))
+
+(defun git-blame-current-commit ()
+  (let ((info (get-char-property (point) 'git-blame)))
+    (if info
+        (car info)
+      (error "No commit info"))))
+
+(defun git-describe-commit (hash)
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (call-process "git" nil t nil
+                  "log" "-1"
+		  (concat "--pretty=" git-blame-log-oneline-format)
+                  hash)
+    (buffer-substring (point-min) (point-max))))
+
+(defvar git-blame-last-identification nil)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-last-identification)
+(defun git-blame-identify (&optional hash)
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((info (gethash (or hash (git-blame-current-commit)) git-blame-cache)))
+    (when (and info (not (eq info git-blame-last-identification)))
+      (message "%s" (nth 4 info))
+      (setq git-blame-last-identification info))))
+
+;; (defun git-blame-after-save ()
+;;   (when git-blame-mode
+;;     (git-blame-cleanup)
+;;     (git-blame-run)))
+;; (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'git-blame-after-save)
+
+(defun git-blame-after-change (start end length)
+  (when git-blame-mode
+    (git-blame-enq-update start end)))
+
+(defvar git-blame-last-update nil)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'git-blame-last-update)
+(defun git-blame-enq-update (start end)
+  "Mark the region between START and END as needing blame update"
+  ;; Try to be smart and avoid multiple callouts for sequential
+  ;; editing
+  (cond ((and git-blame-last-update
+              (= start (cdr git-blame-last-update)))
+         (setcdr git-blame-last-update end))
+        ((and git-blame-last-update
+              (= end (car git-blame-last-update)))
+         (setcar git-blame-last-update start))
+        (t
+         (setq git-blame-last-update (cons start end))
+         (setq git-blame-update-queue (nconc git-blame-update-queue
+                                             (list git-blame-last-update)))))
+  (unless (or git-blame-proc git-blame-idle-timer)
+    (setq git-blame-idle-timer
+          (run-with-idle-timer 0.5 nil 'git-blame-delayed-update))))
+
+(defun git-blame-delayed-update ()
+  (setq git-blame-idle-timer nil)
+  (if git-blame-update-queue
+      (let ((first (pop git-blame-update-queue))
+            (inhibit-point-motion-hooks t))
+        (git-blame-update-region (car first) (cdr first)))))
+
+(provide 'git-blame)
+
+;;; git-blame.el ends here
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git.el b/contrib/emacs/git.el
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..214930a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git.el
@@ -0,0 +1,1698 @@
+;;; git.el --- A user interface for git
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Alexandre Julliard <julliard@winehq.org>
+
+;; Version: 1.0
+
+;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+;; published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+;; the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+;;
+;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
+;; useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
+;; warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+;; PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+;;
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+;; License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+;; Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
+;; MA 02111-1307 USA
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; This file contains an interface for the git version control
+;; system. It provides easy access to the most frequently used git
+;; commands. The user interface is as far as possible identical to
+;; that of the PCL-CVS mode.
+;;
+;; To install: put this file on the load-path and place the following
+;; in your .emacs file:
+;;
+;;    (require 'git)
+;;
+;; To start: `M-x git-status'
+;;
+;; TODO
+;;  - diff against other branch
+;;  - renaming files from the status buffer
+;;  - creating tags
+;;  - fetch/pull
+;;  - revlist browser
+;;  - git-show-branch browser
+;;
+
+;;; Compatibility:
+;;
+;; This file works on GNU Emacs 21 or later. It may work on older
+;; versions but this is not guaranteed.
+;;
+;; It may work on XEmacs 21, provided that you first install the ewoc
+;; and log-edit packages.
+;;
+
+(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))
+(require 'ewoc)
+(require 'log-edit)
+(require 'easymenu)
+
+
+;;;; Customizations
+;;;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(defgroup git nil
+  "A user interface for the git versioning system."
+  :group 'tools)
+
+(defcustom git-committer-name nil
+  "User name to use for commits.
+The default is to fall back to the repository config,
+then to `add-log-full-name' and then to `user-full-name'."
+  :group 'git
+  :type '(choice (const :tag "Default" nil)
+                 (string :tag "Name")))
+
+(defcustom git-committer-email nil
+  "Email address to use for commits.
+The default is to fall back to the git repository config,
+then to `add-log-mailing-address' and then to `user-mail-address'."
+  :group 'git
+  :type '(choice (const :tag "Default" nil)
+                 (string :tag "Email")))
+
+(defcustom git-commits-coding-system nil
+  "Default coding system for the log message of git commits."
+  :group 'git
+  :type '(choice (const :tag "From repository config" nil)
+                 (coding-system)))
+
+(defcustom git-append-signed-off-by nil
+  "Whether to append a Signed-off-by line to the commit message before editing."
+  :group 'git
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defcustom git-reuse-status-buffer t
+  "Whether `git-status' should try to reuse an existing buffer
+if there is already one that displays the same directory."
+  :group 'git
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defcustom git-per-dir-ignore-file ".gitignore"
+  "Name of the per-directory ignore file."
+  :group 'git
+  :type 'string)
+
+(defcustom git-show-uptodate nil
+  "Whether to display up-to-date files."
+  :group 'git
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defcustom git-show-ignored nil
+  "Whether to display ignored files."
+  :group 'git
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defcustom git-show-unknown t
+  "Whether to display unknown files."
+  :group 'git
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+
+(defface git-status-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "purple"))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "salmon")))
+  "Git mode face used to highlight added and modified files."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-unmerged-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "red" :bold t))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "red" :bold t)))
+  "Git mode face used to highlight unmerged files."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-unknown-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "goldenrod" :bold t))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "goldenrod" :bold t)))
+  "Git mode face used to highlight unknown files."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-uptodate-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "grey60"))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "grey40")))
+  "Git mode face used to highlight up-to-date files."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-ignored-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "grey60"))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "grey40")))
+  "Git mode face used to highlight ignored files."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-mark-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "red" :bold t))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "tomato" :bold t)))
+  "Git mode face used for the file marks."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-header-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "blue"))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "blue")))
+  "Git mode face used for commit headers."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-separator-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "brown"))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "brown")))
+  "Git mode face used for commit separator."
+  :group 'git)
+
+(defface git-permission-face
+  '((((class color) (background light)) (:foreground "green" :bold t))
+    (((class color) (background dark)) (:foreground "green" :bold t)))
+  "Git mode face used for permission changes."
+  :group 'git)
+
+
+;;;; Utilities
+;;;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(defconst git-log-msg-separator "--- log message follows this line ---")
+
+(defvar git-log-edit-font-lock-keywords
+  `(("^\\(Author:\\|Date:\\|Merge:\\|Signed-off-by:\\)\\(.*\\)$"
+     (1 font-lock-keyword-face)
+     (2 font-lock-function-name-face))
+    (,(concat "^\\(" (regexp-quote git-log-msg-separator) "\\)$")
+     (1 font-lock-comment-face))))
+
+(defun git-get-env-strings (env)
+  "Build a list of NAME=VALUE strings from a list of environment strings."
+  (mapcar (lambda (entry) (concat (car entry) "=" (cdr entry))) env))
+
+(defun git-call-process (buffer &rest args)
+  "Wrapper for call-process that sets environment strings."
+  (apply #'call-process "git" nil buffer nil args))
+
+(defun git-call-process-display-error (&rest args)
+  "Wrapper for call-process that displays error messages."
+  (let* ((dir default-directory)
+         (buffer (get-buffer-create "*Git Command Output*"))
+         (ok (with-current-buffer buffer
+               (let ((default-directory dir)
+                     (buffer-read-only nil))
+                 (erase-buffer)
+                 (eq 0 (apply #'git-call-process (list buffer t) args))))))
+    (unless ok (display-message-or-buffer buffer))
+    ok))
+
+(defun git-call-process-string (&rest args)
+  "Wrapper for call-process that returns the process output as a string,
+or nil if the git command failed."
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (and (eq 0 (apply #'git-call-process t args))
+         (buffer-string))))
+
+(defun git-call-process-string-display-error (&rest args)
+  "Wrapper for call-process that displays error message and returns
+the process output as a string, or nil if the git command failed."
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (if (eq 0 (apply #'git-call-process (list t t) args))
+        (buffer-string)
+      (display-message-or-buffer (current-buffer))
+      nil)))
+
+(defun git-run-process-region (buffer start end program args)
+  "Run a git process with a buffer region as input."
+  (let ((output-buffer (current-buffer))
+        (dir default-directory))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (cd dir)
+      (apply #'call-process-region start end program
+             nil (list output-buffer t) nil args))))
+
+(defun git-run-command-buffer (buffer-name &rest args)
+  "Run a git command, sending the output to a buffer named BUFFER-NAME."
+  (let ((dir default-directory)
+        (buffer (get-buffer-create buffer-name)))
+    (message "Running git %s..." (car args))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (let ((default-directory dir)
+            (buffer-read-only nil))
+        (erase-buffer)
+        (apply #'git-call-process buffer args)))
+    (message "Running git %s...done" (car args))
+    buffer))
+
+(defun git-run-command-region (buffer start end env &rest args)
+  "Run a git command with specified buffer region as input."
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (if (eq 0 (if env
+                  (git-run-process-region
+                   buffer start end "env"
+                   (append (git-get-env-strings env) (list "git") args))
+                (git-run-process-region buffer start end "git" args)))
+        (buffer-string)
+      (display-message-or-buffer (current-buffer))
+      nil)))
+
+(defun git-run-hook (hook env &rest args)
+  "Run a git hook and display its output if any."
+  (let ((dir default-directory)
+        (hook-name (expand-file-name (concat ".git/hooks/" hook))))
+    (or (not (file-executable-p hook-name))
+        (let (status (buffer (get-buffer-create "*Git Hook Output*")))
+          (with-current-buffer buffer
+            (erase-buffer)
+            (cd dir)
+            (setq status
+                  (if env
+                      (apply #'call-process "env" nil (list buffer t) nil
+                             (append (git-get-env-strings env) (list hook-name) args))
+                    (apply #'call-process hook-name nil (list buffer t) nil args))))
+          (display-message-or-buffer buffer)
+          (eq 0 status)))))
+
+(defun git-get-string-sha1 (string)
+  "Read a SHA1 from the specified string."
+  (and string
+       (string-match "[0-9a-f]\\{40\\}" string)
+       (match-string 0 string)))
+
+(defun git-get-committer-name ()
+  "Return the name to use as GIT_COMMITTER_NAME."
+  ; copied from log-edit
+  (or git-committer-name
+      (git-config "user.name")
+      (and (boundp 'add-log-full-name) add-log-full-name)
+      (and (fboundp 'user-full-name) (user-full-name))
+      (and (boundp 'user-full-name) user-full-name)))
+
+(defun git-get-committer-email ()
+  "Return the email address to use as GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL."
+  ; copied from log-edit
+  (or git-committer-email
+      (git-config "user.email")
+      (and (boundp 'add-log-mailing-address) add-log-mailing-address)
+      (and (fboundp 'user-mail-address) (user-mail-address))
+      (and (boundp 'user-mail-address) user-mail-address)))
+
+(defun git-get-commits-coding-system ()
+  "Return the coding system to use for commits."
+  (let ((repo-config (git-config "i18n.commitencoding")))
+    (or git-commits-coding-system
+        (and repo-config
+             (fboundp 'locale-charset-to-coding-system)
+             (locale-charset-to-coding-system repo-config))
+      'utf-8)))
+
+(defun git-get-logoutput-coding-system ()
+  "Return the coding system used for git-log output."
+  (let ((repo-config (or (git-config "i18n.logoutputencoding")
+                         (git-config "i18n.commitencoding"))))
+    (or git-commits-coding-system
+        (and repo-config
+             (fboundp 'locale-charset-to-coding-system)
+             (locale-charset-to-coding-system repo-config))
+      'utf-8)))
+
+(defun git-escape-file-name (name)
+  "Escape a file name if necessary."
+  (if (string-match "[\n\t\"\\]" name)
+      (concat "\""
+              (mapconcat (lambda (c)
+                   (case c
+                     (?\n "\\n")
+                     (?\t "\\t")
+                     (?\\ "\\\\")
+                     (?\" "\\\"")
+                     (t (char-to-string c))))
+                 name "")
+              "\"")
+    name))
+
+(defun git-success-message (text files)
+  "Print a success message after having handled FILES."
+  (let ((n (length files)))
+    (if (equal n 1)
+        (message "%s %s" text (car files))
+      (message "%s %d files" text n))))
+
+(defun git-get-top-dir (dir)
+  "Retrieve the top-level directory of a git tree."
+  (let ((cdup (with-output-to-string
+                (with-current-buffer standard-output
+                  (cd dir)
+                  (unless (eq 0 (git-call-process t "rev-parse" "--show-cdup"))
+                    (error "cannot find top-level git tree for %s." dir))))))
+    (expand-file-name (concat (file-name-as-directory dir)
+                              (car (split-string cdup "\n"))))))
+
+;stolen from pcl-cvs
+(defun git-append-to-ignore (file)
+  "Add a file name to the ignore file in its directory."
+  (let* ((fullname (expand-file-name file))
+         (dir (file-name-directory fullname))
+         (name (file-name-nondirectory fullname))
+         (ignore-name (expand-file-name git-per-dir-ignore-file dir))
+         (created (not (file-exists-p ignore-name))))
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer (find-file-noselect ignore-name))
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (unless (zerop (current-column)) (insert "\n"))
+    (insert "/" name "\n")
+    (sort-lines nil (point-min) (point-max))
+    (save-buffer))
+  (when created
+    (git-call-process nil "update-index" "--add" "--" (file-relative-name ignore-name)))
+  (git-update-status-files (list (file-relative-name ignore-name)))))
+
+; propertize definition for XEmacs, stolen from erc-compat
+(eval-when-compile
+  (unless (fboundp 'propertize)
+    (defun propertize (string &rest props)
+      (let ((string (copy-sequence string)))
+        (while props
+          (put-text-property 0 (length string) (nth 0 props) (nth 1 props) string)
+          (setq props (cddr props)))
+        string))))
+
+;;;; Wrappers for basic git commands
+;;;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(defun git-rev-parse (rev)
+  "Parse a revision name and return its SHA1."
+  (git-get-string-sha1
+   (git-call-process-string "rev-parse" rev)))
+
+(defun git-config (key)
+  "Retrieve the value associated to KEY in the git repository config file."
+  (let ((str (git-call-process-string "config" key)))
+    (and str (car (split-string str "\n")))))
+
+(defun git-symbolic-ref (ref)
+  "Wrapper for the git-symbolic-ref command."
+  (let ((str (git-call-process-string "symbolic-ref" ref)))
+    (and str (car (split-string str "\n")))))
+
+(defun git-update-ref (ref newval &optional oldval reason)
+  "Update a reference by calling git-update-ref."
+  (let ((args (and oldval (list oldval))))
+    (when newval (push newval args))
+    (push ref args)
+    (when reason
+     (push reason args)
+     (push "-m" args))
+    (unless newval (push "-d" args))
+    (apply 'git-call-process-display-error "update-ref" args)))
+
+(defun git-for-each-ref (&rest specs)
+  "Return a list of refs using git-for-each-ref.
+Each entry is a cons of (SHORT-NAME . FULL-NAME)."
+  (let (refs)
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (apply #'git-call-process t "for-each-ref" "--format=%(refname)" specs)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "^[^/\n]+/[^/\n]+/\\(.+\\)$" nil t)
+	(push (cons (match-string 1) (match-string 0)) refs)))
+    (nreverse refs)))
+
+(defun git-read-tree (tree &optional index-file)
+  "Read a tree into the index file."
+  (let ((process-environment
+         (append (and index-file (list (concat "GIT_INDEX_FILE=" index-file))) process-environment)))
+    (apply 'git-call-process-display-error "read-tree" (if tree (list tree)))))
+
+(defun git-write-tree (&optional index-file)
+  "Call git-write-tree and return the resulting tree SHA1 as a string."
+  (let ((process-environment
+         (append (and index-file (list (concat "GIT_INDEX_FILE=" index-file))) process-environment)))
+    (git-get-string-sha1
+     (git-call-process-string-display-error "write-tree"))))
+
+(defun git-commit-tree (buffer tree parent)
+  "Create a commit and possibly update HEAD.
+Create a commit with the message in BUFFER using the tree with hash TREE.
+Use PARENT as the parent of the new commit. If PARENT is the current \"HEAD\",
+update the \"HEAD\" reference to the new commit."
+  (let ((author-name (git-get-committer-name))
+        (author-email (git-get-committer-email))
+        (subject "commit (initial): ")
+        author-date log-start log-end args coding-system-for-write)
+    (when parent
+      (setq subject "commit: ")
+      (push "-p" args)
+      (push parent args))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (if
+          (setq log-start (re-search-forward (concat "^" (regexp-quote git-log-msg-separator) "\n") nil t))
+          (save-restriction
+            (narrow-to-region (point-min) log-start)
+            (goto-char (point-min))
+            (when (re-search-forward "^Author: +\\(.*?\\) *<\\(.*\\)> *$" nil t)
+              (setq author-name (match-string 1)
+                    author-email (match-string 2)))
+            (goto-char (point-min))
+            (when (re-search-forward "^Date: +\\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+              (setq author-date (match-string 1)))
+            (goto-char (point-min))
+            (when (re-search-forward "^Merge: +\\(.*\\)" nil t)
+              (setq subject "commit (merge): ")
+              (dolist (parent (split-string (match-string 1) " +" t))
+                (push "-p" args)
+                (push parent args))))
+        (setq log-start (point-min)))
+      (setq log-end (point-max))
+      (goto-char log-start)
+      (when (re-search-forward ".*$" nil t)
+        (setq subject (concat subject (match-string 0))))
+      (setq coding-system-for-write buffer-file-coding-system))
+    (let ((commit
+           (git-get-string-sha1
+            (let ((env `(("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" . ,author-name)
+                         ("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" . ,author-email)
+                         ("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" . ,(git-get-committer-name))
+                         ("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" . ,(git-get-committer-email)))))
+              (when author-date (push `("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" . ,author-date) env))
+              (apply #'git-run-command-region
+                     buffer log-start log-end env
+                     "commit-tree" tree (nreverse args))))))
+      (when commit (git-update-ref "HEAD" commit parent subject))
+      commit)))
+
+(defun git-empty-db-p ()
+  "Check if the git db is empty (no commit done yet)."
+  (not (eq 0 (git-call-process nil "rev-parse" "--verify" "HEAD"))))
+
+(defun git-get-merge-heads ()
+  "Retrieve the merge heads from the MERGE_HEAD file if present."
+  (let (heads)
+    (when (file-readable-p ".git/MERGE_HEAD")
+      (with-temp-buffer
+        (insert-file-contents ".git/MERGE_HEAD" nil nil nil t)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward "[0-9a-f]\\{40\\}" nil t)
+          (push (match-string 0) heads))))
+    (nreverse heads)))
+
+(defun git-get-commit-description (commit)
+  "Get a one-line description of COMMIT."
+  (let ((coding-system-for-read (git-get-logoutput-coding-system)))
+    (let ((descr (git-call-process-string "log" "--max-count=1" "--pretty=oneline" commit)))
+      (if (and descr (string-match "\\`\\([0-9a-f]\\{40\\}\\) *\\(.*\\)$" descr))
+          (concat (substring (match-string 1 descr) 0 10) " - " (match-string 2 descr))
+        descr))))
+
+;;;; File info structure
+;;;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+; fileinfo structure stolen from pcl-cvs
+(defstruct (git-fileinfo
+            (:copier nil)
+            (:constructor git-create-fileinfo (state name &optional old-perm new-perm rename-state orig-name marked))
+            (:conc-name git-fileinfo->))
+  marked              ;; t/nil
+  state               ;; current state
+  name                ;; file name
+  old-perm new-perm   ;; permission flags
+  rename-state        ;; rename or copy state
+  orig-name           ;; original name for renames or copies
+  needs-update        ;; whether file needs to be updated
+  needs-refresh)      ;; whether file needs to be refreshed
+
+(defvar git-status nil)
+
+(defun git-set-fileinfo-state (info state)
+  "Set the state of a file info."
+  (unless (eq (git-fileinfo->state info) state)
+    (setf (git-fileinfo->state info) state
+	  (git-fileinfo->new-perm info) (git-fileinfo->old-perm info)
+          (git-fileinfo->rename-state info) nil
+          (git-fileinfo->orig-name info) nil
+          (git-fileinfo->needs-update info) nil
+          (git-fileinfo->needs-refresh info) t)))
+
+(defun git-status-filenames-map (status func files &rest args)
+  "Apply FUNC to the status files names in the FILES list.
+The list must be sorted."
+  (when files
+    (let ((file (pop files))
+          (node (ewoc-nth status 0)))
+      (while (and file node)
+        (let* ((info (ewoc-data node))
+               (name (git-fileinfo->name info)))
+          (if (string-lessp name file)
+              (setq node (ewoc-next status node))
+            (if (string-equal name file)
+                (apply func info args))
+            (setq file (pop files))))))))
+
+(defun git-set-filenames-state (status files state)
+  "Set the state of a list of named files. The list must be sorted"
+  (when files
+    (git-status-filenames-map status #'git-set-fileinfo-state files state)
+    (unless state  ;; delete files whose state has been set to nil
+      (ewoc-filter status (lambda (info) (git-fileinfo->state info))))))
+
+(defun git-state-code (code)
+  "Convert from a string to a added/deleted/modified state."
+  (case (string-to-char code)
+    (?M 'modified)
+    (?? 'unknown)
+    (?A 'added)
+    (?D 'deleted)
+    (?U 'unmerged)
+    (?T 'modified)
+    (t nil)))
+
+(defun git-status-code-as-string (code)
+  "Format a git status code as string."
+  (case code
+    ('modified (propertize "Modified" 'face 'git-status-face))
+    ('unknown  (propertize "Unknown " 'face 'git-unknown-face))
+    ('added    (propertize "Added   " 'face 'git-status-face))
+    ('deleted  (propertize "Deleted " 'face 'git-status-face))
+    ('unmerged (propertize "Unmerged" 'face 'git-unmerged-face))
+    ('uptodate (propertize "Uptodate" 'face 'git-uptodate-face))
+    ('ignored  (propertize "Ignored " 'face 'git-ignored-face))
+    (t "?       ")))
+
+(defun git-file-type-as-string (old-perm new-perm)
+  "Return a string describing the file type based on its permissions."
+  (let* ((old-type (lsh (or old-perm 0) -9))
+	 (new-type (lsh (or new-perm 0) -9))
+	 (str (case new-type
+		(64  ;; file
+		 (case old-type
+		   (64 nil)
+		   (80 "   (type change symlink -> file)")
+		   (112 "   (type change subproject -> file)")))
+		 (80  ;; symlink
+		  (case old-type
+		    (64 "   (type change file -> symlink)")
+		    (112 "   (type change subproject -> symlink)")
+		    (t "   (symlink)")))
+		  (112  ;; subproject
+		   (case old-type
+		     (64 "   (type change file -> subproject)")
+		     (80 "   (type change symlink -> subproject)")
+		     (t "   (subproject)")))
+                  (72 nil)  ;; directory (internal, not a real git state)
+		  (0  ;; deleted or unknown
+		   (case old-type
+		     (80 "   (symlink)")
+		     (112 "   (subproject)")))
+		  (t (format "   (unknown type %o)" new-type)))))
+    (cond (str (propertize str 'face 'git-status-face))
+          ((eq new-type 72) "/")
+          (t ""))))
+
+(defun git-rename-as-string (info)
+  "Return a string describing the copy or rename associated with INFO, or an empty string if none."
+  (let ((state (git-fileinfo->rename-state info)))
+    (if state
+        (propertize
+         (concat "   ("
+                 (if (eq state 'copy) "copied from "
+                   (if (eq (git-fileinfo->state info) 'added) "renamed from "
+                     "renamed to "))
+                 (git-escape-file-name (git-fileinfo->orig-name info))
+                 ")") 'face 'git-status-face)
+      "")))
+
+(defun git-permissions-as-string (old-perm new-perm)
+  "Format a permission change as string."
+  (propertize
+   (if (or (not old-perm)
+           (not new-perm)
+           (eq 0 (logand ?\111 (logxor old-perm new-perm))))
+       "  "
+     (if (eq 0 (logand ?\111 old-perm)) "+x" "-x"))
+  'face 'git-permission-face))
+
+(defun git-fileinfo-prettyprint (info)
+  "Pretty-printer for the git-fileinfo structure."
+  (let ((old-perm (git-fileinfo->old-perm info))
+	(new-perm (git-fileinfo->new-perm info)))
+    (insert (concat "   " (if (git-fileinfo->marked info) (propertize "*" 'face 'git-mark-face) " ")
+		    " " (git-status-code-as-string (git-fileinfo->state info))
+		    " " (git-permissions-as-string old-perm new-perm)
+		    "  " (git-escape-file-name (git-fileinfo->name info))
+		    (git-file-type-as-string old-perm new-perm)
+		    (git-rename-as-string info)))))
+
+(defun git-update-node-fileinfo (node info)
+  "Update the fileinfo of the specified node. The names are assumed to match already."
+  (let ((data (ewoc-data node)))
+    (setf
+     ;; preserve the marked flag
+     (git-fileinfo->marked info) (git-fileinfo->marked data)
+     (git-fileinfo->needs-update data) nil)
+    (when (not (equal info data))
+      (setf (git-fileinfo->needs-refresh info) t
+            (ewoc-data node) info))))
+
+(defun git-insert-info-list (status infolist files)
+  "Insert a sorted list of file infos in the status buffer, replacing existing ones if any."
+  (let* ((info (pop infolist))
+         (node (ewoc-nth status 0))
+         (name (and info (git-fileinfo->name info)))
+         remaining)
+    (while info
+      (let ((nodename (and node (git-fileinfo->name (ewoc-data node)))))
+        (while (and files (string-lessp (car files) name))
+          (push (pop files) remaining))
+        (when (and files (string-equal (car files) name))
+          (setq files (cdr files)))
+        (cond ((not nodename)
+               (setq node (ewoc-enter-last status info))
+               (setq info (pop infolist))
+               (setq name (and info (git-fileinfo->name info))))
+              ((string-lessp nodename name)
+               (setq node (ewoc-next status node)))
+              ((string-equal nodename name)
+               ;; preserve the marked flag
+               (git-update-node-fileinfo node info)
+               (setq info (pop infolist))
+               (setq name (and info (git-fileinfo->name info))))
+              (t
+               (setq node (ewoc-enter-before status node info))
+               (setq info (pop infolist))
+               (setq name (and info (git-fileinfo->name info)))))))
+    (nconc (nreverse remaining) files)))
+
+(defun git-run-diff-index (status files)
+  "Run git-diff-index on FILES and parse the results into STATUS.
+Return the list of files that haven't been handled."
+  (let (infolist)
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (apply #'git-call-process t "diff-index" "-z" "-M" "HEAD" "--" files)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward
+	      ":\\([0-7]\\{6\\}\\) \\([0-7]\\{6\\}\\) [0-9a-f]\\{40\\} [0-9a-f]\\{40\\} \\(\\([ADMUT]\\)\0\\([^\0]+\\)\\|\\([CR]\\)[0-9]*\0\\([^\0]+\\)\0\\([^\0]+\\)\\)\0"
+              nil t 1)
+        (let ((old-perm (string-to-number (match-string 1) 8))
+              (new-perm (string-to-number (match-string 2) 8))
+              (state (or (match-string 4) (match-string 6)))
+              (name (or (match-string 5) (match-string 7)))
+              (new-name (match-string 8)))
+          (if new-name  ; copy or rename
+              (if (eq ?C (string-to-char state))
+                  (push (git-create-fileinfo 'added new-name old-perm new-perm 'copy name) infolist)
+                (push (git-create-fileinfo 'deleted name 0 0 'rename new-name) infolist)
+                (push (git-create-fileinfo 'added new-name old-perm new-perm 'rename name) infolist))
+            (push (git-create-fileinfo (git-state-code state) name old-perm new-perm) infolist)))))
+    (setq infolist (sort (nreverse infolist)
+                         (lambda (info1 info2)
+                           (string-lessp (git-fileinfo->name info1)
+                                         (git-fileinfo->name info2)))))
+    (git-insert-info-list status infolist files)))
+
+(defun git-find-status-file (status file)
+  "Find a given file in the status ewoc and return its node."
+  (let ((node (ewoc-nth status 0)))
+    (while (and node (not (string= file (git-fileinfo->name (ewoc-data node)))))
+      (setq node (ewoc-next status node)))
+    node))
+
+(defun git-run-ls-files (status files default-state &rest options)
+  "Run git-ls-files on FILES and parse the results into STATUS.
+Return the list of files that haven't been handled."
+  (let (infolist)
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (apply #'git-call-process t "ls-files" "-z" (append options (list "--") files))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\\([^\0]*?\\)\\(/?\\)\0" nil t 1)
+        (let ((name (match-string 1)))
+          (push (git-create-fileinfo default-state name 0
+                                     (if (string-equal "/" (match-string 2)) (lsh ?\110 9) 0))
+                infolist))))
+    (setq infolist (nreverse infolist))  ;; assume it is sorted already
+    (git-insert-info-list status infolist files)))
+
+(defun git-run-ls-files-cached (status files default-state)
+  "Run git-ls-files -c on FILES and parse the results into STATUS.
+Return the list of files that haven't been handled."
+  (let (infolist)
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (apply #'git-call-process t "ls-files" "-z" "-s" "-c" "--" files)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\\([0-7]\\{6\\}\\) [0-9a-f]\\{40\\} 0\t\\([^\0]+\\)\0" nil t)
+	(let* ((new-perm (string-to-number (match-string 1) 8))
+	       (old-perm (if (eq default-state 'added) 0 new-perm))
+	       (name (match-string 2)))
+	  (push (git-create-fileinfo default-state name old-perm new-perm) infolist))))
+    (setq infolist (nreverse infolist))  ;; assume it is sorted already
+    (git-insert-info-list status infolist files)))
+
+(defun git-run-ls-unmerged (status files)
+  "Run git-ls-files -u on FILES and parse the results into STATUS."
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (apply #'git-call-process t "ls-files" "-z" "-u" "--" files)
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (let (unmerged-files)
+      (while (re-search-forward "[0-7]\\{6\\} [0-9a-f]\\{40\\} [123]\t\\([^\0]+\\)\0" nil t)
+        (push (match-string 1) unmerged-files))
+      (setq unmerged-files (nreverse unmerged-files))  ;; assume it is sorted already
+      (git-set-filenames-state status unmerged-files 'unmerged))))
+
+(defun git-get-exclude-files ()
+  "Get the list of exclude files to pass to git-ls-files."
+  (let (files
+        (config (git-config "core.excludesfile")))
+    (when (file-readable-p ".git/info/exclude")
+      (push ".git/info/exclude" files))
+    (when (and config (file-readable-p config))
+      (push config files))
+    files))
+
+(defun git-run-ls-files-with-excludes (status files default-state &rest options)
+  "Run git-ls-files on FILES with appropriate --exclude-from options."
+  (let ((exclude-files (git-get-exclude-files)))
+    (apply #'git-run-ls-files status files default-state "--directory" "--no-empty-directory"
+           (concat "--exclude-per-directory=" git-per-dir-ignore-file)
+           (append options (mapcar (lambda (f) (concat "--exclude-from=" f)) exclude-files)))))
+
+(defun git-update-status-files (&optional files mark-files)
+  "Update the status of FILES from the index.
+The FILES list must be sorted."
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  ;; set the needs-update flag on existing files
+  (if files
+      (git-status-filenames-map
+       git-status (lambda (info) (setf (git-fileinfo->needs-update info) t)) files)
+    (ewoc-map (lambda (info) (setf (git-fileinfo->needs-update info) t) nil) git-status)
+    (git-call-process nil "update-index" "--refresh")
+    (when git-show-uptodate
+      (git-run-ls-files-cached git-status nil 'uptodate)))
+  (let ((remaining-files
+          (if (git-empty-db-p) ; we need some special handling for an empty db
+	      (git-run-ls-files-cached git-status files 'added)
+            (git-run-diff-index git-status files))))
+    (git-run-ls-unmerged git-status files)
+    (when (or remaining-files (and git-show-unknown (not files)))
+      (setq remaining-files (git-run-ls-files-with-excludes git-status remaining-files 'unknown "-o")))
+    (when (or remaining-files (and git-show-ignored (not files)))
+      (setq remaining-files (git-run-ls-files-with-excludes git-status remaining-files 'ignored "-o" "-i")))
+    (unless files
+      (setq remaining-files (git-get-filenames (ewoc-collect git-status #'git-fileinfo->needs-update))))
+    (when remaining-files
+      (setq remaining-files (git-run-ls-files-cached git-status remaining-files 'uptodate)))
+    (git-set-filenames-state git-status remaining-files nil)
+    (when mark-files (git-mark-files git-status files))
+    (git-refresh-files)
+    (git-refresh-ewoc-hf git-status)))
+
+(defun git-mark-files (status files)
+  "Mark all the specified FILES, and unmark the others."
+  (let ((file (and files (pop files)))
+        (node (ewoc-nth status 0)))
+    (while node
+      (let ((info (ewoc-data node)))
+        (if (and file (string-equal (git-fileinfo->name info) file))
+            (progn
+              (unless (git-fileinfo->marked info)
+                (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) t)
+                (setf (git-fileinfo->needs-refresh info) t))
+              (setq file (pop files))
+              (setq node (ewoc-next status node)))
+          (when (git-fileinfo->marked info)
+            (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) nil)
+            (setf (git-fileinfo->needs-refresh info) t))
+          (if (and file (string-lessp file (git-fileinfo->name info)))
+              (setq file (pop files))
+            (setq node (ewoc-next status node))))))))
+
+(defun git-marked-files ()
+  "Return a list of all marked files, or if none a list containing just the file at cursor position."
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (or (ewoc-collect git-status (lambda (info) (git-fileinfo->marked info)))
+      (list (ewoc-data (ewoc-locate git-status)))))
+
+(defun git-marked-files-state (&rest states)
+  "Return a sorted list of marked files that are in the specified states."
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files))
+        result)
+    (dolist (info files)
+      (when (memq (git-fileinfo->state info) states)
+        (push info result)))
+    (nreverse result)))
+
+(defun git-refresh-files ()
+  "Refresh all files that need it and clear the needs-refresh flag."
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (ewoc-map
+   (lambda (info)
+     (let ((refresh (git-fileinfo->needs-refresh info)))
+       (setf (git-fileinfo->needs-refresh info) nil)
+       refresh))
+   git-status)
+  ; move back to goal column
+  (when goal-column (move-to-column goal-column)))
+
+(defun git-refresh-ewoc-hf (status)
+  "Refresh the ewoc header and footer."
+  (let ((branch (git-symbolic-ref "HEAD"))
+        (head (if (git-empty-db-p) "Nothing committed yet"
+                (git-get-commit-description "HEAD")))
+        (merge-heads (git-get-merge-heads)))
+    (ewoc-set-hf status
+                 (format "Directory:  %s\nBranch:     %s\nHead:       %s%s\n"
+                         default-directory
+                         (if branch
+                             (if (string-match "^refs/heads/" branch)
+                                 (substring branch (match-end 0))
+                               branch)
+                           "none (detached HEAD)")
+                         head
+                         (if merge-heads
+                             (concat "\nMerging:    "
+                                     (mapconcat (lambda (str) (git-get-commit-description str)) merge-heads "\n            "))
+                           ""))
+                 (if (ewoc-nth status 0) "" "    No changes."))))
+
+(defun git-get-filenames (files)
+  (mapcar (lambda (info) (git-fileinfo->name info)) files))
+
+(defun git-update-index (index-file files)
+  "Run git-update-index on a list of files."
+  (let ((process-environment (append (and index-file (list (concat "GIT_INDEX_FILE=" index-file)))
+                                     process-environment))
+        added deleted modified)
+    (dolist (info files)
+      (case (git-fileinfo->state info)
+        ('added (push info added))
+        ('deleted (push info deleted))
+        ('modified (push info modified))))
+    (and
+     (or (not added) (apply #'git-call-process-display-error "update-index" "--add" "--" (git-get-filenames added)))
+     (or (not deleted) (apply #'git-call-process-display-error "update-index" "--remove" "--" (git-get-filenames deleted)))
+     (or (not modified) (apply #'git-call-process-display-error "update-index" "--" (git-get-filenames modified))))))
+
+(defun git-run-pre-commit-hook ()
+  "Run the pre-commit hook if any."
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files-state 'added 'deleted 'modified)))
+    (or (not files)
+        (not (file-executable-p ".git/hooks/pre-commit"))
+        (let ((index-file (make-temp-file "gitidx")))
+          (unwind-protect
+            (let ((head-tree (unless (git-empty-db-p) (git-rev-parse "HEAD^{tree}"))))
+              (git-read-tree head-tree index-file)
+              (git-update-index index-file files)
+              (git-run-hook "pre-commit" `(("GIT_INDEX_FILE" . ,index-file))))
+          (delete-file index-file))))))
+
+(defun git-do-commit ()
+  "Perform the actual commit using the current buffer as log message."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((buffer (current-buffer))
+        (index-file (make-temp-file "gitidx")))
+    (with-current-buffer log-edit-parent-buffer
+      (if (git-marked-files-state 'unmerged)
+          (message "You cannot commit unmerged files, resolve them first.")
+        (unwind-protect
+            (let ((files (git-marked-files-state 'added 'deleted 'modified))
+                  head tree head-tree)
+              (unless (git-empty-db-p)
+                (setq head (git-rev-parse "HEAD")
+                      head-tree (git-rev-parse "HEAD^{tree}")))
+              (message "Running git commit...")
+              (when
+                  (and
+                   (git-read-tree head-tree index-file)
+                   (git-update-index nil files)         ;update both the default index
+                   (git-update-index index-file files)  ;and the temporary one
+                   (setq tree (git-write-tree index-file)))
+                (if (or (not (string-equal tree head-tree))
+                        (yes-or-no-p "The tree was not modified, do you really want to perform an empty commit? "))
+                    (let ((commit (git-commit-tree buffer tree head)))
+                      (when commit
+                        (condition-case nil (delete-file ".git/MERGE_HEAD") (error nil))
+                        (condition-case nil (delete-file ".git/MERGE_MSG") (error nil))
+                        (with-current-buffer buffer (erase-buffer))
+                        (git-update-status-files (git-get-filenames files))
+                        (git-call-process nil "rerere")
+                        (git-call-process nil "gc" "--auto")
+                        (message "Committed %s." commit)
+                        (git-run-hook "post-commit" nil)))
+                  (message "Commit aborted."))))
+          (delete-file index-file))))))
+
+
+;;;; Interactive functions
+;;;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(defun git-mark-file ()
+  "Mark the file that the cursor is on and move to the next one."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let* ((pos (ewoc-locate git-status))
+         (info (ewoc-data pos)))
+    (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) t)
+    (ewoc-invalidate git-status pos)
+    (ewoc-goto-next git-status 1)))
+
+(defun git-unmark-file ()
+  "Unmark the file that the cursor is on and move to the next one."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let* ((pos (ewoc-locate git-status))
+         (info (ewoc-data pos)))
+    (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) nil)
+    (ewoc-invalidate git-status pos)
+    (ewoc-goto-next git-status 1)))
+
+(defun git-unmark-file-up ()
+  "Unmark the file that the cursor is on and move to the previous one."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let* ((pos (ewoc-locate git-status))
+         (info (ewoc-data pos)))
+    (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) nil)
+    (ewoc-invalidate git-status pos)
+    (ewoc-goto-prev git-status 1)))
+
+(defun git-mark-all ()
+  "Mark all files."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (ewoc-map (lambda (info) (unless (git-fileinfo->marked info)
+                             (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) t))) git-status)
+  ; move back to goal column after invalidate
+  (when goal-column (move-to-column goal-column)))
+
+(defun git-unmark-all ()
+  "Unmark all files."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (ewoc-map (lambda (info) (when (git-fileinfo->marked info)
+                             (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) nil)
+                             t)) git-status)
+  ; move back to goal column after invalidate
+  (when goal-column (move-to-column goal-column)))
+
+(defun git-toggle-all-marks ()
+  "Toggle all file marks."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (ewoc-map (lambda (info) (setf (git-fileinfo->marked info) (not (git-fileinfo->marked info))) t) git-status)
+  ; move back to goal column after invalidate
+  (when goal-column (move-to-column goal-column)))
+
+(defun git-next-file (&optional n)
+  "Move the selection down N files."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (ewoc-goto-next git-status n))
+
+(defun git-prev-file (&optional n)
+  "Move the selection up N files."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (ewoc-goto-prev git-status n))
+
+(defun git-next-unmerged-file (&optional n)
+  "Move the selection down N unmerged files."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let* ((last (ewoc-locate git-status))
+         (node (ewoc-next git-status last)))
+    (while (and node (> n 0))
+      (when (eq 'unmerged (git-fileinfo->state (ewoc-data node)))
+        (setq n (1- n))
+        (setq last node))
+      (setq node (ewoc-next git-status node)))
+    (ewoc-goto-node git-status last)))
+
+(defun git-prev-unmerged-file (&optional n)
+  "Move the selection up N unmerged files."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let* ((last (ewoc-locate git-status))
+         (node (ewoc-prev git-status last)))
+    (while (and node (> n 0))
+      (when (eq 'unmerged (git-fileinfo->state (ewoc-data node)))
+        (setq n (1- n))
+        (setq last node))
+      (setq node (ewoc-prev git-status node)))
+    (ewoc-goto-node git-status last)))
+
+(defun git-insert-file (file)
+  "Insert file(s) into the git-status buffer."
+  (interactive "fInsert file: ")
+  (git-update-status-files (list (file-relative-name file))))
+
+(defun git-add-file ()
+  "Add marked file(s) to the index cache."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((files (git-get-filenames (git-marked-files-state 'unknown 'ignored 'unmerged))))
+    ;; FIXME: add support for directories
+    (unless files
+      (push (file-relative-name (read-file-name "File to add: " nil nil t)) files))
+    (when (apply 'git-call-process-display-error "update-index" "--add" "--" files)
+      (git-update-status-files files)
+      (git-success-message "Added" files))))
+
+(defun git-ignore-file ()
+  "Add marked file(s) to the ignore list."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((files (git-get-filenames (git-marked-files-state 'unknown))))
+    (unless files
+      (push (file-relative-name (read-file-name "File to ignore: " nil nil t)) files))
+    (dolist (f files) (git-append-to-ignore f))
+    (git-update-status-files files)
+    (git-success-message "Ignored" files)))
+
+(defun git-remove-file ()
+  "Remove the marked file(s)."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((files (git-get-filenames (git-marked-files-state 'added 'modified 'unknown 'uptodate 'ignored))))
+    (unless files
+      (push (file-relative-name (read-file-name "File to remove: " nil nil t)) files))
+    (if (yes-or-no-p
+         (if (cdr files)
+             (format "Remove %d files? " (length files))
+           (format "Remove %s? " (car files))))
+        (progn
+          (dolist (name files)
+            (ignore-errors
+              (if (file-directory-p name)
+                  (delete-directory name)
+                (delete-file name))))
+          (when (apply 'git-call-process-display-error "update-index" "--remove" "--" files)
+            (git-update-status-files files)
+            (git-success-message "Removed" files)))
+      (message "Aborting"))))
+
+(defun git-revert-file ()
+  "Revert changes to the marked file(s)."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files-state 'added 'deleted 'modified 'unmerged))
+        added modified)
+    (when (and files
+               (yes-or-no-p
+                (if (cdr files)
+                    (format "Revert %d files? " (length files))
+                  (format "Revert %s? " (git-fileinfo->name (car files))))))
+      (dolist (info files)
+        (case (git-fileinfo->state info)
+          ('added (push (git-fileinfo->name info) added))
+          ('deleted (push (git-fileinfo->name info) modified))
+          ('unmerged (push (git-fileinfo->name info) modified))
+          ('modified (push (git-fileinfo->name info) modified))))
+      ;; check if a buffer contains one of the files and isn't saved
+      (dolist (file modified)
+        (let ((buffer (get-file-buffer file)))
+          (when (and buffer (buffer-modified-p buffer))
+            (error "Buffer %s is modified. Please kill or save modified buffers before reverting." (buffer-name buffer)))))
+      (let ((ok (and
+                 (or (not added)
+                     (apply 'git-call-process-display-error "update-index" "--force-remove" "--" added))
+                 (or (not modified)
+                     (apply 'git-call-process-display-error "checkout" "HEAD" modified))))
+            (names (git-get-filenames files)))
+        (git-update-status-files names)
+        (when ok
+          (dolist (file modified)
+            (let ((buffer (get-file-buffer file)))
+              (when buffer (with-current-buffer buffer (revert-buffer t t t)))))
+          (git-success-message "Reverted" names))))))
+
+(defun git-remove-handled ()
+  "Remove handled files from the status list."
+  (interactive)
+  (ewoc-filter git-status
+               (lambda (info)
+                 (case (git-fileinfo->state info)
+                   ('ignored git-show-ignored)
+                   ('uptodate git-show-uptodate)
+                   ('unknown git-show-unknown)
+                   (t t))))
+  (unless (ewoc-nth git-status 0)  ; refresh header if list is empty
+    (git-refresh-ewoc-hf git-status)))
+
+(defun git-toggle-show-uptodate ()
+  "Toogle the option for showing up-to-date files."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (setq git-show-uptodate (not git-show-uptodate))
+      (git-refresh-status)
+    (git-remove-handled)))
+
+(defun git-toggle-show-ignored ()
+  "Toogle the option for showing ignored files."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (setq git-show-ignored (not git-show-ignored))
+      (progn
+        (message "Inserting ignored files...")
+        (git-run-ls-files-with-excludes git-status nil 'ignored "-o" "-i")
+        (git-refresh-files)
+        (git-refresh-ewoc-hf git-status)
+        (message "Inserting ignored files...done"))
+    (git-remove-handled)))
+
+(defun git-toggle-show-unknown ()
+  "Toogle the option for showing unknown files."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (setq git-show-unknown (not git-show-unknown))
+      (progn
+        (message "Inserting unknown files...")
+        (git-run-ls-files-with-excludes git-status nil 'unknown "-o")
+        (git-refresh-files)
+        (git-refresh-ewoc-hf git-status)
+        (message "Inserting unknown files...done"))
+    (git-remove-handled)))
+
+(defun git-expand-directory (info)
+  "Expand the directory represented by INFO to list its files."
+  (when (eq (lsh (git-fileinfo->new-perm info) -9) ?\110)
+    (let ((dir (git-fileinfo->name info)))
+      (git-set-filenames-state git-status (list dir) nil)
+      (git-run-ls-files-with-excludes git-status (list (concat dir "/")) 'unknown "-o")
+      (git-refresh-files)
+      (git-refresh-ewoc-hf git-status)
+      t)))
+
+(defun git-setup-diff-buffer (buffer)
+  "Setup a buffer for displaying a diff."
+  (let ((dir default-directory))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (diff-mode)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (setq default-directory dir)
+      (setq buffer-read-only t)))
+  (display-buffer buffer)
+  ; shrink window only if it displays the status buffer
+  (when (eq (window-buffer) (current-buffer))
+    (shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer)))
+
+(defun git-diff-file ()
+  "Diff the marked file(s) against HEAD."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files)))
+    (git-setup-diff-buffer
+     (apply #'git-run-command-buffer "*git-diff*" "diff-index" "-p" "-M" "HEAD" "--" (git-get-filenames files)))))
+
+(defun git-diff-file-merge-head (arg)
+  "Diff the marked file(s) against the first merge head (or the nth one with a numeric prefix)."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files))
+        (merge-heads (git-get-merge-heads)))
+    (unless merge-heads (error "No merge in progress"))
+    (git-setup-diff-buffer
+     (apply #'git-run-command-buffer "*git-diff*" "diff-index" "-p" "-M"
+            (or (nth (1- arg) merge-heads) "HEAD") "--" (git-get-filenames files)))))
+
+(defun git-diff-unmerged-file (stage)
+  "Diff the marked unmerged file(s) against the specified stage."
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files)))
+    (git-setup-diff-buffer
+     (apply #'git-run-command-buffer "*git-diff*" "diff-files" "-p" stage "--" (git-get-filenames files)))))
+
+(defun git-diff-file-base ()
+  "Diff the marked unmerged file(s) against the common base file."
+  (interactive)
+  (git-diff-unmerged-file "-1"))
+
+(defun git-diff-file-mine ()
+  "Diff the marked unmerged file(s) against my pre-merge version."
+  (interactive)
+  (git-diff-unmerged-file "-2"))
+
+(defun git-diff-file-other ()
+  "Diff the marked unmerged file(s) against the other's pre-merge version."
+  (interactive)
+  (git-diff-unmerged-file "-3"))
+
+(defun git-diff-file-combined ()
+  "Do a combined diff of the marked unmerged file(s)."
+  (interactive)
+  (git-diff-unmerged-file "-c"))
+
+(defun git-diff-file-idiff ()
+  "Perform an interactive diff on the current file."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((files (git-marked-files-state 'added 'deleted 'modified)))
+    (unless (eq 1 (length files))
+      (error "Cannot perform an interactive diff on multiple files."))
+    (let* ((filename (car (git-get-filenames files)))
+           (buff1 (find-file-noselect filename))
+           (buff2 (git-run-command-buffer (concat filename ".~HEAD~") "cat-file" "blob" (concat "HEAD:" filename))))
+      (ediff-buffers buff1 buff2))))
+
+(defun git-log-file ()
+  "Display a log of changes to the marked file(s)."
+  (interactive)
+  (let* ((files (git-marked-files))
+         (coding-system-for-read git-commits-coding-system)
+         (buffer (apply #'git-run-command-buffer "*git-log*" "rev-list" "--pretty" "HEAD" "--" (git-get-filenames files))))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      ; (git-log-mode)  FIXME: implement log mode
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (setq buffer-read-only t))
+    (display-buffer buffer)))
+
+(defun git-log-edit-files ()
+  "Return a list of marked files for use in the log-edit buffer."
+  (with-current-buffer log-edit-parent-buffer
+    (git-get-filenames (git-marked-files-state 'added 'deleted 'modified))))
+
+(defun git-log-edit-diff ()
+  "Run a diff of the current files being committed from a log-edit buffer."
+  (with-current-buffer log-edit-parent-buffer
+    (git-diff-file)))
+
+(defun git-append-sign-off (name email)
+  "Append a Signed-off-by entry to the current buffer, avoiding duplicates."
+  (let ((sign-off (format "Signed-off-by: %s <%s>" name email))
+        (case-fold-search t))
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (unless (re-search-forward (concat "^" (regexp-quote sign-off)) nil t)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (unless (re-search-forward "^Signed-off-by: " nil t)
+        (setq sign-off (concat "\n" sign-off)))
+      (goto-char (point-max))
+      (insert sign-off "\n"))))
+
+(defun git-setup-log-buffer (buffer &optional merge-heads author-name author-email subject date msg)
+  "Setup the log buffer for a commit."
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((dir default-directory)
+        (committer-name (git-get-committer-name))
+        (committer-email (git-get-committer-email))
+        (sign-off git-append-signed-off-by))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (cd dir)
+      (erase-buffer)
+      (insert
+       (propertize
+        (format "Author: %s <%s>\n%s%s"
+                (or author-name committer-name)
+                (or author-email committer-email)
+                (if date (format "Date: %s\n" date) "")
+                (if merge-heads
+                    (format "Merge: %s\n"
+                            (mapconcat 'identity merge-heads " "))
+                  ""))
+        'face 'git-header-face)
+       (propertize git-log-msg-separator 'face 'git-separator-face)
+       "\n")
+      (when subject (insert subject "\n\n"))
+      (cond (msg (insert msg "\n"))
+            ((file-readable-p ".git/rebase-apply/msg")
+             (insert-file-contents ".git/rebase-apply/msg"))
+            ((file-readable-p ".git/MERGE_MSG")
+             (insert-file-contents ".git/MERGE_MSG")))
+      ; delete empty lines at end
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (when (re-search-forward "\n+\\'" nil t)
+        (replace-match "\n" t t))
+      (when sign-off (git-append-sign-off committer-name committer-email)))
+    buffer))
+
+(defun git-commit-file ()
+  "Commit the marked file(s), asking for a commit message."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (when (git-run-pre-commit-hook)
+    (let ((buffer (get-buffer-create "*git-commit*"))
+          (coding-system (git-get-commits-coding-system))
+          author-name author-email subject date)
+      (when (eq 0 (buffer-size buffer))
+        (when (file-readable-p ".git/rebase-apply/info")
+          (with-temp-buffer
+            (insert-file-contents ".git/rebase-apply/info")
+            (goto-char (point-min))
+            (when (re-search-forward "^Author: \\(.*\\)\nEmail: \\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+              (setq author-name (match-string 1))
+              (setq author-email (match-string 2)))
+            (goto-char (point-min))
+            (when (re-search-forward "^Subject: \\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+              (setq subject (match-string 1)))
+            (goto-char (point-min))
+            (when (re-search-forward "^Date: \\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+              (setq date (match-string 1)))))
+        (git-setup-log-buffer buffer (git-get-merge-heads) author-name author-email subject date))
+      (if (boundp 'log-edit-diff-function)
+	  (log-edit 'git-do-commit nil '((log-edit-listfun . git-log-edit-files)
+					 (log-edit-diff-function . git-log-edit-diff)) buffer)
+	(log-edit 'git-do-commit nil 'git-log-edit-files buffer))
+      (setq font-lock-keywords (font-lock-compile-keywords git-log-edit-font-lock-keywords))
+      (setq paragraph-separate (concat (regexp-quote git-log-msg-separator) "$\\|Author: \\|Date: \\|Merge: \\|Signed-off-by: \\|\f\\|[ 	]*$"))
+      (setq buffer-file-coding-system coding-system)
+      (re-search-forward (regexp-quote (concat git-log-msg-separator "\n")) nil t))))
+
+(defun git-setup-commit-buffer (commit)
+  "Setup the commit buffer with the contents of COMMIT."
+  (let (parents author-name author-email subject date msg)
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (let ((coding-system (git-get-logoutput-coding-system)))
+        (git-call-process t "log" "-1" "--pretty=medium" "--abbrev=40" commit)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (when (re-search-forward "^Merge: *\\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+          (setq parents (cdr (split-string (match-string 1) " +"))))
+        (when (re-search-forward "^Author: *\\(.*\\) <\\(.*\\)>$" nil t)
+          (setq author-name (match-string 1))
+          (setq author-email (match-string 2)))
+        (when (re-search-forward "^Date: *\\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+          (setq date (match-string 1)))
+        (while (re-search-forward "^    \\(.*\\)$" nil t)
+          (push (match-string 1) msg))
+        (setq msg (nreverse msg))
+        (setq subject (pop msg))
+        (while (and msg (zerop (length (car msg))) (pop msg)))))
+    (git-setup-log-buffer (get-buffer-create "*git-commit*")
+                          parents author-name author-email subject date
+                          (mapconcat #'identity msg "\n"))))
+
+(defun git-get-commit-files (commit)
+  "Retrieve a sorted list of files modified by COMMIT."
+  (let (files)
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (git-call-process t "diff-tree" "-m" "-r" "-z" "--name-only" "--no-commit-id" "--root" commit)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\\([^\0]*\\)\0" nil t 1)
+        (push (match-string 1) files)))
+    (sort files #'string-lessp)))
+
+(defun git-read-commit-name (prompt &optional default)
+  "Ask for a commit name, with completion for local branch, remote branch and tag."
+  (completing-read prompt
+                   (list* "HEAD" "ORIG_HEAD" "FETCH_HEAD" (mapcar #'car (git-for-each-ref)))
+		   nil nil nil nil default))
+
+(defun git-checkout (branch &optional merge)
+  "Checkout a branch, tag, or any commit.
+Use a prefix arg if git should merge while checking out."
+  (interactive
+   (list (git-read-commit-name "Checkout: ")
+         current-prefix-arg))
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((args (list branch "--")))
+    (when merge (push "-m" args))
+    (when (apply #'git-call-process-display-error "checkout" args)
+      (git-update-status-files))))
+
+(defun git-branch (branch)
+  "Create a branch from the current HEAD and switch to it."
+  (interactive (list (git-read-commit-name "Branch: ")))
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (if (git-rev-parse (concat "refs/heads/" branch))
+      (if (yes-or-no-p (format "Branch %s already exists, replace it? " branch))
+          (and (git-call-process-display-error "branch" "-f" branch)
+               (git-call-process-display-error "checkout" branch))
+        (message "Canceled."))
+    (git-call-process-display-error "checkout" "-b" branch))
+    (git-refresh-ewoc-hf git-status))
+
+(defun git-amend-commit ()
+  "Undo the last commit on HEAD, and set things up to commit an
+amended version of it."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (when (git-empty-db-p) (error "No commit to amend."))
+  (let* ((commit (git-rev-parse "HEAD"))
+         (files (git-get-commit-files commit)))
+    (when (if (git-rev-parse "HEAD^")
+              (git-call-process-display-error "reset" "--soft" "HEAD^")
+            (and (git-update-ref "ORIG_HEAD" commit)
+                 (git-update-ref "HEAD" nil commit)))
+      (git-update-status-files files t)
+      (git-setup-commit-buffer commit)
+      (git-commit-file))))
+
+(defun git-cherry-pick-commit (arg)
+  "Cherry-pick a commit."
+  (interactive (list (git-read-commit-name "Cherry-pick commit: ")))
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((commit (git-rev-parse (concat arg "^0"))))
+    (unless commit (error "Not a valid commit '%s'." arg))
+    (when (git-rev-parse (concat commit "^2"))
+      (error "Cannot cherry-pick a merge commit."))
+    (let ((files (git-get-commit-files commit))
+          (ok (git-call-process-display-error "cherry-pick" "-n" commit)))
+      (git-update-status-files files ok)
+      (with-current-buffer (git-setup-commit-buffer commit)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (if (re-search-forward "^\n*Signed-off-by:" nil t 1)
+            (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
+          (goto-char (point-max)))
+        (insert "(cherry picked from commit " commit ")\n"))
+      (when ok (git-commit-file)))))
+
+(defun git-revert-commit (arg)
+  "Revert a commit."
+  (interactive (list (git-read-commit-name "Revert commit: ")))
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((commit (git-rev-parse (concat arg "^0"))))
+    (unless commit (error "Not a valid commit '%s'." arg))
+    (when (git-rev-parse (concat commit "^2"))
+      (error "Cannot revert a merge commit."))
+    (let ((files (git-get-commit-files commit))
+          (subject (git-get-commit-description commit))
+          (ok (git-call-process-display-error "revert" "-n" commit)))
+      (git-update-status-files files ok)
+      (when (string-match "^[0-9a-f]+ - \\(.*\\)$" subject)
+        (setq subject (match-string 1 subject)))
+      (git-setup-log-buffer (get-buffer-create "*git-commit*")
+                            (git-get-merge-heads) nil nil (format "Revert \"%s\"" subject) nil
+                            (format "This reverts commit %s.\n" commit))
+      (when ok (git-commit-file)))))
+
+(defun git-find-file ()
+  "Visit the current file in its own buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((info (ewoc-data (ewoc-locate git-status))))
+    (unless (git-expand-directory info)
+      (find-file (git-fileinfo->name info))
+      (when (eq 'unmerged (git-fileinfo->state info))
+        (smerge-mode 1)))))
+
+(defun git-find-file-other-window ()
+  "Visit the current file in its own buffer in another window."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((info (ewoc-data (ewoc-locate git-status))))
+    (find-file-other-window (git-fileinfo->name info))
+    (when (eq 'unmerged (git-fileinfo->state info))
+      (smerge-mode))))
+
+(defun git-find-file-imerge ()
+  "Visit the current file in interactive merge mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((info (ewoc-data (ewoc-locate git-status))))
+    (find-file (git-fileinfo->name info))
+    (smerge-ediff)))
+
+(defun git-view-file ()
+  "View the current file in its own buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (let ((info (ewoc-data (ewoc-locate git-status))))
+    (view-file (git-fileinfo->name info))))
+
+(defun git-refresh-status ()
+  "Refresh the git status buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (unless git-status (error "Not in git-status buffer."))
+  (message "Refreshing git status...")
+  (git-update-status-files)
+  (message "Refreshing git status...done"))
+
+(defun git-status-quit ()
+  "Quit git-status mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (bury-buffer))
+
+;;;; Major Mode
+;;;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(defvar git-status-mode-hook nil
+  "Run after `git-status-mode' is setup.")
+
+(defvar git-status-mode-map nil
+  "Keymap for git major mode.")
+
+(defvar git-status nil
+  "List of all files managed by the git-status mode.")
+
+(unless git-status-mode-map
+  (let ((map (make-keymap))
+        (commit-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+        (diff-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+        (toggle-map (make-sparse-keymap)))
+    (suppress-keymap map)
+    (define-key map "?"   'git-help)
+    (define-key map "h"   'git-help)
+    (define-key map " "   'git-next-file)
+    (define-key map "a"   'git-add-file)
+    (define-key map "c"   'git-commit-file)
+    (define-key map "\C-c" commit-map)
+    (define-key map "d"    diff-map)
+    (define-key map "="   'git-diff-file)
+    (define-key map "f"   'git-find-file)
+    (define-key map "\r"  'git-find-file)
+    (define-key map "g"   'git-refresh-status)
+    (define-key map "i"   'git-ignore-file)
+    (define-key map "I"   'git-insert-file)
+    (define-key map "l"   'git-log-file)
+    (define-key map "m"   'git-mark-file)
+    (define-key map "M"   'git-mark-all)
+    (define-key map "n"   'git-next-file)
+    (define-key map "N"   'git-next-unmerged-file)
+    (define-key map "o"   'git-find-file-other-window)
+    (define-key map "p"   'git-prev-file)
+    (define-key map "P"   'git-prev-unmerged-file)
+    (define-key map "q"   'git-status-quit)
+    (define-key map "r"   'git-remove-file)
+    (define-key map "t"    toggle-map)
+    (define-key map "T"   'git-toggle-all-marks)
+    (define-key map "u"   'git-unmark-file)
+    (define-key map "U"   'git-revert-file)
+    (define-key map "v"   'git-view-file)
+    (define-key map "x"   'git-remove-handled)
+    (define-key map "\C-?" 'git-unmark-file-up)
+    (define-key map "\M-\C-?" 'git-unmark-all)
+    ; the commit submap
+    (define-key commit-map "\C-a" 'git-amend-commit)
+    (define-key commit-map "\C-b" 'git-branch)
+    (define-key commit-map "\C-o" 'git-checkout)
+    (define-key commit-map "\C-p" 'git-cherry-pick-commit)
+    (define-key commit-map "\C-v" 'git-revert-commit)
+    ; the diff submap
+    (define-key diff-map "b" 'git-diff-file-base)
+    (define-key diff-map "c" 'git-diff-file-combined)
+    (define-key diff-map "=" 'git-diff-file)
+    (define-key diff-map "e" 'git-diff-file-idiff)
+    (define-key diff-map "E" 'git-find-file-imerge)
+    (define-key diff-map "h" 'git-diff-file-merge-head)
+    (define-key diff-map "m" 'git-diff-file-mine)
+    (define-key diff-map "o" 'git-diff-file-other)
+    ; the toggle submap
+    (define-key toggle-map "u" 'git-toggle-show-uptodate)
+    (define-key toggle-map "i" 'git-toggle-show-ignored)
+    (define-key toggle-map "k" 'git-toggle-show-unknown)
+    (define-key toggle-map "m" 'git-toggle-all-marks)
+    (setq git-status-mode-map map))
+  (easy-menu-define git-menu git-status-mode-map
+    "Git Menu"
+    `("Git"
+      ["Refresh" git-refresh-status t]
+      ["Commit" git-commit-file t]
+      ["Checkout..." git-checkout t]
+      ["New Branch..." git-branch t]
+      ["Cherry-pick Commit..." git-cherry-pick-commit t]
+      ["Revert Commit..." git-revert-commit t]
+      ("Merge"
+	["Next Unmerged File" git-next-unmerged-file t]
+	["Prev Unmerged File" git-prev-unmerged-file t]
+	["Interactive Merge File" git-find-file-imerge t]
+	["Diff Against Common Base File" git-diff-file-base t]
+	["Diff Combined" git-diff-file-combined t]
+	["Diff Against Merge Head" git-diff-file-merge-head t]
+	["Diff Against Mine" git-diff-file-mine t]
+	["Diff Against Other" git-diff-file-other t])
+      "--------"
+      ["Add File" git-add-file t]
+      ["Revert File" git-revert-file t]
+      ["Ignore File" git-ignore-file t]
+      ["Remove File" git-remove-file t]
+      ["Insert File" git-insert-file t]
+      "--------"
+      ["Find File" git-find-file t]
+      ["View File" git-view-file t]
+      ["Diff File" git-diff-file t]
+      ["Interactive Diff File" git-diff-file-idiff t]
+      ["Log" git-log-file t]
+      "--------"
+      ["Mark" git-mark-file t]
+      ["Mark All" git-mark-all t]
+      ["Unmark" git-unmark-file t]
+      ["Unmark All" git-unmark-all t]
+      ["Toggle All Marks" git-toggle-all-marks t]
+      ["Hide Handled Files" git-remove-handled t]
+      "--------"
+      ["Show Uptodate Files" git-toggle-show-uptodate :style toggle :selected git-show-uptodate]
+      ["Show Ignored Files" git-toggle-show-ignored :style toggle :selected git-show-ignored]
+      ["Show Unknown Files" git-toggle-show-unknown :style toggle :selected git-show-unknown]
+      "--------"
+      ["Quit" git-status-quit t])))
+
+
+;; git mode should only run in the *git status* buffer
+(put 'git-status-mode 'mode-class 'special)
+
+(defun git-status-mode ()
+  "Major mode for interacting with Git.
+Commands:
+\\{git-status-mode-map}"
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (buffer-disable-undo)
+  (setq mode-name "git status"
+        major-mode 'git-status-mode
+        goal-column 17
+        buffer-read-only t)
+  (use-local-map git-status-mode-map)
+  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
+    (erase-buffer)
+  (let ((status (ewoc-create 'git-fileinfo-prettyprint "" "")))
+    (set (make-local-variable 'git-status) status))
+  (set (make-local-variable 'list-buffers-directory) default-directory)
+  (make-local-variable 'git-show-uptodate)
+  (make-local-variable 'git-show-ignored)
+  (make-local-variable 'git-show-unknown)
+  (run-hooks 'git-status-mode-hook)))
+
+(defun git-find-status-buffer (dir)
+  "Find the git status buffer handling a specified directory."
+  (let ((list (buffer-list))
+        (fulldir (expand-file-name dir))
+        found)
+    (while (and list (not found))
+      (let ((buffer (car list)))
+        (with-current-buffer buffer
+          (when (and list-buffers-directory
+                     (string-equal fulldir (expand-file-name list-buffers-directory))
+		     (eq major-mode 'git-status-mode))
+            (setq found buffer))))
+      (setq list (cdr list)))
+    found))
+
+(defun git-status (dir)
+  "Entry point into git-status mode."
+  (interactive "DSelect directory: ")
+  (setq dir (git-get-top-dir dir))
+  (if (file-directory-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
+      (let ((buffer (or (and git-reuse-status-buffer (git-find-status-buffer dir))
+                        (create-file-buffer (expand-file-name "*git-status*" dir)))))
+        (switch-to-buffer buffer)
+        (cd dir)
+        (git-status-mode)
+        (git-refresh-status)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'git-update-saved-file))
+    (message "%s is not a git working tree." dir)))
+
+(defun git-update-saved-file ()
+  "Update the corresponding git-status buffer when a file is saved.
+Meant to be used in `after-save-hook'."
+  (let* ((file (expand-file-name buffer-file-name))
+         (dir (condition-case nil (git-get-top-dir (file-name-directory file)) (error nil)))
+         (buffer (and dir (git-find-status-buffer dir))))
+    (when buffer
+      (with-current-buffer buffer
+        (let ((filename (file-relative-name file dir)))
+          ; skip files located inside the .git directory
+          (unless (string-match "^\\.git/" filename)
+            (git-call-process nil "add" "--refresh" "--" filename)
+            (git-update-status-files (list filename))))))))
+
+(defun git-help ()
+  "Display help for Git mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (describe-function 'git-status-mode))
+
+(provide 'git)
+;;; git.el ends here
diff --git a/contrib/examples/README b/contrib/examples/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6946f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/README
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+These are original scripted implementations, kept primarily for their
+reference value to any aspiring plumbing users who want to learn how
+pieces can be fit together.
diff --git a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd10dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+
+static char *get_stdin(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0) {
+		die_errno("error reading standard input");
+	}
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+static void show_new(enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1_new)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "  %s: %s\n", typename(type),
+		find_unique_abbrev(sha1_new, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+}
+
+static int update_ref_env(const char *action,
+		      const char *refname,
+		      unsigned char *sha1,
+		      unsigned char *oldval)
+{
+	char msg[1024];
+	const char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+
+	if (!rla)
+		rla = "(reflog update)";
+	if (snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action) >= sizeof(msg))
+		warning("reflog message too long: %.*s...", 50, msg);
+	return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval, 0, QUIET_ON_ERR);
+}
+
+static int update_local_ref(const char *name,
+			    const char *new_head,
+			    const char *note,
+			    int verbose, int force)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1_old[20], sha1_new[20];
+	char oldh[41], newh[41];
+	struct commit *current, *updated;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(new_head, sha1_new))
+		die("malformed object name %s", new_head);
+
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1_new, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("object %s not found", new_head);
+
+	if (!*name) {
+		/* Not storing */
+		if (verbose) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "* fetched %s\n", note);
+			show_new(type, sha1_new);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1_old)) {
+		const char *msg;
+	just_store:
+		/* new ref */
+		if (!strncmp(name, "refs/tags/", 10))
+			msg = "storing tag";
+		else
+			msg = "storing head";
+		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: storing %s\n",
+			name, note);
+		show_new(type, sha1_new);
+		return update_ref_env(msg, name, sha1_new, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (!hashcmp(sha1_old, sha1_new)) {
+		if (verbose) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "* %s: same as %s\n", name, note);
+			show_new(type, sha1_new);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strncmp(name, "refs/tags/", 10)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: updating with %s\n", name, note);
+		show_new(type, sha1_new);
+		return update_ref_env("updating tag", name, sha1_new, NULL);
+	}
+
+	current = lookup_commit_reference(sha1_old);
+	updated = lookup_commit_reference(sha1_new);
+	if (!current || !updated)
+		goto just_store;
+
+	strcpy(oldh, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	strcpy(newh, find_unique_abbrev(sha1_new, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: fast-forward to %s\n",
+			name, note);
+		fprintf(stderr, "  old..new: %s..%s\n", oldh, newh);
+		return update_ref_env("fast-forward", name, sha1_new, sha1_old);
+	}
+	if (!force) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"* %s: not updating to non-fast-forward %s\n",
+			name, note);
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"  old...new: %s...%s\n", oldh, newh);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"* %s: forcing update to non-fast-forward %s\n",
+		name, note);
+	fprintf(stderr, "  old...new: %s...%s\n", oldh, newh);
+	return update_ref_env("forced-update", name, sha1_new, sha1_old);
+}
+
+static int append_fetch_head(FILE *fp,
+			     const char *head, const char *remote,
+			     const char *remote_name, const char *remote_nick,
+			     const char *local_name, int not_for_merge,
+			     int verbose, int force)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int remote_len, i, note_len;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char note[1024];
+	const char *what, *kind;
+
+	if (get_sha1(head, sha1))
+		return error("Not a valid object name: %s", head);
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit)
+		not_for_merge = 1;
+
+	if (!strcmp(remote_name, "HEAD")) {
+		kind = "";
+		what = "";
+	}
+	else if (!strncmp(remote_name, "refs/heads/", 11)) {
+		kind = "branch";
+		what = remote_name + 11;
+	}
+	else if (!strncmp(remote_name, "refs/tags/", 10)) {
+		kind = "tag";
+		what = remote_name + 10;
+	}
+	else if (!strncmp(remote_name, "refs/remotes/", 13)) {
+		kind = "remote branch";
+		what = remote_name + 13;
+	}
+	else {
+		kind = "";
+		what = remote_name;
+	}
+
+	remote_len = strlen(remote);
+	for (i = remote_len - 1; remote[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+		;
+	remote_len = i + 1;
+	if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", remote + i - 3, 4))
+		remote_len = i - 3;
+
+	note_len = 0;
+	if (*what) {
+		if (*kind)
+			note_len += sprintf(note + note_len, "%s ", kind);
+		note_len += sprintf(note + note_len, "'%s' of ", what);
+	}
+	note_len += sprintf(note + note_len, "%.*s", remote_len, remote);
+	fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+		sha1_to_hex(commit ? commit->object.sha1 : sha1),
+		not_for_merge ? "not-for-merge" : "",
+		note);
+	return update_local_ref(local_name, head, note, verbose, force);
+}
+
+static char *keep;
+static void remove_keep(void)
+{
+	if (keep && *keep)
+		unlink(keep);
+}
+
+static void remove_keep_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_keep();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static char *find_local_name(const char *remote_name, const char *refs,
+			     int *force_p, int *not_for_merge_p)
+{
+	const char *ref = refs;
+	int len = strlen(remote_name);
+
+	while (ref) {
+		const char *next;
+		int single_force, not_for_merge;
+
+		while (*ref == '\n')
+			ref++;
+		if (!*ref)
+			break;
+		next = strchr(ref, '\n');
+
+		single_force = not_for_merge = 0;
+		if (*ref == '+') {
+			single_force = 1;
+			ref++;
+		}
+		if (*ref == '.') {
+			not_for_merge = 1;
+			ref++;
+			if (*ref == '+') {
+				single_force = 1;
+				ref++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!strncmp(remote_name, ref, len) && ref[len] == ':') {
+			const char *local_part = ref + len + 1;
+			int retlen;
+
+			if (!next)
+				retlen = strlen(local_part);
+			else
+				retlen = next - local_part;
+			*force_p = single_force;
+			*not_for_merge_p = not_for_merge;
+			return xmemdupz(local_part, retlen);
+		}
+		ref = next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int fetch_native_store(FILE *fp,
+			      const char *remote,
+			      const char *remote_nick,
+			      const char *refs,
+			      int verbose, int force)
+{
+	char buffer[1024];
+	int err = 0;
+
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_keep_on_signal);
+	atexit(remove_keep);
+
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin)) {
+		int len;
+		char *cp;
+		char *local_name;
+		int single_force, not_for_merge;
+
+		for (cp = buffer; *cp && !isspace(*cp); cp++)
+			;
+		if (*cp)
+			*cp++ = 0;
+		len = strlen(cp);
+		if (len && cp[len-1] == '\n')
+			cp[--len] = 0;
+		if (!strcmp(buffer, "failed"))
+			die("Fetch failure: %s", remote);
+		if (!strcmp(buffer, "pack"))
+			continue;
+		if (!strcmp(buffer, "keep")) {
+			char *od = get_object_directory();
+			int len = strlen(od) + strlen(cp) + 50;
+			keep = xmalloc(len);
+			sprintf(keep, "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep", od, cp);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		local_name = find_local_name(cp, refs,
+					     &single_force, &not_for_merge);
+		if (!local_name)
+			continue;
+		err |= append_fetch_head(fp,
+					 buffer, remote, cp, remote_nick,
+					 local_name, not_for_merge,
+					 verbose, force || single_force);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int parse_reflist(const char *reflist)
+{
+	const char *ref;
+
+	printf("refs='");
+	for (ref = reflist; ref; ) {
+		const char *next;
+		while (*ref && isspace(*ref))
+			ref++;
+		if (!*ref)
+			break;
+		for (next = ref; *next && !isspace(*next); next++)
+			;
+		printf("\n%.*s", (int)(next - ref), ref);
+		ref = next;
+	}
+	printf("'\n");
+
+	printf("rref='");
+	for (ref = reflist; ref; ) {
+		const char *next, *colon;
+		while (*ref && isspace(*ref))
+			ref++;
+		if (!*ref)
+			break;
+		for (next = ref; *next && !isspace(*next); next++)
+			;
+		if (*ref == '.')
+			ref++;
+		if (*ref == '+')
+			ref++;
+		colon = strchr(ref, ':');
+		putchar('\n');
+		printf("%.*s", (int)((colon ? colon : next) - ref), ref);
+		ref = next;
+	}
+	printf("'\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int expand_refs_wildcard(const char *ls_remote_result, int numrefs,
+				const char **refs)
+{
+	int i, matchlen, replacelen;
+	int found_one = 0;
+	const char *remote = *refs++;
+	numrefs--;
+
+	if (numrefs == 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Nothing specified for fetching with remote.%s.fetch\n",
+			remote);
+		printf("empty\n");
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < numrefs; i++) {
+		const char *ref = refs[i];
+		const char *lref = ref;
+		const char *colon;
+		const char *tail;
+		const char *ls;
+		const char *next;
+
+		if (*lref == '+')
+			lref++;
+		colon = strchr(lref, ':');
+		tail = lref + strlen(lref);
+		if (!(colon &&
+		      2 < colon - lref &&
+		      colon[-1] == '*' &&
+		      colon[-2] == '/' &&
+		      2 < tail - (colon + 1) &&
+		      tail[-1] == '*' &&
+		      tail[-2] == '/')) {
+			/* not a glob */
+			if (!found_one++)
+				printf("explicit\n");
+			printf("%s\n", ref);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* glob */
+		if (!found_one++)
+			printf("glob\n");
+
+		/* lref to colon-2 is remote hierarchy name;
+		 * colon+1 to tail-2 is local.
+		 */
+		matchlen = (colon-1) - lref;
+		replacelen = (tail-1) - (colon+1);
+		for (ls = ls_remote_result; ls; ls = next) {
+			const char *eol;
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			int namelen;
+
+			while (*ls && isspace(*ls))
+				ls++;
+			next = strchr(ls, '\n');
+			eol = !next ? (ls + strlen(ls)) : next;
+			if (!memcmp("^{}", eol-3, 3))
+				continue;
+			if (eol - ls < 40)
+				continue;
+			if (get_sha1_hex(ls, sha1))
+				continue;
+			ls += 40;
+			while (ls < eol && isspace(*ls))
+				ls++;
+			/* ls to next (or eol) is the name.
+			 * is it identical to lref to colon-2?
+			 */
+			if ((eol - ls) <= matchlen ||
+			    strncmp(ls, lref, matchlen))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Yes, it is a match */
+			namelen = eol - ls;
+			if (lref != ref)
+				putchar('+');
+			printf("%.*s:%.*s%.*s\n",
+			       namelen, ls,
+			       replacelen, colon + 1,
+			       namelen - matchlen, ls + matchlen);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int pick_rref(int sha1_only, const char *rref, const char *ls_remote_result)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	int lrr_count = lrr_count, i, pass;
+	const char *cp;
+	struct lrr {
+		const char *line;
+		const char *name;
+		int namelen;
+		int shown;
+	} *lrr_list = lrr_list;
+
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+		/* pass 0 counts and allocates, pass 1 fills... */
+		cp = ls_remote_result;
+		i = 0;
+		while (1) {
+			const char *np;
+			while (*cp && isspace(*cp))
+				cp++;
+			if (!*cp)
+				break;
+			np = strchrnul(cp, '\n');
+			if (pass) {
+				lrr_list[i].line = cp;
+				lrr_list[i].name = cp + 41;
+				lrr_list[i].namelen = np - (cp + 41);
+			}
+			i++;
+			cp = np;
+		}
+		if (!pass) {
+			lrr_count = i;
+			lrr_list = xcalloc(lrr_count, sizeof(*lrr_list));
+		}
+	}
+
+	while (1) {
+		const char *next;
+		int rreflen;
+		int i;
+
+		while (*rref && isspace(*rref))
+			rref++;
+		if (!*rref)
+			break;
+		next = strchrnul(rref, '\n');
+		rreflen = next - rref;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < lrr_count; i++) {
+			struct lrr *lrr = &(lrr_list[i]);
+
+			if (rreflen == lrr->namelen &&
+			    !memcmp(lrr->name, rref, rreflen)) {
+				if (!lrr->shown)
+					printf("%.*s\n",
+					       sha1_only ? 40 : lrr->namelen + 41,
+					       lrr->line);
+				lrr->shown = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (lrr_count <= i) {
+			error("pick-rref: %.*s not found", rreflen, rref);
+			err = 1;
+		}
+		rref = next;
+	}
+	free(lrr_list);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int cmd_fetch__tool(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int verbose = 0;
+	int force = 0;
+	int sopt = 0;
+
+	while (1 < argc) {
+		const char *arg = argv[1];
+		if (!strcmp("-v", arg))
+			verbose = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp("-f", arg))
+			force = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp("-s", arg))
+			sopt = 1;
+		else
+			break;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc <= 1)
+		return error("Missing subcommand");
+
+	if (!strcmp("append-fetch-head", argv[1])) {
+		int result;
+		FILE *fp;
+		char *filename;
+
+		if (argc != 8)
+			return error("append-fetch-head takes 6 args");
+		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+		fp = fopen(filename, "a");
+		if (!fp)
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+		result = append_fetch_head(fp, argv[2], argv[3],
+					   argv[4], argv[5],
+					   argv[6], !!argv[7][0],
+					   verbose, force);
+		fclose(fp);
+		return result;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("native-store", argv[1])) {
+		int result;
+		FILE *fp;
+		char *filename;
+
+		if (argc != 5)
+			return error("fetch-native-store takes 3 args");
+		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
+		fp = fopen(filename, "a");
+		if (!fp)
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+		result = fetch_native_store(fp, argv[2], argv[3], argv[4],
+					    verbose, force);
+		fclose(fp);
+		return result;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("parse-reflist", argv[1])) {
+		const char *reflist;
+		if (argc != 3)
+			return error("parse-reflist takes 1 arg");
+		reflist = argv[2];
+		if (!strcmp(reflist, "-"))
+			reflist = get_stdin();
+		return parse_reflist(reflist);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("pick-rref", argv[1])) {
+		const char *ls_remote_result;
+		if (argc != 4)
+			return error("pick-rref takes 2 args");
+		ls_remote_result = argv[3];
+		if (!strcmp(ls_remote_result, "-"))
+			ls_remote_result = get_stdin();
+		return pick_rref(sopt, argv[2], ls_remote_result);
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("expand-refs-wildcard", argv[1])) {
+		const char *reflist;
+		if (argc < 4)
+			return error("expand-refs-wildcard takes at least 2 args");
+		reflist = argv[2];
+		if (!strcmp(reflist, "-"))
+			reflist = get_stdin();
+		return expand_refs_wildcard(reflist, argc - 3, argv + 3);
+	}
+
+	return error("Unknown subcommand: %s", argv[1]);
+}
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh b/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1a7689a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=t
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git-checkout [options] [<branch>] [<paths>...]
+--
+b=          create a new branch started at <branch>
+l           create the new branch's reflog
+track       arrange that the new branch tracks the remote branch
+f           proceed even if the index or working tree is not HEAD
+m           merge local modifications into the new branch
+q,quiet     be quiet
+"
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Sometimes
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+
+old_name=HEAD
+old=$(git rev-parse --verify $old_name 2>/dev/null)
+oldbranch=$(git symbolic-ref $old_name 2>/dev/null)
+new=
+new_name=
+force=
+branch=
+track=
+newbranch=
+newbranch_log=
+merge=
+quiet=
+v=-v
+LF='
+'
+
+while test $# != 0; do
+	case "$1" in
+	-b)
+		shift
+		newbranch="$1"
+		[ -z "$newbranch" ] &&
+			die "git checkout: -b needs a branch name"
+		git show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/heads/$newbranch" &&
+			die "git checkout: branch $newbranch already exists"
+		git check-ref-format "heads/$newbranch" ||
+			die "git checkout: we do not like '$newbranch' as a branch name."
+		;;
+	-l)
+		newbranch_log=-l
+		;;
+	--track|--no-track)
+		track="$1"
+		;;
+	-f)
+		force=1
+		;;
+	-m)
+		merge=1
+		;;
+	-q|--quiet)
+		quiet=1
+		v=
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+arg="$1"
+rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$arg" 2>/dev/null)
+if rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$rev^0" 2>/dev/null)
+then
+	[ -z "$rev" ] && die "unknown flag $arg"
+	new_name="$arg"
+	if git show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/heads/$arg"
+	then
+		rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "refs/heads/$arg^0")
+		branch="$arg"
+	fi
+	new="$rev"
+	shift
+elif rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$rev^{tree}" 2>/dev/null)
+then
+	# checking out selected paths from a tree-ish.
+	new="$rev"
+	new_name="$rev^{tree}"
+	shift
+fi
+[ "$1" = "--" ] && shift
+
+case "$newbranch,$track" in
+,--*)
+	die "git checkout: --track and --no-track require -b"
+esac
+
+case "$force$merge" in
+11)
+	die "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+esac
+
+# The behaviour of the command with and without explicit path
+# parameters is quite different.
+#
+# Without paths, we are checking out everything in the work tree,
+# possibly switching branches.  This is the traditional behaviour.
+#
+# With paths, we are _never_ switching branch, but checking out
+# the named paths from either index (when no rev is given),
+# or the named tree-ish (when rev is given).
+
+if test "$#" -ge 1
+then
+	hint=
+	if test "$#" -eq 1
+	then
+		hint="
+Did you intend to checkout '$@' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+	fi
+	if test '' != "$newbranch$force$merge"
+	then
+		die "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches/forcing$hint"
+	fi
+	if test '' != "$new"
+	then
+		# from a specific tree-ish; note that this is for
+		# rescuing paths and is never meant to remove what
+		# is not in the named tree-ish.
+		git ls-tree --full-name -r "$new" "$@" |
+		git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure the request is about existing paths.
+	git ls-files --full-name --error-unmatch -- "$@" >/dev/null || exit
+	git ls-files --full-name -- "$@" |
+		(cd_to_toplevel && git checkout-index -f -u --stdin)
+
+	# Run a post-checkout hook -- the HEAD does not change so the
+	# current HEAD is passed in for both args
+	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-checkout; then
+	    "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-checkout $old $old 0
+	fi
+
+	exit $?
+else
+	# Make sure we did not fall back on $arg^{tree} codepath
+	# since we are not checking out from an arbitrary tree-ish,
+	# but switching branches.
+	if test '' != "$new"
+	then
+		git rev-parse --verify "$new^{commit}" >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
+		die "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
+	fi
+fi
+
+# We are switching branches and checking out trees, so
+# we *NEED* to be at the toplevel.
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+[ -z "$new" ] && new=$old && new_name="$old_name"
+
+# If we don't have an existing branch that we're switching to,
+# and we don't have a new branch name for the target we
+# are switching to, then we are detaching our HEAD from any
+# branch.  However, if "git checkout HEAD" detaches the HEAD
+# from the current branch, even though that may be logically
+# correct, it feels somewhat funny.  More importantly, we do not
+# want "git checkout" nor "git checkout -f" to detach HEAD.
+
+detached=
+detach_warn=
+
+describe_detached_head () {
+	test -n "$quiet" || {
+		printf >&2 "$1 "
+		GIT_PAGER= git log >&2 -1 --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit "$2" --
+	}
+}
+
+if test -z "$branch$newbranch" && test "$new_name" != "$old_name"
+then
+	detached="$new"
+	if test -n "$oldbranch" && test -z "$quiet"
+	then
+		detach_warn="Note: moving to \"$new_name\" which isn't a local branch
+If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
+(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>"
+	fi
+elif test -z "$oldbranch" && test "$new" != "$old"
+then
+	describe_detached_head 'Previous HEAD position was' "$old"
+fi
+
+if [ "X$old" = X ]
+then
+	if test -z "$quiet"
+	then
+		echo >&2 "warning: You appear to be on a branch yet to be born."
+		echo >&2 "warning: Forcing checkout of $new_name."
+	fi
+	force=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$force" ]
+then
+    git read-tree $v --reset -u $new
+else
+    git update-index --refresh >/dev/null
+    git read-tree $v -m -u --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore $old $new || (
+	case "$merge,$v" in
+	,*)
+		exit 1 ;;
+	1,)
+		;; # quiet
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "Falling back to 3-way merge..." ;;
+	esac
+
+	# Match the index to the working tree, and do a three-way.
+	git diff-files --name-only | git update-index --remove --stdin &&
+	work=`git write-tree` &&
+	git read-tree $v --reset -u $new || exit
+
+	eval GITHEAD_$new='${new_name:-${branch:-$new}}' &&
+	eval GITHEAD_$work=local &&
+	export GITHEAD_$new GITHEAD_$work &&
+	git merge-recursive $old -- $new $work
+
+	# Do not register the cleanly merged paths in the index yet.
+	# this is not a real merge before committing, but just carrying
+	# the working tree changes along.
+	unmerged=`git ls-files -u`
+	git read-tree $v --reset $new
+	case "$unmerged" in
+	'')	;;
+	*)
+		(
+			z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+			echo "$unmerged" |
+			sed -e 's/^[0-7]* [0-9a-f]* /'"0 $z40 /"
+			echo "$unmerged"
+		) | git update-index --index-info
+		;;
+	esac
+	exit 0
+    )
+    saved_err=$?
+    if test "$saved_err" = 0 && test -z "$quiet"
+    then
+	git diff-index --name-status "$new"
+    fi
+    (exit $saved_err)
+fi
+
+#
+# Switch the HEAD pointer to the new branch if we
+# checked out a branch head, and remove any potential
+# old MERGE_HEAD's (subsequent commits will clearly not
+# be based on them, since we re-set the index)
+#
+if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
+	if [ "$newbranch" ]; then
+		git branch $track $newbranch_log "$newbranch" "$new_name" || exit
+		branch="$newbranch"
+	fi
+	if test -n "$branch"
+	then
+		old_branch_name=`expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git symbolic-ref -m "checkout: moving from ${old_branch_name:-$old} to $branch" HEAD "refs/heads/$branch"
+		if test -n "$quiet"
+		then
+			true	# nothing
+		elif test "refs/heads/$branch" = "$oldbranch"
+		then
+			echo >&2 "Already on branch \"$branch\""
+		else
+			echo >&2 "Switched to${newbranch:+ a new} branch \"$branch\""
+		fi
+	elif test -n "$detached"
+	then
+		old_branch_name=`expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		git update-ref --no-deref -m "checkout: moving from ${old_branch_name:-$old} to $arg" HEAD "$detached" ||
+			die "Cannot detach HEAD"
+		if test -n "$detach_warn"
+		then
+			echo >&2 "$detach_warn"
+		fi
+		describe_detached_head 'HEAD is now at' HEAD
+	fi
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"
+else
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Run a post-checkout hook
+if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-checkout; then
+	"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-checkout $old $new 1
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-clean.sh b/contrib/examples/git-clean.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..01c95e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-clean.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Pavel Roskin
+#
+
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git-clean [options] <paths>...
+
+Clean untracked files from the working directory
+
+When optional <paths>... arguments are given, the paths
+affected are further limited to those that match them.
+--
+d remove directories as well
+f override clean.requireForce and clean anyway
+n don't remove anything, just show what would be done
+q be quiet, only report errors
+x remove ignored files as well
+X remove only ignored files"
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+
+ignored=
+ignoredonly=
+cleandir=
+rmf="rm -f --"
+rmrf="rm -rf --"
+rm_refuse="echo Not removing"
+echo1="echo"
+
+disabled=$(git config --bool clean.requireForce)
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-d)
+		cleandir=1
+		;;
+	-f)
+		disabled=false
+		;;
+	-n)
+		disabled=false
+		rmf="echo Would remove"
+		rmrf="echo Would remove"
+		rm_refuse="echo Would not remove"
+		echo1=":"
+		;;
+	-q)
+		echo1=":"
+		;;
+	-x)
+		ignored=1
+		;;
+	-X)
+		ignoredonly=1
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage # should not happen
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+# requireForce used to default to false but now it defaults to true.
+# IOW, lack of explicit "clean.requireForce = false" is taken as
+# "clean.requireForce = true".
+case "$disabled" in
+"")
+	die "clean.requireForce not set and -n or -f not given; refusing to clean"
+	;;
+"true")
+	die "clean.requireForce set and -n or -f not given; refusing to clean"
+	;;
+esac
+
+if [ "$ignored,$ignoredonly" = "1,1" ]; then
+	die "-x and -X cannot be set together"
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$ignored" ]; then
+	excl="--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore"
+	excl_info= excludes_file=
+	if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/info/exclude" ]; then
+		excl_info="--exclude-from=$GIT_DIR/info/exclude"
+	fi
+	if cfg_excl=$(git config core.excludesfile) && test -f "$cfg_excl"
+	then
+		excludes_file="--exclude-from=$cfg_excl"
+	fi
+	if [ "$ignoredonly" ]; then
+		excl="$excl --ignored"
+	fi
+fi
+
+git ls-files --others --directory \
+	$excl ${excl_info:+"$excl_info"} ${excludes_file:+"$excludes_file"} \
+	-- "$@" |
+while read -r file; do
+	if [ -d "$file" -a ! -L "$file" ]; then
+		if [ -z "$cleandir" ]; then
+			$rm_refuse "$file"
+			continue
+		fi
+		$echo1 "Removing $file"
+		$rmrf "$file"
+	else
+		$echo1 "Removing $file"
+		$rmf "$file"
+	fi
+done
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh b/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..547228e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005, Linus Torvalds
+# Copyright (c) 2005, Junio C Hamano
+#
+# Clone a repository into a different directory that does not yet exist.
+
+# See git-sh-setup why.
+unset CDPATH
+
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git-clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]
+--
+n,no-checkout        don't create a checkout
+bare                 create a bare repository
+naked                create a bare repository
+l,local              to clone from a local repository
+no-hardlinks         don't use local hardlinks, always copy
+s,shared             setup as a shared repository
+template=            path to the template directory
+q,quiet              be quiet
+reference=           reference repository
+o,origin=            use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream
+u,upload-pack=       path to git-upload-pack on the remote
+depth=               create a shallow clone of that depth
+
+use-separate-remote  compatibility, do not use
+no-separate-remote   compatibility, do not use"
+
+die() {
+	echo >&2 "$@"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+usage() {
+	exec "$0" -h
+}
+
+eval "$(echo "$OPTIONS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
+
+get_repo_base() {
+	(
+		cd "`/bin/pwd`" &&
+		cd "$1" || cd "$1.git" &&
+		{
+			cd .git
+			pwd
+		}
+	) 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" -o \
+	"`git config --bool http.sslVerify`" = false ]; then
+    curl_extra_args="-k"
+fi
+
+http_fetch () {
+	# $1 = Remote, $2 = Local
+	curl -nsfL $curl_extra_args "$1" >"$2"
+	curl_exit_status=$?
+	case $curl_exit_status in
+	126|127) exit ;;
+	*)	 return $curl_exit_status ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+clone_dumb_http () {
+	# $1 - remote, $2 - local
+	cd "$2" &&
+	clone_tmp="$GIT_DIR/clone-tmp" &&
+	mkdir -p "$clone_tmp" || exit 1
+	if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
+		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		curl_extra_args="${curl_extra_args} --disable-epsv"
+	fi
+	http_fetch "$1/info/refs" "$clone_tmp/refs" ||
+		die "Cannot get remote repository information.
+Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
+	test "z$quiet" = z && v=-v || v=
+	while read sha1 refname
+	do
+		name=`expr "z$refname" : 'zrefs/\(.*\)'` &&
+		case "$name" in
+		*^*)	continue;;
+		esac
+		case "$bare,$name" in
+		yes,* | ,heads/* | ,tags/*) ;;
+		*)	continue ;;
+		esac
+		if test -n "$use_separate_remote" &&
+		   branch_name=`expr "z$name" : 'zheads/\(.*\)'`
+		then
+			tname="remotes/$origin/$branch_name"
+		else
+			tname=$name
+		fi
+		git-http-fetch $v -a -w "$tname" "$sha1" "$1" || exit 1
+	done <"$clone_tmp/refs"
+	rm -fr "$clone_tmp"
+	http_fetch "$1/HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" ||
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"
+	if test -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"; then
+		head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"`
+		case "$head_sha1" in
+		'ref: refs/'*)
+			;;
+		*)
+			git-http-fetch $v -a "$head_sha1" "$1" ||
+			rm -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+}
+
+quiet=
+local=no
+use_local_hardlink=yes
+local_shared=no
+unset template
+no_checkout=
+upload_pack=
+bare=
+reference=
+origin=
+origin_override=
+use_separate_remote=t
+depth=
+no_progress=
+local_explicitly_asked_for=
+test -t 1 || no_progress=--no-progress
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-n|--no-checkout)
+		no_checkout=yes ;;
+	--naked|--bare)
+		bare=yes ;;
+	-l|--local)
+		local_explicitly_asked_for=yes
+		use_local_hardlink=yes
+		;;
+	--no-hardlinks)
+		use_local_hardlink=no ;;
+	-s|--shared)
+		local_shared=yes ;;
+	--template)
+		shift; template="--template=$1" ;;
+	-q|--quiet)
+		quiet=-q ;;
+	--use-separate-remote|--no-separate-remote)
+		die "clones are always made with separate-remote layout" ;;
+	--reference)
+		shift; reference="$1" ;;
+	-o|--origin)
+		shift;
+		case "$1" in
+		'')
+		    usage ;;
+		*/*)
+		    die "'$1' is not suitable for an origin name"
+		esac
+		git check-ref-format "heads/$1" ||
+		    die "'$1' is not suitable for a branch name"
+		test -z "$origin_override" ||
+		    die "Do not give more than one --origin options."
+		origin_override=yes
+		origin="$1"
+		;;
+	-u|--upload-pack)
+		shift
+		upload_pack="--upload-pack=$1" ;;
+	--depth)
+		shift
+		depth="--depth=$1" ;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break ;;
+	*)
+		usage ;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+repo="$1"
+test -n "$repo" ||
+    die 'you must specify a repository to clone.'
+
+# --bare implies --no-checkout and --no-separate-remote
+if test yes = "$bare"
+then
+	if test yes = "$origin_override"
+	then
+		die '--bare and --origin $origin options are incompatible.'
+	fi
+	no_checkout=yes
+	use_separate_remote=
+fi
+
+if test -z "$origin"
+then
+	origin=origin
+fi
+
+# Turn the source into an absolute path if
+# it is local
+if base=$(get_repo_base "$repo"); then
+	repo="$base"
+	if test -z "$depth"
+	then
+		local=yes
+	fi
+elif test -f "$repo"
+then
+	case "$repo" in /*) ;; *) repo="$PWD/$repo" ;; esac
+fi
+
+# Decide the directory name of the new repository
+if test -n "$2"
+then
+	dir="$2"
+	test $# = 2 || die "excess parameter to git-clone"
+else
+	# Derive one from the repository name
+	# Try using "humanish" part of source repo if user didn't specify one
+	if test -f "$repo"
+	then
+		# Cloning from a bundle
+		dir=$(echo "$repo" | sed -e 's|/*\.bundle$||' -e 's|.*/||g')
+	else
+		dir=$(echo "$repo" |
+			sed -e 's|/$||' -e 's|:*/*\.git$||' -e 's|.*[/:]||g')
+	fi
+fi
+
+[ -e "$dir" ] && die "destination directory '$dir' already exists."
+[ yes = "$bare" ] && unset GIT_WORK_TREE
+[ -n "$GIT_WORK_TREE" ] && [ -e "$GIT_WORK_TREE" ] &&
+die "working tree '$GIT_WORK_TREE' already exists."
+D=
+W=
+cleanup() {
+	test -z "$D" && rm -rf "$dir"
+	test -z "$W" && test -n "$GIT_WORK_TREE" && rm -rf "$GIT_WORK_TREE"
+	cd ..
+	test -n "$D" && rm -rf "$D"
+	test -n "$W" && rm -rf "$W"
+	exit $err
+}
+trap 'err=$?; cleanup' 0
+mkdir -p "$dir" && D=$(cd "$dir" && pwd) || usage
+test -n "$GIT_WORK_TREE" && mkdir -p "$GIT_WORK_TREE" &&
+W=$(cd "$GIT_WORK_TREE" && pwd) && GIT_WORK_TREE="$W" && export GIT_WORK_TREE
+if test yes = "$bare" || test -n "$GIT_WORK_TREE"; then
+	GIT_DIR="$D"
+else
+	GIT_DIR="$D/.git"
+fi &&
+export GIT_DIR &&
+GIT_CONFIG="$GIT_DIR/config" git-init $quiet ${template+"$template"} || usage
+
+if test -n "$bare"
+then
+	GIT_CONFIG="$GIT_DIR/config" git config core.bare true
+fi
+
+if test -n "$reference"
+then
+	ref_git=
+	if test -d "$reference"
+	then
+		if test -d "$reference/.git/objects"
+		then
+			ref_git="$reference/.git"
+		elif test -d "$reference/objects"
+		then
+			ref_git="$reference"
+		fi
+	fi
+	if test -n "$ref_git"
+	then
+		ref_git=$(cd "$ref_git" && pwd)
+		echo "$ref_git/objects" >"$GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates"
+		(
+			GIT_DIR="$ref_git" git for-each-ref \
+				--format='%(objectname) %(*objectname)'
+		) |
+		while read a b
+		do
+			test -z "$a" ||
+			git update-ref "refs/reference-tmp/$a" "$a"
+			test -z "$b" ||
+			git update-ref "refs/reference-tmp/$b" "$b"
+		done
+	else
+		die "reference repository '$reference' is not a local directory."
+	fi
+fi
+
+rm -f "$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD"
+
+# We do local magic only when the user tells us to.
+case "$local" in
+yes)
+	( cd "$repo/objects" ) ||
+		die "cannot chdir to local '$repo/objects'."
+
+	if test "$local_shared" = yes
+	then
+		mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR/objects/info"
+		echo "$repo/objects" >>"$GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates"
+	else
+		cpio_quiet_flag=""
+		cpio --help 2>&1 | grep -- --quiet >/dev/null && \
+			cpio_quiet_flag=--quiet
+		l= &&
+		if test "$use_local_hardlink" = yes
+		then
+			# See if we can hardlink and drop "l" if not.
+			sample_file=$(cd "$repo" && \
+				      find objects -type f -print | sed -e 1q)
+			# objects directory should not be empty because
+			# we are cloning!
+			test -f "$repo/$sample_file" ||
+				die "fatal: cannot clone empty repository"
+			if ln "$repo/$sample_file" "$GIT_DIR/objects/sample" 2>/dev/null
+			then
+				rm -f "$GIT_DIR/objects/sample"
+				l=l
+			elif test -n "$local_explicitly_asked_for"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "Warning: -l asked but cannot hardlink to $repo"
+			fi
+		fi &&
+		cd "$repo" &&
+		# Create dirs using umask and permissions and destination
+		find objects -type d -print | (cd "$GIT_DIR" && xargs mkdir -p) &&
+		# Copy existing 0444 permissions on content
+		find objects ! -type d -print | cpio $cpio_quiet_flag -pumd$l "$GIT_DIR/" || \
+			exit 1
+	fi
+	git-ls-remote "$repo" >"$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD" || exit 1
+	;;
+*)
+	case "$repo" in
+	rsync://*)
+		case "$depth" in
+		"") ;;
+		*) die "shallow over rsync not supported" ;;
+		esac
+		rsync $quiet -av --ignore-existing  \
+			--exclude info "$repo/objects/" "$GIT_DIR/objects/" ||
+		exit
+		# Look at objects/info/alternates for rsync -- http will
+		# support it natively and git native ones will do it on the
+		# remote end.  Not having that file is not a crime.
+		rsync -q "$repo/objects/info/alternates" \
+			"$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT" 2>/dev/null ||
+			rm -f "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT"
+		if test -f "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT"
+		then
+		    ( cd "$D" &&
+		      . git-parse-remote &&
+		      resolve_alternates "$repo" <"$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT" ) |
+		    while read alt
+		    do
+			case "$alt" in 'bad alternate: '*) die "$alt";; esac
+			case "$quiet" in
+			'')	echo >&2 "Getting alternate: $alt" ;;
+			esac
+			rsync $quiet -av --ignore-existing  \
+			    --exclude info "$alt" "$GIT_DIR/objects" || exit
+		    done
+		    rm -f "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT"
+		fi
+		git-ls-remote "$repo" >"$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD" || exit 1
+		;;
+	https://*|http://*|ftp://*)
+		case "$depth" in
+		"") ;;
+		*) die "shallow over http or ftp not supported" ;;
+		esac
+		if test -z "@@NO_CURL@@"
+		then
+			clone_dumb_http "$repo" "$D"
+		else
+			die "http transport not supported, rebuild Git with curl support"
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		if [ -f "$repo" ] ; then
+			git bundle unbundle "$repo" > "$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD" ||
+			die "unbundle from '$repo' failed."
+		else
+			case "$upload_pack" in
+			'') git-fetch-pack --all -k $quiet $depth $no_progress "$repo";;
+			*) git-fetch-pack --all -k \
+				$quiet "$upload_pack" $depth $no_progress "$repo" ;;
+			esac >"$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD" ||
+			die "fetch-pack from '$repo' failed."
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+	;;
+esac
+test -d "$GIT_DIR/refs/reference-tmp" && rm -fr "$GIT_DIR/refs/reference-tmp"
+
+if test -f "$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD"
+then
+	# Read git-fetch-pack -k output and store the remote branches.
+	if [ -n "$use_separate_remote" ]
+	then
+		branch_top="remotes/$origin"
+	else
+		branch_top="heads"
+	fi
+	tag_top="tags"
+	while read sha1 name
+	do
+		case "$name" in
+		*'^{}')
+			continue ;;
+		HEAD)
+			destname="REMOTE_HEAD" ;;
+		refs/heads/*)
+			destname="refs/$branch_top/${name#refs/heads/}" ;;
+		refs/tags/*)
+			destname="refs/$tag_top/${name#refs/tags/}" ;;
+		*)
+			continue ;;
+		esac
+		git update-ref -m "clone: from $repo" "$destname" "$sha1" ""
+	done < "$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD"
+fi
+
+if test -n "$W"; then
+	cd "$W" || exit
+else
+	cd "$D" || exit
+fi
+
+if test -z "$bare"
+then
+	# a non-bare repository is always in separate-remote layout
+	remote_top="refs/remotes/$origin"
+	head_sha1=
+	test ! -r "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" || head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"`
+	case "$head_sha1" in
+	'ref: refs/'*)
+		# Uh-oh, the remote told us (http transport done against
+		# new style repository with a symref HEAD).
+		# Ideally we should skip the guesswork but for now
+		# opt for minimum change.
+		head_sha1=`expr "z$head_sha1" : 'zref: refs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$head_sha1"`
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# The name under $remote_top the remote HEAD seems to point at.
+	head_points_at=$(
+		(
+			test -f "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/master" && echo "master"
+			cd "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top" &&
+			find . -type f -print | sed -e 's/^\.\///'
+		) | (
+		done=f
+		while read name
+		do
+			test t = $done && continue
+			branch_tip=`cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$name"`
+			if test "$head_sha1" = "$branch_tip"
+			then
+				echo "$name"
+				done=t
+			fi
+		done
+		)
+	)
+
+	# Upstream URL
+	git config remote."$origin".url "$repo" &&
+
+	# Set up the mappings to track the remote branches.
+	git config remote."$origin".fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:$remote_top/*" '^$' &&
+
+	# Write out remote.$origin config, and update our "$head_points_at".
+	case "$head_points_at" in
+	?*)
+		# Local default branch
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD "refs/heads/$head_points_at" &&
+
+		# Tracking branch for the primary branch at the remote.
+		git update-ref HEAD "$head_sha1" &&
+
+		rm -f "refs/remotes/$origin/HEAD"
+		git symbolic-ref "refs/remotes/$origin/HEAD" \
+			"refs/remotes/$origin/$head_points_at" &&
+
+		git config branch."$head_points_at".remote "$origin" &&
+		git config branch."$head_points_at".merge "refs/heads/$head_points_at"
+		;;
+	'')
+		if test -z "$head_sha1"
+		then
+			# Source had nonexistent ref in HEAD
+			echo >&2 "Warning: Remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout."
+			no_checkout=t
+		else
+			# Source had detached HEAD pointing nowhere
+			git update-ref --no-deref HEAD "$head_sha1" &&
+			rm -f "refs/remotes/$origin/HEAD"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	case "$no_checkout" in
+	'')
+		test "z$quiet" = z -a "z$no_progress" = z && v=-v || v=
+		git read-tree -m -u $v HEAD HEAD
+	esac
+fi
+rm -f "$GIT_DIR/CLONE_HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"
+
+trap - 0
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c72f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+
+USAGE='[-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [--no-verify] [-m <message> | -F <logfile> | (-C|-c) <commit> | --amend] [-u] [-e] [--author <author>] [--template <file>] [[-i | -o] <path>...]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+
+git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1 || initial_commit=t
+
+case "$0" in
+*status)
+	status_only=t
+	;;
+*commit)
+	status_only=
+	;;
+esac
+
+refuse_partial () {
+	echo >&2 "$1"
+	echo >&2 "You might have meant to say 'git commit -i paths...', perhaps?"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+TMP_INDEX=
+THIS_INDEX="${GIT_INDEX_FILE:-$GIT_DIR/index}"
+NEXT_INDEX="$GIT_DIR/next-index$$"
+rm -f "$NEXT_INDEX"
+save_index () {
+	cp -p "$THIS_INDEX" "$NEXT_INDEX"
+}
+
+run_status () {
+	# If TMP_INDEX is defined, that means we are doing
+	# "--only" partial commit, and that index file is used
+	# to build the tree for the commit.  Otherwise, if
+	# NEXT_INDEX exists, that is the index file used to
+	# make the commit.  Otherwise we are using as-is commit
+	# so the regular index file is what we use to compare.
+	if test '' != "$TMP_INDEX"
+	then
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP_INDEX"
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+	elif test -f "$NEXT_INDEX"
+	then
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$NEXT_INDEX"
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+	fi
+
+	if test "$status_only" = "t" -o "$use_status_color" = "t"; then
+		color=
+	else
+		color=--nocolor
+	fi
+	git runstatus ${color} \
+		${verbose:+--verbose} \
+		${amend:+--amend} \
+		${untracked_files:+--untracked}
+}
+
+trap '
+	test -z "$TMP_INDEX" || {
+		test -f "$TMP_INDEX" && rm -f "$TMP_INDEX"
+	}
+	rm -f "$NEXT_INDEX"
+' 0
+
+################################################################
+# Command line argument parsing and sanity checking
+
+all=
+also=
+allow_empty=f
+interactive=
+only=
+logfile=
+use_commit=
+amend=
+edit_flag=
+no_edit=
+log_given=
+log_message=
+verify=t
+quiet=
+verbose=
+signoff=
+force_author=
+only_include_assumed=
+untracked_files=
+templatefile="`git config commit.template`"
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-F|--F|-f|--f|--fi|--fil|--file)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		no_edit=t
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		logfile="$1"
+		;;
+	-F*|-f*)
+		no_edit=t
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		logfile="${1#-[Ff]}"
+		;;
+	--F=*|--f=*|--fi=*|--fil=*|--file=*)
+		no_edit=t
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		logfile="${1#*=}"
+		;;
+	-a|--a|--al|--all)
+		all=t
+		;;
+	--allo|--allow|--allow-|--allow-e|--allow-em|--allow-emp|\
+	--allow-empt|--allow-empty)
+		allow_empty=t
+		;;
+	--au=*|--aut=*|--auth=*|--autho=*|--author=*)
+		force_author="${1#*=}"
+		;;
+	--au|--aut|--auth|--autho|--author)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		force_author="$1"
+		;;
+	-e|--e|--ed|--edi|--edit)
+		edit_flag=t
+		;;
+	-i|--i|--in|--inc|--incl|--inclu|--includ|--include)
+		also=t
+		;;
+	--int|--inte|--inter|--intera|--interac|--interact|--interacti|\
+	--interactiv|--interactive)
+		interactive=t
+		;;
+	-o|--o|--on|--onl|--only)
+		only=t
+		;;
+	-m|--m|--me|--mes|--mess|--messa|--messag|--message)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		log_given=m$log_given
+		log_message="${log_message:+${log_message}
+
+}$1"
+		no_edit=t
+		;;
+	-m*)
+		log_given=m$log_given
+		log_message="${log_message:+${log_message}
+
+}${1#-m}"
+		no_edit=t
+		;;
+	--m=*|--me=*|--mes=*|--mess=*|--messa=*|--messag=*|--message=*)
+		log_given=m$log_given
+		log_message="${log_message:+${log_message}
+
+}${1#*=}"
+		no_edit=t
+		;;
+	-n|--n|--no|--no-|--no-v|--no-ve|--no-ver|--no-veri|--no-verif|\
+	--no-verify)
+		verify=
+		;;
+	--a|--am|--ame|--amen|--amend)
+		amend=t
+		use_commit=HEAD
+		;;
+	-c)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		use_commit="$1"
+		no_edit=
+		;;
+	--ree=*|--reed=*|--reedi=*|--reedit=*|--reedit-=*|--reedit-m=*|\
+	--reedit-me=*|--reedit-mes=*|--reedit-mess=*|--reedit-messa=*|\
+	--reedit-messag=*|--reedit-message=*)
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		use_commit="${1#*=}"
+		no_edit=
+		;;
+	--ree|--reed|--reedi|--reedit|--reedit-|--reedit-m|--reedit-me|\
+	--reedit-mes|--reedit-mess|--reedit-messa|--reedit-messag|\
+	--reedit-message)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		use_commit="$1"
+		no_edit=
+		;;
+	-C)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		use_commit="$1"
+		no_edit=t
+		;;
+	--reu=*|--reus=*|--reuse=*|--reuse-=*|--reuse-m=*|--reuse-me=*|\
+	--reuse-mes=*|--reuse-mess=*|--reuse-messa=*|--reuse-messag=*|\
+	--reuse-message=*)
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		use_commit="${1#*=}"
+		no_edit=t
+		;;
+	--reu|--reus|--reuse|--reuse-|--reuse-m|--reuse-me|--reuse-mes|\
+	--reuse-mess|--reuse-messa|--reuse-messag|--reuse-message)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		log_given=t$log_given
+		use_commit="$1"
+		no_edit=t
+		;;
+	-s|--s|--si|--sig|--sign|--signo|--signof|--signoff)
+		signoff=t
+		;;
+	-t|--t|--te|--tem|--temp|--templ|--templa|--templat|--template)
+		case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+		shift
+		templatefile="$1"
+		no_edit=
+		;;
+	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
+		quiet=t
+		;;
+	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
+		verbose=t
+		;;
+	-u|--u|--un|--unt|--untr|--untra|--untrac|--untrack|--untracke|\
+	--untracked|--untracked-|--untracked-f|--untracked-fi|--untracked-fil|\
+	--untracked-file|--untracked-files)
+		untracked_files=t
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+case "$edit_flag" in t) no_edit= ;; esac
+
+################################################################
+# Sanity check options
+
+case "$amend,$initial_commit" in
+t,t)
+	die "You do not have anything to amend." ;;
+t,)
+	if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+		die "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+	fi ;;
+esac
+
+case "$log_given" in
+tt*)
+	die "Only one of -c/-C/-F can be used." ;;
+*tm*|*mt*)
+	die "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F." ;;
+esac
+
+case "$#,$also,$only,$amend" in
+*,t,t,*)
+	die "Only one of --include/--only can be used." ;;
+0,t,,* | 0,,t,)
+	die "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense." ;;
+0,,t,t)
+	only_include_assumed="# Clever... amending the last one with dirty index." ;;
+0,,,*)
+	;;
+*,,,*)
+	only_include_assumed="# Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+	also=
+	;;
+esac
+unset only
+case "$all,$interactive,$also,$#" in
+*t,*t,*)
+	die "Cannot use -a, --interactive or -i at the same time." ;;
+t,,,[1-9]*)
+	die "Paths with -a does not make sense." ;;
+,t,,[1-9]*)
+	die "Paths with --interactive does not make sense." ;;
+,,t,0)
+	die "No paths with -i does not make sense." ;;
+esac
+
+if test ! -z "$templatefile" -a -z "$log_given"
+then
+	if test ! -f "$templatefile"
+	then
+		die "Commit template file does not exist."
+	fi
+fi
+
+################################################################
+# Prepare index to have a tree to be committed
+
+case "$all,$also" in
+t,)
+	if test ! -f "$THIS_INDEX"
+	then
+		die 'nothing to commit (use "git add file1 file2" to include for commit)'
+	fi
+	save_index &&
+	(
+		cd_to_toplevel &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$NEXT_INDEX" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git diff-files --name-only -z |
+		git update-index --remove -z --stdin
+	) || exit
+	;;
+,t)
+	save_index &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch -- "$@" >/dev/null || exit
+
+	git diff-files --name-only -z -- "$@"  |
+	(
+		cd_to_toplevel &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$NEXT_INDEX" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git update-index --remove -z --stdin
+	) || exit
+	;;
+,)
+	if test "$interactive" = t; then
+		git add --interactive || exit
+	fi
+	case "$#" in
+	0)
+		;; # commit as-is
+	*)
+		if test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"
+		then
+			refuse_partial "Cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+		fi
+
+		TMP_INDEX="$GIT_DIR/tmp-index$$"
+		W=
+		test -z "$initial_commit" && W=--with-tree=HEAD
+		commit_only=`git ls-files --error-unmatch $W -- "$@"` || exit
+
+		# Build a temporary index and update the real index
+		# the same way.
+		if test -z "$initial_commit"
+		then
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE="$THIS_INDEX" \
+			git read-tree --index-output="$TMP_INDEX" -i -m HEAD
+		else
+			rm -f "$TMP_INDEX"
+		fi || exit
+
+		printf '%s\n' "$commit_only" |
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP_INDEX" \
+		git update-index --add --remove --stdin &&
+
+		save_index &&
+		printf '%s\n' "$commit_only" |
+		(
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE="$NEXT_INDEX"
+			export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+			git update-index --add --remove --stdin
+		) || exit
+		;;
+	esac
+	;;
+esac
+
+################################################################
+# If we do as-is commit, the index file will be THIS_INDEX,
+# otherwise NEXT_INDEX after we make this commit.  We leave
+# the index as is if we abort.
+
+if test -f "$NEXT_INDEX"
+then
+	USE_INDEX="$NEXT_INDEX"
+else
+	USE_INDEX="$THIS_INDEX"
+fi
+
+case "$status_only" in
+t)
+	# This will silently fail in a read-only repository, which is
+	# what we want.
+	GIT_INDEX_FILE="$USE_INDEX" git update-index -q --unmerged --refresh
+	run_status
+	exit $?
+	;;
+'')
+	GIT_INDEX_FILE="$USE_INDEX" git update-index -q --refresh || exit
+	;;
+esac
+
+################################################################
+# Grab commit message, write out tree and make commit.
+
+if test t = "$verify" && test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/pre-commit
+then
+    GIT_INDEX_FILE="${TMP_INDEX:-${USE_INDEX}}" "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/pre-commit \
+    || exit
+fi
+
+if test "$log_message" != ''
+then
+	printf '%s\n' "$log_message"
+elif test "$logfile" != ""
+then
+	if test "$logfile" = -
+	then
+		test -t 0 &&
+		echo >&2 "(reading log message from standard input)"
+		cat
+	else
+		cat <"$logfile"
+	fi
+elif test "$use_commit" != ""
+then
+	encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
+	git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$use_commit" |
+	sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e 's/^    //'
+elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+then
+	cat "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
+then
+	cat "$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
+elif test "$templatefile" != ""
+then
+	cat "$templatefile"
+fi | git stripspace >"$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+
+case "$signoff" in
+t)
+	sign=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e '
+		s/>.*/>/
+		s/^/Signed-off-by: /
+		')
+	blank_before_signoff=
+	tail -n 1 "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG |
+	grep 'Signed-off-by:' >/dev/null || blank_before_signoff='
+'
+	tail -n 1 "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG |
+	grep "$sign"$ >/dev/null ||
+	printf '%s%s\n' "$blank_before_signoff" "$sign" \
+		>>"$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	;;
+esac
+
+if test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && test -z "$no_edit"; then
+	echo "#"
+	echo "# It looks like you may be committing a MERGE."
+	echo "# If this is not correct, please remove the file"
+	printf '%s\n' "#	$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"
+	echo "# and try again"
+	echo "#"
+fi >>"$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+
+# Author
+if test '' != "$use_commit"
+then
+	eval "$(get_author_ident_from_commit "$use_commit")"
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+fi
+if test '' != "$force_author"
+then
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=`expr "z$force_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*'` &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=`expr "z$force_author" : '.*\(<.*\)'` &&
+	test '' != "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" &&
+	test '' != "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" ||
+	die "malformed --author parameter"
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+fi
+
+PARENTS="-p HEAD"
+if test -z "$initial_commit"
+then
+	rloga='commit'
+	if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+		rloga='commit (merge)'
+		PARENTS="-p HEAD "`sed -e 's/^/-p /' "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"`
+	elif test -n "$amend"; then
+		rloga='commit (amend)'
+		PARENTS=$(git cat-file commit HEAD |
+			sed -n -e '/^$/q' -e 's/^parent /-p /p')
+	fi
+	current="$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)"
+else
+	if [ -z "$(git ls-files)" ]; then
+		echo >&2 'nothing to commit (use "git add file1 file2" to include for commit)'
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	PARENTS=""
+	rloga='commit (initial)'
+	current=''
+fi
+set_reflog_action "$rloga"
+
+if test -z "$no_edit"
+then
+	{
+		echo ""
+		echo "# Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+		echo "# (Comment lines starting with '#' will not be included)"
+		test -z "$only_include_assumed" || echo "$only_include_assumed"
+		run_status
+	} >>"$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+else
+	# we need to check if there is anything to commit
+	run_status >/dev/null
+fi
+case "$allow_empty,$?,$PARENTS" in
+t,* | ?,0,* | ?,*,-p' '?*-p' '?*)
+	# an explicit --allow-empty, or a merge commit can record the
+	# same tree as its parent.  Otherwise having commitable paths
+	# is required.
+	;;
+*)
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" "$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
+	use_status_color=t
+	run_status
+	exit 1
+esac
+
+case "$no_edit" in
+'')
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT > /dev/null  || die
+	git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT > /dev/null  || die
+	git_editor "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG"
+	;;
+esac
+
+case "$verify" in
+t)
+	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/commit-msg
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/commit-msg "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG || exit
+	fi
+esac
+
+if test -z "$no_edit"
+then
+    sed -e '
+        /^diff --git a\/.*/{
+	    s///
+	    q
+	}
+	/^#/d
+    ' "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+else
+    cat "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+fi |
+git stripspace >"$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_MSG
+
+# Test whether the commit message has any content we didn't supply.
+have_commitmsg=
+grep -v -i '^Signed-off-by' "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_MSG |
+	git stripspace > "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_BAREMSG
+
+# Is the commit message totally empty?
+if test -s "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_BAREMSG
+then
+	if test "$templatefile" != ""
+	then
+		# Test whether this is just the unaltered template.
+		if cnt=`sed -e '/^#/d' < "$templatefile" |
+			git stripspace |
+			diff "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_BAREMSG - |
+			wc -l` &&
+		   test 0 -lt $cnt
+		then
+			have_commitmsg=t
+		fi
+	else
+		# No template, so the content in the commit message must
+		# have come from the user.
+		have_commitmsg=t
+	fi
+fi
+
+rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_BAREMSG
+
+if test "$have_commitmsg" = "t"
+then
+	if test -z "$TMP_INDEX"
+	then
+		tree=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE="$USE_INDEX" git write-tree)
+	else
+		tree=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP_INDEX" git write-tree) &&
+		rm -f "$TMP_INDEX"
+	fi &&
+	commit=$(git commit-tree $tree $PARENTS <"$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_MSG") &&
+	rlogm=$(sed -e 1q "$GIT_DIR"/COMMIT_MSG) &&
+	git update-ref -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $rlogm" HEAD $commit "$current" &&
+	rm -f -- "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG" &&
+	if test -f "$NEXT_INDEX"
+	then
+		mv "$NEXT_INDEX" "$THIS_INDEX"
+	else
+		: ;# happy
+	fi
+else
+	echo >&2 "* no commit message?  aborting commit."
+	false
+fi
+ret="$?"
+rm -f "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_MSG" "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" "$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
+
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+git rerere
+
+if test "$ret" = 0
+then
+	git gc --auto
+	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-commit
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-commit
+	fi
+	if test -z "$quiet"
+	then
+		commit=`git diff-tree --always --shortstat --pretty="format:%h: %s"\
+		       --summary --root HEAD --`
+		echo "Created${initial_commit:+ initial} commit $commit"
+	fi
+fi
+
+exit "$ret"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh b/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e44af2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+
+USAGE='<fetch-options> <repository> <refspec>...'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+set_reflog_action "fetch $*"
+cd_to_toplevel ;# probably unnecessary...
+
+. git-parse-remote
+_x40='[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'
+_x40="$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40"
+
+LF='
+'
+IFS="$LF"
+
+no_tags=
+tags=
+append=
+force=
+verbose=
+update_head_ok=
+exec=
+keep=
+shallow_depth=
+no_progress=
+test -t 1 || no_progress=--no-progress
+quiet=
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-a|--a|--ap|--app|--appe|--appen|--append)
+		append=t
+		;;
+	--upl|--uplo|--uploa|--upload|--upload-|--upload-p|\
+	--upload-pa|--upload-pac|--upload-pack)
+		shift
+		exec="--upload-pack=$1"
+		;;
+	--upl=*|--uplo=*|--uploa=*|--upload=*|\
+	--upload-=*|--upload-p=*|--upload-pa=*|--upload-pac=*|--upload-pack=*)
+		exec=--upload-pack=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift
+		;;
+	-f|--f|--fo|--for|--forc|--force)
+		force=t
+		;;
+	-t|--t|--ta|--tag|--tags)
+		tags=t
+		;;
+	-n|--n|--no|--no-|--no-t|--no-ta|--no-tag|--no-tags)
+		no_tags=t
+		;;
+	-u|--u|--up|--upd|--upda|--updat|--update|--update-|--update-h|\
+	--update-he|--update-hea|--update-head|--update-head-|\
+	--update-head-o|--update-head-ok)
+		update_head_ok=t
+		;;
+	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
+		quiet=--quiet
+		;;
+	-v|--verbose)
+		verbose="$verbose"Yes
+		;;
+	-k|--k|--ke|--kee|--keep)
+		keep='-k -k'
+		;;
+	--depth=*)
+		shallow_depth="--depth=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`"
+		;;
+	--depth)
+		shift
+		shallow_depth="--depth=$1"
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+case "$#" in
+0)
+	origin=$(get_default_remote)
+	test -n "$(get_remote_url ${origin})" ||
+		die "Where do you want to fetch from today?"
+	set x $origin ; shift ;;
+esac
+
+if test -z "$exec"
+then
+	# No command line override and we have configuration for the remote.
+	exec="--upload-pack=$(get_uploadpack $1)"
+fi
+
+remote_nick="$1"
+remote=$(get_remote_url "$@")
+refs=
+rref=
+rsync_slurped_objects=
+
+if test "" = "$append"
+then
+	: >"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
+fi
+
+# Global that is reused later
+ls_remote_result=$(git ls-remote $exec "$remote") ||
+	die "Cannot get the repository state from $remote"
+
+append_fetch_head () {
+	flags=
+	test -n "$verbose" && flags="$flags$LF-v"
+	test -n "$force$single_force" && flags="$flags$LF-f"
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION" \
+		git fetch--tool $flags append-fetch-head "$@"
+}
+
+# updating the current HEAD with git-fetch in a bare
+# repository is always fine.
+if test -z "$update_head_ok" && test $(is_bare_repository) = false
+then
+	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+fi
+
+# Allow --notags from remote.$1.tagopt
+case "$tags$no_tags" in
+'')
+	case "$(git config --get "remote.$1.tagopt")" in
+	--no-tags)
+		no_tags=t ;;
+	esac
+esac
+
+# If --tags (and later --heads or --all) is specified, then we are
+# not talking about defaults stored in Pull: line of remotes or
+# branches file, and just fetch those and refspecs explicitly given.
+# Otherwise we do what we always did.
+
+reflist=$(get_remote_refs_for_fetch "$@")
+if test "$tags"
+then
+	taglist=`IFS='	' &&
+		  echo "$ls_remote_result" |
+		  git show-ref --exclude-existing=refs/tags/ |
+	          while read sha1 name
+		  do
+			echo ".${name}:${name}"
+		  done` || exit
+	if test "$#" -gt 1
+	then
+		# remote URL plus explicit refspecs; we need to merge them.
+		reflist="$reflist$LF$taglist"
+	else
+		# No explicit refspecs; fetch tags only.
+		reflist=$taglist
+	fi
+fi
+
+fetch_all_at_once () {
+
+  eval=$(echo "$1" | git fetch--tool parse-reflist "-")
+  eval "$eval"
+
+    ( : subshell because we muck with IFS
+      IFS=" 	$LF"
+      (
+	if test "$remote" = . ; then
+	    git show-ref $rref || echo failed "$remote"
+	elif test -f "$remote" ; then
+	    test -n "$shallow_depth" &&
+		die "shallow clone with bundle is not supported"
+	    git bundle unbundle "$remote" $rref ||
+	    echo failed "$remote"
+	else
+		if	test -d "$remote" &&
+
+			# The remote might be our alternate.  With
+			# this optimization we will bypass fetch-pack
+			# altogether, which means we cannot be doing
+			# the shallow stuff at all.
+			test ! -f "$GIT_DIR/shallow" &&
+			test -z "$shallow_depth" &&
+
+			# See if all of what we are going to fetch are
+			# connected to our repository's tips, in which
+			# case we do not have to do any fetch.
+			theirs=$(echo "$ls_remote_result" | \
+				git fetch--tool -s pick-rref "$rref" "-") &&
+
+			# This will barf when $theirs reach an object that
+			# we do not have in our repository.  Otherwise,
+			# we already have everything the fetch would bring in.
+			git rev-list --objects $theirs --not --all \
+				>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+		then
+			echo "$ls_remote_result" | \
+				git fetch--tool pick-rref "$rref" "-"
+		else
+			flags=
+			case $verbose in
+			YesYes*)
+			    flags="-v"
+			    ;;
+			esac
+			git-fetch-pack --thin $exec $keep $shallow_depth \
+				$quiet $no_progress $flags "$remote" $rref ||
+			echo failed "$remote"
+		fi
+	fi
+      ) |
+      (
+	flags=
+	test -n "$verbose" && flags="$flags -v"
+	test -n "$force" && flags="$flags -f"
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION" \
+		git fetch--tool $flags native-store \
+			"$remote" "$remote_nick" "$refs"
+      )
+    ) || exit
+
+}
+
+fetch_per_ref () {
+  reflist="$1"
+  refs=
+  rref=
+
+  for ref in $reflist
+  do
+      refs="$refs$LF$ref"
+
+      # These are relative path from $GIT_DIR, typically starting at refs/
+      # but may be HEAD
+      if expr "z$ref" : 'z\.' >/dev/null
+      then
+	  not_for_merge=t
+	  ref=$(expr "z$ref" : 'z\.\(.*\)')
+      else
+	  not_for_merge=
+      fi
+      if expr "z$ref" : 'z+' >/dev/null
+      then
+	  single_force=t
+	  ref=$(expr "z$ref" : 'z+\(.*\)')
+      else
+	  single_force=
+      fi
+      remote_name=$(expr "z$ref" : 'z\([^:]*\):')
+      local_name=$(expr "z$ref" : 'z[^:]*:\(.*\)')
+
+      rref="$rref$LF$remote_name"
+
+      # There are transports that can fetch only one head at a time...
+      case "$remote" in
+      http://* | https://* | ftp://*)
+	  test -n "$shallow_depth" &&
+		die "shallow clone with http not supported"
+	  proto=`expr "$remote" : '\([^:]*\):'`
+	  if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" ]; then
+	      curl_extra_args="-k"
+	  fi
+	  if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
+		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+	      noepsv_opt="--disable-epsv"
+	  fi
+
+	  # Find $remote_name from ls-remote output.
+	  head=$(echo "$ls_remote_result" | \
+		git fetch--tool -s pick-rref "$remote_name" "-")
+	  expr "z$head" : "z$_x40\$" >/dev/null ||
+		die "No such ref $remote_name at $remote"
+	  echo >&2 "Fetching $remote_name from $remote using $proto"
+	  case "$quiet" in '') v=-v ;; *) v= ;; esac
+	  git-http-fetch $v -a "$head" "$remote" || exit
+	  ;;
+      rsync://*)
+	  test -n "$shallow_depth" &&
+		die "shallow clone with rsync not supported"
+	  TMP_HEAD="$GIT_DIR/TMP_HEAD"
+	  rsync -L -q "$remote/$remote_name" "$TMP_HEAD" || exit 1
+	  head=$(git rev-parse --verify TMP_HEAD)
+	  rm -f "$TMP_HEAD"
+	  case "$quiet" in '') v=-v ;; *) v= ;; esac
+	  test "$rsync_slurped_objects" || {
+	      rsync -a $v --ignore-existing --exclude info \
+		  "$remote/objects/" "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/" || exit
+
+	      # Look at objects/info/alternates for rsync -- http will
+	      # support it natively and git native ones will do it on
+	      # the remote end.  Not having that file is not a crime.
+	      rsync -q "$remote/objects/info/alternates" \
+		  "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT" 2>/dev/null ||
+		  rm -f "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT"
+	      if test -f "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT"
+	      then
+		  resolve_alternates "$remote" <"$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT" |
+		  while read alt
+		  do
+		      case "$alt" in 'bad alternate: '*) die "$alt";; esac
+		      echo >&2 "Getting alternate: $alt"
+		      rsync -av --ignore-existing --exclude info \
+		      "$alt" "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/" || exit
+		  done
+		  rm -f "$GIT_DIR/TMP_ALT"
+	      fi
+	      rsync_slurped_objects=t
+	  }
+	  ;;
+      esac
+
+      append_fetch_head "$head" "$remote" \
+	  "$remote_name" "$remote_nick" "$local_name" "$not_for_merge" || exit
+
+  done
+
+}
+
+fetch_main () {
+	case "$remote" in
+	http://* | https://* | ftp://* | rsync://* )
+		fetch_per_ref "$@"
+		;;
+	*)
+		fetch_all_at_once "$@"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+fetch_main "$reflist" || exit
+
+# automated tag following
+case "$no_tags$tags" in
+'')
+	case "$reflist" in
+	*:refs/*)
+		# effective only when we are following remote branch
+		# using local tracking branch.
+		taglist=$(IFS='	' &&
+		echo "$ls_remote_result" |
+		git show-ref --exclude-existing=refs/tags/ |
+		while read sha1 name
+		do
+			git cat-file -t "$sha1" >/dev/null 2>&1 || continue
+			echo >&2 "Auto-following $name"
+			echo ".${name}:${name}"
+		done)
+	esac
+	case "$taglist" in
+	'') ;;
+	?*)
+		# do not deepen a shallow tree when following tags
+		shallow_depth=
+		fetch_main "$taglist" || exit ;;
+	esac
+esac
+
+# If the original head was empty (i.e. no "master" yet), or
+# if we were told not to worry, we do not have to check.
+case "$orig_head" in
+'')
+	;;
+?*)
+	curr_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+	if test "$curr_head" != "$orig_head"
+	then
+	    git update-ref \
+			-m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: Undoing incorrectly fetched HEAD." \
+			HEAD "$orig_head"
+		die "Cannot fetch into the current branch."
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-gc.sh b/contrib/examples/git-gc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1597e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-gc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, Shawn O. Pearce
+#
+# Cleanup unreachable files and optimize the repository.
+
+USAGE='[--prune]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+
+no_prune=:
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--prune)
+		no_prune=
+		;;
+	--)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+case "$(git config --get gc.packrefs)" in
+notbare|"")
+	test $(is_bare_repository) = true || pack_refs=true;;
+*)
+	pack_refs=$(git config --bool --get gc.packrefs)
+esac
+
+test "true" != "$pack_refs" ||
+git pack-refs --prune &&
+git reflog expire --all &&
+git-repack -a -d -l &&
+$no_prune git prune &&
+git rerere gc || exit
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh b/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fec70bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+
+usage () {
+    echo >&2 "usage: $0 [--heads] [--tags] [-u|--upload-pack <upload-pack>]"
+    echo >&2 "          <repository> <refs>..."
+    exit 1;
+}
+
+die () {
+    echo >&2 "$*"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+exec=
+while test $# != 0
+do
+  case "$1" in
+  -h|--h|--he|--hea|--head|--heads)
+  heads=heads; shift ;;
+  -t|--t|--ta|--tag|--tags)
+  tags=tags; shift ;;
+  -u|--u|--up|--upl|--uploa|--upload|--upload-|--upload-p|--upload-pa|\
+  --upload-pac|--upload-pack)
+	shift
+	exec="--upload-pack=$1"
+	shift;;
+  -u=*|--u=*|--up=*|--upl=*|--uplo=*|--uploa=*|--upload=*|\
+  --upload-=*|--upload-p=*|--upload-pa=*|--upload-pac=*|--upload-pack=*)
+	exec=--upload-pack=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+	shift;;
+  --)
+  shift; break ;;
+  -*)
+  usage ;;
+  *)
+  break ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+case "$#" in 0) usage ;; esac
+
+case ",$heads,$tags," in
+,,,) heads=heads tags=tags other=other ;;
+esac
+
+. git-parse-remote
+peek_repo="$(get_remote_url "$@")"
+shift
+
+tmp=.ls-remote-$$
+trap "rm -fr $tmp-*" 0 1 2 3 15
+tmpdir=$tmp-d
+
+case "$peek_repo" in
+http://* | https://* | ftp://* )
+	if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" -o \
+		"`git config --bool http.sslVerify`" = false ]; then
+		curl_extra_args="-k"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
+		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		curl_extra_args="${curl_extra_args} --disable-epsv"
+	fi
+	curl -nsf $curl_extra_args --header "Pragma: no-cache" "$peek_repo/info/refs" ||
+		echo "failed	slurping"
+	;;
+
+rsync://* )
+	mkdir $tmpdir &&
+	rsync -rlq "$peek_repo/HEAD" $tmpdir &&
+	rsync -rq "$peek_repo/refs" $tmpdir || {
+		echo "failed	slurping"
+		exit
+	}
+	head=$(cat "$tmpdir/HEAD") &&
+	case "$head" in
+	ref:' '*)
+		head=$(expr "z$head" : 'zref: \(.*\)') &&
+		head=$(cat "$tmpdir/$head") || exit
+	esac &&
+	echo "$head	HEAD"
+	(cd $tmpdir && find refs -type f) |
+	while read path
+	do
+		tr -d '\012' <"$tmpdir/$path"
+		echo "	$path"
+	done &&
+	rm -fr $tmpdir
+	;;
+
+* )
+	if test -f "$peek_repo" ; then
+		git bundle list-heads "$peek_repo" ||
+		echo "failed	slurping"
+	else
+		git-peek-remote $exec "$peek_repo" ||
+		echo "failed	slurping"
+	fi
+	;;
+esac |
+sort -t '	' -k 2 |
+while read sha1 path
+do
+	case "$sha1" in
+	failed)
+		exit 1 ;;
+	esac
+	case "$path" in
+	refs/heads/*)
+		group=heads ;;
+	refs/tags/*)
+		group=tags ;;
+	*)
+		group=other ;;
+	esac
+	case ",$heads,$tags,$other," in
+	*,$group,*)
+		;;
+	*)
+		continue;;
+	esac
+	case "$#" in
+	0)
+		match=yes ;;
+	*)
+		match=no
+		for pat
+		do
+			case "/$path" in
+			*/$pat )
+				match=yes
+				break ;;
+			esac
+		done
+	esac
+	case "$match" in
+	no)
+		continue ;;
+	esac
+	echo "$sha1	$path"
+done
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge-ours.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge-ours.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..29dba4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge-ours.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# Pretend we resolved the heads, but declare our tree trumps everybody else.
+#
+
+# We need to exit with 2 if the index does not match our HEAD tree,
+# because the current index is what we will be committing as the
+# merge result.
+
+git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- || exit 2
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8f617fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git merge [options] <remote>...
+git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <remote>
+--
+stat                 show a diffstat at the end of the merge
+n                    don't show a diffstat at the end of the merge
+summary              (synonym to --stat)
+log                  add list of one-line log to merge commit message
+squash               create a single commit instead of doing a merge
+commit               perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)
+ff                   allow fast-forward (default)
+s,strategy=          merge strategy to use
+m,message=           message to be used for the merge commit (if any)
+"
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" ||
+	die "You are in the middle of a conflicted merge."
+
+LF='
+'
+
+all_strategies='recur recursive octopus resolve stupid ours subtree'
+all_strategies="$all_strategies recursive-ours recursive-theirs"
+default_twohead_strategies='recursive'
+default_octopus_strategies='octopus'
+no_fast_forward_strategies='subtree ours'
+no_trivial_strategies='recursive recur subtree ours recursive-ours recursive-theirs'
+use_strategies=
+
+allow_fast_forward=t
+allow_trivial_merge=t
+squash= no_commit= log_arg=
+
+dropsave() {
+	rm -f -- "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG" \
+		 "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_STASH" || exit 1
+}
+
+savestate() {
+	# Stash away any local modifications.
+	git stash create >"$GIT_DIR/MERGE_STASH"
+}
+
+restorestate() {
+        if test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_STASH"
+	then
+		git reset --hard $head >/dev/null
+		git stash apply $(cat "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_STASH")
+		git update-index --refresh >/dev/null
+	fi
+}
+
+finish_up_to_date () {
+	case "$squash" in
+	t)
+		echo "$1 (nothing to squash)" ;;
+	'')
+		echo "$1" ;;
+	esac
+	dropsave
+}
+
+squash_message () {
+	echo Squashed commit of the following:
+	echo
+	git log --no-merges --pretty=medium ^"$head" $remoteheads
+}
+
+finish () {
+	if test '' = "$2"
+	then
+		rlogm="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
+	else
+		echo "$2"
+		rlogm="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $2"
+	fi
+	case "$squash" in
+	t)
+		echo "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD"
+		squash_message >"$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
+		;;
+	'')
+		case "$merge_msg" in
+		'')
+			echo "No merge message -- not updating HEAD"
+			;;
+		*)
+			git update-ref -m "$rlogm" HEAD "$1" "$head" || exit 1
+			git gc --auto
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+	case "$1" in
+	'')
+		;;
+	?*)
+		if test "$show_diffstat" = t
+		then
+			# We want color (if set), but no pager
+			GIT_PAGER='' git diff --stat --summary -M "$head" "$1"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# Run a post-merge hook
+        if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-merge
+        then
+	    case "$squash" in
+	    t)
+                "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-merge 1
+		;;
+	    '')
+                "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-merge 0
+		;;
+	    esac
+        fi
+}
+
+merge_name () {
+	remote="$1"
+	rh=$(git rev-parse --verify "$remote^0" 2>/dev/null) || return
+	bh=$(git show-ref -s --verify "refs/heads/$remote" 2>/dev/null)
+	if test "$rh" = "$bh"
+	then
+		echo "$rh		branch '$remote' of ."
+	elif truname=$(expr "$remote" : '\(.*\)~[1-9][0-9]*$') &&
+		git show-ref -q --verify "refs/heads/$truname" 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo "$rh		branch '$truname' (early part) of ."
+	elif test "$remote" = "FETCH_HEAD" -a -r "$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
+	then
+		sed -e 's/	not-for-merge	/		/' -e 1q \
+			"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
+	else
+		echo "$rh		commit '$remote'"
+	fi
+}
+
+parse_config () {
+	while test $# != 0; do
+		case "$1" in
+		-n|--no-stat|--no-summary)
+			show_diffstat=false ;;
+		--stat|--summary)
+			show_diffstat=t ;;
+		--log|--no-log)
+			log_arg=$1 ;;
+		--squash)
+			test "$allow_fast_forward" = t ||
+				die "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+			squash=t no_commit=t ;;
+		--no-squash)
+			squash= no_commit= ;;
+		--commit)
+			no_commit= ;;
+		--no-commit)
+			no_commit=t ;;
+		--ff)
+			allow_fast_forward=t ;;
+		--no-ff)
+			test "$squash" != t ||
+				die "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+			allow_fast_forward=f ;;
+		-s|--strategy)
+			shift
+			case " $all_strategies " in
+			*" $1 "*)
+				use_strategies="$use_strategies$1 " ;;
+			*)
+				die "available strategies are: $all_strategies" ;;
+			esac
+			;;
+		-m|--message)
+			shift
+			merge_msg="$1"
+			have_message=t
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break ;;
+		*)	usage ;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+	args_left=$#
+}
+
+test $# != 0 || usage
+
+have_message=
+
+if branch=$(git-symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+then
+	mergeopts=$(git config "branch.${branch#refs/heads/}.mergeoptions")
+	if test -n "$mergeopts"
+	then
+		parse_config $mergeopts --
+	fi
+fi
+
+parse_config "$@"
+while test $args_left -lt $#; do shift; done
+
+if test -z "$show_diffstat"; then
+    test "$(git config --bool merge.diffstat)" = false && show_diffstat=false
+    test "$(git config --bool merge.stat)" = false && show_diffstat=false
+    test -z "$show_diffstat" && show_diffstat=t
+fi
+
+# This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and the
+# way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD, but some
+# people might have misused the interface and used a committish that
+# is the same as HEAD there instead.  Traditional format never would
+# have "-m" so it is an additional safety measure to check for it.
+
+if test -z "$have_message" &&
+	second_token=$(git rev-parse --verify "$2^0" 2>/dev/null) &&
+	head_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify "HEAD" 2>/dev/null) &&
+	test "$second_token" = "$head_commit"
+then
+	merge_msg="$1"
+	shift
+	head_arg="$1"
+	shift
+elif ! git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	# If the merged head is a valid one there is no reason to
+	# forbid "git merge" into a branch yet to be born.  We do
+	# the same for "git pull".
+	if test 1 -ne $#
+	then
+		echo >&2 "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	rh=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1^0") ||
+		die "$1 - not something we can merge"
+
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD "$rh" "" &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	exit
+
+else
+	# We are invoked directly as the first-class UI.
+	head_arg=HEAD
+
+	# All the rest are the commits being merged; prepare
+	# the standard merge summary message to be appended to
+	# the given message.  If remote is invalid we will die
+	# later in the common codepath so we discard the error
+	# in this loop.
+	merge_name=$(for remote
+		do
+			merge_name "$remote"
+		done | git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg
+	)
+	merge_msg="${merge_msg:+$merge_msg$LF$LF}$merge_name"
+fi
+head=$(git rev-parse --verify "$head_arg"^0) || usage
+
+# All the rest are remote heads
+test "$#" = 0 && usage ;# we need at least one remote head.
+set_reflog_action "merge $*"
+
+remoteheads=
+for remote
+do
+	remotehead=$(git rev-parse --verify "$remote"^0 2>/dev/null) ||
+	    die "$remote - not something we can merge"
+	remoteheads="${remoteheads}$remotehead "
+	eval GITHEAD_$remotehead='"$remote"'
+	export GITHEAD_$remotehead
+done
+set x $remoteheads ; shift
+
+case "$use_strategies" in
+'')
+	case "$#" in
+	1)
+		var="`git config --get pull.twohead`"
+		if test -n "$var"
+		then
+			use_strategies="$var"
+		else
+			use_strategies="$default_twohead_strategies"
+		fi ;;
+	*)
+		var="`git config --get pull.octopus`"
+		if test -n "$var"
+		then
+			use_strategies="$var"
+		else
+			use_strategies="$default_octopus_strategies"
+		fi ;;
+	esac
+	;;
+esac
+
+for s in $use_strategies
+do
+	for ss in $no_fast_forward_strategies
+	do
+		case " $s " in
+		*" $ss "*)
+			allow_fast_forward=f
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+	for ss in $no_trivial_strategies
+	do
+		case " $s " in
+		*" $ss "*)
+			allow_trivial_merge=f
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+done
+
+case "$#" in
+1)
+	common=$(git merge-base --all $head "$@")
+	;;
+*)
+	common=$(git show-branch --merge-base $head "$@")
+	;;
+esac
+echo "$head" >"$GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD"
+
+case "$allow_fast_forward,$#,$common,$no_commit" in
+?,*,'',*)
+	# No common ancestors found. We need a real merge.
+	;;
+?,1,"$1",*)
+	# If head can reach all the merge then we are up to date.
+	# but first the most common case of merging one remote.
+	finish_up_to_date "Already up-to-date."
+	exit 0
+	;;
+t,1,"$head",*)
+	# Again the most common case of merging one remote.
+	echo "Updating $(git rev-parse --short $head)..$(git rev-parse --short $1)"
+	git update-index --refresh 2>/dev/null
+	msg="Fast-forward"
+	if test -n "$have_message"
+	then
+		msg="$msg (no commit created; -m option ignored)"
+	fi
+	new_head=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1^0") &&
+	git read-tree -v -m -u --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore $head "$new_head" &&
+	finish "$new_head" "$msg" || exit
+	dropsave
+	exit 0
+	;;
+?,1,?*"$LF"?*,*)
+	# We are not doing octopus and not fast-forward.  Need a
+	# real merge.
+	;;
+?,1,*,)
+	# We are not doing octopus, not fast-forward, and have only
+	# one common.
+	git update-index --refresh 2>/dev/null
+	case "$allow_trivial_merge" in
+	t)
+		# See if it is really trivial.
+		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >/dev/null || exit
+		echo "Trying really trivial in-index merge..."
+		if git read-tree --trivial -m -u -v $common $head "$1" &&
+		   result_tree=$(git write-tree)
+		then
+			echo "Wonderful."
+			result_commit=$(
+				printf '%s\n' "$merge_msg" |
+				git commit-tree $result_tree -p HEAD -p "$1"
+			) || exit
+			finish "$result_commit" "In-index merge"
+			dropsave
+			exit 0
+		fi
+		echo "Nope."
+	esac
+	;;
+*)
+	# An octopus.  If we can reach all the remote we are up to date.
+	up_to_date=t
+	for remote
+	do
+		common_one=$(git merge-base --all $head $remote)
+		if test "$common_one" != "$remote"
+		then
+			up_to_date=f
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+	if test "$up_to_date" = t
+	then
+		finish_up_to_date "Already up-to-date. Yeeah!"
+		exit 0
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
+
+# We are going to make a new commit.
+git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >/dev/null || exit
+
+# At this point, we need a real merge.  No matter what strategy
+# we use, it would operate on the index, possibly affecting the
+# working tree, and when resolved cleanly, have the desired tree
+# in the index -- this means that the index must be in sync with
+# the $head commit.  The strategies are responsible to ensure this.
+
+case "$use_strategies" in
+?*' '?*)
+    # Stash away the local changes so that we can try more than one.
+    savestate
+    single_strategy=no
+    ;;
+*)
+    rm -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_STASH"
+    single_strategy=yes
+    ;;
+esac
+
+result_tree= best_cnt=-1 best_strategy= wt_strategy=
+merge_was_ok=
+for strategy in $use_strategies
+do
+    test "$wt_strategy" = '' || {
+	echo "Rewinding the tree to pristine..."
+	restorestate
+    }
+    case "$single_strategy" in
+    no)
+	echo "Trying merge strategy $strategy..."
+	;;
+    esac
+
+    # Remember which strategy left the state in the working tree
+    wt_strategy=$strategy
+
+    git-merge-$strategy $common -- "$head_arg" "$@"
+    exit=$?
+    if test "$no_commit" = t && test "$exit" = 0
+    then
+        merge_was_ok=t
+	exit=1 ;# pretend it left conflicts.
+    fi
+
+    test "$exit" = 0 || {
+
+	# The backend exits with 1 when conflicts are left to be resolved,
+	# with 2 when it does not handle the given merge at all.
+
+	if test "$exit" -eq 1
+	then
+	    cnt=`{
+		git diff-files --name-only
+		git ls-files --unmerged
+	    } | wc -l`
+	    if test $best_cnt -le 0 -o $cnt -le $best_cnt
+	    then
+		best_strategy=$strategy
+		best_cnt=$cnt
+	    fi
+	fi
+	continue
+    }
+
+    # Automerge succeeded.
+    result_tree=$(git write-tree) && break
+done
+
+# If we have a resulting tree, that means the strategy module
+# auto resolved the merge cleanly.
+if test '' != "$result_tree"
+then
+    if test "$allow_fast_forward" = "t"
+    then
+        parents=$(git show-branch --independent "$head" "$@")
+    else
+        parents=$(git rev-parse "$head" "$@")
+    fi
+    parents=$(echo "$parents" | sed -e 's/^/-p /')
+    result_commit=$(printf '%s\n' "$merge_msg" | git commit-tree $result_tree $parents) || exit
+    finish "$result_commit" "Merge made by $wt_strategy."
+    dropsave
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# Pick the result from the best strategy and have the user fix it up.
+case "$best_strategy" in
+'')
+	restorestate
+	case "$use_strategies" in
+	?*' '?*)
+		echo >&2 "No merge strategy handled the merge."
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "Merge with strategy $use_strategies failed."
+		;;
+	esac
+	exit 2
+	;;
+"$wt_strategy")
+	# We already have its result in the working tree.
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Rewinding the tree to pristine..."
+	restorestate
+	echo "Using the $best_strategy to prepare resolving by hand."
+	git-merge-$best_strategy $common -- "$head_arg" "$@"
+	;;
+esac
+
+if test "$squash" = t
+then
+	finish
+else
+	for remote
+	do
+		echo $remote
+	done >"$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"
+	printf '%s\n' "$merge_msg" >"$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+fi
+
+if test "$merge_was_ok" = t
+then
+	echo >&2 \
+	"Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested"
+	exit 0
+else
+	{
+	    echo '
+Conflicts:
+'
+		git ls-files --unmerged |
+		sed -e 's/^[^	]*	/	/' |
+		uniq
+	} >>"$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+	git rerere
+	die "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result."
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b17952a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+use strict;
+use Git;
+my $git = Git->repository();
+
+sub add_remote_config {
+	my ($hash, $name, $what, $value) = @_;
+	if ($what eq 'url') {
+		# Having more than one is Ok -- it is used for push.
+		if (! exists $hash->{'URL'}) {
+			$hash->{$name}{'URL'} = $value;
+		}
+	}
+	elsif ($what eq 'fetch') {
+		$hash->{$name}{'FETCH'} ||= [];
+		push @{$hash->{$name}{'FETCH'}}, $value;
+	}
+	elsif ($what eq 'push') {
+		$hash->{$name}{'PUSH'} ||= [];
+		push @{$hash->{$name}{'PUSH'}}, $value;
+	}
+	if (!exists $hash->{$name}{'SOURCE'}) {
+		$hash->{$name}{'SOURCE'} = 'config';
+	}
+}
+
+sub add_remote_remotes {
+	my ($hash, $file, $name) = @_;
+
+	if (exists $hash->{$name}) {
+		$hash->{$name}{'WARNING'} = 'ignored due to config';
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my $fh;
+	if (!open($fh, '<', $file)) {
+		print STDERR "Warning: cannot open $file\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	my $it = { 'SOURCE' => 'remotes' };
+	$hash->{$name} = $it;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		if (/^URL:\s*(.*)$/) {
+			# Having more than one is Ok -- it is used for push.
+			if (! exists $it->{'URL'}) {
+				$it->{'URL'} = $1;
+			}
+		}
+		elsif (/^Push:\s*(.*)$/) {
+			$it->{'PUSH'} ||= [];
+			push @{$it->{'PUSH'}}, $1;
+		}
+		elsif (/^Pull:\s*(.*)$/) {
+			$it->{'FETCH'} ||= [];
+			push @{$it->{'FETCH'}}, $1;
+		}
+		elsif (/^\#/) {
+			; # ignore
+		}
+		else {
+			print STDERR "Warning: funny line in $file: $_\n";
+		}
+	}
+	close($fh);
+}
+
+sub list_remote {
+	my ($git) = @_;
+	my %seen = ();
+	my @remotes = eval {
+		$git->command(qw(config --get-regexp), '^remote\.');
+	};
+	for (@remotes) {
+		if (/^remote\.(\S+?)\.([^.\s]+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+			add_remote_config(\%seen, $1, $2, $3);
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $dir = $git->repo_path() . "/remotes";
+	if (opendir(my $dh, $dir)) {
+		local $_;
+		while ($_ = readdir($dh)) {
+			chomp;
+			next if (! -f "$dir/$_" || ! -r _);
+			add_remote_remotes(\%seen, "$dir/$_", $_);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return \%seen;
+}
+
+sub add_branch_config {
+	my ($hash, $name, $what, $value) = @_;
+	if ($what eq 'remote') {
+		if (exists $hash->{$name}{'REMOTE'}) {
+			print STDERR "Warning: more than one branch.$name.remote\n";
+		}
+		$hash->{$name}{'REMOTE'} = $value;
+	}
+	elsif ($what eq 'merge') {
+		$hash->{$name}{'MERGE'} ||= [];
+		push @{$hash->{$name}{'MERGE'}}, $value;
+	}
+}
+
+sub list_branch {
+	my ($git) = @_;
+	my %seen = ();
+	my @branches = eval {
+		$git->command(qw(config --get-regexp), '^branch\.');
+	};
+	for (@branches) {
+		if (/^branch\.([^.]*)\.(\S*)\s+(.*)$/) {
+			add_branch_config(\%seen, $1, $2, $3);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return \%seen;
+}
+
+my $remote = list_remote($git);
+my $branch = list_branch($git);
+
+sub update_ls_remote {
+	my ($harder, $info) = @_;
+
+	return if (($harder == 0) ||
+		   (($harder == 1) && exists $info->{'LS_REMOTE'}));
+
+	my @ref = map { s|refs/heads/||; $_; } keys %{$git->remote_refs($info->{'URL'}, [ 'heads' ])};
+	$info->{'LS_REMOTE'} = \@ref;
+}
+
+sub list_wildcard_mapping {
+	my ($forced, $ours, $ls) = @_;
+	my %refs;
+	for (@$ls) {
+		$refs{$_} = 01; # bit #0 to say "they have"
+	}
+	for ($git->command('for-each-ref', "refs/remotes/$ours")) {
+		chomp;
+		next unless (s|^[0-9a-f]{40}\s[a-z]+\srefs/remotes/$ours/||);
+		next if ($_ eq 'HEAD');
+		$refs{$_} ||= 0;
+		$refs{$_} |= 02; # bit #1 to say "we have"
+	}
+	my (@new, @stale, @tracked);
+	for (sort keys %refs) {
+		my $have = $refs{$_};
+		if ($have == 1) {
+			push @new, $_;
+		}
+		elsif ($have == 2) {
+			push @stale, $_;
+		}
+		elsif ($have == 3) {
+			push @tracked, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	return \@new, \@stale, \@tracked;
+}
+
+sub list_mapping {
+	my ($name, $info) = @_;
+	my $fetch = $info->{'FETCH'};
+	my $ls = $info->{'LS_REMOTE'};
+	my (@new, @stale, @tracked);
+
+	for (@$fetch) {
+		next unless (/(\+)?([^:]+):(.*)/);
+		my ($forced, $theirs, $ours) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		if ($theirs eq 'refs/heads/*' &&
+		    $ours =~ /^refs\/remotes\/(.*)\/\*$/) {
+			# wildcard mapping
+			my ($w_new, $w_stale, $w_tracked)
+				= list_wildcard_mapping($forced, $1, $ls);
+			push @new, @$w_new;
+			push @stale, @$w_stale;
+			push @tracked, @$w_tracked;
+		}
+		elsif ($theirs =~ /\*/ || $ours =~ /\*/) {
+			print STDERR "Warning: unrecognized mapping in remotes.$name.fetch: $_\n";
+		}
+		elsif ($theirs =~ s|^refs/heads/||) {
+			if (!grep { $_ eq $theirs } @$ls) {
+				push @stale, $theirs;
+			}
+			elsif ($ours ne '') {
+				push @tracked, $theirs;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return \@new, \@stale, \@tracked;
+}
+
+sub show_mapping {
+	my ($name, $info) = @_;
+	my ($new, $stale, $tracked) = list_mapping($name, $info);
+	if (@$new) {
+		print "  New remote branches (next fetch will store in remotes/$name)\n";
+		print "    @$new\n";
+	}
+	if (@$stale) {
+		print "  Stale tracking branches in remotes/$name (use 'git remote prune')\n";
+		print "    @$stale\n";
+	}
+	if (@$tracked) {
+		print "  Tracked remote branches\n";
+		print "    @$tracked\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub prune_remote {
+	my ($name, $ls_remote) = @_;
+	if (!exists $remote->{$name}) {
+		print STDERR "No such remote $name\n";
+		return 1;
+	}
+	my $info = $remote->{$name};
+	update_ls_remote($ls_remote, $info);
+
+	my ($new, $stale, $tracked) = list_mapping($name, $info);
+	my $prefix = "refs/remotes/$name";
+	foreach my $to_prune (@$stale) {
+		my @v = $git->command(qw(rev-parse --verify), "$prefix/$to_prune");
+		$git->command(qw(update-ref -d), "$prefix/$to_prune", $v[0]);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub show_remote {
+	my ($name, $ls_remote) = @_;
+	if (!exists $remote->{$name}) {
+		print STDERR "No such remote $name\n";
+		return 1;
+	}
+	my $info = $remote->{$name};
+	update_ls_remote($ls_remote, $info);
+
+	print "* remote $name\n";
+	print "  URL: $info->{'URL'}\n";
+	for my $branchname (sort keys %$branch) {
+		next unless (defined $branch->{$branchname}{'REMOTE'} &&
+			     $branch->{$branchname}{'REMOTE'} eq $name);
+		my @merged = map {
+			s|^refs/heads/||;
+			$_;
+		} split(' ',"@{$branch->{$branchname}{'MERGE'}}");
+		next unless (@merged);
+		print "  Remote branch(es) merged with 'git pull' while on branch $branchname\n";
+		print "    @merged\n";
+	}
+	if ($info->{'LS_REMOTE'}) {
+		show_mapping($name, $info);
+	}
+	if ($info->{'PUSH'}) {
+		my @pushed = map {
+			s|^refs/heads/||;
+			s|^\+refs/heads/|+|;
+			s|:refs/heads/|:|;
+			$_;
+		} @{$info->{'PUSH'}};
+		print "  Local branch(es) pushed with 'git push'\n";
+		print "    @pushed\n";
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub add_remote {
+	my ($name, $url, $opts) = @_;
+	if (exists $remote->{$name}) {
+		print STDERR "remote $name already exists.\n";
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	$git->command('config', "remote.$name.url", $url);
+	my $track = $opts->{'track'} || ["*"];
+
+	for (@$track) {
+		$git->command('config', '--add', "remote.$name.fetch",
+				$opts->{'mirror'} ?
+				"+refs/$_:refs/$_" :
+				"+refs/heads/$_:refs/remotes/$name/$_");
+	}
+	if ($opts->{'fetch'}) {
+		$git->command('fetch', $name);
+	}
+	if (exists $opts->{'master'}) {
+		$git->command('symbolic-ref', "refs/remotes/$name/HEAD",
+			      "refs/remotes/$name/$opts->{'master'}");
+	}
+}
+
+sub update_remote {
+	my ($name) = @_;
+	my @remotes;
+
+        my $conf = $git->config("remotes." . $name);
+	if (defined($conf)) {
+		@remotes = split(' ', $conf);
+	} elsif ($name eq 'default') {
+		@remotes = ();
+		for (sort keys %$remote) {
+			my $do_fetch = $git->config_bool("remote." . $_ .
+						    ".skipDefaultUpdate");
+			unless ($do_fetch) {
+				push @remotes, $_;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Remote group $name does not exist.\n";
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	for (@remotes) {
+		print "Updating $_\n";
+		$git->command('fetch', "$_");
+	}
+}
+
+sub rm_remote {
+	my ($name) = @_;
+	if (!exists $remote->{$name}) {
+		print STDERR "No such remote $name\n";
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	$git->command('config', '--remove-section', "remote.$name");
+
+	eval {
+	    my @trackers = $git->command('config', '--get-regexp',
+			'branch.*.remote', $name);
+		for (@trackers) {
+			/^branch\.(.*)?\.remote/;
+			$git->config('--unset', "branch.$1.remote");
+			$git->config('--unset', "branch.$1.merge");
+		}
+	};
+
+	my @refs = $git->command('for-each-ref',
+		'--format=%(refname) %(objectname)', "refs/remotes/$name");
+	for (@refs) {
+		my ($ref, $object) = split;
+		$git->command(qw(update-ref -d), $ref, $object);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub add_usage {
+	print STDERR "Usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+my $VERBOSE = 0;
+@ARGV = grep {
+	if ($_ eq '-v' or $_ eq '--verbose') {
+		$VERBOSE=1;
+		0
+	} else {
+		1
+	}
+} @ARGV;
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+	for (sort keys %$remote) {
+		print "$_";
+		print "\t$remote->{$_}->{URL}" if $VERBOSE;
+		print "\n";
+	}
+}
+elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'show') {
+	my $ls_remote = 1;
+	my $i;
+	for ($i = 1; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
+		if ($ARGV[$i] eq '-n') {
+			$ls_remote = 0;
+		}
+		else {
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
+		print STDERR "Usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	my $status = 0;
+	for (; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
+		$status |= show_remote($ARGV[$i], $ls_remote);
+	}
+	exit($status);
+}
+elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'update') {
+	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
+		update_remote("default");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	for (my $i = 1; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
+		update_remote($ARGV[$i]);
+	}
+}
+elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'prune') {
+	my $ls_remote = 1;
+	my $i;
+	for ($i = 1; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
+		if ($ARGV[$i] eq '-n') {
+			$ls_remote = 0;
+		}
+		else {
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
+		print STDERR "Usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	my $status = 0;
+	for (; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
+		$status |= prune_remote($ARGV[$i], $ls_remote);
+	}
+        exit($status);
+}
+elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'add') {
+	my %opts = ();
+	while (1 < @ARGV && $ARGV[1] =~ /^-/) {
+		my $opt = $ARGV[1];
+		shift @ARGV;
+		if ($opt eq '-f' || $opt eq '--fetch') {
+			$opts{'fetch'} = 1;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($opt eq '-t' || $opt eq '--track') {
+			if (@ARGV < 1) {
+				add_usage();
+			}
+			$opts{'track'} ||= [];
+			push @{$opts{'track'}}, $ARGV[1];
+			shift @ARGV;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($opt eq '-m' || $opt eq '--master') {
+			if ((@ARGV < 1) || exists $opts{'master'}) {
+				add_usage();
+			}
+			$opts{'master'} = $ARGV[1];
+			shift @ARGV;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($opt eq '--mirror') {
+			$opts{'mirror'} = 1;
+			next;
+		}
+		add_usage();
+	}
+	if (@ARGV != 3) {
+		add_usage();
+	}
+	add_remote($ARGV[1], $ARGV[2], \%opts);
+}
+elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'rm') {
+	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
+		print STDERR "Usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	exit(rm_remote($ARGV[1]));
+}
+else {
+	print STDERR "Usage: git remote\n";
+	print STDERR "       git remote add <name> <url>\n";
+	print STDERR "       git remote rm <name>\n";
+	print STDERR "       git remote show <name>\n";
+	print STDERR "       git remote prune <name>\n";
+	print STDERR "       git remote update [group]\n";
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-rerere.perl b/contrib/examples/git-rerere.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4f69209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-rerere.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# REuse REcorded REsolve.  This tool records a conflicted automerge
+# result and its hand resolution, and helps to resolve future
+# automerge that results in the same conflict.
+#
+# To enable this feature, create a directory 'rr-cache' under your
+# .git/ directory.
+
+use Digest;
+use File::Path;
+use File::Copy;
+
+my $git_dir = $::ENV{GIT_DIR} || ".git";
+my $rr_dir = "$git_dir/rr-cache";
+my $merge_rr = "$git_dir/rr-cache/MERGE_RR";
+
+my %merge_rr = ();
+
+sub read_rr {
+	if (!-f $merge_rr) {
+		%merge_rr = ();
+		return;
+	}
+	my $in;
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	open $in, "<$merge_rr" or die "$!: $merge_rr";
+	while (<$in>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($name, $path) = /^([0-9a-f]{40})\t(.*)$/s;
+		$merge_rr{$path} = $name;
+	}
+	close $in;
+}
+
+sub write_rr {
+	my $out;
+	open $out, ">$merge_rr" or die "$!: $merge_rr";
+	for my $path (sort keys %merge_rr) {
+		my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+		print $out "$name\t$path\0";
+	}
+	close $out;
+}
+
+sub compute_conflict_name {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my @side = ();
+	my $in;
+	open $in, "<$path"  or die "$!: $path";
+
+	my $sha1 = Digest->new("SHA-1");
+	my $hunk = 0;
+	while (<$in>) {
+		if (/^<<<<<<< .*/) {
+			$hunk++;
+			@side = ([], undef);
+		}
+		elsif (/^=======$/) {
+			$side[1] = [];
+		}
+		elsif (/^>>>>>>> .*/) {
+			my ($one, $two);
+			$one = join('', @{$side[0]});
+			$two = join('', @{$side[1]});
+			if ($two le $one) {
+				($one, $two) = ($two, $one);
+			}
+			$sha1->add($one);
+			$sha1->add("\0");
+			$sha1->add($two);
+			$sha1->add("\0");
+			@side = ();
+		}
+		elsif (@side == 0) {
+			next;
+		}
+		elsif (defined $side[1]) {
+			push @{$side[1]}, $_;
+		}
+		else {
+			push @{$side[0]}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	close $in;
+	return ($sha1->hexdigest, $hunk);
+}
+
+sub record_preimage {
+	my ($path, $name) = @_;
+	my @side = ();
+	my ($in, $out);
+	open $in, "<$path"  or die "$!: $path";
+	open $out, ">$name" or die "$!: $name";
+
+	while (<$in>) {
+		if (/^<<<<<<< .*/) {
+			@side = ([], undef);
+		}
+		elsif (/^=======$/) {
+			$side[1] = [];
+		}
+		elsif (/^>>>>>>> .*/) {
+			my ($one, $two);
+			$one = join('', @{$side[0]});
+			$two = join('', @{$side[1]});
+			if ($two le $one) {
+				($one, $two) = ($two, $one);
+			}
+			print $out "<<<<<<<\n";
+			print $out $one;
+			print $out "=======\n";
+			print $out $two;
+			print $out ">>>>>>>\n";
+			@side = ();
+		}
+		elsif (@side == 0) {
+			print $out $_;
+		}
+		elsif (defined $side[1]) {
+			push @{$side[1]}, $_;
+		}
+		else {
+			push @{$side[0]}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	close $out;
+	close $in;
+}
+
+sub find_conflict {
+	my $in;
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $pid = open($in, '-|');
+	die "$!" unless defined $pid;
+	if (!$pid) {
+		exec(qw(git ls-files -z -u)) or die "$!: ls-files";
+	}
+	my %path = ();
+	my @path = ();
+	while (<$in>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($mode, $sha1, $stage, $path) =
+		    /^([0-7]+) ([0-9a-f]{40}) ([123])\t(.*)$/s;
+		$path{$path} |= (1 << $stage);
+	}
+	close $in;
+	while (my ($path, $status) = each %path) {
+		if ($status == 14) { push @path, $path; }
+	}
+	return @path;
+}
+
+sub merge {
+	my ($name, $path) = @_;
+	record_preimage($path, "$rr_dir/$name/thisimage");
+	unless (system('git', 'merge-file', map { "$rr_dir/$name/${_}image" }
+		       qw(this pre post))) {
+		my $in;
+		open $in, "<$rr_dir/$name/thisimage" or
+		    die "$!: $name/thisimage";
+		my $out;
+		open $out, ">$path" or die "$!: $path";
+		while (<$in>) { print $out $_; }
+		close $in;
+		close $out;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub garbage_collect_rerere {
+	# We should allow specifying these from the command line and
+	# that is why the caller gives @ARGV to us, but I am lazy.
+
+	my $cutoff_noresolve = 15; # two weeks
+	my $cutoff_resolve = 60; # two months
+	my @to_remove;
+	while (<$rr_dir/*/preimage>) {
+		my ($dir) = /^(.*)\/preimage$/;
+		my $cutoff = ((-f "$dir/postimage")
+			      ? $cutoff_resolve
+			      : $cutoff_noresolve);
+		my $age = -M "$_";
+		if ($cutoff <= $age) {
+			push @to_remove, $dir;
+		}
+	}
+	if (@to_remove) {
+		rmtree(\@to_remove);
+	}
+}
+
+-d "$rr_dir" || exit(0);
+
+read_rr();
+
+if (@ARGV) {
+	my $arg = shift @ARGV;
+	if ($arg eq 'clear') {
+		for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+			my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+			if (-d "$rr_dir/$name" &&
+			    ! -f "$rr_dir/$name/postimage") {
+				rmtree(["$rr_dir/$name"]);
+			}
+		}
+		unlink $merge_rr;
+	}
+	elsif ($arg eq 'status') {
+		for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+			print $path, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	elsif ($arg eq 'diff') {
+		for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+			my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+			system('diff', ((@ARGV == 0) ? ('-u') : @ARGV),
+				'-L', "a/$path", '-L', "b/$path",
+				"$rr_dir/$name/preimage", $path);
+		}
+	}
+	elsif ($arg eq 'gc') {
+		garbage_collect_rerere(@ARGV);
+	}
+	else {
+		die "$0 unknown command: $arg\n";
+	}
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my %conflict = map { $_ => 1 } find_conflict();
+
+# MERGE_RR records paths with conflicts immediately after merge
+# failed.  Some of the conflicted paths might have been hand resolved
+# in the working tree since then, but the initial run would catch all
+# and register their preimages.
+
+for my $path (keys %conflict) {
+	# This path has conflict.  If it is not recorded yet,
+	# record the pre-image.
+	if (!exists $merge_rr{$path}) {
+		my ($name, $hunk) = compute_conflict_name($path);
+		next unless ($hunk);
+		$merge_rr{$path} = $name;
+		if (! -d "$rr_dir/$name") {
+			mkpath("$rr_dir/$name", 0, 0777);
+			print STDERR "Recorded preimage for '$path'\n";
+			record_preimage($path, "$rr_dir/$name/preimage");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+# Now some of the paths that had conflicts earlier might have been
+# hand resolved.  Others may be similar to a conflict already that
+# was resolved before.
+
+for my $path (keys %merge_rr) {
+	my $name = $merge_rr{$path};
+
+	# We could resolve this automatically if we have images.
+	if (-f "$rr_dir/$name/preimage" &&
+	    -f "$rr_dir/$name/postimage") {
+		if (merge($name, $path)) {
+			print STDERR "Resolved '$path' using previous resolution.\n";
+			# Then we do not have to worry about this path
+			# anymore.
+			delete $merge_rr{$path};
+			next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# Let's see if we have resolved it.
+	(undef, my $hunk) = compute_conflict_name($path);
+	next if ($hunk);
+
+	print STDERR "Recorded resolution for '$path'.\n";
+	copy($path, "$rr_dir/$name/postimage");
+	# And we do not have to worry about this path anymore.
+	delete $merge_rr{$path};
+}
+
+# Write out the rest.
+write_rr();
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh b/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bafeb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Linus Torvalds and Junio C Hamano
+#
+USAGE='[--mixed | --soft | --hard]  [<commit-ish>] [ [--] <paths>...]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+set_reflog_action "reset $*"
+require_work_tree
+
+update= reset_type=--mixed
+unset rev
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--mixed | --soft | --hard)
+		reset_type="$1"
+		;;
+	--)
+		break
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		rev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") || exit
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+: ${rev=HEAD}
+rev=$(git rev-parse --verify $rev^0) || exit
+
+# Skip -- in "git reset HEAD -- foo" and "git reset -- foo".
+case "$1" in --) shift ;; esac
+
+# git reset --mixed tree [--] paths... can be used to
+# load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
+# affecting the working tree nor HEAD.
+if test $# != 0
+then
+	test "$reset_type" = "--mixed" ||
+		die "Cannot do partial $reset_type reset."
+
+	git diff-index --cached $rev -- "$@" |
+	sed -e 's/^:\([0-7][0-7]*\) [0-7][0-7]* \([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]*\) [0-9a-f][0-9a-f]* [A-Z]	\(.*\)$/\1 \2	\3/' |
+	git update-index --add --remove --index-info || exit
+	git update-index --refresh
+	exit
+fi
+
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+if test "$reset_type" = "--hard"
+then
+	update=-u
+fi
+
+# Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
+# at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
+# the index file to the tree object we are switching to.
+if test "$reset_type" = "--soft"
+then
+	if test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" ||
+	   test "" != "$(git ls-files --unmerged)"
+	then
+		die "Cannot do a soft reset in the middle of a merge."
+	fi
+else
+	git read-tree -v --reset $update "$rev" || exit
+fi
+
+# Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to.
+if orig=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+then
+	echo "$orig" >"$GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD"
+else
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD"
+fi
+git update-ref -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION" HEAD "$rev"
+update_ref_status=$?
+
+case "$reset_type" in
+--hard )
+	test $update_ref_status = 0 && {
+		printf "HEAD is now at "
+		GIT_PAGER= git log --max-count=1 --pretty=oneline \
+			--abbrev-commit HEAD
+	}
+	;;
+--soft )
+	;; # Nothing else to do
+--mixed )
+	# Report what has not been updated.
+	git update-index --refresh
+	;;
+esac
+
+rm -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/rr-cache/MERGE_RR" \
+	"$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG" "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+
+exit $update_ref_status
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh b/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8f98142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+#
+# Resolve two trees.
+#
+
+echo 'WARNING: This command is DEPRECATED and will be removed very soon.' >&2
+echo 'WARNING: Please use git-merge or git-pull instead.' >&2
+sleep 2
+
+USAGE='<head> <remote> <merge-message>'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+dropheads() {
+	rm -f -- "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" \
+		"$GIT_DIR/LAST_MERGE" || exit 1
+}
+
+head=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1"^0) &&
+merge=$(git rev-parse --verify "$2"^0) &&
+merge_name="$2" &&
+merge_msg="$3" || usage
+
+#
+# The remote name is just used for the message,
+# but we do want it.
+#
+if [ -z "$head" -o -z "$merge" -o -z "$merge_msg" ]; then
+	usage
+fi
+
+dropheads
+echo $head > "$GIT_DIR"/ORIG_HEAD
+echo $merge > "$GIT_DIR"/LAST_MERGE
+
+common=$(git merge-base $head $merge)
+if [ -z "$common" ]; then
+	die "Unable to find common commit between" $merge $head
+fi
+
+case "$common" in
+"$merge")
+	echo "Already up-to-date. Yeeah!"
+	dropheads
+	exit 0
+	;;
+"$head")
+	echo "Updating $(git rev-parse --short $head)..$(git rev-parse --short $merge)"
+	git read-tree -u -m $head $merge || exit 1
+	git update-ref -m "resolve $merge_name: Fast-forward" \
+		HEAD "$merge" "$head"
+	git diff-tree -p $head $merge | git apply --stat
+	dropheads
+	exit 0
+	;;
+esac
+
+# We are going to make a new commit.
+git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >/dev/null || exit
+
+# Find an optimum merge base if there are more than one candidates.
+LF='
+'
+common=$(git merge-base -a $head $merge)
+case "$common" in
+?*"$LF"?*)
+	echo "Trying to find the optimum merge base."
+	G=.tmp-index$$
+	best=
+	best_cnt=-1
+	for c in $common
+	do
+		rm -f $G
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git read-tree -m $c $head $merge \
+			2>/dev/null || continue
+		# Count the paths that are unmerged.
+		cnt=`GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l`
+		if test $best_cnt -le 0 -o $cnt -le $best_cnt
+		then
+			best=$c
+			best_cnt=$cnt
+			if test "$best_cnt" -eq 0
+			then
+				# Cannot do any better than all trivial merge.
+				break
+			fi
+		fi
+	done
+	rm -f $G
+	common="$best"
+esac
+
+echo "Trying to merge $merge into $head using $common."
+git update-index --refresh 2>/dev/null
+git read-tree -u -m $common $head $merge || exit 1
+result_tree=$(git write-tree  2> /dev/null)
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+	echo "Simple merge failed, trying Automatic merge"
+	git-merge-index -o git-merge-one-file -a
+	if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+		echo $merge > "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD
+		die "Automatic merge failed, fix up by hand"
+	fi
+	result_tree=$(git write-tree) || exit 1
+fi
+result_commit=$(echo "$merge_msg" | git commit-tree $result_tree -p $head -p $merge)
+echo "Committed merge $result_commit"
+git update-ref -m "resolve $merge_name: In-index merge" \
+	HEAD "$result_commit" "$head"
+git diff-tree -p $head $result_commit | git apply --stat
+dropheads
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh b/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..49f0032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+case "$0" in
+*-revert* )
+	test -t 0 && edit=-e
+	replay=
+	me=revert
+	USAGE='[--edit | --no-edit] [-n] <commit-ish>' ;;
+*-cherry-pick* )
+	replay=t
+	edit=
+	me=cherry-pick
+	USAGE='[--edit] [-n] [-r] [-x] <commit-ish>'  ;;
+* )
+	echo >&2 "What are you talking about?"
+	exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes ;# we will cd up
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+no_commit=
+while case "$#" in 0) break ;; esac
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-n|--n|--no|--no-|--no-c|--no-co|--no-com|--no-comm|\
+	    --no-commi|--no-commit)
+		no_commit=t
+		;;
+	-e|--e|--ed|--edi|--edit)
+		edit=-e
+		;;
+	--n|--no|--no-|--no-e|--no-ed|--no-edi|--no-edit)
+		edit=
+		;;
+	-r)
+		: no-op ;;
+	-x|--i-really-want-to-expose-my-private-commit-object-name)
+		replay=
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+set_reflog_action "$me"
+
+test "$me,$replay" = "revert,t" && usage
+
+case "$no_commit" in
+t)
+	# We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
+	# merge the differences in.
+	head=$(git-write-tree) ||
+		die "Your index file is unmerged."
+	;;
+*)
+	head=$(git-rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
+		die "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+	files=$(git-diff-index --cached --name-only $head) || exit
+	if [ "$files" ]; then
+		die "Dirty index: cannot $me (dirty: $files)"
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
+
+rev=$(git-rev-parse --verify "$@") &&
+commit=$(git-rev-parse --verify "$rev^0") ||
+	die "Not a single commit $@"
+prev=$(git-rev-parse --verify "$commit^1" 2>/dev/null) ||
+	die "Cannot run $me a root commit"
+git-rev-parse --verify "$commit^2" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	die "Cannot run $me a multi-parent commit."
+
+encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
+
+# "commit" is an existing commit.  We would want to apply
+# the difference it introduces since its first parent "prev"
+# on top of the current HEAD if we are cherry-pick.  Or the
+# reverse of it if we are revert.
+
+case "$me" in
+revert)
+	git show -s --pretty=oneline --encoding="$encoding" $commit |
+	sed -e '
+		s/^[^ ]* /Revert "/
+		s/$/"/
+	'
+	echo
+	echo "This reverts commit $commit."
+	test "$rev" = "$commit" ||
+	echo "(original 'git revert' arguments: $@)"
+	base=$commit next=$prev
+	;;
+
+cherry-pick)
+	pick_author_script='
+	/^author /{
+		s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
+		h
+		s/^author \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
+		s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='\''&'\''/p
+
+		g
+		s/^author [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
+		s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='\''&'\''/p
+
+		g
+		s/^author [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
+		s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='\''&'\''/p
+
+		q
+	}'
+
+	logmsg=`git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$commit"`
+	set_author_env=`echo "$logmsg" |
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"`
+	eval "$set_author_env"
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+
+	echo "$logmsg" |
+	sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e 's/^    //'
+	case "$replay" in
+	'')
+		echo "(cherry picked from commit $commit)"
+		test "$rev" = "$commit" ||
+		echo "(original 'git cherry-pick' arguments: $@)"
+		;;
+	esac
+	base=$prev next=$commit
+	;;
+
+esac >.msg
+
+eval GITHEAD_$head=HEAD
+eval GITHEAD_$next='`git show -s \
+	--pretty=oneline --encoding="$encoding" "$commit" |
+	sed -e "s/^[^ ]* //"`'
+export GITHEAD_$head GITHEAD_$next
+
+# This three way merge is an interesting one.  We are at
+# $head, and would want to apply the change between $commit
+# and $prev on top of us (when reverting), or the change between
+# $prev and $commit on top of us (when cherry-picking or replaying).
+
+git-merge-recursive $base -- $head $next &&
+result=$(git-write-tree 2>/dev/null) || {
+	mv -f .msg "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+	{
+	    echo '
+Conflicts:
+'
+		git ls-files --unmerged |
+		sed -e 's/^[^	]*	/	/' |
+		uniq
+	} >>"$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG"
+	echo >&2 "Automatic $me failed.  After resolving the conflicts,"
+	echo >&2 "mark the corrected paths with 'git-add <paths>'"
+	echo >&2 "and commit the result."
+	case "$me" in
+	cherry-pick)
+		echo >&2 "You may choose to use the following when making"
+		echo >&2 "the commit:"
+		echo >&2 "$set_author_env"
+	esac
+	exit 1
+}
+echo >&2 "Finished one $me."
+
+# If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
+# hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
+# author date and name.
+# If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
+# we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
+
+case "$no_commit" in
+'')
+	git-commit -n -F .msg $edit
+	rm -f .msg
+	;;
+esac
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4576c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+# This tool is copyright (c) 2005, Matthias Urlichs.
+# It is released under the Gnu Public License, version 2.
+#
+# The basic idea is to pull and analyze SVN changes.
+#
+# Checking out the files is done by a single long-running SVN connection.
+#
+# The head revision is on branch "origin" by default.
+# You can change that with the '-o' option.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Std;
+use File::Copy;
+use File::Spec;
+use File::Temp qw(tempfile);
+use File::Path qw(mkpath);
+use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
+use Time::Local;
+use IO::Pipe;
+use POSIX qw(strftime dup2);
+use IPC::Open2;
+use SVN::Core;
+use SVN::Ra;
+
+die "Need SVN:Core 1.2.1 or better" if $SVN::Core::VERSION lt "1.2.1";
+
+$SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
+$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+
+our($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_u,$opt_C,$opt_i,$opt_m,$opt_M,$opt_t,$opt_T,
+    $opt_b,$opt_r,$opt_I,$opt_A,$opt_s,$opt_l,$opt_d,$opt_D,$opt_S,$opt_F,
+    $opt_P,$opt_R);
+
+sub usage() {
+	print STDERR <<END;
+Usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
+       [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev] [-R repack_each_revs]
+       [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
+       [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
+       [-m] [-M regex] [-A author_file] [-S] [-F] [-P project_name] [SVN_URL]
+END
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+getopts("A:b:C:dDFhiI:l:mM:o:rs:t:T:SP:R:uv") or usage();
+usage if $opt_h;
+
+my $tag_name = $opt_t || "tags";
+my $trunk_name = defined $opt_T ? $opt_T : "trunk";
+my $branch_name = $opt_b || "branches";
+my $project_name = $opt_P || "";
+$project_name = "/" . $project_name if ($project_name);
+my $repack_after = $opt_R || 1000;
+my $root_pool = SVN::Pool->new_default;
+
+@ARGV == 1 or @ARGV == 2 or usage();
+
+$opt_o ||= "origin";
+$opt_s ||= 1;
+my $git_tree = $opt_C;
+$git_tree ||= ".";
+
+my $svn_url = $ARGV[0];
+my $svn_dir = $ARGV[1];
+
+our @mergerx = ();
+if ($opt_m) {
+	my $branch_esc = quotemeta ($branch_name);
+	my $trunk_esc  = quotemeta ($trunk_name);
+	@mergerx =
+	(
+		qr!\b(?:merg(?:ed?|ing))\b.*?\b((?:(?<=$branch_esc/)[\w\.\-]+)|(?:$trunk_esc))\b!i,
+		qr!\b(?:from|of)\W+((?:(?<=$branch_esc/)[\w\.\-]+)|(?:$trunk_esc))\b!i,
+		qr!\b(?:from|of)\W+(?:the )?([\w\.\-]+)[-\s]branch\b!i
+	);
+}
+if ($opt_M) {
+	unshift (@mergerx, qr/$opt_M/);
+}
+
+# Absolutize filename now, since we will have chdir'ed by the time we
+# get around to opening it.
+$opt_A = File::Spec->rel2abs($opt_A) if $opt_A;
+
+our %users = ();
+our $users_file = undef;
+sub read_users($) {
+	$users_file = File::Spec->rel2abs(@_);
+	die "Cannot open $users_file\n" unless -f $users_file;
+	open(my $authors,$users_file);
+	while(<$authors>) {
+		chomp;
+		next unless /^(\S+?)\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*$/;
+		(my $user,my $name,my $email) = ($1,$2,$3);
+		$users{$user} = [$name,$email];
+	}
+	close($authors);
+}
+
+select(STDERR); $|=1; select(STDOUT);
+
+
+package SVNconn;
+# Basic SVN connection.
+# We're only interested in connecting and downloading, so ...
+
+use File::Spec;
+use File::Temp qw(tempfile);
+use POSIX qw(strftime dup2);
+use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET);
+
+sub new {
+	my($what,$repo) = @_;
+	$what=ref($what) if ref($what);
+
+	my $self = {};
+	$self->{'buffer'} = "";
+	bless($self,$what);
+
+	$repo =~ s#/+$##;
+	$self->{'fullrep'} = $repo;
+	$self->conn();
+
+	return $self;
+}
+
+sub conn {
+	my $self = shift;
+	my $repo = $self->{'fullrep'};
+	my $auth = SVN::Core::auth_open ([SVN::Client::get_simple_provider,
+			  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider,
+			  SVN::Client::get_username_provider]);
+	my $s = SVN::Ra->new(url => $repo, auth => $auth, pool => $root_pool);
+	die "SVN connection to $repo: $!\n" unless defined $s;
+	$self->{'svn'} = $s;
+	$self->{'repo'} = $repo;
+	$self->{'maxrev'} = $s->get_latest_revnum();
+}
+
+sub file {
+	my($self,$path,$rev) = @_;
+
+	my ($fh, $name) = tempfile('gitsvn.XXXXXX',
+		    DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir(), UNLINK => 1);
+
+	print "... $rev $path ...\n" if $opt_v;
+	my (undef, $properties);
+	$path =~ s#^/*##;
+	my $subpool = SVN::Pool::new_default_sub;
+	eval { (undef, $properties)
+		   = $self->{'svn'}->get_file($path,$rev,$fh); };
+	if($@) {
+		return undef if $@ =~ /Attempted to get checksum/;
+		die $@;
+	}
+	my $mode;
+	if (exists $properties->{'svn:executable'}) {
+		$mode = '100755';
+	} elsif (exists $properties->{'svn:special'}) {
+		my ($special_content, $filesize);
+		$filesize = tell $fh;
+		seek $fh, 0, SEEK_SET;
+		read $fh, $special_content, $filesize;
+		if ($special_content =~ s/^link //) {
+			$mode = '120000';
+			seek $fh, 0, SEEK_SET;
+			truncate $fh, 0;
+			print $fh $special_content;
+		} else {
+			die "unexpected svn:special file encountered";
+		}
+	} else {
+		$mode = '100644';
+	}
+	close ($fh);
+
+	return ($name, $mode);
+}
+
+sub ignore {
+	my($self,$path,$rev) = @_;
+
+	print "... $rev $path ...\n" if $opt_v;
+	$path =~ s#^/*##;
+	my $subpool = SVN::Pool::new_default_sub;
+	my (undef,undef,$properties)
+	    = $self->{'svn'}->get_dir($path,$rev,undef);
+	if (exists $properties->{'svn:ignore'}) {
+		my ($fh, $name) = tempfile('gitsvn.XXXXXX',
+					   DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir(),
+					   UNLINK => 1);
+		print $fh $properties->{'svn:ignore'};
+		close($fh);
+		return $name;
+	} else {
+		return undef;
+	}
+}
+
+sub dir_list {
+	my($self,$path,$rev) = @_;
+	$path =~ s#^/*##;
+	my $subpool = SVN::Pool::new_default_sub;
+	my ($dirents,undef,$properties)
+	    = $self->{'svn'}->get_dir($path,$rev,undef);
+	return $dirents;
+}
+
+package main;
+use URI;
+
+our $svn = $svn_url;
+$svn .= "/$svn_dir" if defined $svn_dir;
+my $svn2 = SVNconn->new($svn);
+$svn = SVNconn->new($svn);
+
+my $lwp_ua;
+if($opt_d or $opt_D) {
+	$svn_url = URI->new($svn_url)->canonical;
+	if($opt_D) {
+		$svn_dir =~ s#/*$#/#;
+	} else {
+		$svn_dir = "";
+	}
+	if ($svn_url->scheme eq "http") {
+		use LWP::UserAgent;
+		$lwp_ua = LWP::UserAgent->new(keep_alive => 1, requests_redirectable => []);
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Warning: not HTTP; turning off direct file access\n";
+		$opt_d=0;
+	}
+}
+
+sub pdate($) {
+	my($d) = @_;
+	$d =~ m#(\d\d\d\d)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)#
+		or die "Unparseable date: $d\n";
+	my $y=$1; $y-=1900 if $y>1900;
+	return timegm($6||0,$5,$4,$3,$2-1,$y);
+}
+
+sub getwd() {
+	my $pwd = `pwd`;
+	chomp $pwd;
+	return $pwd;
+}
+
+
+sub get_headref($$) {
+    my $name    = shift;
+    my $git_dir = shift;
+    my $sha;
+
+    if (open(C,"$git_dir/refs/heads/$name")) {
+	chomp($sha = <C>);
+	close(C);
+	length($sha) == 40
+	    or die "Cannot get head id for $name ($sha): $!\n";
+    }
+    return $sha;
+}
+
+
+-d $git_tree
+	or mkdir($git_tree,0777)
+	or die "Could not create $git_tree: $!";
+chdir($git_tree);
+
+my $orig_branch = "";
+my $forward_master = 0;
+my %branches;
+
+my $git_dir = $ENV{"GIT_DIR"} || ".git";
+$git_dir = getwd()."/".$git_dir unless $git_dir =~ m#^/#;
+$ENV{"GIT_DIR"} = $git_dir;
+my $orig_git_index;
+$orig_git_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} if exists $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+my ($git_ih, $git_index) = tempfile('gitXXXXXX', SUFFIX => '.idx',
+				    DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir());
+close ($git_ih);
+$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $git_index;
+my $maxnum = 0;
+my $last_rev = "";
+my $last_branch;
+my $current_rev = $opt_s || 1;
+unless(-d $git_dir) {
+	system("git init");
+	die "Cannot init the GIT db at $git_tree: $?\n" if $?;
+	system("git read-tree");
+	die "Cannot init an empty tree: $?\n" if $?;
+
+	$last_branch = $opt_o;
+	$orig_branch = "";
+} else {
+	-f "$git_dir/refs/heads/$opt_o"
+		or die "Branch '$opt_o' does not exist.\n".
+		       "Either use the correct '-o branch' option,\n".
+		       "or import to a new repository.\n";
+
+	-f "$git_dir/svn2git"
+		or die "'$git_dir/svn2git' does not exist.\n".
+		       "You need that file for incremental imports.\n";
+	open(F, "git symbolic-ref HEAD |") or
+		die "Cannot run git-symbolic-ref: $!\n";
+	chomp ($last_branch = <F>);
+	$last_branch = basename($last_branch);
+	close(F);
+	unless($last_branch) {
+		warn "Cannot read the last branch name: $! -- assuming 'master'\n";
+		$last_branch = "master";
+	}
+	$orig_branch = $last_branch;
+	$last_rev = get_headref($orig_branch, $git_dir);
+	if (-f "$git_dir/SVN2GIT_HEAD") {
+		die <<EOM;
+SVN2GIT_HEAD exists.
+Make sure your working directory corresponds to HEAD and remove SVN2GIT_HEAD.
+You may need to run
+
+    git-read-tree -m -u SVN2GIT_HEAD HEAD
+EOM
+	}
+	system('cp', "$git_dir/HEAD", "$git_dir/SVN2GIT_HEAD");
+
+	$forward_master =
+	    $opt_o ne 'master' && -f "$git_dir/refs/heads/master" &&
+	    system('cmp', '-s', "$git_dir/refs/heads/master",
+				"$git_dir/refs/heads/$opt_o") == 0;
+
+	# populate index
+	system('git', 'read-tree', $last_rev);
+	die "read-tree failed: $?\n" if $?;
+
+	# Get the last import timestamps
+	open my $B,"<", "$git_dir/svn2git";
+	while(<$B>) {
+		chomp;
+		my($num,$branch,$ref) = split;
+		$branches{$branch}{$num} = $ref;
+		$branches{$branch}{"LAST"} = $ref;
+		$current_rev = $num+1 if $current_rev <= $num;
+	}
+	close($B);
+}
+-d $git_dir
+	or die "Could not create git subdir ($git_dir).\n";
+
+my $default_authors = "$git_dir/svn-authors";
+if ($opt_A) {
+	read_users($opt_A);
+	copy($opt_A,$default_authors) or die "Copy failed: $!";
+} else {
+	read_users($default_authors) if -f $default_authors;
+}
+
+open BRANCHES,">>", "$git_dir/svn2git";
+
+sub node_kind($$) {
+	my ($svnpath, $revision) = @_;
+	$svnpath =~ s#^/*##;
+	my $subpool = SVN::Pool::new_default_sub;
+	my $kind = $svn->{'svn'}->check_path($svnpath,$revision);
+	return $kind;
+}
+
+sub get_file($$$) {
+	my($svnpath,$rev,$path) = @_;
+
+	# now get it
+	my ($name,$mode);
+	if($opt_d) {
+		my($req,$res);
+
+		# /svn/!svn/bc/2/django/trunk/django-docs/build.py
+		my $url=$svn_url->clone();
+		$url->path($url->path."/!svn/bc/$rev/$svn_dir$svnpath");
+		print "... $path...\n" if $opt_v;
+		$req = HTTP::Request->new(GET => $url);
+		$res = $lwp_ua->request($req);
+		if ($res->is_success) {
+			my $fh;
+			($fh, $name) = tempfile('gitsvn.XXXXXX',
+			DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir(), UNLINK => 1);
+			print $fh $res->content;
+			close($fh) or die "Could not write $name: $!\n";
+		} else {
+			return undef if $res->code == 301; # directory?
+			die $res->status_line." at $url\n";
+		}
+		$mode = '0644'; # can't obtain mode via direct http request?
+	} else {
+		($name,$mode) = $svn->file("$svnpath",$rev);
+		return undef unless defined $name;
+	}
+
+	my $pid = open(my $F, '-|');
+	die $! unless defined $pid;
+	if (!$pid) {
+	    exec("git", "hash-object", "-w", $name)
+		or die "Cannot create object: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $sha = <$F>;
+	chomp $sha;
+	close $F;
+	unlink $name;
+	return [$mode, $sha, $path];
+}
+
+sub get_ignore($$$$$) {
+	my($new,$old,$rev,$path,$svnpath) = @_;
+
+	return unless $opt_I;
+	my $name = $svn->ignore("$svnpath",$rev);
+	if ($path eq '/') {
+		$path = $opt_I;
+	} else {
+		$path = File::Spec->catfile($path,$opt_I);
+	}
+	if (defined $name) {
+		my $pid = open(my $F, '-|');
+		die $! unless defined $pid;
+		if (!$pid) {
+			exec("git", "hash-object", "-w", $name)
+			    or die "Cannot create object: $!\n";
+		}
+		my $sha = <$F>;
+		chomp $sha;
+		close $F;
+		unlink $name;
+		push(@$new,['0644',$sha,$path]);
+	} elsif (defined $old) {
+		push(@$old,$path);
+	}
+}
+
+sub project_path($$)
+{
+	my ($path, $project) = @_;
+
+	$path = "/".$path unless ($path =~ m#^\/#) ;
+	return $1 if ($path =~ m#^$project\/(.*)$#);
+
+	$path =~ s#\.#\\\.#g;
+	$path =~ s#\+#\\\+#g;
+	return "/" if ($project =~ m#^$path.*$#);
+
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub split_path($$) {
+	my($rev,$path) = @_;
+	my $branch;
+
+	if($path =~ s#^/\Q$tag_name\E/([^/]+)/?##) {
+		$branch = "/$1";
+	} elsif($path =~ s#^/\Q$trunk_name\E/?##) {
+		$branch = "/";
+	} elsif($path =~ s#^/\Q$branch_name\E/([^/]+)/?##) {
+		$branch = $1;
+	} else {
+		my %no_error = (
+			"/" => 1,
+			"/$tag_name" => 1,
+			"/$branch_name" => 1
+		);
+		print STDERR "$rev: Unrecognized path: $path\n" unless (defined $no_error{$path});
+		return ()
+	}
+	if ($path eq "") {
+		$path = "/";
+	} elsif ($project_name) {
+		$path = project_path($path, $project_name);
+	}
+	return ($branch,$path);
+}
+
+sub branch_rev($$) {
+
+	my ($srcbranch,$uptorev) = @_;
+
+	my $bbranches = $branches{$srcbranch};
+	my @revs = reverse sort { ($a eq 'LAST' ? 0 : $a) <=> ($b eq 'LAST' ? 0 : $b) } keys %$bbranches;
+	my $therev;
+	foreach my $arev(@revs) {
+		next if  ($arev eq 'LAST');
+		if ($arev <= $uptorev) {
+			$therev = $arev;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	return $therev;
+}
+
+sub expand_svndir($$$);
+
+sub expand_svndir($$$)
+{
+	my ($svnpath, $rev, $path) = @_;
+	my @list;
+	get_ignore(\@list, undef, $rev, $path, $svnpath);
+	my $dirents = $svn->dir_list($svnpath, $rev);
+	foreach my $p(keys %$dirents) {
+		my $kind = node_kind($svnpath.'/'.$p, $rev);
+		if ($kind eq $SVN::Node::file) {
+			my $f = get_file($svnpath.'/'.$p, $rev, $path.'/'.$p);
+			push(@list, $f) if $f;
+		} elsif ($kind eq $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			push(@list,
+			     expand_svndir($svnpath.'/'.$p, $rev, $path.'/'.$p));
+		}
+	}
+	return @list;
+}
+
+sub copy_path($$$$$$$$) {
+	# Somebody copied a whole subdirectory.
+	# We need to find the index entries from the old version which the
+	# SVN log entry points to, and add them to the new place.
+
+	my($newrev,$newbranch,$path,$oldpath,$rev,$node_kind,$new,$parents) = @_;
+
+	my($srcbranch,$srcpath) = split_path($rev,$oldpath);
+	unless(defined $srcbranch && defined $srcpath) {
+		print "Path not found when copying from $oldpath @ $rev.\n".
+			"Will try to copy from original SVN location...\n"
+			if $opt_v;
+		push (@$new, expand_svndir($oldpath, $rev, $path));
+		return;
+	}
+	my $therev = branch_rev($srcbranch, $rev);
+	my $gitrev = $branches{$srcbranch}{$therev};
+	unless($gitrev) {
+		print STDERR "$newrev:$newbranch: could not find $oldpath \@ $rev\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	if ($srcbranch ne $newbranch) {
+		push(@$parents, $branches{$srcbranch}{'LAST'});
+	}
+	print "$newrev:$newbranch:$path: copying from $srcbranch:$srcpath @ $rev\n" if $opt_v;
+	if ($node_kind eq $SVN::Node::dir) {
+		$srcpath =~ s#/*$#/#;
+	}
+
+	my $pid = open my $f,'-|';
+	die $! unless defined $pid;
+	if (!$pid) {
+		exec("git","ls-tree","-r","-z",$gitrev,$srcpath)
+			or die $!;
+	}
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	while(<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		my($m,$p) = split(/\t/,$_,2);
+		my($mode,$type,$sha1) = split(/ /,$m);
+		next if $type ne "blob";
+		if ($node_kind eq $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			$p = $path . substr($p,length($srcpath)-1);
+		} else {
+			$p = $path;
+		}
+		push(@$new,[$mode,$sha1,$p]);
+	}
+	close($f) or
+		print STDERR "$newrev:$newbranch: could not list files in $oldpath \@ $rev\n";
+}
+
+sub commit {
+	my($branch, $changed_paths, $revision, $author, $date, $message) = @_;
+	my($committer_name,$committer_email,$dest);
+	my($author_name,$author_email);
+	my(@old,@new,@parents);
+
+	if (not defined $author or $author eq "") {
+		$committer_name = $committer_email = "unknown";
+	} elsif (defined $users_file) {
+		die "User $author is not listed in $users_file\n"
+		    unless exists $users{$author};
+		($committer_name,$committer_email) = @{$users{$author}};
+	} elsif ($author =~ /^(.*?)\s+<(.*)>$/) {
+		($committer_name, $committer_email) = ($1, $2);
+	} else {
+		$author =~ s/^<(.*)>$/$1/;
+		$committer_name = $committer_email = $author;
+	}
+
+	if ($opt_F && $message =~ /From:\s+(.*?)\s+<(.*)>\s*\n/) {
+		($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
+		print "Author from From: $1 <$2>\n" if ($opt_v);;
+	} elsif ($opt_S && $message =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*?)\s+<(.*)>\s*\n/) {
+		($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
+		print "Author from Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>\n" if ($opt_v);;
+	} else {
+		$author_name = $committer_name;
+		$author_email = $committer_email;
+	}
+
+	$date = pdate($date);
+
+	my $tag;
+	my $parent;
+	if($branch eq "/") { # trunk
+		$parent = $opt_o;
+	} elsif($branch =~ m#^/(.+)#) { # tag
+		$tag = 1;
+		$parent = $1;
+	} else { # "normal" branch
+		# nothing to do
+		$parent = $branch;
+	}
+	$dest = $parent;
+
+	my $prev = $changed_paths->{"/"};
+	if($prev and $prev->[0] eq "A") {
+		delete $changed_paths->{"/"};
+		my $oldpath = $prev->[1];
+		my $rev;
+		if(defined $oldpath) {
+			my $p;
+			($parent,$p) = split_path($revision,$oldpath);
+			if(defined $parent) {
+				if($parent eq "/") {
+					$parent = $opt_o;
+				} else {
+					$parent =~ s#^/##; # if it's a tag
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$parent = undef;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $rev;
+	if($revision > $opt_s and defined $parent) {
+		open(H,'-|',"git","rev-parse","--verify",$parent);
+		$rev = <H>;
+		close(H) or do {
+			print STDERR "$revision: cannot find commit '$parent'!\n";
+			return;
+		};
+		chop $rev;
+		if(length($rev) != 40) {
+			print STDERR "$revision: cannot find commit '$parent'!\n";
+			return;
+		}
+		$rev = $branches{($parent eq $opt_o) ? "/" : $parent}{"LAST"};
+		if($revision != $opt_s and not $rev) {
+			print STDERR "$revision: do not know ancestor for '$parent'!\n";
+			return;
+		}
+	} else {
+		$rev = undef;
+	}
+
+#	if($prev and $prev->[0] eq "A") {
+#		if(not $tag) {
+#			unless(open(H,"> $git_dir/refs/heads/$branch")) {
+#				print STDERR "$revision: Could not create branch $branch: $!\n";
+#				$state=11;
+#				next;
+#			}
+#			print H "$rev\n"
+#				or die "Could not write branch $branch: $!";
+#			close(H)
+#				or die "Could not write branch $branch: $!";
+#		}
+#	}
+	if(not defined $rev) {
+		unlink($git_index);
+	} elsif ($rev ne $last_rev) {
+		print "Switching from $last_rev to $rev ($branch)\n" if $opt_v;
+		system("git", "read-tree", $rev);
+		die "read-tree failed for $rev: $?\n" if $?;
+		$last_rev = $rev;
+	}
+
+	push (@parents, $rev) if defined $rev;
+
+	my $cid;
+	if($tag and not %$changed_paths) {
+		$cid = $rev;
+	} else {
+		my @paths = sort keys %$changed_paths;
+		foreach my $path(@paths) {
+			my $action = $changed_paths->{$path};
+
+			if ($action->[0] eq "R") {
+				# refer to a file/tree in an earlier commit
+				push(@old,$path); # remove any old stuff
+			}
+			if(($action->[0] eq "A") || ($action->[0] eq "R")) {
+				my $node_kind = node_kind($action->[3], $revision);
+				if ($node_kind eq $SVN::Node::file) {
+					my $f = get_file($action->[3],
+							 $revision, $path);
+					if ($f) {
+						push(@new,$f) if $f;
+					} else {
+						my $opath = $action->[3];
+						print STDERR "$revision: $branch: could not fetch '$opath'\n";
+					}
+				} elsif ($node_kind eq $SVN::Node::dir) {
+					if($action->[1]) {
+						copy_path($revision, $branch,
+							  $path, $action->[1],
+							  $action->[2], $node_kind,
+							  \@new, \@parents);
+					} else {
+						get_ignore(\@new, \@old, $revision,
+							   $path, $action->[3]);
+					}
+				}
+			} elsif ($action->[0] eq "D") {
+				push(@old,$path);
+			} elsif ($action->[0] eq "M") {
+				my $node_kind = node_kind($action->[3], $revision);
+				if ($node_kind eq $SVN::Node::file) {
+					my $f = get_file($action->[3],
+							 $revision, $path);
+					push(@new,$f) if $f;
+				} elsif ($node_kind eq $SVN::Node::dir) {
+					get_ignore(\@new, \@old, $revision,
+						   $path, $action->[3]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				die "$revision: unknown action '".$action->[0]."' for $path\n";
+			}
+		}
+
+		while(@old) {
+			my @o1;
+			if(@old > 55) {
+				@o1 = splice(@old,0,50);
+			} else {
+				@o1 = @old;
+				@old = ();
+			}
+			my $pid = open my $F, "-|";
+			die "$!" unless defined $pid;
+			if (!$pid) {
+				exec("git", "ls-files", "-z", @o1) or die $!;
+			}
+			@o1 = ();
+			local $/ = "\0";
+			while(<$F>) {
+				chomp;
+				push(@o1,$_);
+			}
+			close($F);
+
+			while(@o1) {
+				my @o2;
+				if(@o1 > 55) {
+					@o2 = splice(@o1,0,50);
+				} else {
+					@o2 = @o1;
+					@o1 = ();
+				}
+				system("git","update-index","--force-remove","--",@o2);
+				die "Cannot remove files: $?\n" if $?;
+			}
+		}
+		while(@new) {
+			my @n2;
+			if(@new > 12) {
+				@n2 = splice(@new,0,10);
+			} else {
+				@n2 = @new;
+				@new = ();
+			}
+			system("git","update-index","--add",
+				(map { ('--cacheinfo', @$_) } @n2));
+			die "Cannot add files: $?\n" if $?;
+		}
+
+		my $pid = open(C,"-|");
+		die "Cannot fork: $!" unless defined $pid;
+		unless($pid) {
+			exec("git","write-tree");
+			die "Cannot exec git-write-tree: $!\n";
+		}
+		chomp(my $tree = <C>);
+		length($tree) == 40
+			or die "Cannot get tree id ($tree): $!\n";
+		close(C)
+			or die "Error running git-write-tree: $?\n";
+		print "Tree ID $tree\n" if $opt_v;
+
+		my $pr = IO::Pipe->new() or die "Cannot open pipe: $!\n";
+		my $pw = IO::Pipe->new() or die "Cannot open pipe: $!\n";
+		$pid = fork();
+		die "Fork: $!\n" unless defined $pid;
+		unless($pid) {
+			$pr->writer();
+			$pw->reader();
+			open(OUT,">&STDOUT");
+			dup2($pw->fileno(),0);
+			dup2($pr->fileno(),1);
+			$pr->close();
+			$pw->close();
+
+			my @par = ();
+
+			# loose detection of merges
+			# based on the commit msg
+			foreach my $rx (@mergerx) {
+				if ($message =~ $rx) {
+					my $mparent = $1;
+					if ($mparent eq 'HEAD') { $mparent = $opt_o };
+					if ( -e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$mparent") {
+						$mparent = get_headref($mparent, $git_dir);
+						push (@parents, $mparent);
+						print OUT "Merge parent branch: $mparent\n" if $opt_v;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			my %seen_parents = ();
+			my @unique_parents = grep { ! $seen_parents{$_} ++ } @parents;
+			foreach my $bparent (@unique_parents) {
+				push @par, '-p', $bparent;
+				print OUT "Merge parent branch: $bparent\n" if $opt_v;
+			}
+
+			exec("env",
+				"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$author_name",
+				"GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$author_email",
+				"GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=".strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date)),
+				"GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=$committer_name",
+				"GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=$committer_email",
+				"GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=".strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date)),
+				"git", "commit-tree", $tree,@par);
+			die "Cannot exec git-commit-tree: $!\n";
+		}
+		$pw->writer();
+		$pr->reader();
+
+		$message =~ s/[\s\n]+\z//;
+		$message = "r$revision: $message" if $opt_r;
+
+		print $pw "$message\n"
+			or die "Error writing to git-commit-tree: $!\n";
+		$pw->close();
+
+		print "Committed change $revision:$branch ".strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date)).")\n" if $opt_v;
+		chomp($cid = <$pr>);
+		length($cid) == 40
+			or die "Cannot get commit id ($cid): $!\n";
+		print "Commit ID $cid\n" if $opt_v;
+		$pr->close();
+
+		waitpid($pid,0);
+		die "Error running git-commit-tree: $?\n" if $?;
+	}
+
+	if (not defined $cid) {
+		$cid = $branches{"/"}{"LAST"};
+	}
+
+	if(not defined $dest) {
+		print "... no known parent\n" if $opt_v;
+	} elsif(not $tag) {
+		print "Writing to refs/heads/$dest\n" if $opt_v;
+		open(C,">$git_dir/refs/heads/$dest") and
+		print C ("$cid\n") and
+		close(C)
+			or die "Cannot write branch $dest for update: $!\n";
+	}
+
+	if ($tag) {
+		$last_rev = "-" if %$changed_paths;
+		# the tag was 'complex', i.e. did not refer to a "real" revision
+
+		$dest =~ tr/_/\./ if $opt_u;
+
+		system('git', 'tag', '-f', $dest, $cid) == 0
+			or die "Cannot create tag $dest: $!\n";
+
+		print "Created tag '$dest' on '$branch'\n" if $opt_v;
+	}
+	$branches{$branch}{"LAST"} = $cid;
+	$branches{$branch}{$revision} = $cid;
+	$last_rev = $cid;
+	print BRANCHES "$revision $branch $cid\n";
+	print "DONE: $revision $dest $cid\n" if $opt_v;
+}
+
+sub commit_all {
+	# Recursive use of the SVN connection does not work
+	local $svn = $svn2;
+
+	my ($changed_paths, $revision, $author, $date, $message) = @_;
+	my %p;
+	while(my($path,$action) = each %$changed_paths) {
+		$p{$path} = [ $action->action,$action->copyfrom_path, $action->copyfrom_rev, $path ];
+	}
+	$changed_paths = \%p;
+
+	my %done;
+	my @col;
+	my $pref;
+	my $branch;
+
+	while(my($path,$action) = each %$changed_paths) {
+		($branch,$path) = split_path($revision,$path);
+		next if not defined $branch;
+		next if not defined $path;
+		$done{$branch}{$path} = $action;
+	}
+	while(($branch,$changed_paths) = each %done) {
+		commit($branch, $changed_paths, $revision, $author, $date, $message);
+	}
+}
+
+$opt_l = $svn->{'maxrev'} if not defined $opt_l or $opt_l > $svn->{'maxrev'};
+
+if ($opt_l < $current_rev) {
+    print "Up to date: no new revisions to fetch!\n" if $opt_v;
+    unlink("$git_dir/SVN2GIT_HEAD");
+    exit;
+}
+
+print "Processing from $current_rev to $opt_l ...\n" if $opt_v;
+
+my $from_rev;
+my $to_rev = $current_rev - 1;
+
+my $subpool = SVN::Pool::new_default_sub;
+while ($to_rev < $opt_l) {
+	$subpool->clear;
+	$from_rev = $to_rev + 1;
+	$to_rev = $from_rev + $repack_after;
+	$to_rev = $opt_l if $opt_l < $to_rev;
+	print "Fetching from $from_rev to $to_rev ...\n" if $opt_v;
+	$svn->{'svn'}->get_log("",$from_rev,$to_rev,0,1,1,\&commit_all);
+	my $pid = fork();
+	die "Fork: $!\n" unless defined $pid;
+	unless($pid) {
+		exec("git", "repack", "-d")
+			or die "Cannot repack: $!\n";
+	}
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+}
+
+
+unlink($git_index);
+
+if (defined $orig_git_index) {
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $orig_git_index;
+} else {
+	delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+}
+
+# Now switch back to the branch we were in before all of this happened
+if($orig_branch) {
+	print "DONE\n" if $opt_v and (not defined $opt_l or $opt_l > 0);
+	system("cp","$git_dir/refs/heads/$opt_o","$git_dir/refs/heads/master")
+		if $forward_master;
+	unless ($opt_i) {
+		system('git', 'read-tree', '-m', '-u', 'SVN2GIT_HEAD', 'HEAD');
+		die "read-tree failed: $?\n" if $?;
+	}
+} else {
+	$orig_branch = "master";
+	print "DONE; creating $orig_branch branch\n" if $opt_v and (not defined $opt_l or $opt_l > 0);
+	system("cp","$git_dir/refs/heads/$opt_o","$git_dir/refs/heads/master")
+		unless -f "$git_dir/refs/heads/master";
+	system('git', 'update-ref', 'HEAD', "$orig_branch");
+	unless ($opt_i) {
+		system('git checkout');
+		die "checkout failed: $?\n" if $?;
+	}
+}
+unlink("$git_dir/SVN2GIT_HEAD");
+close(BRANCHES);
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb871e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+git-svnimport(1)
+================
+v0.1, July 2005
+
+NAME
+----
+git-svnimport - Import a SVN repository into git
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git-svnimport' [ -o <branch-for-HEAD> ] [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -d | -D ]
+		[ -C <GIT_repository> ] [ -i ] [ -u ] [-l limit_rev]
+		[ -b branch_subdir ] [ -T trunk_subdir ] [ -t tag_subdir ]
+		[ -s start_chg ] [ -m ] [ -r ] [ -M regex ]
+		[ -I <ignorefile_name> ] [ -A <author_file> ]
+		[ -R <repack_each_revs>] [ -P <path_from_trunk> ]
+		<SVN_repository_URL> [ <path> ]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Imports a SVN repository into git. It will either create a new
+repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
+
+SVN access is done by the SVN::Perl module.
+
+git-svnimport assumes that SVN repositories are organized into one
+"trunk" directory where the main development happens, "branches/FOO"
+directories for branches, and "/tags/FOO" directories for tags.
+Other subdirectories are ignored.
+
+git-svnimport creates a file ".git/svn2git", which is required for
+incremental SVN imports.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-C <target-dir>::
+        The GIT repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+        exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
+
+-s <start_rev>::
+        Start importing at this SVN change number. The  default is 1.
++
+When importing incrementally, you might need to edit the .git/svn2git file.
+
+-i::
+	Import-only: don't perform a checkout after importing.  This option
+	ensures the working directory and index remain untouched and will
+	not create them if they do not exist.
+
+-T <trunk_subdir>::
+	Name the SVN trunk. Default "trunk".
+
+-t <tag_subdir>::
+	Name the SVN subdirectory for tags. Default "tags".
+
+-b <branch_subdir>::
+	Name the SVN subdirectory for branches. Default "branches".
+
+-o <branch-for-HEAD>::
+	The 'trunk' branch from SVN is imported to the 'origin' branch within
+	the git repository. Use this option if you want to import into a
+	different branch.
+
+-r::
+	Prepend 'rX: ' to commit messages, where X is the imported
+	subversion revision.
+
+-u::
+	Replace underscores in tag names with periods.
+
+-I <ignorefile_name>::
+	Import the svn:ignore directory property to files with this
+	name in each directory. (The Subversion and GIT ignore
+	syntaxes are similar enough that using the Subversion patterns
+	directly with "-I .gitignore" will almost always just work.)
+
+-A <author_file>::
+	Read a file with lines on the form
++
+------
+	username = User's Full Name <email@addr.es>
+
+------
++
+and use "User's Full Name <email@addr.es>" as the GIT
+author and committer for Subversion commits made by
+"username". If encountering a commit made by a user not in the
+list, abort.
++
+For convenience, this data is saved to $GIT_DIR/svn-authors
+each time the -A option is provided, and read from that same
+file each time git-svnimport is run with an existing GIT
+repository without -A.
+
+-m::
+	Attempt to detect merges based on the commit message. This option
+	will enable default regexes that try to capture the name source
+	branch name from the commit message.
+
+-M <regex>::
+	Attempt to detect merges based on the commit message with a custom
+	regex. It can be used with -m to also see the default regexes.
+	You must escape forward slashes.
+
+-l <max_rev>::
+	Specify a maximum revision number to pull.
++
+Formerly, this option controlled how many revisions to pull,
+due to SVN memory leaks. (These have been worked around.)
+
+-R <repack_each_revs>::
+	Specify how often git repository should be repacked.
++
+The default value is 1000. git-svnimport will do imports in chunks of 1000
+revisions, after each chunk the git repository will be repacked. To disable
+this behavior specify some large value here which is greater than the number of
+revisions to import.
+
+-P <path_from_trunk>::
+	Partial import of the SVN tree.
++
+By default, the whole tree on the SVN trunk (/trunk) is imported.
+'-P my/proj' will import starting only from '/trunk/my/proj'.
+This option is useful when you want to import one project from a
+svn repo which hosts multiple projects under the same trunk.
+
+-v::
+	Verbosity: let 'svnimport' report what it is doing.
+
+-d::
+	Use direct HTTP requests if possible. The "<path>" argument is used
+	only for retrieving the SVN logs; the path to the contents is
+	included in the SVN log.
+
+-D::
+	Use direct HTTP requests if possible. The "<path>" argument is used
+	for retrieving the logs, as well as for the contents.
++
+There's no safe way to automatically find out which of these options to
+use, so you need to try both. Usually, the one that's wrong will die
+with a 40x error pretty quickly.
+
+<SVN_repository_URL>::
+	The URL of the SVN module you want to import. For local
+	repositories, use "file:///absolute/path".
++
+If you're using the "-d" or "-D" option, this is the URL of the SVN
+repository itself; it usually ends in "/svn".
+
+<path>::
+	The path to the module you want to check out.
+
+-h::
+	Print a short usage message and exit.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+If '-v' is specified, the script reports what it is doing.
+
+Otherwise, success is indicated the Unix way, i.e. by simply exiting with
+a zero exit status.
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>, with help from
+various participants of the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Based on a cvs2git script by the same author.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh b/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2c15bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+
+USAGE='[-n [<num>]] -l [<pattern>] | [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f | -d | -v] [-m <msg>] <tagname> [<head>]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+message_given=
+annotate=
+signed=
+force=
+message=
+username=
+list=
+verify=
+LINES=0
+while test $# != 0
+do
+    case "$1" in
+    -a)
+	annotate=1
+	shift
+	;;
+    -s)
+	annotate=1
+	signed=1
+	shift
+	;;
+    -f)
+	force=1
+	shift
+	;;
+    -n)
+        case "$#,$2" in
+	1,* | *,-*)
+		LINES=1 	# no argument
+		;;
+	*)	shift
+		LINES=$(expr "$1" : '\([0-9]*\)')
+		[ -z "$LINES" ] && LINES=1 # 1 line is default when -n is used
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+	;;
+    -l)
+	list=1
+	shift
+	case $# in
+	0)	PATTERN=
+		;;
+	*)
+		PATTERN="$1"	# select tags by shell pattern, not re
+		shift
+		;;
+	esac
+	git rev-parse --symbolic --tags | sort |
+	    while read TAG
+	    do
+	        case "$TAG" in
+		*$PATTERN*) ;;
+		*)	    continue ;;
+		esac
+		[ "$LINES" -le 0 ] && { echo "$TAG"; continue ;}
+		OBJTYPE=$(git cat-file -t "$TAG")
+		case $OBJTYPE in
+		tag)
+			ANNOTATION=$(git cat-file tag "$TAG" |
+				sed -e '1,/^$/d' |
+				sed -n -e "
+					/^-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\$/q
+					2,\$s/^/    /
+					p
+					${LINES}q
+				")
+			printf "%-15s %s\n" "$TAG" "$ANNOTATION"
+			;;
+		*)      echo "$TAG"
+			;;
+		esac
+	    done
+	;;
+    -m)
+	annotate=1
+	shift
+	message="$1"
+	if test "$#" = "0"; then
+	    die "error: option -m needs an argument"
+	else
+	    message="$1"
+	    message_given=1
+	    shift
+	fi
+	;;
+    -F)
+	annotate=1
+	shift
+	if test "$#" = "0"; then
+	    die "error: option -F needs an argument"
+	else
+	    message="$(cat "$1")"
+	    message_given=1
+	    shift
+	fi
+	;;
+    -u)
+	annotate=1
+	signed=1
+	shift
+	if test "$#" = "0"; then
+	    die "error: option -u needs an argument"
+	else
+	    username="$1"
+	    shift
+	fi
+	;;
+    -d)
+	shift
+	had_error=0
+	for tag
+	do
+		cur=$(git show-ref --verify --hash -- "refs/tags/$tag") || {
+			echo >&2 "Seriously, what tag are you talking about?"
+			had_error=1
+			continue
+		}
+		git update-ref -m 'tag: delete' -d "refs/tags/$tag" "$cur" || {
+			had_error=1
+			continue
+		}
+		echo "Deleted tag $tag."
+	done
+	exit $had_error
+	;;
+    -v)
+	shift
+	tag_name="$1"
+	tag=$(git show-ref --verify --hash -- "refs/tags/$tag_name") ||
+		die "Seriously, what tag are you talking about?"
+	git-verify-tag -v "$tag"
+	exit $?
+	;;
+    -*)
+        usage
+	;;
+    *)
+	break
+	;;
+    esac
+done
+
+[ -n "$list" ] && exit 0
+
+name="$1"
+[ "$name" ] || usage
+prev=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+if git show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/tags/$name"
+then
+    test -n "$force" || die "tag '$name' already exists"
+    prev=`git rev-parse "refs/tags/$name"`
+fi
+shift
+git check-ref-format "tags/$name" ||
+	die "we do not like '$name' as a tag name."
+
+object=$(git rev-parse --verify --default HEAD "$@") || exit 1
+type=$(git cat-file -t $object) || exit 1
+tagger=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT) || exit 1
+
+test -n "$username" ||
+	username=$(git config user.signingkey) ||
+	username=$(expr "z$tagger" : 'z\(.*>\)')
+
+trap 'rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP* "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_EDITMSG' 0
+
+if [ "$annotate" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$message_given" ]; then
+        ( echo "#"
+          echo "# Write a tag message"
+          echo "#" ) > "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_EDITMSG
+        git_editor "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_EDITMSG || exit
+    else
+        printf '%s\n' "$message" >"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_EDITMSG
+    fi
+
+    grep -v '^#' <"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_EDITMSG |
+    git stripspace >"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG
+
+    [ -s "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG -o -n "$message_given" ] || {
+	echo >&2 "No tag message?"
+	exit 1
+    }
+
+    ( printf 'object %s\ntype %s\ntag %s\ntagger %s\n\n' \
+	"$object" "$type" "$name" "$tagger";
+      cat "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG ) >"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP
+    rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP.asc "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_FINALMSG
+    if [ "$signed" ]; then
+	gpg -bsa -u "$username" "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP &&
+	cat "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP.asc >>"$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP ||
+	die "failed to sign the tag with GPG."
+    fi
+    object=$(git-mktag < "$GIT_DIR"/TAG_TMP)
+fi
+
+git update-ref "refs/tags/$name" "$object" "$prev"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-verify-tag.sh b/contrib/examples/git-verify-tag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0902a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-verify-tag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE='<tag>'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+verbose=
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
+		verbose=t ;;
+	*)
+		break ;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+if [ "$#" != "1" ]
+then
+	usage
+fi
+
+type="$(git cat-file -t "$1" 2>/dev/null)" ||
+	die "$1: no such object."
+
+test "$type" = tag ||
+	die "$1: cannot verify a non-tag object of type $type."
+
+case "$verbose" in
+t)
+	git cat-file -p "$1" |
+	sed -n -e '/^-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----/q' -e p
+	;;
+esac
+
+trap 'rm -f "$GIT_DIR/.tmp-vtag"' 0
+
+git cat-file tag "$1" >"$GIT_DIR/.tmp-vtag" || exit 1
+sed -n -e '
+	/^-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----$/q
+	p
+' <"$GIT_DIR/.tmp-vtag" |
+gpg --verify "$GIT_DIR/.tmp-vtag" - || exit 1
+rm -f "$GIT_DIR/.tmp-vtag"
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f9fef6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# Performs an initial import of a directory. This is the equivalent
+# of doing 'git init; git add .; git commit'. It's a little slower,
+# but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
+
+use strict;
+use File::Find;
+
+my $USAGE = 'Usage: git-import branch import-message';
+my $branch = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
+my $message = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
+
+chomp(my $username = `git config user.name`);
+chomp(my $email = `git config user.email`);
+die 'You need to set user name and email'
+  unless $username && $email;
+
+system('git init');
+open(my $fi, '|-', qw(git fast-import --date-format=now))
+  or die "unable to spawn fast-import: $!";
+
+print $fi <<EOF;
+commit refs/heads/$branch
+committer $username <$email> now
+data <<MSGEOF
+$message
+MSGEOF
+
+EOF
+
+find(
+  sub {
+    if($File::Find::name eq './.git') {
+      $File::Find::prune = 1;
+      return;
+    }
+    return unless -f $_;
+
+    my $fn = $File::Find::name;
+    $fn =~ s#^.\/##;
+
+    open(my $in, '<', $_)
+      or die "unable to open $fn: $!";
+    my @st = stat($in)
+      or die "unable to stat $fn: $!";
+    my $len = $st[7];
+
+    print $fi "M 644 inline $fn\n";
+    print $fi "data $len\n";
+    while($len > 0) {
+      my $r = read($in, my $buf, $len < 4096 ? $len : 4096);
+      defined($r) or die "read error from $fn: $!";
+      $r > 0 or die "premature EOF from $fn: $!";
+      print $fi $buf;
+      $len -= $r;
+    }
+    print $fi "\n";
+
+  }, '.'
+);
+
+close($fi);
+exit $?;
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ca7718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Performs an initial import of a directory. This is the equivalent
+# of doing 'git init; git add .; git commit'. It's a lot slower,
+# but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
+
+if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
+	echo "Usage: git-import branch import-message"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+USERNAME="$(git config user.name)"
+EMAIL="$(git config user.email)"
+
+if [ -z "$USERNAME" -o -z "$EMAIL" ]; then
+	echo "You need to set user name and email"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+git init
+
+(
+	cat <<EOF
+commit refs/heads/$1
+committer $USERNAME <$EMAIL> now
+data <<MSGEOF
+$2
+MSGEOF
+
+EOF
+	find * -type f|while read i;do
+		echo "M 100644 inline $i"
+		echo data $(stat -c '%s' "$i")
+		cat "$i"
+		echo
+	done
+	echo
+) | git fast-import --date-format=now
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4 b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e7c4814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4
@@ -0,0 +1,1925 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# git-p4.py -- A tool for bidirectional operation between a Perforce depot and git.
+#
+# Author: Simon Hausmann <simon@lst.de>
+# Copyright: 2007 Simon Hausmann <simon@lst.de>
+#            2007 Trolltech ASA
+# License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
+#
+
+import optparse, sys, os, marshal, subprocess, shelve
+import tempfile, getopt, os.path, time, platform
+import re
+
+verbose = False
+
+
+def p4_build_cmd(cmd):
+    """Build a suitable p4 command line.
+
+    This consolidates building and returning a p4 command line into one
+    location. It means that hooking into the environment, or other configuration
+    can be done more easily.
+    """
+    real_cmd = "%s " % "p4"
+
+    user = gitConfig("git-p4.user")
+    if len(user) > 0:
+        real_cmd += "-u %s " % user
+
+    password = gitConfig("git-p4.password")
+    if len(password) > 0:
+        real_cmd += "-P %s " % password
+
+    port = gitConfig("git-p4.port")
+    if len(port) > 0:
+        real_cmd += "-p %s " % port
+
+    host = gitConfig("git-p4.host")
+    if len(host) > 0:
+        real_cmd += "-h %s " % host
+
+    client = gitConfig("git-p4.client")
+    if len(client) > 0:
+        real_cmd += "-c %s " % client
+
+    real_cmd += "%s" % (cmd)
+    if verbose:
+        print real_cmd
+    return real_cmd
+
+def chdir(dir):
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        os.environ['PWD']=dir
+    os.chdir(dir)
+
+def die(msg):
+    if verbose:
+        raise Exception(msg)
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(msg + "\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+def write_pipe(c, str):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write('Writing pipe: %s\n' % c)
+
+    pipe = os.popen(c, 'w')
+    val = pipe.write(str)
+    if pipe.close():
+        die('Command failed: %s' % c)
+
+    return val
+
+def p4_write_pipe(c, str):
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
+    return write_pipe(real_cmd, str)
+
+def read_pipe(c, ignore_error=False):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write('Reading pipe: %s\n' % c)
+
+    pipe = os.popen(c, 'rb')
+    val = pipe.read()
+    if pipe.close() and not ignore_error:
+        die('Command failed: %s' % c)
+
+    return val
+
+def p4_read_pipe(c, ignore_error=False):
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
+    return read_pipe(real_cmd, ignore_error)
+
+def read_pipe_lines(c):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write('Reading pipe: %s\n' % c)
+    ## todo: check return status
+    pipe = os.popen(c, 'rb')
+    val = pipe.readlines()
+    if pipe.close():
+        die('Command failed: %s' % c)
+
+    return val
+
+def p4_read_pipe_lines(c):
+    """Specifically invoke p4 on the command supplied. """
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
+    return read_pipe_lines(real_cmd)
+
+def system(cmd):
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % cmd)
+    if os.system(cmd) != 0:
+        die("command failed: %s" % cmd)
+
+def p4_system(cmd):
+    """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
+    return system(real_cmd)
+
+def isP4Exec(kind):
+    """Determine if a Perforce 'kind' should have execute permission
+
+    'p4 help filetypes' gives a list of the types.  If it starts with 'x',
+    or x follows one of a few letters.  Otherwise, if there is an 'x' after
+    a plus sign, it is also executable"""
+    return (re.search(r"(^[cku]?x)|\+.*x", kind) != None)
+
+def setP4ExecBit(file, mode):
+    # Reopens an already open file and changes the execute bit to match
+    # the execute bit setting in the passed in mode.
+
+    p4Type = "+x"
+
+    if not isModeExec(mode):
+        p4Type = getP4OpenedType(file)
+        p4Type = re.sub('^([cku]?)x(.*)', '\\1\\2', p4Type)
+        p4Type = re.sub('(.*?\+.*?)x(.*?)', '\\1\\2', p4Type)
+        if p4Type[-1] == "+":
+            p4Type = p4Type[0:-1]
+
+    p4_system("reopen -t %s %s" % (p4Type, file))
+
+def getP4OpenedType(file):
+    # Returns the perforce file type for the given file.
+
+    result = p4_read_pipe("opened %s" % file)
+    match = re.match(".*\((.+)\)\r?$", result)
+    if match:
+        return match.group(1)
+    else:
+        die("Could not determine file type for %s (result: '%s')" % (file, result))
+
+def diffTreePattern():
+    # This is a simple generator for the diff tree regex pattern. This could be
+    # a class variable if this and parseDiffTreeEntry were a part of a class.
+    pattern = re.compile(':(\d+) (\d+) (\w+) (\w+) ([A-Z])(\d+)?\t(.*?)((\t(.*))|$)')
+    while True:
+        yield pattern
+
+def parseDiffTreeEntry(entry):
+    """Parses a single diff tree entry into its component elements.
+
+    See git-diff-tree(1) manpage for details about the format of the diff
+    output. This method returns a dictionary with the following elements:
+
+    src_mode - The mode of the source file
+    dst_mode - The mode of the destination file
+    src_sha1 - The sha1 for the source file
+    dst_sha1 - The sha1 fr the destination file
+    status - The one letter status of the diff (i.e. 'A', 'M', 'D', etc)
+    status_score - The score for the status (applicable for 'C' and 'R'
+                   statuses). This is None if there is no score.
+    src - The path for the source file.
+    dst - The path for the destination file. This is only present for
+          copy or renames. If it is not present, this is None.
+
+    If the pattern is not matched, None is returned."""
+
+    match = diffTreePattern().next().match(entry)
+    if match:
+        return {
+            'src_mode': match.group(1),
+            'dst_mode': match.group(2),
+            'src_sha1': match.group(3),
+            'dst_sha1': match.group(4),
+            'status': match.group(5),
+            'status_score': match.group(6),
+            'src': match.group(7),
+            'dst': match.group(10)
+        }
+    return None
+
+def isModeExec(mode):
+    # Returns True if the given git mode represents an executable file,
+    # otherwise False.
+    return mode[-3:] == "755"
+
+def isModeExecChanged(src_mode, dst_mode):
+    return isModeExec(src_mode) != isModeExec(dst_mode)
+
+def p4CmdList(cmd, stdin=None, stdin_mode='w+b', cb=None):
+    cmd = p4_build_cmd("-G %s" % (cmd))
+    if verbose:
+        sys.stderr.write("Opening pipe: %s\n" % cmd)
+
+    # Use a temporary file to avoid deadlocks without
+    # subprocess.communicate(), which would put another copy
+    # of stdout into memory.
+    stdin_file = None
+    if stdin is not None:
+        stdin_file = tempfile.TemporaryFile(prefix='p4-stdin', mode=stdin_mode)
+        stdin_file.write(stdin)
+        stdin_file.flush()
+        stdin_file.seek(0)
+
+    p4 = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True,
+                          stdin=stdin_file,
+                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+    result = []
+    try:
+        while True:
+            entry = marshal.load(p4.stdout)
+	    if cb is not None:
+		cb(entry)
+	    else:
+		result.append(entry)
+    except EOFError:
+        pass
+    exitCode = p4.wait()
+    if exitCode != 0:
+        entry = {}
+        entry["p4ExitCode"] = exitCode
+        result.append(entry)
+
+    return result
+
+def p4Cmd(cmd):
+    list = p4CmdList(cmd)
+    result = {}
+    for entry in list:
+        result.update(entry)
+    return result;
+
+def p4Where(depotPath):
+    if not depotPath.endswith("/"):
+        depotPath += "/"
+    depotPath = depotPath + "..."
+    outputList = p4CmdList("where %s" % depotPath)
+    output = None
+    for entry in outputList:
+        if "depotFile" in entry:
+            if entry["depotFile"] == depotPath:
+                output = entry
+                break
+        elif "data" in entry:
+            data = entry.get("data")
+            space = data.find(" ")
+            if data[:space] == depotPath:
+                output = entry
+                break
+    if output == None:
+        return ""
+    if output["code"] == "error":
+        return ""
+    clientPath = ""
+    if "path" in output:
+        clientPath = output.get("path")
+    elif "data" in output:
+        data = output.get("data")
+        lastSpace = data.rfind(" ")
+        clientPath = data[lastSpace + 1:]
+
+    if clientPath.endswith("..."):
+        clientPath = clientPath[:-3]
+    return clientPath
+
+def currentGitBranch():
+    return read_pipe("git name-rev HEAD").split(" ")[1].strip()
+
+def isValidGitDir(path):
+    if (os.path.exists(path + "/HEAD")
+        and os.path.exists(path + "/refs") and os.path.exists(path + "/objects")):
+        return True;
+    return False
+
+def parseRevision(ref):
+    return read_pipe("git rev-parse %s" % ref).strip()
+
+def extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(commit):
+    logMessage = ""
+
+    ## fixme: title is first line of commit, not 1st paragraph.
+    foundTitle = False
+    for log in read_pipe_lines("git cat-file commit %s" % commit):
+       if not foundTitle:
+           if len(log) == 1:
+               foundTitle = True
+           continue
+
+       logMessage += log
+    return logMessage
+
+def extractSettingsGitLog(log):
+    values = {}
+    for line in log.split("\n"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        m = re.search (r"^ *\[git-p4: (.*)\]$", line)
+        if not m:
+            continue
+
+        assignments = m.group(1).split (':')
+        for a in assignments:
+            vals = a.split ('=')
+            key = vals[0].strip()
+            val = ('='.join (vals[1:])).strip()
+            if val.endswith ('\"') and val.startswith('"'):
+                val = val[1:-1]
+
+            values[key] = val
+
+    paths = values.get("depot-paths")
+    if not paths:
+        paths = values.get("depot-path")
+    if paths:
+        values['depot-paths'] = paths.split(',')
+    return values
+
+def gitBranchExists(branch):
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(["git", "rev-parse", branch],
+                            stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE);
+    return proc.wait() == 0;
+
+_gitConfig = {}
+def gitConfig(key):
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe("git config %s" % key, ignore_error=True).strip()
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes = True):
+    branches = {}
+
+    cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
+    if branchesAreInRemotes:
+        cmdline += " --remotes"
+    else:
+        cmdline += " --branches"
+
+    for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
+        line = line.strip()
+
+        ## only import to p4/
+        if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+            continue
+        branch = line
+
+        # strip off p4
+        branch = re.sub ("^p4/", "", line)
+
+        branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
+    return branches
+
+def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
+    branches = p4BranchesInGit()
+    # map from depot-path to branch name
+    branchByDepotPath = {}
+    for branch in branches.keys():
+        tip = branches[branch]
+        log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(tip)
+        settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+        if settings.has_key("depot-paths"):
+            paths = ",".join(settings["depot-paths"])
+            branchByDepotPath[paths] = "remotes/p4/" + branch
+
+    settings = None
+    parent = 0
+    while parent < 65535:
+        commit = head + "~%s" % parent
+        log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(commit)
+        settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+        if settings.has_key("depot-paths"):
+            paths = ",".join(settings["depot-paths"])
+            if branchByDepotPath.has_key(paths):
+                return [branchByDepotPath[paths], settings]
+
+        parent = parent + 1
+
+    return ["", settings]
+
+def createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(localRefPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/", silent=True):
+    if not silent:
+        print ("Creating/updating branch(es) in %s based on origin branch(es)"
+               % localRefPrefix)
+
+    originPrefix = "origin/p4/"
+
+    for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --remotes"):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if (not line.startswith(originPrefix)) or line.endswith("HEAD"):
+            continue
+
+        headName = line[len(originPrefix):]
+        remoteHead = localRefPrefix + headName
+        originHead = line
+
+        original = extractSettingsGitLog(extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(originHead))
+        if (not original.has_key('depot-paths')
+            or not original.has_key('change')):
+            continue
+
+        update = False
+        if not gitBranchExists(remoteHead):
+            if verbose:
+                print "creating %s" % remoteHead
+            update = True
+        else:
+            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(remoteHead))
+            if settings.has_key('change') > 0:
+                if settings['depot-paths'] == original['depot-paths']:
+                    originP4Change = int(original['change'])
+                    p4Change = int(settings['change'])
+                    if originP4Change > p4Change:
+                        print ("%s (%s) is newer than %s (%s). "
+                               "Updating p4 branch from origin."
+                               % (originHead, originP4Change,
+                                  remoteHead, p4Change))
+                        update = True
+                else:
+                    print ("Ignoring: %s was imported from %s while "
+                           "%s was imported from %s"
+                           % (originHead, ','.join(original['depot-paths']),
+                              remoteHead, ','.join(settings['depot-paths'])))
+
+        if update:
+            system("git update-ref %s %s" % (remoteHead, originHead))
+
+def originP4BranchesExist():
+        return gitBranchExists("origin") or gitBranchExists("origin/p4") or gitBranchExists("origin/p4/master")
+
+def p4ChangesForPaths(depotPaths, changeRange):
+    assert depotPaths
+    output = p4_read_pipe_lines("changes " + ' '.join (["%s...%s" % (p, changeRange)
+                                                        for p in depotPaths]))
+
+    changes = {}
+    for line in output:
+	changeNum = int(line.split(" ")[1])
+	changes[changeNum] = True
+
+    changelist = changes.keys()
+    changelist.sort()
+    return changelist
+
+class Command:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
+        self.needsGit = True
+
+class P4Debug(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+            optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true",
+                                 default=False),
+            ]
+        self.description = "A tool to debug the output of p4 -G."
+        self.needsGit = False
+        self.verbose = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        j = 0
+        for output in p4CmdList(" ".join(args)):
+            print 'Element: %d' % j
+            j += 1
+            print output
+        return True
+
+class P4RollBack(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+            optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
+            optparse.make_option("--local", dest="rollbackLocalBranches", action="store_true")
+        ]
+        self.description = "A tool to debug the multi-branch import. Don't use :)"
+        self.verbose = False
+        self.rollbackLocalBranches = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            return False
+        maxChange = int(args[0])
+
+        if "p4ExitCode" in p4Cmd("changes -m 1"):
+            die("Problems executing p4");
+
+        if self.rollbackLocalBranches:
+            refPrefix = "refs/heads/"
+            lines = read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --branches")
+        else:
+            refPrefix = "refs/remotes/"
+            lines = read_pipe_lines("git rev-parse --symbolic --remotes")
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if self.rollbackLocalBranches or (line.startswith("p4/") and line != "p4/HEAD\n"):
+                line = line.strip()
+                ref = refPrefix + line
+                log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(ref)
+                settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+
+                depotPaths = settings['depot-paths']
+                change = settings['change']
+
+                changed = False
+
+                if len(p4Cmd("changes -m 1 "  + ' '.join (['%s...@%s' % (p, maxChange)
+                                                           for p in depotPaths]))) == 0:
+                    print "Branch %s did not exist at change %s, deleting." % (ref, maxChange)
+                    system("git update-ref -d %s `git rev-parse %s`" % (ref, ref))
+                    continue
+
+                while change and int(change) > maxChange:
+                    changed = True
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print "%s is at %s ; rewinding towards %s" % (ref, change, maxChange)
+                    system("git update-ref %s \"%s^\"" % (ref, ref))
+                    log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(ref)
+                    settings =  extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+
+
+                    depotPaths = settings['depot-paths']
+                    change = settings['change']
+
+                if changed:
+                    print "%s rewound to %s" % (ref, change)
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Submit(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+                optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--origin", dest="origin"),
+                optparse.make_option("-M", dest="detectRename", action="store_true"),
+        ]
+        self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
+        self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
+        self.interactive = True
+        self.origin = ""
+        self.detectRename = False
+        self.verbose = False
+        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
+
+    def check(self):
+        if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
+            die("You have files opened with perforce! Close them before starting the sync.")
+
+    # replaces everything between 'Description:' and the next P4 submit template field with the
+    # commit message
+    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message):
+        result = ""
+
+        inDescriptionSection = False
+
+        for line in template.split("\n"):
+            if line.startswith("#"):
+                result += line + "\n"
+                continue
+
+            if inDescriptionSection:
+                if line.startswith("Files:"):
+                    inDescriptionSection = False
+                else:
+                    continue
+            else:
+                if line.startswith("Description:"):
+                    inDescriptionSection = True
+                    line += "\n"
+                    for messageLine in message.split("\n"):
+                        line += "\t" + messageLine + "\n"
+
+            result += line + "\n"
+
+        return result
+
+    def prepareSubmitTemplate(self):
+        # remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files outside the depot path we're committing into
+        template = ""
+        inFilesSection = False
+        for line in p4_read_pipe_lines("change -o"):
+            if line.endswith("\r\n"):
+                line = line[:-2] + "\n"
+            if inFilesSection:
+                if line.startswith("\t"):
+                    # path starts and ends with a tab
+                    path = line[1:]
+                    lastTab = path.rfind("\t")
+                    if lastTab != -1:
+                        path = path[:lastTab]
+                        if not path.startswith(self.depotPath):
+                            continue
+                else:
+                    inFilesSection = False
+            else:
+                if line.startswith("Files:"):
+                    inFilesSection = True
+
+            template += line
+
+        return template
+
+    def applyCommit(self, id):
+        print "Applying %s" % (read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --pretty=oneline %s" % id))
+        diffOpts = ("", "-M")[self.detectRename]
+        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (diffOpts, id, id))
+        filesToAdd = set()
+        filesToDelete = set()
+        editedFiles = set()
+        filesToChangeExecBit = {}
+        for line in diff:
+            diff = parseDiffTreeEntry(line)
+            modifier = diff['status']
+            path = diff['src']
+            if modifier == "M":
+                p4_system("edit \"%s\"" % path)
+                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
+                    filesToChangeExecBit[path] = diff['dst_mode']
+                editedFiles.add(path)
+            elif modifier == "A":
+                filesToAdd.add(path)
+                filesToChangeExecBit[path] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if path in filesToDelete:
+                    filesToDelete.remove(path)
+            elif modifier == "D":
+                filesToDelete.add(path)
+                if path in filesToAdd:
+                    filesToAdd.remove(path)
+            elif modifier == "R":
+                src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
+                p4_system("integrate -Dt \"%s\" \"%s\"" % (src, dest))
+                p4_system("edit \"%s\"" % (dest))
+                if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
+                    filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                os.unlink(dest)
+                editedFiles.add(dest)
+                filesToDelete.add(src)
+            else:
+                die("unknown modifier %s for %s" % (modifier, path))
+
+        diffcmd = "git format-patch -k --stdout \"%s^\"..\"%s\"" % (id, id)
+        patchcmd = diffcmd + " | git apply "
+        tryPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check -"
+        applyPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check --apply -"
+
+        if os.system(tryPatchCmd) != 0:
+            print "Unfortunately applying the change failed!"
+            print "What do you want to do?"
+            response = "x"
+            while response != "s" and response != "a" and response != "w":
+                response = raw_input("[s]kip this patch / [a]pply the patch forcibly "
+                                     "and with .rej files / [w]rite the patch to a file (patch.txt) ")
+            if response == "s":
+                print "Skipping! Good luck with the next patches..."
+                for f in editedFiles:
+                    p4_system("revert \"%s\"" % f);
+                for f in filesToAdd:
+                    system("rm %s" %f)
+                return
+            elif response == "a":
+                os.system(applyPatchCmd)
+                if len(filesToAdd) > 0:
+                    print "You may also want to call p4 add on the following files:"
+                    print " ".join(filesToAdd)
+                if len(filesToDelete):
+                    print "The following files should be scheduled for deletion with p4 delete:"
+                    print " ".join(filesToDelete)
+                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
+                    + "continue afterwards with git-p4 submit --continue")
+            elif response == "w":
+                system(diffcmd + " > patch.txt")
+                print "Patch saved to patch.txt in %s !" % self.clientPath
+                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
+                    "continue afterwards with git-p4 submit --continue")
+
+        system(applyPatchCmd)
+
+        for f in filesToAdd:
+            p4_system("add \"%s\"" % f)
+        for f in filesToDelete:
+            p4_system("revert \"%s\"" % f)
+            p4_system("delete \"%s\"" % f)
+
+        # Set/clear executable bits
+        for f in filesToChangeExecBit.keys():
+            mode = filesToChangeExecBit[f]
+            setP4ExecBit(f, mode)
+
+        logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(id)
+        logMessage = logMessage.strip()
+
+        template = self.prepareSubmitTemplate()
+
+        if self.interactive:
+            submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage)
+            if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
+                del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
+            diff = p4_read_pipe("diff -du ...")
+
+            newdiff = ""
+            for newFile in filesToAdd:
+                newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
+                newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
+                newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
+                f = open(newFile, "r")
+                for line in f.readlines():
+                    newdiff += "+" + line
+                f.close()
+
+            separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
+
+            [handle, fileName] = tempfile.mkstemp()
+            tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+")
+            if self.isWindows:
+                submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+                separatorLine = separatorLine.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+                newdiff = newdiff.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+            tmpFile.write(submitTemplate + separatorLine + diff + newdiff)
+            tmpFile.close()
+            mtime = os.stat(fileName).st_mtime
+            if os.environ.has_key("P4EDITOR"):
+                editor = os.environ.get("P4EDITOR")
+            else:
+                editor = read_pipe("git var GIT_EDITOR").strip()
+            system(editor + " " + fileName)
+
+            response = "y"
+            if os.stat(fileName).st_mtime <= mtime:
+                response = "x"
+                while response != "y" and response != "n":
+                    response = raw_input("Submit template unchanged. Submit anyway? [y]es, [n]o (skip this patch) ")
+
+            if response == "y":
+                tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
+                message = tmpFile.read()
+                tmpFile.close()
+                submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+                p4_write_pipe("submit -i", submitTemplate)
+            else:
+                for f in editedFiles:
+                    p4_system("revert \"%s\"" % f);
+                for f in filesToAdd:
+                    p4_system("revert \"%s\"" % f);
+                    system("rm %s" %f)
+
+            os.remove(fileName)
+        else:
+            fileName = "submit.txt"
+            file = open(fileName, "w+")
+            file.write(self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage))
+            file.close()
+            print ("Perforce submit template written as %s. "
+                   + "Please review/edit and then use p4 submit -i < %s to submit directly!"
+                   % (fileName, fileName))
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            self.master = currentGitBranch()
+            if len(self.master) == 0 or not gitBranchExists("refs/heads/%s" % self.master):
+                die("Detecting current git branch failed!")
+        elif len(args) == 1:
+            self.master = args[0]
+        else:
+            return False
+
+        allowSubmit = gitConfig("git-p4.allowSubmit")
+        if len(allowSubmit) > 0 and not self.master in allowSubmit.split(","):
+            die("%s is not in git-p4.allowSubmit" % self.master)
+
+        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
+        self.depotPath = settings['depot-paths'][0]
+        if len(self.origin) == 0:
+            self.origin = upstream
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "Origin branch is " + self.origin
+
+        if len(self.depotPath) == 0:
+            print "Internal error: cannot locate perforce depot path from existing branches"
+            sys.exit(128)
+
+        self.clientPath = p4Where(self.depotPath)
+
+        if len(self.clientPath) == 0:
+            print "Error: Cannot locate perforce checkout of %s in client view" % self.depotPath
+            sys.exit(128)
+
+        print "Perforce checkout for depot path %s located at %s" % (self.depotPath, self.clientPath)
+        self.oldWorkingDirectory = os.getcwd()
+
+        chdir(self.clientPath)
+        print "Syncronizing p4 checkout..."
+        p4_system("sync ...")
+
+        self.check()
+
+        commits = []
+        for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-list --no-merges %s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)):
+            commits.append(line.strip())
+        commits.reverse()
+
+        while len(commits) > 0:
+            commit = commits[0]
+            commits = commits[1:]
+            self.applyCommit(commit)
+            if not self.interactive:
+                break
+
+        if len(commits) == 0:
+            print "All changes applied!"
+            chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
+
+            sync = P4Sync()
+            sync.run([])
+
+            rebase = P4Rebase()
+            rebase.rebase()
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Sync(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
+                optparse.make_option("--detect-branches", dest="detectBranches", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--changesfile", dest="changesFile"),
+                optparse.make_option("--silent", dest="silent", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--detect-labels", dest="detectLabels", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--import-local", dest="importIntoRemotes", action="store_false",
+                                     help="Import into refs/heads/ , not refs/remotes"),
+                optparse.make_option("--max-changes", dest="maxChanges"),
+                optparse.make_option("--keep-path", dest="keepRepoPath", action='store_true',
+                                     help="Keep entire BRANCH/DIR/SUBDIR prefix during import"),
+                optparse.make_option("--use-client-spec", dest="useClientSpec", action='store_true',
+                                     help="Only sync files that are included in the Perforce Client Spec")
+        ]
+        self.description = """Imports from Perforce into a git repository.\n
+    example:
+    //depot/my/project/ -- to import the current head
+    //depot/my/project/@all -- to import everything
+    //depot/my/project/@1,6 -- to import only from revision 1 to 6
+
+    (a ... is not needed in the path p4 specification, it's added implicitly)"""
+
+        self.usage += " //depot/path[@revRange]"
+        self.silent = False
+        self.createdBranches = set()
+        self.committedChanges = set()
+        self.branch = ""
+        self.detectBranches = False
+        self.detectLabels = False
+        self.changesFile = ""
+        self.syncWithOrigin = True
+        self.verbose = False
+        self.importIntoRemotes = True
+        self.maxChanges = ""
+        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
+        self.keepRepoPath = False
+        self.depotPaths = None
+        self.p4BranchesInGit = []
+        self.cloneExclude = []
+        self.useClientSpec = False
+        self.clientSpecDirs = []
+
+        if gitConfig("git-p4.syncFromOrigin") == "false":
+            self.syncWithOrigin = False
+
+    def extractFilesFromCommit(self, commit):
+        self.cloneExclude = [re.sub(r"\.\.\.$", "", path)
+                             for path in self.cloneExclude]
+        files = []
+        fnum = 0
+        while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
+            path =  commit["depotFile%s" % fnum]
+
+            if [p for p in self.cloneExclude
+                if path.startswith (p)]:
+                found = False
+            else:
+                found = [p for p in self.depotPaths
+                         if path.startswith (p)]
+            if not found:
+                fnum = fnum + 1
+                continue
+
+            file = {}
+            file["path"] = path
+            file["rev"] = commit["rev%s" % fnum]
+            file["action"] = commit["action%s" % fnum]
+            file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
+            files.append(file)
+            fnum = fnum + 1
+        return files
+
+    def stripRepoPath(self, path, prefixes):
+        if self.keepRepoPath:
+            prefixes = [re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])]
+
+        for p in prefixes:
+            if path.startswith(p):
+                path = path[len(p):]
+
+        return path
+
+    def splitFilesIntoBranches(self, commit):
+        branches = {}
+        fnum = 0
+        while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
+            path =  commit["depotFile%s" % fnum]
+            found = [p for p in self.depotPaths
+                     if path.startswith (p)]
+            if not found:
+                fnum = fnum + 1
+                continue
+
+            file = {}
+            file["path"] = path
+            file["rev"] = commit["rev%s" % fnum]
+            file["action"] = commit["action%s" % fnum]
+            file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
+            fnum = fnum + 1
+
+            relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
+
+            for branch in self.knownBranches.keys():
+
+                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo doesn't end up in qt/4.2
+                if relPath.startswith(branch + "/"):
+                    if branch not in branches:
+                        branches[branch] = []
+                    branches[branch].append(file)
+                    break
+
+        return branches
+
+    # output one file from the P4 stream
+    # - helper for streamP4Files
+
+    def streamOneP4File(self, file, contents):
+	if file["type"] == "apple":
+	    print "\nfile %s is a strange apple file that forks. Ignoring" % \
+		file['depotFile']
+	    return
+
+        relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['depotFile'], self.branchPrefixes)
+        if verbose:
+            sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % relPath)
+
+        mode = "644"
+        if isP4Exec(file["type"]):
+            mode = "755"
+        elif file["type"] == "symlink":
+            mode = "120000"
+            # p4 print on a symlink contains "target\n", so strip it off
+            last = contents.pop()
+            last = last[:-1]
+            contents.append(last)
+
+        if self.isWindows and file["type"].endswith("text"):
+            mangled = []
+            for data in contents:
+                data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+                mangled.append(data)
+            contents = mangled
+
+        if file['type'] in ('text+ko', 'unicode+ko', 'binary+ko'):
+            contents = map(lambda text: re.sub(r'(?i)\$(Id|Header):[^$]*\$',r'$\1$', text), contents)
+        elif file['type'] in ('text+k', 'ktext', 'kxtext', 'unicode+k', 'binary+k'):
+            contents = map(lambda text: re.sub(r'\$(Id|Header|Author|Date|DateTime|Change|File|Revision):[^$\n]*\$',r'$\1$', text), contents)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("M %s inline %s\n" % (mode, relPath))
+
+        # total length...
+        length = 0
+        for d in contents:
+            length = length + len(d)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("data %d\n" % length)
+        for d in contents:
+            self.gitStream.write(d)
+        self.gitStream.write("\n")
+
+    def streamOneP4Deletion(self, file):
+        relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['path'], self.branchPrefixes)
+        if verbose:
+            sys.stderr.write("delete %s\n" % relPath)
+        self.gitStream.write("D %s\n" % relPath)
+
+    # handle another chunk of streaming data
+    def streamP4FilesCb(self, marshalled):
+
+	if marshalled.has_key('depotFile') and self.stream_have_file_info:
+	    # start of a new file - output the old one first
+	    self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
+	    self.stream_file = {}
+	    self.stream_contents = []
+	    self.stream_have_file_info = False
+
+	# pick up the new file information... for the
+	# 'data' field we need to append to our array
+	for k in marshalled.keys():
+	    if k == 'data':
+		self.stream_contents.append(marshalled['data'])
+	    else:
+		self.stream_file[k] = marshalled[k]
+
+	self.stream_have_file_info = True
+
+    # Stream directly from "p4 files" into "git fast-import"
+    def streamP4Files(self, files):
+        filesForCommit = []
+        filesToRead = []
+        filesToDelete = []
+
+        for f in files:
+            includeFile = True
+            for val in self.clientSpecDirs:
+                if f['path'].startswith(val[0]):
+                    if val[1] <= 0:
+                        includeFile = False
+                    break
+
+            if includeFile:
+                filesForCommit.append(f)
+                if f['action'] not in ('delete', 'move/delete', 'purge'):
+                    filesToRead.append(f)
+                else:
+                    filesToDelete.append(f)
+
+        # deleted files...
+        for f in filesToDelete:
+            self.streamOneP4Deletion(f)
+
+        if len(filesToRead) > 0:
+            self.stream_file = {}
+            self.stream_contents = []
+            self.stream_have_file_info = False
+
+	    # curry self argument
+	    def streamP4FilesCbSelf(entry):
+		self.streamP4FilesCb(entry)
+
+	    p4CmdList("-x - print",
+		'\n'.join(['%s#%s' % (f['path'], f['rev'])
+                                                  for f in filesToRead]),
+	        cb=streamP4FilesCbSelf)
+
+            # do the last chunk
+            if self.stream_file.has_key('depotFile'):
+                self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
+
+    def commit(self, details, files, branch, branchPrefixes, parent = ""):
+        epoch = details["time"]
+        author = details["user"]
+	self.branchPrefixes = branchPrefixes
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "commit into %s" % branch
+
+        # start with reading files; if that fails, we should not
+        # create a commit.
+        new_files = []
+        for f in files:
+            if [p for p in branchPrefixes if f['path'].startswith(p)]:
+                new_files.append (f)
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write("Ignoring file outside of prefix: %s\n" % path)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("commit %s\n" % branch)
+#        gitStream.write("mark :%s\n" % details["change"])
+        self.committedChanges.add(int(details["change"]))
+        committer = ""
+        if author not in self.users:
+            self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
+        if author in self.users:
+            committer = "%s %s %s" % (self.users[author], epoch, self.tz)
+        else:
+            committer = "%s <a@b> %s %s" % (author, epoch, self.tz)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("committer %s\n" % committer)
+
+        self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
+        self.gitStream.write(details["desc"])
+        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s"
+                             % (','.join (branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
+        if len(details['options']) > 0:
+            self.gitStream.write(": options = %s" % details['options'])
+        self.gitStream.write("]\nEOT\n\n")
+
+        if len(parent) > 0:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "parent %s" % parent
+            self.gitStream.write("from %s\n" % parent)
+
+        self.streamP4Files(new_files)
+        self.gitStream.write("\n")
+
+        change = int(details["change"])
+
+        if self.labels.has_key(change):
+            label = self.labels[change]
+            labelDetails = label[0]
+            labelRevisions = label[1]
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "Change %s is labelled %s" % (change, labelDetails)
+
+            files = p4CmdList("files " + ' '.join (["%s...@%s" % (p, change)
+                                                    for p in branchPrefixes]))
+
+            if len(files) == len(labelRevisions):
+
+                cleanedFiles = {}
+                for info in files:
+                    if info["action"] in ("delete", "purge"):
+                        continue
+                    cleanedFiles[info["depotFile"]] = info["rev"]
+
+                if cleanedFiles == labelRevisions:
+                    self.gitStream.write("tag tag_%s\n" % labelDetails["label"])
+                    self.gitStream.write("from %s\n" % branch)
+
+                    owner = labelDetails["Owner"]
+                    tagger = ""
+                    if author in self.users:
+                        tagger = "%s %s %s" % (self.users[owner], epoch, self.tz)
+                    else:
+                        tagger = "%s <a@b> %s %s" % (owner, epoch, self.tz)
+                    self.gitStream.write("tagger %s\n" % tagger)
+                    self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
+                    self.gitStream.write(labelDetails["Description"])
+                    self.gitStream.write("EOT\n\n")
+
+                else:
+                    if not self.silent:
+                        print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: files do not match."
+                               % (labelDetails["label"], change))
+
+            else:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: file count is different."
+                           % (labelDetails["label"], change))
+
+    def getUserCacheFilename(self):
+        home = os.environ.get("HOME", os.environ.get("USERPROFILE"))
+        return home + "/.gitp4-usercache.txt"
+
+    def getUserMapFromPerforceServer(self):
+        if self.userMapFromPerforceServer:
+            return
+        self.users = {}
+
+        for output in p4CmdList("users"):
+            if not output.has_key("User"):
+                continue
+            self.users[output["User"]] = output["FullName"] + " <" + output["Email"] + ">"
+
+
+        s = ''
+        for (key, val) in self.users.items():
+	    s += "%s\t%s\n" % (key.expandtabs(1), val.expandtabs(1))
+
+        open(self.getUserCacheFilename(), "wb").write(s)
+        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = True
+
+    def loadUserMapFromCache(self):
+        self.users = {}
+        self.userMapFromPerforceServer = False
+        try:
+            cache = open(self.getUserCacheFilename(), "rb")
+            lines = cache.readlines()
+            cache.close()
+            for line in lines:
+                entry = line.strip().split("\t")
+                self.users[entry[0]] = entry[1]
+        except IOError:
+            self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
+
+    def getLabels(self):
+        self.labels = {}
+
+        l = p4CmdList("labels %s..." % ' '.join (self.depotPaths))
+        if len(l) > 0 and not self.silent:
+            print "Finding files belonging to labels in %s" % `self.depotPaths`
+
+        for output in l:
+            label = output["label"]
+            revisions = {}
+            newestChange = 0
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "Querying files for label %s" % label
+            for file in p4CmdList("files "
+                                  +  ' '.join (["%s...@%s" % (p, label)
+                                                for p in self.depotPaths])):
+                revisions[file["depotFile"]] = file["rev"]
+                change = int(file["change"])
+                if change > newestChange:
+                    newestChange = change
+
+            self.labels[newestChange] = [output, revisions]
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "Label changes: %s" % self.labels.keys()
+
+    def guessProjectName(self):
+        for p in self.depotPaths:
+            if p.endswith("/"):
+                p = p[:-1]
+            p = p[p.strip().rfind("/") + 1:]
+            if not p.endswith("/"):
+               p += "/"
+            return p
+
+    def getBranchMapping(self):
+        lostAndFoundBranches = set()
+
+        for info in p4CmdList("branches"):
+            details = p4Cmd("branch -o %s" % info["branch"])
+            viewIdx = 0
+            while details.has_key("View%s" % viewIdx):
+                paths = details["View%s" % viewIdx].split(" ")
+                viewIdx = viewIdx + 1
+                # require standard //depot/foo/... //depot/bar/... mapping
+                if len(paths) != 2 or not paths[0].endswith("/...") or not paths[1].endswith("/..."):
+                    continue
+                source = paths[0]
+                destination = paths[1]
+                ## HACK
+                if source.startswith(self.depotPaths[0]) and destination.startswith(self.depotPaths[0]):
+                    source = source[len(self.depotPaths[0]):-4]
+                    destination = destination[len(self.depotPaths[0]):-4]
+
+                    if destination in self.knownBranches:
+                        if not self.silent:
+                            print "p4 branch %s defines a mapping from %s to %s" % (info["branch"], source, destination)
+                            print "but there exists another mapping from %s to %s already!" % (self.knownBranches[destination], destination)
+                        continue
+
+                    self.knownBranches[destination] = source
+
+                    lostAndFoundBranches.discard(destination)
+
+                    if source not in self.knownBranches:
+                        lostAndFoundBranches.add(source)
+
+
+        for branch in lostAndFoundBranches:
+            self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
+
+    def getBranchMappingFromGitBranches(self):
+        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+        for branch in branches.keys():
+            if branch == "master":
+                branch = "main"
+            else:
+                branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
+            self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
+
+    def listExistingP4GitBranches(self):
+        # branches holds mapping from name to commit
+        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+        self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
+        for branch in branches.keys():
+            self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = branches[branch]
+
+    def updateOptionDict(self, d):
+        option_keys = {}
+        if self.keepRepoPath:
+            option_keys['keepRepoPath'] = 1
+
+        d["options"] = ' '.join(sorted(option_keys.keys()))
+
+    def readOptions(self, d):
+        self.keepRepoPath = (d.has_key('options')
+                             and ('keepRepoPath' in d['options']))
+
+    def gitRefForBranch(self, branch):
+        if branch == "main":
+            return self.refPrefix + "master"
+
+        if len(branch) <= 0:
+            return branch
+
+        return self.refPrefix + self.projectName + branch
+
+    def gitCommitByP4Change(self, ref, change):
+        if self.verbose:
+            print "looking in ref " + ref + " for change %s using bisect..." % change
+
+        earliestCommit = ""
+        latestCommit = parseRevision(ref)
+
+        while True:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "trying: earliest %s latest %s" % (earliestCommit, latestCommit)
+            next = read_pipe("git rev-list --bisect %s %s" % (latestCommit, earliestCommit)).strip()
+            if len(next) == 0:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "argh"
+                return ""
+            log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(next)
+            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+            currentChange = int(settings['change'])
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "current change %s" % currentChange
+
+            if currentChange == change:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "found %s" % next
+                return next
+
+            if currentChange < change:
+                earliestCommit = "^%s" % next
+            else:
+                latestCommit = "%s" % next
+
+        return ""
+
+    def importNewBranch(self, branch, maxChange):
+        # make fast-import flush all changes to disk and update the refs using the checkpoint
+        # command so that we can try to find the branch parent in the git history
+        self.gitStream.write("checkpoint\n\n");
+        self.gitStream.flush();
+        branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
+        range = "@1,%s" % maxChange
+        #print "prefix" + branchPrefix
+        changes = p4ChangesForPaths([branchPrefix], range)
+        if len(changes) <= 0:
+            return False
+        firstChange = changes[0]
+        #print "first change in branch: %s" % firstChange
+        sourceBranch = self.knownBranches[branch]
+        sourceDepotPath = self.depotPaths[0] + sourceBranch
+        sourceRef = self.gitRefForBranch(sourceBranch)
+        #print "source " + sourceBranch
+
+        branchParentChange = int(p4Cmd("changes -m 1 %s...@1,%s" % (sourceDepotPath, firstChange))["change"])
+        #print "branch parent: %s" % branchParentChange
+        gitParent = self.gitCommitByP4Change(sourceRef, branchParentChange)
+        if len(gitParent) > 0:
+            self.initialParents[self.gitRefForBranch(branch)] = gitParent
+            #print "parent git commit: %s" % gitParent
+
+        self.importChanges(changes)
+        return True
+
+    def importChanges(self, changes):
+        cnt = 1
+        for change in changes:
+            description = p4Cmd("describe %s" % change)
+            self.updateOptionDict(description)
+
+            if not self.silent:
+                sys.stdout.write("\rImporting revision %s (%s%%)" % (change, cnt * 100 / len(changes)))
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+            cnt = cnt + 1
+
+            try:
+                if self.detectBranches:
+                    branches = self.splitFilesIntoBranches(description)
+                    for branch in branches.keys():
+                        ## HACK  --hwn
+                        branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
+
+                        parent = ""
+
+                        filesForCommit = branches[branch]
+
+                        if self.verbose:
+                            print "branch is %s" % branch
+
+                        self.updatedBranches.add(branch)
+
+                        if branch not in self.createdBranches:
+                            self.createdBranches.add(branch)
+                            parent = self.knownBranches[branch]
+                            if parent == branch:
+                                parent = ""
+                            else:
+                                fullBranch = self.projectName + branch
+                                if fullBranch not in self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                                    if not self.silent:
+                                        print("\n    Importing new branch %s" % fullBranch);
+                                    if self.importNewBranch(branch, change - 1):
+                                        parent = ""
+                                        self.p4BranchesInGit.append(fullBranch)
+                                    if not self.silent:
+                                        print("\n    Resuming with change %s" % change);
+
+                                if self.verbose:
+                                    print "parent determined through known branches: %s" % parent
+
+                        branch = self.gitRefForBranch(branch)
+                        parent = self.gitRefForBranch(parent)
+
+                        if self.verbose:
+                            print "looking for initial parent for %s; current parent is %s" % (branch, parent)
+
+                        if len(parent) == 0 and branch in self.initialParents:
+                            parent = self.initialParents[branch]
+                            del self.initialParents[branch]
+
+                        self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, [branchPrefix], parent)
+                else:
+                    files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
+                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch, self.depotPaths,
+                                self.initialParent)
+                    self.initialParent = ""
+            except IOError:
+                print self.gitError.read()
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    def importHeadRevision(self, revision):
+        print "Doing initial import of %s from revision %s into %s" % (' '.join(self.depotPaths), revision, self.branch)
+
+        details = { "user" : "git perforce import user", "time" : int(time.time()) }
+        details["desc"] = ("Initial import of %s from the state at revision %s"
+                           % (' '.join(self.depotPaths), revision))
+        details["change"] = revision
+        newestRevision = 0
+
+        fileCnt = 0
+        for info in p4CmdList("files "
+                              +  ' '.join(["%s...%s"
+                                           % (p, revision)
+                                           for p in self.depotPaths])):
+
+            if info['code'] == 'error':
+                sys.stderr.write("p4 returned an error: %s\n"
+                                 % info['data'])
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+
+            change = int(info["change"])
+            if change > newestRevision:
+                newestRevision = change
+
+            if info["action"] in ("delete", "purge"):
+                # don't increase the file cnt, otherwise details["depotFile123"] will have gaps!
+                #fileCnt = fileCnt + 1
+                continue
+
+            for prop in ["depotFile", "rev", "action", "type" ]:
+                details["%s%s" % (prop, fileCnt)] = info[prop]
+
+            fileCnt = fileCnt + 1
+
+        details["change"] = newestRevision
+        self.updateOptionDict(details)
+        try:
+            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch, self.depotPaths)
+        except IOError:
+            print "IO error with git fast-import. Is your git version recent enough?"
+            print self.gitError.read()
+
+
+    def getClientSpec(self):
+        specList = p4CmdList( "client -o" )
+        temp = {}
+        for entry in specList:
+            for k,v in entry.iteritems():
+                if k.startswith("View"):
+                    if v.startswith('"'):
+                        start = 1
+                    else:
+                        start = 0
+                    index = v.find("...")
+                    v = v[start:index]
+                    if v.startswith("-"):
+                        v = v[1:]
+                        temp[v] = -len(v)
+                    else:
+                        temp[v] = len(v)
+        self.clientSpecDirs = temp.items()
+        self.clientSpecDirs.sort( lambda x, y: abs( y[1] ) - abs( x[1] ) )
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        self.depotPaths = []
+        self.changeRange = ""
+        self.initialParent = ""
+        self.previousDepotPaths = []
+
+        # map from branch depot path to parent branch
+        self.knownBranches = {}
+        self.initialParents = {}
+        self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
+        if not self.syncWithOrigin:
+            self.hasOrigin = False
+
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
+        else:
+            self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
+
+        if self.syncWithOrigin and self.hasOrigin:
+            if not self.silent:
+                print "Syncing with origin first by calling git fetch origin"
+            system("git fetch origin")
+
+        if len(self.branch) == 0:
+            self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
+            if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
+                system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
+                system("git branch -D p4");
+            # create it /after/ importing, when master exists
+            if not gitBranchExists(self.refPrefix + "HEAD") and self.importIntoRemotes and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+                system("git symbolic-ref %sHEAD %s" % (self.refPrefix, self.branch))
+
+        if self.useClientSpec or gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec") == "true":
+            self.getClientSpec()
+
+        # TODO: should always look at previous commits,
+        # merge with previous imports, if possible.
+        if args == []:
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
+            self.listExistingP4GitBranches()
+
+            if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
+                self.detectBranches = True
+
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
+
+            p4Change = 0
+            for branch in self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                logMsg =  extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(self.refPrefix + branch)
+
+                settings = extractSettingsGitLog(logMsg)
+
+                self.readOptions(settings)
+                if (settings.has_key('depot-paths')
+                    and settings.has_key ('change')):
+                    change = int(settings['change']) + 1
+                    p4Change = max(p4Change, change)
+
+                    depotPaths = sorted(settings['depot-paths'])
+                    if self.previousDepotPaths == []:
+                        self.previousDepotPaths = depotPaths
+                    else:
+                        paths = []
+                        for (prev, cur) in zip(self.previousDepotPaths, depotPaths):
+                            for i in range(0, min(len(cur), len(prev))):
+                                if cur[i] <> prev[i]:
+                                    i = i - 1
+                                    break
+
+                            paths.append (cur[:i + 1])
+
+                        self.previousDepotPaths = paths
+
+            if p4Change > 0:
+                self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
+                self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
+                if not self.detectBranches:
+                    self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
+                if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
+                    print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
+
+        if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
+            self.branch = "refs/heads/" + self.branch
+
+        if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
+            if not self.silent:
+                print "Depot paths: %s" % ' '.join(self.depotPaths)
+        else:
+            if self.depotPaths and self.depotPaths != args:
+                print ("previous import used depot path %s and now %s was specified. "
+                       "This doesn't work!" % (' '.join (self.depotPaths),
+                                               ' '.join (args)))
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            self.depotPaths = sorted(args)
+
+        revision = ""
+        self.users = {}
+
+        newPaths = []
+        for p in self.depotPaths:
+            if p.find("@") != -1:
+                atIdx = p.index("@")
+                self.changeRange = p[atIdx:]
+                if self.changeRange == "@all":
+                    self.changeRange = ""
+                elif ',' not in self.changeRange:
+                    revision = self.changeRange
+                    self.changeRange = ""
+                p = p[:atIdx]
+            elif p.find("#") != -1:
+                hashIdx = p.index("#")
+                revision = p[hashIdx:]
+                p = p[:hashIdx]
+            elif self.previousDepotPaths == []:
+                revision = "#head"
+
+            p = re.sub ("\.\.\.$", "", p)
+            if not p.endswith("/"):
+                p += "/"
+
+            newPaths.append(p)
+
+        self.depotPaths = newPaths
+
+
+        self.loadUserMapFromCache()
+        self.labels = {}
+        if self.detectLabels:
+            self.getLabels();
+
+        if self.detectBranches:
+            ## FIXME - what's a P4 projectName ?
+            self.projectName = self.guessProjectName()
+
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                self.getBranchMappingFromGitBranches()
+            else:
+                self.getBranchMapping()
+            if self.verbose:
+                print "p4-git branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
+                print "initial parents: %s" % self.initialParents
+            for b in self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                if b != "master":
+
+                    ## FIXME
+                    b = b[len(self.projectName):]
+                self.createdBranches.add(b)
+
+        self.tz = "%+03d%02d" % (- time.timezone / 3600, ((- time.timezone % 3600) / 60))
+
+        importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
+                                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
+        self.gitOutput = importProcess.stdout
+        self.gitStream = importProcess.stdin
+        self.gitError = importProcess.stderr
+
+        if revision:
+            self.importHeadRevision(revision)
+        else:
+            changes = []
+
+            if len(self.changesFile) > 0:
+                output = open(self.changesFile).readlines()
+                changeSet = set()
+                for line in output:
+                    changeSet.add(int(line))
+
+                for change in changeSet:
+                    changes.append(change)
+
+                changes.sort()
+            else:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
+                                                              self.changeRange)
+                changes = p4ChangesForPaths(self.depotPaths, self.changeRange)
+
+                if len(self.maxChanges) > 0:
+                    changes = changes[:min(int(self.maxChanges), len(changes))]
+
+            if len(changes) == 0:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print "No changes to import!"
+                return True
+
+            if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
+                print "Import destination: %s" % self.branch
+
+            self.updatedBranches = set()
+
+            self.importChanges(changes)
+
+            if not self.silent:
+                print ""
+                if len(self.updatedBranches) > 0:
+                    sys.stdout.write("Updated branches: ")
+                    for b in self.updatedBranches:
+                        sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
+                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+
+        self.gitStream.close()
+        if importProcess.wait() != 0:
+            die("fast-import failed: %s" % self.gitError.read())
+        self.gitOutput.close()
+        self.gitError.close()
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Rebase(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [ ]
+        self.description = ("Fetches the latest revision from perforce and "
+                            + "rebases the current work (branch) against it")
+        self.verbose = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        sync = P4Sync()
+        sync.run([])
+
+        return self.rebase()
+
+    def rebase(self):
+        if os.system("git update-index --refresh") != 0:
+            die("Some files in your working directory are modified and different than what is in your index. You can use git update-index <filename> to bring the index up-to-date or stash away all your changes with git stash.");
+        if len(read_pipe("git diff-index HEAD --")) > 0:
+            die("You have uncommited changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
+
+        [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
+        if len(upstream) == 0:
+            die("Cannot find upstream branchpoint for rebase")
+
+        # the branchpoint may be p4/foo~3, so strip off the parent
+        upstream = re.sub("~[0-9]+$", "", upstream)
+
+        print "Rebasing the current branch onto %s" % upstream
+        oldHead = read_pipe("git rev-parse HEAD").strip()
+        system("git rebase %s" % upstream)
+        system("git diff-tree --stat --summary -M %s HEAD" % oldHead)
+        return True
+
+class P4Clone(P4Sync):
+    def __init__(self):
+        P4Sync.__init__(self)
+        self.description = "Creates a new git repository and imports from Perforce into it"
+        self.usage = "usage: %prog [options] //depot/path[@revRange]"
+        self.options += [
+            optparse.make_option("--destination", dest="cloneDestination",
+                                 action='store', default=None,
+                                 help="where to leave result of the clone"),
+            optparse.make_option("-/", dest="cloneExclude",
+                                 action="append", type="string",
+                                 help="exclude depot path")
+        ]
+        self.cloneDestination = None
+        self.needsGit = False
+
+    # This is required for the "append" cloneExclude action
+    def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
+        if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return getattr(self, attr)
+
+    def defaultDestination(self, args):
+        ## TODO: use common prefix of args?
+        depotPath = args[0]
+        depotDir = re.sub("(@[^@]*)$", "", depotPath)
+        depotDir = re.sub("(#[^#]*)$", "", depotDir)
+        depotDir = re.sub(r"\.\.\.$", "", depotDir)
+        depotDir = re.sub(r"/$", "", depotDir)
+        return os.path.split(depotDir)[1]
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if len(args) < 1:
+            return False
+
+        if self.keepRepoPath and not self.cloneDestination:
+            sys.stderr.write("Must specify destination for --keep-path\n")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        depotPaths = args
+
+        if not self.cloneDestination and len(depotPaths) > 1:
+            self.cloneDestination = depotPaths[-1]
+            depotPaths = depotPaths[:-1]
+
+        self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
+        for p in depotPaths:
+            if not p.startswith("//"):
+                return False
+
+        if not self.cloneDestination:
+            self.cloneDestination = self.defaultDestination(args)
+
+        print "Importing from %s into %s" % (', '.join(depotPaths), self.cloneDestination)
+        if not os.path.exists(self.cloneDestination):
+            os.makedirs(self.cloneDestination)
+        chdir(self.cloneDestination)
+        system("git init")
+        self.gitdir = os.getcwd() + "/.git"
+        if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
+            return False
+        if self.branch != "master":
+            if self.importIntoRemotes:
+                masterbranch = "refs/remotes/p4/master"
+            else:
+                masterbranch = "refs/heads/p4/master"
+            if gitBranchExists(masterbranch):
+                system("git branch master %s" % masterbranch)
+                system("git checkout -f")
+            else:
+                print "Could not detect main branch. No checkout/master branch created."
+
+        return True
+
+class P4Branches(Command):
+    def __init__(self):
+        Command.__init__(self)
+        self.options = [ ]
+        self.description = ("Shows the git branches that hold imports and their "
+                            + "corresponding perforce depot paths")
+        self.verbose = False
+
+    def run(self, args):
+        if originP4BranchesExist():
+            createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin()
+
+        cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
+        cmdline += " --remotes"
+
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
+            line = line.strip()
+
+            if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+                continue
+            branch = line
+
+            log = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit("refs/remotes/%s" % branch)
+            settings = extractSettingsGitLog(log)
+
+            print "%s <= %s (%s)" % (branch, ",".join(settings["depot-paths"]), settings["change"])
+        return True
+
+class HelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
+    def __init__(self):
+        optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter.__init__(self)
+
+    def format_description(self, description):
+        if description:
+            return description + "\n"
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+def printUsage(commands):
+    print "usage: %s <command> [options]" % sys.argv[0]
+    print ""
+    print "valid commands: %s" % ", ".join(commands)
+    print ""
+    print "Try %s <command> --help for command specific help." % sys.argv[0]
+    print ""
+
+commands = {
+    "debug" : P4Debug,
+    "submit" : P4Submit,
+    "commit" : P4Submit,
+    "sync" : P4Sync,
+    "rebase" : P4Rebase,
+    "clone" : P4Clone,
+    "rollback" : P4RollBack,
+    "branches" : P4Branches
+}
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv[1:]) == 0:
+        printUsage(commands.keys())
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    cmd = ""
+    cmdName = sys.argv[1]
+    try:
+        klass = commands[cmdName]
+        cmd = klass()
+    except KeyError:
+        print "unknown command %s" % cmdName
+        print ""
+        printUsage(commands.keys())
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    options = cmd.options
+    cmd.gitdir = os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", None)
+
+    args = sys.argv[2:]
+
+    if len(options) > 0:
+        options.append(optparse.make_option("--git-dir", dest="gitdir"))
+
+        parser = optparse.OptionParser(cmd.usage.replace("%prog", "%prog " + cmdName),
+                                       options,
+                                       description = cmd.description,
+                                       formatter = HelpFormatter())
+
+        (cmd, args) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[2:], cmd);
+    global verbose
+    verbose = cmd.verbose
+    if cmd.needsGit:
+        if cmd.gitdir == None:
+            cmd.gitdir = os.path.abspath(".git")
+            if not isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir):
+                cmd.gitdir = read_pipe("git rev-parse --git-dir").strip()
+                if os.path.exists(cmd.gitdir):
+                    cdup = read_pipe("git rev-parse --show-cdup").strip()
+                    if len(cdup) > 0:
+                        chdir(cdup);
+
+        if not isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir):
+            if isValidGitDir(cmd.gitdir + "/.git"):
+                cmd.gitdir += "/.git"
+            else:
+                die("fatal: cannot locate git repository at %s" % cmd.gitdir)
+
+        os.environ["GIT_DIR"] = cmd.gitdir
+
+    if not cmd.run(args):
+        parser.print_help()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f97e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@python "%~d0%~p0git-p4" %*
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.txt b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49b3359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+git-p4 - Perforce <-> Git converter using git-fast-import
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+git-p4 can be used in two different ways:
+
+1) To import changes from Perforce to a Git repository, using "git-p4 sync".
+
+2) To submit changes from Git back to Perforce, using "git-p4 submit".
+
+Importing
+=========
+
+Simply start with
+
+  git-p4 clone //depot/path/project
+
+or
+
+  git-p4 clone //depot/path/project myproject
+
+This will:
+
+1) Create an empty git repository in a subdirectory called "project" (or
+"myproject" with the second command)
+
+2) Import the head revision from the given Perforce path into a git branch
+called "p4" (remotes/p4 actually)
+
+3) Create a master branch based on it and check it out.
+
+If you want the entire history (not just the head revision) then you can simply
+append a "@all" to the depot path:
+
+  git-p4 clone //depot/project/main@all myproject
+
+
+
+If you want more control you can also use the git-p4 sync command directly:
+
+  mkdir repo-git
+  cd repo-git
+  git init
+  git-p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
+
+This will import the current head revision of the specified depot path into a
+"remotes/p4/master" branch of your git repository. You can use the
+--branch=mybranch option to import into a different branch.
+
+If you want to import the entire history of a given depot path simply use:
+
+  git-p4 sync //path/in/depot@all
+
+
+Note:
+
+To achieve optimal compression you may want to run 'git repack -a -d -f' after
+a big import. This may take a while.
+
+Incremental Imports
+===================
+
+After an initial import you can continue to synchronize your git repository
+with newer changes from the Perforce depot by just calling
+
+  git-p4 sync
+
+in your git repository. By default the "remotes/p4/master" branch is updated.
+
+Advanced Setup
+==============
+
+Suppose you have a periodically updated git repository somewhere, containing a
+complete import of a Perforce project. This repository can be cloned and used
+with git-p4. When updating the cloned repository with the "sync" command,
+git-p4 will try to fetch changes from the original repository first. The git
+protocol used with this is usually faster than importing from Perforce
+directly.
+
+This behaviour can be disabled by setting the "git-p4.syncFromOrigin" git
+configuration variable to "false".
+
+Updating
+========
+
+A common working pattern is to fetch the latest changes from the Perforce depot
+and merge them with local uncommitted changes. The recommended way is to use
+git's rebase mechanism to preserve linear history. git-p4 provides a convenient
+
+  git-p4 rebase
+
+command that calls git-p4 sync followed by git rebase to rebase the current
+working branch.
+
+Submitting
+==========
+
+git-p4 has support for submitting changes from a git repository back to the
+Perforce depot. This requires a Perforce checkout separate from your git
+repository. To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
+the "p4" branch (or "origin" if "p4" doesn't exist) simply call
+
+    git-p4 submit
+
+in your git repository. If you want to submit changes in a specific branch that
+is not your current git branch you can also pass that as an argument:
+
+    git-p4 submit mytopicbranch
+
+You can override the reference branch with the --origin=mysourcebranch option.
+
+If a submit fails you may have to "p4 resolve" and submit manually. You can
+continue importing the remaining changes with
+
+  git-p4 submit --continue
+
+Example
+=======
+
+# Clone a repository
+  git-p4 clone //depot/path/project
+# Enter the newly cloned directory
+  cd project
+# Do some work...
+  vi foo.h
+# ... and commit locally to gi
+  git commit foo.h
+# In the meantime somebody submitted changes to the Perforce depot. Rebase your latest
+# changes against the latest changes in Perforce:
+  git-p4 rebase
+# Submit your locally committed changes back to Perforce
+  git-p4 submit
+# ... and synchronize with Perforce
+  git-p4 rebase
+
+
+Configuration parameters
+========================
+
+git-p4.user ($P4USER)
+
+Allows you to specify the username to use to connect to the Perforce repository.
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.user public
+
+git-p4.password ($P4PASS)
+
+Allows you to specify the password to use to connect to the Perforce repository.
+Warning this password will be visible on the command-line invocation of the p4 binary.
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.password public1234
+
+git-p4.port ($P4PORT)
+
+Specify the port to be used to contact the Perforce server. As this will be passed
+directly to the p4 binary, it may be in the format host:port as well.
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.port codes.zimbra.com:2666
+
+git-p4.host ($P4HOST)
+
+Specify the host to contact for a Perforce repository.
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.host perforce.example.com
+
+git-p4.client ($P4CLIENT)
+
+Specify the client name to use
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.client public-view
+
+git-p4.allowSubmit
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.allowSubmit false
+
+git-p4.syncFromOrigin
+
+A useful setup may be that you have a periodically updated git repository
+somewhere that contains a complete import of a Perforce project. That git
+repository can be used to clone the working repository from and one would
+import from Perforce directly after cloning using git-p4. If the connection to
+the Perforce server is slow and the working repository hasn't been synced for a
+while it may be desirable to fetch changes from the origin git repository using
+the efficient git protocol. git-p4 supports this setup by calling "git fetch origin"
+by default if there is an origin branch. You can disable this using:
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.syncFromOrigin false
+
+git-p4.useclientspec
+
+  git config [--global] git-p4.useclientspec false
+
+Implementation Details...
+=========================
+
+* Changesets from Perforce are imported using git fast-import.
+* The import does not require anything from the Perforce client view as it just uses
+  "p4 print //depot/path/file#revision" to get the actual file contents.
+* Every imported changeset has a special [git-p4...] line at the
+  end of the log message that gives information about the corresponding
+  Perforce change number and is also used by git-p4 itself to find out
+  where to continue importing when doing incremental imports.
+  Basically when syncing it extracts the perforce change number of the
+  latest commit in the "p4" branch and uses "p4 changes //depot/path/...@changenum,#head"
+  to find out which changes need to be imported.
+* git-p4 submit uses "git rev-list" to pick the commits between the "p4" branch
+  and the current branch.
+  The commits themselves are applied using git diff/format-patch ... | git apply
+
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl b/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5782d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+#
+# Copyright 2008-2009 Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+#
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+#
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+import-directories - Import bits and pieces to Git.
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+B<import-directories.perl> F<configfile> F<outputfile>
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+Script to import arbitrary projects version controlled by the "copy the
+source directory to a new location and edit it there"-version controlled
+projects into version control. Handles projects with arbitrary branching
+and version trees, taking a file describing the inputs and generating a
+file compatible with the L<git-fast-import(1)> format.
+
+=head1 CONFIGURATION FILE
+
+=head2 Format
+
+The configuration file is based on the standard I<.ini> format.
+
+ ; Comments start with semi-colons
+ [section]
+ key=value
+
+Please see below for information on how to escape special characters.
+
+=head2 Global configuration
+
+Global configuration is done in the B<[config]> section, which should be
+the first section in the file. Configuration can be changed by
+repeating configuration sections later on.
+
+ [config]
+ ; configure conversion of CRLFs. "convert" means that all CRLFs
+ ; should be converted into LFs (suitable for the core.autocrlf
+ ; setting set to true in Git). "none" means that all data is
+ ; treated as binary.
+ crlf=convert
+
+=head2 Revision configuration
+
+Each revision that is to be imported is described in three
+sections. Revisions should be defined in topological order, so
+that a revision's parent has always been defined when a new revision
+is introduced. All the sections for one revision must be defined
+before defining the next revision.
+
+Each revision is assigned a unique numerical identifier. The
+numbers do not need to be consecutive, nor monotonically
+increasing.
+
+For instance, if your configuration file contains only the two
+revisions 4711 and 42, where 4711 is the initial commit, the
+only requirement is that 4711 is completely defined before 42.
+
+=pod
+
+=head3 Revision description section
+
+A section whose section name is just an integer gives meta-data
+about the revision.
+
+ [3]
+ ; author sets the author of the revisions
+ author=Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+ ; branch sets the branch that the revision should be committed to
+ branch=master
+ ; parent describes the revision that is the parent of this commit
+ ; (optional)
+ parent=1
+ ; merges describes a revision that is merged into this commit
+ ; (optional; can be repeated)
+ merges=2
+ ; selects one file to take the timestamp from
+ ; (optional; if unspecified, the most recent file from the .files
+ ;  section is used)
+ timestamp=3/source.c
+
+=head3 Revision contents section
+
+A section whose section name is an integer followed by B<.files>
+describe all the files included in this revision. If a file that
+was available previously is not included in this revision, it will
+be removed.
+
+If an on-disk revision is incomplete, you can point to files from
+a previous revision. There are no restriction as to where the source
+files are located, nor to the names of them.
+
+ [3.files]
+ ; the key is the path inside the repository, the value is the path
+ ; as seen from the importer script.
+ source.c=ver-3.00/source.c
+ source.h=ver-2.99/source.h
+ readme.txt=ver-3.00/introduction to the project.txt
+
+File names are treated as byte strings (but please see below on
+quoting rules), and should be stored in the configuration file in
+the encoding that should be used in the generated repository.
+
+=head3 Revision commit message section
+
+A section whose section name is an integer followed by B<.message>
+gives the commit message. This section is read verbatim, up until
+the beginning of the next section. As such, a commit message may not
+contain a line that begins with an opening square bracket ("[") and
+ends with a closing square bracket ("]"), unless they are surrounded
+by whitespace or other characters.
+
+ [3.message]
+ Implement foobar.
+ ; trailing blank lines are ignored.
+
+=cut
+
+# Globals
+use strict;
+use integer;
+my $crlfmode = 0;
+my @revs;
+my (%revmap, %message, %files, %author, %branch, %parent, %merges, %time, %timesource);
+my $sectiontype = 0;
+my $rev = 0;
+my $mark = 1;
+
+# Check command line
+if ($#ARGV < 1 || $ARGV[0] =~ /^--?h/)
+{
+    exec('perldoc', $0);
+    exit 1;
+}
+
+# Open configuration
+my $config = $ARGV[0];
+open CFG, '<', $config or die "Cannot open configuration file \"$config\": ";
+
+# Open output
+my $output = $ARGV[1];
+open OUT, '>', $output or die "Cannot create output file \"$output\": ";
+binmode OUT;
+
+LINE: while (my $line = <CFG>)
+{
+	$line =~ s/\r?\n$//;
+	next LINE if $sectiontype != 4 && $line eq '';
+	next LINE if $line =~ /^;/;
+	my $oldsectiontype = $sectiontype;
+	my $oldrev = $rev;
+
+	# Sections
+	if ($line =~ m"^\[(config|(\d+)(|\.files|\.message))\]$")
+	{
+		if ($1 eq 'config')
+		{
+			$sectiontype = 1;
+		}
+		elsif ($3 eq '')
+		{
+			$sectiontype = 2;
+			$rev = $2;
+			# Create a new revision
+			die "Duplicate rev: $line\n " if defined $revmap{$rev};
+			print "Reading revision $rev\n";
+			push @revs, $rev;
+			$revmap{$rev} = $mark ++;
+			$time{$revmap{$rev}} = 0;
+		}
+		elsif ($3 eq '.files')
+		{
+			$sectiontype = 3;
+			$rev = $2;
+			die "Revision mismatch: $line\n " unless $rev == $oldrev;
+		}
+		elsif ($3 eq '.message')
+		{
+			$sectiontype = 4;
+			$rev = $2;
+			die "Revision mismatch: $line\n " unless $rev == $oldrev;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			die "Internal parse error: $line\n ";
+		}
+		next LINE;
+	}
+
+	# Parse data
+	if ($sectiontype != 4)
+	{
+		# Key and value
+		if ($line =~ m"^\s*([^\s].*=.*[^\s])\s*$")
+		{
+			my ($key, $value) = &parsekeyvaluepair($1);
+			# Global configuration
+			if (1 == $sectiontype)
+			{
+				if ($key eq 'crlf')
+				{
+					$crlfmode = 1, next LINE if $value eq 'convert';
+					$crlfmode = 0, next LINE if $value eq 'none';
+				}
+				die "Unknown configuration option: $line\n ";
+			}
+			# Revision specification
+			if (2 == $sectiontype)
+			{
+				my $current = $revmap{$rev};
+				$author{$current} = $value, next LINE if $key eq 'author';
+				$branch{$current} = $value, next LINE if $key eq 'branch';
+				$parent{$current} = $value, next LINE if $key eq 'parent';
+				$timesource{$current} = $value, next LINE if $key eq 'timestamp';
+				push(@{$merges{$current}}, $value), next LINE if $key eq 'merges';
+				die "Unknown revision option: $line\n ";
+			}
+			# Filespecs
+			if (3 == $sectiontype)
+			{
+				# Add the file and create a marker
+				die "File not found: $line\n " unless -f $value;
+				my $current = $revmap{$rev};
+				${$files{$current}}{$key} = $mark;
+				my $time = &fileblob($value, $crlfmode, $mark ++);
+
+				# Update revision timestamp if more recent than other
+				# files seen, or if this is the file we have selected
+				# to take the time stamp from using the "timestamp"
+				# directive.
+				if ((defined $timesource{$current} && $timesource{$current} eq $value)
+				    || $time > $time{$current})
+				{
+					$time{$current} = $time;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			die "Parse error: $line\n ";
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		# Commit message
+		my $current = $revmap{$rev};
+		if (defined $message{$current})
+		{
+			$message{$current} .= "\n";
+		}
+		$message{$current} .= $line;
+	}
+}
+close CFG;
+
+# Start spewing out data for git-fast-import
+foreach my $commit (@revs)
+{
+	# Progress
+	print OUT "progress Creating revision $commit\n";
+
+	# Create commit header
+	my $mark = $revmap{$commit};
+
+	# Branch and commit id
+	print OUT "commit refs/heads/", $branch{$mark}, "\nmark :", $mark, "\n";
+
+	# Author and timestamp
+	die "No timestamp defined for $commit (no files?)\n" unless defined $time{$mark};
+	print OUT "committer ", $author{$mark}, " ", $time{$mark}, " +0100\n";
+
+	# Commit message
+	die "No message defined for $commit\n" unless defined $message{$mark};
+	my $message = $message{$mark};
+	$message =~ s/\n$//; # Kill trailing empty line
+	print OUT "data ", length($message), "\n", $message, "\n";
+
+	# Parent and any merges
+	print OUT "from :", $revmap{$parent{$mark}}, "\n" if defined $parent{$mark};
+	if (defined $merges{$mark})
+	{
+		foreach my $merge (@{$merges{$mark}})
+		{
+			print OUT "merge :", $revmap{$merge}, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	# Output file marks
+	print OUT "deleteall\n"; # start from scratch
+	foreach my $file (sort keys %{$files{$mark}})
+	{
+		print OUT "M 644 :", ${$files{$mark}}{$file}, " $file\n";
+	}
+	print OUT "\n";
+}
+
+# Create one file blob
+sub fileblob
+{
+	my ($filename, $crlfmode, $mark) = @_;
+
+	# Import the file
+	print OUT "progress Importing $filename\nblob\nmark :$mark\n";
+	open FILE, '<', $filename or die "Cannot read $filename\n ";
+	binmode FILE;
+	my ($size, $mtime) = (stat(FILE))[7,9];
+	my $file;
+	read FILE, $file, $size;
+	close FILE;
+	$file =~ s/\r\n/\n/g if $crlfmode;
+	print OUT "data ", length($file), "\n", $file, "\n";
+
+	return $mtime;
+}
+
+# Parse a key=value pair
+sub parsekeyvaluepair
+{
+=pod
+
+=head2 Escaping special characters
+
+Key and value strings may be enclosed in quotes, in which case
+whitespace inside the quotes is preserved. Additionally, an equal
+sign may be included in the key by preceeding it with a backslash.
+For example:
+
+ "key1 "=value1
+ key2=" value2"
+ key\=3=value3
+ key4=value=4
+ "key5""=value5
+
+Here the first key is "key1 " (note the trailing white-space) and the
+second value is " value2" (note the leading white-space). The third
+key contains an equal sign "key=3" and so does the fourth value, which
+does not need to be escaped. The fifth key contains a trailing quote,
+which does not need to be escaped since it is inside a surrounding
+quote.
+
+=cut
+	my $pair = shift;
+
+	# Separate key and value by the first non-quoted equal sign
+	my ($key, $value);
+	if ($pair =~ /^(.*[^\\])=(.*)$/)
+	{
+		($key, $value) = ($1, $2)
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		die "Parse error: $pair\n ";
+	}
+
+	# Unquote and unescape the key and value separately
+	return (&unescape($key), &unescape($value));
+}
+
+# Unquote and unescape
+sub unescape
+{
+	my $string = shift;
+
+	# First remove enclosing quotes. Backslash before the trailing
+	# quote leaves both.
+	if ($string =~ /^"(.*[^\\])"$/)
+	{
+		$string = $1;
+	}
+
+	# Second remove any backslashes inside the unquoted string.
+	# For later: Handle special sequences like \t ?
+	$string =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
+
+	return $string;
+}
+
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 EXAMPLES
+
+B<import-directories.perl> F<project.import>
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2008-2009 Peter Krefting E<lt>peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation.
+
+=cut
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-tars.perl b/contrib/fast-import/import-tars.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..95438e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-tars.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+## tar archive frontend for git-fast-import
+##
+## For example:
+##
+##  mkdir project; cd project; git init
+##  perl import-tars.perl *.tar.bz2
+##  git whatchanged import-tars
+##
+## Use --metainfo to specify the extension for a meta data file, where
+## import-tars can read the commit message and optionally author and
+## committer information.
+##
+##  echo 'This is the commit message' > myfile.tar.bz2.msg
+##  perl import-tars.perl --metainfo=msg myfile.tar.bz2
+
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $metaext = '';
+
+die "usage: import-tars [--metainfo=extension] *.tar.{gz,bz2,lzma,xz,Z}\n"
+	unless GetOptions('metainfo=s' => \$metaext) && @ARGV;
+
+my $branch_name = 'import-tars';
+my $branch_ref = "refs/heads/$branch_name";
+my $author_name = $ENV{'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'} || 'T Ar Creator';
+my $author_email = $ENV{'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'} || 'tar@example.com';
+my $committer_name = $ENV{'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'} || `git config --get user.name`;
+my $committer_email = $ENV{'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'} || `git config --get user.email`;
+
+chomp($committer_name, $committer_email);
+
+open(FI, '|-', 'git', 'fast-import', '--quiet')
+	or die "Unable to start git fast-import: $!\n";
+foreach my $tar_file (@ARGV)
+{
+	my $commit_time = time;
+	$tar_file =~ m,([^/]+)$,;
+	my $tar_name = $1;
+
+	if ($tar_name =~ s/\.(tar\.gz|tgz)$//) {
+		open(I, '-|', 'gunzip', '-c', $tar_file)
+			or die "Unable to gunzip -c $tar_file: $!\n";
+	} elsif ($tar_name =~ s/\.(tar\.bz2|tbz2)$//) {
+		open(I, '-|', 'bunzip2', '-c', $tar_file)
+			or die "Unable to bunzip2 -c $tar_file: $!\n";
+	} elsif ($tar_name =~ s/\.tar\.Z$//) {
+		open(I, '-|', 'uncompress', '-c', $tar_file)
+			or die "Unable to uncompress -c $tar_file: $!\n";
+	} elsif ($tar_name =~ s/\.(tar\.(lzma|xz)|(tlz|txz))$//) {
+		open(I, '-|', 'xz', '-dc', $tar_file)
+			or die "Unable to xz -dc $tar_file: $!\n";
+	} elsif ($tar_name =~ s/\.tar$//) {
+		open(I, $tar_file) or die "Unable to open $tar_file: $!\n";
+	} else {
+		die "Unrecognized compression format: $tar_file\n";
+	}
+
+	my $author_time = 0;
+	my $next_mark = 1;
+	my $have_top_dir = 1;
+	my ($top_dir, %files);
+
+	while (read(I, $_, 512) == 512) {
+		my ($name, $mode, $uid, $gid, $size, $mtime,
+			$chksum, $typeflag, $linkname, $magic,
+			$version, $uname, $gname, $devmajor, $devminor,
+			$prefix) = unpack 'Z100 Z8 Z8 Z8 Z12 Z12
+			Z8 Z1 Z100 Z6
+			Z2 Z32 Z32 Z8 Z8 Z*', $_;
+		last unless length($name);
+		if ($name eq '././@LongLink') {
+			# GNU tar extension
+			if (read(I, $_, 512) != 512) {
+				die ('Short archive');
+			}
+			$name = unpack 'Z257', $_;
+			next unless $name;
+
+			my $dummy;
+			if (read(I, $_, 512) != 512) {
+				die ('Short archive');
+			}
+			($dummy, $mode, $uid, $gid, $size, $mtime,
+			$chksum, $typeflag, $linkname, $magic,
+			$version, $uname, $gname, $devmajor, $devminor,
+			$prefix) = unpack 'Z100 Z8 Z8 Z8 Z12 Z12
+			Z8 Z1 Z100 Z6
+			Z2 Z32 Z32 Z8 Z8 Z*', $_;
+		}
+		next if $name =~ m{/\z};
+		$mode = oct $mode;
+		$size = oct $size;
+		$mtime = oct $mtime;
+		next if $typeflag == 5; # directory
+
+		print FI "blob\n", "mark :$next_mark\n";
+		if ($typeflag == 2) { # symbolic link
+			print FI "data ", length($linkname), "\n", $linkname;
+			$mode = 0120000;
+		} else {
+			print FI "data $size\n";
+			while ($size > 0 && read(I, $_, 512) == 512) {
+				print FI substr($_, 0, $size);
+				$size -= 512;
+			}
+		}
+		print FI "\n";
+
+		my $path;
+		if ($prefix) {
+			$path = "$prefix/$name";
+		} else {
+			$path = "$name";
+		}
+		$files{$path} = [$next_mark++, $mode];
+
+		$author_time = $mtime if $mtime > $author_time;
+		$path =~ m,^([^/]+)/,;
+		$top_dir = $1 unless $top_dir;
+		$have_top_dir = 0 if $top_dir ne $1;
+	}
+
+	my $commit_msg = "Imported from $tar_file.";
+	my $this_committer_name = $committer_name;
+	my $this_committer_email = $committer_email;
+	my $this_author_name = $author_name;
+	my $this_author_email = $author_email;
+	if ($metaext ne '') {
+		# Optionally read a commit message from <filename.tar>.msg
+		# Add a line on the form "Committer: name <e-mail>" to override
+		# the committer and "Author: name <e-mail>" to override the
+		# author for this tar ball.
+		if (open MSG, '<', "${tar_file}.${metaext}") {
+			my $header_done = 0;
+			$commit_msg = '';
+			while (<MSG>) {
+				if (!$header_done && /^Committer:\s+([^<>]*)\s+<(.*)>\s*$/i) {
+					$this_committer_name = $1;
+					$this_committer_email = $2;
+				} elsif (!$header_done && /^Author:\s+([^<>]*)\s+<(.*)>\s*$/i) {
+					$this_author_name = $1;
+					$this_author_email = $2;
+				} elsif (!$header_done && /^$/) { # empty line ends header.
+					$header_done = 1;
+				} else {
+					$commit_msg .= $_;
+					$header_done = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			close MSG;
+		}
+	}
+
+	print FI <<EOF;
+commit $branch_ref
+author $this_author_name <$this_author_email> $author_time +0000
+committer $this_committer_name <$this_committer_email> $commit_time +0000
+data <<END_OF_COMMIT_MESSAGE
+$commit_msg
+END_OF_COMMIT_MESSAGE
+
+deleteall
+EOF
+
+	foreach my $path (keys %files)
+	{
+		my ($mark, $mode) = @{$files{$path}};
+		$path =~ s,^([^/]+)/,, if $have_top_dir;
+		$mode = $mode & 0111 ? 0755 : 0644 unless $mode == 0120000;
+		printf FI "M %o :%i %s\n", $mode, $mark, $path;
+	}
+	print FI "\n";
+
+	print FI <<EOF;
+tag $tar_name
+from $branch_ref
+tagger $author_name <$author_email> $author_time +0000
+data <<END_OF_TAG_MESSAGE
+Package $tar_name
+END_OF_TAG_MESSAGE
+
+EOF
+
+	close I;
+}
+close FI;
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7051a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+## zip archive frontend for git-fast-import
+##
+## For example:
+##
+##  mkdir project; cd project; git init
+##  python import-zips.py *.zip
+##  git log --stat import-zips
+
+from os import popen, path
+from sys import argv, exit
+from time import mktime
+from zipfile import ZipFile
+
+if len(argv) < 2:
+	print 'Usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
+	exit(1)
+
+branch_ref = 'refs/heads/import-zips'
+committer_name = 'Z Ip Creator'
+committer_email = 'zip@example.com'
+
+fast_import = popen('git fast-import --quiet', 'w')
+def printlines(list):
+	for str in list:
+		fast_import.write(str + "\n")
+
+for zipfile in argv[1:]:
+	commit_time = 0
+	next_mark = 1
+	common_prefix = None
+	mark = dict()
+
+	zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
+	for name in zip.namelist():
+		if name.endswith('/'):
+			continue
+		info = zip.getinfo(name)
+
+		if commit_time < info.date_time:
+			commit_time = info.date_time
+		if common_prefix == None:
+			common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
+		else:
+			while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
+				last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
+				common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
+
+		mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
+		next_mark += 1
+
+		printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
+					'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
+		fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
+
+	committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
+		mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
+
+	printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
+		'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
+		'', 'deleteall'))
+
+	for name in mark.keys():
+		fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
+			name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
+
+	printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
+		'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
+		'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
+
+if fast_import.close():
+	exit(1)
diff --git a/contrib/git-resurrect.sh b/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c364dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE="[-a] [-r] [-m] [-t] [-n] [-b <newname>] <name>"
+LONG_USAGE="git-resurrect attempts to find traces of a branch tip
+called <name>, and tries to resurrect it.  Currently, the reflog is
+searched for checkout messages, and with -r also merge messages.  With
+-m and -t, the history of all refs is scanned for Merge <name> into
+other/Merge <other> into <name> (respectively) commit subjects, which
+is rather slow but allows you to resurrect other people's topic
+branches."
+
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git resurrect $USAGE
+--
+b,branch=            save branch as <newname> instead of <name>
+a,all                same as -l -r -m -t
+k,keep-going         full rev-list scan (instead of first match)
+l,reflog             scan reflog for checkouts (enabled by default)
+r,reflog-merges      scan for merges recorded in reflog
+m,merges             scan for merges into other branches (slow)
+t,merge-targets      scan for merges of other branches into <name>
+n,dry-run            don't recreate the branch"
+
+. git-sh-setup
+
+search_reflog () {
+        sed -ne 's~^\([^ ]*\) .*\tcheckout: moving from '"$1"' .*~\1~p' \
+                < "$GIT_DIR"/logs/HEAD
+}
+
+search_reflog_merges () {
+	git rev-parse $(
+		sed -ne 's~^[^ ]* \([^ ]*\) .*\tmerge '"$1"':.*~\1^2~p' \
+			< "$GIT_DIR"/logs/HEAD
+	)
+}
+
+_x40="[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]"
+_x40="$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40"
+
+search_merges () {
+        git rev-list --all --grep="Merge branch '$1'" \
+                --pretty=tformat:"%P %s" |
+        sed -ne "/^$_x40 \($_x40\) Merge .*/ {s//\1/p;$early_exit}"
+}
+
+search_merge_targets () {
+	git rev-list --all --grep="Merge branch '[^']*' into $branch\$" \
+		--pretty=tformat:"%H %s" --all |
+	sed -ne "/^\($_x40\) Merge .*/ {s//\1/p;$early_exit} "
+}
+
+dry_run=
+early_exit=q
+scan_reflog=t
+scan_reflog_merges=
+scan_merges=
+scan_merge_targets=
+new_name=
+
+while test "$#" != 0; do
+	case "$1" in
+	    -b|--branch)
+		shift
+		new_name="$1"
+		;;
+	    -n|--dry-run)
+		dry_run=t
+		;;
+	    --no-dry-run)
+		dry_run=
+		;;
+	    -k|--keep-going)
+		early_exit=
+		;;
+	    --no-keep-going)
+		early_exit=q
+		;;
+	    -m|--merges)
+		scan_merges=t
+		;;
+	    --no-merges)
+		scan_merges=
+		;;
+	    -l|--reflog)
+		scan_reflog=t
+		;;
+	    --no-reflog)
+		scan_reflog=
+		;;
+	    -r|--reflog_merges)
+		scan_reflog_merges=t
+		;;
+	    --no-reflog_merges)
+		scan_reflog_merges=
+		;;
+	    -t|--merge-targets)
+		scan_merge_targets=t
+		;;
+	    --no-merge-targets)
+		scan_merge_targets=
+		;;
+	    -a|--all)
+		scan_reflog=t
+		scan_reflog_merges=t
+		scan_merges=t
+		scan_merge_targets=t
+		;;
+	    --)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	    *)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+test "$#" = 1 || usage
+
+all_strategies="$scan_reflog$scan_reflog_merges$scan_merges$scan_merge_targets"
+if test -z "$all_strategies"; then
+	die "must enable at least one of -lrmt"
+fi
+
+branch="$1"
+test -z "$new_name" && new_name="$branch"
+
+if test ! -z "$scan_reflog"; then
+	if test -r "$GIT_DIR"/logs/HEAD; then
+		candidates="$(search_reflog $branch)"
+	else
+		die 'reflog scanning requested, but' \
+			'$GIT_DIR/logs/HEAD not readable'
+	fi
+fi
+if test ! -z "$scan_reflog_merges"; then
+	if test -r "$GIT_DIR"/logs/HEAD; then
+		candidates="$candidates $(search_reflog_merges $branch)"
+	else
+		die 'reflog scanning requested, but' \
+			'$GIT_DIR/logs/HEAD not readable'
+	fi
+fi
+if test ! -z "$scan_merges"; then
+	candidates="$candidates $(search_merges $branch)"
+fi
+if test ! -z "$scan_merge_targets"; then
+	candidates="$candidates $(search_merge_targets $branch)"
+fi
+
+candidates="$(git rev-parse $candidates | sort -u)"
+
+if test -z "$candidates"; then
+	hint=
+	test "z$all_strategies" != "ztttt" \
+		&& hint=" (maybe try again with -a)"
+	die "no candidates for $branch found$hint"
+fi
+
+echo "** Candidates for $branch **"
+for cmt in $candidates; do
+	git --no-pager log --pretty=tformat:"%ct:%h [%cr] %s" --abbrev-commit -1 $cmt
+done \
+| sort -n | cut -d: -f2-
+
+newest="$(git rev-list -1 $candidates)"
+if test ! -z "$dry_run"; then
+	printf "** Most recent: "
+	git --no-pager log -1 --pretty=tformat:"%h %s" $newest
+elif ! git rev-parse --verify --quiet $new_name >/dev/null; then
+	printf "** Restoring $new_name to "
+	git --no-pager log -1 --pretty=tformat:"%h %s" $newest
+	git branch $new_name $newest
+else
+	printf "Most recent: "
+	git --no-pager log -1 --pretty=tformat:"%h %s" $newest
+	echo "** $new_name already exists, doing nothing"
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview b/contrib/gitview/gitview
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c99dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview
@@ -0,0 +1,1305 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+
+""" gitview
+GUI browser for git repository
+This program is based on bzrk by Scott James Remnant <scott@ubuntu.com>
+"""
+__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P."
+__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2007 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com"
+__author__    = "Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>"
+
+
+import sys
+import os
+import gtk
+import pygtk
+import pango
+import re
+import time
+import gobject
+import cairo
+import math
+import string
+import fcntl
+
+have_gtksourceview2 = False
+have_gtksourceview = False
+try:
+    import gtksourceview2
+    have_gtksourceview2 = True
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import gtksourceview
+        have_gtksourceview = True
+    except ImportError:
+        print "Running without gtksourceview2 or gtksourceview module"
+
+re_ident = re.compile('(author|committer) (?P<ident>.*) (?P<epoch>\d+) (?P<tz>[+-]\d{4})')
+
+def list_to_string(args, skip):
+	count = len(args)
+	i = skip
+	str_arg=" "
+	while (i < count ):
+		str_arg = str_arg + args[i]
+		str_arg = str_arg + " "
+		i = i+1
+
+	return str_arg
+
+def show_date(epoch, tz):
+	secs = float(epoch)
+	tzsecs = float(tz[1:3]) * 3600
+	tzsecs += float(tz[3:5]) * 60
+	if (tz[0] == "+"):
+		secs += tzsecs
+	else:
+		secs -= tzsecs
+
+	return time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(secs))
+
+def get_source_buffer_and_view():
+	if have_gtksourceview2:
+		buffer = gtksourceview2.Buffer()
+		slm = gtksourceview2.LanguageManager()
+		gsl = slm.get_language("diff")
+		buffer.set_highlight_syntax(True)
+		buffer.set_language(gsl)
+		view = gtksourceview2.View(buffer)
+	elif have_gtksourceview:
+		buffer = gtksourceview.SourceBuffer()
+		slm = gtksourceview.SourceLanguagesManager()
+		gsl = slm.get_language_from_mime_type("text/x-patch")
+		buffer.set_highlight(True)
+		buffer.set_language(gsl)
+		view = gtksourceview.SourceView(buffer)
+	else:
+		buffer = gtk.TextBuffer()
+		view = gtk.TextView(buffer)
+	return (buffer, view)
+
+
+class CellRendererGraph(gtk.GenericCellRenderer):
+	"""Cell renderer for directed graph.
+
+	This module contains the implementation of a custom GtkCellRenderer that
+	draws part of the directed graph based on the lines suggested by the code
+	in graph.py.
+
+	Because we're shiny, we use Cairo to do this, and because we're naughty
+	we cheat and draw over the bits of the TreeViewColumn that are supposed to
+	just be for the background.
+
+	Properties:
+	node              (column, colour, [ names ]) tuple to draw revision node,
+	in_lines          (start, end, colour) tuple list to draw inward lines,
+	out_lines         (start, end, colour) tuple list to draw outward lines.
+	"""
+
+	__gproperties__ = {
+	"node":         ( gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT, "node",
+			  "revision node instruction",
+			  gobject.PARAM_WRITABLE
+			),
+	"in-lines":     ( gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT, "in-lines",
+			  "instructions to draw lines into the cell",
+			  gobject.PARAM_WRITABLE
+			),
+	"out-lines":    ( gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT, "out-lines",
+			  "instructions to draw lines out of the cell",
+			  gobject.PARAM_WRITABLE
+			),
+	}
+
+	def do_set_property(self, property, value):
+		"""Set properties from GObject properties."""
+		if property.name == "node":
+			self.node = value
+		elif property.name == "in-lines":
+			self.in_lines = value
+		elif property.name == "out-lines":
+			self.out_lines = value
+		else:
+			raise AttributeError, "no such property: '%s'" % property.name
+
+	def box_size(self, widget):
+		"""Calculate box size based on widget's font.
+
+		Cache this as it's probably expensive to get.  It ensures that we
+		draw the graph at least as large as the text.
+		"""
+		try:
+			return self._box_size
+		except AttributeError:
+			pango_ctx = widget.get_pango_context()
+			font_desc = widget.get_style().font_desc
+			metrics = pango_ctx.get_metrics(font_desc)
+
+			ascent = pango.PIXELS(metrics.get_ascent())
+			descent = pango.PIXELS(metrics.get_descent())
+
+			self._box_size = ascent + descent + 6
+			return self._box_size
+
+	def set_colour(self, ctx, colour, bg, fg):
+		"""Set the context source colour.
+
+		Picks a distinct colour based on an internal wheel; the bg
+		parameter provides the value that should be assigned to the 'zero'
+		colours and the fg parameter provides the multiplier that should be
+		applied to the foreground colours.
+		"""
+		colours = [
+		    ( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 ),
+		    ( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0 ),
+		    ( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ),
+		    ( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ),
+		    ( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ),
+		    ( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ),
+		    ]
+
+		colour %= len(colours)
+		red   = (colours[colour][0] * fg) or bg
+		green = (colours[colour][1] * fg) or bg
+		blue  = (colours[colour][2] * fg) or bg
+
+		ctx.set_source_rgb(red, green, blue)
+
+	def on_get_size(self, widget, cell_area):
+		"""Return the size we need for this cell.
+
+		Each cell is drawn individually and is only as wide as it needs
+		to be, we let the TreeViewColumn take care of making them all
+		line up.
+		"""
+		box_size = self.box_size(widget)
+
+		cols = self.node[0]
+		for start, end, colour in self.in_lines + self.out_lines:
+			cols = int(max(cols, start, end))
+
+		(column, colour, names) = self.node
+		names_len = 0
+		if (len(names) != 0):
+			for item in names:
+				names_len += len(item)
+
+		width = box_size * (cols + 1 ) + names_len
+		height = box_size
+
+		# FIXME I have no idea how to use cell_area properly
+		return (0, 0, width, height)
+
+	def on_render(self, window, widget, bg_area, cell_area, exp_area, flags):
+		"""Render an individual cell.
+
+		Draws the cell contents using cairo, taking care to clip what we
+		do to within the background area so we don't draw over other cells.
+		Note that we're a bit naughty there and should really be drawing
+		in the cell_area (or even the exposed area), but we explicitly don't
+		want any gutter.
+
+		We try and be a little clever, if the line we need to draw is going
+		to cross other columns we actually draw it as in the .---' style
+		instead of a pure diagonal ... this reduces confusion by an
+		incredible amount.
+		"""
+		ctx = window.cairo_create()
+		ctx.rectangle(bg_area.x, bg_area.y, bg_area.width, bg_area.height)
+		ctx.clip()
+
+		box_size = self.box_size(widget)
+
+		ctx.set_line_width(box_size / 8)
+		ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_SQUARE)
+
+		# Draw lines into the cell
+		for start, end, colour in self.in_lines:
+			ctx.move_to(cell_area.x + box_size * start + box_size / 2,
+					bg_area.y - bg_area.height / 2)
+
+			if start - end > 1:
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * start, bg_area.y)
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * end + box_size, bg_area.y)
+			elif start - end < -1:
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * start + box_size,
+						bg_area.y)
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * end, bg_area.y)
+
+			ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * end + box_size / 2,
+					bg_area.y + bg_area.height / 2)
+
+			self.set_colour(ctx, colour, 0.0, 0.65)
+			ctx.stroke()
+
+		# Draw lines out of the cell
+		for start, end, colour in self.out_lines:
+			ctx.move_to(cell_area.x + box_size * start + box_size / 2,
+					bg_area.y + bg_area.height / 2)
+
+			if start - end > 1:
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * start,
+						bg_area.y + bg_area.height)
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * end + box_size,
+						bg_area.y + bg_area.height)
+			elif start - end < -1:
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * start + box_size,
+						bg_area.y + bg_area.height)
+				ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * end,
+						bg_area.y + bg_area.height)
+
+			ctx.line_to(cell_area.x + box_size * end + box_size / 2,
+					bg_area.y + bg_area.height / 2 + bg_area.height)
+
+			self.set_colour(ctx, colour, 0.0, 0.65)
+			ctx.stroke()
+
+		# Draw the revision node in the right column
+		(column, colour, names) = self.node
+		ctx.arc(cell_area.x + box_size * column + box_size / 2,
+				cell_area.y + cell_area.height / 2,
+				box_size / 4, 0, 2 * math.pi)
+
+
+		self.set_colour(ctx, colour, 0.0, 0.5)
+		ctx.stroke_preserve()
+
+		self.set_colour(ctx, colour, 0.5, 1.0)
+		ctx.fill_preserve()
+
+		if (len(names) != 0):
+			name = " "
+			for item in names:
+				name = name + item + " "
+
+			ctx.set_font_size(13)
+			if (flags & 1):
+				self.set_colour(ctx, colour, 0.5, 1.0)
+			else:
+				self.set_colour(ctx, colour, 0.0, 0.5)
+			ctx.show_text(name)
+
+class Commit(object):
+	""" This represent a commit object obtained after parsing the git-rev-list
+	output """
+
+	__slots__ = ['children_sha1', 'message', 'author', 'date', 'committer',
+				 'commit_date', 'commit_sha1', 'parent_sha1']
+
+	children_sha1 = {}
+
+	def __init__(self, commit_lines):
+		self.message		= ""
+		self.author		= ""
+		self.date		= ""
+		self.committer		= ""
+		self.commit_date	= ""
+		self.commit_sha1	= ""
+		self.parent_sha1	= [ ]
+		self.parse_commit(commit_lines)
+
+
+	def parse_commit(self, commit_lines):
+
+		# First line is the sha1 lines
+		line = string.strip(commit_lines[0])
+		sha1 = re.split(" ", line)
+		self.commit_sha1 = sha1[0]
+		self.parent_sha1 = sha1[1:]
+
+		#build the child list
+		for parent_id in self.parent_sha1:
+			try:
+				Commit.children_sha1[parent_id].append(self.commit_sha1)
+			except KeyError:
+				Commit.children_sha1[parent_id] = [self.commit_sha1]
+
+		# IF we don't have parent
+		if (len(self.parent_sha1) == 0):
+			self.parent_sha1 = [0]
+
+		for line in commit_lines[1:]:
+			m = re.match("^ ", line)
+			if (m != None):
+				# First line of the commit message used for short log
+				if self.message == "":
+					self.message = string.strip(line)
+				continue
+
+			m = re.match("tree", line)
+			if (m != None):
+				continue
+
+			m = re.match("parent", line)
+			if (m != None):
+				continue
+
+			m = re_ident.match(line)
+			if (m != None):
+				date = show_date(m.group('epoch'), m.group('tz'))
+				if m.group(1) == "author":
+					self.author = m.group('ident')
+					self.date = date
+				elif m.group(1) == "committer":
+					self.committer = m.group('ident')
+					self.commit_date = date
+
+				continue
+
+	def get_message(self, with_diff=0):
+		if (with_diff == 1):
+			message = self.diff_tree()
+		else:
+			fp = os.popen("git cat-file commit " + self.commit_sha1)
+			message = fp.read()
+			fp.close()
+
+		return message
+
+	def diff_tree(self):
+		fp = os.popen("git diff-tree --pretty --cc  -v -p --always " +  self.commit_sha1)
+		diff = fp.read()
+		fp.close()
+		return diff
+
+class AnnotateWindow(object):
+	"""Annotate window.
+	This object represents and manages a single window containing the
+	annotate information of the file
+	"""
+
+	def __init__(self):
+		self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
+		self.window.set_border_width(0)
+		self.window.set_title("Git repository browser annotation window")
+		self.prev_read = ""
+
+		# Use two thirds of the screen by default
+		screen = self.window.get_screen()
+		monitor = screen.get_monitor_geometry(0)
+		width = int(monitor.width * 0.66)
+		height = int(monitor.height * 0.66)
+		self.window.set_default_size(width, height)
+
+	def add_file_data(self, filename, commit_sha1, line_num):
+		fp = os.popen("git cat-file blob " + commit_sha1 +":"+filename)
+		i = 1;
+		for line in fp.readlines():
+			line = string.rstrip(line)
+			self.model.append(None, ["HEAD", filename, line, i])
+			i = i+1
+		fp.close()
+
+		# now set the cursor position
+		self.treeview.set_cursor(line_num-1)
+		self.treeview.grab_focus()
+
+	def _treeview_cursor_cb(self, *args):
+		"""Callback for when the treeview cursor changes."""
+		(path, col) = self.treeview.get_cursor()
+		commit_sha1 = self.model[path][0]
+		commit_msg = ""
+		fp = os.popen("git cat-file commit " + commit_sha1)
+		for line in fp.readlines():
+			commit_msg =  commit_msg + line
+		fp.close()
+
+		self.commit_buffer.set_text(commit_msg)
+
+	def _treeview_row_activated(self, *args):
+		"""Callback for when the treeview row gets selected."""
+		(path, col) = self.treeview.get_cursor()
+		commit_sha1 = self.model[path][0]
+		filename    = self.model[path][1]
+		line_num    = self.model[path][3]
+
+		window = AnnotateWindow();
+		fp = os.popen("git rev-parse "+ commit_sha1 + "~1")
+		commit_sha1 = string.strip(fp.readline())
+		fp.close()
+		window.annotate(filename, commit_sha1, line_num)
+
+	def data_ready(self, source, condition):
+		while (1):
+			try :
+				# A simple readline doesn't work
+				# a readline bug ??
+				buffer = source.read(100)
+
+			except:
+				# resource temporary not available
+				return True
+
+			if (len(buffer) == 0):
+				gobject.source_remove(self.io_watch_tag)
+				source.close()
+				return False
+
+			if (self.prev_read != ""):
+				buffer = self.prev_read + buffer
+				self.prev_read = ""
+
+			if (buffer[len(buffer) -1] != '\n'):
+				try:
+					newline_index = buffer.rindex("\n")
+				except ValueError:
+					newline_index = 0
+
+				self.prev_read = buffer[newline_index:(len(buffer))]
+				buffer = buffer[0:newline_index]
+
+			for buff in buffer.split("\n"):
+				annotate_line = re.compile('^([0-9a-f]{40}) (.+) (.+) (.+)$')
+				m = annotate_line.match(buff)
+				if not m:
+					annotate_line = re.compile('^(filename) (.+)$')
+					m = annotate_line.match(buff)
+					if not m:
+						continue
+					filename = m.group(2)
+				else:
+					self.commit_sha1 = m.group(1)
+					self.source_line = int(m.group(2))
+					self.result_line = int(m.group(3))
+					self.count	    = int(m.group(4))
+					#set the details only when we have the file name
+					continue
+
+				while (self.count > 0):
+					# set at result_line + count-1 the sha1 as commit_sha1
+					self.count = self.count - 1
+					iter = self.model.iter_nth_child(None, self.result_line + self.count-1)
+					self.model.set(iter, 0, self.commit_sha1, 1, filename, 3, self.source_line)
+
+
+	def annotate(self, filename, commit_sha1, line_num):
+		# verify the commit_sha1 specified has this filename
+
+		fp = os.popen("git ls-tree "+ commit_sha1 + " -- " + filename)
+		line = string.strip(fp.readline())
+		if line == '':
+			# pop up the message the file is not there as a part of the commit
+			fp.close()
+			dialog = gtk.MessageDialog(parent=None, flags=0,
+					type=gtk.MESSAGE_WARNING, buttons=gtk.BUTTONS_CLOSE,
+					message_format=None)
+			dialog.set_markup("The file %s is not present in the parent commit %s" % (filename, commit_sha1))
+			dialog.run()
+			dialog.destroy()
+			return
+
+		fp.close()
+
+		vpan = gtk.VPaned();
+		self.window.add(vpan);
+		vpan.show()
+
+		scrollwin = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
+		scrollwin.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
+		scrollwin.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
+		vpan.pack1(scrollwin, True, True);
+		scrollwin.show()
+
+		self.model = gtk.TreeStore(str, str, str, int)
+		self.treeview = gtk.TreeView(self.model)
+		self.treeview.set_rules_hint(True)
+		self.treeview.set_search_column(0)
+		self.treeview.connect("cursor-changed", self._treeview_cursor_cb)
+		self.treeview.connect("row-activated", self._treeview_row_activated)
+		scrollwin.add(self.treeview)
+		self.treeview.show()
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("width-chars", 10)
+		cell.set_property("ellipsize", pango.ELLIPSIZE_END)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Commit")
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 0)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("width-chars", 20)
+		cell.set_property("ellipsize", pango.ELLIPSIZE_END)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("File Name")
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 1)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("width-chars", 20)
+		cell.set_property("ellipsize", pango.ELLIPSIZE_END)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Data")
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 2)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		# The commit message window
+		scrollwin = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
+		scrollwin.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
+		scrollwin.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
+		vpan.pack2(scrollwin, True, True);
+		scrollwin.show()
+
+		commit_text = gtk.TextView()
+		self.commit_buffer = gtk.TextBuffer()
+		commit_text.set_buffer(self.commit_buffer)
+		scrollwin.add(commit_text)
+		commit_text.show()
+
+		self.window.show()
+
+		self.add_file_data(filename, commit_sha1, line_num)
+
+		fp = os.popen("git blame --incremental -C -C -- " + filename + " " + commit_sha1)
+		flags = fcntl.fcntl(fp.fileno(), fcntl.F_GETFL)
+		fcntl.fcntl(fp.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFL, flags | os.O_NONBLOCK)
+		self.io_watch_tag = gobject.io_add_watch(fp, gobject.IO_IN, self.data_ready)
+
+
+class DiffWindow(object):
+	"""Diff window.
+	This object represents and manages a single window containing the
+	differences between two revisions on a branch.
+	"""
+
+	def __init__(self):
+		self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
+		self.window.set_border_width(0)
+		self.window.set_title("Git repository browser diff window")
+
+		# Use two thirds of the screen by default
+		screen = self.window.get_screen()
+		monitor = screen.get_monitor_geometry(0)
+		width = int(monitor.width * 0.66)
+		height = int(monitor.height * 0.66)
+		self.window.set_default_size(width, height)
+
+
+		self.construct()
+
+	def construct(self):
+		"""Construct the window contents."""
+		vbox = gtk.VBox()
+		self.window.add(vbox)
+		vbox.show()
+
+		menu_bar = gtk.MenuBar()
+		save_menu = gtk.ImageMenuItem(gtk.STOCK_SAVE)
+		save_menu.connect("activate", self.save_menu_response, "save")
+		save_menu.show()
+		menu_bar.append(save_menu)
+		vbox.pack_start(menu_bar, expand=False, fill=True)
+		menu_bar.show()
+
+		hpan = gtk.HPaned()
+
+		scrollwin = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
+		scrollwin.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
+		scrollwin.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
+		hpan.pack1(scrollwin, True, True)
+		scrollwin.show()
+
+		(self.buffer, sourceview) = get_source_buffer_and_view()
+
+		sourceview.set_editable(False)
+		sourceview.modify_font(pango.FontDescription("Monospace"))
+		scrollwin.add(sourceview)
+		sourceview.show()
+
+		# The file hierarchy: a scrollable treeview
+		scrollwin = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
+		scrollwin.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
+		scrollwin.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
+		scrollwin.set_size_request(20, -1)
+		hpan.pack2(scrollwin, True, True)
+		scrollwin.show()
+
+		self.model = gtk.TreeStore(str, str, str)
+		self.treeview = gtk.TreeView(self.model)
+		self.treeview.set_search_column(1)
+		self.treeview.connect("cursor-changed", self._treeview_clicked)
+		scrollwin.add(self.treeview)
+		self.treeview.show()
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("width-chars", 20)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Select to annotate")
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 0)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		vbox.pack_start(hpan, expand=True, fill=True)
+		hpan.show()
+
+	def _treeview_clicked(self, *args):
+		"""Callback for when the treeview cursor changes."""
+		(path, col) = self.treeview.get_cursor()
+		specific_file = self.model[path][1]
+		commit_sha1 =  self.model[path][2]
+		if specific_file ==  None :
+			return
+		elif specific_file ==  "" :
+			specific_file =  None
+
+		window = AnnotateWindow();
+		window.annotate(specific_file, commit_sha1, 1)
+
+
+	def commit_files(self, commit_sha1, parent_sha1):
+		self.model.clear()
+		add  = self.model.append(None, [ "Added", None, None])
+		dele = self.model.append(None, [ "Deleted", None, None])
+		mod  = self.model.append(None, [ "Modified", None, None])
+		diff_tree = re.compile('^(:.{6}) (.{6}) (.{40}) (.{40}) (A|D|M)\s(.+)$')
+		fp = os.popen("git diff-tree -r --no-commit-id " + parent_sha1 + " " + commit_sha1)
+		while 1:
+			line = string.strip(fp.readline())
+			if line == '':
+				break
+			m = diff_tree.match(line)
+			if not m:
+				continue
+
+			attr = m.group(5)
+			filename = m.group(6)
+			if attr == "A":
+				self.model.append(add,  [filename, filename, commit_sha1])
+			elif attr == "D":
+				self.model.append(dele, [filename, filename, commit_sha1])
+			elif attr == "M":
+				self.model.append(mod,  [filename, filename, commit_sha1])
+		fp.close()
+
+		self.treeview.expand_all()
+
+	def set_diff(self, commit_sha1, parent_sha1, encoding):
+		"""Set the differences showed by this window.
+		Compares the two trees and populates the window with the
+		differences.
+		"""
+		# Diff with the first commit or the last commit shows nothing
+		if (commit_sha1 == 0 or parent_sha1 == 0 ):
+			return
+
+		fp = os.popen("git diff-tree -p " + parent_sha1 + " " + commit_sha1)
+		self.buffer.set_text(unicode(fp.read(), encoding).encode('utf-8'))
+		fp.close()
+		self.commit_files(commit_sha1, parent_sha1)
+		self.window.show()
+
+	def save_menu_response(self, widget, string):
+		dialog = gtk.FileChooserDialog("Save..", None, gtk.FILE_CHOOSER_ACTION_SAVE,
+				(gtk.STOCK_CANCEL, gtk.RESPONSE_CANCEL,
+					gtk.STOCK_SAVE, gtk.RESPONSE_OK))
+		dialog.set_default_response(gtk.RESPONSE_OK)
+		response = dialog.run()
+		if response == gtk.RESPONSE_OK:
+			patch_buffer = self.buffer.get_text(self.buffer.get_start_iter(),
+					self.buffer.get_end_iter())
+			fp = open(dialog.get_filename(), "w")
+			fp.write(patch_buffer)
+			fp.close()
+		dialog.destroy()
+
+class GitView(object):
+	""" This is the main class
+	"""
+	version = "0.9"
+
+	def __init__(self, with_diff=0):
+		self.with_diff = with_diff
+		self.window =	gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
+		self.window.set_border_width(0)
+		self.window.set_title("Git repository browser")
+
+		self.get_encoding()
+		self.get_bt_sha1()
+
+		# Use three-quarters of the screen by default
+		screen = self.window.get_screen()
+		monitor = screen.get_monitor_geometry(0)
+		width = int(monitor.width * 0.75)
+		height = int(monitor.height * 0.75)
+		self.window.set_default_size(width, height)
+
+		# FIXME AndyFitz!
+		icon = self.window.render_icon(gtk.STOCK_INDEX, gtk.ICON_SIZE_BUTTON)
+		self.window.set_icon(icon)
+
+		self.accel_group = gtk.AccelGroup()
+		self.window.add_accel_group(self.accel_group)
+		self.accel_group.connect_group(0xffc2, 0, gtk.ACCEL_LOCKED, self.refresh);
+		self.accel_group.connect_group(0xffc1, 0, gtk.ACCEL_LOCKED, self.maximize);
+		self.accel_group.connect_group(0xffc8, 0, gtk.ACCEL_LOCKED, self.fullscreen);
+		self.accel_group.connect_group(0xffc9, 0, gtk.ACCEL_LOCKED, self.unfullscreen);
+
+		self.window.add(self.construct())
+
+	def refresh(self, widget, event=None, *arguments, **keywords):
+		self.get_encoding()
+		self.get_bt_sha1()
+		Commit.children_sha1 = {}
+		self.set_branch(sys.argv[without_diff:])
+		self.window.show()
+		return True
+
+	def maximize(self, widget, event=None, *arguments, **keywords):
+		self.window.maximize()
+		return True
+
+	def fullscreen(self, widget, event=None, *arguments, **keywords):
+		self.window.fullscreen()
+		return True
+
+	def unfullscreen(self, widget, event=None, *arguments, **keywords):
+		self.window.unfullscreen()
+		return True
+
+	def get_bt_sha1(self):
+		""" Update the bt_sha1 dictionary with the
+		respective sha1 details """
+
+		self.bt_sha1 = { }
+		ls_remote = re.compile('^(.{40})\trefs/([^^]+)(?:\\^(..))?$');
+		fp = os.popen('git ls-remote "${GIT_DIR-.git}"')
+		while 1:
+			line = string.strip(fp.readline())
+			if line == '':
+				break
+			m = ls_remote.match(line)
+			if not m:
+				continue
+			(sha1, name) = (m.group(1), m.group(2))
+			if not self.bt_sha1.has_key(sha1):
+				self.bt_sha1[sha1] = []
+			self.bt_sha1[sha1].append(name)
+		fp.close()
+
+	def get_encoding(self):
+		fp = os.popen("git config --get i18n.commitencoding")
+		self.encoding=string.strip(fp.readline())
+		fp.close()
+		if (self.encoding == ""):
+			self.encoding = "utf-8"
+
+
+	def construct(self):
+		"""Construct the window contents."""
+		vbox = gtk.VBox()
+		paned = gtk.VPaned()
+		paned.pack1(self.construct_top(), resize=False, shrink=True)
+		paned.pack2(self.construct_bottom(), resize=False, shrink=True)
+		menu_bar = gtk.MenuBar()
+		menu_bar.set_pack_direction(gtk.PACK_DIRECTION_RTL)
+		help_menu = gtk.MenuItem("Help")
+		menu = gtk.Menu()
+		about_menu = gtk.MenuItem("About")
+		menu.append(about_menu)
+		about_menu.connect("activate", self.about_menu_response, "about")
+		about_menu.show()
+		help_menu.set_submenu(menu)
+		help_menu.show()
+		menu_bar.append(help_menu)
+		menu_bar.show()
+		vbox.pack_start(menu_bar, expand=False, fill=True)
+		vbox.pack_start(paned, expand=True, fill=True)
+		paned.show()
+		vbox.show()
+		return vbox
+
+
+	def construct_top(self):
+		"""Construct the top-half of the window."""
+		vbox = gtk.VBox(spacing=6)
+		vbox.set_border_width(12)
+		vbox.show()
+
+
+		scrollwin = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
+		scrollwin.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
+		scrollwin.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
+		vbox.pack_start(scrollwin, expand=True, fill=True)
+		scrollwin.show()
+
+		self.treeview = gtk.TreeView()
+		self.treeview.set_rules_hint(True)
+		self.treeview.set_search_column(4)
+		self.treeview.connect("cursor-changed", self._treeview_cursor_cb)
+		scrollwin.add(self.treeview)
+		self.treeview.show()
+
+		cell = CellRendererGraph()
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn()
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "node", 1)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "in-lines", 2)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "out-lines", 3)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("width-chars", 65)
+		cell.set_property("ellipsize", pango.ELLIPSIZE_END)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Message")
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 4)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("width-chars", 40)
+		cell.set_property("ellipsize", pango.ELLIPSIZE_END)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Author")
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 5)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
+		cell.set_property("ellipsize", pango.ELLIPSIZE_END)
+		column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Date")
+		column.set_resizable(True)
+		column.pack_start(cell, expand=True)
+		column.add_attribute(cell, "text", 6)
+		self.treeview.append_column(column)
+
+		return vbox
+
+	def about_menu_response(self, widget, string):
+		dialog = gtk.AboutDialog()
+		dialog.set_name("Gitview")
+		dialog.set_version(GitView.version)
+		dialog.set_authors(["Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>"])
+		dialog.set_website("http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/")
+		dialog.set_copyright("Use and distribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License")
+		dialog.set_wrap_license(True)
+		dialog.run()
+		dialog.destroy()
+
+
+	def construct_bottom(self):
+		"""Construct the bottom half of the window."""
+		vbox = gtk.VBox(False, spacing=6)
+		vbox.set_border_width(12)
+		(width, height) = self.window.get_size()
+		vbox.set_size_request(width, int(height / 2.5))
+		vbox.show()
+
+		self.table = gtk.Table(rows=4, columns=4)
+		self.table.set_row_spacings(6)
+		self.table.set_col_spacings(6)
+		vbox.pack_start(self.table, expand=False, fill=True)
+		self.table.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		label = gtk.Label()
+		label.set_markup("<b>Revision:</b>")
+		align.add(label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 0, 1, 0, 1, gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		label.show()
+		align.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		self.revid_label = gtk.Label()
+		self.revid_label.set_selectable(True)
+		align.add(self.revid_label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 1, 2, 0, 1, gtk.EXPAND | gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		self.revid_label.show()
+		align.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		label = gtk.Label()
+		label.set_markup("<b>Committer:</b>")
+		align.add(label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 0, 1, 1, 2, gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		label.show()
+		align.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		self.committer_label = gtk.Label()
+		self.committer_label.set_selectable(True)
+		align.add(self.committer_label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 1, 2, 1, 2, gtk.EXPAND | gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		self.committer_label.show()
+		align.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		label = gtk.Label()
+		label.set_markup("<b>Timestamp:</b>")
+		align.add(label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 0, 1, 2, 3, gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		label.show()
+		align.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		self.timestamp_label = gtk.Label()
+		self.timestamp_label.set_selectable(True)
+		align.add(self.timestamp_label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 1, 2, 2, 3, gtk.EXPAND | gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		self.timestamp_label.show()
+		align.show()
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		label = gtk.Label()
+		label.set_markup("<b>Parents:</b>")
+		align.add(label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 0, 1, 3, 4, gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		label.show()
+		align.show()
+		self.parents_widgets = []
+
+		align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.5)
+		label = gtk.Label()
+		label.set_markup("<b>Children:</b>")
+		align.add(label)
+		self.table.attach(align, 2, 3, 3, 4, gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+		label.show()
+		align.show()
+		self.children_widgets = []
+
+		scrollwin = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
+		scrollwin.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
+		scrollwin.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
+		vbox.pack_start(scrollwin, expand=True, fill=True)
+		scrollwin.show()
+
+		(self.message_buffer, sourceview) = get_source_buffer_and_view()
+
+		sourceview.set_editable(False)
+		sourceview.modify_font(pango.FontDescription("Monospace"))
+		scrollwin.add(sourceview)
+		sourceview.show()
+
+		return vbox
+
+	def _treeview_cursor_cb(self, *args):
+		"""Callback for when the treeview cursor changes."""
+		(path, col) = self.treeview.get_cursor()
+		commit = self.model[path][0]
+
+		if commit.committer is not None:
+			committer = commit.committer
+			timestamp = commit.commit_date
+			message   =  commit.get_message(self.with_diff)
+			revid_label = commit.commit_sha1
+		else:
+			committer = ""
+			timestamp = ""
+			message = ""
+			revid_label = ""
+
+		self.revid_label.set_text(revid_label)
+		self.committer_label.set_text(committer)
+		self.timestamp_label.set_text(timestamp)
+		self.message_buffer.set_text(unicode(message, self.encoding).encode('utf-8'))
+
+		for widget in self.parents_widgets:
+			self.table.remove(widget)
+
+		self.parents_widgets = []
+		self.table.resize(4 + len(commit.parent_sha1) - 1, 4)
+		for idx, parent_id in enumerate(commit.parent_sha1):
+			self.table.set_row_spacing(idx + 3, 0)
+
+			align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.0)
+			self.parents_widgets.append(align)
+			self.table.attach(align, 1, 2, idx + 3, idx + 4,
+					gtk.EXPAND | gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+			align.show()
+
+			hbox = gtk.HBox(False, 0)
+			align.add(hbox)
+			hbox.show()
+
+			label = gtk.Label(parent_id)
+			label.set_selectable(True)
+			hbox.pack_start(label, expand=False, fill=True)
+			label.show()
+
+			image = gtk.Image()
+			image.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_JUMP_TO, gtk.ICON_SIZE_MENU)
+			image.show()
+
+			button = gtk.Button()
+			button.add(image)
+			button.set_relief(gtk.RELIEF_NONE)
+			button.connect("clicked", self._go_clicked_cb, parent_id)
+			hbox.pack_start(button, expand=False, fill=True)
+			button.show()
+
+			image = gtk.Image()
+			image.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_FIND, gtk.ICON_SIZE_MENU)
+			image.show()
+
+			button = gtk.Button()
+			button.add(image)
+			button.set_relief(gtk.RELIEF_NONE)
+			button.set_sensitive(True)
+			button.connect("clicked", self._show_clicked_cb,
+					commit.commit_sha1, parent_id, self.encoding)
+			hbox.pack_start(button, expand=False, fill=True)
+			button.show()
+
+		# Populate with child details
+		for widget in self.children_widgets:
+			self.table.remove(widget)
+
+		self.children_widgets = []
+		try:
+			child_sha1 = Commit.children_sha1[commit.commit_sha1]
+		except KeyError:
+			# We don't have child
+			child_sha1 = [ 0 ]
+
+		if ( len(child_sha1) > len(commit.parent_sha1)):
+			self.table.resize(4 + len(child_sha1) - 1, 4)
+
+		for idx, child_id in enumerate(child_sha1):
+			self.table.set_row_spacing(idx + 3, 0)
+
+			align = gtk.Alignment(0.0, 0.0)
+			self.children_widgets.append(align)
+			self.table.attach(align, 3, 4, idx + 3, idx + 4,
+					gtk.EXPAND | gtk.FILL, gtk.FILL)
+			align.show()
+
+			hbox = gtk.HBox(False, 0)
+			align.add(hbox)
+			hbox.show()
+
+			label = gtk.Label(child_id)
+			label.set_selectable(True)
+			hbox.pack_start(label, expand=False, fill=True)
+			label.show()
+
+			image = gtk.Image()
+			image.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_JUMP_TO, gtk.ICON_SIZE_MENU)
+			image.show()
+
+			button = gtk.Button()
+			button.add(image)
+			button.set_relief(gtk.RELIEF_NONE)
+			button.connect("clicked", self._go_clicked_cb, child_id)
+			hbox.pack_start(button, expand=False, fill=True)
+			button.show()
+
+			image = gtk.Image()
+			image.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_FIND, gtk.ICON_SIZE_MENU)
+			image.show()
+
+			button = gtk.Button()
+			button.add(image)
+			button.set_relief(gtk.RELIEF_NONE)
+			button.set_sensitive(True)
+			button.connect("clicked", self._show_clicked_cb,
+					child_id, commit.commit_sha1, self.encoding)
+			hbox.pack_start(button, expand=False, fill=True)
+			button.show()
+
+	def _destroy_cb(self, widget):
+		"""Callback for when a window we manage is destroyed."""
+		self.quit()
+
+
+	def quit(self):
+		"""Stop the GTK+ main loop."""
+		gtk.main_quit()
+
+	def run(self, args):
+		self.set_branch(args)
+		self.window.connect("destroy", self._destroy_cb)
+		self.window.show()
+		gtk.main()
+
+	def set_branch(self, args):
+		"""Fill in different windows with info from the reposiroty"""
+		fp = os.popen("git rev-parse --sq --default HEAD " + list_to_string(args, 1))
+		git_rev_list_cmd = fp.read()
+		fp.close()
+		fp = os.popen("git rev-list  --header --topo-order --parents " + git_rev_list_cmd)
+		self.update_window(fp)
+
+	def update_window(self, fp):
+		commit_lines = []
+
+		self.model = gtk.ListStore(gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT, gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT,
+				gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT, gobject.TYPE_PYOBJECT, str, str, str)
+
+		# used for cursor positioning
+		self.index = {}
+
+		self.colours = {}
+		self.nodepos = {}
+		self.incomplete_line = {}
+		self.commits = []
+
+		index = 0
+		last_colour = 0
+		last_nodepos = -1
+		out_line = []
+		input_line = fp.readline()
+		while (input_line != ""):
+			# The commit header ends with '\0'
+			# This NULL is immediately followed by the sha1 of the
+			# next commit
+			if (input_line[0] != '\0'):
+				commit_lines.append(input_line)
+				input_line = fp.readline()
+				continue;
+
+			commit = Commit(commit_lines)
+			if (commit != None ):
+				self.commits.append(commit)
+
+			# Skip the '\0
+			commit_lines = []
+			commit_lines.append(input_line[1:])
+			input_line = fp.readline()
+
+		fp.close()
+
+		for commit in self.commits:
+			(out_line, last_colour, last_nodepos) = self.draw_graph(commit,
+										index, out_line,
+										last_colour,
+										last_nodepos)
+			self.index[commit.commit_sha1] = index
+			index += 1
+
+		self.treeview.set_model(self.model)
+		self.treeview.show()
+
+	def draw_graph(self, commit, index, out_line, last_colour, last_nodepos):
+		in_line=[]
+
+		#   |   -> outline
+		#   X
+		#   |\  <- inline
+
+		# Reset nodepostion
+		if (last_nodepos > 5):
+			last_nodepos = -1
+
+		# Add the incomplete lines of the last cell in this
+		try:
+			colour = self.colours[commit.commit_sha1]
+		except KeyError:
+			self.colours[commit.commit_sha1] = last_colour+1
+			last_colour = self.colours[commit.commit_sha1]
+			colour =   self.colours[commit.commit_sha1]
+
+		try:
+			node_pos = self.nodepos[commit.commit_sha1]
+		except KeyError:
+			self.nodepos[commit.commit_sha1] = last_nodepos+1
+			last_nodepos = self.nodepos[commit.commit_sha1]
+			node_pos =  self.nodepos[commit.commit_sha1]
+
+		#The first parent always continue on the same line
+		try:
+			# check we alreay have the value
+			tmp_node_pos = self.nodepos[commit.parent_sha1[0]]
+		except KeyError:
+			self.colours[commit.parent_sha1[0]] = colour
+			self.nodepos[commit.parent_sha1[0]] = node_pos
+
+		for sha1 in self.incomplete_line.keys():
+			if (sha1 != commit.commit_sha1):
+				self.draw_incomplete_line(sha1, node_pos,
+						out_line, in_line, index)
+			else:
+				del self.incomplete_line[sha1]
+
+
+		for parent_id in commit.parent_sha1:
+			try:
+				tmp_node_pos = self.nodepos[parent_id]
+			except KeyError:
+				self.colours[parent_id] = last_colour+1
+				last_colour = self.colours[parent_id]
+				self.nodepos[parent_id] = last_nodepos+1
+				last_nodepos = self.nodepos[parent_id]
+
+			in_line.append((node_pos, self.nodepos[parent_id],
+						self.colours[parent_id]))
+			self.add_incomplete_line(parent_id)
+
+		try:
+			branch_tag = self.bt_sha1[commit.commit_sha1]
+		except KeyError:
+			branch_tag = [ ]
+
+
+		node = (node_pos, colour, branch_tag)
+
+		self.model.append([commit, node, out_line, in_line,
+				commit.message, commit.author, commit.date])
+
+		return (in_line, last_colour, last_nodepos)
+
+	def add_incomplete_line(self, sha1):
+		try:
+			self.incomplete_line[sha1].append(self.nodepos[sha1])
+		except KeyError:
+			self.incomplete_line[sha1] = [self.nodepos[sha1]]
+
+	def draw_incomplete_line(self, sha1, node_pos, out_line, in_line, index):
+		for idx, pos in enumerate(self.incomplete_line[sha1]):
+			if(pos == node_pos):
+				#remove the straight line and add a slash
+				if ((pos, pos, self.colours[sha1]) in out_line):
+					out_line.remove((pos, pos, self.colours[sha1]))
+				out_line.append((pos, pos+0.5, self.colours[sha1]))
+				self.incomplete_line[sha1][idx] = pos = pos+0.5
+			try:
+				next_commit = self.commits[index+1]
+				if (next_commit.commit_sha1 == sha1 and pos != int(pos)):
+				# join the line back to the node point
+				# This need to be done only if we modified it
+					in_line.append((pos, pos-0.5, self.colours[sha1]))
+					continue;
+			except IndexError:
+				pass
+			in_line.append((pos, pos, self.colours[sha1]))
+
+
+	def _go_clicked_cb(self, widget, revid):
+		"""Callback for when the go button for a parent is clicked."""
+		try:
+			self.treeview.set_cursor(self.index[revid])
+		except KeyError:
+			dialog = gtk.MessageDialog(parent=None, flags=0,
+					type=gtk.MESSAGE_WARNING, buttons=gtk.BUTTONS_CLOSE,
+					message_format=None)
+			dialog.set_markup("Revision <b>%s</b> not present in the list" % revid)
+			# revid == 0 is the parent of the first commit
+			if (revid != 0 ):
+				dialog.format_secondary_text("Try running gitview without any options")
+			dialog.run()
+			dialog.destroy()
+
+		self.treeview.grab_focus()
+
+	def _show_clicked_cb(self, widget,  commit_sha1, parent_sha1, encoding):
+		"""Callback for when the show button for a parent is clicked."""
+		window = DiffWindow()
+		window.set_diff(commit_sha1, parent_sha1, encoding)
+		self.treeview.grab_focus()
+
+without_diff = 0
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+	if (len(sys.argv) > 1 ):
+		if (sys.argv[1] == "--without-diff"):
+			without_diff = 1
+
+	view = GitView( without_diff != 1)
+	view.run(sys.argv[without_diff:])
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt b/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77c29de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+gitview(1)
+==========
+
+NAME
+----
+gitview - A GTK based repository browser for git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+'gitview' [options] [args]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+---------
+
+Dependencies:
+
+* Python 2.4
+* PyGTK 2.8 or later
+* PyCairo 1.0 or later
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--without-diff::
+
+	If the user doesn't want to list the commit diffs in the main window.
+	This may speed up the repository browsing.
+
+<args>::
+
+	All the valid option for gitlink:git-rev-list[1].
+
+Key Bindings
+------------
+F4::
+	To maximize the window
+
+F5::
+	To reread references.
+
+F11::
+	Full screen
+
+F12::
+	Leave full screen
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+gitview v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
+
+	Show as the changes since version v2.6.12 that changed any file in the
+	include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+
+gitview --since=2.weeks.ago::
+
+	Show the changes during the last two weeks
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..854cd94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+
+""" hg-to-git.py - A Mercurial to GIT converter
+
+    Copyright (C)2007 Stelian Pop <stelian@popies.net>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+    any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+"""
+
+import os, os.path, sys
+import tempfile, pickle, getopt
+import re
+
+# Maps hg version -> git version
+hgvers = {}
+# List of children for each hg revision
+hgchildren = {}
+# List of parents for each hg revision
+hgparents = {}
+# Current branch for each hg revision
+hgbranch = {}
+# Number of new changesets converted from hg
+hgnewcsets = 0
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def usage():
+
+        print """\
+%s: [OPTIONS] <hgprj>
+
+options:
+    -s, --gitstate=FILE: name of the state to be saved/read
+                         for incrementals
+    -n, --nrepack=INT:   number of changesets that will trigger
+                         a repack (default=0, -1 to deactivate)
+    -v, --verbose:       be verbose
+
+required:
+    hgprj:  name of the HG project to import (directory)
+""" % sys.argv[0]
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def getgitenv(user, date):
+    env = ''
+    elems = re.compile('(.*?)\s+<(.*)>').match(user)
+    if elems:
+        env += 'export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="%s" ;' % elems.group(1)
+        env += 'export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="%s" ;' % elems.group(1)
+        env += 'export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="%s" ;' % elems.group(2)
+        env += 'export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="%s" ;' % elems.group(2)
+    else:
+        env += 'export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="%s" ;' % user
+        env += 'export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="%s" ;' % user
+        env += 'export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL= ;'
+        env += 'export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL= ;'
+
+    env += 'export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="%s" ;' % date
+    env += 'export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="%s" ;' % date
+    return env
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+state = ''
+opt_nrepack = 0
+verbose = False
+
+try:
+    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 's:t:n:v', ['gitstate=', 'tempdir=', 'nrepack=', 'verbose'])
+    for o, a in opts:
+        if o in ('-s', '--gitstate'):
+            state = a
+            state = os.path.abspath(state)
+        if o in ('-n', '--nrepack'):
+            opt_nrepack = int(a)
+        if o in ('-v', '--verbose'):
+            verbose = True
+    if len(args) != 1:
+        raise Exception('params')
+except:
+    usage()
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+hgprj = args[0]
+os.chdir(hgprj)
+
+if state:
+    if os.path.exists(state):
+        if verbose:
+            print 'State does exist, reading'
+        f = open(state, 'r')
+        hgvers = pickle.load(f)
+    else:
+        print 'State does not exist, first run'
+
+sock = os.popen('hg tip --template "{rev}"')
+tip = sock.read()
+if sock.close():
+    sys.exit(1)
+if verbose:
+    print 'tip is', tip
+
+# Calculate the branches
+if verbose:
+    print 'analysing the branches...'
+hgchildren["0"] = ()
+hgparents["0"] = (None, None)
+hgbranch["0"] = "master"
+for cset in range(1, int(tip) + 1):
+    hgchildren[str(cset)] = ()
+    prnts = os.popen('hg log -r %d --template "{parents}"' % cset).read().strip().split(' ')
+    prnts = map(lambda x: x[:x.find(':')], prnts)
+    if prnts[0] != '':
+        parent = prnts[0].strip()
+    else:
+        parent = str(cset - 1)
+    hgchildren[parent] += ( str(cset), )
+    if len(prnts) > 1:
+        mparent = prnts[1].strip()
+        hgchildren[mparent] += ( str(cset), )
+    else:
+        mparent = None
+
+    hgparents[str(cset)] = (parent, mparent)
+
+    if mparent:
+        # For merge changesets, take either one, preferably the 'master' branch
+        if hgbranch[mparent] == 'master':
+            hgbranch[str(cset)] = 'master'
+        else:
+            hgbranch[str(cset)] = hgbranch[parent]
+    else:
+        # Normal changesets
+        # For first children, take the parent branch, for the others create a new branch
+        if hgchildren[parent][0] == str(cset):
+            hgbranch[str(cset)] = hgbranch[parent]
+        else:
+            hgbranch[str(cset)] = "branch-" + str(cset)
+
+if not hgvers.has_key("0"):
+    print 'creating repository'
+    os.system('git init')
+
+# loop through every hg changeset
+for cset in range(int(tip) + 1):
+
+    # incremental, already seen
+    if hgvers.has_key(str(cset)):
+        continue
+    hgnewcsets += 1
+
+    # get info
+    log_data = os.popen('hg log -r %d --template "{tags}\n{date|date}\n{author}\n"' % cset).readlines()
+    tag = log_data[0].strip()
+    date = log_data[1].strip()
+    user = log_data[2].strip()
+    parent = hgparents[str(cset)][0]
+    mparent = hgparents[str(cset)][1]
+
+    #get comment
+    (fdcomment, filecomment) = tempfile.mkstemp()
+    csetcomment = os.popen('hg log -r %d --template "{desc}"' % cset).read().strip()
+    os.write(fdcomment, csetcomment)
+    os.close(fdcomment)
+
+    print '-----------------------------------------'
+    print 'cset:', cset
+    print 'branch:', hgbranch[str(cset)]
+    print 'user:', user
+    print 'date:', date
+    print 'comment:', csetcomment
+    if parent:
+	print 'parent:', parent
+    if mparent:
+        print 'mparent:', mparent
+    if tag:
+        print 'tag:', tag
+    print '-----------------------------------------'
+
+    # checkout the parent if necessary
+    if cset != 0:
+        if hgbranch[str(cset)] == "branch-" + str(cset):
+            print 'creating new branch', hgbranch[str(cset)]
+            os.system('git checkout -b %s %s' % (hgbranch[str(cset)], hgvers[parent]))
+        else:
+            print 'checking out branch', hgbranch[str(cset)]
+            os.system('git checkout %s' % hgbranch[str(cset)])
+
+    # merge
+    if mparent:
+        if hgbranch[parent] == hgbranch[str(cset)]:
+            otherbranch = hgbranch[mparent]
+        else:
+            otherbranch = hgbranch[parent]
+        print 'merging', otherbranch, 'into', hgbranch[str(cset)]
+        os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git merge --no-commit -s ours "" %s %s' % (hgbranch[str(cset)], otherbranch))
+
+    # remove everything except .git and .hg directories
+    os.system('find . \( -path "./.hg" -o -path "./.git" \) -prune -o ! -name "." -print | xargs rm -rf')
+
+    # repopulate with checkouted files
+    os.system('hg update -C %d' % cset)
+
+    # add new files
+    os.system('git ls-files -x .hg --others | git update-index --add --stdin')
+    # delete removed files
+    os.system('git ls-files -x .hg --deleted | git update-index --remove --stdin')
+
+    # commit
+    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty -a -F %s' % filecomment)
+    os.unlink(filecomment)
+
+    # tag
+    if tag and tag != 'tip':
+        os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git tag %s' % tag)
+
+    # delete branch if not used anymore...
+    if mparent and len(hgchildren[str(cset)]):
+        print "Deleting unused branch:", otherbranch
+        os.system('git branch -d %s' % otherbranch)
+
+    # retrieve and record the version
+    vvv = os.popen('git show --quiet --pretty=format:%H').read()
+    print 'record', cset, '->', vvv
+    hgvers[str(cset)] = vvv
+
+if hgnewcsets >= opt_nrepack and opt_nrepack != -1:
+    os.system('git repack -a -d')
+
+# write the state for incrementals
+if state:
+    if verbose:
+        print 'Writing state'
+    f = open(state, 'w')
+    pickle.dump(hgvers, f)
+
+# vim: et ts=8 sw=4 sts=4
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.txt b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91f8fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+hg-to-git.py is able to convert a Mercurial repository into a git one,
+and preserves the branches in the process (unlike tailor)
+
+hg-to-git.py can probably be greatly improved (it's a rather crude
+combination of shell and python) but it does already work quite well for
+me. Features:
+	- supports incremental conversion
+	  (for keeping a git repo in sync with a hg one)
+        - supports hg branches
+        - converts hg tags
+
+Note that the git repository will be created 'in place' (at the same
+location as the source hg repo). You will have to manually remove the
+'.hg' directory after the conversion.
+
+Also note that the incremental conversion uses 'simple' hg changesets
+identifiers (ordinals, as opposed to SHA-1 ids), and since these ids
+are not stable across different repositories the hg-to-git.py state file
+is forever tied to one hg repository.
+
+Stelian Pop <stelian@popies.net>
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..58a35c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -0,0 +1,689 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
+#
+# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.  This hook
+# sends emails listing new revisions to the repository introduced by the
+# change being reported.  The rule is that (for branch updates) each commit
+# will appear on one email and one email only.
+#
+# This hook is stored in the contrib/hooks directory.  Your distribution
+# will have put this somewhere standard.  You should make this script
+# executable then link to it in the repository you would like to use it in.
+# For example, on debian the hook is stored in
+# /usr/share/doc/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email:
+#
+#  chmod a+x post-receive-email
+#  cd /path/to/your/repository.git
+#  ln -sf /usr/share/doc/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email hooks/post-receive
+#
+# This hook script assumes it is enabled on the central repository of a
+# project, with all users pushing only to it and not between each other.  It
+# will still work if you don't operate in that style, but it would become
+# possible for the email to be from someone other than the person doing the
+# push.
+#
+# Config
+# ------
+# hooks.mailinglist
+#   This is the list that all pushes will go to; leave it blank to not send
+#   emails for every ref update.
+# hooks.announcelist
+#   This is the list that all pushes of annotated tags will go to.  Leave it
+#   blank to default to the mailinglist field.  The announce emails lists
+#   the short log summary of the changes since the last annotated tag.
+# hooks.envelopesender
+#   If set then the -f option is passed to sendmail to allow the envelope
+#   sender address to be set
+# hooks.emailprefix
+#   All emails have their subjects prefixed with this prefix, or "[SCM]"
+#   if emailprefix is unset, to aid filtering
+# hooks.showrev
+#   The shell command used to format each revision in the email, with
+#   "%s" replaced with the commit id.  Defaults to "git rev-list -1
+#   --pretty %s", displaying the commit id, author, date and log
+#   message.  To list full patches separated by a blank line, you
+#   could set this to "git show -C %s; echo".
+#   To list a gitweb/cgit URL *and* a full patch for each change set, use this:
+#     "t=%s; printf 'http://.../?id=%%s' \$t; echo;echo; git show -C \$t; echo"
+#   Be careful if "..." contains things that will be expanded by shell "eval"
+#   or printf.
+#
+# Notes
+# -----
+# All emails include the headers "X-Git-Refname", "X-Git-Oldrev",
+# "X-Git-Newrev", and "X-Git-Reftype" to enable fine tuned filtering and
+# give information for debugging.
+#
+
+# ---------------------------- Functions
+
+#
+# Top level email generation function.  This decides what type of update
+# this is and calls the appropriate body-generation routine after outputting
+# the common header
+#
+# Note this function doesn't actually generate any email output, that is
+# taken care of by the functions it calls:
+#  - generate_email_header
+#  - generate_create_XXXX_email
+#  - generate_update_XXXX_email
+#  - generate_delete_XXXX_email
+#  - generate_email_footer
+#
+generate_email()
+{
+	# --- Arguments
+	oldrev=$(git rev-parse $1)
+	newrev=$(git rev-parse $2)
+	refname="$3"
+
+	# --- Interpret
+	# 0000->1234 (create)
+	# 1234->2345 (update)
+	# 2345->0000 (delete)
+	if expr "$oldrev" : '0*$' >/dev/null
+	then
+		change_type="create"
+	else
+		if expr "$newrev" : '0*$' >/dev/null
+		then
+			change_type="delete"
+		else
+			change_type="update"
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	# --- Get the revision types
+	newrev_type=$(git cat-file -t $newrev 2> /dev/null)
+	oldrev_type=$(git cat-file -t "$oldrev" 2> /dev/null)
+	case "$change_type" in
+	create|update)
+		rev="$newrev"
+		rev_type="$newrev_type"
+		;;
+	delete)
+		rev="$oldrev"
+		rev_type="$oldrev_type"
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# The revision type tells us what type the commit is, combined with
+	# the location of the ref we can decide between
+	#  - working branch
+	#  - tracking branch
+	#  - unannoted tag
+	#  - annotated tag
+	case "$refname","$rev_type" in
+		refs/tags/*,commit)
+			# un-annotated tag
+			refname_type="tag"
+			short_refname=${refname##refs/tags/}
+			;;
+		refs/tags/*,tag)
+			# annotated tag
+			refname_type="annotated tag"
+			short_refname=${refname##refs/tags/}
+			# change recipients
+			if [ -n "$announcerecipients" ]; then
+				recipients="$announcerecipients"
+			fi
+			;;
+		refs/heads/*,commit)
+			# branch
+			refname_type="branch"
+			short_refname=${refname##refs/heads/}
+			;;
+		refs/remotes/*,commit)
+			# tracking branch
+			refname_type="tracking branch"
+			short_refname=${refname##refs/remotes/}
+			echo >&2 "*** Push-update of tracking branch, $refname"
+			echo >&2 "***  - no email generated."
+			exit 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			# Anything else (is there anything else?)
+			echo >&2 "*** Unknown type of update to $refname ($rev_type)"
+			echo >&2 "***  - no email generated"
+			exit 1
+			;;
+	esac
+
+	# Check if we've got anyone to send to
+	if [ -z "$recipients" ]; then
+		case "$refname_type" in
+			"annotated tag")
+				config_name="hooks.announcelist"
+				;;
+			*)
+				config_name="hooks.mailinglist"
+				;;
+		esac
+		echo >&2 "*** $config_name is not set so no email will be sent"
+		echo >&2 "*** for $refname update $oldrev->$newrev"
+		exit 0
+	fi
+
+	# Email parameters
+	# The email subject will contain the best description of the ref
+	# that we can build from the parameters
+	describe=$(git describe $rev 2>/dev/null)
+	if [ -z "$describe" ]; then
+		describe=$rev
+	fi
+
+	generate_email_header
+
+	# Call the correct body generation function
+	fn_name=general
+	case "$refname_type" in
+	"tracking branch"|branch)
+		fn_name=branch
+		;;
+	"annotated tag")
+		fn_name=atag
+		;;
+	esac
+	generate_${change_type}_${fn_name}_email
+
+	generate_email_footer
+}
+
+generate_email_header()
+{
+	# --- Email (all stdout will be the email)
+	# Generate header
+	cat <<-EOF
+	To: $recipients
+	Subject: ${emailprefix}$projectdesc $refname_type, $short_refname, ${change_type}d. $describe
+	X-Git-Refname: $refname
+	X-Git-Reftype: $refname_type
+	X-Git-Oldrev: $oldrev
+	X-Git-Newrev: $newrev
+
+	This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
+	generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
+	the project "$projectdesc".
+
+	The $refname_type, $short_refname has been ${change_type}d
+	EOF
+}
+
+generate_email_footer()
+{
+	SPACE=" "
+	cat <<-EOF
+
+
+	hooks/post-receive
+	--${SPACE}
+	$projectdesc
+	EOF
+}
+
+# --------------- Branches
+
+#
+# Called for the creation of a branch
+#
+generate_create_branch_email()
+{
+	# This is a new branch and so oldrev is not valid
+	echo "        at  $newrev ($newrev_type)"
+	echo ""
+
+	echo $LOGBEGIN
+	show_new_revisions
+	echo $LOGEND
+}
+
+#
+# Called for the change of a pre-existing branch
+#
+generate_update_branch_email()
+{
+	# Consider this:
+	#   1 --- 2 --- O --- X --- 3 --- 4 --- N
+	#
+	# O is $oldrev for $refname
+	# N is $newrev for $refname
+	# X is a revision pointed to by some other ref, for which we may
+	#   assume that an email has already been generated.
+	# In this case we want to issue an email containing only revisions
+	# 3, 4, and N.  Given (almost) by
+	#
+	#  git rev-list N ^O --not --all
+	#
+	# The reason for the "almost", is that the "--not --all" will take
+	# precedence over the "N", and effectively will translate to
+	#
+	#  git rev-list N ^O ^X ^N
+	#
+	# So, we need to build up the list more carefully.  git rev-parse
+	# will generate a list of revs that may be fed into git rev-list.
+	# We can get it to make the "--not --all" part and then filter out
+	# the "^N" with:
+	#
+	#  git rev-parse --not --all | grep -v N
+	#
+	# Then, using the --stdin switch to git rev-list we have effectively
+	# manufactured
+	#
+	#  git rev-list N ^O ^X
+	#
+	# This leaves a problem when someone else updates the repository
+	# while this script is running.  Their new value of the ref we're
+	# working on would be included in the "--not --all" output; and as
+	# our $newrev would be an ancestor of that commit, it would exclude
+	# all of our commits.  What we really want is to exclude the current
+	# value of $refname from the --not list, rather than N itself.  So:
+	#
+	#  git rev-parse --not --all | grep -v $(git rev-parse $refname)
+	#
+	# Get's us to something pretty safe (apart from the small time
+	# between refname being read, and git rev-parse running - for that,
+	# I give up)
+	#
+	#
+	# Next problem, consider this:
+	#   * --- B --- * --- O ($oldrev)
+	#          \
+	#           * --- X --- * --- N ($newrev)
+	#
+	# That is to say, there is no guarantee that oldrev is a strict
+	# subset of newrev (it would have required a --force, but that's
+	# allowed).  So, we can't simply say rev-list $oldrev..$newrev.
+	# Instead we find the common base of the two revs and list from
+	# there.
+	#
+	# As above, we need to take into account the presence of X; if
+	# another branch is already in the repository and points at some of
+	# the revisions that we are about to output - we don't want them.
+	# The solution is as before: git rev-parse output filtered.
+	#
+	# Finally, tags: 1 --- 2 --- O --- T --- 3 --- 4 --- N
+	#
+	# Tags pushed into the repository generate nice shortlog emails that
+	# summarise the commits between them and the previous tag.  However,
+	# those emails don't include the full commit messages that we output
+	# for a branch update.  Therefore we still want to output revisions
+	# that have been output on a tag email.
+	#
+	# Luckily, git rev-parse includes just the tool.  Instead of using
+	# "--all" we use "--branches"; this has the added benefit that
+	# "remotes/" will be ignored as well.
+
+	# List all of the revisions that were removed by this update, in a
+	# fast-forward update, this list will be empty, because rev-list O
+	# ^N is empty.  For a non-fast-forward, O ^N is the list of removed
+	# revisions
+	fast_forward=""
+	rev=""
+	for rev in $(git rev-list $newrev..$oldrev)
+	do
+		revtype=$(git cat-file -t "$rev")
+		echo "  discards  $rev ($revtype)"
+	done
+	if [ -z "$rev" ]; then
+		fast_forward=1
+	fi
+
+	# List all the revisions from baserev to newrev in a kind of
+	# "table-of-contents"; note this list can include revisions that
+	# have already had notification emails and is present to show the
+	# full detail of the change from rolling back the old revision to
+	# the base revision and then forward to the new revision
+	for rev in $(git rev-list $oldrev..$newrev)
+	do
+		revtype=$(git cat-file -t "$rev")
+		echo "       via  $rev ($revtype)"
+	done
+
+	if [ "$fast_forward" ]; then
+		echo "      from  $oldrev ($oldrev_type)"
+	else
+		#  1. Existing revisions were removed.  In this case newrev
+		#     is a subset of oldrev - this is the reverse of a
+		#     fast-forward, a rewind
+		#  2. New revisions were added on top of an old revision,
+		#     this is a rewind and addition.
+
+		# (1) certainly happened, (2) possibly.  When (2) hasn't
+		# happened, we set a flag to indicate that no log printout
+		# is required.
+
+		echo ""
+
+		# Find the common ancestor of the old and new revisions and
+		# compare it with newrev
+		baserev=$(git merge-base $oldrev $newrev)
+		rewind_only=""
+		if [ "$baserev" = "$newrev" ]; then
+			echo "This update discarded existing revisions and left the branch pointing at"
+			echo "a previous point in the repository history."
+			echo ""
+			echo " * -- * -- N ($newrev)"
+			echo "            \\"
+			echo "             O -- O -- O ($oldrev)"
+			echo ""
+			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarilly gone - if another reference"
+			echo "still refers to them they will stay in the repository."
+			rewind_only=1
+		else
+			echo "This update added new revisions after undoing existing revisions.  That is"
+			echo "to say, the old revision is not a strict subset of the new revision.  This"
+			echo "situation occurs when you --force push a change and generate a repository"
+			echo "containing something like this:"
+			echo ""
+			echo " * -- * -- B -- O -- O -- O ($oldrev)"
+			echo "            \\"
+			echo "             N -- N -- N ($newrev)"
+			echo ""
+			echo "When this happens we assume that you've already had alert emails for all"
+			echo "of the O revisions, and so we here report only the revisions in the N"
+			echo "branch from the common base, B."
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	echo ""
+	if [ -z "$rewind_only" ]; then
+		echo "Those revisions listed above that are new to this repository have"
+		echo "not appeared on any other notification email; so we list those"
+		echo "revisions in full, below."
+
+		echo ""
+		echo $LOGBEGIN
+		show_new_revisions
+
+		# XXX: Need a way of detecting whether git rev-list actually
+		# outputted anything, so that we can issue a "no new
+		# revisions added by this update" message
+
+		echo $LOGEND
+	else
+		echo "No new revisions were added by this update."
+	fi
+
+	# The diffstat is shown from the old revision to the new revision.
+	# This is to show the truth of what happened in this change.
+	# There's no point showing the stat from the base to the new
+	# revision because the base is effectively a random revision at this
+	# point - the user will be interested in what this revision changed
+	# - including the undoing of previous revisions in the case of
+	# non-fast-forward updates.
+	echo ""
+	echo "Summary of changes:"
+	git diff-tree --stat --summary --find-copies-harder $oldrev..$newrev
+}
+
+#
+# Called for the deletion of a branch
+#
+generate_delete_branch_email()
+{
+	echo "       was  $oldrev"
+	echo ""
+	echo $LOGEND
+	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	echo $LOGEND
+}
+
+# --------------- Annotated tags
+
+#
+# Called for the creation of an annotated tag
+#
+generate_create_atag_email()
+{
+	echo "        at  $newrev ($newrev_type)"
+
+	generate_atag_email
+}
+
+#
+# Called for the update of an annotated tag (this is probably a rare event
+# and may not even be allowed)
+#
+generate_update_atag_email()
+{
+	echo "        to  $newrev ($newrev_type)"
+	echo "      from  $oldrev (which is now obsolete)"
+
+	generate_atag_email
+}
+
+#
+# Called when an annotated tag is created or changed
+#
+generate_atag_email()
+{
+	# Use git for-each-ref to pull out the individual fields from the
+	# tag
+	eval $(git for-each-ref --shell --format='
+	tagobject=%(*objectname)
+	tagtype=%(*objecttype)
+	tagger=%(taggername)
+	tagged=%(taggerdate)' $refname
+	)
+
+	echo "   tagging  $tagobject ($tagtype)"
+	case "$tagtype" in
+	commit)
+
+		# If the tagged object is a commit, then we assume this is a
+		# release, and so we calculate which tag this tag is
+		# replacing
+		prevtag=$(git describe --abbrev=0 $newrev^ 2>/dev/null)
+
+		if [ -n "$prevtag" ]; then
+			echo "  replaces  $prevtag"
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "    length  $(git cat-file -s $tagobject) bytes"
+		;;
+	esac
+	echo " tagged by  $tagger"
+	echo "        on  $tagged"
+
+	echo ""
+	echo $LOGBEGIN
+
+	# Show the content of the tag message; this might contain a change
+	# log or release notes so is worth displaying.
+	git cat-file tag $newrev | sed -e '1,/^$/d'
+
+	echo ""
+	case "$tagtype" in
+	commit)
+		# Only commit tags make sense to have rev-list operations
+		# performed on them
+		if [ -n "$prevtag" ]; then
+			# Show changes since the previous release
+			git rev-list --pretty=short "$prevtag..$newrev" | git shortlog
+		else
+			# No previous tag, show all the changes since time
+			# began
+			git rev-list --pretty=short $newrev | git shortlog
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		# XXX: Is there anything useful we can do for non-commit
+		# objects?
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	echo $LOGEND
+}
+
+#
+# Called for the deletion of an annotated tag
+#
+generate_delete_atag_email()
+{
+	echo "       was  $oldrev"
+	echo ""
+	echo $LOGEND
+	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	echo $LOGEND
+}
+
+# --------------- General references
+
+#
+# Called when any other type of reference is created (most likely a
+# non-annotated tag)
+#
+generate_create_general_email()
+{
+	echo "        at  $newrev ($newrev_type)"
+
+	generate_general_email
+}
+
+#
+# Called when any other type of reference is updated (most likely a
+# non-annotated tag)
+#
+generate_update_general_email()
+{
+	echo "        to  $newrev ($newrev_type)"
+	echo "      from  $oldrev"
+
+	generate_general_email
+}
+
+#
+# Called for creation or update of any other type of reference
+#
+generate_general_email()
+{
+	# Unannotated tags are more about marking a point than releasing a
+	# version; therefore we don't do the shortlog summary that we do for
+	# annotated tags above - we simply show that the point has been
+	# marked, and print the log message for the marked point for
+	# reference purposes
+	#
+	# Note this section also catches any other reference type (although
+	# there aren't any) and deals with them in the same way.
+
+	echo ""
+	if [ "$newrev_type" = "commit" ]; then
+		echo $LOGBEGIN
+		git show --no-color --root -s --pretty=medium $newrev
+		echo $LOGEND
+	else
+		# What can we do here?  The tag marks an object that is not
+		# a commit, so there is no log for us to display.  It's
+		# probably not wise to output git cat-file as it could be a
+		# binary blob.  We'll just say how big it is
+		echo "$newrev is a $newrev_type, and is $(git cat-file -s $newrev) bytes long."
+	fi
+}
+
+#
+# Called for the deletion of any other type of reference
+#
+generate_delete_general_email()
+{
+	echo "       was  $oldrev"
+	echo ""
+	echo $LOGEND
+	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	echo $LOGEND
+}
+
+
+# --------------- Miscellaneous utilities
+
+#
+# Show new revisions as the user would like to see them in the email.
+#
+show_new_revisions()
+{
+	# This shows all log entries that are not already covered by
+	# another ref - i.e. commits that are now accessible from this
+	# ref that were previously not accessible
+	# (see generate_update_branch_email for the explanation of this
+	# command)
+
+	# Revision range passed to rev-list differs for new vs. updated
+	# branches.
+	if [ "$change_type" = create ]
+	then
+		# Show all revisions exclusive to this (new) branch.
+		revspec=$newrev
+	else
+		# Branch update; show revisions not part of $oldrev.
+		revspec=$oldrev..$newrev
+	fi
+
+	other_branches=$(git for-each-ref --format='%(refname)' refs/heads/ |
+	    grep -F -v $refname)
+	git rev-parse --not $other_branches |
+	if [ -z "$custom_showrev" ]
+	then
+		git rev-list --pretty --stdin $revspec
+	else
+		git rev-list --stdin $revspec |
+		while read onerev
+		do
+			eval $(printf "$custom_showrev" $onerev)
+		done
+	fi
+}
+
+
+send_mail()
+{
+	if [ -n "$envelopesender" ]; then
+		/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -f "$envelopesender"
+	else
+		/usr/sbin/sendmail -t
+	fi
+}
+
+# ---------------------------- main()
+
+# --- Constants
+LOGBEGIN="- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------"
+LOGEND="-----------------------------------------------------------------------"
+
+# --- Config
+# Set GIT_DIR either from the working directory, or from the environment
+# variable.
+GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null)
+if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
+	echo >&2 "fatal: post-receive: GIT_DIR not set"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+projectdesc=$(sed -ne '1p' "$GIT_DIR/description")
+# Check if the description is unchanged from it's default, and shorten it to
+# a more manageable length if it is
+if expr "$projectdesc" : "Unnamed repository.*$" >/dev/null
+then
+	projectdesc="UNNAMED PROJECT"
+fi
+
+recipients=$(git config hooks.mailinglist)
+announcerecipients=$(git config hooks.announcelist)
+envelopesender=$(git config hooks.envelopesender)
+emailprefix=$(git config hooks.emailprefix || echo '[SCM] ')
+custom_showrev=$(git config hooks.showrev)
+
+# --- Main loop
+# Allow dual mode: run from the command line just like the update hook, or
+# if no arguments are given then run as a hook script
+if [ -n "$1" -a -n "$2" -a -n "$3" ]; then
+	# Output to the terminal in command line mode - if someone wanted to
+	# resend an email; they could redirect the output to sendmail
+	# themselves
+	PAGER= generate_email $2 $3 $1
+else
+	while read oldrev newrev refname
+	do
+		generate_email $oldrev $newrev $refname | send_mail
+	done
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery b/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f914c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify if you are on battery, in case you
+# are running Linux or OS X. Called by git-gc --auto with no arguments.
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an appropriate
+# message if it wants to stop the auto repacking.
+#
+# This hook is stored in the contrib/hooks directory. Your distribution
+# may have put this somewhere else. If you want to use this hook, you
+# should make this script executable then link to it in the repository
+# you would like to use it in.
+#
+# For example, if the hook is stored in
+# /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery:
+#
+# chmod a+x pre-auto-gc-battery
+# cd /path/to/your/repository.git
+# ln -sf /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery \
+#	hooks/pre-auto-gc
+
+if test -x /sbin/on_ac_power && /sbin/on_ac_power
+then
+	exit 0
+elif test "$(cat /sys/class/power_supply/AC/online 2>/dev/null)" = 1
+then
+	exit 0
+elif grep -q 'on-line' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/AC/state 2>/dev/null
+then
+	exit 0
+elif grep -q '0x01$' /proc/apm 2>/dev/null
+then
+	exit 0
+elif grep -q "AC Power \+: 1" /proc/pmu/info 2>/dev/null
+then
+	exit 0
+elif test -x /usr/bin/pmset && /usr/bin/pmset -g batt |
+	grep -q "Currently drawing from 'AC Power'"
+then
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+echo "Auto packing deferred; not on AC"
+exit 1
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a577ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Josh England
+#
+# This script can be used to save/restore full permissions and ownership data
+# within a git working tree.
+#
+# To save permissions/ownership data, place this script in your .git/hooks
+# directory and enable a `pre-commit` hook with the following lines:
+#      #!/bin/sh
+#     SUBDIRECTORY_OK=1 . git-sh-setup
+#     $GIT_DIR/hooks/setgitperms.perl -r
+#
+# To restore permissions/ownership data, place this script in your .git/hooks
+# directory and enable a `post-merge` and `post-checkout` hook with the
+# following lines:
+#      #!/bin/sh
+#     SUBDIRECTORY_OK=1 . git-sh-setup
+#     $GIT_DIR/hooks/setgitperms.perl -w
+#
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Find;
+use File::Basename;
+
+my $usage =
+"Usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
+This program uses a file `.gitmeta` to store/restore permissions and uid/gid
+info for all files/dirs tracked by git in the repository.
+
+---------------------------------Read Mode-------------------------------------
+-r,  --read         Reads perms/etc from working dir into a .gitmeta file
+-s,  --stdout       Output to stdout instead of .gitmeta
+-d,  --diff         Show unified diff of perms file (XOR with --stdout)
+
+---------------------------------Write Mode------------------------------------
+-w,  --write        Modify perms/etc in working dir to match the .gitmeta file
+-v,  --verbose      Be verbose
+
+\n";
+
+my ($stdout, $showdiff, $verbose, $read_mode, $write_mode);
+
+if ((@ARGV < 0) || !GetOptions(
+			       "stdout",         \$stdout,
+			       "diff",           \$showdiff,
+			       "read",           \$read_mode,
+			       "write",          \$write_mode,
+			       "verbose",        \$verbose,
+			      )) { die $usage; }
+die $usage unless ($read_mode xor $write_mode);
+
+my $topdir = `git rev-parse --show-cdup` or die "\n"; chomp $topdir;
+my $gitdir = $topdir . '.git';
+my $gitmeta = $topdir . '.gitmeta';
+
+if ($write_mode) {
+    # Update the working dir permissions/ownership based on data from .gitmeta
+    open (IN, "<$gitmeta") or die "Could not open $gitmeta for reading: $!\n";
+    while (defined ($_ = <IN>)) {
+	chomp;
+	if (/^(.*)  mode=(\S+)\s+uid=(\d+)\s+gid=(\d+)/) {
+	    # Compare recorded perms to actual perms in the working dir
+	    my ($path, $mode, $uid, $gid) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+	    my $fullpath = $topdir . $path;
+	    my (undef,undef,$wmode,undef,$wuid,$wgid) = lstat($fullpath);
+	    $wmode = sprintf "%04o", $wmode & 07777;
+	    if ($mode ne $wmode) {
+		$verbose && print "Updating permissions on $path: old=$wmode, new=$mode\n";
+		chmod oct($mode), $fullpath;
+	    }
+	    if ($uid != $wuid || $gid != $wgid) {
+		if ($verbose) {
+		    # Print out user/group names instead of uid/gid
+		    my $pwname  = getpwuid($uid);
+		    my $grpname  = getgrgid($gid);
+		    my $wpwname  = getpwuid($wuid);
+		    my $wgrpname  = getgrgid($wgid);
+		    $pwname = $uid if !defined $pwname;
+		    $grpname = $gid if !defined $grpname;
+		    $wpwname = $wuid if !defined $wpwname;
+		    $wgrpname = $wgid if !defined $wgrpname;
+
+		    print "Updating uid/gid on $path: old=$wpwname/$wgrpname, new=$pwname/$grpname\n";
+		}
+		chown $uid, $gid, $fullpath;
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    warn "Invalid input format in $gitmeta:\n\t$_\n";
+	}
+    }
+    close IN;
+}
+elsif ($read_mode) {
+    # Handle merge conflicts in the .gitperms file
+    if (-e "$gitdir/MERGE_MSG") {
+	if (`grep ====== $gitmeta`) {
+	    # Conflict not resolved -- abort the commit
+	    print "PERMISSIONS/OWNERSHIP CONFLICT\n";
+	    print "    Resolve the conflict in the $gitmeta file and then run\n";
+	    print "    `.git/hooks/setgitperms.perl --write` to reconcile.\n";
+	    exit 1;
+	}
+	elsif (`grep $gitmeta $gitdir/MERGE_MSG`) {
+	    # A conflict in .gitmeta has been manually resolved. Verify that
+	    # the working dir perms matches the current .gitmeta perms for
+	    # each file/dir that conflicted.
+	    # This is here because a `setgitperms.perl --write` was not
+	    # performed due to a merge conflict, so permissions/ownership
+	    # may not be consistent with the manually merged .gitmeta file.
+	    my @conflict_diff = `git show \$(cat $gitdir/MERGE_HEAD)`;
+	    my @conflict_files;
+	    my $metadiff = 0;
+
+	    # Build a list of files that conflicted from the .gitmeta diff
+	    foreach my $line (@conflict_diff) {
+		if ($line =~ m|^diff --git a/$gitmeta b/$gitmeta|) {
+		    $metadiff = 1;
+		}
+		elsif ($line =~ /^diff --git/) {
+		    $metadiff = 0;
+		}
+		elsif ($metadiff && $line =~ /^\+(.*)  mode=/) {
+		    push @conflict_files, $1;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    # Verify that each conflict file now has permissions consistent
+	    # with the .gitmeta file
+	    foreach my $file (@conflict_files) {
+		my $absfile = $topdir . $file;
+		my $gm_entry = `grep "^$file  mode=" $gitmeta`;
+		if ($gm_entry =~ /mode=(\d+)  uid=(\d+)  gid=(\d+)/) {
+		    my ($gm_mode, $gm_uid, $gm_gid) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		    my (undef,undef,$mode,undef,$uid,$gid) = lstat("$absfile");
+		    $mode = sprintf("%04o", $mode & 07777);
+		    if (($gm_mode ne $mode) || ($gm_uid != $uid)
+			|| ($gm_gid != $gid)) {
+			print "PERMISSIONS/OWNERSHIP CONFLICT\n";
+			print "    Mismatch found for file: $file\n";
+			print "    Run `.git/hooks/setgitperms.perl --write` to reconcile.\n";
+			exit 1;
+		    }
+		}
+		else {
+		    print "Warning! Permissions/ownership no longer being tracked for file: $file\n";
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    # No merge conflicts -- write out perms/ownership data to .gitmeta file
+    unless ($stdout) {
+	open (OUT, ">$gitmeta.tmp") or die "Could not open $gitmeta.tmp for writing: $!\n";
+    }
+
+    my @files = `git ls-files`;
+    my %dirs;
+
+    foreach my $path (@files) {
+	chomp $path;
+	# We have to manually add stats for parent directories
+	my $parent = dirname($path);
+	while (!exists $dirs{$parent}) {
+	    $dirs{$parent} = 1;
+	    next if $parent eq '.';
+	    printstats($parent);
+	    $parent = dirname($parent);
+	}
+	# Now the git-tracked file
+	printstats($path);
+    }
+
+    # diff the temporary metadata file to see if anything has changed
+    # If no metadata has changed, don't overwrite the real file
+    # This is just so `git commit -a` doesn't try to commit a bogus update
+    unless ($stdout) {
+	if (! -e $gitmeta) {
+	    rename "$gitmeta.tmp", $gitmeta;
+	}
+	else {
+	    my $diff = `diff -U 0 $gitmeta $gitmeta.tmp`;
+	    if ($diff ne '') {
+		rename "$gitmeta.tmp", $gitmeta;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		unlink "$gitmeta.tmp";
+	    }
+	    if ($showdiff) {
+		print $diff;
+	    }
+	}
+	close OUT;
+    }
+    # Make sure the .gitmeta file is tracked
+    system("git add $gitmeta");
+}
+
+
+sub printstats {
+    my $path = $_[0];
+    $path =~ s/@/\@/g;
+    my (undef,undef,$mode,undef,$uid,$gid) = lstat($path);
+    $path =~ s/%/\%/g;
+    if ($stdout) {
+	print $path;
+	printf "  mode=%04o  uid=$uid  gid=$gid\n", $mode & 07777;
+    }
+    else {
+	print OUT $path;
+	printf OUT "  mode=%04o  uid=$uid  gid=$gid\n", $mode & 07777;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid b/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d18b317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use File::Spec;
+
+$ENV{PATH}     = '/opt/git/bin';
+my $acl_git    = '/vcs/acls.git';
+my $acl_branch = 'refs/heads/master';
+my $debug      = 0;
+
+=doc
+Invoked as: update refname old-sha1 new-sha1
+
+This script is run by git-receive-pack once for each ref that the
+client is trying to modify.  If we exit with a non-zero exit value
+then the update for that particular ref is denied, but updates for
+other refs in the same run of receive-pack may still be allowed.
+
+We are run after the objects have been uploaded, but before the
+ref is actually modified.  We take advantage of that fact when we
+look for "new" commits and tags (the new objects won't show up in
+`rev-list --all`).
+
+This script loads and parses the content of the config file
+"users/$this_user.acl" from the $acl_branch commit of $acl_git ODB.
+The acl file is a git-config style file, but uses a slightly more
+restricted syntax as the Perl parser contained within this script
+is not nearly as permissive as git-config.
+
+Example:
+
+  [user]
+    committer = John Doe <john.doe@example.com>
+    committer = John R. Doe <john.doe@example.com>
+
+  [repository "acls"]
+    allow = heads/master
+    allow = CDUR for heads/jd/
+    allow = C    for ^tags/v\\d+$
+
+For all new commit or tag objects the committer (or tagger) line
+within the object must exactly match one of the user.committer
+values listed in the acl file ("HEAD:users/$this_user.acl").
+
+For a branch to be modified an allow line within the matching
+repository section must be matched for both the refname and the
+opcode.
+
+Repository sections are matched on the basename of the repository
+(after removing the .git suffix).
+
+The opcode abbrevations are:
+
+  C: create new ref
+  D: delete existing ref
+  U: fast-forward existing ref (no commit loss)
+  R: rewind/rebase existing ref (commit loss)
+
+if no opcodes are listed before the "for" keyword then "U" (for
+fast-forward update only) is assumed as this is the most common
+usage.
+
+Refnames are matched by always assuming a prefix of "refs/".
+This hook forbids pushing or deleting anything not under "refs/".
+
+Refnames that start with ^ are Perl regular expressions, and the ^
+is kept as part of the regexp.  \\ is needed to get just one \, so
+\\d expands to \d in Perl.  The 3rd allow line above is an example.
+
+Refnames that don't start with ^ but that end with / are prefix
+matches (2nd allow line above); all other refnames are strict
+equality matches (1st allow line).
+
+Anything pushed to "heads/" (ok, really "refs/heads/") must be
+a commit.  Tags are not permitted here.
+
+Anything pushed to "tags/" (err, really "refs/tags/") must be an
+annotated tag.  Commits, blobs, trees, etc. are not permitted here.
+Annotated tag signatures aren't checked, nor are they required.
+
+The special subrepository of 'info/new-commit-check' can
+be created and used to allow users to push new commits and
+tags from another local repository to this one, even if they
+aren't the committer/tagger of those objects.  In a nut shell
+the info/new-commit-check directory is a Git repository whose
+objects/info/alternates file lists this repository and all other
+possible sources, and whose refs subdirectory contains symlinks
+to this repository's refs subdirectory, and to all other possible
+sources refs subdirectories.  Yes, this means that you cannot
+use packed-refs in those repositories as they won't be resolved
+correctly.
+
+=cut
+
+my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+my $new_commit_check = "$git_dir/info/new-commit-check";
+my $ref = $ARGV[0];
+my $old = $ARGV[1];
+my $new = $ARGV[2];
+my $new_type;
+my ($this_user) = getpwuid $<; # REAL_USER_ID
+my $repository_name;
+my %user_committer;
+my @allow_rules;
+my @path_rules;
+my %diff_cache;
+
+sub deny ($) {
+	print STDERR "-Deny-    $_[0]\n" if $debug;
+	print STDERR "\ndenied: $_[0]\n\n";
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+sub grant ($) {
+	print STDERR "-Grant-   $_[0]\n" if $debug;
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+sub info ($) {
+	print STDERR "-Info-    $_[0]\n" if $debug;
+}
+
+sub git_value (@) {
+	open(T,'-|','git',@_); local $_ = <T>; chop; close T; $_;
+}
+
+sub match_string ($$) {
+	my ($acl_n, $ref) = @_;
+	   ($acl_n eq $ref)
+	|| ($acl_n =~ m,/$, && substr($ref,0,length $acl_n) eq $acl_n)
+	|| ($acl_n =~ m,^\^, && $ref =~ m:$acl_n:);
+}
+
+sub parse_config ($$$$) {
+	my $data = shift;
+	local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = shift;
+	my $br = shift;
+	my $fn = shift;
+	return unless git_value('rev-list','--max-count=1',$br,'--',$fn);
+	info "Loading $br:$fn";
+	open(I,'-|','git','cat-file','blob',"$br:$fn");
+	my $section = '';
+	while (<I>) {
+		chomp;
+		if (/^\s*$/ || /^\s*#/) {
+		} elsif (/^\[([a-z]+)\]$/i) {
+			$section = lc $1;
+		} elsif (/^\[([a-z]+)\s+"(.*)"\]$/i) {
+			$section = join('.',lc $1,$2);
+		} elsif (/^\s*([a-z][a-z0-9]+)\s*=\s*(.*?)\s*$/i) {
+			push @{$data->{join('.',$section,lc $1)}}, $2;
+		} else {
+			deny "bad config file line $. in $br:$fn";
+		}
+	}
+	close I;
+}
+
+sub all_new_committers () {
+	local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $new_commit_check if -d $new_commit_check;
+
+	info "Getting committers of new commits.";
+	my %used;
+	open(T,'-|','git','rev-list','--pretty=raw',$new,'--not','--all');
+	while (<T>) {
+		next unless s/^committer //;
+		chop;
+		s/>.*$/>/;
+		info "Found $_." unless $used{$_}++;
+	}
+	close T;
+	info "No new commits." unless %used;
+	keys %used;
+}
+
+sub all_new_taggers () {
+	my %exists;
+	open(T,'-|','git','for-each-ref','--format=%(objectname)','refs/tags');
+	while (<T>) {
+		chop;
+		$exists{$_} = 1;
+	}
+	close T;
+
+	info "Getting taggers of new tags.";
+	my %used;
+	my $obj = $new;
+	my $obj_type = $new_type;
+	while ($obj_type eq 'tag') {
+		last if $exists{$obj};
+		$obj_type = '';
+		open(T,'-|','git','cat-file','tag',$obj);
+		while (<T>) {
+			chop;
+			if (/^object ([a-z0-9]{40})$/) {
+				$obj = $1;
+			} elsif (/^type (.+)$/) {
+				$obj_type = $1;
+			} elsif (s/^tagger //) {
+				s/>.*$/>/;
+				info "Found $_." unless $used{$_}++;
+				last;
+			}
+		}
+		close T;
+	}
+	info "No new tags." unless %used;
+	keys %used;
+}
+
+sub check_committers (@) {
+	my @bad;
+	foreach (@_) { push @bad, $_ unless $user_committer{$_}; }
+	if (@bad) {
+		print STDERR "\n";
+		print STDERR "You are not $_.\n" foreach (sort @bad);
+		deny "You cannot push changes not committed by you.";
+	}
+}
+
+sub load_diff ($) {
+	my $base = shift;
+	my $d = $diff_cache{$base};
+	unless ($d) {
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		my %this_diff;
+		if ($base =~ /^0{40}$/) {
+			# Don't load the diff at all; we are making the
+			# branch and have no base to compare to in this
+			# case.  A file level ACL makes no sense in this
+			# context.  Having an empty diff will allow the
+			# branch creation.
+			#
+		} else {
+			open(T,'-|','git','diff-tree',
+				'-r','--name-status','-z',
+				$base,$new) or return undef;
+			while (<T>) {
+				my $op = $_;
+				chop $op;
+
+				my $path = <T>;
+				chop $path;
+
+				$this_diff{$path} = $op;
+			}
+			close T or return undef;
+		}
+		$d = \%this_diff;
+		$diff_cache{$base} = $d;
+	}
+	return $d;
+}
+
+deny "No GIT_DIR inherited from caller" unless $git_dir;
+deny "Need a ref name" unless $ref;
+deny "Refusing funny ref $ref" unless $ref =~ s,^refs/,,;
+deny "Bad old value $old" unless $old =~ /^[a-z0-9]{40}$/;
+deny "Bad new value $new" unless $new =~ /^[a-z0-9]{40}$/;
+deny "Cannot determine who you are." unless $this_user;
+grant "No change requested." if $old eq $new;
+
+$repository_name = File::Spec->rel2abs($git_dir);
+$repository_name =~ m,/([^/]+)(?:\.git|/\.git)$,;
+$repository_name = $1;
+info "Updating in '$repository_name'.";
+
+my $op;
+if    ($old =~ /^0{40}$/) { $op = 'C'; }
+elsif ($new =~ /^0{40}$/) { $op = 'D'; }
+else                      { $op = 'R'; }
+
+# This is really an update (fast-forward) if the
+# merge base of $old and $new is $old.
+#
+$op = 'U' if ($op eq 'R'
+	&& $ref =~ m,^heads/,
+	&& $old eq git_value('merge-base',$old,$new));
+
+# Load the user's ACL file. Expand groups (user.memberof) one level.
+{
+	my %data = ('user.committer' => []);
+	parse_config(\%data,$acl_git,$acl_branch,"external/$repository_name.acl");
+
+	%data = (
+		'user.committer' => $data{'user.committer'},
+		'user.memberof' => [],
+	);
+	parse_config(\%data,$acl_git,$acl_branch,"users/$this_user.acl");
+
+	%user_committer = map {$_ => $_} @{$data{'user.committer'}};
+	my $rule_key = "repository.$repository_name.allow";
+	my $rules = $data{$rule_key} || [];
+
+	foreach my $group (@{$data{'user.memberof'}}) {
+		my %g;
+		parse_config(\%g,$acl_git,$acl_branch,"groups/$group.acl");
+		my $group_rules = $g{$rule_key};
+		push @$rules, @$group_rules if $group_rules;
+	}
+
+RULE:
+	foreach (@$rules) {
+		while (/\${user\.([a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]+)}/) {
+			my $k = lc $1;
+			my $v = $data{"user.$k"};
+			next RULE unless defined $v;
+			next RULE if @$v != 1;
+			next RULE unless defined $v->[0];
+			s/\${user\.$k}/$v->[0]/g;
+		}
+
+		if (/^([AMD ]+)\s+of\s+([^\s]+)\s+for\s+([^\s]+)\s+diff\s+([^\s]+)$/) {
+			my ($ops, $pth, $ref, $bst) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+			$ops =~ s/ //g;
+			$pth =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+			$ref =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+			push @path_rules, [$ops, $pth, $ref, $bst];
+		} elsif (/^([AMD ]+)\s+of\s+([^\s]+)\s+for\s+([^\s]+)$/) {
+			my ($ops, $pth, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+			$ops =~ s/ //g;
+			$pth =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+			$ref =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+			push @path_rules, [$ops, $pth, $ref, $old];
+		} elsif (/^([CDRU ]+)\s+for\s+([^\s]+)$/) {
+			my $ops = $1;
+			my $ref = $2;
+			$ops =~ s/ //g;
+			$ref =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+			push @allow_rules, [$ops, $ref];
+		} elsif (/^for\s+([^\s]+)$/) {
+			# Mentioned, but nothing granted?
+		} elsif (/^[^\s]+$/) {
+			s/\\\\/\\/g;
+			push @allow_rules, ['U', $_];
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+if ($op ne 'D') {
+	$new_type = git_value('cat-file','-t',$new);
+
+	if ($ref =~ m,^heads/,) {
+		deny "$ref must be a commit." unless $new_type eq 'commit';
+	} elsif ($ref =~ m,^tags/,) {
+		deny "$ref must be an annotated tag." unless $new_type eq 'tag';
+	}
+
+	check_committers (all_new_committers);
+	check_committers (all_new_taggers) if $new_type eq 'tag';
+}
+
+info "$this_user wants $op for $ref";
+foreach my $acl_entry (@allow_rules) {
+	my ($acl_ops, $acl_n) = @$acl_entry;
+	next unless $acl_ops =~ /^[CDRU]+$/; # Uhh.... shouldn't happen.
+	next unless $acl_n;
+	next unless $op =~ /^[$acl_ops]$/;
+	next unless match_string $acl_n, $ref;
+
+	# Don't test path rules on branch deletes.
+	#
+	grant "Allowed by: $acl_ops for $acl_n" if $op eq 'D';
+
+	# Aggregate matching path rules; allow if there aren't
+	# any matching this ref.
+	#
+	my %pr;
+	foreach my $p_entry (@path_rules) {
+		my ($p_ops, $p_n, $p_ref, $p_bst) = @$p_entry;
+		next unless $p_ref;
+		push @{$pr{$p_bst}}, $p_entry if match_string $p_ref, $ref;
+	}
+	grant "Allowed by: $acl_ops for $acl_n" unless %pr;
+
+	# Allow only if all changes against a single base are
+	# allowed by file path rules.
+	#
+	my @bad;
+	foreach my $p_bst (keys %pr) {
+		my $diff_ref = load_diff $p_bst;
+		deny "Cannot difference trees." unless ref $diff_ref;
+
+		my %fd = %$diff_ref;
+		foreach my $p_entry (@{$pr{$p_bst}}) {
+			my ($p_ops, $p_n, $p_ref, $p_bst) = @$p_entry;
+			next unless $p_ops =~ /^[AMD]+$/;
+			next unless $p_n;
+
+			foreach my $f_n (keys %fd) {
+				my $f_op = $fd{$f_n};
+				next unless $f_op;
+				next unless $f_op =~ /^[$p_ops]$/;
+				delete $fd{$f_n} if match_string $p_n, $f_n;
+			}
+			last unless %fd;
+		}
+
+		if (%fd) {
+			push @bad, [$p_bst, \%fd];
+		} else {
+			# All changes relative to $p_bst were allowed.
+			#
+			grant "Allowed by: $acl_ops for $acl_n diff $p_bst";
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $bad_ref (@bad) {
+		my ($p_bst, $fd) = @$bad_ref;
+		print STDERR "\n";
+		print STDERR "Not allowed to make the following changes:\n";
+		print STDERR "(base: $p_bst)\n";
+		foreach my $f_n (sort keys %$fd) {
+			print STDERR "  $fd->{$f_n} $f_n\n";
+		}
+	}
+	deny "You are not permitted to $op $ref";
+}
+close A;
+deny "You are not permitted to $op $ref";
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/README b/contrib/p4import/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9892b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/p4import/README
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Please see contrib/fast-import/git-p4 for a better Perforce importer.
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f3d97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#
+# This tool is copyright (c) 2006, Sean Estabrooks.
+# It is released under the Gnu Public License, version 2.
+#
+# Import Perforce branches into Git repositories.
+# Checking out the files is done by calling the standard p4
+# client which you must have properly configured yourself
+#
+
+import marshal
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import getopt
+
+from signal import signal, \
+   SIGPIPE, SIGINT, SIG_DFL, \
+   default_int_handler
+
+signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL)
+s = signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL)
+if s != default_int_handler:
+   signal(SIGINT, s)
+
+def die(msg, *args):
+    for a in args:
+        msg = "%s %s" % (msg, a)
+    print "git-p4import fatal error:", msg
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+def usage():
+    print "USAGE: git-p4import [-q|-v]  [--authors=<file>]  [-t <timezone>]  [//p4repo/path <branch>]"
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+verbosity = 1
+logfile = "/dev/null"
+ignore_warnings = False
+stitch = 0
+tagall = True
+
+def report(level, msg, *args):
+    global verbosity
+    global logfile
+    for a in args:
+        msg = "%s %s" % (msg, a)
+    fd = open(logfile, "a")
+    fd.writelines(msg)
+    fd.close()
+    if level <= verbosity:
+        print msg
+
+class p4_command:
+    def __init__(self, _repopath):
+        try:
+            global logfile
+            self.userlist = {}
+            if _repopath[-1] == '/':
+                self.repopath = _repopath[:-1]
+            else:
+                self.repopath = _repopath
+            if self.repopath[-4:] != "/...":
+                self.repopath= "%s/..." % self.repopath
+            f=os.popen('p4 -V 2>>%s'%logfile, 'rb')
+            a = f.readlines()
+            if f.close():
+                raise
+        except:
+                die("Could not find the \"p4\" command")
+
+    def p4(self, cmd, *args):
+        global logfile
+        cmd = "%s %s" % (cmd, ' '.join(args))
+        report(2, "P4:", cmd)
+        f=os.popen('p4 -G %s 2>>%s' % (cmd,logfile), 'rb')
+        list = []
+        while 1:
+           try:
+                list.append(marshal.load(f))
+           except EOFError:
+                break
+        self.ret = f.close()
+        return list
+
+    def sync(self, id, force=False, trick=False, test=False):
+        if force:
+            ret = self.p4("sync -f %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
+        elif trick:
+            ret = self.p4("sync -k %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
+        elif test:
+            ret = self.p4("sync -n %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
+        else:
+            ret = self.p4("sync    %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
+        if ret['code'] == "error":
+             data = ret['data'].upper()
+             if data.find('VIEW') > 0:
+                 die("Perforce reports %s is not in client view"% self.repopath)
+             elif data.find('UP-TO-DATE') < 0:
+                 die("Could not sync files from perforce", self.repopath)
+
+    def changes(self, since=0):
+        try:
+            list = []
+            for rec in self.p4("changes %s@%s,#head" % (self.repopath, since+1)):
+                list.append(rec['change'])
+            list.reverse()
+            return list
+        except:
+            return []
+
+    def authors(self, filename):
+        f=open(filename)
+        for l in f.readlines():
+            self.userlist[l[:l.find('=')].rstrip()] = \
+                    (l[l.find('=')+1:l.find('<')].rstrip(),l[l.find('<')+1:l.find('>')])
+        f.close()
+        for f,e in self.userlist.items():
+                report(2, f, ":", e[0], "  <", e[1], ">")
+
+    def _get_user(self, id):
+        if not self.userlist.has_key(id):
+            try:
+                user = self.p4("users", id)[0]
+                self.userlist[id] = (user['FullName'], user['Email'])
+            except:
+                self.userlist[id] = (id, "")
+        return self.userlist[id]
+
+    def _format_date(self, ticks):
+        symbol='+'
+        name = time.tzname[0]
+        offset = time.timezone
+        if ticks[8]:
+            name = time.tzname[1]
+            offset = time.altzone
+        if offset < 0:
+            offset *= -1
+            symbol = '-'
+        localo = "%s%02d%02d %s" % (symbol, offset / 3600, offset % 3600, name)
+        tickso = time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", ticks)
+        return "%s %s" % (tickso, localo)
+
+    def where(self):
+        try:
+            return self.p4("where %s" % self.repopath)[-1]['path']
+        except:
+            return ""
+
+    def describe(self, num):
+        desc = self.p4("describe -s", num)[0]
+        self.msg = desc['desc']
+        self.author, self.email = self._get_user(desc['user'])
+        self.date = self._format_date(time.localtime(long(desc['time'])))
+        return self
+
+class git_command:
+    def __init__(self):
+        try:
+            self.version = self.git("--version")[0][12:].rstrip()
+        except:
+            die("Could not find the \"git\" command")
+        try:
+            self.gitdir = self.get_single("rev-parse --git-dir")
+            report(2, "gdir:", self.gitdir)
+        except:
+            die("Not a git repository... did you forget to \"git init\" ?")
+        try:
+            self.cdup = self.get_single("rev-parse --show-cdup")
+            if self.cdup != "":
+                os.chdir(self.cdup)
+            self.topdir = os.getcwd()
+            report(2, "topdir:", self.topdir)
+        except:
+            die("Could not find top git directory")
+
+    def git(self, cmd):
+        global logfile
+        report(2, "GIT:", cmd)
+        f=os.popen('git %s 2>>%s' % (cmd,logfile), 'rb')
+        r=f.readlines()
+        self.ret = f.close()
+        return r
+
+    def get_single(self, cmd):
+        return self.git(cmd)[0].rstrip()
+
+    def current_branch(self):
+        try:
+            testit = self.git("rev-parse --verify HEAD")[0]
+            return self.git("symbolic-ref HEAD")[0][11:].rstrip()
+        except:
+            return None
+
+    def get_config(self, variable):
+        try:
+            return self.git("config --get %s" % variable)[0].rstrip()
+        except:
+            return None
+
+    def set_config(self, variable, value):
+        try:
+            self.git("config %s %s"%(variable, value) )
+        except:
+            die("Could not set %s to " % variable, value)
+
+    def make_tag(self, name, head):
+        self.git("tag -f %s %s"%(name,head))
+
+    def top_change(self, branch):
+        try:
+            a=self.get_single("name-rev --tags refs/heads/%s" % branch)
+            loc = a.find(' tags/') + 6
+            if a[loc:loc+3] != "p4/":
+                raise
+            return int(a[loc+3:][:-2])
+        except:
+            return 0
+
+    def update_index(self):
+        self.git("ls-files -m -d -o -z | git update-index --add --remove -z --stdin")
+
+    def checkout(self, branch):
+        self.git("checkout %s" % branch)
+
+    def repoint_head(self, branch):
+        self.git("symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/%s" % branch)
+
+    def remove_files(self):
+        self.git("ls-files | xargs rm")
+
+    def clean_directories(self):
+        self.git("clean -d")
+
+    def fresh_branch(self, branch):
+        report(1, "Creating new branch", branch)
+        self.git("ls-files | xargs rm")
+        os.remove(".git/index")
+        self.repoint_head(branch)
+        self.git("clean -d")
+
+    def basedir(self):
+        return self.topdir
+
+    def commit(self, author, email, date, msg, id):
+        self.update_index()
+        fd=open(".msg", "w")
+        fd.writelines(msg)
+        fd.close()
+        try:
+                current = self.get_single("rev-parse --verify HEAD")
+                head = "-p HEAD"
+        except:
+                current = ""
+                head = ""
+        tree = self.get_single("write-tree")
+        for r,l in [('DATE',date),('NAME',author),('EMAIL',email)]:
+            os.environ['GIT_AUTHOR_%s'%r] = l
+            os.environ['GIT_COMMITTER_%s'%r] = l
+        commit = self.get_single("commit-tree %s %s < .msg" % (tree,head))
+        os.remove(".msg")
+        self.make_tag("p4/%s"%id, commit)
+        self.git("update-ref HEAD %s %s" % (commit, current) )
+
+try:
+    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "qhvt:",
+            ["authors=","help","stitch=","timezone=","log=","ignore","notags"])
+except getopt.GetoptError:
+    usage()
+
+for o, a in opts:
+    if o == "-q":
+        verbosity = 0
+    if o == "-v":
+        verbosity += 1
+    if o in ("--log"):
+        logfile = a
+    if o in ("--notags"):
+        tagall = False
+    if o in ("-h", "--help"):
+        usage()
+    if o in ("--ignore"):
+        ignore_warnings = True
+
+git = git_command()
+branch=git.current_branch()
+
+for o, a in opts:
+    if o in ("-t", "--timezone"):
+        git.set_config("perforce.timezone", a)
+    if o in ("--stitch"):
+        git.set_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch, a)
+        stitch = 1
+
+if len(args) == 2:
+    branch = args[1]
+    git.checkout(branch)
+    if branch == git.current_branch():
+        die("Branch %s already exists!" % branch)
+    report(1, "Setting perforce to ", args[0])
+    git.set_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch, args[0])
+elif len(args) != 0:
+    die("You must specify the perforce //depot/path and git branch")
+
+p4path = git.get_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch)
+if p4path == None:
+    die("Do not know Perforce //depot/path for git branch", branch)
+
+p4 = p4_command(p4path)
+
+for o, a in opts:
+    if o in ("-a", "--authors"):
+        p4.authors(a)
+
+localdir = git.basedir()
+if p4.where()[:len(localdir)] != localdir:
+    report(1, "**WARNING** Appears p4 client is misconfigured")
+    report(1, "   for sync from %s to %s" % (p4.repopath, localdir))
+    if ignore_warnings != True:
+        die("Reconfigure or use \"--ignore\" on command line")
+
+if stitch == 0:
+    top = git.top_change(branch)
+else:
+    top = 0
+changes = p4.changes(top)
+count = len(changes)
+if count == 0:
+    report(1, "Already up to date...")
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+ptz = git.get_config("perforce.timezone")
+if ptz:
+    report(1, "Setting timezone to", ptz)
+    os.environ['TZ'] = ptz
+    time.tzset()
+
+if stitch == 1:
+    git.remove_files()
+    git.clean_directories()
+    p4.sync(changes[0], force=True)
+elif top == 0 and branch != git.current_branch():
+    p4.sync(changes[0], test=True)
+    report(1, "Creating new initial commit");
+    git.fresh_branch(branch)
+    p4.sync(changes[0], force=True)
+else:
+    p4.sync(changes[0], trick=True)
+
+report(1, "processing %s changes from p4 (%s) to git (%s)" % (count, p4.repopath, branch))
+for id in changes:
+    report(1, "Importing changeset", id)
+    change = p4.describe(id)
+    p4.sync(id)
+    if tagall :
+            git.commit(change.author, change.email, change.date, change.msg, id)
+    else:
+            git.commit(change.author, change.email, change.date, change.msg, "import")
+    if stitch == 1:
+        git.clean_directories()
+        stitch = 0
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9967587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+git-p4import(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-p4import - Import a Perforce repository into git
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+`git-p4import` [-q|-v] [--notags] [--authors <file>] [-t <timezone>]
+               <//p4repo/path> <branch>
+`git-p4import` --stitch <//p4repo/path>
+`git-p4import`
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Import a Perforce repository into an existing git repository.  When
+a <//p4repo/path> and <branch> are specified a new branch with the
+given name will be created and the initial import will begin.
+
+Once the initial import is complete you can do an incremental import
+of new commits from the Perforce repository.  You do this by checking
+out the appropriate git branch and then running `git-p4import` without
+any options.
+
+The standard p4 client is used to communicate with the Perforce
+repository; it must be configured correctly in order for `git-p4import`
+to operate (see below).
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q::
+	Do not display any progress information.
+
+-v::
+        Give extra progress information.
+
+\--authors::
+	Specify an authors file containing a mapping of Perforce user
+	ids to full names and email addresses (see Notes below).
+
+\--notags::
+	Do not create a tag for each imported commit.
+
+\--stitch::
+	Import the contents of the given perforce branch into the
+	currently checked out git branch.
+
+\--log::
+	Store debugging information in the specified file.
+
+-t::
+	Specify that the remote repository is in the specified timezone.
+	Timezone must be in the format "US/Pacific" or "Europe/London"
+	etc.  You only need to specify this once, it will be saved in
+	the git config file for the repository.
+
+<//p4repo/path>::
+	The Perforce path that will be imported into the specified branch.
+
+<branch>::
+	The new branch that will be created to hold the Perforce imports.
+
+
+P4 Client
+---------
+You must make the `p4` client command available in your $PATH and
+configure it to communicate with the target Perforce repository.
+Typically this means you must set the "$P4PORT" and "$P4CLIENT"
+environment variables.
+
+You must also configure a `p4` client "view" which maps the Perforce
+branch into the top level of your git repository, for example:
+
+------------
+Client: myhost
+
+Root:   /home/sean/import
+
+Options:   noallwrite clobber nocompress unlocked modtime rmdir
+
+View:
+        //public/jam/... //myhost/jam/...
+------------
+
+With the above `p4` client setup, you could import the "jam"
+perforce branch into a branch named "jammy", like so:
+
+------------
+$ mkdir -p /home/sean/import/jam
+$ cd /home/sean/import/jam
+$ git init
+$ git p4import //public/jam jammy
+------------
+
+
+Multiple Branches
+-----------------
+Note that by creating multiple "views" you can use `git-p4import`
+to import additional branches into the same git repository.
+However, the `p4` client has a limitation in that it silently
+ignores all but the last "view" that maps into the same local
+directory.  So the following will *not* work:
+
+------------
+View:
+        //public/jam/... //myhost/jam/...
+        //public/other/... //myhost/jam/...
+        //public/guest/... //myhost/jam/...
+------------
+
+If you want more than one Perforce branch to be imported into the
+same directory you must employ a workaround.  A simple option is
+to adjust your `p4` client before each import to only include a
+single view.
+
+Another option is to create multiple symlinks locally which all
+point to the same directory in your git repository and then use
+one per "view" instead of listing the actual directory.
+
+
+Tags
+----
+A git tag of the form p4/xx is created for every change imported from
+the Perforce repository where xx is the Perforce changeset number.
+Therefore after the import you can use git to access any commit by its
+Perforce number, e.g. git show p4/327.
+
+The tag associated with the HEAD commit is also how `git-p4import`
+determines if there are new changes to incrementally import from the
+Perforce repository.
+
+If you import from a repository with many thousands of changes
+you will have an equal number of p4/xxxx git tags.  Git tags can
+be expensive in terms of disk space and repository operations.
+If you don't need to perform further incremental imports, you
+may delete the tags.
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+You can interrupt the import (e.g. ctrl-c) at any time and restart it
+without worry.
+
+Author information is automatically determined by querying the
+Perforce "users" table using the id associated with each change.
+However, if you want to manually supply these mappings you can do
+so with the "--authors" option.  It accepts a file containing a list
+of mappings with each line containing one mapping in the format:
+
+------------
+    perforce_id = Full Name <email@address.com>
+------------
+
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch b/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2b08b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+From: Ismail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
+
+Trying to build the documentation with docbook-xsl 1.73 may result in
+the following error.  This patch fixes it.
+
+$ xmlto -m callouts.xsl man git-add.xml
+runtime error: file
+file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets-1.73.0/manpages/other.xsl line
+129 element call-template
+The called template 'read-character-map' was not found.
+
+--- docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl.manpages-charmap	2007-07-23 16:24:23.000000000 +0100
++++ docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl	2007-07-23 16:25:16.000000000 +0100
+@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
+   <xsl:include href="lists.xsl"/>
+   <xsl:include href="endnotes.xsl"/>
+   <xsl:include href="table.xsl"/>
++  <xsl:include href="../common/charmap.xsl"/>
+
+   <!-- * we rename the following just to avoid using params with "man" -->
+   <!-- * prefixes in the table.xsl stylesheet (because that stylesheet -->
diff --git a/contrib/remotes2config.sh b/contrib/remotes2config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1cda19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remotes2config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Use this tool to rewrite your .git/remotes/ files into the config.
+
+. git-sh-setup
+
+if [ -d "$GIT_DIR"/remotes ]; then
+	echo "Rewriting $GIT_DIR/remotes" >&2
+	error=0
+	# rewrite into config
+	{
+		cd "$GIT_DIR"/remotes
+		ls | while read f; do
+			name=$(printf "$f" | tr -c "A-Za-z0-9-" ".")
+			sed -n \
+			-e "s/^URL:[ 	]*\(.*\)$/remote.$name.url \1 ./p" \
+			-e "s/^Pull:[ 	]*\(.*\)$/remote.$name.fetch \1 ^$ /p" \
+			-e "s/^Push:[ 	]*\(.*\)$/remote.$name.push \1 ^$ /p" \
+			< "$f"
+		done
+		echo done
+	} | while read key value regex; do
+		case $key in
+		done)
+			if [ $error = 0 ]; then
+				mv "$GIT_DIR"/remotes "$GIT_DIR"/remotes.old
+			fi ;;
+		*)
+			echo "git config $key "$value" $regex"
+			git config $key "$value" $regex || error=1 ;;
+		esac
+	done
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/rerere-train.sh b/contrib/rerere-train.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2cfe1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/rerere-train.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2008, Nanako Shiraishi
+# Prime rerere database from existing merge commits
+
+me=rerere-train
+USAGE="$me rev-list-args"
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+# Remember original branch
+branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD) ||
+original_HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || {
+	echo >&2 "Not on any branch and no commit yet?"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR/rr-cache" || exit
+
+git rev-list --parents "$@" |
+while read commit parent1 other_parents
+do
+	if test -z "$other_parents"
+	then
+		# Skip non-merges
+		continue
+	fi
+	git checkout -q "$parent1^0"
+	if git merge $other_parents >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		# Cleanly merges
+		continue
+	fi
+	if test -s "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
+	then
+		git show -s --pretty=format:"Learning from %h %s" "$commit"
+		git rerere
+		git checkout -q $commit -- .
+		git rerere
+	fi
+	git reset -q --hard
+done
+
+if test -z "$branch"
+then
+	git checkout "$original_HEAD"
+else
+	git checkout "${branch#refs/heads/}"
+fi
diff --git a/contrib/stats/git-common-hash b/contrib/stats/git-common-hash
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e27fd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/stats/git-common-hash
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# This script displays the distribution of longest common hash prefixes.
+# This can be used to determine the minimum prefix length to use
+# for object names to be unique.
+
+git rev-list --objects --all | sort | perl -lne '
+  substr($_, 40) = "";
+  # uncomment next line for a distribution of bits instead of hex chars
+  # $_ = unpack("B*",pack("H*",$_));
+  if (defined $p) {
+    ($p ^ $_) =~ /^(\0*)/;
+    $common = length $1;
+    if (defined $pcommon) {
+      $count[$pcommon > $common ? $pcommon : $common]++;
+    } else {
+      $count[$common]++; # first item
+    }
+  }
+  $p = $_;
+  $pcommon = $common;
+  END {
+    $count[$common]++; # last item
+    print "$_: $count[$_]" for 0..$#count;
+  }
+'
diff --git a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4b852e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+my %mailmap = ();
+open I, "<", ".mailmap";
+while (<I>) {
+	chomp;
+	next if /^#/;
+	if (my ($author, $mail) = /^(.*?)\s+<(.+)>$/) {
+		$mailmap{$mail} = $author;
+	}
+}
+close I;
+
+my %mail2author = ();
+open I, "git log --pretty='format:%ae	%an' |";
+while (<I>) {
+	chomp;
+	my ($mail, $author) = split(/\t/, $_);
+	next if exists $mailmap{$mail};
+	$mail2author{$mail} ||= {};
+	$mail2author{$mail}{$author} ||= 0;
+	$mail2author{$mail}{$author}++;
+}
+close I;
+
+while (my ($mail, $authorcount) = each %mail2author) {
+	# %$authorcount is ($author => $count);
+	# sort and show the names from the most frequent ones.
+	my @names = (map { $_->[0] }
+		sort { $b->[1] <=> $a->[1] }
+		map { [$_, $authorcount->{$_}] }
+		keys %$authorcount);
+	if (1 < @names) {
+		for (@names) {
+			print "$_ <$mail>\n";
+		}
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/contrib/stats/packinfo.pl b/contrib/stats/packinfo.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be188c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/stats/packinfo.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+#
+# This tool will print vaguely pretty information about a pack.  It
+# expects the output of "git verify-pack -v" as input on stdin.
+#
+# $ git verify-pack -v | packinfo.pl
+#
+# This prints some full-pack statistics; currently "all sizes", "all
+# path sizes", "tree sizes", "tree path sizes", and "depths".
+#
+# * "all sizes" stats are across every object size in the file;
+#   full sizes for base objects, and delta size for deltas.
+# * "all path sizes" stats are across all object's "path sizes".
+#   A path size is the sum of the size of the delta chain, including the
+#   base object.  In other words, it's how many bytes need be read to
+#   reassemble the file from deltas.
+# * "tree sizes" are object sizes grouped into delta trees.
+# * "tree path sizes" are path sizes grouped into delta trees.
+# * "depths" should be obvious.
+#
+# When run as:
+#
+# $ git verify-pack -v | packinfo.pl -tree
+#
+# the trees of objects are output along with the stats.  This looks
+# like:
+#
+#   0 commit 031321c6...      803      803
+#
+#   0   blob 03156f21...     1767     1767
+#   1    blob f52a9d7f...       10     1777
+#   2     blob a8cc5739...       51     1828
+#   3      blob 660e90b1...       15     1843
+#   4       blob 0cb8e3bb...       33     1876
+#   2     blob e48607f0...      311     2088
+#      size: count 6 total 2187 min 10 max 1767 mean 364.50 median 51 std_dev 635.85
+# path size: count 6 total 11179 min 1767 max 2088 mean 1863.17 median 1843 std_dev 107.26
+#
+# The first number after the sha1 is the object size, the second
+# number is the path size.  The statistics are across all objects in
+# the previous delta tree.  Obviously they are omitted for trees of
+# one object.
+#
+# When run as:
+#
+# $ git verify-pack -v | packinfo.pl -tree -filenames
+#
+# it adds filenames to the tree.  Getting this information is slow:
+#
+#   0   blob 03156f21...     1767     1767 Documentation/git-lost-found.txt @ tags/v1.2.0~142
+#   1    blob f52a9d7f...       10     1777 Documentation/git-lost-found.txt @ tags/v1.5.0-rc1~74
+#   2     blob a8cc5739...       51     1828 Documentation/git-lost+found.txt @ tags/v0.99.9h^0
+#   3      blob 660e90b1...       15     1843 Documentation/git-lost+found.txt @ master~3222^2~2
+#   4       blob 0cb8e3bb...       33     1876 Documentation/git-lost+found.txt @ master~3222^2~3
+#   2     blob e48607f0...      311     2088 Documentation/git-lost-found.txt @ tags/v1.5.2-rc3~4
+#      size: count 6 total 2187 min 10 max 1767 mean 364.50 median 51 std_dev 635.85
+# path size: count 6 total 11179 min 1767 max 2088 mean 1863.17 median 1843 std_dev 107.26
+#
+# When run as:
+#
+# $ git verify-pack -v | packinfo.pl -dump
+#
+# it prints out "sha1 size pathsize depth" for each sha1 in lexical
+# order.
+#
+# 000079a2eaef17b7eae70e1f0f635557ea67b644 30 472 7
+# 00013cafe6980411aa6fdd940784917b5ff50f0a 44 1542 4
+# 000182eacf99cde27d5916aa415921924b82972c 499 499 0
+# ...
+#
+# This is handy for comparing two packs.  Adding "-filenames" will add
+# filenames, as per "-tree -filenames" above.
+
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $filenames = 0;
+my $tree = 0;
+my $dump = 0;
+GetOptions("tree" => \$tree,
+           "filenames" => \$filenames,
+           "dump" => \$dump);
+
+my %parents;
+my %children;
+my %sizes;
+my @roots;
+my %paths;
+my %types;
+my @commits;
+my %names;
+my %depths;
+my @depths;
+
+while (<STDIN>) {
+    my ($sha1, $type, $size, $space, $offset, $depth, $parent) = split(/\s+/, $_);
+    next unless ($sha1 =~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/);
+    $depths{$sha1} = $depth || 0;
+    push(@depths, $depth || 0);
+    push(@commits, $sha1) if ($type eq 'commit');
+    push(@roots, $sha1) unless $parent;
+    $parents{$sha1} = $parent;
+    $types{$sha1} = $type;
+    push(@{$children{$parent}}, $sha1);
+    $sizes{$sha1} = $size;
+}
+
+if ($filenames && ($tree || $dump)) {
+    open(NAMES, "git name-rev --all|");
+    while (<NAMES>) {
+        if (/^(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+            my ($sha1, $name) = ($1, $2);
+            $names{$sha1} = $name;
+        }
+    }
+    close NAMES;
+
+    for my $commit (@commits) {
+        my $name = $names{$commit};
+        open(TREE, "git ls-tree -t -r $commit|");
+        print STDERR "Plumbing tree $name\n";
+        while (<TREE>) {
+            if (/^(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+                my ($mode, $type, $sha1, $path) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+                $paths{$sha1} = "$path @ $name";
+            }
+        }
+        close TREE;
+    }
+}
+
+sub stats {
+    my @data = sort {$a <=> $b} @_;
+    my $min = $data[0];
+    my $max = $data[$#data];
+    my $total = 0;
+    my $count = scalar @data;
+    for my $datum (@data) {
+        $total += $datum;
+    }
+    my $mean = $total / $count;
+    my $median = $data[int(@data / 2)];
+    my $diff_sum = 0;
+    for my $datum (@data) {
+        $diff_sum += ($datum - $mean)**2;
+    }
+    my $std_dev = sqrt($diff_sum / $count);
+    return ($count, $total, $min, $max, $mean, $median, $std_dev);
+}
+
+sub print_stats {
+    my $name = shift;
+    my ($count, $total, $min, $max, $mean, $median, $std_dev) = stats(@_);
+    printf("%s: count %s total %s min %s max %s mean %.2f median %s std_dev %.2f\n",
+           $name, $count, $total, $min, $max, $mean, $median, $std_dev);
+}
+
+my @sizes;
+my @path_sizes;
+my @all_sizes;
+my @all_path_sizes;
+my %path_sizes;
+
+sub dig {
+    my ($sha1, $depth, $path_size) = @_;
+    $path_size += $sizes{$sha1};
+    push(@sizes, $sizes{$sha1});
+    push(@all_sizes, $sizes{$sha1});
+    push(@path_sizes, $path_size);
+    push(@all_path_sizes, $path_size);
+    $path_sizes{$sha1} = $path_size;
+    if ($tree) {
+        printf("%3d%s %6s %s %8d %8d %s\n",
+               $depth, (" " x $depth), $types{$sha1},
+               $sha1, $sizes{$sha1}, $path_size, $paths{$sha1});
+    }
+    for my $child (@{$children{$sha1}}) {
+        dig($child, $depth + 1, $path_size);
+    }
+}
+
+my @tree_sizes;
+my @tree_path_sizes;
+
+for my $root (@roots) {
+    undef @sizes;
+    undef @path_sizes;
+    dig($root, 0, 0);
+    my ($aa, $sz_total) = stats(@sizes);
+    my ($bb, $psz_total) = stats(@path_sizes);
+    push(@tree_sizes, $sz_total);
+    push(@tree_path_sizes, $psz_total);
+    if ($tree) {
+        if (@sizes > 1) {
+            print_stats("     size", @sizes);
+            print_stats("path size", @path_sizes);
+        }
+        print "\n";
+    }
+}
+
+if ($dump) {
+    for my $sha1 (sort keys %sizes) {
+        print "$sha1 $sizes{$sha1} $path_sizes{$sha1} $depths{$sha1} $paths{$sha1}\n";
+    }
+} else {
+    print_stats("      all sizes", @all_sizes);
+    print_stats(" all path sizes", @all_path_sizes);
+    print_stats("     tree sizes", @tree_sizes);
+    print_stats("tree path sizes", @tree_path_sizes);
+    print_stats("         depths", @depths);
+}
diff --git a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/README b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..000147b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/README
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+appp.sh is a script that is supposed to be used together with ExternalEditor
+for Mozilla Thunderbird. It will let you include patches inline in e-mails
+in an easy way.
+
+Usage:
+- Generate the patch with git format-patch.
+- Start writing a new e-mail in Thunderbird.
+- Press the external editor button (or Ctrl-E) to run appp.sh
+- Select the previously generated patch file.
+- Finish editing the e-mail.
+
+Any text that is entered into the message editor before appp.sh is called
+will be moved to the section between the --- and the diffstat.
+
+All S-O-B:s and Cc:s in the patch will be added to the CC list.
+
+To set it up, just install External Editor and tell it to use appp.sh as the
+editor.
+
+Zenity is a required dependency.
diff --git a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cc518f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Copyright 2008 Lukas Sandström <luksan@gmail.com>
+#
+# AppendPatch - A script to be used together with ExternalEditor
+# for Mozilla Thunderbird to properly include pathes inline i e-mails.
+
+# ExternalEditor can be downloaded at http://globs.org/articles.php?lng=en&pg=2
+
+CONFFILE=~/.appprc
+
+SEP="-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=# Don't remove this line #=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-"
+if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] ; then
+	LAST_DIR=`grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//'`
+	cd "${LAST_DIR}"
+else
+	cd > /dev/null
+fi
+
+PATCH=$(zenity --file-selection)
+
+if [ "$?" != "0" ] ; then
+	#zenity --error --text "No patchfile given."
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+cd - > /dev/null
+
+SUBJECT=`sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}"`
+HEADERS=`sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1`
+BODY=`sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1`
+CMT_MSG=`sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}"`
+DIFF=`sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}"`
+
+CCS=`echo -e "$CMT_MSG\n$HEADERS" | sed -n -e 's/^Cc: \(.*\)$/\1,/gp' \
+	-e 's/^Signed-off-by: \(.*\)/\1,/gp'`
+
+echo "$SUBJECT" > $1
+echo "Cc: $CCS" >> $1
+echo "$HEADERS" | sed -e '/^Subject: /d' -e '/^Cc: /d' >> $1
+echo "$SEP" >> $1
+
+echo "$CMT_MSG" >> $1
+echo "---" >> $1
+if [ "x${BODY}x" != "xx" ] ; then
+	echo >> $1
+	echo "$BODY" >> $1
+	echo >> $1
+fi
+echo "$DIFF" >> $1
+
+LAST_DIR=`dirname "${PATCH}"`
+
+grep -v "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}" > "${CONFFILE}_"
+echo "LAST_DIR=${LAST_DIR}" >> "${CONFFILE}_"
+mv "${CONFFILE}_" "${CONFFILE}"
diff --git a/contrib/vim/README b/contrib/vim/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fca1e17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/vim/README
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Syntax highlighting for git commit messages, config files, etc. is
+included with the vim distribution as of vim 7.2, and should work
+automatically.
+
+If you have an older version of vim, you can get the latest syntax
+files from the vim project:
+
+  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/git.vim
+  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitcommit.vim
+  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitconfig.vim
+  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitrebase.vim
+  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitsendemail.vim
+
+These files are also available via FTP at the same location.
+
+To install:
+
+  1. Copy these files to vim's syntax directory $HOME/.vim/syntax
+  2. To auto-detect the editing of various git-related filetypes:
+	$ cat >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim <<'EOF'
+	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG    setf gitcommit
+	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/config,.gitconfig setf gitconfig
+	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead git-rebase-todo         setf gitrebase
+	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead .msg.[0-9]*
+		\ if getline(1) =~ '^From.*# This line is ignored.$' |
+		\   setf gitsendemail |
+		\ endif
+	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/**
+		\ if getline(1) =~ '^\x\{40\}\>\|^ref: ' |
+		\   setf git |
+		\ endif
+	EOF
diff --git a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..993cacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+usage () {
+	echo "usage:" $@
+	exit 127
+}
+
+die () {
+	echo $@
+	exit 128
+}
+
+if test $# -lt 2 || test $# -gt 3
+then
+	usage "$0 <repository> <new_workdir> [<branch>]"
+fi
+
+orig_git=$1
+new_workdir=$2
+branch=$3
+
+# want to make sure that what is pointed to has a .git directory ...
+git_dir=$(cd "$orig_git" 2>/dev/null &&
+  git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null) ||
+  die "Not a git repository: \"$orig_git\""
+
+case "$git_dir" in
+.git)
+	git_dir="$orig_git/.git"
+	;;
+.)
+	git_dir=$orig_git
+	;;
+esac
+
+# don't link to a configured bare repository
+isbare=$(git --git-dir="$git_dir" config --bool --get core.bare)
+if test ztrue = z$isbare
+then
+	die "\"$git_dir\" has core.bare set to true," \
+		" remove from \"$git_dir/config\" to use $0"
+fi
+
+# don't link to a workdir
+if test -L "$git_dir/config"
+then
+	die "\"$orig_git\" is a working directory only, please specify" \
+		"a complete repository."
+fi
+
+# don't recreate a workdir over an existing repository
+if test -e "$new_workdir"
+then
+	die "destination directory '$new_workdir' already exists."
+fi
+
+# make sure the the links use full paths
+git_dir=$(cd "$git_dir"; pwd)
+
+# create the workdir
+mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || die "unable to create \"$new_workdir\"!"
+
+# create the links to the original repo.  explictly exclude index, HEAD and
+# logs/HEAD from the list since they are purely related to the current working
+# directory, and should not be shared.
+for x in config refs logs/refs objects info hooks packed-refs remotes rr-cache svn
+do
+	case $x in
+	*/*)
+		mkdir -p "$(dirname "$new_workdir/.git/$x")"
+		;;
+	esac
+	ln -s "$git_dir/$x" "$new_workdir/.git/$x"
+done
+
+# now setup the workdir
+cd "$new_workdir"
+# copy the HEAD from the original repository as a default branch
+cp "$git_dir/HEAD" .git/HEAD
+# checkout the branch (either the same as HEAD from the original repository, or
+# the one that was asked for)
+git checkout -f $branch
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27acce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+/*
+ * convert.c - convert a file when checking it out and checking it in.
+ *
+ * This should use the pathname to decide on whether it wants to do some
+ * more interesting conversions (automatic gzip/unzip, general format
+ * conversions etc etc), but by default it just does automatic CRLF<->LF
+ * translation when the "auto_crlf" option is set.
+ */
+
+#define CRLF_GUESS	(-1)
+#define CRLF_BINARY	0
+#define CRLF_TEXT	1
+#define CRLF_INPUT	2
+
+struct text_stat {
+	/* NUL, CR, LF and CRLF counts */
+	unsigned nul, cr, lf, crlf;
+
+	/* These are just approximations! */
+	unsigned printable, nonprintable;
+};
+
+static void gather_stats(const char *buf, unsigned long size, struct text_stat *stats)
+{
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	memset(stats, 0, sizeof(*stats));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = buf[i];
+		if (c == '\r') {
+			stats->cr++;
+			if (i+1 < size && buf[i+1] == '\n')
+				stats->crlf++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '\n') {
+			stats->lf++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == 127)
+			/* DEL */
+			stats->nonprintable++;
+		else if (c < 32) {
+			switch (c) {
+				/* BS, HT, ESC and FF */
+			case '\b': case '\t': case '\033': case '\014':
+				stats->printable++;
+				break;
+			case 0:
+				stats->nul++;
+				/* fall through */
+			default:
+				stats->nonprintable++;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			stats->printable++;
+	}
+
+	/* If file ends with EOF then don't count this EOF as non-printable. */
+	if (size >= 1 && buf[size-1] == '\032')
+		stats->nonprintable--;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The same heuristics as diff.c::mmfile_is_binary()
+ */
+static int is_binary(unsigned long size, struct text_stat *stats)
+{
+
+	if (stats->nul)
+		return 1;
+	if ((stats->printable >> 7) < stats->nonprintable)
+		return 1;
+	/*
+	 * Other heuristics? Average line length might be relevant,
+	 * as might LF vs CR vs CRLF counts..
+	 *
+	 * NOTE! It might be normal to have a low ratio of CRLF to LF
+	 * (somebody starts with a LF-only file and edits it with an editor
+	 * that adds CRLF only to lines that are added..). But do  we
+	 * want to support CR-only? Probably not.
+	 */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void check_safe_crlf(const char *path, int action,
+                            struct text_stat *stats, enum safe_crlf checksafe)
+{
+	if (!checksafe)
+		return;
+
+	if (action == CRLF_INPUT || auto_crlf <= 0) {
+		/*
+		 * CRLFs would not be restored by checkout:
+		 * check if we'd remove CRLFs
+		 */
+		if (stats->crlf) {
+			if (checksafe == SAFE_CRLF_WARN)
+				warning("CRLF will be replaced by LF in %s.", path);
+			else /* i.e. SAFE_CRLF_FAIL */
+				die("CRLF would be replaced by LF in %s.", path);
+		}
+	} else if (auto_crlf > 0) {
+		/*
+		 * CRLFs would be added by checkout:
+		 * check if we have "naked" LFs
+		 */
+		if (stats->lf != stats->crlf) {
+			if (checksafe == SAFE_CRLF_WARN)
+				warning("LF will be replaced by CRLF in %s", path);
+			else /* i.e. SAFE_CRLF_FAIL */
+				die("LF would be replaced by CRLF in %s", path);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int crlf_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                       struct strbuf *buf, int action, enum safe_crlf checksafe)
+{
+	struct text_stat stats;
+	char *dst;
+
+	if ((action == CRLF_BINARY) || !auto_crlf || !len)
+		return 0;
+
+	gather_stats(src, len, &stats);
+
+	if (action == CRLF_GUESS) {
+		/*
+		 * We're currently not going to even try to convert stuff
+		 * that has bare CR characters. Does anybody do that crazy
+		 * stuff?
+		 */
+		if (stats.cr != stats.crlf)
+			return 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * And add some heuristics for binary vs text, of course...
+		 */
+		if (is_binary(len, &stats))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	check_safe_crlf(path, action, &stats, checksafe);
+
+	/* Optimization: No CR? Nothing to convert, regardless. */
+	if (!stats.cr)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* only grow if not in place */
+	if (strbuf_avail(buf) + buf->len < len)
+		strbuf_grow(buf, len - buf->len);
+	dst = buf->buf;
+	if (action == CRLF_GUESS) {
+		/*
+		 * If we guessed, we already know we rejected a file with
+		 * lone CR, and we can strip a CR without looking at what
+		 * follow it.
+		 */
+		do {
+			unsigned char c = *src++;
+			if (c != '\r')
+				*dst++ = c;
+		} while (--len);
+	} else {
+		do {
+			unsigned char c = *src++;
+			if (! (c == '\r' && (1 < len && *src == '\n')))
+				*dst++ = c;
+		} while (--len);
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(buf, dst - buf->buf);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int crlf_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                            struct strbuf *buf, int action)
+{
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+	struct text_stat stats;
+
+	if ((action == CRLF_BINARY) || (action == CRLF_INPUT) ||
+	    auto_crlf <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!len)
+		return 0;
+
+	gather_stats(src, len, &stats);
+
+	/* No LF? Nothing to convert, regardless. */
+	if (!stats.lf)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Was it already in CRLF format? */
+	if (stats.lf == stats.crlf)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (action == CRLF_GUESS) {
+		/* If we have any bare CR characters, we're not going to touch it */
+		if (stats.cr != stats.crlf)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (is_binary(len, &stats))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* are we "faking" in place editing ? */
+	if (src == buf->buf)
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_grow(buf, len + stats.lf - stats.crlf);
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *nl = memchr(src, '\n', len);
+		if (!nl)
+			break;
+		if (nl > src && nl[-1] == '\r') {
+			strbuf_add(buf, src, nl + 1 - src);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_add(buf, src, nl - src);
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "\r\n");
+		}
+		len -= nl + 1 - src;
+		src  = nl + 1;
+	}
+	strbuf_add(buf, src, len);
+
+	free(to_free);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+struct filter_params {
+	const char *src;
+	unsigned long size;
+	const char *cmd;
+};
+
+static int filter_buffer(int fd, void *data)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Spawn cmd and feed the buffer contents through its stdin.
+	 */
+	struct child_process child_process;
+	struct filter_params *params = (struct filter_params *)data;
+	int write_err, status;
+	const char *argv[] = { params->cmd, NULL };
+
+	memset(&child_process, 0, sizeof(child_process));
+	child_process.argv = argv;
+	child_process.use_shell = 1;
+	child_process.in = -1;
+	child_process.out = fd;
+
+	if (start_command(&child_process))
+		return error("cannot fork to run external filter %s", params->cmd);
+
+	write_err = (write_in_full(child_process.in, params->src, params->size) < 0);
+	if (close(child_process.in))
+		write_err = 1;
+	if (write_err)
+		error("cannot feed the input to external filter %s", params->cmd);
+
+	status = finish_command(&child_process);
+	if (status)
+		error("external filter %s failed %d", params->cmd, status);
+	return (write_err || status);
+}
+
+static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                        struct strbuf *dst, const char *cmd)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Create a pipeline to have the command filter the buffer's
+	 * contents.
+	 *
+	 * (child --> cmd) --> us
+	 */
+	int ret = 1;
+	struct strbuf nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct async async;
+	struct filter_params params;
+
+	if (!cmd)
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
+	async.proc = filter_buffer;
+	async.data = &params;
+	params.src = src;
+	params.size = len;
+	params.cmd = cmd;
+
+	fflush(NULL);
+	if (start_async(&async))
+		return 0;	/* error was already reported */
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&nbuf, async.out, len) < 0) {
+		error("read from external filter %s failed", cmd);
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+	if (close(async.out)) {
+		error("read from external filter %s failed", cmd);
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+	if (finish_async(&async)) {
+		error("external filter %s failed", cmd);
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ret) {
+		strbuf_swap(dst, &nbuf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct convert_driver {
+	const char *name;
+	struct convert_driver *next;
+	const char *smudge;
+	const char *clean;
+} *user_convert, **user_convert_tail;
+
+static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *ep, *name;
+	int namelen;
+	struct convert_driver *drv;
+
+	/*
+	 * External conversion drivers are configured using
+	 * "filter.<name>.variable".
+	 */
+	if (prefixcmp(var, "filter.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 6)
+		return 0;
+	name = var + 7;
+	namelen = ep - name;
+	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
+		if (!strncmp(drv->name, name, namelen) && !drv->name[namelen])
+			break;
+	if (!drv) {
+		drv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct convert_driver));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		*user_convert_tail = drv;
+		user_convert_tail = &(drv->next);
+	}
+
+	ep++;
+
+	/*
+	 * filter.<name>.smudge and filter.<name>.clean specifies
+	 * the command line:
+	 *
+	 *	command-line
+	 *
+	 * The command-line will not be interpolated in any way.
+	 */
+
+	if (!strcmp("smudge", ep))
+		return git_config_string(&drv->smudge, var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp("clean", ep))
+		return git_config_string(&drv->clean, var, value);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void setup_convert_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	static struct git_attr *attr_crlf;
+	static struct git_attr *attr_ident;
+	static struct git_attr *attr_filter;
+
+	if (!attr_crlf) {
+		attr_crlf = git_attr("crlf");
+		attr_ident = git_attr("ident");
+		attr_filter = git_attr("filter");
+		user_convert_tail = &user_convert;
+		git_config(read_convert_config, NULL);
+	}
+	check[0].attr = attr_crlf;
+	check[1].attr = attr_ident;
+	check[2].attr = attr_filter;
+}
+
+static int count_ident(const char *cp, unsigned long size)
+{
+	/*
+	 * "$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $" <=> "$Id$"
+	 */
+	int cnt = 0;
+	char ch;
+
+	while (size) {
+		ch = *cp++;
+		size--;
+		if (ch != '$')
+			continue;
+		if (size < 3)
+			break;
+		if (memcmp("Id", cp, 2))
+			continue;
+		ch = cp[2];
+		cp += 3;
+		size -= 3;
+		if (ch == '$')
+			cnt++; /* $Id$ */
+		if (ch != ':')
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * "$Id: ... "; scan up to the closing dollar sign and discard.
+		 */
+		while (size) {
+			ch = *cp++;
+			size--;
+			if (ch == '$') {
+				cnt++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+static int ident_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                        struct strbuf *buf, int ident)
+{
+	char *dst, *dollar;
+
+	if (!ident || !count_ident(src, len))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* only grow if not in place */
+	if (strbuf_avail(buf) + buf->len < len)
+		strbuf_grow(buf, len - buf->len);
+	dst = buf->buf;
+	for (;;) {
+		dollar = memchr(src, '$', len);
+		if (!dollar)
+			break;
+		memcpy(dst, src, dollar + 1 - src);
+		dst += dollar + 1 - src;
+		len -= dollar + 1 - src;
+		src  = dollar + 1;
+
+		if (len > 3 && !memcmp(src, "Id:", 3)) {
+			dollar = memchr(src + 3, '$', len - 3);
+			if (!dollar)
+				break;
+			memcpy(dst, "Id$", 3);
+			dst += 3;
+			len -= dollar + 1 - src;
+			src  = dollar + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	memcpy(dst, src, len);
+	strbuf_setlen(buf, dst + len - buf->buf);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int ident_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                             struct strbuf *buf, int ident)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *to_free = NULL, *dollar;
+	int cnt;
+
+	if (!ident)
+		return 0;
+
+	cnt = count_ident(src, len);
+	if (!cnt)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* are we "faking" in place editing ? */
+	if (src == buf->buf)
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
+	hash_sha1_file(src, len, "blob", sha1);
+
+	strbuf_grow(buf, len + cnt * 43);
+	for (;;) {
+		/* step 1: run to the next '$' */
+		dollar = memchr(src, '$', len);
+		if (!dollar)
+			break;
+		strbuf_add(buf, src, dollar + 1 - src);
+		len -= dollar + 1 - src;
+		src  = dollar + 1;
+
+		/* step 2: does it looks like a bit like Id:xxx$ or Id$ ? */
+		if (len < 3 || memcmp("Id", src, 2))
+			continue;
+
+		/* step 3: skip over Id$ or Id:xxxxx$ */
+		if (src[2] == '$') {
+			src += 3;
+			len -= 3;
+		} else if (src[2] == ':') {
+			/*
+			 * It's possible that an expanded Id has crept its way into the
+			 * repository, we cope with that by stripping the expansion out
+			 */
+			dollar = memchr(src + 3, '$', len - 3);
+			if (!dollar) {
+				/* incomplete keyword, no more '$', so just quit the loop */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			len -= dollar + 1 - src;
+			src  = dollar + 1;
+		} else {
+			/* it wasn't a "Id$" or "Id:xxxx$" */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* step 4: substitute */
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, "Id: ");
+		strbuf_add(buf, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, " $");
+	}
+	strbuf_add(buf, src, len);
+
+	free(to_free);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int git_path_check_crlf(const char *path, struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	const char *value = check->value;
+
+	if (ATTR_TRUE(value))
+		return CRLF_TEXT;
+	else if (ATTR_FALSE(value))
+		return CRLF_BINARY;
+	else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
+		;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "input"))
+		return CRLF_INPUT;
+	return CRLF_GUESS;
+}
+
+static struct convert_driver *git_path_check_convert(const char *path,
+					     struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	const char *value = check->value;
+	struct convert_driver *drv;
+
+	if (ATTR_TRUE(value) || ATTR_FALSE(value) || ATTR_UNSET(value))
+		return NULL;
+	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
+		if (!strcmp(value, drv->name))
+			return drv;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int git_path_check_ident(const char *path, struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	const char *value = check->value;
+
+	return !!ATTR_TRUE(value);
+}
+
+int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+                   struct strbuf *dst, enum safe_crlf checksafe)
+{
+	struct git_attr_check check[3];
+	int crlf = CRLF_GUESS;
+	int ident = 0, ret = 0;
+	const char *filter = NULL;
+
+	setup_convert_check(check);
+	if (!git_checkattr(path, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check)) {
+		struct convert_driver *drv;
+		crlf = git_path_check_crlf(path, check + 0);
+		ident = git_path_check_ident(path, check + 1);
+		drv = git_path_check_convert(path, check + 2);
+		if (drv && drv->clean)
+			filter = drv->clean;
+	}
+
+	ret |= apply_filter(path, src, len, dst, filter);
+	if (ret) {
+		src = dst->buf;
+		len = dst->len;
+	}
+	ret |= crlf_to_git(path, src, len, dst, crlf, checksafe);
+	if (ret) {
+		src = dst->buf;
+		len = dst->len;
+	}
+	return ret | ident_to_git(path, src, len, dst, ident);
+}
+
+int convert_to_working_tree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, struct strbuf *dst)
+{
+	struct git_attr_check check[3];
+	int crlf = CRLF_GUESS;
+	int ident = 0, ret = 0;
+	const char *filter = NULL;
+
+	setup_convert_check(check);
+	if (!git_checkattr(path, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check)) {
+		struct convert_driver *drv;
+		crlf = git_path_check_crlf(path, check + 0);
+		ident = git_path_check_ident(path, check + 1);
+		drv = git_path_check_convert(path, check + 2);
+		if (drv && drv->smudge)
+			filter = drv->smudge;
+	}
+
+	ret |= ident_to_worktree(path, src, len, dst, ident);
+	if (ret) {
+		src = dst->buf;
+		len = dst->len;
+	}
+	ret |= crlf_to_worktree(path, src, len, dst, crlf);
+	if (ret) {
+		src = dst->buf;
+		len = dst->len;
+	}
+	return ret | apply_filter(path, src, len, dst, filter);
+}
diff --git a/copy.c b/copy.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7f58fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/copy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd)
+{
+	while (1) {
+		char buffer[8192];
+		char *buf = buffer;
+		ssize_t len = xread(ifd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (len < 0) {
+			int read_error = errno;
+			close(ifd);
+			return error("copy-fd: read returned %s",
+				     strerror(read_error));
+		}
+		while (len) {
+			int written = xwrite(ofd, buf, len);
+			if (written > 0) {
+				buf += written;
+				len -= written;
+			}
+			else if (!written) {
+				close(ifd);
+				return error("copy-fd: write returned 0");
+			} else {
+				int write_error = errno;
+				close(ifd);
+				return error("copy-fd: write returned %s",
+					     strerror(write_error));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	close(ifd);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int copy_times(const char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct utimbuf times;
+	if (stat(src, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	times.actime = st.st_atime;
+	times.modtime = st.st_mtime;
+	if (utime(dst, &times) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int copy_file(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode)
+{
+	int fdi, fdo, status;
+
+	mode = (mode & 0111) ? 0777 : 0666;
+	if ((fdi = open(src, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
+		return fdi;
+	if ((fdo = open(dst, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode)) < 0) {
+		close(fdi);
+		return fdo;
+	}
+	status = copy_fd(fdi, fdo);
+	if (close(fdo) != 0)
+		return error("%s: close error: %s", dst, strerror(errno));
+
+	if (!status && adjust_shared_perm(dst))
+		return -1;
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+int copy_file_with_time(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode)
+{
+	int status = copy_file(dst, src, mode);
+	if (!status)
+		return copy_times(dst, src);
+	return status;
+}
diff --git a/csum-file.c b/csum-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d50cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/csum-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * csum-file.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+ *
+ * Simple file write infrastructure for writing SHA1-summed
+ * files. Useful when you write a file that you want to be
+ * able to verify hasn't been messed with afterwards.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "csum-file.h"
+
+static void flush(struct sha1file *f, void * buf, unsigned int count)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		int ret = xwrite(f->fd, buf, count);
+		if (ret > 0) {
+			f->total += ret;
+			display_throughput(f->tp, f->total);
+			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
+			count -= ret;
+			if (count)
+				continue;
+			return;
+		}
+		if (!ret)
+			die("sha1 file '%s' write error. Out of diskspace", f->name);
+		die_errno("sha1 file '%s' write error", f->name);
+	}
+}
+
+void sha1flush(struct sha1file *f)
+{
+	unsigned offset = f->offset;
+
+	if (offset) {
+		git_SHA1_Update(&f->ctx, f->buffer, offset);
+		flush(f, f->buffer, offset);
+		f->offset = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+int sha1close(struct sha1file *f, unsigned char *result, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	sha1flush(f);
+	git_SHA1_Final(f->buffer, &f->ctx);
+	if (result)
+		hashcpy(result, f->buffer);
+	if (flags & (CSUM_CLOSE | CSUM_FSYNC)) {
+		/* write checksum and close fd */
+		flush(f, f->buffer, 20);
+		if (flags & CSUM_FSYNC)
+			fsync_or_die(f->fd, f->name);
+		if (close(f->fd))
+			die_errno("%s: sha1 file error on close", f->name);
+		fd = 0;
+	} else
+		fd = f->fd;
+	free(f);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+int sha1write(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
+{
+	while (count) {
+		unsigned offset = f->offset;
+		unsigned left = sizeof(f->buffer) - offset;
+		unsigned nr = count > left ? left : count;
+		void *data;
+
+		if (f->do_crc)
+			f->crc32 = crc32(f->crc32, buf, nr);
+
+		if (nr == sizeof(f->buffer)) {
+			/* process full buffer directly without copy */
+			data = buf;
+		} else {
+			memcpy(f->buffer + offset, buf, nr);
+			data = f->buffer;
+		}
+
+		count -= nr;
+		offset += nr;
+		buf = (char *) buf + nr;
+		left -= nr;
+		if (!left) {
+			git_SHA1_Update(&f->ctx, data, offset);
+			flush(f, data, offset);
+			offset = 0;
+		}
+		f->offset = offset;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct sha1file *sha1fd(int fd, const char *name)
+{
+	return sha1fd_throughput(fd, name, NULL);
+}
+
+struct sha1file *sha1fd_throughput(int fd, const char *name, struct progress *tp)
+{
+	struct sha1file *f = xmalloc(sizeof(*f));
+	f->fd = fd;
+	f->offset = 0;
+	f->total = 0;
+	f->tp = tp;
+	f->name = name;
+	f->do_crc = 0;
+	git_SHA1_Init(&f->ctx);
+	return f;
+}
+
+void crc32_begin(struct sha1file *f)
+{
+	f->crc32 = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
+	f->do_crc = 1;
+}
+
+uint32_t crc32_end(struct sha1file *f)
+{
+	f->do_crc = 0;
+	return f->crc32;
+}
diff --git a/csum-file.h b/csum-file.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294add2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/csum-file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef CSUM_FILE_H
+#define CSUM_FILE_H
+
+struct progress;
+
+/* A SHA1-protected file */
+struct sha1file {
+	int fd;
+	unsigned int offset;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	off_t total;
+	struct progress *tp;
+	const char *name;
+	int do_crc;
+	uint32_t crc32;
+	unsigned char buffer[8192];
+};
+
+/* sha1close flags */
+#define CSUM_CLOSE	1
+#define CSUM_FSYNC	2
+
+extern struct sha1file *sha1fd(int fd, const char *name);
+extern struct sha1file *sha1fd_throughput(int fd, const char *name, struct progress *tp);
+extern int sha1close(struct sha1file *, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
+extern int sha1write(struct sha1file *, void *, unsigned int);
+extern void sha1flush(struct sha1file *f);
+extern void crc32_begin(struct sha1file *);
+extern uint32_t crc32_end(struct sha1file *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ctype.c b/ctype.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ee64c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ctype.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Sane locale-independent, ASCII ctype.
+ *
+ * No surprises, and works with signed and unsigned chars.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+
+enum {
+	S = GIT_SPACE,
+	A = GIT_ALPHA,
+	D = GIT_DIGIT,
+	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
+	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
+};
+
+unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, S, S, 0, 0, S, 0, 0,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,		/*  16.. 31 */
+	S, 0, 0, 0, R, 0, 0, 0, R, R, G, R, 0, 0, R, 0,		/*  32.. 47 */
+	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
+	0, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, 0, R, 0,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	0, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, 0, 0, 0,		/* 112..127 */
+	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
+};
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2bd97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1161 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+#ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
+#define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+#define NI_MAXSERV 32
+#endif
+
+static int log_syslog;
+static int verbose;
+static int reuseaddr;
+
+static const char daemon_usage[] =
+"git daemon [--verbose] [--syslog] [--export-all]\n"
+"           [--timeout=n] [--init-timeout=n] [--max-connections=n]\n"
+"           [--strict-paths] [--base-path=path] [--base-path-relaxed]\n"
+"           [--user-path | --user-path=path]\n"
+"           [--interpolated-path=path]\n"
+"           [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=file]\n"
+"           [--[enable|disable|allow-override|forbid-override]=service]\n"
+"           [--inetd | [--listen=host_or_ipaddr] [--port=n]\n"
+"                      [--user=user [--group=group]]\n"
+"           [directory...]";
+
+/* List of acceptable pathname prefixes */
+static char **ok_paths;
+static int strict_paths;
+
+/* If this is set, git-daemon-export-ok is not required */
+static int export_all_trees;
+
+/* Take all paths relative to this one if non-NULL */
+static char *base_path;
+static char *interpolated_path;
+static int base_path_relaxed;
+
+/* Flag indicating client sent extra args. */
+static int saw_extended_args;
+
+/* If defined, ~user notation is allowed and the string is inserted
+ * after ~user/.  E.g. a request to git://host/~alice/frotz would
+ * go to /home/alice/pub_git/frotz with --user-path=pub_git.
+ */
+static const char *user_path;
+
+/* Timeout, and initial timeout */
+static unsigned int timeout;
+static unsigned int init_timeout;
+
+static char *hostname;
+static char *canon_hostname;
+static char *ip_address;
+static char *tcp_port;
+
+static void logreport(int priority, const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	if (log_syslog) {
+		char buf[1024];
+		vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), err, params);
+		syslog(priority, "%s", buf);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Since stderr is set to linebuffered mode, the
+		 * logging of different processes will not overlap
+		 */
+		fprintf(stderr, "[%"PRIuMAX"] ", (uintmax_t)getpid());
+		vfprintf(stderr, err, params);
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+	}
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static void logerror(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	logreport(LOG_ERR, err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static void loginfo(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	if (!verbose)
+		return;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	logreport(LOG_INFO, err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
+
+static void NORETURN daemon_die(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	logreport(LOG_ERR, err, params);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static char *path_ok(char *directory)
+{
+	static char rpath[PATH_MAX];
+	static char interp_path[PATH_MAX];
+	char *path;
+	char *dir;
+
+	dir = directory;
+
+	if (daemon_avoid_alias(dir)) {
+		logerror("'%s': aliased", dir);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (*dir == '~') {
+		if (!user_path) {
+			logerror("'%s': User-path not allowed", dir);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if (*user_path) {
+			/* Got either "~alice" or "~alice/foo";
+			 * rewrite them to "~alice/%s" or
+			 * "~alice/%s/foo".
+			 */
+			int namlen, restlen = strlen(dir);
+			char *slash = strchr(dir, '/');
+			if (!slash)
+				slash = dir + restlen;
+			namlen = slash - dir;
+			restlen -= namlen;
+			loginfo("userpath <%s>, request <%s>, namlen %d, restlen %d, slash <%s>", user_path, dir, namlen, restlen, slash);
+			snprintf(rpath, PATH_MAX, "%.*s/%s%.*s",
+				 namlen, dir, user_path, restlen, slash);
+			dir = rpath;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (interpolated_path && saw_extended_args) {
+		struct strbuf expanded_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[] = {
+			{ "H", hostname },
+			{ "CH", canon_hostname },
+			{ "IP", ip_address },
+			{ "P", tcp_port },
+			{ "D", directory },
+			{ NULL }
+		};
+
+		if (*dir != '/') {
+			/* Allow only absolute */
+			logerror("'%s': Non-absolute path denied (interpolated-path active)", dir);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		strbuf_expand(&expanded_path, interpolated_path,
+				strbuf_expand_dict_cb, &dict);
+		strlcpy(interp_path, expanded_path.buf, PATH_MAX);
+		strbuf_release(&expanded_path);
+		loginfo("Interpolated dir '%s'", interp_path);
+
+		dir = interp_path;
+	}
+	else if (base_path) {
+		if (*dir != '/') {
+			/* Allow only absolute */
+			logerror("'%s': Non-absolute path denied (base-path active)", dir);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		snprintf(rpath, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", base_path, dir);
+		dir = rpath;
+	}
+
+	path = enter_repo(dir, strict_paths);
+	if (!path && base_path && base_path_relaxed) {
+		/*
+		 * if we fail and base_path_relaxed is enabled, try without
+		 * prefixing the base path
+		 */
+		dir = directory;
+		path = enter_repo(dir, strict_paths);
+	}
+
+	if (!path) {
+		logerror("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ( ok_paths && *ok_paths ) {
+		char **pp;
+		int pathlen = strlen(path);
+
+		/* The validation is done on the paths after enter_repo
+		 * appends optional {.git,.git/.git} and friends, but
+		 * it does not use getcwd().  So if your /pub is
+		 * a symlink to /mnt/pub, you can whitelist /pub and
+		 * do not have to say /mnt/pub.
+		 * Do not say /pub/.
+		 */
+		for ( pp = ok_paths ; *pp ; pp++ ) {
+			int len = strlen(*pp);
+			if (len <= pathlen &&
+			    !memcmp(*pp, path, len) &&
+			    (path[len] == '\0' ||
+			     (!strict_paths && path[len] == '/')))
+				return path;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		/* be backwards compatible */
+		if (!strict_paths)
+			return path;
+	}
+
+	logerror("'%s': not in whitelist", path);
+	return NULL;		/* Fallthrough. Deny by default */
+}
+
+typedef int (*daemon_service_fn)(void);
+struct daemon_service {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *config_name;
+	daemon_service_fn fn;
+	int enabled;
+	int overridable;
+};
+
+static struct daemon_service *service_looking_at;
+static int service_enabled;
+
+static int git_daemon_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "daemon.") &&
+	    !strcmp(var + 7, service_looking_at->config_name)) {
+		service_enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* we are not interested in parsing any other configuration here */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	int enabled = service->enabled;
+
+	loginfo("Request %s for '%s'", service->name, dir);
+
+	if (!enabled && !service->overridable) {
+		logerror("'%s': service not enabled.", service->name);
+		errno = EACCES;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!(path = path_ok(dir)))
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Security on the cheap.
+	 *
+	 * We want a readable HEAD, usable "objects" directory, and
+	 * a "git-daemon-export-ok" flag that says that the other side
+	 * is ok with us doing this.
+	 *
+	 * path_ok() uses enter_repo() and does whitelist checking.
+	 * We only need to make sure the repository is exported.
+	 */
+
+	if (!export_all_trees && access("git-daemon-export-ok", F_OK)) {
+		logerror("'%s': repository not exported.", path);
+		errno = EACCES;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (service->overridable) {
+		service_looking_at = service;
+		service_enabled = -1;
+		git_config(git_daemon_config, NULL);
+		if (0 <= service_enabled)
+			enabled = service_enabled;
+	}
+	if (!enabled) {
+		logerror("'%s': service not enabled for '%s'",
+			 service->name, path);
+		errno = EACCES;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We'll ignore SIGTERM from now on, we have a
+	 * good client.
+	 */
+	signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
+
+	return service->fn();
+}
+
+static void copy_to_log(int fd)
+{
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	fp = fdopen(fd, "r");
+	if (fp == NULL) {
+		logerror("fdopen of error channel failed");
+		close(fd);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+		logerror("%s", line.buf);
+		strbuf_setlen(&line, 0);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+	fclose(fp);
+}
+
+static int run_service_command(const char **argv)
+{
+	struct child_process cld;
+
+	memset(&cld, 0, sizeof(cld));
+	cld.argv = argv;
+	cld.git_cmd = 1;
+	cld.err = -1;
+	if (start_command(&cld))
+		return -1;
+
+	close(0);
+	close(1);
+
+	copy_to_log(cld.err);
+
+	return finish_command(&cld);
+}
+
+static int upload_pack(void)
+{
+	/* Timeout as string */
+	char timeout_buf[64];
+	const char *argv[] = { "upload-pack", "--strict", timeout_buf, ".", NULL };
+
+	snprintf(timeout_buf, sizeof timeout_buf, "--timeout=%u", timeout);
+	return run_service_command(argv);
+}
+
+static int upload_archive(void)
+{
+	static const char *argv[] = { "upload-archive", ".", NULL };
+	return run_service_command(argv);
+}
+
+static int receive_pack(void)
+{
+	static const char *argv[] = { "receive-pack", ".", NULL };
+	return run_service_command(argv);
+}
+
+static struct daemon_service daemon_service[] = {
+	{ "upload-archive", "uploadarch", upload_archive, 0, 1 },
+	{ "upload-pack", "uploadpack", upload_pack, 1, 1 },
+	{ "receive-pack", "receivepack", receive_pack, 0, 1 },
+};
+
+static void enable_service(const char *name, int ena)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(daemon_service); i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(daemon_service[i].name, name)) {
+			daemon_service[i].enabled = ena;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	die("No such service %s", name);
+}
+
+static void make_service_overridable(const char *name, int ena)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(daemon_service); i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(daemon_service[i].name, name)) {
+			daemon_service[i].overridable = ena;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	die("No such service %s", name);
+}
+
+static char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *str)
+{
+	char *p, *dup = xstrdup(str);
+	for (p = dup; *p; p++)
+		*p = tolower(*p);
+	return dup;
+}
+
+static void parse_host_and_port(char *hostport, char **host,
+	char **port)
+{
+	if (*hostport == '[') {
+		char *end;
+
+		end = strchr(hostport, ']');
+		if (!end)
+			die("Invalid reqeuest ('[' without ']')");
+		*end = '\0';
+		*host = hostport + 1;
+		if (!end[1])
+			*port = NULL;
+		else if (end[1] == ':')
+			*port = end + 2;
+		else
+			die("Garbage after end of host part");
+	} else {
+		*host = hostport;
+		*port = strrchr(hostport, ':');
+		if (*port) {
+			*port = '\0';
+			++*port;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the host as supplied by the client connection.
+ */
+static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
+{
+	char *val;
+	int vallen;
+	char *end = extra_args + buflen;
+
+	if (extra_args < end && *extra_args) {
+		saw_extended_args = 1;
+		if (strncasecmp("host=", extra_args, 5) == 0) {
+			val = extra_args + 5;
+			vallen = strlen(val) + 1;
+			if (*val) {
+				/* Split <host>:<port> at colon. */
+				char *host;
+				char *port;
+				parse_host_and_port(val, &host, &port);
+				if (port) {
+					free(tcp_port);
+					tcp_port = xstrdup(port);
+				}
+				free(hostname);
+				hostname = xstrdup_tolower(host);
+			}
+
+			/* On to the next one */
+			extra_args = val + vallen;
+		}
+		if (extra_args < end && *extra_args)
+			die("Invalid request");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Locate canonical hostname and its IP address.
+	 */
+	if (hostname) {
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+		struct addrinfo hints;
+		struct addrinfo *ai;
+		int gai;
+		static char addrbuf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
+
+		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
+
+		gai = getaddrinfo(hostname, NULL, &hints, &ai);
+		if (!gai) {
+			struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *)ai->ai_addr;
+
+			inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_addr->sin_addr,
+				  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
+			free(ip_address);
+			ip_address = xstrdup(addrbuf);
+
+			free(canon_hostname);
+			canon_hostname = xstrdup(ai->ai_canonname ?
+						 ai->ai_canonname : ip_address);
+
+			freeaddrinfo(ai);
+		}
+#else
+		struct hostent *hent;
+		struct sockaddr_in sa;
+		char **ap;
+		static char addrbuf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
+
+		hent = gethostbyname(hostname);
+
+		ap = hent->h_addr_list;
+		memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
+		sa.sin_family = hent->h_addrtype;
+		sa.sin_port = htons(0);
+		memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, *ap, hent->h_length);
+
+		inet_ntop(hent->h_addrtype, &sa.sin_addr,
+			  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
+
+		free(canon_hostname);
+		canon_hostname = xstrdup(hent->h_name);
+		free(ip_address);
+		ip_address = xstrdup(addrbuf);
+#endif
+	}
+}
+
+
+static int execute(struct sockaddr *addr)
+{
+	static char line[1000];
+	int pktlen, len, i;
+
+	if (addr) {
+		char addrbuf[256] = "";
+		int port = -1;
+
+		if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+			struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *) addr;
+			inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, &sin_addr->sin_addr, addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
+			port = ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port);
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+		} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+			struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
+
+			char *buf = addrbuf;
+			*buf++ = '['; *buf = '\0'; /* stpcpy() is cool */
+			inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr->sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(addrbuf) - 1);
+			strcat(buf, "]");
+
+			port = ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port);
+#endif
+		}
+		loginfo("Connection from %s:%d", addrbuf, port);
+		setenv("REMOTE_ADDR", addrbuf, 1);
+	}
+	else {
+		unsetenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
+	}
+
+	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
+	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+	alarm(0);
+
+	len = strlen(line);
+	if (pktlen != len)
+		loginfo("Extended attributes (%d bytes) exist <%.*s>",
+			(int) pktlen - len,
+			(int) pktlen - len, line + len + 1);
+	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n') {
+		line[--len] = 0;
+		pktlen--;
+	}
+
+	free(hostname);
+	free(canon_hostname);
+	free(ip_address);
+	free(tcp_port);
+	hostname = canon_hostname = ip_address = tcp_port = NULL;
+
+	if (len != pktlen)
+		parse_host_arg(line + len + 1, pktlen - len - 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(daemon_service); i++) {
+		struct daemon_service *s = &(daemon_service[i]);
+		int namelen = strlen(s->name);
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "git-") &&
+		    !strncmp(s->name, line + 4, namelen) &&
+		    line[namelen + 4] == ' ') {
+			/*
+			 * Note: The directory here is probably context sensitive,
+			 * and might depend on the actual service being performed.
+			 */
+			return run_service(line + namelen + 5, s);
+		}
+	}
+
+	logerror("Protocol error: '%s'", line);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int addrcmp(const struct sockaddr_storage *s1,
+    const struct sockaddr_storage *s2)
+{
+	if (s1->ss_family != s2->ss_family)
+		return s1->ss_family - s2->ss_family;
+	if (s1->ss_family == AF_INET)
+		return memcmp(&((struct sockaddr_in *)s1)->sin_addr,
+		    &((struct sockaddr_in *)s2)->sin_addr,
+		    sizeof(struct in_addr));
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+	if (s1->ss_family == AF_INET6)
+		return memcmp(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)s1)->sin6_addr,
+		    &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)s2)->sin6_addr,
+		    sizeof(struct in6_addr));
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int max_connections = 32;
+
+static unsigned int live_children;
+
+static struct child {
+	struct child *next;
+	pid_t pid;
+	struct sockaddr_storage address;
+} *firstborn;
+
+static void add_child(pid_t pid, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
+{
+	struct child *newborn, **cradle;
+
+	newborn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*newborn));
+	live_children++;
+	newborn->pid = pid;
+	memcpy(&newborn->address, addr, addrlen);
+	for (cradle = &firstborn; *cradle; cradle = &(*cradle)->next)
+		if (!addrcmp(&(*cradle)->address, &newborn->address))
+			break;
+	newborn->next = *cradle;
+	*cradle = newborn;
+}
+
+static void remove_child(pid_t pid)
+{
+	struct child **cradle, *blanket;
+
+	for (cradle = &firstborn; (blanket = *cradle); cradle = &blanket->next)
+		if (blanket->pid == pid) {
+			*cradle = blanket->next;
+			live_children--;
+			free(blanket);
+			break;
+		}
+}
+
+/*
+ * This gets called if the number of connections grows
+ * past "max_connections".
+ *
+ * We kill the newest connection from a duplicate IP.
+ */
+static void kill_some_child(void)
+{
+	const struct child *blanket, *next;
+
+	if (!(blanket = firstborn))
+		return;
+
+	for (; (next = blanket->next); blanket = next)
+		if (!addrcmp(&blanket->address, &next->address)) {
+			kill(blanket->pid, SIGTERM);
+			break;
+		}
+}
+
+static void check_dead_children(void)
+{
+	int status;
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0) {
+		const char *dead = "";
+		remove_child(pid);
+		if (!WIFEXITED(status) || (WEXITSTATUS(status) > 0))
+			dead = " (with error)";
+		loginfo("[%"PRIuMAX"] Disconnected%s", (uintmax_t)pid, dead);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	if (max_connections && live_children >= max_connections) {
+		kill_some_child();
+		sleep(1);  /* give it some time to die */
+		check_dead_children();
+		if (live_children >= max_connections) {
+			close(incoming);
+			logerror("Too many children, dropping connection");
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((pid = fork())) {
+		close(incoming);
+		if (pid < 0) {
+			logerror("Couldn't fork %s", strerror(errno));
+			return;
+		}
+
+		add_child(pid, addr, addrlen);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	dup2(incoming, 0);
+	dup2(incoming, 1);
+	close(incoming);
+
+	exit(execute(addr));
+}
+
+static void child_handler(int signo)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise empty handler because systemcalls will get interrupted
+	 * upon signal receipt
+	 * SysV needs the handler to be rearmed
+	 */
+	signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler);
+}
+
+static int set_reuse_addr(int sockfd)
+{
+	int on = 1;
+
+	if (!reuseaddr)
+		return 0;
+	return setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
+			  &on, sizeof(on));
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+
+static int socksetup(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, int **socklist_p)
+{
+	int socknum = 0, *socklist = NULL;
+	int maxfd = -1;
+	char pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
+	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
+	int gai;
+	long flags;
+
+	sprintf(pbuf, "%d", listen_port);
+	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+	hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
+
+	gai = getaddrinfo(listen_addr, pbuf, &hints, &ai0);
+	if (gai)
+		die("getaddrinfo() failed: %s", gai_strerror(gai));
+
+	for (ai = ai0; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
+		int sockfd;
+
+		sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
+		if (sockfd < 0)
+			continue;
+		if (sockfd >= FD_SETSIZE) {
+			logerror("Socket descriptor too large");
+			close(sockfd);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+#ifdef IPV6_V6ONLY
+		if (ai->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
+			int on = 1;
+			setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
+				   &on, sizeof(on));
+			/* Note: error is not fatal */
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if (set_reuse_addr(sockfd)) {
+			close(sockfd);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (bind(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
+			close(sockfd);
+			continue;	/* not fatal */
+		}
+		if (listen(sockfd, 5) < 0) {
+			close(sockfd);
+			continue;	/* not fatal */
+		}
+
+		flags = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFD, 0);
+		if (flags >= 0)
+			fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
+
+		socklist = xrealloc(socklist, sizeof(int) * (socknum + 1));
+		socklist[socknum++] = sockfd;
+
+		if (maxfd < sockfd)
+			maxfd = sockfd;
+	}
+
+	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
+
+	*socklist_p = socklist;
+	return socknum;
+}
+
+#else /* NO_IPV6 */
+
+static int socksetup(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, int **socklist_p)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_in sin;
+	int sockfd;
+	long flags;
+
+	memset(&sin, 0, sizeof sin);
+	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
+	sin.sin_port = htons(listen_port);
+
+	if (listen_addr) {
+		/* Well, host better be an IP address here. */
+		if (inet_pton(AF_INET, listen_addr, &sin.sin_addr.s_addr) <= 0)
+			return 0;
+	} else {
+		sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
+	}
+
+	sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	if (sockfd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (set_reuse_addr(sockfd)) {
+		close(sockfd);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if ( bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) < 0 ) {
+		close(sockfd);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (listen(sockfd, 5) < 0) {
+		close(sockfd);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	flags = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFD, 0);
+	if (flags >= 0)
+		fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
+
+	*socklist_p = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+	**socklist_p = sockfd;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static int service_loop(int socknum, int *socklist)
+{
+	struct pollfd *pfd;
+	int i;
+
+	pfd = xcalloc(socknum, sizeof(struct pollfd));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < socknum; i++) {
+		pfd[i].fd = socklist[i];
+		pfd[i].events = POLLIN;
+	}
+
+	signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int i;
+
+		check_dead_children();
+
+		if (poll(pfd, socknum, -1) < 0) {
+			if (errno != EINTR) {
+				logerror("Poll failed, resuming: %s",
+				      strerror(errno));
+				sleep(1);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < socknum; i++) {
+			if (pfd[i].revents & POLLIN) {
+				struct sockaddr_storage ss;
+				unsigned int sslen = sizeof(ss);
+				int incoming = accept(pfd[i].fd, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, &sslen);
+				if (incoming < 0) {
+					switch (errno) {
+					case EAGAIN:
+					case EINTR:
+					case ECONNABORTED:
+						continue;
+					default:
+						die_errno("accept returned");
+					}
+				}
+				handle(incoming, (struct sockaddr *)&ss, sslen);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
+static void sanitize_stdfds(void)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
+	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
+		fd = dup(fd);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
+	if (fd > 2)
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+static void daemonize(void)
+{
+	switch (fork()) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case -1:
+			die_errno("fork failed");
+		default:
+			exit(0);
+	}
+	if (setsid() == -1)
+		die_errno("setsid failed");
+	close(0);
+	close(1);
+	close(2);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+}
+
+static void store_pid(const char *path)
+{
+	FILE *f = fopen(path, "w");
+	if (!f)
+		die_errno("cannot open pid file '%s'", path);
+	if (fprintf(f, "%"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) getpid()) < 0 || fclose(f) != 0)
+		die_errno("failed to write pid file '%s'", path);
+}
+
+static int serve(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct passwd *pass, gid_t gid)
+{
+	int socknum, *socklist;
+
+	socknum = socksetup(listen_addr, listen_port, &socklist);
+	if (socknum == 0)
+		die("unable to allocate any listen sockets on host %s port %u",
+		    listen_addr, listen_port);
+
+	if (pass && gid &&
+	    (initgroups(pass->pw_name, gid) || setgid (gid) ||
+	     setuid(pass->pw_uid)))
+		die("cannot drop privileges");
+
+	return service_loop(socknum, socklist);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int listen_port = 0;
+	char *listen_addr = NULL;
+	int inetd_mode = 0;
+	const char *pid_file = NULL, *user_name = NULL, *group_name = NULL;
+	int detach = 0;
+	struct passwd *pass = NULL;
+	struct group *group;
+	gid_t gid = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--listen=")) {
+			listen_addr = xstrdup_tolower(arg + 9);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--port=")) {
+			char *end;
+			unsigned long n;
+			n = strtoul(arg+7, &end, 0);
+			if (arg[7] && !*end) {
+				listen_port = n;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--inetd")) {
+			inetd_mode = 1;
+			log_syslog = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose")) {
+			verbose = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--syslog")) {
+			log_syslog = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--export-all")) {
+			export_all_trees = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
+			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--init-timeout=")) {
+			init_timeout = atoi(arg+15);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-connections=")) {
+			max_connections = atoi(arg+18);
+			if (max_connections < 0)
+				max_connections = 0;	        /* unlimited */
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict-paths")) {
+			strict_paths = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--base-path=")) {
+			base_path = arg+12;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--base-path-relaxed")) {
+			base_path_relaxed = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--interpolated-path=")) {
+			interpolated_path = arg+20;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--reuseaddr")) {
+			reuseaddr = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--user-path")) {
+			user_path = "";
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--user-path=")) {
+			user_path = arg + 12;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pid-file=")) {
+			pid_file = arg + 11;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--detach")) {
+			detach = 1;
+			log_syslog = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--user=")) {
+			user_name = arg + 7;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--group=")) {
+			group_name = arg + 8;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--enable=")) {
+			enable_service(arg + 9, 1);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--disable=")) {
+			enable_service(arg + 10, 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--allow-override=")) {
+			make_service_overridable(arg + 17, 1);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--forbid-override=")) {
+			make_service_overridable(arg + 18, 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			ok_paths = &argv[i+1];
+			break;
+		} else if (arg[0] != '-') {
+			ok_paths = &argv[i];
+			break;
+		}
+
+		usage(daemon_usage);
+	}
+
+	if (log_syslog) {
+		openlog("git-daemon", LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON);
+		set_die_routine(daemon_die);
+	} else
+		/* avoid splitting a message in the middle */
+		setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
+
+	if (inetd_mode && (group_name || user_name))
+		die("--user and --group are incompatible with --inetd");
+
+	if (inetd_mode && (listen_port || listen_addr))
+		die("--listen= and --port= are incompatible with --inetd");
+	else if (listen_port == 0)
+		listen_port = DEFAULT_GIT_PORT;
+
+	if (group_name && !user_name)
+		die("--group supplied without --user");
+
+	if (user_name) {
+		pass = getpwnam(user_name);
+		if (!pass)
+			die("user not found - %s", user_name);
+
+		if (!group_name)
+			gid = pass->pw_gid;
+		else {
+			group = getgrnam(group_name);
+			if (!group)
+				die("group not found - %s", group_name);
+
+			gid = group->gr_gid;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (strict_paths && (!ok_paths || !*ok_paths))
+		die("option --strict-paths requires a whitelist");
+
+	if (base_path && !is_directory(base_path))
+		die("base-path '%s' does not exist or is not a directory",
+		    base_path);
+
+	if (inetd_mode) {
+		struct sockaddr_storage ss;
+		struct sockaddr *peer = (struct sockaddr *)&ss;
+		socklen_t slen = sizeof(ss);
+
+		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
+			die_errno("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null");
+
+		if (getpeername(0, peer, &slen))
+			peer = NULL;
+
+		return execute(peer);
+	}
+
+	if (detach) {
+		daemonize();
+		loginfo("Ready to rumble");
+	}
+	else
+		sanitize_stdfds();
+
+	if (pid_file)
+		store_pid(pid_file);
+
+	return serve(listen_addr, listen_port, pass, gid);
+}
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..002aa3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/date.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1010 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+
+/*
+ * This is like mktime, but without normalization of tm_wday and tm_yday.
+ */
+static time_t tm_to_time_t(const struct tm *tm)
+{
+	static const int mdays[] = {
+	    0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334
+	};
+	int year = tm->tm_year - 70;
+	int month = tm->tm_mon;
+	int day = tm->tm_mday;
+
+	if (year < 0 || year > 129) /* algo only works for 1970-2099 */
+		return -1;
+	if (month < 0 || month > 11) /* array bounds */
+		return -1;
+	if (month < 2 || (year + 2) % 4)
+		day--;
+	if (tm->tm_hour < 0 || tm->tm_min < 0 || tm->tm_sec < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return (year * 365 + (year + 1) / 4 + mdays[month] + day) * 24*60*60UL +
+		tm->tm_hour * 60*60 + tm->tm_min * 60 + tm->tm_sec;
+}
+
+static const char *month_names[] = {
+	"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
+	"July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
+};
+
+static const char *weekday_names[] = {
+	"Sundays", "Mondays", "Tuesdays", "Wednesdays", "Thursdays", "Fridays", "Saturdays"
+};
+
+static time_t gm_time_t(unsigned long time, int tz)
+{
+	int minutes;
+
+	minutes = tz < 0 ? -tz : tz;
+	minutes = (minutes / 100)*60 + (minutes % 100);
+	minutes = tz < 0 ? -minutes : minutes;
+	return time + minutes * 60;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The "tz" thing is passed in as this strange "decimal parse of tz"
+ * thing, which means that tz -0100 is passed in as the integer -100,
+ * even though it means "sixty minutes off"
+ */
+static struct tm *time_to_tm(unsigned long time, int tz)
+{
+	time_t t = gm_time_t(time, tz);
+	return gmtime(&t);
+}
+
+/*
+ * What value of "tz" was in effect back then at "time" in the
+ * local timezone?
+ */
+static int local_tzoffset(unsigned long time)
+{
+	time_t t, t_local;
+	struct tm tm;
+	int offset, eastwest;
+
+	t = time;
+	localtime_r(&t, &tm);
+	t_local = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
+
+	if (t_local < t) {
+		eastwest = -1;
+		offset = t - t_local;
+	} else {
+		eastwest = 1;
+		offset = t_local - t;
+	}
+	offset /= 60; /* in minutes */
+	offset = (offset % 60) + ((offset / 60) * 100);
+	return offset * eastwest;
+}
+
+const char *show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
+			       const struct timeval *now,
+			       char *timebuf,
+			       size_t timebuf_size)
+{
+	unsigned long diff;
+	if (now->tv_sec < time)
+		return "in the future";
+	diff = now->tv_sec - time;
+	if (diff < 90) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu seconds ago", diff);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* Turn it into minutes */
+	diff = (diff + 30) / 60;
+	if (diff < 90) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu minutes ago", diff);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* Turn it into hours */
+	diff = (diff + 30) / 60;
+	if (diff < 36) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu hours ago", diff);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* We deal with number of days from here on */
+	diff = (diff + 12) / 24;
+	if (diff < 14) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu days ago", diff);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* Say weeks for the past 10 weeks or so */
+	if (diff < 70) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu weeks ago", (diff + 3) / 7);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* Say months for the past 12 months or so */
+	if (diff < 365) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu months ago", (diff + 15) / 30);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* Give years and months for 5 years or so */
+	if (diff < 1825) {
+		unsigned long years = diff / 365;
+		unsigned long months = (diff % 365 + 15) / 30;
+		int n;
+		n = snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu year%s",
+				years, (years > 1 ? "s" : ""));
+		if (months)
+			snprintf(timebuf + n, timebuf_size - n,
+					", %lu month%s ago",
+					months, (months > 1 ? "s" : ""));
+		else
+			snprintf(timebuf + n, timebuf_size - n, " ago");
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+	/* Otherwise, just years. Centuries is probably overkill. */
+	snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu years ago", (diff + 183) / 365);
+	return timebuf;
+}
+
+const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int tz, enum date_mode mode)
+{
+	struct tm *tm;
+	static char timebuf[200];
+
+	if (mode == DATE_RAW) {
+		snprintf(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf), "%lu %+05d", time, tz);
+		return timebuf;
+	}
+
+	if (mode == DATE_RELATIVE) {
+		struct timeval now;
+		gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+		return show_date_relative(time, tz, &now,
+					  timebuf, sizeof(timebuf));
+	}
+
+	if (mode == DATE_LOCAL)
+		tz = local_tzoffset(time);
+
+	tm = time_to_tm(time, tz);
+	if (!tm)
+		return NULL;
+	if (mode == DATE_SHORT)
+		sprintf(timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year + 1900,
+				tm->tm_mon + 1, tm->tm_mday);
+	else if (mode == DATE_ISO8601)
+		sprintf(timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
+				tm->tm_year + 1900,
+				tm->tm_mon + 1,
+				tm->tm_mday,
+				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
+				tz);
+	else if (mode == DATE_RFC2822)
+		sprintf(timebuf, "%.3s, %d %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
+			weekday_names[tm->tm_wday], tm->tm_mday,
+			month_names[tm->tm_mon], tm->tm_year + 1900,
+			tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, tz);
+	else
+		sprintf(timebuf, "%.3s %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %d%c%+05d",
+				weekday_names[tm->tm_wday],
+				month_names[tm->tm_mon],
+				tm->tm_mday,
+				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
+				tm->tm_year + 1900,
+				(mode == DATE_LOCAL) ? 0 : ' ',
+				tz);
+	return timebuf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check these. And note how it doesn't do the summer-time conversion.
+ *
+ * In my world, it's always summer, and things are probably a bit off
+ * in other ways too.
+ */
+static const struct {
+	const char *name;
+	int offset;
+	int dst;
+} timezone_names[] = {
+	{ "IDLW", -12, 0, },	/* International Date Line West */
+	{ "NT",   -11, 0, },	/* Nome */
+	{ "CAT",  -10, 0, },	/* Central Alaska */
+	{ "HST",  -10, 0, },	/* Hawaii Standard */
+	{ "HDT",  -10, 1, },	/* Hawaii Daylight */
+	{ "YST",   -9, 0, },	/* Yukon Standard */
+	{ "YDT",   -9, 1, },	/* Yukon Daylight */
+	{ "PST",   -8, 0, },	/* Pacific Standard */
+	{ "PDT",   -8, 1, },	/* Pacific Daylight */
+	{ "MST",   -7, 0, },	/* Mountain Standard */
+	{ "MDT",   -7, 1, },	/* Mountain Daylight */
+	{ "CST",   -6, 0, },	/* Central Standard */
+	{ "CDT",   -6, 1, },	/* Central Daylight */
+	{ "EST",   -5, 0, },	/* Eastern Standard */
+	{ "EDT",   -5, 1, },	/* Eastern Daylight */
+	{ "AST",   -3, 0, },	/* Atlantic Standard */
+	{ "ADT",   -3, 1, },	/* Atlantic Daylight */
+	{ "WAT",   -1, 0, },	/* West Africa */
+
+	{ "GMT",    0, 0, },	/* Greenwich Mean */
+	{ "UTC",    0, 0, },	/* Universal (Coordinated) */
+
+	{ "WET",    0, 0, },	/* Western European */
+	{ "BST",    0, 1, },	/* British Summer */
+	{ "CET",   +1, 0, },	/* Central European */
+	{ "MET",   +1, 0, },	/* Middle European */
+	{ "MEWT",  +1, 0, },	/* Middle European Winter */
+	{ "MEST",  +1, 1, },	/* Middle European Summer */
+	{ "CEST",  +1, 1, },	/* Central European Summer */
+	{ "MESZ",  +1, 1, },	/* Middle European Summer */
+	{ "FWT",   +1, 0, },	/* French Winter */
+	{ "FST",   +1, 1, },	/* French Summer */
+	{ "EET",   +2, 0, },	/* Eastern Europe, USSR Zone 1 */
+	{ "EEST",  +2, 1, },	/* Eastern European Daylight */
+	{ "WAST",  +7, 0, },	/* West Australian Standard */
+	{ "WADT",  +7, 1, },	/* West Australian Daylight */
+	{ "CCT",   +8, 0, },	/* China Coast, USSR Zone 7 */
+	{ "JST",   +9, 0, },	/* Japan Standard, USSR Zone 8 */
+	{ "EAST", +10, 0, },	/* Eastern Australian Standard */
+	{ "EADT", +10, 1, },	/* Eastern Australian Daylight */
+	{ "GST",  +10, 0, },	/* Guam Standard, USSR Zone 9 */
+	{ "NZT",  +12, 0, },	/* New Zealand */
+	{ "NZST", +12, 0, },	/* New Zealand Standard */
+	{ "NZDT", +12, 1, },	/* New Zealand Daylight */
+	{ "IDLE", +12, 0, },	/* International Date Line East */
+};
+
+static int match_string(const char *date, const char *str)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; *date; date++, str++, i++) {
+		if (*date == *str)
+			continue;
+		if (toupper(*date) == toupper(*str))
+			continue;
+		if (!isalnum(*date))
+			break;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return i;
+}
+
+static int skip_alpha(const char *date)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	do {
+		i++;
+	} while (isalpha(date[i]));
+	return i;
+}
+
+/*
+* Parse month, weekday, or timezone name
+*/
+static int match_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *offset)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+		int match = match_string(date, month_names[i]);
+		if (match >= 3) {
+			tm->tm_mon = i;
+			return match;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+		int match = match_string(date, weekday_names[i]);
+		if (match >= 3) {
+			tm->tm_wday = i;
+			return match;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(timezone_names); i++) {
+		int match = match_string(date, timezone_names[i].name);
+		if (match >= 3) {
+			int off = timezone_names[i].offset;
+
+			/* This is bogus, but we like summer */
+			off += timezone_names[i].dst;
+
+			/* Only use the tz name offset if we don't have anything better */
+			if (*offset == -1)
+				*offset = 60*off;
+
+			return match;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (match_string(date, "PM") == 2) {
+		tm->tm_hour = (tm->tm_hour % 12) + 12;
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	if (match_string(date, "AM") == 2) {
+		tm->tm_hour = (tm->tm_hour % 12) + 0;
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	/* BAD CRAP */
+	return skip_alpha(date);
+}
+
+static int is_date(int year, int month, int day, struct tm *now_tm, time_t now, struct tm *tm)
+{
+	if (month > 0 && month < 13 && day > 0 && day < 32) {
+		struct tm check = *tm;
+		struct tm *r = (now_tm ? &check : tm);
+		time_t specified;
+
+		r->tm_mon = month - 1;
+		r->tm_mday = day;
+		if (year == -1) {
+			if (!now_tm)
+				return 1;
+			r->tm_year = now_tm->tm_year;
+		}
+		else if (year >= 1970 && year < 2100)
+			r->tm_year = year - 1900;
+		else if (year > 70 && year < 100)
+			r->tm_year = year;
+		else if (year < 38)
+			r->tm_year = year + 100;
+		else
+			return 0;
+		if (!now_tm)
+			return 1;
+
+		specified = tm_to_time_t(r);
+
+		/* Be it commit time or author time, it does not make
+		 * sense to specify timestamp way into the future.  Make
+		 * sure it is not later than ten days from now...
+		 */
+		if (now + 10*24*3600 < specified)
+			return 0;
+		tm->tm_mon = r->tm_mon;
+		tm->tm_mday = r->tm_mday;
+		if (year != -1)
+			tm->tm_year = r->tm_year;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date, char *end, struct tm *tm)
+{
+	time_t now;
+	struct tm now_tm;
+	struct tm *refuse_future;
+	long num2, num3;
+
+	num2 = strtol(end+1, &end, 10);
+	num3 = -1;
+	if (*end == c && isdigit(end[1]))
+		num3 = strtol(end+1, &end, 10);
+
+	/* Time? Date? */
+	switch (c) {
+	case ':':
+		if (num3 < 0)
+			num3 = 0;
+		if (num < 25 && num2 >= 0 && num2 < 60 && num3 >= 0 && num3 <= 60) {
+			tm->tm_hour = num;
+			tm->tm_min = num2;
+			tm->tm_sec = num3;
+			break;
+		}
+		return 0;
+
+	case '-':
+	case '/':
+	case '.':
+		now = time(NULL);
+		refuse_future = NULL;
+		if (gmtime_r(&now, &now_tm))
+			refuse_future = &now_tm;
+
+		if (num > 70) {
+			/* yyyy-mm-dd? */
+			if (is_date(num, num2, num3, refuse_future, now, tm))
+				break;
+			/* yyyy-dd-mm? */
+			if (is_date(num, num3, num2, refuse_future, now, tm))
+				break;
+		}
+		/* Our eastern European friends say dd.mm.yy[yy]
+		 * is the norm there, so giving precedence to
+		 * mm/dd/yy[yy] form only when separator is not '.'
+		 */
+		if (c != '.' &&
+		    is_date(num3, num, num2, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			break;
+		/* European dd.mm.yy[yy] or funny US dd/mm/yy[yy] */
+		if (is_date(num3, num2, num, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			break;
+		/* Funny European mm.dd.yy */
+		if (c == '.' &&
+		    is_date(num3, num, num2, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			break;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return end - date;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Have we filled in any part of the time/date yet?
+ * We just do a binary 'and' to see if the sign bit
+ * is set in all the values.
+ */
+static inline int nodate(struct tm *tm)
+{
+	return (tm->tm_year &
+		tm->tm_mon &
+		tm->tm_mday &
+		tm->tm_hour &
+		tm->tm_min &
+		tm->tm_sec) < 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We've seen a digit. Time? Year? Date?
+ */
+static int match_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *offset, int *tm_gmt)
+{
+	int n;
+	char *end;
+	unsigned long num;
+
+	num = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
+
+	/*
+	 * Seconds since 1970? We trigger on that for any numbers with
+	 * more than 8 digits. This is because we don't want to rule out
+	 * numbers like 20070606 as a YYYYMMDD date.
+	 */
+	if (num >= 100000000 && nodate(tm)) {
+		time_t time = num;
+		if (gmtime_r(&time, tm)) {
+			*tm_gmt = 1;
+			return end - date;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for special formats: num[-.:/]num[same]num
+	 */
+	switch (*end) {
+	case ':':
+	case '.':
+	case '/':
+	case '-':
+		if (isdigit(end[1])) {
+			int match = match_multi_number(num, *end, date, end, tm);
+			if (match)
+				return match;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * None of the special formats? Try to guess what
+	 * the number meant. We use the number of digits
+	 * to make a more educated guess..
+	 */
+	n = 0;
+	do {
+		n++;
+	} while (isdigit(date[n]));
+
+	/* Four-digit year or a timezone? */
+	if (n == 4) {
+		if (num <= 1400 && *offset == -1) {
+			unsigned int minutes = num % 100;
+			unsigned int hours = num / 100;
+			*offset = hours*60 + minutes;
+		} else if (num > 1900 && num < 2100)
+			tm->tm_year = num - 1900;
+		return n;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ignore lots of numerals. We took care of 4-digit years above.
+	 * Days or months must be one or two digits.
+	 */
+	if (n > 2)
+		return n;
+
+	/*
+	 * NOTE! We will give precedence to day-of-month over month or
+	 * year numbers in the 1-12 range. So 05 is always "mday 5",
+	 * unless we already have a mday..
+	 *
+	 * IOW, 01 Apr 05 parses as "April 1st, 2005".
+	 */
+	if (num > 0 && num < 32 && tm->tm_mday < 0) {
+		tm->tm_mday = num;
+		return n;
+	}
+
+	/* Two-digit year? */
+	if (n == 2 && tm->tm_year < 0) {
+		if (num < 10 && tm->tm_mday >= 0) {
+			tm->tm_year = num + 100;
+			return n;
+		}
+		if (num >= 70) {
+			tm->tm_year = num;
+			return n;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (num > 0 && num < 13 && tm->tm_mon < 0)
+		tm->tm_mon = num-1;
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int match_tz(const char *date, int *offp)
+{
+	char *end;
+	int offset = strtoul(date+1, &end, 10);
+	int min, hour;
+	int n = end - date - 1;
+
+	min = offset % 100;
+	hour = offset / 100;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't accept any random crap.. At least 3 digits, and
+	 * a valid minute. We might want to check that the minutes
+	 * are divisible by 30 or something too.
+	 */
+	if (min < 60 && n > 2) {
+		offset = hour*60+min;
+		if (*date == '-')
+			offset = -offset;
+
+		*offp = offset;
+	}
+	return end - date;
+}
+
+static int date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int sign = '+';
+
+	if (offset < 0) {
+		offset = -offset;
+		sign = '-';
+	}
+	return snprintf(buf, len, "%lu %c%02d%02d", date, sign, offset / 60, offset % 60);
+}
+
+/* Gr. strptime is crap for this; it doesn't have a way to require RFC2822
+   (i.e. English) day/month names, and it doesn't work correctly with %z. */
+int parse_date(const char *date, char *result, int maxlen)
+{
+	struct tm tm;
+	int offset, tm_gmt;
+	time_t then;
+
+	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
+	tm.tm_year = -1;
+	tm.tm_mon = -1;
+	tm.tm_mday = -1;
+	tm.tm_isdst = -1;
+	tm.tm_hour = -1;
+	tm.tm_min = -1;
+	tm.tm_sec = -1;
+	offset = -1;
+	tm_gmt = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int match = 0;
+		unsigned char c = *date;
+
+		/* Stop at end of string or newline */
+		if (!c || c == '\n')
+			break;
+
+		if (isalpha(c))
+			match = match_alpha(date, &tm, &offset);
+		else if (isdigit(c))
+			match = match_digit(date, &tm, &offset, &tm_gmt);
+		else if ((c == '-' || c == '+') && isdigit(date[1]))
+			match = match_tz(date, &offset);
+
+		if (!match) {
+			/* BAD CRAP */
+			match = 1;
+		}
+
+		date += match;
+	}
+
+	/* mktime uses local timezone */
+	then = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
+	if (offset == -1)
+		offset = (then - mktime(&tm)) / 60;
+
+	if (then == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!tm_gmt)
+		then -= offset * 60;
+	return date_string(then, offset, result, maxlen);
+}
+
+enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(format, "relative"))
+		return DATE_RELATIVE;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "iso8601") ||
+		 !strcmp(format, "iso"))
+		return DATE_ISO8601;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "rfc2822") ||
+		 !strcmp(format, "rfc"))
+		return DATE_RFC2822;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "short"))
+		return DATE_SHORT;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "local"))
+		return DATE_LOCAL;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "default"))
+		return DATE_NORMAL;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "raw"))
+		return DATE_RAW;
+	else
+		die("unknown date format %s", format);
+}
+
+void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+	time_t now;
+	int offset;
+
+	time(&now);
+
+	offset = tm_to_time_t(localtime(&now)) - now;
+	offset /= 60;
+
+	date_string(now, offset, buf, bufsize);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Relative time update (eg "2 days ago").  If we haven't set the time
+ * yet, we need to set it from current time.
+ */
+static unsigned long update_tm(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, unsigned long sec)
+{
+	time_t n;
+
+	if (tm->tm_mday < 0)
+		tm->tm_mday = now->tm_mday;
+	if (tm->tm_mon < 0)
+		tm->tm_mon = now->tm_mon;
+	if (tm->tm_year < 0) {
+		tm->tm_year = now->tm_year;
+		if (tm->tm_mon > now->tm_mon)
+			tm->tm_year--;
+	}
+
+	n = mktime(tm) - sec;
+	localtime_r(&n, tm);
+	return n;
+}
+
+static void date_now(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	update_tm(tm, now, 0);
+}
+
+static void date_yesterday(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	update_tm(tm, now, 24*60*60);
+}
+
+static void date_time(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int hour)
+{
+	if (tm->tm_hour < hour)
+		date_yesterday(tm, now, NULL);
+	tm->tm_hour = hour;
+	tm->tm_min = 0;
+	tm->tm_sec = 0;
+}
+
+static void date_midnight(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	date_time(tm, now, 0);
+}
+
+static void date_noon(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	date_time(tm, now, 12);
+}
+
+static void date_tea(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	date_time(tm, now, 17);
+}
+
+static void date_pm(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	int hour, n = *num;
+	*num = 0;
+
+	hour = tm->tm_hour;
+	if (n) {
+		hour = n;
+		tm->tm_min = 0;
+		tm->tm_sec = 0;
+	}
+	tm->tm_hour = (hour % 12) + 12;
+}
+
+static void date_am(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	int hour, n = *num;
+	*num = 0;
+
+	hour = tm->tm_hour;
+	if (n) {
+		hour = n;
+		tm->tm_min = 0;
+		tm->tm_sec = 0;
+	}
+	tm->tm_hour = (hour % 12);
+}
+
+static void date_never(struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num)
+{
+	time_t n = 0;
+	localtime_r(&n, tm);
+}
+
+static const struct special {
+	const char *name;
+	void (*fn)(struct tm *, struct tm *, int *);
+} special[] = {
+	{ "yesterday", date_yesterday },
+	{ "noon", date_noon },
+	{ "midnight", date_midnight },
+	{ "tea", date_tea },
+	{ "PM", date_pm },
+	{ "AM", date_am },
+	{ "never", date_never },
+	{ "now", date_now },
+	{ NULL }
+};
+
+static const char *number_name[] = {
+	"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four",
+	"five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten",
+};
+
+static const struct typelen {
+	const char *type;
+	int length;
+} typelen[] = {
+	{ "seconds", 1 },
+	{ "minutes", 60 },
+	{ "hours", 60*60 },
+	{ "days", 24*60*60 },
+	{ "weeks", 7*24*60*60 },
+	{ NULL }
+};
+
+static const char *approxidate_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, struct tm *now, int *num, int *touched)
+{
+	const struct typelen *tl;
+	const struct special *s;
+	const char *end = date;
+	int i;
+
+	while (isalpha(*++end));
+		;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+		int match = match_string(date, month_names[i]);
+		if (match >= 3) {
+			tm->tm_mon = i;
+			*touched = 1;
+			return end;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (s = special; s->name; s++) {
+		int len = strlen(s->name);
+		if (match_string(date, s->name) == len) {
+			s->fn(tm, now, num);
+			*touched = 1;
+			return end;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!*num) {
+		for (i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
+			int len = strlen(number_name[i]);
+			if (match_string(date, number_name[i]) == len) {
+				*num = i;
+				*touched = 1;
+				return end;
+			}
+		}
+		if (match_string(date, "last") == 4) {
+			*num = 1;
+			*touched = 1;
+		}
+		return end;
+	}
+
+	tl = typelen;
+	while (tl->type) {
+		int len = strlen(tl->type);
+		if (match_string(date, tl->type) >= len-1) {
+			update_tm(tm, now, tl->length * *num);
+			*num = 0;
+			*touched = 1;
+			return end;
+		}
+		tl++;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+		int match = match_string(date, weekday_names[i]);
+		if (match >= 3) {
+			int diff, n = *num -1;
+			*num = 0;
+
+			diff = tm->tm_wday - i;
+			if (diff <= 0)
+				n++;
+			diff += 7*n;
+
+			update_tm(tm, now, diff * 24 * 60 * 60);
+			*touched = 1;
+			return end;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (match_string(date, "months") >= 5) {
+		int n;
+		update_tm(tm, now, 0); /* fill in date fields if needed */
+		n = tm->tm_mon - *num;
+		*num = 0;
+		while (n < 0) {
+			n += 12;
+			tm->tm_year--;
+		}
+		tm->tm_mon = n;
+		*touched = 1;
+		return end;
+	}
+
+	if (match_string(date, "years") >= 4) {
+		update_tm(tm, now, 0); /* fill in date fields if needed */
+		tm->tm_year -= *num;
+		*num = 0;
+		*touched = 1;
+		return end;
+	}
+
+	return end;
+}
+
+static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num)
+{
+	char *end;
+	unsigned long number = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
+
+	switch (*end) {
+	case ':':
+	case '.':
+	case '/':
+	case '-':
+		if (isdigit(end[1])) {
+			int match = match_multi_number(number, *end, date, end, tm);
+			if (match)
+				return date + match;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Accept zero-padding only for small numbers ("Dec 02", never "Dec 0002") */
+	if (date[0] != '0' || end - date <= 2)
+		*num = number;
+	return end;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do we have a pending number at the end, or when
+ * we see a new one? Let's assume it's a month day,
+ * as in "Dec 6, 1992"
+ */
+static void pending_number(struct tm *tm, int *num)
+{
+	int number = *num;
+
+	if (number) {
+		*num = 0;
+		if (tm->tm_mday < 0 && number < 32)
+			tm->tm_mday = number;
+		else if (tm->tm_mon < 0 && number < 13)
+			tm->tm_mon = number-1;
+		else if (tm->tm_year < 0) {
+			if (number > 1969 && number < 2100)
+				tm->tm_year = number - 1900;
+			else if (number > 69 && number < 100)
+				tm->tm_year = number;
+			else if (number < 38)
+				tm->tm_year = 100 + number;
+			/* We screw up for number = 00 ? */
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned long approxidate_str(const char *date,
+				     const struct timeval *tv,
+				     int *error_ret)
+{
+	int number = 0;
+	int touched = 0;
+	struct tm tm, now;
+	time_t time_sec;
+
+	time_sec = tv->tv_sec;
+	localtime_r(&time_sec, &tm);
+	now = tm;
+
+	tm.tm_year = -1;
+	tm.tm_mon = -1;
+	tm.tm_mday = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *date;
+		if (!c)
+			break;
+		date++;
+		if (isdigit(c)) {
+			pending_number(&tm, &number);
+			date = approxidate_digit(date-1, &tm, &number);
+			touched = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (isalpha(c))
+			date = approxidate_alpha(date-1, &tm, &now, &number, &touched);
+	}
+	pending_number(&tm, &number);
+	if (!touched)
+		*error_ret = 1;
+	return update_tm(&tm, &now, 0);
+}
+
+unsigned long approxidate_relative(const char *date, const struct timeval *tv)
+{
+	char buffer[50];
+	int errors = 0;
+
+	if (parse_date(date, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) > 0)
+		return strtoul(buffer, NULL, 0);
+
+	return approxidate_str(date, tv, &errors);
+}
+
+unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *date, int *error_ret)
+{
+	struct timeval tv;
+	char buffer[50];
+	int dummy = 0;
+	if (!error_ret)
+		error_ret = &dummy;
+
+	if (parse_date(date, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) > 0) {
+		*error_ret = 0;
+		return strtoul(buffer, NULL, 0);
+	}
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	return approxidate_str(date, &tv, error_ret);
+}
diff --git a/decorate.c b/decorate.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f8a63e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/decorate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * decorate.c - decorate a git object with some arbitrary
+ * data.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+
+static unsigned int hash_obj(const struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
+{
+	unsigned int hash;
+
+	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
+	return hash % n;
+}
+
+static void *insert_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *base, void *decoration)
+{
+	int size = n->size;
+	struct object_decoration *hash = n->hash;
+	unsigned int j = hash_obj(base, size);
+
+	while (hash[j].base) {
+		if (hash[j].base == base) {
+			void *old = hash[j].decoration;
+			hash[j].decoration = decoration;
+			return old;
+		}
+		if (++j >= size)
+			j = 0;
+	}
+	hash[j].base = base;
+	hash[j].decoration = decoration;
+	n->nr++;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void grow_decoration(struct decoration *n)
+{
+	int i;
+	int old_size = n->size;
+	struct object_decoration *old_hash = n->hash;
+
+	n->size = (old_size + 1000) * 3 / 2;
+	n->hash = xcalloc(n->size, sizeof(struct object_decoration));
+	n->nr = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++) {
+		const struct object *base = old_hash[i].base;
+		void *decoration = old_hash[i].decoration;
+
+		if (!base)
+			continue;
+		insert_decoration(n, base, decoration);
+	}
+	free(old_hash);
+}
+
+/* Add a decoration pointer, return any old one */
+void *add_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *obj,
+		void *decoration)
+{
+	int nr = n->nr + 1;
+
+	if (nr > n->size * 2 / 3)
+		grow_decoration(n);
+	return insert_decoration(n, obj, decoration);
+}
+
+/* Lookup a decoration pointer */
+void *lookup_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *obj)
+{
+	unsigned int j;
+
+	/* nothing to lookup */
+	if (!n->size)
+		return NULL;
+	j = hash_obj(obj, n->size);
+	for (;;) {
+		struct object_decoration *ref = n->hash + j;
+		if (ref->base == obj)
+			return ref->decoration;
+		if (!ref->base)
+			return NULL;
+		if (++j == n->size)
+			j = 0;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/decorate.h b/decorate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e732804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/decorate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef DECORATE_H
+#define DECORATE_H
+
+struct object_decoration {
+	const struct object *base;
+	void *decoration;
+};
+
+struct decoration {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned int size, nr;
+	struct object_decoration *hash;
+};
+
+extern void *add_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *obj, void *decoration);
+extern void *lookup_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *obj);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/delta.h b/delta.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9d333d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/delta.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#ifndef DELTA_H
+#define DELTA_H
+
+/* opaque object for delta index */
+struct delta_index;
+
+/*
+ * create_delta_index: compute index data from given buffer
+ *
+ * This returns a pointer to a struct delta_index that should be passed to
+ * subsequent create_delta() calls, or to free_delta_index().  A NULL pointer
+ * is returned on failure.  The given buffer must not be freed nor altered
+ * before free_delta_index() is called.  The returned pointer must be freed
+ * using free_delta_index().
+ */
+extern struct delta_index *
+create_delta_index(const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize);
+
+/*
+ * free_delta_index: free the index created by create_delta_index()
+ *
+ * Given pointer must be what create_delta_index() returned, or NULL.
+ */
+extern void free_delta_index(struct delta_index *index);
+
+/*
+ * sizeof_delta_index: returns memory usage of delta index
+ *
+ * Given pointer must be what create_delta_index() returned, or NULL.
+ */
+extern unsigned long sizeof_delta_index(struct delta_index *index);
+
+/*
+ * create_delta: create a delta from given index for the given buffer
+ *
+ * This function may be called multiple times with different buffers using
+ * the same delta_index pointer.  If max_delta_size is non-zero and the
+ * resulting delta is to be larger than max_delta_size then NULL is returned.
+ * On success, a non-NULL pointer to the buffer with the delta data is
+ * returned and *delta_size is updated with its size.  The returned buffer
+ * must be freed by the caller.
+ */
+extern void *
+create_delta(const struct delta_index *index,
+	     const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize,
+	     unsigned long *delta_size, unsigned long max_delta_size);
+
+/*
+ * diff_delta: create a delta from source buffer to target buffer
+ *
+ * If max_delta_size is non-zero and the resulting delta is to be larger
+ * than max_delta_size then NULL is returned.  On success, a non-NULL
+ * pointer to the buffer with the delta data is returned and *delta_size is
+ * updated with its size.  The returned buffer must be freed by the caller.
+ */
+static inline void *
+diff_delta(const void *src_buf, unsigned long src_bufsize,
+	   const void *trg_buf, unsigned long trg_bufsize,
+	   unsigned long *delta_size, unsigned long max_delta_size)
+{
+	struct delta_index *index = create_delta_index(src_buf, src_bufsize);
+	if (index) {
+		void *delta = create_delta(index, trg_buf, trg_bufsize,
+					   delta_size, max_delta_size);
+		free_delta_index(index);
+		return delta;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * patch_delta: recreate target buffer given source buffer and delta data
+ *
+ * On success, a non-NULL pointer to the target buffer is returned and
+ * *trg_bufsize is updated with its size.  On failure a NULL pointer is
+ * returned.  The returned buffer must be freed by the caller.
+ */
+extern void *patch_delta(const void *src_buf, unsigned long src_size,
+			 const void *delta_buf, unsigned long delta_size,
+			 unsigned long *dst_size);
+
+/* the smallest possible delta size is 4 bytes */
+#define DELTA_SIZE_MIN	4
+
+/*
+ * This must be called twice on the delta data buffer, first to get the
+ * expected source buffer size, and again to get the target buffer size.
+ */
+static inline unsigned long get_delta_hdr_size(const unsigned char **datap,
+					       const unsigned char *top)
+{
+	const unsigned char *data = *datap;
+	unsigned long cmd, size = 0;
+	int i = 0;
+	do {
+		cmd = *data++;
+		size |= (cmd & 0x7f) << i;
+		i += 7;
+	} while (cmd & 0x80 && data < top);
+	*datap = data;
+	return size;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/diff-delta.c b/diff-delta.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..464ac3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diff-delta.c
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+/*
+ * diff-delta.c: generate a delta between two buffers
+ *
+ * This code was greatly inspired by parts of LibXDiff from Davide Libenzi
+ * http://www.xmailserver.org/xdiff-lib.html
+ *
+ * Rewritten for GIT by Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>, (C) 2005-2007
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+
+/* maximum hash entry list for the same hash bucket */
+#define HASH_LIMIT 64
+
+#define RABIN_SHIFT 23
+#define RABIN_WINDOW 16
+
+static const unsigned int T[256] = {
+	0x00000000, 0xab59b4d1, 0x56b369a2, 0xfdeadd73, 0x063f6795, 0xad66d344,
+	0x508c0e37, 0xfbd5bae6, 0x0c7ecf2a, 0xa7277bfb, 0x5acda688, 0xf1941259,
+	0x0a41a8bf, 0xa1181c6e, 0x5cf2c11d, 0xf7ab75cc, 0x18fd9e54, 0xb3a42a85,
+	0x4e4ef7f6, 0xe5174327, 0x1ec2f9c1, 0xb59b4d10, 0x48719063, 0xe32824b2,
+	0x1483517e, 0xbfdae5af, 0x423038dc, 0xe9698c0d, 0x12bc36eb, 0xb9e5823a,
+	0x440f5f49, 0xef56eb98, 0x31fb3ca8, 0x9aa28879, 0x6748550a, 0xcc11e1db,
+	0x37c45b3d, 0x9c9defec, 0x6177329f, 0xca2e864e, 0x3d85f382, 0x96dc4753,
+	0x6b369a20, 0xc06f2ef1, 0x3bba9417, 0x90e320c6, 0x6d09fdb5, 0xc6504964,
+	0x2906a2fc, 0x825f162d, 0x7fb5cb5e, 0xd4ec7f8f, 0x2f39c569, 0x846071b8,
+	0x798aaccb, 0xd2d3181a, 0x25786dd6, 0x8e21d907, 0x73cb0474, 0xd892b0a5,
+	0x23470a43, 0x881ebe92, 0x75f463e1, 0xdeadd730, 0x63f67950, 0xc8afcd81,
+	0x354510f2, 0x9e1ca423, 0x65c91ec5, 0xce90aa14, 0x337a7767, 0x9823c3b6,
+	0x6f88b67a, 0xc4d102ab, 0x393bdfd8, 0x92626b09, 0x69b7d1ef, 0xc2ee653e,
+	0x3f04b84d, 0x945d0c9c, 0x7b0be704, 0xd05253d5, 0x2db88ea6, 0x86e13a77,
+	0x7d348091, 0xd66d3440, 0x2b87e933, 0x80de5de2, 0x7775282e, 0xdc2c9cff,
+	0x21c6418c, 0x8a9ff55d, 0x714a4fbb, 0xda13fb6a, 0x27f92619, 0x8ca092c8,
+	0x520d45f8, 0xf954f129, 0x04be2c5a, 0xafe7988b, 0x5432226d, 0xff6b96bc,
+	0x02814bcf, 0xa9d8ff1e, 0x5e738ad2, 0xf52a3e03, 0x08c0e370, 0xa39957a1,
+	0x584ced47, 0xf3155996, 0x0eff84e5, 0xa5a63034, 0x4af0dbac, 0xe1a96f7d,
+	0x1c43b20e, 0xb71a06df, 0x4ccfbc39, 0xe79608e8, 0x1a7cd59b, 0xb125614a,
+	0x468e1486, 0xedd7a057, 0x103d7d24, 0xbb64c9f5, 0x40b17313, 0xebe8c7c2,
+	0x16021ab1, 0xbd5bae60, 0x6cb54671, 0xc7ecf2a0, 0x3a062fd3, 0x915f9b02,
+	0x6a8a21e4, 0xc1d39535, 0x3c394846, 0x9760fc97, 0x60cb895b, 0xcb923d8a,
+	0x3678e0f9, 0x9d215428, 0x66f4eece, 0xcdad5a1f, 0x3047876c, 0x9b1e33bd,
+	0x7448d825, 0xdf116cf4, 0x22fbb187, 0x89a20556, 0x7277bfb0, 0xd92e0b61,
+	0x24c4d612, 0x8f9d62c3, 0x7836170f, 0xd36fa3de, 0x2e857ead, 0x85dcca7c,
+	0x7e09709a, 0xd550c44b, 0x28ba1938, 0x83e3ade9, 0x5d4e7ad9, 0xf617ce08,
+	0x0bfd137b, 0xa0a4a7aa, 0x5b711d4c, 0xf028a99d, 0x0dc274ee, 0xa69bc03f,
+	0x5130b5f3, 0xfa690122, 0x0783dc51, 0xacda6880, 0x570fd266, 0xfc5666b7,
+	0x01bcbbc4, 0xaae50f15, 0x45b3e48d, 0xeeea505c, 0x13008d2f, 0xb85939fe,
+	0x438c8318, 0xe8d537c9, 0x153feaba, 0xbe665e6b, 0x49cd2ba7, 0xe2949f76,
+	0x1f7e4205, 0xb427f6d4, 0x4ff24c32, 0xe4abf8e3, 0x19412590, 0xb2189141,
+	0x0f433f21, 0xa41a8bf0, 0x59f05683, 0xf2a9e252, 0x097c58b4, 0xa225ec65,
+	0x5fcf3116, 0xf49685c7, 0x033df00b, 0xa86444da, 0x558e99a9, 0xfed72d78,
+	0x0502979e, 0xae5b234f, 0x53b1fe3c, 0xf8e84aed, 0x17bea175, 0xbce715a4,
+	0x410dc8d7, 0xea547c06, 0x1181c6e0, 0xbad87231, 0x4732af42, 0xec6b1b93,
+	0x1bc06e5f, 0xb099da8e, 0x4d7307fd, 0xe62ab32c, 0x1dff09ca, 0xb6a6bd1b,
+	0x4b4c6068, 0xe015d4b9, 0x3eb80389, 0x95e1b758, 0x680b6a2b, 0xc352defa,
+	0x3887641c, 0x93ded0cd, 0x6e340dbe, 0xc56db96f, 0x32c6cca3, 0x999f7872,
+	0x6475a501, 0xcf2c11d0, 0x34f9ab36, 0x9fa01fe7, 0x624ac294, 0xc9137645,
+	0x26459ddd, 0x8d1c290c, 0x70f6f47f, 0xdbaf40ae, 0x207afa48, 0x8b234e99,
+	0x76c993ea, 0xdd90273b, 0x2a3b52f7, 0x8162e626, 0x7c883b55, 0xd7d18f84,
+	0x2c043562, 0x875d81b3, 0x7ab75cc0, 0xd1eee811
+};
+
+static const unsigned int U[256] = {
+	0x00000000, 0x7eb5200d, 0x5633f4cb, 0x2886d4c6, 0x073e5d47, 0x798b7d4a,
+	0x510da98c, 0x2fb88981, 0x0e7cba8e, 0x70c99a83, 0x584f4e45, 0x26fa6e48,
+	0x0942e7c9, 0x77f7c7c4, 0x5f711302, 0x21c4330f, 0x1cf9751c, 0x624c5511,
+	0x4aca81d7, 0x347fa1da, 0x1bc7285b, 0x65720856, 0x4df4dc90, 0x3341fc9d,
+	0x1285cf92, 0x6c30ef9f, 0x44b63b59, 0x3a031b54, 0x15bb92d5, 0x6b0eb2d8,
+	0x4388661e, 0x3d3d4613, 0x39f2ea38, 0x4747ca35, 0x6fc11ef3, 0x11743efe,
+	0x3eccb77f, 0x40799772, 0x68ff43b4, 0x164a63b9, 0x378e50b6, 0x493b70bb,
+	0x61bda47d, 0x1f088470, 0x30b00df1, 0x4e052dfc, 0x6683f93a, 0x1836d937,
+	0x250b9f24, 0x5bbebf29, 0x73386bef, 0x0d8d4be2, 0x2235c263, 0x5c80e26e,
+	0x740636a8, 0x0ab316a5, 0x2b7725aa, 0x55c205a7, 0x7d44d161, 0x03f1f16c,
+	0x2c4978ed, 0x52fc58e0, 0x7a7a8c26, 0x04cfac2b, 0x73e5d470, 0x0d50f47d,
+	0x25d620bb, 0x5b6300b6, 0x74db8937, 0x0a6ea93a, 0x22e87dfc, 0x5c5d5df1,
+	0x7d996efe, 0x032c4ef3, 0x2baa9a35, 0x551fba38, 0x7aa733b9, 0x041213b4,
+	0x2c94c772, 0x5221e77f, 0x6f1ca16c, 0x11a98161, 0x392f55a7, 0x479a75aa,
+	0x6822fc2b, 0x1697dc26, 0x3e1108e0, 0x40a428ed, 0x61601be2, 0x1fd53bef,
+	0x3753ef29, 0x49e6cf24, 0x665e46a5, 0x18eb66a8, 0x306db26e, 0x4ed89263,
+	0x4a173e48, 0x34a21e45, 0x1c24ca83, 0x6291ea8e, 0x4d29630f, 0x339c4302,
+	0x1b1a97c4, 0x65afb7c9, 0x446b84c6, 0x3adea4cb, 0x1258700d, 0x6ced5000,
+	0x4355d981, 0x3de0f98c, 0x15662d4a, 0x6bd30d47, 0x56ee4b54, 0x285b6b59,
+	0x00ddbf9f, 0x7e689f92, 0x51d01613, 0x2f65361e, 0x07e3e2d8, 0x7956c2d5,
+	0x5892f1da, 0x2627d1d7, 0x0ea10511, 0x7014251c, 0x5facac9d, 0x21198c90,
+	0x099f5856, 0x772a785b, 0x4c921c31, 0x32273c3c, 0x1aa1e8fa, 0x6414c8f7,
+	0x4bac4176, 0x3519617b, 0x1d9fb5bd, 0x632a95b0, 0x42eea6bf, 0x3c5b86b2,
+	0x14dd5274, 0x6a687279, 0x45d0fbf8, 0x3b65dbf5, 0x13e30f33, 0x6d562f3e,
+	0x506b692d, 0x2ede4920, 0x06589de6, 0x78edbdeb, 0x5755346a, 0x29e01467,
+	0x0166c0a1, 0x7fd3e0ac, 0x5e17d3a3, 0x20a2f3ae, 0x08242768, 0x76910765,
+	0x59298ee4, 0x279caee9, 0x0f1a7a2f, 0x71af5a22, 0x7560f609, 0x0bd5d604,
+	0x235302c2, 0x5de622cf, 0x725eab4e, 0x0ceb8b43, 0x246d5f85, 0x5ad87f88,
+	0x7b1c4c87, 0x05a96c8a, 0x2d2fb84c, 0x539a9841, 0x7c2211c0, 0x029731cd,
+	0x2a11e50b, 0x54a4c506, 0x69998315, 0x172ca318, 0x3faa77de, 0x411f57d3,
+	0x6ea7de52, 0x1012fe5f, 0x38942a99, 0x46210a94, 0x67e5399b, 0x19501996,
+	0x31d6cd50, 0x4f63ed5d, 0x60db64dc, 0x1e6e44d1, 0x36e89017, 0x485db01a,
+	0x3f77c841, 0x41c2e84c, 0x69443c8a, 0x17f11c87, 0x38499506, 0x46fcb50b,
+	0x6e7a61cd, 0x10cf41c0, 0x310b72cf, 0x4fbe52c2, 0x67388604, 0x198da609,
+	0x36352f88, 0x48800f85, 0x6006db43, 0x1eb3fb4e, 0x238ebd5d, 0x5d3b9d50,
+	0x75bd4996, 0x0b08699b, 0x24b0e01a, 0x5a05c017, 0x728314d1, 0x0c3634dc,
+	0x2df207d3, 0x534727de, 0x7bc1f318, 0x0574d315, 0x2acc5a94, 0x54797a99,
+	0x7cffae5f, 0x024a8e52, 0x06852279, 0x78300274, 0x50b6d6b2, 0x2e03f6bf,
+	0x01bb7f3e, 0x7f0e5f33, 0x57888bf5, 0x293dabf8, 0x08f998f7, 0x764cb8fa,
+	0x5eca6c3c, 0x207f4c31, 0x0fc7c5b0, 0x7172e5bd, 0x59f4317b, 0x27411176,
+	0x1a7c5765, 0x64c97768, 0x4c4fa3ae, 0x32fa83a3, 0x1d420a22, 0x63f72a2f,
+	0x4b71fee9, 0x35c4dee4, 0x1400edeb, 0x6ab5cde6, 0x42331920, 0x3c86392d,
+	0x133eb0ac, 0x6d8b90a1, 0x450d4467, 0x3bb8646a
+};
+
+struct index_entry {
+	const unsigned char *ptr;
+	unsigned int val;
+};
+
+struct unpacked_index_entry {
+	struct index_entry entry;
+	struct unpacked_index_entry *next;
+};
+
+struct delta_index {
+	unsigned long memsize;
+	const void *src_buf;
+	unsigned long src_size;
+	unsigned int hash_mask;
+	struct index_entry *hash[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct delta_index * create_delta_index(const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize)
+{
+	unsigned int i, hsize, hmask, entries, prev_val, *hash_count;
+	const unsigned char *data, *buffer = buf;
+	struct delta_index *index;
+	struct unpacked_index_entry *entry, **hash;
+	struct index_entry *packed_entry, **packed_hash;
+	void *mem;
+	unsigned long memsize;
+
+	if (!buf || !bufsize)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Determine index hash size.  Note that indexing skips the
+	   first byte to allow for optimizing the Rabin's polynomial
+	   initialization in create_delta(). */
+	entries = (bufsize - 1)  / RABIN_WINDOW;
+	hsize = entries / 4;
+	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
+	hsize = 1 << i;
+	hmask = hsize - 1;
+
+	/* allocate lookup index */
+	memsize = sizeof(*hash) * hsize +
+		  sizeof(*entry) * entries;
+	mem = malloc(memsize);
+	if (!mem)
+		return NULL;
+	hash = mem;
+	mem = hash + hsize;
+	entry = mem;
+
+	memset(hash, 0, hsize * sizeof(*hash));
+
+	/* allocate an array to count hash entries */
+	hash_count = calloc(hsize, sizeof(*hash_count));
+	if (!hash_count) {
+		free(hash);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* then populate the index */
+	prev_val = ~0;
+	for (data = buffer + entries * RABIN_WINDOW - RABIN_WINDOW;
+	     data >= buffer;
+	     data -= RABIN_WINDOW) {
+		unsigned int val = 0;
+		for (i = 1; i <= RABIN_WINDOW; i++)
+			val = ((val << 8) | data[i]) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
+		if (val == prev_val) {
+			/* keep the lowest of consecutive identical blocks */
+			entry[-1].entry.ptr = data + RABIN_WINDOW;
+			--entries;
+		} else {
+			prev_val = val;
+			i = val & hmask;
+			entry->entry.ptr = data + RABIN_WINDOW;
+			entry->entry.val = val;
+			entry->next = hash[i];
+			hash[i] = entry++;
+			hash_count[i]++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Determine a limit on the number of entries in the same hash
+	 * bucket.  This guards us against pathological data sets causing
+	 * really bad hash distribution with most entries in the same hash
+	 * bucket that would bring us to O(m*n) computing costs (m and n
+	 * corresponding to reference and target buffer sizes).
+	 *
+	 * Make sure none of the hash buckets has more entries than
+	 * we're willing to test.  Otherwise we cull the entry list
+	 * uniformly to still preserve a good repartition across
+	 * the reference buffer.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < hsize; i++) {
+		int acc;
+
+		if (hash_count[i] <= HASH_LIMIT)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We leave exactly HASH_LIMIT entries in the bucket */
+		entries -= hash_count[i] - HASH_LIMIT;
+
+		entry = hash[i];
+		acc = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * Assume that this loop is gone through exactly
+		 * HASH_LIMIT times and is entered and left with
+		 * acc==0.  So the first statement in the loop
+		 * contributes (hash_count[i]-HASH_LIMIT)*HASH_LIMIT
+		 * to the accumulator, and the inner loop consequently
+		 * is run (hash_count[i]-HASH_LIMIT) times, removing
+		 * one element from the list each time.  Since acc
+		 * balances out to 0 at the final run, the inner loop
+		 * body can't be left with entry==NULL.  So we indeed
+		 * encounter entry==NULL in the outer loop only.
+		 */
+		do {
+			acc += hash_count[i] - HASH_LIMIT;
+			if (acc > 0) {
+				struct unpacked_index_entry *keep = entry;
+				do {
+					entry = entry->next;
+					acc -= HASH_LIMIT;
+				} while (acc > 0);
+				keep->next = entry->next;
+			}
+			entry = entry->next;
+		} while (entry);
+	}
+	free(hash_count);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now create the packed index in array form
+	 * rather than linked lists.
+	 */
+	memsize = sizeof(*index)
+		+ sizeof(*packed_hash) * (hsize+1)
+		+ sizeof(*packed_entry) * entries;
+	mem = malloc(memsize);
+	if (!mem) {
+		free(hash);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	index = mem;
+	index->memsize = memsize;
+	index->src_buf = buf;
+	index->src_size = bufsize;
+	index->hash_mask = hmask;
+
+	mem = index->hash;
+	packed_hash = mem;
+	mem = packed_hash + (hsize+1);
+	packed_entry = mem;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < hsize; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * Coalesce all entries belonging to one linked list
+		 * into consecutive array entries.
+		 */
+		packed_hash[i] = packed_entry;
+		for (entry = hash[i]; entry; entry = entry->next)
+			*packed_entry++ = entry->entry;
+	}
+
+	/* Sentinel value to indicate the length of the last hash bucket */
+	packed_hash[hsize] = packed_entry;
+
+	assert(packed_entry - (struct index_entry *)mem == entries);
+	free(hash);
+
+	return index;
+}
+
+void free_delta_index(struct delta_index *index)
+{
+	free(index);
+}
+
+unsigned long sizeof_delta_index(struct delta_index *index)
+{
+	if (index)
+		return index->memsize;
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The maximum size for any opcode sequence, including the initial header
+ * plus Rabin window plus biggest copy.
+ */
+#define MAX_OP_SIZE	(5 + 5 + 1 + RABIN_WINDOW + 7)
+
+void *
+create_delta(const struct delta_index *index,
+	     const void *trg_buf, unsigned long trg_size,
+	     unsigned long *delta_size, unsigned long max_size)
+{
+	unsigned int i, outpos, outsize, moff, msize, val;
+	int inscnt;
+	const unsigned char *ref_data, *ref_top, *data, *top;
+	unsigned char *out;
+
+	if (!trg_buf || !trg_size)
+		return NULL;
+
+	outpos = 0;
+	outsize = 8192;
+	if (max_size && outsize >= max_size)
+		outsize = max_size + MAX_OP_SIZE + 1;
+	out = malloc(outsize);
+	if (!out)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* store reference buffer size */
+	i = index->src_size;
+	while (i >= 0x80) {
+		out[outpos++] = i | 0x80;
+		i >>= 7;
+	}
+	out[outpos++] = i;
+
+	/* store target buffer size */
+	i = trg_size;
+	while (i >= 0x80) {
+		out[outpos++] = i | 0x80;
+		i >>= 7;
+	}
+	out[outpos++] = i;
+
+	ref_data = index->src_buf;
+	ref_top = ref_data + index->src_size;
+	data = trg_buf;
+	top = (const unsigned char *) trg_buf + trg_size;
+
+	outpos++;
+	val = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < RABIN_WINDOW && data < top; i++, data++) {
+		out[outpos++] = *data;
+		val = ((val << 8) | *data) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
+	}
+	inscnt = i;
+
+	moff = 0;
+	msize = 0;
+	while (data < top) {
+		if (msize < 4096) {
+			struct index_entry *entry;
+			val ^= U[data[-RABIN_WINDOW]];
+			val = ((val << 8) | *data) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
+			i = val & index->hash_mask;
+			for (entry = index->hash[i]; entry < index->hash[i+1]; entry++) {
+				const unsigned char *ref = entry->ptr;
+				const unsigned char *src = data;
+				unsigned int ref_size = ref_top - ref;
+				if (entry->val != val)
+					continue;
+				if (ref_size > top - src)
+					ref_size = top - src;
+				if (ref_size <= msize)
+					break;
+				while (ref_size-- && *src++ == *ref)
+					ref++;
+				if (msize < ref - entry->ptr) {
+					/* this is our best match so far */
+					msize = ref - entry->ptr;
+					moff = entry->ptr - ref_data;
+					if (msize >= 4096) /* good enough */
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (msize < 4) {
+			if (!inscnt)
+				outpos++;
+			out[outpos++] = *data++;
+			inscnt++;
+			if (inscnt == 0x7f) {
+				out[outpos - inscnt - 1] = inscnt;
+				inscnt = 0;
+			}
+			msize = 0;
+		} else {
+			unsigned int left;
+			unsigned char *op;
+
+			if (inscnt) {
+				while (moff && ref_data[moff-1] == data[-1]) {
+					/* we can match one byte back */
+					msize++;
+					moff--;
+					data--;
+					outpos--;
+					if (--inscnt)
+						continue;
+					outpos--;  /* remove count slot */
+					inscnt--;  /* make it -1 */
+					break;
+				}
+				out[outpos - inscnt - 1] = inscnt;
+				inscnt = 0;
+			}
+
+			/* A copy op is currently limited to 64KB (pack v2) */
+			left = (msize < 0x10000) ? 0 : (msize - 0x10000);
+			msize -= left;
+
+			op = out + outpos++;
+			i = 0x80;
+
+			if (moff & 0x000000ff)
+				out[outpos++] = moff >> 0,  i |= 0x01;
+			if (moff & 0x0000ff00)
+				out[outpos++] = moff >> 8,  i |= 0x02;
+			if (moff & 0x00ff0000)
+				out[outpos++] = moff >> 16, i |= 0x04;
+			if (moff & 0xff000000)
+				out[outpos++] = moff >> 24, i |= 0x08;
+
+			if (msize & 0x00ff)
+				out[outpos++] = msize >> 0, i |= 0x10;
+			if (msize & 0xff00)
+				out[outpos++] = msize >> 8, i |= 0x20;
+
+			*op = i;
+
+			data += msize;
+			moff += msize;
+			msize = left;
+
+			if (msize < 4096) {
+				int j;
+				val = 0;
+				for (j = -RABIN_WINDOW; j < 0; j++)
+					val = ((val << 8) | data[j])
+					      ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (outpos >= outsize - MAX_OP_SIZE) {
+			void *tmp = out;
+			outsize = outsize * 3 / 2;
+			if (max_size && outsize >= max_size)
+				outsize = max_size + MAX_OP_SIZE + 1;
+			if (max_size && outpos > max_size)
+				break;
+			out = realloc(out, outsize);
+			if (!out) {
+				free(tmp);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (inscnt)
+		out[outpos - inscnt - 1] = inscnt;
+
+	if (max_size && outpos > max_size) {
+		free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	*delta_size = outpos;
+	return out;
+}
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7e13cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+
+/*
+ * diff-files
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Has the work tree entity been removed?
+ *
+ * Return 1 if it was removed from the work tree, 0 if an entity to be
+ * compared with the cache entry ce still exists (the latter includes
+ * the case where a directory that is not a submodule repository
+ * exists for ce that is a submodule -- it is a submodule that is not
+ * checked out).  Return negative for an error.
+ */
+static int check_removed(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (lstat(ce->name, st) < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+			return -1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (has_symlink_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
+		return 1;
+	if (S_ISDIR(st->st_mode)) {
+		unsigned char sub[20];
+
+		/*
+		 * If ce is already a gitlink, we can have a plain
+		 * directory (i.e. the submodule is not checked out),
+		 * or a checked out submodule.  Either case this is not
+		 * a case where something was removed from the work tree,
+		 * so we will return 0.
+		 *
+		 * Otherwise, if the directory is not a submodule
+		 * repository, that means ce which was a blob turned into
+		 * a directory --- the blob was removed!
+		 */
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		    resolve_gitlink_ref(ce->name, "HEAD", sub))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
+{
+	int entries, i;
+	int diff_unmerged_stage = revs->max_count;
+	int silent_on_removed = option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
+	unsigned ce_option = ((option & DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED)
+			      ? CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY : 0);
+
+	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "i/", "w/");
+
+	if (diff_unmerged_stage < 0)
+		diff_unmerged_stage = 2;
+	entries = active_nr;
+	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		struct stat st;
+		unsigned int oldmode, newmode;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		int changed;
+		unsigned dirty_submodule = 0;
+
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, QUICK) &&
+			DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, HAS_CHANGES))
+			break;
+
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, revs->prune_data))
+			continue;
+
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			struct combine_diff_path *dpath;
+			int num_compare_stages = 0;
+			size_t path_len;
+
+			path_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+			dpath = xmalloc(combine_diff_path_size(5, path_len));
+			dpath->path = (char *) &(dpath->parent[5]);
+
+			dpath->next = NULL;
+			dpath->len = path_len;
+			memcpy(dpath->path, ce->name, path_len);
+			dpath->path[path_len] = '\0';
+			hashclr(dpath->sha1);
+			memset(&(dpath->parent[0]), 0,
+			       sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent)*5);
+
+			changed = check_removed(ce, &st);
+			if (!changed)
+				dpath->mode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+			else {
+				if (changed < 0) {
+					perror(ce->name);
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (silent_on_removed)
+					continue;
+			}
+
+			while (i < entries) {
+				struct cache_entry *nce = active_cache[i];
+				int stage;
+
+				if (strcmp(ce->name, nce->name))
+					break;
+
+				/* Stage #2 (ours) is the first parent,
+				 * stage #3 (theirs) is the second.
+				 */
+				stage = ce_stage(nce);
+				if (2 <= stage) {
+					int mode = nce->ce_mode;
+					num_compare_stages++;
+					hashcpy(dpath->parent[stage-2].sha1, nce->sha1);
+					dpath->parent[stage-2].mode = ce_mode_from_stat(nce, mode);
+					dpath->parent[stage-2].status =
+						DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
+				}
+
+				/* diff against the proper unmerged stage */
+				if (stage == diff_unmerged_stage)
+					ce = nce;
+				i++;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Compensate for loop update
+			 */
+			i--;
+
+			if (revs->combine_merges && num_compare_stages == 2) {
+				show_combined_diff(dpath, 2,
+						   revs->dense_combined_merges,
+						   revs);
+				free(dpath);
+				continue;
+			}
+			free(dpath);
+			dpath = NULL;
+
+			/*
+			 * Show the diff for the 'ce' if we found the one
+			 * from the desired stage.
+			 */
+			diff_unmerge(&revs->diffopt, ce->name, 0, null_sha1);
+			if (ce_stage(ce) != diff_unmerged_stage)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (ce_uptodate(ce) || ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+			continue;
+
+		/* If CE_VALID is set, don't look at workdir for file removal */
+		changed = (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) ? 0 : check_removed(ce, &st);
+		if (changed) {
+			if (changed < 0) {
+				perror(ce->name);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (silent_on_removed)
+				continue;
+			diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
+				       ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+		changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, ce_option);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)
+		    && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES)
+		    && (!changed || (revs->diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
+		    && is_submodule_modified(ce->name)) {
+			changed = 1;
+			dirty_submodule = 1;
+		}
+		if (!changed) {
+			ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
+			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
+				continue;
+		}
+		oldmode = ce->ce_mode;
+		newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+		diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, newmode,
+			    ce->sha1, (changed ? null_sha1 : ce->sha1),
+			    ce->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
+
+	}
+	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
+	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * diff-index
+ */
+
+/* A file entry went away or appeared */
+static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 const char *prefix,
+				 struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
+				 unsigned dirty_submodule)
+{
+	diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, prefix[0], mode,
+		       sha1, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
+}
+
+static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 const unsigned char **sha1p,
+			 unsigned int *modep,
+			 int cached, int match_missing,
+			 unsigned *dirty_submodule, struct diff_options *diffopt)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = ce->sha1;
+	unsigned int mode = ce->ce_mode;
+
+	if (!cached && !ce_uptodate(ce)) {
+		int changed;
+		struct stat st;
+		changed = check_removed(ce, &st);
+		if (changed < 0)
+			return -1;
+		else if (changed) {
+			if (match_missing) {
+				*sha1p = sha1;
+				*modep = mode;
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return -1;
+		}
+		changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)
+		    && !DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES)
+		    && (!changed || (diffopt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
+		    && is_submodule_modified(ce->name)) {
+			changed = 1;
+			*dirty_submodule = 1;
+		}
+		if (changed) {
+			mode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+			sha1 = null_sha1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*sha1p = sha1;
+	*modep = mode;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
+			  struct cache_entry *new,
+			  int cached, int match_missing)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	unsigned dirty_submodule = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * New file in the index: it might actually be different in
+	 * the working copy.
+	 */
+	if (get_stat_data(new, &sha1, &mode, cached, match_missing,
+	    &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0)
+		return;
+
+	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, mode, dirty_submodule);
+}
+
+static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
+			 struct cache_entry *old,
+			 struct cache_entry *new,
+			 int report_missing,
+			 int cached, int match_missing)
+{
+	unsigned int mode, oldmode;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned dirty_submodule = 0;
+
+	if (get_stat_data(new, &sha1, &mode, cached, match_missing,
+			  &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0) {
+		if (report_missing)
+			diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", old,
+					     old->sha1, old->ce_mode, 0);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (revs->combine_merges && !cached &&
+	    (hashcmp(sha1, old->sha1) || hashcmp(old->sha1, new->sha1))) {
+		struct combine_diff_path *p;
+		int pathlen = ce_namelen(new);
+
+		p = xmalloc(combine_diff_path_size(2, pathlen));
+		p->path = (char *) &p->parent[2];
+		p->next = NULL;
+		p->len = pathlen;
+		memcpy(p->path, new->name, pathlen);
+		p->path[pathlen] = 0;
+		p->mode = mode;
+		hashclr(p->sha1);
+		memset(p->parent, 0, 2 * sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent));
+		p->parent[0].status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
+		p->parent[0].mode = new->ce_mode;
+		hashcpy(p->parent[0].sha1, new->sha1);
+		p->parent[1].status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
+		p->parent[1].mode = old->ce_mode;
+		hashcpy(p->parent[1].sha1, old->sha1);
+		show_combined_diff(p, 2, revs->dense_combined_merges, revs);
+		free(p);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	oldmode = old->ce_mode;
+	if (mode == oldmode && !hashcmp(sha1, old->sha1) &&
+	    !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
+		return 0;
+
+	diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, mode,
+		    old->sha1, sha1, old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This gets a mix of an existing index and a tree, one pathname entry
+ * at a time. The index entry may be a single stage-0 one, but it could
+ * also be multiple unmerged entries (in which case idx_pos/idx_nr will
+ * give you the position and number of entries in the index).
+ */
+static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+	struct cache_entry *idx,
+	struct cache_entry *tree)
+{
+	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
+	int match_missing, cached;
+
+	/* if the entry is not checked out, don't examine work tree */
+	cached = o->index_only ||
+		(idx && ((idx->ce_flags & CE_VALID) || ce_skip_worktree(idx)));
+	/*
+	 * Backward compatibility wart - "diff-index -m" does
+	 * not mean "do not ignore merges", but "match_missing".
+	 *
+	 * But with the revision flag parsing, that's found in
+	 * "!revs->ignore_merges".
+	 */
+	match_missing = !revs->ignore_merges;
+
+	if (cached && idx && ce_stage(idx)) {
+		diff_unmerge(&revs->diffopt, idx->name, idx->ce_mode,
+			     idx->sha1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Something added to the tree?
+	 */
+	if (!tree) {
+		show_new_file(revs, idx, cached, match_missing);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Something removed from the tree?
+	 */
+	if (!idx) {
+		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Show difference between old and new */
+	show_modified(revs, tree, idx, 1, cached, match_missing);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The unpack_trees() interface is designed for merging, so
+ * the different source entries are designed primarily for
+ * the source trees, with the old index being really mainly
+ * used for being replaced by the result.
+ *
+ * For diffing, the index is more important, and we only have a
+ * single tree.
+ *
+ * We're supposed to advance o->pos to skip what we have already processed.
+ *
+ * This wrapper makes it all more readable, and takes care of all
+ * the fairly complex unpack_trees() semantic requirements, including
+ * the skipping, the path matching, the type conflict cases etc.
+ */
+static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
+	struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
+	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
+
+	/*
+	 * Unpack-trees generates a DF/conflict entry if
+	 * there was a directory in the index and a tree
+	 * in the tree. From a diff standpoint, that's a
+	 * delete of the tree and a create of the file.
+	 */
+	if (tree == o->df_conflict_entry)
+		tree = NULL;
+
+	if (ce_path_match(idx ? idx : tree, revs->prune_data))
+		do_oneway_diff(o, idx, tree);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int run_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs, int cached)
+{
+	struct object *ent;
+	struct tree *tree;
+	const char *tree_name;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+
+	ent = revs->pending.objects[0].item;
+	tree_name = revs->pending.objects[0].name;
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(ent->sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		return error("bad tree object %s", tree_name);
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.index_only = cached;
+	opts.diff_index_cached = (cached &&
+				  !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER));
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = oneway_diff;
+	opts.unpack_data = revs;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = NULL;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts))
+		exit(128);
+
+	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "c/", cached ? "i/" : "w/");
+	diffcore_fix_diff_index(&revs->diffopt);
+	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
+	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int do_diff_cache(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct tree *tree;
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	int i;
+	struct cache_entry **dst;
+	struct cache_entry *last = NULL;
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is used by git-blame to run diff-cache internally;
+	 * it potentially needs to repeatedly run this, so we will
+	 * start by removing the higher order entries the last round
+	 * left behind.
+	 */
+	dst = active_cache;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			if (last && !strcmp(ce->name, last->name))
+				continue;
+			cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree,
+						   ce->name);
+			last = ce;
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_REMOVE;
+		}
+		*dst++ = ce;
+	}
+	active_nr = dst - active_cache;
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	revs.prune_data = opt->paths;
+	tree = parse_tree_indirect(tree_sha1);
+	if (!tree)
+		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(tree_sha1));
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.index_only = 1;
+	opts.diff_index_cached = !DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = oneway_diff;
+	opts.unpack_data = &revs;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts))
+		exit(128);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int index_differs_from(const char *def, int diff_flags)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, def);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, QUICK);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+	rev.diffopt.flags |= diff_flags;
+	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
+	if (rev.pending.alloc)
+		free(rev.pending.objects);
+	return (DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, HAS_CHANGES) != 0);
+}
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aae8e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+/*
+ * "diff --no-index" support
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 by Johannes Schindelin
+ * Copyright (c) 2008 by Junio C Hamano
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+
+	if (!(dir = opendir(path)))
+		return error("Could not open directory %s", path);
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)))
+		if (strcmp(".", e->d_name) && strcmp("..", e->d_name))
+			string_list_insert(e->d_name, list);
+
+	closedir(dir);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (!path || !strcmp(path, "/dev/null"))
+		*mode = 0;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	else if (!strcasecmp(path, "nul"))
+		*mode = 0;
+#endif
+	else if (!strcmp(path, "-"))
+		*mode = create_ce_mode(0666);
+	else if (lstat(path, &st))
+		return error("Could not access '%s'", path);
+	else
+		*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
+		const char *name1, const char *name2)
+{
+	int mode1 = 0, mode2 = 0;
+
+	if (get_mode(name1, &mode1) || get_mode(name2, &mode2))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (mode1 && mode2 && S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		return error("file/directory conflict: %s, %s", name1, name2);
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) || S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
+		char buffer1[PATH_MAX], buffer2[PATH_MAX];
+		struct string_list p1 = {NULL, 0, 0, 1}, p2 = {NULL, 0, 0, 1};
+		int len1 = 0, len2 = 0, i1, i2, ret = 0;
+
+		if (name1 && read_directory(name1, &p1))
+			return -1;
+		if (name2 && read_directory(name2, &p2)) {
+			string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (name1) {
+			len1 = strlen(name1);
+			if (len1 > 0 && name1[len1 - 1] == '/')
+				len1--;
+			memcpy(buffer1, name1, len1);
+			buffer1[len1++] = '/';
+		}
+
+		if (name2) {
+			len2 = strlen(name2);
+			if (len2 > 0 && name2[len2 - 1] == '/')
+				len2--;
+			memcpy(buffer2, name2, len2);
+			buffer2[len2++] = '/';
+		}
+
+		for (i1 = i2 = 0; !ret && (i1 < p1.nr || i2 < p2.nr); ) {
+			const char *n1, *n2;
+			int comp;
+
+			if (i1 == p1.nr)
+				comp = 1;
+			else if (i2 == p2.nr)
+				comp = -1;
+			else
+				comp = strcmp(p1.items[i1].string,
+					p2.items[i2].string);
+
+			if (comp > 0)
+				n1 = NULL;
+			else {
+				n1 = buffer1;
+				strncpy(buffer1 + len1, p1.items[i1++].string,
+						PATH_MAX - len1);
+			}
+
+			if (comp < 0)
+				n2 = NULL;
+			else {
+				n2 = buffer2;
+				strncpy(buffer2 + len2, p2.items[i2++].string,
+						PATH_MAX - len2);
+			}
+
+			ret = queue_diff(o, n1, n2);
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
+		string_list_clear(&p2, 0);
+
+		return ret;
+	} else {
+		struct diff_filespec *d1, *d2;
+
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
+			unsigned tmp;
+			const char *tmp_c;
+			tmp = mode1; mode1 = mode2; mode2 = tmp;
+			tmp_c = name1; name1 = name2; name2 = tmp_c;
+		}
+
+		if (!name1)
+			name1 = "/dev/null";
+		if (!name2)
+			name2 = "/dev/null";
+		d1 = alloc_filespec(name1);
+		d2 = alloc_filespec(name2);
+		fill_filespec(d1, null_sha1, mode1);
+		fill_filespec(d2, null_sha1, mode2);
+
+		diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, d1, d2);
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int path_outside_repo(const char *path)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We have already done setup_git_directory_gently() so we
+	 * know we are inside a git work tree already.
+	 */
+	const char *work_tree;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(path))
+		return 0;
+	work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+	len = strlen(work_tree);
+	if (strncmp(path, work_tree, len) ||
+	    (path[len] != '\0' && path[len] != '/'))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
+		   int argc, const char **argv,
+		   int nongit, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	int no_index = 0;
+	unsigned options = 0;
+
+	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
+			no_index = 1;
+		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!no_index && !nongit) {
+		/*
+		 * Inside a git repository, without --no-index.  Only
+		 * when a path outside the repository is given,
+		 * e.g. "git diff /var/tmp/[12]", or "git diff
+		 * Makefile /var/tmp/Makefile", allow it to be used as
+		 * a colourful "diff" replacement.
+		 */
+		if ((argc != i + 2) ||
+		    (!path_outside_repo(argv[i]) &&
+		     !path_outside_repo(argv[i+1])))
+			return;
+	}
+	if (argc != i + 2)
+		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
+		       no_index ? "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+
+	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc - 2; ) {
+		int j;
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
+			i++;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-q")) {
+			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
+			i++;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--"))
+			i++;
+		else {
+			j = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv + i, argc - i);
+			if (!j)
+				die("invalid diff option/value: %s", argv[i]);
+			i += j;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
+	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
+		setup_pager();
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		int len = strlen(prefix);
+
+		revs->diffopt.paths = xcalloc(2, sizeof(char *));
+		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+			const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+			/*
+			 * stdin should be spelled as '-'; if you have
+			 * path that is '-', spell it as ./-.
+			 */
+			p = (strcmp(p, "-")
+			     ? xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, len, p))
+			     : p);
+			revs->diffopt.paths[i] = p;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		revs->diffopt.paths = argv + argc - 2;
+	revs->diffopt.nr_paths = 2;
+	revs->diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = 1;
+	if (!revs->diffopt.output_format)
+		revs->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, NO_INDEX);
+
+	revs->max_count = -2;
+	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
+		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+
+	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, revs->diffopt.paths[0],
+		       revs->diffopt.paths[1]))
+		exit(1);
+	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "1/", "2/");
+	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
+	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
+
+	/*
+	 * The return code for --no-index imitates diff(1):
+	 * 0 = no changes, 1 = changes, else error
+	 */
+	exit(revs->diffopt.found_changes);
+}
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..381cc8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3866 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+
+#ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
+#define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
+#else
+#define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 1
+#endif
+
+static int diff_detect_rename_default;
+static int diff_rename_limit_default = 200;
+static int diff_suppress_blank_empty;
+int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static const char *diff_word_regex_cfg;
+static const char *external_diff_cmd_cfg;
+int diff_auto_refresh_index = 1;
+static int diff_mnemonic_prefix;
+
+static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD,		/* METAINFO */
+	GIT_COLOR_CYAN,		/* FRAGINFO */
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* OLD */
+	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* NEW */
+	GIT_COLOR_YELLOW,	/* COMMIT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BG_RED,	/* WHITESPACE */
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* FUNCINFO */
+};
+
+static void diff_filespec_load_driver(struct diff_filespec *one);
+static char *run_textconv(const char *, struct diff_filespec *, size_t *);
+
+static int parse_diff_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "plain"))
+		return DIFF_PLAIN;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "meta"))
+		return DIFF_METAINFO;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "frag"))
+		return DIFF_FRAGINFO;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "old"))
+		return DIFF_FILE_OLD;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "new"))
+		return DIFF_FILE_NEW;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "commit"))
+		return DIFF_COMMIT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "whitespace"))
+		return DIFF_WHITESPACE;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "func"))
+		return DIFF_FUNCINFO;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+	if (!strcasecmp(value, "copies") || !strcasecmp(value, "copy"))
+		return  DIFF_DETECT_COPY;
+	return git_config_bool(var,value) ? DIFF_DETECT_RENAME : 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are to give UI layer defaults.
+ * The core-level commands such as git-diff-files should
+ * never be affected by the setting of diff.renames
+ * the user happens to have in the configuration file.
+ */
+int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff")) {
+		diff_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value, -1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renames")) {
+		diff_detect_rename_default = git_config_rename(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.autorefreshindex")) {
+		diff_auto_refresh_index = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.mnemonicprefix")) {
+		diff_mnemonic_prefix = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.external"))
+		return git_config_string(&external_diff_cmd_cfg, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.wordregex"))
+		return git_config_string(&diff_word_regex_cfg, var, value);
+
+	return git_diff_basic_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renamelimit")) {
+		diff_rename_limit_default = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	switch (userdiff_config(var, value)) {
+		case 0: break;
+		case -1: return -1;
+		default: return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "diff.color.") || !prefixcmp(var, "color.diff.")) {
+		int slot = parse_diff_color_slot(var, 11);
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		color_parse(value, var, diff_colors[slot]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* like GNU diff's --suppress-blank-empty option  */
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.suppressblankempty") ||
+			/* for backwards compatibility */
+			!strcmp(var, "diff.suppress-blank-empty")) {
+		diff_suppress_blank_empty = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static char *quote_two(const char *one, const char *two)
+{
+	int need_one = quote_c_style(one, NULL, NULL, 1);
+	int need_two = quote_c_style(two, NULL, NULL, 1);
+	struct strbuf res = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (need_one + need_two) {
+		strbuf_addch(&res, '"');
+		quote_c_style(one, &res, NULL, 1);
+		quote_c_style(two, &res, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_addch(&res, '"');
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(&res, one);
+		strbuf_addstr(&res, two);
+	}
+	return strbuf_detach(&res, NULL);
+}
+
+static const char *external_diff(void)
+{
+	static const char *external_diff_cmd = NULL;
+	static int done_preparing = 0;
+
+	if (done_preparing)
+		return external_diff_cmd;
+	external_diff_cmd = getenv("GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF");
+	if (!external_diff_cmd)
+		external_diff_cmd = external_diff_cmd_cfg;
+	done_preparing = 1;
+	return external_diff_cmd;
+}
+
+static struct diff_tempfile {
+	const char *name; /* filename external diff should read from */
+	char hex[41];
+	char mode[10];
+	char tmp_path[PATH_MAX];
+} diff_temp[2];
+
+typedef unsigned long (*sane_truncate_fn)(char *line, unsigned long len);
+
+struct emit_callback {
+	int color_diff;
+	unsigned ws_rule;
+	int blank_at_eof_in_preimage;
+	int blank_at_eof_in_postimage;
+	int lno_in_preimage;
+	int lno_in_postimage;
+	sane_truncate_fn truncate;
+	const char **label_path;
+	struct diff_words_data *diff_words;
+	int *found_changesp;
+	FILE *file;
+	struct strbuf *header;
+};
+
+static int count_lines(const char *data, int size)
+{
+	int count, ch, completely_empty = 1, nl_just_seen = 0;
+	count = 0;
+	while (0 < size--) {
+		ch = *data++;
+		if (ch == '\n') {
+			count++;
+			nl_just_seen = 1;
+			completely_empty = 0;
+		}
+		else {
+			nl_just_seen = 0;
+			completely_empty = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (completely_empty)
+		return 0;
+	if (!nl_just_seen)
+		count++; /* no trailing newline */
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int fill_mmfile(mmfile_t *mf, struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
+		mf->ptr = (char *)""; /* does not matter */
+		mf->size = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
+		return -1;
+
+	mf->ptr = one->data;
+	mf->size = one->size;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int count_trailing_blank(mmfile_t *mf, unsigned ws_rule)
+{
+	char *ptr = mf->ptr;
+	long size = mf->size;
+	int cnt = 0;
+
+	if (!size)
+		return cnt;
+	ptr += size - 1; /* pointing at the very end */
+	if (*ptr != '\n')
+		; /* incomplete line */
+	else
+		ptr--; /* skip the last LF */
+	while (mf->ptr < ptr) {
+		char *prev_eol;
+		for (prev_eol = ptr; mf->ptr <= prev_eol; prev_eol--)
+			if (*prev_eol == '\n')
+				break;
+		if (!ws_blank_line(prev_eol + 1, ptr - prev_eol, ws_rule))
+			break;
+		cnt++;
+		ptr = prev_eol - 1;
+	}
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+static void check_blank_at_eof(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
+			       struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
+{
+	int l1, l2, at;
+	unsigned ws_rule = ecbdata->ws_rule;
+	l1 = count_trailing_blank(mf1, ws_rule);
+	l2 = count_trailing_blank(mf2, ws_rule);
+	if (l2 <= l1) {
+		ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_preimage = 0;
+		ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_postimage = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	at = count_lines(mf1->ptr, mf1->size);
+	ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_preimage = (at - l1) + 1;
+
+	at = count_lines(mf2->ptr, mf2->size);
+	ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_postimage = (at - l2) + 1;
+}
+
+static void emit_line_0(FILE *file, const char *set, const char *reset,
+			int first, const char *line, int len)
+{
+	int has_trailing_newline, has_trailing_carriage_return;
+	int nofirst;
+
+	if (len == 0) {
+		has_trailing_newline = (first == '\n');
+		has_trailing_carriage_return = (!has_trailing_newline &&
+						(first == '\r'));
+		nofirst = has_trailing_newline || has_trailing_carriage_return;
+	} else {
+		has_trailing_newline = (len > 0 && line[len-1] == '\n');
+		if (has_trailing_newline)
+			len--;
+		has_trailing_carriage_return = (len > 0 && line[len-1] == '\r');
+		if (has_trailing_carriage_return)
+			len--;
+		nofirst = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (len || !nofirst) {
+		fputs(set, file);
+		if (!nofirst)
+			fputc(first, file);
+		fwrite(line, len, 1, file);
+		fputs(reset, file);
+	}
+	if (has_trailing_carriage_return)
+		fputc('\r', file);
+	if (has_trailing_newline)
+		fputc('\n', file);
+}
+
+static void emit_line(FILE *file, const char *set, const char *reset,
+		      const char *line, int len)
+{
+	emit_line_0(file, set, reset, line[0], line+1, len-1);
+}
+
+static int new_blank_line_at_eof(struct emit_callback *ecbdata, const char *line, int len)
+{
+	if (!((ecbdata->ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
+	      ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_preimage &&
+	      ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_postimage &&
+	      ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_preimage <= ecbdata->lno_in_preimage &&
+	      ecbdata->blank_at_eof_in_postimage <= ecbdata->lno_in_postimage))
+		return 0;
+	return ws_blank_line(line, len, ecbdata->ws_rule);
+}
+
+static void emit_add_line(const char *reset,
+			  struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+			  const char *line, int len)
+{
+	const char *ws = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_WHITESPACE);
+	const char *set = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+
+	if (!*ws)
+		emit_line_0(ecbdata->file, set, reset, '+', line, len);
+	else if (new_blank_line_at_eof(ecbdata, line, len))
+		/* Blank line at EOF - paint '+' as well */
+		emit_line_0(ecbdata->file, ws, reset, '+', line, len);
+	else {
+		/* Emit just the prefix, then the rest. */
+		emit_line_0(ecbdata->file, set, reset, '+', "", 0);
+		ws_check_emit(line, len, ecbdata->ws_rule,
+			      ecbdata->file, set, reset, ws);
+	}
+}
+
+static void emit_hunk_header(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+			     const char *line, int len)
+{
+	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	const char *frag = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *func = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_FUNCINFO);
+	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
+	static const char atat[2] = { '@', '@' };
+	const char *cp, *ep;
+
+	/*
+	 * As a hunk header must begin with "@@ -<old>, +<new> @@",
+	 * it always is at least 10 bytes long.
+	 */
+	if (len < 10 ||
+	    memcmp(line, atat, 2) ||
+	    !(ep = memmem(line + 2, len - 2, atat, 2))) {
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, plain, reset, line, len);
+		return;
+	}
+	ep += 2; /* skip over @@ */
+
+	/* The hunk header in fraginfo color */
+	emit_line(ecbdata->file, frag, reset, line, ep - line);
+
+	/* blank before the func header */
+	for (cp = ep; ep - line < len; ep++)
+		if (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')
+			break;
+	if (ep != cp)
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, plain, reset, cp, ep - cp);
+
+	if (ep < line + len)
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, func, reset, ep, line + len - ep);
+}
+
+static struct diff_tempfile *claim_diff_tempfile(void) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_temp); i++)
+		if (!diff_temp[i].name)
+			return diff_temp + i;
+	die("BUG: diff is failing to clean up its tempfiles");
+}
+
+static int remove_tempfile_installed;
+
+static void remove_tempfile(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_temp); i++) {
+		if (diff_temp[i].name == diff_temp[i].tmp_path)
+			unlink_or_warn(diff_temp[i].name);
+		diff_temp[i].name = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_tempfile_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_tempfile();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void print_line_count(FILE *file, int count)
+{
+	switch (count) {
+	case 0:
+		fprintf(file, "0,0");
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		fprintf(file, "1");
+		break;
+	default:
+		fprintf(file, "1,%d", count);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void emit_rewrite_lines(struct emit_callback *ecb,
+			       int prefix, const char *data, int size)
+{
+	const char *endp = NULL;
+	static const char *nneof = " No newline at end of file\n";
+	const char *old = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
+
+	while (0 < size) {
+		int len;
+
+		endp = memchr(data, '\n', size);
+		len = endp ? (endp - data + 1) : size;
+		if (prefix != '+') {
+			ecb->lno_in_preimage++;
+			emit_line_0(ecb->file, old, reset, '-',
+				    data, len);
+		} else {
+			ecb->lno_in_postimage++;
+			emit_add_line(reset, ecb, data, len);
+		}
+		size -= len;
+		data += len;
+	}
+	if (!endp) {
+		const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff,
+						   DIFF_PLAIN);
+		emit_line_0(ecb->file, plain, reset, '\\',
+			    nneof, strlen(nneof));
+	}
+}
+
+static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
+			      const char *name_b,
+			      struct diff_filespec *one,
+			      struct diff_filespec *two,
+			      const char *textconv_one,
+			      const char *textconv_two,
+			      struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	int lc_a, lc_b;
+	int color_diff = DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF);
+	const char *name_a_tab, *name_b_tab;
+	const char *metainfo = diff_get_color(color_diff, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *fraginfo = diff_get_color(color_diff, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *reset = diff_get_color(color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
+	static struct strbuf a_name = STRBUF_INIT, b_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
+	const char *data_one, *data_two;
+	size_t size_one, size_two;
+	struct emit_callback ecbdata;
+
+	if (diff_mnemonic_prefix && DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
+		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
+		b_prefix = o->a_prefix;
+	} else {
+		a_prefix = o->a_prefix;
+		b_prefix = o->b_prefix;
+	}
+
+	name_a += (*name_a == '/');
+	name_b += (*name_b == '/');
+	name_a_tab = strchr(name_a, ' ') ? "\t" : "";
+	name_b_tab = strchr(name_b, ' ') ? "\t" : "";
+
+	strbuf_reset(&a_name);
+	strbuf_reset(&b_name);
+	quote_two_c_style(&a_name, a_prefix, name_a, 0);
+	quote_two_c_style(&b_name, b_prefix, name_b, 0);
+
+	diff_populate_filespec(one, 0);
+	diff_populate_filespec(two, 0);
+	if (textconv_one) {
+		data_one = run_textconv(textconv_one, one, &size_one);
+		if (!data_one)
+			die("unable to read files to diff");
+	}
+	else {
+		data_one = one->data;
+		size_one = one->size;
+	}
+	if (textconv_two) {
+		data_two = run_textconv(textconv_two, two, &size_two);
+		if (!data_two)
+			die("unable to read files to diff");
+	}
+	else {
+		data_two = two->data;
+		size_two = two->size;
+	}
+
+	memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
+	ecbdata.color_diff = color_diff;
+	ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
+	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+	ecbdata.file = o->file;
+	if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
+		mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+		mf1.ptr = (char *)data_one;
+		mf2.ptr = (char *)data_two;
+		mf1.size = size_one;
+		mf2.size = size_two;
+		check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
+	}
+	ecbdata.lno_in_preimage = 1;
+	ecbdata.lno_in_postimage = 1;
+
+	lc_a = count_lines(data_one, size_one);
+	lc_b = count_lines(data_two, size_two);
+	fprintf(o->file,
+		"%s--- %s%s%s\n%s+++ %s%s%s\n%s@@ -",
+		metainfo, a_name.buf, name_a_tab, reset,
+		metainfo, b_name.buf, name_b_tab, reset, fraginfo);
+	print_line_count(o->file, lc_a);
+	fprintf(o->file, " +");
+	print_line_count(o->file, lc_b);
+	fprintf(o->file, " @@%s\n", reset);
+	if (lc_a)
+		emit_rewrite_lines(&ecbdata, '-', data_one, size_one);
+	if (lc_b)
+		emit_rewrite_lines(&ecbdata, '+', data_two, size_two);
+}
+
+struct diff_words_buffer {
+	mmfile_t text;
+	long alloc;
+	struct diff_words_orig {
+		const char *begin, *end;
+	} *orig;
+	int orig_nr, orig_alloc;
+};
+
+static void diff_words_append(char *line, unsigned long len,
+		struct diff_words_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(buffer->text.ptr, buffer->text.size + len, buffer->alloc);
+	line++;
+	len--;
+	memcpy(buffer->text.ptr + buffer->text.size, line, len);
+	buffer->text.size += len;
+	buffer->text.ptr[buffer->text.size] = '\0';
+}
+
+struct diff_words_data {
+	struct diff_words_buffer minus, plus;
+	const char *current_plus;
+	FILE *file;
+	regex_t *word_regex;
+};
+
+static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct diff_words_data *diff_words = priv;
+	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
+	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
+
+	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
+			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
+		return;
+
+	/* POSIX requires that first be decremented by one if len == 0... */
+	if (minus_len) {
+		minus_begin = diff_words->minus.orig[minus_first].begin;
+		minus_end =
+			diff_words->minus.orig[minus_first + minus_len - 1].end;
+	} else
+		minus_begin = minus_end =
+			diff_words->minus.orig[minus_first].end;
+
+	if (plus_len) {
+		plus_begin = diff_words->plus.orig[plus_first].begin;
+		plus_end = diff_words->plus.orig[plus_first + plus_len - 1].end;
+	} else
+		plus_begin = plus_end = diff_words->plus.orig[plus_first].end;
+
+	if (diff_words->current_plus != plus_begin)
+		fwrite(diff_words->current_plus,
+				plus_begin - diff_words->current_plus, 1,
+				diff_words->file);
+	if (minus_begin != minus_end)
+		color_fwrite_lines(diff_words->file,
+				diff_get_color(1, DIFF_FILE_OLD),
+				minus_end - minus_begin, minus_begin);
+	if (plus_begin != plus_end)
+		color_fwrite_lines(diff_words->file,
+				diff_get_color(1, DIFF_FILE_NEW),
+				plus_end - plus_begin, plus_begin);
+
+	diff_words->current_plus = plus_end;
+}
+
+/* This function starts looking at *begin, and returns 0 iff a word was found. */
+static int find_word_boundaries(mmfile_t *buffer, regex_t *word_regex,
+		int *begin, int *end)
+{
+	if (word_regex && *begin < buffer->size) {
+		regmatch_t match[1];
+		if (!regexec(word_regex, buffer->ptr + *begin, 1, match, 0)) {
+			char *p = memchr(buffer->ptr + *begin + match[0].rm_so,
+					'\n', match[0].rm_eo - match[0].rm_so);
+			*end = p ? p - buffer->ptr : match[0].rm_eo + *begin;
+			*begin += match[0].rm_so;
+			return *begin >= *end;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* find the next word */
+	while (*begin < buffer->size && isspace(buffer->ptr[*begin]))
+		(*begin)++;
+	if (*begin >= buffer->size)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* find the end of the word */
+	*end = *begin + 1;
+	while (*end < buffer->size && !isspace(buffer->ptr[*end]))
+		(*end)++;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function splits the words in buffer->text, stores the list with
+ * newline separator into out, and saves the offsets of the original words
+ * in buffer->orig.
+ */
+static void diff_words_fill(struct diff_words_buffer *buffer, mmfile_t *out,
+		regex_t *word_regex)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	long alloc = 0;
+
+	out->size = 0;
+	out->ptr = NULL;
+
+	/* fake an empty "0th" word */
+	ALLOC_GROW(buffer->orig, 1, buffer->orig_alloc);
+	buffer->orig[0].begin = buffer->orig[0].end = buffer->text.ptr;
+	buffer->orig_nr = 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < buffer->text.size; i++) {
+		if (find_word_boundaries(&buffer->text, word_regex, &i, &j))
+			return;
+
+		/* store original boundaries */
+		ALLOC_GROW(buffer->orig, buffer->orig_nr + 1,
+				buffer->orig_alloc);
+		buffer->orig[buffer->orig_nr].begin = buffer->text.ptr + i;
+		buffer->orig[buffer->orig_nr].end = buffer->text.ptr + j;
+		buffer->orig_nr++;
+
+		/* store one word */
+		ALLOC_GROW(out->ptr, out->size + j - i + 1, alloc);
+		memcpy(out->ptr + out->size, buffer->text.ptr + i, j - i);
+		out->ptr[out->size + j - i] = '\n';
+		out->size += j - i + 1;
+
+		i = j - 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* this executes the word diff on the accumulated buffers */
+static void diff_words_show(struct diff_words_data *diff_words)
+{
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+	mmfile_t minus, plus;
+
+	/* special case: only removal */
+	if (!diff_words->plus.text.size) {
+		color_fwrite_lines(diff_words->file,
+			diff_get_color(1, DIFF_FILE_OLD),
+			diff_words->minus.text.size, diff_words->minus.text.ptr);
+		diff_words->minus.text.size = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	diff_words->current_plus = diff_words->plus.text.ptr;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	diff_words_fill(&diff_words->minus, &minus, diff_words->word_regex);
+	diff_words_fill(&diff_words->plus, &plus, diff_words->word_regex);
+	xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	/* as only the hunk header will be parsed, we need a 0-context */
+	xecfg.ctxlen = 0;
+	xdi_diff_outf(&minus, &plus, fn_out_diff_words_aux, diff_words,
+		      &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	free(minus.ptr);
+	free(plus.ptr);
+	if (diff_words->current_plus != diff_words->plus.text.ptr +
+			diff_words->plus.text.size)
+		fwrite(diff_words->current_plus,
+			diff_words->plus.text.ptr + diff_words->plus.text.size
+			- diff_words->current_plus, 1,
+			diff_words->file);
+	diff_words->minus.text.size = diff_words->plus.text.size = 0;
+}
+
+/* In "color-words" mode, show word-diff of words accumulated in the buffer */
+static void diff_words_flush(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
+{
+	if (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.text.size ||
+	    ecbdata->diff_words->plus.text.size)
+		diff_words_show(ecbdata->diff_words);
+}
+
+static void free_diff_words_data(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
+{
+	if (ecbdata->diff_words) {
+		diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
+		free (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.text.ptr);
+		free (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.orig);
+		free (ecbdata->diff_words->plus.text.ptr);
+		free (ecbdata->diff_words->plus.orig);
+		free(ecbdata->diff_words->word_regex);
+		free(ecbdata->diff_words);
+		ecbdata->diff_words = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix)
+{
+	if (diff_use_color)
+		return diff_colors[ix];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static unsigned long sane_truncate_line(struct emit_callback *ecb, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	unsigned long allot;
+	size_t l = len;
+
+	if (ecb->truncate)
+		return ecb->truncate(line, len);
+	cp = line;
+	allot = l;
+	while (0 < l) {
+		(void) utf8_width(&cp, &l);
+		if (!cp)
+			break; /* truncated in the middle? */
+	}
+	return allot - l;
+}
+
+static void find_lno(const char *line, struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	ecbdata->lno_in_preimage = 0;
+	ecbdata->lno_in_postimage = 0;
+	p = strchr(line, '-');
+	if (!p)
+		return; /* cannot happen */
+	ecbdata->lno_in_preimage = strtol(p + 1, NULL, 10);
+	p = strchr(p, '+');
+	if (!p)
+		return; /* cannot happen */
+	ecbdata->lno_in_postimage = strtol(p + 1, NULL, 10);
+}
+
+static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct emit_callback *ecbdata = priv;
+	const char *meta = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
+
+	if (ecbdata->header) {
+		fprintf(ecbdata->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
+		strbuf_reset(ecbdata->header);
+		ecbdata->header = NULL;
+	}
+	*(ecbdata->found_changesp) = 1;
+
+	if (ecbdata->label_path[0]) {
+		const char *name_a_tab, *name_b_tab;
+
+		name_a_tab = strchr(ecbdata->label_path[0], ' ') ? "\t" : "";
+		name_b_tab = strchr(ecbdata->label_path[1], ' ') ? "\t" : "";
+
+		fprintf(ecbdata->file, "%s--- %s%s%s\n",
+			meta, ecbdata->label_path[0], reset, name_a_tab);
+		fprintf(ecbdata->file, "%s+++ %s%s%s\n",
+			meta, ecbdata->label_path[1], reset, name_b_tab);
+		ecbdata->label_path[0] = ecbdata->label_path[1] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (diff_suppress_blank_empty
+	    && len == 2 && line[0] == ' ' && line[1] == '\n') {
+		line[0] = '\n';
+		len = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (line[0] == '@') {
+		if (ecbdata->diff_words)
+			diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
+		len = sane_truncate_line(ecbdata, line, len);
+		find_lno(line, ecbdata);
+		emit_hunk_header(ecbdata, line, len);
+		if (line[len-1] != '\n')
+			putc('\n', ecbdata->file);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (len < 1) {
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, reset, reset, line, len);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (ecbdata->diff_words) {
+		if (line[0] == '-') {
+			diff_words_append(line, len,
+					  &ecbdata->diff_words->minus);
+			return;
+		} else if (line[0] == '+') {
+			diff_words_append(line, len,
+					  &ecbdata->diff_words->plus);
+			return;
+		}
+		diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
+		line++;
+		len--;
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, plain, reset, line, len);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (line[0] != '+') {
+		const char *color =
+			diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff,
+				       line[0] == '-' ? DIFF_FILE_OLD : DIFF_PLAIN);
+		ecbdata->lno_in_preimage++;
+		if (line[0] == ' ')
+			ecbdata->lno_in_postimage++;
+		emit_line(ecbdata->file, color, reset, line, len);
+	} else {
+		ecbdata->lno_in_postimage++;
+		emit_add_line(reset, ecbdata, line + 1, len - 1);
+	}
+}
+
+static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	const char *old = a;
+	const char *new = b;
+	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int pfx_length, sfx_length;
+	int len_a = strlen(a);
+	int len_b = strlen(b);
+	int a_midlen, b_midlen;
+	int qlen_a = quote_c_style(a, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	int qlen_b = quote_c_style(b, NULL, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (qlen_a || qlen_b) {
+		quote_c_style(a, &name, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&name, " => ");
+		quote_c_style(b, &name, NULL, 0);
+		return strbuf_detach(&name, NULL);
+	}
+
+	/* Find common prefix */
+	pfx_length = 0;
+	while (*old && *new && *old == *new) {
+		if (*old == '/')
+			pfx_length = old - a + 1;
+		old++;
+		new++;
+	}
+
+	/* Find common suffix */
+	old = a + len_a;
+	new = b + len_b;
+	sfx_length = 0;
+	while (a <= old && b <= new && *old == *new) {
+		if (*old == '/')
+			sfx_length = len_a - (old - a);
+		old--;
+		new--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * pfx{mid-a => mid-b}sfx
+	 * {pfx-a => pfx-b}sfx
+	 * pfx{sfx-a => sfx-b}
+	 * name-a => name-b
+	 */
+	a_midlen = len_a - pfx_length - sfx_length;
+	b_midlen = len_b - pfx_length - sfx_length;
+	if (a_midlen < 0)
+		a_midlen = 0;
+	if (b_midlen < 0)
+		b_midlen = 0;
+
+	strbuf_grow(&name, pfx_length + a_midlen + b_midlen + sfx_length + 7);
+	if (pfx_length + sfx_length) {
+		strbuf_add(&name, a, pfx_length);
+		strbuf_addch(&name, '{');
+	}
+	strbuf_add(&name, a + pfx_length, a_midlen);
+	strbuf_addstr(&name, " => ");
+	strbuf_add(&name, b + pfx_length, b_midlen);
+	if (pfx_length + sfx_length) {
+		strbuf_addch(&name, '}');
+		strbuf_add(&name, a + len_a - sfx_length, sfx_length);
+	}
+	return strbuf_detach(&name, NULL);
+}
+
+struct diffstat_t {
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	struct diffstat_file {
+		char *from_name;
+		char *name;
+		char *print_name;
+		unsigned is_unmerged:1;
+		unsigned is_binary:1;
+		unsigned is_renamed:1;
+		unsigned int added, deleted;
+	} **files;
+};
+
+static struct diffstat_file *diffstat_add(struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
+					  const char *name_a,
+					  const char *name_b)
+{
+	struct diffstat_file *x;
+	x = xcalloc(sizeof (*x), 1);
+	if (diffstat->nr == diffstat->alloc) {
+		diffstat->alloc = alloc_nr(diffstat->alloc);
+		diffstat->files = xrealloc(diffstat->files,
+				diffstat->alloc * sizeof(x));
+	}
+	diffstat->files[diffstat->nr++] = x;
+	if (name_b) {
+		x->from_name = xstrdup(name_a);
+		x->name = xstrdup(name_b);
+		x->is_renamed = 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		x->from_name = NULL;
+		x->name = xstrdup(name_a);
+	}
+	return x;
+}
+
+static void diffstat_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct diffstat_t *diffstat = priv;
+	struct diffstat_file *x = diffstat->files[diffstat->nr - 1];
+
+	if (line[0] == '+')
+		x->added++;
+	else if (line[0] == '-')
+		x->deleted++;
+}
+
+const char mime_boundary_leader[] = "------------";
+
+static int scale_linear(int it, int width, int max_change)
+{
+	/*
+	 * make sure that at least one '-' is printed if there were deletions,
+	 * and likewise for '+'.
+	 */
+	if (max_change < 2)
+		return it;
+	return ((it - 1) * (width - 1) + max_change - 1) / (max_change - 1);
+}
+
+static void show_name(FILE *file,
+		      const char *prefix, const char *name, int len)
+{
+	fprintf(file, " %s%-*s |", prefix, len, name);
+}
+
+static void show_graph(FILE *file, char ch, int cnt, const char *set, const char *reset)
+{
+	if (cnt <= 0)
+		return;
+	fprintf(file, "%s", set);
+	while (cnt--)
+		putc(ch, file);
+	fprintf(file, "%s", reset);
+}
+
+static void fill_print_name(struct diffstat_file *file)
+{
+	char *pname;
+
+	if (file->print_name)
+		return;
+
+	if (!file->is_renamed) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (quote_c_style(file->name, &buf, NULL, 0)) {
+			pname = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		} else {
+			pname = file->name;
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
+	} else {
+		pname = pprint_rename(file->from_name, file->name);
+	}
+	file->print_name = pname;
+}
+
+static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int i, len, add, del, adds = 0, dels = 0;
+	int max_change = 0, max_len = 0;
+	int total_files = data->nr;
+	int width, name_width;
+	const char *reset, *set, *add_c, *del_c;
+
+	if (data->nr == 0)
+		return;
+
+	width = options->stat_width ? options->stat_width : 80;
+	name_width = options->stat_name_width ? options->stat_name_width : 50;
+
+	/* Sanity: give at least 5 columns to the graph,
+	 * but leave at least 10 columns for the name.
+	 */
+	if (width < 25)
+		width = 25;
+	if (name_width < 10)
+		name_width = 10;
+	else if (width < name_width + 15)
+		name_width = width - 15;
+
+	/* Find the longest filename and max number of changes */
+	reset = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_RESET);
+	set   = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	add_c = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	del_c = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		int change = file->added + file->deleted;
+		fill_print_name(file);
+		len = strlen(file->print_name);
+		if (max_len < len)
+			max_len = len;
+
+		if (file->is_binary || file->is_unmerged)
+			continue;
+		if (max_change < change)
+			max_change = change;
+	}
+
+	/* Compute the width of the graph part;
+	 * 10 is for one blank at the beginning of the line plus
+	 * " | count " between the name and the graph.
+	 *
+	 * From here on, name_width is the width of the name area,
+	 * and width is the width of the graph area.
+	 */
+	name_width = (name_width < max_len) ? name_width : max_len;
+	if (width < (name_width + 10) + max_change)
+		width = width - (name_width + 10);
+	else
+		width = max_change;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		const char *prefix = "";
+		char *name = data->files[i]->print_name;
+		int added = data->files[i]->added;
+		int deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
+		int name_len;
+
+		/*
+		 * "scale" the filename
+		 */
+		len = name_width;
+		name_len = strlen(name);
+		if (name_width < name_len) {
+			char *slash;
+			prefix = "...";
+			len -= 3;
+			name += name_len - len;
+			slash = strchr(name, '/');
+			if (slash)
+				name = slash;
+		}
+
+		if (data->files[i]->is_binary) {
+			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
+			fprintf(options->file, "  Bin ");
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%d%s", del_c, deleted, reset);
+			fprintf(options->file, " -> ");
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%d%s", add_c, added, reset);
+			fprintf(options->file, " bytes");
+			fprintf(options->file, "\n");
+			continue;
+		}
+		else if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
+			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
+			fprintf(options->file, "  Unmerged\n");
+			continue;
+		}
+		else if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
+			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
+			total_files--;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * scale the add/delete
+		 */
+		add = added;
+		del = deleted;
+		adds += add;
+		dels += del;
+
+		if (width <= max_change) {
+			add = scale_linear(add, width, max_change);
+			del = scale_linear(del, width, max_change);
+		}
+		show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
+		fprintf(options->file, "%5d%s", added + deleted,
+				added + deleted ? " " : "");
+		show_graph(options->file, '+', add, add_c, reset);
+		show_graph(options->file, '-', del, del_c, reset);
+		fprintf(options->file, "\n");
+	}
+	fprintf(options->file,
+	       " %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n",
+	       total_files, adds, dels);
+}
+
+static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int i, adds = 0, dels = 0, total_files = data->nr;
+
+	if (data->nr == 0)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		if (!data->files[i]->is_binary &&
+		    !data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
+			int added = data->files[i]->added;
+			int deleted= data->files[i]->deleted;
+			if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
+			    (added + deleted == 0)) {
+				total_files--;
+			} else {
+				adds += added;
+				dels += deleted;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fprintf(options->file, " %d files changed, %d insertions(+), %d deletions(-)\n",
+	       total_files, adds, dels);
+}
+
+static void show_numstat(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (data->nr == 0)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+
+		if (file->is_binary)
+			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
+		else
+			fprintf(options->file,
+				"%d\t%d\t", file->added, file->deleted);
+		if (options->line_termination) {
+			fill_print_name(file);
+			if (!file->is_renamed)
+				write_name_quoted(file->name, options->file,
+						  options->line_termination);
+			else {
+				fputs(file->print_name, options->file);
+				putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (file->is_renamed) {
+				putc('\0', options->file);
+				write_name_quoted(file->from_name, options->file, '\0');
+			}
+			write_name_quoted(file->name, options->file, '\0');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct dirstat_file {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned long changed;
+};
+
+struct dirstat_dir {
+	struct dirstat_file *files;
+	int alloc, nr, percent, cumulative;
+};
+
+static long gather_dirstat(FILE *file, struct dirstat_dir *dir, unsigned long changed, const char *base, int baselen)
+{
+	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
+	unsigned int sources = 0;
+
+	while (dir->nr) {
+		struct dirstat_file *f = dir->files;
+		int namelen = strlen(f->name);
+		unsigned long this;
+		char *slash;
+
+		if (namelen < baselen)
+			break;
+		if (memcmp(f->name, base, baselen))
+			break;
+		slash = strchr(f->name + baselen, '/');
+		if (slash) {
+			int newbaselen = slash + 1 - f->name;
+			this = gather_dirstat(file, dir, changed, f->name, newbaselen);
+			sources++;
+		} else {
+			this = f->changed;
+			dir->files++;
+			dir->nr--;
+			sources += 2;
+		}
+		this_dir += this;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't report dirstat's for
+	 *  - the top level
+	 *  - or cases where everything came from a single directory
+	 *    under this directory (sources == 1).
+	 */
+	if (baselen && sources != 1) {
+		int permille = this_dir * 1000 / changed;
+		if (permille) {
+			int percent = permille / 10;
+			if (percent >= dir->percent) {
+				fprintf(file, "%4d.%01d%% %.*s\n", percent, permille % 10, baselen, base);
+				if (!dir->cumulative)
+					return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return this_dir;
+}
+
+static int dirstat_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	const struct dirstat_file *a = _a;
+	const struct dirstat_file *b = _b;
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static void show_dirstat(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long changed;
+	struct dirstat_dir dir;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+
+	dir.files = NULL;
+	dir.alloc = 0;
+	dir.nr = 0;
+	dir.percent = options->dirstat_percent;
+	dir.cumulative = DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
+
+	changed = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		const char *name;
+		unsigned long copied, added, damage;
+
+		name = p->one->path ? p->one->path : p->two->path;
+
+		if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 0);
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 0);
+			diffcore_count_changes(p->one, p->two, NULL, NULL, 0,
+					       &copied, &added);
+			diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
+			diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
+		} else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 1);
+			copied = added = 0;
+			diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
+		} else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 1);
+			copied = 0;
+			added = p->two->size;
+			diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
+		} else
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Original minus copied is the removed material,
+		 * added is the new material.  They are both damages
+		 * made to the preimage. In --dirstat-by-file mode, count
+		 * damaged files, not damaged lines. This is done by
+		 * counting only a single damaged line per file.
+		 */
+		damage = (p->one->size - copied) + added;
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE) && damage > 0)
+			damage = 1;
+
+		ALLOC_GROW(dir.files, dir.nr + 1, dir.alloc);
+		dir.files[dir.nr].name = name;
+		dir.files[dir.nr].changed = damage;
+		changed += damage;
+		dir.nr++;
+	}
+
+	/* This can happen even with many files, if everything was renames */
+	if (!changed)
+		return;
+
+	/* Show all directories with more than x% of the changes */
+	qsort(dir.files, dir.nr, sizeof(dir.files[0]), dirstat_compare);
+	gather_dirstat(options->file, &dir, changed, "", 0);
+}
+
+static void free_diffstat_info(struct diffstat_t *diffstat)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < diffstat->nr; i++) {
+		struct diffstat_file *f = diffstat->files[i];
+		if (f->name != f->print_name)
+			free(f->print_name);
+		free(f->name);
+		free(f->from_name);
+		free(f);
+	}
+	free(diffstat->files);
+}
+
+struct checkdiff_t {
+	const char *filename;
+	int lineno;
+	struct diff_options *o;
+	unsigned ws_rule;
+	unsigned status;
+};
+
+static int is_conflict_marker(const char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	char firstchar;
+	int cnt;
+
+	if (len < 8)
+		return 0;
+	firstchar = line[0];
+	switch (firstchar) {
+	case '=': case '>': case '<':
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+	for (cnt = 1; cnt < 7; cnt++)
+		if (line[cnt] != firstchar)
+			return 0;
+	/* line[0] thru line[6] are same as firstchar */
+	if (firstchar == '=') {
+		/* divider between ours and theirs? */
+		if (len != 8 || line[7] != '\n')
+			return 0;
+	} else if (len < 8 || !isspace(line[7])) {
+		/* not divider before ours nor after theirs */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct checkdiff_t *data = priv;
+	int color_diff = DIFF_OPT_TST(data->o, COLOR_DIFF);
+	const char *ws = diff_get_color(color_diff, DIFF_WHITESPACE);
+	const char *reset = diff_get_color(color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
+	const char *set = diff_get_color(color_diff, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	char *err;
+
+	if (line[0] == '+') {
+		unsigned bad;
+		data->lineno++;
+		if (is_conflict_marker(line + 1, len - 1)) {
+			data->status |= 1;
+			fprintf(data->o->file,
+				"%s:%d: leftover conflict marker\n",
+				data->filename, data->lineno);
+		}
+		bad = ws_check(line + 1, len - 1, data->ws_rule);
+		if (!bad)
+			return;
+		data->status |= bad;
+		err = whitespace_error_string(bad);
+		fprintf(data->o->file, "%s:%d: %s.\n",
+			data->filename, data->lineno, err);
+		free(err);
+		emit_line(data->o->file, set, reset, line, 1);
+		ws_check_emit(line + 1, len - 1, data->ws_rule,
+			      data->o->file, set, reset, ws);
+	} else if (line[0] == ' ') {
+		data->lineno++;
+	} else if (line[0] == '@') {
+		char *plus = strchr(line, '+');
+		if (plus)
+			data->lineno = strtol(plus, NULL, 10) - 1;
+		else
+			die("invalid diff");
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
+				 unsigned long size,
+				 unsigned long *result_size)
+{
+	int bound;
+	unsigned char *deflated;
+	z_stream stream;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
+	bound = deflateBound(&stream, size);
+	deflated = xmalloc(bound);
+	stream.next_out = deflated;
+	stream.avail_out = bound;
+
+	stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)data;
+	stream.avail_in = size;
+	while (deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
+		; /* nothing */
+	deflateEnd(&stream);
+	*result_size = stream.total_out;
+	return deflated;
+}
+
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
+{
+	void *cp;
+	void *delta;
+	void *deflated;
+	void *data;
+	unsigned long orig_size;
+	unsigned long delta_size;
+	unsigned long deflate_size;
+	unsigned long data_size;
+
+	/* We could do deflated delta, or we could do just deflated two,
+	 * whichever is smaller.
+	 */
+	delta = NULL;
+	deflated = deflate_it(two->ptr, two->size, &deflate_size);
+	if (one->size && two->size) {
+		delta = diff_delta(one->ptr, one->size,
+				   two->ptr, two->size,
+				   &delta_size, deflate_size);
+		if (delta) {
+			void *to_free = delta;
+			orig_size = delta_size;
+			delta = deflate_it(delta, delta_size, &delta_size);
+			free(to_free);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (delta && delta_size < deflate_size) {
+		fprintf(file, "delta %lu\n", orig_size);
+		free(deflated);
+		data = delta;
+		data_size = delta_size;
+	}
+	else {
+		fprintf(file, "literal %lu\n", two->size);
+		free(delta);
+		data = deflated;
+		data_size = deflate_size;
+	}
+
+	/* emit data encoded in base85 */
+	cp = data;
+	while (data_size) {
+		int bytes = (52 < data_size) ? 52 : data_size;
+		char line[70];
+		data_size -= bytes;
+		if (bytes <= 26)
+			line[0] = bytes + 'A' - 1;
+		else
+			line[0] = bytes - 26 + 'a' - 1;
+		encode_85(line + 1, cp, bytes);
+		cp = (char *) cp + bytes;
+		fputs(line, file);
+		fputc('\n', file);
+	}
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
+	free(data);
+}
+
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two)
+{
+	fprintf(file, "GIT binary patch\n");
+	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two);
+	emit_binary_diff_body(file, two, one);
+}
+
+static void diff_filespec_load_driver(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	if (!one->driver)
+		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(one->path);
+	if (!one->driver)
+		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
+}
+
+int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	if (one->is_binary == -1) {
+		diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
+		if (one->driver->binary != -1)
+			one->is_binary = one->driver->binary;
+		else {
+			if (!one->data && DIFF_FILE_VALID(one))
+				diff_populate_filespec(one, 0);
+			if (one->data)
+				one->is_binary = buffer_is_binary(one->data,
+						one->size);
+			if (one->is_binary == -1)
+				one->is_binary = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return one->is_binary;
+}
+
+static const struct userdiff_funcname *diff_funcname_pattern(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
+	return one->driver->funcname.pattern ? &one->driver->funcname : NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *userdiff_word_regex(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
+	return one->driver->word_regex;
+}
+
+void diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(struct diff_options *options, const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	if (!options->a_prefix)
+		options->a_prefix = a;
+	if (!options->b_prefix)
+		options->b_prefix = b;
+}
+
+static const char *get_textconv(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(one))
+		return NULL;
+	if (!S_ISREG(one->mode))
+		return NULL;
+	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
+	return one->driver->textconv;
+}
+
+static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
+			 const char *name_b,
+			 struct diff_filespec *one,
+			 struct diff_filespec *two,
+			 const char *xfrm_msg,
+			 struct diff_options *o,
+			 int complete_rewrite)
+{
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	const char *lbl[2];
+	char *a_one, *b_two;
+	const char *set = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *reset = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_RESET);
+	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
+	const char *textconv_one = NULL, *textconv_two = NULL;
+	struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
+			(!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
+			(!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
+		const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+		const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one ? one->path : two->path,
+				one->sha1, two->sha1, two->dirty_submodule,
+				del, add, reset);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
+		textconv_one = get_textconv(one);
+		textconv_two = get_textconv(two);
+	}
+
+	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(o, "a/", "b/");
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
+		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
+		b_prefix = o->a_prefix;
+	} else {
+		a_prefix = o->a_prefix;
+		b_prefix = o->b_prefix;
+	}
+
+	/* Never use a non-valid filename anywhere if at all possible */
+	name_a = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? name_a : name_b;
+	name_b = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? name_b : name_a;
+
+	a_one = quote_two(a_prefix, name_a + (*name_a == '/'));
+	b_two = quote_two(b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
+	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
+	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
+	strbuf_addf(&header, "%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", set, a_one, b_two, reset);
+	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
+		/* /dev/null */
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%snew file mode %06o%s\n", set, two->mode, reset);
+		if (xfrm_msg && xfrm_msg[0])
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
+	}
+	else if (lbl[1][0] == '/') {
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", set, one->mode, reset);
+		if (xfrm_msg && xfrm_msg[0])
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
+	}
+	else {
+		if (one->mode != two->mode) {
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%sold mode %06o%s\n", set, one->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%snew mode %06o%s\n", set, two->mode, reset);
+		}
+		if (xfrm_msg && xfrm_msg[0])
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%s%s\n", set, xfrm_msg, reset);
+
+		/*
+		 * we do not run diff between different kind
+		 * of objects.
+		 */
+		if ((one->mode ^ two->mode) & S_IFMT)
+			goto free_ab_and_return;
+		if (complete_rewrite &&
+		    (textconv_one || !diff_filespec_is_binary(one)) &&
+		    (textconv_two || !diff_filespec_is_binary(two))) {
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&header);
+			emit_rewrite_diff(name_a, name_b, one, two,
+						textconv_one, textconv_two, o);
+			o->found_changes = 1;
+			goto free_ab_and_return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, one) < 0 || fill_mmfile(&mf2, two) < 0)
+		die("unable to read files to diff");
+
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, TEXT) &&
+	    ( (diff_filespec_is_binary(one) && !textconv_one) ||
+	      (diff_filespec_is_binary(two) && !textconv_two) )) {
+		/* Quite common confusing case */
+		if (mf1.size == mf2.size &&
+		    !memcmp(mf1.ptr, mf2.ptr, mf1.size))
+			goto free_ab_and_return;
+		fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&header);
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, BINARY))
+			emit_binary_diff(o->file, &mf1, &mf2);
+		else
+			fprintf(o->file, "Binary files %s and %s differ\n",
+				lbl[0], lbl[1]);
+		o->found_changes = 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
+		const char *diffopts = getenv("GIT_DIFF_OPTS");
+		xpparam_t xpp;
+		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+		xdemitcb_t ecb;
+		struct emit_callback ecbdata;
+		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe;
+
+		if (!DIFF_XDL_TST(o, WHITESPACE_FLAGS)) {
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&header);
+		}
+
+		if (textconv_one) {
+			size_t size;
+			mf1.ptr = run_textconv(textconv_one, one, &size);
+			if (!mf1.ptr)
+				die("unable to read files to diff");
+			mf1.size = size;
+		}
+		if (textconv_two) {
+			size_t size;
+			mf2.ptr = run_textconv(textconv_two, two, &size);
+			if (!mf2.ptr)
+				die("unable to read files to diff");
+			mf2.size = size;
+		}
+
+		pe = diff_funcname_pattern(one);
+		if (!pe)
+			pe = diff_funcname_pattern(two);
+
+		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+		memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
+		ecbdata.label_path = lbl;
+		ecbdata.color_diff = DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF);
+		ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
+		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+		if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
+			check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
+		ecbdata.file = o->file;
+		ecbdata.header = header.len ? &header : NULL;
+		xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL | o->xdl_opts;
+		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+		xecfg.flags = XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES;
+		if (pe)
+			xdiff_set_find_func(&xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
+		if (!diffopts)
+			;
+		else if (!prefixcmp(diffopts, "--unified="))
+			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(diffopts + 10, NULL, 10);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(diffopts, "-u"))
+			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(diffopts + 2, NULL, 10);
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS)) {
+			ecbdata.diff_words =
+				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct diff_words_data));
+			ecbdata.diff_words->file = o->file;
+			if (!o->word_regex)
+				o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(one);
+			if (!o->word_regex)
+				o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(two);
+			if (!o->word_regex)
+				o->word_regex = diff_word_regex_cfg;
+			if (o->word_regex) {
+				ecbdata.diff_words->word_regex = (regex_t *)
+					xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
+				if (regcomp(ecbdata.diff_words->word_regex,
+						o->word_regex,
+						REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
+					die ("Invalid regular expression: %s",
+							o->word_regex);
+			}
+		}
+		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, fn_out_consume, &ecbdata,
+			      &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS))
+			free_diff_words_data(&ecbdata);
+		if (textconv_one)
+			free(mf1.ptr);
+		if (textconv_two)
+			free(mf2.ptr);
+		xdiff_clear_find_func(&xecfg);
+	}
+
+ free_ab_and_return:
+	strbuf_release(&header);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(two);
+	free(a_one);
+	free(b_two);
+	return;
+}
+
+static void builtin_diffstat(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
+			     struct diff_filespec *one,
+			     struct diff_filespec *two,
+			     struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
+			     struct diff_options *o,
+			     int complete_rewrite)
+{
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	struct diffstat_file *data;
+
+	data = diffstat_add(diffstat, name_a, name_b);
+
+	if (!one || !two) {
+		data->is_unmerged = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (complete_rewrite) {
+		diff_populate_filespec(one, 0);
+		diff_populate_filespec(two, 0);
+		data->deleted = count_lines(one->data, one->size);
+		data->added = count_lines(two->data, two->size);
+		goto free_and_return;
+	}
+	if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, one) < 0 || fill_mmfile(&mf2, two) < 0)
+		die("unable to read files to diff");
+
+	if (diff_filespec_is_binary(one) || diff_filespec_is_binary(two)) {
+		data->is_binary = 1;
+		data->added = mf2.size;
+		data->deleted = mf1.size;
+	} else {
+		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
+		xpparam_t xpp;
+		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+		xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+		xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL | o->xdl_opts;
+		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffstat_consume, diffstat,
+			      &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	}
+
+ free_and_return:
+	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(two);
+}
+
+static void builtin_checkdiff(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
+			      const char *attr_path,
+			      struct diff_filespec *one,
+			      struct diff_filespec *two,
+			      struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	struct checkdiff_t data;
+
+	if (!two)
+		return;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.filename = name_b ? name_b : name_a;
+	data.lineno = 0;
+	data.o = o;
+	data.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(attr_path);
+
+	if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, one) < 0 || fill_mmfile(&mf2, two) < 0)
+		die("unable to read files to diff");
+
+	/*
+	 * All the other codepaths check both sides, but not checking
+	 * the "old" side here is deliberate.  We are checking the newly
+	 * introduced changes, and as long as the "new" side is text, we
+	 * can and should check what it introduces.
+	 */
+	if (diff_filespec_is_binary(two))
+		goto free_and_return;
+	else {
+		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
+		xpparam_t xpp;
+		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+		xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+		xecfg.ctxlen = 1; /* at least one context line */
+		xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, checkdiff_consume, &data,
+			      &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+
+		if (data.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
+			struct emit_callback ecbdata;
+			int blank_at_eof;
+
+			ecbdata.ws_rule = data.ws_rule;
+			check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
+			blank_at_eof = ecbdata.blank_at_eof_in_preimage;
+
+			if (blank_at_eof) {
+				static char *err;
+				if (!err)
+					err = whitespace_error_string(WS_BLANK_AT_EOF);
+				fprintf(o->file, "%s:%d: %s.\n",
+					data.filename, blank_at_eof, err);
+				data.status = 1; /* report errors */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+ free_and_return:
+	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(two);
+	if (data.status)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(o, CHECK_FAILED);
+}
+
+struct diff_filespec *alloc_filespec(const char *path)
+{
+	int namelen = strlen(path);
+	struct diff_filespec *spec = xmalloc(sizeof(*spec) + namelen + 1);
+
+	memset(spec, 0, sizeof(*spec));
+	spec->path = (char *)(spec + 1);
+	memcpy(spec->path, path, namelen+1);
+	spec->count = 1;
+	spec->is_binary = -1;
+	return spec;
+}
+
+void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec)
+{
+	if (!--spec->count) {
+		diff_free_filespec_data(spec);
+		free(spec);
+	}
+}
+
+void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		   unsigned short mode)
+{
+	if (mode) {
+		spec->mode = canon_mode(mode);
+		hashcpy(spec->sha1, sha1);
+		spec->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(sha1);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a name and sha1 pair, if the index tells us the file in
+ * the work tree has that object contents, return true, so that
+ * prepare_temp_file() does not have to inflate and extract.
+ */
+static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int want_file)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	struct stat st;
+	int pos, len;
+
+	/*
+	 * We do not read the cache ourselves here, because the
+	 * benchmark with my previous version that always reads cache
+	 * shows that it makes things worse for diff-tree comparing
+	 * two linux-2.6 kernel trees in an already checked out work
+	 * tree.  This is because most diff-tree comparisons deal with
+	 * only a small number of files, while reading the cache is
+	 * expensive for a large project, and its cost outweighs the
+	 * savings we get by not inflating the object to a temporary
+	 * file.  Practically, this code only helps when we are used
+	 * by diff-cache --cached, which does read the cache before
+	 * calling us.
+	 */
+	if (!active_cache)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We want to avoid the working directory if our caller
+	 * doesn't need the data in a normal file, this system
+	 * is rather slow with its stat/open/mmap/close syscalls,
+	 * and the object is contained in a pack file.  The pack
+	 * is probably already open and will be faster to obtain
+	 * the data through than the working directory.  Loose
+	 * objects however would tend to be slower as they need
+	 * to be individually opened and inflated.
+	 */
+	if (!FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY && !want_file && has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	len = strlen(name);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(name, len);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return 0;
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+	/*
+	 * This is not the sha1 we are looking for, or
+	 * unreusable because it is not a regular file.
+	 */
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1) || !S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If ce is marked as "assume unchanged", there is no
+	 * guarantee that work tree matches what we are looking for.
+	 */
+	if ((ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) || ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If ce matches the file in the work tree, we can reuse it.
+	 */
+	if (ce_uptodate(ce) ||
+	    (!lstat(name, &st) && !ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0)))
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t size = 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
+		return error("error while reading from stdin %s",
+				     strerror(errno));
+
+	s->should_munmap = 0;
+	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+	s->size = size;
+	s->should_free = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
+{
+	int len;
+	char *data = xmalloc(100), *dirty = "";
+
+	/* Are we looking at the work tree? */
+	if (!s->sha1_valid && s->dirty_submodule)
+		dirty = "-dirty";
+
+	len = snprintf(data, 100,
+		       "Subproject commit %s%s\n", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1), dirty);
+	s->data = data;
+	s->size = len;
+	s->should_free = 1;
+	if (size_only) {
+		s->data = NULL;
+		free(data);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * While doing rename detection and pickaxe operation, we may need to
+ * grab the data for the blob (or file) for our own in-core comparison.
+ * diff_filespec has data and size fields for this purpose.
+ */
+int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(s))
+		die("internal error: asking to populate invalid file.");
+	if (S_ISDIR(s->mode))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (s->data)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (size_only && 0 < s->size)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(s->mode))
+		return diff_populate_gitlink(s, size_only);
+
+	if (!s->sha1_valid ||
+	    reuse_worktree_file(s->path, s->sha1, 0)) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct stat st;
+		int fd;
+
+		if (!strcmp(s->path, "-"))
+			return populate_from_stdin(s);
+
+		if (lstat(s->path, &st) < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT) {
+			err_empty:
+				err = -1;
+			empty:
+				s->data = (char *)"";
+				s->size = 0;
+				return err;
+			}
+		}
+		s->size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+		if (!s->size)
+			goto empty;
+		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			if (strbuf_readlink(&sb, s->path, s->size))
+				goto err_empty;
+			s->size = sb.len;
+			s->data = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+			s->should_free = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (size_only)
+			return 0;
+		fd = open(s->path, O_RDONLY);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			goto err_empty;
+		s->data = xmmap(NULL, s->size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+		close(fd);
+		s->should_munmap = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Convert from working tree format to canonical git format
+		 */
+		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, safe_crlf)) {
+			size_t size = 0;
+			munmap(s->data, s->size);
+			s->should_munmap = 0;
+			s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+			s->size = size;
+			s->should_free = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		enum object_type type;
+		if (size_only)
+			type = sha1_object_info(s->sha1, &s->size);
+		else {
+			s->data = read_sha1_file(s->sha1, &type, &s->size);
+			s->should_free = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void diff_free_filespec_blob(struct diff_filespec *s)
+{
+	if (s->should_free)
+		free(s->data);
+	else if (s->should_munmap)
+		munmap(s->data, s->size);
+
+	if (s->should_free || s->should_munmap) {
+		s->should_free = s->should_munmap = 0;
+		s->data = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+void diff_free_filespec_data(struct diff_filespec *s)
+{
+	diff_free_filespec_blob(s);
+	free(s->cnt_data);
+	s->cnt_data = NULL;
+}
+
+static void prep_temp_blob(const char *path, struct diff_tempfile *temp,
+			   void *blob,
+			   unsigned long size,
+			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   int mode)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf template = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *path_dup = xstrdup(path);
+	const char *base = basename(path_dup);
+
+	/* Generate "XXXXXX_basename.ext" */
+	strbuf_addstr(&template, "XXXXXX_");
+	strbuf_addstr(&template, base);
+
+	fd = git_mkstemps(temp->tmp_path, PATH_MAX, template.buf,
+			strlen(base) + 1);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to create temp-file");
+	if (convert_to_working_tree(path,
+			(const char *)blob, (size_t)size, &buf)) {
+		blob = buf.buf;
+		size = buf.len;
+	}
+	if (write_in_full(fd, blob, size) != size)
+		die_errno("unable to write temp-file");
+	close(fd);
+	temp->name = temp->tmp_path;
+	strcpy(temp->hex, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	temp->hex[40] = 0;
+	sprintf(temp->mode, "%06o", mode);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&template);
+	free(path_dup);
+}
+
+static struct diff_tempfile *prepare_temp_file(const char *name,
+		struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	struct diff_tempfile *temp = claim_diff_tempfile();
+
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
+	not_a_valid_file:
+		/* A '-' entry produces this for file-2, and
+		 * a '+' entry produces this for file-1.
+		 */
+		temp->name = "/dev/null";
+		strcpy(temp->hex, ".");
+		strcpy(temp->mode, ".");
+		return temp;
+	}
+
+	if (!remove_tempfile_installed) {
+		atexit(remove_tempfile);
+		sigchain_push_common(remove_tempfile_on_signal);
+		remove_tempfile_installed = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!one->sha1_valid ||
+	    reuse_worktree_file(name, one->sha1, 1)) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (lstat(name, &st) < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				goto not_a_valid_file;
+			die_errno("stat(%s)", name);
+		}
+		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (strbuf_readlink(&sb, name, st.st_size) < 0)
+				die_errno("readlink(%s)", name);
+			prep_temp_blob(name, temp, sb.buf, sb.len,
+				       (one->sha1_valid ?
+					one->sha1 : null_sha1),
+				       (one->sha1_valid ?
+					one->mode : S_IFLNK));
+			strbuf_release(&sb);
+		}
+		else {
+			/* we can borrow from the file in the work tree */
+			temp->name = name;
+			if (!one->sha1_valid)
+				strcpy(temp->hex, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
+			else
+				strcpy(temp->hex, sha1_to_hex(one->sha1));
+			/* Even though we may sometimes borrow the
+			 * contents from the work tree, we always want
+			 * one->mode.  mode is trustworthy even when
+			 * !(one->sha1_valid), as long as
+			 * DIFF_FILE_VALID(one).
+			 */
+			sprintf(temp->mode, "%06o", one->mode);
+		}
+		return temp;
+	}
+	else {
+		if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
+			die("cannot read data blob for %s", one->path);
+		prep_temp_blob(name, temp, one->data, one->size,
+			       one->sha1, one->mode);
+	}
+	return temp;
+}
+
+/* An external diff command takes:
+ *
+ * diff-cmd name infile1 infile1-sha1 infile1-mode \
+ *               infile2 infile2-sha1 infile2-mode [ rename-to ]
+ *
+ */
+static void run_external_diff(const char *pgm,
+			      const char *name,
+			      const char *other,
+			      struct diff_filespec *one,
+			      struct diff_filespec *two,
+			      const char *xfrm_msg,
+			      int complete_rewrite)
+{
+	const char *spawn_arg[10];
+	int retval;
+	const char **arg = &spawn_arg[0];
+
+	if (one && two) {
+		struct diff_tempfile *temp_one, *temp_two;
+		const char *othername = (other ? other : name);
+		temp_one = prepare_temp_file(name, one);
+		temp_two = prepare_temp_file(othername, two);
+		*arg++ = pgm;
+		*arg++ = name;
+		*arg++ = temp_one->name;
+		*arg++ = temp_one->hex;
+		*arg++ = temp_one->mode;
+		*arg++ = temp_two->name;
+		*arg++ = temp_two->hex;
+		*arg++ = temp_two->mode;
+		if (other) {
+			*arg++ = other;
+			*arg++ = xfrm_msg;
+		}
+	} else {
+		*arg++ = pgm;
+		*arg++ = name;
+	}
+	*arg = NULL;
+	fflush(NULL);
+	retval = run_command_v_opt(spawn_arg, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+	remove_tempfile();
+	if (retval) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "external diff died, stopping at %s.\n", name);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+static int similarity_index(struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	return p->score * 100 / MAX_SCORE;
+}
+
+static void fill_metainfo(struct strbuf *msg,
+			  const char *name,
+			  const char *other,
+			  struct diff_filespec *one,
+			  struct diff_filespec *two,
+			  struct diff_options *o,
+			  struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
+	switch (p->status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		strbuf_addf(msg, "similarity index %d%%", similarity_index(p));
+		strbuf_addstr(msg, "\ncopy from ");
+		quote_c_style(name, msg, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(msg, "\ncopy to ");
+		quote_c_style(other, msg, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addch(msg, '\n');
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+		strbuf_addf(msg, "similarity index %d%%", similarity_index(p));
+		strbuf_addstr(msg, "\nrename from ");
+		quote_c_style(name, msg, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(msg, "\nrename to ");
+		quote_c_style(other, msg, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addch(msg, '\n');
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		if (p->score) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "dissimilarity index %d%%\n",
+				    similarity_index(p));
+			break;
+		}
+		/* fallthru */
+	default:
+		/* nothing */
+		;
+	}
+	if (one && two && hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1)) {
+		int abbrev = DIFF_OPT_TST(o, FULL_INDEX) ? 40 : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, BINARY)) {
+			mmfile_t mf;
+			if ((!fill_mmfile(&mf, one) && diff_filespec_is_binary(one)) ||
+			    (!fill_mmfile(&mf, two) && diff_filespec_is_binary(two)))
+				abbrev = 40;
+		}
+		strbuf_addf(msg, "index %.*s..%.*s",
+			    abbrev, sha1_to_hex(one->sha1),
+			    abbrev, sha1_to_hex(two->sha1));
+		if (one->mode == two->mode)
+			strbuf_addf(msg, " %06o", one->mode);
+		strbuf_addch(msg, '\n');
+	}
+	if (msg->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(msg, msg->len - 1);
+}
+
+static void run_diff_cmd(const char *pgm,
+			 const char *name,
+			 const char *other,
+			 const char *attr_path,
+			 struct diff_filespec *one,
+			 struct diff_filespec *two,
+			 struct strbuf *msg,
+			 struct diff_options *o,
+			 struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	const char *xfrm_msg = NULL;
+	int complete_rewrite = (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) && p->score;
+
+	if (msg) {
+		fill_metainfo(msg, name, other, one, two, o, p);
+		xfrm_msg = msg->len ? msg->buf : NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
+		pgm = NULL;
+	else {
+		struct userdiff_driver *drv = userdiff_find_by_path(attr_path);
+		if (drv && drv->external)
+			pgm = drv->external;
+	}
+
+	if (pgm) {
+		run_external_diff(pgm, name, other, one, two, xfrm_msg,
+				  complete_rewrite);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (one && two)
+		builtin_diff(name, other ? other : name,
+			     one, two, xfrm_msg, o, complete_rewrite);
+	else
+		fprintf(o->file, "* Unmerged path %s\n", name);
+}
+
+static void diff_fill_sha1_info(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
+		if (!one->sha1_valid) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (!strcmp(one->path, "-")) {
+				hashcpy(one->sha1, null_sha1);
+				return;
+			}
+			if (lstat(one->path, &st) < 0)
+				die_errno("stat '%s'", one->path);
+			if (index_path(one->sha1, one->path, &st, 0))
+				die("cannot hash %s", one->path);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		hashclr(one->sha1);
+}
+
+static void strip_prefix(int prefix_length, const char **namep, const char **otherp)
+{
+	/* Strip the prefix but do not molest /dev/null and absolute paths */
+	if (*namep && **namep != '/')
+		*namep += prefix_length;
+	if (*otherp && **otherp != '/')
+		*otherp += prefix_length;
+}
+
+static void run_diff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	const char *pgm = external_diff();
+	struct strbuf msg;
+	struct diff_filespec *one = p->one;
+	struct diff_filespec *two = p->two;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *other;
+	const char *attr_path;
+
+	name  = p->one->path;
+	other = (strcmp(name, p->two->path) ? p->two->path : NULL);
+	attr_path = name;
+	if (o->prefix_length)
+		strip_prefix(o->prefix_length, &name, &other);
+
+	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
+		run_diff_cmd(pgm, name, NULL, attr_path,
+			     NULL, NULL, NULL, o, p);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	diff_fill_sha1_info(one);
+	diff_fill_sha1_info(two);
+
+	if (!pgm &&
+	    DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) && DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) &&
+	    (S_IFMT & one->mode) != (S_IFMT & two->mode)) {
+		/*
+		 * a filepair that changes between file and symlink
+		 * needs to be split into deletion and creation.
+		 */
+		struct diff_filespec *null = alloc_filespec(two->path);
+		run_diff_cmd(NULL, name, other, attr_path,
+			     one, null, &msg, o, p);
+		free(null);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
+
+		null = alloc_filespec(one->path);
+		run_diff_cmd(NULL, name, other, attr_path,
+			     null, two, &msg, o, p);
+		free(null);
+	}
+	else
+		run_diff_cmd(pgm, name, other, attr_path,
+			     one, two, &msg, o, p);
+
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+}
+
+static void run_diffstat(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 struct diffstat_t *diffstat)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	const char *other;
+	int complete_rewrite = 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
+		/* unmerged */
+		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, 0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	name = p->one->path;
+	other = (strcmp(name, p->two->path) ? p->two->path : NULL);
+
+	if (o->prefix_length)
+		strip_prefix(o->prefix_length, &name, &other);
+
+	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->one);
+	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->two);
+
+	if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
+		complete_rewrite = 1;
+	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, complete_rewrite);
+}
+
+static void run_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	const char *other;
+	const char *attr_path;
+
+	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
+		/* unmerged */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	name = p->one->path;
+	other = (strcmp(name, p->two->path) ? p->two->path : NULL);
+	attr_path = other ? other : name;
+
+	if (o->prefix_length)
+		strip_prefix(o->prefix_length, &name, &other);
+
+	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->one);
+	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->two);
+
+	builtin_checkdiff(name, other, attr_path, p->one, p->two, o);
+}
+
+void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	memset(options, 0, sizeof(*options));
+
+	options->file = stdout;
+
+	options->line_termination = '\n';
+	options->break_opt = -1;
+	options->rename_limit = -1;
+	options->dirstat_percent = 3;
+	options->context = 3;
+
+	options->change = diff_change;
+	options->add_remove = diff_addremove;
+	if (diff_use_color_default > 0)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, COLOR_DIFF);
+	options->detect_rename = diff_detect_rename_default;
+
+	if (!diff_mnemonic_prefix) {
+		options->a_prefix = "a/";
+		options->b_prefix = "b/";
+	}
+}
+
+int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+
+	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
+		count++;
+	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
+		count++;
+	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)
+		count++;
+	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT)
+		count++;
+	if (count > 1)
+		die("--name-only, --name-status, --check and -s are mutually exclusive");
+
+	/*
+	 * Most of the time we can say "there are changes"
+	 * only by checking if there are changed paths, but
+	 * --ignore-whitespace* options force us to look
+	 * inside contents.
+	 */
+
+	if (DIFF_XDL_TST(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE) ||
+	    DIFF_XDL_TST(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) ||
+	    DIFF_XDL_TST(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS);
+	else
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS);
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
+		options->detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_COPY;
+
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, RELATIVE_NAME))
+		options->prefix = NULL;
+	if (options->prefix)
+		options->prefix_length = strlen(options->prefix);
+	else
+		options->prefix_length = 0;
+
+	if (options->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT))
+		options->output_format &= ~(DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
+					    DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT |
+					    DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT |
+					    DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT |
+					    DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT |
+					    DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY |
+					    DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH);
+
+	/*
+	 * These cases always need recursive; we do not drop caller-supplied
+	 * recursive bits for other formats here.
+	 */
+	if (options->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY |
+				      DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RECURSIVE);
+	/*
+	 * Also pickaxe would not work very well if you do not say recursive
+	 */
+	if (options->pickaxe)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RECURSIVE);
+
+	if (options->detect_rename && options->rename_limit < 0)
+		options->rename_limit = diff_rename_limit_default;
+	if (options->setup & DIFF_SETUP_USE_CACHE) {
+		if (!active_cache)
+			/* read-cache does not die even when it fails
+			 * so it is safe for us to do this here.  Also
+			 * it does not smudge active_cache or active_nr
+			 * when it fails, so we do not have to worry about
+			 * cleaning it up ourselves either.
+			 */
+			read_cache();
+	}
+	if (options->abbrev <= 0 || 40 < options->abbrev)
+		options->abbrev = 40; /* full */
+
+	/*
+	 * It does not make sense to show the first hit we happened
+	 * to have found.  It does not make sense not to return with
+	 * exit code in such a case either.
+	 */
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, QUICK)) {
+		options->output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *val)
+{
+	char c, *eq;
+	int len;
+
+	if (*arg != '-')
+		return 0;
+	c = *++arg;
+	if (!c)
+		return 0;
+	if (c == arg_short) {
+		c = *++arg;
+		if (!c)
+			return 1;
+		if (val && isdigit(c)) {
+			char *end;
+			int n = strtoul(arg, &end, 10);
+			if (*end)
+				return 0;
+			*val = n;
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (c != '-')
+		return 0;
+	arg++;
+	eq = strchr(arg, '=');
+	if (eq)
+		len = eq - arg;
+	else
+		len = strlen(arg);
+	if (!len || strncmp(arg, arg_long, len))
+		return 0;
+	if (eq) {
+		int n;
+		char *end;
+		if (!isdigit(*++eq))
+			return 0;
+		n = strtoul(eq, &end, 10);
+		if (*end)
+			return 0;
+		*val = n;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int diff_scoreopt_parse(const char *opt);
+
+int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
+{
+	const char *arg = av[0];
+
+	/* Output format options */
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	else if (opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--raw"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--shortstat"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT;
+	else if (opt_arg(arg, 'X', "dirstat", &options->dirstat_percent))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cumulative")) {
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
+	} else if (opt_arg(arg, 0, "dirstat-by-file",
+			   &options->dirstat_percent)) {
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--summary"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-status"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s"))
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat")) {
+		char *end;
+		int width = options->stat_width;
+		int name_width = options->stat_name_width;
+		arg += 6;
+		end = (char *)arg;
+
+		switch (*arg) {
+		case '-':
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-width="))
+				width = strtoul(arg + 7, &end, 10);
+			else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-name-width="))
+				name_width = strtoul(arg + 12, &end, 10);
+			break;
+		case '=':
+			width = strtoul(arg+1, &end, 10);
+			if (*end == ',')
+				name_width = strtoul(end+1, &end, 10);
+		}
+
+		/* Important! This checks all the error cases! */
+		if (*end)
+			return 0;
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+		options->stat_name_width = name_width;
+		options->stat_width = width;
+	}
+
+	/* renames options */
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-B")) {
+		if ((options->break_opt = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-M")) {
+		if ((options->rename_score = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
+			return -1;
+		options->detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-C")) {
+		if (options->detect_rename == DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
+			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
+		if ((options->rename_score = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
+			return -1;
+		options->detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_COPY;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-renames"))
+		options->detect_rename = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RELATIVE_NAME);
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--relative=")) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RELATIVE_NAME);
+		options->prefix = arg + 11;
+	}
+
+	/* xdiff options */
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-w") || !strcmp(arg, "--ignore-all-space"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-b") || !strcmp(arg, "--ignore-space-change"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-space-at-eol"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patience"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
+
+	/* flags options */
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, BINARY);
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-index"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FULL_INDEX);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-a") || !strcmp(arg, "--text"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, TEXT);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-R"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, REVERSE_DIFF);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--find-copies-harder"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--follow"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, COLOR_DIFF);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-color"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, COLOR_DIFF);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color-words")) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, COLOR_DIFF);
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS);
+	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color-words=")) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, COLOR_DIFF);
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, COLOR_DIFF_WORDS);
+		options->word_regex = arg + 14;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--exit-code"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--quiet"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, QUICK);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ext-diff"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-ext-diff"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--textconv"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-textconv"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule=")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg + 12, "log"))
+			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	}
+
+	/* misc options */
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-z"))
+		options->line_termination = 0;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-l"))
+		options->rename_limit = strtoul(arg+2, NULL, 10);
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-S"))
+		options->pickaxe = arg + 2;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-all"))
+		options->pickaxe_opts = DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-regex"))
+		options->pickaxe_opts = DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-O"))
+		options->orderfile = arg + 2;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--diff-filter="))
+		options->filter = arg + 14;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev"))
+		options->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
+		options->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
+		if (options->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
+			options->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
+		else if (40 < options->abbrev)
+			options->abbrev = 40;
+	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--src-prefix="))
+		options->a_prefix = arg + 13;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--dst-prefix="))
+		options->b_prefix = arg + 13;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-prefix"))
+		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
+	else if (opt_arg(arg, '\0', "inter-hunk-context",
+			 &options->interhunkcontext))
+		;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--output=")) {
+		options->file = fopen(arg + strlen("--output="), "w");
+		options->close_file = 1;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_num(const char **cp_p)
+{
+	unsigned long num, scale;
+	int ch, dot;
+	const char *cp = *cp_p;
+
+	num = 0;
+	scale = 1;
+	dot = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		ch = *cp;
+		if ( !dot && ch == '.' ) {
+			scale = 1;
+			dot = 1;
+		} else if ( ch == '%' ) {
+			scale = dot ? scale*100 : 100;
+			cp++;	/* % is always at the end */
+			break;
+		} else if ( ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' ) {
+			if ( scale < 100000 ) {
+				scale *= 10;
+				num = (num*10) + (ch-'0');
+			}
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+		cp++;
+	}
+	*cp_p = cp;
+
+	/* user says num divided by scale and we say internally that
+	 * is MAX_SCORE * num / scale.
+	 */
+	return (int)((num >= scale) ? MAX_SCORE : (MAX_SCORE * num / scale));
+}
+
+static int diff_scoreopt_parse(const char *opt)
+{
+	int opt1, opt2, cmd;
+
+	if (*opt++ != '-')
+		return -1;
+	cmd = *opt++;
+	if (cmd != 'M' && cmd != 'C' && cmd != 'B')
+		return -1; /* that is not a -M, -C nor -B option */
+
+	opt1 = parse_num(&opt);
+	if (cmd != 'B')
+		opt2 = 0;
+	else {
+		if (*opt == 0)
+			opt2 = 0;
+		else if (*opt != '/')
+			return -1; /* we expect -B80/99 or -B80 */
+		else {
+			opt++;
+			opt2 = parse_num(&opt);
+		}
+	}
+	if (*opt != 0)
+		return -1;
+	return opt1 | (opt2 << 16);
+}
+
+struct diff_queue_struct diff_queued_diff;
+
+void diff_q(struct diff_queue_struct *queue, struct diff_filepair *dp)
+{
+	if (queue->alloc <= queue->nr) {
+		queue->alloc = alloc_nr(queue->alloc);
+		queue->queue = xrealloc(queue->queue,
+					sizeof(dp) * queue->alloc);
+	}
+	queue->queue[queue->nr++] = dp;
+}
+
+struct diff_filepair *diff_queue(struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+				 struct diff_filespec *one,
+				 struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *dp = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*dp));
+	dp->one = one;
+	dp->two = two;
+	if (queue)
+		diff_q(queue, dp);
+	return dp;
+}
+
+void diff_free_filepair(struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	free_filespec(p->one);
+	free_filespec(p->two);
+	free(p);
+}
+
+/* This is different from find_unique_abbrev() in that
+ * it stuffs the result with dots for alignment.
+ */
+const char *diff_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
+{
+	int abblen;
+	const char *abbrev;
+	if (len == 40)
+		return sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+
+	abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, len);
+	abblen = strlen(abbrev);
+	if (abblen < 37) {
+		static char hex[41];
+		if (len < abblen && abblen <= len + 2)
+			sprintf(hex, "%s%.*s", abbrev, len+3-abblen, "..");
+		else
+			sprintf(hex, "%s...", abbrev);
+		return hex;
+	}
+	return sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+}
+
+static void diff_flush_raw(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int line_termination = opt->line_termination;
+	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';
+
+	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
+		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
+			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+		fprintf(opt->file, "%s ", diff_unique_abbrev(p->two->sha1, opt->abbrev));
+	}
+	if (p->score) {
+		fprintf(opt->file, "%c%03d%c", p->status, similarity_index(p),
+			inter_name_termination);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(opt->file, "%c%c", p->status, inter_name_termination);
+	}
+
+	if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_COPIED ||
+	    p->status == DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED) {
+		const char *name_a, *name_b;
+		name_a = p->one->path;
+		name_b = p->two->path;
+		strip_prefix(opt->prefix_length, &name_a, &name_b);
+		write_name_quoted(name_a, opt->file, inter_name_termination);
+		write_name_quoted(name_b, opt->file, line_termination);
+	} else {
+		const char *name_a, *name_b;
+		name_a = p->one->mode ? p->one->path : p->two->path;
+		name_b = NULL;
+		strip_prefix(opt->prefix_length, &name_a, &name_b);
+		write_name_quoted(name_a, opt->file, line_termination);
+	}
+}
+
+int diff_unmodified_pair(struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	/* This function is written stricter than necessary to support
+	 * the currently implemented transformers, but the idea is to
+	 * let transformers to produce diff_filepairs any way they want,
+	 * and filter and clean them up here before producing the output.
+	 */
+	struct diff_filespec *one = p->one, *two = p->two;
+
+	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p))
+		return 0; /* unmerged is interesting */
+
+	/* deletion, addition, mode or type change
+	 * and rename are all interesting.
+	 */
+	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) != DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ||
+	    DIFF_PAIR_MODE_CHANGED(p) ||
+	    strcmp(one->path, two->path))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* both are valid and point at the same path.  that is, we are
+	 * dealing with a change.
+	 */
+	if (one->sha1_valid && two->sha1_valid &&
+	    !hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1))
+		return 1; /* no change */
+	if (!one->sha1_valid && !two->sha1_valid)
+		return 1; /* both look at the same file on the filesystem. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void diff_flush_patch(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return;
+
+	if ((DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && S_ISDIR(p->one->mode)) ||
+	    (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) && S_ISDIR(p->two->mode)))
+		return; /* no tree diffs in patch format */
+
+	run_diff(p, o);
+}
+
+static void diff_flush_stat(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			    struct diffstat_t *diffstat)
+{
+	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return;
+
+	if ((DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && S_ISDIR(p->one->mode)) ||
+	    (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) && S_ISDIR(p->two->mode)))
+		return; /* no tree diffs in patch format */
+
+	run_diffstat(p, o, diffstat);
+}
+
+static void diff_flush_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p,
+		struct diff_options *o)
+{
+	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return;
+
+	if ((DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && S_ISDIR(p->one->mode)) ||
+	    (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) && S_ISDIR(p->two->mode)))
+		return; /* no tree diffs in patch format */
+
+	run_checkdiff(p, o);
+}
+
+int diff_queue_is_empty(void)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+		if (!diff_unmodified_pair(q->queue[i]))
+			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#if DIFF_DEBUG
+void diff_debug_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int x, const char *one)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "queue[%d] %s (%s) %s %06o %s\n",
+		x, one ? one : "",
+		s->path,
+		DIFF_FILE_VALID(s) ? "valid" : "invalid",
+		s->mode,
+		s->sha1_valid ? sha1_to_hex(s->sha1) : "");
+	fprintf(stderr, "queue[%d] %s size %lu flags %d\n",
+		x, one ? one : "",
+		s->size, s->xfrm_flags);
+}
+
+void diff_debug_filepair(const struct diff_filepair *p, int i)
+{
+	diff_debug_filespec(p->one, i, "one");
+	diff_debug_filespec(p->two, i, "two");
+	fprintf(stderr, "score %d, status %c rename_used %d broken %d\n",
+		p->score, p->status ? p->status : '?',
+		p->one->rename_used, p->broken_pair);
+}
+
+void diff_debug_queue(const char *msg, struct diff_queue_struct *q)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (msg)
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+	fprintf(stderr, "q->nr = %d\n", q->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		diff_debug_filepair(p, i);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static void diff_resolve_rename_copy(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_filepair *p;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+
+	diff_debug_queue("resolve-rename-copy", q);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		p = q->queue[i];
+		p->status = 0; /* undecided */
+		if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p))
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED;
+		else if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one))
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
+		else if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_DELETED;
+		else if (DIFF_PAIR_TYPE_CHANGED(p))
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED;
+
+		/* from this point on, we are dealing with a pair
+		 * whose both sides are valid and of the same type, i.e.
+		 * either in-place edit or rename/copy edit.
+		 */
+		else if (DIFF_PAIR_RENAME(p)) {
+			/*
+			 * A rename might have re-connected a broken
+			 * pair up, causing the pathnames to be the
+			 * same again. If so, that's not a rename at
+			 * all, just a modification..
+			 *
+			 * Otherwise, see if this source was used for
+			 * multiple renames, in which case we decrement
+			 * the count, and call it a copy.
+			 */
+			if (!strcmp(p->one->path, p->two->path))
+				p->status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
+			else if (--p->one->rename_used > 0)
+				p->status = DIFF_STATUS_COPIED;
+			else
+				p->status = DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED;
+		}
+		else if (hashcmp(p->one->sha1, p->two->sha1) ||
+			 p->one->mode != p->two->mode ||
+			 is_null_sha1(p->one->sha1))
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED;
+		else {
+			/* This is a "no-change" entry and should not
+			 * happen anymore, but prepare for broken callers.
+			 */
+			error("feeding unmodified %s to diffcore",
+			      p->one->path);
+			p->status = DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN;
+		}
+	}
+	diff_debug_queue("resolve-rename-copy done", q);
+}
+
+static int check_pair_status(struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	switch (p->status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
+		return 0;
+	case 0:
+		die("internal error in diff-resolve-rename-copy");
+	default:
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void flush_one_pair(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int fmt = opt->output_format;
+
+	if (fmt & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)
+		diff_flush_checkdiff(p, opt);
+	else if (fmt & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW | DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS))
+		diff_flush_raw(p, opt);
+	else if (fmt & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME) {
+		const char *name_a, *name_b;
+		name_a = p->two->path;
+		name_b = NULL;
+		strip_prefix(opt->prefix_length, &name_a, &name_b);
+		write_name_quoted(name_a, opt->file, opt->line_termination);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_file_mode_name(FILE *file, const char *newdelete, struct diff_filespec *fs)
+{
+	if (fs->mode)
+		fprintf(file, " %s mode %06o ", newdelete, fs->mode);
+	else
+		fprintf(file, " %s ", newdelete);
+	write_name_quoted(fs->path, file, '\n');
+}
+
+
+static void show_mode_change(FILE *file, struct diff_filepair *p, int show_name)
+{
+	if (p->one->mode && p->two->mode && p->one->mode != p->two->mode) {
+		fprintf(file, " mode change %06o => %06o%c", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
+			show_name ? ' ' : '\n');
+		if (show_name) {
+			write_name_quoted(p->two->path, file, '\n');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_rename_copy(FILE *file, const char *renamecopy, struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	char *names = pprint_rename(p->one->path, p->two->path);
+
+	fprintf(file, " %s %s (%d%%)\n", renamecopy, names, similarity_index(p));
+	free(names);
+	show_mode_change(file, p, 0);
+}
+
+static void diff_summary(FILE *file, struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	switch(p->status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+		show_file_mode_name(file, "delete", p->one);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+		show_file_mode_name(file, "create", p->two);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		show_rename_copy(file, "copy", p);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+		show_rename_copy(file, "rename", p);
+		break;
+	default:
+		if (p->score) {
+			fputs(" rewrite ", file);
+			write_name_quoted(p->two->path, file, ' ');
+			fprintf(file, "(%d%%)\n", similarity_index(p));
+		}
+		show_mode_change(file, p, !p->score);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+struct patch_id_t {
+	git_SHA_CTX *ctx;
+	int patchlen;
+};
+
+static int remove_space(char *line, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *dst = line;
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		if (!isspace((c = line[i])))
+			*dst++ = c;
+
+	return dst - line;
+}
+
+static void patch_id_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
+{
+	struct patch_id_t *data = priv;
+	int new_len;
+
+	/* Ignore line numbers when computing the SHA1 of the patch */
+	if (!prefixcmp(line, "@@ -"))
+		return;
+
+	new_len = remove_space(line, len);
+
+	git_SHA1_Update(data->ctx, line, new_len);
+	data->patchlen += new_len;
+}
+
+/* returns 0 upon success, and writes result into sha1 */
+static int diff_get_patch_id(struct diff_options *options, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	int i;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	struct patch_id_t data;
+	char buffer[PATH_MAX * 4 + 20];
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct patch_id_t));
+	data.ctx = &ctx;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		xpparam_t xpp;
+		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+		xdemitcb_t ecb;
+		mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		int len1, len2;
+
+		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+		if (p->status == 0)
+			return error("internal diff status error");
+		if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN)
+			continue;
+		if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+			continue;
+		if ((DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && S_ISDIR(p->one->mode)) ||
+		    (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) && S_ISDIR(p->two->mode)))
+			continue;
+		if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p))
+			continue;
+
+		diff_fill_sha1_info(p->one);
+		diff_fill_sha1_info(p->two);
+		if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, p->one) < 0 ||
+				fill_mmfile(&mf2, p->two) < 0)
+			return error("unable to read files to diff");
+
+		len1 = remove_space(p->one->path, strlen(p->one->path));
+		len2 = remove_space(p->two->path, strlen(p->two->path));
+		if (p->one->mode == 0)
+			len1 = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+					"diff--gita/%.*sb/%.*s"
+					"newfilemode%06o"
+					"---/dev/null"
+					"+++b/%.*s",
+					len1, p->one->path,
+					len2, p->two->path,
+					p->two->mode,
+					len2, p->two->path);
+		else if (p->two->mode == 0)
+			len1 = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+					"diff--gita/%.*sb/%.*s"
+					"deletedfilemode%06o"
+					"---a/%.*s"
+					"+++/dev/null",
+					len1, p->one->path,
+					len2, p->two->path,
+					p->one->mode,
+					len1, p->one->path);
+		else
+			len1 = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+					"diff--gita/%.*sb/%.*s"
+					"---a/%.*s"
+					"+++b/%.*s",
+					len1, p->one->path,
+					len2, p->two->path,
+					len1, p->one->path,
+					len2, p->two->path);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, len1);
+
+		xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+		xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
+		xecfg.flags = XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES;
+		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, patch_id_consume, &data,
+			      &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+	}
+
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int diff_flush_patch_id(struct diff_options *options, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	int i;
+	int result = diff_get_patch_id(options, sha1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+		diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+
+	free(q->queue);
+	q->queue = NULL;
+	q->nr = q->alloc = 0;
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int is_summary_empty(const struct diff_queue_struct *q)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		const struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+
+		switch (p->status) {
+		case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+			return 0;
+		default:
+			if (p->score)
+				return 0;
+			if (p->one->mode && p->two->mode &&
+			    p->one->mode != p->two->mode)
+				return 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	int i, output_format = options->output_format;
+	int separator = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Order: raw, stat, summary, patch
+	 * or:    name/name-status/checkdiff (other bits clear)
+	 */
+	if (!q->nr)
+		goto free_queue;
+
+	if (output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
+			     DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
+			     DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS |
+			     DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (check_pair_status(p))
+				flush_one_pair(p, options);
+		}
+		separator++;
+	}
+
+	if (output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT)) {
+		struct diffstat_t diffstat;
+
+		memset(&diffstat, 0, sizeof(struct diffstat_t));
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (check_pair_status(p))
+				diff_flush_stat(p, options, &diffstat);
+		}
+		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT)
+			show_numstat(&diffstat, options);
+		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT)
+			show_stats(&diffstat, options);
+		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT)
+			show_shortstats(&diffstat, options);
+		free_diffstat_info(&diffstat);
+		separator++;
+	}
+	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT)
+		show_dirstat(options);
+
+	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY && !is_summary_empty(q)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+			diff_summary(options->file, q->queue[i]);
+		separator++;
+	}
+
+	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
+		if (separator) {
+			putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			if (options->stat_sep) {
+				/* attach patch instead of inline */
+				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (check_pair_status(p))
+				diff_flush_patch(p, options);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK)
+		options->format_callback(q, options, options->format_callback_data);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+		diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+free_queue:
+	free(q->queue);
+	q->queue = NULL;
+	q->nr = q->alloc = 0;
+	if (options->close_file)
+		fclose(options->file);
+
+	/*
+	 * Report the content-level differences with HAS_CHANGES;
+	 * diff_addremove/diff_change does not set the bit when
+	 * DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS is in effect (e.g. with -w).
+	 */
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS)) {
+		if (options->found_changes)
+			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+		else
+			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+	}
+}
+
+static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+
+	if (!filter)
+		return;
+
+	if (strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON)) {
+		int found;
+		for (i = found = 0; !found && i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+			     ((p->score &&
+			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
+			      (!p->score &&
+			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
+			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+				found++;
+		}
+		if (found)
+			return;
+
+		/* otherwise we will clear the whole queue
+		 * by copying the empty outq at the end of this
+		 * function, but first clear the current entries
+		 * in the queue.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+	}
+	else {
+		/* Only the matching ones */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+
+			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+			     ((p->score &&
+			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
+			      (!p->score &&
+			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
+			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+		}
+	}
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+}
+
+/* Check whether two filespecs with the same mode and size are identical */
+static int diff_filespec_is_identical(struct diff_filespec *one,
+				      struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(one->mode))
+		return 0;
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(two, 0))
+		return 0;
+	return !memcmp(one->data, two->data, one->size);
+}
+
+static void diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(struct diff_options *diffopt)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * 1. Entries that come from stat info dirtyness
+		 *    always have both sides (iow, not create/delete),
+		 *    one side of the object name is unknown, with
+		 *    the same mode and size.  Keep the ones that
+		 *    do not match these criteria.  They have real
+		 *    differences.
+		 *
+		 * 2. At this point, the file is known to be modified,
+		 *    with the same mode and size, and the object
+		 *    name of one side is unknown.  Need to inspect
+		 *    the identical contents.
+		 */
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) || /* (1) */
+		    !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ||
+		    (p->one->sha1_valid && p->two->sha1_valid) ||
+		    (p->one->mode != p->two->mode) ||
+		    diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 1) ||
+		    diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 1) ||
+		    (p->one->size != p->two->size) ||
+		    !diff_filespec_is_identical(p->one, p->two)) /* (2) */
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * The caller can subtract 1 from skip_stat_unmatch
+			 * to determine how many paths were dirty only
+			 * due to stat info mismatch.
+			 */
+			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, NO_INDEX))
+				diffopt->skip_stat_unmatch++;
+			diff_free_filepair(p);
+		}
+	}
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+}
+
+static int diffnamecmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct diff_filepair *a = *((const struct diff_filepair **)a_);
+	const struct diff_filepair *b = *((const struct diff_filepair **)b_);
+	const char *name_a, *name_b;
+
+	name_a = a->one ? a->one->path : a->two->path;
+	name_b = b->one ? b->one->path : b->two->path;
+	return strcmp(name_a, name_b);
+}
+
+void diffcore_fix_diff_index(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	qsort(q->queue, q->nr, sizeof(q->queue[0]), diffnamecmp);
+}
+
+void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	if (options->skip_stat_unmatch)
+		diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(options);
+	if (options->break_opt != -1)
+		diffcore_break(options->break_opt);
+	if (options->detect_rename)
+		diffcore_rename(options);
+	if (options->break_opt != -1)
+		diffcore_merge_broken();
+	if (options->pickaxe)
+		diffcore_pickaxe(options->pickaxe, options->pickaxe_opts);
+	if (options->orderfile)
+		diffcore_order(options->orderfile);
+	diff_resolve_rename_copy();
+	diffcore_apply_filter(options->filter);
+
+	if (diff_queued_diff.nr && !DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+	else
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+}
+
+int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *opt, int status)
+{
+	int result = 0;
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    !(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF))
+		return status;
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, HAS_CHANGES))
+		result |= 01;
+	if ((opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF) &&
+	    DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, CHECK_FAILED))
+		result |= 02;
+	return result;
+}
+
+void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
+		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
+		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    const char *concatpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, IGNORE_SUBMODULES) && S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		return;
+
+	/* This may look odd, but it is a preparation for
+	 * feeding "there are unchanged files which should
+	 * not produce diffs, but when you are doing copy
+	 * detection you would need them, so here they are"
+	 * entries to the diff-core.  They will be prefixed
+	 * with something like '=' or '*' (I haven't decided
+	 * which but should not make any difference).
+	 * Feeding the same new and old to diff_change()
+	 * also has the same effect.
+	 * Before the final output happens, they are pruned after
+	 * merged into rename/copy pairs as appropriate.
+	 */
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, REVERSE_DIFF))
+		addremove = (addremove == '+' ? '-' :
+			     addremove == '-' ? '+' : addremove);
+
+	if (options->prefix &&
+	    strncmp(concatpath, options->prefix, options->prefix_length))
+		return;
+
+	one = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
+	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
+
+	if (addremove != '+')
+		fill_filespec(one, sha1, mode);
+	if (addremove != '-') {
+		fill_filespec(two, sha1, mode);
+		two->dirty_submodule = dirty_submodule;
+	}
+
+	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+}
+
+void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
+		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
+		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 const char *concatpath,
+		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, IGNORE_SUBMODULES) && S_ISGITLINK(old_mode)
+			&& S_ISGITLINK(new_mode))
+		return;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
+		unsigned tmp;
+		const unsigned char *tmp_c;
+		tmp = old_mode; old_mode = new_mode; new_mode = tmp;
+		tmp_c = old_sha1; old_sha1 = new_sha1; new_sha1 = tmp_c;
+		tmp = old_dirty_submodule; old_dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
+			new_dirty_submodule = tmp;
+	}
+
+	if (options->prefix &&
+	    strncmp(concatpath, options->prefix, options->prefix_length))
+		return;
+
+	one = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
+	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	one->dirty_submodule = old_dirty_submodule;
+	two->dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
+
+	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+}
+
+void diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *options,
+		  const char *path,
+		  unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+
+	if (options->prefix &&
+	    strncmp(path, options->prefix, options->prefix_length))
+		return;
+
+	one = alloc_filespec(path);
+	two = alloc_filespec(path);
+	fill_filespec(one, sha1, mode);
+	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two)->is_unmerged = 1;
+}
+
+static char *run_textconv(const char *pgm, struct diff_filespec *spec,
+		size_t *outsize)
+{
+	struct diff_tempfile *temp;
+	const char *argv[3];
+	const char **arg = argv;
+	struct child_process child;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	temp = prepare_temp_file(spec->path, spec);
+	*arg++ = pgm;
+	*arg++ = temp->name;
+	*arg = NULL;
+
+	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
+	child.use_shell = 1;
+	child.argv = argv;
+	child.out = -1;
+	if (start_command(&child) != 0 ||
+	    strbuf_read(&buf, child.out, 0) < 0 ||
+	    finish_command(&child) != 0) {
+		close(child.out);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		remove_tempfile();
+		error("error running textconv command '%s'", pgm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	close(child.out);
+	remove_tempfile();
+
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, outsize);
+}
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ef3341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#ifndef DIFF_H
+#define DIFF_H
+
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+
+struct rev_info;
+struct diff_options;
+struct diff_queue_struct;
+
+typedef void (*change_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
+		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
+		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 const char *fullpath,
+		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule);
+
+typedef void (*add_remove_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
+		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
+		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
+
+typedef void (*diff_format_fn_t)(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+		struct diff_options *options, void *data);
+
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_RAW		0x0001
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT	0x0002
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT	0x0004
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY	0x0008
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH	0x0010
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT	0x0020
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT	0x0040
+
+/* These override all above */
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_NAME	0x0100
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS	0x0200
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF	0x0400
+
+/* Same as output_format = 0 but we know that -s flag was given
+ * and we should not give default value to output_format.
+ */
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT	0x0800
+
+#define DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK	0x1000
+
+#define DIFF_OPT_RECURSIVE           (1 <<  0)
+#define DIFF_OPT_TREE_IN_RECURSIVE   (1 <<  1)
+#define DIFF_OPT_BINARY              (1 <<  2)
+#define DIFF_OPT_TEXT                (1 <<  3)
+#define DIFF_OPT_FULL_INDEX          (1 <<  4)
+#define DIFF_OPT_SILENT_ON_REMOVE    (1 <<  5)
+#define DIFF_OPT_FIND_COPIES_HARDER  (1 <<  6)
+#define DIFF_OPT_FOLLOW_RENAMES      (1 <<  7)
+#define DIFF_OPT_COLOR_DIFF          (1 <<  8)
+#define DIFF_OPT_COLOR_DIFF_WORDS    (1 <<  9)
+#define DIFF_OPT_HAS_CHANGES         (1 << 10)
+#define DIFF_OPT_QUICK               (1 << 11)
+#define DIFF_OPT_NO_INDEX            (1 << 12)
+#define DIFF_OPT_ALLOW_EXTERNAL      (1 << 13)
+#define DIFF_OPT_EXIT_WITH_STATUS    (1 << 14)
+#define DIFF_OPT_REVERSE_DIFF        (1 << 15)
+#define DIFF_OPT_CHECK_FAILED        (1 << 16)
+#define DIFF_OPT_RELATIVE_NAME       (1 << 17)
+#define DIFF_OPT_IGNORE_SUBMODULES   (1 << 18)
+#define DIFF_OPT_DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE  (1 << 19)
+#define DIFF_OPT_DIRSTAT_BY_FILE     (1 << 20)
+#define DIFF_OPT_ALLOW_TEXTCONV      (1 << 21)
+#define DIFF_OPT_DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS  (1 << 22)
+#define DIFF_OPT_SUBMODULE_LOG       (1 << 23)
+
+#define DIFF_OPT_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_XDL_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts & XDF_##flag)
+#define DIFF_XDL_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts |= XDF_##flag)
+#define DIFF_XDL_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_##flag)
+
+struct diff_options {
+	const char *filter;
+	const char *orderfile;
+	const char *pickaxe;
+	const char *single_follow;
+	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
+	unsigned flags;
+	int context;
+	int interhunkcontext;
+	int break_opt;
+	int detect_rename;
+	int skip_stat_unmatch;
+	int line_termination;
+	int output_format;
+	int pickaxe_opts;
+	int rename_score;
+	int rename_limit;
+	int warn_on_too_large_rename;
+	int dirstat_percent;
+	int setup;
+	int abbrev;
+	const char *prefix;
+	int prefix_length;
+	const char *stat_sep;
+	long xdl_opts;
+
+	int stat_width;
+	int stat_name_width;
+	const char *word_regex;
+
+	/* this is set by diffcore for DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH */
+	int found_changes;
+
+	FILE *file;
+	int close_file;
+
+	int nr_paths;
+	const char **paths;
+	int *pathlens;
+	change_fn_t change;
+	add_remove_fn_t add_remove;
+	diff_format_fn_t format_callback;
+	void *format_callback_data;
+};
+
+enum color_diff {
+	DIFF_RESET = 0,
+	DIFF_PLAIN = 1,
+	DIFF_METAINFO = 2,
+	DIFF_FRAGINFO = 3,
+	DIFF_FILE_OLD = 4,
+	DIFF_FILE_NEW = 5,
+	DIFF_COMMIT = 6,
+	DIFF_WHITESPACE = 7,
+	DIFF_FUNCINFO = 8,
+};
+const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix);
+#define diff_get_color_opt(o, ix) \
+	diff_get_color(DIFF_OPT_TST((o), COLOR_DIFF), ix)
+
+
+extern const char mime_boundary_leader[];
+
+extern void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **paths, struct diff_options *);
+extern void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *);
+extern int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
+		     const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+extern int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
+			  const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+extern int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base,
+                               struct diff_options *opt);
+
+struct combine_diff_path {
+	struct combine_diff_path *next;
+	int len;
+	char *path;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct combine_diff_parent {
+		char status;
+		unsigned int mode;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+	} parent[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+#define combine_diff_path_size(n, l) \
+	(sizeof(struct combine_diff_path) + \
+	 sizeof(struct combine_diff_parent) * (n) + (l) + 1)
+
+extern void show_combined_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
+			      int dense, struct rev_info *);
+
+extern void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char parent[][20], int num_parent, int dense, struct rev_info *rev);
+
+extern void diff_tree_combined_merge(const unsigned char *sha1, int, struct rev_info *);
+
+void diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(struct diff_options *options, const char *a, const char *b);
+
+extern void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *,
+			   int addremove,
+			   unsigned mode,
+			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
+
+extern void diff_change(struct diff_options *,
+			unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2,
+			const unsigned char *sha1,
+			const unsigned char *sha2,
+			const char *fullpath,
+			unsigned dirty_submodule1, unsigned dirty_submodule2);
+
+extern void diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *,
+			 const char *path,
+			 unsigned mode,
+			 const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+#define DIFF_SETUP_REVERSE      	1
+#define DIFF_SETUP_USE_CACHE		2
+#define DIFF_SETUP_USE_SIZE_CACHE	4
+
+extern int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+extern int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+extern int diff_use_color_default;
+extern void diff_setup(struct diff_options *);
+extern int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *, const char **, int);
+extern int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
+
+#define DIFF_DETECT_RENAME	1
+#define DIFF_DETECT_COPY	2
+
+#define DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL	1
+#define DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX	2
+
+extern void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *);
+extern void diffcore_fix_diff_index(struct diff_options *);
+
+#define COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP \
+"\ncommon diff options:\n" \
+"  -z            output diff-raw with lines terminated with NUL.\n" \
+"  -p            output patch format.\n" \
+"  -u            synonym for -p.\n" \
+"  --patch-with-raw\n" \
+"                output both a patch and the diff-raw format.\n" \
+"  --stat        show diffstat instead of patch.\n" \
+"  --numstat     show numeric diffstat instead of patch.\n" \
+"  --patch-with-stat\n" \
+"                output a patch and prepend its diffstat.\n" \
+"  --name-only   show only names of changed files.\n" \
+"  --name-status show names and status of changed files.\n" \
+"  --full-index  show full object name on index lines.\n" \
+"  --abbrev=<n>  abbreviate object names in diff-tree header and diff-raw.\n" \
+"  -R            swap input file pairs.\n" \
+"  -B            detect complete rewrites.\n" \
+"  -M            detect renames.\n" \
+"  -C            detect copies.\n" \
+"  --find-copies-harder\n" \
+"                try unchanged files as candidate for copy detection.\n" \
+"  -l<n>         limit rename attempts up to <n> paths.\n" \
+"  -O<file>      reorder diffs according to the <file>.\n" \
+"  -S<string>    find filepair whose only one side contains the string.\n" \
+"  --pickaxe-all\n" \
+"                show all files diff when -S is used and hit is found.\n" \
+"  -a  --text    treat all files as text.\n"
+
+extern int diff_queue_is_empty(void);
+extern void diff_flush(struct diff_options*);
+
+/* diff-raw status letters */
+#define DIFF_STATUS_ADDED		'A'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_COPIED		'C'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_DELETED		'D'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED		'M'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED		'R'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED	'T'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN		'X'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED		'U'
+
+/* these are not diff-raw status letters proper, but used by
+ * diffcore-filter insn to specify additional restrictions.
+ */
+#define DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON		'*'
+#define DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN	'B'
+
+extern const char *diff_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *, int);
+
+/* do not report anything on removed paths */
+#define DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED 01
+/* report racily-clean paths as modified */
+#define DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED 02
+extern int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option);
+extern int run_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs, int cached);
+
+extern int do_diff_cache(const unsigned char *, struct diff_options *);
+extern int diff_flush_patch_id(struct diff_options *, unsigned char *);
+
+extern int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *, int);
+
+extern void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *, int, const char **, int, const char *);
+
+extern int index_differs_from(const char *def, int diff_flags);
+
+#endif /* DIFF_H */
diff --git a/diffcore-break.c b/diffcore-break.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a7b60a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diffcore-break.c
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+static int should_break(struct diff_filespec *src,
+			struct diff_filespec *dst,
+			int break_score,
+			int *merge_score_p)
+{
+	/* dst is recorded as a modification of src.  Are they so
+	 * different that we are better off recording this as a pair
+	 * of delete and create?
+	 *
+	 * There are two criteria used in this algorithm.  For the
+	 * purposes of helping later rename/copy, we take both delete
+	 * and insert into account and estimate the amount of "edit".
+	 * If the edit is very large, we break this pair so that
+	 * rename/copy can pick the pieces up to match with other
+	 * files.
+	 *
+	 * On the other hand, we would want to ignore inserts for the
+	 * pure "complete rewrite" detection.  As long as most of the
+	 * existing contents were removed from the file, it is a
+	 * complete rewrite, and if sizable chunk from the original
+	 * still remains in the result, it is not a rewrite.  It does
+	 * not matter how much or how little new material is added to
+	 * the file.
+	 *
+	 * The score we leave for such a broken filepair uses the
+	 * latter definition so that later clean-up stage can find the
+	 * pieces that should not have been broken according to the
+	 * latter definition after rename/copy runs, and merge the
+	 * broken pair that have a score lower than given criteria
+	 * back together.  The break operation itself happens
+	 * according to the former definition.
+	 *
+	 * The minimum_edit parameter tells us when to break (the
+	 * amount of "edit" required for us to consider breaking the
+	 * pair).  We leave the amount of deletion in *merge_score_p
+	 * when we return.
+	 *
+	 * The value we return is 1 if we want the pair to be broken,
+	 * or 0 if we do not.
+	 */
+	unsigned long delta_size, max_size;
+	unsigned long src_copied, literal_added, src_removed;
+
+	*merge_score_p = 0; /* assume no deletion --- "do not break"
+			     * is the default.
+			     */
+
+	if (S_ISREG(src->mode) != S_ISREG(dst->mode)) {
+		*merge_score_p = (int)MAX_SCORE;
+		return 1; /* even their types are different */
+	}
+
+	if (src->sha1_valid && dst->sha1_valid &&
+	    !hashcmp(src->sha1, dst->sha1))
+		return 0; /* they are the same */
+
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(src, 0) || diff_populate_filespec(dst, 0))
+		return 0; /* error but caught downstream */
+
+	max_size = ((src->size > dst->size) ? src->size : dst->size);
+	if (max_size < MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE)
+		return 0; /* we do not break too small filepair */
+
+	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
+				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
+				   0,
+				   &src_copied, &literal_added))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* sanity */
+	if (src->size < src_copied)
+		src_copied = src->size;
+	if (dst->size < literal_added + src_copied) {
+		if (src_copied < dst->size)
+			literal_added = dst->size - src_copied;
+		else
+			literal_added = 0;
+	}
+	src_removed = src->size - src_copied;
+
+	/* Compute merge-score, which is "how much is removed
+	 * from the source material".  The clean-up stage will
+	 * merge the surviving pair together if the score is
+	 * less than the minimum, after rename/copy runs.
+	 */
+	*merge_score_p = (int)(src_removed * MAX_SCORE / src->size);
+	if (*merge_score_p > break_score)
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Extent of damage, which counts both inserts and
+	 * deletes.
+	 */
+	delta_size = src_removed + literal_added;
+	if (delta_size * MAX_SCORE / max_size < break_score)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* If you removed a lot without adding new material, that is
+	 * not really a rewrite.
+	 */
+	if ((src->size * break_score < src_removed * MAX_SCORE) &&
+	    (literal_added * 20 < src_removed) &&
+	    (literal_added * 20 < src_copied))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void diffcore_break(int break_score)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
+	/* When the filepair has this much edit (insert and delete),
+	 * it is first considered to be a rewrite and broken into a
+	 * create and delete filepair.  This is to help breaking a
+	 * file that had too much new stuff added, possibly from
+	 * moving contents from another file, so that rename/copy can
+	 * match it with the other file.
+	 *
+	 * int break_score; we reuse incoming parameter for this.
+	 */
+
+	/* After a pair is broken according to break_score and
+	 * subjected to rename/copy, both of them may survive intact,
+	 * due to lack of suitable rename/copy peer.  Or, the caller
+	 * may be calling us without using rename/copy.  When that
+	 * happens, we merge the broken pieces back into one
+	 * modification together if the pair did not have more than
+	 * this much delete.  For this computation, we do not take
+	 * insert into account at all.  If you start from a 100-line
+	 * file and delete 97 lines of it, it does not matter if you
+	 * add 27 lines to it to make a new 30-line file or if you add
+	 * 997 lines to it to make a 1000-line file.  Either way what
+	 * you did was a rewrite of 97%.  On the other hand, if you
+	 * delete 3 lines, keeping 97 lines intact, it does not matter
+	 * if you add 3 lines to it to make a new 100-line file or if
+	 * you add 903 lines to it to make a new 1000-line file.
+	 * Either way you did a lot of additions and not a rewrite.
+	 * This merge happens to catch the latter case.  A merge_score
+	 * of 80% would be a good default value (a broken pair that
+	 * has score lower than merge_score will be merged back
+	 * together).
+	 */
+	int merge_score;
+	int i;
+
+	/* See comment on DEFAULT_BREAK_SCORE and
+	 * DEFAULT_MERGE_SCORE in diffcore.h
+	 */
+	merge_score = (break_score >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+	break_score = (break_score & 0xFFFF);
+
+	if (!break_score)
+		break_score = DEFAULT_BREAK_SCORE;
+	if (!merge_score)
+		merge_score = DEFAULT_MERGE_SCORE;
+
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		int score;
+
+		/*
+		 * We deal only with in-place edit of blobs.
+		 * We do not break anything else.
+		 */
+		if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) &&
+		    object_type(p->one->mode) == OBJ_BLOB &&
+		    object_type(p->two->mode) == OBJ_BLOB &&
+		    !strcmp(p->one->path, p->two->path)) {
+			if (should_break(p->one, p->two,
+					 break_score, &score)) {
+				/* Split this into delete and create */
+				struct diff_filespec *null_one, *null_two;
+				struct diff_filepair *dp;
+
+				/* Set score to 0 for the pair that
+				 * needs to be merged back together
+				 * should they survive rename/copy.
+				 * Also we do not want to break very
+				 * small files.
+				 */
+				if (score < merge_score)
+					score = 0;
+
+				/* deletion of one */
+				null_one = alloc_filespec(p->one->path);
+				dp = diff_queue(&outq, p->one, null_one);
+				dp->score = score;
+				dp->broken_pair = 1;
+
+				/* creation of two */
+				null_two = alloc_filespec(p->two->path);
+				dp = diff_queue(&outq, null_two, p->two);
+				dp->score = score;
+				dp->broken_pair = 1;
+
+				diff_free_filespec_blob(p->one);
+				diff_free_filespec_blob(p->two);
+				free(p); /* not diff_free_filepair(), we are
+					  * reusing one and two here.
+					  */
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
+		diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
+		diff_q(&outq, p);
+	}
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+
+	return;
+}
+
+static void merge_broken(struct diff_filepair *p,
+			 struct diff_filepair *pp,
+			 struct diff_queue_struct *outq)
+{
+	/* p and pp are broken pairs we want to merge */
+	struct diff_filepair *c = p, *d = pp, *dp;
+	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
+		/* this must be a delete half */
+		d = p; c = pp;
+	}
+	/* Sanity check */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(d->one))
+		die("internal error in merge #1");
+	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(d->two))
+		die("internal error in merge #2");
+	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(c->one))
+		die("internal error in merge #3");
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(c->two))
+		die("internal error in merge #4");
+
+	dp = diff_queue(outq, d->one, c->two);
+	dp->score = p->score;
+	diff_free_filespec_data(d->two);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(c->one);
+	free(d);
+	free(c);
+}
+
+void diffcore_merge_broken(void)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	int i, j;
+
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		if (!p)
+			/* we already merged this with its peer */
+			continue;
+		else if (p->broken_pair &&
+			 !strcmp(p->one->path, p->two->path)) {
+			/* If the peer also survived rename/copy, then
+			 * we merge them back together.
+			 */
+			for (j = i + 1; j < q->nr; j++) {
+				struct diff_filepair *pp = q->queue[j];
+				if (pp->broken_pair &&
+				    !strcmp(pp->one->path, pp->two->path) &&
+				    !strcmp(p->one->path, pp->two->path)) {
+					/* Peer survived.  Merge them */
+					merge_broken(p, pp, &outq);
+					q->queue[j] = NULL;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (q->nr <= j)
+				/* The peer did not survive, so we keep
+				 * it in the output.
+				 */
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+		}
+		else
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+	}
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/diffcore-delta.c b/diffcore-delta.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cf431d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diffcore-delta.c
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+/*
+ * Idea here is very simple.
+ *
+ * Almost all data we are interested in are text, but sometimes we have
+ * to deal with binary data.  So we cut them into chunks delimited by
+ * LF byte, or 64-byte sequence, whichever comes first, and hash them.
+ *
+ * For those chunks, if the source buffer has more instances of it
+ * than the destination buffer, that means the difference are the
+ * number of bytes not copied from source to destination.  If the
+ * counts are the same, everything was copied from source to
+ * destination.  If the destination has more, everything was copied,
+ * and destination added more.
+ *
+ * We are doing an approximation so we do not really have to waste
+ * memory by actually storing the sequence.  We just hash them into
+ * somewhere around 2^16 hashbuckets and count the occurrences.
+ */
+
+/* Wild guess at the initial hash size */
+#define INITIAL_HASH_SIZE 9
+
+/* We leave more room in smaller hash but do not let it
+ * grow to have unused hole too much.
+ */
+#define INITIAL_FREE(sz_log2) ((1<<(sz_log2))*(sz_log2-3)/(sz_log2))
+
+/* A prime rather carefully chosen between 2^16..2^17, so that
+ * HASHBASE < INITIAL_FREE(17).  We want to keep the maximum hashtable
+ * size under the current 2<<17 maximum, which can hold this many
+ * different values before overflowing to hashtable of size 2<<18.
+ */
+#define HASHBASE 107927
+
+struct spanhash {
+	unsigned int hashval;
+	unsigned int cnt;
+};
+struct spanhash_top {
+	int alloc_log2;
+	int free;
+	struct spanhash data[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static struct spanhash_top *spanhash_rehash(struct spanhash_top *orig)
+{
+	struct spanhash_top *new;
+	int i;
+	int osz = 1 << orig->alloc_log2;
+	int sz = osz << 1;
+
+	new = xmalloc(sizeof(*orig) + sizeof(struct spanhash) * sz);
+	new->alloc_log2 = orig->alloc_log2 + 1;
+	new->free = INITIAL_FREE(new->alloc_log2);
+	memset(new->data, 0, sizeof(struct spanhash) * sz);
+	for (i = 0; i < osz; i++) {
+		struct spanhash *o = &(orig->data[i]);
+		int bucket;
+		if (!o->cnt)
+			continue;
+		bucket = o->hashval & (sz - 1);
+		while (1) {
+			struct spanhash *h = &(new->data[bucket++]);
+			if (!h->cnt) {
+				h->hashval = o->hashval;
+				h->cnt = o->cnt;
+				new->free--;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (sz <= bucket)
+				bucket = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	free(orig);
+	return new;
+}
+
+static struct spanhash_top *add_spanhash(struct spanhash_top *top,
+					 unsigned int hashval, int cnt)
+{
+	int bucket, lim;
+	struct spanhash *h;
+
+	lim = (1 << top->alloc_log2);
+	bucket = hashval & (lim - 1);
+	while (1) {
+		h = &(top->data[bucket++]);
+		if (!h->cnt) {
+			h->hashval = hashval;
+			h->cnt = cnt;
+			top->free--;
+			if (top->free < 0)
+				return spanhash_rehash(top);
+			return top;
+		}
+		if (h->hashval == hashval) {
+			h->cnt += cnt;
+			return top;
+		}
+		if (lim <= bucket)
+			bucket = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int spanhash_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct spanhash *a = a_;
+	const struct spanhash *b = b_;
+
+	/* A count of zero compares at the end.. */
+	if (!a->cnt)
+		return !b->cnt ? 0 : 1;
+	if (!b->cnt)
+		return -1;
+	return a->hashval < b->hashval ? -1 :
+		a->hashval > b->hashval ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static struct spanhash_top *hash_chars(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	int i, n;
+	unsigned int accum1, accum2, hashval;
+	struct spanhash_top *hash;
+	unsigned char *buf = one->data;
+	unsigned int sz = one->size;
+	int is_text = !diff_filespec_is_binary(one);
+
+	i = INITIAL_HASH_SIZE;
+	hash = xmalloc(sizeof(*hash) + sizeof(struct spanhash) * (1<<i));
+	hash->alloc_log2 = i;
+	hash->free = INITIAL_FREE(i);
+	memset(hash->data, 0, sizeof(struct spanhash) * (1<<i));
+
+	n = 0;
+	accum1 = accum2 = 0;
+	while (sz) {
+		unsigned int c = *buf++;
+		unsigned int old_1 = accum1;
+		sz--;
+
+		/* Ignore CR in CRLF sequence if text */
+		if (is_text && c == '\r' && sz && *buf == '\n')
+			continue;
+
+		accum1 = (accum1 << 7) ^ (accum2 >> 25);
+		accum2 = (accum2 << 7) ^ (old_1 >> 25);
+		accum1 += c;
+		if (++n < 64 && c != '\n')
+			continue;
+		hashval = (accum1 + accum2 * 0x61) % HASHBASE;
+		hash = add_spanhash(hash, hashval, n);
+		n = 0;
+		accum1 = accum2 = 0;
+	}
+	qsort(hash->data,
+		1ul << hash->alloc_log2,
+		sizeof(hash->data[0]),
+		spanhash_cmp);
+	return hash;
+}
+
+int diffcore_count_changes(struct diff_filespec *src,
+			   struct diff_filespec *dst,
+			   void **src_count_p,
+			   void **dst_count_p,
+			   unsigned long delta_limit,
+			   unsigned long *src_copied,
+			   unsigned long *literal_added)
+{
+	struct spanhash *s, *d;
+	struct spanhash_top *src_count, *dst_count;
+	unsigned long sc, la;
+
+	src_count = dst_count = NULL;
+	if (src_count_p)
+		src_count = *src_count_p;
+	if (!src_count) {
+		src_count = hash_chars(src);
+		if (src_count_p)
+			*src_count_p = src_count;
+	}
+	if (dst_count_p)
+		dst_count = *dst_count_p;
+	if (!dst_count) {
+		dst_count = hash_chars(dst);
+		if (dst_count_p)
+			*dst_count_p = dst_count;
+	}
+	sc = la = 0;
+
+	s = src_count->data;
+	d = dst_count->data;
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned dst_cnt, src_cnt;
+		if (!s->cnt)
+			break; /* we checked all in src */
+		while (d->cnt) {
+			if (d->hashval >= s->hashval)
+				break;
+			la += d->cnt;
+			d++;
+		}
+		src_cnt = s->cnt;
+		dst_cnt = 0;
+		if (d->cnt && d->hashval == s->hashval) {
+			dst_cnt = d->cnt;
+			d++;
+		}
+		if (src_cnt < dst_cnt) {
+			la += dst_cnt - src_cnt;
+			sc += src_cnt;
+		}
+		else
+			sc += dst_cnt;
+		s++;
+	}
+	while (d->cnt) {
+		la += d->cnt;
+		d++;
+	}
+
+	if (!src_count_p)
+		free(src_count);
+	if (!dst_count_p)
+		free(dst_count);
+	*src_copied = sc;
+	*literal_added = la;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/diffcore-order.c b/diffcore-order.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23e9385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diffcore-order.c
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+static char **order;
+static int order_cnt;
+
+static void prepare_order(const char *orderfile)
+{
+	int fd, cnt, pass;
+	void *map;
+	char *cp, *endp;
+	struct stat st;
+	size_t sz;
+
+	if (order)
+		return;
+
+	fd = open(orderfile, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return;
+	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
+		close(fd);
+		return;
+	}
+	sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	map = mmap(NULL, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	close(fd);
+	if (map == MAP_FAILED)
+		return;
+	endp = (char *) map + sz;
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+		cnt = 0;
+		cp = map;
+		while (cp < endp) {
+			char *ep;
+			for (ep = cp; ep < endp && *ep != '\n'; ep++)
+				;
+			/* cp to ep has one line */
+			if (*cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
+				; /* comment */
+			else if (pass == 0)
+				cnt++;
+			else {
+				if (*ep == '\n') {
+					*ep = 0;
+					order[cnt] = cp;
+				} else {
+					order[cnt] = xmemdupz(cp, ep - cp);
+				}
+				cnt++;
+			}
+			if (ep < endp)
+				ep++;
+			cp = ep;
+		}
+		if (pass == 0) {
+			order_cnt = cnt;
+			order = xmalloc(sizeof(*order) * cnt);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct pair_order {
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+	int orig_order;
+	int order;
+};
+
+static int match_order(const char *path)
+{
+	int i;
+	char p[PATH_MAX];
+
+	for (i = 0; i < order_cnt; i++) {
+		strcpy(p, path);
+		while (p[0]) {
+			char *cp;
+			if (!fnmatch(order[i], p, 0))
+				return i;
+			cp = strrchr(p, '/');
+			if (!cp)
+				break;
+			*cp = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return order_cnt;
+}
+
+static int compare_pair_order(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct pair_order const *a, *b;
+	a = (struct pair_order const *)a_;
+	b = (struct pair_order const *)b_;
+	if (a->order != b->order)
+		return a->order - b->order;
+	return a->orig_order - b->orig_order;
+}
+
+void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct pair_order *o;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!q->nr)
+		return;
+
+	o = xmalloc(sizeof(*o) * q->nr);
+	prepare_order(orderfile);
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		o[i].pair = q->queue[i];
+		o[i].orig_order = i;
+		o[i].order = match_order(o[i].pair->two->path);
+	}
+	qsort(o, q->nr, sizeof(*o), compare_pair_order);
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+		q->queue[i] = o[i].pair;
+	free(o);
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0ef839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one,
+			     const char *needle, unsigned long len,
+			     regex_t *regexp)
+{
+	unsigned int cnt;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	const char *data;
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (!len)
+		return 0;
+
+	sz = one->size;
+	data = one->data;
+	cnt = 0;
+
+	if (regexp) {
+		regmatch_t regmatch;
+		int flags = 0;
+
+		assert(data[sz] == '\0');
+		while (*data && !regexec(regexp, data, 1, &regmatch, flags)) {
+			flags |= REG_NOTBOL;
+			data += regmatch.rm_eo;
+			if (*data && regmatch.rm_so == regmatch.rm_eo)
+				data++;
+			cnt++;
+		}
+
+	} else { /* Classic exact string match */
+		while (sz) {
+			const char *found = memmem(data, sz, needle, len);
+			if (!found)
+				break;
+			sz -= found - data + len;
+			data = found + len;
+			cnt++;
+		}
+	}
+	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+void diffcore_pickaxe(const char *needle, int opts)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	unsigned long len = strlen(needle);
+	int i, has_changes;
+	regex_t regex, *regexp = NULL;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+
+	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX) {
+		int err;
+		err = regcomp(&regex, needle, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
+		if (err) {
+			/* The POSIX.2 people are surely sick */
+			char errbuf[1024];
+			regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
+			regfree(&regex);
+			die("invalid pickaxe regex: %s", errbuf);
+		}
+		regexp = &regex;
+	}
+
+	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL) {
+		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
+		for (i = has_changes = 0; !has_changes && i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
+				if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+					continue; /* ignore unmerged */
+				/* created */
+				if (contains(p->two, needle, len, regexp))
+					has_changes++;
+			}
+			else if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+				if (contains(p->one, needle, len, regexp))
+					has_changes++;
+			}
+			else if (!diff_unmodified_pair(p) &&
+				 contains(p->one, needle, len, regexp) !=
+				 contains(p->two, needle, len, regexp))
+				has_changes++;
+		}
+		if (has_changes)
+			return; /* not munge the queue */
+
+		/* otherwise we will clear the whole queue
+		 * by copying the empty outq at the end of this
+		 * function, but first clear the current entries
+		 * in the queue.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+	}
+	else
+		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			has_changes = 0;
+			if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
+				if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+					; /* ignore unmerged */
+				/* created */
+				else if (contains(p->two, needle, len, regexp))
+					has_changes = 1;
+			}
+			else if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+				if (contains(p->one, needle, len, regexp))
+					has_changes = 1;
+			}
+			else if (!diff_unmodified_pair(p) &&
+				 contains(p->one, needle, len, regexp) !=
+				 contains(p->two, needle, len, regexp))
+				has_changes = 1;
+
+			if (has_changes)
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+		}
+
+	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX) {
+		regfree(&regex);
+	}
+
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6fd3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "hash.h"
+
+/* Table of rename/copy destinations */
+
+static struct diff_rename_dst {
+	struct diff_filespec *two;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+} *rename_dst;
+static int rename_dst_nr, rename_dst_alloc;
+
+static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two,
+						 int insert_ok)
+{
+	int first, last;
+
+	first = 0;
+	last = rename_dst_nr;
+	while (last > first) {
+		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		struct diff_rename_dst *dst = &(rename_dst[next]);
+		int cmp = strcmp(two->path, dst->two->path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return dst;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			last = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		first = next+1;
+	}
+	/* not found */
+	if (!insert_ok)
+		return NULL;
+	/* insert to make it at "first" */
+	if (rename_dst_alloc <= rename_dst_nr) {
+		rename_dst_alloc = alloc_nr(rename_dst_alloc);
+		rename_dst = xrealloc(rename_dst,
+				      rename_dst_alloc * sizeof(*rename_dst));
+	}
+	rename_dst_nr++;
+	if (first < rename_dst_nr)
+		memmove(rename_dst + first + 1, rename_dst + first,
+			(rename_dst_nr - first - 1) * sizeof(*rename_dst));
+	rename_dst[first].two = alloc_filespec(two->path);
+	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->mode);
+	rename_dst[first].pair = NULL;
+	return &(rename_dst[first]);
+}
+
+/* Table of rename/copy src files */
+static struct diff_rename_src {
+	struct diff_filespec *one;
+	unsigned short score; /* to remember the break score */
+} *rename_src;
+static int rename_src_nr, rename_src_alloc;
+
+static struct diff_rename_src *register_rename_src(struct diff_filespec *one,
+						   unsigned short score)
+{
+	int first, last;
+
+	first = 0;
+	last = rename_src_nr;
+	while (last > first) {
+		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		struct diff_rename_src *src = &(rename_src[next]);
+		int cmp = strcmp(one->path, src->one->path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return src;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			last = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		first = next+1;
+	}
+
+	/* insert to make it at "first" */
+	if (rename_src_alloc <= rename_src_nr) {
+		rename_src_alloc = alloc_nr(rename_src_alloc);
+		rename_src = xrealloc(rename_src,
+				      rename_src_alloc * sizeof(*rename_src));
+	}
+	rename_src_nr++;
+	if (first < rename_src_nr)
+		memmove(rename_src + first + 1, rename_src + first,
+			(rename_src_nr - first - 1) * sizeof(*rename_src));
+	rename_src[first].one = one;
+	rename_src[first].score = score;
+	return &(rename_src[first]);
+}
+
+static int basename_same(struct diff_filespec *src, struct diff_filespec *dst)
+{
+	int src_len = strlen(src->path), dst_len = strlen(dst->path);
+	while (src_len && dst_len) {
+		char c1 = src->path[--src_len];
+		char c2 = dst->path[--dst_len];
+		if (c1 != c2)
+			return 0;
+		if (c1 == '/')
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return (!src_len || src->path[src_len - 1] == '/') &&
+		(!dst_len || dst->path[dst_len - 1] == '/');
+}
+
+struct diff_score {
+	int src; /* index in rename_src */
+	int dst; /* index in rename_dst */
+	unsigned short score;
+	short name_score;
+};
+
+static int estimate_similarity(struct diff_filespec *src,
+			       struct diff_filespec *dst,
+			       int minimum_score)
+{
+	/* src points at a file that existed in the original tree (or
+	 * optionally a file in the destination tree) and dst points
+	 * at a newly created file.  They may be quite similar, in which
+	 * case we want to say src is renamed to dst or src is copied into
+	 * dst, and then some edit has been applied to dst.
+	 *
+	 * Compare them and return how similar they are, representing
+	 * the score as an integer between 0 and MAX_SCORE.
+	 *
+	 * When there is an exact match, it is considered a better
+	 * match than anything else; the destination does not even
+	 * call into this function in that case.
+	 */
+	unsigned long max_size, delta_size, base_size, src_copied, literal_added;
+	unsigned long delta_limit;
+	int score;
+
+	/* We deal only with regular files.  Symlink renames are handled
+	 * only when they are exact matches --- in other words, no edits
+	 * after renaming.
+	 */
+	if (!S_ISREG(src->mode) || !S_ISREG(dst->mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Need to check that source and destination sizes are
+	 * filled in before comparing them.
+	 *
+	 * If we already have "cnt_data" filled in, we know it's
+	 * all good (avoid checking the size for zero, as that
+	 * is a possible size - we really should have a flag to
+	 * say whether the size is valid or not!)
+	 */
+	if (!src->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(src, 1))
+		return 0;
+	if (!dst->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(dst, 1))
+		return 0;
+
+	max_size = ((src->size > dst->size) ? src->size : dst->size);
+	base_size = ((src->size < dst->size) ? src->size : dst->size);
+	delta_size = max_size - base_size;
+
+	/* We would not consider edits that change the file size so
+	 * drastically.  delta_size must be smaller than
+	 * (MAX_SCORE-minimum_score)/MAX_SCORE * min(src->size, dst->size).
+	 *
+	 * Note that base_size == 0 case is handled here already
+	 * and the final score computation below would not have a
+	 * divide-by-zero issue.
+	 */
+	if (base_size * (MAX_SCORE-minimum_score) < delta_size * MAX_SCORE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!src->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(src, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (!dst->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(dst, 0))
+		return 0;
+
+	delta_limit = (unsigned long)
+		(base_size * (MAX_SCORE-minimum_score) / MAX_SCORE);
+	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
+				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
+				   delta_limit,
+				   &src_copied, &literal_added))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* How similar are they?
+	 * what percentage of material in dst are from source?
+	 */
+	if (!dst->size)
+		score = 0; /* should not happen */
+	else
+		score = (int)(src_copied * MAX_SCORE / max_size);
+	return score;
+}
+
+static void record_rename_pair(int dst_index, int src_index, int score)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *src, *dst;
+	struct diff_filepair *dp;
+
+	if (rename_dst[dst_index].pair)
+		die("internal error: dst already matched.");
+
+	src = rename_src[src_index].one;
+	src->rename_used++;
+	src->count++;
+
+	dst = rename_dst[dst_index].two;
+	dst->count++;
+
+	dp = diff_queue(NULL, src, dst);
+	dp->renamed_pair = 1;
+	if (!strcmp(src->path, dst->path))
+		dp->score = rename_src[src_index].score;
+	else
+		dp->score = score;
+	rename_dst[dst_index].pair = dp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We sort the rename similarity matrix with the score, in descending
+ * order (the most similar first).
+ */
+static int score_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct diff_score *a = a_, *b = b_;
+
+	/* sink the unused ones to the bottom */
+	if (a->dst < 0)
+		return (0 <= b->dst);
+	else if (b->dst < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (a->score == b->score)
+		return b->name_score - a->name_score;
+
+	return b->score - a->score;
+}
+
+struct file_similarity {
+	int src_dst, index;
+	struct diff_filespec *filespec;
+	struct file_similarity *next;
+};
+
+static int find_identical_files(struct file_similarity *src,
+				struct file_similarity *dst)
+{
+	int renames = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Walk over all the destinations ...
+	 */
+	do {
+		struct diff_filespec *target = dst->filespec;
+		struct file_similarity *p, *best;
+		int i = 100, best_score = -1;
+
+		/*
+		 * .. to find the best source match
+		 */
+		best = NULL;
+		for (p = src; p; p = p->next) {
+			int score;
+			struct diff_filespec *source = p->filespec;
+
+			/* False hash collision? */
+			if (hashcmp(source->sha1, target->sha1))
+				continue;
+			/* Non-regular files? If so, the modes must match! */
+			if (!S_ISREG(source->mode) || !S_ISREG(target->mode)) {
+				if (source->mode != target->mode)
+					continue;
+			}
+			/* Give higher scores to sources that haven't been used already */
+			score = !source->rename_used;
+			score += basename_same(source, target);
+			if (score > best_score) {
+				best = p;
+				best_score = score;
+				if (score == 2)
+					break;
+			}
+
+			/* Too many identical alternatives? Pick one */
+			if (!--i)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (best) {
+			record_rename_pair(dst->index, best->index, MAX_SCORE);
+			renames++;
+		}
+	} while ((dst = dst->next) != NULL);
+	return renames;
+}
+
+static void free_similarity_list(struct file_similarity *p)
+{
+	while (p) {
+		struct file_similarity *entry = p;
+		p = p->next;
+		free(entry);
+	}
+}
+
+static int find_same_files(void *ptr)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct file_similarity *p = ptr;
+	struct file_similarity *src = NULL, *dst = NULL;
+
+	/* Split the hash list up into sources and destinations */
+	do {
+		struct file_similarity *entry = p;
+		p = p->next;
+		if (entry->src_dst < 0) {
+			entry->next = src;
+			src = entry;
+		} else {
+			entry->next = dst;
+			dst = entry;
+		}
+	} while (p);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have both sources *and* destinations, see if
+	 * we can match them up
+	 */
+	ret = (src && dst) ? find_identical_files(src, dst) : 0;
+
+	/* Free the hashes and return the number of renames found */
+	free_similarity_list(src);
+	free_similarity_list(dst);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static unsigned int hash_filespec(struct diff_filespec *filespec)
+{
+	unsigned int hash;
+	if (!filespec->sha1_valid) {
+		if (diff_populate_filespec(filespec, 0))
+			return 0;
+		hash_sha1_file(filespec->data, filespec->size, "blob", filespec->sha1);
+	}
+	memcpy(&hash, filespec->sha1, sizeof(hash));
+	return hash;
+}
+
+static void insert_file_table(struct hash_table *table, int src_dst, int index, struct diff_filespec *filespec)
+{
+	void **pos;
+	unsigned int hash;
+	struct file_similarity *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
+
+	entry->src_dst = src_dst;
+	entry->index = index;
+	entry->filespec = filespec;
+	entry->next = NULL;
+
+	hash = hash_filespec(filespec);
+	pos = insert_hash(hash, entry, table);
+
+	/* We already had an entry there? */
+	if (pos) {
+		entry->next = *pos;
+		*pos = entry;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find exact renames first.
+ *
+ * The first round matches up the up-to-date entries,
+ * and then during the second round we try to match
+ * cache-dirty entries as well.
+ */
+static int find_exact_renames(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct hash_table file_table;
+
+	init_hash(&file_table);
+	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
+		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].one);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rename_dst_nr; i++)
+		insert_file_table(&file_table, 1, i, rename_dst[i].two);
+
+	/* Find the renames */
+	i = for_each_hash(&file_table, find_same_files);
+
+	/* .. and free the hash data structure */
+	free_hash(&file_table);
+
+	return i;
+}
+
+#define NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST 4
+static void record_if_better(struct diff_score m[], struct diff_score *o)
+{
+	int i, worst;
+
+	/* find the worst one */
+	worst = 0;
+	for (i = 1; i < NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST; i++)
+		if (score_compare(&m[i], &m[worst]) > 0)
+			worst = i;
+
+	/* is it better than the worst one? */
+	if (score_compare(&m[worst], o) > 0)
+		m[worst] = *o;
+}
+
+void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int detect_rename = options->detect_rename;
+	int minimum_score = options->rename_score;
+	int rename_limit = options->rename_limit;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	struct diff_score *mx;
+	int i, j, rename_count;
+	int num_create, num_src, dst_cnt;
+
+	if (!minimum_score)
+		minimum_score = DEFAULT_RENAME_SCORE;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
+			if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+				continue; /* unmerged */
+			else if (options->single_follow &&
+				 strcmp(options->single_follow, p->two->path))
+				continue; /* not interested */
+			else
+				locate_rename_dst(p->two, 1);
+		}
+		else if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			/*
+			 * If the source is a broken "delete", and
+			 * they did not really want to get broken,
+			 * that means the source actually stays.
+			 * So we increment the "rename_used" score
+			 * by one, to indicate ourselves as a user
+			 */
+			if (p->broken_pair && !p->score)
+				p->one->rename_used++;
+			register_rename_src(p->one, p->score);
+		}
+		else if (detect_rename == DIFF_DETECT_COPY) {
+			/*
+			 * Increment the "rename_used" score by
+			 * one, to indicate ourselves as a user.
+			 */
+			p->one->rename_used++;
+			register_rename_src(p->one, p->score);
+		}
+	}
+	if (rename_dst_nr == 0 || rename_src_nr == 0)
+		goto cleanup; /* nothing to do */
+
+	/*
+	 * We really want to cull the candidates list early
+	 * with cheap tests in order to avoid doing deltas.
+	 */
+	rename_count = find_exact_renames();
+
+	/* Did we only want exact renames? */
+	if (minimum_score == MAX_SCORE)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate how many renames are left (but all the source
+	 * files still remain as options for rename/copies!)
+	 */
+	num_create = (rename_dst_nr - rename_count);
+	num_src = rename_src_nr;
+
+	/* All done? */
+	if (!num_create)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/*
+	 * This basically does a test for the rename matrix not
+	 * growing larger than a "rename_limit" square matrix, ie:
+	 *
+	 *    num_create * num_src > rename_limit * rename_limit
+	 *
+	 * but handles the potential overflow case specially (and we
+	 * assume at least 32-bit integers)
+	 */
+	if (rename_limit <= 0 || rename_limit > 32767)
+		rename_limit = 32767;
+	if ((num_create > rename_limit && num_src > rename_limit) ||
+	    (num_create * num_src > rename_limit * rename_limit)) {
+		if (options->warn_on_too_large_rename)
+			warning("too many files (created: %d deleted: %d), skipping inexact rename detection", num_create, num_src);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	mx = xcalloc(num_create * NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST, sizeof(*mx));
+	for (dst_cnt = i = 0; i < rename_dst_nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filespec *two = rename_dst[i].two;
+		struct diff_score *m;
+
+		if (rename_dst[i].pair)
+			continue; /* dealt with exact match already. */
+
+		m = &mx[dst_cnt * NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST];
+		for (j = 0; j < NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST; j++)
+			m[j].dst = -1;
+
+		for (j = 0; j < rename_src_nr; j++) {
+			struct diff_filespec *one = rename_src[j].one;
+			struct diff_score this_src;
+			this_src.score = estimate_similarity(one, two,
+							     minimum_score);
+			this_src.name_score = basename_same(one, two);
+			this_src.dst = i;
+			this_src.src = j;
+			record_if_better(m, &this_src);
+			/*
+			 * Once we run estimate_similarity,
+			 * We do not need the text anymore.
+			 */
+			diff_free_filespec_blob(one);
+			diff_free_filespec_blob(two);
+		}
+		dst_cnt++;
+	}
+
+	/* cost matrix sorted by most to least similar pair */
+	qsort(mx, dst_cnt * NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST, sizeof(*mx), score_compare);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dst_cnt * NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST; i++) {
+		struct diff_rename_dst *dst;
+
+		if ((mx[i].dst < 0) ||
+		    (mx[i].score < minimum_score))
+			break; /* there is no more usable pair. */
+		dst = &rename_dst[mx[i].dst];
+		if (dst->pair)
+			continue; /* already done, either exact or fuzzy. */
+		if (rename_src[mx[i].src].one->rename_used)
+			continue;
+		record_rename_pair(mx[i].dst, mx[i].src, mx[i].score);
+		rename_count++;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dst_cnt * NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST; i++) {
+		struct diff_rename_dst *dst;
+
+		if ((mx[i].dst < 0) ||
+		    (mx[i].score < minimum_score))
+			break; /* there is no more usable pair. */
+		dst = &rename_dst[mx[i].dst];
+		if (dst->pair)
+			continue; /* already done, either exact or fuzzy. */
+		record_rename_pair(mx[i].dst, mx[i].src, mx[i].score);
+		rename_count++;
+	}
+	free(mx);
+
+ cleanup:
+	/* At this point, we have found some renames and copies and they
+	 * are recorded in rename_dst.  The original list is still in *q.
+	 */
+	outq.queue = NULL;
+	outq.nr = outq.alloc = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		struct diff_filepair *pair_to_free = NULL;
+
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			/*
+			 * Creation
+			 *
+			 * We would output this create record if it has
+			 * not been turned into a rename/copy already.
+			 */
+			struct diff_rename_dst *dst =
+				locate_rename_dst(p->two, 0);
+			if (dst && dst->pair) {
+				diff_q(&outq, dst->pair);
+				pair_to_free = p;
+			}
+			else
+				/* no matching rename/copy source, so
+				 * record this as a creation.
+				 */
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+		}
+		else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			/*
+			 * Deletion
+			 *
+			 * We would output this delete record if:
+			 *
+			 * (1) this is a broken delete and the counterpart
+			 *     broken create remains in the output; or
+			 * (2) this is not a broken delete, and rename_dst
+			 *     does not have a rename/copy to move p->one->path
+			 *     out of existence.
+			 *
+			 * Otherwise, the counterpart broken create
+			 * has been turned into a rename-edit; or
+			 * delete did not have a matching create to
+			 * begin with.
+			 */
+			if (DIFF_PAIR_BROKEN(p)) {
+				/* broken delete */
+				struct diff_rename_dst *dst =
+					locate_rename_dst(p->one, 0);
+				if (dst && dst->pair)
+					/* counterpart is now rename/copy */
+					pair_to_free = p;
+			}
+			else {
+				if (p->one->rename_used)
+					/* this path remains */
+					pair_to_free = p;
+			}
+
+			if (pair_to_free)
+				;
+			else
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+		}
+		else if (!diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+			/* all the usual ones need to be kept */
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+		else
+			/* no need to keep unmodified pairs */
+			pair_to_free = p;
+
+		if (pair_to_free)
+			diff_free_filepair(pair_to_free);
+	}
+	diff_debug_queue("done copying original", &outq);
+
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
+	diff_debug_queue("done collapsing", q);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rename_dst_nr; i++)
+		free_filespec(rename_dst[i].two);
+
+	free(rename_dst);
+	rename_dst = NULL;
+	rename_dst_nr = rename_dst_alloc = 0;
+	free(rename_src);
+	rename_src = NULL;
+	rename_src_nr = rename_src_alloc = 0;
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/diffcore.h b/diffcore.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66687c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/diffcore.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#ifndef DIFFCORE_H
+#define DIFFCORE_H
+
+/* This header file is internal between diff.c and its diff transformers
+ * (e.g. diffcore-rename, diffcore-pickaxe).  Never include this header
+ * in anything else.
+ */
+
+/* We internally use unsigned short as the score value,
+ * and rely on an int capable to hold 32-bits.  -B can take
+ * -Bmerge_score/break_score format and the two scores are
+ * passed around in one int (high 16-bit for merge and low 16-bit
+ * for break).
+ */
+#define MAX_SCORE 60000.0
+#define DEFAULT_RENAME_SCORE 30000 /* rename/copy similarity minimum (50%) */
+#define DEFAULT_BREAK_SCORE  30000 /* minimum for break to happen (50%) */
+#define DEFAULT_MERGE_SCORE  36000 /* maximum for break-merge to happen 60%) */
+
+#define MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE     400 /* do not break a file smaller than this */
+
+struct userdiff_driver;
+
+struct diff_filespec {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *path;
+	void *data;
+	void *cnt_data;
+	const char *funcname_pattern_ident;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int count;               /* Reference count */
+	int xfrm_flags;		 /* for use by the xfrm */
+	int rename_used;         /* Count of rename users */
+	unsigned short mode;	 /* file mode */
+	unsigned sha1_valid : 1; /* if true, use sha1 and trust mode;
+				  * if false, use the name and read from
+				  * the filesystem.
+				  */
+#define DIFF_FILE_VALID(spec) (((spec)->mode) != 0)
+	unsigned should_free : 1; /* data should be free()'ed */
+	unsigned should_munmap : 1; /* data should be munmap()'ed */
+	unsigned dirty_submodule : 1;  /* For submodules: its work tree is dirty */
+
+	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
+	/* data should be considered "binary"; -1 means "don't know yet" */
+	int is_binary;
+};
+
+extern struct diff_filespec *alloc_filespec(const char *);
+extern void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *);
+extern void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, const unsigned char *,
+			  unsigned short);
+
+extern int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int);
+extern void diff_free_filespec_data(struct diff_filespec *);
+extern void diff_free_filespec_blob(struct diff_filespec *);
+extern int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *);
+
+struct diff_filepair {
+	struct diff_filespec *one;
+	struct diff_filespec *two;
+	unsigned short int score;
+	char status; /* M C R A D U etc. (see Documentation/diff-format.txt or DIFF_STATUS_* in diff.h) */
+	unsigned broken_pair : 1;
+	unsigned renamed_pair : 1;
+	unsigned is_unmerged : 1;
+};
+#define DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p) ((p)->is_unmerged)
+
+#define DIFF_PAIR_RENAME(p) ((p)->renamed_pair)
+
+#define DIFF_PAIR_BROKEN(p) \
+	( (!DIFF_FILE_VALID((p)->one) != !DIFF_FILE_VALID((p)->two)) && \
+	  ((p)->broken_pair != 0) )
+
+#define DIFF_PAIR_TYPE_CHANGED(p) \
+	((S_IFMT & (p)->one->mode) != (S_IFMT & (p)->two->mode))
+
+#define DIFF_PAIR_MODE_CHANGED(p) ((p)->one->mode != (p)->two->mode)
+
+extern void diff_free_filepair(struct diff_filepair *);
+
+extern int diff_unmodified_pair(struct diff_filepair *);
+
+struct diff_queue_struct {
+	struct diff_filepair **queue;
+	int alloc;
+	int nr;
+};
+
+extern struct diff_queue_struct diff_queued_diff;
+extern struct diff_filepair *diff_queue(struct diff_queue_struct *,
+					struct diff_filespec *,
+					struct diff_filespec *);
+extern void diff_q(struct diff_queue_struct *, struct diff_filepair *);
+
+extern void diffcore_break(int);
+extern void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *);
+extern void diffcore_merge_broken(void);
+extern void diffcore_pickaxe(const char *needle, int opts);
+extern void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile);
+
+#define DIFF_DEBUG 0
+#if DIFF_DEBUG
+void diff_debug_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int, const char *);
+void diff_debug_filepair(const struct diff_filepair *, int);
+void diff_debug_queue(const char *, struct diff_queue_struct *);
+#else
+#define diff_debug_filespec(a,b,c) do {} while(0)
+#define diff_debug_filepair(a,b) do {} while(0)
+#define diff_debug_queue(a,b) do {} while(0)
+#endif
+
+extern int diffcore_count_changes(struct diff_filespec *src,
+				  struct diff_filespec *dst,
+				  void **src_count_p,
+				  void **dst_count_p,
+				  unsigned long delta_limit,
+				  unsigned long *src_copied,
+				  unsigned long *literal_added);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67c3af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1052 @@
+/*
+ * This handles recursive filename detection with exclude
+ * files, index knowledge etc..
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005-2006
+ *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+struct path_simplify {
+	int len;
+	const char *path;
+};
+
+static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
+	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
+static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
+
+static int common_prefix(const char **pathspec)
+{
+	const char *path, *slash, *next;
+	int prefix;
+
+	if (!pathspec)
+		return 0;
+
+	path = *pathspec;
+	slash = strrchr(path, '/');
+	if (!slash)
+		return 0;
+
+	prefix = slash - path + 1;
+	while ((next = *++pathspec) != NULL) {
+		int len = strlen(next);
+		if (len >= prefix && !memcmp(path, next, prefix))
+			continue;
+		len = prefix - 1;
+		for (;;) {
+			if (!len)
+				return 0;
+			if (next[--len] != '/')
+				continue;
+			if (memcmp(path, next, len+1))
+				continue;
+			prefix = len + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return prefix;
+}
+
+int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	int len;
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate common prefix for the pathspec, and
+	 * use that to optimize the directory walk
+	 */
+	len = common_prefix(pathspec);
+	path = "";
+
+	if (len)
+		path = xmemdupz(*pathspec, len);
+
+	/* Read the directory and prune it */
+	read_directory(dir, path, len, pathspec);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does 'match' match the given name?
+ * A match is found if
+ *
+ * (1) the 'match' string is leading directory of 'name', or
+ * (2) the 'match' string is a wildcard and matches 'name', or
+ * (3) the 'match' string is exactly the same as 'name'.
+ *
+ * and the return value tells which case it was.
+ *
+ * It returns 0 when there is no match.
+ */
+static int match_one(const char *match, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	int matchlen;
+
+	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
+	if (!*match)
+		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c1 = *match;
+		unsigned char c2 = *name;
+		if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
+			break;
+		if (c1 != c2)
+			return 0;
+		match++;
+		name++;
+		namelen--;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * If we don't match the matchstring exactly,
+	 * we need to match by fnmatch
+	 */
+	matchlen = strlen(match);
+	if (strncmp(match, name, matchlen))
+		return !fnmatch(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
+
+	if (namelen == matchlen)
+		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
+	if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
+		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
+ * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
+ * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
+ * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
+ * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
+ * actually matched anything.
+ */
+int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
+		int prefix, char *seen)
+{
+	int i, retval = 0;
+
+	if (!pathspec)
+		return 1;
+
+	name += prefix;
+	namelen -= prefix;
+
+	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] != NULL; i++) {
+		int how;
+		const char *match = pathspec[i] + prefix;
+		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
+			continue;
+		how = match_one(match, name, namelen);
+		if (how) {
+			if (retval < how)
+				retval = how;
+			if (seen && seen[i] < how)
+				seen[i] = how;
+		}
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+{
+	return string[strcspn(string, "*?[{\\")] == '\0';
+}
+
+void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
+		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *which)
+{
+	struct exclude *x;
+	size_t len;
+	int to_exclude = 1;
+	int flags = 0;
+
+	if (*string == '!') {
+		to_exclude = 0;
+		string++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(string);
+	if (len && string[len - 1] == '/') {
+		char *s;
+		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + len);
+		s = (char *)(x+1);
+		memcpy(s, string, len - 1);
+		s[len - 1] = '\0';
+		string = s;
+		x->pattern = s;
+		flags = EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	} else {
+		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
+		x->pattern = string;
+	}
+	x->to_exclude = to_exclude;
+	x->patternlen = strlen(string);
+	x->base = base;
+	x->baselen = baselen;
+	x->flags = flags;
+	if (!strchr(string, '/'))
+		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+	if (no_wildcard(string))
+		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD;
+	if (*string == '*' && no_wildcard(string+1))
+		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	ALLOC_GROW(which->excludes, which->nr + 1, which->alloc);
+	which->excludes[which->nr++] = x;
+}
+
+static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!ce_skip_worktree(istate->cache[pos]))
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	*size = xsize_t(sz);
+	return data;
+}
+
+int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
+				   const char *base,
+				   int baselen,
+				   char **buf_p,
+				   struct exclude_list *which,
+				   int check_index)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd, i;
+	size_t size;
+	char *buf, *entry;
+
+	fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+		if (0 <= fd)
+			close(fd);
+		if (!check_index ||
+		    (buf = read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(fname, &size)) == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		if (size == 0) {
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (buf[size-1] != '\n') {
+			buf = xrealloc(buf, size+1);
+			buf[size++] = '\n';
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+		if (size == 0) {
+			close(fd);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		buf = xmalloc(size+1);
+		if (read_in_full(fd, buf, size) != size) {
+			free(buf);
+			close(fd);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		buf[size++] = '\n';
+		close(fd);
+	}
+
+	if (buf_p)
+		*buf_p = buf;
+	entry = buf;
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
+			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
+				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
+				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, which);
+			}
+			entry = buf + i + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
+{
+	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, NULL,
+					   &dir->exclude_list[EXC_FILE], 0) < 0)
+		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
+}
+
+static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
+{
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
+	int current;
+
+	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
+	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
+		return; /* too long a path -- ignore */
+
+	/* Pop the ones that are not the prefix of the path being checked. */
+	el = &dir->exclude_list[EXC_DIRS];
+	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
+		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
+		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
+			break;
+		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
+		while (stk->exclude_ix < el->nr)
+			free(el->excludes[--el->nr]);
+		free(stk->filebuf);
+		free(stk);
+	}
+
+	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
+	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
+	while (current < baselen) {
+		struct exclude_stack *stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
+		const char *cp;
+
+		if (current < 0) {
+			cp = base;
+			current = 0;
+		}
+		else {
+			cp = strchr(base + current + 1, '/');
+			if (!cp)
+				die("oops in prep_exclude");
+			cp++;
+		}
+		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
+		stk->baselen = cp - base;
+		stk->exclude_ix = el->nr;
+		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
+		       stk->baselen - current);
+		strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen, dir->exclude_per_dir);
+		add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
+					       dir->basebuf, stk->baselen,
+					       &stk->filebuf, el, 1);
+		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+		current = stk->baselen;
+	}
+	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
+}
+
+/* Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
+ * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+ */
+int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
+		       int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
+		       struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (el->nr) {
+		for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
+			struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
+			const char *exclude = x->pattern;
+			int to_exclude = x->to_exclude;
+
+			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
+				if (!dtype) {
+					if (!prefixcmp(pathname, exclude))
+						return to_exclude;
+					else
+						continue;
+				}
+				if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+					*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
+				if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
+					continue;
+			}
+
+			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+				/* match basename */
+				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
+					if (!strcmp(exclude, basename))
+						return to_exclude;
+				} else if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+					if (x->patternlen - 1 <= pathlen &&
+					    !strcmp(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
+						return to_exclude;
+				} else {
+					if (fnmatch(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
+						return to_exclude;
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				/* match with FNM_PATHNAME:
+				 * exclude has base (baselen long) implicitly
+				 * in front of it.
+				 */
+				int baselen = x->baselen;
+				if (*exclude == '/')
+					exclude++;
+
+				if (pathlen < baselen ||
+				    (baselen && pathname[baselen-1] != '/') ||
+				    strncmp(pathname, x->base, baselen))
+				    continue;
+
+				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
+					if (!strcmp(exclude, pathname + baselen))
+						return to_exclude;
+				} else {
+					if (fnmatch(exclude, pathname+baselen,
+						    FNM_PATHNAME) == 0)
+					    return to_exclude;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return -1; /* undecided */
+}
+
+int excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+{
+	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
+	int st;
+	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
+	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
+
+	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
+	for (st = EXC_CMDL; st <= EXC_FILE; st++) {
+		switch (excluded_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
+					   dtype_p, &dir->exclude_list[st])) {
+		case 0:
+			return 0;
+		case 1:
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
+{
+	struct dir_entry *ent;
+
+	ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + len + 1);
+	ent->len = len;
+	memcpy(ent->name, pathname, len);
+	ent->name[len] = 0;
+	return ent;
+}
+
+static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
+{
+	if (cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr+1, dir->alloc);
+	return dir->entries[dir->nr++] = dir_entry_new(pathname, len);
+}
+
+static struct dir_entry *dir_add_ignored(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
+{
+	if (!cache_name_is_other(pathname, len))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(dir->ignored, dir->ignored_nr+1, dir->ignored_alloc);
+	return dir->ignored[dir->ignored_nr++] = dir_entry_new(pathname, len);
+}
+
+enum exist_status {
+	index_nonexistent = 0,
+	index_directory,
+	index_gitdir,
+};
+
+/*
+ * The index sorts alphabetically by entry name, which
+ * means that a gitlink sorts as '\0' at the end, while
+ * a directory (which is defined not as an entry, but as
+ * the files it contains) will sort with the '/' at the
+ * end.
+ */
+static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
+{
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(dirname, len);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -pos-1;
+	while (pos < active_nr) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		unsigned char endchar;
+
+		if (strncmp(ce->name, dirname, len))
+			break;
+		endchar = ce->name[len];
+		if (endchar > '/')
+			break;
+		if (endchar == '/')
+			return index_directory;
+		if (!endchar && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			return index_gitdir;
+	}
+	return index_nonexistent;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When we find a directory when traversing the filesystem, we
+ * have three distinct cases:
+ *
+ *  - ignore it
+ *  - see it as a directory
+ *  - recurse into it
+ *
+ * and which one we choose depends on a combination of existing
+ * git index contents and the flags passed into the directory
+ * traversal routine.
+ *
+ * Case 1: If we *already* have entries in the index under that
+ * directory name, we always recurse into the directory to see
+ * all the files.
+ *
+ * Case 2: If we *already* have that directory name as a gitlink,
+ * we always continue to see it as a gitlink, regardless of whether
+ * there is an actual git directory there or not (it might not
+ * be checked out as a subproject!)
+ *
+ * Case 3: if we didn't have it in the index previously, we
+ * have a few sub-cases:
+ *
+ *  (a) if "show_other_directories" is true, we show it as
+ *      just a directory, unless "hide_empty_directories" is
+ *      also true and the directory is empty, in which case
+ *      we just ignore it entirely.
+ *  (b) if it looks like a git directory, and we don't have
+ *      'no_gitlinks' set we treat it as a gitlink, and show it
+ *      as a directory.
+ *  (c) otherwise, we recurse into it.
+ */
+enum directory_treatment {
+	show_directory,
+	ignore_directory,
+	recurse_into_directory,
+};
+
+static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *dirname, int len,
+	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
+	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
+	case index_directory:
+		return recurse_into_directory;
+
+	case index_gitdir:
+		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
+			return ignore_directory;
+		return show_directory;
+
+	case index_nonexistent:
+		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
+			break;
+		if (!(dir->flags & DIR_NO_GITLINKS)) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(dirname, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
+				return show_directory;
+		}
+		return recurse_into_directory;
+	}
+
+	/* This is the "show_other_directories" case */
+	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
+		return show_directory;
+	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
+		return ignore_directory;
+	return show_directory;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is an inexact early pruning of any recursive directory
+ * reading - if the path cannot possibly be in the pathspec,
+ * return true, and we'll skip it early.
+ */
+static int simplify_away(const char *path, int pathlen, const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	if (simplify) {
+		for (;;) {
+			const char *match = simplify->path;
+			int len = simplify->len;
+
+			if (!match)
+				break;
+			if (len > pathlen)
+				len = pathlen;
+			if (!memcmp(path, match, len))
+				return 0;
+			simplify++;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int in_pathspec(const char *path, int len, const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	if (simplify) {
+		for (; simplify->path; simplify++) {
+			if (len == simplify->len
+			    && !memcmp(path, simplify->path, len))
+				return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_index_dtype(const char *path, int len)
+{
+	int pos;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	ce = cache_name_exists(path, len, 0);
+	if (ce) {
+		if (!ce_uptodate(ce))
+			return DT_UNKNOWN;
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			return DT_DIR;
+		/*
+		 * Nobody actually cares about the
+		 * difference between DT_LNK and DT_REG
+		 */
+		return DT_REG;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to look it up as a directory */
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
+	if (pos >= 0)
+		return DT_UNKNOWN;
+	pos = -pos-1;
+	while (pos < active_nr) {
+		ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		if (strncmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			break;
+		if (ce->name[len] > '/')
+			break;
+		if (ce->name[len] < '/')
+			continue;
+		if (!ce_uptodate(ce))
+			break;	/* continue? */
+		return DT_DIR;
+	}
+	return DT_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len)
+{
+	int dtype = de ? DTYPE(de) : DT_UNKNOWN;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (dtype != DT_UNKNOWN)
+		return dtype;
+	dtype = get_index_dtype(path, len);
+	if (dtype != DT_UNKNOWN)
+		return dtype;
+	if (lstat(path, &st))
+		return dtype;
+	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return DT_REG;
+	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+		return DT_DIR;
+	if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+		return DT_LNK;
+	return dtype;
+}
+
+enum path_treatment {
+	path_ignored,
+	path_handled,
+	path_recurse,
+};
+
+static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					  char *path, int *len,
+					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
+					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
+{
+	int exclude = excluded(dir, path, &dtype);
+	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
+	    && in_pathspec(path, *len, simplify))
+		dir_add_ignored(dir, path, *len);
+
+	/*
+	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
+	 * ignored files, ignore it
+	 */
+	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
+		return path_ignored;
+
+	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		dtype = get_dtype(de, path, *len);
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we want to see just the ignored files?
+	 * We still need to recurse into directories,
+	 * even if we don't ignore them, since the
+	 * directory may contain files that we do..
+	 */
+	if (!exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
+		if (dtype != DT_DIR)
+			return path_ignored;
+	}
+
+	switch (dtype) {
+	default:
+		return path_ignored;
+	case DT_DIR:
+		memcpy(path + *len, "/", 2);
+		(*len)++;
+		switch (treat_directory(dir, path, *len, simplify)) {
+		case show_directory:
+			if (exclude != !!(dir->flags
+					  & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
+				return path_ignored;
+			break;
+		case recurse_into_directory:
+			return path_recurse;
+		case ignore_directory:
+			return path_ignored;
+		}
+		break;
+	case DT_REG:
+	case DT_LNK:
+		break;
+	}
+	return path_handled;
+}
+
+static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      struct dirent *de,
+				      char *path, int path_max,
+				      int baselen,
+				      const struct path_simplify *simplify,
+				      int *len)
+{
+	int dtype;
+
+	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
+		return path_ignored;
+	*len = strlen(de->d_name);
+	/* Ignore overly long pathnames! */
+	if (*len + baselen + 8 > path_max)
+		return path_ignored;
+	memcpy(path + baselen, de->d_name, *len + 1);
+	*len += baselen;
+	if (simplify_away(path, *len, simplify))
+		return path_ignored;
+
+	dtype = DTYPE(de);
+	return treat_one_path(dir, path, len, simplify, dtype, de);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a directory tree. We currently ignore anything but
+ * directories, regular files and symlinks. That's because git
+ * doesn't handle them at all yet. Maybe that will change some
+ * day.
+ *
+ * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
+ * That likely will not change.
+ */
+static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				    const char *base, int baselen,
+				    int check_only,
+				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	DIR *fdir = opendir(*base ? base : ".");
+	int contents = 0;
+
+	if (fdir) {
+		struct dirent *de;
+		char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+		memcpy(path, base, baselen);
+
+		while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
+			int len;
+			switch (treat_path(dir, de, path, sizeof(path),
+					   baselen, simplify, &len)) {
+			case path_recurse:
+				contents += read_directory_recursive
+					(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
+				continue;
+			case path_ignored:
+				continue;
+			case path_handled:
+				break;
+			}
+			contents++;
+			if (check_only)
+				goto exit_early;
+			else
+				dir_add_name(dir, path, len);
+		}
+exit_early:
+		closedir(fdir);
+	}
+
+	return contents;
+}
+
+static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	const struct dir_entry *e1 = *(const struct dir_entry **)p1;
+	const struct dir_entry *e2 = *(const struct dir_entry **)p2;
+
+	return cache_name_compare(e1->name, e1->len,
+				  e2->name, e2->len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
+ */
+static int simple_length(const char *match)
+{
+	int len = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *match++;
+		len++;
+		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
+			return len;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct path_simplify *create_simplify(const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int nr, alloc = 0;
+	struct path_simplify *simplify = NULL;
+
+	if (!pathspec)
+		return NULL;
+
+	for (nr = 0 ; ; nr++) {
+		const char *match;
+		if (nr >= alloc) {
+			alloc = alloc_nr(alloc);
+			simplify = xrealloc(simplify, alloc * sizeof(*simplify));
+		}
+		match = *pathspec++;
+		if (!match)
+			break;
+		simplify[nr].path = match;
+		simplify[nr].len = simple_length(match);
+	}
+	simplify[nr].path = NULL;
+	simplify[nr].len = 0;
+	return simplify;
+}
+
+static void free_simplify(struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	free(simplify);
+}
+
+static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			      const char *path, int len,
+			      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+{
+	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
+	int baselen, blen;
+	const char *cp;
+
+	while (len && path[len - 1] == '/')
+		len--;
+	if (!len)
+		return 1;
+	baselen = 0;
+	while (1) {
+		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
+		cp = memchr(cp, '/', path + len - cp);
+		if (!cp)
+			baselen = len;
+		else
+			baselen = cp - path;
+		memcpy(pathbuf, path, baselen);
+		pathbuf[baselen] = '\0';
+		if (!is_directory(pathbuf))
+			return 0;
+		if (simplify_away(pathbuf, baselen, simplify))
+			return 0;
+		blen = baselen;
+		if (treat_one_path(dir, pathbuf, &blen, simplify,
+				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
+			return 0; /* do not recurse into it */
+		if (len <= baselen)
+			return 1; /* finished checking */
+	}
+}
+
+int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	struct path_simplify *simplify;
+
+	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
+		return dir->nr;
+
+	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
+	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
+		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
+	free_simplify(simplify);
+	qsort(dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
+	qsort(dir->ignored, dir->ignored_nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
+	return dir->nr;
+}
+
+int file_exists(const char *f)
+{
+	struct stat sb;
+	return lstat(f, &sb) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get_relative_cwd() gets the prefix of the current working directory
+ * relative to 'dir'.  If we are not inside 'dir', it returns NULL.
+ *
+ * As a convenience, it also returns NULL if 'dir' is already NULL.  The
+ * reason for this behaviour is that it is natural for functions returning
+ * directory names to return NULL to say "this directory does not exist"
+ * or "this directory is invalid".  These cases are usually handled the
+ * same as if the cwd is not inside 'dir' at all, so get_relative_cwd()
+ * returns NULL for both of them.
+ *
+ * Most notably, get_relative_cwd(buffer, size, get_git_work_tree())
+ * unifies the handling of "outside work tree" with "no work tree at all".
+ */
+char *get_relative_cwd(char *buffer, int size, const char *dir)
+{
+	char *cwd = buffer;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!getcwd(buffer, size))
+		die_errno("can't find the current directory");
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(dir))
+		dir = make_absolute_path(dir);
+
+	while (*dir && *dir == *cwd) {
+		dir++;
+		cwd++;
+	}
+	if (*dir)
+		return NULL;
+	if (*cwd == '/')
+		return cwd + 1;
+	return cwd;
+}
+
+int is_inside_dir(const char *dir)
+{
+	char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+	return get_relative_cwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer), dir) != NULL;
+}
+
+int is_empty_dir(const char *path)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int ret = 1;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return 0;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+		if (!is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name)) {
+			ret = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+	closedir(dir);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int ret = 0, original_len = path->len, len;
+	int only_empty = (flag & REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
+	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
+
+	if ((flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
+	    !resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head))
+		/* Do not descend and nuke a nested git work tree. */
+		return 0;
+
+	dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+
+	len = path->len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			; /* fall thru */
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (!remove_dir_recursively(path, only_empty))
+				continue; /* happy */
+		} else if (!only_empty && !unlink(path->buf))
+			continue; /* happy, too */
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		ret = -1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = rmdir(path->buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir)
+{
+	const char *path;
+
+	dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+	path = git_path("info/exclude");
+	if (!access(path, R_OK))
+		add_excludes_from_file(dir, path);
+	if (excludes_file && !access(excludes_file, R_OK))
+		add_excludes_from_file(dir, excludes_file);
+}
+
+int remove_path(const char *name)
+{
+	char *slash;
+
+	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT)
+		return -1;
+
+	slash = strrchr(name, '/');
+	if (slash) {
+		char *dirs = xstrdup(name);
+		slash = dirs + (slash - name);
+		do {
+			*slash = '\0';
+		} while (rmdir(dirs) && (slash = strrchr(dirs, '/')));
+		free(dirs);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bead5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#ifndef DIR_H
+#define DIR_H
+
+struct dir_entry {
+	unsigned int len;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define EXC_FLAG_NODIR 1
+#define EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD 2
+#define EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
+#define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
+
+struct exclude_list {
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	struct exclude {
+		const char *pattern;
+		int patternlen;
+		const char *base;
+		int baselen;
+		int to_exclude;
+		int flags;
+	} **excludes;
+};
+
+struct exclude_stack {
+	struct exclude_stack *prev;
+	char *filebuf;
+	int baselen;
+	int exclude_ix;
+};
+
+struct dir_struct {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	int ignored_nr, ignored_alloc;
+	enum {
+		DIR_SHOW_IGNORED = 1<<0,
+		DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES = 1<<1,
+		DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES = 1<<2,
+		DIR_NO_GITLINKS = 1<<3,
+		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4
+	} flags;
+	struct dir_entry **entries;
+	struct dir_entry **ignored;
+
+	/* Exclude info */
+	const char *exclude_per_dir;
+	struct exclude_list exclude_list[3];
+	/*
+	 * We maintain three exclude pattern lists:
+	 * EXC_CMDL lists patterns explicitly given on the command line.
+	 * EXC_DIRS lists patterns obtained from per-directory ignore files.
+	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files.
+	 */
+#define EXC_CMDL 0
+#define EXC_DIRS 1
+#define EXC_FILE 2
+
+	struct exclude_stack *exclude_stack;
+	char basebuf[PATH_MAX];
+};
+
+#define MATCHED_RECURSIVELY 1
+#define MATCHED_FNMATCH 2
+#define MATCHED_EXACTLY 3
+extern int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen, int prefix, char *seen);
+
+extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec);
+extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec);
+
+extern int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+			      int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
+extern int excluded(struct dir_struct *, const char *, int *);
+extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
+					  char **buf_p, struct exclude_list *which, int check_index);
+extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
+extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
+			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
+extern int file_exists(const char *);
+
+extern char *get_relative_cwd(char *buffer, int size, const char *dir);
+extern int is_inside_dir(const char *dir);
+
+static inline int is_dot_or_dotdot(const char *name)
+{
+	return (name[0] == '.' &&
+		(name[1] == '\0' ||
+		 (name[1] == '.' && name[2] == '\0')));
+}
+
+extern int is_empty_dir(const char *dir);
+
+extern void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir);
+
+#define REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY 01
+#define REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT 02
+extern int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag);
+
+/* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
+extern int remove_path(const char *path);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d834003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+#ifndef DEFAULT_EDITOR
+#define DEFAULT_EDITOR "vi"
+#endif
+
+const char *git_editor(void)
+{
+	const char *editor = getenv("GIT_EDITOR");
+	const char *terminal = getenv("TERM");
+	int terminal_is_dumb = !terminal || !strcmp(terminal, "dumb");
+
+	if (!editor && editor_program)
+		editor = editor_program;
+	if (!editor && !terminal_is_dumb)
+		editor = getenv("VISUAL");
+	if (!editor)
+		editor = getenv("EDITOR");
+
+	if (!editor && terminal_is_dumb)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!editor)
+		editor = DEFAULT_EDITOR;
+
+	return editor;
+}
+
+int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *env)
+{
+	const char *editor = git_editor();
+
+	if (!editor)
+		return error("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
+
+	if (strcmp(editor, ":")) {
+		const char *args[] = { editor, path, NULL };
+
+		if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env))
+			return error("There was a problem with the editor '%s'.",
+					editor);
+	}
+
+	if (!buffer)
+		return 0;
+	if (strbuf_read_file(buffer, path, 0) < 0)
+		return error("could not read file '%s': %s",
+				path, strerror(errno));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..004182c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static void create_directories(const char *path, int path_len,
+			       const struct checkout *state)
+{
+	char *buf = xmalloc(path_len + 1);
+	int len = 0;
+
+	while (len < path_len) {
+		do {
+			buf[len] = path[len];
+			len++;
+		} while (len < path_len && path[len] != '/');
+		if (len >= path_len)
+			break;
+		buf[len] = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * For 'checkout-index --prefix=<dir>', <dir> is
+		 * allowed to be a symlink to an existing directory,
+		 * and we set 'state->base_dir_len' below, such that
+		 * we test the path components of the prefix with the
+		 * stat() function instead of the lstat() function.
+		 */
+		if (has_dirs_only_path(buf, len, state->base_dir_len))
+			continue; /* ok, it is already a directory. */
+
+		/*
+		 * If this mkdir() would fail, it could be that there
+		 * is already a symlink or something else exists
+		 * there, therefore we then try to unlink it and try
+		 * one more time to create the directory.
+		 */
+		if (mkdir(buf, 0777)) {
+			if (errno == EEXIST && state->force &&
+			    !unlink_or_warn(buf) && !mkdir(buf, 0777))
+				continue;
+			die_errno("cannot create directory at '%s'", buf);
+		}
+	}
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static void remove_subtree(const char *path)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	struct dirent *de;
+	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
+	char *name;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path);
+	strcpy(pathbuf, path);
+	name = pathbuf + strlen(path);
+	*name++ = '/';
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
+			continue;
+		strcpy(name, de->d_name);
+		if (lstat(pathbuf, &st))
+			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", pathbuf);
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+			remove_subtree(pathbuf);
+		else if (unlink(pathbuf))
+			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", pathbuf);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	if (rmdir(path))
+		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path);
+}
+
+static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
+{
+	mode = (mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666;
+	return open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
+}
+
+static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *new = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, size);
+
+	if (new) {
+		if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
+			return new;
+		free(new);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
+{
+	unsigned int ce_mode_s_ifmt = ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT;
+	int fd, ret, fstat_done = 0;
+	char *new;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned long size;
+	size_t wrote, newsize = 0;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	switch (ce_mode_s_ifmt) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		new = read_blob_entry(ce, &size);
+		if (!new)
+			return error("git checkout-index: unable to read sha1 file of %s (%s)",
+				path, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+
+		if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFLNK && has_symlinks && !to_tempfile) {
+			ret = symlink(new, path);
+			free(new);
+			if (ret)
+				return error("git checkout-index: unable to create symlink %s (%s)",
+					     path, strerror(errno));
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Convert from git internal format to working tree format
+		 */
+		if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG &&
+		    convert_to_working_tree(ce->name, new, size, &buf)) {
+			free(new);
+			new = strbuf_detach(&buf, &newsize);
+			size = newsize;
+		}
+
+		if (to_tempfile) {
+			if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG)
+				strcpy(path, ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
+			else
+				strcpy(path, ".merge_link_XXXXXX");
+			fd = mkstemp(path);
+		} else if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG) {
+			fd = create_file(path, ce->ce_mode);
+		} else {
+			fd = create_file(path, 0666);
+		}
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			free(new);
+			return error("git checkout-index: unable to create file %s (%s)",
+				path, strerror(errno));
+		}
+
+		wrote = write_in_full(fd, new, size);
+		/* use fstat() only when path == ce->name */
+		if (fstat_is_reliable() &&
+		    state->refresh_cache && !to_tempfile && !state->base_dir_len) {
+			fstat(fd, &st);
+			fstat_done = 1;
+		}
+		close(fd);
+		free(new);
+		if (wrote != size)
+			return error("git checkout-index: unable to write file %s", path);
+		break;
+	case S_IFGITLINK:
+		if (to_tempfile)
+			return error("git checkout-index: cannot create temporary subproject %s", path);
+		if (mkdir(path, 0777) < 0)
+			return error("git checkout-index: cannot create subproject directory %s", path);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return error("git checkout-index: unknown file mode for %s", path);
+	}
+
+	if (state->refresh_cache) {
+		if (!fstat_done)
+			lstat(ce->name, &st);
+		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is like 'lstat()', except it refuses to follow symlinks
+ * in the path, after skipping "skiplen".
+ */
+static int check_path(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st, int skiplen)
+{
+	const char *slash = path + len;
+
+	while (path < slash && *slash != '/')
+		slash--;
+	if (!has_dirs_only_path(path, slash - path, skiplen)) {
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return lstat(path, st);
+}
+
+int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
+{
+	static char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	struct stat st;
+	int len = state->base_dir_len;
+
+	if (topath)
+		return write_entry(ce, topath, state, 1);
+
+	memcpy(path, state->base_dir, len);
+	strcpy(path + len, ce->name);
+	len += ce_namelen(ce);
+
+	if (!check_path(path, len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
+		unsigned changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+		if (!changed)
+			return 0;
+		if (!state->force) {
+			if (!state->quiet)
+				fprintf(stderr, "git-checkout-index: %s already exists\n", path);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We unlink the old file, to get the new one with the
+		 * right permissions (including umask, which is nasty
+		 * to emulate by hand - much easier to let the system
+		 * just do the right thing)
+		 */
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			/* If it is a gitlink, leave it alone! */
+			if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				return 0;
+			if (!state->force)
+				return error("%s is a directory", path);
+			remove_subtree(path);
+		} else if (unlink(path))
+			return error("unable to unlink old '%s' (%s)", path, strerror(errno));
+	} else if (state->not_new)
+		return 0;
+	create_directories(path, len, state);
+	return write_entry(ce, path, state, 0);
+}
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..739ec27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * We put all the git config variables in this same object
+ * file, so that programs can link against the config parser
+ * without having to link against all the rest of git.
+ *
+ * In particular, no need to bring in libz etc unless needed,
+ * even if you might want to know where the git directory etc
+ * are.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+
+char git_default_email[MAX_GITNAME];
+char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
+int user_ident_explicitly_given;
+int trust_executable_bit = 1;
+int trust_ctime = 1;
+int has_symlinks = 1;
+int ignore_case;
+int assume_unchanged;
+int prefer_symlink_refs;
+int is_bare_repository_cfg = -1; /* unspecified */
+int log_all_ref_updates = -1; /* unspecified */
+int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
+int repository_format_version;
+const char *git_commit_encoding;
+const char *git_log_output_encoding;
+int shared_repository = PERM_UMASK;
+const char *apply_default_whitespace;
+const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
+int zlib_compression_level = Z_BEST_SPEED;
+int core_compression_level;
+int core_compression_seen;
+int fsync_object_files;
+size_t packed_git_window_size = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_WINDOW_SIZE;
+size_t packed_git_limit = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT;
+size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+const char *pager_program;
+int pager_use_color = 1;
+const char *editor_program;
+const char *excludes_file;
+int auto_crlf = 0;	/* 1: both ways, -1: only when adding git objects */
+int read_replace_refs = 1;
+enum safe_crlf safe_crlf = SAFE_CRLF_WARN;
+unsigned whitespace_rule_cfg = WS_DEFAULT_RULE;
+enum branch_track git_branch_track = BRANCH_TRACK_REMOTE;
+enum rebase_setup_type autorebase = AUTOREBASE_NEVER;
+enum push_default_type push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING;
+#ifndef OBJECT_CREATION_MODE
+#define OBJECT_CREATION_MODE OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS
+#endif
+enum object_creation_mode object_creation_mode = OBJECT_CREATION_MODE;
+char *notes_ref_name;
+int grafts_replace_parents = 1;
+int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
+
+/* Parallel index stat data preload? */
+int core_preload_index = 0;
+
+/* This is set by setup_git_dir_gently() and/or git_default_config() */
+char *git_work_tree_cfg;
+static char *work_tree;
+
+static const char *git_dir;
+static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_refs_dir, *git_graft_file;
+
+static void setup_git_env(void)
+{
+	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!git_dir)
+		git_dir = read_gitfile_gently(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!git_dir)
+		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+	git_object_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!git_object_dir) {
+		git_object_dir = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 9);
+		sprintf(git_object_dir, "%s/objects", git_dir);
+	}
+	git_refs_dir = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 6);
+	sprintf(git_refs_dir, "%s/refs", git_dir);
+	git_index_file = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!git_index_file) {
+		git_index_file = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 7);
+		sprintf(git_index_file, "%s/index", git_dir);
+	}
+	git_graft_file = getenv(GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!git_graft_file)
+		git_graft_file = git_pathdup("info/grafts");
+	if (getenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT))
+		read_replace_refs = 0;
+}
+
+int is_bare_repository(void)
+{
+	/* if core.bare is not 'false', let's see if there is a work tree */
+	return is_bare_repository_cfg && !get_git_work_tree();
+}
+
+int have_git_dir(void)
+{
+	return !!git_dir;
+}
+
+const char *get_git_dir(void)
+{
+	if (!git_dir)
+		setup_git_env();
+	return git_dir;
+}
+
+static int git_work_tree_initialized;
+
+/*
+ * Note.  This works only before you used a work tree.  This was added
+ * primarily to support git-clone to work in a new repository it just
+ * created, and is not meant to flip between different work trees.
+ */
+void set_git_work_tree(const char *new_work_tree)
+{
+	if (is_bare_repository_cfg >= 0)
+		die("cannot set work tree after initialization");
+	git_work_tree_initialized = 1;
+	free(work_tree);
+	work_tree = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(new_work_tree));
+	is_bare_repository_cfg = 0;
+}
+
+const char *get_git_work_tree(void)
+{
+	if (!git_work_tree_initialized) {
+		work_tree = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
+		/* core.bare = true overrides implicit and config work tree */
+		if (!work_tree && is_bare_repository_cfg < 1) {
+			work_tree = git_work_tree_cfg;
+			/* make_absolute_path also normalizes the path */
+			if (work_tree && !is_absolute_path(work_tree))
+				work_tree = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(git_path("%s", work_tree)));
+		} else if (work_tree)
+			work_tree = xstrdup(make_absolute_path(work_tree));
+		git_work_tree_initialized = 1;
+		if (work_tree)
+			is_bare_repository_cfg = 0;
+	}
+	return work_tree;
+}
+
+char *get_object_directory(void)
+{
+	if (!git_object_dir)
+		setup_git_env();
+	return git_object_dir;
+}
+
+char *get_index_file(void)
+{
+	if (!git_index_file)
+		setup_git_env();
+	return git_index_file;
+}
+
+char *get_graft_file(void)
+{
+	if (!git_graft_file)
+		setup_git_env();
+	return git_graft_file;
+}
+
+int set_git_dir(const char *path)
+{
+	if (setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, path, 1))
+		return error("Could not set GIT_DIR to '%s'", path);
+	setup_git_env();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/exec_cmd.c b/exec_cmd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..408e4e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exec_cmd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#define MAX_ARGS	32
+
+extern char **environ;
+static const char *argv_exec_path;
+static const char *argv0_path;
+
+const char *system_path(const char *path)
+{
+#ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
+	static const char *prefix;
+#else
+	static const char *prefix = PREFIX;
+#endif
+	struct strbuf d = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (is_absolute_path(path))
+		return path;
+
+#ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
+	assert(argv0_path);
+	assert(is_absolute_path(argv0_path));
+
+	if (!prefix &&
+	    !(prefix = strip_path_suffix(argv0_path, GIT_EXEC_PATH)) &&
+	    !(prefix = strip_path_suffix(argv0_path, BINDIR)) &&
+	    !(prefix = strip_path_suffix(argv0_path, "git"))) {
+		prefix = PREFIX;
+		fprintf(stderr, "RUNTIME_PREFIX requested, "
+				"but prefix computation failed.  "
+				"Using static fallback '%s'.\n", prefix);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	strbuf_addf(&d, "%s/%s", prefix, path);
+	path = strbuf_detach(&d, NULL);
+	return path;
+}
+
+const char *git_extract_argv0_path(const char *argv0)
+{
+	const char *slash;
+
+	if (!argv0 || !*argv0)
+		return NULL;
+	slash = argv0 + strlen(argv0);
+
+	while (argv0 <= slash && !is_dir_sep(*slash))
+		slash--;
+
+	if (slash >= argv0) {
+		argv0_path = xstrndup(argv0, slash - argv0);
+		return slash + 1;
+	}
+
+	return argv0;
+}
+
+void git_set_argv_exec_path(const char *exec_path)
+{
+	argv_exec_path = exec_path;
+	/*
+	 * Propagate this setting to external programs.
+	 */
+	setenv(EXEC_PATH_ENVIRONMENT, exec_path, 1);
+}
+
+
+/* Returns the highest-priority, location to look for git programs. */
+const char *git_exec_path(void)
+{
+	const char *env;
+
+	if (argv_exec_path)
+		return argv_exec_path;
+
+	env = getenv(EXEC_PATH_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (env && *env) {
+		return env;
+	}
+
+	return system_path(GIT_EXEC_PATH);
+}
+
+static void add_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *path)
+{
+	if (path && *path) {
+		if (is_absolute_path(path))
+			strbuf_addstr(out, path);
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(out, make_nonrelative_path(path));
+
+		strbuf_addch(out, PATH_SEP);
+	}
+}
+
+void setup_path(void)
+{
+	const char *old_path = getenv("PATH");
+	struct strbuf new_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	add_path(&new_path, git_exec_path());
+	add_path(&new_path, argv0_path);
+
+	if (old_path)
+		strbuf_addstr(&new_path, old_path);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&new_path, "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin");
+
+	setenv("PATH", new_path.buf, 1);
+
+	strbuf_release(&new_path);
+}
+
+const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv)
+{
+	int argc;
+	const char **nargv;
+
+	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
+		; /* just counting */
+	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(*nargv) * (argc + 2));
+
+	nargv[0] = "git";
+	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
+		nargv[argc + 1] = argv[argc];
+	nargv[argc + 1] = NULL;
+	return nargv;
+}
+
+int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv) {
+	const char **nargv = prepare_git_cmd(argv);
+	trace_argv_printf(nargv, "trace: exec:");
+
+	/* execvp() can only ever return if it fails */
+	execvp("git", (char **)nargv);
+
+	trace_printf("trace: exec failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+	free(nargv);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+
+int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd,...)
+{
+	int argc;
+	const char *argv[MAX_ARGS + 1];
+	const char *arg;
+	va_list param;
+
+	va_start(param, cmd);
+	argv[0] = cmd;
+	argc = 1;
+	while (argc < MAX_ARGS) {
+		arg = argv[argc++] = va_arg(param, char *);
+		if (!arg)
+			break;
+	}
+	va_end(param);
+	if (MAX_ARGS <= argc)
+		return error("too many args to run %s", cmd);
+
+	argv[argc] = NULL;
+	return execv_git_cmd(argv);
+}
diff --git a/exec_cmd.h b/exec_cmd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2b546b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exec_cmd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef GIT_EXEC_CMD_H
+#define GIT_EXEC_CMD_H
+
+extern void git_set_argv_exec_path(const char *exec_path);
+extern const char *git_extract_argv0_path(const char *path);
+extern const char *git_exec_path(void);
+extern void setup_path(void);
+extern const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv);
+extern int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv); /* NULL terminated */
+extern int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd, ...);
+extern const char *system_path(const char *path);
+
+#endif /* GIT_EXEC_CMD_H */
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b477dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3027 @@
+/*
+(See Documentation/git-fast-import.txt for maintained documentation.)
+Format of STDIN stream:
+
+  stream ::= cmd*;
+
+  cmd ::= new_blob
+        | new_commit
+        | new_tag
+        | reset_branch
+        | checkpoint
+        | progress
+        ;
+
+  new_blob ::= 'blob' lf
+    mark?
+    file_content;
+  file_content ::= data;
+
+  new_commit ::= 'commit' sp ref_str lf
+    mark?
+    ('author' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
+    'committer' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf
+    commit_msg
+    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    ('merge' sp committish lf)*
+    file_change*
+    lf?;
+  commit_msg ::= data;
+
+  file_change ::= file_clr
+    | file_del
+    | file_rnm
+    | file_cpy
+    | file_obm
+    | file_inm;
+  file_clr ::= 'deleteall' lf;
+  file_del ::= 'D' sp path_str lf;
+  file_rnm ::= 'R' sp path_str sp path_str lf;
+  file_cpy ::= 'C' sp path_str sp path_str lf;
+  file_obm ::= 'M' sp mode sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
+  file_inm ::= 'M' sp mode sp 'inline' sp path_str lf
+    data;
+  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp committish lf;
+  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp committish lf
+    data;
+
+  new_tag ::= 'tag' sp tag_str lf
+    'from' sp committish lf
+    ('tagger' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
+    tag_msg;
+  tag_msg ::= data;
+
+  reset_branch ::= 'reset' sp ref_str lf
+    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    lf?;
+
+  checkpoint ::= 'checkpoint' lf
+    lf?;
+
+  progress ::= 'progress' sp not_lf* lf
+    lf?;
+
+     # note: the first idnum in a stream should be 1 and subsequent
+     # idnums should not have gaps between values as this will cause
+     # the stream parser to reserve space for the gapped values.  An
+     # idnum can be updated in the future to a new object by issuing
+     # a new mark directive with the old idnum.
+     #
+  mark ::= 'mark' sp idnum lf;
+  data ::= (delimited_data | exact_data)
+    lf?;
+
+    # note: delim may be any string but must not contain lf.
+    # data_line may contain any data but must not be exactly
+    # delim.
+  delimited_data ::= 'data' sp '<<' delim lf
+    (data_line lf)*
+    delim lf;
+
+     # note: declen indicates the length of binary_data in bytes.
+     # declen does not include the lf preceding the binary data.
+     #
+  exact_data ::= 'data' sp declen lf
+    binary_data;
+
+     # note: quoted strings are C-style quoting supporting \c for
+     # common escapes of 'c' (e..g \n, \t, \\, \") or \nnn where nnn
+     # is the signed byte value in octal.  Note that the only
+     # characters which must actually be escaped to protect the
+     # stream formatting is: \, " and LF.  Otherwise these values
+     # are UTF8.
+     #
+  committish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
+  ref_str     ::= ref;
+  sha1exp_str ::= sha1exp;
+  tag_str     ::= tag;
+  path_str    ::= path    | '"' quoted(path)    '"' ;
+  mode        ::= '100644' | '644'
+                | '100755' | '755'
+                | '120000'
+                ;
+
+  declen ::= # unsigned 32 bit value, ascii base10 notation;
+  bigint ::= # unsigned integer value, ascii base10 notation;
+  binary_data ::= # file content, not interpreted;
+
+  when         ::= raw_when | rfc2822_when;
+  raw_when     ::= ts sp tz;
+  rfc2822_when ::= # Valid RFC 2822 date and time;
+
+  sp ::= # ASCII space character;
+  lf ::= # ASCII newline (LF) character;
+
+     # note: a colon (':') must precede the numerical value assigned to
+     # an idnum.  This is to distinguish it from a ref or tag name as
+     # GIT does not permit ':' in ref or tag strings.
+     #
+  idnum   ::= ':' bigint;
+  path    ::= # GIT style file path, e.g. "a/b/c";
+  ref     ::= # GIT ref name, e.g. "refs/heads/MOZ_GECKO_EXPERIMENT";
+  tag     ::= # GIT tag name, e.g. "FIREFOX_1_5";
+  sha1exp ::= # Any valid GIT SHA1 expression;
+  hexsha1 ::= # SHA1 in hexadecimal format;
+
+     # note: name and email are UTF8 strings, however name must not
+     # contain '<' or lf and email must not contain any of the
+     # following: '<', '>', lf.
+     #
+  name  ::= # valid GIT author/committer name;
+  email ::= # valid GIT author/committer email;
+  ts    ::= # time since the epoch in seconds, ascii base10 notation;
+  tz    ::= # GIT style timezone;
+
+     # note: comments may appear anywhere in the input, except
+     # within a data command.  Any form of the data command
+     # always escapes the related input from comment processing.
+     #
+     # In case it is not clear, the '#' that starts the comment
+     # must be the first character on that line (an lf
+     # preceded it).
+     #
+  comment ::= '#' not_lf* lf;
+  not_lf  ::= # Any byte that is not ASCII newline (LF);
+*/
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "csum-file.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+#define PACK_ID_BITS 16
+#define MAX_PACK_ID ((1<<PACK_ID_BITS)-1)
+#define DEPTH_BITS 13
+#define MAX_DEPTH ((1<<DEPTH_BITS)-1)
+
+struct object_entry
+{
+	struct object_entry *next;
+	uint32_t offset;
+	uint32_t type : TYPE_BITS,
+		pack_id : PACK_ID_BITS,
+		depth : DEPTH_BITS;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
+struct object_entry_pool
+{
+	struct object_entry_pool *next_pool;
+	struct object_entry *next_free;
+	struct object_entry *end;
+	struct object_entry entries[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct mark_set
+{
+	union {
+		struct object_entry *marked[1024];
+		struct mark_set *sets[1024];
+	} data;
+	unsigned int shift;
+};
+
+struct last_object
+{
+	struct strbuf data;
+	uint32_t offset;
+	unsigned int depth;
+	unsigned no_swap : 1;
+};
+
+struct mem_pool
+{
+	struct mem_pool *next_pool;
+	char *next_free;
+	char *end;
+	uintmax_t space[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct atom_str
+{
+	struct atom_str *next_atom;
+	unsigned short str_len;
+	char str_dat[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct tree_content;
+struct tree_entry
+{
+	struct tree_content *tree;
+	struct atom_str *name;
+	struct tree_entry_ms
+	{
+		uint16_t mode;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+	} versions[2];
+};
+
+struct tree_content
+{
+	unsigned int entry_capacity; /* must match avail_tree_content */
+	unsigned int entry_count;
+	unsigned int delta_depth;
+	struct tree_entry *entries[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct avail_tree_content
+{
+	unsigned int entry_capacity; /* must match tree_content */
+	struct avail_tree_content *next_avail;
+};
+
+struct branch
+{
+	struct branch *table_next_branch;
+	struct branch *active_next_branch;
+	const char *name;
+	struct tree_entry branch_tree;
+	uintmax_t last_commit;
+	uintmax_t num_notes;
+	unsigned active : 1;
+	unsigned pack_id : PACK_ID_BITS;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
+struct tag
+{
+	struct tag *next_tag;
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned int pack_id;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
+struct hash_list
+{
+	struct hash_list *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
+typedef enum {
+	WHENSPEC_RAW = 1,
+	WHENSPEC_RFC2822,
+	WHENSPEC_NOW,
+} whenspec_type;
+
+struct recent_command
+{
+	struct recent_command *prev;
+	struct recent_command *next;
+	char *buf;
+};
+
+/* Configured limits on output */
+static unsigned long max_depth = 10;
+static off_t max_packsize = (1LL << 32) - 1;
+static uintmax_t big_file_threshold = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
+static int force_update;
+static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+static int pack_compression_seen;
+
+/* Stats and misc. counters */
+static uintmax_t alloc_count;
+static uintmax_t marks_set_count;
+static uintmax_t object_count_by_type[1 << TYPE_BITS];
+static uintmax_t duplicate_count_by_type[1 << TYPE_BITS];
+static uintmax_t delta_count_by_type[1 << TYPE_BITS];
+static unsigned long object_count;
+static unsigned long branch_count;
+static unsigned long branch_load_count;
+static int failure;
+static FILE *pack_edges;
+static unsigned int show_stats = 1;
+static int global_argc;
+static const char **global_argv;
+
+/* Memory pools */
+static size_t mem_pool_alloc = 2*1024*1024 - sizeof(struct mem_pool);
+static size_t total_allocd;
+static struct mem_pool *mem_pool;
+
+/* Atom management */
+static unsigned int atom_table_sz = 4451;
+static unsigned int atom_cnt;
+static struct atom_str **atom_table;
+
+/* The .pack file being generated */
+static unsigned int pack_id;
+static struct packed_git *pack_data;
+static struct packed_git **all_packs;
+static unsigned long pack_size;
+
+/* Table of objects we've written. */
+static unsigned int object_entry_alloc = 5000;
+static struct object_entry_pool *blocks;
+static struct object_entry *object_table[1 << 16];
+static struct mark_set *marks;
+static const char *export_marks_file;
+static const char *import_marks_file;
+static int import_marks_file_from_stream;
+static int relative_marks_paths;
+
+/* Our last blob */
+static struct last_object last_blob = { STRBUF_INIT, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+/* Tree management */
+static unsigned int tree_entry_alloc = 1000;
+static void *avail_tree_entry;
+static unsigned int avail_tree_table_sz = 100;
+static struct avail_tree_content **avail_tree_table;
+static struct strbuf old_tree = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf new_tree = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+/* Branch data */
+static unsigned long max_active_branches = 5;
+static unsigned long cur_active_branches;
+static unsigned long branch_table_sz = 1039;
+static struct branch **branch_table;
+static struct branch *active_branches;
+
+/* Tag data */
+static struct tag *first_tag;
+static struct tag *last_tag;
+
+/* Input stream parsing */
+static whenspec_type whenspec = WHENSPEC_RAW;
+static struct strbuf command_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+static int unread_command_buf;
+static struct recent_command cmd_hist = {&cmd_hist, &cmd_hist, NULL};
+static struct recent_command *cmd_tail = &cmd_hist;
+static struct recent_command *rc_free;
+static unsigned int cmd_save = 100;
+static uintmax_t next_mark;
+static struct strbuf new_data = STRBUF_INIT;
+static int seen_data_command;
+
+static void parse_argv(void);
+
+static void write_branch_report(FILE *rpt, struct branch *b)
+{
+	fprintf(rpt, "%s:\n", b->name);
+
+	fprintf(rpt, "  status      :");
+	if (b->active)
+		fputs(" active", rpt);
+	if (b->branch_tree.tree)
+		fputs(" loaded", rpt);
+	if (is_null_sha1(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1))
+		fputs(" dirty", rpt);
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+
+	fprintf(rpt, "  tip commit  : %s\n", sha1_to_hex(b->sha1));
+	fprintf(rpt, "  old tree    : %s\n", sha1_to_hex(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1));
+	fprintf(rpt, "  cur tree    : %s\n", sha1_to_hex(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1));
+	fprintf(rpt, "  commit clock: %" PRIuMAX "\n", b->last_commit);
+
+	fputs("  last pack   : ", rpt);
+	if (b->pack_id < MAX_PACK_ID)
+		fprintf(rpt, "%u", b->pack_id);
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+}
+
+static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *, uintmax_t, struct mark_set *);
+
+static void write_crash_report(const char *err)
+{
+	char *loc = git_path("fast_import_crash_%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t) getpid());
+	FILE *rpt = fopen(loc, "w");
+	struct branch *b;
+	unsigned long lu;
+	struct recent_command *rc;
+
+	if (!rpt) {
+		error("can't write crash report %s: %s", loc, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "fast-import: dumping crash report to %s\n", loc);
+
+	fprintf(rpt, "fast-import crash report:\n");
+	fprintf(rpt, "    fast-import process: %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) getpid());
+	fprintf(rpt, "    parent process     : %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t) getppid());
+	fprintf(rpt, "    at %s\n", show_date(time(NULL), 0, DATE_LOCAL));
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+
+	fputs("fatal: ", rpt);
+	fputs(err, rpt);
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+	fputs("Most Recent Commands Before Crash\n", rpt);
+	fputs("---------------------------------\n", rpt);
+	for (rc = cmd_hist.next; rc != &cmd_hist; rc = rc->next) {
+		if (rc->next == &cmd_hist)
+			fputs("* ", rpt);
+		else
+			fputs("  ", rpt);
+		fputs(rc->buf, rpt);
+		fputc('\n', rpt);
+	}
+
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+	fputs("Active Branch LRU\n", rpt);
+	fputs("-----------------\n", rpt);
+	fprintf(rpt, "    active_branches = %lu cur, %lu max\n",
+		cur_active_branches,
+		max_active_branches);
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+	fputs("  pos  clock name\n", rpt);
+	fputs("  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n", rpt);
+	for (b = active_branches, lu = 0; b; b = b->active_next_branch)
+		fprintf(rpt, "  %2lu) %6" PRIuMAX" %s\n",
+			++lu, b->last_commit, b->name);
+
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+	fputs("Inactive Branches\n", rpt);
+	fputs("-----------------\n", rpt);
+	for (lu = 0; lu < branch_table_sz; lu++) {
+		for (b = branch_table[lu]; b; b = b->table_next_branch)
+			write_branch_report(rpt, b);
+	}
+
+	if (first_tag) {
+		struct tag *tg;
+		fputc('\n', rpt);
+		fputs("Annotated Tags\n", rpt);
+		fputs("--------------\n", rpt);
+		for (tg = first_tag; tg; tg = tg->next_tag) {
+			fputs(sha1_to_hex(tg->sha1), rpt);
+			fputc(' ', rpt);
+			fputs(tg->name, rpt);
+			fputc('\n', rpt);
+		}
+	}
+
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+	fputs("Marks\n", rpt);
+	fputs("-----\n", rpt);
+	if (export_marks_file)
+		fprintf(rpt, "  exported to %s\n", export_marks_file);
+	else
+		dump_marks_helper(rpt, 0, marks);
+
+	fputc('\n', rpt);
+	fputs("-------------------\n", rpt);
+	fputs("END OF CRASH REPORT\n", rpt);
+	fclose(rpt);
+}
+
+static void end_packfile(void);
+static void unkeep_all_packs(void);
+static void dump_marks(void);
+
+static NORETURN void die_nicely(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	static int zombie;
+	char message[2 * PATH_MAX];
+
+	vsnprintf(message, sizeof(message), err, params);
+	fputs("fatal: ", stderr);
+	fputs(message, stderr);
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+
+	if (!zombie) {
+		zombie = 1;
+		write_crash_report(message);
+		end_packfile();
+		unkeep_all_packs();
+		dump_marks();
+	}
+	exit(128);
+}
+
+static void alloc_objects(unsigned int cnt)
+{
+	struct object_entry_pool *b;
+
+	b = xmalloc(sizeof(struct object_entry_pool)
+		+ cnt * sizeof(struct object_entry));
+	b->next_pool = blocks;
+	b->next_free = b->entries;
+	b->end = b->entries + cnt;
+	blocks = b;
+	alloc_count += cnt;
+}
+
+static struct object_entry *new_object(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_entry *e;
+
+	if (blocks->next_free == blocks->end)
+		alloc_objects(object_entry_alloc);
+
+	e = blocks->next_free++;
+	hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
+	return e;
+}
+
+static struct object_entry *find_object(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned int h = sha1[0] << 8 | sha1[1];
+	struct object_entry *e;
+	for (e = object_table[h]; e; e = e->next)
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, e->sha1))
+			return e;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct object_entry *insert_object(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned int h = sha1[0] << 8 | sha1[1];
+	struct object_entry *e = object_table[h];
+	struct object_entry *p = NULL;
+
+	while (e) {
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, e->sha1))
+			return e;
+		p = e;
+		e = e->next;
+	}
+
+	e = new_object(sha1);
+	e->next = NULL;
+	e->offset = 0;
+	if (p)
+		p->next = e;
+	else
+		object_table[h] = e;
+	return e;
+}
+
+static unsigned int hc_str(const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	unsigned int r = 0;
+	while (len-- > 0)
+		r = r * 31 + *s++;
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void *pool_alloc(size_t len)
+{
+	struct mem_pool *p;
+	void *r;
+
+	/* round up to a 'uintmax_t' alignment */
+	if (len & (sizeof(uintmax_t) - 1))
+		len += sizeof(uintmax_t) - (len & (sizeof(uintmax_t) - 1));
+
+	for (p = mem_pool; p; p = p->next_pool)
+		if ((p->end - p->next_free >= len))
+			break;
+
+	if (!p) {
+		if (len >= (mem_pool_alloc/2)) {
+			total_allocd += len;
+			return xmalloc(len);
+		}
+		total_allocd += sizeof(struct mem_pool) + mem_pool_alloc;
+		p = xmalloc(sizeof(struct mem_pool) + mem_pool_alloc);
+		p->next_pool = mem_pool;
+		p->next_free = (char *) p->space;
+		p->end = p->next_free + mem_pool_alloc;
+		mem_pool = p;
+	}
+
+	r = p->next_free;
+	p->next_free += len;
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void *pool_calloc(size_t count, size_t size)
+{
+	size_t len = count * size;
+	void *r = pool_alloc(len);
+	memset(r, 0, len);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static char *pool_strdup(const char *s)
+{
+	char *r = pool_alloc(strlen(s) + 1);
+	strcpy(r, s);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void insert_mark(uintmax_t idnum, struct object_entry *oe)
+{
+	struct mark_set *s = marks;
+	while ((idnum >> s->shift) >= 1024) {
+		s = pool_calloc(1, sizeof(struct mark_set));
+		s->shift = marks->shift + 10;
+		s->data.sets[0] = marks;
+		marks = s;
+	}
+	while (s->shift) {
+		uintmax_t i = idnum >> s->shift;
+		idnum -= i << s->shift;
+		if (!s->data.sets[i]) {
+			s->data.sets[i] = pool_calloc(1, sizeof(struct mark_set));
+			s->data.sets[i]->shift = s->shift - 10;
+		}
+		s = s->data.sets[i];
+	}
+	if (!s->data.marked[idnum])
+		marks_set_count++;
+	s->data.marked[idnum] = oe;
+}
+
+static struct object_entry *find_mark(uintmax_t idnum)
+{
+	uintmax_t orig_idnum = idnum;
+	struct mark_set *s = marks;
+	struct object_entry *oe = NULL;
+	if ((idnum >> s->shift) < 1024) {
+		while (s && s->shift) {
+			uintmax_t i = idnum >> s->shift;
+			idnum -= i << s->shift;
+			s = s->data.sets[i];
+		}
+		if (s)
+			oe = s->data.marked[idnum];
+	}
+	if (!oe)
+		die("mark :%" PRIuMAX " not declared", orig_idnum);
+	return oe;
+}
+
+static struct atom_str *to_atom(const char *s, unsigned short len)
+{
+	unsigned int hc = hc_str(s, len) % atom_table_sz;
+	struct atom_str *c;
+
+	for (c = atom_table[hc]; c; c = c->next_atom)
+		if (c->str_len == len && !strncmp(s, c->str_dat, len))
+			return c;
+
+	c = pool_alloc(sizeof(struct atom_str) + len + 1);
+	c->str_len = len;
+	strncpy(c->str_dat, s, len);
+	c->str_dat[len] = 0;
+	c->next_atom = atom_table[hc];
+	atom_table[hc] = c;
+	atom_cnt++;
+	return c;
+}
+
+static struct branch *lookup_branch(const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned int hc = hc_str(name, strlen(name)) % branch_table_sz;
+	struct branch *b;
+
+	for (b = branch_table[hc]; b; b = b->table_next_branch)
+		if (!strcmp(name, b->name))
+			return b;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct branch *new_branch(const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned int hc = hc_str(name, strlen(name)) % branch_table_sz;
+	struct branch *b = lookup_branch(name);
+
+	if (b)
+		die("Invalid attempt to create duplicate branch: %s", name);
+	switch (check_ref_format(name)) {
+	case 0: break; /* its valid */
+	case CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL:
+		break; /* valid, but too few '/', allow anyway */
+	default:
+		die("Branch name doesn't conform to GIT standards: %s", name);
+	}
+
+	b = pool_calloc(1, sizeof(struct branch));
+	b->name = pool_strdup(name);
+	b->table_next_branch = branch_table[hc];
+	b->branch_tree.versions[0].mode = S_IFDIR;
+	b->branch_tree.versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
+	b->num_notes = 0;
+	b->active = 0;
+	b->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+	branch_table[hc] = b;
+	branch_count++;
+	return b;
+}
+
+static unsigned int hc_entries(unsigned int cnt)
+{
+	cnt = cnt & 7 ? (cnt / 8) + 1 : cnt / 8;
+	return cnt < avail_tree_table_sz ? cnt : avail_tree_table_sz - 1;
+}
+
+static struct tree_content *new_tree_content(unsigned int cnt)
+{
+	struct avail_tree_content *f, *l = NULL;
+	struct tree_content *t;
+	unsigned int hc = hc_entries(cnt);
+
+	for (f = avail_tree_table[hc]; f; l = f, f = f->next_avail)
+		if (f->entry_capacity >= cnt)
+			break;
+
+	if (f) {
+		if (l)
+			l->next_avail = f->next_avail;
+		else
+			avail_tree_table[hc] = f->next_avail;
+	} else {
+		cnt = cnt & 7 ? ((cnt / 8) + 1) * 8 : cnt;
+		f = pool_alloc(sizeof(*t) + sizeof(t->entries[0]) * cnt);
+		f->entry_capacity = cnt;
+	}
+
+	t = (struct tree_content*)f;
+	t->entry_count = 0;
+	t->delta_depth = 0;
+	return t;
+}
+
+static void release_tree_entry(struct tree_entry *e);
+static void release_tree_content(struct tree_content *t)
+{
+	struct avail_tree_content *f = (struct avail_tree_content*)t;
+	unsigned int hc = hc_entries(f->entry_capacity);
+	f->next_avail = avail_tree_table[hc];
+	avail_tree_table[hc] = f;
+}
+
+static void release_tree_content_recursive(struct tree_content *t)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++)
+		release_tree_entry(t->entries[i]);
+	release_tree_content(t);
+}
+
+static struct tree_content *grow_tree_content(
+	struct tree_content *t,
+	int amt)
+{
+	struct tree_content *r = new_tree_content(t->entry_count + amt);
+	r->entry_count = t->entry_count;
+	r->delta_depth = t->delta_depth;
+	memcpy(r->entries,t->entries,t->entry_count*sizeof(t->entries[0]));
+	release_tree_content(t);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static struct tree_entry *new_tree_entry(void)
+{
+	struct tree_entry *e;
+
+	if (!avail_tree_entry) {
+		unsigned int n = tree_entry_alloc;
+		total_allocd += n * sizeof(struct tree_entry);
+		avail_tree_entry = e = xmalloc(n * sizeof(struct tree_entry));
+		while (n-- > 1) {
+			*((void**)e) = e + 1;
+			e++;
+		}
+		*((void**)e) = NULL;
+	}
+
+	e = avail_tree_entry;
+	avail_tree_entry = *((void**)e);
+	return e;
+}
+
+static void release_tree_entry(struct tree_entry *e)
+{
+	if (e->tree)
+		release_tree_content_recursive(e->tree);
+	*((void**)e) = avail_tree_entry;
+	avail_tree_entry = e;
+}
+
+static struct tree_content *dup_tree_content(struct tree_content *s)
+{
+	struct tree_content *d;
+	struct tree_entry *a, *b;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	if (!s)
+		return NULL;
+	d = new_tree_content(s->entry_count);
+	for (i = 0; i < s->entry_count; i++) {
+		a = s->entries[i];
+		b = new_tree_entry();
+		memcpy(b, a, sizeof(*a));
+		if (a->tree && is_null_sha1(b->versions[1].sha1))
+			b->tree = dup_tree_content(a->tree);
+		else
+			b->tree = NULL;
+		d->entries[i] = b;
+	}
+	d->entry_count = s->entry_count;
+	d->delta_depth = s->delta_depth;
+
+	return d;
+}
+
+static void start_packfile(void)
+{
+	static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	struct pack_header hdr;
+	int pack_fd;
+
+	pack_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile),
+			      "pack/tmp_pack_XXXXXX");
+	p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p) + strlen(tmpfile) + 2);
+	strcpy(p->pack_name, tmpfile);
+	p->pack_fd = pack_fd;
+
+	hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
+	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(2);
+	hdr.hdr_entries = 0;
+	write_or_die(p->pack_fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+
+	pack_data = p;
+	pack_size = sizeof(hdr);
+	object_count = 0;
+
+	all_packs = xrealloc(all_packs, sizeof(*all_packs) * (pack_id + 1));
+	all_packs[pack_id] = p;
+}
+
+static int oecmp (const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct object_entry *a = *((struct object_entry**)a_);
+	struct object_entry *b = *((struct object_entry**)b_);
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
+static char *create_index(void)
+{
+	static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	struct sha1file *f;
+	struct object_entry **idx, **c, **last, *e;
+	struct object_entry_pool *o;
+	uint32_t array[256];
+	int i, idx_fd;
+
+	/* Build the sorted table of object IDs. */
+	idx = xmalloc(object_count * sizeof(struct object_entry*));
+	c = idx;
+	for (o = blocks; o; o = o->next_pool)
+		for (e = o->next_free; e-- != o->entries;)
+			if (pack_id == e->pack_id)
+				*c++ = e;
+	last = idx + object_count;
+	if (c != last)
+		die("internal consistency error creating the index");
+	qsort(idx, object_count, sizeof(struct object_entry*), oecmp);
+
+	/* Generate the fan-out array. */
+	c = idx;
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		struct object_entry **next = c;
+		while (next < last) {
+			if ((*next)->sha1[0] != i)
+				break;
+			next++;
+		}
+		array[i] = htonl(next - idx);
+		c = next;
+	}
+
+	idx_fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile),
+			     "pack/tmp_idx_XXXXXX");
+	f = sha1fd(idx_fd, tmpfile);
+	sha1write(f, array, 256 * sizeof(int));
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	for (c = idx; c != last; c++) {
+		uint32_t offset = htonl((*c)->offset);
+		sha1write(f, &offset, 4);
+		sha1write(f, (*c)->sha1, sizeof((*c)->sha1));
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, (*c)->sha1, 20);
+	}
+	sha1write(f, pack_data->sha1, sizeof(pack_data->sha1));
+	sha1close(f, NULL, CSUM_FSYNC);
+	free(idx);
+	git_SHA1_Final(pack_data->sha1, &ctx);
+	return tmpfile;
+}
+
+static char *keep_pack(char *curr_index_name)
+{
+	static char name[PATH_MAX];
+	static const char *keep_msg = "fast-import";
+	int keep_fd;
+
+	keep_fd = odb_pack_keep(name, sizeof(name), pack_data->sha1);
+	if (keep_fd < 0)
+		die_errno("cannot create keep file");
+	write_or_die(keep_fd, keep_msg, strlen(keep_msg));
+	if (close(keep_fd))
+		die_errno("failed to write keep file");
+
+	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.pack",
+		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(pack_data->sha1));
+	if (move_temp_to_file(pack_data->pack_name, name))
+		die("cannot store pack file");
+
+	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.idx",
+		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(pack_data->sha1));
+	if (move_temp_to_file(curr_index_name, name))
+		die("cannot store index file");
+	return name;
+}
+
+static void unkeep_all_packs(void)
+{
+	static char name[PATH_MAX];
+	int k;
+
+	for (k = 0; k < pack_id; k++) {
+		struct packed_git *p = all_packs[k];
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
+			 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(p->sha1));
+		unlink_or_warn(name);
+	}
+}
+
+static void end_packfile(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *old_p = pack_data, *new_p;
+
+	clear_delta_base_cache();
+	if (object_count) {
+		char *idx_name;
+		int i;
+		struct branch *b;
+		struct tag *t;
+
+		close_pack_windows(pack_data);
+		fixup_pack_header_footer(pack_data->pack_fd, pack_data->sha1,
+				    pack_data->pack_name, object_count,
+				    NULL, 0);
+		close(pack_data->pack_fd);
+		idx_name = keep_pack(create_index());
+
+		/* Register the packfile with core git's machinery. */
+		new_p = add_packed_git(idx_name, strlen(idx_name), 1);
+		if (!new_p)
+			die("core git rejected index %s", idx_name);
+		all_packs[pack_id] = new_p;
+		install_packed_git(new_p);
+
+		/* Print the boundary */
+		if (pack_edges) {
+			fprintf(pack_edges, "%s:", new_p->pack_name);
+			for (i = 0; i < branch_table_sz; i++) {
+				for (b = branch_table[i]; b; b = b->table_next_branch) {
+					if (b->pack_id == pack_id)
+						fprintf(pack_edges, " %s", sha1_to_hex(b->sha1));
+				}
+			}
+			for (t = first_tag; t; t = t->next_tag) {
+				if (t->pack_id == pack_id)
+					fprintf(pack_edges, " %s", sha1_to_hex(t->sha1));
+			}
+			fputc('\n', pack_edges);
+			fflush(pack_edges);
+		}
+
+		pack_id++;
+	}
+	else {
+		close(old_p->pack_fd);
+		unlink_or_warn(old_p->pack_name);
+	}
+	free(old_p);
+
+	/* We can't carry a delta across packfiles. */
+	strbuf_release(&last_blob.data);
+	last_blob.offset = 0;
+	last_blob.depth = 0;
+}
+
+static void cycle_packfile(void)
+{
+	end_packfile();
+	start_packfile();
+}
+
+static size_t encode_header(
+	enum object_type type,
+	uintmax_t size,
+	unsigned char *hdr)
+{
+	int n = 1;
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	if (type < OBJ_COMMIT || type > OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+		die("bad type %d", type);
+
+	c = (type << 4) | (size & 15);
+	size >>= 4;
+	while (size) {
+		*hdr++ = c | 0x80;
+		c = size & 0x7f;
+		size >>= 7;
+		n++;
+	}
+	*hdr = c;
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int store_object(
+	enum object_type type,
+	struct strbuf *dat,
+	struct last_object *last,
+	unsigned char *sha1out,
+	uintmax_t mark)
+{
+	void *out, *delta;
+	struct object_entry *e;
+	unsigned char hdr[96];
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned long hdrlen, deltalen;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	z_stream s;
+
+	hdrlen = sprintf((char *)hdr,"%s %lu", typename(type),
+		(unsigned long)dat->len) + 1;
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, dat->buf, dat->len);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+	if (sha1out)
+		hashcpy(sha1out, sha1);
+
+	e = insert_object(sha1);
+	if (mark)
+		insert_mark(mark, e);
+	if (e->offset) {
+		duplicate_count_by_type[type]++;
+		return 1;
+	} else if (find_sha1_pack(sha1, packed_git)) {
+		e->type = type;
+		e->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+		e->offset = 1; /* just not zero! */
+		duplicate_count_by_type[type]++;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (last && last->data.buf && last->depth < max_depth) {
+		delta = diff_delta(last->data.buf, last->data.len,
+			dat->buf, dat->len,
+			&deltalen, 0);
+		if (delta && deltalen >= dat->len) {
+			free(delta);
+			delta = NULL;
+		}
+	} else
+		delta = NULL;
+
+	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+	deflateInit(&s, pack_compression_level);
+	if (delta) {
+		s.next_in = delta;
+		s.avail_in = deltalen;
+	} else {
+		s.next_in = (void *)dat->buf;
+		s.avail_in = dat->len;
+	}
+	s.avail_out = deflateBound(&s, s.avail_in);
+	s.next_out = out = xmalloc(s.avail_out);
+	while (deflate(&s, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
+		/* nothing */;
+	deflateEnd(&s);
+
+	/* Determine if we should auto-checkpoint. */
+	if ((pack_size + 60 + s.total_out) > max_packsize
+		|| (pack_size + 60 + s.total_out) < pack_size) {
+
+		/* This new object needs to *not* have the current pack_id. */
+		e->pack_id = pack_id + 1;
+		cycle_packfile();
+
+		/* We cannot carry a delta into the new pack. */
+		if (delta) {
+			free(delta);
+			delta = NULL;
+
+			memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+			deflateInit(&s, pack_compression_level);
+			s.next_in = (void *)dat->buf;
+			s.avail_in = dat->len;
+			s.avail_out = deflateBound(&s, s.avail_in);
+			s.next_out = out = xrealloc(out, s.avail_out);
+			while (deflate(&s, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
+				/* nothing */;
+			deflateEnd(&s);
+		}
+	}
+
+	e->type = type;
+	e->pack_id = pack_id;
+	e->offset = pack_size;
+	object_count++;
+	object_count_by_type[type]++;
+
+	if (delta) {
+		unsigned long ofs = e->offset - last->offset;
+		unsigned pos = sizeof(hdr) - 1;
+
+		delta_count_by_type[type]++;
+		e->depth = last->depth + 1;
+
+		hdrlen = encode_header(OBJ_OFS_DELTA, deltalen, hdr);
+		write_or_die(pack_data->pack_fd, hdr, hdrlen);
+		pack_size += hdrlen;
+
+		hdr[pos] = ofs & 127;
+		while (ofs >>= 7)
+			hdr[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+		write_or_die(pack_data->pack_fd, hdr + pos, sizeof(hdr) - pos);
+		pack_size += sizeof(hdr) - pos;
+	} else {
+		e->depth = 0;
+		hdrlen = encode_header(type, dat->len, hdr);
+		write_or_die(pack_data->pack_fd, hdr, hdrlen);
+		pack_size += hdrlen;
+	}
+
+	write_or_die(pack_data->pack_fd, out, s.total_out);
+	pack_size += s.total_out;
+
+	free(out);
+	free(delta);
+	if (last) {
+		if (last->no_swap) {
+			last->data = *dat;
+		} else {
+			strbuf_swap(&last->data, dat);
+		}
+		last->offset = e->offset;
+		last->depth = e->depth;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void truncate_pack(off_t to)
+{
+	if (ftruncate(pack_data->pack_fd, to)
+	 || lseek(pack_data->pack_fd, to, SEEK_SET) != to)
+		die_errno("cannot truncate pack to skip duplicate");
+	pack_size = to;
+}
+
+static void stream_blob(uintmax_t len, unsigned char *sha1out, uintmax_t mark)
+{
+	size_t in_sz = 64 * 1024, out_sz = 64 * 1024;
+	unsigned char *in_buf = xmalloc(in_sz);
+	unsigned char *out_buf = xmalloc(out_sz);
+	struct object_entry *e;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned long hdrlen;
+	off_t offset;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	z_stream s;
+	int status = Z_OK;
+
+	/* Determine if we should auto-checkpoint. */
+	if ((pack_size + 60 + len) > max_packsize
+		|| (pack_size + 60 + len) < pack_size)
+		cycle_packfile();
+
+	offset = pack_size;
+
+	hdrlen = snprintf((char *)out_buf, out_sz, "blob %" PRIuMAX, len) + 1;
+	if (out_sz <= hdrlen)
+		die("impossibly large object header");
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, out_buf, hdrlen);
+
+	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+	deflateInit(&s, pack_compression_level);
+
+	hdrlen = encode_header(OBJ_BLOB, len, out_buf);
+	if (out_sz <= hdrlen)
+		die("impossibly large object header");
+
+	s.next_out = out_buf + hdrlen;
+	s.avail_out = out_sz - hdrlen;
+
+	while (status != Z_STREAM_END) {
+		if (0 < len && !s.avail_in) {
+			size_t cnt = in_sz < len ? in_sz : (size_t)len;
+			size_t n = fread(in_buf, 1, cnt, stdin);
+			if (!n && feof(stdin))
+				die("EOF in data (%" PRIuMAX " bytes remaining)", len);
+
+			git_SHA1_Update(&c, in_buf, n);
+			s.next_in = in_buf;
+			s.avail_in = n;
+			len -= n;
+		}
+
+		status = deflate(&s, len ? 0 : Z_FINISH);
+
+		if (!s.avail_out || status == Z_STREAM_END) {
+			size_t n = s.next_out - out_buf;
+			write_or_die(pack_data->pack_fd, out_buf, n);
+			pack_size += n;
+			s.next_out = out_buf;
+			s.avail_out = out_sz;
+		}
+
+		switch (status) {
+		case Z_OK:
+		case Z_BUF_ERROR:
+		case Z_STREAM_END:
+			continue;
+		default:
+			die("unexpected deflate failure: %d", status);
+		}
+	}
+	deflateEnd(&s);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+
+	if (sha1out)
+		hashcpy(sha1out, sha1);
+
+	e = insert_object(sha1);
+
+	if (mark)
+		insert_mark(mark, e);
+
+	if (e->offset) {
+		duplicate_count_by_type[OBJ_BLOB]++;
+		truncate_pack(offset);
+
+	} else if (find_sha1_pack(sha1, packed_git)) {
+		e->type = OBJ_BLOB;
+		e->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+		e->offset = 1; /* just not zero! */
+		duplicate_count_by_type[OBJ_BLOB]++;
+		truncate_pack(offset);
+
+	} else {
+		e->depth = 0;
+		e->type = OBJ_BLOB;
+		e->pack_id = pack_id;
+		e->offset = offset;
+		object_count++;
+		object_count_by_type[OBJ_BLOB]++;
+	}
+
+	free(in_buf);
+	free(out_buf);
+}
+
+/* All calls must be guarded by find_object() or find_mark() to
+ * ensure the 'struct object_entry' passed was written by this
+ * process instance.  We unpack the entry by the offset, avoiding
+ * the need for the corresponding .idx file.  This unpacking rule
+ * works because we only use OBJ_REF_DELTA within the packfiles
+ * created by fast-import.
+ *
+ * oe must not be NULL.  Such an oe usually comes from giving
+ * an unknown SHA-1 to find_object() or an undefined mark to
+ * find_mark().  Callers must test for this condition and use
+ * the standard read_sha1_file() when it happens.
+ *
+ * oe->pack_id must not be MAX_PACK_ID.  Such an oe is usually from
+ * find_mark(), where the mark was reloaded from an existing marks
+ * file and is referencing an object that this fast-import process
+ * instance did not write out to a packfile.  Callers must test for
+ * this condition and use read_sha1_file() instead.
+ */
+static void *gfi_unpack_entry(
+	struct object_entry *oe,
+	unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct packed_git *p = all_packs[oe->pack_id];
+	if (p == pack_data && p->pack_size < (pack_size + 20)) {
+		/* The object is stored in the packfile we are writing to
+		 * and we have modified it since the last time we scanned
+		 * back to read a previously written object.  If an old
+		 * window covered [p->pack_size, p->pack_size + 20) its
+		 * data is stale and is not valid.  Closing all windows
+		 * and updating the packfile length ensures we can read
+		 * the newly written data.
+		 */
+		close_pack_windows(p);
+
+		/* We have to offer 20 bytes additional on the end of
+		 * the packfile as the core unpacker code assumes the
+		 * footer is present at the file end and must promise
+		 * at least 20 bytes within any window it maps.  But
+		 * we don't actually create the footer here.
+		 */
+		p->pack_size = pack_size + 20;
+	}
+	return unpack_entry(p, oe->offset, &type, sizep);
+}
+
+static const char *get_mode(const char *str, uint16_t *modep)
+{
+	unsigned char c;
+	uint16_t mode = 0;
+
+	while ((c = *str++) != ' ') {
+		if (c < '0' || c > '7')
+			return NULL;
+		mode = (mode << 3) + (c - '0');
+	}
+	*modep = mode;
+	return str;
+}
+
+static void load_tree(struct tree_entry *root)
+{
+	unsigned char *sha1 = root->versions[1].sha1;
+	struct object_entry *myoe;
+	struct tree_content *t;
+	unsigned long size;
+	char *buf;
+	const char *c;
+
+	root->tree = t = new_tree_content(8);
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+
+	myoe = find_object(sha1);
+	if (myoe && myoe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {
+		if (myoe->type != OBJ_TREE)
+			die("Not a tree: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		t->delta_depth = myoe->depth;
+		buf = gfi_unpack_entry(myoe, &size);
+		if (!buf)
+			die("Can't load tree %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else {
+		enum object_type type;
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf || type != OBJ_TREE)
+			die("Can't load tree %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	c = buf;
+	while (c != (buf + size)) {
+		struct tree_entry *e = new_tree_entry();
+
+		if (t->entry_count == t->entry_capacity)
+			root->tree = t = grow_tree_content(t, t->entry_count);
+		t->entries[t->entry_count++] = e;
+
+		e->tree = NULL;
+		c = get_mode(c, &e->versions[1].mode);
+		if (!c)
+			die("Corrupt mode in %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		e->versions[0].mode = e->versions[1].mode;
+		e->name = to_atom(c, strlen(c));
+		c += e->name->str_len + 1;
+		hashcpy(e->versions[0].sha1, (unsigned char *)c);
+		hashcpy(e->versions[1].sha1, (unsigned char *)c);
+		c += 20;
+	}
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static int tecmp0 (const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	struct tree_entry *a = *((struct tree_entry**)_a);
+	struct tree_entry *b = *((struct tree_entry**)_b);
+	return base_name_compare(
+		a->name->str_dat, a->name->str_len, a->versions[0].mode,
+		b->name->str_dat, b->name->str_len, b->versions[0].mode);
+}
+
+static int tecmp1 (const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	struct tree_entry *a = *((struct tree_entry**)_a);
+	struct tree_entry *b = *((struct tree_entry**)_b);
+	return base_name_compare(
+		a->name->str_dat, a->name->str_len, a->versions[1].mode,
+		b->name->str_dat, b->name->str_len, b->versions[1].mode);
+}
+
+static void mktree(struct tree_content *t, int v, struct strbuf *b)
+{
+	size_t maxlen = 0;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	if (!v)
+		qsort(t->entries,t->entry_count,sizeof(t->entries[0]),tecmp0);
+	else
+		qsort(t->entries,t->entry_count,sizeof(t->entries[0]),tecmp1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		if (t->entries[i]->versions[v].mode)
+			maxlen += t->entries[i]->name->str_len + 34;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(b);
+	strbuf_grow(b, maxlen);
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		struct tree_entry *e = t->entries[i];
+		if (!e->versions[v].mode)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addf(b, "%o %s%c", (unsigned int)e->versions[v].mode,
+					e->name->str_dat, '\0');
+		strbuf_add(b, e->versions[v].sha1, 20);
+	}
+}
+
+static void store_tree(struct tree_entry *root)
+{
+	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	unsigned int i, j, del;
+	struct last_object lo = { STRBUF_INIT, 0, 0, /* no_swap */ 1 };
+	struct object_entry *le;
+
+	if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		if (t->entries[i]->tree)
+			store_tree(t->entries[i]);
+	}
+
+	le = find_object(root->versions[0].sha1);
+	if (S_ISDIR(root->versions[0].mode) && le && le->pack_id == pack_id) {
+		mktree(t, 0, &old_tree);
+		lo.data = old_tree;
+		lo.offset = le->offset;
+		lo.depth = t->delta_depth;
+	}
+
+	mktree(t, 1, &new_tree);
+	store_object(OBJ_TREE, &new_tree, &lo, root->versions[1].sha1, 0);
+
+	t->delta_depth = lo.depth;
+	for (i = 0, j = 0, del = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		struct tree_entry *e = t->entries[i];
+		if (e->versions[1].mode) {
+			e->versions[0].mode = e->versions[1].mode;
+			hashcpy(e->versions[0].sha1, e->versions[1].sha1);
+			t->entries[j++] = e;
+		} else {
+			release_tree_entry(e);
+			del++;
+		}
+	}
+	t->entry_count -= del;
+}
+
+static int tree_content_set(
+	struct tree_entry *root,
+	const char *p,
+	const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const uint16_t mode,
+	struct tree_content *subtree)
+{
+	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	const char *slash1;
+	unsigned int i, n;
+	struct tree_entry *e;
+
+	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
+	if (slash1)
+		n = slash1 - p;
+	else
+		n = strlen(p);
+	if (!n)
+		die("Empty path component found in input");
+	if (!slash1 && !S_ISDIR(mode) && subtree)
+		die("Non-directories cannot have subtrees");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		e = t->entries[i];
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+			if (!slash1) {
+				if (!S_ISDIR(mode)
+						&& e->versions[1].mode == mode
+						&& !hashcmp(e->versions[1].sha1, sha1))
+					return 0;
+				e->versions[1].mode = mode;
+				hashcpy(e->versions[1].sha1, sha1);
+				if (e->tree)
+					release_tree_content_recursive(e->tree);
+				e->tree = subtree;
+				hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			if (!S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode)) {
+				e->tree = new_tree_content(8);
+				e->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
+			}
+			if (!e->tree)
+				load_tree(e);
+			if (tree_content_set(e, slash1 + 1, sha1, mode, subtree)) {
+				hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (t->entry_count == t->entry_capacity)
+		root->tree = t = grow_tree_content(t, t->entry_count);
+	e = new_tree_entry();
+	e->name = to_atom(p, n);
+	e->versions[0].mode = 0;
+	hashclr(e->versions[0].sha1);
+	t->entries[t->entry_count++] = e;
+	if (slash1) {
+		e->tree = new_tree_content(8);
+		e->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
+		tree_content_set(e, slash1 + 1, sha1, mode, subtree);
+	} else {
+		e->tree = subtree;
+		e->versions[1].mode = mode;
+		hashcpy(e->versions[1].sha1, sha1);
+	}
+	hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int tree_content_remove(
+	struct tree_entry *root,
+	const char *p,
+	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf)
+{
+	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	const char *slash1;
+	unsigned int i, n;
+	struct tree_entry *e;
+
+	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
+	if (slash1)
+		n = slash1 - p;
+	else
+		n = strlen(p);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		e = t->entries[i];
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+			if (!slash1 || !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
+				goto del_entry;
+			if (!e->tree)
+				load_tree(e);
+			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf)) {
+				for (n = 0; n < e->tree->entry_count; n++) {
+					if (e->tree->entries[n]->versions[1].mode) {
+						hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
+						return 1;
+					}
+				}
+				backup_leaf = NULL;
+				goto del_entry;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+del_entry:
+	if (backup_leaf)
+		memcpy(backup_leaf, e, sizeof(*backup_leaf));
+	else if (e->tree)
+		release_tree_content_recursive(e->tree);
+	e->tree = NULL;
+	e->versions[1].mode = 0;
+	hashclr(e->versions[1].sha1);
+	hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int tree_content_get(
+	struct tree_entry *root,
+	const char *p,
+	struct tree_entry *leaf)
+{
+	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	const char *slash1;
+	unsigned int i, n;
+	struct tree_entry *e;
+
+	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
+	if (slash1)
+		n = slash1 - p;
+	else
+		n = strlen(p);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		e = t->entries[i];
+		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
+			if (!slash1) {
+				memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
+				if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
+					leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
+				else
+					leaf->tree = NULL;
+				return 1;
+			}
+			if (!S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
+				return 0;
+			if (!e->tree)
+				load_tree(e);
+			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
+{
+	static const char *msg = "fast-import";
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1))
+		return 0;
+	if (read_ref(b->name, old_sha1))
+		hashclr(old_sha1);
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0);
+	if (!lock)
+		return error("Unable to lock %s", b->name);
+	if (!force_update && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1)) {
+		struct commit *old_cmit, *new_cmit;
+
+		old_cmit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(old_sha1, 0);
+		new_cmit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(b->sha1, 0);
+		if (!old_cmit || !new_cmit) {
+			unlock_ref(lock);
+			return error("Branch %s is missing commits.", b->name);
+		}
+
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, &new_cmit, 1)) {
+			unlock_ref(lock);
+			warning("Not updating %s"
+				" (new tip %s does not contain %s)",
+				b->name, sha1_to_hex(b->sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, b->sha1, msg) < 0)
+		return error("Unable to update %s", b->name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void dump_branches(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	struct branch *b;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < branch_table_sz; i++) {
+		for (b = branch_table[i]; b; b = b->table_next_branch)
+			failure |= update_branch(b);
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_tags(void)
+{
+	static const char *msg = "fast-import";
+	struct tag *t;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	char ref_name[PATH_MAX];
+
+	for (t = first_tag; t; t = t->next_tag) {
+		sprintf(ref_name, "tags/%s", t->name);
+		lock = lock_ref_sha1(ref_name, NULL);
+		if (!lock || write_ref_sha1(lock, t->sha1, msg) < 0)
+			failure |= error("Unable to update %s", ref_name);
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *f,
+	uintmax_t base,
+	struct mark_set *m)
+{
+	uintmax_t k;
+	if (m->shift) {
+		for (k = 0; k < 1024; k++) {
+			if (m->data.sets[k])
+				dump_marks_helper(f, (base + k) << m->shift,
+					m->data.sets[k]);
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (k = 0; k < 1024; k++) {
+			if (m->data.marked[k])
+				fprintf(f, ":%" PRIuMAX " %s\n", base + k,
+					sha1_to_hex(m->data.marked[k]->sha1));
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_marks(void)
+{
+	static struct lock_file mark_lock;
+	int mark_fd;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	if (!export_marks_file)
+		return;
+
+	mark_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&mark_lock, export_marks_file, 0);
+	if (mark_fd < 0) {
+		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
+			export_marks_file, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	f = fdopen(mark_fd, "w");
+	if (!f) {
+		int saved_errno = errno;
+		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
+		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
+			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed, it should not be close()'ed.
+	 * Assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
+	 * won't try to close() it.
+	 */
+	mark_lock.fd = -1;
+
+	dump_marks_helper(f, 0, marks);
+	if (ferror(f) || fclose(f)) {
+		int saved_errno = errno;
+		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
+		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
+			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (commit_lock_file(&mark_lock)) {
+		int saved_errno = errno;
+		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
+		failure |= error("Unable to commit marks file %s: %s",
+			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+static void read_marks(void)
+{
+	char line[512];
+	FILE *f = fopen(import_marks_file, "r");
+	if (!f)
+		die_errno("cannot read '%s'", import_marks_file);
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
+		uintmax_t mark;
+		char *end;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_entry *e;
+
+		end = strchr(line, '\n');
+		if (line[0] != ':' || !end)
+			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
+		*end = 0;
+		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &end, 10);
+		if (!mark || end == line + 1
+			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1(end + 1, sha1))
+			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
+		e = find_object(sha1);
+		if (!e) {
+			enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+			if (type < 0)
+				die("object not found: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			e = insert_object(sha1);
+			e->type = type;
+			e->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+			e->offset = 1; /* just not zero! */
+		}
+		insert_mark(mark, e);
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+}
+
+
+static int read_next_command(void)
+{
+	static int stdin_eof = 0;
+
+	if (stdin_eof) {
+		unread_command_buf = 0;
+		return EOF;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		if (unread_command_buf) {
+			unread_command_buf = 0;
+		} else {
+			struct recent_command *rc;
+
+			strbuf_detach(&command_buf, NULL);
+			stdin_eof = strbuf_getline(&command_buf, stdin, '\n');
+			if (stdin_eof)
+				return EOF;
+
+			if (!seen_data_command
+				&& prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "feature ")
+				&& prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option ")) {
+				parse_argv();
+			}
+
+			rc = rc_free;
+			if (rc)
+				rc_free = rc->next;
+			else {
+				rc = cmd_hist.next;
+				cmd_hist.next = rc->next;
+				cmd_hist.next->prev = &cmd_hist;
+				free(rc->buf);
+			}
+
+			rc->buf = command_buf.buf;
+			rc->prev = cmd_tail;
+			rc->next = cmd_hist.prev;
+			rc->prev->next = rc;
+			cmd_tail = rc;
+		}
+	} while (command_buf.buf[0] == '#');
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void skip_optional_lf(void)
+{
+	int term_char = fgetc(stdin);
+	if (term_char != '\n' && term_char != EOF)
+		ungetc(term_char, stdin);
+}
+
+static void parse_mark(void)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "mark :")) {
+		next_mark = strtoumax(command_buf.buf + 6, NULL, 10);
+		read_next_command();
+	}
+	else
+		next_mark = 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+
+	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "data "))
+		die("Expected 'data n' command, found: %s", command_buf.buf);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf + 5, "<<")) {
+		char *term = xstrdup(command_buf.buf + 5 + 2);
+		size_t term_len = command_buf.len - 5 - 2;
+
+		strbuf_detach(&command_buf, NULL);
+		for (;;) {
+			if (strbuf_getline(&command_buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+				die("EOF in data (terminator '%s' not found)", term);
+			if (term_len == command_buf.len
+				&& !strcmp(term, command_buf.buf))
+				break;
+			strbuf_addbuf(sb, &command_buf);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		}
+		free(term);
+	}
+	else {
+		uintmax_t len = strtoumax(command_buf.buf + 5, NULL, 10);
+		size_t n = 0, length = (size_t)len;
+
+		if (limit && limit < len) {
+			*len_res = len;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (length < len)
+			die("data is too large to use in this context");
+
+		while (n < length) {
+			size_t s = strbuf_fread(sb, length - n, stdin);
+			if (!s && feof(stdin))
+				die("EOF in data (%lu bytes remaining)",
+					(unsigned long)(length - n));
+			n += s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	skip_optional_lf();
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, char *result, int maxlen)
+{
+	const char *orig_src = src;
+	char *endp;
+	unsigned long num;
+
+	errno = 0;
+
+	num = strtoul(src, &endp, 10);
+	/* NEEDSWORK: perhaps check for reasonable values? */
+	if (errno || endp == src || *endp != ' ')
+		return -1;
+
+	src = endp + 1;
+	if (*src != '-' && *src != '+')
+		return -1;
+
+	num = strtoul(src + 1, &endp, 10);
+	if (errno || endp == src + 1 || *endp || (endp - orig_src) >= maxlen ||
+	    1400 < num)
+		return -1;
+
+	strcpy(result, orig_src);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *parse_ident(const char *buf)
+{
+	const char *gt;
+	size_t name_len;
+	char *ident;
+
+	gt = strrchr(buf, '>');
+	if (!gt)
+		die("Missing > in ident string: %s", buf);
+	gt++;
+	if (*gt != ' ')
+		die("Missing space after > in ident string: %s", buf);
+	gt++;
+	name_len = gt - buf;
+	ident = xmalloc(name_len + 24);
+	strncpy(ident, buf, name_len);
+
+	switch (whenspec) {
+	case WHENSPEC_RAW:
+		if (validate_raw_date(gt, ident + name_len, 24) < 0)
+			die("Invalid raw date \"%s\" in ident: %s", gt, buf);
+		break;
+	case WHENSPEC_RFC2822:
+		if (parse_date(gt, ident + name_len, 24) < 0)
+			die("Invalid rfc2822 date \"%s\" in ident: %s", gt, buf);
+		break;
+	case WHENSPEC_NOW:
+		if (strcmp("now", gt))
+			die("Date in ident must be 'now': %s", buf);
+		datestamp(ident + name_len, 24);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return ident;
+}
+
+static void parse_and_store_blob(
+	struct last_object *last,
+	unsigned char *sha1out,
+	uintmax_t mark)
+{
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	uintmax_t len;
+
+	if (parse_data(&buf, big_file_threshold, &len))
+		store_object(OBJ_BLOB, &buf, last, sha1out, mark);
+	else {
+		if (last) {
+			strbuf_release(&last->data);
+			last->offset = 0;
+			last->depth = 0;
+		}
+		stream_blob(len, sha1out, mark);
+		skip_optional_lf();
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_new_blob(void)
+{
+	read_next_command();
+	parse_mark();
+	parse_and_store_blob(&last_blob, NULL, next_mark);
+}
+
+static void unload_one_branch(void)
+{
+	while (cur_active_branches
+		&& cur_active_branches >= max_active_branches) {
+		uintmax_t min_commit = ULONG_MAX;
+		struct branch *e, *l = NULL, *p = NULL;
+
+		for (e = active_branches; e; e = e->active_next_branch) {
+			if (e->last_commit < min_commit) {
+				p = l;
+				min_commit = e->last_commit;
+			}
+			l = e;
+		}
+
+		if (p) {
+			e = p->active_next_branch;
+			p->active_next_branch = e->active_next_branch;
+		} else {
+			e = active_branches;
+			active_branches = e->active_next_branch;
+		}
+		e->active = 0;
+		e->active_next_branch = NULL;
+		if (e->branch_tree.tree) {
+			release_tree_content_recursive(e->branch_tree.tree);
+			e->branch_tree.tree = NULL;
+		}
+		cur_active_branches--;
+	}
+}
+
+static void load_branch(struct branch *b)
+{
+	load_tree(&b->branch_tree);
+	if (!b->active) {
+		b->active = 1;
+		b->active_next_branch = active_branches;
+		active_branches = b;
+		cur_active_branches++;
+		branch_load_count++;
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned char convert_num_notes_to_fanout(uintmax_t num_notes)
+{
+	unsigned char fanout = 0;
+	while ((num_notes >>= 8))
+		fanout++;
+	return fanout;
+}
+
+static void construct_path_with_fanout(const char *hex_sha1,
+		unsigned char fanout, char *path)
+{
+	unsigned int i = 0, j = 0;
+	if (fanout >= 20)
+		die("Too large fanout (%u)", fanout);
+	while (fanout) {
+		path[i++] = hex_sha1[j++];
+		path[i++] = hex_sha1[j++];
+		path[i++] = '/';
+		fanout--;
+	}
+	memcpy(path + i, hex_sha1 + j, 40 - j);
+	path[i + 40 - j] = '\0';
+}
+
+static uintmax_t do_change_note_fanout(
+		struct tree_entry *orig_root, struct tree_entry *root,
+		char *hex_sha1, unsigned int hex_sha1_len,
+		char *fullpath, unsigned int fullpath_len,
+		unsigned char fanout)
+{
+	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	struct tree_entry *e, leaf;
+	unsigned int i, tmp_hex_sha1_len, tmp_fullpath_len;
+	uintmax_t num_notes = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char realpath[60];
+
+	for (i = 0; t && i < t->entry_count; i++) {
+		e = t->entries[i];
+		tmp_hex_sha1_len = hex_sha1_len + e->name->str_len;
+		tmp_fullpath_len = fullpath_len;
+
+		/*
+		 * We're interested in EITHER existing note entries (entries
+		 * with exactly 40 hex chars in path, not including directory
+		 * separators), OR directory entries that may contain note
+		 * entries (with < 40 hex chars in path).
+		 * Also, each path component in a note entry must be a multiple
+		 * of 2 chars.
+		 */
+		if (!e->versions[1].mode ||
+		    tmp_hex_sha1_len > 40 ||
+		    e->name->str_len % 2)
+			continue;
+
+		/* This _may_ be a note entry, or a subdir containing notes */
+		memcpy(hex_sha1 + hex_sha1_len, e->name->str_dat,
+		       e->name->str_len);
+		if (tmp_fullpath_len)
+			fullpath[tmp_fullpath_len++] = '/';
+		memcpy(fullpath + tmp_fullpath_len, e->name->str_dat,
+		       e->name->str_len);
+		tmp_fullpath_len += e->name->str_len;
+		fullpath[tmp_fullpath_len] = '\0';
+
+		if (tmp_hex_sha1_len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(hex_sha1, sha1)) {
+			/* This is a note entry */
+			construct_path_with_fanout(hex_sha1, fanout, realpath);
+			if (!strcmp(fullpath, realpath)) {
+				/* Note entry is in correct location */
+				num_notes++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/* Rename fullpath to realpath */
+			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf))
+				die("Failed to remove path %s", fullpath);
+			tree_content_set(orig_root, realpath,
+				leaf.versions[1].sha1,
+				leaf.versions[1].mode,
+				leaf.tree);
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode)) {
+			/* This is a subdir that may contain note entries */
+			if (!e->tree)
+				load_tree(e);
+			num_notes += do_change_note_fanout(orig_root, e,
+				hex_sha1, tmp_hex_sha1_len,
+				fullpath, tmp_fullpath_len, fanout);
+		}
+
+		/* The above may have reallocated the current tree_content */
+		t = root->tree;
+	}
+	return num_notes;
+}
+
+static uintmax_t change_note_fanout(struct tree_entry *root,
+		unsigned char fanout)
+{
+	char hex_sha1[40], path[60];
+	return do_change_note_fanout(root, root, hex_sha1, 0, path, 0, fanout);
+}
+
+static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
+{
+	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
+	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *endp;
+	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	uint16_t mode, inline_data = 0;
+
+	p = get_mode(p, &mode);
+	if (!p)
+		die("Corrupt mode: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	switch (mode) {
+	case 0644:
+	case 0755:
+		mode |= S_IFREG;
+	case S_IFREG | 0644:
+	case S_IFREG | 0755:
+	case S_IFLNK:
+	case S_IFGITLINK:
+		/* ok */
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("Corrupt mode: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	}
+
+	if (*p == ':') {
+		char *x;
+		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		hashcpy(sha1, oe->sha1);
+		p = x;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline")) {
+		inline_data = 1;
+		p += 6;
+	} else {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
+			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		oe = find_object(sha1);
+		p += 40;
+	}
+	if (*p++ != ' ')
+		die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&uq);
+	if (!unquote_c_style(&uq, p, &endp)) {
+		if (*endp)
+			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		p = uq.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		if (inline_data)
+			die("Git links cannot be specified 'inline': %s",
+				command_buf.buf);
+		else if (oe) {
+			if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("Not a commit (actually a %s): %s",
+					typename(oe->type), command_buf.buf);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Accept the sha1 without checking; it expected to be in
+		 * another repository.
+		 */
+	} else if (inline_data) {
+		if (p != uq.buf) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&uq, p);
+			p = uq.buf;
+		}
+		read_next_command();
+		parse_and_store_blob(&last_blob, sha1, 0);
+	} else if (oe) {
+		if (oe->type != OBJ_BLOB)
+			die("Not a blob (actually a %s): %s",
+				typename(oe->type), command_buf.buf);
+	} else {
+		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("Blob not found: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+			die("Not a blob (actually a %s): %s",
+			    typename(type), command_buf.buf);
+	}
+
+	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, p, sha1, mode, NULL);
+}
+
+static void file_change_d(struct branch *b)
+{
+	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
+	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *endp;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&uq);
+	if (!unquote_c_style(&uq, p, &endp)) {
+		if (*endp)
+			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		p = uq.buf;
+	}
+	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+}
+
+static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
+{
+	const char *s, *d;
+	static struct strbuf s_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct strbuf d_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *endp;
+	struct tree_entry leaf;
+
+	s = command_buf.buf + 2;
+	strbuf_reset(&s_uq);
+	if (!unquote_c_style(&s_uq, s, &endp)) {
+		if (*endp != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after source: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	} else {
+		endp = strchr(s, ' ');
+		if (!endp)
+			die("Missing space after source: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		strbuf_add(&s_uq, s, endp - s);
+	}
+	s = s_uq.buf;
+
+	endp++;
+	if (!*endp)
+		die("Missing dest: %s", command_buf.buf);
+
+	d = endp;
+	strbuf_reset(&d_uq);
+	if (!unquote_c_style(&d_uq, d, &endp)) {
+		if (*endp)
+			die("Garbage after dest in: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		d = d_uq.buf;
+	}
+
+	memset(&leaf, 0, sizeof(leaf));
+	if (rename)
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+	else
+		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+	if (!leaf.versions[1].mode)
+		die("Path %s not in branch", s);
+	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, d,
+		leaf.versions[1].sha1,
+		leaf.versions[1].mode,
+		leaf.tree);
+}
+
+static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char old_fanout)
+{
+	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
+	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct branch *s;
+	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
+	char path[60];
+	uint16_t inline_data = 0;
+	unsigned char new_fanout;
+
+	/* <dataref> or 'inline' */
+	if (*p == ':') {
+		char *x;
+		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		hashcpy(sha1, oe->sha1);
+		p = x;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline")) {
+		inline_data = 1;
+		p += 6;
+	} else {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
+			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		oe = find_object(sha1);
+		p += 40;
+	}
+	if (*p++ != ' ')
+		die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+
+	/* <committish> */
+	s = lookup_branch(p);
+	if (s) {
+		hashcpy(commit_sha1, s->sha1);
+	} else if (*p == ':') {
+		uintmax_t commit_mark = strtoumax(p + 1, NULL, 10);
+		struct object_entry *commit_oe = find_mark(commit_mark);
+		if (commit_oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", commit_mark);
+		hashcpy(commit_sha1, commit_oe->sha1);
+	} else if (!get_sha1(p, commit_sha1)) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		char *buf = read_object_with_reference(commit_sha1,
+			commit_type, &size, commit_sha1);
+		if (!buf || size < 46)
+			die("Not a valid commit: %s", p);
+		free(buf);
+	} else
+		die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", p);
+
+	if (inline_data) {
+		if (p != uq.buf) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&uq, p);
+			p = uq.buf;
+		}
+		read_next_command();
+		parse_and_store_blob(&last_blob, sha1, 0);
+	} else if (oe) {
+		if (oe->type != OBJ_BLOB)
+			die("Not a blob (actually a %s): %s",
+				typename(oe->type), command_buf.buf);
+	} else if (!is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("Blob not found: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+			die("Not a blob (actually a %s): %s",
+			    typename(type), command_buf.buf);
+	}
+
+	construct_path_with_fanout(sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1), old_fanout, path);
+	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL))
+		b->num_notes--;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return; /* nothing to insert */
+
+	b->num_notes++;
+	new_fanout = convert_num_notes_to_fanout(b->num_notes);
+	construct_path_with_fanout(sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1), new_fanout, path);
+	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, path, sha1, S_IFREG | 0644, NULL);
+}
+
+static void file_change_deleteall(struct branch *b)
+{
+	release_tree_content_recursive(b->branch_tree.tree);
+	hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1);
+	hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1);
+	load_tree(&b->branch_tree);
+	b->num_notes = 0;
+}
+
+static void parse_from_commit(struct branch *b, char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (!buf || size < 46)
+		die("Not a valid commit: %s", sha1_to_hex(b->sha1));
+	if (memcmp("tree ", buf, 5)
+		|| get_sha1_hex(buf + 5, b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1))
+		die("The commit %s is corrupt", sha1_to_hex(b->sha1));
+	hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1,
+		b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1);
+}
+
+static void parse_from_existing(struct branch *b)
+{
+	if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1)) {
+		hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1);
+		hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1);
+	} else {
+		unsigned long size;
+		char *buf;
+
+		buf = read_object_with_reference(b->sha1,
+			commit_type, &size, b->sha1);
+		parse_from_commit(b, buf, size);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
+{
+	const char *from;
+	struct branch *s;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "from "))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (b->branch_tree.tree) {
+		release_tree_content_recursive(b->branch_tree.tree);
+		b->branch_tree.tree = NULL;
+	}
+
+	from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	s = lookup_branch(from);
+	if (b == s)
+		die("Can't create a branch from itself: %s", b->name);
+	else if (s) {
+		unsigned char *t = s->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1;
+		hashcpy(b->sha1, s->sha1);
+		hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1, t);
+		hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1, t);
+	} else if (*from == ':') {
+		uintmax_t idnum = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+		struct object_entry *oe = find_mark(idnum);
+		if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", idnum);
+		hashcpy(b->sha1, oe->sha1);
+		if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {
+			unsigned long size;
+			char *buf = gfi_unpack_entry(oe, &size);
+			parse_from_commit(b, buf, size);
+			free(buf);
+		} else
+			parse_from_existing(b);
+	} else if (!get_sha1(from, b->sha1))
+		parse_from_existing(b);
+	else
+		die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
+
+	read_next_command();
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
+{
+	struct hash_list *list = NULL, *n, *e = e;
+	const char *from;
+	struct branch *s;
+
+	*count = 0;
+	while (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "merge ")) {
+		from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+		n = xmalloc(sizeof(*n));
+		s = lookup_branch(from);
+		if (s)
+			hashcpy(n->sha1, s->sha1);
+		else if (*from == ':') {
+			uintmax_t idnum = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+			struct object_entry *oe = find_mark(idnum);
+			if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", idnum);
+			hashcpy(n->sha1, oe->sha1);
+		} else if (!get_sha1(from, n->sha1)) {
+			unsigned long size;
+			char *buf = read_object_with_reference(n->sha1,
+				commit_type, &size, n->sha1);
+			if (!buf || size < 46)
+				die("Not a valid commit: %s", from);
+			free(buf);
+		} else
+			die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
+
+		n->next = NULL;
+		if (list)
+			e->next = n;
+		else
+			list = n;
+		e = n;
+		(*count)++;
+		read_next_command();
+	}
+	return list;
+}
+
+static void parse_new_commit(void)
+{
+	static struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct branch *b;
+	char *sp;
+	char *author = NULL;
+	char *committer = NULL;
+	struct hash_list *merge_list = NULL;
+	unsigned int merge_count;
+	unsigned char prev_fanout, new_fanout;
+
+	/* Obtain the branch name from the rest of our command */
+	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	b = lookup_branch(sp);
+	if (!b)
+		b = new_branch(sp);
+
+	read_next_command();
+	parse_mark();
+	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "author ")) {
+		author = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 7);
+		read_next_command();
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "committer ")) {
+		committer = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 10);
+		read_next_command();
+	}
+	if (!committer)
+		die("Expected committer but didn't get one");
+	parse_data(&msg, 0, NULL);
+	read_next_command();
+	parse_from(b);
+	merge_list = parse_merge(&merge_count);
+
+	/* ensure the branch is active/loaded */
+	if (!b->branch_tree.tree || !max_active_branches) {
+		unload_one_branch();
+		load_branch(b);
+	}
+
+	prev_fanout = convert_num_notes_to_fanout(b->num_notes);
+
+	/* file_change* */
+	while (command_buf.len > 0) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "M "))
+			file_change_m(b);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "D "))
+			file_change_d(b);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "R "))
+			file_change_cr(b, 1);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "C "))
+			file_change_cr(b, 0);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "N "))
+			note_change_n(b, prev_fanout);
+		else if (!strcmp("deleteall", command_buf.buf))
+			file_change_deleteall(b);
+		else {
+			unread_command_buf = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (read_next_command() == EOF)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	new_fanout = convert_num_notes_to_fanout(b->num_notes);
+	if (new_fanout != prev_fanout)
+		b->num_notes = change_note_fanout(&b->branch_tree, new_fanout);
+
+	/* build the tree and the commit */
+	store_tree(&b->branch_tree);
+	hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1,
+		b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&new_data);
+	strbuf_addf(&new_data, "tree %s\n",
+		sha1_to_hex(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1));
+	if (!is_null_sha1(b->sha1))
+		strbuf_addf(&new_data, "parent %s\n", sha1_to_hex(b->sha1));
+	while (merge_list) {
+		struct hash_list *next = merge_list->next;
+		strbuf_addf(&new_data, "parent %s\n", sha1_to_hex(merge_list->sha1));
+		free(merge_list);
+		merge_list = next;
+	}
+	strbuf_addf(&new_data,
+		"author %s\n"
+		"committer %s\n"
+		"\n",
+		author ? author : committer, committer);
+	strbuf_addbuf(&new_data, &msg);
+	free(author);
+	free(committer);
+
+	if (!store_object(OBJ_COMMIT, &new_data, NULL, b->sha1, next_mark))
+		b->pack_id = pack_id;
+	b->last_commit = object_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT];
+}
+
+static void parse_new_tag(void)
+{
+	static struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *sp;
+	const char *from;
+	char *tagger;
+	struct branch *s;
+	struct tag *t;
+	uintmax_t from_mark = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/* Obtain the new tag name from the rest of our command */
+	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	t = pool_alloc(sizeof(struct tag));
+	t->next_tag = NULL;
+	t->name = pool_strdup(sp);
+	if (last_tag)
+		last_tag->next_tag = t;
+	else
+		first_tag = t;
+	last_tag = t;
+	read_next_command();
+
+	/* from ... */
+	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "from "))
+		die("Expected from command, got %s", command_buf.buf);
+	from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	s = lookup_branch(from);
+	if (s) {
+		hashcpy(sha1, s->sha1);
+		type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	} else if (*from == ':') {
+		struct object_entry *oe;
+		from_mark = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+		oe = find_mark(from_mark);
+		type = oe->type;
+		hashcpy(sha1, oe->sha1);
+	} else if (!get_sha1(from, sha1)) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		char *buf;
+
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf || size < 46)
+			die("Not a valid commit: %s", from);
+		free(buf);
+	} else
+		die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
+	read_next_command();
+
+	/* tagger ... */
+	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "tagger ")) {
+		tagger = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 7);
+		read_next_command();
+	} else
+		tagger = NULL;
+
+	/* tag payload/message */
+	parse_data(&msg, 0, NULL);
+
+	/* build the tag object */
+	strbuf_reset(&new_data);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&new_data,
+		    "object %s\n"
+		    "type %s\n"
+		    "tag %s\n",
+		    sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type), t->name);
+	if (tagger)
+		strbuf_addf(&new_data,
+			    "tagger %s\n", tagger);
+	strbuf_addch(&new_data, '\n');
+	strbuf_addbuf(&new_data, &msg);
+	free(tagger);
+
+	if (store_object(OBJ_TAG, &new_data, NULL, t->sha1, 0))
+		t->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
+	else
+		t->pack_id = pack_id;
+}
+
+static void parse_reset_branch(void)
+{
+	struct branch *b;
+	char *sp;
+
+	/* Obtain the branch name from the rest of our command */
+	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	b = lookup_branch(sp);
+	if (b) {
+		hashclr(b->sha1);
+		hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1);
+		hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1);
+		if (b->branch_tree.tree) {
+			release_tree_content_recursive(b->branch_tree.tree);
+			b->branch_tree.tree = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		b = new_branch(sp);
+	read_next_command();
+	parse_from(b);
+	if (command_buf.len > 0)
+		unread_command_buf = 1;
+}
+
+static void parse_checkpoint(void)
+{
+	if (object_count) {
+		cycle_packfile();
+		dump_branches();
+		dump_tags();
+		dump_marks();
+	}
+	skip_optional_lf();
+}
+
+static void parse_progress(void)
+{
+	fwrite(command_buf.buf, 1, command_buf.len, stdout);
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	skip_optional_lf();
+}
+
+static char* make_fast_import_path(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf abs_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!relative_marks_paths || is_absolute_path(path))
+		return xstrdup(path);
+	strbuf_addf(&abs_path, "%s/info/fast-import/%s", get_git_dir(), path);
+	return strbuf_detach(&abs_path, NULL);
+}
+
+static void option_import_marks(const char *marks, int from_stream)
+{
+	if (import_marks_file) {
+		if (from_stream)
+			die("Only one import-marks command allowed per stream");
+
+		/* read previous mark file */
+		if(!import_marks_file_from_stream)
+			read_marks();
+	}
+
+	import_marks_file = make_fast_import_path(marks);
+	import_marks_file_from_stream = from_stream;
+}
+
+static void option_date_format(const char *fmt)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(fmt, "raw"))
+		whenspec = WHENSPEC_RAW;
+	else if (!strcmp(fmt, "rfc2822"))
+		whenspec = WHENSPEC_RFC2822;
+	else if (!strcmp(fmt, "now"))
+		whenspec = WHENSPEC_NOW;
+	else
+		die("unknown --date-format argument %s", fmt);
+}
+
+static void option_depth(const char *depth)
+{
+	max_depth = strtoul(depth, NULL, 0);
+	if (max_depth > MAX_DEPTH)
+		die("--depth cannot exceed %u", MAX_DEPTH);
+}
+
+static void option_active_branches(const char *branches)
+{
+	max_active_branches = strtoul(branches, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static void option_export_marks(const char *marks)
+{
+	export_marks_file = make_fast_import_path(marks);
+}
+
+static void option_export_pack_edges(const char *edges)
+{
+	if (pack_edges)
+		fclose(pack_edges);
+	pack_edges = fopen(edges, "a");
+	if (!pack_edges)
+		die_errno("Cannot open '%s'", edges);
+}
+
+static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(option, "max-pack-size=")) {
+		unsigned long v;
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(option + 14, &v))
+			return 0;
+		if (v < 8192) {
+			warning("max-pack-size is now in bytes, assuming --max-pack-size=%lum", v);
+			v *= 1024 * 1024;
+		} else if (v < 1024 * 1024) {
+			warning("minimum max-pack-size is 1 MiB");
+			v = 1024 * 1024;
+		}
+		max_packsize = v;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "big-file-threshold=")) {
+		unsigned long v;
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(option + 19, &v))
+			return 0;
+		big_file_threshold = v;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "depth=")) {
+		option_depth(option + 6);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "active-branches=")) {
+		option_active_branches(option + 16);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "export-pack-edges=")) {
+		option_export_pack_edges(option + 18);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "quiet")) {
+		show_stats = 0;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "stats")) {
+		show_stats = 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_one_feature(const char *feature, int from_stream)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(feature, "date-format=")) {
+		option_date_format(feature + 12);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "import-marks=")) {
+		option_import_marks(feature + 13, from_stream);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "export-marks=")) {
+		option_export_marks(feature + 13);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "relative-marks")) {
+		relative_marks_paths = 1;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "no-relative-marks")) {
+		relative_marks_paths = 0;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "force")) {
+		force_update = 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void parse_feature(void)
+{
+	char *feature = command_buf.buf + 8;
+
+	if (seen_data_command)
+		die("Got feature command '%s' after data command", feature);
+
+	if (parse_one_feature(feature, 1))
+		return;
+
+	die("This version of fast-import does not support feature %s.", feature);
+}
+
+static void parse_option(void)
+{
+	char *option = command_buf.buf + 11;
+
+	if (seen_data_command)
+		die("Got option command '%s' after data command", option);
+
+	if (parse_one_option(option))
+		return;
+
+	die("This version of fast-import does not support option: %s", option);
+}
+
+static int git_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.depth")) {
+		max_depth = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (max_depth > MAX_DEPTH)
+			max_depth = MAX_DEPTH;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.compression")) {
+		int level = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (level == -1)
+			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+			die("bad pack compression level %d", level);
+		pack_compression_level = level;
+		pack_compression_seen = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "core.bigfilethreshold")) {
+		long n = git_config_int(k, v);
+		big_file_threshold = 0 < n ? n : 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+static const char fast_import_usage[] =
+"git fast-import [--date-format=f] [--max-pack-size=n] [--big-file-threshold=n] [--depth=n] [--active-branches=n] [--export-marks=marks.file]";
+
+static void parse_argv(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < global_argc; i++) {
+		const char *a = global_argv[i];
+
+		if (*a != '-' || !strcmp(a, "--"))
+			break;
+
+		if (parse_one_option(a + 2))
+			continue;
+
+		if (parse_one_feature(a + 2, 0))
+			continue;
+
+		die("unknown option %s", a);
+	}
+	if (i != global_argc)
+		usage(fast_import_usage);
+
+	seen_data_command = 1;
+	if (import_marks_file)
+		read_marks();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		usage(fast_import_usage);
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (!pack_compression_seen && core_compression_seen)
+		pack_compression_level = core_compression_level;
+
+	alloc_objects(object_entry_alloc);
+	strbuf_init(&command_buf, 0);
+	atom_table = xcalloc(atom_table_sz, sizeof(struct atom_str*));
+	branch_table = xcalloc(branch_table_sz, sizeof(struct branch*));
+	avail_tree_table = xcalloc(avail_tree_table_sz, sizeof(struct avail_tree_content*));
+	marks = pool_calloc(1, sizeof(struct mark_set));
+
+	global_argc = argc;
+	global_argv = argv;
+
+	rc_free = pool_alloc(cmd_save * sizeof(*rc_free));
+	for (i = 0; i < (cmd_save - 1); i++)
+		rc_free[i].next = &rc_free[i + 1];
+	rc_free[cmd_save - 1].next = NULL;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	start_packfile();
+	set_die_routine(die_nicely);
+	while (read_next_command() != EOF) {
+		if (!strcmp("blob", command_buf.buf))
+			parse_new_blob();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "commit "))
+			parse_new_commit();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "tag "))
+			parse_new_tag();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "reset "))
+			parse_reset_branch();
+		else if (!strcmp("checkpoint", command_buf.buf))
+			parse_checkpoint();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "progress "))
+			parse_progress();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "feature "))
+			parse_feature();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option git "))
+			parse_option();
+		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option "))
+			/* ignore non-git options*/;
+		else
+			die("Unsupported command: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	}
+
+	/* argv hasn't been parsed yet, do so */
+	if (!seen_data_command)
+		parse_argv();
+
+	end_packfile();
+
+	dump_branches();
+	dump_tags();
+	unkeep_all_packs();
+	dump_marks();
+
+	if (pack_edges)
+		fclose(pack_edges);
+
+	if (show_stats) {
+		uintmax_t total_count = 0, duplicate_count = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(object_count_by_type); i++)
+			total_count += object_count_by_type[i];
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(duplicate_count_by_type); i++)
+			duplicate_count += duplicate_count_by_type[i];
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s statistics:\n", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "---------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "Alloc'd objects: %10" PRIuMAX "\n", alloc_count);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Total objects:   %10" PRIuMAX " (%10" PRIuMAX " duplicates                  )\n", total_count, duplicate_count);
+		fprintf(stderr, "      blobs  :   %10" PRIuMAX " (%10" PRIuMAX " duplicates %10" PRIuMAX " deltas)\n", object_count_by_type[OBJ_BLOB], duplicate_count_by_type[OBJ_BLOB], delta_count_by_type[OBJ_BLOB]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "      trees  :   %10" PRIuMAX " (%10" PRIuMAX " duplicates %10" PRIuMAX " deltas)\n", object_count_by_type[OBJ_TREE], duplicate_count_by_type[OBJ_TREE], delta_count_by_type[OBJ_TREE]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "      commits:   %10" PRIuMAX " (%10" PRIuMAX " duplicates %10" PRIuMAX " deltas)\n", object_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT], duplicate_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT], delta_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "      tags   :   %10" PRIuMAX " (%10" PRIuMAX " duplicates %10" PRIuMAX " deltas)\n", object_count_by_type[OBJ_TAG], duplicate_count_by_type[OBJ_TAG], delta_count_by_type[OBJ_TAG]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Total branches:  %10lu (%10lu loads     )\n", branch_count, branch_load_count);
+		fprintf(stderr, "      marks:     %10" PRIuMAX " (%10" PRIuMAX " unique    )\n", (((uintmax_t)1) << marks->shift) * 1024, marks_set_count);
+		fprintf(stderr, "      atoms:     %10u\n", atom_cnt);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Memory total:    %10" PRIuMAX " KiB\n", (total_allocd + alloc_count*sizeof(struct object_entry))/1024);
+		fprintf(stderr, "       pools:    %10lu KiB\n", (unsigned long)(total_allocd/1024));
+		fprintf(stderr, "     objects:    %10" PRIuMAX " KiB\n", (alloc_count*sizeof(struct object_entry))/1024);
+		fprintf(stderr, "---------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+		pack_report();
+		fprintf(stderr, "---------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	}
+
+	return failure ? 1 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/fetch-pack.h b/fetch-pack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbe85ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fetch-pack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef FETCH_PACK_H
+#define FETCH_PACK_H
+
+struct fetch_pack_args
+{
+	const char *uploadpack;
+	int unpacklimit;
+	int depth;
+	unsigned quiet:1,
+		keep_pack:1,
+		lock_pack:1,
+		use_thin_pack:1,
+		fetch_all:1,
+		verbose:1,
+		no_progress:1,
+		include_tag:1,
+		stateless_rpc:1;
+};
+
+struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		const struct ref *ref,
+		const char *dest,
+		int nr_heads,
+		char **heads,
+		char **pack_lockfile);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/fixup-builtins b/fixup-builtins
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..63dfa4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fixup-builtins
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+while [ "$1" ]
+do
+	if [ "$1" != "git-sh-setup" -a "$1" != "git-parse-remote" -a "$1" != "git-svn" ]; then
+		old="$1"
+		new=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/git-/git /')
+		echo "Converting '$old' to '$new'"
+		sed -i "s/\\<$old\\>/$new/g" $(git ls-files '*.sh')
+	fi
+	shift
+done
+
+sed -i 's/git merge-one-file/git-merge-one-file/g
+s/git rebase-todo/git-rebase-todo/g' $(git ls-files '*.sh')
+git update-index --refresh >& /dev/null
+exit 0
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89278c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "fsck.h"
+
+static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+{
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	int res = 0;
+
+	if (parse_tree(tree))
+		return -1;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		int result;
+
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
+			continue;
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
+			result = walk(&lookup_tree(entry.sha1)->object, OBJ_TREE, data);
+		else if (S_ISREG(entry.mode) || S_ISLNK(entry.mode))
+			result = walk(&lookup_blob(entry.sha1)->object, OBJ_BLOB, data);
+		else {
+			result = error("in tree %s: entry %s has bad mode %.6o\n",
+					sha1_to_hex(tree->object.sha1), entry.path, entry.mode);
+		}
+		if (result < 0)
+			return result;
+		if (!res)
+			res = result;
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+
+static int fsck_walk_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	int res;
+	int result;
+
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return -1;
+
+	result = walk((struct object *)commit->tree, OBJ_TREE, data);
+	if (result < 0)
+		return result;
+	res = result;
+
+	parents = commit->parents;
+	while (parents) {
+		result = walk((struct object *)parents->item, OBJ_COMMIT, data);
+		if (result < 0)
+			return result;
+		if (!res)
+			res = result;
+		parents = parents->next;
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+
+static int fsck_walk_tag(struct tag *tag, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+{
+	if (parse_tag(tag))
+		return -1;
+	return walk(tag->tagged, OBJ_ANY, data);
+}
+
+int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
+{
+	if (!obj)
+		return -1;
+	switch (obj->type) {
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		return 0;
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		return fsck_walk_tree((struct tree *)obj, walk, data);
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		return fsck_walk_commit((struct commit *)obj, walk, data);
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		return fsck_walk_tag((struct tag *)obj, walk, data);
+	default:
+		error("Unknown object type for %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * The entries in a tree are ordered in the _path_ order,
+ * which means that a directory entry is ordered by adding
+ * a slash to the end of it.
+ *
+ * So a directory called "a" is ordered _after_ a file
+ * called "a.c", because "a/" sorts after "a.c".
+ */
+#define TREE_UNORDERED (-1)
+#define TREE_HAS_DUPS  (-2)
+
+static int verify_ordered(unsigned mode1, const char *name1, unsigned mode2, const char *name2)
+{
+	int len1 = strlen(name1);
+	int len2 = strlen(name2);
+	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
+	unsigned char c1, c2;
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, len);
+	if (cmp < 0)
+		return 0;
+	if (cmp > 0)
+		return TREE_UNORDERED;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok, the first <len> characters are the same.
+	 * Now we need to order the next one, but turn
+	 * a '\0' into a '/' for a directory entry.
+	 */
+	c1 = name1[len];
+	c2 = name2[len];
+	if (!c1 && !c2)
+		/*
+		 * git-write-tree used to write out a nonsense tree that has
+		 * entries with the same name, one blob and one tree.  Make
+		 * sure we do not have duplicate entries.
+		 */
+		return TREE_HAS_DUPS;
+	if (!c1 && S_ISDIR(mode1))
+		c1 = '/';
+	if (!c2 && S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		c2 = '/';
+	return c1 < c2 ? 0 : TREE_UNORDERED;
+}
+
+static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	int retval;
+	int has_full_path = 0;
+	int has_empty_name = 0;
+	int has_zero_pad = 0;
+	int has_bad_modes = 0;
+	int has_dup_entries = 0;
+	int not_properly_sorted = 0;
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	unsigned o_mode;
+	const char *o_name;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, item->buffer, item->size);
+
+	o_mode = 0;
+	o_name = NULL;
+
+	while (desc.size) {
+		unsigned mode;
+		const char *name;
+
+		tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
+
+		if (strchr(name, '/'))
+			has_full_path = 1;
+		if (!*name)
+			has_empty_name = 1;
+		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
+		update_tree_entry(&desc);
+
+		switch (mode) {
+		/*
+		 * Standard modes..
+		 */
+		case S_IFREG | 0755:
+		case S_IFREG | 0644:
+		case S_IFLNK:
+		case S_IFDIR:
+		case S_IFGITLINK:
+			break;
+		/*
+		 * This is nonstandard, but we had a few of these
+		 * early on when we honored the full set of mode
+		 * bits..
+		 */
+		case S_IFREG | 0664:
+			if (!strict)
+				break;
+		default:
+			has_bad_modes = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (o_name) {
+			switch (verify_ordered(o_mode, o_name, mode, name)) {
+			case TREE_UNORDERED:
+				not_properly_sorted = 1;
+				break;
+			case TREE_HAS_DUPS:
+				has_dup_entries = 1;
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		o_mode = mode;
+		o_name = name;
+	}
+
+	retval = 0;
+	if (has_full_path)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains full pathnames");
+	if (has_empty_name)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains empty pathname");
+	if (has_zero_pad)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains zero-padded file modes");
+	if (has_bad_modes)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains bad file modes");
+	if (has_dup_entries)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_ERROR, "contains duplicate file entries");
+	if (not_properly_sorted)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_ERROR, "not properly sorted");
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	char *buffer = commit->buffer;
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20], sha1[20];
+	struct commit_graft *graft;
+	int parents = 0;
+
+	if (commit->date == ULONG_MAX)
+		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line");
+
+	if (memcmp(buffer, "tree ", 5))
+		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'tree' line");
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+5, tree_sha1) || buffer[45] != '\n')
+		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'tree' line format - bad sha1");
+	buffer += 46;
+	while (!memcmp(buffer, "parent ", 7)) {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+7, sha1) || buffer[47] != '\n')
+			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'parent' line format - bad sha1");
+		buffer += 48;
+		parents++;
+	}
+	graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.sha1);
+	if (graft) {
+		struct commit_list *p = commit->parents;
+		parents = 0;
+		while (p) {
+			p = p->next;
+			parents++;
+		}
+		if (graft->nr_parent == -1 && !parents)
+			; /* shallow commit */
+		else if (graft->nr_parent != parents)
+			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "graft objects missing");
+	} else {
+		struct commit_list *p = commit->parents;
+		while (p && parents) {
+			p = p->next;
+			parents--;
+		}
+		if (p || parents)
+			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "parent objects missing");
+	}
+	if (memcmp(buffer, "author ", 7))
+		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'author' line");
+	if (!commit->tree)
+		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "could not load commit's tree %s", sha1_to_hex(tree_sha1));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fsck_tag(struct tag *tag, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	struct object *tagged = tag->tagged;
+
+	if (!tagged)
+		return error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "could not load tagged object");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	if (!obj)
+		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "no valid object to fsck");
+
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
+		return 0;
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE)
+		return fsck_tree((struct tree *) obj, strict, error_func);
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return fsck_commit((struct commit *) obj, error_func);
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+		return fsck_tag((struct tag *) obj, error_func);
+
+	return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "unknown type '%d' (internal fsck error)",
+			  obj->type);
+}
+
+int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int len;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "object %s:", obj->sha1?sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1):"(null)");
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(sb.buf + sb.len, strbuf_avail(&sb), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (len < 0)
+		len = 0;
+	if (len >= strbuf_avail(&sb)) {
+		strbuf_grow(&sb, len + 2);
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		len = vsnprintf(sb.buf + sb.len, strbuf_avail(&sb), fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+		if (len >= strbuf_avail(&sb))
+			die("this should not happen, your snprintf is broken");
+	}
+
+	error("%s", sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/fsck.h b/fsck.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e4f527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fsck.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef GIT_FSCK_H
+#define GIT_FSCK_H
+
+#define FSCK_ERROR 1
+#define FSCK_WARN 2
+
+/*
+ * callback function for fsck_walk
+ * type is the expected type of the object or OBJ_ANY
+ * the return value is:
+ *     0	everything OK
+ *     <0	error signaled and abort
+ *     >0	error signaled and do not abort
+ */
+typedef int (*fsck_walk_func)(struct object *obj, int type, void *data);
+
+/* callback for fsck_object, type is FSCK_ERROR or FSCK_WARN */
+typedef int (*fsck_error)(struct object *obj, int type, const char *err, ...);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+/* descend in all linked child objects
+ * the return value is:
+ *    -1	error in processing the object
+ *    <0	return value of the callback, which lead to an abort
+ *    >0	return value of the first signaled error >0 (in the case of no other errors)
+ *    0		everything OK
+ */
+int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data);
+int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/generate-cmdlist.sh b/generate-cmdlist.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..75c68d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/generate-cmdlist.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+echo "/* Automatically generated by $0 */
+struct cmdname_help
+{
+    char name[16];
+    char help[80];
+};
+
+static struct cmdname_help common_cmds[] = {"
+
+sed -n -e 's/^git-\([^ 	]*\)[ 	].* common.*/\1/p' command-list.txt |
+sort |
+while read cmd
+do
+     sed -n '
+     /^NAME/,/git-'"$cmd"'/H
+     ${
+            x
+            s/.*git-'"$cmd"' - \(.*\)/  {"'"$cmd"'", "\1"},/
+	    p
+     }' "Documentation/git-$cmd.txt"
+done
+echo "};"
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd43c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1576 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+use strict;
+use Git;
+
+binmode(STDOUT, ":raw");
+
+my $repo = Git->repository();
+
+my $menu_use_color = $repo->get_colorbool('color.interactive');
+my ($prompt_color, $header_color, $help_color) =
+	$menu_use_color ? (
+		$repo->get_color('color.interactive.prompt', 'bold blue'),
+		$repo->get_color('color.interactive.header', 'bold'),
+		$repo->get_color('color.interactive.help', 'red bold'),
+	) : ();
+my $error_color = ();
+if ($menu_use_color) {
+	my $help_color_spec = ($repo->config('color.interactive.help') or
+				'red bold');
+	$error_color = $repo->get_color('color.interactive.error',
+					$help_color_spec);
+}
+
+my $diff_use_color = $repo->get_colorbool('color.diff');
+my ($fraginfo_color) =
+	$diff_use_color ? (
+		$repo->get_color('color.diff.frag', 'cyan'),
+	) : ();
+my ($diff_plain_color) =
+	$diff_use_color ? (
+		$repo->get_color('color.diff.plain', ''),
+	) : ();
+my ($diff_old_color) =
+	$diff_use_color ? (
+		$repo->get_color('color.diff.old', 'red'),
+	) : ();
+my ($diff_new_color) =
+	$diff_use_color ? (
+		$repo->get_color('color.diff.new', 'green'),
+	) : ();
+
+my $normal_color = $repo->get_color("", "reset");
+
+my $use_readkey = 0;
+sub ReadMode;
+sub ReadKey;
+if ($repo->config_bool("interactive.singlekey")) {
+	eval {
+		require Term::ReadKey;
+		Term::ReadKey->import;
+		$use_readkey = 1;
+	};
+}
+
+sub colored {
+	my $color = shift;
+	my $string = join("", @_);
+
+	if (defined $color) {
+		# Put a color code at the beginning of each line, a reset at the end
+		# color after newlines that are not at the end of the string
+		$string =~ s/(\n+)(.)/$1$color$2/g;
+		# reset before newlines
+		$string =~ s/(\n+)/$normal_color$1/g;
+		# codes at beginning and end (if necessary):
+		$string =~ s/^/$color/;
+		$string =~ s/$/$normal_color/ unless $string =~ /\n$/;
+	}
+	return $string;
+}
+
+# command line options
+my $patch_mode;
+my $patch_mode_revision;
+
+sub apply_patch;
+sub apply_patch_for_checkout_commit;
+sub apply_patch_for_stash;
+
+my %patch_modes = (
+	'stage' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-files -p',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch 'apply --cached', @_; },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply --cached',
+		VERB => 'Stage',
+		TARGET => '',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'staging',
+		FILTER => 'file-only',
+	},
+	'stash' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-index -p HEAD',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch 'apply --cached', @_; },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply --cached',
+		VERB => 'Stash',
+		TARGET => '',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'stashing',
+		FILTER => undef,
+	},
+	'reset_head' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-index -p --cached',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch 'apply -R --cached', @_; },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply -R --cached',
+		VERB => 'Unstage',
+		TARGET => '',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'unstaging',
+		FILTER => 'index-only',
+	},
+	'reset_nothead' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-index -R -p --cached',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch 'apply --cached', @_; },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply --cached',
+		VERB => 'Apply',
+		TARGET => ' to index',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'applying',
+		FILTER => 'index-only',
+	},
+	'checkout_index' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-files -p',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch 'apply -R', @_; },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply -R',
+		VERB => 'Discard',
+		TARGET => ' from worktree',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'discarding',
+		FILTER => 'file-only',
+	},
+	'checkout_head' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-index -p',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch_for_checkout_commit '-R', @_ },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply -R',
+		VERB => 'Discard',
+		TARGET => ' from index and worktree',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'discarding',
+		FILTER => undef,
+	},
+	'checkout_nothead' => {
+		DIFF => 'diff-index -R -p',
+		APPLY => sub { apply_patch_for_checkout_commit '', @_ },
+		APPLY_CHECK => 'apply',
+		VERB => 'Apply',
+		TARGET => ' to index and worktree',
+		PARTICIPLE => 'applying',
+		FILTER => undef,
+	},
+);
+
+my %patch_mode_flavour = %{$patch_modes{stage}};
+
+sub run_cmd_pipe {
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
+		my @invalid = grep {m/[":*]/} @_;
+		die "$^O does not support: @invalid\n" if @invalid;
+		my @args = map { m/ /o ? "\"$_\"": $_ } @_;
+		return qx{@args};
+	} else {
+		my $fh = undef;
+		open($fh, '-|', @_) or die;
+		return <$fh>;
+	}
+}
+
+my ($GIT_DIR) = run_cmd_pipe(qw(git rev-parse --git-dir));
+
+if (!defined $GIT_DIR) {
+	exit(1); # rev-parse would have already said "not a git repo"
+}
+chomp($GIT_DIR);
+
+my %cquote_map = (
+ "b" => chr(8),
+ "t" => chr(9),
+ "n" => chr(10),
+ "v" => chr(11),
+ "f" => chr(12),
+ "r" => chr(13),
+ "\\" => "\\",
+ "\042" => "\042",
+);
+
+sub unquote_path {
+	local ($_) = @_;
+	my ($retval, $remainder);
+	if (!/^\042(.*)\042$/) {
+		return $_;
+	}
+	($_, $retval) = ($1, "");
+	while (/^([^\\]*)\\(.*)$/) {
+		$remainder = $2;
+		$retval .= $1;
+		for ($remainder) {
+			if (/^([0-3][0-7][0-7])(.*)$/) {
+				$retval .= chr(oct($1));
+				$_ = $2;
+				last;
+			}
+			if (/^([\\\042btnvfr])(.*)$/) {
+				$retval .= $cquote_map{$1};
+				$_ = $2;
+				last;
+			}
+			# This is malformed -- just return it as-is for now.
+			return $_[0];
+		}
+		$_ = $remainder;
+	}
+	$retval .= $_;
+	return $retval;
+}
+
+sub refresh {
+	my $fh;
+	open $fh, 'git update-index --refresh |'
+	    or die;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		;# ignore 'needs update'
+	}
+	close $fh;
+}
+
+sub list_untracked {
+	map {
+		chomp $_;
+		unquote_path($_);
+	}
+	run_cmd_pipe(qw(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard --), @ARGV);
+}
+
+my $status_fmt = '%12s %12s %s';
+my $status_head = sprintf($status_fmt, 'staged', 'unstaged', 'path');
+
+{
+	my $initial;
+	sub is_initial_commit {
+		$initial = system('git rev-parse HEAD -- >/dev/null 2>&1') != 0
+			unless defined $initial;
+		return $initial;
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_empty_tree {
+	return '4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904';
+}
+
+# Returns list of hashes, contents of each of which are:
+# VALUE:	pathname
+# BINARY:	is a binary path
+# INDEX:	is index different from HEAD?
+# FILE:		is file different from index?
+# INDEX_ADDDEL:	is it add/delete between HEAD and index?
+# FILE_ADDDEL:	is it add/delete between index and file?
+
+sub list_modified {
+	my ($only) = @_;
+	my (%data, @return);
+	my ($add, $del, $adddel, $file);
+	my @tracked = ();
+
+	if (@ARGV) {
+		@tracked = map {
+			chomp $_;
+			unquote_path($_);
+		} run_cmd_pipe(qw(git ls-files --), @ARGV);
+		return if (!@tracked);
+	}
+
+	my $reference;
+	if (defined $patch_mode_revision and $patch_mode_revision ne 'HEAD') {
+		$reference = $patch_mode_revision;
+	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
+		$reference = get_empty_tree();
+	} else {
+		$reference = 'HEAD';
+	}
+	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-index --cached
+			     --numstat --summary), $reference,
+			     '--', @tracked)) {
+		if (($add, $del, $file) =
+		    /^([-\d]+)	([-\d]+)	(.*)/) {
+			my ($change, $bin);
+			$file = unquote_path($file);
+			if ($add eq '-' && $del eq '-') {
+				$change = 'binary';
+				$bin = 1;
+			}
+			else {
+				$change = "+$add/-$del";
+			}
+			$data{$file} = {
+				INDEX => $change,
+				BINARY => $bin,
+				FILE => 'nothing',
+			}
+		}
+		elsif (($adddel, $file) =
+		       /^ (create|delete) mode [0-7]+ (.*)$/) {
+			$file = unquote_path($file);
+			$data{$file}{INDEX_ADDDEL} = $adddel;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-files --numstat --summary --), @tracked)) {
+		if (($add, $del, $file) =
+		    /^([-\d]+)	([-\d]+)	(.*)/) {
+			$file = unquote_path($file);
+			if (!exists $data{$file}) {
+				$data{$file} = +{
+					INDEX => 'unchanged',
+					BINARY => 0,
+				};
+			}
+			my ($change, $bin);
+			if ($add eq '-' && $del eq '-') {
+				$change = 'binary';
+				$bin = 1;
+			}
+			else {
+				$change = "+$add/-$del";
+			}
+			$data{$file}{FILE} = $change;
+			if ($bin) {
+				$data{$file}{BINARY} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		elsif (($adddel, $file) =
+		       /^ (create|delete) mode [0-7]+ (.*)$/) {
+			$file = unquote_path($file);
+			$data{$file}{FILE_ADDDEL} = $adddel;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (sort keys %data) {
+		my $it = $data{$_};
+
+		if ($only) {
+			if ($only eq 'index-only') {
+				next if ($it->{INDEX} eq 'unchanged');
+			}
+			if ($only eq 'file-only') {
+				next if ($it->{FILE} eq 'nothing');
+			}
+		}
+		push @return, +{
+			VALUE => $_,
+			%$it,
+		};
+	}
+	return @return;
+}
+
+sub find_unique {
+	my ($string, @stuff) = @_;
+	my $found = undef;
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < @stuff; $i++) {
+		my $it = $stuff[$i];
+		my $hit = undef;
+		if (ref $it) {
+			if ((ref $it) eq 'ARRAY') {
+				$it = $it->[0];
+			}
+			else {
+				$it = $it->{VALUE};
+			}
+		}
+		eval {
+			if ($it =~ /^$string/) {
+				$hit = 1;
+			};
+		};
+		if (defined $hit && defined $found) {
+			return undef;
+		}
+		if ($hit) {
+			$found = $i + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return $found;
+}
+
+# inserts string into trie and updates count for each character
+sub update_trie {
+	my ($trie, $string) = @_;
+	foreach (split //, $string) {
+		$trie = $trie->{$_} ||= {COUNT => 0};
+		$trie->{COUNT}++;
+	}
+}
+
+# returns an array of tuples (prefix, remainder)
+sub find_unique_prefixes {
+	my @stuff = @_;
+	my @return = ();
+
+	# any single prefix exceeding the soft limit is omitted
+	# if any prefix exceeds the hard limit all are omitted
+	# 0 indicates no limit
+	my $soft_limit = 0;
+	my $hard_limit = 3;
+
+	# build a trie modelling all possible options
+	my %trie;
+	foreach my $print (@stuff) {
+		if ((ref $print) eq 'ARRAY') {
+			$print = $print->[0];
+		}
+		elsif ((ref $print) eq 'HASH') {
+			$print = $print->{VALUE};
+		}
+		update_trie(\%trie, $print);
+		push @return, $print;
+	}
+
+	# use the trie to find the unique prefixes
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < @return; $i++) {
+		my $ret = $return[$i];
+		my @letters = split //, $ret;
+		my %search = %trie;
+		my ($prefix, $remainder);
+		my $j;
+		for ($j = 0; $j < @letters; $j++) {
+			my $letter = $letters[$j];
+			if ($search{$letter}{COUNT} == 1) {
+				$prefix = substr $ret, 0, $j + 1;
+				$remainder = substr $ret, $j + 1;
+				last;
+			}
+			else {
+				my $prefix = substr $ret, 0, $j;
+				return ()
+				    if ($hard_limit && $j + 1 > $hard_limit);
+			}
+			%search = %{$search{$letter}};
+		}
+		if (ord($letters[0]) > 127 ||
+		    ($soft_limit && $j + 1 > $soft_limit)) {
+			$prefix = undef;
+			$remainder = $ret;
+		}
+		$return[$i] = [$prefix, $remainder];
+	}
+	return @return;
+}
+
+# filters out prefixes which have special meaning to list_and_choose()
+sub is_valid_prefix {
+	my $prefix = shift;
+	return (defined $prefix) &&
+	    !($prefix =~ /[\s,]/) && # separators
+	    !($prefix =~ /^-/) &&    # deselection
+	    !($prefix =~ /^\d+/) &&  # selection
+	    ($prefix ne '*') &&      # "all" wildcard
+	    ($prefix ne '?');        # prompt help
+}
+
+# given a prefix/remainder tuple return a string with the prefix highlighted
+# for now use square brackets; later might use ANSI colors (underline, bold)
+sub highlight_prefix {
+	my $prefix = shift;
+	my $remainder = shift;
+
+	if (!defined $prefix) {
+		return $remainder;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_valid_prefix($prefix)) {
+		return "$prefix$remainder";
+	}
+
+	if (!$menu_use_color) {
+		return "[$prefix]$remainder";
+	}
+
+	return "$prompt_color$prefix$normal_color$remainder";
+}
+
+sub error_msg {
+	print STDERR colored $error_color, @_;
+}
+
+sub list_and_choose {
+	my ($opts, @stuff) = @_;
+	my (@chosen, @return);
+	my $i;
+	my @prefixes = find_unique_prefixes(@stuff) unless $opts->{LIST_ONLY};
+
+      TOPLOOP:
+	while (1) {
+		my $last_lf = 0;
+
+		if ($opts->{HEADER}) {
+			if (!$opts->{LIST_FLAT}) {
+				print "     ";
+			}
+			print colored $header_color, "$opts->{HEADER}\n";
+		}
+		for ($i = 0; $i < @stuff; $i++) {
+			my $chosen = $chosen[$i] ? '*' : ' ';
+			my $print = $stuff[$i];
+			my $ref = ref $print;
+			my $highlighted = highlight_prefix(@{$prefixes[$i]})
+			    if @prefixes;
+			if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
+				$print = $highlighted || $print->[0];
+			}
+			elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
+				my $value = $highlighted || $print->{VALUE};
+				$print = sprintf($status_fmt,
+				    $print->{INDEX},
+				    $print->{FILE},
+				    $value);
+			}
+			else {
+				$print = $highlighted || $print;
+			}
+			printf("%s%2d: %s", $chosen, $i+1, $print);
+			if (($opts->{LIST_FLAT}) &&
+			    (($i + 1) % ($opts->{LIST_FLAT}))) {
+				print "\t";
+				$last_lf = 0;
+			}
+			else {
+				print "\n";
+				$last_lf = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!$last_lf) {
+			print "\n";
+		}
+
+		return if ($opts->{LIST_ONLY});
+
+		print colored $prompt_color, $opts->{PROMPT};
+		if ($opts->{SINGLETON}) {
+			print "> ";
+		}
+		else {
+			print ">> ";
+		}
+		my $line = <STDIN>;
+		if (!$line) {
+			print "\n";
+			$opts->{ON_EOF}->() if $opts->{ON_EOF};
+			last;
+		}
+		chomp $line;
+		last if $line eq '';
+		if ($line eq '?') {
+			$opts->{SINGLETON} ?
+			    singleton_prompt_help_cmd() :
+			    prompt_help_cmd();
+			next TOPLOOP;
+		}
+		for my $choice (split(/[\s,]+/, $line)) {
+			my $choose = 1;
+			my ($bottom, $top);
+
+			# Input that begins with '-'; unchoose
+			if ($choice =~ s/^-//) {
+				$choose = 0;
+			}
+			# A range can be specified like 5-7 or 5-.
+			if ($choice =~ /^(\d+)-(\d*)$/) {
+				($bottom, $top) = ($1, length($2) ? $2 : 1 + @stuff);
+			}
+			elsif ($choice =~ /^\d+$/) {
+				$bottom = $top = $choice;
+			}
+			elsif ($choice eq '*') {
+				$bottom = 1;
+				$top = 1 + @stuff;
+			}
+			else {
+				$bottom = $top = find_unique($choice, @stuff);
+				if (!defined $bottom) {
+					error_msg "Huh ($choice)?\n";
+					next TOPLOOP;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($opts->{SINGLETON} && $bottom != $top) {
+				error_msg "Huh ($choice)?\n";
+				next TOPLOOP;
+			}
+			for ($i = $bottom-1; $i <= $top-1; $i++) {
+				next if (@stuff <= $i || $i < 0);
+				$chosen[$i] = $choose;
+			}
+		}
+		last if ($opts->{IMMEDIATE} || $line eq '*');
+	}
+	for ($i = 0; $i < @stuff; $i++) {
+		if ($chosen[$i]) {
+			push @return, $stuff[$i];
+		}
+	}
+	return @return;
+}
+
+sub singleton_prompt_help_cmd {
+	print colored $help_color, <<\EOF ;
+Prompt help:
+1          - select a numbered item
+foo        - select item based on unique prefix
+           - (empty) select nothing
+EOF
+}
+
+sub prompt_help_cmd {
+	print colored $help_color, <<\EOF ;
+Prompt help:
+1          - select a single item
+3-5        - select a range of items
+2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges
+foo        - select item based on unique prefix
+-...       - unselect specified items
+*          - choose all items
+           - (empty) finish selecting
+EOF
+}
+
+sub status_cmd {
+	list_and_choose({ LIST_ONLY => 1, HEADER => $status_head },
+			list_modified());
+	print "\n";
+}
+
+sub say_n_paths {
+	my $did = shift @_;
+	my $cnt = scalar @_;
+	print "$did ";
+	if (1 < $cnt) {
+		print "$cnt paths\n";
+	}
+	else {
+		print "one path\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub update_cmd {
+	my @mods = list_modified('file-only');
+	return if (!@mods);
+
+	my @update = list_and_choose({ PROMPT => 'Update',
+				       HEADER => $status_head, },
+				     @mods);
+	if (@update) {
+		system(qw(git update-index --add --remove --),
+		       map { $_->{VALUE} } @update);
+		say_n_paths('updated', @update);
+	}
+	print "\n";
+}
+
+sub revert_cmd {
+	my @update = list_and_choose({ PROMPT => 'Revert',
+				       HEADER => $status_head, },
+				     list_modified());
+	if (@update) {
+		if (is_initial_commit()) {
+			system(qw(git rm --cached),
+				map { $_->{VALUE} } @update);
+		}
+		else {
+			my @lines = run_cmd_pipe(qw(git ls-tree HEAD --),
+						 map { $_->{VALUE} } @update);
+			my $fh;
+			open $fh, '| git update-index --index-info'
+			    or die;
+			for (@lines) {
+				print $fh $_;
+			}
+			close($fh);
+			for (@update) {
+				if ($_->{INDEX_ADDDEL} &&
+				    $_->{INDEX_ADDDEL} eq 'create') {
+					system(qw(git update-index --force-remove --),
+					       $_->{VALUE});
+					print "note: $_->{VALUE} is untracked now.\n";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		refresh();
+		say_n_paths('reverted', @update);
+	}
+	print "\n";
+}
+
+sub add_untracked_cmd {
+	my @add = list_and_choose({ PROMPT => 'Add untracked' },
+				  list_untracked());
+	if (@add) {
+		system(qw(git update-index --add --), @add);
+		say_n_paths('added', @add);
+	}
+	print "\n";
+}
+
+sub run_git_apply {
+	my $cmd = shift;
+	my $fh;
+	open $fh, '| git ' . $cmd;
+	print $fh @_;
+	return close $fh;
+}
+
+sub parse_diff {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my @diff_cmd = split(" ", $patch_mode_flavour{DIFF});
+	if (defined $patch_mode_revision) {
+		push @diff_cmd, $patch_mode_revision;
+	}
+	my @diff = run_cmd_pipe("git", @diff_cmd, "--", $path);
+	my @colored = ();
+	if ($diff_use_color) {
+		@colored = run_cmd_pipe("git", @diff_cmd, qw(--color --), $path);
+	}
+	my (@hunk) = { TEXT => [], DISPLAY => [], TYPE => 'header' };
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < @diff; $i++) {
+		if ($diff[$i] =~ /^@@ /) {
+			push @hunk, { TEXT => [], DISPLAY => [],
+				TYPE => 'hunk' };
+		}
+		push @{$hunk[-1]{TEXT}}, $diff[$i];
+		push @{$hunk[-1]{DISPLAY}},
+			($diff_use_color ? $colored[$i] : $diff[$i]);
+	}
+	return @hunk;
+}
+
+sub parse_diff_header {
+	my $src = shift;
+
+	my $head = { TEXT => [], DISPLAY => [], TYPE => 'header' };
+	my $mode = { TEXT => [], DISPLAY => [], TYPE => 'mode' };
+	my $deletion = { TEXT => [], DISPLAY => [], TYPE => 'deletion' };
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < @{$src->{TEXT}}; $i++) {
+		my $dest =
+		   $src->{TEXT}->[$i] =~ /^(old|new) mode (\d+)$/ ? $mode :
+		   $src->{TEXT}->[$i] =~ /^deleted file/ ? $deletion :
+		   $head;
+		push @{$dest->{TEXT}}, $src->{TEXT}->[$i];
+		push @{$dest->{DISPLAY}}, $src->{DISPLAY}->[$i];
+	}
+	return ($head, $mode, $deletion);
+}
+
+sub hunk_splittable {
+	my ($text) = @_;
+
+	my @s = split_hunk($text);
+	return (1 < @s);
+}
+
+sub parse_hunk_header {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+	my ($o_ofs, $o_cnt, $n_ofs, $n_cnt) =
+	    $line =~ /^@@ -(\d+)(?:,(\d+))? \+(\d+)(?:,(\d+))? @@/;
+	$o_cnt = 1 unless defined $o_cnt;
+	$n_cnt = 1 unless defined $n_cnt;
+	return ($o_ofs, $o_cnt, $n_ofs, $n_cnt);
+}
+
+sub split_hunk {
+	my ($text, $display) = @_;
+	my @split = ();
+	if (!defined $display) {
+		$display = $text;
+	}
+	# If there are context lines in the middle of a hunk,
+	# it can be split, but we would need to take care of
+	# overlaps later.
+
+	my ($o_ofs, undef, $n_ofs) = parse_hunk_header($text->[0]);
+	my $hunk_start = 1;
+
+      OUTER:
+	while (1) {
+		my $next_hunk_start = undef;
+		my $i = $hunk_start - 1;
+		my $this = +{
+			TEXT => [],
+			DISPLAY => [],
+			TYPE => 'hunk',
+			OLD => $o_ofs,
+			NEW => $n_ofs,
+			OCNT => 0,
+			NCNT => 0,
+			ADDDEL => 0,
+			POSTCTX => 0,
+			USE => undef,
+		};
+
+		while (++$i < @$text) {
+			my $line = $text->[$i];
+			my $display = $display->[$i];
+			if ($line =~ /^ /) {
+				if ($this->{ADDDEL} &&
+				    !defined $next_hunk_start) {
+					# We have seen leading context and
+					# adds/dels and then here is another
+					# context, which is trailing for this
+					# split hunk and leading for the next
+					# one.
+					$next_hunk_start = $i;
+				}
+				push @{$this->{TEXT}}, $line;
+				push @{$this->{DISPLAY}}, $display;
+				$this->{OCNT}++;
+				$this->{NCNT}++;
+				if (defined $next_hunk_start) {
+					$this->{POSTCTX}++;
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+
+			# add/del
+			if (defined $next_hunk_start) {
+				# We are done with the current hunk and
+				# this is the first real change for the
+				# next split one.
+				$hunk_start = $next_hunk_start;
+				$o_ofs = $this->{OLD} + $this->{OCNT};
+				$n_ofs = $this->{NEW} + $this->{NCNT};
+				$o_ofs -= $this->{POSTCTX};
+				$n_ofs -= $this->{POSTCTX};
+				push @split, $this;
+				redo OUTER;
+			}
+			push @{$this->{TEXT}}, $line;
+			push @{$this->{DISPLAY}}, $display;
+			$this->{ADDDEL}++;
+			if ($line =~ /^-/) {
+				$this->{OCNT}++;
+			}
+			else {
+				$this->{NCNT}++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		push @split, $this;
+		last;
+	}
+
+	for my $hunk (@split) {
+		$o_ofs = $hunk->{OLD};
+		$n_ofs = $hunk->{NEW};
+		my $o_cnt = $hunk->{OCNT};
+		my $n_cnt = $hunk->{NCNT};
+
+		my $head = ("@@ -$o_ofs" .
+			    (($o_cnt != 1) ? ",$o_cnt" : '') .
+			    " +$n_ofs" .
+			    (($n_cnt != 1) ? ",$n_cnt" : '') .
+			    " @@\n");
+		my $display_head = $head;
+		unshift @{$hunk->{TEXT}}, $head;
+		if ($diff_use_color) {
+			$display_head = colored($fraginfo_color, $head);
+		}
+		unshift @{$hunk->{DISPLAY}}, $display_head;
+	}
+	return @split;
+}
+
+sub find_last_o_ctx {
+	my ($it) = @_;
+	my $text = $it->{TEXT};
+	my ($o_ofs, $o_cnt) = parse_hunk_header($text->[0]);
+	my $i = @{$text};
+	my $last_o_ctx = $o_ofs + $o_cnt;
+	while (0 < --$i) {
+		my $line = $text->[$i];
+		if ($line =~ /^ /) {
+			$last_o_ctx--;
+			next;
+		}
+		last;
+	}
+	return $last_o_ctx;
+}
+
+sub merge_hunk {
+	my ($prev, $this) = @_;
+	my ($o0_ofs, $o0_cnt, $n0_ofs, $n0_cnt) =
+	    parse_hunk_header($prev->{TEXT}[0]);
+	my ($o1_ofs, $o1_cnt, $n1_ofs, $n1_cnt) =
+	    parse_hunk_header($this->{TEXT}[0]);
+
+	my (@line, $i, $ofs, $o_cnt, $n_cnt);
+	$ofs = $o0_ofs;
+	$o_cnt = $n_cnt = 0;
+	for ($i = 1; $i < @{$prev->{TEXT}}; $i++) {
+		my $line = $prev->{TEXT}[$i];
+		if ($line =~ /^\+/) {
+			$n_cnt++;
+			push @line, $line;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		last if ($o1_ofs <= $ofs);
+
+		$o_cnt++;
+		$ofs++;
+		if ($line =~ /^ /) {
+			$n_cnt++;
+		}
+		push @line, $line;
+	}
+
+	for ($i = 1; $i < @{$this->{TEXT}}; $i++) {
+		my $line = $this->{TEXT}[$i];
+		if ($line =~ /^\+/) {
+			$n_cnt++;
+			push @line, $line;
+			next;
+		}
+		$ofs++;
+		$o_cnt++;
+		if ($line =~ /^ /) {
+			$n_cnt++;
+		}
+		push @line, $line;
+	}
+	my $head = ("@@ -$o0_ofs" .
+		    (($o_cnt != 1) ? ",$o_cnt" : '') .
+		    " +$n0_ofs" .
+		    (($n_cnt != 1) ? ",$n_cnt" : '') .
+		    " @@\n");
+	@{$prev->{TEXT}} = ($head, @line);
+}
+
+sub coalesce_overlapping_hunks {
+	my (@in) = @_;
+	my @out = ();
+
+	my ($last_o_ctx, $last_was_dirty);
+
+	for (grep { $_->{USE} } @in) {
+		if ($_->{TYPE} ne 'hunk') {
+			push @out, $_;
+			next;
+		}
+		my $text = $_->{TEXT};
+		my ($o_ofs) = parse_hunk_header($text->[0]);
+		if (defined $last_o_ctx &&
+		    $o_ofs <= $last_o_ctx &&
+		    !$_->{DIRTY} &&
+		    !$last_was_dirty) {
+			merge_hunk($out[-1], $_);
+		}
+		else {
+			push @out, $_;
+		}
+		$last_o_ctx = find_last_o_ctx($out[-1]);
+		$last_was_dirty = $_->{DIRTY};
+	}
+	return @out;
+}
+
+sub color_diff {
+	return map {
+		colored((/^@/  ? $fraginfo_color :
+			 /^\+/ ? $diff_new_color :
+			 /^-/  ? $diff_old_color :
+			 $diff_plain_color),
+			$_);
+	} @_;
+}
+
+sub edit_hunk_manually {
+	my ($oldtext) = @_;
+
+	my $hunkfile = $repo->repo_path . "/addp-hunk-edit.diff";
+	my $fh;
+	open $fh, '>', $hunkfile
+		or die "failed to open hunk edit file for writing: " . $!;
+	print $fh "# Manual hunk edit mode -- see bottom for a quick guide\n";
+	print $fh @$oldtext;
+	my $participle = $patch_mode_flavour{PARTICIPLE};
+	print $fh <<EOF;
+# ---
+# To remove '-' lines, make them ' ' lines (context).
+# To remove '+' lines, delete them.
+# Lines starting with # will be removed.
+#
+# If the patch applies cleanly, the edited hunk will immediately be
+# marked for $participle. If it does not apply cleanly, you will be given
+# an opportunity to edit again. If all lines of the hunk are removed,
+# then the edit is aborted and the hunk is left unchanged.
+EOF
+	close $fh;
+
+	chomp(my $editor = run_cmd_pipe(qw(git var GIT_EDITOR)));
+	system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, $hunkfile);
+
+	if ($? != 0) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	open $fh, '<', $hunkfile
+		or die "failed to open hunk edit file for reading: " . $!;
+	my @newtext = grep { !/^#/ } <$fh>;
+	close $fh;
+	unlink $hunkfile;
+
+	# Abort if nothing remains
+	if (!grep { /\S/ } @newtext) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	# Reinsert the first hunk header if the user accidentally deleted it
+	if ($newtext[0] !~ /^@/) {
+		unshift @newtext, $oldtext->[0];
+	}
+	return \@newtext;
+}
+
+sub diff_applies {
+	my $fh;
+	return run_git_apply($patch_mode_flavour{APPLY_CHECK} . ' --recount --check',
+			     map { @{$_->{TEXT}} } @_);
+}
+
+sub _restore_terminal_and_die {
+	ReadMode 'restore';
+	print "\n";
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+sub prompt_single_character {
+	if ($use_readkey) {
+		local $SIG{TERM} = \&_restore_terminal_and_die;
+		local $SIG{INT} = \&_restore_terminal_and_die;
+		ReadMode 'cbreak';
+		my $key = ReadKey 0;
+		ReadMode 'restore';
+		print "$key" if defined $key;
+		print "\n";
+		return $key;
+	} else {
+		return <STDIN>;
+	}
+}
+
+sub prompt_yesno {
+	my ($prompt) = @_;
+	while (1) {
+		print colored $prompt_color, $prompt;
+		my $line = prompt_single_character;
+		return 0 if $line =~ /^n/i;
+		return 1 if $line =~ /^y/i;
+	}
+}
+
+sub edit_hunk_loop {
+	my ($head, $hunk, $ix) = @_;
+	my $text = $hunk->[$ix]->{TEXT};
+
+	while (1) {
+		$text = edit_hunk_manually($text);
+		if (!defined $text) {
+			return undef;
+		}
+		my $newhunk = {
+			TEXT => $text,
+			TYPE => $hunk->[$ix]->{TYPE},
+			USE => 1,
+			DIRTY => 1,
+		};
+		if (diff_applies($head,
+				 @{$hunk}[0..$ix-1],
+				 $newhunk,
+				 @{$hunk}[$ix+1..$#{$hunk}])) {
+			$newhunk->{DISPLAY} = [color_diff(@{$text})];
+			return $newhunk;
+		}
+		else {
+			prompt_yesno(
+				'Your edited hunk does not apply. Edit again '
+				. '(saying "no" discards!) [y/n]? '
+				) or return undef;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub help_patch_cmd {
+	my $verb = lc $patch_mode_flavour{VERB};
+	my $target = $patch_mode_flavour{TARGET};
+	print colored $help_color, <<EOF ;
+y - $verb this hunk$target
+n - do not $verb this hunk$target
+q - quit, do not $verb this hunk nor any of the remaining ones
+a - $verb this and all the remaining hunks in the file
+d - do not $verb this hunk nor any of the remaining hunks in the file
+g - select a hunk to go to
+/ - search for a hunk matching the given regex
+j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
+J - leave this hunk undecided, see next hunk
+k - leave this hunk undecided, see previous undecided hunk
+K - leave this hunk undecided, see previous hunk
+s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks
+e - manually edit the current hunk
+? - print help
+EOF
+}
+
+sub apply_patch {
+	my $cmd = shift;
+	my $ret = run_git_apply $cmd . ' --recount', @_;
+	if (!$ret) {
+		print STDERR @_;
+	}
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+sub apply_patch_for_checkout_commit {
+	my $reverse = shift;
+	my $applies_index = run_git_apply 'apply '.$reverse.' --cached --recount --check', @_;
+	my $applies_worktree = run_git_apply 'apply '.$reverse.' --recount --check', @_;
+
+	if ($applies_worktree && $applies_index) {
+		run_git_apply 'apply '.$reverse.' --cached --recount', @_;
+		run_git_apply 'apply '.$reverse.' --recount', @_;
+		return 1;
+	} elsif (!$applies_index) {
+		print colored $error_color, "The selected hunks do not apply to the index!\n";
+		if (prompt_yesno "Apply them to the worktree anyway? ") {
+			return run_git_apply 'apply '.$reverse.' --recount', @_;
+		} else {
+			print colored $error_color, "Nothing was applied.\n";
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		print STDERR @_;
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+sub patch_update_cmd {
+	my @all_mods = list_modified($patch_mode_flavour{FILTER});
+	my @mods = grep { !($_->{BINARY}) } @all_mods;
+	my @them;
+
+	if (!@mods) {
+		if (@all_mods) {
+			print STDERR "Only binary files changed.\n";
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "No changes.\n";
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if ($patch_mode) {
+		@them = @mods;
+	}
+	else {
+		@them = list_and_choose({ PROMPT => 'Patch update',
+					  HEADER => $status_head, },
+					@mods);
+	}
+	for (@them) {
+		return 0 if patch_update_file($_->{VALUE});
+	}
+}
+
+# Generate a one line summary of a hunk.
+sub summarize_hunk {
+	my $rhunk = shift;
+	my $summary = $rhunk->{TEXT}[0];
+
+	# Keep the line numbers, discard extra context.
+	$summary =~ s/@@(.*?)@@.*/$1 /s;
+	$summary .= " " x (20 - length $summary);
+
+	# Add some user context.
+	for my $line (@{$rhunk->{TEXT}}) {
+		if ($line =~ m/^[+-].*\w/) {
+			$summary .= $line;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+
+	chomp $summary;
+	return substr($summary, 0, 80) . "\n";
+}
+
+
+# Print a one-line summary of each hunk in the array ref in
+# the first argument, starting wih the index in the 2nd.
+sub display_hunks {
+	my ($hunks, $i) = @_;
+	my $ctr = 0;
+	$i ||= 0;
+	for (; $i < @$hunks && $ctr < 20; $i++, $ctr++) {
+		my $status = " ";
+		if (defined $hunks->[$i]{USE}) {
+			$status = $hunks->[$i]{USE} ? "+" : "-";
+		}
+		printf "%s%2d: %s",
+			$status,
+			$i + 1,
+			summarize_hunk($hunks->[$i]);
+	}
+	return $i;
+}
+
+sub patch_update_file {
+	my $quit = 0;
+	my ($ix, $num);
+	my $path = shift;
+	my ($head, @hunk) = parse_diff($path);
+	($head, my $mode, my $deletion) = parse_diff_header($head);
+	for (@{$head->{DISPLAY}}) {
+		print;
+	}
+
+	if (@{$mode->{TEXT}}) {
+		unshift @hunk, $mode;
+	}
+	if (@{$deletion->{TEXT}}) {
+		foreach my $hunk (@hunk) {
+			push @{$deletion->{TEXT}}, @{$hunk->{TEXT}};
+			push @{$deletion->{DISPLAY}}, @{$hunk->{DISPLAY}};
+		}
+		@hunk = ($deletion);
+	}
+
+	$num = scalar @hunk;
+	$ix = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+		my ($prev, $next, $other, $undecided, $i);
+		$other = '';
+
+		if ($num <= $ix) {
+			$ix = 0;
+		}
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $ix; $i++) {
+			if (!defined $hunk[$i]{USE}) {
+				$prev = 1;
+				$other .= ',k';
+				last;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($ix) {
+			$other .= ',K';
+		}
+		for ($i = $ix + 1; $i < $num; $i++) {
+			if (!defined $hunk[$i]{USE}) {
+				$next = 1;
+				$other .= ',j';
+				last;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($ix < $num - 1) {
+			$other .= ',J';
+		}
+		if ($num > 1) {
+			$other .= ',g';
+		}
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {
+			if (!defined $hunk[$i]{USE}) {
+				$undecided = 1;
+				last;
+			}
+		}
+		last if (!$undecided);
+
+		if ($hunk[$ix]{TYPE} eq 'hunk' &&
+		    hunk_splittable($hunk[$ix]{TEXT})) {
+			$other .= ',s';
+		}
+		if ($hunk[$ix]{TYPE} eq 'hunk') {
+			$other .= ',e';
+		}
+		for (@{$hunk[$ix]{DISPLAY}}) {
+			print;
+		}
+		print colored $prompt_color, $patch_mode_flavour{VERB},
+		  ($hunk[$ix]{TYPE} eq 'mode' ? ' mode change' :
+		   $hunk[$ix]{TYPE} eq 'deletion' ? ' deletion' :
+		   ' this hunk'),
+		  $patch_mode_flavour{TARGET},
+		  " [y,n,q,a,d,/$other,?]? ";
+		my $line = prompt_single_character;
+		if ($line) {
+			if ($line =~ /^y/i) {
+				$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 1;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^n/i) {
+				$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 0;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^a/i) {
+				while ($ix < $num) {
+					if (!defined $hunk[$ix]{USE}) {
+						$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 1;
+					}
+					$ix++;
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($other =~ /g/ && $line =~ /^g(.*)/) {
+				my $response = $1;
+				my $no = $ix > 10 ? $ix - 10 : 0;
+				while ($response eq '') {
+					my $extra = "";
+					$no = display_hunks(\@hunk, $no);
+					if ($no < $num) {
+						$extra = " (<ret> to see more)";
+					}
+					print "go to which hunk$extra? ";
+					$response = <STDIN>;
+					if (!defined $response) {
+						$response = '';
+					}
+					chomp $response;
+				}
+				if ($response !~ /^\s*\d+\s*$/) {
+					error_msg "Invalid number: '$response'\n";
+				} elsif (0 < $response && $response <= $num) {
+					$ix = $response - 1;
+				} else {
+					error_msg "Sorry, only $num hunks available.\n";
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^d/i) {
+				while ($ix < $num) {
+					if (!defined $hunk[$ix]{USE}) {
+						$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 0;
+					}
+					$ix++;
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^q/i) {
+				while ($ix < $num) {
+					if (!defined $hunk[$ix]{USE}) {
+						$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 0;
+					}
+					$ix++;
+				}
+				$quit = 1;
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ m|^/(.*)|) {
+				my $regex = $1;
+				if ($1 eq "") {
+					print colored $prompt_color, "search for regex? ";
+					$regex = <STDIN>;
+					if (defined $regex) {
+						chomp $regex;
+					}
+				}
+				my $search_string;
+				eval {
+					$search_string = qr{$regex}m;
+				};
+				if ($@) {
+					my ($err,$exp) = ($@, $1);
+					$err =~ s/ at .*git-add--interactive line \d+, <STDIN> line \d+.*$//;
+					error_msg "Malformed search regexp $exp: $err\n";
+					next;
+				}
+				my $iy = $ix;
+				while (1) {
+					my $text = join ("", @{$hunk[$iy]{TEXT}});
+					last if ($text =~ $search_string);
+					$iy++;
+					$iy = 0 if ($iy >= $num);
+					if ($ix == $iy) {
+						error_msg "No hunk matches the given pattern\n";
+						last;
+					}
+				}
+				$ix = $iy;
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^K/) {
+				if ($other =~ /K/) {
+					$ix--;
+				}
+				else {
+					error_msg "No previous hunk\n";
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^J/) {
+				if ($other =~ /J/) {
+					$ix++;
+				}
+				else {
+					error_msg "No next hunk\n";
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^k/) {
+				if ($other =~ /k/) {
+					while (1) {
+						$ix--;
+						last if (!$ix ||
+							 !defined $hunk[$ix]{USE});
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					error_msg "No previous hunk\n";
+				}
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^j/) {
+				if ($other !~ /j/) {
+					error_msg "No next hunk\n";
+					next;
+				}
+			}
+			elsif ($other =~ /s/ && $line =~ /^s/) {
+				my @split = split_hunk($hunk[$ix]{TEXT}, $hunk[$ix]{DISPLAY});
+				if (1 < @split) {
+					print colored $header_color, "Split into ",
+					scalar(@split), " hunks.\n";
+				}
+				splice (@hunk, $ix, 1, @split);
+				$num = scalar @hunk;
+				next;
+			}
+			elsif ($other =~ /e/ && $line =~ /^e/) {
+				my $newhunk = edit_hunk_loop($head, \@hunk, $ix);
+				if (defined $newhunk) {
+					splice @hunk, $ix, 1, $newhunk;
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				help_patch_cmd($other);
+				next;
+			}
+			# soft increment
+			while (1) {
+				$ix++;
+				last if ($ix >= $num ||
+					 !defined $hunk[$ix]{USE});
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@hunk = coalesce_overlapping_hunks(@hunk);
+
+	my $n_lofs = 0;
+	my @result = ();
+	for (@hunk) {
+		if ($_->{USE}) {
+			push @result, @{$_->{TEXT}};
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (@result) {
+		my $fh;
+		my @patch = (@{$head->{TEXT}}, @result);
+		my $apply_routine = $patch_mode_flavour{APPLY};
+		&$apply_routine(@patch);
+		refresh();
+	}
+
+	print "\n";
+	return $quit;
+}
+
+sub diff_cmd {
+	my @mods = list_modified('index-only');
+	@mods = grep { !($_->{BINARY}) } @mods;
+	return if (!@mods);
+	my (@them) = list_and_choose({ PROMPT => 'Review diff',
+				     IMMEDIATE => 1,
+				     HEADER => $status_head, },
+				   @mods);
+	return if (!@them);
+	my $reference = is_initial_commit() ? get_empty_tree() : 'HEAD';
+	system(qw(git diff -p --cached), $reference, '--',
+		map { $_->{VALUE} } @them);
+}
+
+sub quit_cmd {
+	print "Bye.\n";
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+sub help_cmd {
+	print colored $help_color, <<\EOF ;
+status        - show paths with changes
+update        - add working tree state to the staged set of changes
+revert        - revert staged set of changes back to the HEAD version
+patch         - pick hunks and update selectively
+diff	      - view diff between HEAD and index
+add untracked - add contents of untracked files to the staged set of changes
+EOF
+}
+
+sub process_args {
+	return unless @ARGV;
+	my $arg = shift @ARGV;
+	if ($arg =~ /--patch(?:=(.*))?/) {
+		if (defined $1) {
+			if ($1 eq 'reset') {
+				$patch_mode = 'reset_head';
+				$patch_mode_revision = 'HEAD';
+				$arg = shift @ARGV or die "missing --";
+				if ($arg ne '--') {
+					$patch_mode_revision = $arg;
+					$patch_mode = ($arg eq 'HEAD' ?
+						       'reset_head' : 'reset_nothead');
+					$arg = shift @ARGV or die "missing --";
+				}
+			} elsif ($1 eq 'checkout') {
+				$arg = shift @ARGV or die "missing --";
+				if ($arg eq '--') {
+					$patch_mode = 'checkout_index';
+				} else {
+					$patch_mode_revision = $arg;
+					$patch_mode = ($arg eq 'HEAD' ?
+						       'checkout_head' : 'checkout_nothead');
+					$arg = shift @ARGV or die "missing --";
+				}
+			} elsif ($1 eq 'stage' or $1 eq 'stash') {
+				$patch_mode = $1;
+				$arg = shift @ARGV or die "missing --";
+			} else {
+				die "unknown --patch mode: $1";
+			}
+		} else {
+			$patch_mode = 'stage';
+			$arg = shift @ARGV or die "missing --";
+		}
+		die "invalid argument $arg, expecting --"
+		    unless $arg eq "--";
+		%patch_mode_flavour = %{$patch_modes{$patch_mode}};
+	}
+	elsif ($arg ne "--") {
+		die "invalid argument $arg, expecting --";
+	}
+}
+
+sub main_loop {
+	my @cmd = ([ 'status', \&status_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'update', \&update_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'revert', \&revert_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'add untracked', \&add_untracked_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'patch', \&patch_update_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'diff', \&diff_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'quit', \&quit_cmd, ],
+		   [ 'help', \&help_cmd, ],
+	);
+	while (1) {
+		my ($it) = list_and_choose({ PROMPT => 'What now',
+					     SINGLETON => 1,
+					     LIST_FLAT => 4,
+					     HEADER => '*** Commands ***',
+					     ON_EOF => \&quit_cmd,
+					     IMMEDIATE => 1 }, @cmd);
+		if ($it) {
+			eval {
+				$it->[1]->();
+			};
+			if ($@) {
+				print "$@";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+process_args();
+refresh();
+if ($patch_mode) {
+	patch_update_cmd();
+}
+else {
+	status_cmd();
+	main_loop();
+}
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/git-am.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c8b9cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,780 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Junio C Hamano
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git am [options] [<mbox>|<Maildir>...]
+git am [options] (--resolved | --skip | --abort)
+--
+i,interactive   run interactively
+b,binary*       (historical option -- no-op)
+3,3way          allow fall back on 3way merging if needed
+q,quiet         be quiet
+s,signoff       add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message
+u,utf8          recode into utf8 (default)
+k,keep          pass -k flag to git-mailinfo
+c,scissors      strip everything before a scissors line
+whitespace=     pass it through git-apply
+ignore-space-change pass it through git-apply
+ignore-whitespace pass it through git-apply
+directory=      pass it through git-apply
+C=              pass it through git-apply
+p=              pass it through git-apply
+patch-format=   format the patch(es) are in
+reject          pass it through git-apply
+resolvemsg=     override error message when patch failure occurs
+r,resolved      to be used after a patch failure
+skip            skip the current patch
+abort           restore the original branch and abort the patching operation.
+committer-date-is-author-date    lie about committer date
+ignore-date     use current timestamp for author date
+rerere-autoupdate update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
+rebasing*       (internal use for git-rebase)"
+
+. git-sh-setup
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+set_reflog_action am
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >/dev/null ||
+	die "You need to set your committer info first"
+
+if git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD >/dev/null
+then
+	HAS_HEAD=yes
+else
+	HAS_HEAD=
+fi
+
+sq () {
+	git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@"
+}
+
+stop_here () {
+    echo "$1" >"$dotest/next"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+stop_here_user_resolve () {
+    if [ -n "$resolvemsg" ]; then
+	    printf '%s\n' "$resolvemsg"
+	    stop_here $1
+    fi
+    cmdline="git am"
+    if test '' != "$interactive"
+    then
+        cmdline="$cmdline -i"
+    fi
+    if test '' != "$threeway"
+    then
+        cmdline="$cmdline -3"
+    fi
+    echo "When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\"."
+    echo "If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\"."
+    echo "To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+    stop_here $1
+}
+
+go_next () {
+	rm -f "$dotest/$msgnum" "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/msg-clean" \
+		"$dotest/patch" "$dotest/info"
+	echo "$next" >"$dotest/next"
+	this=$next
+}
+
+cannot_fallback () {
+	echo "$1"
+	echo "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+	exit 1
+}
+
+fall_back_3way () {
+    O_OBJECT=`cd "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY" && pwd`
+
+    rm -fr "$dotest"/patch-merge-*
+    mkdir "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-dir"
+
+    # First see if the patch records the index info that we can use.
+    git apply --build-fake-ancestor "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" \
+	"$dotest/patch" &&
+    GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" \
+    git write-tree >"$dotest/patch-merge-base+" ||
+    cannot_fallback "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+
+    say Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
+    if GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" \
+	git apply --cached <"$dotest/patch"
+    then
+	mv "$dotest/patch-merge-base+" "$dotest/patch-merge-base"
+	mv "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index" "$dotest/patch-merge-index"
+    else
+        cannot_fallback "Did you hand edit your patch?
+It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+    fi
+
+    test -f "$dotest/patch-merge-index" &&
+    his_tree=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-index" git write-tree) &&
+    orig_tree=$(cat "$dotest/patch-merge-base") &&
+    rm -fr "$dotest"/patch-merge-* || exit 1
+
+    say Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
+
+    # This is not so wrong.  Depending on which base we picked,
+    # orig_tree may be wildly different from ours, but his_tree
+    # has the same set of wildly different changes in parts the
+    # patch did not touch, so recursive ends up canceling them,
+    # saying that we reverted all those changes.
+
+    eval GITHEAD_$his_tree='"$FIRSTLINE"'
+    export GITHEAD_$his_tree
+    if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
+    then
+	    export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0
+    fi
+    git-merge-recursive $orig_tree -- HEAD $his_tree || {
+	    git rerere $allow_rerere_autoupdate
+	    echo Failed to merge in the changes.
+	    exit 1
+    }
+    unset GITHEAD_$his_tree
+}
+
+clean_abort () {
+	test $# = 0 || echo >&2 "$@"
+	rm -fr "$dotest"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+patch_format=
+
+check_patch_format () {
+	# early return if patch_format was set from the command line
+	if test -n "$patch_format"
+	then
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	# we default to mbox format if input is from stdin and for
+	# directories
+	if test $# = 0 || test "x$1" = "x-" || test -d "$1"
+	then
+		patch_format=mbox
+		return 0
+	fi
+
+	# otherwise, check the first few lines of the first patch to try
+	# to detect its format
+	{
+		read l1
+		read l2
+		read l3
+		case "$l1" in
+		"From "* | "From: "*)
+			patch_format=mbox
+			;;
+		'# This series applies on GIT commit'*)
+			patch_format=stgit-series
+			;;
+		"# HG changeset patch")
+			patch_format=hg
+			;;
+		*)
+			# if the second line is empty and the third is
+			# a From, Author or Date entry, this is very
+			# likely an StGIT patch
+			case "$l2,$l3" in
+			,"From: "* | ,"Author: "* | ,"Date: "*)
+				patch_format=stgit
+				;;
+			*)
+				;;
+			esac
+			;;
+		esac
+		if test -z "$patch_format" &&
+			test -n "$l1" &&
+			test -n "$l2" &&
+			test -n "$l3"
+		then
+			# This begins with three non-empty lines.  Is this a
+			# piece of e-mail a-la RFC2822?  Grab all the headers,
+			# discarding the indented remainder of folded lines,
+			# and see if it looks like that they all begin with the
+			# header field names...
+			tr -d '\015' <"$1" |
+			sed -n -e '/^$/q' -e '/^[ 	]/d' -e p |
+			sane_egrep -v '^[!-9;-~]+:' >/dev/null ||
+			patch_format=mbox
+		fi
+	} < "$1" || clean_abort
+}
+
+split_patches () {
+	case "$patch_format" in
+	mbox)
+		case "$rebasing" in
+		'')
+			keep_cr= ;;
+		?*)
+			keep_cr=--keep-cr ;;
+		esac
+		git mailsplit -d"$prec" -o"$dotest" -b $keep_cr -- "$@" > "$dotest/last" ||
+		clean_abort
+		;;
+	stgit-series)
+		if test $# -ne 1
+		then
+			clean_abort "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+		fi
+		series_dir=`dirname "$1"`
+		series_file="$1"
+		shift
+		{
+			set x
+			while read filename
+			do
+				set "$@" "$series_dir/$filename"
+			done
+			# remove the safety x
+			shift
+			# remove the arg coming from the first-line comment
+			shift
+		} < "$series_file" || clean_abort
+		# set the patch format appropriately
+		patch_format=stgit
+		# now handle the actual StGIT patches
+		split_patches "$@"
+		;;
+	stgit)
+		this=0
+		for stgit in "$@"
+		do
+			this=`expr "$this" + 1`
+			msgnum=`printf "%0${prec}d" $this`
+			# Perl version of StGIT parse_patch. The first nonemptyline
+			# not starting with Author, From or Date is the
+			# subject, and the body starts with the next nonempty
+			# line not starting with Author, From or Date
+			perl -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+				if ($subject > 1) { print ; }
+				elsif (/^\s+$/) { next ; }
+				elsif (/^Author:/) { print s/Author/From/ ; }
+				elsif (/^(From|Date)/) { print ; }
+				elsif ($subject) {
+					$subject = 2 ;
+					print "\n" ;
+					print ;
+				} else {
+					print "Subject: ", $_ ;
+					$subject = 1;
+				}
+			' < "$stgit" > "$dotest/$msgnum" || clean_abort
+		done
+		echo "$this" > "$dotest/last"
+		this=
+		msgnum=
+		;;
+	*)
+		if test -n "$parse_patch" ; then
+			clean_abort "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+		else
+			clean_abort "Patch format detection failed."
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+prec=4
+dotest="$GIT_DIR/rebase-apply"
+sign= utf8=t keep= skip= interactive= resolved= rebasing= abort=
+resolvemsg= resume= scissors= no_inbody_headers=
+git_apply_opt=
+committer_date_is_author_date=
+ignore_date=
+allow_rerere_autoupdate=
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-i|--interactive)
+		interactive=t ;;
+	-b|--binary)
+		: ;;
+	-3|--3way)
+		threeway=t ;;
+	-s|--signoff)
+		sign=t ;;
+	-u|--utf8)
+		utf8=t ;; # this is now default
+	--no-utf8)
+		utf8= ;;
+	-k|--keep)
+		keep=t ;;
+	-c|--scissors)
+		scissors=t ;;
+	--no-scissors)
+		scissors=f ;;
+	-r|--resolved)
+		resolved=t ;;
+	--skip)
+		skip=t ;;
+	--abort)
+		abort=t ;;
+	--rebasing)
+		rebasing=t threeway=t keep=t scissors=f no_inbody_headers=t ;;
+	-d|--dotest)
+		die "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+		;;
+	--resolvemsg)
+		shift; resolvemsg=$1 ;;
+	--whitespace|--directory)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1=$2")"; shift ;;
+	-C|-p)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1$2")"; shift ;;
+	--patch-format)
+		shift ; patch_format="$1" ;;
+	--reject|--ignore-whitespace|--ignore-space-change)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $1" ;;
+	--committer-date-is-author-date)
+		committer_date_is_author_date=t ;;
+	--ignore-date)
+		ignore_date=t ;;
+	--rerere-autoupdate|--no-rerere-autoupdate)
+		allow_rerere_autoupdate="$1" ;;
+	-q|--quiet)
+		GIT_QUIET=t ;;
+	--)
+		shift; break ;;
+	*)
+		usage ;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+# If the dotest directory exists, but we have finished applying all the
+# patches in them, clear it out.
+if test -d "$dotest" &&
+   last=$(cat "$dotest/last") &&
+   next=$(cat "$dotest/next") &&
+   test $# != 0 &&
+   test "$next" -gt "$last"
+then
+   rm -fr "$dotest"
+fi
+
+if test -d "$dotest"
+then
+	case "$#,$skip$resolved$abort" in
+	0,*t*)
+		# Explicit resume command and we do not have file, so
+		# we are happy.
+		: ;;
+	0,)
+		# No file input but without resume parameters; catch
+		# user error to feed us a patch from standard input
+		# when there is already $dotest.  This is somewhat
+		# unreliable -- stdin could be /dev/null for example
+		# and the caller did not intend to feed us a patch but
+		# wanted to continue unattended.
+		test -t 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		false
+		;;
+	esac ||
+	die "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+	resume=yes
+
+	case "$skip,$abort" in
+	t,t)
+		die "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+		;;
+	t,)
+		git rerere clear
+		git read-tree --reset -u HEAD HEAD
+		orig_head=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD")
+		git reset HEAD
+		git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
+		;;
+	,t)
+		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+		then
+			exec git rebase --abort
+		fi
+		git rerere clear
+		test -f "$dotest/dirtyindex" || {
+			git read-tree --reset -u HEAD ORIG_HEAD
+			git reset ORIG_HEAD
+		}
+		rm -fr "$dotest"
+		exit ;;
+	esac
+	rm -f "$dotest/dirtyindex"
+else
+	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --resolved, nor --abort
+	test "$skip$resolved$abort" = "" ||
+		die "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+
+	# Start afresh.
+	mkdir -p "$dotest" || exit
+
+	if test -n "$prefix" && test $# != 0
+	then
+		first=t
+		for arg
+		do
+			test -n "$first" && {
+				set x
+				first=
+			}
+			case "$arg" in
+			/*)
+				set "$@" "$arg" ;;
+			*)
+				set "$@" "$prefix$arg" ;;
+			esac
+		done
+		shift
+	fi
+
+	check_patch_format "$@"
+
+	split_patches "$@"
+
+	# -i can and must be given when resuming; everything
+	# else is kept
+	echo " $git_apply_opt" >"$dotest/apply-opt"
+	echo "$threeway" >"$dotest/threeway"
+	echo "$sign" >"$dotest/sign"
+	echo "$utf8" >"$dotest/utf8"
+	echo "$keep" >"$dotest/keep"
+	echo "$scissors" >"$dotest/scissors"
+	echo "$no_inbody_headers" >"$dotest/no_inbody_headers"
+	echo "$GIT_QUIET" >"$dotest/quiet"
+	echo 1 >"$dotest/next"
+	if test -n "$rebasing"
+	then
+		: >"$dotest/rebasing"
+	else
+		: >"$dotest/applying"
+		if test -n "$HAS_HEAD"
+		then
+			git update-ref ORIG_HEAD HEAD
+		else
+			git update-ref -d ORIG_HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+		fi
+	fi
+fi
+
+case "$resolved" in
+'')
+	case "$HAS_HEAD" in
+	'')
+		files=$(git ls-files) ;;
+	?*)
+		files=$(git diff-index --cached --name-only HEAD --) ;;
+	esac || exit
+	if test "$files"
+	then
+		test -n "$HAS_HEAD" && : >"$dotest/dirtyindex"
+		die "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+	fi
+esac
+
+if test "$(cat "$dotest/utf8")" = t
+then
+	utf8=-u
+else
+	utf8=-n
+fi
+if test "$(cat "$dotest/keep")" = t
+then
+	keep=-k
+fi
+case "$(cat "$dotest/scissors")" in
+t)
+	scissors=--scissors ;;
+f)
+	scissors=--no-scissors ;;
+esac
+if test "$(cat "$dotest/no_inbody_headers")" = t
+then
+	no_inbody_headers=--no-inbody-headers
+else
+	no_inbody_headers=
+fi
+if test "$(cat "$dotest/quiet")" = t
+then
+	GIT_QUIET=t
+fi
+if test "$(cat "$dotest/threeway")" = t
+then
+	threeway=t
+fi
+git_apply_opt=$(cat "$dotest/apply-opt")
+if test "$(cat "$dotest/sign")" = t
+then
+	SIGNOFF=`git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e '
+			s/>.*/>/
+			s/^/Signed-off-by: /'
+		`
+else
+	SIGNOFF=
+fi
+
+last=`cat "$dotest/last"`
+this=`cat "$dotest/next"`
+if test "$skip" = t
+then
+	this=`expr "$this" + 1`
+	resume=
+fi
+
+if test "$this" -gt "$last"
+then
+	say Nothing to do.
+	rm -fr "$dotest"
+	exit
+fi
+
+while test "$this" -le "$last"
+do
+	msgnum=`printf "%0${prec}d" $this`
+	next=`expr "$this" + 1`
+	test -f "$dotest/$msgnum" || {
+		resume=
+		go_next
+		continue
+	}
+
+	# If we are not resuming, parse and extract the patch information
+	# into separate files:
+	#  - info records the authorship and title
+	#  - msg is the rest of commit log message
+	#  - patch is the patch body.
+	#
+	# When we are resuming, these files are either already prepared
+	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --resolved flag.
+	case "$resume" in
+	'')
+		git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
+			<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
+			stop_here $this
+
+		# skip pine's internal folder data
+		sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
+			<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
+			go_next && continue
+
+		test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
+			echo "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?"
+			stop_here $this
+		}
+		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing" &&
+			commit=$(sed -e 's/^From \([0-9a-f]*\) .*/\1/' \
+				-e q "$dotest/$msgnum") &&
+			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit
+		then
+			git cat-file commit "$commit" |
+			sed -e '1,/^$/d' >"$dotest/msg-clean"
+		else
+			{
+				sed -n '/^Subject/ s/Subject: //p' "$dotest/info"
+				echo
+				cat "$dotest/msg"
+			} |
+			git stripspace > "$dotest/msg-clean"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="$(sed -n '/^Author/ s/Author: //p' "$dotest/info")"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$(sed -n '/^Email/ s/Email: //p' "$dotest/info")"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$(sed -n '/^Date/ s/Date: //p' "$dotest/info")"
+
+	if test -z "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"
+	then
+		echo "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+		stop_here $this
+	fi
+
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+
+	case "$resume" in
+	'')
+	    if test '' != "$SIGNOFF"
+	    then
+		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=`
+		    sed -ne '/^Signed-off-by: /p' \
+		    "$dotest/msg-clean" |
+		    sed -ne '$p'
+		`
+		ADD_SIGNOFF=`
+		    test "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" = "$SIGNOFF" || {
+		    test '' = "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" && echo
+		    echo "$SIGNOFF"
+		}`
+	    else
+		ADD_SIGNOFF=
+	    fi
+	    {
+		if test -s "$dotest/msg-clean"
+		then
+			cat "$dotest/msg-clean"
+		fi
+		if test '' != "$ADD_SIGNOFF"
+		then
+			echo "$ADD_SIGNOFF"
+		fi
+	    } >"$dotest/final-commit"
+	    ;;
+	*)
+		case "$resolved$interactive" in
+		tt)
+			# This is used only for interactive view option.
+			git diff-index -p --cached HEAD -- >"$dotest/patch"
+			;;
+		esac
+	esac
+
+	resume=
+	if test "$interactive" = t
+	then
+	    test -t 0 ||
+	    die "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+	    action=again
+	    while test "$action" = again
+	    do
+		echo "Commit Body is:"
+		echo "--------------------------"
+		cat "$dotest/final-commit"
+		echo "--------------------------"
+		printf "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+		read reply
+		case "$reply" in
+		[yY]*) action=yes ;;
+		[aA]*) action=yes interactive= ;;
+		[nN]*) action=skip ;;
+		[eE]*) git_editor "$dotest/final-commit"
+		       action=again ;;
+		[vV]*) action=again
+		       : ${GIT_PAGER=$(git var GIT_PAGER)}
+		       : ${LESS=-FRSX}
+		       export LESS
+		       $GIT_PAGER "$dotest/patch" ;;
+		*)     action=again ;;
+		esac
+	    done
+	else
+	    action=yes
+	fi
+	FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
+
+	if test $action = skip
+	then
+		go_next
+		continue
+	fi
+
+	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/applypatch-msg
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/applypatch-msg "$dotest/final-commit" ||
+		stop_here $this
+	fi
+
+	say "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+	case "$resolved" in
+	'')
+		# When we are allowed to fall back to 3-way later, don't give
+		# false errors during the initial attempt.
+		squelch=
+		if test "$threeway" = t
+		then
+			squelch='>/dev/null 2>&1 '
+		fi
+		eval "git apply $squelch$git_apply_opt"' --index "$dotest/patch"'
+		apply_status=$?
+		;;
+	t)
+		# Resolved means the user did all the hard work, and
+		# we do not have to do any patch application.  Just
+		# trust what the user has in the index file and the
+		# working tree.
+		resolved=
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- && {
+			echo "No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+			stop_here_user_resolve $this
+		}
+		unmerged=$(git ls-files -u)
+		if test -n "$unmerged"
+		then
+			echo "You still have unmerged paths in your index"
+			echo "did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+			stop_here_user_resolve $this
+		fi
+		apply_status=0
+		git rerere
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	if test $apply_status = 1 && test "$threeway" = t
+	then
+		if (fall_back_3way)
+		then
+		    # Applying the patch to an earlier tree and merging the
+		    # result may have produced the same tree as ours.
+		    git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- && {
+			say No changes -- Patch already applied.
+			go_next
+			continue
+		    }
+		    # clear apply_status -- we have successfully merged.
+		    apply_status=0
+		fi
+	fi
+	if test $apply_status != 0
+	then
+		printf 'Patch failed at %s %s\n' "$msgnum" "$FIRSTLINE"
+		stop_here_user_resolve $this
+	fi
+
+	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/pre-applypatch
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/pre-applypatch || stop_here $this
+	fi
+
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit=$(
+		if test -n "$ignore_date"
+		then
+			GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=
+		fi
+		parent=$(git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD) ||
+		say >&2 "applying to an empty history"
+
+		if test -n "$committer_date_is_author_date"
+		then
+			GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
+			export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		fi &&
+		git commit-tree $tree ${parent:+-p} $parent <"$dotest/final-commit"
+	) &&
+	git update-ref -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $FIRSTLINE" HEAD $commit $parent ||
+	stop_here $this
+
+	if test -x "$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-applypatch
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-applypatch
+	fi
+
+	go_next
+done
+
+git gc --auto
+
+rm -fr "$dotest"
diff --git a/git-archimport.perl b/git-archimport.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..98f3ede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-archimport.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1133 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+#
+# This tool is copyright (c) 2005, Martin Langhoff.
+# It is released under the Gnu Public License, version 2.
+#
+# The basic idea is to walk the output of tla abrowse,
+# fetch the changesets and apply them.
+#
+
+=head1 Invocation
+
+    git archimport [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ]
+	[ -D depth] [ -t tempdir ] <archive>/<branch> [ <archive>/<branch> ]
+
+Imports a project from one or more Arch repositories. It will follow branches
+and repositories within the namespaces defined by the <archive/branch>
+parameters supplied. If it cannot find the remote branch a merge comes from
+it will just import it as a regular commit. If it can find it, it will mark it
+as a merge whenever possible.
+
+See man (1) git-archimport for more details.
+
+=head1 TODO
+
+ - create tag objects instead of ref tags
+ - audit shell-escaping of filenames
+ - hide our private tags somewhere smarter
+ - find a way to make "cat *patches | patch" safe even when patchfiles are missing newlines
+ - sort and apply patches by graphing ancestry relations instead of just
+   relying in dates supplied in the changeset itself.
+   tla ancestry-graph -m could be helpful here...
+
+=head1 Devel tricks
+
+Add print in front of the shell commands invoked via backticks.
+
+=head1 Devel Notes
+
+There are several places where Arch and git terminology are intermixed
+and potentially confused.
+
+The notion of a "branch" in git is approximately equivalent to
+a "archive/category--branch--version" in Arch.  Also, it should be noted
+that the "--branch" portion of "archive/category--branch--version" is really
+optional in Arch although not many people (nor tools!) seem to know this.
+This means that "archive/category--version" is also a valid "branch"
+in git terms.
+
+We always refer to Arch names by their fully qualified variant (which
+means the "archive" name is prefixed.
+
+For people unfamiliar with Arch, an "archive" is the term for "repository",
+and can contain multiple, unrelated branches.
+
+=cut
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Std;
+use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
+use File::Path qw(mkpath rmtree);
+use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
+use Data::Dumper qw/ Dumper /;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+$SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
+$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+
+my $git_dir = $ENV{"GIT_DIR"} || ".git";
+$ENV{"GIT_DIR"} = $git_dir;
+my $ptag_dir = "$git_dir/archimport/tags";
+
+our($opt_h,$opt_f,$opt_v,$opt_T,$opt_t,$opt_D,$opt_a,$opt_o);
+
+sub usage() {
+    print STDERR <<END;
+Usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
+       [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ] [ -D depth ] [ -t tempdir ]
+       repository/arch-branch [ repository/arch-branch] ...
+END
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+getopts("fThvat:D:") or usage();
+usage if $opt_h;
+
+@ARGV >= 1 or usage();
+# $arch_branches:
+# values associated with keys:
+#   =1 - Arch version / git 'branch' detected via abrowse on a limit
+#   >1 - Arch version / git 'branch' of an auxiliary branch we've merged
+my %arch_branches = map { my $branch = $_; $branch =~ s/:[^:]*$//; $branch => 1 } @ARGV;
+
+# $branch_name_map:
+# maps arch branches to git branch names
+my %branch_name_map = map { m/^(.*):([^:]*)$/; $1 => $2 } grep { m/:/ } @ARGV;
+
+$ENV{'TMPDIR'} = $opt_t if $opt_t; # $ENV{TMPDIR} will affect tempdir() calls:
+my $tmp = tempdir('git-archimport-XXXXXX', TMPDIR => 1, CLEANUP => 1);
+$opt_v && print "+ Using $tmp as temporary directory\n";
+
+unless (-d $git_dir) { # initial import needs empty directory
+    opendir DIR, '.' or die "Unable to open current directory: $!\n";
+    while (my $entry = readdir DIR) {
+        $entry =~ /^\.\.?$/ or
+            die "Initial import needs an empty current working directory.\n"
+    }
+    closedir DIR
+}
+
+my $default_archive;		# default Arch archive
+my %reachable = ();             # Arch repositories we can access
+my %unreachable = ();           # Arch repositories we can't access :<
+my @psets  = ();                # the collection
+my %psets  = ();                # the collection, by name
+my %stats  = (			# Track which strategy we used to import:
+	get_tag => 0, replay => 0, get_new => 0, get_delta => 0,
+        simple_changeset => 0, import_or_tag => 0
+);
+
+my %rptags = ();                # my reverse private tags
+                                # to map a SHA1 to a commitid
+my $TLA = $ENV{'ARCH_CLIENT'} || 'tla';
+
+sub do_abrowse {
+    my $stage = shift;
+    while (my ($limit, $level) = each %arch_branches) {
+        next unless $level == $stage;
+
+	open ABROWSE, "$TLA abrowse -fkD --merges $limit |"
+                                or die "Problems with tla abrowse: $!";
+
+        my %ps        = ();         # the current one
+        my $lastseen  = '';
+
+        while (<ABROWSE>) {
+            chomp;
+
+            # first record padded w 8 spaces
+            if (s/^\s{8}\b//) {
+                my ($id, $type) = split(m/\s+/, $_, 2);
+
+                my %last_ps;
+                # store the record we just captured
+                if (%ps && !exists $psets{ $ps{id} }) {
+                    %last_ps = %ps; # break references
+                    push (@psets, \%last_ps);
+                    $psets{ $last_ps{id} } = \%last_ps;
+                }
+
+                my $branch = extract_versionname($id);
+                %ps = ( id => $id, branch => $branch );
+                if (%last_ps && ($last_ps{branch} eq $branch)) {
+                    $ps{parent_id} = $last_ps{id};
+                }
+
+                $arch_branches{$branch} = 1;
+                $lastseen = 'id';
+
+                # deal with types (should work with baz or tla):
+                if ($type =~ m/\(.*changeset\)/) {
+                    $ps{type} = 's';
+                } elsif ($type =~ /\(.*import\)/) {
+                    $ps{type} = 'i';
+                } elsif ($type =~ m/\(tag.*?(\S+\@\S+).*?\)/) {
+                    $ps{type} = 't';
+                    # read which revision we've tagged when we parse the log
+                    $ps{tag}  = $1;
+                } else {
+                    warn "Unknown type $type";
+                }
+
+                $arch_branches{$branch} = 1;
+                $lastseen = 'id';
+            } elsif (s/^\s{10}//) {
+                # 10 leading spaces or more
+                # indicate commit metadata
+
+                # date
+                if ($lastseen eq 'id' && m/^(\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d \d\d:\d\d:\d\d)/){
+                    $ps{date}   = $1;
+                    $lastseen = 'date';
+                } elsif ($_ eq 'merges in:') {
+                    $ps{merges} = [];
+                    $lastseen = 'merges';
+                } elsif ($lastseen eq 'merges' && s/^\s{2}//) {
+                    my $id = $_;
+                    push (@{$ps{merges}}, $id);
+
+                    # aggressive branch finding:
+                    if ($opt_D) {
+                        my $branch = extract_versionname($id);
+                        my $repo = extract_reponame($branch);
+
+                        if (archive_reachable($repo) &&
+                                !defined $arch_branches{$branch}) {
+                            $arch_branches{$branch} = $stage + 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    warn "more metadata after merges!?: $_\n" unless /^\s*$/;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (%ps && !exists $psets{ $ps{id} }) {
+            my %temp = %ps;         # break references
+            if (@psets && $psets[$#psets]{branch} eq $ps{branch}) {
+                $temp{parent_id} = $psets[$#psets]{id};
+            }
+            push (@psets, \%temp);
+            $psets{ $temp{id} } = \%temp;
+        }
+
+        close ABROWSE or die "$TLA abrowse failed on $limit\n";
+    }
+}                               # end foreach $root
+
+do_abrowse(1);
+my $depth = 2;
+$opt_D ||= 0;
+while ($depth <= $opt_D) {
+    do_abrowse($depth);
+    $depth++;
+}
+
+## Order patches by time
+# FIXME see if we can find a more optimal way to do this by graphing
+# the ancestry data and walking it, that way we won't have to rely on
+# client-supplied dates
+@psets = sort {$a->{date}.$b->{id} cmp $b->{date}.$b->{id}} @psets;
+
+#print Dumper \@psets;
+
+##
+## TODO cleanup irrelevant patches
+##      and put an initial import
+##      or a full tag
+my $import = 0;
+unless (-d $git_dir) { # initial import
+    if ($psets[0]{type} eq 'i' || $psets[0]{type} eq 't') {
+        print "Starting import from $psets[0]{id}\n";
+	`git-init`;
+	die $! if $?;
+	$import = 1;
+    } else {
+        die "Need to start from an import or a tag -- cannot use $psets[0]{id}";
+    }
+} else {    # progressing an import
+    # load the rptags
+    opendir(DIR, $ptag_dir)
+	|| die "can't opendir: $!";
+    while (my $file = readdir(DIR)) {
+        # skip non-interesting-files
+        next unless -f "$ptag_dir/$file";
+
+        # convert first '--' to '/' from old git-archimport to use
+        # as an archivename/c--b--v private tag
+        if ($file !~ m!,!) {
+            my $oldfile = $file;
+            $file =~ s!--!,!;
+            print STDERR "converting old tag $oldfile to $file\n";
+            rename("$ptag_dir/$oldfile", "$ptag_dir/$file") or die $!;
+        }
+	my $sha = ptag($file);
+	chomp $sha;
+	$rptags{$sha} = $file;
+    }
+    closedir DIR;
+}
+
+# process patchsets
+# extract the Arch repository name (Arch "archive" in Arch-speak)
+sub extract_reponame {
+    my $fq_cvbr = shift; # archivename/[[[[category]branch]version]revision]
+    return (split(/\//, $fq_cvbr))[0];
+}
+
+sub extract_versionname {
+    my $name = shift;
+    $name =~ s/--(?:patch|version(?:fix)?|base)-\d+$//;
+    return $name;
+}
+
+# convert a fully-qualified revision or version to a unique dirname:
+#   normalperson@yhbt.net-05/mpd--uclinux--1--patch-2
+# becomes: normalperson@yhbt.net-05,mpd--uclinux--1
+#
+# the git notion of a branch is closer to
+# archive/category--branch--version than archive/category--branch, so we
+# use this to convert to git branch names.
+# Also, keep archive names but replace '/' with ',' since it won't require
+# subdirectories, and is safer than swapping '--' which could confuse
+# reverse-mapping when dealing with bastard branches that
+# are just archive/category--version  (no --branch)
+sub tree_dirname {
+    my $revision = shift;
+    my $name = extract_versionname($revision);
+    $name =~ s#/#,#;
+    return $name;
+}
+
+# old versions of git-archimport just use the <category--branch> part:
+sub old_style_branchname {
+    my $id = shift;
+    my $ret = safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'parse-package-name','-p',$id);
+    chomp $ret;
+    return $ret;
+}
+
+*git_default_branchname = $opt_o ? *old_style_branchname : *tree_dirname;
+
+# retrieve default archive, since $branch_name_map keys might not include it
+sub get_default_archive {
+    if (!defined $default_archive) {
+        $default_archive = safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'my-default-archive');
+        chomp $default_archive;
+    }
+    return $default_archive;
+}
+
+sub git_branchname {
+    my $revision = shift;
+    my $name = extract_versionname($revision);
+
+    if (exists $branch_name_map{$name}) {
+	return $branch_name_map{$name};
+
+    } elsif ($name =~ m#^([^/]*)/(.*)$#
+	     && $1 eq get_default_archive()
+	     && exists $branch_name_map{$2}) {
+	# the names given in the command-line lacked the archive.
+	return $branch_name_map{$2};
+
+    } else {
+	return git_default_branchname($revision);
+    }
+}
+
+sub process_patchset_accurate {
+    my $ps = shift;
+
+    # switch to that branch if we're not already in that branch:
+    if (-e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}") {
+       system('git-checkout','-f',$ps->{branch}) == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+
+       # remove any old stuff that got leftover:
+       my $rm = safe_pipe_capture('git-ls-files','--others','-z');
+       rmtree(split(/\0/,$rm)) if $rm;
+    }
+
+    # Apply the import/changeset/merge into the working tree
+    my $dir = sync_to_ps($ps);
+    # read the new log entry:
+    my @commitlog = safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'cat-log','-d',$dir,$ps->{id});
+    die "Error in cat-log: $!" if $?;
+    chomp @commitlog;
+
+    # grab variables we want from the log, new fields get added to $ps:
+    # (author, date, email, summary, message body ...)
+    parselog($ps, \@commitlog);
+
+    if ($ps->{id} =~ /--base-0$/ && $ps->{id} ne $psets[0]{id}) {
+        # this should work when importing continuations
+        if ($ps->{tag} && (my $branchpoint = eval { ptag($ps->{tag}) })) {
+
+            # find where we are supposed to branch from
+	    if (! -e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}") {
+		system('git-branch',$ps->{branch},$branchpoint) == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+
+		# We trust Arch with the fact that this is just a tag,
+		# and it does not affect the state of the tree, so
+		# we just tag and move on.  If the user really wants us
+		# to consolidate more branches into one, don't tag because
+		# the tag name would be already taken.
+		tag($ps->{id}, $branchpoint);
+		ptag($ps->{id}, $branchpoint);
+		print " * Tagged $ps->{id} at $branchpoint\n";
+	    }
+	    system('git-checkout','-f',$ps->{branch}) == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+
+            # remove any old stuff that got leftover:
+            my $rm = safe_pipe_capture('git-ls-files','--others','-z');
+            rmtree(split(/\0/,$rm)) if $rm;
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            warn "Tagging from unknown id unsupported\n" if $ps->{tag};
+        }
+        # allow multiple bases/imports here since Arch supports cherry-picks
+        # from unrelated trees
+    }
+
+    # update the index with all the changes we got
+    system('git-diff-files --name-only -z | '.
+            'git-update-index --remove -z --stdin') == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+    system('git-ls-files --others -z | '.
+            'git-update-index --add -z --stdin') == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+    return 1;
+}
+
+# the native changeset processing strategy.  This is very fast, but
+# does not handle permissions or any renames involving directories
+sub process_patchset_fast {
+    my $ps = shift;
+    #
+    # create the branch if needed
+    #
+    if ($ps->{type} eq 'i' && !$import) {
+        die "Should not have more than one 'Initial import' per GIT import: $ps->{id}";
+    }
+
+    unless ($import) { # skip for import
+        if ( -e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}") {
+            # we know about this branch
+            system('git-checkout',$ps->{branch});
+        } else {
+            # new branch! we need to verify a few things
+            die "Branch on a non-tag!" unless $ps->{type} eq 't';
+            my $branchpoint = ptag($ps->{tag});
+            die "Tagging from unknown id unsupported: $ps->{tag}"
+                unless $branchpoint;
+
+            # find where we are supposed to branch from
+	    if (! -e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}") {
+		system('git-branch',$ps->{branch},$branchpoint) == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+
+		# We trust Arch with the fact that this is just a tag,
+		# and it does not affect the state of the tree, so
+		# we just tag and move on.  If the user really wants us
+		# to consolidate more branches into one, don't tag because
+		# the tag name would be already taken.
+		tag($ps->{id}, $branchpoint);
+		ptag($ps->{id}, $branchpoint);
+		print " * Tagged $ps->{id} at $branchpoint\n";
+            }
+            system('git-checkout',$ps->{branch}) == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+            return 0;
+        }
+        die $! if $?;
+    }
+
+    #
+    # Apply the import/changeset/merge into the working tree
+    #
+    if ($ps->{type} eq 'i' || $ps->{type} eq 't') {
+        apply_import($ps) or die $!;
+        $stats{import_or_tag}++;
+        $import=0;
+    } elsif ($ps->{type} eq 's') {
+        apply_cset($ps);
+        $stats{simple_changeset}++;
+    }
+
+    #
+    # prepare update git's index, based on what arch knows
+    # about the pset, resolve parents, etc
+    #
+
+    my @commitlog = safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'cat-archive-log',$ps->{id});
+    die "Error in cat-archive-log: $!" if $?;
+
+    parselog($ps,\@commitlog);
+
+    # imports don't give us good info
+    # on added files. Shame on them
+    if ($ps->{type} eq 'i' || $ps->{type} eq 't') {
+        system('git-ls-files --deleted -z | '.
+                'git-update-index --remove -z --stdin') == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+        system('git-ls-files --others -z | '.
+                'git-update-index --add -z --stdin') == 0 or die "$! $?\n";
+    }
+
+    # TODO: handle removed_directories and renamed_directories:
+
+    if (my $del = $ps->{removed_files}) {
+        unlink @$del;
+        while (@$del) {
+            my @slice = splice(@$del, 0, 100);
+            system('git-update-index','--remove','--',@slice) == 0 or
+                            die "Error in git-update-index --remove: $! $?\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (my $ren = $ps->{renamed_files}) {                # renamed
+        if (@$ren % 2) {
+            die "Odd number of entries in rename!?";
+        }
+
+        while (@$ren) {
+            my $from = shift @$ren;
+            my $to   = shift @$ren;
+
+            unless (-d dirname($to)) {
+                mkpath(dirname($to)); # will die on err
+            }
+            # print "moving $from $to";
+            rename($from, $to) or die "Error renaming '$from' '$to': $!\n";
+            system('git-update-index','--remove','--',$from) == 0 or
+                            die "Error in git-update-index --remove: $! $?\n";
+            system('git-update-index','--add','--',$to) == 0 or
+                            die "Error in git-update-index --add: $! $?\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (my $add = $ps->{new_files}) {
+        while (@$add) {
+            my @slice = splice(@$add, 0, 100);
+            system('git-update-index','--add','--',@slice) == 0 or
+                            die "Error in git-update-index --add: $! $?\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (my $mod = $ps->{modified_files}) {
+        while (@$mod) {
+            my @slice = splice(@$mod, 0, 100);
+            system('git-update-index','--',@slice) == 0 or
+                            die "Error in git-update-index: $! $?\n";
+        }
+    }
+    return 1; # we successfully applied the changeset
+}
+
+if ($opt_f) {
+    print "Will import patchsets using the fast strategy\n",
+            "Renamed directories and permission changes will be missed\n";
+    *process_patchset = *process_patchset_fast;
+} else {
+    print "Using the default (accurate) import strategy.\n",
+            "Things may be a bit slow\n";
+    *process_patchset = *process_patchset_accurate;
+}
+
+foreach my $ps (@psets) {
+    # process patchsets
+    $ps->{branch} = git_branchname($ps->{id});
+
+    #
+    # ensure we have a clean state
+    #
+    if (my $dirty = `git-diff-files`) {
+        die "Unclean tree when about to process $ps->{id} " .
+            " - did we fail to commit cleanly before?\n$dirty";
+    }
+    die $! if $?;
+
+    #
+    # skip commits already in repo
+    #
+    if (ptag($ps->{id})) {
+      $opt_v && print " * Skipping already imported: $ps->{id}\n";
+      next;
+    }
+
+    print " * Starting to work on $ps->{id}\n";
+
+    process_patchset($ps) or next;
+
+    # warn "errors when running git-update-index! $!";
+    my $tree = `git-write-tree`;
+    die "cannot write tree $!" if $?;
+    chomp $tree;
+
+    #
+    # Who's your daddy?
+    #
+    my @par;
+    if ( -e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}") {
+        if (open HEAD, "<","$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}") {
+            my $p = <HEAD>;
+            close HEAD;
+            chomp $p;
+            push @par, '-p', $p;
+        } else {
+            if ($ps->{type} eq 's') {
+                warn "Could not find the right head for the branch $ps->{branch}";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ($ps->{merges}) {
+        push @par, find_parents($ps);
+    }
+
+    #
+    # Commit, tag and clean state
+    #
+    $ENV{TZ}                  = 'GMT';
+    $ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME}     = $ps->{author};
+    $ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL}    = $ps->{email};
+    $ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE}     = $ps->{date};
+    $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME}  = $ps->{author};
+    $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = $ps->{email};
+    $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE}  = $ps->{date};
+
+    my $pid = open2(*READER, *WRITER,'git-commit-tree',$tree,@par)
+        or die $!;
+    print WRITER $ps->{summary},"\n\n";
+
+    # only print message if it's not empty, to avoid a spurious blank line;
+    # also append an extra newline, so there's a blank line before the
+    # following "git-archimport-id:" line.
+    print WRITER $ps->{message},"\n\n" if ($ps->{message} ne "");
+
+    # make it easy to backtrack and figure out which Arch revision this was:
+    print WRITER 'git-archimport-id: ',$ps->{id},"\n";
+
+    close WRITER;
+    my $commitid = <READER>;    # read
+    chomp $commitid;
+    close READER;
+    waitpid $pid,0;             # close;
+
+    if (length $commitid != 40) {
+        die "Something went wrong with the commit! $! $commitid";
+    }
+    #
+    # Update the branch
+    #
+    open  HEAD, ">","$git_dir/refs/heads/$ps->{branch}";
+    print HEAD $commitid;
+    close HEAD;
+    system('git-update-ref', 'HEAD', "$ps->{branch}");
+
+    # tag accordingly
+    ptag($ps->{id}, $commitid); # private tag
+    if ($opt_T || $ps->{type} eq 't' || $ps->{type} eq 'i') {
+        tag($ps->{id}, $commitid);
+    }
+    print " * Committed $ps->{id}\n";
+    print "   + tree   $tree\n";
+    print "   + commit $commitid\n";
+    $opt_v && print "   + commit date is  $ps->{date} \n";
+    $opt_v && print "   + parents:  ",join(' ',@par),"\n";
+}
+
+if ($opt_v) {
+    foreach (sort keys %stats) {
+        print" $_: $stats{$_}\n";
+    }
+}
+exit 0;
+
+# used by the accurate strategy:
+sub sync_to_ps {
+    my $ps = shift;
+    my $tree_dir = $tmp.'/'.tree_dirname($ps->{id});
+
+    $opt_v && print "sync_to_ps($ps->{id}) method: ";
+
+    if (-d $tree_dir) {
+        if ($ps->{type} eq 't') {
+	    $opt_v && print "get (tag)\n";
+            # looks like a tag-only or (worse,) a mixed tags/changeset branch,
+            # can't rely on replay to work correctly on these
+            rmtree($tree_dir);
+            safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'get','--no-pristine',$ps->{id},$tree_dir);
+            $stats{get_tag}++;
+        } else {
+                my $tree_id = arch_tree_id($tree_dir);
+                if ($ps->{parent_id} && ($ps->{parent_id} eq $tree_id)) {
+                    # the common case (hopefully)
+		    $opt_v && print "replay\n";
+                    safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'replay','-d',$tree_dir,$ps->{id});
+                    $stats{replay}++;
+                } else {
+                    # getting one tree is usually faster than getting two trees
+                    # and applying the delta ...
+                    rmtree($tree_dir);
+		    $opt_v && print "apply-delta\n";
+                    safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'get','--no-pristine',
+                                        $ps->{id},$tree_dir);
+                    $stats{get_delta}++;
+                }
+        }
+    } else {
+        # new branch work
+        $opt_v && print "get (new tree)\n";
+        safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'get','--no-pristine',$ps->{id},$tree_dir);
+        $stats{get_new}++;
+    }
+
+    # added -I flag to rsync since we're going to fast! AIEEEEE!!!!
+    system('rsync','-aI','--delete','--exclude',$git_dir,
+#               '--exclude','.arch-inventory',
+                '--exclude','.arch-ids','--exclude','{arch}',
+                '--exclude','+*','--exclude',',*',
+                "$tree_dir/",'./') == 0 or die "Cannot rsync $tree_dir: $! $?";
+    return $tree_dir;
+}
+
+sub apply_import {
+    my $ps = shift;
+    my $bname = git_branchname($ps->{id});
+
+    mkpath($tmp);
+
+    safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'get','-s','--no-pristine',$ps->{id},"$tmp/import");
+    die "Cannot get import: $!" if $?;
+    system('rsync','-aI','--delete', '--exclude',$git_dir,
+		'--exclude','.arch-ids','--exclude','{arch}',
+		"$tmp/import/", './');
+    die "Cannot rsync import:$!" if $?;
+
+    rmtree("$tmp/import");
+    die "Cannot remove tempdir: $!" if $?;
+
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub apply_cset {
+    my $ps = shift;
+
+    mkpath($tmp);
+
+    # get the changeset
+    safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'get-changeset',$ps->{id},"$tmp/changeset");
+    die "Cannot get changeset: $!" if $?;
+
+    # apply patches
+    if (`find $tmp/changeset/patches -type f -name '*.patch'`) {
+        # this can be sped up considerably by doing
+        #    (find | xargs cat) | patch
+        # but that can get mucked up by patches
+        # with missing trailing newlines or the standard
+        # 'missing newline' flag in the patch - possibly
+        # produced with an old/buggy diff.
+        # slow and safe, we invoke patch once per patchfile
+        `find $tmp/changeset/patches -type f -name '*.patch' -print0 | grep -zv '{arch}' | xargs -iFILE -0 --no-run-if-empty patch -p1 --forward -iFILE`;
+        die "Problem applying patches! $!" if $?;
+    }
+
+    # apply changed binary files
+    if (my @modified = `find $tmp/changeset/patches -type f -name '*.modified'`) {
+        foreach my $mod (@modified) {
+            chomp $mod;
+            my $orig = $mod;
+            $orig =~ s/\.modified$//; # lazy
+            $orig =~ s!^\Q$tmp\E/changeset/patches/!!;
+            #print "rsync -p '$mod' '$orig'";
+            system('rsync','-p',$mod,"./$orig");
+            die "Problem applying binary changes! $!" if $?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    # bring in new files
+    system('rsync','-aI','--exclude',$git_dir,
+		'--exclude','.arch-ids',
+		'--exclude', '{arch}',
+		"$tmp/changeset/new-files-archive/",'./');
+
+    # deleted files are hinted from the commitlog processing
+
+    rmtree("$tmp/changeset");
+}
+
+
+# =for reference
+# notes: *-files/-directories keys cannot have spaces, they're always
+# pika-escaped.  Everything after the first newline
+# A log entry looks like:
+# Revision: moodle-org--moodle--1.3.3--patch-15
+# Archive: arch-eduforge@catalyst.net.nz--2004
+# Creator: Penny Leach <penny@catalyst.net.nz>
+# Date: Wed May 25 14:15:34 NZST 2005
+# Standard-date: 2005-05-25 02:15:34 GMT
+# New-files: lang/de/.arch-ids/block_glossary_random.php.id
+#     lang/de/.arch-ids/block_html.php.id
+# New-directories: lang/de/help/questionnaire
+#     lang/de/help/questionnaire/.arch-ids
+# Renamed-files: .arch-ids/db_sears.sql.id db/.arch-ids/db_sears.sql.id
+#    db_sears.sql db/db_sears.sql
+# Removed-files: lang/be/docs/.arch-ids/release.html.id
+#     lang/be/docs/.arch-ids/releaseold.html.id
+# Modified-files: admin/cron.php admin/delete.php
+#     admin/editor.html backup/lib.php backup/restore.php
+# New-patches: arch-eduforge@catalyst.net.nz--2004/moodle-org--moodle--1.3.3--patch-15
+# Summary: Updating to latest from MOODLE_14_STABLE (1.4.5+)
+#   summary can be multiline with a leading space just like the above fields
+# Keywords:
+#
+# Updating yadda tadda tadda madda
+sub parselog {
+    my ($ps, $log) = @_;
+    my $key = undef;
+
+    # headers we want that contain filenames:
+    my %want_headers = (
+        new_files => 1,
+        modified_files => 1,
+        renamed_files => 1,
+        renamed_directories => 1,
+        removed_files => 1,
+        removed_directories => 1,
+    );
+
+    chomp (@$log);
+    while ($_ = shift @$log) {
+        if (/^Continuation-of:\s*(.*)/) {
+            $ps->{tag} = $1;
+            $key = undef;
+        } elsif (/^Summary:\s*(.*)$/ ) {
+            # summary can be multiline as long as it has a leading space.
+	    # we squeeze it onto a single line, though.
+            $ps->{summary} = [ $1 ];
+            $key = 'summary';
+        } elsif (/^Creator: (.*)\s*<([^\>]+)>/) {
+            $ps->{author} = $1;
+            $ps->{email} = $2;
+            $key = undef;
+        # any *-files or *-directories can be read here:
+        } elsif (/^([A-Z][a-z\-]+):\s*(.*)$/) {
+            my $val = $2;
+            $key = lc $1;
+            $key =~ tr/-/_/; # too lazy to quote :P
+            if ($want_headers{$key}) {
+                push @{$ps->{$key}}, split(/\s+/, $val);
+            } else {
+                $key = undef;
+            }
+        } elsif (/^$/) {
+            last; # remainder of @$log that didn't get shifted off is message
+        } elsif ($key) {
+            if (/^\s+(.*)$/) {
+                if ($key eq 'summary') {
+                    push @{$ps->{$key}}, $1;
+                } else { # files/directories:
+                    push @{$ps->{$key}}, split(/\s+/, $1);
+                }
+            } else {
+                $key = undef;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # drop leading empty lines from the log message
+    while (@$log && $log->[0] eq '') {
+	shift @$log;
+    }
+    if (exists $ps->{summary} && @{$ps->{summary}}) {
+	$ps->{summary} = join(' ', @{$ps->{summary}});
+    }
+    elsif (@$log == 0) {
+	$ps->{summary} = 'empty commit message';
+    } else {
+	$ps->{summary} = $log->[0] . '...';
+    }
+    $ps->{message} = join("\n",@$log);
+
+    # skip Arch control files, unescape pika-escaped files
+    foreach my $k (keys %want_headers) {
+        next unless (defined $ps->{$k});
+        my @tmp = ();
+        foreach my $t (@{$ps->{$k}}) {
+           next unless length ($t);
+           next if $t =~ m!\{arch\}/!;
+           next if $t =~ m!\.arch-ids/!;
+           # should we skip this?
+           next if $t =~ m!\.arch-inventory$!;
+           # tla cat-archive-log will give us filenames with spaces as file\(sp)name - why?
+           # we can assume that any filename with \ indicates some pika escaping that we want to get rid of.
+           if ($t =~ /\\/ ){
+               $t = (safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'escape','--unescaped',$t))[0];
+           }
+           push @tmp, $t;
+        }
+        $ps->{$k} = \@tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+# write/read a tag
+sub tag {
+    my ($tag, $commit) = @_;
+
+    if ($opt_o) {
+        $tag =~ s|/|--|g;
+    } else {
+	my $patchname = $tag;
+	$patchname =~ s/.*--//;
+        $tag = git_branchname ($tag) . '--' . $patchname;
+    }
+
+    if ($commit) {
+        open(C,">","$git_dir/refs/tags/$tag")
+            or die "Cannot create tag $tag: $!\n";
+        print C "$commit\n"
+            or die "Cannot write tag $tag: $!\n";
+        close(C)
+            or die "Cannot write tag $tag: $!\n";
+        print " * Created tag '$tag' on '$commit'\n" if $opt_v;
+    } else {                    # read
+        open(C,"<","$git_dir/refs/tags/$tag")
+            or die "Cannot read tag $tag: $!\n";
+        $commit = <C>;
+        chomp $commit;
+        die "Error reading tag $tag: $!\n" unless length $commit == 40;
+        close(C)
+            or die "Cannot read tag $tag: $!\n";
+        return $commit;
+    }
+}
+
+# write/read a private tag
+# reads fail softly if the tag isn't there
+sub ptag {
+    my ($tag, $commit) = @_;
+
+    # don't use subdirs for tags yet, it could screw up other porcelains
+    $tag =~ s|/|,|g;
+
+    my $tag_file = "$ptag_dir/$tag";
+    my $tag_branch_dir = dirname($tag_file);
+    mkpath($tag_branch_dir) unless (-d $tag_branch_dir);
+
+    if ($commit) {              # write
+        open(C,">",$tag_file)
+            or die "Cannot create tag $tag: $!\n";
+        print C "$commit\n"
+            or die "Cannot write tag $tag: $!\n";
+        close(C)
+            or die "Cannot write tag $tag: $!\n";
+	$rptags{$commit} = $tag
+	    unless $tag =~ m/--base-0$/;
+    } else {                    # read
+        # if the tag isn't there, return 0
+        unless ( -s $tag_file) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        open(C,"<",$tag_file)
+            or die "Cannot read tag $tag: $!\n";
+        $commit = <C>;
+        chomp $commit;
+        die "Error reading tag $tag: $!\n" unless length $commit == 40;
+        close(C)
+            or die "Cannot read tag $tag: $!\n";
+	unless (defined $rptags{$commit}) {
+	    $rptags{$commit} = $tag;
+	}
+        return $commit;
+    }
+}
+
+sub find_parents {
+    #
+    # Identify what branches are merging into me
+    # and whether we are fully merged
+    # git-merge-base <headsha> <headsha> should tell
+    # me what the base of the merge should be
+    #
+    my $ps = shift;
+
+    my %branches; # holds an arrayref per branch
+                  # the arrayref contains a list of
+                  # merged patches between the base
+                  # of the merge and the current head
+
+    my @parents;  # parents found for this commit
+
+    # simple loop to split the merges
+    # per branch
+    foreach my $merge (@{$ps->{merges}}) {
+	my $branch = git_branchname($merge);
+	unless (defined $branches{$branch} ){
+	    $branches{$branch} = [];
+	}
+	push @{$branches{$branch}}, $merge;
+    }
+
+    #
+    # foreach branch find a merge base and walk it to the
+    # head where we are, collecting the merged patchsets that
+    # Arch has recorded. Keep that in @have
+    # Compare that with the commits on the other branch
+    # between merge-base and the tip of the branch (@need)
+    # and see if we have a series of consecutive patches
+    # starting from the merge base. The tip of the series
+    # of consecutive patches merged is our new parent for
+    # that branch.
+    #
+    foreach my $branch (keys %branches) {
+
+	# check that we actually know about the branch
+	next unless -e "$git_dir/refs/heads/$branch";
+
+	my $mergebase = `git-merge-base $branch $ps->{branch}`;
+	if ($?) {
+	    # Don't die here, Arch supports one-way cherry-picking
+	    # between branches with no common base (or any relationship
+	    # at all beforehand)
+	    warn "Cannot find merge base for $branch and $ps->{branch}";
+	    next;
+	}
+	chomp $mergebase;
+
+	# now walk up to the mergepoint collecting what patches we have
+	my $branchtip = git_rev_parse($ps->{branch});
+	my @ancestors = `git-rev-list --topo-order $branchtip ^$mergebase`;
+	my %have; # collected merges this branch has
+	foreach my $merge (@{$ps->{merges}}) {
+	    $have{$merge} = 1;
+	}
+	my %ancestorshave;
+	foreach my $par (@ancestors) {
+	    $par = commitid2pset($par);
+	    if (defined $par->{merges}) {
+		foreach my $merge (@{$par->{merges}}) {
+		    $ancestorshave{$merge}=1;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	# print "++++ Merges in $ps->{id} are....\n";
+	# my @have = sort keys %have;	print Dumper(\@have);
+
+	# merge what we have with what ancestors have
+	%have = (%have, %ancestorshave);
+
+	# see what the remote branch has - these are the merges we
+	# will want to have in a consecutive series from the mergebase
+	my $otherbranchtip = git_rev_parse($branch);
+	my @needraw = `git-rev-list --topo-order $otherbranchtip ^$mergebase`;
+	my @need;
+	foreach my $needps (@needraw) { 	# get the psets
+	    $needps = commitid2pset($needps);
+	    # git-rev-list will also
+	    # list commits merged in via earlier
+	    # merges. we are only interested in commits
+	    # from the branch we're looking at
+	    if ($branch eq $needps->{branch}) {
+		push @need, $needps->{id};
+	    }
+	}
+
+	# print "++++ Merges from $branch we want are....\n";
+	# print Dumper(\@need);
+
+	my $newparent;
+	while (my $needed_commit = pop @need) {
+	    if ($have{$needed_commit}) {
+		$newparent = $needed_commit;
+	    } else {
+		last; # break out of the while
+	    }
+	}
+	if ($newparent) {
+	    push @parents, $newparent;
+	}
+
+
+    } # end foreach branch
+
+    # prune redundant parents
+    my %parents;
+    foreach my $p (@parents) {
+	$parents{$p} = 1;
+    }
+    foreach my $p (@parents) {
+	next unless exists $psets{$p}{merges};
+	next unless ref    $psets{$p}{merges};
+	my @merges = @{$psets{$p}{merges}};
+	foreach my $merge (@merges) {
+	    if ($parents{$merge}) {
+		delete $parents{$merge};
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    @parents = ();
+    foreach (keys %parents) {
+        push @parents, '-p', ptag($_);
+    }
+    return @parents;
+}
+
+sub git_rev_parse {
+    my $name = shift;
+    my $val  = `git-rev-parse $name`;
+    die "Error: git-rev-parse $name" if $?;
+    chomp $val;
+    return $val;
+}
+
+# resolve a SHA1 to a known patchset
+sub commitid2pset {
+    my $commitid = shift;
+    chomp $commitid;
+    my $name = $rptags{$commitid}
+	|| die "Cannot find reverse tag mapping for $commitid";
+    $name =~ s|,|/|;
+    my $ps   = $psets{$name}
+	|| (print Dumper(sort keys %psets)) && die "Cannot find patchset for $name";
+    return $ps;
+}
+
+
+# an alternative to `command` that allows input to be passed as an array
+# to work around shell problems with weird characters in arguments
+sub safe_pipe_capture {
+    my @output;
+    if (my $pid = open my $child, '-|') {
+        @output = (<$child>);
+        close $child or die join(' ',@_).": $! $?";
+    } else {
+	exec(@_) or die "$! $?"; # exec() can fail the executable can't be found
+    }
+    return wantarray ? @output : join('',@output);
+}
+
+# `tla logs -rf -d <dir> | head -n1` or `baz tree-id <dir>`
+sub arch_tree_id {
+    my $dir = shift;
+    chomp( my $ret = (safe_pipe_capture($TLA,'logs','-rf','-d',$dir))[0] );
+    return $ret;
+}
+
+sub archive_reachable {
+    my $archive = shift;
+    return 1 if $reachable{$archive};
+    return 0 if $unreachable{$archive};
+
+    if (system "$TLA whereis-archive $archive >/dev/null") {
+        if ($opt_a && (system($TLA,'register-archive',
+                      "http://mirrors.sourcecontrol.net/$archive") == 0)) {
+            $reachable{$archive} = 1;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        print STDERR "Archive is unreachable: $archive\n";
+        $unreachable{$archive} = 1;
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        $reachable{$archive} = 1;
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6e2acb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE='[help|start|bad|good|skip|next|reset|visualize|replay|log|run]'
+LONG_USAGE='git bisect help
+        print this long help message.
+git bisect start [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<pathspec>...]
+        reset bisect state and start bisection.
+git bisect bad [<rev>]
+        mark <rev> a known-bad revision.
+git bisect good [<rev>...]
+        mark <rev>... known-good revisions.
+git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...]
+        mark <rev>... untestable revisions.
+git bisect next
+        find next bisection to test and check it out.
+git bisect reset [<commit>]
+        finish bisection search and go back to commit.
+git bisect visualize
+        show bisect status in gitk.
+git bisect replay <logfile>
+        replay bisection log.
+git bisect log
+        show bisect log.
+git bisect run <cmd>...
+        use <cmd>... to automatically bisect.
+
+Please use "git help bisect" to get the full man page.'
+
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+
+_x40='[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'
+_x40="$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40"
+
+bisect_autostart() {
+	test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START" || {
+		echo >&2 'You need to start by "git bisect start"'
+		if test -t 0
+		then
+			echo >&2 -n 'Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? '
+			read yesno
+			case "$yesno" in
+			[Nn]*)
+				exit ;;
+			esac
+			bisect_start
+		else
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	}
+}
+
+bisect_start() {
+	#
+	# Verify HEAD.
+	#
+	head=$(GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git symbolic-ref -q HEAD) ||
+	head=$(GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
+	die "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+
+	#
+	# Check if we are bisecting.
+	#
+	start_head=''
+	if test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START"
+	then
+		# Reset to the rev from where we started.
+		start_head=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START")
+		git checkout "$start_head" -- || exit
+	else
+		# Get rev from where we start.
+		case "$head" in
+		refs/heads/*|$_x40)
+			# This error message should only be triggered by
+			# cogito usage, and cogito users should understand
+			# it relates to cg-seek.
+			[ -s "$GIT_DIR/head-name" ] &&
+				die "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+			start_head="${head#refs/heads/}"
+			;;
+		*)
+			die "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	#
+	# Get rid of any old bisect state.
+	#
+	bisect_clean_state || exit
+
+	#
+	# Check for one bad and then some good revisions.
+	#
+	has_double_dash=0
+	for arg; do
+	    case "$arg" in --) has_double_dash=1; break ;; esac
+	done
+	orig_args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")
+	bad_seen=0
+	eval=''
+	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+	    arg="$1"
+	    case "$arg" in
+	    --)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	    *)
+		rev=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$arg^{commit}") || {
+		    test $has_double_dash -eq 1 &&
+		        die "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+		    break
+		}
+		case $bad_seen in
+		0) state='bad' ; bad_seen=1 ;;
+		*) state='good' ;;
+		esac
+		eval="$eval bisect_write '$state' '$rev' 'nolog'; "
+		shift
+		;;
+	    esac
+	done
+
+	#
+	# Change state.
+	# In case of mistaken revs or checkout error, or signals received,
+	# "bisect_auto_next" below may exit or misbehave.
+	# We have to trap this to be able to clean up using
+	# "bisect_clean_state".
+	#
+	trap 'bisect_clean_state' 0
+	trap 'exit 255' 1 2 3 15
+
+	#
+	# Write new start state.
+	#
+	echo "$start_head" >"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START" &&
+	git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@" >"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES" &&
+	eval "$eval" &&
+	echo "git bisect start$orig_args" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" || exit
+	#
+	# Check if we can proceed to the next bisect state.
+	#
+	bisect_auto_next
+
+	trap '-' 0
+}
+
+bisect_write() {
+	state="$1"
+	rev="$2"
+	nolog="$3"
+	case "$state" in
+		bad)		tag="$state" ;;
+		good|skip)	tag="$state"-"$rev" ;;
+		*)		die "Bad bisect_write argument: $state" ;;
+	esac
+	git update-ref "refs/bisect/$tag" "$rev" || exit
+	echo "# $state: $(git show-branch $rev)" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+	test -n "$nolog" || echo "git bisect $state $rev" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+}
+
+is_expected_rev() {
+	test -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_EXPECTED_REV" &&
+	test "$1" = $(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_EXPECTED_REV")
+}
+
+check_expected_revs() {
+	for _rev in "$@"; do
+		if ! is_expected_rev "$_rev"; then
+			rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK"
+			rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_EXPECTED_REV"
+			return
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+bisect_skip() {
+        all=''
+	for arg in "$@"
+	do
+	    case "$arg" in
+            *..*)
+                revs=$(git rev-list "$arg") || die "Bad rev input: $arg" ;;
+            *)
+                revs=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$arg") ;;
+	    esac
+            all="$all $revs"
+        done
+        eval bisect_state 'skip' $all
+}
+
+bisect_state() {
+	bisect_autostart
+	state=$1
+	case "$#,$state" in
+	0,*)
+		die "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument." ;;
+	1,bad|1,good|1,skip)
+		rev=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
+			die "Bad rev input: HEAD"
+		bisect_write "$state" "$rev"
+		check_expected_revs "$rev" ;;
+	2,bad|*,good|*,skip)
+		shift
+		eval=''
+		for rev in "$@"
+		do
+			sha=$(git rev-parse --verify "$rev^{commit}") ||
+				die "Bad rev input: $rev"
+			eval="$eval bisect_write '$state' '$sha'; "
+		done
+		eval "$eval"
+		check_expected_revs "$@" ;;
+	*,bad)
+		die "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument." ;;
+	*)
+		usage ;;
+	esac
+	bisect_auto_next
+}
+
+bisect_next_check() {
+	missing_good= missing_bad=
+	git show-ref -q --verify refs/bisect/bad || missing_bad=t
+	test -n "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/good-*")" || missing_good=t
+
+	case "$missing_good,$missing_bad,$1" in
+	,,*)
+		: have both good and bad - ok
+		;;
+	*,)
+		# do not have both but not asked to fail - just report.
+		false
+		;;
+	t,,good)
+		# have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+		# this is less optimum.
+		echo >&2 'Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit.'
+		if test -t 0
+		then
+			printf >&2 'Are you sure [Y/n]? '
+			read yesno
+			case "$yesno" in [Nn]*) exit 1 ;; esac
+		fi
+		: bisect without good...
+		;;
+	*)
+		THEN=''
+		test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START" || {
+			echo >&2 'You need to start by "git bisect start".'
+			THEN='then '
+		}
+		echo >&2 'You '$THEN'need to give me at least one good' \
+			'and one bad revisions.'
+		echo >&2 '(You can use "git bisect bad" and' \
+			'"git bisect good" for that.)'
+		exit 1 ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+bisect_auto_next() {
+	bisect_next_check && bisect_next || :
+}
+
+bisect_next() {
+	case "$#" in 0) ;; *) usage ;; esac
+	bisect_autostart
+	bisect_next_check good
+
+	# Perform all bisection computation, display and checkout
+	git bisect--helper --next-all
+	res=$?
+
+        # Check if we should exit because bisection is finished
+	test $res -eq 10 && exit 0
+
+	# Check for an error in the bisection process
+	test $res -ne 0 && exit $res
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+bisect_visualize() {
+	bisect_next_check fail
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		case "${DISPLAY+set}${SESSIONNAME+set}${MSYSTEM+set}${SECURITYSESSIONID+set}" in
+		'')	set git log ;;
+		set*)	set gitk ;;
+		esac
+	else
+		case "$1" in
+		git*|tig) ;;
+		-*)	set git log "$@" ;;
+		*)	set git "$@" ;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	eval '"$@"' --bisect -- $(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES")
+}
+
+bisect_reset() {
+	test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START" || {
+		echo "We are not bisecting."
+		return
+	}
+	case "$#" in
+	0) branch=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START") ;;
+	1) git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$1^{commit}" > /dev/null ||
+	       die "'$1' is not a valid commit"
+	   branch="$1" ;;
+	*)
+	    usage ;;
+	esac
+	git checkout "$branch" -- && bisect_clean_state
+}
+
+bisect_clean_state() {
+	# There may be some refs packed during bisection.
+	git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)' refs/bisect/\* |
+	while read ref hash
+	do
+		git update-ref -d $ref $hash || exit
+	done
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_EXPECTED_REV" &&
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK" &&
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" &&
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES" &&
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" &&
+	# Cleanup head-name if it got left by an old version of git-bisect
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/head-name" &&
+
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START"
+}
+
+bisect_replay () {
+	test -r "$1" || die "cannot read $1 for replaying"
+	bisect_reset
+	while read git bisect command rev
+	do
+		test "$git $bisect" = "git bisect" -o "$git" = "git-bisect" || continue
+		if test "$git" = "git-bisect"; then
+			rev="$command"
+			command="$bisect"
+		fi
+		case "$command" in
+		start)
+			cmd="bisect_start $rev"
+			eval "$cmd" ;;
+		good|bad|skip)
+			bisect_write "$command" "$rev" ;;
+		*)
+			die "?? what are you talking about?" ;;
+		esac
+	done <"$1"
+	bisect_auto_next
+}
+
+bisect_run () {
+    bisect_next_check fail
+
+    while true
+    do
+      echo "running $@"
+      "$@"
+      res=$?
+
+      # Check for really bad run error.
+      if [ $res -lt 0 -o $res -ge 128 ]; then
+	  echo >&2 "bisect run failed:"
+	  echo >&2 "exit code $res from '$@' is < 0 or >= 128"
+	  exit $res
+      fi
+
+      # Find current state depending on run success or failure.
+      # A special exit code of 125 means cannot test.
+      if [ $res -eq 125 ]; then
+	  state='skip'
+      elif [ $res -gt 0 ]; then
+	  state='bad'
+      else
+	  state='good'
+      fi
+
+      # We have to use a subshell because "bisect_state" can exit.
+      ( bisect_state $state > "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" )
+      res=$?
+
+      cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN"
+
+      if sane_grep "first bad commit could be any of" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" \
+		> /dev/null; then
+	  echo >&2 "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+	  exit $res
+      fi
+
+      if [ $res -ne 0 ]; then
+	  echo >&2 "bisect run failed:"
+	  echo >&2 "'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+	  exit $res
+      fi
+
+      if sane_grep "is the first bad commit" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" > /dev/null; then
+	  echo "bisect run success"
+	  exit 0;
+      fi
+
+    done
+}
+
+
+case "$#" in
+0)
+    usage ;;
+*)
+    cmd="$1"
+    shift
+    case "$cmd" in
+    help)
+        git bisect -h ;;
+    start)
+        bisect_start "$@" ;;
+    bad|good)
+        bisect_state "$cmd" "$@" ;;
+    skip)
+        bisect_skip "$@" ;;
+    next)
+        # Not sure we want "next" at the UI level anymore.
+        bisect_next "$@" ;;
+    visualize|view)
+	bisect_visualize "$@" ;;
+    reset)
+        bisect_reset "$@" ;;
+    replay)
+	bisect_replay "$@" ;;
+    log)
+	cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG" ;;
+    run)
+        bisect_run "$@" ;;
+    *)
+        usage ;;
+    esac
+esac
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3c4537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+#ifndef GIT_COMPAT_UTIL_H
+#define GIT_COMPAT_UTIL_H
+
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+
+#ifndef FLEX_ARRAY
+/*
+ * See if our compiler is known to support flexible array members.
+ */
+#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) && (!defined(__SUNPRO_C) || (__SUNPRO_C > 0x580))
+# define FLEX_ARRAY /* empty */
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+# if (__GNUC__ >= 3)
+#  define FLEX_ARRAY /* empty */
+# else
+#  define FLEX_ARRAY 0 /* older GNU extension */
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Otherwise, default to safer but a bit wasteful traditional style
+ */
+#ifndef FLEX_ARRAY
+# define FLEX_ARRAY 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+#define bitsizeof(x)  (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(x))
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define TYPEOF(x) (__typeof__(x))
+#else
+#define TYPEOF(x)
+#endif
+
+#define MSB(x, bits) ((x) & TYPEOF(x)(~0ULL << (bitsizeof(x) - (bits))))
+#define HAS_MULTI_BITS(i)  ((i) & ((i) - 1))  /* checks if an integer has more than 1 bit set */
+
+#define DIV_ROUND_UP(n,d) (((n) + (d) - 1) / (d))
+
+/* Approximation of the length of the decimal representation of this type. */
+#define decimal_length(x)	((int)(sizeof(x) * 2.56 + 0.5) + 1)
+
+#if defined(__sun__)
+ /*
+  * On Solaris, when _XOPEN_EXTENDED is set, its header file
+  * forces the programs to be XPG4v2, defeating any _XOPEN_SOURCE
+  * setting to say we are XPG5 or XPG6.  Also on Solaris,
+  * XPG6 programs must be compiled with a c99 compiler, while
+  * non XPG6 programs must be compiled with a pre-c99 compiler.
+  */
+# if __STDC_VERSION__ - 0 >= 199901L
+# define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
+# else
+# define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
+# endif
+#elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__)  && !defined(__USLC__) && !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(sgi)
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* glibc2 and AIX 5.3L need 500, OpenBSD needs 600 for S_ISLNK() */
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1 /* AIX 5.3L needs this */
+#endif
+#define _ALL_SOURCE 1
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#define _BSD_SOURCE 1
+#define _NETBSD_SOURCE 1
+#define _SGI_SOURCE 1
+
+#ifdef WIN32 /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  /* stops windows.h including winsock.h */
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <regex.h>
+#include <utime.h>
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/poll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#ifndef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#include <grp.h>
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
+#include "compat/cygwin.h"
+#else
+#undef _ALL_SOURCE /* AIX 5.3L defines a struct list with _ALL_SOURCE. */
+#include <grp.h>
+#define _ALL_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+#else 	/* __MINGW32__ */
+/* pull in Windows compatibility stuff */
+#include "compat/mingw.h"
+#endif	/* __MINGW32__ */
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include "compat/msvc.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NO_LIBGEN_H
+#include <libgen.h>
+#else
+#define basename gitbasename
+extern char *gitbasename(char *);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NO_ICONV
+#include <iconv.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#endif
+
+/* On most systems <limits.h> would have given us this, but
+ * not on some systems (e.g. GNU/Hurd).
+ */
+#ifndef PATH_MAX
+#define PATH_MAX 4096
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRIuMAX
+#define PRIuMAX "llu"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRIu32
+#define PRIu32 "u"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRIx32
+#define PRIx32 "x"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PATH_SEP
+#define PATH_SEP ':'
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STRIP_EXTENSION
+#define STRIP_EXTENSION ""
+#endif
+
+#ifndef has_dos_drive_prefix
+#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef is_dir_sep
+#define is_dir_sep(c) ((c) == '/')
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define NORETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#define NORETURN_PTR __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define NORETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#define NORETURN_PTR
+#else
+#define NORETURN
+#define NORETURN_PTR
+#ifndef __attribute__
+#define __attribute__(x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include "compat/bswap.h"
+
+/* General helper functions */
+extern NORETURN void usage(const char *err);
+extern NORETURN void usagef(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern NORETURN void die(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern NORETURN void die_errno(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern int error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern void warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+
+extern void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
+
+extern int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
+extern int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
+
+static inline const char *skip_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(prefix);
+	return strncmp(str, prefix, len) ? NULL : str + len;
+}
+
+#if defined(NO_MMAP) || defined(USE_WIN32_MMAP)
+
+#ifndef PROT_READ
+#define PROT_READ 1
+#define PROT_WRITE 2
+#define MAP_PRIVATE 1
+#define MAP_FAILED ((void*)-1)
+#endif
+
+#define mmap git_mmap
+#define munmap git_munmap
+extern void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
+extern int git_munmap(void *start, size_t length);
+
+#else /* NO_MMAP || USE_WIN32_MMAP */
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#endif /* NO_MMAP || USE_WIN32_MMAP */
+
+#ifdef NO_MMAP
+
+/* This value must be multiple of (pagesize * 2) */
+#define DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_WINDOW_SIZE (1 * 1024 * 1024)
+
+#else /* NO_MMAP */
+
+/* This value must be multiple of (pagesize * 2) */
+#define DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_WINDOW_SIZE \
+	(sizeof(void*) >= 8 \
+		?  1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 \
+		: 32 * 1024 * 1024)
+
+#endif /* NO_MMAP */
+
+#ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
+#define on_disk_bytes(st) ((st).st_size)
+#else
+#define on_disk_bytes(st) ((st).st_blocks * 512)
+#endif
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT \
+	((1024L * 1024L) * (sizeof(void*) >= 8 ? 8192 : 256))
+
+#ifdef NO_PREAD
+#define pread git_pread
+extern ssize_t git_pread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
+#endif
+/*
+ * Forward decl that will remind us if its twin in cache.h changes.
+ * This function is used in compat/pread.c.  But we can't include
+ * cache.h there.
+ */
+extern ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
+
+#ifdef NO_SETENV
+#define setenv gitsetenv
+extern int gitsetenv(const char *, const char *, int);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_MKDTEMP
+#define mkdtemp gitmkdtemp
+extern char *gitmkdtemp(char *);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
+#define mkstemps gitmkstemps
+extern int gitmkstemps(char *, int);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_UNSETENV
+#define unsetenv gitunsetenv
+extern void gitunsetenv(const char *);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_STRCASESTR
+#define strcasestr gitstrcasestr
+extern char *gitstrcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_STRLCPY
+#define strlcpy gitstrlcpy
+extern size_t gitstrlcpy(char *, const char *, size_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_STRTOUMAX
+#define strtoumax gitstrtoumax
+extern uintmax_t gitstrtoumax(const char *, char **, int);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
+#define hstrerror githstrerror
+extern const char *githstrerror(int herror);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_MEMMEM
+#define memmem gitmemmem
+void *gitmemmem(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen,
+                const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
+#ifdef fopen
+#undef fopen
+#endif
+#define fopen(a,b) git_fopen(a,b)
+extern FILE *git_fopen(const char*, const char*);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS
+#define snprintf git_snprintf
+extern int git_snprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
+			const char *format, ...);
+#define vsnprintf git_vsnprintf
+extern int git_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
+			 const char *format, va_list ap);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GLIBC_PREREQ
+#if __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 1)
+#define HAVE_STRCHRNUL
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRCHRNUL
+#define strchrnul gitstrchrnul
+static inline char *gitstrchrnul(const char *s, int c)
+{
+	while (*s && *s != c)
+		s++;
+	return (char *)s;
+}
+#endif
+
+extern void release_pack_memory(size_t, int);
+
+extern char *xstrdup(const char *str);
+extern void *xmalloc(size_t size);
+extern void *xmallocz(size_t size);
+extern void *xmemdupz(const void *data, size_t len);
+extern char *xstrndup(const char *str, size_t len);
+extern void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
+extern void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
+extern void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
+extern ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len);
+extern ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len);
+extern int xdup(int fd);
+extern FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode);
+extern int xmkstemp(char *template);
+extern int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern);
+extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+static inline size_t xsize_t(off_t len)
+{
+	return (size_t)len;
+}
+
+static inline int has_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(filename);
+	size_t extlen = strlen(ext);
+	return len > extlen && !memcmp(filename + len - extlen, ext, extlen);
+}
+
+/* Sane ctype - no locale, and works with signed chars */
+#undef isascii
+#undef isspace
+#undef isdigit
+#undef isalpha
+#undef isalnum
+#undef tolower
+#undef toupper
+extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#define GIT_SPACE 0x01
+#define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
+#define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
+#define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
+#define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
+#define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
+#define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
+#define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
+#define isdigit(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_DIGIT)
+#define isalpha(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA)
+#define isalnum(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA | GIT_DIGIT)
+#define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
+#define is_regex_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL)
+#define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
+#define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
+
+static inline int sane_case(int x, int high)
+{
+	if (sane_istest(x, GIT_ALPHA))
+		x = (x & ~0x20) | high;
+	return x;
+}
+
+static inline int strtoul_ui(char const *s, int base, unsigned int *result)
+{
+	unsigned long ul;
+	char *p;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	ul = strtoul(s, &p, base);
+	if (errno || *p || p == s || (unsigned int) ul != ul)
+		return -1;
+	*result = ul;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int strtol_i(char const *s, int base, int *result)
+{
+	long ul;
+	char *p;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	ul = strtol(s, &p, base);
+	if (errno || *p || p == s || (int) ul != ul)
+		return -1;
+	*result = ul;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
+void git_qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+	       int(*compar)(const void *, const void *));
+#define qsort git_qsort
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
+# define FORCE_DIR_SET_GID S_ISGID
+#else
+# define FORCE_DIR_SET_GID 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_NSEC
+#undef USE_NSEC
+#define ST_CTIME_NSEC(st) 0
+#define ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) 0
+#else
+#ifdef USE_ST_TIMESPEC
+#define ST_CTIME_NSEC(st) ((unsigned int)((st).st_ctimespec.tv_nsec))
+#define ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) ((unsigned int)((st).st_mtimespec.tv_nsec))
+#else
+#define ST_CTIME_NSEC(st) ((unsigned int)((st).st_ctim.tv_nsec))
+#define ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) ((unsigned int)((st).st_mtim.tv_nsec))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UNRELIABLE_FSTAT
+#define fstat_is_reliable() 0
+#else
+#define fstat_is_reliable() 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Preserves errno, prints a message, but gives no warning for ENOENT.
+ * Always returns the return value of unlink(2).
+ */
+int unlink_or_warn(const char *path);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..59b6722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Std;
+use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
+use Data::Dumper;
+use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
+use File::Spec;
+use Git;
+
+our ($opt_h, $opt_P, $opt_p, $opt_v, $opt_c, $opt_f, $opt_a, $opt_m, $opt_d, $opt_u, $opt_w, $opt_W, $opt_k);
+
+getopts('uhPpvcfkam:d:w:W');
+
+$opt_h && usage();
+
+die "Need at least one commit identifier!" unless @ARGV;
+
+# Get git-config settings
+my $repo = Git->repository();
+$opt_w = $repo->config('cvsexportcommit.cvsdir') unless defined $opt_w;
+
+if ($opt_w || $opt_W) {
+	# Remember where GIT_DIR is before changing to CVS checkout
+	unless ($ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
+		# No GIT_DIR set. Figure it out for ourselves
+		my $gd =`git-rev-parse --git-dir`;
+		chomp($gd);
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $gd;
+	}
+	# Make sure GIT_DIR is absolute
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
+}
+
+if ($opt_w) {
+	if (! -d $opt_w."/CVS" ) {
+		die "$opt_w is not a CVS checkout";
+	}
+	chdir $opt_w or die "Cannot change to CVS checkout at $opt_w";
+}
+unless ($ENV{GIT_DIR} && -r $ENV{GIT_DIR}){
+    die "GIT_DIR is not defined or is unreadable";
+}
+
+
+my @cvs;
+if ($opt_d) {
+	@cvs = ('cvs', '-d', $opt_d);
+} else {
+	@cvs = ('cvs');
+}
+
+# resolve target commit
+my $commit;
+$commit = pop @ARGV;
+$commit = safe_pipe_capture('git-rev-parse', '--verify', "$commit^0");
+chomp $commit;
+if ($?) {
+    die "The commit reference $commit did not resolve!";
+}
+
+# resolve what parent we want
+my $parent;
+if (@ARGV) {
+    $parent = pop @ARGV;
+    $parent =  safe_pipe_capture('git-rev-parse', '--verify', "$parent^0");
+    chomp $parent;
+    if ($?) {
+	die "The parent reference did not resolve!";
+    }
+}
+
+# find parents from the commit itself
+my @commit  = safe_pipe_capture('git-cat-file', 'commit', $commit);
+my @parents;
+my $committer;
+my $author;
+my $stage = 'headers'; # headers, msg
+my $title;
+my $msg = '';
+
+foreach my $line (@commit) {
+    chomp $line;
+    if ($stage eq 'headers' && $line eq '') {
+	$stage = 'msg';
+	next;
+    }
+
+    if ($stage eq 'headers') {
+	if ($line =~ m/^parent (\w{40})$/) { # found a parent
+	    push @parents, $1;
+	} elsif ($line =~ m/^author (.+) \d+ [-+]\d+$/) {
+	    $author = $1;
+	} elsif ($line =~ m/^committer (.+) \d+ [-+]\d+$/) {
+	    $committer = $1;
+	}
+    } else {
+	$msg .= $line . "\n";
+	unless ($title) {
+	    $title = $line;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+my $noparent = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+if ($parent) {
+    my $found;
+    # double check that it's a valid parent
+    foreach my $p (@parents) {
+	if ($p eq $parent) {
+	    $found = 1;
+	    last;
+	}; # found it
+    }
+    die "Did not find $parent in the parents for this commit!" if !$found and !$opt_P;
+} else { # we don't have a parent from the cmdline...
+    if (@parents == 1) { # it's safe to get it from the commit
+	$parent = $parents[0];
+    } elsif (@parents == 0) { # there is no parent
+        $parent = $noparent;
+    } else { # cannot choose automatically from multiple parents
+        die "This commit has more than one parent -- please name the parent you want to use explicitly";
+    }
+}
+
+my $go_back_to = 0;
+
+if ($opt_W) {
+    $opt_v && print "Resetting to $parent\n";
+    $go_back_to = `git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null ||
+	git rev-parse HEAD` || die "Could not determine current branch";
+    system("git checkout -q $parent^0") && die "Could not check out $parent^0";
+}
+
+$opt_v && print "Applying to CVS commit $commit from parent $parent\n";
+
+# grab the commit message
+open(MSG, ">.msg") or die "Cannot open .msg for writing";
+if ($opt_m) {
+    print MSG $opt_m;
+}
+print MSG $msg;
+if ($opt_a) {
+    print MSG "\n\nAuthor: $author\n";
+    if ($author ne $committer) {
+	print MSG "Committer: $committer\n";
+    }
+}
+close MSG;
+
+if ($parent eq $noparent) {
+    `git-diff-tree --binary -p --root $commit >.cvsexportcommit.diff`;# || die "Cannot diff";
+} else {
+    `git-diff-tree --binary -p $parent $commit >.cvsexportcommit.diff`;# || die "Cannot diff";
+}
+
+## apply non-binary changes
+
+# In pedantic mode require all lines of context to match.  In normal
+# mode, be compatible with diff/patch: assume 3 lines of context and
+# require at least one line match, i.e. ignore at most 2 lines of
+# context, like diff/patch do by default.
+my $context = $opt_p ? '' : '-C1';
+
+print "Checking if patch will apply\n";
+
+my @stat;
+open APPLY, "GIT_DIR= git-apply $context --summary --numstat<.cvsexportcommit.diff|" || die "cannot patch";
+@stat=<APPLY>;
+close APPLY || die "Cannot patch";
+my (@bfiles,@files,@afiles,@dfiles);
+chomp @stat;
+foreach (@stat) {
+	push (@bfiles,$1) if m/^-\t-\t(.*)$/;
+	push (@files, $1) if m/^-\t-\t(.*)$/;
+	push (@files, $1) if m/^\d+\t\d+\t(.*)$/;
+	push (@afiles,$1) if m/^ create mode [0-7]+ (.*)$/;
+	push (@dfiles,$1) if m/^ delete mode [0-7]+ (.*)$/;
+}
+map { s/^"(.*)"$/$1/g } @bfiles,@files;
+map { s/\\([0-7]{3})/sprintf('%c',oct $1)/eg } @bfiles,@files;
+
+# check that the files are clean and up to date according to cvs
+my $dirty;
+my @dirs;
+foreach my $p (@afiles) {
+    my $path = dirname $p;
+    while (!-d $path and ! grep { $_ eq $path } @dirs) {
+	unshift @dirs, $path;
+	$path = dirname $path;
+    }
+}
+
+# ... check dirs,
+foreach my $d (@dirs) {
+    if (-e $d) {
+	$dirty = 1;
+	warn "$d exists and is not a directory!\n";
+    }
+}
+
+# ... query status of all files that we have a directory for and parse output of 'cvs status' to %cvsstat.
+my @canstatusfiles;
+foreach my $f (@files) {
+    my $path = dirname $f;
+    next if (grep { $_ eq $path } @dirs);
+    push @canstatusfiles, $f;
+}
+
+my %cvsstat;
+if (@canstatusfiles) {
+    if ($opt_u) {
+      my @updated = xargs_safe_pipe_capture([@cvs, 'update'], @canstatusfiles);
+      print @updated;
+    }
+    # "cvs status" reorders the parameters, notably when there are multiple
+    # arguments with the same basename.  So be precise here.
+
+    my %added = map { $_ => 1 } @afiles;
+    my %todo = map { $_ => 1 } @canstatusfiles;
+
+    while (%todo) {
+      my @canstatusfiles2 = ();
+      my %fullname = ();
+      foreach my $name (keys %todo) {
+	my $basename = basename($name);
+
+	# CVS reports files that don't exist in the current revision as
+	# "no file $basename" in its "status" output, so we should
+	# anticipate that.  Totally unknown files will have a status
+	# "Unknown". However, if they exist in the Attic, their status
+	# will be "Up-to-date" (this means they were added once but have
+	# been removed).
+	$basename = "no file $basename" if $added{$basename};
+
+	$basename =~ s/^\s+//;
+	$basename =~ s/\s+$//;
+
+	if (!exists($fullname{$basename})) {
+	  $fullname{$basename} = $name;
+	  push (@canstatusfiles2, $name);
+	  delete($todo{$name});
+	}
+      }
+      my @cvsoutput;
+      @cvsoutput = xargs_safe_pipe_capture([@cvs, 'status'], @canstatusfiles2);
+      foreach my $l (@cvsoutput) {
+	chomp $l;
+	next unless
+	    my ($file, $status) = $l =~ /^File:\s+(.*\S)\s+Status: (.*)$/;
+
+	my $fullname = $fullname{$file};
+	print STDERR "Huh? Status '$status' reported for unexpected file '$file'\n"
+	    unless defined $fullname;
+
+	# This response means the file does not exist except in
+	# CVS's attic, so set the status accordingly
+	$status = "In-attic"
+	    if $file =~ /^no file /
+		&& $status eq 'Up-to-date';
+
+	$cvsstat{$fullname{$file}} = $status
+	    if defined $fullname{$file};
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+# ... Validate that new files have the correct status
+foreach my $f (@afiles) {
+    next unless defined(my $stat = $cvsstat{$f});
+
+    # This means the file has never been seen before
+    next if $stat eq 'Unknown';
+
+    # This means the file has been seen before but was removed
+    next if $stat eq 'In-attic';
+
+    $dirty = 1;
+	warn "File $f is already known in your CVS checkout -- perhaps it has been added by another user. Or this may indicate that it exists on a different branch. If this is the case, use -f to force the merge.\n";
+	warn "Status was: $cvsstat{$f}\n";
+}
+
+# ... validate known files.
+foreach my $f (@files) {
+    next if grep { $_ eq $f } @afiles;
+    # TODO:we need to handle removed in cvs
+    unless (defined ($cvsstat{$f}) and $cvsstat{$f} eq "Up-to-date") {
+	$dirty = 1;
+	warn "File $f not up to date but has status '$cvsstat{$f}' in your CVS checkout!\n";
+    }
+
+    # Depending on how your GIT tree got imported from CVS you may
+    # have a conflict between expanded keywords in your CVS tree and
+    # unexpanded keywords in the patch about to be applied.
+    if ($opt_k) {
+	my $orig_file ="$f.orig";
+	rename $f, $orig_file;
+	open(FILTER_IN, "<$orig_file") or die "Cannot open $orig_file\n";
+	open(FILTER_OUT, ">$f") or die "Cannot open $f\n";
+	while (<FILTER_IN>)
+	{
+	    my $line = $_;
+	    $line =~ s/\$([A-Z][a-z]+):[^\$]+\$/\$$1\$/g;
+	    print FILTER_OUT $line;
+	}
+	close FILTER_IN;
+	close FILTER_OUT;
+    }
+}
+
+if ($dirty) {
+    if ($opt_f) {	warn "The tree is not clean -- forced merge\n";
+	$dirty = 0;
+    } else {
+	die "Exiting: your CVS tree is not clean for this merge.";
+    }
+}
+
+print "Applying\n";
+if ($opt_W) {
+    system("git checkout -q $commit^0") && die "cannot patch";
+} else {
+    `GIT_DIR= git-apply $context --summary --numstat --apply <.cvsexportcommit.diff` || die "cannot patch";
+}
+
+print "Patch applied successfully. Adding new files and directories to CVS\n";
+my $dirtypatch = 0;
+
+#
+# We have to add the directories in order otherwise we will have
+# problems when we try and add the sub-directory of a directory we
+# have not added yet.
+#
+# Luckily this is easy to deal with by sorting the directories and
+# dealing with the shortest ones first.
+#
+@dirs = sort { length $a <=> length $b} @dirs;
+
+foreach my $d (@dirs) {
+    if (system(@cvs,'add',$d)) {
+	$dirtypatch = 1;
+	warn "Failed to cvs add directory $d -- you may need to do it manually";
+    }
+}
+
+foreach my $f (@afiles) {
+    if (grep { $_ eq $f } @bfiles) {
+      system(@cvs, 'add','-kb',$f);
+    } else {
+      system(@cvs, 'add', $f);
+    }
+    if ($?) {
+	$dirtypatch = 1;
+	warn "Failed to cvs add $f -- you may need to do it manually";
+    }
+}
+
+foreach my $f (@dfiles) {
+    system(@cvs, 'rm', '-f', $f);
+    if ($?) {
+	$dirtypatch = 1;
+	warn "Failed to cvs rm -f $f -- you may need to do it manually";
+    }
+}
+
+print "Commit to CVS\n";
+print "Patch title (first comment line): $title\n";
+my @commitfiles = map { unless (m/\s/) { '\''.$_.'\''; } else { $_; }; } (@files);
+my $cmd = join(' ', @cvs)." commit -F .msg @commitfiles";
+
+if ($dirtypatch) {
+    print "NOTE: One or more hunks failed to apply cleanly.\n";
+    print "You'll need to apply the patch in .cvsexportcommit.diff manually\n";
+    print "using a patch program. After applying the patch and resolving the\n";
+    print "problems you may commit using:";
+    print "\n    cd \"$opt_w\"" if $opt_w;
+    print "\n    $cmd\n";
+    print "\n    git checkout $go_back_to\n" if $go_back_to;
+    print "\n";
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+if ($opt_c) {
+    print "Autocommit\n  $cmd\n";
+    print xargs_safe_pipe_capture([@cvs, 'commit', '-F', '.msg'], @files);
+    if ($?) {
+	die "Exiting: The commit did not succeed";
+    }
+    print "Committed successfully to CVS\n";
+    # clean up
+    unlink(".msg");
+} else {
+    print "Ready for you to commit, just run:\n\n   $cmd\n";
+}
+
+# clean up
+unlink(".cvsexportcommit.diff");
+
+if ($opt_W) {
+    system("git checkout $go_back_to") && die "cannot move back to $go_back_to";
+    if (!($go_back_to =~ /^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/)) {
+	system("git symbolic-ref HEAD $go_back_to") &&
+	    die "cannot move back to $go_back_to";
+    }
+}
+
+# CVS version 1.11.x and 1.12.x sleeps the wrong way to ensure the timestamp
+# used by CVS and the one set by subsequence file modifications are different.
+# If they are not different CVS will not detect changes.
+sleep(1);
+
+sub usage {
+	print STDERR <<END;
+Usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
+END
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+# An alternative to `command` that allows input to be passed as an array
+# to work around shell problems with weird characters in arguments
+# if the exec returns non-zero we die
+sub safe_pipe_capture {
+    my @output;
+    if (my $pid = open my $child, '-|') {
+	@output = (<$child>);
+	close $child or die join(' ',@_).": $! $?";
+    } else {
+	exec(@_) or die "$! $?"; # exec() can fail the executable can't be found
+    }
+    return wantarray ? @output : join('',@output);
+}
+
+sub xargs_safe_pipe_capture {
+	my $MAX_ARG_LENGTH = 65536;
+	my $cmd = shift;
+	my @output;
+	my $output;
+	while(@_) {
+		my @args;
+		my $length = 0;
+		while(@_ && $length < $MAX_ARG_LENGTH) {
+			push @args, shift;
+			$length += length($args[$#args]);
+		}
+		if (wantarray) {
+			push @output, safe_pipe_capture(@$cmd, @args);
+		}
+		else {
+			$output .= safe_pipe_capture(@$cmd, @args);
+		}
+	}
+	return wantarray ? @output : $output;
+}
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4853bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1065 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+# This tool is copyright (c) 2005, Matthias Urlichs.
+# It is released under the Gnu Public License, version 2.
+#
+# The basic idea is to aggregate CVS check-ins into related changes.
+# Fortunately, "cvsps" does that for us; all we have to do is to parse
+# its output.
+#
+# Checking out the files is done by a single long-running CVS connection
+# / server process.
+#
+# The head revision is on branch "origin" by default.
+# You can change that with the '-o' option.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Spec;
+use File::Temp qw(tempfile tmpnam);
+use File::Path qw(mkpath);
+use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
+use Time::Local;
+use IO::Socket;
+use IO::Pipe;
+use POSIX qw(strftime dup2 ENOENT);
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+$SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
+$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+
+our ($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_k,$opt_u,$opt_d,$opt_p,$opt_C,$opt_z,$opt_i,$opt_P, $opt_s,$opt_m,@opt_M,$opt_A,$opt_S,$opt_L, $opt_a, $opt_r);
+my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email);
+
+sub usage(;$) {
+	my $msg = shift;
+	print(STDERR "Error: $msg\n") if $msg;
+	print STDERR <<END;
+Usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
+       [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-d CVSROOT] [-A author-conv-file]
+       [-p opts-for-cvsps] [-P file] [-C GIT_repository] [-z fuzz] [-i] [-k]
+       [-u] [-s subst] [-a] [-m] [-M regex] [-S regex] [-L commitlimit]
+       [-r remote] [CVS_module]
+END
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+sub read_author_info($) {
+	my ($file) = @_;
+	my $user;
+	open my $f, '<', "$file" or die("Failed to open $file: $!\n");
+
+	while (<$f>) {
+		# Expected format is this:
+		#   exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>
+		if (m/^(\S+?)\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*$/) {
+			$user = $1;
+			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
+			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
+		}
+		# However, we also read from CVSROOT/users format
+		# to ease migration.
+		elsif (/^(\w+):(['"]?)(.+?)\2\s*$/) {
+			my $mapped;
+			($user, $mapped) = ($1, $3);
+			if ($mapped =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
+				$conv_author_name{$user} = $1;
+				$conv_author_email{$user} = $2;
+			}
+			elsif ($mapped =~ /^<?(.*)>?$/) {
+				$conv_author_name{$user} = $user;
+				$conv_author_email{$user} = $1;
+			}
+		}
+		# NEEDSWORK: Maybe warn on unrecognized lines?
+	}
+	close ($f);
+}
+
+sub write_author_info($) {
+	my ($file) = @_;
+	open my $f, '>', $file or
+	  die("Failed to open $file for writing: $!");
+
+	foreach (keys %conv_author_name) {
+		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>\n";
+	}
+	close ($f);
+}
+
+# convert getopts specs for use by git config
+sub read_repo_config {
+    # Split the string between characters, unless there is a ':'
+    # So "abc:de" becomes ["a", "b", "c:", "d", "e"]
+	my @opts = split(/ *(?!:)/, shift);
+	foreach my $o (@opts) {
+		my $key = $o;
+		$key =~ s/://g;
+		my $arg = 'git config';
+		$arg .= ' --bool' if ($o !~ /:$/);
+
+        chomp(my $tmp = `$arg --get cvsimport.$key`);
+		if ($tmp && !($arg =~ /--bool/ && $tmp eq 'false')) {
+            no strict 'refs';
+            my $opt_name = "opt_" . $key;
+            if (!$$opt_name) {
+                $$opt_name = $tmp;
+            }
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+my $opts = "haivmkuo:d:p:r:C:z:s:M:P:A:S:L:";
+read_repo_config($opts);
+Getopt::Long::Configure( 'no_ignore_case', 'bundling' );
+
+# turn the Getopt::Std specification in a Getopt::Long one,
+# with support for multiple -M options
+GetOptions( map { s/:/=s/; /M/ ? "$_\@" : $_ } split( /(?!:)/, $opts ) )
+    or usage();
+usage if $opt_h;
+
+if (@ARGV == 0) {
+		chomp(my $module = `git config --get cvsimport.module`);
+		push(@ARGV, $module) if $? == 0;
+}
+@ARGV <= 1 or usage("You can't specify more than one CVS module");
+
+if ($opt_d) {
+	$ENV{"CVSROOT"} = $opt_d;
+} elsif (-f 'CVS/Root') {
+	open my $f, '<', 'CVS/Root' or die 'Failed to open CVS/Root';
+	$opt_d = <$f>;
+	chomp $opt_d;
+	close $f;
+	$ENV{"CVSROOT"} = $opt_d;
+} elsif ($ENV{"CVSROOT"}) {
+	$opt_d = $ENV{"CVSROOT"};
+} else {
+	usage("CVSROOT needs to be set");
+}
+$opt_s ||= "-";
+$opt_a ||= 0;
+
+my $git_tree = $opt_C;
+$git_tree ||= ".";
+
+my $remote;
+if (defined $opt_r) {
+	$remote = 'refs/remotes/' . $opt_r;
+	$opt_o ||= "master";
+} else {
+	$opt_o ||= "origin";
+	$remote = 'refs/heads';
+}
+
+my $cvs_tree;
+if ($#ARGV == 0) {
+	$cvs_tree = $ARGV[0];
+} elsif (-f 'CVS/Repository') {
+	open my $f, '<', 'CVS/Repository' or
+	    die 'Failed to open CVS/Repository';
+	$cvs_tree = <$f>;
+	chomp $cvs_tree;
+	close $f;
+} else {
+	usage("CVS module has to be specified");
+}
+
+our @mergerx = ();
+if ($opt_m) {
+	@mergerx = ( qr/\b(?:from|of|merge|merging|merged) ([-\w]+)/i );
+}
+if (@opt_M) {
+	push (@mergerx, map { qr/$_/ } @opt_M);
+}
+
+# Remember UTC of our starting time
+# we'll want to avoid importing commits
+# that are too recent
+our $starttime = time();
+
+select(STDERR); $|=1; select(STDOUT);
+
+
+package CVSconn;
+# Basic CVS dialog.
+# We're only interested in connecting and downloading, so ...
+
+use File::Spec;
+use File::Temp qw(tempfile);
+use POSIX qw(strftime dup2);
+
+sub new {
+	my ($what,$repo,$subdir) = @_;
+	$what=ref($what) if ref($what);
+
+	my $self = {};
+	$self->{'buffer'} = "";
+	bless($self,$what);
+
+	$repo =~ s#/+$##;
+	$self->{'fullrep'} = $repo;
+	$self->conn();
+
+	$self->{'subdir'} = $subdir;
+	$self->{'lines'} = undef;
+
+	return $self;
+}
+
+sub conn {
+	my $self = shift;
+	my $repo = $self->{'fullrep'};
+	if ($repo =~ s/^:pserver(?:([^:]*)):(?:(.*?)(?::(.*?))?@)?([^:\/]*)(?::(\d*))?//) {
+		my ($param,$user,$pass,$serv,$port) = ($1,$2,$3,$4,$5);
+
+		my ($proxyhost,$proxyport);
+		if ($param && ($param =~ m/proxy=([^;]+)/)) {
+			$proxyhost = $1;
+			# Default proxyport, if not specified, is 8080.
+			$proxyport = 8080;
+			if ($ENV{"CVS_PROXY_PORT"}) {
+				$proxyport = $ENV{"CVS_PROXY_PORT"};
+			}
+			if ($param =~ m/proxyport=([^;]+)/) {
+				$proxyport = $1;
+			}
+		}
+		$repo ||= '/';
+
+		# if username is not explicit in CVSROOT, then use current user, as cvs would
+		$user=(getlogin() || $ENV{'LOGNAME'} || $ENV{'USER'} || "anonymous") unless $user;
+		my $rr2 = "-";
+		unless ($port) {
+			$rr2 = ":pserver:$user\@$serv:$repo";
+			$port=2401;
+		}
+		my $rr = ":pserver:$user\@$serv:$port$repo";
+
+		if ($pass) {
+			$pass = $self->_scramble($pass);
+		} else {
+			open(H,$ENV{'HOME'}."/.cvspass") and do {
+				# :pserver:cvs@mea.tmt.tele.fi:/cvsroot/zmailer Ah<Z
+				while (<H>) {
+					chomp;
+					s/^\/\d+\s+//;
+					my ($w,$p) = split(/\s/,$_,2);
+					if ($w eq $rr or $w eq $rr2) {
+						$pass = $p;
+						last;
+					}
+				}
+			};
+			$pass = "A" unless $pass;
+		}
+
+		my ($s, $rep);
+		if ($proxyhost) {
+
+			# Use a HTTP Proxy. Only works for HTTP proxies that
+			# don't require user authentication
+			#
+			# See: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.txt
+
+			$s = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerHost => $proxyhost, PeerPort => $proxyport);
+			die "Socket to $proxyhost: $!\n" unless defined $s;
+			$s->write("CONNECT $serv:$port HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: $serv:$port\r\n\r\n")
+	                        or die "Write to $proxyhost: $!\n";
+	                $s->flush();
+
+			$rep = <$s>;
+
+			# The answer should look like 'HTTP/1.x 2yy ....'
+			if (!($rep =~ m#^HTTP/1\.. 2[0-9][0-9]#)) {
+				die "Proxy connect: $rep\n";
+			}
+			# Skip up to the empty line of the proxy server output
+			# including the response headers.
+			while ($rep = <$s>) {
+				last if (!defined $rep ||
+					 $rep eq "\n" ||
+					 $rep eq "\r\n");
+			}
+		} else {
+			$s = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerHost => $serv, PeerPort => $port);
+			die "Socket to $serv: $!\n" unless defined $s;
+		}
+
+		$s->write("BEGIN AUTH REQUEST\n$repo\n$user\n$pass\nEND AUTH REQUEST\n")
+			or die "Write to $serv: $!\n";
+		$s->flush();
+
+		$rep = <$s>;
+
+		if ($rep ne "I LOVE YOU\n") {
+			$rep="<unknown>" unless $rep;
+			die "AuthReply: $rep\n";
+		}
+		$self->{'socketo'} = $s;
+		$self->{'socketi'} = $s;
+	} else { # local or ext: Fork off our own cvs server.
+		my $pr = IO::Pipe->new();
+		my $pw = IO::Pipe->new();
+		my $pid = fork();
+		die "Fork: $!\n" unless defined $pid;
+		my $cvs = 'cvs';
+		$cvs = $ENV{CVS_SERVER} if exists $ENV{CVS_SERVER};
+		my $rsh = 'rsh';
+		$rsh = $ENV{CVS_RSH} if exists $ENV{CVS_RSH};
+
+		my @cvs = ($cvs, 'server');
+		my ($local, $user, $host);
+		$local = $repo =~ s/:local://;
+		if (!$local) {
+		    $repo =~ s/:ext://;
+		    $local = !($repo =~ s/^(?:([^\@:]+)\@)?([^:]+)://);
+		    ($user, $host) = ($1, $2);
+		}
+		if (!$local) {
+		    if ($user) {
+			unshift @cvs, $rsh, '-l', $user, $host;
+		    } else {
+			unshift @cvs, $rsh, $host;
+		    }
+		}
+
+		unless ($pid) {
+			$pr->writer();
+			$pw->reader();
+			dup2($pw->fileno(),0);
+			dup2($pr->fileno(),1);
+			$pr->close();
+			$pw->close();
+			exec(@cvs);
+		}
+		$pw->writer();
+		$pr->reader();
+		$self->{'socketo'} = $pw;
+		$self->{'socketi'} = $pr;
+	}
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Root $repo\n");
+
+	# Trial and error says that this probably is the minimum set
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Valid-responses ok error Valid-requests Mode M Mbinary E Checked-in Created Updated Merged Removed\n");
+
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("valid-requests\n");
+	$self->{'socketo'}->flush();
+
+	chomp(my $rep=$self->readline());
+	if ($rep !~ s/^Valid-requests\s*//) {
+		$rep="<unknown>" unless $rep;
+		die "Expected Valid-requests from server, but got: $rep\n";
+	}
+	chomp(my $res=$self->readline());
+	die "validReply: $res\n" if $res ne "ok";
+
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("UseUnchanged\n") if $rep =~ /\bUseUnchanged\b/;
+	$self->{'repo'} = $repo;
+}
+
+sub readline {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{'socketi'}->getline();
+}
+
+sub _file {
+	# Request a file with a given revision.
+	# Trial and error says this is a good way to do it. :-/
+	my ($self,$fn,$rev) = @_;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument -N\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument -P\n") or return undef;
+	# -kk: Linus' version doesn't use it - defaults to off
+	if ($opt_k) {
+	    $self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument -kk\n") or return undef;
+	}
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument -r\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument $rev\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument --\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Argument $self->{'subdir'}/$fn\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Directory .\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("$self->{'repo'}\n") or return undef;
+	# $self->{'socketo'}->write("Sticky T1.0\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->write("co\n") or return undef;
+	$self->{'socketo'}->flush() or return undef;
+	$self->{'lines'} = 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+sub _line {
+	# Read a line from the server.
+	# ... except that 'line' may be an entire file. ;-)
+	my ($self, $fh) = @_;
+	die "Not in lines" unless defined $self->{'lines'};
+
+	my $line;
+	my $res=0;
+	while (defined($line = $self->readline())) {
+		# M U gnupg-cvs-rep/AUTHORS
+		# Updated gnupg-cvs-rep/
+		# /daten/src/rsync/gnupg-cvs-rep/AUTHORS
+		# /AUTHORS/1.1///T1.1
+		# u=rw,g=rw,o=rw
+		# 0
+		# ok
+
+		if ($line =~ s/^(?:Created|Updated) //) {
+			$line = $self->readline(); # path
+			$line = $self->readline(); # Entries line
+			my $mode = $self->readline(); chomp $mode;
+			$self->{'mode'} = $mode;
+			defined (my $cnt = $self->readline())
+				or die "EOF from server after 'Changed'\n";
+			chomp $cnt;
+			die "Duh: Filesize $cnt" if $cnt !~ /^\d+$/;
+			$line="";
+			$res = $self->_fetchfile($fh, $cnt);
+		} elsif ($line =~ s/^ //) {
+			print $fh $line;
+			$res += length($line);
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^M\b/) {
+			# output, do nothing
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^Mbinary\b/) {
+			my $cnt;
+			die "EOF from server after 'Mbinary'" unless defined ($cnt = $self->readline());
+			chomp $cnt;
+			die "Duh: Mbinary $cnt" if $cnt !~ /^\d+$/ or $cnt<1;
+			$line="";
+			$res += $self->_fetchfile($fh, $cnt);
+		} else {
+			chomp $line;
+			if ($line eq "ok") {
+				# print STDERR "S: ok (".length($res).")\n";
+				return $res;
+			} elsif ($line =~ s/^E //) {
+				# print STDERR "S: $line\n";
+			} elsif ($line =~ /^(Remove-entry|Removed) /i) {
+				$line = $self->readline(); # filename
+				$line = $self->readline(); # OK
+				chomp $line;
+				die "Unknown: $line" if $line ne "ok";
+				return -1;
+			} else {
+				die "Unknown: $line\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+sub file {
+	my ($self,$fn,$rev) = @_;
+	my $res;
+
+	my ($fh, $name) = tempfile('gitcvs.XXXXXX',
+		    DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir(), UNLINK => 1);
+
+	$self->_file($fn,$rev) and $res = $self->_line($fh);
+
+	if (!defined $res) {
+	    print STDERR "Server has gone away while fetching $fn $rev, retrying...\n";
+	    truncate $fh, 0;
+	    $self->conn();
+	    $self->_file($fn,$rev) or die "No file command send";
+	    $res = $self->_line($fh);
+	    die "Retry failed" unless defined $res;
+	}
+	close ($fh);
+
+	return ($name, $res);
+}
+sub _fetchfile {
+	my ($self, $fh, $cnt) = @_;
+	my $res = 0;
+	my $bufsize = 1024 * 1024;
+	while ($cnt) {
+	    if ($bufsize > $cnt) {
+		$bufsize = $cnt;
+	    }
+	    my $buf;
+	    my $num = $self->{'socketi'}->read($buf,$bufsize);
+	    die "Server: Filesize $cnt: $num: $!\n" if not defined $num or $num<=0;
+	    print $fh $buf;
+	    $res += $num;
+	    $cnt -= $num;
+	}
+	return $res;
+}
+
+sub _scramble {
+	my ($self, $pass) = @_;
+	my $scrambled = "A";
+
+	return $scrambled unless $pass;
+
+	my $pass_len = length($pass);
+	my @pass_arr = split("", $pass);
+	my $i;
+
+	# from cvs/src/scramble.c
+	my @shifts = (
+		  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+		 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
+		114,120, 53, 79, 96,109, 72,108, 70, 64, 76, 67,116, 74, 68, 87,
+		111, 52, 75,119, 49, 34, 82, 81, 95, 65,112, 86,118,110,122,105,
+		 41, 57, 83, 43, 46,102, 40, 89, 38,103, 45, 50, 42,123, 91, 35,
+		125, 55, 54, 66,124,126, 59, 47, 92, 71,115, 78, 88,107,106, 56,
+		 36,121,117,104,101,100, 69, 73, 99, 63, 94, 93, 39, 37, 61, 48,
+		 58,113, 32, 90, 44, 98, 60, 51, 33, 97, 62, 77, 84, 80, 85,223,
+		225,216,187,166,229,189,222,188,141,249,148,200,184,136,248,190,
+		199,170,181,204,138,232,218,183,255,234,220,247,213,203,226,193,
+		174,172,228,252,217,201,131,230,197,211,145,238,161,179,160,212,
+		207,221,254,173,202,146,224,151,140,196,205,130,135,133,143,246,
+		192,159,244,239,185,168,215,144,139,165,180,157,147,186,214,176,
+		227,231,219,169,175,156,206,198,129,164,150,210,154,177,134,127,
+		182,128,158,208,162,132,167,209,149,241,153,251,237,236,171,195,
+		243,233,253,240,194,250,191,155,142,137,245,235,163,242,178,152
+	);
+
+	for ($i = 0; $i < $pass_len; $i++) {
+		$scrambled .= pack("C", $shifts[ord($pass_arr[$i])]);
+	}
+
+	return $scrambled;
+}
+
+package main;
+
+my $cvs = CVSconn->new($opt_d, $cvs_tree);
+
+
+sub pdate($) {
+	my ($d) = @_;
+	m#(\d{2,4})/(\d\d)/(\d\d)\s(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d))?#
+		or die "Unparseable date: $d\n";
+	my $y=$1; $y-=1900 if $y>1900;
+	return timegm($6||0,$5,$4,$3,$2-1,$y);
+}
+
+sub pmode($) {
+	my ($mode) = @_;
+	my $m = 0;
+	my $mm = 0;
+	my $um = 0;
+	for my $x(split(//,$mode)) {
+		if ($x eq ",") {
+			$m |= $mm&$um;
+			$mm = 0;
+			$um = 0;
+		} elsif ($x eq "u") { $um |= 0700;
+		} elsif ($x eq "g") { $um |= 0070;
+		} elsif ($x eq "o") { $um |= 0007;
+		} elsif ($x eq "r") { $mm |= 0444;
+		} elsif ($x eq "w") { $mm |= 0222;
+		} elsif ($x eq "x") { $mm |= 0111;
+		} elsif ($x eq "=") { # do nothing
+		} else { die "Unknown mode: $mode\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$m |= $mm&$um;
+	return $m;
+}
+
+sub getwd() {
+	my $pwd = `pwd`;
+	chomp $pwd;
+	return $pwd;
+}
+
+sub is_sha1 {
+	my $s = shift;
+	return $s =~ /^[a-f0-9]{40}$/;
+}
+
+sub get_headref ($) {
+	my $name = shift;
+	my $r = `git rev-parse --verify '$name' 2>/dev/null`;
+	return undef unless $? == 0;
+	chomp $r;
+	return $r;
+}
+
+my $user_filename_prepend = '';
+sub munge_user_filename {
+	my $name = shift;
+	return File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($name) ?
+		$name :
+		$user_filename_prepend . $name;
+}
+
+-d $git_tree
+	or mkdir($git_tree,0777)
+	or die "Could not create $git_tree: $!";
+if ($git_tree ne '.') {
+	$user_filename_prepend = getwd() . '/';
+	chdir($git_tree);
+}
+
+my $last_branch = "";
+my $orig_branch = "";
+my %branch_date;
+my $tip_at_start = undef;
+
+my $git_dir = $ENV{"GIT_DIR"} || ".git";
+$git_dir = getwd()."/".$git_dir unless $git_dir =~ m#^/#;
+$ENV{"GIT_DIR"} = $git_dir;
+my $orig_git_index;
+$orig_git_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} if exists $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+
+my %index; # holds filenames of one index per branch
+
+unless (-d $git_dir) {
+	system(qw(git init));
+	die "Cannot init the GIT db at $git_tree: $?\n" if $?;
+	system(qw(git read-tree));
+	die "Cannot init an empty tree: $?\n" if $?;
+
+	$last_branch = $opt_o;
+	$orig_branch = "";
+} else {
+	open(F, "-|", qw(git symbolic-ref HEAD)) or
+		die "Cannot run git symbolic-ref: $!\n";
+	chomp ($last_branch = <F>);
+	$last_branch = basename($last_branch);
+	close(F);
+	unless ($last_branch) {
+		warn "Cannot read the last branch name: $! -- assuming 'master'\n";
+		$last_branch = "master";
+	}
+	$orig_branch = $last_branch;
+	$tip_at_start = `git rev-parse --verify HEAD`;
+
+	# Get the last import timestamps
+	my $fmt = '($ref, $author) = (%(refname), %(author));';
+	my @cmd = ('git', 'for-each-ref', '--perl', "--format=$fmt", $remote);
+	open(H, "-|", @cmd) or die "Cannot run git for-each-ref: $!\n";
+	while (defined(my $entry = <H>)) {
+		my ($ref, $author);
+		eval($entry) || die "cannot eval refs list: $@";
+		my ($head) = ($ref =~ m|^$remote/(.*)|);
+		$author =~ /^.*\s(\d+)\s[-+]\d{4}$/;
+		$branch_date{$head} = $1;
+	}
+	close(H);
+        if (!exists $branch_date{$opt_o}) {
+		die "Branch '$opt_o' does not exist.\n".
+		       "Either use the correct '-o branch' option,\n".
+		       "or import to a new repository.\n";
+        }
+}
+
+-d $git_dir
+	or die "Could not create git subdir ($git_dir).\n";
+
+# now we read (and possibly save) author-info as well
+-f "$git_dir/cvs-authors" and
+  read_author_info("$git_dir/cvs-authors");
+if ($opt_A) {
+	read_author_info(munge_user_filename($opt_A));
+	write_author_info("$git_dir/cvs-authors");
+}
+
+
+#
+# run cvsps into a file unless we are getting
+# it passed as a file via $opt_P
+#
+my $cvspsfile;
+unless ($opt_P) {
+	print "Running cvsps...\n" if $opt_v;
+	my $pid = open(CVSPS,"-|");
+	my $cvspsfh;
+	die "Cannot fork: $!\n" unless defined $pid;
+	unless ($pid) {
+		my @opt;
+		@opt = split(/,/,$opt_p) if defined $opt_p;
+		unshift @opt, '-z', $opt_z if defined $opt_z;
+		unshift @opt, '-q'         unless defined $opt_v;
+		unless (defined($opt_p) && $opt_p =~ m/--no-cvs-direct/) {
+			push @opt, '--cvs-direct';
+		}
+		exec("cvsps","--norc",@opt,"-u","-A",'--root',$opt_d,$cvs_tree);
+		die "Could not start cvsps: $!\n";
+	}
+	($cvspsfh, $cvspsfile) = tempfile('gitXXXXXX', SUFFIX => '.cvsps',
+					  DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir());
+	while (<CVSPS>) {
+	    print $cvspsfh $_;
+	}
+	close CVSPS;
+	$? == 0 or die "git cvsimport: fatal: cvsps reported error\n";
+	close $cvspsfh;
+} else {
+	$cvspsfile = munge_user_filename($opt_P);
+}
+
+open(CVS, "<$cvspsfile") or die $!;
+
+## cvsps output:
+#---------------------
+#PatchSet 314
+#Date: 1999/09/18 13:03:59
+#Author: wkoch
+#Branch: STABLE-BRANCH-1-0
+#Ancestor branch: HEAD
+#Tag: (none)
+#Log:
+#    See ChangeLog: Sat Sep 18 13:03:28 CEST 1999  Werner Koch
+#Members:
+#	README:1.57->1.57.2.1
+#	VERSION:1.96->1.96.2.1
+#
+#---------------------
+
+my $state = 0;
+
+sub update_index (\@\@) {
+	my $old = shift;
+	my $new = shift;
+	open(my $fh, '|-', qw(git update-index -z --index-info))
+		or die "unable to open git update-index: $!";
+	print $fh
+		(map { "0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\t$_\0" }
+			@$old),
+		(map { '100' . sprintf('%o', $_->[0]) . " $_->[1]\t$_->[2]\0" }
+			@$new)
+		or die "unable to write to git update-index: $!";
+	close $fh
+		or die "unable to write to git update-index: $!";
+	$? and die "git update-index reported error: $?";
+}
+
+sub write_tree () {
+	open(my $fh, '-|', qw(git write-tree))
+		or die "unable to open git write-tree: $!";
+	chomp(my $tree = <$fh>);
+	is_sha1($tree)
+		or die "Cannot get tree id ($tree): $!";
+	close($fh)
+		or die "Error running git write-tree: $?\n";
+	print "Tree ID $tree\n" if $opt_v;
+	return $tree;
+}
+
+my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
+my (@old,@new,@skipped,%ignorebranch);
+
+# commits that cvsps cannot place anywhere...
+$ignorebranch{'#CVSPS_NO_BRANCH'} = 1;
+
+sub commit {
+	if ($branch eq $opt_o && !$index{branch} &&
+		!get_headref("$remote/$branch")) {
+	    # looks like an initial commit
+	    # use the index primed by git init
+	    $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$git_dir/index";
+	    $index{$branch} = "$git_dir/index";
+	} else {
+	    # use an index per branch to speed up
+	    # imports of projects with many branches
+	    unless ($index{$branch}) {
+		$index{$branch} = tmpnam();
+		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index{$branch};
+		if ($ancestor) {
+		    system("git", "read-tree", "$remote/$ancestor");
+		} else {
+		    system("git", "read-tree", "$remote/$branch");
+		}
+		die "read-tree failed: $?\n" if $?;
+	    }
+	}
+        $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index{$branch};
+
+	update_index(@old, @new);
+	@old = @new = ();
+	my $tree = write_tree();
+	my $parent = get_headref("$remote/$last_branch");
+	print "Parent ID " . ($parent ? $parent : "(empty)") . "\n" if $opt_v;
+
+	my @commit_args;
+	push @commit_args, ("-p", $parent) if $parent;
+
+	# loose detection of merges
+	# based on the commit msg
+	foreach my $rx (@mergerx) {
+		next unless $logmsg =~ $rx && $1;
+		my $mparent = $1 eq 'HEAD' ? $opt_o : $1;
+		if (my $sha1 = get_headref("$remote/$mparent")) {
+			push @commit_args, '-p', "$remote/$mparent";
+			print "Merge parent branch: $mparent\n" if $opt_v;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $commit_date = strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date));
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $author_name;
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $author_email;
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $commit_date;
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = $author_name;
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = $author_email;
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $commit_date;
+	my $pid = open2(my $commit_read, my $commit_write,
+		'git', 'commit-tree', $tree, @commit_args);
+
+	# compatibility with git2cvs
+	substr($logmsg,32767) = "" if length($logmsg) > 32767;
+	$logmsg =~ s/[\s\n]+\z//;
+
+	if (@skipped) {
+	    $logmsg .= "\n\n\nSKIPPED:\n\t";
+	    $logmsg .= join("\n\t", @skipped) . "\n";
+	    @skipped = ();
+	}
+
+	print($commit_write "$logmsg\n") && close($commit_write)
+		or die "Error writing to git commit-tree: $!\n";
+
+	print "Committed patch $patchset ($branch $commit_date)\n" if $opt_v;
+	chomp(my $cid = <$commit_read>);
+	is_sha1($cid) or die "Cannot get commit id ($cid): $!\n";
+	print "Commit ID $cid\n" if $opt_v;
+	close($commit_read);
+
+	waitpid($pid,0);
+	die "Error running git commit-tree: $?\n" if $?;
+
+	system('git' , 'update-ref', "$remote/$branch", $cid) == 0
+		or die "Cannot write branch $branch for update: $!\n";
+
+	if ($tag) {
+	        my ($xtag) = $tag;
+		$xtag =~ s/\s+\*\*.*$//; # Remove stuff like ** INVALID ** and ** FUNKY **
+		$xtag =~ tr/_/\./ if ( $opt_u );
+		$xtag =~ s/[\/]/$opt_s/g;
+		$xtag =~ s/\[//g;
+
+		system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) == 0
+			or die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+
+		print "Created tag '$xtag' on '$branch'\n" if $opt_v;
+	}
+};
+
+my $commitcount = 1;
+while (<CVS>) {
+	chomp;
+	if ($state == 0 and /^-+$/) {
+		$state = 1;
+	} elsif ($state == 0) {
+		$state = 1;
+		redo;
+	} elsif (($state==0 or $state==1) and s/^PatchSet\s+//) {
+		$patchset = 0+$_;
+		$state=2;
+	} elsif ($state == 2 and s/^Date:\s+//) {
+		$date = pdate($_);
+		unless ($date) {
+			print STDERR "Could not parse date: $_\n";
+			$state=0;
+			next;
+		}
+		$state=3;
+	} elsif ($state == 3 and s/^Author:\s+//) {
+		s/\s+$//;
+		if (/^(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
+		    ($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($conv_author_name{$_}) {
+			$author_name = $conv_author_name{$_};
+			$author_email = $conv_author_email{$_};
+		} else {
+		    $author_name = $author_email = $_;
+		}
+		$state = 4;
+	} elsif ($state == 4 and s/^Branch:\s+//) {
+		s/\s+$//;
+		tr/_/\./ if ( $opt_u );
+		s/[\/]/$opt_s/g;
+		$branch = $_;
+		$state = 5;
+	} elsif ($state == 5 and s/^Ancestor branch:\s+//) {
+		s/\s+$//;
+		$ancestor = $_;
+		$ancestor = $opt_o if $ancestor eq "HEAD";
+		$state = 6;
+	} elsif ($state == 5) {
+		$ancestor = undef;
+		$state = 6;
+		redo;
+	} elsif ($state == 6 and s/^Tag:\s+//) {
+		s/\s+$//;
+		if ($_ eq "(none)") {
+			$tag = undef;
+		} else {
+			$tag = $_;
+		}
+		$state = 7;
+	} elsif ($state == 7 and /^Log:/) {
+		$logmsg = "";
+		$state = 8;
+	} elsif ($state == 8 and /^Members:/) {
+		$branch = $opt_o if $branch eq "HEAD";
+		if (defined $branch_date{$branch} and $branch_date{$branch} >= $date) {
+			# skip
+			print "skip patchset $patchset: $date before $branch_date{$branch}\n" if $opt_v;
+			$state = 11;
+			next;
+		}
+		if (!$opt_a && $starttime - 300 - (defined $opt_z ? $opt_z : 300) <= $date) {
+			# skip if the commit is too recent
+			# given that the cvsps default fuzz is 300s, we give ourselves another
+			# 300s just in case -- this also prevents skipping commits
+			# due to server clock drift
+			print "skip patchset $patchset: $date too recent\n" if $opt_v;
+			$state = 11;
+			next;
+		}
+		if (exists $ignorebranch{$branch}) {
+			print STDERR "Skipping $branch\n";
+			$state = 11;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($ancestor) {
+			if ($ancestor eq $branch) {
+				print STDERR "Branch $branch erroneously stems from itself -- changed ancestor to $opt_o\n";
+				$ancestor = $opt_o;
+			}
+			if (defined get_headref("$remote/$branch")) {
+				print STDERR "Branch $branch already exists!\n";
+				$state=11;
+				next;
+			}
+			my $id = get_headref("$remote/$ancestor");
+			if (!$id) {
+				print STDERR "Branch $ancestor does not exist!\n";
+				$ignorebranch{$branch} = 1;
+				$state=11;
+				next;
+			}
+
+			system(qw(git update-ref -m cvsimport),
+				"$remote/$branch", $id);
+			if($? != 0) {
+				print STDERR "Could not create branch $branch\n";
+				$ignorebranch{$branch} = 1;
+				$state=11;
+				next;
+			}
+		}
+		$last_branch = $branch if $branch ne $last_branch;
+		$state = 9;
+	} elsif ($state == 8) {
+		$logmsg .= "$_\n";
+	} elsif ($state == 9 and /^\s+(.+?):(INITIAL|\d+(?:\.\d+)+)->(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)\s*$/) {
+#	VERSION:1.96->1.96.2.1
+		my $init = ($2 eq "INITIAL");
+		my $fn = $1;
+		my $rev = $3;
+		$fn =~ s#^/+##;
+		if ($opt_S && $fn =~ m/$opt_S/) {
+		    print "SKIPPING $fn v $rev\n";
+		    push(@skipped, $fn);
+		    next;
+		}
+		print "Fetching $fn   v $rev\n" if $opt_v;
+		my ($tmpname, $size) = $cvs->file($fn,$rev);
+		if ($size == -1) {
+			push(@old,$fn);
+			print "Drop $fn\n" if $opt_v;
+		} else {
+			print "".($init ? "New" : "Update")." $fn: $size bytes\n" if $opt_v;
+			my $pid = open(my $F, '-|');
+			die $! unless defined $pid;
+			if (!$pid) {
+			    exec("git", "hash-object", "-w", $tmpname)
+				or die "Cannot create object: $!\n";
+			}
+			my $sha = <$F>;
+			chomp $sha;
+			close $F;
+			my $mode = pmode($cvs->{'mode'});
+			push(@new,[$mode, $sha, $fn]); # may be resurrected!
+		}
+		unlink($tmpname);
+	} elsif ($state == 9 and /^\s+(.+?):\d+(?:\.\d+)+->(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)\(DEAD\)\s*$/) {
+		my $fn = $1;
+		$fn =~ s#^/+##;
+		push(@old,$fn);
+		print "Delete $fn\n" if $opt_v;
+	} elsif ($state == 9 and /^\s*$/) {
+		$state = 10;
+	} elsif (($state == 9 or $state == 10) and /^-+$/) {
+		$commitcount++;
+		if ($opt_L && $commitcount > $opt_L) {
+			last;
+		}
+		commit();
+		if (($commitcount & 1023) == 0) {
+			system(qw(git repack -a -d));
+		}
+		$state = 1;
+	} elsif ($state == 11 and /^-+$/) {
+		$state = 1;
+	} elsif (/^-+$/) { # end of unknown-line processing
+		$state = 1;
+	} elsif ($state != 11) { # ignore stuff when skipping
+		print STDERR "* UNKNOWN LINE * $_\n";
+	}
+}
+commit() if $branch and $state != 11;
+
+unless ($opt_P) {
+	unlink($cvspsfile);
+}
+
+# The heuristic of repacking every 1024 commits can leave a
+# lot of unpacked data.  If there is more than 1MB worth of
+# not-packed objects, repack once more.
+my $line = `git count-objects`;
+if ($line =~ /^(\d+) objects, (\d+) kilobytes$/) {
+  my ($n_objects, $kb) = ($1, $2);
+  1024 < $kb
+    and system(qw(git repack -a -d));
+}
+
+foreach my $git_index (values %index) {
+    if ($git_index ne "$git_dir/index") {
+	unlink($git_index);
+    }
+}
+
+if (defined $orig_git_index) {
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $orig_git_index;
+} else {
+	delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+}
+
+# Now switch back to the branch we were in before all of this happened
+if ($orig_branch) {
+	print "DONE.\n" if $opt_v;
+	if ($opt_i) {
+		exit 0;
+	}
+	my $tip_at_end = `git rev-parse --verify HEAD`;
+	if ($tip_at_start ne $tip_at_end) {
+		for ($tip_at_start, $tip_at_end) { chomp; }
+		print "Fetched into the current branch.\n" if $opt_v;
+		system(qw(git read-tree -u -m),
+		       $tip_at_start, $tip_at_end);
+		die "Fast-forward update failed: $?\n" if $?;
+	}
+	else {
+		system(qw(git merge cvsimport HEAD), "$remote/$opt_o");
+		die "Could not merge $opt_o into the current branch.\n" if $?;
+	}
+} else {
+	$orig_branch = "master";
+	print "DONE; creating $orig_branch branch\n" if $opt_v;
+	system("git", "update-ref", "refs/heads/master", "$remote/$opt_o")
+		unless defined get_headref('refs/heads/master');
+	system("git", "symbolic-ref", "$remote/HEAD", "$remote/$opt_o")
+		if ($opt_r && $opt_o ne 'HEAD');
+	system('git', 'update-ref', 'HEAD', "$orig_branch");
+	unless ($opt_i) {
+		system(qw(git checkout -f));
+		die "checkout failed: $?\n" if $?;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..13751db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,3606 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+####
+#### This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+#### It is intended for clients to connect over SSH.
+#### See the documentation for more details.
+####
+#### Copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
+####
+#### Authors: Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
+####          Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+####
+####
+#### Released under the GNU Public License, version 2.
+####
+####
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use bytes;
+
+use Fcntl;
+use File::Temp qw/tempdir tempfile/;
+use File::Path qw/rmtree/;
+use File::Basename;
+use Getopt::Long qw(:config require_order no_ignore_case);
+
+my $VERSION = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
+
+my $log = GITCVS::log->new();
+my $cfg;
+
+my $DATE_LIST = {
+    Jan => "01",
+    Feb => "02",
+    Mar => "03",
+    Apr => "04",
+    May => "05",
+    Jun => "06",
+    Jul => "07",
+    Aug => "08",
+    Sep => "09",
+    Oct => "10",
+    Nov => "11",
+    Dec => "12",
+};
+
+# Enable autoflush for STDOUT (otherwise the whole thing falls apart)
+$| = 1;
+
+#### Definition and mappings of functions ####
+
+my $methods = {
+    'Root'            => \&req_Root,
+    'Valid-responses' => \&req_Validresponses,
+    'valid-requests'  => \&req_validrequests,
+    'Directory'       => \&req_Directory,
+    'Entry'           => \&req_Entry,
+    'Modified'        => \&req_Modified,
+    'Unchanged'       => \&req_Unchanged,
+    'Questionable'    => \&req_Questionable,
+    'Argument'        => \&req_Argument,
+    'Argumentx'       => \&req_Argument,
+    'expand-modules'  => \&req_expandmodules,
+    'add'             => \&req_add,
+    'remove'          => \&req_remove,
+    'co'              => \&req_co,
+    'update'          => \&req_update,
+    'ci'              => \&req_ci,
+    'diff'            => \&req_diff,
+    'log'             => \&req_log,
+    'rlog'            => \&req_log,
+    'tag'             => \&req_CATCHALL,
+    'status'          => \&req_status,
+    'admin'           => \&req_CATCHALL,
+    'history'         => \&req_CATCHALL,
+    'watchers'        => \&req_EMPTY,
+    'editors'         => \&req_EMPTY,
+    'noop'            => \&req_EMPTY,
+    'annotate'        => \&req_annotate,
+    'Global_option'   => \&req_Globaloption,
+    #'annotate'        => \&req_CATCHALL,
+};
+
+##############################################
+
+
+# $state holds all the bits of information the clients sends us that could
+# potentially be useful when it comes to actually _doing_ something.
+my $state = { prependdir => '' };
+
+# Work is for managing temporary working directory
+my $work =
+    {
+        state => undef,  # undef, 1 (empty), 2 (with stuff)
+        workDir => undef,
+        index => undef,
+        emptyDir => undef,
+        tmpDir => undef
+    };
+
+$log->info("--------------- STARTING -----------------");
+
+my $usage =
+    "Usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
+    "    --base-path <path>  : Prepend to requested CVSROOT\n".
+    "                          Can be read from GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH\n".
+    "    --strict-paths      : Don't allow recursing into subdirectories\n".
+    "    --export-all        : Don't check for gitcvs.enabled in config\n".
+    "    --version, -V       : Print version information and exit\n".
+    "    --help, -h, -H      : Print usage information and exit\n".
+    "\n".
+    "<directory> ... is a list of allowed directories. If no directories\n".
+    "are given, all are allowed. This is an additional restriction, gitcvs\n".
+    "access still needs to be enabled by the gitcvs.enabled config option.\n".
+    "Alternately, one directory may be specified in GIT_CVSSERVER_ROOT.\n";
+
+my @opts = ( 'help|h|H', 'version|V',
+	     'base-path=s', 'strict-paths', 'export-all' );
+GetOptions( $state, @opts )
+    or die $usage;
+
+if ($state->{version}) {
+    print "git-cvsserver version $VERSION\n";
+    exit;
+}
+if ($state->{help}) {
+    print $usage;
+    exit;
+}
+
+my $TEMP_DIR = tempdir( CLEANUP => 1 );
+$log->debug("Temporary directory is '$TEMP_DIR'");
+
+$state->{method} = 'ext';
+if (@ARGV) {
+    if ($ARGV[0] eq 'pserver') {
+	$state->{method} = 'pserver';
+	shift @ARGV;
+    } elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'server') {
+	shift @ARGV;
+    }
+}
+
+# everything else is a directory
+$state->{allowed_roots} = [ @ARGV ];
+
+# don't export the whole system unless the users requests it
+if ($state->{'export-all'} && !@{$state->{allowed_roots}}) {
+    die "--export-all can only be used together with an explicit whitelist\n";
+}
+
+# Environment handling for running under git-shell
+if (exists $ENV{GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH}) {
+    if ($state->{'base-path'}) {
+	die "Cannot specify base path both ways.\n";
+    }
+    my $base_path = $ENV{GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH};
+    $state->{'base-path'} = $base_path;
+    $log->debug("Picked up base path '$base_path' from environment.\n");
+}
+if (exists $ENV{GIT_CVSSERVER_ROOT}) {
+    if (@{$state->{allowed_roots}}) {
+	die "Cannot specify roots both ways: @ARGV\n";
+    }
+    my $allowed_root = $ENV{GIT_CVSSERVER_ROOT};
+    $state->{allowed_roots} = [ $allowed_root ];
+    $log->debug("Picked up allowed root '$allowed_root' from environment.\n");
+}
+
+# if we are called with a pserver argument,
+# deal with the authentication cat before entering the
+# main loop
+if ($state->{method} eq 'pserver') {
+    my $line = <STDIN>; chomp $line;
+    unless( $line =~ /^BEGIN (AUTH|VERIFICATION) REQUEST$/) {
+       die "E Do not understand $line - expecting BEGIN AUTH REQUEST\n";
+    }
+    my $request = $1;
+    $line = <STDIN>; chomp $line;
+    unless (req_Root('root', $line)) { # reuse Root
+       print "E Invalid root $line \n";
+       exit 1;
+    }
+    $line = <STDIN>; chomp $line;
+    unless ($line eq 'anonymous') {
+       print "E Only anonymous user allowed via pserver\n";
+       print "I HATE YOU\n";
+       exit 1;
+    }
+    $line = <STDIN>; chomp $line;    # validate the password?
+    $line = <STDIN>; chomp $line;
+    unless ($line eq "END $request REQUEST") {
+       die "E Do not understand $line -- expecting END $request REQUEST\n";
+    }
+    print "I LOVE YOU\n";
+    exit if $request eq 'VERIFICATION'; # cvs login
+    # and now back to our regular programme...
+}
+
+# Keep going until the client closes the connection
+while (<STDIN>)
+{
+    chomp;
+
+    # Check to see if we've seen this method, and call appropriate function.
+    if ( /^([\w-]+)(?:\s+(.*))?$/ and defined($methods->{$1}) )
+    {
+        # use the $methods hash to call the appropriate sub for this command
+        #$log->info("Method : $1");
+        &{$methods->{$1}}($1,$2);
+    } else {
+        # log fatal because we don't understand this function. If this happens
+        # we're fairly screwed because we don't know if the client is expecting
+        # a response. If it is, the client will hang, we'll hang, and the whole
+        # thing will be custard.
+        $log->fatal("Don't understand command $_\n");
+        die("Unknown command $_");
+    }
+}
+
+$log->debug("Processing time : user=" . (times)[0] . " system=" . (times)[1]);
+$log->info("--------------- FINISH -----------------");
+
+chdir '/';
+exit 0;
+
+# Magic catchall method.
+#    This is the method that will handle all commands we haven't yet
+#    implemented. It simply sends a warning to the log file indicating a
+#    command that hasn't been implemented has been invoked.
+sub req_CATCHALL
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+    $log->warn("Unhandled command : req_$cmd : $data");
+}
+
+# This method invariably succeeds with an empty response.
+sub req_EMPTY
+{
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+# Root pathname \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server which CVSROOT to use. Note that
+#     pathname is a local directory and not a fully qualified CVSROOT variable.
+#     pathname must already exist; if creating a new root, use the init
+#     request, not Root. pathname does not include the hostname of the server,
+#     how to access the server, etc.; by the time the CVS protocol is in use,
+#     connection, authentication, etc., are already taken care of. The Root
+#     request must be sent only once, and it must be sent before any requests
+#     other than Valid-responses, valid-requests, UseUnchanged, Set or init.
+sub req_Root
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+    $log->debug("req_Root : $data");
+
+    unless ($data =~ m#^/#) {
+	print "error 1 Root must be an absolute pathname\n";
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    my $cvsroot = $state->{'base-path'} || '';
+    $cvsroot =~ s#/+$##;
+    $cvsroot .= $data;
+
+    if ($state->{CVSROOT}
+	&& ($state->{CVSROOT} ne $cvsroot)) {
+	print "error 1 Conflicting roots specified\n";
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    $state->{CVSROOT} = $cvsroot;
+
+    $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $state->{CVSROOT} . "/";
+
+    if (@{$state->{allowed_roots}}) {
+	my $allowed = 0;
+	foreach my $dir (@{$state->{allowed_roots}}) {
+	    next unless $dir =~ m#^/#;
+	    $dir =~ s#/+$##;
+	    if ($state->{'strict-paths'}) {
+		if ($ENV{GIT_DIR} =~ m#^\Q$dir\E/?$#) {
+		    $allowed = 1;
+		    last;
+		}
+	    } elsif ($ENV{GIT_DIR} =~ m#^\Q$dir\E(/?$|/)#) {
+		$allowed = 1;
+		last;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	unless ($allowed) {
+	    print "E $ENV{GIT_DIR} does not seem to be a valid GIT repository\n";
+	    print "E \n";
+	    print "error 1 $ENV{GIT_DIR} is not a valid repository\n";
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
+
+    unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR} && -e $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'HEAD') {
+       print "E $ENV{GIT_DIR} does not seem to be a valid GIT repository\n";
+       print "E \n";
+       print "error 1 $ENV{GIT_DIR} is not a valid repository\n";
+       return 0;
+    }
+
+    my @gitvars = `git config -l`;
+    if ($?) {
+       print "E problems executing git-config on the server -- this is not a git repository or the PATH is not set correctly.\n";
+        print "E \n";
+        print "error 1 - problem executing git-config\n";
+       return 0;
+    }
+    foreach my $line ( @gitvars )
+    {
+        next unless ( $line =~ /^(gitcvs)\.(?:(ext|pserver)\.)?([\w-]+)=(.*)$/ );
+        unless ($2) {
+            $cfg->{$1}{$3} = $4;
+        } else {
+            $cfg->{$1}{$2}{$3} = $4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $enabled = ($cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{enabled}
+		   || $cfg->{gitcvs}{enabled});
+    unless ($state->{'export-all'} ||
+	    ($enabled && $enabled =~ /^\s*(1|true|yes)\s*$/i)) {
+        print "E GITCVS emulation needs to be enabled on this repo\n";
+        print "E the repo config file needs a [gitcvs] section added, and the parameter 'enabled' set to 1\n";
+        print "E \n";
+        print "error 1 GITCVS emulation disabled\n";
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    my $logfile = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{logfile} || $cfg->{gitcvs}{logfile};
+    if ( $logfile )
+    {
+        $log->setfile($logfile);
+    } else {
+        $log->nofile();
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+# Global_option option \n
+#     Response expected: no. Transmit one of the global options `-q', `-Q',
+#     `-l', `-t', `-r', or `-n'. option must be one of those strings, no
+#     variations (such as combining of options) are allowed. For graceful
+#     handling of valid-requests, it is probably better to make new global
+#     options separate requests, rather than trying to add them to this
+#     request.
+sub req_Globaloption
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+    $log->debug("req_Globaloption : $data");
+    $state->{globaloptions}{$data} = 1;
+}
+
+# Valid-responses request-list \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server what responses the client will
+#     accept. request-list is a space separated list of tokens.
+sub req_Validresponses
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+    $log->debug("req_Validresponses : $data");
+
+    # TODO : re-enable this, currently it's not particularly useful
+    #$state->{validresponses} = [ split /\s+/, $data ];
+}
+
+# valid-requests \n
+#     Response expected: yes. Ask the server to send back a Valid-requests
+#     response.
+sub req_validrequests
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    $log->debug("req_validrequests");
+
+    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods));
+    $log->debug("SEND : ok");
+
+    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods) . "\n";
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+# Directory local-directory \n
+#     Additional data: repository \n. Response expected: no. Tell the server
+#     what directory to use. The repository should be a directory name from a
+#     previous server response. Note that this both gives a default for Entry
+#     and Modified and also for ci and the other commands; normal usage is to
+#     send Directory for each directory in which there will be an Entry or
+#     Modified, and then a final Directory for the original directory, then the
+#     command. The local-directory is relative to the top level at which the
+#     command is occurring (i.e. the last Directory which is sent before the
+#     command); to indicate that top level, `.' should be sent for
+#     local-directory.
+sub req_Directory
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    my $repository = <STDIN>;
+    chomp $repository;
+
+
+    $state->{localdir} = $data;
+    $state->{repository} = $repository;
+    $state->{path} = $repository;
+    $state->{path} =~ s/^\Q$state->{CVSROOT}\E\///;
+    $state->{module} = $1 if ($state->{path} =~ s/^(.*?)(\/|$)//);
+    $state->{path} .= "/" if ( $state->{path} =~ /\S/ );
+
+    $state->{directory} = $state->{localdir};
+    $state->{directory} = "" if ( $state->{directory} eq "." );
+    $state->{directory} .= "/" if ( $state->{directory} =~ /\S/ );
+
+    if ( (not defined($state->{prependdir}) or $state->{prependdir} eq '') and $state->{localdir} eq "." and $state->{path} =~ /\S/ )
+    {
+        $log->info("Setting prepend to '$state->{path}'");
+        $state->{prependdir} = $state->{path};
+        foreach my $entry ( keys %{$state->{entries}} )
+        {
+            $state->{entries}{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
+            delete $state->{entries}{$entry};
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) )
+    {
+        $log->debug("Prepending '$state->{prependdir}' to state|directory");
+        $state->{directory} = $state->{prependdir} . $state->{directory}
+    }
+    $log->debug("req_Directory : localdir=$data repository=$repository path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory} module=$state->{module}");
+}
+
+# Entry entry-line \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server what version of a file is on the
+#     local machine. The name in entry-line is a name relative to the directory
+#     most recently specified with Directory. If the user is operating on only
+#     some files in a directory, Entry requests for only those files need be
+#     included. If an Entry request is sent without Modified, Is-modified, or
+#     Unchanged, it means the file is lost (does not exist in the working
+#     directory). If both Entry and one of Modified, Is-modified, or Unchanged
+#     are sent for the same file, Entry must be sent first. For a given file,
+#     one can send Modified, Is-modified, or Unchanged, but not more than one
+#     of these three.
+sub req_Entry
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    #$log->debug("req_Entry : $data");
+
+    my @data = split(/\//, $data);
+
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data[1]} = {
+        revision    => $data[2],
+        conflict    => $data[3],
+        options     => $data[4],
+        tag_or_date => $data[5],
+    };
+
+    $log->info("Received entry line '$data' => '" . $state->{directory} . $data[1] . "'");
+}
+
+# Questionable filename \n
+#     Response expected: no. Additional data: no. Tell the server to check
+#     whether filename should be ignored, and if not, next time the server
+#     sends responses, send (in a M response) `?' followed by the directory and
+#     filename. filename must not contain `/'; it needs to be a file in the
+#     directory named by the most recent Directory request.
+sub req_Questionable
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    $log->debug("req_Questionable : $data");
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data}{questionable} = 1;
+}
+
+# add \n
+#     Response expected: yes. Add a file or directory. This uses any previous
+#     Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have been sent.
+#     The last Directory sent specifies the working directory at the time of
+#     the operation. To add a directory, send the directory to be added using
+#     Directory and Argument requests.
+sub req_add
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("add");
+
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    argsfromdir($updater);
+
+    my $addcount = 0;
+
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
+        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev < 0))
+        {
+            # previously removed file, add back
+            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send 1.$meta->{revision}");
+
+            print "MT +updated\n";
+            print "MT text U \n";
+            print "MT fname $filename\n";
+            print "MT newline\n";
+            print "MT -updated\n";
+
+            unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+            {
+                my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
+
+                print "Created $dirpart\n";
+                print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
+
+                # this is an "entries" line
+                my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
+                $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+                print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                # permissions
+                $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
+                print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
+                # transmit file
+                transmitfile($meta->{filehash});
+            }
+
+            next;
+        }
+
+        unless ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) )
+        {
+            print "E cvs add: nothing known about `$filename'\n";
+            next;
+        }
+        # TODO : check we're not squashing an already existing file
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) )
+        {
+            print "E cvs add: `$filename' has already been entered\n";
+            next;
+        }
+
+        my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
+
+        print "E cvs add: scheduling file `$filename' for addition\n";
+
+        print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
+        print "$filename\n";
+        my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"file",
+                        $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename});
+        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/\n";
+
+        my $requestedKopts = $state->{opt}{k};
+        if(defined($requestedKopts))
+        {
+            $requestedKopts = "-k$requestedKopts";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $requestedKopts = "";
+        }
+        if( $kopts ne $requestedKopts )
+        {
+            $log->warn("Ignoring requested -k='$requestedKopts'"
+                        . " for '$filename'; detected -k='$kopts' instead");
+            #TODO: Also have option to send warning to user?
+        }
+
+        $addcount++;
+    }
+
+    if ( $addcount == 1 )
+    {
+        print "E cvs add: use `cvs commit' to add this file permanently\n";
+    }
+    elsif ( $addcount > 1 )
+    {
+        print "E cvs add: use `cvs commit' to add these files permanently\n";
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+# remove \n
+#     Response expected: yes. Remove a file. This uses any previous Argument,
+#     Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have been sent. The last
+#     Directory sent specifies the working directory at the time of the
+#     operation. Note that this request does not actually do anything to the
+#     repository; the only effect of a successful remove request is to supply
+#     the client with a new entries line containing `-' to indicate a removed
+#     file. In fact, the client probably could perform this operation without
+#     contacting the server, although using remove may cause the server to
+#     perform a few more checks. The client sends a subsequent ci request to
+#     actually record the removal in the repository.
+sub req_remove
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("remove");
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    #$log->debug("add state : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    my $rmcount = 0;
+
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} ) or defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) )
+        {
+            print "E cvs remove: file `$filename' still in working directory\n";
+            next;
+        }
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
+        unless ( defined ( $wrev ) )
+        {
+            print "E cvs remove: nothing known about `$filename'\n";
+            next;
+        }
+
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 )
+        {
+            print "E cvs remove: file `$filename' already scheduled for removal\n";
+            next;
+        }
+
+        unless ( $wrev == $meta->{revision} )
+        {
+            # TODO : not sure if the format of this message is quite correct.
+            print "E cvs remove: Up to date check failed for `$filename'\n";
+            next;
+        }
+
+
+        my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
+
+        print "E cvs remove: scheduling `$filename' for removal\n";
+
+        print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
+        print "$filename\n";
+        my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
+        print "/$filepart/-1.$wrev//$kopts/\n";
+
+        $rmcount++;
+    }
+
+    if ( $rmcount == 1 )
+    {
+        print "E cvs remove: use `cvs commit' to remove this file permanently\n";
+    }
+    elsif ( $rmcount > 1 )
+    {
+        print "E cvs remove: use `cvs commit' to remove these files permanently\n";
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+# Modified filename \n
+#     Response expected: no. Additional data: mode, \n, file transmission. Send
+#     the server a copy of one locally modified file. filename is a file within
+#     the most recent directory sent with Directory; it must not contain `/'.
+#     If the user is operating on only some files in a directory, only those
+#     files need to be included. This can also be sent without Entry, if there
+#     is no entry for the file.
+sub req_Modified
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    my $mode = <STDIN>;
+    defined $mode
+        or (print "E end of file reading mode for $data\n"), return;
+    chomp $mode;
+    my $size = <STDIN>;
+    defined $size
+        or (print "E end of file reading size of $data\n"), return;
+    chomp $size;
+
+    # Grab config information
+    my $blocksize = 8192;
+    my $bytesleft = $size;
+    my $tmp;
+
+    # Get a filehandle/name to write it to
+    my ( $fh, $filename ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+
+    # Loop over file data writing out to temporary file.
+    while ( $bytesleft )
+    {
+        $blocksize = $bytesleft if ( $bytesleft < $blocksize );
+        read STDIN, $tmp, $blocksize;
+        print $fh $tmp;
+        $bytesleft -= $blocksize;
+    }
+
+    close $fh
+        or (print "E failed to write temporary, $filename: $!\n"), return;
+
+    # Ensure we have something sensible for the file mode
+    if ( $mode =~ /u=(\w+)/ )
+    {
+        $mode = $1;
+    } else {
+        $mode = "rw";
+    }
+
+    # Save the file data in $state
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data}{modified_filename} = $filename;
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data}{modified_mode} = $mode;
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data}{modified_hash} = `git hash-object $filename`;
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data}{modified_hash} =~ s/\s.*$//s;
+
+    #$log->debug("req_Modified : file=$data mode=$mode size=$size");
+}
+
+# Unchanged filename \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server that filename has not been
+#     modified in the checked out directory. The filename is a file within the
+#     most recent directory sent with Directory; it must not contain `/'.
+sub req_Unchanged
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data}{unchanged} = 1;
+
+    #$log->debug("req_Unchanged : $data");
+}
+
+# Argument text \n
+#     Response expected: no. Save argument for use in a subsequent command.
+#     Arguments accumulate until an argument-using command is given, at which
+#     point they are forgotten.
+# Argumentx text \n
+#     Response expected: no. Append \n followed by text to the current argument
+#     being saved.
+sub req_Argument
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    # Argumentx means: append to last Argument (with a newline in front)
+
+    $log->debug("$cmd : $data");
+
+    if ( $cmd eq 'Argumentx') {
+        ${$state->{arguments}}[$#{$state->{arguments}}] .= "\n" . $data;
+    } else {
+        push @{$state->{arguments}}, $data;
+    }
+}
+
+# expand-modules \n
+#     Response expected: yes. Expand the modules which are specified in the
+#     arguments. Returns the data in Module-expansion responses. Note that the
+#     server can assume that this is checkout or export, not rtag or rdiff; the
+#     latter do not access the working directory and thus have no need to
+#     expand modules on the client side. Expand may not be the best word for
+#     what this request does. It does not necessarily tell you all the files
+#     contained in a module, for example. Basically it is a way of telling you
+#     which working directories the server needs to know about in order to
+#     handle a checkout of the specified modules. For example, suppose that the
+#     server has a module defined by
+#   aliasmodule -a 1dir
+#     That is, one can check out aliasmodule and it will take 1dir in the
+#     repository and check it out to 1dir in the working directory. Now suppose
+#     the client already has this module checked out and is planning on using
+#     the co request to update it. Without using expand-modules, the client
+#     would have two bad choices: it could either send information about all
+#     working directories under the current directory, which could be
+#     unnecessarily slow, or it could be ignorant of the fact that aliasmodule
+#     stands for 1dir, and neglect to send information for 1dir, which would
+#     lead to incorrect operation. With expand-modules, the client would first
+#     ask for the module to be expanded:
+sub req_expandmodules
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit();
+
+    $log->debug("req_expandmodules : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ) );
+
+    unless ( ref $state->{arguments} eq "ARRAY" )
+    {
+        print "ok\n";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    foreach my $module ( @{$state->{arguments}} )
+    {
+        $log->debug("SEND : Module-expansion $module");
+        print "Module-expansion $module\n";
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+    statecleanup();
+}
+
+# co \n
+#     Response expected: yes. Get files from the repository. This uses any
+#     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
+#     been sent. Arguments to this command are module names; the client cannot
+#     know what directories they correspond to except by (1) just sending the
+#     co request, and then seeing what directory names the server sends back in
+#     its responses, and (2) the expand-modules request.
+sub req_co
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("co");
+
+    # Provide list of modules, if -c was used.
+    if (exists $state->{opt}{c}) {
+        my $showref = `git show-ref --heads`;
+        for my $line (split '\n', $showref) {
+            if ( $line =~ m% refs/heads/(.*)$% ) {
+                print "M $1\t$1\n";
+            }
+        }
+        print "ok\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    my $module = $state->{args}[0];
+    $state->{module} = $module;
+    my $checkout_path = $module;
+
+    # use the user specified directory if we're given it
+    $checkout_path = $state->{opt}{d} if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{d} ) );
+
+    $log->debug("req_co : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ) );
+
+    $log->info("Checking out module '$module' ($state->{CVSROOT}) to '$checkout_path'");
+
+    $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $state->{CVSROOT} . "/";
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $module, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
+
+    # Eclipse seems to need the Clear-sticky command
+    # to prepare the 'Entries' file for the new directory.
+    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n";
+    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
+    print "Clear-static-directory $checkout_path/\n";
+    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
+    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n"; # yes, twice
+    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
+    print "Template $checkout_path/\n";
+    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
+    print "0\n";
+
+    # instruct the client that we're checking out to $checkout_path
+    print "E cvs checkout: Updating $checkout_path\n";
+
+    my %seendirs = ();
+    my $lastdir ='';
+
+    # recursive
+    sub prepdir {
+       my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs) = @_;
+       my $parent = dirname($dir);
+       $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
+       $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
+       $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
+       $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
+       $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+
+       if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './') {
+           $parent = '';
+       }
+       # recurse to announce unseen parents first
+       if (length($parent) && !exists($seendirs->{$parent})) {
+           prepdir($parent, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs);
+       }
+       # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
+       if ($parent) {
+           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir/$parent\n";
+       } else {
+           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir\n";
+       }
+       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n";
+       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
+
+       print "Clear-static-directory $remotedir/$dir/\n";
+       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
+       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n"; # yes, twice
+       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
+       print "Template $remotedir/$dir/\n";
+       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
+       print "0\n";
+
+       $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
+    }
+
+    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->gethead} )
+    {
+        # Don't want to check out deleted files
+        next if ( $git->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
+
+        my $fullName = $git->{name};
+        ( $git->{name}, $git->{dir} ) = filenamesplit($git->{name});
+
+       if (length($git->{dir}) && $git->{dir} ne './'
+           && $git->{dir} ne $lastdir ) {
+           unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
+               prepdir($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
+                       $checkout_path, \%seendirs);
+               $lastdir = $git->{dir};
+               $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
+           }
+           print "E cvs checkout: Updating /$checkout_path/$git->{dir}\n";
+       }
+
+        # modification time of this file
+        print "Mod-time $git->{modified}\n";
+
+        # print some information to the client
+        if ( defined ( $git->{dir} ) and $git->{dir} ne "./" )
+        {
+            print "M U $checkout_path/$git->{dir}$git->{name}\n";
+        } else {
+            print "M U $checkout_path/$git->{name}\n";
+        }
+
+       # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path
+       print "Created $checkout_path/" . ( defined ( $git->{dir} ) and $git->{dir} ne "./" ? $git->{dir} . "/" : "" ) . "\n";
+
+       print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/" . ( defined ( $git->{dir} ) and $git->{dir} ne "./" ? $git->{dir} . "/" : "" ) . "$git->{name}\n";
+
+        # this is an "entries" line
+        my $kopts = kopts_from_path($fullName,"sha1",$git->{filehash});
+        print "/$git->{name}/1.$git->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        # permissions
+        print "u=$git->{mode},g=$git->{mode},o=$git->{mode}\n";
+
+        # transmit file
+        transmitfile($git->{filehash});
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+
+    statecleanup();
+}
+
+# update \n
+#     Response expected: yes. Actually do a cvs update command. This uses any
+#     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
+#     been sent. The last Directory sent specifies the working directory at the
+#     time of the operation. The -I option is not used--files which the client
+#     can decide whether to ignore are not mentioned and the client sends the
+#     Questionable request for others.
+sub req_update
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    $log->debug("req_update : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
+
+    argsplit("update");
+
+    #
+    # It may just be a client exploring the available heads/modules
+    # in that case, list them as top level directories and leave it
+    # at that. Eclipse uses this technique to offer you a list of
+    # projects (heads in this case) to checkout.
+    #
+    if ($state->{module} eq '') {
+        my $showref = `git show-ref --heads`;
+        print "E cvs update: Updating .\n";
+        for my $line (split '\n', $showref) {
+            if ( $line =~ m% refs/heads/(.*)$% ) {
+                print "E cvs update: New directory `$1'\n";
+            }
+        }
+        print "ok\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+
+    $updater->update();
+
+    argsfromdir($updater);
+
+    #$log->debug("update state : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    my $last_dirname = "///";
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        $log->debug("Processing file $filename");
+
+        unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
+        {
+            my $cur_dirname = dirname($filename);
+            if ( $cur_dirname ne $last_dirname )
+            {
+                $last_dirname = $cur_dirname;
+                if ( $cur_dirname eq "" )
+                {
+                    $cur_dirname = ".";
+                }
+                print "E cvs update: Updating $cur_dirname\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        # if we have a -C we should pretend we never saw modified stuff
+        if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
+        {
+            delete $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash};
+            delete $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+            $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} = 1;
+        }
+
+        my $meta;
+        if ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ )
+        {
+            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $1);
+        } else {
+            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        }
+
+        # If -p was given, "print" the contents of the requested revision.
+        if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{p} ) ) {
+            if ( defined ( $meta->{revision} ) ) {
+                $log->info("Printing '$filename' revision " . $meta->{revision});
+
+                transmitfile($meta->{filehash}, { print => 1 });
+            }
+
+            next;
+        }
+
+	if ( ! defined $meta )
+	{
+	    $meta = {
+	        name => $filename,
+	        revision => 0,
+	        filehash => 'added'
+	    };
+	}
+
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
+        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        {
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+        }
+
+        #$log->debug("Target revision is $meta->{revision}, current working revision is $wrev");
+
+        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision,
+        # and the working copy is unmodified _and_ the user hasn't specified -C
+        next if ( defined ( $wrev )
+                  and defined($meta->{revision})
+                  and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+                  and $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
+                  and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) );
+
+        # If the working copy and repo copy have the same revision,
+        # but the working copy is modified, tell the client it's modified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev )
+             and defined($meta->{revision})
+             and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+             and defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash})
+             and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
+        {
+            $log->info("Tell the client the file is modified");
+            print "MT text M \n";
+            print "MT fname $filename\n";
+            print "MT newline\n";
+            next;
+        }
+
+        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
+
+            $log->info("Removing '$filename' from working copy (no longer in the repo)");
+
+            print "E cvs update: `$filename' is no longer in the repository\n";
+            # Don't want to actually _DO_ the update if -n specified
+            unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} ) {
+		print "Removed $dirpart\n";
+		print "$filepart\n";
+	    }
+        }
+        elsif ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} )
+		or $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $oldmeta->{filehash}
+		or $meta->{filehash} eq 'added' )
+        {
+            # normal update, just send the new revision (either U=Update,
+            # or A=Add, or R=Remove)
+	    if ( defined($wrev) && $wrev < 0 )
+	    {
+	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for removal");
+		print "MT text R \n";
+                print "MT fname $filename\n";
+                print "MT newline\n";
+		next;
+	    }
+	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev == 0) && (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} == 0) )
+	    {
+	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for addition");
+		print "MT text A \n";
+                print "MT fname $filename\n";
+                print "MT newline\n";
+		next;
+
+	    }
+	    else {
+                $log->info("Updating '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
+                print "MT +updated\n";
+                print "MT text U \n";
+                print "MT fname $filename\n";
+                print "MT newline\n";
+		print "MT -updated\n";
+	    }
+
+            my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
+
+	    # Don't want to actually _DO_ the update if -n specified
+	    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+	    {
+		if ( defined ( $wrev ) )
+		{
+		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a replacement
+		    print "Update-existing $dirpart\n";
+		    $log->debug("Updating existing file 'Update-existing $dirpart'");
+		} else {
+		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a new file
+		    print "Clear-static-directory $dirpart\n";
+		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
+		    print "Clear-sticky $dirpart\n";
+		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
+
+		    $log->debug("Creating new file 'Created $dirpart'");
+		    print "Created $dirpart\n";
+		}
+		print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
+
+		# this is an "entries" line
+		my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
+		$log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+		print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+
+		# permissions
+		$log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
+		print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
+
+		# transmit file
+		transmitfile($meta->{filehash});
+	    }
+        } else {
+            $log->info("Updating '$filename'");
+            my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($meta->{name},1);
+
+            my $mergeDir = setupTmpDir();
+
+            my $file_local = $filepart . ".mine";
+            my $mergedFile = "$mergeDir/$file_local";
+            system("ln","-s",$state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename}, $file_local);
+            my $file_old = $filepart . "." . $oldmeta->{revision};
+            transmitfile($oldmeta->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file_old });
+            my $file_new = $filepart . "." . $meta->{revision};
+            transmitfile($meta->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file_new });
+
+            # we need to merge with the local changes ( M=successful merge, C=conflict merge )
+            $log->info("Merging $file_local, $file_old, $file_new");
+            print "M Merging differences between 1.$oldmeta->{revision} and 1.$meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
+
+            $log->debug("Temporary directory for merge is $mergeDir");
+
+            my $return = system("git", "merge-file", $file_local, $file_old, $file_new);
+            $return >>= 8;
+
+            cleanupTmpDir();
+
+            if ( $return == 0 )
+            {
+                $log->info("Merged successfully");
+                print "M M $filename\n";
+                $log->debug("Merged $dirpart");
+
+                # Don't want to actually _DO_ the update if -n specified
+                unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+                {
+                    print "Merged $dirpart\n";
+                    $log->debug($state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename");
+                    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
+                    my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
+                                                "file",$mergedFile);
+                    $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                }
+            }
+            elsif ( $return == 1 )
+            {
+                $log->info("Merged with conflicts");
+                print "E cvs update: conflicts found in $filename\n";
+                print "M C $filename\n";
+
+                # Don't want to actually _DO_ the update if -n specified
+                unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+                {
+                    print "Merged $dirpart\n";
+                    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
+                    my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
+                                                "file",$mergedFile);
+                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/\n";
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                $log->warn("Merge failed");
+                next;
+            }
+
+            # Don't want to actually _DO_ the update if -n specified
+            unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+            {
+                # permissions
+                $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
+                print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
+
+                # transmit file, format is single integer on a line by itself (file
+                # size) followed by the file contents
+                # TODO : we should copy files in blocks
+                my $data = `cat $mergedFile`;
+                $log->debug("File size : " . length($data));
+                print length($data) . "\n";
+                print $data;
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+sub req_ci
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("ci");
+
+    #$log->debug("State : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    $log->info("req_ci : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
+
+    if ( $state->{method} eq 'pserver')
+    {
+        print "error 1 pserver access cannot commit\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+
+    if ( -e $state->{CVSROOT} . "/index" )
+    {
+        $log->warn("file 'index' already exists in the git repository");
+        print "error 1 Index already exists in git repo\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    # Remember where the head was at the beginning.
+    my $parenthash = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
+    chomp $parenthash;
+    if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/) {
+	    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+	    cleanupWorkTree();
+	    exit;
+    }
+
+    setupWorkTree($parenthash);
+
+    $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+    $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
+
+    my @committedfiles = ();
+    my %oldmeta;
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        my $committedfile = $filename;
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        next unless ( exists $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} or not $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} );
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+	$oldmeta{$filename} = $meta;
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
+        my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename);
+
+	# do a checkout of the file if it is part of this tree
+        if ($wrev) {
+            system('git', 'checkout-index', '-f', '-u', $filename);
+            unless ($? == 0) {
+                die "Error running git-checkout-index -f -u $filename : $!";
+            }
+        }
+
+        my $addflag = 0;
+        my $rmflag = 0;
+        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 );
+        $addflag = 1 unless ( -e $filename );
+
+        # Do up to date checking
+        unless ( $addflag or $wrev == $meta->{revision} or ( $rmflag and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} ) )
+        {
+            # fail everything if an up to date check fails
+            print "error 1 Up to date check failed for $filename\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        push @committedfiles, $committedfile;
+        $log->info("Committing $filename");
+
+        system("mkdir","-p",$dirpart) unless ( -d $dirpart );
+
+        unless ( $rmflag )
+        {
+            $log->debug("rename $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} $filename");
+            rename $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename},$filename;
+
+            # Calculate modes to remove
+            my $invmode = "";
+            foreach ( qw (r w x) ) { $invmode .= $_ unless ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_mode} =~ /$_/ ); }
+
+            $log->debug("chmod u+" . $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_mode} . "-" . $invmode . " $filename");
+            system("chmod","u+" .  $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_mode} . "-" . $invmode, $filename);
+        }
+
+        if ( $rmflag )
+        {
+            $log->info("Removing file '$filename'");
+            unlink($filename);
+            system("git", "update-index", "--remove", $filename);
+        }
+        elsif ( $addflag )
+        {
+            $log->info("Adding file '$filename'");
+            system("git", "update-index", "--add", $filename);
+        } else {
+            $log->info("Updating file '$filename'");
+            system("git", "update-index", $filename);
+        }
+    }
+
+    unless ( scalar(@committedfiles) > 0 )
+    {
+        print "E No files to commit\n";
+        print "ok\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    my $treehash = `git write-tree`;
+    chomp $treehash;
+
+    $log->debug("Treehash : $treehash, Parenthash : $parenthash");
+
+    # write our commit message out if we have one ...
+    my ( $msg_fh, $msg_filename ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+    print $msg_fh $state->{opt}{m};# if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{m} ) );
+    if ( defined ( $cfg->{gitcvs}{commitmsgannotation} ) ) {
+        if ($cfg->{gitcvs}{commitmsgannotation} !~ /^\s*$/ ) {
+            print $msg_fh "\n\n".$cfg->{gitcvs}{commitmsgannotation}."\n"
+        }
+    } else {
+        print $msg_fh "\n\nvia git-CVS emulator\n";
+    }
+    close $msg_fh;
+
+    my $commithash = `git commit-tree $treehash -p $parenthash < $msg_filename`;
+    chomp($commithash);
+    $log->info("Commit hash : $commithash");
+
+    unless ( $commithash =~ /[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}/ )
+    {
+        $log->warn("Commit failed (Invalid commit hash)");
+        print "error 1 Commit failed (unknown reason)\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+
+	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/update
+	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', "refs/heads/$state->{module}",
+			$parenthash, $commithash );
+	if( -x $hook[0] ) {
+		unless( system( @hook ) == 0 )
+		{
+			$log->warn("Commit failed (update hook declined to update ref)");
+			print "error 1 Commit failed (update hook declined)\n";
+			cleanupWorkTree();
+			exit;
+		}
+	}
+
+	### Update the ref
+	if (system(qw(git update-ref -m), "cvsserver ci",
+			"refs/heads/$state->{module}", $commithash, $parenthash)) {
+		$log->warn("update-ref for $state->{module} failed.");
+		print "error 1 Cannot commit -- update first\n";
+		cleanupWorkTree();
+		exit;
+	}
+
+	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/post-receive
+	my $hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-receive';
+	if( -x $hook ) {
+		open(my $pipe, "| $hook") || die "can't fork $!";
+
+		local $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die 'pipe broke' };
+
+		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash refs/heads/$state->{module}\n";
+
+		close $pipe || die "bad pipe: $! $?";
+	}
+
+    $updater->update();
+
+	### Then hooks/post-update
+	$hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-update';
+	if (-x $hook) {
+		system($hook, "refs/heads/$state->{module}");
+	}
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @committedfiles )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+	unless (defined $meta->{revision}) {
+	  $meta->{revision} = 1;
+	}
+
+        my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
+
+        $log->debug("Checked-in $dirpart : $filename");
+
+	print "M $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v  <--  $dirpart$filepart\n";
+        if ( defined $meta->{filehash} && $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+            print "Remove-entry $dirpart\n";
+            print "$filename\n";
+        } else {
+            if ($meta->{revision} == 1) {
+	        print "M initial revision: 1.1\n";
+            } else {
+	        print "M new revision: 1.$meta->{revision}; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+            }
+            print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
+            print "$filename\n";
+            my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
+            print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    cleanupWorkTree();
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+sub req_status
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("status");
+
+    $log->info("req_status : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
+    #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    argsfromdir($updater);
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        next if exists($state->{opt}{l}) && index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0;
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
+        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        {
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+        }
+
+        # TODO : All possible statuses aren't yet implemented
+        my $status;
+        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
+        $status = "Up-to-date" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+                                    and
+                                    ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
+                                      or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta->{filehash} ) )
+                                   );
+
+        # Need checkout if the working copy has an older revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is unmodified
+        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev
+                                          and
+                                          ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
+                                            or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $oldmeta->{filehash} ) )
+                                        );
+
+        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working copy
+        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
+
+        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the same revision but there are local changes
+        $status ||= "Locally Modified" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision} and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
+
+        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is less than repo copy and there are local changes
+        $status ||= "Needs Merge" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
+
+        $status ||= "Locally Added" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and not defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
+        $status ||= "Locally Removed" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} );
+        $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ );
+        $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge" if ( 0 );
+
+        $status ||= "Unknown";
+
+        my ($filepart) = filenamesplit($filename);
+
+        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        print "M File: $filepart\tStatus: $status\n";
+        if ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{revision}) )
+        {
+            print "M Working revision:\t" . $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
+        } else {
+            print "M Working revision:\tNo entry for $filename\n";
+        }
+        if ( defined($meta->{revision}) )
+        {
+            print "M Repository revision:\t1." . $meta->{revision} . "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t(none)\n";
+            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t(none)\n";
+            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t(none)\n";
+        } else {
+            print "M Repository revision:\tNo revision control file\n";
+        }
+        print "M\n";
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+sub req_diff
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("diff");
+
+    $log->debug("req_diff : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
+    #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    my ($revision1, $revision2);
+    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) and ref $state->{opt}{r} eq "ARRAY" )
+    {
+        $revision1 = $state->{opt}{r}[0];
+        $revision2 = $state->{opt}{r}[1];
+    } else {
+        $revision1 = $state->{opt}{r};
+    }
+
+    $revision1 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision1 ) );
+    $revision2 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision2 ) );
+
+    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " . ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) . " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    argsfromdir($updater);
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        my ( $fh, $file1, $file2, $meta1, $meta2, $filediff );
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
+        # We need _something_ to diff against
+        next unless ( defined ( $wrev ) );
+
+        # if we have a -r switch, use it
+        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) )
+        {
+            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision1);
+            unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) and $meta1->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+            {
+                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                next;
+            }
+            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+        }
+        # otherwise we just use the working copy revision
+        else
+        {
+            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+        }
+
+        # if we have a second -r switch, use it too
+        if ( defined ( $revision2 ) )
+        {
+            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision2);
+
+            unless ( defined ( $meta2 ) and $meta2->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+            {
+                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision2 doesn't exist\n";
+                next;
+            }
+
+            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+        }
+        # otherwise we just use the working copy
+        else
+        {
+            $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+        }
+
+        # if we have been given -r, and we don't have a $file2 yet, lets get one
+        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) and not defined ( $file2 ) )
+        {
+            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+        }
+
+        # We need to have retrieved something useful
+        next unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
+
+        # Files to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
+        next if ( not defined ( $meta2 ) and $wrev == $meta1->{revision}
+                  and
+                   ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
+                     or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta1->{filehash} ) )
+                  );
+
+        # Apparently we only show diffs for locally modified files
+        next unless ( defined($meta2) or defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) );
+
+        print "M Index: $filename\n";
+        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta1->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
+        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta2->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta2 ) );
+        print "M diff ";
+        foreach my $opt ( keys %{$state->{opt}} )
+        {
+            if ( ref $state->{opt}{$opt} eq "ARRAY" )
+            {
+                foreach my $value ( @{$state->{opt}{$opt}} )
+                {
+                    print "-$opt $value ";
+                }
+            } else {
+                print "-$opt ";
+                print "$state->{opt}{$opt} " if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) );
+            }
+        }
+        print "$filename\n";
+
+        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " . ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
+
+        ( $fh, $filediff ) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+
+        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        {
+            system("diff -u -L '$filename revision 1.$meta1->{revision}' -L '$filename " . ( defined($meta2->{revision}) ? "revision 1.$meta2->{revision}" : "working copy" ) . "' $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
+        } else {
+            system("diff $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
+        }
+
+        while ( <$fh> )
+        {
+            print "M $_";
+        }
+        close $fh;
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+sub req_log
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("log");
+
+    $log->debug("req_log : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
+    #$log->debug("log state : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
+    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /([\d.]+)?(::?)([\d.]+)?/ )
+    {
+        my $control = $2;
+        $minrev = $1;
+        $maxrev = $3;
+        $minrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $minrev ) );
+        $maxrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $maxrev ) );
+        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+    }
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    argsfromdir($updater);
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        my $headmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+
+        my $revisions = $updater->getlog($filename);
+        my $totalrevisions = scalar(@$revisions);
+
+        if ( defined ( $minrev ) )
+        {
+            $log->debug("Removing revisions less than $minrev");
+            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[-1]{revision} < $minrev )
+            {
+                pop @$revisions;
+            }
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $maxrev ) )
+        {
+            $log->debug("Removing revisions greater than $maxrev");
+            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[0]{revision} > $maxrev )
+            {
+                shift @$revisions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        next unless ( scalar(@$revisions) );
+
+        print "M \n";
+        print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+        print "M Working file: $filename\n";
+        print "M head: 1.$headmeta->{revision}\n";
+        print "M branch:\n";
+        print "M locks: strict\n";
+        print "M access list:\n";
+        print "M symbolic names:\n";
+        print "M keyword substitution: kv\n";
+        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " . scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
+        print "M description:\n";
+
+        foreach my $revision ( @$revisions )
+        {
+            print "M ----------------------------\n";
+            print "M revision 1.$revision->{revision}\n";
+            # reformat the date for log output
+            $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s', $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 ) if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) );
+            $revision->{author} = cvs_author($revision->{author});
+            print "M date: $revision->{modified};  author: $revision->{author};  state: " . ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) . ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
+            my $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
+            $commitmessage =~ s/^/M /mg;
+            print $commitmessage . "\n";
+        }
+        print "M =============================================================================\n";
+    }
+
+    print "ok\n";
+}
+
+sub req_annotate
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $data ) = @_;
+
+    argsplit("annotate");
+
+    $log->info("req_annotate : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
+    #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
+
+    # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
+    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    $updater->update();
+
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing annotate on ...
+    argsfromdir($updater);
+
+    # we'll need a temporary checkout dir
+    setupWorkTree();
+
+    $log->info("Temp checkoutdir creation successful, basing annotate session work on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE}'");
+
+    # foreach file specified on the command line ...
+    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    {
+        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+
+        next unless ( $meta->{revision} );
+
+	# get all the commits that this file was in
+	# in dense format -- aka skip dead revisions
+        my $revisions   = $updater->gethistorydense($filename);
+	my $lastseenin  = $revisions->[0][2];
+
+	# populate the temporary index based on the latest commit were we saw
+	# the file -- but do it cheaply without checking out any files
+	# TODO: if we got a revision from the client, use that instead
+	# to look up the commithash in sqlite (still good to default to
+	# the current head as we do now)
+	system("git", "read-tree", $lastseenin);
+	unless ($? == 0)
+	{
+	    print "E error running git-read-tree $lastseenin $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} $!\n";
+	    return;
+	}
+	$log->info("Created index '$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE}' with commit $lastseenin - exit status $?");
+
+        # do a checkout of the file
+        system('git', 'checkout-index', '-f', '-u', $filename);
+        unless ($? == 0) {
+            print "E error running git-checkout-index -f -u $filename : $!\n";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $log->info("Annotate $filename");
+
+        # Prepare a file with the commits from the linearized
+        # history that annotate should know about. This prevents
+        # git-jsannotate telling us about commits we are hiding
+        # from the client.
+
+        my $a_hints = "$work->{workDir}/.annotate_hints";
+        if (!open(ANNOTATEHINTS, '>', $a_hints)) {
+            print "E failed to open '$a_hints' for writing: $!\n";
+            return;
+        }
+        for (my $i=0; $i < @$revisions; $i++)
+        {
+            print ANNOTATEHINTS $revisions->[$i][2];
+            if ($i+1 < @$revisions) { # have we got a parent?
+                print ANNOTATEHINTS ' ' . $revisions->[$i+1][2];
+            }
+            print ANNOTATEHINTS "\n";
+        }
+
+        print ANNOTATEHINTS "\n";
+        close ANNOTATEHINTS
+            or (print "E failed to write $a_hints: $!\n"), return;
+
+        my @cmd = (qw(git annotate -l -S), $a_hints, $filename);
+        if (!open(ANNOTATE, "-|", @cmd)) {
+            print "E error invoking ". join(' ',@cmd) .": $!\n";
+            return;
+        }
+        my $metadata = {};
+        print "E Annotations for $filename\n";
+        print "E ***************\n";
+        while ( <ANNOTATE> )
+        {
+            if (m/^([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\t\([^\)]*\)(.*)$/i)
+            {
+                my $commithash = $1;
+                my $data = $2;
+                unless ( defined ( $metadata->{$commithash} ) )
+                {
+                    $metadata->{$commithash} = $updater->getmeta($filename, $commithash);
+                    $metadata->{$commithash}{author} = cvs_author($metadata->{$commithash}{author});
+                    $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} = sprintf("%02d-%s-%02d", $1, $2, $3) if ( $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} =~ /^(\d+)\s(\w+)\s\d\d(\d\d)/ );
+                }
+                printf("M 1.%-5d      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
+                    $metadata->{$commithash}{revision},
+                    $metadata->{$commithash}{author},
+                    $metadata->{$commithash}{modified},
+                    $data
+                );
+            } else {
+                $log->warn("Error in annotate output! LINE: $_");
+                print "E Annotate error \n";
+                next;
+            }
+        }
+        close ANNOTATE;
+    }
+
+    # done; get out of the tempdir
+    cleanupWorkTree();
+
+    print "ok\n";
+
+}
+
+# This method takes the state->{arguments} array and produces two new arrays.
+# The first is $state->{args} which is everything before the '--' argument, and
+# the second is $state->{files} which is everything after it.
+sub argsplit
+{
+    $state->{args} = [];
+    $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{opt} = {};
+
+    return unless( defined($state->{arguments}) and ref $state->{arguments} eq "ARRAY" );
+
+    my $type = shift;
+
+    if ( defined($type) )
+    {
+        my $opt = {};
+        $opt = { A => 0, N => 0, P => 0, R => 0, c => 0, f => 0, l => 0, n => 0, p => 0, s => 0, r => 1, D => 1, d => 1, k => 1, j => 1, } if ( $type eq "co" );
+        $opt = { v => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "status" );
+        $opt = { A => 0, P => 0, C => 0, d => 0, f => 0, l => 0, R => 0, p => 0, k => 1, r => 1, D => 1, j => 1, I => 1, W => 1 } if ( $type eq "update" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
+        $opt = { c => 0, R => 0, l => 0, f => 0, F => 1, m => 1, r => 1 } if ( $type eq "ci" );
+        $opt = { k => 1, m => 1 } if ( $type eq "add" );
+        $opt = { f => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "remove" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, b => 0, h => 0, R => 0, t => 0, N => 0, S => 0, r => 1, d => 1, s => 1, w => 1 } if ( $type eq "log" );
+
+
+        while ( scalar ( @{$state->{arguments}} ) > 0 )
+        {
+            my $arg = shift @{$state->{arguments}};
+
+            next if ( $arg eq "--" );
+            next unless ( $arg =~ /\S/ );
+
+            # if the argument looks like a switch
+            if ( $arg =~ /^-(\w)(.*)/ )
+            {
+                # if it's a switch that takes an argument
+                if ( $opt->{$1} )
+                {
+                    # If this switch has already been provided
+                    if ( $opt->{$1} > 1 and exists ( $state->{opt}{$1} ) )
+                    {
+                        $state->{opt}{$1} = [ $state->{opt}{$1} ];
+                        if ( length($2) > 0 )
+                        {
+                            push @{$state->{opt}{$1}},$2;
+                        } else {
+                            push @{$state->{opt}{$1}}, shift @{$state->{arguments}};
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        # if there's extra data in the arg, use that as the argument for the switch
+                        if ( length($2) > 0 )
+                        {
+                            $state->{opt}{$1} = $2;
+                        } else {
+                            $state->{opt}{$1} = shift @{$state->{arguments}};
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $state->{opt}{$1} = undef;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                push @{$state->{args}}, $arg;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        my $mode = 0;
+
+        foreach my $value ( @{$state->{arguments}} )
+        {
+            if ( $value eq "--" )
+            {
+                $mode++;
+                next;
+            }
+            push @{$state->{args}}, $value if ( $mode == 0 );
+            push @{$state->{files}}, $value if ( $mode == 1 );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# This method uses $state->{directory} to populate $state->{args} with a list of filenames
+sub argsfromdir
+{
+    my $updater = shift;
+
+    $state->{args} = [] if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 and $state->{args}[0] eq "." );
+
+    return if ( scalar ( @{$state->{args}} ) > 1 );
+
+    my @gethead = @{$updater->gethead};
+
+    # push added files
+    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}}) {
+	if ( exists $state->{entries}{$file}{revision} &&
+		$state->{entries}{$file}{revision} == 0 )
+	{
+	    push @gethead, { name => $file, filehash => 'added' };
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 )
+    {
+        my $arg = $state->{args}[0];
+        $arg .= $state->{prependdir} if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) );
+
+        $log->info("Only one arg specified, checking for directory expansion on '$arg'");
+
+        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
+            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ /^$arg\// or $file->{name} eq $arg  );
+            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+        }
+
+        shift @{$state->{args}} if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) > 1 );
+    } else {
+        $log->info("Only one arg specified, populating file list automatically");
+
+        $state->{args} = [];
+
+        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
+            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}// );
+            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# This method cleans up the $state variable after a command that uses arguments has run
+sub statecleanup
+{
+    $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{args} = [];
+    $state->{arguments} = [];
+    $state->{entries} = {};
+}
+
+sub revparse
+{
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    return undef unless ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) );
+
+    return $1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ );
+    return -$1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^-1\.(\d+)/ );
+
+    return undef;
+}
+
+# This method takes a file hash and does a CVS "file transfer".  Its
+# exact behaviour depends on a second, optional hash table argument:
+# - If $options->{targetfile}, dump the contents to that file;
+# - If $options->{print}, use M/MT to transmit the contents one line
+#   at a time;
+# - Otherwise, transmit the size of the file, followed by the file
+#   contents.
+sub transmitfile
+{
+    my $filehash = shift;
+    my $options = shift;
+
+    if ( defined ( $filehash ) and $filehash eq "deleted" )
+    {
+        $log->warn("filehash is 'deleted'");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    die "Need filehash" unless ( defined ( $filehash ) and $filehash =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ );
+
+    my $type = `git cat-file -t $filehash`;
+    chomp $type;
+
+    die ( "Invalid type '$type' (expected 'blob')" ) unless ( defined ( $type ) and $type eq "blob" );
+
+    my $size = `git cat-file -s $filehash`;
+    chomp $size;
+
+    $log->debug("transmitfile($filehash) size=$size, type=$type");
+
+    if ( open my $fh, '-|', "git", "cat-file", "blob", $filehash )
+    {
+        if ( defined ( $options->{targetfile} ) )
+        {
+            my $targetfile = $options->{targetfile};
+            open NEWFILE, ">", $targetfile or die("Couldn't open '$targetfile' for writing : $!");
+            print NEWFILE $_ while ( <$fh> );
+            close NEWFILE or die("Failed to write '$targetfile': $!");
+        } elsif ( defined ( $options->{print} ) && $options->{print} ) {
+            while ( <$fh> ) {
+                if( /\n\z/ ) {
+                    print 'M ', $_;
+                } else {
+                    print 'MT text ', $_, "\n";
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            print "$size\n";
+            print while ( <$fh> );
+        }
+        close $fh or die ("Couldn't close filehandle for transmitfile(): $!");
+    } else {
+        die("Couldn't execute git-cat-file");
+    }
+}
+
+# This method takes a file name, and returns ( $dirpart, $filepart ) which
+# refers to the directory portion and the file portion of the filename
+# respectively
+sub filenamesplit
+{
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $fixforlocaldir = shift;
+
+    my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = ( $filename, "." );
+    ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = ( $2, $1 ) if ( $filename =~ /(.*)\/(.*)/ );
+    $dirpart .= "/";
+
+    if ( $fixforlocaldir )
+    {
+        $dirpart =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}//;
+    }
+
+    return ( $filepart, $dirpart );
+}
+
+sub filecleanup
+{
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    return undef unless(defined($filename));
+    if ( $filename =~ /^\// )
+    {
+        print "E absolute filenames '$filename' not supported by server\n";
+        return undef;
+    }
+
+    $filename =~ s/^\.\///g;
+    $filename = $state->{prependdir} . $filename;
+    return $filename;
+}
+
+sub validateGitDir
+{
+    if( !defined($state->{CVSROOT}) )
+    {
+        print "error 1 CVSROOT not specified\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+    if( $ENV{GIT_DIR} ne ($state->{CVSROOT} . '/') )
+    {
+        print "error 1 Internally inconsistent CVSROOT\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+}
+
+# Setup working directory in a work tree with the requested version
+# loaded in the index.
+sub setupWorkTree
+{
+    my ($ver) = @_;
+
+    validateGitDir();
+
+    if( ( defined($work->{state}) && $work->{state} != 1 ) ||
+        defined($work->{tmpDir}) )
+    {
+        $log->warn("Bad work tree state management");
+        print "error 1 Internal setup multiple work trees without cleanup\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+
+    $work->{workDir} = tempdir ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+
+    if( !defined($work->{index}) )
+    {
+        (undef, $work->{index}) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+    }
+
+    chdir $work->{workDir} or
+        die "Unable to chdir to $work->{workDir}\n";
+
+    $log->info("Setting up GIT_WORK_TREE as '.' in '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+    $ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = ".";
+    $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $work->{index};
+    $work->{state} = 2;
+
+    if($ver)
+    {
+        system("git","read-tree",$ver);
+        unless ($? == 0)
+        {
+            $log->warn("Error running git-read-tree");
+            die "Error running git-read-tree $ver in $work->{workDir} $!\n";
+        }
+    }
+    # else # req_annotate reads tree for each file
+}
+
+# Ensure current directory is in some kind of working directory,
+# with a recent version loaded in the index.
+sub ensureWorkTree
+{
+    if( defined($work->{tmpDir}) )
+    {
+        $log->warn("Bad work tree state management [ensureWorkTree()]");
+        print "error 1 Internal setup multiple dirs without cleanup\n";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+    if( $work->{state} )
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    validateGitDir();
+
+    if( !defined($work->{emptyDir}) )
+    {
+        $work->{emptyDir} = tempdir ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0);
+    }
+    chdir $work->{emptyDir} or
+        die "Unable to chdir to $work->{emptyDir}\n";
+
+    my $ver = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
+    chomp $ver;
+    if ($ver !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+    {
+        $log->warn("Error from git show-ref -s refs/head$state->{module}");
+        print "error 1 cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+        cleanupWorkTree();
+        exit;
+    }
+
+    if( !defined($work->{index}) )
+    {
+        (undef, $work->{index}) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+    }
+
+    $ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = ".";
+    $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $work->{index};
+    $work->{state} = 1;
+
+    system("git","read-tree",$ver);
+    unless ($? == 0)
+    {
+        die "Error running git-read-tree $ver $!\n";
+    }
+}
+
+# Cleanup working directory that is not needed any longer.
+sub cleanupWorkTree
+{
+    if( ! $work->{state} )
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    chdir "/" or die "Unable to chdir '/'\n";
+
+    if( defined($work->{workDir}) )
+    {
+        rmtree( $work->{workDir} );
+        undef $work->{workDir};
+    }
+    undef $work->{state};
+}
+
+# Setup a temporary directory (not a working tree), typically for
+# merging dirty state as in req_update.
+sub setupTmpDir
+{
+    $work->{tmpDir} = tempdir ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
+    chdir $work->{tmpDir} or die "Unable to chdir $work->{tmpDir}\n";
+
+    return $work->{tmpDir};
+}
+
+# Clean up a previously setupTmpDir.  Restore previous work tree if
+# appropriate.
+sub cleanupTmpDir
+{
+    if ( !defined($work->{tmpDir}) )
+    {
+        $log->warn("cleanup tmpdir that has not been setup");
+        die "Cleanup tmpDir that has not been setup\n";
+    }
+    if( defined($work->{state}) )
+    {
+        if( $work->{state} == 1 )
+        {
+            chdir $work->{emptyDir} or
+                die "Unable to chdir to $work->{emptyDir}\n";
+        }
+        elsif( $work->{state} == 2 )
+        {
+            chdir $work->{workDir} or
+                die "Unable to chdir to $work->{emptyDir}\n";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->warn("Inconsistent work dir state");
+            die "Inconsistent work dir state\n";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        chdir "/" or die "Unable to chdir '/'\n";
+    }
+}
+
+# Given a path, this function returns a string containing the kopts
+# that should go into that path's Entries line.  For example, a binary
+# file should get -kb.
+sub kopts_from_path
+{
+    my ($path, $srcType, $name) = @_;
+
+    if ( defined ( $cfg->{gitcvs}{usecrlfattr} ) and
+         $cfg->{gitcvs}{usecrlfattr} =~ /\s*(1|true|yes)\s*$/i )
+    {
+        my ($val) = check_attr( "crlf", $path );
+        if ( $val eq "set" )
+        {
+            return "";
+        }
+        elsif ( $val eq "unset" )
+        {
+            return "-kb"
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->info("Unrecognized check_attr crlf $path : $val");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( defined ( $cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} ) )
+    {
+        if( ($cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} =~ /^\s*(1|true|yes)\s*$/i) )
+        {
+            return "-kb";
+        }
+        elsif( ($cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} =~ /^\s*guess\s*$/i) )
+        {
+            if( $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" &&
+                !defined($name) )
+            {
+                my ($ret)=$state->{entries}{$path}{options};
+                if( !defined($ret) )
+                {
+                    $ret=$state->{opt}{k};
+                    if(defined($ret))
+                    {
+                        $ret="-k$ret";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        $ret="";
+                    }
+                }
+                if( ! ($ret=~/^(|-kb|-kkv|-kkvl|-kk|-ko|-kv)$/) )
+                {
+                    print "E Bad -k option\n";
+                    $log->warn("Bad -k option: $ret");
+                    die "Error: Bad -k option: $ret\n";
+                }
+
+                return $ret;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
+                {
+                    $log->debug("... as binary");
+                    return "-kb";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    $log->debug("... as text");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    # Return "" to give no special treatment to any path
+    return "";
+}
+
+sub check_attr
+{
+    my ($attr,$path) = @_;
+    ensureWorkTree();
+    if ( open my $fh, '-|', "git", "check-attr", $attr, "--", $path )
+    {
+        my $val = <$fh>;
+        close $fh;
+        $val =~ s/.*: ([^:\r\n]*)\s*$/$1/;
+        return $val;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return undef;
+    }
+}
+
+# This should have the same heuristics as convert.c:is_binary() and related.
+# Note that the bare CR test is done by callers in convert.c.
+sub is_binary
+{
+    my ($srcType,$name) = @_;
+    $log->debug("is_binary($srcType,$name)");
+
+    # Minimize amount of interpreted code run in the inner per-character
+    # loop for large files, by totalling each character value and
+    # then analyzing the totals.
+    my @counts;
+    my $i;
+    for($i=0;$i<256;$i++)
+    {
+        $counts[$i]=0;
+    }
+
+    my $fh = open_blob_or_die($srcType,$name);
+    my $line;
+    while( defined($line=<$fh>) )
+    {
+        # Any '\0' and bare CR are considered binary.
+        if( $line =~ /\0|(\r[^\n])/ )
+        {
+            close($fh);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        # Count up each character in the line:
+        my $len=length($line);
+        for($i=0;$i<$len;$i++)
+        {
+            $counts[ord(substr($line,$i,1))]++;
+        }
+    }
+    close $fh;
+
+    # Don't count CR and LF as either printable/nonprintable
+    $counts[ord("\n")]=0;
+    $counts[ord("\r")]=0;
+
+    # Categorize individual character count into printable and nonprintable:
+    my $printable=0;
+    my $nonprintable=0;
+    for($i=0;$i<256;$i++)
+    {
+        if( $i < 32 &&
+            $i != ord("\b") &&
+            $i != ord("\t") &&
+            $i != 033 &&       # ESC
+            $i != 014 )        # FF
+        {
+            $nonprintable+=$counts[$i];
+        }
+        elsif( $i==127 )  # DEL
+        {
+            $nonprintable+=$counts[$i];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $printable+=$counts[$i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ($printable >> 7) < $nonprintable;
+}
+
+# Returns open file handle.  Possible invocations:
+#  - open_blob_or_die("file",$filename);
+#  - open_blob_or_die("sha1",$filehash);
+sub open_blob_or_die
+{
+    my ($srcType,$name) = @_;
+    my ($fh);
+    if( $srcType eq "file" )
+    {
+        if( !open $fh,"<",$name )
+        {
+            $log->warn("Unable to open file $name: $!");
+            die "Unable to open file $name: $!\n";
+        }
+    }
+    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" || $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" )
+    {
+        unless ( defined ( $name ) and $name =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
+        {
+            $log->warn("Need filehash");
+            die "Need filehash\n";
+        }
+
+        my $type = `git cat-file -t $name`;
+        chomp $type;
+
+        unless ( defined ( $type ) and $type eq "blob" )
+        {
+            $log->warn("Invalid type '$type' for '$name'");
+            die ( "Invalid type '$type' (expected 'blob')" )
+        }
+
+        my $size = `git cat-file -s $name`;
+        chomp $size;
+
+        $log->debug("open_blob_or_die($name) size=$size, type=$type");
+
+        unless( open $fh, '-|', "git", "cat-file", "blob", $name )
+        {
+            $log->warn("Unable to open sha1 $name");
+            die "Unable to open sha1 $name\n";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $log->warn("Unknown type of blob source: $srcType");
+        die "Unknown type of blob source: $srcType\n";
+    }
+    return $fh;
+}
+
+# Generate a CVS author name from Git author information, by taking the local
+# part of the email address and replacing characters not in the Portable
+# Filename Character Set (see IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, 3.276) by underscores. CVS
+# Login names are Unix login names, which should be restricted to this
+# character set.
+sub cvs_author
+{
+    my $author_line = shift;
+    (my $author) = $author_line =~ /<([^@>]*)/;
+
+    $author =~ s/[^-a-zA-Z0-9_.]/_/g;
+    $author =~ s/^-/_/;
+
+    $author;
+}
+
+package GITCVS::log;
+
+####
+#### Copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
+####
+#### Authors: Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
+####          Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+####
+####
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+GITCVS::log
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module provides very crude logging with a similar interface to
+Log::Log4perl
+
+=head1 METHODS
+
+=cut
+
+=head2 new
+
+Creates a new log object, optionally you can specify a filename here to
+indicate the file to log to. If no log file is specified, you can specify one
+later with method setfile, or indicate you no longer want logging with method
+nofile.
+
+Until one of these methods is called, all log calls will buffer messages ready
+to write out.
+
+=cut
+sub new
+{
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    my $self = {};
+
+    bless $self, $class;
+
+    if ( defined ( $filename ) )
+    {
+        open $self->{fh}, ">>", $filename or die("Couldn't open '$filename' for writing : $!");
+    }
+
+    return $self;
+}
+
+=head2 setfile
+
+This methods takes a filename, and attempts to open that file as the log file.
+If successful, all buffered data is written out to the file, and any further
+logging is written directly to the file.
+
+=cut
+sub setfile
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    if ( defined ( $filename ) )
+    {
+        open $self->{fh}, ">>", $filename or die("Couldn't open '$filename' for writing : $!");
+    }
+
+    return unless ( defined ( $self->{buffer} ) and ref $self->{buffer} eq "ARRAY" );
+
+    while ( my $line = shift @{$self->{buffer}} )
+    {
+        print {$self->{fh}} $line;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 nofile
+
+This method indicates no logging is going to be used. It flushes any entries in
+the internal buffer, and sets a flag to ensure no further data is put there.
+
+=cut
+sub nofile
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    $self->{nolog} = 1;
+
+    return unless ( defined ( $self->{buffer} ) and ref $self->{buffer} eq "ARRAY" );
+
+    $self->{buffer} = [];
+}
+
+=head2 _logopen
+
+Internal method. Returns true if the log file is open, false otherwise.
+
+=cut
+sub _logopen
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    return 1 if ( defined ( $self->{fh} ) and ref $self->{fh} eq "GLOB" );
+    return 0;
+}
+
+=head2 debug info warn fatal
+
+These four methods are wrappers to _log. They provide the actual interface for
+logging data.
+
+=cut
+sub debug { my $self = shift; $self->_log("debug", @_); }
+sub info  { my $self = shift; $self->_log("info" , @_); }
+sub warn  { my $self = shift; $self->_log("warn" , @_); }
+sub fatal { my $self = shift; $self->_log("fatal", @_); }
+
+=head2 _log
+
+This is an internal method called by the logging functions. It generates a
+timestamp and pushes the logged line either to file, or internal buffer.
+
+=cut
+sub _log
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $level = shift;
+
+    return if ( $self->{nolog} );
+
+    my @time = localtime;
+    my $timestring = sprintf("%4d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d : %-5s",
+        $time[5] + 1900,
+        $time[4] + 1,
+        $time[3],
+        $time[2],
+        $time[1],
+        $time[0],
+        uc $level,
+    );
+
+    if ( $self->_logopen )
+    {
+        print {$self->{fh}} $timestring . " - " . join(" ",@_) . "\n";
+    } else {
+        push @{$self->{buffer}}, $timestring . " - " . join(" ",@_) . "\n";
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 DESTROY
+
+This method simply closes the file handle if one is open
+
+=cut
+sub DESTROY
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    if ( $self->_logopen )
+    {
+        close $self->{fh};
+    }
+}
+
+package GITCVS::updater;
+
+####
+#### Copyright The Open University UK - 2006.
+####
+#### Authors: Martyn Smith    <martyn@catalyst.net.nz>
+####          Martin Langhoff <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+####
+####
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use DBI;
+
+=head1 METHODS
+
+=cut
+
+=head2 new
+
+=cut
+sub new
+{
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $config = shift;
+    my $module = shift;
+    my $log = shift;
+
+    die "Need to specify a git repository" unless ( defined($config) and -d $config );
+    die "Need to specify a module" unless ( defined($module) );
+
+    $class = ref($class) || $class;
+
+    my $self = {};
+
+    bless $self, $class;
+
+    $self->{valid_tables} = {'revision' => 1,
+                             'revision_ix1' => 1,
+                             'revision_ix2' => 1,
+                             'head' => 1,
+                             'head_ix1' => 1,
+                             'properties' => 1,
+                             'commitmsgs' => 1};
+
+    $self->{module} = $module;
+    $self->{git_path} = $config . "/";
+
+    $self->{log} = $log;
+
+    die "Git repo '$self->{git_path}' doesn't exist" unless ( -d $self->{git_path} );
+
+    $self->{dbdriver} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbdriver} ||
+        $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbdriver} || "SQLite";
+    $self->{dbname} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbname} ||
+        $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbname} || "%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite";
+    $self->{dbuser} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbuser} ||
+        $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbuser} || "";
+    $self->{dbpass} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbpass} ||
+        $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbpass} || "";
+    $self->{dbtablenameprefix} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbtablenameprefix} ||
+        $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbtablenameprefix} || "";
+    my %mapping = ( m => $module,
+                    a => $state->{method},
+                    u => getlogin || getpwuid($<) || $<,
+                    G => $self->{git_path},
+                    g => mangle_dirname($self->{git_path}),
+                    );
+    $self->{dbname} =~ s/%([mauGg])/$mapping{$1}/eg;
+    $self->{dbuser} =~ s/%([mauGg])/$mapping{$1}/eg;
+    $self->{dbtablenameprefix} =~ s/%([mauGg])/$mapping{$1}/eg;
+    $self->{dbtablenameprefix} = mangle_tablename($self->{dbtablenameprefix});
+
+    die "Invalid char ':' in dbdriver" if $self->{dbdriver} =~ /:/;
+    die "Invalid char ';' in dbname" if $self->{dbname} =~ /;/;
+    $self->{dbh} = DBI->connect("dbi:$self->{dbdriver}:dbname=$self->{dbname}",
+                                $self->{dbuser},
+                                $self->{dbpass});
+    die "Error connecting to database\n" unless defined $self->{dbh};
+
+    $self->{tables} = {};
+    foreach my $table ( keys %{$self->{dbh}->table_info(undef,undef,undef,'TABLE')->fetchall_hashref('TABLE_NAME')} )
+    {
+        $self->{tables}{$table} = 1;
+    }
+
+    # Construct the revision table if required
+    unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("revision")} )
+    {
+        my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+        my $ix1name = $self->tablename("revision_ix1");
+        my $ix2name = $self->tablename("revision_ix2");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE TABLE $tablename (
+                name       TEXT NOT NULL,
+                revision   INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                filehash   TEXT NOT NULL,
+                commithash TEXT NOT NULL,
+                author     TEXT NOT NULL,
+                modified   TEXT NOT NULL,
+                mode       TEXT NOT NULL
+            )
+        ");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE INDEX $ix1name
+            ON $tablename (name,revision)
+        ");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE INDEX $ix2name
+            ON $tablename (name,commithash)
+        ");
+    }
+
+    # Construct the head table if required
+    unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("head")} )
+    {
+        my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
+        my $ix1name = $self->tablename("head_ix1");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE TABLE $tablename (
+                name       TEXT NOT NULL,
+                revision   INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                filehash   TEXT NOT NULL,
+                commithash TEXT NOT NULL,
+                author     TEXT NOT NULL,
+                modified   TEXT NOT NULL,
+                mode       TEXT NOT NULL
+            )
+        ");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE INDEX $ix1name
+            ON $tablename (name)
+        ");
+    }
+
+    # Construct the properties table if required
+    unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("properties")} )
+    {
+        my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE TABLE $tablename (
+                key        TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+                value      TEXT
+            )
+        ");
+    }
+
+    # Construct the commitmsgs table if required
+    unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("commitmsgs")} )
+    {
+        my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
+        $self->{dbh}->do("
+            CREATE TABLE $tablename (
+                key        TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+                value      TEXT
+            )
+        ");
+    }
+
+    return $self;
+}
+
+=head2 tablename
+
+=cut
+sub tablename
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $name = shift;
+
+    if (exists $self->{valid_tables}{$name}) {
+        return $self->{dbtablenameprefix} . $name;
+    } else {
+        return undef;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 update
+
+=cut
+sub update
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    # first lets get the commit list
+    $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $self->{git_path};
+
+    my $commitsha1 = `git rev-parse $self->{module}`;
+    chomp $commitsha1;
+
+    my $commitinfo = `git cat-file commit $self->{module} 2>&1`;
+    unless ( $commitinfo =~ /tree\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}/ )
+    {
+        die("Invalid module '$self->{module}'");
+    }
+
+
+    my $git_log;
+    my $lastcommit = $self->_get_prop("last_commit");
+
+    if (defined $lastcommit && $lastcommit eq $commitsha1) { # up-to-date
+         return 1;
+    }
+
+    # Start exclusive lock here...
+    $self->{dbh}->begin_work() or die "Cannot lock database for BEGIN";
+
+    # TODO: log processing is memory bound
+    # if we can parse into a 2nd file that is in reverse order
+    # we can probably do something really efficient
+    my @git_log_params = ('--pretty', '--parents', '--topo-order');
+
+    if (defined $lastcommit) {
+        push @git_log_params, "$lastcommit..$self->{module}";
+    } else {
+        push @git_log_params, $self->{module};
+    }
+    # git-rev-list is the backend / plumbing version of git-log
+    open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params) or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+
+    my @commits;
+
+    my %commit = ();
+
+    while ( <GITLOG> )
+    {
+        chomp;
+        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
+            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
+            # and prime things for the next one
+            if (keys %commit) {
+                my %copy = %commit;
+                unshift @commits, \%copy;
+                %commit = ();
+            }
+            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
+            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
+            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
+        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
+            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
+            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
+            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
+        } else {
+            # message lines - skip initial empty line
+            # and trim whitespace
+            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
+                # define it to mark the end of headers
+                $commit{message} = '';
+                next;
+            }
+            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
+            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
+        }
+    }
+    close GITLOG;
+
+    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+
+    # Now all the commits are in the @commits bucket
+    # ordered by time DESC. for each commit that needs processing,
+    # determine whether it's following the last head we've seen or if
+    # it's on its own branch, grab a file list, and add whatever's changed
+    # NOTE: $lastcommit refers to the last commit from previous run
+    #       $lastpicked is the last commit we picked in this run
+    my $lastpicked;
+    my $head = {};
+    if (defined $lastcommit) {
+        $lastpicked = $lastcommit;
+    }
+
+    my $committotal = scalar(@commits);
+    my $commitcount = 0;
+
+    # Load the head table into $head (for cached lookups during the update process)
+    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead()} )
+    {
+        $head->{$file->{name}} = $file;
+    }
+
+    foreach my $commit ( @commits )
+    {
+        $self->{log}->debug("GITCVS::updater - Processing commit $commit->{hash} (" . (++$commitcount) . " of $committotal)");
+        if (defined $lastpicked)
+        {
+            if (!in_array($lastpicked, @{$commit->{parents}}))
+            {
+                # skip, we'll see this delta
+                # as part of a merge later
+                # warn "skipping off-track  $commit->{hash}\n";
+                next;
+            } elsif (@{$commit->{parents}} > 1) {
+                # it is a merge commit, for each parent that is
+                # not $lastpicked, see if we can get a log
+                # from the merge-base to that parent to put it
+                # in the message as a merge summary.
+                my @parents = @{$commit->{parents}};
+                foreach my $parent (@parents) {
+                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
+                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
+                    # that the first one is the best one.
+                    if ($parent eq $lastpicked) {
+                        next;
+                    }
+		    my $base = eval {
+			    safe_pipe_capture('git', 'merge-base',
+						 $lastpicked, $parent);
+		    };
+		    # The two branches may not be related at all,
+		    # in which case merge base simply fails to find
+		    # any, but that's Ok.
+		    next if ($@);
+
+                    chomp $base;
+                    if ($base) {
+                        my @merged;
+                        # print "want to log between  $base $parent \n";
+                        open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'log', '--pretty=medium', "$base..$parent")
+			  or die "Cannot call git-log: $!";
+                        my $mergedhash;
+                        while (<GITLOG>) {
+                            chomp;
+                            if (!defined $mergedhash) {
+                                if (m/^commit\s+(.+)$/) {
+                                    $mergedhash = $1;
+                                } else {
+                                    next;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                # grab the first line that looks non-rfc822
+                                # aka has content after leading space
+                                if (m/^\s+(\S.*)$/) {
+                                    my $title = $1;
+                                    $title = substr($title,0,100); # truncate
+                                    unshift @merged, "$mergedhash $title";
+                                    undef $mergedhash;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        close GITLOG;
+                        if (@merged) {
+                            $commit->{mergemsg} = $commit->{message};
+                            $commit->{mergemsg} .= "\nSummary of merged commits:\n\n";
+                            foreach my $summary (@merged) {
+                                $commit->{mergemsg} .= "\t$summary\n";
+                            }
+                            $commit->{mergemsg} .= "\n\n";
+                            # print "Message for $commit->{hash} \n$commit->{mergemsg}";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        # convert the date to CVS-happy format
+        $commit->{date} = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5" if ( $commit->{date} =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ );
+
+        if ( defined ( $lastpicked ) )
+        {
+            my $filepipe = open(FILELIST, '-|', 'git', 'diff-tree', '-z', '-r', $lastpicked, $commit->{hash}) or die("Cannot call git-diff-tree : $!");
+	    local ($/) = "\0";
+            while ( <FILELIST> )
+            {
+		chomp;
+                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+\d{3}(\d)\d{2}\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
+                {
+                    die("Couldn't process git-diff-tree line : $_");
+                }
+		my ($mode, $hash, $change) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		my $name = <FILELIST>;
+		chomp($name);
+
+                # $log->debug("File mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
+
+                my $git_perms = "";
+                $git_perms .= "r" if ( $mode & 4 );
+                $git_perms .= "w" if ( $mode & 2 );
+                $git_perms .= "x" if ( $mode & 1 );
+                $git_perms = "rw" if ( $git_perms eq "" );
+
+                if ( $change eq "D" )
+                {
+                    #$log->debug("DELETE   $name");
+                    $head->{$name} = {
+                        name => $name,
+                        revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
+                        filehash => "deleted",
+                        commithash => $commit->{hash},
+                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        author => $commit->{author},
+                        mode => $git_perms,
+                    };
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                }
+                elsif ( $change eq "M" || $change eq "T" )
+                {
+                    #$log->debug("MODIFIED $name");
+                    $head->{$name} = {
+                        name => $name,
+                        revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
+                        filehash => $hash,
+                        commithash => $commit->{hash},
+                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        author => $commit->{author},
+                        mode => $git_perms,
+                    };
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                }
+                elsif ( $change eq "A" )
+                {
+                    #$log->debug("ADDED    $name");
+                    $head->{$name} = {
+                        name => $name,
+                        revision => $head->{$name}{revision} ? $head->{$name}{revision}+1 : 1,
+                        filehash => $hash,
+                        commithash => $commit->{hash},
+                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        author => $commit->{author},
+                        mode => $git_perms,
+                    };
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    $log->warn("UNKNOWN FILE CHANGE mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
+                    die;
+                }
+            }
+            close FILELIST;
+        } else {
+            # this is used to detect files removed from the repo
+            my $seen_files = {};
+
+            my $filepipe = open(FILELIST, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $commit->{hash}) or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+	    local $/ = "\0";
+            while ( <FILELIST> )
+            {
+		chomp;
+                unless ( /^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+                {
+                    die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+                }
+
+                my ( $git_perms, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+
+                $seen_files->{$git_filename} = 1;
+
+                my ( $oldhash, $oldrevision, $oldmode ) = (
+                    $head->{$git_filename}{filehash},
+                    $head->{$git_filename}{revision},
+                    $head->{$git_filename}{mode}
+                );
+
+                if ( $git_perms =~ /^\d\d\d(\d)\d\d/o )
+                {
+                    $git_perms = "";
+                    $git_perms .= "r" if ( $1 & 4 );
+                    $git_perms .= "w" if ( $1 & 2 );
+                    $git_perms .= "x" if ( $1 & 1 );
+                } else {
+                    $git_perms = "rw";
+                }
+
+                # unless the file exists with the same hash, we need to update it ...
+                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $git_perms )
+                {
+                    my $newrevision = ( $oldrevision or 0 ) + 1;
+
+                    $head->{$git_filename} = {
+                        name => $git_filename,
+                        revision => $newrevision,
+                        filehash => $git_hash,
+                        commithash => $commit->{hash},
+                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        author => $commit->{author},
+                        mode => $git_perms,
+                    };
+
+
+                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                }
+            }
+            close FILELIST;
+
+            # Detect deleted files
+            foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+            {
+                unless ( exists $seen_files->{$file} or $head->{$file}{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+                {
+                    $head->{$file}{revision}++;
+                    $head->{$file}{filehash} = "deleted";
+                    $head->{$file}{commithash} = $commit->{hash};
+                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $commit->{date};
+                    $head->{$file}{author} = $commit->{author};
+
+                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
+                }
+            }
+            # END : "Detect deleted files"
+        }
+
+
+        if (exists $commit->{mergemsg})
+        {
+            $self->insert_mergelog($commit->{hash}, $commit->{mergemsg});
+        }
+
+        $lastpicked = $commit->{hash};
+
+        $self->_set_prop("last_commit", $commit->{hash});
+    }
+
+    $self->delete_head();
+    foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+    {
+        $self->insert_head(
+            $file,
+            $head->{$file}{revision},
+            $head->{$file}{filehash},
+            $head->{$file}{commithash},
+            $head->{$file}{modified},
+            $head->{$file}{author},
+            $head->{$file}{mode},
+        );
+    }
+    # invalidate the gethead cache
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+
+
+    # Ending exclusive lock here
+    $self->{dbh}->commit() or die "Failed to commit changes to SQLite";
+}
+
+sub insert_rev
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $name = shift;
+    my $revision = shift;
+    my $filehash = shift;
+    my $commithash = shift;
+    my $modified = shift;
+    my $author = shift;
+    my $mode = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+
+    my $insert_rev = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO $tablename (name, revision, filehash, commithash, modified, author, mode) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",{},1);
+    $insert_rev->execute($name, $revision, $filehash, $commithash, $modified, $author, $mode);
+}
+
+sub insert_mergelog
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $key = shift;
+    my $value = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
+
+    my $insert_mergelog = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO $tablename (key, value) VALUES (?,?)",{},1);
+    $insert_mergelog->execute($key, $value);
+}
+
+sub delete_head
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
+
+    my $delete_head = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("DELETE FROM $tablename",{},1);
+    $delete_head->execute();
+}
+
+sub insert_head
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $name = shift;
+    my $revision = shift;
+    my $filehash = shift;
+    my $commithash = shift;
+    my $modified = shift;
+    my $author = shift;
+    my $mode = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
+
+    my $insert_head = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO $tablename (name, revision, filehash, commithash, modified, author, mode) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",{},1);
+    $insert_head->execute($name, $revision, $filehash, $commithash, $modified, $author, $mode);
+}
+
+sub _headrev
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
+
+    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT filehash, revision, mode FROM $tablename WHERE name=?",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename);
+    my ( $hash, $revision, $mode ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
+
+    return ( $hash, $revision, $mode );
+}
+
+sub _get_prop
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $key = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
+
+    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT value FROM $tablename WHERE key=?",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($key);
+    my ( $value ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
+
+    return $value;
+}
+
+sub _set_prop
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $key = shift;
+    my $value = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
+
+    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("UPDATE $tablename SET value=? WHERE key=?",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($value, $key);
+
+    unless ( $db_query->rows )
+    {
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("INSERT INTO $tablename (key, value) VALUES (?,?)",{},1);
+        $db_query->execute($key, $value);
+    }
+
+    return $value;
+}
+
+=head2 gethead
+
+=cut
+
+sub gethead
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
+
+    return $self->{gethead_cache} if ( defined ( $self->{gethead_cache} ) );
+
+    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT name, filehash, mode, revision, modified, commithash, author FROM $tablename ORDER BY name ASC",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute();
+
+    my $tree = [];
+    while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
+    {
+        push @$tree, $file;
+    }
+
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = $tree;
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getlog
+
+=cut
+
+sub getlog
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+
+    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT name, filehash, author, mode, revision, modified, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename);
+
+    my $tree = [];
+    while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
+    {
+        push @$tree, $file;
+    }
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getmeta
+
+This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns a hashref of
+metadata for that file.
+
+=cut
+
+sub getmeta
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $revision = shift;
+    my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my $tablename_head = $self->tablename("head");
+
+    my $db_query;
+    if ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^\d+$/ )
+    {
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",{},1);
+        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+    }
+    elsif ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
+    {
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",{},1);
+        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+    } else {
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
+        $db_query->execute($filename);
+    }
+
+    return $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+}
+
+=head2 commitmessage
+
+this function takes a commithash and returns the commit message for that commit
+
+=cut
+sub commitmessage
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $commithash = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
+
+    die("Need commithash") unless ( defined($commithash) and $commithash =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ );
+
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT value FROM $tablename WHERE key=?",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($commithash);
+
+    my ( $message ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
+
+    if ( defined ( $message ) )
+    {
+        $message .= " " if ( $message =~ /\n$/ );
+        return $message;
+    }
+
+    my @lines = safe_pipe_capture("git", "cat-file", "commit", $commithash);
+    shift @lines while ( $lines[0] =~ /\S/ );
+    $message = join("",@lines);
+    $message .= " " if ( $message =~ /\n$/ );
+    return $message;
+}
+
+=head2 gethistory
+
+This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
+containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending
+
+=cut
+sub gethistory
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename);
+
+    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+}
+
+=head2 gethistorydense
+
+This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
+containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending.
+
+This version of gethistory skips deleted entries -- so it is useful for annotate.
+The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
+and other git tools that depend on it.
+
+=cut
+sub gethistorydense
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename);
+
+    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+}
+
+=head2 in_array()
+
+from Array::PAT - mimics the in_array() function
+found in PHP. Yuck but works for small arrays.
+
+=cut
+sub in_array
+{
+    my ($check, @array) = @_;
+    my $retval = 0;
+    foreach my $test (@array){
+        if($check eq $test){
+            $retval =  1;
+        }
+    }
+    return $retval;
+}
+
+=head2 safe_pipe_capture
+
+an alternative to `command` that allows input to be passed as an array
+to work around shell problems with weird characters in arguments
+
+=cut
+sub safe_pipe_capture {
+
+    my @output;
+
+    if (my $pid = open my $child, '-|') {
+        @output = (<$child>);
+        close $child or die join(' ',@_).": $! $?";
+    } else {
+        exec(@_) or die "$! $?"; # exec() can fail the executable can't be found
+    }
+    return wantarray ? @output : join('',@output);
+}
+
+=head2 mangle_dirname
+
+create a string from a directory name that is suitable to use as
+part of a filename, mainly by converting all chars except \w.- to _
+
+=cut
+sub mangle_dirname {
+    my $dirname = shift;
+    return unless defined $dirname;
+
+    $dirname =~ s/[^\w.-]/_/g;
+
+    return $dirname;
+}
+
+=head2 mangle_tablename
+
+create a string from a that is suitable to use as part of an SQL table
+name, mainly by converting all chars except \w to _
+
+=cut
+sub mangle_tablename {
+    my $tablename = shift;
+    return unless defined $tablename;
+
+    $tablename =~ s/[^\w_]/_/g;
+
+    return $tablename;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/git-difftool--helper.sh b/git-difftool--helper.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..524f5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-difftool--helper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# git-difftool--helper is a GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF-compatible diff tool launcher.
+# This script is typically launched by using the 'git difftool'
+# convenience command.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+
+TOOL_MODE=diff
+. git-mergetool--lib
+
+# difftool.prompt controls the default prompt/no-prompt behavior
+# and is overridden with $GIT_DIFFTOOL*_PROMPT.
+should_prompt () {
+	prompt_merge=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
+	prompt=$(git config --bool difftool.prompt || echo $prompt_merge)
+	if test "$prompt" = true; then
+		test -z "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT"
+	else
+		test -n "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Indicates that --extcmd=... was specified
+use_ext_cmd () {
+	test -n "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD"
+}
+
+launch_merge_tool () {
+	# Merged is the filename as it appears in the work tree
+	# Local is the contents of a/filename
+	# Remote is the contents of b/filename
+	# Custom merge tool commands might use $BASE so we provide it
+	MERGED="$1"
+	LOCAL="$2"
+	REMOTE="$3"
+	BASE="$1"
+
+	# $LOCAL and $REMOTE are temporary files so prompt
+	# the user with the real $MERGED name before launching $merge_tool.
+	if should_prompt; then
+		printf "\nViewing: '$MERGED'\n"
+		if use_ext_cmd; then
+			printf "Hit return to launch '%s': " \
+				"$GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD"
+		else
+			printf "Hit return to launch '%s': " "$merge_tool"
+		fi
+		read ans
+	fi
+
+	if use_ext_cmd; then
+		eval $GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD '"$LOCAL"' '"$REMOTE"'
+	else
+		run_merge_tool "$merge_tool"
+	fi
+}
+
+if ! use_ext_cmd; then
+	if test -n "$GIT_DIFF_TOOL"; then
+		merge_tool="$GIT_DIFF_TOOL"
+	else
+		merge_tool="$(get_merge_tool)" || exit
+	fi
+fi
+
+# Launch the merge tool on each path provided by 'git diff'
+while test $# -gt 6
+do
+	launch_merge_tool "$1" "$2" "$5"
+	shift 7
+done
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d975d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+#
+# This is a wrapper around the GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF-compatible
+# git-difftool--helper script.
+#
+# This script exports GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and GIT_PAGER for use by git.
+# GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT, GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT, and GIT_DIFF_TOOL
+# are exported for use by git-difftool--helper.
+#
+# Any arguments that are unknown to this script are forwarded to 'git diff'.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Cwd qw(abs_path);
+use File::Basename qw(dirname);
+
+require Git;
+
+my $DIR = abs_path(dirname($0));
+
+
+sub usage
+{
+	print << 'USAGE';
+usage: git difftool [-t|--tool=<tool>] [-x|--extcmd=<cmd>]
+                    [-y|--no-prompt]   [-g|--gui]
+                    ['git diff' options]
+USAGE
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+sub setup_environment
+{
+	$ENV{PATH} = "$DIR:$ENV{PATH}";
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER} = '';
+	$ENV{GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF} = 'git-difftool--helper';
+}
+
+sub exe
+{
+	my $exe = shift;
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
+		return "$exe.exe";
+	}
+	return $exe;
+}
+
+sub generate_command
+{
+	my @command = (exe('git'), 'diff');
+	my $skip_next = 0;
+	my $idx = -1;
+	for my $arg (@ARGV) {
+		$idx++;
+		if ($skip_next) {
+			$skip_next = 0;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg eq '-t' || $arg eq '--tool') {
+			usage() if $#ARGV <= $idx;
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $ARGV[$idx + 1];
+			$skip_next = 1;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg =~ /^--tool=/) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = substr($arg, 7);
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg eq '-x' || $arg eq '--extcmd') {
+			usage() if $#ARGV <= $idx;
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $ARGV[$idx + 1];
+			$skip_next = 1;
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg =~ /^--extcmd=/) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = substr($arg, 9);
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg eq '-g' || $arg eq '--gui') {
+			my $tool = Git::command_oneline('config',
+			                                'diff.guitool');
+			if (length($tool)) {
+				$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $tool;
+			}
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg eq '-y' || $arg eq '--no-prompt') {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
+			delete $ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT};
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg eq '--prompt') {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
+			delete $ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT};
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($arg eq '-h' || $arg eq '--help') {
+			usage();
+		}
+		push @command, $arg;
+	}
+	return @command
+}
+
+setup_environment();
+
+# ActiveState Perl for Win32 does not implement POSIX semantics of
+# exec* system call. It just spawns the given executable and finishes
+# the starting program, exiting with code 0.
+# system will at least catch the errors returned by git diff,
+# allowing the caller of git difftool better handling of failures.
+my $rc = system(generate_command());
+exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e95845c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Rewrite revision history
+# Copyright (c) Petr Baudis, 2006
+# Minimal changes to "port" it to core-git (c) Johannes Schindelin, 2007
+#
+# Lets you rewrite the revision history of the current branch, creating
+# a new branch. You can specify a number of filters to modify the commits,
+# files and trees.
+
+# The following functions will also be available in the commit filter:
+
+functions=$(cat << \EOF
+warn () {
+        echo "$*" >&2
+}
+
+map()
+{
+	# if it was not rewritten, take the original
+	if test -r "$workdir/../map/$1"
+	then
+		cat "$workdir/../map/$1"
+	else
+		echo "$1"
+	fi
+}
+
+# if you run 'skip_commit "$@"' in a commit filter, it will print
+# the (mapped) parents, effectively skipping the commit.
+
+skip_commit()
+{
+	shift;
+	while [ -n "$1" ];
+	do
+		shift;
+		map "$1";
+		shift;
+	done;
+}
+
+# if you run 'git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"' in a commit filter,
+# it will skip commits that leave the tree untouched, commit the other.
+git_commit_non_empty_tree()
+{
+	if test $# = 3 && test "$1" = $(git rev-parse "$3^{tree}"); then
+		map "$3"
+	else
+		git commit-tree "$@"
+	fi
+}
+# override die(): this version puts in an extra line break, so that
+# the progress is still visible
+
+die()
+{
+	echo >&2
+	echo "$*" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+EOF
+)
+
+eval "$functions"
+
+# When piped a commit, output a script to set the ident of either
+# "author" or "committer
+
+set_ident () {
+	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
+	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
+	pick_id_script='
+		/^'$lid' /{
+			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
+			h
+			s/^'$lid' \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
+			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_NAME='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_NAME/p
+
+			g
+			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
+			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL/p
+
+			g
+			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
+			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_DATE='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_DATE/p
+
+			q
+		}
+	'
+
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_id_script"
+	# Ensure non-empty id name.
+	echo "case \"\$GIT_${uid}_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_${uid}_NAME=\"\${GIT_${uid}_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_${uid}_NAME;; esac"
+}
+
+USAGE="[--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
+            [--index-filter <command>] [--parent-filter <command>]
+            [--msg-filter <command>] [--commit-filter <command>]
+            [--tag-name-filter <command>] [--subdirectory-filter <directory>]
+            [--original <namespace>] [-d <directory>] [-f | --force]
+            [<rev-list options>...]"
+
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+
+if [ "$(is_bare_repository)" = false ]; then
+	git diff-files --ignore-submodules --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- ||
+	die "Cannot rewrite branch(es) with a dirty working directory."
+fi
+
+tempdir=.git-rewrite
+filter_env=
+filter_tree=
+filter_index=
+filter_parent=
+filter_msg=cat
+filter_commit=
+filter_tag_name=
+filter_subdir=
+orig_namespace=refs/original/
+force=
+prune_empty=
+remap_to_ancestor=
+while :
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--)
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
+	--force|-f)
+		shift
+		force=t
+		continue
+		;;
+	--remap-to-ancestor)
+		shift
+		remap_to_ancestor=t
+		continue
+		;;
+	--prune-empty)
+		shift
+		prune_empty=t
+		continue
+		;;
+	-*)
+		;;
+	*)
+		break;
+	esac
+
+	# all switches take one argument
+	ARG="$1"
+	case "$#" in 1) usage ;; esac
+	shift
+	OPTARG="$1"
+	shift
+
+	case "$ARG" in
+	-d)
+		tempdir="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--env-filter)
+		filter_env="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--tree-filter)
+		filter_tree="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--index-filter)
+		filter_index="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--parent-filter)
+		filter_parent="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--msg-filter)
+		filter_msg="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--commit-filter)
+		filter_commit="$functions; $OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--tag-name-filter)
+		filter_tag_name="$OPTARG"
+		;;
+	--subdirectory-filter)
+		filter_subdir="$OPTARG"
+		remap_to_ancestor=t
+		;;
+	--original)
+		orig_namespace=$(expr "$OPTARG/" : '\(.*[^/]\)/*$')/
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
+case "$prune_empty,$filter_commit" in
+,)
+	filter_commit='git commit-tree "$@"';;
+t,)
+	filter_commit="$functions;"' git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@"';;
+,*)
+	;;
+*)
+	die "Cannot set --prune-empty and --filter-commit at the same time"
+esac
+
+case "$force" in
+t)
+	rm -rf "$tempdir"
+;;
+'')
+	test -d "$tempdir" &&
+		die "$tempdir already exists, please remove it"
+esac
+mkdir -p "$tempdir/t" &&
+tempdir="$(cd "$tempdir"; pwd)" &&
+cd "$tempdir/t" &&
+workdir="$(pwd)" ||
+die ""
+
+# Remove tempdir on exit
+trap 'cd ../..; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
+
+ORIG_GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR"
+ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE="$GIT_WORK_TREE"
+ORIG_GIT_INDEX_FILE="$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
+GIT_WORK_TREE=.
+export GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE
+
+# Make sure refs/original is empty
+git for-each-ref > "$tempdir"/backup-refs || exit
+while read sha1 type name
+do
+	case "$force,$name" in
+	,$orig_namespace*)
+		die "Cannot create a new backup.
+A previous backup already exists in $orig_namespace
+Force overwriting the backup with -f"
+	;;
+	t,$orig_namespace*)
+		git update-ref -d "$name" $sha1
+	;;
+	esac
+done < "$tempdir"/backup-refs
+
+# The refs should be updated if their heads were rewritten
+git rev-parse --no-flags --revs-only --symbolic-full-name \
+	--default HEAD "$@" > "$tempdir"/raw-heads || exit
+sed -e '/^^/d' "$tempdir"/raw-heads >"$tempdir"/heads
+
+test -s "$tempdir"/heads ||
+	die "Which ref do you want to rewrite?"
+
+GIT_INDEX_FILE="$(pwd)/../index"
+export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+
+# map old->new commit ids for rewriting parents
+mkdir ../map || die "Could not create map/ directory"
+
+# we need "--" only if there are no path arguments in $@
+nonrevs=$(git rev-parse --no-revs "$@") || exit
+test -z "$nonrevs" && dashdash=-- || dashdash=
+rev_args=$(git rev-parse --revs-only "$@")
+
+case "$filter_subdir" in
+"")
+	eval set -- "$(git rev-parse --sq --no-revs "$@")"
+	;;
+*)
+	eval set -- "$(git rev-parse --sq --no-revs "$@" $dashdash \
+		"$filter_subdir")"
+	;;
+esac
+
+git rev-list --reverse --topo-order --default HEAD \
+	--parents --simplify-merges $rev_args "$@" > ../revs ||
+	die "Could not get the commits"
+commits=$(wc -l <../revs | tr -d " ")
+
+test $commits -eq 0 && die "Found nothing to rewrite"
+
+# Rewrite the commits
+
+git_filter_branch__commit_count=0
+while read commit parents; do
+	git_filter_branch__commit_count=$(($git_filter_branch__commit_count+1))
+	printf "\rRewrite $commit ($git_filter_branch__commit_count/$commits)"
+
+	case "$filter_subdir" in
+	"")
+		git read-tree -i -m $commit
+		;;
+	*)
+		# The commit may not have the subdirectory at all
+		err=$(git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
+			if ! git rev-parse -q --verify $commit:"$filter_subdir"
+			then
+				rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
+			else
+				echo >&2 "$err"
+				false
+			fi
+		}
+	esac || die "Could not initialize the index"
+
+	GIT_COMMIT=$commit
+	export GIT_COMMIT
+	git cat-file commit "$commit" >../commit ||
+		die "Cannot read commit $commit"
+
+	eval "$(set_ident AUTHOR <../commit)" ||
+		die "setting author failed for commit $commit"
+	eval "$(set_ident COMMITTER <../commit)" ||
+		die "setting committer failed for commit $commit"
+	eval "$filter_env" < /dev/null ||
+		die "env filter failed: $filter_env"
+
+	if [ "$filter_tree" ]; then
+		git checkout-index -f -u -a ||
+			die "Could not checkout the index"
+		# files that $commit removed are now still in the working tree;
+		# remove them, else they would be added again
+		git clean -d -q -f -x
+		eval "$filter_tree" < /dev/null ||
+			die "tree filter failed: $filter_tree"
+
+		(
+			git diff-index -r --name-only --ignore-submodules $commit &&
+			git ls-files --others
+		) > "$tempdir"/tree-state || exit
+		git update-index --add --replace --remove --stdin \
+			< "$tempdir"/tree-state || exit
+	fi
+
+	eval "$filter_index" < /dev/null ||
+		die "index filter failed: $filter_index"
+
+	parentstr=
+	for parent in $parents; do
+		for reparent in $(map "$parent"); do
+			parentstr="$parentstr -p $reparent"
+		done
+	done
+	if [ "$filter_parent" ]; then
+		parentstr="$(echo "$parentstr" | eval "$filter_parent")" ||
+				die "parent filter failed: $filter_parent"
+	fi
+
+	sed -e '1,/^$/d' <../commit | \
+		eval "$filter_msg" > ../message ||
+			die "msg filter failed: $filter_msg"
+	@SHELL_PATH@ -c "$filter_commit" "git commit-tree" \
+		$(git write-tree) $parentstr < ../message > ../map/$commit ||
+			die "could not write rewritten commit"
+done <../revs
+
+# If we are filtering for paths, as in the case of a subdirectory
+# filter, it is possible that a specified head is not in the set of
+# rewritten commits, because it was pruned by the revision walker.
+# Ancestor remapping fixes this by mapping these heads to the unique
+# nearest ancestor that survived the pruning.
+
+if test "$remap_to_ancestor" = t
+then
+	while read ref
+	do
+		sha1=$(git rev-parse "$ref"^0)
+		test -f "$workdir"/../map/$sha1 && continue
+		ancestor=$(git rev-list --simplify-merges -1 "$ref" "$@")
+		test "$ancestor" && echo $(map $ancestor) >> "$workdir"/../map/$sha1
+	done < "$tempdir"/heads
+fi
+
+# Finally update the refs
+
+_x40='[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'
+_x40="$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40$_x40"
+echo
+while read ref
+do
+	# avoid rewriting a ref twice
+	test -f "$orig_namespace$ref" && continue
+
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse "$ref"^0)
+	rewritten=$(map $sha1)
+
+	test $sha1 = "$rewritten" &&
+		warn "WARNING: Ref '$ref' is unchanged" &&
+		continue
+
+	case "$rewritten" in
+	'')
+		echo "Ref '$ref' was deleted"
+		git update-ref -m "filter-branch: delete" -d "$ref" $sha1 ||
+			die "Could not delete $ref"
+	;;
+	$_x40)
+		echo "Ref '$ref' was rewritten"
+		if ! git update-ref -m "filter-branch: rewrite" \
+					"$ref" $rewritten $sha1 2>/dev/null; then
+			if test $(git cat-file -t "$ref") = tag; then
+				if test -z "$filter_tag_name"; then
+					warn "WARNING: You said to rewrite tagged commits, but not the corresponding tag."
+					warn "WARNING: Perhaps use '--tag-name-filter cat' to rewrite the tag."
+				fi
+			else
+				die "Could not rewrite $ref"
+			fi
+		fi
+	;;
+	*)
+		# NEEDSWORK: possibly add -Werror, making this an error
+		warn "WARNING: '$ref' was rewritten into multiple commits:"
+		warn "$rewritten"
+		warn "WARNING: Ref '$ref' points to the first one now."
+		rewritten=$(echo "$rewritten" | head -n 1)
+		git update-ref -m "filter-branch: rewrite to first" \
+				"$ref" $rewritten $sha1 ||
+			die "Could not rewrite $ref"
+	;;
+	esac
+	git update-ref -m "filter-branch: backup" "$orig_namespace$ref" $sha1 ||
+		 exit
+done < "$tempdir"/heads
+
+# TODO: This should possibly go, with the semantics that all positive given
+#       refs are updated, and their original heads stored in refs/original/
+# Filter tags
+
+if [ "$filter_tag_name" ]; then
+	git for-each-ref --format='%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname)' refs/tags |
+	while read sha1 type ref; do
+		ref="${ref#refs/tags/}"
+		# XXX: Rewrite tagged trees as well?
+		if [ "$type" != "commit" -a "$type" != "tag" ]; then
+			continue;
+		fi
+
+		if [ "$type" = "tag" ]; then
+			# Dereference to a commit
+			sha1t="$sha1"
+			sha1="$(git rev-parse -q "$sha1"^{commit})" || continue
+		fi
+
+		[ -f "../map/$sha1" ] || continue
+		new_sha1="$(cat "../map/$sha1")"
+		GIT_COMMIT="$sha1"
+		export GIT_COMMIT
+		new_ref="$(echo "$ref" | eval "$filter_tag_name")" ||
+			die "tag name filter failed: $filter_tag_name"
+
+		echo "$ref -> $new_ref ($sha1 -> $new_sha1)"
+
+		if [ "$type" = "tag" ]; then
+			new_sha1=$( ( printf 'object %s\ntype commit\ntag %s\n' \
+						"$new_sha1" "$new_ref"
+				git cat-file tag "$ref" |
+				sed -n \
+				    -e '1,/^$/{
+					  /^object /d
+					  /^type /d
+					  /^tag /d
+					}' \
+				    -e '/^-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----/q' \
+				    -e 'p' ) |
+				git mktag) ||
+				die "Could not create new tag object for $ref"
+			if git cat-file tag "$ref" | \
+			   sane_grep '^-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >/dev/null 2>&1
+			then
+				warn "gpg signature stripped from tag object $sha1t"
+			fi
+		fi
+
+		git update-ref "refs/tags/$new_ref" "$new_sha1" ||
+			die "Could not write tag $new_ref"
+	done
+fi
+
+cd ../..
+rm -rf "$tempdir"
+
+trap - 0
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_INDEX_FILE
+test -z "$ORIG_GIT_DIR" || {
+	GIT_DIR="$ORIG_GIT_DIR" && export GIT_DIR
+}
+test -z "$ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE" || {
+	GIT_WORK_TREE="$ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE" &&
+	export GIT_WORK_TREE
+}
+test -z "$ORIG_GIT_INDEX_FILE" || {
+	GIT_INDEX_FILE="$ORIG_GIT_INDEX_FILE" &&
+	export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+}
+
+if [ "$(is_bare_repository)" = false ]; then
+	git read-tree -u -m HEAD || exit
+fi
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/git-gui/.gitattributes b/git-gui/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f96112d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+*           encoding=US-ASCII
+git-gui.sh  encoding=UTF-8
+/po/*.po    encoding=UTF-8
diff --git a/git-gui/.gitignore b/git-gui/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6483b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.DS_Store
+config.mak
+Git Gui.app*
+git-gui.tcl
+GIT-VERSION-FILE
+GIT-GUI-VARS
+git-gui
+lib/tclIndex
diff --git a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b3f937e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
+DEF_VER=0.12.GITGUI
+
+LF='
+'
+
+tree_search ()
+{
+	head=$1
+	tree=$2
+	for p in $(git rev-list --parents --max-count=1 $head 2>/dev/null)
+	do
+		test $tree = $(git rev-parse $p^{tree} 2>/dev/null) &&
+		vn=$(git describe --abbrev=4 $p 2>/dev/null) &&
+		case "$vn" in
+		gitgui-[0-9]*) echo $vn; break;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# Always use the tarball version file if found, just
+# in case we are somehow contained in a larger git
+# repository that doesn't actually track our state.
+# (At least one package manager is doing this.)
+#
+# We may be a subproject, so try looking for the merge
+# commit that supplied this directory content if we are
+# not at the toplevel.  We probably will always be the
+# second parent in the commit, but we shouldn't rely on
+# that fact.
+#
+# If we are at the toplevel or the merge assumption fails
+# try looking for a gitgui-* tag.
+
+if test -f version &&
+   VN=$(cat version)
+then
+	: happy
+elif prefix="$(git rev-parse --show-prefix 2>/dev/null)"
+   test -n "$prefix" &&
+   head=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD -- . 2>/dev/null) &&
+   tree=$(git rev-parse --verify "HEAD:$prefix" 2>/dev/null) &&
+   VN=$(tree_search $head $tree)
+   case "$VN" in
+   gitgui-[0-9]*) : happy ;;
+   *) (exit 1) ;;
+   esac
+then
+	VN=$(echo "$VN" | sed -e 's/^gitgui-//;s/-/./g');
+elif VN=$(git describe --abbrev=4 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
+   case "$VN" in
+   gitgui-[0-9]*) : happy ;;
+   *) (exit 1) ;;
+   esac
+then
+	VN=$(echo "$VN" | sed -e 's/^gitgui-//;s/-/./g');
+else
+	VN="$DEF_VER"
+fi
+
+dirty=$(sh -c 'git diff-index --name-only HEAD' 2>/dev/null) || dirty=
+case "$dirty" in
+'')
+	;;
+*)
+	VN="$VN-dirty" ;;
+esac
+
+if test -r $GVF
+then
+	VC=$(sed -e 's/^GITGUI_VERSION = //' <$GVF)
+else
+	VC=unset
+fi
+test "$VN" = "$VC" || {
+	echo >&2 "GITGUI_VERSION = $VN"
+	echo "GITGUI_VERSION = $VN" >$GVF
+}
diff --git a/git-gui/Makefile b/git-gui/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..197b55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+all::
+
+# Define V=1 to have a more verbose compile.
+#
+# Define NO_MSGFMT if you do not have msgfmt from the GNU gettext
+# package and want to use our rough pure Tcl po->msg translator.
+# TCL_PATH must be vaild for this to work.
+#
+
+GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
+-include GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+
+SCRIPT_SH = git-gui.sh
+GITGUI_MAIN := git-gui
+GITGUI_BUILT_INS = git-citool
+ALL_LIBFILES = $(wildcard lib/*.tcl)
+PRELOAD_FILES = lib/class.tcl
+NONTCL_LIBFILES = \
+	lib/git-gui.ico \
+	$(wildcard lib/win32_*.js) \
+#end NONTCL_LIBFILES
+
+ifndef SHELL_PATH
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/sh
+endif
+
+ifndef gitexecdir
+	gitexecdir := $(shell git --exec-path)
+endif
+
+ifndef sharedir
+ifeq (git-core,$(notdir $(gitexecdir)))
+	sharedir := $(dir $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(gitexecdir))))share
+else
+	sharedir := $(dir $(gitexecdir))share
+endif
+endif
+
+ifndef INSTALL
+	INSTALL = install
+endif
+
+RM_RF     ?= rm -rf
+RMDIR     ?= rmdir
+
+INSTALL_D0 = $(INSTALL) -d -m 755 # space is required here
+INSTALL_D1 =
+INSTALL_R0 = $(INSTALL) -m 644 # space is required here
+INSTALL_R1 =
+INSTALL_X0 = $(INSTALL) -m 755 # space is required here
+INSTALL_X1 =
+INSTALL_A0 = find # space is required here
+INSTALL_A1 = | cpio -pud
+INSTALL_L0 = rm -f # space is required here
+INSTALL_L1 = && ln # space is required here
+INSTALL_L2 =
+INSTALL_L3 =
+
+REMOVE_D0  = $(RMDIR) # space is required here
+REMOVE_D1  = || true
+REMOVE_F0  = $(RM_RF) # space is required here
+REMOVE_F1  =
+CLEAN_DST  = true
+
+ifndef V
+	QUIET          = @
+	QUIET_GEN      = $(QUIET)echo '   ' GEN '$@' &&
+	QUIET_INDEX    = $(QUIET)echo '   ' INDEX $(dir $@) &&
+	QUIET_MSGFMT0  = $(QUIET)printf '    MSGFMT %12s ' $@ && v=`
+	QUIET_MSGFMT1  = 2>&1` && echo "$$v" | sed -e 's/fuzzy translations/fuzzy/' | sed -e 's/ messages*//g'
+	QUIET_2DEVNULL = 2>/dev/null
+
+	INSTALL_D0 = dir=
+	INSTALL_D1 = && echo ' ' DEST $$dir && $(INSTALL) -d -m 755 "$$dir"
+	INSTALL_R0 = src=
+	INSTALL_R1 = && echo '   ' INSTALL 644 `basename $$src` && $(INSTALL) -m 644 $$src
+	INSTALL_X0 = src=
+	INSTALL_X1 = && echo '   ' INSTALL 755 `basename $$src` && $(INSTALL) -m 755 $$src
+	INSTALL_A0 = src=
+	INSTALL_A1 = && echo '   ' INSTALL '   ' `basename "$$src"` && find "$$src" | cpio -pud
+
+	INSTALL_L0 = dst=
+	INSTALL_L1 = && src=
+	INSTALL_L2 = && dst=
+	INSTALL_L3 = && echo '   ' 'LINK       ' `basename "$$dst"` '->' `basename "$$src"` && rm -f "$$dst" && ln "$$src" "$$dst"
+
+	CLEAN_DST = echo ' ' UNINSTALL
+	REMOVE_D0 = dir=
+	REMOVE_D1 = && echo ' ' REMOVE $$dir && test -d "$$dir" && $(RMDIR) "$$dir" || true
+	REMOVE_F0 = dst=
+	REMOVE_F1 = && echo '   ' REMOVE `basename "$$dst"` && $(RM_RF) "$$dst"
+endif
+
+TCLTK_PATH ?= wish
+ifeq (./,$(dir $(TCLTK_PATH)))
+	TCL_PATH ?= $(subst wish,tclsh,$(TCLTK_PATH))
+else
+	TCL_PATH ?= $(dir $(TCLTK_PATH))$(notdir $(subst wish,tclsh,$(TCLTK_PATH)))
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	TKFRAMEWORK = /Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Resources/Wish.app
+	ifeq ($(shell echo "$(uname_R)" | awk -F. '{if ($$1 >= 9) print "y"}')_$(shell test -d $(TKFRAMEWORK) || echo n),y_n)
+		TKFRAMEWORK = /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Resources/Wish.app
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d $(TKFRAMEWORK) || echo n),n)
+			TKFRAMEWORK = /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Resources/Wish\ Shell.app
+		endif
+	endif
+	TKEXECUTABLE = $(shell basename "$(TKFRAMEWORK)" .app)
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
+QUIET_GEN =
+endif
+
+-include config.mak
+
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+TCL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCL_PATH))
+TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
+TCLTK_PATH_SED = $(subst ','\'',$(subst \,\\,$(TCLTK_PATH)))
+
+gg_libdir ?= $(sharedir)/git-gui/lib
+libdir_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(gg_libdir))
+libdir_SED = $(subst ','\'',$(subst \,\\,$(gg_libdir_sed_in)))
+exedir     = $(dir $(gitexecdir))share/git-gui/lib
+
+GITGUI_SCRIPT   := $$0
+GITGUI_RELATIVE :=
+GITGUI_MACOSXAPP :=
+
+ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
+	GITGUI_SCRIPT := `cygpath --windows --absolute "$(GITGUI_SCRIPT)"`
+
+	# Is this a Cygwin Tcl/Tk binary?  If so it knows how to do
+	# POSIX path translation just like cygpath does and we must
+	# keep libdir in POSIX format so Cygwin packages of git-gui
+	# work no matter where the user installs them.
+	#
+	ifeq ($(shell echo 'puts [file normalize /]' | '$(TCL_PATH_SQ)'),$(shell cygpath --mixed --absolute /))
+		gg_libdir_sed_in := $(gg_libdir)
+	else
+		gg_libdir_sed_in := $(shell cygpath --windows --absolute "$(gg_libdir)")
+	endif
+else
+	ifeq ($(exedir),$(gg_libdir))
+		GITGUI_RELATIVE := 1
+	endif
+	gg_libdir_sed_in := $(gg_libdir)
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	ifeq ($(shell test -d $(TKFRAMEWORK) && echo y),y)
+		GITGUI_MACOSXAPP := YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
+	NO_MSGFMT=1
+	GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER := YesPlease
+	GITGUI_RELATIVE := 1
+endif
+
+ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
+GITGUI_MAIN := git-gui.tcl
+
+git-gui: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
+	$(QUIET_GEN)rm -f $@ $@+ && \
+	echo '#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' >$@+ && \
+	echo 'if test "z$$*" = zversion ||' >>$@+ && \
+	echo '   test "z$$*" = z--version' >>$@+ && \
+	echo then >>$@+ && \
+	echo '	'echo \'git-gui version '$(GITGUI_VERSION)'\' >>$@+ && \
+	echo else >>$@+ && \
+	echo '	'exec \''$(libdir_SQ)/Git Gui.app/Contents/MacOS/$(subst \,,$(TKEXECUTABLE))'\' \
+		'"$$0" "$$@"' >>$@+ && \
+	echo fi >>$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+Git\ Gui.app: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS \
+		macosx/Info.plist \
+		macosx/git-gui.icns \
+		macosx/AppMain.tcl \
+		$(TKFRAMEWORK)/Contents/MacOS/$(TKEXECUTABLE)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)rm -rf '$@' '$@'+ && \
+	mkdir -p '$@'+/Contents/MacOS && \
+	mkdir -p '$@'+/Contents/Resources/Scripts && \
+	cp '$(subst ','\'',$(subst \,,$(TKFRAMEWORK)/Contents/MacOS/$(TKEXECUTABLE)))' \
+		'$@'+/Contents/MacOS && \
+	cp macosx/git-gui.icns '$@'+/Contents/Resources && \
+	sed -e 's/@@GITGUI_VERSION@@/$(GITGUI_VERSION)/g' \
+		-e 's/@@GITGUI_TKEXECUTABLE@@/$(TKEXECUTABLE)/g' \
+		macosx/Info.plist \
+		>'$@'+/Contents/Info.plist && \
+	sed -e 's|@@gitexecdir@@|$(gitexecdir_SQ)|' \
+		-e 's|@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@|$(libdir_SED)|' \
+		macosx/AppMain.tcl \
+		>'$@'+/Contents/Resources/Scripts/AppMain.tcl && \
+	mv '$@'+ '$@'
+endif
+
+ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
+GITGUI_MAIN := git-gui.tcl
+
+git-gui: windows/git-gui.sh
+	cp $< $@
+endif
+
+$(GITGUI_MAIN): git-gui.sh GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
+	$(QUIET_GEN)rm -f $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+		-e '1,30s|^ argv0=$$0| argv0=$(GITGUI_SCRIPT)|' \
+		-e '1,30s|^ exec wish | exec '\''$(TCLTK_PATH_SED)'\'' |' \
+		-e 's/@@GITGUI_VERSION@@/$(GITGUI_VERSION)/g' \
+		-e 's|@@GITGUI_RELATIVE@@|$(GITGUI_RELATIVE)|' \
+		-e '$(GITGUI_RELATIVE)s|@@GITGUI_LIBDIR@@|$(libdir_SED)|' \
+		git-gui.sh >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
+ifdef NO_MSGFMT
+	MSGFMT ?= $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+else
+	MSGFMT ?= msgfmt
+	ifneq ($(shell $(MSGFMT) --tcl -l C -d . /dev/null 2>/dev/null; echo $$?),0)
+		MSGFMT := $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+	endif
+endif
+
+msgsdir     = $(gg_libdir)/msgs
+msgsdir_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(msgsdir))
+PO_TEMPLATE = po/git-gui.pot
+ALL_POFILES = $(wildcard po/*.po)
+ALL_MSGFILES = $(subst .po,.msg,$(ALL_POFILES))
+
+$(PO_TEMPLATE): $(SCRIPT_SH) $(ALL_LIBFILES)
+	$(XGETTEXT) -kmc -LTcl -o $@ $(SCRIPT_SH) $(ALL_LIBFILES)
+update-po:: $(PO_TEMPLATE)
+	$(foreach p, $(ALL_POFILES), echo Updating $p ; msgmerge -U $p $(PO_TEMPLATE) ; )
+$(ALL_MSGFILES): %.msg : %.po
+	$(QUIET_MSGFMT0)$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@) $< $(QUIET_MSGFMT1)
+
+lib/tclIndex: $(ALL_LIBFILES) GIT-GUI-VARS
+	$(QUIET_INDEX)if echo \
+	  $(foreach p,$(PRELOAD_FILES),source $p\;) \
+	  auto_mkindex lib '*.tcl' \
+	| $(TCL_PATH) $(QUIET_2DEVNULL); then : ok; \
+	else \
+	 echo 1>&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
+	 rm -f $@ ; \
+	 echo '# Autogenerated by git-gui Makefile' >$@ && \
+	 echo >>$@ && \
+	 $(foreach p,$(PRELOAD_FILES) $(ALL_LIBFILES),echo '$(subst lib/,,$p)' >>$@ &&) \
+	 echo >>$@ ; \
+	fi
+
+TRACK_VARS = \
+	$(subst ','\'',SHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)') \
+	$(subst ','\'',TCL_PATH='$(TCL_PATH_SQ)') \
+	$(subst ','\'',TCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)') \
+	$(subst ','\'',gitexecdir='$(gitexecdir_SQ)') \
+	$(subst ','\'',gg_libdir='$(libdir_SQ)') \
+	GITGUI_MACOSXAPP=$(GITGUI_MACOSXAPP) \
+#end TRACK_VARS
+
+GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
+	if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo 1>&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
+		echo 1>$@ "$$VARS"; \
+	fi
+
+ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
+all:: git-gui Git\ Gui.app
+endif
+ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
+all:: git-gui
+endif
+all:: $(GITGUI_MAIN) lib/tclIndex $(ALL_MSGFILES)
+
+install: all
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)' $(INSTALL_D1)
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_X0)git-gui $(INSTALL_X1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_X0)git-gui--askpass $(INSTALL_X1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
+	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(GITGUI_BUILT_INS), $(INSTALL_L0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)/$p' $(INSTALL_L1)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)/git-gui' $(INSTALL_L2)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)/$p' $(INSTALL_L3) &&) true
+ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_R0)git-gui.tcl $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
+endif
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)' $(INSTALL_D1)
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_R0)lib/tclIndex $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
+ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_A0)'Git Gui.app' $(INSTALL_A1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_X0)git-gui.tcl $(INSTALL_X1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
+endif
+	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_LIBFILES) $(NONTCL_LIBFILES), $(INSTALL_R0)$p $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)' &&) true
+	$(QUIET)$(INSTALL_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' $(INSTALL_D1)
+	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_MSGFILES), $(INSTALL_R0)$p $(INSTALL_R1) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' &&) true
+
+uninstall:
+	$(QUIET)$(CLEAN_DST) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/git-gui $(REMOVE_F1)
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/git-gui--askpass $(REMOVE_F1)
+	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(GITGUI_BUILT_INS), $(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/$p $(REMOVE_F1) &&) true
+ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)'/git-gui.tcl $(REMOVE_F1)
+endif
+	$(QUIET)$(CLEAN_DST) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'/tclIndex $(REMOVE_F1)
+ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)/Git Gui.app' $(REMOVE_F1)
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'/git-gui.tcl $(REMOVE_F1)
+endif
+	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_LIBFILES) $(NONTCL_LIBFILES), $(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'/$(notdir $p) $(REMOVE_F1) &&) true
+	$(QUIET)$(CLEAN_DST) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)'
+	$(QUIET)$(foreach p,$(ALL_MSGFILES), $(REMOVE_F0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)'/$(notdir $p) $(REMOVE_F1) &&) true
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexecdir_SQ)' $(REMOVE_D1)
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' $(REMOVE_D1)
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)' $(REMOVE_D1)
+	$(QUIET)$(REMOVE_D0)`dirname '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(libdir_SQ)'` $(REMOVE_D1)
+
+dist-version:
+	@mkdir -p $(TARDIR)
+	@echo $(GITGUI_VERSION) > $(TARDIR)/version
+
+clean::
+	$(RM_RF) $(GITGUI_MAIN) lib/tclIndex po/*.msg
+	$(RM_RF) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-GUI-VARS
+ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
+	$(RM_RF) 'Git Gui.app'* git-gui
+endif
+ifdef GITGUI_WINDOWS_WRAPPER
+	$(RM_RF) git-gui
+endif
+
+.PHONY: all install uninstall dist-version clean
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/git-gui--askpass b/git-gui/git-gui--askpass
similarity index 100%
rename from git-gui--askpass
rename to git-gui/git-gui--askpass
diff --git a/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from git-gui.sh
rename to git-gui/git-gui.sh
diff --git a/lib/about.tcl b/git-gui/lib/about.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/about.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/about.tcl
diff --git a/lib/blame.tcl b/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/blame.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
diff --git a/lib/branch.tcl b/git-gui/lib/branch.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/branch.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/branch.tcl
diff --git a/lib/branch_checkout.tcl b/git-gui/lib/branch_checkout.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/branch_checkout.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/branch_checkout.tcl
diff --git a/lib/branch_create.tcl b/git-gui/lib/branch_create.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/branch_create.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/branch_create.tcl
diff --git a/lib/branch_delete.tcl b/git-gui/lib/branch_delete.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/branch_delete.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/branch_delete.tcl
diff --git a/lib/branch_rename.tcl b/git-gui/lib/branch_rename.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/branch_rename.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/branch_rename.tcl
diff --git a/lib/browser.tcl b/git-gui/lib/browser.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/browser.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/browser.tcl
diff --git a/lib/checkout_op.tcl b/git-gui/lib/checkout_op.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/checkout_op.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/checkout_op.tcl
diff --git a/lib/choose_font.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_font.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/choose_font.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/choose_font.tcl
diff --git a/lib/choose_repository.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/choose_repository.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
diff --git a/lib/choose_rev.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_rev.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/choose_rev.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/choose_rev.tcl
diff --git a/lib/class.tcl b/git-gui/lib/class.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/class.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/class.tcl
diff --git a/lib/commit.tcl b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/commit.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
diff --git a/lib/console.tcl b/git-gui/lib/console.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/console.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/console.tcl
diff --git a/lib/database.tcl b/git-gui/lib/database.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/database.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/database.tcl
diff --git a/lib/date.tcl b/git-gui/lib/date.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/date.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/date.tcl
diff --git a/lib/diff.tcl b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/diff.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
diff --git a/lib/encoding.tcl b/git-gui/lib/encoding.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/encoding.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/encoding.tcl
diff --git a/lib/error.tcl b/git-gui/lib/error.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/error.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/error.tcl
diff --git a/lib/git-gui.ico b/git-gui/lib/git-gui.ico
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/git-gui.ico
rename to git-gui/lib/git-gui.ico
Binary files differ
diff --git a/lib/index.tcl b/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/index.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/index.tcl
diff --git a/lib/logo.tcl b/git-gui/lib/logo.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/logo.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/logo.tcl
diff --git a/lib/merge.tcl b/git-gui/lib/merge.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/merge.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/merge.tcl
diff --git a/lib/mergetool.tcl b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/mergetool.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
diff --git a/lib/option.tcl b/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/option.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/option.tcl
diff --git a/lib/remote.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/remote.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
diff --git a/lib/remote_add.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote_add.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/remote_add.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/remote_add.tcl
diff --git a/lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl
diff --git a/lib/search.tcl b/git-gui/lib/search.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/search.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/search.tcl
diff --git a/lib/shortcut.tcl b/git-gui/lib/shortcut.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/shortcut.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/shortcut.tcl
diff --git a/lib/spellcheck.tcl b/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/spellcheck.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
diff --git a/lib/sshkey.tcl b/git-gui/lib/sshkey.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/sshkey.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/sshkey.tcl
diff --git a/lib/status_bar.tcl b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/status_bar.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
diff --git a/lib/themed.tcl b/git-gui/lib/themed.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/themed.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/themed.tcl
diff --git a/lib/tools.tcl b/git-gui/lib/tools.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/tools.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/tools.tcl
diff --git a/lib/tools_dlg.tcl b/git-gui/lib/tools_dlg.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/tools_dlg.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/tools_dlg.tcl
diff --git a/lib/transport.tcl b/git-gui/lib/transport.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/transport.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/transport.tcl
diff --git a/lib/win32.tcl b/git-gui/lib/win32.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/win32.tcl
rename to git-gui/lib/win32.tcl
diff --git a/lib/win32_shortcut.js b/git-gui/lib/win32_shortcut.js
similarity index 100%
rename from lib/win32_shortcut.js
rename to git-gui/lib/win32_shortcut.js
diff --git a/macosx/AppMain.tcl b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
similarity index 100%
rename from macosx/AppMain.tcl
rename to git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
diff --git a/macosx/Info.plist b/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
similarity index 100%
rename from macosx/Info.plist
rename to git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
diff --git a/macosx/git-gui.icns b/git-gui/macosx/git-gui.icns
similarity index 100%
rename from macosx/git-gui.icns
rename to git-gui/macosx/git-gui.icns
Binary files differ
diff --git a/po/.gitignore b/git-gui/po/.gitignore
similarity index 100%
rename from po/.gitignore
rename to git-gui/po/.gitignore
diff --git a/po/README b/git-gui/po/README
similarity index 100%
rename from po/README
rename to git-gui/po/README
diff --git a/po/de.po b/git-gui/po/de.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/de.po
rename to git-gui/po/de.po
diff --git a/po/el.po b/git-gui/po/el.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/el.po
rename to git-gui/po/el.po
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/git-gui/po/fr.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/fr.po
rename to git-gui/po/fr.po
diff --git a/po/git-gui.pot b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
similarity index 100%
rename from po/git-gui.pot
rename to git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
diff --git a/po/glossary/Makefile b/git-gui/po/glossary/Makefile
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/Makefile
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/Makefile
diff --git a/po/glossary/de.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/de.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/de.po
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/de.po
diff --git a/po/glossary/el.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/el.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/el.po
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/el.po
diff --git a/po/glossary/fr.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/fr.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/fr.po
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/fr.po
diff --git a/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.pot b/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.pot
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.pot
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.pot
diff --git a/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt b/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
diff --git a/po/glossary/it.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/it.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/it.po
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/it.po
diff --git a/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh b/git-gui/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/txt-to-pot.sh
diff --git a/po/glossary/zh_cn.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/zh_cn.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/glossary/zh_cn.po
rename to git-gui/po/glossary/zh_cn.po
diff --git a/po/hu.po b/git-gui/po/hu.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/hu.po
rename to git-gui/po/hu.po
diff --git a/po/it.po b/git-gui/po/it.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/it.po
rename to git-gui/po/it.po
diff --git a/po/ja.po b/git-gui/po/ja.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/ja.po
rename to git-gui/po/ja.po
diff --git a/po/nb.po b/git-gui/po/nb.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/nb.po
rename to git-gui/po/nb.po
diff --git a/po/po2msg.sh b/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from po/po2msg.sh
rename to git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
diff --git a/po/ru.po b/git-gui/po/ru.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/ru.po
rename to git-gui/po/ru.po
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/git-gui/po/sv.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/sv.po
rename to git-gui/po/sv.po
diff --git a/po/zh_cn.po b/git-gui/po/zh_cn.po
similarity index 100%
rename from po/zh_cn.po
rename to git-gui/po/zh_cn.po
diff --git a/windows/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from windows/git-gui.sh
rename to git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
diff --git a/git-instaweb.sh b/git-instaweb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6a65f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-instaweb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+#
+
+PERL='@@PERL@@'
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git instaweb [options] (--start | --stop | --restart)
+--
+l,local        only bind on 127.0.0.1
+p,port=        the port to bind to
+d,httpd=       the command to launch
+b,browser=     the browser to launch
+m,module-path= the module path (only needed for apache2)
+ Action
+stop           stop the web server
+start          start the web server
+restart        restart the web server
+"
+
+. git-sh-setup
+
+fqgitdir="$GIT_DIR"
+local="$(git config --bool --get instaweb.local)"
+httpd="$(git config --get instaweb.httpd)"
+port=$(git config --get instaweb.port)
+module_path="$(git config --get instaweb.modulepath)"
+
+conf="$GIT_DIR/gitweb/httpd.conf"
+
+# Defaults:
+
+# if installed, it doesn't need further configuration (module_path)
+test -z "$httpd" && httpd='lighttpd -f'
+
+# any untaken local port will do...
+test -z "$port" && port=1234
+
+resolve_full_httpd () {
+	case "$httpd" in
+	*apache2*|*lighttpd*)
+		# ensure that the apache2/lighttpd command ends with "-f"
+		if ! echo "$httpd" | sane_grep -- '-f *$' >/dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			httpd="$httpd -f"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	httpd_only="$(echo $httpd | cut -f1 -d' ')"
+	if case "$httpd_only" in /*) : ;; *) which $httpd_only >/dev/null 2>&1;; esac
+	then
+		full_httpd=$httpd
+	else
+		# many httpds are installed in /usr/sbin or /usr/local/sbin
+		# these days and those are not in most users $PATHs
+		# in addition, we may have generated a server script
+		# in $fqgitdir/gitweb.
+		for i in /usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin "$fqgitdir/gitweb"
+		do
+			if test -x "$i/$httpd_only"
+			then
+				full_httpd=$i/$httpd
+				return
+			fi
+		done
+
+		echo >&2 "$httpd_only not found. Install $httpd_only or use" \
+		     "--httpd to specify another httpd daemon."
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+start_httpd () {
+	if test -f "$fqgitdir/pid"; then
+		say "Instance already running. Restarting..."
+		stop_httpd
+	fi
+
+	# here $httpd should have a meaningful value
+	resolve_full_httpd
+
+	# don't quote $full_httpd, there can be arguments to it (-f)
+	case "$httpd" in
+	*mongoose*)
+		#The mongoose server doesn't have a daemon mode so we'll have to fork it
+		$full_httpd "$fqgitdir/gitweb/httpd.conf" &
+		#Save the pid before doing anything else (we'll print it later)
+		pid=$!
+
+		if test $? != 0; then
+			echo "Could not execute http daemon $httpd."
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		cat > "$fqgitdir/pid" <<EOF
+$pid
+EOF
+		;;
+	*)
+		$full_httpd "$fqgitdir/gitweb/httpd.conf"
+		if test $? != 0; then
+			echo "Could not execute http daemon $httpd."
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+stop_httpd () {
+	test -f "$fqgitdir/pid" && kill $(cat "$fqgitdir/pid")
+}
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--stop|stop)
+		stop_httpd
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	--start|start)
+		start_httpd
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	--restart|restart)
+		stop_httpd
+		start_httpd
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	-l|--local)
+		local=true
+		;;
+	-d|--httpd)
+		shift
+		httpd="$1"
+		;;
+	-b|--browser)
+		shift
+		browser="$1"
+		;;
+	-p|--port)
+		shift
+		port="$1"
+		;;
+	-m|--module-path)
+		shift
+		module_path="$1"
+		;;
+	--)
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR/gitweb/tmp"
+GIT_EXEC_PATH="$(git --exec-path)"
+GIT_DIR="$fqgitdir"
+export GIT_EXEC_PATH GIT_DIR
+
+
+webrick_conf () {
+	# generate a standalone server script in $fqgitdir/gitweb.
+	cat >"$fqgitdir/gitweb/$httpd.rb" <<EOF
+require 'webrick'
+require 'yaml'
+options = YAML::load_file(ARGV[0])
+options[:StartCallback] = proc do
+  File.open(options[:PidFile],"w") do |f|
+    f.puts Process.pid
+  end
+end
+options[:ServerType] = WEBrick::Daemon
+server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(options)
+['INT', 'TERM'].each do |signal|
+  trap(signal) {server.shutdown}
+end
+server.start
+EOF
+	# generate a shell script to invoke the above ruby script,
+	# which assumes _ruby_ is in the user's $PATH. that's _one_
+	# portable way to run ruby, which could be installed anywhere,
+	# really.
+	cat >"$fqgitdir/gitweb/$httpd" <<EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+exec ruby "$fqgitdir/gitweb/$httpd.rb" \$*
+EOF
+	chmod +x "$fqgitdir/gitweb/$httpd"
+
+	cat >"$conf" <<EOF
+:Port: $port
+:DocumentRoot: "$fqgitdir/gitweb"
+:DirectoryIndex: ["gitweb.cgi"]
+:PidFile: "$fqgitdir/pid"
+EOF
+	test "$local" = true && echo ':BindAddress: "127.0.0.1"' >> "$conf"
+}
+
+lighttpd_conf () {
+	cat > "$conf" <<EOF
+server.document-root = "$fqgitdir/gitweb"
+server.port = $port
+server.modules = ( "mod_setenv", "mod_cgi" )
+server.indexfiles = ( "gitweb.cgi" )
+server.pid-file = "$fqgitdir/pid"
+server.errorlog = "$fqgitdir/gitweb/error.log"
+
+# to enable, add "mod_access", "mod_accesslog" to server.modules
+# variable above and uncomment this
+#accesslog.filename = "$fqgitdir/gitweb/access.log"
+
+setenv.add-environment = ( "PATH" => "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin" )
+
+cgi.assign = ( ".cgi" => "" )
+
+# mimetype mapping
+mimetype.assign             = (
+  ".pdf"          =>      "application/pdf",
+  ".sig"          =>      "application/pgp-signature",
+  ".spl"          =>      "application/futuresplash",
+  ".class"        =>      "application/octet-stream",
+  ".ps"           =>      "application/postscript",
+  ".torrent"      =>      "application/x-bittorrent",
+  ".dvi"          =>      "application/x-dvi",
+  ".gz"           =>      "application/x-gzip",
+  ".pac"          =>      "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
+  ".swf"          =>      "application/x-shockwave-flash",
+  ".tar.gz"       =>      "application/x-tgz",
+  ".tgz"          =>      "application/x-tgz",
+  ".tar"          =>      "application/x-tar",
+  ".zip"          =>      "application/zip",
+  ".mp3"          =>      "audio/mpeg",
+  ".m3u"          =>      "audio/x-mpegurl",
+  ".wma"          =>      "audio/x-ms-wma",
+  ".wax"          =>      "audio/x-ms-wax",
+  ".ogg"          =>      "application/ogg",
+  ".wav"          =>      "audio/x-wav",
+  ".gif"          =>      "image/gif",
+  ".jpg"          =>      "image/jpeg",
+  ".jpeg"         =>      "image/jpeg",
+  ".png"          =>      "image/png",
+  ".xbm"          =>      "image/x-xbitmap",
+  ".xpm"          =>      "image/x-xpixmap",
+  ".xwd"          =>      "image/x-xwindowdump",
+  ".css"          =>      "text/css",
+  ".html"         =>      "text/html",
+  ".htm"          =>      "text/html",
+  ".js"           =>      "text/javascript",
+  ".asc"          =>      "text/plain",
+  ".c"            =>      "text/plain",
+  ".cpp"          =>      "text/plain",
+  ".log"          =>      "text/plain",
+  ".conf"         =>      "text/plain",
+  ".text"         =>      "text/plain",
+  ".txt"          =>      "text/plain",
+  ".dtd"          =>      "text/xml",
+  ".xml"          =>      "text/xml",
+  ".mpeg"         =>      "video/mpeg",
+  ".mpg"          =>      "video/mpeg",
+  ".mov"          =>      "video/quicktime",
+  ".qt"           =>      "video/quicktime",
+  ".avi"          =>      "video/x-msvideo",
+  ".asf"          =>      "video/x-ms-asf",
+  ".asx"          =>      "video/x-ms-asf",
+  ".wmv"          =>      "video/x-ms-wmv",
+  ".bz2"          =>      "application/x-bzip",
+  ".tbz"          =>      "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+  ".tar.bz2"      =>      "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+  ""              =>      "text/plain"
+ )
+EOF
+	test x"$local" = xtrue && echo 'server.bind = "127.0.0.1"' >> "$conf"
+}
+
+apache2_conf () {
+	test -z "$module_path" && module_path=/usr/lib/apache2/modules
+	mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR/gitweb/logs"
+	bind=
+	test x"$local" = xtrue && bind='127.0.0.1:'
+	echo 'text/css css' > "$fqgitdir/mime.types"
+	cat > "$conf" <<EOF
+ServerName "git-instaweb"
+ServerRoot "$fqgitdir/gitweb"
+DocumentRoot "$fqgitdir/gitweb"
+PidFile "$fqgitdir/pid"
+Listen $bind$port
+EOF
+
+	for mod in mime dir; do
+		if test -e $module_path/mod_${mod}.so; then
+			echo "LoadModule ${mod}_module " \
+			     "$module_path/mod_${mod}.so" >> "$conf"
+		fi
+	done
+	cat >> "$conf" <<EOF
+TypesConfig "$fqgitdir/mime.types"
+DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
+EOF
+
+	# check to see if Dennis Stosberg's mod_perl compatibility patch
+	# (<20060621130708.Gcbc6e5c@leonov.stosberg.net>) has been applied
+	if test -f "$module_path/mod_perl.so" &&
+	   sane_grep 'MOD_PERL' "$GIT_DIR/gitweb/gitweb.cgi" >/dev/null
+	then
+		# favor mod_perl if available
+		cat >> "$conf" <<EOF
+LoadModule perl_module $module_path/mod_perl.so
+PerlPassEnv GIT_DIR
+PerlPassEnv GIT_EXEC_DIR
+<Location /gitweb.cgi>
+	SetHandler perl-script
+	PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
+	PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
+	Options +ExecCGI
+</Location>
+EOF
+	else
+		# plain-old CGI
+		resolve_full_httpd
+		list_mods=$(echo "$full_httpd" | sed 's/-f$/-l/')
+		$list_mods | sane_grep 'mod_cgi\.c' >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
+		if test -f "$module_path/mod_cgi.so"
+		then
+			echo "LoadModule cgi_module $module_path/mod_cgi.so" >> "$conf"
+		else
+			$list_mods | grep 'mod_cgid\.c' >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
+			if test -f "$module_path/mod_cgid.so"
+			then
+				echo "LoadModule cgid_module $module_path/mod_cgid.so" \
+					>> "$conf"
+			else
+				echo "You have no CGI support!"
+				exit 2
+			fi
+			echo "ScriptSock logs/gitweb.sock" >> "$conf"
+		fi
+		cat >> "$conf" <<EOF
+AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
+<Location /gitweb.cgi>
+	Options +ExecCGI
+</Location>
+EOF
+	fi
+}
+
+mongoose_conf() {
+	cat > "$conf" <<EOF
+# Mongoose web server configuration file.
+# Lines starting with '#' and empty lines are ignored.
+# For detailed description of every option, visit
+# http://code.google.com/p/mongoose/wiki/MongooseManual
+
+root		$fqgitdir/gitweb
+ports		$port
+index_files	gitweb.cgi
+#ssl_cert	$fqgitdir/gitweb/ssl_cert.pem
+error_log	$fqgitdir/gitweb/error.log
+access_log	$fqgitdir/gitweb/access.log
+
+#cgi setup
+cgi_env		PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin,GIT_DIR=$GIT_DIR,GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_EXEC_PATH
+cgi_interp	$PERL
+cgi_ext		cgi,pl
+
+# mimetype mapping
+mime_types	.gz=application/x-gzip,.tar.gz=application/x-tgz,.tgz=application/x-tgz,.tar=application/x-tar,.zip=application/zip,.gif=image/gif,.jpg=image/jpeg,.jpeg=image/jpeg,.png=image/png,.css=text/css,.html=text/html,.htm=text/html,.js=text/javascript,.c=text/plain,.cpp=text/plain,.log=text/plain,.conf=text/plain,.text=text/plain,.txt=text/plain,.dtd=text/xml,.bz2=application/x-bzip,.tbz=application/x-bzip-compressed-tar,.tar.bz2=application/x-bzip-compressed-tar
+EOF
+}
+
+
+script='
+s#^(my|our) \$projectroot =.*#$1 \$projectroot = "'$(dirname "$fqgitdir")'";#;
+s#(my|our) \$gitbin =.*#$1 \$gitbin = "'$GIT_EXEC_PATH'";#;
+s#(my|our) \$projects_list =.*#$1 \$projects_list = \$projectroot;#;
+s#(my|our) \$git_temp =.*#$1 \$git_temp = "'$fqgitdir/gitweb/tmp'";#;'
+
+gitweb_cgi () {
+	cat > "$1.tmp" <<\EOFGITWEB
+@@GITWEB_CGI@@
+EOFGITWEB
+	# Use the configured full path to perl to match the generated
+	# scripts' 'hashpling' line
+	"$PERL" -p -e "$script" "$1.tmp"  > "$1"
+	chmod +x "$1"
+	rm -f "$1.tmp"
+}
+
+gitweb_css () {
+	cat > "$1" <<\EOFGITWEB
+@@GITWEB_CSS@@
+EOFGITWEB
+}
+
+gitweb_js () {
+	cat > "$1" <<\EOFGITWEB
+@@GITWEB_JS@@
+EOFGITWEB
+}
+
+gitweb_cgi "$GIT_DIR/gitweb/gitweb.cgi"
+gitweb_css "$GIT_DIR/gitweb/gitweb.css"
+gitweb_js  "$GIT_DIR/gitweb/gitweb.js"
+
+case "$httpd" in
+*lighttpd*)
+	lighttpd_conf
+	;;
+*apache2*)
+	apache2_conf
+	;;
+webrick)
+	webrick_conf
+	;;
+*mongoose*)
+	mongoose_conf
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Unknown httpd specified: $httpd"
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
+start_httpd
+url=http://127.0.0.1:$port
+
+if test -n "$browser"; then
+	git web--browse -b "$browser" $url || echo $url
+else
+	git web--browse -c "instaweb.browser" $url || echo $url
+fi
diff --git a/git-lost-found.sh b/git-lost-found.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0b3e8c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-lost-found.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE=''
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+
+echo "WARNING: '$0' is deprecated in favor of 'git fsck --lost-found'" >&2
+
+if [ "$#" != "0" ]
+then
+    usage
+fi
+
+laf="$GIT_DIR/lost-found"
+rm -fr "$laf" && mkdir -p "$laf/commit" "$laf/other" || exit
+
+git fsck --full --no-reflogs |
+while read dangling type sha1
+do
+	case "$dangling" in
+	dangling)
+		if git rev-parse -q --verify "$sha1^0" >/dev/null
+		then
+			dir="$laf/commit"
+			git show-branch "$sha1"
+		else
+			dir="$laf/other"
+		fi
+		echo "$sha1" >"$dir/$sha1"
+		;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/git-merge-octopus.sh b/git-merge-octopus.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..615753c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-merge-octopus.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# Resolve two or more trees.
+#
+
+LF='
+'
+
+die () {
+    echo >&2 "$*"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# The first parameters up to -- are merge bases; the rest are heads.
+bases= head= remotes= sep_seen=
+for arg
+do
+	case ",$sep_seen,$head,$arg," in
+	*,--,)
+		sep_seen=yes
+		;;
+	,yes,,*)
+		head=$arg
+		;;
+	,yes,*)
+		remotes="$remotes$arg "
+		;;
+	*)
+		bases="$bases$arg "
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
+# Reject if this is not an Octopus -- resolve should be used instead.
+case "$remotes" in
+?*' '?*)
+	;;
+*)
+	exit 2 ;;
+esac
+
+# MRC is the current "merge reference commit"
+# MRT is the current "merge result tree"
+
+MRC=$(git rev-parse --verify -q $head)
+MRT=$(git write-tree)
+NON_FF_MERGE=0
+OCTOPUS_FAILURE=0
+for SHA1 in $remotes
+do
+	case "$OCTOPUS_FAILURE" in
+	1)
+		# We allow only last one to have a hand-resolvable
+		# conflicts.  Last round failed and we still had
+		# a head to merge.
+		echo "Automated merge did not work."
+		echo "Should not be doing an Octopus."
+		exit 2
+	esac
+
+	eval pretty_name=\${GITHEAD_$SHA1:-$SHA1}
+	common=$(git merge-base --all $SHA1 $MRC) ||
+		die "Unable to find common commit with $pretty_name"
+
+	case "$LF$common$LF" in
+	*"$LF$SHA1$LF"*)
+		echo "Already up-to-date with $pretty_name"
+		continue
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	if test "$common,$NON_FF_MERGE" = "$MRC,0"
+	then
+		# The first head being merged was a fast-forward.
+		# Advance MRC to the head being merged, and use that
+		# tree as the intermediate result of the merge.
+		# We still need to count this as part of the parent set.
+
+		echo "Fast-forwarding to: $pretty_name"
+		git read-tree -u -m $head $SHA1 || exit
+		MRC=$SHA1 MRT=$(git write-tree)
+		continue
+	fi
+
+	NON_FF_MERGE=1
+
+	echo "Trying simple merge with $pretty_name"
+	git read-tree -u -m --aggressive  $common $MRT $SHA1 || exit 2
+	next=$(git write-tree 2>/dev/null)
+	if test $? -ne 0
+	then
+		echo "Simple merge did not work, trying automatic merge."
+		git-merge-index -o git-merge-one-file -a ||
+		OCTOPUS_FAILURE=1
+		next=$(git write-tree 2>/dev/null)
+	fi
+
+	MRC="$MRC $SHA1"
+	MRT=$next
+done
+
+exit "$OCTOPUS_FAILURE"
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.sh b/git-merge-one-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d067894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-merge-one-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+#
+# This is the git per-file merge script, called with
+#
+#   $1 - original file SHA1 (or empty)
+#   $2 - file in branch1 SHA1 (or empty)
+#   $3 - file in branch2 SHA1 (or empty)
+#   $4 - pathname in repository
+#   $5 - original file mode (or empty)
+#   $6 - file in branch1 mode (or empty)
+#   $7 - file in branch2 mode (or empty)
+#
+# Handle some trivial cases.. The _really_ trivial cases have
+# been handled already by git read-tree, but that one doesn't
+# do any merges that might change the tree layout.
+
+USAGE='<orig blob> <our blob> <their blob> <path>'
+USAGE="$USAGE <orig mode> <our mode> <their mode>"
+LONG_USAGE="Usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
+
+Blob ids and modes should be empty for missing files."
+
+if ! test "$#" -eq 7
+then
+	echo "$LONG_USAGE"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
+#
+# Deleted in both or deleted in one and unchanged in the other
+#
+"$1.." | "$1.$1" | "$1$1.")
+	if [ "$2" ]; then
+		echo "Removing $4"
+	else
+		# read-tree checked that index matches HEAD already,
+		# so we know we do not have this path tracked.
+		# there may be an unrelated working tree file here,
+		# which we should just leave unmolested.  Make sure
+		# we do not have it in the index, though.
+		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
+	fi
+	if test -f "$4"; then
+		rm -f -- "$4" &&
+		rmdir -p "$(expr "z$4" : 'z\(.*\)/')" 2>/dev/null || :
+	fi &&
+		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
+	;;
+
+#
+# Added in one.
+#
+".$2.")
+	# the other side did not add and we added so there is nothing
+	# to be done, except making the path merged.
+	exec git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$6" "$2" "$4"
+	;;
+"..$3")
+	echo "Adding $4"
+	if test -f "$4"
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge."
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$7" "$3" "$4" &&
+		exec git checkout-index -u -f -- "$4"
+	;;
+
+#
+# Added in both, identically (check for same permissions).
+#
+".$3$2")
+	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches,"
+		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7."
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	echo "Adding $4"
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$6" "$2" "$4" &&
+		exec git checkout-index -u -f -- "$4"
+	;;
+
+#
+# Modified in both, but differently.
+#
+"$1$2$3" | ".$2$3")
+
+	case ",$6,$7," in
+	*,120000,*)
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes."
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	*,160000,*)
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes."
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	src2=`git-unpack-file $3`
+	case "$1" in
+	'')
+		echo "Added $4 in both, but differently."
+		# This extracts OUR file in $orig, and uses git apply to
+		# remove lines that are unique to ours.
+		orig=`git-unpack-file $2`
+		sz0=`wc -c <"$orig"`
+		diff -u -La/$orig -Lb/$orig $orig $src2 | git apply --no-add
+		sz1=`wc -c <"$orig"`
+
+		# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
+		# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
+		expr "$sz0" \< "$sz1" \* 2 >/dev/null || : >$orig
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Auto-merging $4"
+		orig=`git-unpack-file $1`
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# Be careful for funny filename such as "-L" in "$4", which
+	# would confuse "merge" greatly.
+	src1=`git-unpack-file $2`
+	git merge-file "$src1" "$orig" "$src2"
+	ret=$?
+	msg=
+	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+		msg='content conflict'
+	fi
+
+	# Create the working tree file, using "our tree" version from the
+	# index, and then store the result of the merge.
+	git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$4" && cat "$src1" >"$4"
+	rm -f -- "$orig" "$src1" "$src2"
+
+	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
+		if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
+			msg="$msg, "
+		fi
+		msg="${msg}permissions conflict: $5->$6,$7"
+		ret=1
+	fi
+	if [ "$1" = '' ]; then
+		ret=1
+	fi
+
+	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	exec git update-index -- "$4"
+	;;
+
+*)
+	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3"
+	;;
+esac
+exit 1
diff --git a/git-merge-resolve.sh b/git-merge-resolve.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c9da747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-merge-resolve.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# Resolve two trees, using enhanced multi-base read-tree.
+
+# The first parameters up to -- are merge bases; the rest are heads.
+bases= head= remotes= sep_seen=
+for arg
+do
+	case ",$sep_seen,$head,$arg," in
+	*,--,)
+		sep_seen=yes
+		;;
+	,yes,,*)
+		head=$arg
+		;;
+	,yes,*)
+		remotes="$remotes$arg "
+		;;
+	*)
+		bases="$bases$arg "
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
+# Give up if we are given two or more remotes -- not handling octopus.
+case "$remotes" in
+?*' '?*)
+	exit 2 ;;
+esac
+
+# Give up if this is a baseless merge.
+if test '' = "$bases"
+then
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+git update-index -q --refresh
+git read-tree -u -m --aggressive $bases $head $remotes || exit 2
+echo "Trying simple merge."
+if result_tree=$(git write-tree 2>/dev/null)
+then
+	exit 0
+else
+	echo "Simple merge failed, trying Automatic merge."
+	if git-merge-index -o git-merge-one-file -a
+	then
+		exit 0
+	else
+		exit 1
+	fi
+fi
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51dd0d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# git-mergetool--lib is a library for common merge tool functions
+diff_mode() {
+	test "$TOOL_MODE" = diff
+}
+
+merge_mode() {
+	test "$TOOL_MODE" = merge
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path () {
+	case "$1" in
+	vimdiff)
+		echo vim
+		;;
+	gvimdiff)
+		echo gvim
+		;;
+	emerge)
+		echo emacs
+		;;
+	araxis)
+		echo compare
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "$1"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+check_unchanged () {
+	if test "$MERGED" -nt "$BACKUP"; then
+		status=0
+	else
+		while true; do
+			echo "$MERGED seems unchanged."
+			printf "Was the merge successful? [y/n] "
+			read answer < /dev/tty
+			case "$answer" in
+			y*|Y*) status=0; break ;;
+			n*|N*) status=1; break ;;
+			esac
+		done
+	fi
+}
+
+valid_tool () {
+	case "$1" in
+	kdiff3 | tkdiff | xxdiff | meld | opendiff | \
+	emerge | vimdiff | gvimdiff | ecmerge | diffuse | araxis | p4merge)
+		;; # happy
+	tortoisemerge)
+		if ! merge_mode; then
+			return 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	kompare)
+		if ! diff_mode; then
+			return 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"; then
+			return 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+get_merge_tool_cmd () {
+	# Prints the custom command for a merge tool
+	if test -n "$1"; then
+		merge_tool="$1"
+	else
+		merge_tool="$(get_merge_tool)"
+	fi
+	if diff_mode; then
+		echo "$(git config difftool.$merge_tool.cmd ||
+		        git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+	else
+		echo "$(git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+	fi
+}
+
+run_merge_tool () {
+	merge_tool_path="$(get_merge_tool_path "$1")" || exit
+	base_present="$2"
+	status=0
+
+	case "$1" in
+	kdiff3)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			if $base_present; then
+				("$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+					--L1 "$MERGED (Base)" \
+					--L2 "$MERGED (Local)" \
+					--L3 "$MERGED (Remote)" \
+					-o "$MERGED" \
+					"$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+				> /dev/null 2>&1)
+			else
+				("$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+					--L1 "$MERGED (Local)" \
+					--L2 "$MERGED (Remote)" \
+					-o "$MERGED" \
+					"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+				> /dev/null 2>&1)
+			fi
+			status=$?
+		else
+			("$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+				--L1 "$MERGED (A)" \
+				--L2 "$MERGED (B)" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+			> /dev/null 2>&1)
+		fi
+		;;
+	kompare)
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		;;
+	tkdiff)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" -a "$BASE" \
+					-o "$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" \
+					-o "$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+			fi
+			status=$?
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	p4merge)
+		if merge_mode; then
+		    touch "$BACKUP"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+			fi
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	meld)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	diffuse)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" \
+					"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE" \
+					"$BASE" | cat
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" \
+					"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE" | cat
+			fi
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" | cat
+		fi
+		;;
+	vimdiff)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" \
+				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	gvimdiff)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" -f \
+				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -d -c "wincmd l" -f \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	xxdiff)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" -X --show-merged-pane \
+					-R 'Accel.SaveAsMerged: "Ctrl-S"' \
+					-R 'Accel.Search: "Ctrl+F"' \
+					-R 'Accel.SearchForward: "Ctrl-G"' \
+					--merged-file "$MERGED" \
+					"$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" -X $extra \
+					-R 'Accel.SaveAsMerged: "Ctrl-S"' \
+					-R 'Accel.Search: "Ctrl+F"' \
+					-R 'Accel.SearchForward: "Ctrl-G"' \
+					--merged-file "$MERGED" \
+					"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+			fi
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-R 'Accel.Search: "Ctrl+F"' \
+				-R 'Accel.SearchForward: "Ctrl-G"' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	opendiff)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+					-ancestor "$BASE" \
+					-merge "$MERGED" | cat
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+					-merge "$MERGED" | cat
+			fi
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" | cat
+		fi
+		;;
+	ecmerge)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+					--default --mode=merge3 --to="$MERGED"
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+					--default --mode=merge2 --to="$MERGED"
+			fi
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" --default --mode=diff2 \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	emerge)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" \
+					-f emerge-files-with-ancestor-command \
+					"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" \
+					"$(basename "$MERGED")"
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" \
+					-f emerge-files-command \
+					"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+					"$(basename "$MERGED")"
+			fi
+			status=$?
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f emerge-files-command \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+		fi
+		;;
+	tortoisemerge)
+		if $base_present; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			echo "TortoiseMerge cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
+			status=1
+		fi
+		;;
+	araxis)
+		if merge_mode; then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			if $base_present; then
+				"$merge_tool_path" -wait -merge -3 -a1 \
+					"$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED" \
+					>/dev/null 2>&1
+			else
+				"$merge_tool_path" -wait -2 \
+					"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED" \
+					>/dev/null 2>&1
+			fi
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -wait -2 "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+				>/dev/null 2>&1
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
+		if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"; then
+			if merge_mode; then
+				status=1
+			fi
+			break
+		fi
+		if merge_mode; then
+			trust_exit_code="$(git config --bool \
+				mergetool."$1".trustExitCode || echo false)"
+			if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"; then
+				touch "$BACKUP"
+				( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+				check_unchanged
+			else
+				( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+				status=$?
+			fi
+		else
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+	return $status
+}
+
+guess_merge_tool () {
+	if merge_mode; then
+		tools="tortoisemerge"
+	else
+		tools="kompare"
+	fi
+	if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
+		if test -n "$GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" ; then
+			tools="meld opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff $tools"
+		else
+			tools="opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff meld $tools"
+		fi
+		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse ecmerge p4merge araxis"
+	fi
+	case "${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}" in
+	*vim*)
+		tools="$tools vimdiff emerge"
+		;;
+	*)
+		tools="$tools emerge vimdiff"
+		;;
+	esac
+	echo >&2 "merge tool candidates: $tools"
+
+	# Loop over each candidate and stop when a valid merge tool is found.
+	for i in $tools
+	do
+		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")"
+		if type "$merge_tool_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+			echo "$i"
+			return 0
+		fi
+	done
+
+	echo >&2 "No known merge resolution program available."
+	return 1
+}
+
+get_configured_merge_tool () {
+	# Diff mode first tries diff.tool and falls back to merge.tool.
+	# Merge mode only checks merge.tool
+	if diff_mode; then
+		merge_tool=$(git config diff.tool || git config merge.tool)
+	else
+		merge_tool=$(git config merge.tool)
+	fi
+	if test -n "$merge_tool" && ! valid_tool "$merge_tool"; then
+		echo >&2 "git config option $TOOL_MODE.tool set to unknown tool: $merge_tool"
+		echo >&2 "Resetting to default..."
+		return 1
+	fi
+	echo "$merge_tool"
+}
+
+get_merge_tool_path () {
+	# A merge tool has been set, so verify that it's valid.
+	if test -n "$1"; then
+		merge_tool="$1"
+	else
+		merge_tool="$(get_merge_tool)"
+	fi
+	if ! valid_tool "$merge_tool"; then
+		echo >&2 "Unknown merge tool $merge_tool"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	if diff_mode; then
+		merge_tool_path=$(git config difftool."$merge_tool".path ||
+		                  git config mergetool."$merge_tool".path)
+	else
+		merge_tool_path=$(git config mergetool."$merge_tool".path)
+	fi
+	if test -z "$merge_tool_path"; then
+		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")"
+	fi
+	if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$merge_tool")" &&
+	! type "$merge_tool_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+		echo >&2 "The $TOOL_MODE tool $merge_tool is not available as"\
+		         "'$merge_tool_path'"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	echo "$merge_tool_path"
+}
+
+get_merge_tool () {
+	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
+	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
+	if test -z "$merge_tool"; then
+		merge_tool="$(guess_merge_tool)" || exit
+	fi
+	echo "$merge_tool"
+}
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b52a741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# This program resolves merge conflicts in git
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Theodore Y. Ts'o
+#
+# This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
+# at the discretion of Junio C Hamano.
+#
+
+USAGE='[--tool=tool] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+TOOL_MODE=merge
+. git-sh-setup
+. git-mergetool--lib
+require_work_tree
+
+# Returns true if the mode reflects a symlink
+is_symlink () {
+    test "$1" = 120000
+}
+
+local_present () {
+    test -n "$local_mode"
+}
+
+remote_present () {
+    test -n "$remote_mode"
+}
+
+base_present () {
+    test -n "$base_mode"
+}
+
+cleanup_temp_files () {
+    if test "$1" = --save-backup ; then
+	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
+    else
+	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
+    fi
+}
+
+describe_file () {
+    mode="$1"
+    branch="$2"
+    file="$3"
+
+    printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
+    if test -z "$mode"; then
+	echo "deleted"
+    elif is_symlink "$mode" ; then
+	echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
+    else
+	if base_present; then
+	    echo "modified"
+	else
+	    echo "created"
+	fi
+    fi
+}
+
+
+resolve_symlink_merge () {
+    while true; do
+	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+	read ans
+	case "$ans" in
+	    [lL]*)
+		git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+		git add -- "$MERGED"
+		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+		return 0
+		;;
+	    [rR]*)
+		git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+		git add -- "$MERGED"
+		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+		return 0
+		;;
+	    [aA]*)
+		return 1
+		;;
+	    esac
+	done
+}
+
+resolve_deleted_merge () {
+    while true; do
+	if base_present; then
+	    printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+	else
+	    printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+	fi
+	read ans
+	case "$ans" in
+	    [mMcC]*)
+		git add -- "$MERGED"
+		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+		return 0
+		;;
+	    [dD]*)
+		git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
+		cleanup_temp_files
+		return 0
+		;;
+	    [aA]*)
+		return 1
+		;;
+	    esac
+	done
+}
+
+checkout_staged_file () {
+    tmpfile=$(expr "$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2")" : '\([^	]*\)	')
+
+    if test $? -eq 0 -a -n "$tmpfile" ; then
+	mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
+    fi
+}
+
+merge_file () {
+    MERGED="$1"
+
+    f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
+    if test -z "$f" ; then
+	if test ! -f "$MERGED" ; then
+	    echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+	else
+	    echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
+	fi
+	return 1
+    fi
+
+    ext="$$$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')"
+    BACKUP="./$MERGED.BACKUP.$ext"
+    LOCAL="./$MERGED.LOCAL.$ext"
+    REMOTE="./$MERGED.REMOTE.$ext"
+    BASE="./$MERGED.BASE.$ext"
+
+    mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+    cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
+
+    base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
+    local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
+    remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
+
+    base_present   && checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
+    local_present  && checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
+    remote_present && checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+
+    if test -z "$local_mode" -o -z "$remote_mode"; then
+	echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+	resolve_deleted_merge
+	return
+    fi
+
+    if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"; then
+	echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+	resolve_symlink_merge
+	return
+    fi
+
+    echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+    describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+    describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+    if "$prompt" = true; then
+	printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
+	read ans
+    fi
+
+    if base_present; then
+	    present=true
+    else
+	    present=false
+    fi
+
+    if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"; then
+	echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
+	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
+
+	if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"; then
+	    cleanup_temp_files
+	fi
+
+	return 1
+    fi
+
+    if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"; then
+	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+    else
+	rm -- "$BACKUP"
+    fi
+
+    git add -- "$MERGED"
+    cleanup_temp_files
+    return 0
+}
+
+prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+    case "$1" in
+	-t|--tool*)
+	    case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+		    merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		    ;;
+		1,*)
+		    usage ;;
+		*)
+		    merge_tool="$2"
+		    shift ;;
+	    esac
+	    ;;
+	-y|--no-prompt)
+	    prompt=false
+	    ;;
+	--prompt)
+	    prompt=true
+	    ;;
+	--)
+	    shift
+	    break
+	    ;;
+	-*)
+	    usage
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    break
+	    ;;
+    esac
+    shift
+done
+
+prompt_after_failed_merge() {
+    while true; do
+	printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths (y/n) ? "
+	read ans
+	case "$ans" in
+
+	    [yY]*)
+		return 0
+		;;
+
+	    [nN]*)
+		return 1
+		;;
+	esac
+    done
+}
+
+if test -z "$merge_tool"; then
+    merge_tool=$(get_merge_tool "$merge_tool") || exit
+fi
+merge_keep_backup="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepBackup || echo true)"
+merge_keep_temporaries="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepTemporaries || echo false)"
+
+last_status=0
+rollup_status=0
+
+if test $# -eq 0 ; then
+    files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+    if test -z "$files" ; then
+	echo "No files need merging"
+	exit 0
+    fi
+    echo Merging the files: "$files"
+    git ls-files -u |
+    sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' |
+    sort -u |
+    while IFS= read i
+    do
+	if test $last_status -ne 0; then
+	    prompt_after_failed_merge < /dev/tty || exit 1
+	fi
+	printf "\n"
+	merge_file "$i" < /dev/tty > /dev/tty
+	last_status=$?
+	if test $last_status -ne 0; then
+	    rollup_status=1
+	fi
+    done
+else
+    while test $# -gt 0; do
+	if test $last_status -ne 0; then
+	    prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
+	fi
+	printf "\n"
+	merge_file "$1"
+	last_status=$?
+	if test $last_status -ne 0; then
+	    rollup_status=1
+	fi
+	shift
+    done
+fi
+
+exit $rollup_status
diff --git a/git-notes.sh b/git-notes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e642e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-notes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE="(edit [-F <file> | -m <msg>] | show) [commit]"
+. git-sh-setup
+
+test -z "$1" && usage
+ACTION="$1"; shift
+
+test -z "$GIT_NOTES_REF" && GIT_NOTES_REF="$(git config core.notesref)"
+test -z "$GIT_NOTES_REF" && GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/commits"
+
+MESSAGE=
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-m)
+		test "$ACTION" = "edit" || usage
+		shift
+		if test "$#" = "0"; then
+			die "error: option -m needs an argument"
+		else
+			if [ -z "$MESSAGE" ]; then
+				MESSAGE="$1"
+			else
+				MESSAGE="$MESSAGE
+
+$1"
+			fi
+			shift
+		fi
+		;;
+	-F)
+		test "$ACTION" = "edit" || usage
+		shift
+		if test "$#" = "0"; then
+			die "error: option -F needs an argument"
+		else
+			if [ -z "$MESSAGE" ]; then
+				MESSAGE="$(cat "$1")"
+			else
+				MESSAGE="$MESSAGE
+
+$(cat "$1")"
+			fi
+			shift
+		fi
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
+COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --verify --default HEAD "$@") ||
+die "Invalid commit: $@"
+
+case "$ACTION" in
+edit)
+	if [ "${GIT_NOTES_REF#refs/notes/}" = "$GIT_NOTES_REF" ]; then
+		die "Refusing to edit notes in $GIT_NOTES_REF (outside of refs/notes/)"
+	fi
+
+	MSG_FILE="$GIT_DIR/new-notes-$COMMIT"
+	GIT_INDEX_FILE="$MSG_FILE.idx"
+	export GIT_INDEX_FILE
+
+	trap '
+		test -f "$MSG_FILE" && rm "$MSG_FILE"
+		test -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE" && rm "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
+	' 0
+
+	CURRENT_HEAD=$(git show-ref "$GIT_NOTES_REF" | cut -f 1 -d ' ')
+	if [ -z "$CURRENT_HEAD" ]; then
+		PARENT=
+	else
+		PARENT="-p $CURRENT_HEAD"
+		git read-tree "$GIT_NOTES_REF" || die "Could not read index"
+	fi
+
+	if [ -z "$MESSAGE" ]; then
+		GIT_NOTES_REF= git log -1 $COMMIT | sed "s/^/#/" > "$MSG_FILE"
+		if [ ! -z "$CURRENT_HEAD" ]; then
+			git cat-file blob :$COMMIT >> "$MSG_FILE" 2> /dev/null
+		fi
+		core_editor="$(git config core.editor)"
+		${GIT_EDITOR:-${core_editor:-${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}}}} "$MSG_FILE"
+	else
+		echo "$MESSAGE" > "$MSG_FILE"
+	fi
+
+	grep -v ^# < "$MSG_FILE" | git stripspace > "$MSG_FILE".processed
+	mv "$MSG_FILE".processed "$MSG_FILE"
+	if [ -s "$MSG_FILE" ]; then
+		BLOB=$(git hash-object -w "$MSG_FILE") ||
+			die "Could not write into object database"
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 0644 $BLOB $COMMIT ||
+			die "Could not write index"
+	else
+		test -z "$CURRENT_HEAD" &&
+			die "Will not initialise with empty tree"
+		git update-index --force-remove $COMMIT ||
+			die "Could not update index"
+	fi
+
+	TREE=$(git write-tree) || die "Could not write tree"
+	NEW_HEAD=$(echo Annotate $COMMIT | git commit-tree $TREE $PARENT) ||
+		die "Could not annotate"
+	git update-ref -m "Annotate $COMMIT" \
+		"$GIT_NOTES_REF" $NEW_HEAD $CURRENT_HEAD
+;;
+show)
+	git rev-parse -q --verify "$GIT_NOTES_REF":$COMMIT > /dev/null ||
+		die "No note for commit $COMMIT."
+	git show "$GIT_NOTES_REF":$COMMIT
+;;
+*)
+	usage
+esac
diff --git a/git-parse-remote.sh b/git-parse-remote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5f47b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-parse-remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# git-ls-remote could be called from outside a git managed repository;
+# this would fail in that case and would issue an error message.
+GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse -q --git-dir) || :;
+
+get_data_source () {
+	case "$1" in
+	*/*)
+		echo ''
+		;;
+	.)
+		echo self
+		;;
+	*)
+		if test "$(git config --get "remote.$1.url")"
+		then
+			echo config
+		elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/remotes/$1"
+		then
+			echo remotes
+		elif test -f "$GIT_DIR/branches/$1"
+		then
+			echo branches
+		else
+			echo ''
+		fi ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+get_remote_url () {
+	data_source=$(get_data_source "$1")
+	case "$data_source" in
+	'')
+		echo "$1"
+		;;
+	self)
+		echo "$1"
+		;;
+	config)
+		git config --get "remote.$1.url"
+		;;
+	remotes)
+		sed -ne '/^URL: */{
+			s///p
+			q
+		}' "$GIT_DIR/remotes/$1"
+		;;
+	branches)
+		sed -e 's/#.*//' "$GIT_DIR/branches/$1"
+		;;
+	*)
+		die "internal error: get-remote-url $1" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+get_default_remote () {
+	curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD | sed -e 's|^refs/heads/||')
+	origin=$(git config --get "branch.$curr_branch.remote")
+	echo ${origin:-origin}
+}
+
+get_remote_merge_branch () {
+	case "$#" in
+	0|1)
+	    origin="$1"
+	    default=$(get_default_remote)
+	    test -z "$origin" && origin=$default
+	    curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+	    [ "$origin" = "$default" ] &&
+	    echo $(git for-each-ref --format='%(upstream)' $curr_branch)
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    repo=$1
+	    shift
+	    ref=$1
+	    # FIXME: It should return the tracking branch
+	    #        Currently only works with the default mapping
+	    case "$ref" in
+	    +*)
+		ref=$(expr "z$ref" : 'z+\(.*\)')
+		;;
+	    esac
+	    expr "z$ref" : 'z.*:' >/dev/null || ref="${ref}:"
+	    remote=$(expr "z$ref" : 'z\([^:]*\):')
+	    case "$remote" in
+	    '' | HEAD ) remote=HEAD ;;
+	    heads/*) remote=${remote#heads/} ;;
+	    refs/heads/*) remote=${remote#refs/heads/} ;;
+	    refs/* | tags/* | remotes/* ) remote=
+	    esac
+
+	    [ -n "$remote" ] && echo "refs/remotes/$repo/$remote"
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..38331a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
+
+USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
+LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+set_reflog_action "pull $*"
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+
+die_conflict () {
+    git diff-index --cached --name-status -r --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+    if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
+	die "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.
+Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'
+as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+    else
+	die "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+    fi
+}
+
+die_merge () {
+    if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
+	die "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).
+Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+    else
+	die "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+    fi
+}
+
+test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" || die_conflict
+test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
+
+strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
+log_arg= verbosity=
+merge_args=
+curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+curr_branch_short=$(echo "$curr_branch" | sed "s|refs/heads/||")
+rebase=$(git config --bool branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
+while :
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-q|--quiet)
+		verbosity="$verbosity -q" ;;
+	-v|--verbose)
+		verbosity="$verbosity -v" ;;
+	-n|--no-stat|--no-summary)
+		diffstat=--no-stat ;;
+	--stat|--summary)
+		diffstat=--stat ;;
+	--log|--no-log)
+		log_arg=$1 ;;
+	--no-c|--no-co|--no-com|--no-comm|--no-commi|--no-commit)
+		no_commit=--no-commit ;;
+	--c|--co|--com|--comm|--commi|--commit)
+		no_commit=--commit ;;
+	--sq|--squ|--squa|--squas|--squash)
+		squash=--squash ;;
+	--no-sq|--no-squ|--no-squa|--no-squas|--no-squash)
+		squash=--no-squash ;;
+	--ff)
+		no_ff=--ff ;;
+	--no-ff)
+		no_ff=--no-ff ;;
+	--ff-only)
+		ff_only=--ff-only ;;
+	-s=*|--s=*|--st=*|--str=*|--stra=*|--strat=*|--strate=*|\
+		--strateg=*|--strategy=*|\
+	-s|--s|--st|--str|--stra|--strat|--strate|--strateg|--strategy)
+		case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+			strategy=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'` ;;
+		1,*)
+			usage ;;
+		*)
+			strategy="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		strategy_args="${strategy_args}-s $strategy "
+		;;
+	-X*)
+		case "$#,$1" in
+		1,-X)
+			usage ;;
+		*,-X)
+			xx="-X $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$2")"
+			shift ;;
+		*,*)
+			xx=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1") ;;
+		esac
+		merge_args="$merge_args$xx "
+		;;
+	-r|--r|--re|--reb|--reba|--rebas|--rebase)
+		rebase=true
+		;;
+	--no-r|--no-re|--no-reb|--no-reba|--no-rebas|--no-rebase)
+		rebase=false
+		;;
+	-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		# Pass thru anything that may be meant for fetch.
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
+	exec >&2
+	for opt
+	do
+		case "$opt" in
+		-t|--t|--ta|--tag|--tags)
+			echo "Fetching tags only, you probably meant:"
+			echo "  git fetch --tags"
+			exit 1
+		esac
+	done
+
+	if test true = "$rebase"
+	then
+		op_type=rebase
+		op_prep=against
+	else
+		op_type=merge
+		op_prep=with
+	fi
+
+	curr_branch=${curr_branch#refs/heads/}
+	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.merge")
+	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.remote")
+
+	if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
+		if [ "$rebase" = true ]; then
+			printf "There is no candidate for rebasing against "
+		else
+			printf "There are no candidates for merging "
+		fi
+		echo "among the refs that you just fetched."
+		echo "Generally this means that you provided a wildcard refspec which had no"
+		echo "matches on the remote end."
+	elif [ $# -gt 0 ] && [ "$1" != "$remote" ]; then
+		echo "You asked to pull from the remote '$1', but did not specify"
+		echo "a branch. Because this is not the default configured remote"
+		echo "for your current branch, you must specify a branch on the command line."
+	elif [ -z "$curr_branch" ]; then
+		echo "You are not currently on a branch, so I cannot use any"
+		echo "'branch.<branchname>.merge' in your configuration file."
+		echo "Please specify which remote branch you want to use on the command"
+		echo "line and try again (e.g. 'git pull <repository> <refspec>')."
+		echo "See git-pull(1) for details."
+	elif [ -z "$upstream" ]; then
+		echo "You asked me to pull without telling me which branch you"
+		echo "want to $op_type $op_prep, and 'branch.${curr_branch}.merge' in"
+		echo "your configuration file does not tell me, either. Please"
+		echo "specify which branch you want to use on the command line and"
+		echo "try again (e.g. 'git pull <repository> <refspec>')."
+		echo "See git-pull(1) for details."
+		echo
+		echo "If you often $op_type $op_prep the same branch, you may want to"
+		echo "use something like the following in your configuration file:"
+		echo
+		echo "    [branch \"${curr_branch}\"]"
+		echo "    remote = <nickname>"
+		echo "    merge = <remote-ref>"
+		test rebase = "$op_type" &&
+			echo "    rebase = true"
+		echo
+		echo "    [remote \"<nickname>\"]"
+		echo "    url = <url>"
+		echo "    fetch = <refspec>"
+		echo
+		echo "See git-config(1) for details."
+	else
+		echo "Your configuration specifies to $op_type $op_prep the ref '${upstream#refs/heads/}'"
+		echo "from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
+	fi
+	exit 1
+}
+
+test true = "$rebase" && {
+	if ! git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD >/dev/null
+	then
+		# On an unborn branch
+		if test -f "$GIT_DIR/index"
+		then
+			die "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+		fi
+	else
+		git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
+		git diff-files --ignore-submodules --quiet &&
+		git diff-index --ignore-submodules --cached --quiet HEAD -- ||
+		die "refusing to pull with rebase: your working tree is not up-to-date"
+	fi
+	oldremoteref= &&
+	. git-parse-remote &&
+	remoteref="$(get_remote_merge_branch "$@" 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	oldremoteref="$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$remoteref")" &&
+	for reflog in $(git rev-list -g $remoteref 2>/dev/null)
+	do
+		if test "$reflog" = "$(git merge-base $reflog $curr_branch)"
+		then
+			oldremoteref="$reflog"
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+}
+orig_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
+git fetch $verbosity --update-head-ok "$@" || exit 1
+
+curr_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
+if test -n "$orig_head" && test "$curr_head" != "$orig_head"
+then
+	# The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+
+	# The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+	# $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+	# First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+
+	echo >&2 "Warning: fetch updated the current branch head."
+	echo >&2 "Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from"
+	echo >&2 "Warning: commit $orig_head."
+	git update-index -q --refresh
+	git read-tree -u -m "$orig_head" "$curr_head" ||
+		die 'Cannot fast-forward your working tree.
+After making sure that you saved anything precious from
+$ git diff '$orig_head'
+output, run
+$ git reset --hard
+to recover.'
+
+fi
+
+merge_head=$(sed -e '/	not-for-merge	/d' \
+	-e 's/	.*//' "$GIT_DIR"/FETCH_HEAD | \
+	tr '\012' ' ')
+
+case "$merge_head" in
+'')
+	error_on_no_merge_candidates "$@"
+	;;
+?*' '?*)
+	if test -z "$orig_head"
+	then
+		die "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+	fi
+	if test true = "$rebase"
+	then
+		die "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
+
+if test -z "$orig_head"
+then
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head" &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD || exit 1
+	exit
+fi
+
+merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
+case "$rebase" in
+true)
+	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args"
+	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
+	;;
+*)
+	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
+	eval="$eval  $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args"
+	eval="$eval \"\$merge_name\" HEAD $merge_head $verbosity"
+	;;
+esac
+eval "exec $eval"
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.sh b/git-quiltimport.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a6ba2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git quiltimport [options]
+--
+n,dry-run     dry run
+author=       author name and email address for patches without any
+patches=      path to the quilt series and patches
+"
+SUBDIRECTORY_ON=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+
+dry_run=""
+quilt_author=""
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--author)
+		shift
+		quilt_author="$1"
+		;;
+	-n|--dry-run)
+		dry_run=1
+		;;
+	--patches)
+		shift
+		QUILT_PATCHES="$1"
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		break;;
+	*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+# Quilt Author
+if [ -n "$quilt_author" ] ; then
+	quilt_author_name=$(expr "z$quilt_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*') &&
+	quilt_author_email=$(expr "z$quilt_author" : '.*<\([^>]*\)') &&
+	test '' != "$quilt_author_name" &&
+	test '' != "$quilt_author_email" ||
+	die "malformed --author parameter"
+fi
+
+# Quilt patch directory
+: ${QUILT_PATCHES:=patches}
+if ! [ -d "$QUILT_PATCHES" ] ; then
+	echo "The \"$QUILT_PATCHES\" directory does not exist."
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Temporary directories
+tmp_dir="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
+tmp_msg="$tmp_dir/msg"
+tmp_patch="$tmp_dir/patch"
+tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
+
+
+# Find the intial commit
+commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
+while read patch_name level garbage <&3
+do
+	case "$patch_name" in ''|'#'*) continue;; esac
+	case "$level" in
+	-p*)	;;
+	''|'#'*)
+		level=;;
+	*)
+		echo "unable to parse patch level, ignoring it."
+		level=;;
+	esac
+	case "$garbage" in
+	''|'#'*);;
+	*)
+		echo "trailing garbage found in series file: $garbage"
+		exit 1;;
+	esac
+	if ! [ -f "$QUILT_PATCHES/$patch_name" ] ; then
+		echo "$patch_name doesn't exist. Skipping."
+		continue
+	fi
+	echo $patch_name
+	git mailinfo "$tmp_msg" "$tmp_patch" \
+		<"$QUILT_PATCHES/$patch_name" >"$tmp_info" || exit 3
+	test -s "$tmp_patch" || {
+		echo "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?"
+		exit 1
+	}
+
+	# Parse the author information
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$(sed -ne 's/Author: //p' "$tmp_info")
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$(sed -ne 's/Email: //p' "$tmp_info")
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	while test -z "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" && test -z "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" ; do
+		if [ -n "$quilt_author" ] ; then
+			GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="$quilt_author_name";
+			GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$quilt_author_email";
+		elif [ -n "$dry_run" ]; then
+			echo "No author found in $patch_name" >&2;
+			GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="dry-run-not-found";
+			GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="dry-run-not-found";
+		else
+			echo "No author found in $patch_name" >&2;
+			echo "---"
+			cat $tmp_msg
+			printf "Author: ";
+			read patch_author
+
+			echo "$patch_author"
+
+			patch_author_name=$(expr "z$patch_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*') &&
+			patch_author_email=$(expr "z$patch_author" : '.*<\([^>]*\)') &&
+			test '' != "$patch_author_name" &&
+			test '' != "$patch_author_email" &&
+			GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="$patch_author_name" &&
+			GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$patch_author_email"
+		fi
+	done
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=$(sed -ne 's/Date: //p' "$tmp_info")
+	SUBJECT=$(sed -ne 's/Subject: //p' "$tmp_info")
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE SUBJECT
+	if [ -z "$SUBJECT" ] ; then
+		SUBJECT=$(echo $patch_name | sed -e 's/.patch$//')
+	fi
+
+	if [ -z "$dry_run" ] ; then
+		git apply --index -C1 ${level:+"$level"} "$tmp_patch" &&
+		tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+		commit=$( (echo "$SUBJECT"; echo; cat "$tmp_msg") | git commit-tree $tree -p $commit) &&
+		git update-ref -m "quiltimport: $patch_name" HEAD $commit || exit 4
+	fi
+done 3<"$QUILT_PATCHES/series"
+rm -rf $tmp_dir || exit 5
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3e4fd14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Johannes E. Schindelin
+
+# SHORT DESCRIPTION
+#
+# This script makes it easy to fix up commits in the middle of a series,
+# and rearrange commits.
+#
+# The original idea comes from Eric W. Biederman, in
+# http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/22407
+
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git-rebase [-i] [options] [--] <upstream> [<branch>]
+git-rebase [-i] (--continue | --abort | --skip)
+--
+ Available options are
+v,verbose          display a diffstat of what changed upstream
+onto=              rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
+p,preserve-merges  try to recreate merges instead of ignoring them
+s,strategy=        use the given merge strategy
+m,merge            always used (no-op)
+i,interactive      always used (no-op)
+ Actions:
+continue           continue rebasing process
+abort              abort rebasing process and restore original branch
+skip               skip current patch and continue rebasing process
+no-verify          override pre-rebase hook from stopping the operation
+root               rebase all reachable commmits up to the root(s)
+autosquash         move commits that begin with squash!/fixup! under -i
+"
+
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+
+DOTEST="$GIT_DIR/rebase-merge"
+
+# The file containing rebase commands, comments, and empty lines.
+# This file is created by "git rebase -i" then edited by the user.  As
+# the lines are processed, they are removed from the front of this
+# file and written to the tail of $DONE.
+TODO="$DOTEST"/git-rebase-todo
+
+# The rebase command lines that have already been processed.  A line
+# is moved here when it is first handled, before any associated user
+# actions.
+DONE="$DOTEST"/done
+
+# The commit message that is planned to be used for any changes that
+# need to be committed following a user interaction.
+MSG="$DOTEST"/message
+
+# The file into which is accumulated the suggested commit message for
+# squash/fixup commands.  When the first of a series of squash/fixups
+# is seen, the file is created and the commit message from the
+# previous commit and from the first squash/fixup commit are written
+# to it.  The commit message for each subsequent squash/fixup commit
+# is appended to the file as it is processed.
+#
+# The first line of the file is of the form
+#     # This is a combination of $COUNT commits.
+# where $COUNT is the number of commits whose messages have been
+# written to the file so far (including the initial "pick" commit).
+# Each time that a commit message is processed, this line is read and
+# updated.  It is deleted just before the combined commit is made.
+SQUASH_MSG="$DOTEST"/message-squash
+
+# If the current series of squash/fixups has not yet included a squash
+# command, then this file exists and holds the commit message of the
+# original "pick" commit.  (If the series ends without a "squash"
+# command, then this can be used as the commit message of the combined
+# commit without opening the editor.)
+FIXUP_MSG="$DOTEST"/message-fixup
+
+# $REWRITTEN is the name of a directory containing files for each
+# commit that is reachable by at least one merge base of $HEAD and
+# $UPSTREAM. They are not necessarily rewritten, but their children
+# might be.  This ensures that commits on merged, but otherwise
+# unrelated side branches are left alone. (Think "X" in the man page's
+# example.)
+REWRITTEN="$DOTEST"/rewritten
+
+DROPPED="$DOTEST"/dropped
+
+# A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
+# GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
+# being rebased.
+AUTHOR_SCRIPT="$DOTEST"/author-script
+
+# When an "edit" rebase command is being processed, the SHA1 of the
+# commit to be edited is recorded in this file.  When "git rebase
+# --continue" is executed, if there are any staged changes then they
+# will be amended to the HEAD commit, but only provided the HEAD
+# commit is still the commit to be edited.  When any other rebase
+# command is processed, this file is deleted.
+AMEND="$DOTEST"/amend
+
+PRESERVE_MERGES=
+STRATEGY=
+ONTO=
+VERBOSE=
+OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=
+REBASE_ROOT=
+AUTOSQUASH=
+
+GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="  After resolving the conflicts,
+mark the corrected paths with 'git add <paths>', and
+run 'git rebase --continue'"
+export GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
+
+warn () {
+	echo "$*" >&2
+}
+
+output () {
+	case "$VERBOSE" in
+	'')
+		output=$("$@" 2>&1 )
+		status=$?
+		test $status != 0 && printf "%s\n" "$output"
+		return $status
+		;;
+	*)
+		"$@"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+# Output the commit message for the specified commit.
+commit_message () {
+	git cat-file commit "$1" | sed "1,/^$/d"
+}
+
+run_pre_rebase_hook () {
+	if test -z "$OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE" &&
+	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase" ${1+"$@"} || {
+			echo >&2 "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+			exit 1
+		}
+	fi
+}
+
+require_clean_work_tree () {
+	# test if working tree is dirty
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD > /dev/null &&
+	git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules &&
+	git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD --ignore-submodules -- ||
+	die "Working tree is dirty"
+}
+
+ORIG_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
+
+comment_for_reflog () {
+	case "$ORIG_REFLOG_ACTION" in
+	''|rebase*)
+		GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="rebase -i ($1)"
+		export GIT_REFLOG_ACTION
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+last_count=
+mark_action_done () {
+	sed -e 1q < "$TODO" >> "$DONE"
+	sed -e 1d < "$TODO" >> "$TODO".new
+	mv -f "$TODO".new "$TODO"
+	count=$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$DONE")
+	total=$(($count+$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$TODO")))
+	if test "$last_count" != "$count"
+	then
+		last_count=$count
+		printf "Rebasing (%d/%d)\r" $count $total
+		test -z "$VERBOSE" || echo
+	fi
+}
+
+make_patch () {
+	sha1_and_parents="$(git rev-list --parents -1 "$1")"
+	case "$sha1_and_parents" in
+	?*' '?*' '?*)
+		git diff --cc $sha1_and_parents
+		;;
+	?*' '?*)
+		git diff-tree -p "$1^!"
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Root commit"
+		;;
+	esac > "$DOTEST"/patch
+	test -f "$MSG" ||
+		commit_message "$1" > "$MSG"
+	test -f "$AUTHOR_SCRIPT" ||
+		get_author_ident_from_commit "$1" > "$AUTHOR_SCRIPT"
+}
+
+die_with_patch () {
+	make_patch "$1"
+	git rerere
+	die "$2"
+}
+
+die_abort () {
+	rm -rf "$DOTEST"
+	die "$1"
+}
+
+has_action () {
+	sane_grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
+}
+
+# Run command with GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
+# GIT_AUTHOR_DATE exported from the current environment.
+do_with_author () {
+	(
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+		"$@"
+	)
+}
+
+pick_one () {
+	no_ff=
+	case "$1" in -n) sha1=$2; no_ff=t ;; *) sha1=$1 ;; esac
+	output git rev-parse --verify $sha1 || die "Invalid commit name: $sha1"
+	test -d "$REWRITTEN" &&
+		pick_one_preserving_merges "$@" && return
+	if test -n "$REBASE_ROOT"
+	then
+		output git cherry-pick "$@"
+		return
+	fi
+	parent_sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify $sha1^) ||
+		die "Could not get the parent of $sha1"
+	current_sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	if test -z "$no_ff" && test "$current_sha1" = "$parent_sha1"
+	then
+		output git reset --hard $sha1
+		output warn Fast-forward to $(git rev-parse --short $sha1)
+	else
+		output git cherry-pick "$@"
+	fi
+}
+
+pick_one_preserving_merges () {
+	fast_forward=t
+	case "$1" in
+	-n)
+		fast_forward=f
+		sha1=$2
+		;;
+	*)
+		sha1=$1
+		;;
+	esac
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse $sha1)
+
+	if test -f "$DOTEST"/current-commit
+	then
+		if test "$fast_forward" = t
+		then
+			cat "$DOTEST"/current-commit | while read current_commit
+			do
+				git rev-parse HEAD > "$REWRITTEN"/$current_commit
+			done
+			rm "$DOTEST"/current-commit ||
+			die "Cannot write current commit's replacement sha1"
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	echo $sha1 >> "$DOTEST"/current-commit
+
+	# rewrite parents; if none were rewritten, we can fast-forward.
+	new_parents=
+	pend=" $(git rev-list --parents -1 $sha1 | cut -d' ' -s -f2-)"
+	if test "$pend" = " "
+	then
+		pend=" root"
+	fi
+	while [ "$pend" != "" ]
+	do
+		p=$(expr "$pend" : ' \([^ ]*\)')
+		pend="${pend# $p}"
+
+		if test -f "$REWRITTEN"/$p
+		then
+			new_p=$(cat "$REWRITTEN"/$p)
+
+			# If the todo reordered commits, and our parent is marked for
+			# rewriting, but hasn't been gotten to yet, assume the user meant to
+			# drop it on top of the current HEAD
+			if test -z "$new_p"
+			then
+				new_p=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+			fi
+
+			test $p != $new_p && fast_forward=f
+			case "$new_parents" in
+			*$new_p*)
+				;; # do nothing; that parent is already there
+			*)
+				new_parents="$new_parents $new_p"
+				;;
+			esac
+		else
+			if test -f "$DROPPED"/$p
+			then
+				fast_forward=f
+				replacement="$(cat "$DROPPED"/$p)"
+				test -z "$replacement" && replacement=root
+				pend=" $replacement$pend"
+			else
+				new_parents="$new_parents $p"
+			fi
+		fi
+	done
+	case $fast_forward in
+	t)
+		output warn "Fast-forward to $sha1"
+		output git reset --hard $sha1 ||
+			die "Cannot fast-forward to $sha1"
+		;;
+	f)
+		first_parent=$(expr "$new_parents" : ' \([^ ]*\)')
+
+		if [ "$1" != "-n" ]
+		then
+			# detach HEAD to current parent
+			output git checkout $first_parent 2> /dev/null ||
+				die "Cannot move HEAD to $first_parent"
+		fi
+
+		case "$new_parents" in
+		' '*' '*)
+			test "a$1" = a-n && die "Refusing to squash a merge: $sha1"
+
+			# redo merge
+			author_script=$(get_author_ident_from_commit $sha1)
+			eval "$author_script"
+			msg="$(commit_message $sha1)"
+			# No point in merging the first parent, that's HEAD
+			new_parents=${new_parents# $first_parent}
+			if ! do_with_author output \
+				git merge $STRATEGY -m "$msg" $new_parents
+			then
+				printf "%s\n" "$msg" > "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
+				die_with_patch $sha1 "Error redoing merge $sha1"
+			fi
+			;;
+		*)
+			output git cherry-pick "$@" ||
+				die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not pick $sha1"
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+nth_string () {
+	case "$1" in
+	*1[0-9]|*[04-9]) echo "$1"th;;
+	*1) echo "$1"st;;
+	*2) echo "$1"nd;;
+	*3) echo "$1"rd;;
+	esac
+}
+
+update_squash_messages () {
+	if test -f "$SQUASH_MSG"; then
+		mv "$SQUASH_MSG" "$SQUASH_MSG".bak || exit
+		COUNT=$(($(sed -n \
+			-e "1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
+			-e "q" < "$SQUASH_MSG".bak)+1))
+		{
+			echo "# This is a combination of $COUNT commits."
+			sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
+				/^$/d
+			}' <"$SQUASH_MSG".bak
+		} >"$SQUASH_MSG"
+	else
+		commit_message HEAD > "$FIXUP_MSG" || die "Cannot write $FIXUP_MSG"
+		COUNT=2
+		{
+			echo "# This is a combination of 2 commits."
+			echo "# The first commit's message is:"
+			echo
+			cat "$FIXUP_MSG"
+		} >"$SQUASH_MSG"
+	fi
+	case $1 in
+	squash)
+		rm -f "$FIXUP_MSG"
+		echo
+		echo "# This is the $(nth_string $COUNT) commit message:"
+		echo
+		commit_message $2
+		;;
+	fixup)
+		echo
+		echo "# The $(nth_string $COUNT) commit message will be skipped:"
+		echo
+		commit_message $2 | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+		;;
+	esac >>"$SQUASH_MSG"
+}
+
+peek_next_command () {
+	sed -n -e "/^#/d" -e '/^$/d' -e "s/ .*//p" -e "q" < "$TODO"
+}
+
+# A squash/fixup has failed.  Prepare the long version of the squash
+# commit message, then die_with_patch.  This code path requires the
+# user to edit the combined commit message for all commits that have
+# been squashed/fixedup so far.  So also erase the old squash
+# messages, effectively causing the combined commit to be used as the
+# new basis for any further squash/fixups.  Args: sha1 rest
+die_failed_squash() {
+	mv "$SQUASH_MSG" "$MSG" || exit
+	rm -f "$FIXUP_MSG"
+	cp "$MSG" "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG || exit
+	warn
+	warn "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	die_with_patch $1 ""
+}
+
+do_next () {
+	rm -f "$MSG" "$AUTHOR_SCRIPT" "$AMEND" || exit
+	read command sha1 rest < "$TODO"
+	case "$command" in
+	'#'*|''|noop)
+		mark_action_done
+		;;
+	pick|p)
+		comment_for_reflog pick
+
+		mark_action_done
+		pick_one $sha1 ||
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		;;
+	reword|r)
+		comment_for_reflog reword
+
+		mark_action_done
+		pick_one $sha1 ||
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		git commit --amend
+		;;
+	edit|e)
+		comment_for_reflog edit
+
+		mark_action_done
+		pick_one $sha1 ||
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		make_patch $sha1
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD > "$AMEND"
+		warn "Stopped at $sha1... $rest"
+		warn "You can amend the commit now, with"
+		warn
+		warn "	git commit --amend"
+		warn
+		warn "Once you are satisfied with your changes, run"
+		warn
+		warn "	git rebase --continue"
+		warn
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	squash|s|fixup|f)
+		case "$command" in
+		squash|s)
+			squash_style=squash
+			;;
+		fixup|f)
+			squash_style=fixup
+			;;
+		esac
+		comment_for_reflog $squash_style
+
+		test -f "$DONE" && has_action "$DONE" ||
+			die "Cannot '$squash_style' without a previous commit"
+
+		mark_action_done
+		update_squash_messages $squash_style $sha1
+		author_script=$(get_author_ident_from_commit HEAD)
+		echo "$author_script" > "$AUTHOR_SCRIPT"
+		eval "$author_script"
+		output git reset --soft HEAD^
+		pick_one -n $sha1 || die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		case "$(peek_next_command)" in
+		squash|s|fixup|f)
+			# This is an intermediate commit; its message will only be
+			# used in case of trouble.  So use the long version:
+			do_with_author output git commit --no-verify -F "$SQUASH_MSG" ||
+				die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+			;;
+		*)
+			# This is the final command of this squash/fixup group
+			if test -f "$FIXUP_MSG"
+			then
+				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$FIXUP_MSG" ||
+					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+			else
+				cp "$SQUASH_MSG" "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG || exit
+				rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
+				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -e ||
+					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+			fi
+			rm -f "$SQUASH_MSG" "$FIXUP_MSG"
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	*)
+		warn "Unknown command: $command $sha1 $rest"
+		if git rev-parse --verify -q "$sha1" >/dev/null
+		then
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "Please fix this in the file $TODO."
+		else
+			die "Please fix this in the file $TODO."
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+	test -s "$TODO" && return
+
+	comment_for_reflog finish &&
+	HEADNAME=$(cat "$DOTEST"/head-name) &&
+	OLDHEAD=$(cat "$DOTEST"/head) &&
+	SHORTONTO=$(git rev-parse --short $(cat "$DOTEST"/onto)) &&
+	NEWHEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	case $HEADNAME in
+	refs/*)
+		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $HEADNAME onto $SHORTONTO" &&
+		git update-ref -m "$message" $HEADNAME $NEWHEAD $OLDHEAD &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD $HEADNAME
+		;;
+	esac && {
+		test ! -f "$DOTEST"/verbose ||
+			git diff-tree --stat $(cat "$DOTEST"/head)..HEAD
+	} &&
+	rm -rf "$DOTEST" &&
+	git gc --auto &&
+	warn "Successfully rebased and updated $HEADNAME."
+
+	exit
+}
+
+do_rest () {
+	while :
+	do
+		do_next
+	done
+}
+
+# skip picking commits whose parents are unchanged
+skip_unnecessary_picks () {
+	fd=3
+	while read command sha1 rest
+	do
+		# fd=3 means we skip the command
+		case "$fd,$command,$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet $sha1^)" in
+		3,pick,"$ONTO"*|3,p,"$ONTO"*)
+			# pick a commit whose parent is current $ONTO -> skip
+			ONTO=$sha1
+			;;
+		3,#*|3,,*)
+			# copy comments
+			;;
+		*)
+			fd=1
+			;;
+		esac
+		echo "$command${sha1:+ }$sha1${rest:+ }$rest" >&$fd
+	done <"$TODO" >"$TODO.new" 3>>"$DONE" &&
+	mv -f "$TODO".new "$TODO" ||
+	die "Could not skip unnecessary pick commands"
+}
+
+# check if no other options are set
+is_standalone () {
+	test $# -eq 2 -a "$2" = '--' &&
+	test -z "$ONTO" &&
+	test -z "$PRESERVE_MERGES" &&
+	test -z "$STRATEGY" &&
+	test -z "$VERBOSE"
+}
+
+get_saved_options () {
+	test -d "$REWRITTEN" && PRESERVE_MERGES=t
+	test -f "$DOTEST"/strategy && STRATEGY="$(cat "$DOTEST"/strategy)"
+	test -f "$DOTEST"/verbose && VERBOSE=t
+	test -f "$DOTEST"/rebase-root && REBASE_ROOT=t
+}
+
+# Rearrange the todo list that has both "pick sha1 msg" and
+# "pick sha1 fixup!/squash! msg" appears in it so that the latter
+# comes immediately after the former, and change "pick" to
+# "fixup"/"squash".
+rearrange_squash () {
+	sed -n -e 's/^pick \([0-9a-f]*\) \(squash\)! /\1 \2 /p' \
+		-e 's/^pick \([0-9a-f]*\) \(fixup\)! /\1 \2 /p' \
+		"$1" >"$1.sq"
+	test -s "$1.sq" || return
+
+	used=
+	while read pick sha1 message
+	do
+		case " $used" in
+		*" $sha1 "*) continue ;;
+		esac
+		echo "$pick $sha1 $message"
+		while read squash action msg
+		do
+			case "$message" in
+			"$msg"*)
+				echo "$action $squash $action! $msg"
+				used="$used$squash "
+				;;
+			esac
+		done <"$1.sq"
+	done >"$1.rearranged" <"$1"
+	cat "$1.rearranged" >"$1"
+	rm -f "$1.sq" "$1.rearranged"
+}
+
+LF='
+'
+parse_onto () {
+	case "$1" in
+	*...*)
+		if	left=${1%...*} right=${1#*...} &&
+			onto=$(git merge-base --all ${left:-HEAD} ${right:-HEAD})
+		then
+			case "$onto" in
+			?*"$LF"?* | '')
+				exit 1 ;;
+			esac
+			echo "$onto"
+			exit 0
+		fi
+	esac
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1^0"
+}
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--no-verify)
+		OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=yes
+		;;
+	--verify)
+		;;
+	--continue)
+		is_standalone "$@" || usage
+		get_saved_options
+		comment_for_reflog continue
+
+		test -d "$DOTEST" || die "No interactive rebase running"
+
+		# Sanity check
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null ||
+			die "Cannot read HEAD"
+		git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
+			git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules ||
+			die "Working tree is dirty"
+
+		# do we have anything to commit?
+		if git diff-index --cached --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+		then
+			: Nothing to commit -- skip this
+		else
+			. "$AUTHOR_SCRIPT" ||
+				die "Cannot find the author identity"
+			amend=
+			if test -f "$AMEND"
+			then
+				amend=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+				test "$amend" = $(cat "$AMEND") ||
+				die "\
+You have uncommitted changes in your working tree. Please, commit them
+first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
+				git reset --soft HEAD^ ||
+				die "Cannot rewind the HEAD"
+			fi
+			do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$MSG" -e || {
+				test -n "$amend" && git reset --soft $amend
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
+			}
+		fi
+
+		require_clean_work_tree
+		do_rest
+		;;
+	--abort)
+		is_standalone "$@" || usage
+		get_saved_options
+		comment_for_reflog abort
+
+		git rerere clear
+		test -d "$DOTEST" || die "No interactive rebase running"
+
+		HEADNAME=$(cat "$DOTEST"/head-name)
+		HEAD=$(cat "$DOTEST"/head)
+		case $HEADNAME in
+		refs/*)
+			git symbolic-ref HEAD $HEADNAME
+			;;
+		esac &&
+		output git reset --hard $HEAD &&
+		rm -rf "$DOTEST"
+		exit
+		;;
+	--skip)
+		is_standalone "$@" || usage
+		get_saved_options
+		comment_for_reflog skip
+
+		git rerere clear
+		test -d "$DOTEST" || die "No interactive rebase running"
+
+		output git reset --hard && do_rest
+		;;
+	-s)
+		case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+			STRATEGY="-s "$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)') ;;
+		1,*)
+			usage ;;
+		*)
+			STRATEGY="-s $2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	-m)
+		# we use merge anyway
+		;;
+	-v)
+		VERBOSE=t
+		;;
+	-p)
+		PRESERVE_MERGES=t
+		;;
+	-i)
+		# yeah, we know
+		;;
+	--root)
+		REBASE_ROOT=t
+		;;
+	--autosquash)
+		AUTOSQUASH=t
+		;;
+	--onto)
+		shift
+		ONTO=$(parse_onto "$1") ||
+			die "Does not point to a valid commit: $1"
+		;;
+	--)
+		shift
+		test -z "$REBASE_ROOT" -a $# -ge 1 -a $# -le 2 ||
+		test ! -z "$REBASE_ROOT" -a $# -le 1 || usage
+		test -d "$DOTEST" &&
+			die "Interactive rebase already started"
+
+		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >/dev/null ||
+			die "You need to set your committer info first"
+
+		if test -z "$REBASE_ROOT"
+		then
+			UPSTREAM_ARG="$1"
+			UPSTREAM=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") || die "Invalid base"
+			test -z "$ONTO" && ONTO=$UPSTREAM
+			shift
+		else
+			UPSTREAM=
+			UPSTREAM_ARG=--root
+			test -z "$ONTO" &&
+				die "You must specify --onto when using --root"
+		fi
+		run_pre_rebase_hook "$UPSTREAM_ARG" "$@"
+
+		comment_for_reflog start
+
+		require_clean_work_tree
+
+		if test ! -z "$1"
+		then
+			output git show-ref --verify --quiet "refs/heads/$1" ||
+				die "Invalid branchname: $1"
+			output git checkout "$1" ||
+				die "Could not checkout $1"
+		fi
+
+		HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || die "No HEAD?"
+		mkdir "$DOTEST" || die "Could not create temporary $DOTEST"
+
+		: > "$DOTEST"/interactive || die "Could not mark as interactive"
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD > "$DOTEST"/head-name 2> /dev/null ||
+			echo "detached HEAD" > "$DOTEST"/head-name
+
+		echo $HEAD > "$DOTEST"/head
+		case "$REBASE_ROOT" in
+		'')
+			rm -f "$DOTEST"/rebase-root ;;
+		*)
+			: >"$DOTEST"/rebase-root ;;
+		esac
+		echo $ONTO > "$DOTEST"/onto
+		test -z "$STRATEGY" || echo "$STRATEGY" > "$DOTEST"/strategy
+		test t = "$VERBOSE" && : > "$DOTEST"/verbose
+		if test t = "$PRESERVE_MERGES"
+		then
+			if test -z "$REBASE_ROOT"
+			then
+				mkdir "$REWRITTEN" &&
+				for c in $(git merge-base --all $HEAD $UPSTREAM)
+				do
+					echo $ONTO > "$REWRITTEN"/$c ||
+						die "Could not init rewritten commits"
+				done
+			else
+				mkdir "$REWRITTEN" &&
+				echo $ONTO > "$REWRITTEN"/root ||
+					die "Could not init rewritten commits"
+			fi
+			# No cherry-pick because our first pass is to determine
+			# parents to rewrite and skipping dropped commits would
+			# prematurely end our probe
+			MERGES_OPTION=
+			first_after_upstream="$(git rev-list --reverse --first-parent $UPSTREAM..$HEAD | head -n 1)"
+		else
+			MERGES_OPTION="--no-merges --cherry-pick"
+		fi
+
+		SHORTHEAD=$(git rev-parse --short $HEAD)
+		SHORTONTO=$(git rev-parse --short $ONTO)
+		if test -z "$REBASE_ROOT"
+			# this is now equivalent to ! -z "$UPSTREAM"
+		then
+			SHORTUPSTREAM=$(git rev-parse --short $UPSTREAM)
+			REVISIONS=$UPSTREAM...$HEAD
+			SHORTREVISIONS=$SHORTUPSTREAM..$SHORTHEAD
+		else
+			REVISIONS=$ONTO...$HEAD
+			SHORTREVISIONS=$SHORTHEAD
+		fi
+		git rev-list $MERGES_OPTION --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit \
+			--abbrev=7 --reverse --left-right --topo-order \
+			$REVISIONS | \
+			sed -n "s/^>//p" | while read shortsha1 rest
+		do
+			if test t != "$PRESERVE_MERGES"
+			then
+				echo "pick $shortsha1 $rest" >> "$TODO"
+			else
+				sha1=$(git rev-parse $shortsha1)
+				if test -z "$REBASE_ROOT"
+				then
+					preserve=t
+					for p in $(git rev-list --parents -1 $sha1 | cut -d' ' -s -f2-)
+					do
+						if test -f "$REWRITTEN"/$p -a \( $p != $ONTO -o $sha1 = $first_after_upstream \)
+						then
+							preserve=f
+						fi
+					done
+				else
+					preserve=f
+				fi
+				if test f = "$preserve"
+				then
+					touch "$REWRITTEN"/$sha1
+					echo "pick $shortsha1 $rest" >> "$TODO"
+				fi
+			fi
+		done
+
+		# Watch for commits that been dropped by --cherry-pick
+		if test t = "$PRESERVE_MERGES"
+		then
+			mkdir "$DROPPED"
+			# Save all non-cherry-picked changes
+			git rev-list $REVISIONS --left-right --cherry-pick | \
+				sed -n "s/^>//p" > "$DOTEST"/not-cherry-picks
+			# Now all commits and note which ones are missing in
+			# not-cherry-picks and hence being dropped
+			git rev-list $REVISIONS |
+			while read rev
+			do
+				if test -f "$REWRITTEN"/$rev -a "$(sane_grep "$rev" "$DOTEST"/not-cherry-picks)" = ""
+				then
+					# Use -f2 because if rev-list is telling us this commit is
+					# not worthwhile, we don't want to track its multiple heads,
+					# just the history of its first-parent for others that will
+					# be rebasing on top of it
+					git rev-list --parents -1 $rev | cut -d' ' -s -f2 > "$DROPPED"/$rev
+					short=$(git rev-list -1 --abbrev-commit --abbrev=7 $rev)
+					sane_grep -v "^[a-z][a-z]* $short" <"$TODO" > "${TODO}2" ; mv "${TODO}2" "$TODO"
+					rm "$REWRITTEN"/$rev
+				fi
+			done
+		fi
+
+		test -s "$TODO" || echo noop >> "$TODO"
+		test -n "$AUTOSQUASH" && rearrange_squash "$TODO"
+		cat >> "$TODO" << EOF
+
+# Rebase $SHORTREVISIONS onto $SHORTONTO
+#
+# Commands:
+#  p, pick = use commit
+#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+EOF
+
+		has_action "$TODO" ||
+			die_abort "Nothing to do"
+
+		cp "$TODO" "$TODO".backup
+		git_editor "$TODO" ||
+			die_abort "Could not execute editor"
+
+		has_action "$TODO" ||
+			die_abort "Nothing to do"
+
+		test -d "$REWRITTEN" || skip_unnecessary_picks
+
+		git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $HEAD
+		output git checkout $ONTO && do_rest
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fb4fef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano.
+#
+
+USAGE='[--interactive | -i] [-v] [--force-rebase | -f] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>|--root] [<branch>] [--quiet | -q]'
+LONG_USAGE='git-rebase replaces <branch> with a new branch of the
+same name.  When the --onto option is provided the new branch starts
+out with a HEAD equal to <newbase>, otherwise it is equal to <upstream>
+It then attempts to create a new commit for each commit from the original
+<branch> that does not exist in the <upstream> branch.
+
+It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
+completely automatic.  You will have to resolve any such merge failure
+and run git rebase --continue.  Another option is to bypass the commit
+that caused the merge failure with git rebase --skip.  To restore the
+original <branch> and remove the .git/rebase-apply working files, use the
+command git rebase --abort instead.
+
+Note that if <branch> is not specified on the command line, the
+currently checked out branch is used.
+
+Example:       git-rebase master~1 topic
+
+        A---B---C topic                   A'\''--B'\''--C'\'' topic
+       /                   -->           /
+  D---E---F---G master          D---E---F---G master
+'
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+set_reflog_action rebase
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+LF='
+'
+OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=
+RESOLVEMSG="
+When you have resolved this problem run \"git rebase --continue\".
+If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"git rebase --skip\".
+To restore the original branch and stop rebasing run \"git rebase --abort\".
+"
+unset newbase
+strategy=recursive
+do_merge=
+dotest="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-merge
+prec=4
+verbose=
+diffstat=$(git config --bool rebase.stat)
+git_am_opt=
+rebase_root=
+force_rebase=
+allow_rerere_autoupdate=
+
+continue_merge () {
+	test -n "$prev_head" || die "prev_head must be defined"
+	test -d "$dotest" || die "$dotest directory does not exist"
+
+	unmerged=$(git ls-files -u)
+	if test -n "$unmerged"
+	then
+		echo "You still have unmerged paths in your index"
+		echo "did you forget to use git add?"
+		die "$RESOLVEMSG"
+	fi
+
+	cmt=`cat "$dotest/current"`
+	if ! git diff-index --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+	then
+		if ! git commit --no-verify -C "$cmt"
+		then
+			echo "Commit failed, please do not call \"git commit\""
+			echo "directly, but instead do one of the following: "
+			die "$RESOLVEMSG"
+		fi
+		if test -z "$GIT_QUIET"
+		then
+			printf "Committed: %0${prec}d " $msgnum
+		fi
+	else
+		if test -z "$GIT_QUIET"
+		then
+			printf "Already applied: %0${prec}d " $msgnum
+		fi
+	fi
+	test -z "$GIT_QUIET" &&
+	GIT_PAGER='' git log --format=%s -1 "$cmt"
+
+	prev_head=`git rev-parse HEAD^0`
+	# save the resulting commit so we can read-tree on it later
+	echo "$prev_head" > "$dotest/prev_head"
+
+	# onto the next patch:
+	msgnum=$(($msgnum + 1))
+	echo "$msgnum" >"$dotest/msgnum"
+}
+
+call_merge () {
+	cmt="$(cat "$dotest/cmt.$1")"
+	echo "$cmt" > "$dotest/current"
+	hd=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	cmt_name=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo HEAD)
+	msgnum=$(cat "$dotest/msgnum")
+	end=$(cat "$dotest/end")
+	eval GITHEAD_$cmt='"${cmt_name##refs/heads/}~$(($end - $msgnum))"'
+	eval GITHEAD_$hd='$(cat "$dotest/onto_name")'
+	export GITHEAD_$cmt GITHEAD_$hd
+	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
+	then
+		export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=1
+	fi
+	git-merge-$strategy "$cmt^" -- "$hd" "$cmt"
+	rv=$?
+	case "$rv" in
+	0)
+		unset GITHEAD_$cmt GITHEAD_$hd
+		return
+		;;
+	1)
+		git rerere $allow_rerere_autoupdate
+		die "$RESOLVEMSG"
+		;;
+	2)
+		echo "Strategy: $rv $strategy failed, try another" 1>&2
+		die "$RESOLVEMSG"
+		;;
+	*)
+		die "Unknown exit code ($rv) from command:" \
+			"git-merge-$strategy $cmt^ -- HEAD $cmt"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+move_to_original_branch () {
+	test -z "$head_name" &&
+		head_name="$(cat "$dotest"/head-name)" &&
+		onto="$(cat "$dotest"/onto)" &&
+		orig_head="$(cat "$dotest"/orig-head)"
+	case "$head_name" in
+	refs/*)
+		message="rebase finished: $head_name onto $onto"
+		git update-ref -m "$message" \
+			$head_name $(git rev-parse HEAD) $orig_head &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD $head_name ||
+		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+finish_rb_merge () {
+	move_to_original_branch
+	rm -r "$dotest"
+	say All done.
+}
+
+is_interactive () {
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+			-i|--interactive)
+				interactive_rebase=explicit
+				break
+			;;
+			-p|--preserve-merges)
+				interactive_rebase=implied
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if [ "$interactive_rebase" = implied ]; then
+		GIT_EDITOR=:
+		export GIT_EDITOR
+	fi
+
+	test -n "$interactive_rebase" || test -f "$dotest"/interactive
+}
+
+run_pre_rebase_hook () {
+	if test -z "$OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE" &&
+	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
+	then
+		"$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase" ${1+"$@"} ||
+		die "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+	fi
+}
+
+test -f "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/applying &&
+	die 'It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.'
+
+is_interactive "$@" && exec git-rebase--interactive "$@"
+
+if test $# -eq 0
+then
+	test -d "$dotest" -o -d "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply || usage
+	test -d "$dotest" -o -f "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/rebasing &&
+		die 'A rebase is in progress, try --continue, --skip or --abort.'
+	die "No arguments given and $GIT_DIR/rebase-apply already exists."
+fi
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	--no-verify)
+		OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=yes
+		;;
+	--continue)
+		test -d "$dotest" -o -d "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply ||
+			die "No rebase in progress?"
+
+		git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules || {
+			echo "You must edit all merge conflicts and then"
+			echo "mark them as resolved using git add"
+			exit 1
+		}
+		if test -d "$dotest"
+		then
+			prev_head=$(cat "$dotest/prev_head")
+			end=$(cat "$dotest/end")
+			msgnum=$(cat "$dotest/msgnum")
+			onto=$(cat "$dotest/onto")
+			GIT_QUIET=$(cat "$dotest/quiet")
+			continue_merge
+			while test "$msgnum" -le "$end"
+			do
+				call_merge "$msgnum"
+				continue_merge
+			done
+			finish_rb_merge
+			exit
+		fi
+		head_name=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/head-name) &&
+		onto=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/onto) &&
+		orig_head=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/orig-head) &&
+		GIT_QUIET=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/quiet)
+		git am --resolved --3way --resolvemsg="$RESOLVEMSG" &&
+		move_to_original_branch
+		exit
+		;;
+	--skip)
+		test -d "$dotest" -o -d "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply ||
+			die "No rebase in progress?"
+
+		git reset --hard HEAD || exit $?
+		if test -d "$dotest"
+		then
+			git rerere clear
+			prev_head=$(cat "$dotest/prev_head")
+			end=$(cat "$dotest/end")
+			msgnum=$(cat "$dotest/msgnum")
+			msgnum=$(($msgnum + 1))
+			onto=$(cat "$dotest/onto")
+			GIT_QUIET=$(cat "$dotest/quiet")
+			while test "$msgnum" -le "$end"
+			do
+				call_merge "$msgnum"
+				continue_merge
+			done
+			finish_rb_merge
+			exit
+		fi
+		head_name=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/head-name) &&
+		onto=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/onto) &&
+		orig_head=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/orig-head) &&
+		GIT_QUIET=$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/quiet)
+		git am -3 --skip --resolvemsg="$RESOLVEMSG" &&
+		move_to_original_branch
+		exit
+		;;
+	--abort)
+		test -d "$dotest" -o -d "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply ||
+			die "No rebase in progress?"
+
+		git rerere clear
+		if test -d "$dotest"
+		then
+			GIT_QUIET=$(cat "$dotest/quiet")
+			move_to_original_branch
+		else
+			dotest="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
+			GIT_QUIET=$(cat "$dotest/quiet")
+			move_to_original_branch
+		fi
+		git reset --hard $(cat "$dotest/orig-head")
+		rm -r "$dotest"
+		exit
+		;;
+	--onto)
+		test 2 -le "$#" || usage
+		newbase="$2"
+		shift
+		;;
+	-M|-m|--m|--me|--mer|--merg|--merge)
+		do_merge=t
+		;;
+	-s=*|--s=*|--st=*|--str=*|--stra=*|--strat=*|--strate=*|\
+		--strateg=*|--strategy=*|\
+	-s|--s|--st|--str|--stra|--strat|--strate|--strateg|--strategy)
+		case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+			strategy=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'` ;;
+		1,*)
+			usage ;;
+		*)
+			strategy="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		do_merge=t
+		;;
+	-n|--no-stat)
+		diffstat=
+		;;
+	--stat)
+		diffstat=t
+		;;
+	-v|--verbose)
+		verbose=t
+		diffstat=t
+		GIT_QUIET=
+		;;
+	-q|--quiet)
+		GIT_QUIET=t
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt -q"
+		verbose=
+		diffstat=
+		;;
+	--whitespace=*)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
+		case "$1" in
+		--whitespace=fix|--whitespace=strip)
+			force_rebase=t
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	--ignore-whitespace)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
+		;;
+	--committer-date-is-author-date|--ignore-date)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
+		force_rebase=t
+		;;
+	-C*)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
+		;;
+	--root)
+		rebase_root=t
+		;;
+	-f|--f|--fo|--for|--forc|force|--force-r|--force-re|--force-reb|--force-reba|--force-rebas|--force-rebase)
+		force_rebase=t
+		;;
+	--rerere-autoupdate|--no-rerere-autoupdate)
+		allow_rerere_autoupdate="$1"
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+test $# -gt 2 && usage
+
+# Make sure we do not have $GIT_DIR/rebase-apply
+if test -z "$do_merge"
+then
+	if mkdir "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		rmdir "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
+	else
+		echo >&2 '
+It seems that I cannot create a rebase-apply directory, and
+I wonder if you are in the middle of patch application or another
+rebase.  If that is not the case, please
+	rm -fr '"$GIT_DIR"'/rebase-apply
+and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something
+valuable there.'
+		exit 1
+	fi
+else
+	if test -d "$dotest"
+	then
+		die "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists." \
+			'Try git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)'
+	fi
+fi
+
+# The tree must be really really clean.
+if ! git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh > /dev/null; then
+	echo >&2 "cannot rebase: you have unstaged changes"
+	git diff-files --name-status -r --ignore-submodules -- >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+diff=$(git diff-index --cached --name-status -r --ignore-submodules HEAD --)
+case "$diff" in
+?*)	echo >&2 "cannot rebase: your index contains uncommitted changes"
+	echo >&2 "$diff"
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
+if test -z "$rebase_root"
+then
+	# The upstream head must be given.  Make sure it is valid.
+	upstream_name="$1"
+	shift
+	upstream=`git rev-parse --verify "${upstream_name}^0"` ||
+	die "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+	unset root_flag
+	upstream_arg="$upstream_name"
+else
+	test -z "$newbase" && die "--root must be used with --onto"
+	unset upstream_name
+	unset upstream
+	root_flag="--root"
+	upstream_arg="$root_flag"
+fi
+
+# Make sure the branch to rebase onto is valid.
+onto_name=${newbase-"$upstream_name"}
+case "$onto_name" in
+*...*)
+	if	left=${onto_name%...*} right=${onto_name#*...} &&
+		onto=$(git merge-base --all ${left:-HEAD} ${right:-HEAD})
+	then
+		case "$onto" in
+		?*"$LF"?*)
+			die "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+			;;
+		'')
+			die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+			;;
+		esac
+	else
+		die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+	fi
+	;;
+*)
+	onto=$(git rev-parse --verify "${onto_name}^0") || exit
+	;;
+esac
+
+# If a hook exists, give it a chance to interrupt
+run_pre_rebase_hook "$upstream_arg" "$@"
+
+# If the branch to rebase is given, that is the branch we will rebase
+# $branch_name -- branch being rebased, or HEAD (already detached)
+# $orig_head -- commit object name of tip of the branch before rebasing
+# $head_name -- refs/heads/<that-branch> or "detached HEAD"
+switch_to=
+case "$#" in
+1)
+	# Is it "rebase other $branchname" or "rebase other $commit"?
+	branch_name="$1"
+	switch_to="$1"
+
+	if git show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/heads/$1" &&
+	   branch=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "refs/heads/$1")
+	then
+		head_name="refs/heads/$1"
+	elif branch=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$1")
+	then
+		head_name="detached HEAD"
+	else
+		usage
+	fi
+	;;
+*)
+	# Do not need to switch branches, we are already on it.
+	if branch_name=`git symbolic-ref -q HEAD`
+	then
+		head_name=$branch_name
+		branch_name=`expr "z$branch_name" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+	else
+		head_name="detached HEAD"
+		branch_name=HEAD ;# detached
+	fi
+	branch=$(git rev-parse --verify "${branch_name}^0") || exit
+	;;
+esac
+orig_head=$branch
+
+# Now we are rebasing commits $upstream..$branch (or with --root,
+# everything leading up to $branch) on top of $onto
+
+# Check if we are already based on $onto with linear history,
+# but this should be done only when upstream and onto are the same.
+mb=$(git merge-base "$onto" "$branch")
+if test "$upstream" = "$onto" && test "$mb" = "$onto" &&
+	# linear history?
+	! (git rev-list --parents "$onto".."$branch" | sane_grep " .* ") > /dev/null
+then
+	if test -z "$force_rebase"
+	then
+		# Lazily switch to the target branch if needed...
+		test -z "$switch_to" || git checkout "$switch_to"
+		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+		exit 0
+	else
+		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+	fi
+fi
+
+# Detach HEAD and reset the tree
+say "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
+git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $branch
+
+if test -n "$diffstat"
+then
+	if test -n "$verbose"
+	then
+		echo "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+	fi
+	# We want color (if set), but no pager
+	GIT_PAGER='' git diff --stat --summary "$mb" "$onto"
+fi
+
+# If the $onto is a proper descendant of the tip of the branch, then
+# we just fast-forwarded.
+if test "$mb" = "$branch"
+then
+	say "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+	move_to_original_branch
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+if test -n "$rebase_root"
+then
+	revisions="$onto..$orig_head"
+else
+	revisions="$upstream..$orig_head"
+fi
+
+if test -z "$do_merge"
+then
+	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
+		$root_flag "$revisions" |
+	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$RESOLVEMSG" &&
+	move_to_original_branch
+	ret=$?
+	test 0 != $ret -a -d "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply &&
+		echo $head_name > "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/head-name &&
+		echo $onto > "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/onto &&
+		echo $orig_head > "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/orig-head &&
+		echo "$GIT_QUIET" > "$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply/quiet
+	exit $ret
+fi
+
+# start doing a rebase with git-merge
+# this is rename-aware if the recursive (default) strategy is used
+
+mkdir -p "$dotest"
+echo "$onto" > "$dotest/onto"
+echo "$onto_name" > "$dotest/onto_name"
+prev_head=$orig_head
+echo "$prev_head" > "$dotest/prev_head"
+echo "$orig_head" > "$dotest/orig-head"
+echo "$head_name" > "$dotest/head-name"
+echo "$GIT_QUIET" > "$dotest/quiet"
+
+msgnum=0
+for cmt in `git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions"`
+do
+	msgnum=$(($msgnum + 1))
+	echo "$cmt" > "$dotest/cmt.$msgnum"
+done
+
+echo 1 >"$dotest/msgnum"
+echo $msgnum >"$dotest/end"
+
+end=$msgnum
+msgnum=1
+
+while test "$msgnum" -le "$end"
+do
+	call_merge "$msgnum"
+	continue_merge
+done
+
+finish_rb_merge
diff --git a/git-relink.perl b/git-relink.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..937c69a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-relink.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+# Copyright 2005, Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+# Distribution permitted under the GPL v2, as distributed
+# by the Free Software Foundation.
+# Later versions of the GPL at the discretion of Linus Torvalds
+#
+# Scan two git object-trees, and hardlink any common objects between them.
+
+use 5.006;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+sub get_canonical_form($);
+sub do_scan_directory($$$);
+sub compare_two_files($$);
+sub usage();
+sub link_two_files($$);
+
+# stats
+my $total_linked = 0;
+my $total_already = 0;
+my ($linked,$already);
+
+my $fail_on_different_sizes = 0;
+my $help = 0;
+GetOptions("safe" => \$fail_on_different_sizes,
+	   "help" => \$help);
+
+usage() if $help;
+
+my (@dirs) = @ARGV;
+
+usage() if (!defined $dirs[0] || !defined $dirs[1]);
+
+$_ = get_canonical_form($_) foreach (@dirs);
+
+my $master_dir = pop @dirs;
+
+opendir(D,$master_dir . "objects/")
+	or die "Failed to open $master_dir/objects/ : $!";
+
+my @hashdirs = grep { ($_ eq 'pack') || /^[0-9a-f]{2}$/ } readdir(D);
+
+foreach my $repo (@dirs) {
+	$linked = 0;
+	$already = 0;
+	printf("Searching '%s' and '%s' for common objects and hardlinking them...\n",
+		$master_dir,$repo);
+
+	foreach my $hashdir (@hashdirs) {
+		do_scan_directory($master_dir, $hashdir, $repo);
+	}
+
+	printf("Linked %d files, %d were already linked.\n",$linked, $already);
+
+	$total_linked += $linked;
+	$total_already += $already;
+}
+
+printf("Totals: Linked %d files, %d were already linked.\n",
+	$total_linked, $total_already);
+
+
+sub do_scan_directory($$$) {
+	my ($srcdir, $subdir, $dstdir) = @_;
+
+	my $sfulldir = sprintf("%sobjects/%s/",$srcdir,$subdir);
+	my $dfulldir = sprintf("%sobjects/%s/",$dstdir,$subdir);
+
+	opendir(S,$sfulldir)
+		or die "Failed to opendir $sfulldir: $!";
+
+	foreach my $file (grep(!/\.{1,2}$/, readdir(S))) {
+		my $sfilename = $sfulldir . $file;
+		my $dfilename = $dfulldir . $file;
+
+		compare_two_files($sfilename,$dfilename);
+
+	}
+	closedir(S);
+}
+
+sub compare_two_files($$) {
+	my ($sfilename, $dfilename) = @_;
+
+	# Perl's stat returns relevant information as follows:
+	# 0 = dev number
+	# 1 = inode number
+	# 7 = size
+	my @sstatinfo = stat($sfilename);
+	my @dstatinfo = stat($dfilename);
+
+	if (@sstatinfo == 0 && @dstatinfo == 0) {
+		die sprintf("Stat of both %s and %s failed: %s\n",$sfilename, $dfilename, $!);
+
+	} elsif (@dstatinfo == 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ( ($sstatinfo[0] == $dstatinfo[0]) &&
+	     ($sstatinfo[1] != $dstatinfo[1])) {
+		if ($sstatinfo[7] == $dstatinfo[7]) {
+			link_two_files($sfilename, $dfilename);
+
+		} else {
+			my $err = sprintf("ERROR: File sizes are not the same, cannot relink %s to %s.\n",
+				$sfilename, $dfilename);
+			if ($fail_on_different_sizes) {
+				die $err;
+			} else {
+				warn $err;
+			}
+		}
+
+	} elsif ( ($sstatinfo[0] == $dstatinfo[0]) &&
+	     ($sstatinfo[1] == $dstatinfo[1])) {
+		$already++;
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_canonical_form($) {
+	my $dir = shift;
+	my $original = $dir;
+
+	die "$dir is not a directory." unless -d $dir;
+
+	$dir .= "/" unless $dir =~ m#/$#;
+	$dir .= ".git/" unless $dir =~ m#\.git/$#;
+
+	die "$original does not have a .git/ subdirectory.\n" unless -d $dir;
+
+	return $dir;
+}
+
+sub link_two_files($$) {
+	my ($sfilename, $dfilename) = @_;
+	my $tmpdname = sprintf("%s.old",$dfilename);
+	rename($dfilename,$tmpdname)
+		or die sprintf("Failure renaming %s to %s: %s",
+			$dfilename, $tmpdname, $!);
+
+	if (! link($sfilename,$dfilename)) {
+		my $failtxt = "";
+		unless (rename($tmpdname,$dfilename)) {
+			$failtxt = sprintf(
+				"Git Repository containing %s is probably corrupted, " .
+				"please copy '%s' to '%s' to fix.\n",
+				$tmpdname, $dfilename);
+		}
+
+		die sprintf("Failed to link %s to %s: %s\n%s" .
+			$sfilename, $dfilename,
+			$!, $dfilename, $failtxt);
+	}
+
+	unlink($tmpdname)
+		or die sprintf("Unlink of %s failed: %s\n",
+			$dfilename, $!);
+
+	$linked++;
+}
+
+
+sub usage() {
+	print("Usage: git relink [--safe] <dir> [<dir> ...] <master_dir> \n");
+	print("All directories should contain a .git/objects/ subdirectory.\n");
+	print("Options\n");
+	print("\t--safe\t" .
+		"Stops if two objects with the same hash exist but " .
+		"have different sizes.  Default is to warn and continue.\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/git-repack.sh b/git-repack.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1eb3bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-repack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+#
+
+OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_SPEC="\
+git repack [options]
+--
+a               pack everything in a single pack
+A               same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose
+d               remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed
+f               pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects
+n               do not run git-update-server-info
+q,quiet         be quiet
+l               pass --local to git-pack-objects
+ Packing constraints
+window=         size of the window used for delta compression
+window-memory=  same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count
+depth=          limits the maximum delta depth
+max-pack-size=  maximum size of each packfile
+"
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+no_update_info= all_into_one= remove_redundant= unpack_unreachable=
+local= no_reuse= extra=
+while test $# != 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-n)	no_update_info=t ;;
+	-a)	all_into_one=t ;;
+	-A)	all_into_one=t
+		unpack_unreachable=--unpack-unreachable ;;
+	-d)	remove_redundant=t ;;
+	-q)	GIT_QUIET=t ;;
+	-f)	no_reuse=--no-reuse-object ;;
+	-l)	local=--local ;;
+	--max-pack-size|--window|--window-memory|--depth)
+		extra="$extra $1=$2"; shift ;;
+	--) shift; break;;
+	*)	usage ;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+case "`git config --bool repack.usedeltabaseoffset || echo true`" in
+true)
+	extra="$extra --delta-base-offset" ;;
+esac
+
+PACKDIR="$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/pack"
+PACKTMP="$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/.tmp-$$-pack"
+rm -f "$PACKTMP"-*
+trap 'rm -f "$PACKTMP"-*' 0 1 2 3 15
+
+# There will be more repacking strategies to come...
+case ",$all_into_one," in
+,,)
+	args='--unpacked --incremental'
+	;;
+,t,)
+	args= existing=
+	if [ -d "$PACKDIR" ]; then
+		for e in `cd "$PACKDIR" && find . -type f -name '*.pack' \
+			| sed -e 's/^\.\///' -e 's/\.pack$//'`
+		do
+			if [ -e "$PACKDIR/$e.keep" ]; then
+				: keep
+			else
+				existing="$existing $e"
+			fi
+		done
+		if test -n "$existing" -a -n "$unpack_unreachable" -a \
+			-n "$remove_redundant"
+		then
+			args="$args $unpack_unreachable"
+		fi
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
+
+args="$args $local ${GIT_QUIET:+-q} $no_reuse$extra"
+names=$(git pack-objects --keep-true-parents --honor-pack-keep --non-empty --all --reflog $args </dev/null "$PACKTMP") ||
+	exit 1
+if [ -z "$names" ]; then
+	say Nothing new to pack.
+fi
+
+# Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
+mkdir -p "$PACKDIR" || exit
+
+# First see if there are packs of the same name and if so
+# if we can move them out of the way (this can happen if we
+# repacked immediately after packing fully.
+rollback=
+failed=
+for name in $names
+do
+	for sfx in pack idx
+	do
+		file=pack-$name.$sfx
+		test -f "$PACKDIR/$file" || continue
+		rm -f "$PACKDIR/old-$file" &&
+		mv "$PACKDIR/$file" "$PACKDIR/old-$file" || {
+			failed=t
+			break
+		}
+		rollback="$rollback $file"
+	done
+	test -z "$failed" || break
+done
+
+# If renaming failed for any of them, roll the ones we have
+# already renamed back to their original names.
+if test -n "$failed"
+then
+	rollback_failure=
+	for file in $rollback
+	do
+		mv "$PACKDIR/old-$file" "$PACKDIR/$file" ||
+		rollback_failure="$rollback_failure $file"
+	done
+	if test -n "$rollback_failure"
+	then
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: Some packs in use have been renamed by"
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: prefixing old- to their name, in order to"
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: replace them with the new version of the"
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: file.  But the operation failed, and"
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: attempt to rename them back to their"
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: original names also failed."
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: Please rename them in $PACKDIR manually:"
+		for file in $rollback_failure
+		do
+			echo >&2 "WARNING:   old-$file -> $file"
+		done
+	fi
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Now the ones with the same name are out of the way...
+fullbases=
+for name in $names
+do
+	fullbases="$fullbases pack-$name"
+	chmod a-w "$PACKTMP-$name.pack"
+	chmod a-w "$PACKTMP-$name.idx"
+	mv -f "$PACKTMP-$name.pack" "$PACKDIR/pack-$name.pack" &&
+	mv -f "$PACKTMP-$name.idx"  "$PACKDIR/pack-$name.idx" ||
+	exit
+done
+
+# Remove the "old-" files
+for name in $names
+do
+	rm -f "$PACKDIR/old-pack-$name.idx"
+	rm -f "$PACKDIR/old-pack-$name.pack"
+done
+
+# End of pack replacement.
+
+if test "$remove_redundant" = t
+then
+	# We know $existing are all redundant.
+	if [ -n "$existing" ]
+	then
+		( cd "$PACKDIR" &&
+		  for e in $existing
+		  do
+			case " $fullbases " in
+			*" $e "*) ;;
+			*)	rm -f "$e.pack" "$e.idx" "$e.keep" ;;
+			esac
+		  done
+		)
+	fi
+	git prune-packed ${GIT_QUIET:+-q}
+fi
+
+case "$no_update_info" in
+t) : ;;
+*) git update-server-info ;;
+esac
diff --git a/git-request-pull.sh b/git-request-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..630cedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-request-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+# Copyright 2005, Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+#
+# This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
+# at the discretion of Linus Torvalds.
+
+USAGE='<start> <url> [<end>]'
+LONG_USAGE='Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output,
+and includes the given URL in the generated summary.'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+OPTIONS_SPEC='git request-pull [options] start url [end]
+--
+p    show patch text as well
+'
+
+. git-sh-setup
+. git-parse-remote
+
+GIT_PAGER=
+export GIT_PAGER
+
+patch=
+while	case "$#" in 0) break ;; esac
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-p)
+		patch=-p ;;
+	--)
+		shift; break ;;
+	-*)
+		usage ;;
+	*)
+		break ;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+base=$1
+url=$2
+head=${3-HEAD}
+
+[ "$base" ] || usage
+[ "$url" ] || usage
+
+baserev=`git rev-parse --verify "$base"^0` &&
+headrev=`git rev-parse --verify "$head"^0` || exit
+
+merge_base=`git merge-base $baserev $headrev` ||
+die "fatal: No commits in common between $base and $head"
+
+branch=$(git ls-remote "$url" \
+	| sed -n -e "/^$headrev	refs.heads./{
+		s/^.*	refs.heads.//
+		p
+		q
+	}")
+url=$(get_remote_url "$url")
+if [ -z "$branch" ]; then
+	echo "warn: No branch of $url is at:" >&2
+	git log --max-count=1 --pretty='tformat:warn:   %h: %s' $headrev >&2
+	echo "warn: Are you sure you pushed $head there?" >&2
+	echo >&2
+	echo >&2
+	branch=..BRANCH.NOT.VERIFIED..
+	status=1
+fi
+
+echo "The following changes since commit $baserev:"
+git shortlog --max-count=1 $baserev | sed -e 's/^\(.\)/  \1/'
+
+echo "are available in the git repository at:"
+echo
+echo "  $url $branch"
+echo
+
+git shortlog ^$baserev $headrev
+git diff -M --stat --summary $patch $merge_base..$headrev
+exit $status
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e05455f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1233 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+#
+# Copyright 2002,2005 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
+# Copyright 2005 Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+#
+# GPL v2 (See COPYING)
+#
+# Ported to support git "mbox" format files by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
+#
+# Sends a collection of emails to the given email addresses, disturbingly fast.
+#
+# Supports two formats:
+# 1. mbox format files (ignoring most headers and MIME formatting - this is designed for sending patches)
+# 2. The original format support by Greg's script:
+#    first line of the message is who to CC,
+#    and second line is the subject of the message.
+#
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Term::ReadLine;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use Text::ParseWords;
+use Data::Dumper;
+use Term::ANSIColor;
+use File::Temp qw/ tempdir tempfile /;
+use Error qw(:try);
+use Git;
+
+Getopt::Long::Configure qw/ pass_through /;
+
+package FakeTerm;
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $reason) = @_;
+	return bless \$reason, shift;
+}
+sub readline {
+	my $self = shift;
+	die "Cannot use readline on FakeTerm: $$self";
+}
+package main;
+
+
+sub usage {
+	print <<EOT;
+git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
+
+  Composing:
+    --from                  <str>  * Email From:
+    --to                    <str>  * Email To:
+    --cc                    <str>  * Email Cc:
+    --bcc                   <str>  * Email Bcc:
+    --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
+    --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
+    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
+
+  Sending:
+    --envelope-sender       <str>  * Email envelope sender.
+    --smtp-server       <str:int>  * Outgoing SMTP server to use. The port
+                                     is optional. Default 'localhost'.
+    --smtp-server-port      <int>  * Outgoing SMTP server port.
+    --smtp-user             <str>  * Username for SMTP-AUTH.
+    --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
+    --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
+    --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+
+  Automating:
+    --identity              <str>  * Use the sendemail.<id> options.
+    --cc-cmd                <str>  * Email Cc: via `<str> \$patch_path`
+    --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, all.
+    --[no-]signed-off-by-cc        * Send to Signed-off-by: addresses. Default on.
+    --[no-]suppress-from           * Send to self. Default off.
+    --[no-]chain-reply-to          * Chain In-Reply-To: fields. Default off.
+    --[no-]thread                  * Use In-Reply-To: field. Default on.
+
+  Administering:
+    --confirm               <str>  * Confirm recipients before sending;
+                                     auto, cc, compose, always, or never.
+    --quiet                        * Output one line of info per email.
+    --dry-run                      * Don't actually send the emails.
+    --[no-]validate                * Perform patch sanity checks. Default on.
+    --[no-]format-patch            * understand any non optional arguments as
+                                     `git format-patch` ones.
+
+EOT
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+# most mail servers generate the Date: header, but not all...
+sub format_2822_time {
+	my ($time) = @_;
+	my @localtm = localtime($time);
+	my @gmttm = gmtime($time);
+	my $localmin = $localtm[1] + $localtm[2] * 60;
+	my $gmtmin = $gmttm[1] + $gmttm[2] * 60;
+	if ($localtm[0] != $gmttm[0]) {
+		die "local zone differs from GMT by a non-minute interval\n";
+	}
+	if ((($gmttm[6] + 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
+		$localmin += 1440;
+	} elsif ((($gmttm[6] - 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
+		$localmin -= 1440;
+	} elsif ($gmttm[6] != $localtm[6]) {
+		die "local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n";
+	}
+	my $offset = $localmin - $gmtmin;
+	my $offhour = $offset / 60;
+	my $offmin = abs($offset % 60);
+	if (abs($offhour) >= 24) {
+		die ("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
+	}
+
+	return sprintf("%s, %2d %s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %s%02d%02d",
+		       qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat)[$localtm[6]],
+		       $localtm[3],
+		       qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
+			  Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec)[$localtm[4]],
+		       $localtm[5]+1900,
+		       $localtm[2],
+		       $localtm[1],
+		       $localtm[0],
+		       ($offset >= 0) ? '+' : '-',
+		       abs($offhour),
+		       $offmin,
+		       );
+}
+
+my $have_email_valid = eval { require Email::Valid; 1 };
+my $have_mail_address = eval { require Mail::Address; 1 };
+my $smtp;
+my $auth;
+
+sub unique_email_list(@);
+sub cleanup_compose_files();
+
+# Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
+my (@to,@cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,@xh,
+	$initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
+	$author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$compose,$time);
+
+my $envelope_sender;
+
+# Example reply to:
+#$initial_reply_to = ''; #<20050203173208.GA23964@foobar.com>';
+
+my $repo = eval { Git->repository() };
+my @repo = $repo ? ($repo) : ();
+my $term = eval {
+	$ENV{"GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY"}
+		? new Term::ReadLine 'git-send-email', \*STDIN, \*STDOUT
+		: new Term::ReadLine 'git-send-email';
+};
+if ($@) {
+	$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
+}
+
+# Behavior modification variables
+my ($quiet, $dry_run) = (0, 0);
+my $format_patch;
+my $compose_filename;
+
+# Handle interactive edition of files.
+my $multiedit;
+my $editor = Git::command_oneline('var', 'GIT_EDITOR');
+
+sub do_edit {
+	if (defined($multiedit) && !$multiedit) {
+		map {
+			system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, $_);
+			if (($? & 127) || ($? >> 8)) {
+				die("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything");
+			}
+		} @_;
+	} else {
+		system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, @_);
+		if (($? & 127) || ($? >> 8)) {
+			die("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+# Variables with corresponding config settings
+my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc, $cc_cmd);
+my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, $smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
+my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, @smtp_host_parts);
+my ($validate, $confirm);
+my (@suppress_cc);
+
+my $not_set_by_user = "true but not set by the user";
+
+my %config_bool_settings = (
+    "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
+    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, $not_set_by_user],
+    "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
+    "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
+    "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
+    "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
+);
+
+my %config_settings = (
+    "smtpserver" => \$smtp_server,
+    "smtpserverport" => \$smtp_server_port,
+    "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
+    "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
+    "to" => \@to,
+    "cc" => \@initial_cc,
+    "cccmd" => \$cc_cmd,
+    "aliasfiletype" => \$aliasfiletype,
+    "bcc" => \@bcclist,
+    "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
+    "suppresscc" => \@suppress_cc,
+    "envelopesender" => \$envelope_sender,
+    "multiedit" => \$multiedit,
+    "confirm"   => \$confirm,
+    "from" => \$sender,
+);
+
+# Help users prepare for 1.7.0
+sub chain_reply_to {
+	if (defined $chain_reply_to &&
+	    $chain_reply_to eq $not_set_by_user) {
+		print STDERR
+		    "In git 1.7.0, the default has changed to --no-chain-reply-to\n" .
+		    "Set sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to true if\n" .
+		    "you want to keep --chain-reply-to as your default.\n";
+		$chain_reply_to = 0;
+	}
+	return $chain_reply_to;
+}
+
+# Handle Uncouth Termination
+sub signal_handler {
+
+	# Make text normal
+	print color("reset"), "\n";
+
+	# SMTP password masked
+	system "stty echo";
+
+	# tmp files from --compose
+	if (defined $compose_filename) {
+		if (-e $compose_filename) {
+			print "'$compose_filename' contains an intermediate version of the email you were composing.\n";
+		}
+		if (-e ($compose_filename . ".final")) {
+			print "'$compose_filename.final' contains the composed email.\n"
+		}
+	}
+
+	exit;
+};
+
+$SIG{TERM} = \&signal_handler;
+$SIG{INT}  = \&signal_handler;
+
+# Begin by accumulating all the variables (defined above), that we will end up
+# needing, first, from the command line:
+
+my $rc = GetOptions("sender|from=s" => \$sender,
+                    "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_reply_to,
+		    "subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
+		    "to=s" => \@to,
+		    "cc=s" => \@initial_cc,
+		    "bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
+		    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
+		    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
+		    "smtp-server-port=s" => \$smtp_server_port,
+		    "smtp-user=s" => \$smtp_authuser,
+		    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
+		    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
+		    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
+		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
+		    "annotate" => \$annotate,
+		    "compose" => \$compose,
+		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
+		    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
+		    "suppress-from!" => \$suppress_from,
+		    "suppress-cc=s" => \@suppress_cc,
+		    "signed-off-cc|signed-off-by-cc!" => \$signed_off_by_cc,
+		    "confirm=s" => \$confirm,
+		    "dry-run" => \$dry_run,
+		    "envelope-sender=s" => \$envelope_sender,
+		    "thread!" => \$thread,
+		    "validate!" => \$validate,
+		    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
+	 );
+
+unless ($rc) {
+    usage();
+}
+
+die "Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n"
+	if $format_patch and not $repo;
+
+# Now, let's fill any that aren't set in with defaults:
+
+sub read_config {
+	my ($prefix) = @_;
+
+	foreach my $setting (keys %config_bool_settings) {
+		my $target = $config_bool_settings{$setting}->[0];
+		$$target = Git::config_bool(@repo, "$prefix.$setting") unless (defined $$target);
+	}
+
+	foreach my $setting (keys %config_settings) {
+		my $target = $config_settings{$setting};
+		if (ref($target) eq "ARRAY") {
+			unless (@$target) {
+				my @values = Git::config(@repo, "$prefix.$setting");
+				@$target = @values if (@values && defined $values[0]);
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			$$target = Git::config(@repo, "$prefix.$setting") unless (defined $$target);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $smtp_encryption) {
+		my $enc = Git::config(@repo, "$prefix.smtpencryption");
+		if (defined $enc) {
+			$smtp_encryption = $enc;
+		} elsif (Git::config_bool(@repo, "$prefix.smtpssl")) {
+			$smtp_encryption = 'ssl';
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+# read configuration from [sendemail "$identity"], fall back on [sendemail]
+$identity = Git::config(@repo, "sendemail.identity") unless (defined $identity);
+read_config("sendemail.$identity") if (defined $identity);
+read_config("sendemail");
+
+# fall back on builtin bool defaults
+foreach my $setting (values %config_bool_settings) {
+	${$setting->[0]} = $setting->[1] unless (defined (${$setting->[0]}));
+}
+
+# 'default' encryption is none -- this only prevents a warning
+$smtp_encryption = '' unless (defined $smtp_encryption);
+
+# Set CC suppressions
+my(%suppress_cc);
+if (@suppress_cc) {
+	foreach my $entry (@suppress_cc) {
+		die "Unknown --suppress-cc field: '$entry'\n"
+			unless $entry =~ /^(all|cccmd|cc|author|self|sob|body|bodycc)$/;
+		$suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+if ($suppress_cc{'all'}) {
+	foreach my $entry (qw (cccmd cc author self sob body bodycc)) {
+		$suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
+	}
+	delete $suppress_cc{'all'};
+}
+
+# If explicit old-style ones are specified, they trump --suppress-cc.
+$suppress_cc{'self'} = $suppress_from if defined $suppress_from;
+$suppress_cc{'sob'} = !$signed_off_by_cc if defined $signed_off_by_cc;
+
+if ($suppress_cc{'body'}) {
+	foreach my $entry (qw (sob bodycc)) {
+		$suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
+	}
+	delete $suppress_cc{'body'};
+}
+
+# Set confirm's default value
+my $confirm_unconfigured = !defined $confirm;
+if ($confirm_unconfigured) {
+	$confirm = scalar %suppress_cc ? 'compose' : 'auto';
+};
+die "Unknown --confirm setting: '$confirm'\n"
+	unless $confirm =~ /^(?:auto|cc|compose|always|never)/;
+
+# Debugging, print out the suppressions.
+if (0) {
+	print "suppressions:\n";
+	foreach my $entry (keys %suppress_cc) {
+		printf "  %-5s -> $suppress_cc{$entry}\n", $entry;
+	}
+}
+
+my ($repoauthor, $repocommitter);
+($repoauthor) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'author');
+($repocommitter) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'committer');
+
+# Verify the user input
+
+foreach my $entry (@to) {
+	die "Comma in --to entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
+}
+
+foreach my $entry (@initial_cc) {
+	die "Comma in --cc entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
+}
+
+foreach my $entry (@bcclist) {
+	die "Comma in --bcclist entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
+}
+
+sub parse_address_line {
+	if ($have_mail_address) {
+		return map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
+	} else {
+		return split_addrs($_[0]);
+	}
+}
+
+sub split_addrs {
+	return quotewords('\s*,\s*', 1, @_);
+}
+
+my %aliases;
+my %parse_alias = (
+	# multiline formats can be supported in the future
+	mutt => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
+		if (/^\s*alias\s+(?:-group\s+\S+\s+)*(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+			my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
+			$addr =~ s/#.*$//; # mutt allows # comments
+			 # commas delimit multiple addresses
+			$aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
+		}}},
+	mailrc => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
+		if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+			# spaces delimit multiple addresses
+			$aliases{$1} = [ quotewords('\s+', 0, $2) ];
+		}}},
+	pine => sub { my $fh = shift; my $f='\t[^\t]*';
+	        for (my $x = ''; defined($x); $x = $_) {
+			chomp $x;
+		        $x .= $1 while(defined($_ = <$fh>) && /^ +(.*)$/);
+			$x =~ /^(\S+)$f\t\(?([^\t]+?)\)?(:?$f){0,2}$/ or next;
+			$aliases{$1} = [ split_addrs($2) ];
+		}},
+	elm => sub  { my $fh = shift;
+		      while (<$fh>) {
+			  if (/^(\S+)\s+=\s+[^=]+=\s(\S+)/) {
+			      my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
+			       $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
+			  }
+		      } },
+
+	gnus => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
+		if (/\(define-mail-alias\s+"(\S+?)"\s+"(\S+?)"\)/) {
+			$aliases{$1} = [ $2 ];
+		}}}
+);
+
+if (@alias_files and $aliasfiletype and defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
+	foreach my $file (@alias_files) {
+		open my $fh, '<', $file or die "opening $file: $!\n";
+		$parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}->($fh);
+		close $fh;
+	}
+}
+
+($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
+
+# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
+sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+	return unless $repo;
+	my $f = shift;
+	try {
+		$repo->command('rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', $f);
+		if (defined($format_patch)) {
+			return $format_patch;
+		}
+		die(<<EOF);
+File '$f' exists but it could also be the range of commits
+to produce patches for.  Please disambiguate by...
+
+    * Saying "./$f" if you mean a file; or
+    * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
+EOF
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+# Now that all the defaults are set, process the rest of the command line
+# arguments and collect up the files that need to be processed.
+my @rev_list_opts;
+while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
+	if ($f eq "--") {
+		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
+		@ARGV = ();
+	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+		opendir(DH,$f)
+			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
+
+		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { +$f . "/" . $_ }
+				sort readdir(DH);
+		closedir(DH);
+	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+		push @files, $f;
+	} else {
+		push @rev_list_opts, $f;
+	}
+}
+
+if (@rev_list_opts) {
+	die "Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n"
+		unless $repo;
+	push @files, $repo->command('format-patch', '-o', tempdir(CLEANUP => 1), @rev_list_opts);
+}
+
+if ($validate) {
+	foreach my $f (@files) {
+		unless (-p $f) {
+			my $error = validate_patch($f);
+			$error and die "fatal: $f: $error\nwarning: no patches were sent\n";
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+if (@files) {
+	unless ($quiet) {
+		print $_,"\n" for (@files);
+	}
+} else {
+	print STDERR "\nNo patch files specified!\n\n";
+	usage();
+}
+
+sub get_patch_subject($) {
+	my $fn = shift;
+	open (my $fh, '<', $fn);
+	while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+		next unless ($line =~ /^Subject: (.*)$/);
+		close $fh;
+		return "GIT: $1\n";
+	}
+	close $fh;
+	die "No subject line in $fn ?";
+}
+
+if ($compose) {
+	# Note that this does not need to be secure, but we will make a small
+	# effort to have it be unique
+	$compose_filename = ($repo ?
+		tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => $repo->repo_path()) :
+		tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => "."))[1];
+	open(C,">",$compose_filename)
+		or die "Failed to open for writing $compose_filename: $!";
+
+
+	my $tpl_sender = $sender || $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
+	my $tpl_subject = $initial_subject || '';
+	my $tpl_reply_to = $initial_reply_to || '';
+
+	print C <<EOT;
+From $tpl_sender # This line is ignored.
+GIT: Lines beginning in "GIT:" will be removed.
+GIT: Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
+GIT: for the patch you are writing.
+GIT:
+GIT: Clear the body content if you don't wish to send a summary.
+From: $tpl_sender
+Subject: $tpl_subject
+In-Reply-To: $tpl_reply_to
+
+EOT
+	for my $f (@files) {
+		print C get_patch_subject($f);
+	}
+	close(C);
+
+	if ($annotate) {
+		do_edit($compose_filename, @files);
+	} else {
+		do_edit($compose_filename);
+	}
+
+	open(C2,">",$compose_filename . ".final")
+		or die "Failed to open $compose_filename.final : " . $!;
+
+	open(C,"<",$compose_filename)
+		or die "Failed to open $compose_filename : " . $!;
+
+	my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
+	my $in_body = 0;
+	my $summary_empty = 1;
+	while(<C>) {
+		next if m/^GIT:/;
+		if ($in_body) {
+			$summary_empty = 0 unless (/^\n$/);
+		} elsif (/^\n$/) {
+			$in_body = 1;
+			if ($need_8bit_cte) {
+				print C2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
+					 "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
+					   "charset=UTF-8\n",
+					 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
+			}
+		} elsif (/^MIME-Version:/i) {
+			$need_8bit_cte = 0;
+		} elsif (/^Subject:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
+			$initial_subject = $1;
+			my $subject = $initial_subject;
+			$_ = "Subject: " .
+				($subject =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/ ?
+				 quote_rfc2047($subject) :
+				 $subject) .
+				"\n";
+		} elsif (/^In-Reply-To:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
+			$initial_reply_to = $1;
+			next;
+		} elsif (/^From:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
+			$sender = $1;
+			next;
+		} elsif (/^(?:To|Cc|Bcc):/i) {
+			print "To/Cc/Bcc fields are not interpreted yet, they have been ignored\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		print C2 $_;
+	}
+	close(C);
+	close(C2);
+
+	if ($summary_empty) {
+		print "Summary email is empty, skipping it\n";
+		$compose = -1;
+	}
+} elsif ($annotate) {
+	do_edit(@files);
+}
+
+sub ask {
+	my ($prompt, %arg) = @_;
+	my $valid_re = $arg{valid_re};
+	my $default = $arg{default};
+	my $resp;
+	my $i = 0;
+	return defined $default ? $default : undef
+		unless defined $term->IN and defined fileno($term->IN) and
+		       defined $term->OUT and defined fileno($term->OUT);
+	while ($i++ < 10) {
+		$resp = $term->readline($prompt);
+		if (!defined $resp) { # EOF
+			print "\n";
+			return defined $default ? $default : undef;
+		}
+		if ($resp eq '' and defined $default) {
+			return $default;
+		}
+		if (!defined $valid_re or $resp =~ /$valid_re/) {
+			return $resp;
+		}
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+
+my $prompting = 0;
+if (!defined $sender) {
+	$sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
+	$sender = ask("Who should the emails appear to be from? [$sender] ",
+	              default => $sender);
+	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $sender, "\n";
+	$prompting++;
+}
+
+if (!@to) {
+	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to? ");
+	push @to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
+	$prompting++;
+}
+
+sub expand_aliases {
+	return map { expand_one_alias($_) } @_;
+}
+
+my %EXPANDED_ALIASES;
+sub expand_one_alias {
+	my $alias = shift;
+	if ($EXPANDED_ALIASES{$alias}) {
+		die "fatal: alias '$alias' expands to itself\n";
+	}
+	local $EXPANDED_ALIASES{$alias} = 1;
+	return $aliases{$alias} ? expand_aliases(@{$aliases{$alias}}) : $alias;
+}
+
+@to = expand_aliases(@to);
+@to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @to);
+@initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
+@bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
+
+if ($thread && !defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
+	$initial_reply_to = ask(
+		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email? ");
+}
+if (defined $initial_reply_to) {
+	$initial_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
+	$initial_reply_to =~ s/>?\s*$//;
+	$initial_reply_to = "<$initial_reply_to>" if $initial_reply_to ne '';
+}
+
+if (!defined $smtp_server) {
+	foreach (qw( /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail )) {
+		if (-x $_) {
+			$smtp_server = $_;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	$smtp_server ||= 'localhost'; # could be 127.0.0.1, too... *shrug*
+}
+
+if ($compose && $compose > 0) {
+	@files = ($compose_filename . ".final", @files);
+}
+
+# Variables we set as part of the loop over files
+our ($message_id, %mail, $subject, $reply_to, $references, $message,
+	$needs_confirm, $message_num, $ask_default);
+
+sub extract_valid_address {
+	my $address = shift;
+	my $local_part_regexp = '[^<>"\s@]+';
+	my $domain_regexp = '[^.<>"\s@]+(?:\.[^.<>"\s@]+)+';
+
+	# check for a local address:
+	return $address if ($address =~ /^($local_part_regexp)$/);
+
+	$address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
+	if ($have_email_valid) {
+		return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
+	} else {
+		# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
+		# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
+		$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
+		return $1;
+	}
+}
+
+# Usually don't need to change anything below here.
+
+# we make a "fake" message id by taking the current number
+# of seconds since the beginning of Unix time and tacking on
+# a random number to the end, in case we are called quicker than
+# 1 second since the last time we were called.
+
+# We'll setup a template for the message id, using the "from" address:
+
+my ($message_id_stamp, $message_id_serial);
+sub make_message_id
+{
+	my $uniq;
+	if (!defined $message_id_stamp) {
+		$message_id_stamp = sprintf("%s-%s", time, $$);
+		$message_id_serial = 0;
+	}
+	$message_id_serial++;
+	$uniq = "$message_id_stamp-$message_id_serial";
+
+	my $du_part;
+	for ($sender, $repocommitter, $repoauthor) {
+		$du_part = extract_valid_address(sanitize_address($_));
+		last if (defined $du_part and $du_part ne '');
+	}
+	if (not defined $du_part or $du_part eq '') {
+		use Sys::Hostname qw();
+		$du_part = 'user@' . Sys::Hostname::hostname();
+	}
+	my $message_id_template = "<%s-git-send-email-%s>";
+	$message_id = sprintf($message_id_template, $uniq, $du_part);
+	#print "new message id = $message_id\n"; # Was useful for debugging
+}
+
+
+
+$time = time - scalar $#files;
+
+sub unquote_rfc2047 {
+	local ($_) = @_;
+	my $encoding;
+	if (s/=\?([^?]+)\?q\?(.*)\?=/$2/g) {
+		$encoding = $1;
+		s/_/ /g;
+		s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
+	}
+	return wantarray ? ($_, $encoding) : $_;
+}
+
+sub quote_rfc2047 {
+	local $_ = shift;
+	my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
+	s/([^-a-zA-Z0-9!*+\/])/sprintf("=%02X", ord($1))/eg;
+	s/(.*)/=\?$encoding\?q\?$1\?=/;
+	return $_;
+}
+
+sub is_rfc2047_quoted {
+	my $s = shift;
+	my $token = '[^][()<>@,;:"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+';
+	my $encoded_text = '[!->@-~]+';
+	length($s) <= 75 &&
+	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
+}
+
+# use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
+sub sanitize_address
+{
+	my ($recipient) = @_;
+	my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
+
+	if (not $recipient_name) {
+		return "$recipient";
+	}
+
+	# if recipient_name is already quoted, do nothing
+	if (is_rfc2047_quoted($recipient_name)) {
+		return $recipient;
+	}
+
+	# rfc2047 is needed if a non-ascii char is included
+	if ($recipient_name =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) {
+		$recipient_name =~ s/^"(.*)"$/$1/;
+		$recipient_name = quote_rfc2047($recipient_name);
+	}
+
+	# double quotes are needed if specials or CTLs are included
+	elsif ($recipient_name =~ /[][()<>@,;:\\".\000-\037\177]/) {
+		$recipient_name =~ s/(["\\\r])/\\$1/g;
+		$recipient_name = "\"$recipient_name\"";
+	}
+
+	return "$recipient_name $recipient_addr";
+
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
+# In actuality, the whole program dies when there
+# is an error sending a message.
+
+sub send_message
+{
+	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
+	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address($_);
+		      not grep { $cc eq $_ } @recipients
+		    }
+	       map { sanitize_address($_) }
+	       @cc);
+	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
+	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
+	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address($_) } @recipients);
+	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
+	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
+	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
+	    $gitversion = Git::version();
+	}
+
+	my $cc = join(",\n\t", unique_email_list(@cc));
+	my $ccline = "";
+	if ($cc ne '') {
+		$ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
+	}
+	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+	make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
+
+	my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+To: $to${ccline}
+Subject: $subject
+Date: $date
+Message-Id: $message_id
+X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
+";
+	if ($reply_to) {
+
+		$header .= "In-Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
+		$header .= "References: $references\n";
+	}
+	if (@xh) {
+		$header .= join("\n", @xh) . "\n";
+	}
+
+	my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
+	my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+	if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
+		$raw_from = $envelope_sender;
+	}
+	$raw_from = extract_valid_address($raw_from);
+	unshift (@sendmail_parameters,
+			'-f', $raw_from) if(defined $envelope_sender);
+
+	if ($needs_confirm && !$dry_run) {
+		print "\n$header\n";
+		if ($needs_confirm eq "inform") {
+			$confirm_unconfigured = 0; # squelch this message for the rest of this run
+			$ask_default = "y"; # assume yes on EOF since user hasn't explicitly asked for confirmation
+			print "    The Cc list above has been expanded by additional\n";
+			print "    addresses found in the patch commit message. By default\n";
+			print "    send-email prompts before sending whenever this occurs.\n";
+			print "    This behavior is controlled by the sendemail.confirm\n";
+			print "    configuration setting.\n";
+			print "\n";
+			print "    For additional information, run 'git send-email --help'.\n";
+			print "    To retain the current behavior, but squelch this message,\n";
+			print "    run 'git config --global sendemail.confirm auto'.\n\n";
+		}
+		$_ = ask("Send this email? ([y]es|[n]o|[q]uit|[a]ll): ",
+		         valid_re => qr/^(?:yes|y|no|n|quit|q|all|a)/i,
+		         default => $ask_default);
+		die "Send this email reply required" unless defined $_;
+		if (/^n/i) {
+			return 0;
+		} elsif (/^q/i) {
+			cleanup_compose_files();
+			exit(0);
+		} elsif (/^a/i) {
+			$confirm = 'never';
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($dry_run) {
+		# We don't want to send the email.
+	} elsif ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
+		my $pid = open my $sm, '|-';
+		defined $pid or die $!;
+		if (!$pid) {
+			exec($smtp_server, @sendmail_parameters) or die $!;
+		}
+		print $sm "$header\n$message";
+		close $sm or die $?;
+	} else {
+
+		if (!defined $smtp_server) {
+			die "The required SMTP server is not properly defined."
+		}
+
+		if ($smtp_encryption eq 'ssl') {
+			$smtp_server_port ||= 465; # ssmtp
+			require Net::SMTP::SSL;
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server, Port => $smtp_server_port);
+		}
+		else {
+			require Net::SMTP;
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
+						 ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
+						 : $smtp_server);
+			if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
+				require Net::SMTP::SSL;
+				$smtp->command('STARTTLS');
+				$smtp->response();
+				if ($smtp->code == 220) {
+					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp)
+						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".$smtp->message;
+					$smtp_encryption = '';
+					# Send EHLO again to receive fresh
+					# supported commands
+					$smtp->hello();
+				} else {
+					die "Server does not support STARTTLS! ".$smtp->message;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!$smtp) {
+			die "Unable to initialize SMTP properly.  Is there something wrong with your config?";
+		}
+
+		if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
+
+			if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
+
+				system "stty -echo";
+
+				do {
+					print "Password: ";
+					$_ = <STDIN>;
+					print "\n";
+				} while (!defined $_);
+
+				chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
+
+				system "stty echo";
+			}
+
+			$auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
+		}
+
+		$smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
+		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
+		$smtp->data or die $smtp->message;
+		$smtp->datasend("$header\n$message") or die $smtp->message;
+		$smtp->dataend() or die $smtp->message;
+		$smtp->code =~ /250|200/ or die "Failed to send $subject\n".$smtp->message;
+	}
+	if ($quiet) {
+		printf (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."Sent %s\n", $subject);
+	} else {
+		print (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."OK. Log says:\n");
+		if ($smtp_server !~ m#^/#) {
+			print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
+			print "MAIL FROM:<$raw_from>\n";
+			foreach my $entry (@recipients) {
+			    print "RCPT TO:<$entry>\n";
+			}
+		} else {
+			print "Sendmail: $smtp_server ".join(' ',@sendmail_parameters)."\n";
+		}
+		print $header, "\n";
+		if ($smtp) {
+			print "Result: ", $smtp->code, ' ',
+				($smtp->message =~ /\n([^\n]+\n)$/s), "\n";
+		} else {
+			print "Result: OK\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+$reply_to = $initial_reply_to;
+$references = $initial_reply_to || '';
+$subject = $initial_subject;
+$message_num = 0;
+
+foreach my $t (@files) {
+	open(F,"<",$t) or die "can't open file $t";
+
+	my $author = undef;
+	my $author_encoding;
+	my $has_content_type;
+	my $body_encoding;
+	@cc = ();
+	@xh = ();
+	my $input_format = undef;
+	my @header = ();
+	$message = "";
+	$message_num++;
+	# First unfold multiline header fields
+	while(<F>) {
+		last if /^\s*$/;
+		if (/^\s+\S/ and @header) {
+			chomp($header[$#header]);
+			s/^\s+/ /;
+			$header[$#header] .= $_;
+	    } else {
+			push(@header, $_);
+		}
+	}
+	# Now parse the header
+	foreach(@header) {
+		if (/^From /) {
+			$input_format = 'mbox';
+			next;
+		}
+		chomp;
+		if (!defined $input_format && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s/) {
+			$input_format = 'mbox';
+		}
+
+		if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
+			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+				$subject = $1;
+			}
+			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+				($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+				next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
+				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
+				printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
+				push @cc, $1;
+			}
+			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
+					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+						next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
+					} else {
+						next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
+					}
+					printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
+					push @cc, $addr;
+				}
+			}
+			elsif (/^Content-type:/i) {
+				$has_content_type = 1;
+				if (/charset="?([^ "]+)/) {
+					$body_encoding = $1;
+				}
+				push @xh, $_;
+			}
+			elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
+				$message_id = $1;
+			}
+			elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+				push @xh, $_;
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			# In the traditional
+			# "send lots of email" format,
+			# line 1 = cc
+			# line 2 = subject
+			# So let's support that, too.
+			$input_format = 'lots';
+			if (@cc == 0 && !$suppress_cc{'cc'}) {
+				printf("(non-mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+					$_, $_) unless $quiet;
+				push @cc, $_;
+			} elsif (!defined $subject) {
+				$subject = $_;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	# Now parse the message body
+	while(<F>) {
+		$message .=  $_;
+		if (/^(Signed-off-by|Cc): (.*)$/i) {
+			chomp;
+			my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
+			chomp $c;
+			if ($c eq $sender) {
+				next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
+			} else {
+				next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
+				next if $suppress_cc{'bodycc'} and $what =~ /Cc/i;
+			}
+			push @cc, $c;
+			printf("(body) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+				$c, $_) unless $quiet;
+		}
+	}
+	close F;
+
+	if (defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'}) {
+		open(F, "$cc_cmd \Q$t\E |")
+			or die "(cc-cmd) Could not execute '$cc_cmd'";
+		while(<F>) {
+			my $c = $_;
+			$c =~ s/^\s*//g;
+			$c =~ s/\n$//g;
+			next if ($c eq $sender and $suppress_from);
+			push @cc, $c;
+			printf("(cc-cmd) Adding cc: %s from: '%s'\n",
+				$c, $cc_cmd) unless $quiet;
+		}
+		close F
+			or die "(cc-cmd) failed to close pipe to '$cc_cmd'";
+	}
+
+	if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+		$message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
+		if (defined $author_encoding) {
+			if ($has_content_type) {
+				if ($body_encoding eq $author_encoding) {
+					# ok, we already have the right encoding
+				}
+				else {
+					# uh oh, we should re-encode
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				push @xh,
+				  'MIME-Version: 1.0',
+				  "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding",
+				  'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit';
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$needs_confirm = (
+		$confirm eq "always" or
+		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|cc)$/ && @cc) or
+		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
+	$needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
+
+	@cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
+
+	my $message_was_sent = send_message();
+
+	# set up for the next message
+	if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
+		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0)) {
+		$reply_to = $message_id;
+		if (length $references > 0) {
+			$references .= "\n $message_id";
+		} else {
+			$references = "$message_id";
+		}
+	}
+	$message_id = undef;
+}
+
+cleanup_compose_files();
+
+sub cleanup_compose_files() {
+	unlink($compose_filename, $compose_filename . ".final") if $compose;
+}
+
+$smtp->quit if $smtp;
+
+sub unique_email_list(@) {
+	my %seen;
+	my @emails;
+
+	foreach my $entry (@_) {
+		if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
+			$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
+			next if $seen{$clean}++;
+			push @emails, $entry;
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
+					" from: $entry\n";
+		}
+	}
+	return @emails;
+}
+
+sub validate_patch {
+	my $fn = shift;
+	open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
+		or die "unable to open $fn: $!\n";
+	while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+		if (length($line) > 998) {
+			return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
+		}
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub file_has_nonascii {
+	my $fn = shift;
+	open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
+		or die "unable to open $fn: $!\n";
+	while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+		return 1 if $line =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d56426d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# This is included in commands that either have to be run from the toplevel
+# of the repository, or with GIT_DIR environment variable properly.
+# If the GIT_DIR does not look like the right correct git-repository,
+# it dies.
+
+# Having this variable in your environment would break scripts because
+# you would cause "cd" to be taken to unexpected places.  If you
+# like CDPATH, define it for your interactive shell sessions without
+# exporting it.
+unset CDPATH
+
+git_broken_path_fix () {
+	case ":$PATH:" in
+	*:$1:*) : ok ;;
+	*)
+		PATH=$(
+			SANE_TOOL_PATH="$1"
+			IFS=: path= sep=
+			set x $PATH
+			shift
+			for elem
+			do
+				case "$SANE_TOOL_PATH:$elem" in
+				(?*:/bin | ?*:/usr/bin)
+					path="$path$sep$SANE_TOOL_PATH"
+					sep=:
+					SANE_TOOL_PATH=
+				esac
+				path="$path$sep$elem"
+				sep=:
+			done
+			echo "$path"
+		)
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@
+
+die() {
+	echo >&2 "$@"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+GIT_QUIET=
+
+say () {
+	if test -z "$GIT_QUIET"
+	then
+		printf '%s\n' "$*"
+	fi
+}
+
+if test -n "$OPTIONS_SPEC"; then
+	usage() {
+		"$0" -h
+		exit 1
+	}
+
+	parseopt_extra=
+	[ -n "$OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH" ] &&
+		parseopt_extra="--keep-dashdash"
+
+	eval "$(
+		echo "$OPTIONS_SPEC" |
+			git rev-parse --parseopt $parseopt_extra -- "$@" ||
+		echo exit $?
+	)"
+else
+	dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
+	usage() {
+		die "Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+	}
+
+	if [ -z "$LONG_USAGE" ]
+	then
+		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+	else
+		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE
+
+$LONG_USAGE"
+	fi
+
+	case "$1" in
+		-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)
+		echo "$LONG_USAGE"
+		exit
+	esac
+fi
+
+set_reflog_action() {
+	if [ -z "${GIT_REFLOG_ACTION:+set}" ]
+	then
+		GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$*"
+		export GIT_REFLOG_ACTION
+	fi
+}
+
+git_editor() {
+	if test -z "${GIT_EDITOR:+set}"
+	then
+		GIT_EDITOR="$(git var GIT_EDITOR)" || return $?
+	fi
+
+	eval "$GIT_EDITOR" '"$@"'
+}
+
+sane_grep () {
+	GREP_OPTIONS= LC_ALL=C grep "$@"
+}
+
+sane_egrep () {
+	GREP_OPTIONS= LC_ALL=C egrep "$@"
+}
+
+is_bare_repository () {
+	git rev-parse --is-bare-repository
+}
+
+cd_to_toplevel () {
+	cdup=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) &&
+	cd "$cdup" || {
+		echo >&2 "Cannot chdir to $cdup, the toplevel of the working tree"
+		exit 1
+	}
+}
+
+require_work_tree () {
+	test $(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree) = true ||
+	die "fatal: $0 cannot be used without a working tree."
+}
+
+get_author_ident_from_commit () {
+	pick_author_script='
+	/^author /{
+		s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
+		h
+		s/^author \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
+		s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='\''&'\''/p
+
+		g
+		s/^author [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
+		s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='\''&'\''/p
+
+		g
+		s/^author [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
+		s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
+		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='\''&'\''/p
+
+		q
+	}
+	'
+	encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
+	git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$1" -- |
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"
+}
+
+# Make sure we are in a valid repository of a vintage we understand,
+# if we require to be in a git repository.
+if test -z "$NONGIT_OK"
+then
+	GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --git-dir) || exit
+	if [ -z "$SUBDIRECTORY_OK" ]
+	then
+		test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || {
+			exit=$?
+			echo >&2 "You need to run this command from the toplevel of the working tree."
+			exit $exit
+		}
+	fi
+	test -n "$GIT_DIR" && GIT_DIR=$(cd "$GIT_DIR" && pwd) || {
+		echo >&2 "Unable to determine absolute path of git directory"
+		exit 1
+	}
+	: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$GIT_DIR/objects"}
+fi
+
+# Fix some commands on Windows
+case $(uname -s) in
+*MINGW*)
+	# Windows has its own (incompatible) sort and find
+	sort () {
+		/usr/bin/sort "$@"
+	}
+	find () {
+		/usr/bin/find "$@"
+	}
+	;;
+esac
diff --git a/git-stash.sh b/git-stash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3a0685f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-stash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2007, Nanako Shiraishi
+
+dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
+USAGE="list [<options>]
+   or: $dashless show [<stash>]
+   or: $dashless drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
+   or: $dashless ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
+   or: $dashless branch <branchname> [<stash>]
+   or: $dashless [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]]
+   or: $dashless clear"
+
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+require_work_tree
+cd_to_toplevel
+
+TMP="$GIT_DIR/.git-stash.$$"
+trap 'rm -f "$TMP-*"' 0
+
+ref_stash=refs/stash
+
+if git config --get-colorbool color.interactive; then
+       help_color="$(git config --get-color color.interactive.help 'red bold')"
+       reset_color="$(git config --get-color '' reset)"
+else
+       help_color=
+       reset_color=
+fi
+
+no_changes () {
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --ignore-submodules -- &&
+	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules
+}
+
+clear_stash () {
+	if test $# != 0
+	then
+		die "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+	fi
+	if current=$(git rev-parse --verify $ref_stash 2>/dev/null)
+	then
+		git update-ref -d $ref_stash $current
+	fi
+}
+
+create_stash () {
+	stash_msg="$1"
+
+	git update-index -q --refresh
+	if no_changes
+	then
+		exit 0
+	fi
+
+	# state of the base commit
+	if b_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	then
+		head=$(git log --no-color --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline -n 1 HEAD --)
+	else
+		die "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+	fi
+
+	if branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+	then
+		branch=${branch#refs/heads/}
+	else
+		branch='(no branch)'
+	fi
+	msg=$(printf '%s: %s' "$branch" "$head")
+
+	# state of the index
+	i_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	i_commit=$(printf 'index on %s\n' "$msg" |
+		git commit-tree $i_tree -p $b_commit) ||
+		die "Cannot save the current index state"
+
+	if test -z "$patch_mode"
+	then
+
+		# state of the working tree
+		w_tree=$( (
+			rm -f "$TMP-index" &&
+			cp -p ${GIT_INDEX_FILE-"$GIT_DIR/index"} "$TMP-index" &&
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP-index" &&
+			export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+			git read-tree -m $i_tree &&
+			git add -u &&
+			git write-tree &&
+			rm -f "$TMP-index"
+		) ) ||
+			die "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+
+	else
+
+		rm -f "$TMP-index" &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP-index" git read-tree HEAD &&
+
+		# find out what the user wants
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP-index" \
+			git add--interactive --patch=stash -- &&
+
+		# state of the working tree
+		w_tree=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMP-index" git write-tree) ||
+		die "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+
+		git diff-tree -p HEAD $w_tree > "$TMP-patch" &&
+		test -s "$TMP-patch" ||
+		die "No changes selected"
+
+		rm -f "$TMP-index" ||
+		die "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+
+	fi
+
+	# create the stash
+	if test -z "$stash_msg"
+	then
+		stash_msg=$(printf 'WIP on %s' "$msg")
+	else
+		stash_msg=$(printf 'On %s: %s' "$branch" "$stash_msg")
+	fi
+	w_commit=$(printf '%s\n' "$stash_msg" |
+		git commit-tree $w_tree -p $b_commit -p $i_commit) ||
+		die "Cannot record working tree state"
+}
+
+save_stash () {
+	keep_index=
+	patch_mode=
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-k|--keep-index)
+			keep_index=t
+			;;
+		--no-keep-index)
+			keep_index=
+			;;
+		-p|--patch)
+			patch_mode=t
+			keep_index=t
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=t
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			echo "error: unknown option for 'stash save': $1"
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	stash_msg="$*"
+
+	git update-index -q --refresh
+	if no_changes
+	then
+		say 'No local changes to save'
+		exit 0
+	fi
+	test -f "$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash" ||
+		clear_stash || die "Cannot initialize stash"
+
+	create_stash "$stash_msg"
+
+	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
+	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
+
+	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit ||
+		die "Cannot save the current status"
+	say Saved working directory and index state "$stash_msg"
+
+	if test -z "$patch_mode"
+	then
+		git reset --hard ${GIT_QUIET:+-q}
+
+		if test -n "$keep_index" && test -n $i_tree
+		then
+			git read-tree --reset -u $i_tree
+		fi
+	else
+		git apply -R < "$TMP-patch" ||
+		die "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+
+		if test -z "$keep_index"
+		then
+			git reset
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+have_stash () {
+	git rev-parse --verify $ref_stash >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+list_stash () {
+	have_stash || return 0
+	git log --format="%gd: %gs" -g "$@" $ref_stash --
+}
+
+show_stash () {
+	flags=$(git rev-parse --no-revs --flags "$@")
+	if test -z "$flags"
+	then
+		flags=--stat
+	fi
+
+	w_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify --default $ref_stash "$@") &&
+	b_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify "$w_commit^") &&
+	git diff $flags $b_commit $w_commit
+}
+
+apply_stash () {
+	unstash_index=
+
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		--index)
+			unstash_index=t
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		have_stash || die 'Nothing to apply'
+	fi
+
+	# stash records the work tree, and is a merge between the
+	# base commit (first parent) and the index tree (second parent).
+	s=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify --default $ref_stash "$@") &&
+	w_tree=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$s:") &&
+	b_tree=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$s^1:") &&
+	i_tree=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$s^2:") ||
+		die "$*: no valid stashed state found"
+
+	git update-index -q --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules ||
+		die 'Cannot apply to a dirty working tree, please stage your changes'
+
+	# current index state
+	c_tree=$(git write-tree) ||
+		die 'Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge'
+
+	unstashed_index_tree=
+	if test -n "$unstash_index" && test "$b_tree" != "$i_tree" &&
+			test "$c_tree" != "$i_tree"
+	then
+		git diff-tree --binary $s^2^..$s^2 | git apply --cached
+		test $? -ne 0 &&
+			die 'Conflicts in index. Try without --index.'
+		unstashed_index_tree=$(git write-tree) ||
+			die 'Could not save index tree'
+		git reset
+	fi
+
+	eval "
+		GITHEAD_$w_tree='Stashed changes' &&
+		GITHEAD_$c_tree='Updated upstream' &&
+		GITHEAD_$b_tree='Version stash was based on' &&
+		export GITHEAD_$w_tree GITHEAD_$c_tree GITHEAD_$b_tree
+	"
+
+	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
+	then
+		export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0
+	fi
+	if git merge-recursive $b_tree -- $c_tree $w_tree
+	then
+		# No conflict
+		if test -n "$unstashed_index_tree"
+		then
+			git read-tree "$unstashed_index_tree"
+		else
+			a="$TMP-added" &&
+			git diff-index --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A $c_tree >"$a" &&
+			git read-tree --reset $c_tree &&
+			git update-index --add --stdin <"$a" ||
+				die "Cannot unstage modified files"
+			rm -f "$a"
+		fi
+		squelch=
+		if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
+		then
+			squelch='>/dev/null 2>&1'
+		fi
+		eval "git status $squelch" || :
+	else
+		# Merge conflict; keep the exit status from merge-recursive
+		status=$?
+		if test -n "$unstash_index"
+		then
+			echo >&2 'Index was not unstashed.'
+		fi
+		exit $status
+	fi
+}
+
+drop_stash () {
+	have_stash || die 'No stash entries to drop'
+
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		set x "$ref_stash@{0}"
+		shift
+	fi
+	# Verify supplied argument looks like a stash entry
+	s=$(git rev-parse --verify "$@") &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$s:"   > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$s^1:" > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$s^2:" > /dev/null 2>&1 ||
+		die "$*: not a valid stashed state"
+
+	git reflog delete --updateref --rewrite "$@" &&
+		say "Dropped $* ($s)" || die "$*: Could not drop stash entry"
+
+	# clear_stash if we just dropped the last stash entry
+	git rev-parse --verify "$ref_stash@{0}" > /dev/null 2>&1 || clear_stash
+}
+
+apply_to_branch () {
+	have_stash || die 'Nothing to apply'
+
+	test -n "$1" || die 'No branch name specified'
+	branch=$1
+
+	if test -z "$2"
+	then
+		set x "$ref_stash@{0}"
+	fi
+	stash=$2
+
+	git checkout -b $branch $stash^ &&
+	apply_stash --index $stash &&
+	drop_stash $stash
+}
+
+# The default command is "save" if nothing but options are given
+seen_non_option=
+for opt
+do
+	case "$opt" in
+	-*) ;;
+	*) seen_non_option=t; break ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+test -n "$seen_non_option" || set "save" "$@"
+
+# Main command set
+case "$1" in
+list)
+	shift
+	list_stash "$@"
+	;;
+show)
+	shift
+	show_stash "$@"
+	;;
+save)
+	shift
+	save_stash "$@"
+	;;
+apply)
+	shift
+	apply_stash "$@"
+	;;
+clear)
+	shift
+	clear_stash "$@"
+	;;
+create)
+	if test $# -gt 0 && test "$1" = create
+	then
+		shift
+	fi
+	create_stash "$*" && echo "$w_commit"
+	;;
+drop)
+	shift
+	drop_stash "$@"
+	;;
+pop)
+	shift
+	if apply_stash "$@"
+	then
+		test -z "$unstash_index" || shift
+		drop_stash "$@"
+	fi
+	;;
+branch)
+	shift
+	apply_to_branch "$@"
+	;;
+*)
+	case $# in
+	0)
+		save_stash &&
+		say '(To restore them type "git stash apply")'
+		;;
+	*)
+		usage
+	esac
+	;;
+esac
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..664f217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,885 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# git-submodules.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
+
+dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
+USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b branch] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]"
+OPTIONS_SPEC=
+. git-sh-setup
+. git-parse-remote
+require_work_tree
+
+command=
+branch=
+reference=
+cached=
+files=
+nofetch=
+update=
+prefix=
+
+# Resolve relative url by appending to parent's url
+resolve_relative_url ()
+{
+	remote=$(get_default_remote)
+	remoteurl=$(git config "remote.$remote.url") ||
+		die "remote ($remote) does not have a url defined in .git/config"
+	url="$1"
+	remoteurl=${remoteurl%/}
+	while test -n "$url"
+	do
+		case "$url" in
+		../*)
+			url="${url#../}"
+			remoteurl="${remoteurl%/*}"
+			;;
+		./*)
+			url="${url#./}"
+			;;
+		*)
+			break;;
+		esac
+	done
+	echo "$remoteurl/${url%/}"
+}
+
+#
+# Get submodule info for registered submodules
+# $@ = path to limit submodule list
+#
+module_list()
+{
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" | sane_grep '^160000 '
+}
+
+#
+# Map submodule path to submodule name
+#
+# $1 = path
+#
+module_name()
+{
+	# Do we have "submodule.<something>.path = $1" defined in .gitmodules file?
+	re=$(printf '%s\n' "$1" | sed -e 's/[].[^$\\*]/\\&/g')
+	name=$( git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp '^submodule\..*\.path$' |
+		sed -n -e 's|^submodule\.\(.*\)\.path '"$re"'$|\1|p' )
+       test -z "$name" &&
+       die "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$path'"
+       echo "$name"
+}
+
+#
+# Clone a submodule
+#
+# Prior to calling, cmd_update checks that a possibly existing
+# path is not a git repository.
+# Likewise, cmd_add checks that path does not exist at all,
+# since it is the location of a new submodule.
+#
+module_clone()
+{
+	path=$1
+	url=$2
+	reference="$3"
+
+	# If there already is a directory at the submodule path,
+	# expect it to be empty (since that is the default checkout
+	# action) and try to remove it.
+	# Note: if $path is a symlink to a directory the test will
+	# succeed but the rmdir will fail. We might want to fix this.
+	if test -d "$path"
+	then
+		rmdir "$path" 2>/dev/null ||
+		die "Directory '$path' exists, but is neither empty nor a git repository"
+	fi
+
+	test -e "$path" &&
+	die "A file already exist at path '$path'"
+
+	if test -n "$reference"
+	then
+		git-clone "$reference" -n "$url" "$path"
+	else
+		git-clone -n "$url" "$path"
+	fi ||
+	die "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$path' failed"
+}
+
+#
+# Add a new submodule to the working tree, .gitmodules and the index
+#
+# $@ = repo path
+#
+# optional branch is stored in global branch variable
+#
+cmd_add()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... add".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-b | --branch)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			branch=$2
+			shift
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--reference)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			reference="--reference=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--reference=*)
+			reference="$1"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	repo=$1
+	path=$2
+
+	if test -z "$path"; then
+		path=$(echo "$repo" |
+			sed -e 's|/$||' -e 's|:*/*\.git$||' -e 's|.*[/:]||g')
+	fi
+
+	if test -z "$repo" -o -z "$path"; then
+		usage
+	fi
+
+	# assure repo is absolute or relative to parent
+	case "$repo" in
+	./*|../*)
+		# dereference source url relative to parent's url
+		realrepo=$(resolve_relative_url "$repo") || exit
+		;;
+	*:*|/*)
+		# absolute url
+		realrepo=$repo
+		;;
+	*)
+		die "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+	;;
+	esac
+
+	# normalize path:
+	# multiple //; leading ./; /./; /../; trailing /
+	path=$(printf '%s/\n' "$path" |
+		sed -e '
+			s|//*|/|g
+			s|^\(\./\)*||
+			s|/\./|/|g
+			:start
+			s|\([^/]*\)/\.\./||
+			tstart
+			s|/*$||
+		')
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch "$path" > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	die "'$path' already exists in the index"
+
+	# perhaps the path exists and is already a git repo, else clone it
+	if test -e "$path"
+	then
+		if test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		then
+			echo "Adding existing repo at '$path' to the index"
+		else
+			die "'$path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+		fi
+
+		case "$repo" in
+		./*|../*)
+			url=$(resolve_relative_url "$repo") || exit
+		    ;;
+		*)
+			url="$repo"
+			;;
+		esac
+		git config submodule."$path".url "$url"
+	else
+
+		module_clone "$path" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
+		(
+			unset GIT_DIR
+			cd "$path" &&
+			# ash fails to wordsplit ${branch:+-b "$branch"...}
+			case "$branch" in
+			'') git checkout -f -q ;;
+			?*) git checkout -f -q -b "$branch" "origin/$branch" ;;
+			esac
+		) || die "Unable to checkout submodule '$path'"
+	fi
+
+	git add "$path" ||
+	die "Failed to add submodule '$path'"
+
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$path".path "$path" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$path".url "$repo" &&
+	git add .gitmodules ||
+	die "Failed to register submodule '$path'"
+}
+
+#
+# Execute an arbitrary command sequence in each checked out
+# submodule
+#
+# $@ = command to execute
+#
+cmd_foreach()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... foreach".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--recursive)
+			recursive=1
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	module_list |
+	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	do
+		if test -e "$path"/.git
+		then
+			say "Entering '$prefix$path'"
+			name=$(module_name "$path")
+			(
+				prefix="$prefix$path/"
+				unset GIT_DIR
+				cd "$path" &&
+				eval "$@" &&
+				if test -n "$recursive"
+				then
+					cmd_foreach "--recursive" "$@"
+				fi
+			) ||
+			die "Stopping at '$path'; script returned non-zero status."
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+#
+# Register submodules in .git/config
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (default to all)
+#
+cmd_init()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... init".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	do
+		# Skip already registered paths
+		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		test -z "$url" || continue
+
+		url=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".url)
+		test -z "$url" &&
+		die "No url found for submodule path '$path' in .gitmodules"
+
+		# Possibly a url relative to parent
+		case "$url" in
+		./*|../*)
+			url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		git config submodule."$name".url "$url" ||
+		die "Failed to register url for submodule path '$path'"
+
+		upd="$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".update)"
+		test -z "$upd" ||
+		git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
+		die "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$path'"
+
+		say "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$path'"
+	done
+}
+
+#
+# Update each submodule path to correct revision, using clone and checkout as needed
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (default to all)
+#
+cmd_update()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... update".
+	orig_args="$@"
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-q|--quiet)
+			shift
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		-i|--init)
+			init=1
+			shift
+			;;
+		-N|--no-fetch)
+			shift
+			nofetch=1
+			;;
+		-r|--rebase)
+			shift
+			update="rebase"
+			;;
+		--reference)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			reference="--reference=$2"
+			shift 2
+			;;
+		--reference=*)
+			reference="$1"
+			shift
+			;;
+		-m|--merge)
+			shift
+			update="merge"
+			;;
+		--recursive)
+			shift
+			recursive=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	if test -n "$init"
+	then
+		cmd_init "--" "$@" || return
+	fi
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	do
+		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		update_module=$(git config submodule."$name".update)
+		if test -z "$url"
+		then
+			# Only mention uninitialized submodules when its
+			# path have been specified
+			test "$#" != "0" &&
+			say "Submodule path '$path' not initialized" &&
+			say "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+			continue
+		fi
+
+		if ! test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		then
+			module_clone "$path" "$url" "$reference"|| exit
+			subsha1=
+		else
+			subsha1=$(unset GIT_DIR; cd "$path" &&
+				git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
+			die "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$path'"
+		fi
+
+		if ! test -z "$update"
+		then
+			update_module=$update
+		fi
+
+		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1"
+		then
+			force=
+			if test -z "$subsha1"
+			then
+				force="-f"
+			fi
+
+			if test -z "$nofetch"
+			then
+				(unset GIT_DIR; cd "$path" &&
+					git-fetch) ||
+				die "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$path'"
+			fi
+
+			case "$update_module" in
+			rebase)
+				command="git rebase"
+				action="rebase"
+				msg="rebased onto"
+				;;
+			merge)
+				command="git merge"
+				action="merge"
+				msg="merged in"
+				;;
+			*)
+				command="git checkout $force -q"
+				action="checkout"
+				msg="checked out"
+				;;
+			esac
+
+			(unset GIT_DIR; cd "$path" && $command "$sha1") ||
+			die "Unable to $action '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
+			say "Submodule path '$path': $msg '$sha1'"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$recursive"
+		then
+			(unset GIT_DIR; cd "$path" && cmd_update $orig_args) ||
+			die "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+set_name_rev () {
+	revname=$( (
+		unset GIT_DIR
+		cd "$1" && {
+			git describe "$2" 2>/dev/null ||
+			git describe --tags "$2" 2>/dev/null ||
+			git describe --contains "$2" 2>/dev/null ||
+			git describe --all --always "$2"
+		}
+	) )
+	test -z "$revname" || revname=" ($revname)"
+}
+#
+# Show commit summary for submodules in index or working tree
+#
+# If '--cached' is given, show summary between index and given commit,
+# or between working tree and given commit
+#
+# $@ = [commit (default 'HEAD'),] requested paths (default all)
+#
+cmd_summary() {
+	summary_limit=-1
+	for_status=
+	diff_cmd=diff-index
+
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... summary".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		--cached)
+			cached="$1"
+			;;
+		--files)
+			files="$1"
+			;;
+		--for-status)
+			for_status="$1"
+			;;
+		-n|--summary-limit)
+			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
+			then
+				:
+			else
+				usage
+			fi
+			shift
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	test $summary_limit = 0 && return
+
+	if rev=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$1^0")
+	then
+		head=$rev
+		shift
+	else
+		head=HEAD
+	fi
+
+	if [ -n "$files" ]
+	then
+		test -n "$cached" &&
+		die "--cached cannot be used with --files"
+		diff_cmd=diff-files
+		head=
+	fi
+
+	cd_to_toplevel
+	# Get modified modules cared by user
+	modules=$(git $diff_cmd $cached --raw $head -- "$@" |
+		sane_egrep '^:([0-7]* )?160000' |
+		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+		do
+			# Always show modules deleted or type-changed (blob<->module)
+			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$name" && continue
+			# Also show added or modified modules which are checked out
+			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+			echo "$name"
+		done
+	)
+
+	test -z "$modules" && return
+
+	git $diff_cmd $cached --raw $head -- $modules |
+	sane_egrep '^:([0-7]* )?160000' |
+	cut -c2- |
+	while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+	do
+		if test -z "$cached" &&
+			test $sha1_dst = 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+		then
+			case "$mod_dst" in
+			160000)
+				sha1_dst=$(GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git rev-parse HEAD)
+				;;
+			100644 | 100755 | 120000)
+				sha1_dst=$(git hash-object $name)
+				;;
+			000000)
+				;; # removed
+			*)
+				# unexpected type
+				echo >&2 "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+				continue ;;
+			esac
+		fi
+		missing_src=
+		missing_dst=
+
+		test $mod_src = 160000 &&
+		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse -q --verify $sha1_src^0 >/dev/null &&
+		missing_src=t
+
+		test $mod_dst = 160000 &&
+		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse -q --verify $sha1_dst^0 >/dev/null &&
+		missing_dst=t
+
+		total_commits=
+		case "$missing_src,$missing_dst" in
+		t,)
+			errmsg="  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+			;;
+		,t)
+			errmsg="  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+			;;
+		t,t)
+			errmsg="  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+			;;
+		*)
+			errmsg=
+			total_commits=$(
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				range="$sha1_src...$sha1_dst"
+			elif test $mod_src = 160000
+			then
+				range=$sha1_src
+			else
+				range=$sha1_dst
+			fi
+			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+			git log --pretty=oneline --first-parent $range | wc -l
+			)
+			total_commits=" ($(($total_commits + 0)))"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		sha1_abbr_src=$(echo $sha1_src | cut -c1-7)
+		sha1_abbr_dst=$(echo $sha1_dst | cut -c1-7)
+		if test $status = T
+		then
+			if test $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src(blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst(submodule)$total_commits:"
+			else
+				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src(submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst(blob)$total_commits:"
+			fi
+		else
+			echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
+		fi
+		if test -n "$errmsg"
+		then
+			# Don't give error msg for modification whose dst is not submodule
+			# i.e. deleted or changed to blob
+			test $mod_dst = 160000 && echo "$errmsg"
+		else
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				limit=
+				test $summary_limit -gt 0 && limit="-$summary_limit"
+				GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+				git log $limit --pretty='format:  %m %s' \
+				--first-parent $sha1_src...$sha1_dst
+			elif test $mod_dst = 160000
+			then
+				GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+				git log --pretty='format:  > %s' -1 $sha1_dst
+			else
+				GIT_DIR="$name/.git" \
+				git log --pretty='format:  < %s' -1 $sha1_src
+			fi
+			echo
+		fi
+		echo
+	done |
+	if test -n "$for_status"; then
+		if [ -n "$files" ]; then
+			echo "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
+		else
+			echo "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+		fi
+		echo "#"
+		sed -e 's|^|# |' -e 's|^# $|#|'
+	else
+		cat
+	fi
+}
+#
+# List all submodules, prefixed with:
+#  - submodule not initialized
+#  + different revision checked out
+#
+# If --cached was specified the revision in the index will be printed
+# instead of the currently checked out revision.
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (default to all)
+#
+cmd_status()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... status".
+	orig_args="$@"
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--cached)
+			cached=1
+			;;
+		--recursive)
+			recursive=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	do
+		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		displaypath="$prefix$path"
+		if test -z "$url" || ! test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		then
+			say "-$sha1 $displaypath"
+			continue;
+		fi
+		set_name_rev "$path" "$sha1"
+		if git diff-files --quiet -- "$path"
+		then
+			say " $sha1 $displaypath$revname"
+		else
+			if test -z "$cached"
+			then
+				sha1=$(unset GIT_DIR; cd "$path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+				set_name_rev "$path" "$sha1"
+			fi
+			say "+$sha1 $displaypath$revname"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$recursive"
+		then
+			(
+				prefix="$displaypath/"
+				unset GIT_DIR
+				cd "$path" &&
+				cmd_status $orig_args
+			) ||
+			die "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+#
+# Sync remote urls for submodules
+# This makes the value for remote.$remote.url match the value
+# specified in .gitmodules.
+#
+cmd_sync()
+{
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			shift
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+	cd_to_toplevel
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	do
+		name=$(module_name "$path")
+		url=$(git config -f .gitmodules --get submodule."$name".url)
+
+		# Possibly a url relative to parent
+		case "$url" in
+		./*|../*)
+			url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		if test -e "$path"/.git
+		then
+		(
+			unset GIT_DIR
+			cd "$path"
+			remote=$(get_default_remote)
+			say "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+			git config remote."$remote".url "$url"
+		)
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+# This loop parses the command line arguments to find the
+# subcommand name to dispatch.  Parsing of the subcommand specific
+# options are primarily done by the subcommand implementations.
+# Subcommand specific options such as --branch and --cached are
+# parsed here as well, for backward compatibility.
+
+while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	add | foreach | init | update | status | summary | sync)
+		command=$1
+		;;
+	-q|--quiet)
+		GIT_QUIET=1
+		;;
+	-b|--branch)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			usage
+			;;
+		esac
+		branch="$2"; shift
+		;;
+	--cached)
+		cached="$1"
+		;;
+	--)
+		break
+		;;
+	-*)
+		usage
+		;;
+	*)
+		break
+		;;
+	esac
+	shift
+done
+
+# No command word defaults to "status"
+test -n "$command" || command=status
+
+# "-b branch" is accepted only by "add"
+if test -n "$branch" && test "$command" != add
+then
+	usage
+fi
+
+# "--cached" is accepted only by "status" and "summary"
+if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status -a "$command" != summary
+then
+	usage
+fi
+
+"cmd_$command" "$@"
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..265852f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,6164 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+# Copyright (C) 2006, Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use vars qw/	$AUTHOR $VERSION
+		$sha1 $sha1_short $_revision $_repository
+		$_q $_authors $_authors_prog %users/;
+$AUTHOR = 'Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>';
+$VERSION = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
+
+# From which subdir have we been invoked?
+my $cmd_dir_prefix = eval {
+	command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --show-prefix/], STDERR => 0)
+} || '';
+
+my $git_dir_user_set = 1 if defined $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= '.git';
+$Git::SVN::default_repo_id = 'svn';
+$Git::SVN::default_ref_id = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
+$Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size = 100;
+$Git::SVN::_minimize_url = 'unset';
+
+if (! exists $ENV{SVN_SSH}) {
+	if (exists $ENV{GIT_SSH}) {
+		$ENV{SVN_SSH} = $ENV{GIT_SSH};
+		if ($^O eq 'msys') {
+			$ENV{SVN_SSH} =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+			$ENV{SVN_SSH} =~ s/(.*)/"$1"/;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+$Git::SVN::Log::TZ = $ENV{TZ};
+$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
+$| = 1; # unbuffer STDOUT
+
+sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
+require SVN::Core; # use()-ing this causes segfaults for me... *shrug*
+require SVN::Ra;
+require SVN::Delta;
+if ($SVN::Core::VERSION lt '1.1.0') {
+	fatal "Need SVN::Core 1.1.0 or better (got $SVN::Core::VERSION)";
+}
+my $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; 1};
+push @Git::SVN::Ra::ISA, 'SVN::Ra';
+push @SVN::Git::Editor::ISA, 'SVN::Delta::Editor';
+push @SVN::Git::Fetcher::ISA, 'SVN::Delta::Editor';
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use Digest::MD5;
+use IO::File qw//;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Spec;
+use File::Find;
+use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use Git;
+
+BEGIN {
+	# import functions from Git into our packages, en masse
+	no strict 'refs';
+	foreach (qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
+	            command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
+	            command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/) {
+		for my $package ( qw(SVN::Git::Editor SVN::Git::Fetcher
+			Git::SVN::Migration Git::SVN::Log Git::SVN),
+			__PACKAGE__) {
+			*{"${package}::$_"} = \&{"Git::$_"};
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+my ($SVN);
+
+$sha1 = qr/[a-f\d]{40}/;
+$sha1_short = qr/[a-f\d]{4,40}/;
+my ($_stdin, $_help, $_edit,
+	$_message, $_file, $_branch_dest,
+	$_template, $_shared,
+	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_dry_run, $_local,
+	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
+	$_git_format, $_commit_url, $_tag);
+$Git::SVN::_follow_parent = 1;
+$_q ||= 0;
+my %remote_opts = ( 'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
+                    'config-dir=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir,
+                    'no-auth-cache' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache,
+                    'ignore-paths=s' => \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_ignore_regex );
+my %fc_opts = ( 'follow-parent|follow!' => \$Git::SVN::_follow_parent,
+		'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
+		'authors-prog=s' => \$_authors_prog,
+		'repack:i' => \$Git::SVN::_repack,
+		'noMetadata' => \$Git::SVN::_no_metadata,
+		'useSvmProps' => \$Git::SVN::_use_svm_props,
+		'useSvnsyncProps' => \$Git::SVN::_use_svnsync_props,
+		'log-window-size=i' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size,
+		'no-checkout' => \$_no_checkout,
+		'quiet|q+' => \$_q,
+		'repack-flags|repack-args|repack-opts=s' =>
+		   \$Git::SVN::_repack_flags,
+		'use-log-author' => \$Git::SVN::_use_log_author,
+		'add-author-from' => \$Git::SVN::_add_author_from,
+		'localtime' => \$Git::SVN::_localtime,
+		%remote_opts );
+
+my ($_trunk, @_tags, @_branches, $_stdlayout);
+my %icv;
+my %init_opts = ( 'template=s' => \$_template, 'shared:s' => \$_shared,
+                  'trunk|T=s' => \$_trunk, 'tags|t=s@' => \@_tags,
+                  'branches|b=s@' => \@_branches, 'prefix=s' => \$_prefix,
+                  'stdlayout|s' => \$_stdlayout,
+                  'minimize-url|m!' => \$Git::SVN::_minimize_url,
+		  'no-metadata' => sub { $icv{noMetadata} = 1 },
+		  'use-svm-props' => sub { $icv{useSvmProps} = 1 },
+		  'use-svnsync-props' => sub { $icv{useSvnsyncProps} = 1 },
+		  'rewrite-root=s' => sub { $icv{rewriteRoot} = $_[1] },
+		  'rewrite-uuid=s' => sub { $icv{rewriteUUID} = $_[1] },
+                  %remote_opts );
+my %cmt_opts = ( 'edit|e' => \$_edit,
+		'rmdir' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_rmdir,
+		'find-copies-harder' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_find_copies_harder,
+		'l=i' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_rename_limit,
+		'copy-similarity|C=i'=> \$SVN::Git::Editor::_cp_similarity
+);
+
+my %cmd = (
+	fetch => [ \&cmd_fetch, "Download new revisions from SVN",
+			{ 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
+			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
+			  'parent|p' => \$_fetch_parent,
+			   %fc_opts } ],
+	clone => [ \&cmd_clone, "Initialize and fetch revisions",
+			{ 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
+			   %fc_opts, %init_opts } ],
+	init => [ \&cmd_init, "Initialize a repo for tracking" .
+			  " (requires URL argument)",
+			  \%init_opts ],
+	'multi-init' => [ \&cmd_multi_init,
+	                  "Deprecated alias for ".
+			  "'$0 init -T<trunk> -b<branches> -t<tags>'",
+			  \%init_opts ],
+	dcommit => [ \&cmd_dcommit,
+	             'Commit several diffs to merge with upstream',
+			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
+			  'strategy|s=s' => \$_strategy,
+			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
+			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
+			  'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url,
+			  'revision|r=i' => \$_revision,
+			  'no-rebase' => \$_no_rebase,
+			%cmt_opts, %fc_opts } ],
+	branch => [ \&cmd_branch,
+	            'Create a branch in the SVN repository',
+	            { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
+	              'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
+	              'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	              'tag|t' => \$_tag,
+	              'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
+	              'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
+	tag => [ sub { $_tag = 1; cmd_branch(@_) },
+	         'Create a tag in the SVN repository',
+	         { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
+	           'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
+	           'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	           'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
+	           'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
+	'set-tree' => [ \&cmd_set_tree,
+	                "Set an SVN repository to a git tree-ish",
+			{ 'stdin' => \$_stdin, %cmt_opts, %fc_opts, } ],
+	'create-ignore' => [ \&cmd_create_ignore,
+			     'Create a .gitignore per svn:ignore',
+			     { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision
+			     } ],
+	'mkdirs' => [ \&cmd_mkdirs ,
+	              "recreate empty directories after a checkout",
+	              { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
+        'propget' => [ \&cmd_propget,
+		       'Print the value of a property on a file or directory',
+		       { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
+        'proplist' => [ \&cmd_proplist,
+		       'List all properties of a file or directory',
+		       { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
+	'show-ignore' => [ \&cmd_show_ignore, "Show svn:ignore listings",
+			{ 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision
+			} ],
+	'show-externals' => [ \&cmd_show_externals, "Show svn:externals listings",
+			{ 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision
+			} ],
+	'multi-fetch' => [ \&cmd_multi_fetch,
+	                   "Deprecated alias for $0 fetch --all",
+			   { 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision, %fc_opts } ],
+	'migrate' => [ sub { },
+	               # no-op, we automatically run this anyways,
+	               'Migrate configuration/metadata/layout from
+		        previous versions of git-svn',
+                       { 'minimize' => \$Git::SVN::Migration::_minimize,
+			 %remote_opts } ],
+	'log' => [ \&Git::SVN::Log::cmd_show_log, 'Show commit logs',
+			{ 'limit=i' => \$Git::SVN::Log::limit,
+			  'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
+			  'verbose|v' => \$Git::SVN::Log::verbose,
+			  'incremental' => \$Git::SVN::Log::incremental,
+			  'oneline' => \$Git::SVN::Log::oneline,
+			  'show-commit' => \$Git::SVN::Log::show_commit,
+			  'non-recursive' => \$Git::SVN::Log::non_recursive,
+			  'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
+			  'color' => \$Git::SVN::Log::color,
+			  'pager=s' => \$Git::SVN::Log::pager
+			} ],
+	'find-rev' => [ \&cmd_find_rev,
+	                "Translate between SVN revision numbers and tree-ish",
+			{} ],
+	'rebase' => [ \&cmd_rebase, "Fetch and rebase your working directory",
+			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
+			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
+			  'strategy|s=s' => \$_strategy,
+			  'local|l' => \$_local,
+			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
+			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+			  %fc_opts } ],
+	'commit-diff' => [ \&cmd_commit_diff,
+	                   'Commit a diff between two trees',
+			{ 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
+			  'file|F=s' => \$_file,
+			  'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
+			%cmt_opts } ],
+	'info' => [ \&cmd_info,
+		    "Show info about the latest SVN revision
+		     on the current branch",
+		    { 'url' => \$_url, } ],
+	'blame' => [ \&Git::SVN::Log::cmd_blame,
+	            "Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file",
+		    { 'git-format' => \$_git_format } ],
+	'reset' => [ \&cmd_reset,
+		     "Undo fetches back to the specified SVN revision",
+		     { 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
+		       'parent|p' => \$_fetch_parent } ],
+	'gc' => [ \&cmd_gc,
+		  "Compress unhandled.log files in .git/svn and remove " .
+		  "index files in .git/svn",
+		{} ],
+);
+
+my $cmd;
+for (my $i = 0; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
+	if (defined $cmd{$ARGV[$i]}) {
+		$cmd = $ARGV[$i];
+		splice @ARGV, $i, 1;
+		last;
+	} elsif ($ARGV[$i] eq 'help') {
+		$cmd = $ARGV[$i+1];
+		usage(0);
+	}
+};
+
+# make sure we're always running at the top-level working directory
+unless ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
+	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
+		if ($git_dir_user_set) {
+			die "GIT_DIR=$ENV{GIT_DIR} explicitly set, ",
+			    "but it is not a directory\n";
+		}
+		my $git_dir = delete $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+		my $cdup = undef;
+		git_cmd_try {
+			$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
+			$git_dir = '.' unless ($cdup);
+			chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
+			$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
+		} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
+		chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
+		unless (-d $git_dir) {
+			die "$git_dir still not found after going to ",
+			    "'$cdup'\n";
+		}
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	}
+	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
+}
+
+my %opts = %{$cmd{$cmd}->[2]} if (defined $cmd);
+
+read_git_config(\%opts);
+if ($cmd && ($cmd eq 'log' || $cmd eq 'blame')) {
+	Getopt::Long::Configure('pass_through');
+}
+my $rv = GetOptions(%opts, 'help|H|h' => \$_help, 'version|V' => \$_version,
+                    'minimize-connections' => \$Git::SVN::Migration::_minimize,
+                    'id|i=s' => \$Git::SVN::default_ref_id,
+                    'svn-remote|remote|R=s' => sub {
+                       $Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = 1;
+                       $Git::SVN::default_repo_id = $_[1] });
+exit 1 if (!$rv && $cmd && $cmd ne 'log');
+
+usage(0) if $_help;
+version() if $_version;
+usage(1) unless defined $cmd;
+load_authors() if $_authors;
+if (defined $_authors_prog) {
+	$_authors_prog = "'" . File::Spec->rel2abs($_authors_prog) . "'";
+}
+
+unless ($cmd =~ /^(?:clone|init|multi-init|commit-diff)$/) {
+	Git::SVN::Migration::migration_check();
+}
+Git::SVN::init_vars();
+eval {
+	Git::SVN::verify_remotes_sanity();
+	$cmd{$cmd}->[0]->(@ARGV);
+};
+fatal $@ if $@;
+post_fetch_checkout();
+exit 0;
+
+####################### primary functions ######################
+sub usage {
+	my $exit = shift || 0;
+	my $fd = $exit ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
+	print $fd <<"";
+git-svn - bidirectional operations between a single Subversion tree and git
+Usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
+
+	print $fd "Available commands:\n" unless $cmd;
+
+	foreach (sort keys %cmd) {
+		next if $cmd && $cmd ne $_;
+		next if /^multi-/; # don't show deprecated commands
+		print $fd '  ',pack('A17',$_),$cmd{$_}->[1],"\n";
+		foreach (sort keys %{$cmd{$_}->[2]}) {
+			# mixed-case options are for .git/config only
+			next if /[A-Z]/ && /^[a-z]+$/i;
+			# prints out arguments as they should be passed:
+			my $x = s#[:=]s$## ? '<arg>' : s#[:=]i$## ? '<num>' : '';
+			print $fd ' ' x 21, join(', ', map { length $_ > 1 ?
+							"--$_" : "-$_" }
+						split /\|/,$_)," $x\n";
+		}
+	}
+	print $fd <<"";
+\nGIT_SVN_ID may be set in the environment or via the --id/-i switch to an
+arbitrary identifier if you're tracking multiple SVN branches/repositories in
+one git repository and want to keep them separate.  See git-svn(1) for more
+information.
+
+	exit $exit;
+}
+
+sub version {
+	print "git-svn version $VERSION (svn $SVN::Core::VERSION)\n";
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+sub do_git_init_db {
+	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
+		my @init_db = ('init');
+		push @init_db, "--template=$_template" if defined $_template;
+		if (defined $_shared) {
+			if ($_shared =~ /[a-z]/) {
+				push @init_db, "--shared=$_shared";
+			} else {
+				push @init_db, "--shared";
+			}
+		}
+		command_noisy(@init_db);
+		$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => ".git");
+	}
+	command_noisy('config', 'core.autocrlf', 'false');
+	my $set;
+	my $pfx = "svn-remote.$Git::SVN::default_repo_id";
+	foreach my $i (keys %icv) {
+		die "'$set' and '$i' cannot both be set\n" if $set;
+		next unless defined $icv{$i};
+		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.$i", $icv{$i});
+		$set = $i;
+	}
+	my $ignore_regex = \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
+	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-paths", $$ignore_regex)
+		if defined $$ignore_regex;
+}
+
+sub init_subdir {
+	my $repo_path = shift or return;
+	mkpath([$repo_path]) unless -d $repo_path;
+	chdir $repo_path or die "Couldn't chdir to $repo_path: $!\n";
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = '.git';
+	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
+}
+
+sub cmd_clone {
+	my ($url, $path) = @_;
+	if (!defined $path &&
+	    (defined $_trunk || @_branches || @_tags ||
+	     defined $_stdlayout) &&
+	    $url !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+		$path = $url;
+	}
+	$path = basename($url) if !defined $path || !length $path;
+	my $authors_absolute = $_authors ? File::Spec->rel2abs($_authors) : "";
+	cmd_init($url, $path);
+	command_oneline('config', 'svn.authorsfile', $authors_absolute)
+	    if $_authors;
+	Git::SVN::fetch_all($Git::SVN::default_repo_id);
+}
+
+sub cmd_init {
+	if (defined $_stdlayout) {
+		$_trunk = 'trunk' if (!defined $_trunk);
+		@_tags = 'tags' if (! @_tags);
+		@_branches = 'branches' if (! @_branches);
+	}
+	if (defined $_trunk || @_branches || @_tags) {
+		return cmd_multi_init(@_);
+	}
+	my $url = shift or die "SVN repository location required ",
+	                       "as a command-line argument\n";
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	init_subdir(@_);
+	do_git_init_db();
+
+	if ($Git::SVN::_minimize_url eq 'unset') {
+		$Git::SVN::_minimize_url = 0;
+	}
+
+	Git::SVN->init($url);
+}
+
+sub cmd_fetch {
+	if (grep /^\d+=./, @_) {
+		die "'<rev>=<commit>' fetch arguments are ",
+		    "no longer supported.\n";
+	}
+	my ($remote) = @_;
+	if (@_ > 1) {
+		die "Usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
+	}
+	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
+	if ($_fetch_parent) {
+		my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+		unless ($gs) {
+			die "Unable to determine upstream SVN information from ",
+			    "working tree history\n";
+		}
+	        # just fetch, don't checkout.
+		$_no_checkout = 'true';
+		$_fetch_all ? $gs->fetch_all : $gs->fetch;
+	} elsif ($_fetch_all) {
+		cmd_multi_fetch();
+	} else {
+		$remote ||= $Git::SVN::default_repo_id;
+		Git::SVN::fetch_all($remote, Git::SVN::read_all_remotes());
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_set_tree {
+	my (@commits) = @_;
+	if ($_stdin || !@commits) {
+		print "Reading from stdin...\n";
+		@commits = ();
+		while (<STDIN>) {
+			if (/\b($sha1_short)\b/o) {
+				unshift @commits, $1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my @revs;
+	foreach my $c (@commits) {
+		my @tmp = command('rev-parse',$c);
+		if (scalar @tmp == 1) {
+			push @revs, $tmp[0];
+		} elsif (scalar @tmp > 1) {
+			push @revs, reverse(command('rev-list',@tmp));
+		} else {
+			fatal "Failed to rev-parse $c";
+		}
+	}
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->new;
+	my ($r_last, $cmt_last) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
+	$gs->fetch;
+	if (defined $gs->{last_rev} && $r_last != $gs->{last_rev}) {
+		fatal "There are new revisions that were fetched ",
+		      "and need to be merged (or acknowledged) ",
+		      "before committing.\nlast rev: $r_last\n",
+		      " current: $gs->{last_rev}";
+	}
+	$gs->set_tree($_) foreach @revs;
+	print "Done committing ",scalar @revs," revisions to SVN\n";
+	unlink $gs->{index};
+}
+
+sub cmd_dcommit {
+	my $head = shift;
+	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD/) }
+		'Cannot dcommit with a dirty index.  Commit your changes first, '
+		. "or stash them with `git stash'.\n";
+	$head ||= 'HEAD';
+
+	my $old_head;
+	if ($head ne 'HEAD') {
+		$old_head = eval {
+			command_oneline([qw/symbolic-ref -q HEAD/])
+		};
+		if ($old_head) {
+			$old_head =~ s{^refs/heads/}{};
+		} else {
+			$old_head = eval { command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/) };
+		}
+		command(['checkout', $head], STDERR => 0);
+	}
+
+	my @refs;
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD', \@refs);
+	unless ($gs) {
+		die "Unable to determine upstream SVN information from ",
+		    "$head history.\nPerhaps the repository is empty.";
+	}
+
+	if (defined $_commit_url) {
+		$url = $_commit_url;
+	} else {
+		$url = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
+			      "svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.commiturl") };
+		if (!$url) {
+			$url = $gs->full_url
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $last_rev = $_revision if defined $_revision;
+	if ($url) {
+		print "Committing to $url ...\n";
+	}
+	my ($linear_refs, $parents) = linearize_history($gs, \@refs);
+	if ($_no_rebase && scalar(@$linear_refs) > 1) {
+		warn "Attempting to commit more than one change while ",
+		     "--no-rebase is enabled.\n",
+		     "If these changes depend on each other, re-running ",
+		     "without --no-rebase may be required."
+	}
+	my $expect_url = $url;
+	Git::SVN::remove_username($expect_url);
+	while (1) {
+		my $d = shift @$linear_refs or last;
+		unless (defined $last_rev) {
+			(undef, $last_rev, undef) = cmt_metadata("$d~1");
+			unless (defined $last_rev) {
+				fatal "Unable to extract revision information ",
+				      "from commit $d~1";
+			}
+		}
+		if ($_dry_run) {
+			print "diff-tree $d~1 $d\n";
+		} else {
+			my $cmt_rev;
+			my %ed_opts = ( r => $last_rev,
+			                log => get_commit_entry($d)->{log},
+			                ra => Git::SVN::Ra->new($url),
+			                config => SVN::Core::config_get_config(
+			                        $Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir
+			                ),
+			                tree_a => "$d~1",
+			                tree_b => $d,
+			                editor_cb => sub {
+			                       print "Committed r$_[0]\n";
+			                       $cmt_rev = $_[0];
+			                },
+			                svn_path => '');
+			if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+				print "No changes\n$d~1 == $d\n";
+			} elsif ($parents->{$d} && @{$parents->{$d}}) {
+				$gs->{inject_parents_dcommit}->{$cmt_rev} =
+				                               $parents->{$d};
+			}
+			$_fetch_all ? $gs->fetch_all : $gs->fetch;
+			$last_rev = $cmt_rev;
+			next if $_no_rebase;
+
+			# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
+			# not any head that was passed to us
+			my @diff = command('diff-tree', $d,
+			                   $gs->refname, '--');
+			my @finish;
+			if (@diff) {
+				@finish = rebase_cmd();
+				print STDERR "W: $d and ", $gs->refname,
+				             " differ, using @finish:\n",
+				             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
+			} else {
+				print "No changes between current HEAD and ",
+				      $gs->refname,
+				      "\nResetting to the latest ",
+				      $gs->refname, "\n";
+				@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
+			}
+			command_noisy(@finish, $gs->refname);
+			if (@diff) {
+				@refs = ();
+				my ($url_, $rev_, $uuid_, $gs_) =
+				              working_head_info('HEAD', \@refs);
+				my ($linear_refs_, $parents_) =
+				              linearize_history($gs_, \@refs);
+				if (scalar(@$linear_refs) !=
+				    scalar(@$linear_refs_)) {
+					fatal "# of revisions changed ",
+					  "\nbefore:\n",
+					  join("\n", @$linear_refs),
+					  "\n\nafter:\n",
+					  join("\n", @$linear_refs_), "\n",
+					  'If you are attempting to commit ',
+					  "merges, try running:\n\t",
+					  'git rebase --interactive',
+					  '--preserve-merges ',
+					  $gs->refname,
+					  "\nBefore dcommitting";
+				}
+				if ($url_ ne $expect_url) {
+					if ($url_ eq $gs->metadata_url) {
+						print
+						  "Accepting rewritten URL:",
+						  " $url_\n";
+					} else {
+						fatal
+						  "URL mismatch after rebase:",
+						  " $url_ != $expect_url";
+					}
+				}
+				if ($uuid_ ne $uuid) {
+					fatal "uuid mismatch after rebase: ",
+					      "$uuid_ != $uuid";
+				}
+				# remap parents
+				my (%p, @l, $i);
+				for ($i = 0; $i < scalar @$linear_refs; $i++) {
+					my $new = $linear_refs_->[$i] or next;
+					$p{$new} =
+						$parents->{$linear_refs->[$i]};
+					push @l, $new;
+				}
+				$parents = \%p;
+				$linear_refs = \@l;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($old_head) {
+		my $new_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
+		my $new_is_symbolic = eval {
+			command_oneline(qw/symbolic-ref -q HEAD/);
+		};
+		if ($new_is_symbolic) {
+			print "dcommitted the branch ", $head, "\n";
+		} else {
+			print "dcommitted on a detached HEAD because you gave ",
+			      "a revision argument.\n",
+			      "The rewritten commit is: ", $new_head, "\n";
+		}
+		command(['checkout', $old_head], STDERR => 0);
+	}
+
+	unlink $gs->{index};
+}
+
+sub cmd_branch {
+	my ($branch_name, $head) = @_;
+
+	unless (defined $branch_name && length $branch_name) {
+		die(($_tag ? "tag" : "branch") . " name required\n");
+	}
+	$head ||= 'HEAD';
+
+	my (undef, $rev, undef, $gs) = working_head_info($head);
+	my $src = $gs->full_url;
+
+	my $remote = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes()->{$gs->{repo_id}};
+	my $allglobs = $remote->{ $_tag ? 'tags' : 'branches' };
+	my $glob;
+	if ($#{$allglobs} == 0) {
+		$glob = $allglobs->[0];
+	} else {
+		unless(defined $_branch_dest) {
+			die "Multiple ",
+			    $_tag ? "tag" : "branch",
+			    " paths defined for Subversion repository.\n",
+		            "You must specify where you want to create the ",
+		            $_tag ? "tag" : "branch",
+		            " with the --destination argument.\n";
+		}
+		foreach my $g (@{$allglobs}) {
+			# SVN::Git::Editor could probably be moved to Git.pm..
+			my $re = SVN::Git::Editor::glob2pat($g->{path}->{left});
+			if ($_branch_dest =~ /$re/) {
+				$glob = $g;
+				last;
+			}
+		}
+		unless (defined $glob) {
+			my $dest_re = qr/\b\Q$_branch_dest\E\b/;
+			foreach my $g (@{$allglobs}) {
+				$g->{path}->{left} =~ /$dest_re/ or next;
+				if (defined $glob) {
+					die "Ambiguous destination: ",
+					    $_branch_dest, "\nmatches both '",
+					    $glob->{path}->{left}, "' and '",
+					    $g->{path}->{left}, "'\n";
+				}
+				$glob = $g;
+			}
+			unless (defined $glob) {
+				die "Unknown ",
+				    $_tag ? "tag" : "branch",
+				    " destination $_branch_dest\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my ($lft, $rgt) = @{ $glob->{path} }{qw/left right/};
+	my $url;
+	if (defined $_commit_url) {
+		$url = $_commit_url;
+	} else {
+		$url = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
+			"svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.commiturl") };
+		if (!$url) {
+			$url = $remote->{url};
+		}
+	}
+	my $dst = join '/', $url, $lft, $branch_name, ($rgt || ());
+
+	if ($dst =~ /^https:/ && $src =~ /^http:/) {
+		$src=~s/^http:/https:/;
+	}
+
+	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(
+		auth    => Git::SVN::Ra::_auth_providers(),
+		log_msg => sub {
+			${ $_[0] } = defined $_message
+				? $_message
+				: 'Create ' . ($_tag ? 'tag ' : 'branch ' )
+				. $branch_name;
+		},
+	);
+
+	eval {
+		$ctx->ls($dst, 'HEAD', 0);
+	} and die "branch ${branch_name} already exists\n";
+
+	print "Copying ${src} at r${rev} to ${dst}...\n";
+	$ctx->copy($src, $rev, $dst)
+		unless $_dry_run;
+
+	$gs->fetch_all;
+}
+
+sub cmd_find_rev {
+	my $revision_or_hash = shift or die "SVN or git revision required ",
+	                                    "as a command-line argument\n";
+	my $result;
+	if ($revision_or_hash =~ /^r\d+$/) {
+		my $head = shift;
+		$head ||= 'HEAD';
+		my @refs;
+		my (undef, undef, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info($head, \@refs);
+		unless ($gs) {
+			die "Unable to determine upstream SVN information from ",
+			    "$head history\n";
+		}
+		my $desired_revision = substr($revision_or_hash, 1);
+		$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+	} else {
+		my (undef, $rev, undef) = cmt_metadata($revision_or_hash);
+		$result = $rev;
+	}
+	print "$result\n" if $result;
+}
+
+sub cmd_rebase {
+	command_noisy(qw/update-index --refresh/);
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	unless ($gs) {
+		die "Unable to determine upstream SVN information from ",
+		    "working tree history\n";
+	}
+	if ($_dry_run) {
+		print "Remote Branch: " . $gs->refname . "\n";
+		print "SVN URL: " . $url . "\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	if (command(qw/diff-index HEAD --/)) {
+		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommited changes:\n";
+		command_noisy('status');
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	unless ($_local) {
+		# rebase will checkout for us, so no need to do it explicitly
+		$_no_checkout = 'true';
+		$_fetch_all ? $gs->fetch_all : $gs->fetch;
+	}
+	command_noisy(rebase_cmd(), $gs->refname);
+	$gs->mkemptydirs;
+}
+
+sub cmd_show_ignore {
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
+	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
+		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
+		my $s = $props->{'svn:ignore'} or return;
+		$s =~ s/[\r\n]+/\n/g;
+		$s =~ s/^\n+//;
+		chomp $s;
+		$s =~ s#^#$path#gm;
+		print STDOUT "$s\n";
+	});
+}
+
+sub cmd_show_externals {
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
+	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
+		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
+		my $s = $props->{'svn:externals'} or return;
+		$s =~ s/[\r\n]+/\n/g;
+		chomp $s;
+		$s =~ s#^#$path#gm;
+		print STDOUT "$s\n";
+	});
+}
+
+sub cmd_create_ignore {
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
+	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
+		# $path is of the form /path/to/dir/
+		$path = '.' . $path;
+		# SVN can have attributes on empty directories,
+		# which git won't track
+		mkpath([$path]) unless -d $path;
+		my $ignore = $path . '.gitignore';
+		my $s = $props->{'svn:ignore'} or return;
+		open(GITIGNORE, '>', $ignore)
+		  or fatal("Failed to open `$ignore' for writing: $!");
+		$s =~ s/[\r\n]+/\n/g;
+		$s =~ s/^\n+//;
+		chomp $s;
+		# Prefix all patterns so that the ignore doesn't apply
+		# to sub-directories.
+		$s =~ s#^#/#gm;
+		print GITIGNORE "$s\n";
+		close(GITIGNORE)
+		  or fatal("Failed to close `$ignore': $!");
+		command_noisy('add', '-f', $ignore);
+	});
+}
+
+sub cmd_mkdirs {
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
+	$gs->mkemptydirs($_revision);
+}
+
+sub canonicalize_path {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
+	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
+		$path = "./" . $path;
+		$dot_slash_added = 1;
+	}
+	# File::Spec->canonpath doesn't collapse x/../y into y (for a
+	# good reason), so let's do this manually.
+	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
+	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
+	$path =~ s#/[^/]+/\.\.##g;
+	$path =~ s#/$##g;
+	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
+	$path =~ s#^/##;
+	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
+	return $path;
+}
+
+sub canonicalize_url {
+	my ($url) = @_;
+	$url =~ s#^([^:]+://[^/]*/)(.*)$#$1 . canonicalize_path($2)#e;
+	return $url;
+}
+
+# get_svnprops(PATH)
+# ------------------
+# Helper for cmd_propget and cmd_proplist below.
+sub get_svnprops {
+	my $path = shift;
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
+
+	# prefix THE PATH by the sub-directory from which the user
+	# invoked us.
+	$path = $cmd_dir_prefix . $path;
+	fatal("No such file or directory: $path") unless -e $path;
+	my $is_dir = -d $path ? 1 : 0;
+	$path = $gs->{path} . '/' . $path;
+
+	# canonicalize the path (otherwise libsvn will abort or fail to
+	# find the file)
+	$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
+	my $props;
+	if ($is_dir) {
+		(undef, undef, $props) = $gs->ra->get_dir($path, $r);
+	}
+	else {
+		(undef, $props) = $gs->ra->get_file($path, $r, undef);
+	}
+	return $props;
+}
+
+# cmd_propget (PROP, PATH)
+# ------------------------
+# Print the SVN property PROP for PATH.
+sub cmd_propget {
+	my ($prop, $path) = @_;
+	$path = '.' if not defined $path;
+	usage(1) if not defined $prop;
+	my $props = get_svnprops($path);
+	if (not defined $props->{$prop}) {
+		fatal("`$path' does not have a `$prop' SVN property.");
+	}
+	print $props->{$prop} . "\n";
+}
+
+# cmd_proplist (PATH)
+# -------------------
+# Print the list of SVN properties for PATH.
+sub cmd_proplist {
+	my $path = shift;
+	$path = '.' if not defined $path;
+	my $props = get_svnprops($path);
+	print "Properties on '$path':\n";
+	foreach (sort keys %{$props}) {
+		print "  $_\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_multi_init {
+	my $url = shift;
+	unless (defined $_trunk || @_branches || @_tags) {
+		usage(1);
+	}
+
+	$_prefix = '' unless defined $_prefix;
+	if (defined $url) {
+		$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+		init_subdir(@_);
+	}
+	do_git_init_db();
+	if (defined $_trunk) {
+		my $trunk_ref = 'refs/remotes/' . $_prefix . 'trunk';
+		# try both old-style and new-style lookups:
+		my $gs_trunk = eval { Git::SVN->new($trunk_ref) };
+		unless ($gs_trunk) {
+			my ($trunk_url, $trunk_path) =
+			                      complete_svn_url($url, $_trunk);
+			$gs_trunk = Git::SVN->init($trunk_url, $trunk_path,
+						   undef, $trunk_ref);
+		}
+	}
+	return unless @_branches || @_tags;
+	my $ra = $url ? Git::SVN::Ra->new($url) : undef;
+	foreach my $path (@_branches) {
+		complete_url_ls_init($ra, $path, '--branches/-b', $_prefix);
+	}
+	foreach my $path (@_tags) {
+		complete_url_ls_init($ra, $path, '--tags/-t', $_prefix.'tags/');
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_multi_fetch {
+	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
+	my $remotes = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
+	foreach my $repo_id (sort keys %$remotes) {
+		if ($remotes->{$repo_id}->{url}) {
+			Git::SVN::fetch_all($repo_id, $remotes);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+# this command is special because it requires no metadata
+sub cmd_commit_diff {
+	my ($ta, $tb, $url) = @_;
+	my $usage = "Usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
+	            "<tree-ish> <tree-ish> [<URL>]";
+	fatal($usage) if (!defined $ta || !defined $tb);
+	my $svn_path = '';
+	if (!defined $url) {
+		my $gs = eval { Git::SVN->new };
+		if (!$gs) {
+			fatal("Needed URL or usable git-svn --id in ",
+			      "the command-line\n", $usage);
+		}
+		$url = $gs->{url};
+		$svn_path = $gs->{path};
+	}
+	unless (defined $_revision) {
+		fatal("-r|--revision is a required argument\n", $usage);
+	}
+	if (defined $_message && defined $_file) {
+		fatal("Both --message/-m and --file/-F specified ",
+		      "for the commit message.\n",
+		      "I have no idea what you mean");
+	}
+	if (defined $_file) {
+		$_message = file_to_s($_file);
+	} else {
+		$_message ||= get_commit_entry($tb)->{log};
+	}
+	my $ra ||= Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my $r = $_revision;
+	if ($r eq 'HEAD') {
+		$r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	} elsif ($r !~ /^\d+$/) {
+		die "revision argument: $r not understood by git-svn\n";
+	}
+	my %ed_opts = ( r => $r,
+	                log => $_message,
+	                ra => $ra,
+	                tree_a => $ta,
+	                tree_b => $tb,
+	                editor_cb => sub { print "Committed r$_[0]\n" },
+	                svn_path => $svn_path );
+	if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+		print "No changes\n$ta == $tb\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub escape_uri_only {
+	my ($uri) = @_;
+	my @tmp;
+	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
+		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		push @tmp, $_;
+	}
+	join('/', @tmp);
+}
+
+sub escape_url {
+	my ($url) = @_;
+	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
+		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
+		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+	}
+	$url;
+}
+
+sub cmd_info {
+	my $path = canonicalize_path(defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : ".");
+	my $fullpath = canonicalize_path($cmd_dir_prefix . $path);
+	if (exists $_[1]) {
+		die "Too many arguments specified\n";
+	}
+
+	my ($file_type, $diff_status) = find_file_type_and_diff_status($path);
+
+	if (!$file_type && !$diff_status) {
+		print STDERR "svn: '$path' is not under version control\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	unless ($gs) {
+		die "Unable to determine upstream SVN information from ",
+		    "working tree history\n";
+	}
+
+	# canonicalize_path() will return "" to make libsvn 1.5.x happy,
+	$path = "." if $path eq "";
+
+	my $full_url = $url . ($fullpath eq "" ? "" : "/$fullpath");
+
+	if ($_url) {
+		print escape_url($full_url), "\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my $result = "Path: $path\n";
+	$result .= "Name: " . basename($path) . "\n" if $file_type ne "dir";
+	$result .= "URL: " . escape_url($full_url) . "\n";
+
+	eval {
+		my $repos_root = $gs->repos_root;
+		Git::SVN::remove_username($repos_root);
+		$result .= "Repository Root: " . escape_url($repos_root) . "\n";
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		$result .= "Repository Root: (offline)\n";
+	}
+	$result .= "Repository UUID: $uuid\n" unless $diff_status eq "A" &&
+		($SVN::Core::VERSION le '1.5.4' || $file_type ne "dir");
+	$result .= "Revision: " . ($diff_status eq "A" ? 0 : $rev) . "\n";
+
+	$result .= "Node Kind: " .
+		   ($file_type eq "dir" ? "directory" : "file") . "\n";
+
+	my $schedule = $diff_status eq "A"
+		       ? "add"
+		       : ($diff_status eq "D" ? "delete" : "normal");
+	$result .= "Schedule: $schedule\n";
+
+	if ($diff_status eq "A") {
+		print $result, "\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my ($lc_author, $lc_rev, $lc_date_utc);
+	my @args = Git::SVN::Log::git_svn_log_cmd($rev, $rev, "--", $fullpath);
+	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
+	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if (/^${esc_color}author (.+) <[^>]+> (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
+			$lc_author = $1;
+			$lc_date_utc = Git::SVN::Log::parse_git_date($2, $3);
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
+			(undef, $lc_rev, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
+		}
+	}
+	close $log;
+
+	Git::SVN::Log::set_local_timezone();
+
+	$result .= "Last Changed Author: $lc_author\n";
+	$result .= "Last Changed Rev: $lc_rev\n";
+	$result .= "Last Changed Date: " .
+		   Git::SVN::Log::format_svn_date($lc_date_utc) . "\n";
+
+	if ($file_type ne "dir") {
+		my $text_last_updated_date =
+		    ($diff_status eq "D" ? $lc_date_utc : (stat $path)[9]);
+		$result .=
+		    "Text Last Updated: " .
+		    Git::SVN::Log::format_svn_date($text_last_updated_date) .
+		    "\n";
+		my $checksum;
+		if ($diff_status eq "D") {
+			my ($fh, $ctx) =
+			    command_output_pipe(qw(cat-file blob), "HEAD:$path");
+			if ($file_type eq "link") {
+				my $file_name = <$fh>;
+				$checksum = md5sum("link $file_name");
+			} else {
+				$checksum = md5sum($fh);
+			}
+			command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+		} elsif ($file_type eq "link") {
+			my $file_name =
+			    command(qw(cat-file blob), "HEAD:$path");
+			$checksum =
+			    md5sum("link " . $file_name);
+		} else {
+			open FILE, "<", $path or die $!;
+			$checksum = md5sum(\*FILE);
+			close FILE or die $!;
+		}
+		$result .= "Checksum: " . $checksum . "\n";
+	}
+
+	print $result, "\n";
+}
+
+sub cmd_reset {
+	my $target = shift || $_revision or die "SVN revision required\n";
+	$target = $1 if $target =~ /^r(\d+)$/;
+	$target =~ /^\d+$/ or die "Numeric SVN revision expected\n";
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
+	unless ($gs) {
+		die "Unable to determine upstream SVN information from ".
+		    "history\n";
+	}
+	my ($r, $c) = $gs->find_rev_before($target, not $_fetch_parent);
+	$gs->rev_map_set($r, $c, 'reset', $uuid);
+	print "r$r = $c ($gs->{ref_id})\n";
+}
+
+sub cmd_gc {
+	if (!$can_compress) {
+		warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; unhandled.log " .
+		     "files will not be compressed.\n";
+	}
+	find({ wanted => \&gc_directory, no_chdir => 1}, "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+}
+
+########################### utility functions #########################
+
+sub rebase_cmd {
+	my @cmd = qw/rebase/;
+	push @cmd, '-v' if $_verbose;
+	push @cmd, qw/--merge/ if $_merge;
+	push @cmd, "--strategy=$_strategy" if $_strategy;
+	@cmd;
+}
+
+sub post_fetch_checkout {
+	return if $_no_checkout;
+	my $gs = $Git::SVN::_head or return;
+	return if verify_ref('refs/heads/master^0');
+
+	# look for "trunk" ref if it exists
+	my $remote = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes()->{$gs->{repo_id}};
+	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
+	if ($fetch) {
+		foreach my $p (keys %$fetch) {
+			basename($fetch->{$p}) eq 'trunk' or next;
+			$gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $gs->{repo_id}, $p);
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $valid_head = verify_ref('HEAD^0');
+	command_noisy(qw(update-ref refs/heads/master), $gs->refname);
+	return if ($valid_head || !verify_ref('HEAD^0'));
+
+	return if $ENV{GIT_DIR} !~ m#^(?:.*/)?\.git$#;
+	my $index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/index";
+	return if -f $index;
+
+	return if command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree/) eq 'false';
+	return if command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir/) eq 'true';
+	command_noisy(qw/read-tree -m -u -v HEAD HEAD/);
+	print STDERR "Checked out HEAD:\n  ",
+	             $gs->full_url, " r", $gs->last_rev, "\n";
+	$gs->mkemptydirs($gs->last_rev);
+}
+
+sub complete_svn_url {
+	my ($url, $path) = @_;
+	$path =~ s#/+$##;
+	if ($path !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+		if (!defined $url || $url !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+			fatal("E: '$path' is not a complete URL ",
+			      "and a separate URL is not specified");
+		}
+		return ($url, $path);
+	}
+	return ($path, '');
+}
+
+sub complete_url_ls_init {
+	my ($ra, $repo_path, $switch, $pfx) = @_;
+	unless ($repo_path) {
+		print STDERR "W: $switch not specified\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	$repo_path =~ s#/+$##;
+	if ($repo_path =~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($repo_path);
+		$repo_path = '';
+	} else {
+		$repo_path =~ s#^/+##;
+		unless ($ra) {
+			fatal("E: '$repo_path' is not a complete URL ",
+			      "and a separate URL is not specified");
+		}
+	}
+	my $url = $ra->{url};
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->init($url, undef, undef, undef, 1);
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.url";
+	my $orig_url = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->{url})) {
+		die "$k already set: $orig_url\n",
+		    "wanted to set to: $gs->{url}\n";
+	}
+	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->{url}) unless $orig_url;
+	my $remote_path = "$gs->{path}/$repo_path";
+	$remote_path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
+	$remote_path =~ s#/+#/#g;
+	$remote_path =~ s#^/##g;
+	$remote_path .= "/*" if $remote_path !~ /\*/;
+	my ($n) = ($switch =~ /^--(\w+)/);
+	if (length $pfx && $pfx !~ m#/$#) {
+		die "--prefix='$pfx' must have a trailing slash '/'\n";
+	}
+	command_noisy('config',
+		      '--add',
+	              "svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.$n",
+	              "$remote_path:refs/remotes/$pfx*" .
+	                ('/*' x (($remote_path =~ tr/*/*/) - 1)) );
+}
+
+sub verify_ref {
+	my ($ref) = @_;
+	eval { command_oneline([ 'rev-parse', '--verify', $ref ],
+	                       { STDERR => 0 }); };
+}
+
+sub get_tree_from_treeish {
+	my ($treeish) = @_;
+	# $treeish can be a symbolic ref, too:
+	my $type = command_oneline(qw/cat-file -t/, $treeish);
+	my $expected;
+	while ($type eq 'tag') {
+		($treeish, $type) = command(qw/cat-file tag/, $treeish);
+	}
+	if ($type eq 'commit') {
+		$expected = (grep /^tree /, command(qw/cat-file commit/,
+		                                    $treeish))[0];
+		($expected) = ($expected =~ /^tree ($sha1)$/o);
+		die "Unable to get tree from $treeish\n" unless $expected;
+	} elsif ($type eq 'tree') {
+		$expected = $treeish;
+	} else {
+		die "$treeish is a $type, expected tree, tag or commit\n";
+	}
+	return $expected;
+}
+
+sub get_commit_entry {
+	my ($treeish) = shift;
+	my %log_entry = ( log => '', tree => get_tree_from_treeish($treeish) );
+	my $commit_editmsg = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/COMMIT_EDITMSG";
+	my $commit_msg = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/COMMIT_MSG";
+	open my $log_fh, '>', $commit_editmsg or croak $!;
+
+	my $type = command_oneline(qw/cat-file -t/, $treeish);
+	if ($type eq 'commit' || $type eq 'tag') {
+		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('cat-file',
+		                                         $type, $treeish);
+		my $in_msg = 0;
+		my $author;
+		my $saw_from = 0;
+		my $msgbuf = "";
+		while (<$msg_fh>) {
+			if (!$in_msg) {
+				$in_msg = 1 if (/^\s*$/);
+				$author = $1 if (/^author (.*>)/);
+			} elsif (/^git-svn-id: /) {
+				# skip this for now, we regenerate the
+				# correct one on re-fetch anyways
+				# TODO: set *:merge properties or like...
+			} else {
+				if (/^From:/ || /^Signed-off-by:/) {
+					$saw_from = 1;
+				}
+				$msgbuf .= $_;
+			}
+		}
+		$msgbuf =~ s/\s+$//s;
+		if ($Git::SVN::_add_author_from && defined($author)
+		    && !$saw_from) {
+			$msgbuf .= "\n\nFrom: $author";
+		}
+		print $log_fh $msgbuf or croak $!;
+		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+	}
+	close $log_fh or croak $!;
+
+	if ($_edit || ($type eq 'tree')) {
+		chomp(my $editor = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_EDITOR)));
+		system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, $commit_editmsg);
+	}
+	rename $commit_editmsg, $commit_msg or croak $!;
+	{
+		require Encode;
+		# SVN requires messages to be UTF-8 when entering the repo
+		local $/;
+		open $log_fh, '<', $commit_msg or croak $!;
+		binmode $log_fh;
+		chomp($log_entry{log} = <$log_fh>);
+
+		my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding') || 'UTF-8';
+		my $msg = $log_entry{log};
+
+		eval { $msg = Encode::decode($enc, $msg, 1) };
+		if ($@) {
+			die "Could not decode as $enc:\n", $msg,
+			    "\nPerhaps you need to set i18n.commitencoding\n";
+		}
+
+		eval { $msg = Encode::encode('UTF-8', $msg, 1) };
+		die "Could not encode as UTF-8:\n$msg\n" if $@;
+
+		$log_entry{log} = $msg;
+
+		close $log_fh or croak $!;
+	}
+	unlink $commit_msg;
+	\%log_entry;
+}
+
+sub s_to_file {
+	my ($str, $file, $mode) = @_;
+	open my $fd,'>',$file or croak $!;
+	print $fd $str,"\n" or croak $!;
+	close $fd or croak $!;
+	chmod ($mode &~ umask, $file) if (defined $mode);
+}
+
+sub file_to_s {
+	my $file = shift;
+	open my $fd,'<',$file or croak "$!: file: $file\n";
+	local $/;
+	my $ret = <$fd>;
+	close $fd or croak $!;
+	$ret =~ s/\s*$//s;
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+# '<svn username> = real-name <email address>' mapping based on git-svnimport:
+sub load_authors {
+	open my $authors, '<', $_authors or die "Can't open $_authors $!\n";
+	my $log = $cmd eq 'log';
+	while (<$authors>) {
+		chomp;
+		next unless /^(.+?|\(no author\))\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*$/;
+		my ($user, $name, $email) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		if ($log) {
+			$Git::SVN::Log::rusers{"$name <$email>"} = $user;
+		} else {
+			$users{$user} = [$name, $email];
+		}
+	}
+	close $authors or croak $!;
+}
+
+# convert GetOpt::Long specs for use by git-config
+sub read_git_config {
+	my $opts = shift;
+	my @config_only;
+	foreach my $o (keys %$opts) {
+		# if we have mixedCase and a long option-only, then
+		# it's a config-only variable that we don't need for
+		# the command-line.
+		push @config_only, $o if ($o =~ /[A-Z]/ && $o =~ /^[a-z]+$/i);
+		my $v = $opts->{$o};
+		my ($key) = ($o =~ /^([a-zA-Z\-]+)/);
+		$key =~ s/-//g;
+		my $arg = 'git config';
+		$arg .= ' --int' if ($o =~ /[:=]i$/);
+		$arg .= ' --bool' if ($o !~ /[:=][sfi]$/);
+		if (ref $v eq 'ARRAY') {
+			chomp(my @tmp = `$arg --get-all svn.$key`);
+			@$v = @tmp if @tmp;
+		} else {
+			chomp(my $tmp = `$arg --get svn.$key`);
+			if ($tmp && !($arg =~ / --bool/ && $tmp eq 'false')) {
+				$$v = $tmp;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	delete @$opts{@config_only} if @config_only;
+}
+
+sub extract_metadata {
+	my $id = shift or return (undef, undef, undef);
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ($id =~ /^\s*git-svn-id:\s+(.*)\@(\d+)
+							\s([a-f\d\-]+)$/ix);
+	if (!defined $rev || !$uuid || !$url) {
+		# some of the original repositories I made had
+		# identifiers like this:
+		($rev, $uuid) = ($id =~/^\s*git-svn-id:\s(\d+)\@([a-f\d\-]+)/i);
+	}
+	return ($url, $rev, $uuid);
+}
+
+sub cmt_metadata {
+	return extract_metadata((grep(/^git-svn-id: /,
+		command(qw/cat-file commit/, shift)))[-1]);
+}
+
+sub cmt_sha2rev_batch {
+	my %s2r;
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = command_bidi_pipe(qw/cat-file --batch/);
+	my $list = shift;
+
+	foreach my $sha (@{$list}) {
+		my $first = 1;
+		my $size = 0;
+		print $out $sha, "\n";
+
+		while (my $line = <$in>) {
+			if ($first && $line =~ /^[[:xdigit:]]{40}\smissing$/) {
+				last;
+			} elsif ($first &&
+			       $line =~ /^[[:xdigit:]]{40}\scommit\s(\d+)$/) {
+				$first = 0;
+				$size = $1;
+				next;
+			} elsif ($line =~ /^(git-svn-id: )/) {
+				my (undef, $rev, undef) =
+				                      extract_metadata($line);
+				$s2r{$sha} = $rev;
+			}
+
+			$size -= length($line);
+			last if ($size == 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
+
+	return \%s2r;
+}
+
+sub working_head_info {
+	my ($head, $refs) = @_;
+	my @args = ('log', '--no-color', '--first-parent', '--pretty=medium');
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head);
+	my $hash;
+	my %max;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
+			unshift @$refs, $hash if $hash and $refs;
+			$hash = $1;
+			next;
+		}
+		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
+		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = extract_metadata($_);
+		if (defined $url && defined $rev) {
+			next if $max{$url} and $max{$url} < $rev;
+			if (my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url)) {
+				my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid);
+				if ($c && $c eq $hash) {
+					close $fh; # break the pipe
+					return ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs);
+				} else {
+					$max{$url} ||= $gs->rev_map_max;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	(undef, undef, undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub read_commit_parents {
+	my ($parents, $c) = @_;
+	chomp(my $p = command_oneline(qw/rev-list --parents -1/, $c));
+	$p =~ s/^($c)\s*// or die "rev-list --parents -1 $c failed!\n";
+	@{$parents->{$c}} = split(/ /, $p);
+}
+
+sub linearize_history {
+	my ($gs, $refs) = @_;
+	my %parents;
+	foreach my $c (@$refs) {
+		read_commit_parents(\%parents, $c);
+	}
+
+	my @linear_refs;
+	my %skip = ();
+	my $last_svn_commit = $gs->last_commit;
+	foreach my $c (reverse @$refs) {
+		next if $c eq $last_svn_commit;
+		last if $skip{$c};
+
+		unshift @linear_refs, $c;
+		$skip{$c} = 1;
+
+		# we only want the first parent to diff against for linear
+		# history, we save the rest to inject when we finalize the
+		# svn commit
+		my $fp_a = verify_ref("$c~1");
+		my $fp_b = shift @{$parents{$c}} if $parents{$c};
+		if (!$fp_a || !$fp_b) {
+			die "Commit $c\n",
+			    "has no parent commit, and therefore ",
+			    "nothing to diff against.\n",
+			    "You should be working from a repository ",
+			    "originally created by git-svn\n";
+		}
+		if ($fp_a ne $fp_b) {
+			die "$c~1 = $fp_a, however parsing commit $c ",
+			    "revealed that:\n$c~1 = $fp_b\nBUG!\n";
+		}
+
+		foreach my $p (@{$parents{$c}}) {
+			$skip{$p} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	(\@linear_refs, \%parents);
+}
+
+sub find_file_type_and_diff_status {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	return ('dir', '') if $path eq '';
+
+	my $diff_output =
+	    command_oneline(qw(diff --cached --name-status --), $path) || "";
+	my $diff_status = (split(' ', $diff_output))[0] || "";
+
+	my $ls_tree = command_oneline(qw(ls-tree HEAD), $path) || "";
+
+	return (undef, undef) if !$diff_status && !$ls_tree;
+
+	if ($diff_status eq "A") {
+		return ("link", $diff_status) if -l $path;
+		return ("dir", $diff_status) if -d $path;
+		return ("file", $diff_status);
+	}
+
+	my $mode = (split(' ', $ls_tree))[0] || "";
+
+	return ("link", $diff_status) if $mode eq "120000";
+	return ("dir", $diff_status) if $mode eq "040000";
+	return ("file", $diff_status);
+}
+
+sub md5sum {
+	my $arg = shift;
+	my $ref = ref $arg;
+	my $md5 = Digest::MD5->new();
+        if ($ref eq 'GLOB' || $ref eq 'IO::File' || $ref eq 'File::Temp') {
+		$md5->addfile($arg) or croak $!;
+	} elsif ($ref eq 'SCALAR') {
+		$md5->add($$arg) or croak $!;
+	} elsif (!$ref) {
+		$md5->add($arg) or croak $!;
+	} else {
+		::fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
+	}
+	return $md5->hexdigest();
+}
+
+sub gc_directory {
+	if ($can_compress && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
+		my $out_filename = $_ . ".gz";
+		open my $in_fh, "<", $_ or die "Unable to open $_: $!\n";
+		binmode $in_fh;
+		my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($out_filename, "ab") or
+				die "Unable to open $out_filename: $!\n";
+
+		my $res;
+		while ($res = sysread($in_fh, my $str, 1024)) {
+			$gz->gzwrite($str) or
+				die "Unable to write: ".$gz->gzerror()."!\n";
+		}
+		unlink $_ or die "unlink $File::Find::name: $!\n";
+	} elsif (-f $_ && basename($_) eq "index") {
+		unlink $_ or die "unlink $_: $!\n";
+	}
+}
+
+package Git::SVN;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
+use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
+use vars qw/$default_repo_id $default_ref_id $_no_metadata $_follow_parent
+            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
+            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing $_minimize_url
+	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Copy qw/copy/;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
+use Memoize::Storable;
+
+my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
+
+# properties that we do not log:
+my %SKIP_PROP;
+BEGIN {
+	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
+	                                svn:special svn:executable
+	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
+	                                svn:entry:last-author
+	                                svn:entry:uuid
+	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
+
+	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
+	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
+	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
+			   use_svnsync_props/) {
+		my $key = $option;
+		$key =~ tr/_//d;
+		my $prop = "-$option";
+		*$option = sub {
+			my ($self) = @_;
+			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
+			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+			if ($@) {
+				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
+			} else {
+				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
+				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
+			}
+			return $self->{$prop};
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
+END {
+	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
+	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
+}
+
+sub resolve_local_globs {
+	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
+	return unless defined $glob_spec;
+	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
+	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
+	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
+		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
+		my $p = $1;
+		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
+		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
+		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
+			if ($existing ne $refname) {
+				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
+				    "existing: $existing\n",
+				    " globbed: $refname\n";
+			}
+			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0];
+			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
+			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
+			if ($pathname ne $u) {
+				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
+				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
+				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
+				     "    real path: $u\n",
+				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
+				next;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub parse_revision_argument {
+	my ($base, $head) = @_;
+	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
+		return ($base, $head);
+	}
+	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
+	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
+	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
+	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
+	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
+	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
+}
+
+sub fetch_all {
+	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
+	if (ref $repo_id) {
+		my $gs = $repo_id;
+		$repo_id = undef;
+		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
+	}
+	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
+	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
+	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
+	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
+	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
+	my (@gs, @globs);
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
+	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+
+	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
+	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
+	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
+
+	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
+
+	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
+	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
+		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
+
+		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
+		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
+		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
+			$base = $max_rev;
+		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
+			$base = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch) {
+		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
+			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
+			if (defined $lr) {
+				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
+			}
+			push @gs, $gs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
+	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
+}
+
+sub read_all_remotes {
+	my $r = {};
+	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
+	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
+	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
+	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
+	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
+			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{url} = $2;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
+			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			my $rs = {
+			    t => $t,
+			    remote => $remote,
+			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
+			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
+			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
+				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
+				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
+			}
+			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	map {
+		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
+			my $svm;
+			eval {
+				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
+				$svm = {
+					source => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-source"),
+					replace => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-replace"),
+				}
+			};
+			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
+		}
+	} keys %$r;
+
+	$r;
+}
+
+sub init_vars {
+	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
+	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
+	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub verify_remotes_sanity {
+	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my %seen;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
+			if ($seen{$1}) {
+				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
+				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
+				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
+				    "your git configuration file before ",
+				    "continuing\n";
+			}
+			$seen{$1} = $_;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub find_existing_remote {
+	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
+	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
+	my $existing;
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		next if $u ne $url;
+		$existing = $repo_id;
+		last;
+	}
+	$existing;
+}
+
+sub init_remote_config {
+	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
+	$url =~ s!/+$!!; # strip trailing slash
+	my $r = read_all_remotes();
+	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
+	if ($existing) {
+		unless ($no_write) {
+			print STDERR "Using existing ",
+				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+		}
+		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
+		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
+		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
+		if ($existing) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using existing ",
+					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+			}
+			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+		}
+		if ($min_url ne $url) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
+					     "$url => $min_url\n";
+			}
+			my $old_path = $self->{path};
+			$self->{path} = $url;
+			$self->{path} =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
+			if (length $old_path) {
+				$self->{path} .= "/$old_path";
+			}
+			$url = $min_url;
+		}
+	}
+	my $orig_url;
+	if (!$existing) {
+		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
+		$orig_url = eval {
+			command_oneline('config', '--get',
+					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
+		};
+		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
+			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
+			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
+	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
+		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
+		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($no_write) {
+		command_noisy('config',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
+		$self->{path} =~ s{^/}{};
+		$self->{path} =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
+		command_noisy('config', '--add',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
+			      "$self->{path}:".$self->refname);
+	}
+	$self->{url} = $url;
+}
+
+sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
+	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
+
+	return undef unless defined $full_url;
+	remove_username($full_url);
+	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
+	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
+	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
+		$path = $full_url;
+		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
+	}
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		remove_username($u);
+		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
+
+		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
+		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
+				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
+			}
+		}
+		my $p = $path;
+		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
+		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
+			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
+		unless (defined $p) {
+			$p = $full_url;
+			my $z = $u;
+			my $prefix = '';
+			if ($rwr) {
+				$z = $rwr;
+				remove_username($z);
+			} elsif (defined $svm) {
+				$z = $svm->{source};
+				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
+				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
+				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
+			}
+			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
+		}
+		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
+			next if $f ne $p;
+			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub init {
+	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (defined $url) {
+		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
+	}
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub find_ref {
+	my ($ref_id) = @_;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
+		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
+		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
+			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
+			return ($repo_id, $path);
+		}
+	}
+	(undef, undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
+	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
+		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
+		if (!defined $repo_id) {
+			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
+			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
+			    "$ref_id\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (!defined $self->{path} || !length $self->{path}) {
+		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
+		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
+		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
+		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
+		($self->{path}, undef) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
+	}
+	$self->{url} = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                               "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
+                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
+	$self->rebuild;
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub refname {
+	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
+
+	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
+	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
+	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
+		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash, this is ",
+		    "not permitted by git nor Subversion\n";
+	}
+
+	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
+	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
+	# anywhere.
+	#
+	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
+	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
+	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{uc sprintf('%%%02x',ord($1))}eg;
+
+	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
+	# /.* becomes /%2E*
+	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
+
+	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
+	# .. becomes %2E%2E
+	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
+
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub desanitize_refname {
+	my ($refname) = @_;
+	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub svm_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
+	$self->ra;
+	unless ($self->{svm}) {
+		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
+	}
+	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
+}
+
+sub svm {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
+	my $svm;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		$svm = {
+		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
+		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
+		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
+		}
+	};
+	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
+		$self->{svm} = $svm;
+	}
+	$self->{svm};
+}
+
+sub _set_svm_vars {
+	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
+	return $ra if $self->svm;
+
+	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
+		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
+		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
+	sub read_svm_props {
+		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
+		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
+		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
+		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
+		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
+
+		chomp($src, $uuid);
+
+		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
+		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
+		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
+		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
+		# username is of no interest
+		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
+
+		my $replace = $ra->{url};
+		$replace .= "/$path" if length $path;
+
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
+		$self->{svm} = {
+			source => $src,
+			uuid => $uuid,
+			replace => $replace
+		};
+	}
+
+	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	my $path = $self->{path};
+	my %tried;
+	while (length $path) {
+		unless ($tried{"$self->{url}/$path"}) {
+			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
+
+	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->{url}) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+
+	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
+	my $ok;
+	my @tried_b;
+	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
+	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+	while (length $path) {
+		unless ($tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"}) {
+			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			last if $ok;
+			$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
+	if (!$ok) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
+}
+
+sub svnsync {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
+
+	if ($self->no_metadata) {
+		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+
+	my $svnsync;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+
+		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
+		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
+		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
+	};
+	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
+		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
+	}
+
+	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
+	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
+	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
+
+	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
+	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
+	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
+	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
+}
+
+# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
+# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
+sub ra_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
+		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
+		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
+		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
+		} else {
+			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->{url};
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
+			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{ra_uuid};
+}
+
+sub _set_repos_root {
+	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
+	$repos_root;
+}
+
+sub repos_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
+}
+
+sub ra {
+	my ($self) = shift;
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
+	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
+	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
+		if ($self->no_metadata) {
+			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		}
+		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
+		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
+	}
+	$ra;
+}
+
+# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
+# -------------------------
+# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
+# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
+# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
+# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
+# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
+# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
+# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
+# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
+sub prop_walk {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
+
+	$path =~ s#^/##;
+	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
+	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
+	my $p = $path;
+	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
+	$p =~ s#^/+\Q$self->{path}\E(/|$)#/#;
+	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
+	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
+
+	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
+	# (usually) cares about.
+	my $interesting_props = 0;
+	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
+		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
+		# user-defined property.
+		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
+		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
+		# this needs to be updated.
+		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
+		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
+						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
+	}
+	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
+
+	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
+		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		$self->prop_walk($self->{path} . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
+	}
+}
+
+sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
+sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
+
+# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
+sub last_rev_commit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
+		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
+	}
+	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
+	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
+		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
+		if (defined $rev) {
+			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+	}
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	unless (-e $map_path) {
+		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
+		return (undef, undef);
+	}
+	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
+	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
+	return ($rev, $commit);
+}
+
+sub get_fetch_range {
+	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
+	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	(++$min, $max);
+}
+
+sub tmp_config {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
+	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
+	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
+		rename $old_def_config, $config or
+		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		unless (-f $config) {
+			mkfile($config);
+			open my $fh, '>', $config or
+			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
+			          "git-svn\n" or die
+				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
+			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
+		}
+		command('config', @args);
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_config) {
+		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub tmp_index_do {
+	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
+	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		&$sub;
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_index) {
+		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub assert_index_clean {
+	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
+
+	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
+		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
+		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
+		return if $y eq $x;
+
+		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
+		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
+		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		if ($y ne $x) {
+			::fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
+			        "Something is seriously wrong...";
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+sub get_commit_parents {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
+	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
+	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, $commit;
+		}
+	}
+	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
+		push @tmp, $cur;
+	}
+	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, @$commit;
+		}
+	}
+	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
+	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
+		next if $seen{$p};
+		$seen{$p} = 1;
+		push @ret, $p;
+	}
+	@ret;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
+	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwr) {
+		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
+	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwid) {
+		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
+			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
+}
+
+sub metadata_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	($self->rewrite_root || $self->{url}) .
+	   (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
+}
+
+sub full_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	$self->{url} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
+}
+
+
+sub set_commit_header_env {
+	my ($log_entry) = @_;
+	my %env;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
+		}
+	}
+
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
+
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
+						: $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
+						: $log_entry->{email};
+	\%env;
+}
+
+sub restore_commit_header_env {
+	my ($env) = @_;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
+			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
+				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
+			} else {
+				delete $ENV{$k};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub gc {
+	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
+};
+
+sub do_git_commit {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
+	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
+		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
+		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
+		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
+	}
+	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
+		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
+		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
+	}
+	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
+	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
+	if (!defined $tree) {
+		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
+	}
+	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
+
+	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
+	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
+		push @exec, '-p', $_;
+	}
+	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
+	                                                           or croak $!;
+	binmode $msg_fh;
+
+	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
+	# a different encoding.
+	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
+	}
+	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
+	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
+	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
+		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
+		              or croak $!;
+	}
+	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
+	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
+	close $out_fh or croak $!;
+	waitpid $pid, 0;
+	croak $? if $?;
+	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
+		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
+	}
+
+	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
+
+	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
+	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
+	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
+		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
+		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
+		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
+	}
+	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
+		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
+		gc();
+	}
+	return $commit;
+}
+
+sub match_paths {
+	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
+	return 1 if $self->{path} eq '';
+	if (my $path = $paths->{"/$self->{path}"}) {
+		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr/^\/\Q$self->{path}\E\//;
+	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	my $c = '';
+	foreach (split m#/#, $self->{path}) {
+		$c .= "/$_";
+		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->{path}, $r) ==
+		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub find_parent_branch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
+	unless (defined $paths) {
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
+		$self->ra->get_log([$self->{path}], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
+				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $paths;
+
+	# look for a parent from another branch:
+	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->{path};
+	my @a_path_components;
+	my $i;
+	while (@b_path_components) {
+		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
+		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	if (@a_path_components) {
+		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
+		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
+		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
+	}
+	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
+	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	my $url = $self->ra->{url};
+	my $new_url = $url . $branch_from;
+	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
+	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
+	              unless $::_q > 1;
+	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
+	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
+		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
+	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	{
+		my ($base, $head);
+		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
+			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
+		} else {
+			if ($r0 < $r) {
+				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->{path}], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
+					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
+			}
+		}
+		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
+			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
+		}
+		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	}
+	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
+		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
+		             unless $::_q > 1;
+		my $ed;
+		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
+			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
+			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
+			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
+			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+			$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->{path});
+			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
+					      $self->full_url, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
+			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
+			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
+			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
+			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
+			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
+			});
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
+			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		}
+		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed);
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub do_fetch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	my $ed;
+	my ($last_rev, @parents);
+	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
+		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
+		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
+		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
+		# want to break the original ref, nor lose copypath info):
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
+		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
+		$ed->{c} = $lc;
+		@parents = ($lc);
+	} else {
+		$last_rev = $rev;
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
+	}
+	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
+		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+	}
+	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed);
+}
+
+sub mkemptydirs {
+	my ($self, $r) = @_;
+
+	sub scan {
+		my ($r, $empty_dirs, $line) = @_;
+		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
+			return 0 if $1 > $r;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			$empty_dirs->{$1} = 1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			my @d = grep {m[^\Q$1\E(/|$)]} (keys %$empty_dirs);
+			delete @$empty_dirs{@d};
+		}
+		1; # continue
+	};
+
+	my %empty_dirs = ();
+	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
+	if (-f $gz_file) {
+		if (!$can_compress) {
+			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
+			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
+		} else {
+			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
+				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
+			my $line;
+			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
+				scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $line) or last;
+			}
+			$gz->gzclose;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
+		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+		while (<$fh>) {
+			scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $_) or last;
+		}
+		close $fh;
+	}
+
+	my $strip = qr/\A\Q$self->{path}\E(?:\/|$)/;
+	foreach my $d (sort keys %empty_dirs) {
+		$d = uri_decode($d);
+		$d =~ s/$strip//;
+		next if -d $d;
+		if (-e _) {
+			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
+		} else {
+			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
+			mkpath([$d]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_untracked {
+	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
+	my @out;
+	my $h = $ed->{empty};
+	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
+		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
+		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
+		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
+			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
+			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
+				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
+				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
+				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
+				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
+				                    uri_encode($prop);
+				if (defined $v) {
+					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
+					           uri_encode($v);
+				} else {
+					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
+			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
+				push @out, "  $t: " .
+				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
+				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
+				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\@out;
+}
+
+# parse_svn_date(DATE)
+# --------------------
+# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
+# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
+#
+# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
+# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
+sub parse_svn_date {
+	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
+	                                    (\d\d)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
+	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
+	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
+
+	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
+		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
+		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
+		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
+		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
+
+		my $epoch_in_UTC =
+		    POSIX::strftime('%s', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
+
+		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
+		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
+		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
+		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+
+		my $our_TZ =
+		    POSIX::strftime('%Z', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
+
+		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
+		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
+		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
+
+		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
+				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
+				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
+
+		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
+		# this routine.
+		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+	} else {
+		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
+	}
+
+	return $parsed_date;
+}
+
+sub other_gs {
+	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
+	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
+	unless ($gs) {
+		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
+		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+$//;
+		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
+		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
+		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
+		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
+		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
+			$p = $u;
+			$u = $url;
+			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
+		}
+		$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
+	}
+	$gs
+}
+
+sub call_authors_prog {
+	my ($orig_author) = @_;
+	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
+	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
+	if ($? != 0) {
+		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
+	}
+	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
+		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
+		return [$name, $email];
+	} else {
+		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
+			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub check_author {
+	my ($author) = @_;
+	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
+		$author = '(no author)';
+	}
+	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
+		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
+			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
+		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
+			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$author;
+}
+
+sub find_extra_svk_parents {
+	my ($self, $ed, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
+	my @known_parents;
+	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
+		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
+		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
+			my $url = $self->rewrite_root || $self->{url};
+			my $repos_root = $url;
+			my $branch_from = $path;
+			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
+			my $gs = $self->other_gs($repos_root."/".$branch_from,
+			                         $url,
+			                         $branch_from,
+			                         $rev,
+			                         $self->{ref_id});
+			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
+				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
+				# an old one (!)
+				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
+	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
+	# or changes.
+	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
+	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
+		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
+		my $new;
+		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+			$new=1;last;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+		if ( $new ) {
+			print STDERR
+			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
+			push @$parents, $parent;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub lookup_svn_merge {
+	my $uuid = shift;
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $merge = shift;
+
+	my ($source, $revs) = split ":", $merge;
+	my $path = $source;
+	$path =~ s{^/}{};
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
+	if ( !$gs ) {
+		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
+	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
+	my @merged_commit_ranges;
+	# find the tip
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
+		$top ||= $bottom;
+		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
+		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
+
+		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
+			warn "W:unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		push @merged_commit_ranges,
+			"$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
+
+		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
+			$tip = $top;
+			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
+}
+
+sub _rev_list {
+	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
+		"rev-list", @_,
+	       );
+	my @rv;
+	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+		chomp;
+		push @rv, $_;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+	@rv;
+}
+
+sub check_cherry_pick {
+	my $base = shift;
+	my $tip = shift;
+	my @ranges = @_;
+	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
+		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base);
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		delete @commits{_rev_list($range)};
+	}
+	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
+		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
+			delete $commits{$commit};
+		}
+	}
+	return (keys %commits);
+}
+
+sub has_no_changes {
+	my $commit = shift;
+
+	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
+		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
+
+	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
+	# have changes by definition.
+	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
+
+	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
+	# by definition.
+	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
+
+	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
+		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
+}
+
+# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
+# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
+{
+	my $memoized = 0;
+
+	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if $memoized;
+		$memoized = 1;
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		tie my %lookup_svn_merge_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
+		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge.db", 'nstore';
+		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie my %check_cherry_pick_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
+		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick.db", 'nstore';
+		memoize 'check_cherry_pick',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie my %has_no_changes_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
+		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes.db", 'nstore';
+		memoize 'has_no_changes',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
+			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+		;
+	}
+}
+
+sub parents_exclude {
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @commits = @_;
+	return unless @commits;
+
+	my @excluded;
+	my $excluded;
+	do {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
+		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
+		if ( $excluded ) {
+			my @new;
+			my $found;
+			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
+				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
+					push @excluded, $commit;
+					$found++;
+					last;
+				}
+				else {
+					push @new, $commit;
+				}
+			}
+			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
+				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
+					unless $found;
+			@commits = @new;
+		}
+	}
+		while ($excluded and @commits);
+
+	return @excluded;
+}
+
+
+# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
+# have actually changed
+sub find_extra_svn_parents {
+	my ($self, $ed, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+
+	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+
+	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
+	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
+	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
+	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
+	my @merges = split "\n", $mergeinfo;
+	my @merge_tips;
+	my $url = $self->rewrite_root || $self->{url};
+	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
+	my %ranges;
+	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
+		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
+			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url, $merge );
+		unless (!$tip_commit or
+				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
+			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
+			$ranges{$tip_commit} = \@ranges;
+		} else {
+			push @merge_tips, undef;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
+		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
+
+	# check merge tips for new parents
+	my @new_parents;
+	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
+		my $spec = shift @merges;
+		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
+
+		my $ranges = $ranges{$merge_tip};
+
+		# check out 'new' tips
+		my $merge_base;
+		eval {
+			$merge_base = command_oneline(
+				"merge-base",
+				@$parents, $merge_tip,
+			);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
+				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
+
+			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
+			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
+		my (@incomplete) = check_cherry_pick(
+			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
+			@$ranges,
+		       );
+
+		if ( @incomplete ) {
+			warn "W:svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing "
+				.@incomplete." commit(s) (eg $incomplete[0])\n";
+		} else {
+			warn
+				"Found merge parent (svn:mergeinfo prop): ",
+					$merge_tip, "\n";
+			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
+	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
+		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
+			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
+				next if $i == $j;
+				next unless $new_parents[$i];
+				next unless $new_parents[$j];
+				my $revs = command_oneline(
+					"rev-list", "-1",
+					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
+				       );
+				if ( !$revs ) {
+					undef($new_parents[$i]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
+}
+
+sub make_log_entry {
+	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed) = @_;
+	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
+
+	my @parents = @$parents;
+	my $ps = $ed->{path_strip} || "";
+	for my $path ( grep { m/$ps/ } %{$ed->{dir_prop}} ) {
+		my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$path};
+		if ( $props->{"svk:merge"} ) {
+			$self->find_extra_svk_parents
+				($ed, $props->{"svk:merge"}, \@parents);
+		}
+		if ( $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"} ) {
+			$self->find_extra_svn_parents
+				($ed,
+				 $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"},
+				 \@parents);
+		}
+	}
+
+	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
+	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
+	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
+	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
+	                  log => '');
+
+	my $headrev;
+	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
+	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
+		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
+		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
+			my $v = $rp->{$_};
+			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
+				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
+			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
+				$headrev = $v;
+			} else {
+				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
+					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
+	}
+	close $un or croak $!;
+
+	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
+	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
+	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
+	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
+						       : ($author, undef);
+
+	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
+	if ($_use_log_author) {
+		my $name_field;
+		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		}
+		if (!defined $name_field) {
+			if (!defined $email) {
+				$email = $name;
+			}
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
+		} else {
+			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
+		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
+		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
+		return undef if $r == 0;
+		my $svm = $self->svm;
+		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
+			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
+			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
+			    "     got: $uuid\n";
+		}
+		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
+		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
+		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
+		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
+		# throw away username for storing in records
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
+		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+		my $full_url = $self->svnsync->{url};
+		$full_url .= "/$self->{path}" if length $self->{path};
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} else {
+		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
+		remove_username($url);
+		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
+		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+	}
+	$log_entry{name} = $name;
+	$log_entry{email} = $email;
+	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
+	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
+	\%log_entry;
+}
+
+sub fetch {
+	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
+	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
+	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
+	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
+}
+
+sub set_tree_cb {
+	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
+	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
+	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub set_tree {
+	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
+	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
+	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
+		::fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
+	}
+	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
+	                log => $log_entry->{log},
+	                ra => $self->ra,
+	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
+	                tree_b => $tree,
+	                editor_cb => sub {
+			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
+	                svn_path => $self->{path} );
+	if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	my $r = -1;
+	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
+		chomp($_);
+		++$r;
+		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
+		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
+		print "r$r = $_\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
+}
+
+sub rebuild {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
+	return unless ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
+	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
+		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
+		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
+		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
+			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
+			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
+		}
+		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+		return;
+	}
+	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
+	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
+		(undef, undef));
+	my ($log, $ctx) =
+	    command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --no-color --reverse/,
+				($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname,
+				'--');
+	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
+	remove_username($metadata_url);
+	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
+	my $c;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
+			$c = $1;
+			next;
+		}
+		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
+		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
+		remove_username($url);
+
+		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
+		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
+
+		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
+		# how we break out of it
+		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
+		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($partial && $head) {
+			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
+			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
+			$head = undef;
+		}
+
+		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
+		print "r$rev = $c\n";
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
+	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
+	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
+	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
+		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
+	}
+	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+}
+
+# rev_map:
+# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
+# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
+# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
+# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
+#
+# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
+# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
+# (mainly tags)
+#
+# The format is this:
+#   - 24 bytes for every record,
+#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
+#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
+#   - No empty padding records like the old format
+#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
+#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
+#     increase monotonically
+#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
+#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
+#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
+#     ever arise.
+#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
+#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
+#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
+#
+# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
+
+sub _rev_map_set {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	my $wr_offset = 0;
+	if ($size > 0) {
+		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
+		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+			if ($size >= 48) {
+				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
+				    croak "read: $!";
+				$read == 24 or
+				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
+				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
+				}
+			}
+			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
+				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
+			}
+			$wr_offset = -24;
+		}
+	}
+	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
+	  croak "write: $!";
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_reset {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
+	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
+	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
+}
+
+sub mkfile {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	unless (-e $path) {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
+		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_map_set {
+	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
+	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
+	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
+	my $sig;
+	$update_ref ||= 0;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$SIG{INT} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{ALRM} = $SIG{PIPE} =
+		            $SIG{USR1} = $SIG{USR2} = sub { $sig = $_[0] };
+	}
+	mkfile($db);
+
+	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
+	my $sync;
+	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
+	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
+	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
+		$sync = 1;
+		copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					   "Failed to copy: ",
+					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	} else {
+		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					    "Failed to rename: ",
+					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	}
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
+	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
+	$update_ref eq 'reset' ? _rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit) :
+				 _rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	if ($sync) {
+		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
+		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak $!;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$_head = $self;
+		my $note = "";
+		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
+		              $self->refname, $commit);
+	}
+	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
+	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
+	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$SIG{INT} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{ALRM} = $SIG{PIPE} =
+		            $SIG{USR1} = $SIG{USR2} = 'DEFAULT';
+		kill $sig, $$ if defined $sig;
+	}
+}
+
+# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
+# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
+# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
+# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
+sub rev_map_max {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	$self->rebuild;
+	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	}
+
+	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
+		if ($size < 48) {
+			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+		}
+		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
+			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
+		}
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_get {
+	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	return undef unless -e $map_path;
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
+	$c
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_get {
+	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
+	my ($r, $c, $buf);
+
+	while ($l <= $u) {
+		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
+		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+
+		if ($r < $rev) {
+			$l = $i + 24;
+		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
+			$u = $i - 24;
+		} else { # $r == $rev
+			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
+# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_before {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
+	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$min_rev ||= 1;
+	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
+	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
+	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		--$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
+# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_after {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
+	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		++$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub _new {
+	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
+	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
+		$repo_id = $Git::SVN::default_repo_id;
+	}
+	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
+		$_prefix = '' unless defined($_prefix);
+		$_[2] = $ref_id =
+		             "refs/remotes/$_prefix$Git::SVN::default_ref_id";
+	}
+	$_[1] = $repo_id;
+	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
+
+	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
+	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
+	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.*)}) {
+		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
+		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
+			$dir = $old_dir;
+		}
+	}
+
+	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
+	mkpath([$dir]);
+	bless {
+		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
+	        path => $path, config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
+	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
+}
+
+# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
+sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
+	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
+	if (-l $link) {
+		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_db_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
+	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
+	$db_path;
+}
+
+# the new replacement for .rev_db
+sub map_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
+	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
+}
+
+sub uri_encode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub uri_decode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub remove_username {
+	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
+}
+
+package Git::SVN::Prompt;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+require SVN::Core;
+use vars qw/$_no_auth_cache $_username/;
+
+sub simple {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $default_username, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	$default_username = $_username if defined $_username;
+	if (defined $default_username && length $default_username) {
+		if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
+			print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		}
+		$cred->username($default_username);
+	} else {
+		username($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool);
+	}
+	$cred->password(_read_password("Password for '" .
+	                               $cred->username . "': ", $realm));
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_server_trust {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $failures, $cert_info, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	print STDERR "Error validating server certificate for '$realm':\n";
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# All variables SVN::Auth::SSL::* are used only once,
+		# so we're shutting up Perl warnings about this.
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::UNKNOWNCA) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate is not issued ",
+			    "by a trusted authority. Use the\n",
+			    "   fingerprint to validate ",
+			    "the certificate manually!\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::CNMISMATCH) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate hostname ",
+			    "does not match.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::NOTYETVALID) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate is not yet valid.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::EXPIRED) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate has expired.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::OTHER) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate has ",
+			    "an unknown error.\n";
+		}
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	printf STDERR
+	        "Certificate information:\n".
+	        " - Hostname: %s\n".
+	        " - Valid: from %s until %s\n".
+	        " - Issuer: %s\n".
+	        " - Fingerprint: %s\n",
+	        map $cert_info->$_, qw(hostname valid_from valid_until
+	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
+	my $choice;
+prompt:
+	print STDERR $may_save ?
+	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
+	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	$choice = lc(substr(<STDIN> || 'R', 0, 1));
+	if ($choice =~ /^t$/i) {
+		$cred->may_save(undef);
+	} elsif ($choice =~ /^r$/i) {
+		return -1;
+	} elsif ($may_save && $choice =~ /^p$/i) {
+		$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	} else {
+		goto prompt;
+	}
+	$cred->accepted_failures($failures);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_client_cert {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	print STDERR "Client certificate filename: ";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	chomp(my $filename = <STDIN>);
+	$cred->cert_file($filename);
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_client_cert_pw {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	$cred->password(_read_password("Password: ", $realm));
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub username {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
+		print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
+	}
+	my $username;
+	if (defined $_username) {
+		$username = $_username;
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Username: ";
+		STDERR->flush;
+		chomp($username = <STDIN>);
+	}
+	$cred->username($username);
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub _read_password {
+	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
+	print STDERR $prompt;
+	STDERR->flush;
+	require Term::ReadKey;
+	Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
+	my $password = '';
+	while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
+		last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
+		$password .= $key;
+	}
+	Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
+	print STDERR "\n";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	$password;
+}
+
+package SVN::Git::Fetcher;
+use vars qw/@ISA/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Temp qw/tempfile/;
+use IO::File qw//;
+use vars qw/$_ignore_regex/;
+
+# file baton members: path, mode_a, mode_b, pool, fh, blob, base
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
+	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new;
+	bless $self, $class;
+	if (exists $git_svn->{last_commit}) {
+		$self->{c} = $git_svn->{last_commit};
+		$self->{empty_symlinks} =
+		                  _mark_empty_symlinks($git_svn, $switch_path);
+	}
+	$self->{ignore_regex} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
+			     "svn-remote.$git_svn->{repo_id}.ignore-paths") };
+	$self->{empty} = {};
+	$self->{dir_prop} = {};
+	$self->{file_prop} = {};
+	$self->{absent_dir} = {};
+	$self->{absent_file} = {};
+	$self->{gii} = $git_svn->tmp_index_do(sub { Git::IndexInfo->new });
+	$self;
+}
+
+# this uses the Ra object, so it must be called before do_{switch,update},
+# not inside them (when the Git::SVN::Fetcher object is passed) to
+# do_{switch,update}
+sub _mark_empty_symlinks {
+	my ($git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
+	my $bool = Git::config_bool('svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround');
+	return {} if (!defined($bool)) || (defined($bool) && ! $bool);
+
+	my %ret;
+	my ($rev, $cmt) = $git_svn->last_rev_commit;
+	return {} unless ($rev && $cmt);
+
+	# allow the warning to be printed for each revision we fetch to
+	# ensure the user sees it.  The user can also disable the workaround
+	# on the repository even while git svn is running and the next
+	# revision fetched will skip this expensive function.
+	my $printed_warning;
+	chomp(my $empty_blob = `git hash-object -t blob --stdin < /dev/null`);
+	my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree -r -z/, $cmt);
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->{path};
+	$pfx .= '/' if length($pfx);
+	while (<$ls>) {
+		chomp;
+		s/\A100644 blob $empty_blob\t//o or next;
+		unless ($printed_warning) {
+			print STDERR "Scanning for empty symlinks, ",
+			             "this may take a while if you have ",
+				     "many empty files\n",
+				     "You may disable this with `",
+				     "git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround ",
+				     "false'.\n",
+				     "This may be done in a different ",
+				     "terminal without restarting ",
+				     "git svn\n";
+			$printed_warning = 1;
+		}
+		my $path = $_;
+		my (undef, $props) =
+		               $git_svn->ra->get_file($pfx.$path, $rev, undef);
+		if ($props->{'svn:special'}) {
+			$ret{$path} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+	\%ret;
+}
+
+# returns true if a given path is inside a ".git" directory
+sub in_dot_git {
+	$_[0] =~ m{(?:^|/)\.git(?:/|$)};
+}
+
+# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+sub is_path_ignored {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
+	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
+	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
+	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub set_path_strip {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	$self->{path_strip} = qr/^\Q$path\E(\/|$)/ if length $path;
+}
+
+sub open_root {
+	{ path => '' };
+}
+
+sub open_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
+	{ path => $path };
+}
+
+sub git_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if ($self->{path_strip}) {
+		$path =~ s!$self->{path_strip}!! or
+		  die "Failed to strip path '$path' ($self->{path_strip})\n";
+	}
+	$path;
+}
+
+sub delete_entry {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	return undef if ($gpath eq '');
+
+	# remove entire directories.
+	my ($tree) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
+	                 =~ /\A040000 tree ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
+	if ($tree) {
+		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
+		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
+				                     $tree);
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		while (<$ls>) {
+			chomp;
+			my $rmpath = "$gpath/$_";
+			$self->{gii}->remove($rmpath);
+			print "\tD\t$rmpath\n" unless $::_q;
+		}
+		print "\tD\t$gpath/\n" unless $::_q;
+		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+	} else {
+		$self->{gii}->remove($gpath);
+		print "\tD\t$gpath\n" unless $::_q;
+	}
+	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub open_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
+	my ($mode, $blob);
+
+	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	($mode, $blob) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
+	                     =~ /\A(\d{6}) blob ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
+	unless (defined $mode && defined $blob) {
+		die "$path was not found in commit $self->{c} (r$rev)\n";
+	}
+	if ($mode eq '100644' && $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$path}) {
+		$mode = '120000';
+	}
+out:
+	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode, blob => $blob,
+	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'M' };
+}
+
+sub add_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
+	my $mode;
+
+	if (!$self->is_path_ignored($path)) {
+		my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+		$mode = '100644';
+	}
+	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode,
+	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'A' };
+}
+
+sub add_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
+	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	if ($gpath eq '') {
+		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
+		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
+				                     $self->{c});
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		while (<$ls>) {
+			chomp;
+			$self->{gii}->remove($_);
+			print "\tD\t$_\n" unless $::_q;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+		$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
+	}
+	my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 1;
+out:
+	{ path => $path };
+}
+
+sub change_dir_prop {
+	my ($self, $db, $prop, $value) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($db->{path});
+	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}} ||= {};
+	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub absent_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
+	push @{$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub absent_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
+	push @{$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub change_file_prop {
+	my ($self, $fb, $prop, $value) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+	if ($prop eq 'svn:executable') {
+		if ($fb->{mode_b} != 120000) {
+			$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 100755 : 100644;
+		}
+	} elsif ($prop eq 'svn:special') {
+		$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 120000 : 100644;
+	} else {
+		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}} ||= {};
+		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub apply_textdelta {
+	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_delta');
+	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
+	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
+	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
+	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire('git_blob');
+
+	if ($fb->{blob}) {
+		my ($base_is_link, $size);
+
+		if ($fb->{mode_a} eq '120000' &&
+		    ! $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$fb->{path}}) {
+			print $base 'link ' or die "print $!\n";
+			$base_is_link = 1;
+		}
+	retry:
+		$size = $::_repository->cat_blob($fb->{blob}, $base);
+		die "Failed to read object $fb->{blob}" if ($size < 0);
+
+		if (defined $exp) {
+			seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+			my $got = ::md5sum($base);
+			if ($got ne $exp) {
+				my $err = "Checksum mismatch: ".
+				       "$fb->{path} $fb->{blob}\n" .
+				       "expected: $exp\n" .
+				       "     got: $got\n";
+				if ($base_is_link) {
+					warn $err,
+					     "Retrying... (possibly ",
+					     "a bad symlink from SVN)\n";
+					$::_repository->temp_reset($base);
+					$base_is_link = 0;
+					goto retry;
+				}
+				die $err;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+	$fb->{fh} = $fh;
+	$fb->{base} = $base;
+	[ SVN::TxDelta::apply($base, $dup, undef, $fb->{path}, $fb->{pool}) ];
+}
+
+sub close_file {
+	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+
+	my $hash;
+	my $path = $self->git_path($fb->{path});
+	if (my $fh = $fb->{fh}) {
+		if (defined $exp) {
+			seek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
+			my $got = ::md5sum($fh);
+			if ($got ne $exp) {
+				die "Checksum mismatch: $path\n",
+				    "expected: $exp\n    got: $got\n";
+			}
+		}
+		if ($fb->{mode_b} == 120000) {
+			sysseek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
+			my $rd = sysread($fh, my $buf, 5);
+
+			if (!defined $rd) {
+				croak "sysread: $!\n";
+			} elsif ($rd == 0) {
+				warn "$path has mode 120000",
+				     " but it points to nothing\n",
+				     "converting to an empty file with mode",
+				     " 100644\n";
+				$fb->{mode_b} = '100644';
+			} elsif ($buf ne 'link ') {
+				warn "$path has mode 120000",
+				     " but is not a link\n";
+			} else {
+				my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire(
+					'svn_hash');
+				my $res;
+				while ($res = sysread($fh, my $str, 1024)) {
+					my $out = syswrite($tmp_fh, $str, $res);
+					defined($out) && $out == $res
+						or croak("write ",
+							Git::temp_path($tmp_fh),
+							": $!\n");
+				}
+				defined $res or croak $!;
+
+				($fh, $tmp_fh) = ($tmp_fh, $fh);
+				Git::temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		$hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(
+				Git::temp_path($fh));
+		$hash =~ /^[a-f\d]{40}$/ or die "not a sha1: $hash\n";
+
+		Git::temp_release($fb->{base}, 1);
+		Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
+	} else {
+		$hash = $fb->{blob} or die "no blob information\n";
+	}
+	$fb->{pool}->clear;
+	$self->{gii}->update($fb->{mode_b}, $hash, $path) or croak $!;
+	print "\t$fb->{action}\t$path\n" if $fb->{action} && ! $::_q;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub abort_edit {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
+	delete $self->{gii};
+	$self->SUPER::abort_edit(@_);
+}
+
+sub close_edit {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{git_commit_ok} = 1;
+	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
+	delete $self->{gii};
+	$self->SUPER::close_edit(@_);
+}
+
+package SVN::Git::Editor;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_rmdir $_cp_similarity $_find_copies_harder $_rename_limit/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use IO::File;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $opts) = @_;
+	foreach (qw/svn_path r ra tree_a tree_b log editor_cb/) {
+		die "$_ required!\n" unless (defined $opts->{$_});
+	}
+
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $mods = generate_diff($opts->{tree_a}, $opts->{tree_b});
+	my $types = check_diff_paths($opts->{ra}, $opts->{svn_path},
+	                             $opts->{r}, $mods);
+
+	# $opts->{ra} functions should not be used after this:
+	my @ce  = $opts->{ra}->get_commit_editor($opts->{log},
+	                                        $opts->{editor_cb}, $pool);
+	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new(@ce, $pool);
+	bless $self, $class;
+	foreach (qw/svn_path r tree_a tree_b/) {
+		$self->{$_} = $opts->{$_};
+	}
+	$self->{url} = $opts->{ra}->{url};
+	$self->{mods} = $mods;
+	$self->{types} = $types;
+	$self->{pool} = $pool;
+	$self->{bat} = { '' => $self->open_root($self->{r}, $self->{pool}) };
+	$self->{rm} = { };
+	$self->{path_prefix} = length $self->{svn_path} ?
+	                       "$self->{svn_path}/" : '';
+	$self->{config} = $opts->{config};
+	return $self;
+}
+
+sub generate_diff {
+	my ($tree_a, $tree_b) = @_;
+	my @diff_tree = qw(diff-tree -z -r);
+	if ($_cp_similarity) {
+		push @diff_tree, "-C$_cp_similarity";
+	} else {
+		push @diff_tree, '-C';
+	}
+	push @diff_tree, '--find-copies-harder' if $_find_copies_harder;
+	push @diff_tree, "-l$_rename_limit" if defined $_rename_limit;
+	push @diff_tree, $tree_a, $tree_b;
+	my ($diff_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@diff_tree);
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $state = 'meta';
+	my @mods;
+	while (<$diff_fh>) {
+		chomp $_; # this gets rid of the trailing "\0"
+		if ($state eq 'meta' && /^:(\d{6})\s(\d{6})\s
+					($::sha1)\s($::sha1)\s
+					([MTCRAD])\d*$/xo) {
+			push @mods, {	mode_a => $1, mode_b => $2,
+					sha1_a => $3, sha1_b => $4,
+					chg => $5 };
+			if ($5 =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				$state = 'file_a';
+			} else {
+				$state = 'file_b';
+			}
+		} elsif ($state eq 'file_a') {
+			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
+			if ($x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			$x->{file_a} = $_;
+			$state = 'file_b';
+		} elsif ($state eq 'file_b') {
+			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
+			if (exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			if (!exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			$x->{file_b} = $_;
+			$state = 'meta';
+		} else {
+			croak "Error parsing $_\n";
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($diff_fh, $ctx);
+	\@mods;
+}
+
+sub check_diff_paths {
+	my ($ra, $pfx, $rev, $mods) = @_;
+	my %types;
+	$pfx .= '/' if length $pfx;
+
+	sub type_diff_paths {
+		my ($ra, $types, $path, $rev) = @_;
+		my @p = split m#/+#, $path;
+		my $c = shift @p;
+		unless (defined $types->{$c}) {
+			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
+		}
+		while (@p) {
+			$c .= '/' . shift @p;
+			next if defined $types->{$c};
+			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
+		foreach my $f (qw/file_a file_b/) {
+			next unless defined $m->{$f};
+			my ($dir) = ($m->{$f} =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
+			if (length $pfx.$dir && ! defined $types{$dir}) {
+				type_diff_paths($ra, \%types, $pfx.$dir, $rev);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\%types;
+}
+
+sub split_path {
+	return ($_[0] =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+}
+
+sub repo_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	$self->{path_prefix}.(defined $path ? $path : '');
+}
+
+sub url_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
+		$path =~ s!([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./-])!uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))!eg;
+	}
+	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
+}
+
+sub rmdirs {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $rm = $self->{rm};
+	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
+	return unless %$rm;
+
+	foreach (keys %$rm) {
+		my @d = split m#/#, $_;
+		my $c = shift @d;
+		$rm->{$c} = 1;
+		while (@d) {
+			$c .= '/' . shift @d;
+			$rm->{$c} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	delete $rm->{$self->{svn_path}};
+	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
+	return unless %$rm;
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree --name-only -r -z/,
+	                                     $self->{tree_b});
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my @dn = split m#/#, $_;
+		while (pop @dn) {
+			delete $rm->{join '/', @dn};
+		}
+		unless (%$rm) {
+			close $fh;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+
+	my ($r, $p, $bat) = ($self->{r}, $self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
+	foreach my $d (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$rm) {
+		$self->close_directory($bat->{$d}, $p);
+		my ($dn) = ($d =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
+		print "\tD+\t$d/\n" unless $::_q;
+		$self->SUPER::delete_entry($d, $r, $bat->{$dn}, $p);
+		delete $bat->{$d};
+	}
+}
+
+sub open_or_add_dir {
+	my ($self, $full_path, $baton) = @_;
+	my $t = $self->{types}->{$full_path};
+	if (!defined $t) {
+		die "$full_path not known in r$self->{r} or we have a bug!\n";
+	}
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# SVN::Node::none and SVN::Node::file are used only once,
+		# so we're shutting up Perl's warnings about them.
+		if ($t == $SVN::Node::none) {
+			return $self->add_directory($full_path, $baton,
+			    undef, -1, $self->{pool});
+		} elsif ($t == $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return $self->open_directory($full_path, $baton,
+			    $self->{r}, $self->{pool});
+		} # no warnings 'once'
+		print STDERR "$full_path already exists in repository at ",
+		    "r$self->{r} and it is not a directory (",
+		    ($t == $SVN::Node::file ? 'file' : 'unknown'),"/$t)\n";
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+sub ensure_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	my $bat = $self->{bat};
+	my $repo_path = $self->repo_path($path);
+	return $bat->{''} unless (length $repo_path);
+	my @p = split m#/+#, $repo_path;
+	my $c = shift @p;
+	$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{''});
+	while (@p) {
+		my $c0 = $c;
+		$c .= '/' . shift @p;
+		$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{$c0});
+	}
+	return $bat->{$c};
+}
+
+# Subroutine to convert a globbing pattern to a regular expression.
+# From perl cookbook.
+sub glob2pat {
+	my $globstr = shift;
+	my %patmap = ('*' => '.*', '?' => '.', '[' => '[', ']' => ']');
+	$globstr =~ s{(.)} { $patmap{$1} || "\Q$1" }ge;
+	return '^' . $globstr . '$';
+}
+
+sub check_autoprop {
+	my ($self, $pattern, $properties, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	# Convert the globbing pattern to a regular expression.
+	my $regex = glob2pat($pattern);
+	# Check if the pattern matches the file name.
+	if($file =~ m/($regex)/) {
+		# Parse the list of properties to set.
+		my @props = split(/;/, $properties);
+		foreach my $prop (@props) {
+			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+				for ($n, $v) {
+					s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
+				}
+				$self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub apply_autoprops {
+	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	my $conf_t = ${$self->{config}}{'config'};
+	no warnings 'once';
+	# Check [miscellany]/enable-auto-props in svn configuration.
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool(
+		$conf_t,
+		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_MISCELLANY,
+		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_ENABLE_AUTO_PROPS,
+		0)) {
+		# Auto-props are enabled.  Enumerate them to look for matches.
+		my $callback = sub {
+			$self->check_autoprop($_[0], $_[1], $file, $fbat);
+		};
+		SVN::_Core::svn_config_enumerate(
+			$conf_t,
+			$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTO_PROPS,
+			$callback);
+	}
+}
+
+sub A {
+	my ($self, $m) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+					undef, -1);
+	print "\tA\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub C {
+	my ($self, $m) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
+	print "\tC\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub delete_entry {
+	my ($self, $path, $pbat) = @_;
+	my $rpath = $self->repo_path($path);
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($rpath);
+	$self->{rm}->{$dir} = 1;
+	$self->SUPER::delete_entry($rpath, $self->{r}, $pbat, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub R {
+	my ($self, $m) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
+	print "\tR\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+
+	($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_a});
+	$pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
+	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_a}, $pbat);
+}
+
+sub M {
+	my ($self, $m) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
+	my $fbat = $self->open_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}),
+				$pbat,$self->{r},$self->{pool});
+	print "\t$m->{chg}\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub T { shift->M(@_) }
+
+sub change_file_prop {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::change_file_prop($fbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub _chg_file_get_blob ($$$$) {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $m, $which) = @_;
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_$which");
+	if ($m->{"mode_$which"} =~ /^120/) {
+		print $fh 'link ' or croak $!;
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special','*');
+	} elsif ($m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/ && $m->{"mode_$which"} !~ /^120/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special',undef);
+	}
+	my $blob = $m->{"sha1_$which"};
+	return ($fh,) if ($blob =~ /^0{40}$/);
+	my $size = $::_repository->cat_blob($blob, $fh);
+	croak "Failed to read object $blob" if ($size < 0);
+	$fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+
+	my $exp = ::md5sum($fh);
+	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+	return ($fh, $exp);
+}
+
+sub chg_file {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $m) = @_;
+	if ($m->{mode_b} =~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /755$/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable','*');
+	} elsif ($m->{mode_b} !~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /755$/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable',undef);
+	}
+	my ($fh_a, $exp_a) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'a';
+	my ($fh_b, $exp_b) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'b';
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $atd = $self->apply_textdelta($fbat, $exp_a, $pool);
+	if (-s $fh_a) {
+		my $txstream = SVN::TxDelta::new ($fh_a, $fh_b, $pool);
+		my $res = SVN::TxDelta::send_txstream($txstream, @$atd, $pool);
+		if (defined $res) {
+			die "Unexpected result from send_txstream: $res\n",
+			    "(SVN::Core::VERSION: $SVN::Core::VERSION)\n";
+		}
+	} else {
+		my $got = SVN::TxDelta::send_stream($fh_b, @$atd, $pool);
+		die "Checksum mismatch\nexpected: $exp_b\ngot: $got\n"
+		    if ($got ne $exp_b);
+	}
+	Git::temp_release($fh_b, 1);
+	Git::temp_release($fh_a, 1);
+	$pool->clear;
+}
+
+sub D {
+	my ($self, $m) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir);
+	print "\tD\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_b}, $pbat);
+}
+
+sub close_edit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my ($p,$bat) = ($self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
+	foreach (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$bat) {
+		next if $_ eq '';
+		$self->close_directory($bat->{$_}, $p);
+	}
+	$self->close_directory($bat->{''}, $p);
+	$self->SUPER::close_edit($p);
+	$p->clear;
+}
+
+sub abort_edit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::abort_edit($self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->SUPER::DESTROY(@_);
+	$self->{pool}->clear;
+}
+
+# this drives the editor
+sub apply_diff {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $mods = $self->{mods};
+	my %o = ( D => 1, R => 0, C => -1, A => 3, M => 3, T => 3 );
+	foreach my $m (sort { $o{$a->{chg}} <=> $o{$b->{chg}} } @$mods) {
+		my $f = $m->{chg};
+		if (defined $o{$f}) {
+			$self->$f($m);
+		} else {
+			fatal("Invalid change type: $f");
+		}
+	}
+	$self->rmdirs if $_rmdir;
+	if (@$mods == 0) {
+		$self->abort_edit;
+	} else {
+		$self->close_edit;
+	}
+	return scalar @$mods;
+}
+
+package Git::SVN::Ra;
+use vars qw/@ISA $config_dir $_log_window_size/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+my ($ra_invalid, $can_do_switch, %ignored_err, $RA);
+
+BEGIN {
+	# enforce temporary pool usage for some simple functions
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $f (qw/rev_proplist get_latest_revnum get_uuid get_repos_root
+	              get_file/) {
+		my $SUPER = "SUPER::$f";
+		*$f = sub {
+			my $self = shift;
+			my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+			my @ret = $self->$SUPER(@_,$pool);
+			$pool->clear;
+			wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+		};
+	}
+}
+
+sub _auth_providers () {
+	[
+	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::simple, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert_pw, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_username_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_server_trust),
+	  SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::username, 2)
+	]
+}
+
+sub escape_uri_only {
+	my ($uri) = @_;
+	my @tmp;
+	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
+		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		push @tmp, $_;
+	}
+	join('/', @tmp);
+}
+
+sub escape_url {
+	my ($url) = @_;
+	if ($url =~ m#^(https?)://([^/]+)(.*)$#) {
+		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
+		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+	}
+	$url;
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $url) = @_;
+	$url =~ s!/+$!!;
+	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->{url} eq $url);
+
+	SVN::_Core::svn_config_ensure($config_dir, undef);
+	my ($baton, $callbacks) = SVN::Core::auth_open_helper(_auth_providers);
+	my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
+	$RA = undef;
+	my $dont_store_passwords = 1;
+	my $conf_t = ${$config}{'config'};
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# The usage of $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_* variables
+		# produces warnings that variables are used only once.
+		# I had not found the better way to shut them up, so
+		# the warnings of type 'once' are disabled in this block.
+		if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
+		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
+		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_PASSWORDS,
+		    1) == 0) {
+			SVN::_Core::svn_auth_set_parameter($baton,
+			    $SVN::_Core::SVN_AUTH_PARAM_DONT_STORE_PASSWORDS,
+			    bless (\$dont_store_passwords, "_p_void"));
+		}
+		if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
+		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
+		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_AUTH_CREDS,
+		    1) == 0) {
+			$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache = 1;
+		}
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => escape_url($url), auth => $baton,
+	                      config => $config,
+			      pool => SVN::Pool->new,
+	                      auth_provider_callbacks => $callbacks);
+	$self->{url} = $url;
+	$self->{svn_path} = $url;
+	$self->{repos_root} = $self->get_repos_root;
+	$self->{svn_path} =~ s#^\Q$self->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+	$self->{cache} = { check_path => { r => 0, data => {} },
+	                   get_dir => { r => 0, data => {} } };
+	$RA = bless $self, $class;
+}
+
+sub check_path {
+	my ($self, $path, $r) = @_;
+	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{check_path};
+	if ($r == $cache->{r} && exists $cache->{data}->{$path}) {
+		return $cache->{data}->{$path};
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $t = $self->SUPER::check_path($path, $r, $pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
+		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
+		$cache->{r} = $r;
+	}
+	$cache->{data}->{$path} = $t;
+}
+
+sub get_dir {
+	my ($self, $dir, $r) = @_;
+	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{get_dir};
+	if ($r == $cache->{r}) {
+		if (my $x = $cache->{data}->{$dir}) {
+			return wantarray ? @$x : $x->[0];
+		}
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my ($d, undef, $props) = $self->SUPER::get_dir($dir, $r, $pool);
+	my %dirents = map { $_ => { kind => $d->{$_}->kind } } keys %$d;
+	$pool->clear;
+	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
+		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
+		$cache->{r} = $r;
+	}
+	$cache->{data}->{$dir} = [ \%dirents, $r, $props ];
+	wantarray ? (\%dirents, $r, $props) : \%dirents;
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	# do not call the real DESTROY since we store ourselves in $RA
+}
+
+# get_log(paths, start, end, limit,
+#         discover_changed_paths, strict_node_history, receiver)
+sub get_log {
+	my ($self, @args) = @_;
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+
+	# svn_log_changed_path_t objects passed to get_log are likely to be
+	# overwritten even if only the refs are copied to an external variable,
+	# so we should dup the structures in their entirety.  Using an
+	# externally passed pool (instead of our temporary and quickly cleared
+	# pool in Git::SVN::Ra) does not help matters at all...
+	my $receiver = pop @args;
+	my $prefix = "/".$self->{svn_path};
+	$prefix =~ s#/+($)##;
+	my $prefix_regex = qr#^\Q$prefix\E#;
+	push(@args, sub {
+		my ($paths) = $_[0];
+		return &$receiver(@_) unless $paths;
+		$_[0] = ();
+		foreach my $p (keys %$paths) {
+			my $i = $paths->{$p};
+			# Make path relative to our url, not repos_root
+			$p =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+			my %s = map { $_ => $i->$_; }
+				qw/copyfrom_path copyfrom_rev action/;
+			if ($s{'copyfrom_path'}) {
+				$s{'copyfrom_path'} =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+			}
+			$_[0]{$p} = \%s;
+		}
+		&$receiver(@_);
+	});
+
+
+	# the limit parameter was not supported in SVN 1.1.x, so we
+	# drop it.  Therefore, the receiver callback passed to it
+	# is made aware of this limitation by being wrapped if
+	# the limit passed to is being wrapped.
+	if ($SVN::Core::VERSION le '1.2.0') {
+		my $limit = splice(@args, 3, 1);
+		if ($limit > 0) {
+			my $receiver = pop @args;
+			push(@args, sub { &$receiver(@_) if (--$limit >= 0) });
+		}
+	}
+	my $ret = $self->SUPER::get_log(@args, $pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	$ret;
+}
+
+sub trees_match {
+	my ($self, $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2) = @_;
+	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(auth => _auth_providers);
+	my $out = IO::File->new_tmpfile;
+
+	# older SVN (1.1.x) doesn't take $pool as the last parameter for
+	# $ctx->diff(), so we'll create a default one
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new_default_sub;
+
+	$ra_invalid = 1; # this will open a new SVN::Ra connection to $url1
+	$ctx->diff([], $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2, 1, 1, 0, $out, $out);
+	$out->flush;
+	my $ret = (($out->stat)[7] == 0);
+	close $out or croak $!;
+
+	$ret;
+}
+
+sub get_commit_editor {
+	my ($self, $log, $cb, $pool) = @_;
+	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef, 0) : ();
+	$self->SUPER::get_commit_editor($log, $cb, @lock, $pool);
+}
+
+sub gs_do_update {
+	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $editor) = @_;
+	my $new = ($rev_a == $rev_b);
+	my $path = $gs->{path};
+
+	if ($new && -e $gs->{index}) {
+		unlink $gs->{index} or die
+		  "Couldn't unlink index: $gs->{index}: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	$editor->set_path_strip($path);
+	my (@pc) = split m#/#, $path;
+	my $reporter = $self->do_update($rev_b, (@pc ? shift @pc : ''),
+	                                1, $editor, $pool);
+	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef) : ();
+
+	# Since we can't rely on svn_ra_reparent being available, we'll
+	# just have to do some magic with set_path to make it so
+	# we only want a partial path.
+	my $sp = '';
+	my $final = join('/', @pc);
+	while (@pc) {
+		$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_b, 0, @lock, $pool);
+		$sp .= '/' if length $sp;
+		$sp .= shift @pc;
+	}
+	die "BUG: '$sp' != '$final'\n" if ($sp ne $final);
+
+	$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_a, $new, @lock, $pool);
+
+	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
+}
+
+# this requires SVN 1.4.3 or later (do_switch didn't work before 1.4.3, and
+# svn_ra_reparent didn't work before 1.4)
+sub gs_do_switch {
+	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $url_b, $editor) = @_;
+	my $path = $gs->{path};
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+
+	my $full_url = $self->{url};
+	my $old_url = $full_url;
+	$full_url .= '/' . $path if length $path;
+	my ($ra, $reparented);
+
+	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+ssh)?://# ||
+	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
+	     escape_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
+		$_[0] = undef;
+		$self = undef;
+		$RA = undef;
+		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($full_url);
+		$ra_invalid = 1;
+	} elsif ($old_url ne $full_url) {
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $full_url, $pool);
+		$self->{url} = $full_url;
+		$reparented = 1;
+	}
+
+	$ra ||= $self;
+	$url_b = escape_url($url_b);
+	my $reporter = $ra->do_switch($rev_b, '', 1, $url_b, $editor, $pool);
+	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef) : ();
+	$reporter->set_path('', $rev_a, 0, @lock, $pool);
+	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
+
+	if ($reparented) {
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $old_url, $pool);
+		$self->{url} = $old_url;
+	}
+
+	$pool->clear;
+	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
+}
+
+sub longest_common_path {
+	my ($gsv, $globs) = @_;
+	my %common;
+	my $common_max = scalar @$gsv;
+
+	foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->{path};
+		my $p = '';
+		foreach (@tmp) {
+			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
+			$common{$p} ||= 0;
+			$common{$p}++;
+		}
+	}
+	$globs ||= [];
+	$common_max += scalar @$globs;
+	foreach my $glob (@$globs) {
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $glob->{path}->{left};
+		my $p = '';
+		foreach (@tmp) {
+			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
+			$common{$p} ||= 0;
+			$common{$p}++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $longest_path = '';
+	foreach (sort {length $b <=> length $a} keys %common) {
+		if ($common{$_} == $common_max) {
+			$longest_path = $_;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	$longest_path;
+}
+
+sub gs_fetch_loop_common {
+	my ($self, $base, $head, $gsv, $globs) = @_;
+	return if ($base > $head);
+	my $inc = $_log_window_size;
+	my ($min, $max) = ($base, $head < $base + $inc ? $head : $base + $inc);
+	my $longest_path = longest_common_path($gsv, $globs);
+	my $ra_url = $self->{url};
+	my $find_trailing_edge;
+	while (1) {
+		my %revs;
+		my $err;
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
+			($err) = @_;
+			skip_unknown_revs($err);
+		};
+		sub _cb {
+			my ($paths, $r, $author, $date, $log) = @_;
+			[ $paths,
+			  { author => $author, date => $date, log => $log } ];
+		}
+		$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $max, 0, 1, 1,
+		               sub { $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
+		if ($err) {
+			print "Checked through r$max\r";
+		} else {
+			$find_trailing_edge = 1;
+		}
+		if ($err and $find_trailing_edge) {
+			print STDERR "Path '$longest_path' ",
+				     "was probably deleted:\n",
+				     $err->expanded_message,
+				     "\nWill attempt to follow ",
+				     "revisions r$min .. r$max ",
+				     "committed before the deletion\n";
+			my $hi = $max;
+			while (--$hi >= $min) {
+				my $ok;
+				$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $hi,
+				               0, 1, 1, sub {
+				               $ok = $_[1];
+				               $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
+				if ($ok) {
+					print STDERR "r$min .. r$ok OK\n";
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			$find_trailing_edge = 0;
+		}
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+
+		my %exists = map { $_->{path} => $_ } @$gsv;
+		foreach my $r (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %revs) {
+			my ($paths, $logged) = @{$revs{$r}};
+
+			foreach my $gs ($self->match_globs(\%exists, $paths,
+			                                   $globs, $r)) {
+				if ($gs->rev_map_max >= $r) {
+					next;
+				}
+				next unless $gs->match_paths($paths, $r);
+				$gs->{logged_rev_props} = $logged;
+				if (my $last_commit = $gs->last_commit) {
+					$gs->assert_index_clean($last_commit);
+				}
+				my $log_entry = $gs->do_fetch($paths, $r);
+				if ($log_entry) {
+					$gs->do_git_commit($log_entry);
+				}
+				$INDEX_FILES{$gs->{index}} = 1;
+			}
+			foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+				my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}." .
+				        "$g->{t}-maxRev";
+				Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $r);
+			}
+			if ($ra_invalid) {
+				$_[0] = undef;
+				$self = undef;
+				$RA = undef;
+				$self = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra_url);
+				$ra_invalid = undef;
+			}
+		}
+		# pre-fill the .rev_db since it'll eventually get filled in
+		# with '0' x40 if something new gets committed
+		foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
+			next if $gs->rev_map_max >= $max;
+			next if defined $gs->rev_map_get($max);
+			$gs->rev_map_set($max, 0 x40);
+		}
+		foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}.$g->{t}-maxRev";
+			Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $max);
+		}
+		last if $max >= $head;
+		$min = $max + 1;
+		$max += $inc;
+		$max = $head if ($max > $head);
+	}
+	Git::SVN::gc();
+}
+
+sub get_dir_globbed {
+	my ($self, $left, $depth, $r) = @_;
+
+	my @x = eval { $self->get_dir($left, $r) };
+	return unless scalar @x == 3;
+	my $dirents = $x[0];
+	my @finalents;
+	foreach my $de (keys %$dirents) {
+		next if $dirents->{$de}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		if ($depth > 1) {
+			my @args = ("$left/$de", $depth - 1, $r);
+			foreach my $dir ($self->get_dir_globbed(@args)) {
+				push @finalents, "$de/$dir";
+			}
+		} else {
+			push @finalents, $de;
+		}
+	}
+	@finalents;
+}
+
+sub match_globs {
+	my ($self, $exists, $paths, $globs, $r) = @_;
+
+	sub get_dir_check {
+		my ($self, $exists, $g, $r) = @_;
+
+		my @dirs = $self->get_dir_globbed($g->{path}->{left},
+		                                  $g->{path}->{depth},
+		                                  $r);
+
+		foreach my $de (@dirs) {
+			my $p = $g->{path}->full_path($de);
+			next if $exists->{$p};
+			next if (length $g->{path}->{right} &&
+				 ($self->check_path($p, $r) !=
+				  $SVN::Node::dir));
+			next unless $p =~ /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
+			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->{url}, $p, undef,
+					 $g->{ref}->full_path($de), 1);
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+		if (my $path = $paths->{"/$g->{path}->{left}"}) {
+			if ($path->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/) {
+				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+			}
+		}
+		foreach (keys %$paths) {
+			if (/$g->{path}->{left_regex}/ &&
+			    !/$g->{path}->{regex}/) {
+				next if $paths->{$_}->{action} !~ /^[AR]$/;
+				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+			}
+			next unless /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
+			my $p = $1;
+			my $pathname = $g->{path}->full_path($p);
+			next if $exists->{$pathname};
+			next if ($self->check_path($pathname, $r) !=
+			         $SVN::Node::dir);
+			$exists->{$pathname} = Git::SVN->init(
+			                      $self->{url}, $pathname, undef,
+			                      $g->{ref}->full_path($p), 1);
+		}
+		my $c = '';
+		foreach (split m#/#, $g->{path}->{left}) {
+			$c .= "/$_";
+			next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+			             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+			get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+		}
+	}
+	values %$exists;
+}
+
+sub minimize_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{url} if ($self->{url} eq $self->{repos_root});
+	my $url = $self->{repos_root};
+	my @components = split(m!/!, $self->{svn_path});
+	my $c = '';
+	do {
+		$url .= "/$c" if length $c;
+		eval {
+			my $ra = (ref $self)->new($url);
+			my $latest = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+			$ra->get_log("", $latest, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub {});
+		};
+	} while ($@ && ($c = shift @components));
+	$url;
+}
+
+sub can_do_switch {
+	my $self = shift;
+	unless (defined $can_do_switch) {
+		my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+		my $rep = eval {
+			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->{url},
+			                 SVN::Delta::Editor->new, $pool);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			$can_do_switch = 0;
+		} else {
+			$rep->abort_report($pool);
+			$can_do_switch = 1;
+		}
+		$pool->clear;
+	}
+	$can_do_switch;
+}
+
+sub skip_unknown_revs {
+	my ($err) = @_;
+	my $errno = $err->apr_err();
+	# Maybe the branch we're tracking didn't
+	# exist when the repo started, so it's
+	# not an error if it doesn't, just continue
+	#
+	# Wonderfully consistent library, eh?
+	# 160013 - svn:// and file://
+	# 175002 - http(s)://
+	# 175007 - http(s):// (this repo required authorization, too...)
+	#   More codes may be discovered later...
+	if ($errno == 175007 || $errno == 175002 || $errno == 160013) {
+		my $err_key = $err->expanded_message;
+		# revision numbers change every time, filter them out
+		$err_key =~ s/\d+/\0/g;
+		$err_key = "$errno\0$err_key";
+		unless ($ignored_err{$err_key}) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring error from SVN, path probably ",
+			     "does not exist: ($errno): ",
+			     $err->expanded_message,"\n";
+			warn "W: Do not be alarmed at the above message ",
+			     "git-svn is just searching aggressively for ",
+			     "old history.\n",
+			     "This may take a while on large repositories\n";
+			$ignored_err{$err_key} = 1;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	die "Error from SVN, ($errno): ", $err->expanded_message,"\n";
+}
+
+package Git::SVN::Log;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use POSIX qw/strftime/;
+use Time::Local;
+use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
+use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
+            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
+my $l_fmt;
+
+sub cmt_showable {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
+
+	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
+	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
+				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
+		@{$c->{l}} = ();
+		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
+
+		# shift off the headers
+		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
+		shift @log;
+
+		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
+		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
+
+		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
+				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
+	}
+	return defined $c->{r};
+}
+
+sub log_use_color {
+	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
+}
+
+sub git_svn_log_cmd {
+	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
+	my $head = 'HEAD';
+	my (@files, @log_opts);
+	foreach my $x (@args) {
+		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
+			push @files, $x;
+		} else {
+			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
+				$head = $x;
+			} else {
+				push @log_opts, $x;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
+	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
+	           $gs->refname);
+	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
+	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
+	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
+	push @cmd, @log_opts;
+	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
+		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
+		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
+			push @cmd, $c;
+		}
+	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		}
+		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
+		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
+		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
+		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
+		# range, both will be defined.
+		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
+		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
+			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
+		} else {
+			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
+		}
+	}
+	return (@cmd, @files);
+}
+
+# adapted from pager.c
+sub config_pager {
+	chomp(my $pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
+	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
+		$pager = undef;
+	}
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
+}
+
+sub run_pager {
+	return unless -t *STDOUT && defined $pager;
+	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
+	defined(my $pid = fork) or ::fatal "Can't fork: $!";
+	if (!$pid) {
+		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
+		                     ::fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
+		return;
+	}
+	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or ::fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
+	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRSX';
+	exec $pager or ::fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
+}
+
+sub format_svn_date {
+	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	my $gm = timelocal(gmtime($t));
+	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $t <=> $gm ];
+	my $gmoff = sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
+	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
+}
+
+sub parse_git_date {
+	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
+	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
+	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
+		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
+		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	}
+	return $t;
+}
+
+sub set_local_timezone {
+	if (defined $TZ) {
+		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{TZ};
+	}
+}
+
+sub tz_to_s_offset {
+	my ($tz) = @_;
+	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
+	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
+}
+
+sub get_author_info {
+	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
+	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
+	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
+	my $au;
+	if ($::_authors) {
+		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
+	}
+	if (!$au) {
+		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
+	}
+	$dest->{t} = $t;
+	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
+	$dest->{a} = $au;
+	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
+}
+
+sub process_commit {
+	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
+	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
+			show_commit($c);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
+		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
+			# we need to reverse the print order
+			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+			push @$defer, $c;
+			return 1;
+		}
+		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
+			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
+			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
+		}
+	}
+	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+	show_commit($c);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub show_commit {
+	my $c = shift;
+	if ($oneline) {
+		my $x = "\n";
+		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
+			$x = $l->[0];
+		}
+		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
+		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
+		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+		print $x;
+	} else {
+		show_commit_normal($c);
+	}
+}
+
+sub show_commit_changed_paths {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return unless $c->{changed};
+	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
+}
+
+sub show_commit_normal {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
+	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
+	my $nr_line = 0;
+
+	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
+		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
+			pop @$l;
+		}
+		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
+		if (!$nr_line) {
+			print "1 line\n\n\n";
+		} else {
+			if ($nr_line == 1) {
+				$nr_line = '1 line';
+			} else {
+				$nr_line .= ' lines';
+			}
+			print $nr_line, "\n";
+			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @$l;
+		}
+	} else {
+		print "1 line\n";
+		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+		print "\n";
+
+	}
+	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
+		if ($c->{$x}) {
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_show_log {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my ($r_min, $r_max);
+	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
+	set_local_timezone();
+	if (defined $::_revision) {
+		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
+			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
+		} else {
+			::fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
+				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
+		}
+	}
+
+	config_pager();
+	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
+	if (!@args) {
+		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+		return;
+	}
+	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
+	run_pager();
+	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
+	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if (/^${esc_color}commit -?($::sha1_short)/o) {
+			my $cmt = $1;
+			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+				$r_last = $c->{r};
+				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
+								goto out;
+			}
+			$d = undef;
+			$c = { c => $cmt };
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
+			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
+			# ignore
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
+			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
+			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
+			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
+			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
+			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
+			$d = 1;
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($d) {
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
+		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
+			$stat = 1;
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+			$stat = undef;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
+			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
+		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
+			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+		$r_last = $c->{r};
+		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
+	}
+	if (@k) {
+		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
+	}
+out:
+	close $log;
+	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+}
+
+sub cmd_blame {
+	my $path = pop;
+
+	config_pager();
+	run_pager();
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
+
+	if ($_git_format) {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
+				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
+				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
+				# cmt_metadata
+				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
+					(undef, $rev, undef) =
+						::cmt_metadata($1);
+					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
+				} else {
+					$rev = '0';
+				}
+				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
+				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
+			}
+			print $line;
+		}
+	} else {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
+						  '--', $path);
+		my ($sha1);
+		my %authors;
+		my @buffer;
+		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
+
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			push @buffer, $line;
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$dsha{$1} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
+
+		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
+				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
+				$authors{$rev} = $1;
+				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
+				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+}
+
+package Git::SVN::Migration;
+# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
+# of git nor git-svn.  They are just relative.
+#
+# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
+#
+# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
+#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
+#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
+#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
+# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
+#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
+#              for backwards compatibility
+#
+# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
+#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
+#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
+#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
+#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
+#              the example set by core git)
+#
+# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
+#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
+#              with no filler space.
+#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
+#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
+#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
+#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
+#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
+#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+use vars qw/$_minimize/;
+
+sub migrate_from_v0 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
+		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
+		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
+		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
+			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
+			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
+				     "git-svn.\n",
+				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
+				     "We will not be able ",
+				     "to use this branch until this ",
+				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
+		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
+		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v1 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
+	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
+
+	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
+	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
+
+	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
+	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
+	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
+	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
+	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
+		chomp $x;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
+		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
+		next unless $u;
+		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
+		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
+		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
+			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
+			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
+			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
+			# and we can easily regenerate that)
+			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
+				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
+			}
+		} else {
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub read_old_urls {
+	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
+	my @dir;
+	foreach (<$path/*>) {
+		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
+			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
+			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
+			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
+			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
+		} elsif (-d $_) {
+			push @dir, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	foreach (@dir) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
+		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
+	}
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v2 {
+	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
+	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
+	my %l_map;
+	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+	my $migrated = 0;
+
+	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
+		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
+		if ($@) {
+			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub minimize_connections {
+	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
+	my $new_urls = {};
+	my $root_repos = {};
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
+		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
+		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+
+		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
+		if (($ra->{url} eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
+		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
+			$root_repos->{$ra->{url}} = $repo_id;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+		my $root_path = $ra->{url};
+		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
+
+			# make sure we can read when connecting to
+			# a higher level of a repository
+			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
+			if (!defined $last_rev) {
+				$last_rev = eval {
+					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
+				};
+				next if $@;
+			}
+			my $new = $root_path;
+			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
+			eval {
+				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
+			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
+			};
+			next if $@;
+			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
+			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
+				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
+				  old_path => $path };
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @emptied;
+	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
+		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
+		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
+		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
+
+		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
+			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
+			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
+
+			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
+			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
+			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
+			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
+			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
+			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
+				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+				              "$pfx.url");
+				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (@emptied) {
+		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
+		print STDERR <<EOF;
+The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
+and can be safely removed:
+EOF
+		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
+	}
+}
+
+sub migration_check {
+	migrate_from_v0();
+	migrate_from_v1();
+	migrate_from_v2();
+	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
+}
+
+package Git::IndexInfo;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class) = @_;
+	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
+	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
+}
+
+sub remove {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub update {
+	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
+}
+
+package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
+	my $re = $glob;
+	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
+	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
+	my $state = "left";
+	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcard directories " .
+				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: '$glob'\n";
+	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
+		if ($part =~ /\*/ && $part ne "*") {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
+			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		}
+		if ($part eq "*") {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			push(@patterns, "[^/]*");
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			my $p = quotemeta($1);
+			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
+			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
+		} else {
+			if ($state eq "left") {
+				push(@left, $part);
+			} else {
+				push(@right, $part);
+				$state = "right";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my $depth = @patterns;
+	if ($depth == 0) {
+		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
+	}
+	my $left = join('/', @left);
+	my $right = join('/', @right);
+	$re = join('/', @patterns);
+	$re = join('\/',
+		   grep(length, quotemeta($left), "($re)", quotemeta($right)));
+	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
+	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
+	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
+}
+
+sub full_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
+	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
+}
+
+__END__
+
+Data structures:
+
+
+$remotes = { # returned by read_all_remotes()
+	'svn' => {
+		# svn-remote.svn.url=https://svn.musicpd.org
+		url => 'https://svn.musicpd.org',
+		# svn-remote.svn.fetch=mpd/trunk:trunk
+		fetch => {
+			'mpd/trunk' => 'trunk',
+		},
+		# svn-remote.svn.tags=mpd/tags/*:tags/*
+		tags => {
+			path => {
+				left => 'mpd/tags',
+				right => '',
+				regex => qr!mpd/tags/([^/]+)$!,
+				glob => 'tags/*',
+			},
+			ref => {
+				left => 'tags',
+				right => '',
+				regex => qr!tags/([^/]+)$!,
+				glob => 'tags/*',
+			},
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+$log_entry hashref as returned by libsvn_log_entry()
+{
+	log => 'whitespace-formatted log entry
+',						# trailing newline is preserved
+	revision => '8',			# integer
+	date => '2004-02-24T17:01:44.108345Z',	# commit date
+	author => 'committer name'
+};
+
+
+# this is generated by generate_diff();
+@mods = array of diff-index line hashes, each element represents one line
+	of diff-index output
+
+diff-index line ($m hash)
+{
+	mode_a => first column of diff-index output, no leading ':',
+	mode_b => second column of diff-index output,
+	sha1_b => sha1sum of the final blob,
+	chg => change type [MCRADT],
+	file_a => original file name of a file (iff chg is 'C' or 'R')
+	file_b => new/current file name of a file (any chg)
+}
+;
+
+# retval of read_url_paths{,_all}();
+$l_map = {
+	# repository root url
+	'https://svn.musicpd.org' => {
+		# repository path 		# GIT_SVN_ID
+		'mpd/trunk'		=>	'trunk',
+		'mpd/tags/0.11.5'	=>	'tags/0.11.5',
+	},
+}
+
+Notes:
+	I don't trust the each() function on unless I created %hash myself
+	because the internal iterator may not have started at base.
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a578c3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# This program launch a web browser on the html page
+# describing a git command.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Christian Couder
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Theodore Y. Ts'o
+#
+# This file is heavily stolen from git-mergetool.sh, by
+# Theodore Y. Ts'o (thanks) that is:
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Theodore Y. Ts'o
+#
+# This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
+# at the discretion of Junio C Hamano or any other official
+# git maintainer.
+#
+
+USAGE='[--browser=browser|--tool=browser] [--config=conf.var] url/file ...'
+
+# This must be capable of running outside of git directory, so
+# the vanilla git-sh-setup should not be used.
+NONGIT_OK=Yes
+. git-sh-setup
+
+valid_custom_tool()
+{
+	browser_cmd="$(git config "browser.$1.cmd")"
+	test -n "$browser_cmd"
+}
+
+valid_tool() {
+	case "$1" in
+		firefox | iceweasel | konqueror | w3m | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
+			;; # happy
+		*)
+			valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
+			;;
+	esac
+}
+
+init_browser_path() {
+	browser_path=$(git config "browser.$1.path")
+	test -z "$browser_path" && browser_path="$1"
+}
+
+while test $# != 0
+do
+    case "$1" in
+	-b|--browser*|-t|--tool*)
+	    case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+		    browser=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+		    ;;
+		1,*)
+		    usage ;;
+		*)
+		    browser="$2"
+		    shift ;;
+	    esac
+	    ;;
+	-c|--config*)
+	    case "$#,$1" in
+		*,*=*)
+		    conf=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+		    ;;
+		1,*)
+		    usage ;;
+		*)
+		    conf="$2"
+		    shift ;;
+	    esac
+	    ;;
+	--)
+	    break
+	    ;;
+	-*)
+	    usage
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    break
+	    ;;
+    esac
+    shift
+done
+
+test $# = 0 && usage
+
+if test -z "$browser"
+then
+    for opt in "$conf" "web.browser"
+    do
+	test -z "$opt" && continue
+	browser="`git config $opt`"
+	test -z "$browser" || break
+    done
+    if test -n "$browser" && ! valid_tool "$browser"; then
+	echo >&2 "git config option $opt set to unknown browser: $browser"
+	echo >&2 "Resetting to default..."
+	unset browser
+    fi
+fi
+
+if test -z "$browser" ; then
+    if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
+	browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel konqueror w3m links lynx dillo"
+	if test "$KDE_FULL_SESSION" = "true"; then
+	    browser_candidates="konqueror $browser_candidates"
+	fi
+    else
+	browser_candidates="w3m links lynx"
+    fi
+    # SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
+    if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
+	    -o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+	browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
+    fi
+    # /bin/start indicates MinGW
+    if test -x /bin/start; then
+	browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
+    fi
+
+    for i in $browser_candidates; do
+	init_browser_path $i
+	if type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+	    browser=$i
+	    break
+	fi
+    done
+    test -z "$browser" && die "No known browser available."
+else
+    valid_tool "$browser" || die "Unknown browser '$browser'."
+
+    init_browser_path "$browser"
+
+    if test -z "$browser_cmd" && ! type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+	die "The browser $browser is not available as '$browser_path'."
+    fi
+fi
+
+case "$browser" in
+    firefox|iceweasel)
+	# Check version because firefox < 2.0 does not support "-new-tab".
+	vers=$(expr "$($browser_path -version)" : '.* \([0-9][0-9]*\)\..*')
+	NEWTAB='-new-tab'
+	test "$vers" -lt 2 && NEWTAB=''
+	"$browser_path" $NEWTAB "$@" &
+	;;
+    konqueror)
+	case "$(basename "$browser_path")" in
+	    konqueror)
+		# It's simpler to use kfmclient to open a new tab in konqueror.
+		browser_path="$(echo "$browser_path" | sed -e 's/konqueror$/kfmclient/')"
+		type "$browser_path" > /dev/null 2>&1 || die "No '$browser_path' found."
+		eval "$browser_path" newTab "$@"
+		;;
+	    kfmclient)
+		eval "$browser_path" newTab "$@"
+		;;
+	    *)
+		"$browser_path" "$@" &
+		;;
+	esac
+	;;
+    w3m|links|lynx|open)
+	eval "$browser_path" "$@"
+	;;
+    start)
+        exec "$browser_path" '"web-browse"' "$@"
+        ;;
+    dillo)
+	"$browser_path" "$@" &
+	;;
+    *)
+	if test -n "$browser_cmd"; then
+	    ( eval $browser_cmd "$@" )
+	fi
+	;;
+esac
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c3028c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git.c
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+const char git_usage_string[] =
+	"git [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path]\n"
+	"           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]\n"
+	"           [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]\n"
+	"           [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]";
+
+const char git_more_info_string[] =
+	"See 'git help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.";
+
+static int use_pager = -1;
+struct pager_config {
+	const char *cmd;
+	int val;
+};
+
+static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	struct pager_config *c = data;
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd))
+		c->val = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
+int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct pager_config c;
+	c.cmd = cmd;
+	c.val = -1;
+	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
+	return c.val;
+}
+
+static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
+	switch (use_pager) {
+	case 0:
+		setenv("GIT_PAGER", "cat", 1);
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		setup_pager();
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
+{
+	int handled = 0;
+
+	while (*argc > 0) {
+		const char *cmd = (*argv)[0];
+		if (cmd[0] != '-')
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * For legacy reasons, the "version" and "help"
+		 * commands can be written with "--" prepended
+		 * to make them look like flags.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(cmd, "--help") || !strcmp(cmd, "--version"))
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Check remaining flags.
+		 */
+		if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--exec-path")) {
+			cmd += 11;
+			if (*cmd == '=')
+				git_set_argv_exec_path(cmd + 1);
+			else {
+				puts(git_exec_path());
+				exit(0);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--html-path")) {
+			puts(system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH));
+			exit(0);
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-p") || !strcmp(cmd, "--paginate")) {
+			use_pager = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-pager")) {
+			use_pager = 0;
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-replace-objects")) {
+			read_replace_refs = 0;
+			setenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--git-dir")) {
+			if (*argc < 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --git-dir.\n" );
+				usage(git_usage_string);
+			}
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, (*argv)[1], 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+			handled++;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--git-dir=")) {
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 10, 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--work-tree")) {
+			if (*argc < 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --work-tree.\n" );
+				usage(git_usage_string);
+			}
+			setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, (*argv)[1], 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--work-tree=")) {
+			setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 12, 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--bare")) {
+			static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
+			is_bare_repository_cfg = 1;
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
+			usage(git_usage_string);
+		}
+
+		(*argv)++;
+		(*argc)--;
+		handled++;
+	}
+	return handled;
+}
+
+static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
+{
+	int envchanged = 0, ret = 0, saved_errno = errno;
+	const char *subdir;
+	int count, option_count;
+	const char **new_argv;
+	const char *alias_command;
+	char *alias_string;
+	int unused_nongit;
+
+	subdir = setup_git_directory_gently(&unused_nongit);
+
+	alias_command = (*argv)[0];
+	alias_string = alias_lookup(alias_command);
+	if (alias_string) {
+		if (alias_string[0] == '!') {
+			if (*argcp > 1) {
+				struct strbuf buf;
+
+				strbuf_init(&buf, PATH_MAX);
+				strbuf_addstr(&buf, alias_string);
+				sq_quote_argv(&buf, (*argv) + 1, PATH_MAX);
+				free(alias_string);
+				alias_string = buf.buf;
+			}
+			trace_printf("trace: alias to shell cmd: %s => %s\n",
+				     alias_command, alias_string + 1);
+			ret = system(alias_string + 1);
+			if (ret >= 0 && WIFEXITED(ret) &&
+			    WEXITSTATUS(ret) != 127)
+				exit(WEXITSTATUS(ret));
+			die("Failed to run '%s' when expanding alias '%s'",
+			    alias_string + 1, alias_command);
+		}
+		count = split_cmdline(alias_string, &new_argv);
+		if (count < 0)
+			die("Bad alias.%s string", alias_command);
+		option_count = handle_options(&new_argv, &count, &envchanged);
+		if (envchanged)
+			die("alias '%s' changes environment variables\n"
+				 "You can use '!git' in the alias to do this.",
+				 alias_command);
+		memmove(new_argv - option_count, new_argv,
+				count * sizeof(char *));
+		new_argv -= option_count;
+
+		if (count < 1)
+			die("empty alias for %s", alias_command);
+
+		if (!strcmp(alias_command, new_argv[0]))
+			die("recursive alias: %s", alias_command);
+
+		trace_argv_printf(new_argv,
+				  "trace: alias expansion: %s =>",
+				  alias_command);
+
+		new_argv = xrealloc(new_argv, sizeof(char *) *
+				    (count + *argcp));
+		/* insert after command name */
+		memcpy(new_argv + count, *argv + 1, sizeof(char *) * *argcp);
+
+		*argv = new_argv;
+		*argcp += count - 1;
+
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (subdir && chdir(subdir))
+		die_errno("Cannot change to '%s'", subdir);
+
+	errno = saved_errno;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
+
+#define RUN_SETUP	(1<<0)
+#define USE_PAGER	(1<<1)
+/*
+ * require working tree to be present -- anything uses this needs
+ * RUN_SETUP for reading from the configuration file.
+ */
+#define NEED_WORK_TREE	(1<<2)
+
+struct cmd_struct {
+	const char *cmd;
+	int (*fn)(int, const char **, const char *);
+	int option;
+};
+
+static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int status, help;
+	struct stat st;
+	const char *prefix;
+
+	prefix = NULL;
+	help = argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h");
+	if (!help) {
+		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP)
+			prefix = setup_git_directory();
+
+		if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & RUN_SETUP)
+			use_pager = check_pager_config(p->cmd);
+		if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & USE_PAGER)
+			use_pager = 1;
+	}
+	commit_pager_choice();
+
+	if (!help && p->option & NEED_WORK_TREE)
+		setup_work_tree();
+
+	trace_argv_printf(argv, "trace: built-in: git");
+
+	status = p->fn(argc, argv, prefix);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
+	/* Somebody closed stdout? */
+	if (fstat(fileno(stdout), &st))
+		return 0;
+	/* Ignore write errors for pipes and sockets.. */
+	if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) || S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Check for ENOSPC and EIO errors.. */
+	if (fflush(stdout))
+		die_errno("write failure on standard output");
+	if (ferror(stdout))
+		die("unknown write failure on standard output");
+	if (fclose(stdout))
+		die_errno("close failed on standard output");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *cmd = argv[0];
+	static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
+		{ "add", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "stage", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "apply", cmd_apply },
+		{ "archive", cmd_archive },
+		{ "bisect--helper", cmd_bisect__helper, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "blame", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle },
+		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
+			RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE},
+		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
+		{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "cherry", cmd_cherry, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "cherry-pick", cmd_cherry_pick, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "clone", cmd_clone },
+		{ "clean", cmd_clean, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "commit", cmd_commit, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "config", cmd_config },
+		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "diff", cmd_diff },
+		{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "fast-export", cmd_fast_export, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "fetch", cmd_fetch, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "fetch-pack", cmd_fetch_pack, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "for-each-ref", cmd_for_each_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "fsck", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "fsck-objects", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "gc", cmd_gc, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
+		{ "grep", cmd_grep, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "hash-object", cmd_hash_object },
+		{ "help", cmd_help },
+		{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack },
+		{ "init", cmd_init_db },
+		{ "init-db", cmd_init_db },
+		{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote },
+		{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
+		{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
+		{ "merge", cmd_merge, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "merge-base", cmd_merge_base, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file },
+		{ "merge-index", cmd_merge_index, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "merge-ours", cmd_merge_ours, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "merge-recursive", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "merge-recursive-ours", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "merge-recursive-theirs", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "merge-subtree", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "merge-tree", cmd_merge_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "mktag", cmd_mktag, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "mktree", cmd_mktree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "mv", cmd_mv, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "name-rev", cmd_name_rev, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "pack-objects", cmd_pack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "pack-redundant", cmd_pack_redundant, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "patch-id", cmd_patch_id },
+		{ "peek-remote", cmd_ls_remote },
+		{ "pickaxe", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "prune", cmd_prune, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "prune-packed", cmd_prune_packed, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "push", cmd_push, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "receive-pack", cmd_receive_pack },
+		{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "repo-config", cmd_config },
+		{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "reset", cmd_reset, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse },
+		{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, USE_PAGER },
+		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+		{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
+		{ "symbolic-ref", cmd_symbolic_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "tag", cmd_tag, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "tar-tree", cmd_tar_tree },
+		{ "unpack-file", cmd_unpack_file, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "unpack-objects", cmd_unpack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "update-index", cmd_update_index, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "update-server-info", cmd_update_server_info, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "upload-archive", cmd_upload_archive },
+		{ "var", cmd_var },
+		{ "verify-tag", cmd_verify_tag, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "version", cmd_version },
+		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
+		{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+		{ "pack-refs", cmd_pack_refs, RUN_SETUP },
+	};
+	int i;
+	static const char ext[] = STRIP_EXTENSION;
+
+	if (sizeof(ext) > 1) {
+		i = strlen(argv[0]) - strlen(ext);
+		if (i > 0 && !strcmp(argv[0] + i, ext)) {
+			char *argv0 = xstrdup(argv[0]);
+			argv[0] = cmd = argv0;
+			argv0[i] = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Turn "git cmd --help" into "git help cmd" */
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
+		argv[1] = argv[0];
+		argv[0] = cmd = "help";
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
+		struct cmd_struct *p = commands+i;
+		if (strcmp(p->cmd, cmd))
+			continue;
+		exit(run_builtin(p, argc, argv));
+	}
+}
+
+static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *tmp;
+	int status;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&cmd, "git-%s", argv[0]);
+
+	/*
+	 * argv[0] must be the git command, but the argv array
+	 * belongs to the caller, and may be reused in
+	 * subsequent loop iterations. Save argv[0] and
+	 * restore it on error.
+	 */
+	tmp = argv[0];
+	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
+
+	trace_argv_printf(argv, "trace: exec:");
+
+	/*
+	 * if we fail because the command is not found, it is
+	 * OK to return. Otherwise, we just pass along the status code.
+	 */
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
+	if (status >= 0 || errno != ENOENT)
+		exit(status);
+
+	argv[0] = tmp;
+
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+}
+
+static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
+{
+	int done_alias = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+		/* See if it's an internal command */
+		handle_internal_command(*argcp, *argv);
+
+		/* .. then try the external ones */
+		execv_dashed_external(*argv);
+
+		/* It could be an alias -- this works around the insanity
+		 * of overriding "git log" with "git show" by having
+		 * alias.log = show
+		 */
+		if (done_alias || !handle_alias(argcp, argv))
+			break;
+		done_alias = 1;
+	}
+
+	return done_alias;
+}
+
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *cmd;
+
+	cmd = git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	if (!cmd)
+		cmd = "git-help";
+
+	/*
+	 * "git-xxxx" is the same as "git xxxx", but we obviously:
+	 *
+	 *  - cannot take flags in between the "git" and the "xxxx".
+	 *  - cannot execute it externally (since it would just do
+	 *    the same thing over again)
+	 *
+	 * So we just directly call the internal command handler, and
+	 * die if that one cannot handle it.
+	 */
+	if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "git-")) {
+		cmd += 4;
+		argv[0] = cmd;
+		handle_internal_command(argc, argv);
+		die("cannot handle %s internally", cmd);
+	}
+
+	/* Look for flags.. */
+	argv++;
+	argc--;
+	handle_options(&argv, &argc, NULL);
+	commit_pager_choice();
+	if (argc > 0) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(argv[0], "--"))
+			argv[0] += 2;
+	} else {
+		/* The user didn't specify a command; give them help */
+		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
+		list_common_cmds_help();
+		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	cmd = argv[0];
+
+	/*
+	 * We use PATH to find git commands, but we prepend some higher
+	 * precedence paths: the "--exec-path" option, the GIT_EXEC_PATH
+	 * environment, and the $(gitexecdir) from the Makefile at build
+	 * time.
+	 */
+	setup_path();
+
+	while (1) {
+		static int done_help = 0;
+		static int was_alias = 0;
+		was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			break;
+		if (was_alias) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Expansion of alias '%s' failed; "
+				"'%s' is not a git-command\n",
+				cmd, argv[0]);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (!done_help) {
+			cmd = argv[0] = help_unknown_cmd(cmd);
+			done_help = 1;
+		} else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Failed to run command '%s': %s\n",
+		cmd, strerror(errno));
+
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/git.spec.in b/git.spec.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee74a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git.spec.in
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# Pass --without docs to rpmbuild if you don't want the documentation
+
+Name: 		git
+Version: 	@@VERSION@@
+Release: 	1%{?dist}
+Summary:  	Core git tools
+License: 	GPL
+Group: 		Development/Tools
+URL: 		http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
+Source: 	http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
+BuildRequires:	zlib-devel >= 1.2, openssl-devel, curl-devel, expat-devel, gettext  %{!?_without_docs:, xmlto, asciidoc > 6.0.3}
+BuildRoot:	%{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root-%(%{__id_u} -n)
+
+Requires:	perl-Git = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	zlib >= 1.2, rsync, less, openssh-clients, expat
+Provides:	git-core = %{version}-%{release}
+Obsoletes:	git-core <= 1.5.4.2
+Obsoletes:	git-p4
+
+%description
+Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
+unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
+and full access to internals.
+
+The git rpm installs the core tools with minimal dependencies.  To
+install all git packages, including tools for integrating with other
+SCMs, install the git-all meta-package.
+
+%package all
+Summary:	Meta-package to pull in all git tools
+Group:		Development/Tools
+Requires:	git = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	git-svn = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	git-cvs = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	git-arch = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	git-email = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	gitk = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:	git-gui = %{version}-%{release}
+Obsoletes:	git <= 1.5.4.2
+
+%description all
+Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
+unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
+and full access to internals.
+
+This is a dummy package which brings in all subpackages.
+
+%package svn
+Summary:        Git tools for importing Subversion repositories
+Group:          Development/Tools
+Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, subversion
+%description svn
+Git tools for importing Subversion repositories.
+
+%package cvs
+Summary:        Git tools for importing CVS repositories
+Group:          Development/Tools
+Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, cvs, cvsps
+%description cvs
+Git tools for importing CVS repositories.
+
+%package arch
+Summary:        Git tools for importing Arch repositories
+Group:          Development/Tools
+Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, tla
+%description arch
+Git tools for importing Arch repositories.
+
+%package email
+Summary:        Git tools for sending email
+Group:          Development/Tools
+Requires:	git = %{version}-%{release}
+%description email
+Git tools for sending email.
+
+%package gui
+Summary:        Git GUI tool
+Group:          Development/Tools
+Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, tk >= 8.4
+%description gui
+Git GUI tool
+
+%package -n gitk
+Summary:        Git revision tree visualiser ('gitk')
+Group:          Development/Tools
+Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}, tk >= 8.4
+%description -n gitk
+Git revision tree visualiser ('gitk')
+
+%package -n perl-Git
+Summary:        Perl interface to Git
+Group:          Development/Libraries
+Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}
+Requires:       perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_%(eval "`%{__perl} -V:version`"; echo $version))
+BuildRequires:  perl(Error)
+
+%description -n perl-Git
+Perl interface to Git
+
+%define path_settings ETC_GITCONFIG=/etc/gitconfig prefix=%{_prefix} mandir=%{_mandir} htmldir=%{_docdir}/%{name}-%{version}
+%{!?python_sitelib: %global python_sitelib %(%{__python} -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print get_python_lib()")}
+
+%prep
+%setup -q
+
+%build
+make %{_smp_mflags} CFLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" \
+     %{path_settings} \
+     all %{!?_without_docs: doc}
+
+%install
+rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
+make %{_smp_mflags} CFLAGS="$RPM_OPT_FLAGS" DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT \
+     %{path_settings} \
+     INSTALLDIRS=vendor install %{!?_without_docs: install-doc}
+test ! -d $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{python_sitelib} || rm -fr $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{python_sitelib}
+find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT -type f -name .packlist -exec rm -f {} ';'
+find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT -type f -name '*.bs' -empty -exec rm -f {} ';'
+find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT -type f -name perllocal.pod -exec rm -f {} ';'
+
+(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_bindir} -type f | grep -vE "archimport|svn|cvs|email|gitk|git-gui|git-citool" | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@)               > bin-man-doc-files
+(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_libexecdir}/git-core -type f | grep -vE "archimport|svn|cvs|email|gitk|git-gui|git-citool" | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@)               >> bin-man-doc-files
+(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{perl_vendorlib} -type f | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@) >> perl-files
+%if %{!?_without_docs:1}0
+(find $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mandir} $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/Documentation -type f | grep -vE "archimport|svn|git-cvs|email|gitk|git-gui|git-citool" | sed -e s@^$RPM_BUILD_ROOT@@ -e 's/$/*/' ) >> bin-man-doc-files
+%else
+rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mandir}
+%endif
+
+%clean
+rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
+
+%files -f bin-man-doc-files
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%{_datadir}/git-core/
+%doc README COPYING Documentation/*.txt
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*.html Documentation/howto}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/technical}
+
+%files svn
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/*svn*
+%doc Documentation/*svn*.txt
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*svn*.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*svn*.html }
+
+%files cvs
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%doc Documentation/*git-cvs*.txt
+%{_bindir}/git-cvsserver
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/*cvs*
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*cvs*.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*git-cvs*.html }
+
+%files arch
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%doc Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-archimport
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/git-archimport.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/git-archimport.html }
+
+%files email
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%doc Documentation/*email*.txt
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/*email*
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*email*.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*email*.html }
+
+%files gui
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-gui
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-citool
+%{_libexecdir}/git-core/git-gui--askpass
+%{_datadir}/git-gui/
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/git-gui.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/git-gui.html}
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/git-citool.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/git-citool.html}
+
+%files -n gitk
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+%doc Documentation/*gitk*.txt
+%{_bindir}/*gitk*
+%{_datadir}/gitk/
+%{!?_without_docs: %{_mandir}/man1/*gitk*.1*}
+%{!?_without_docs: %doc Documentation/*gitk*.html }
+
+%files -n perl-Git -f perl-files
+%defattr(-,root,root)
+
+%files all
+# No files for you!
+
+%changelog
+* Sun Jan 31 2010 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+- Do not use %define inside %{!?...} construct.
+
+* Sat Jan 30 2010 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+- We don't ship Python bits until a real foreign scm interface comes.
+
+* Mon Feb 04 2009 David J. Mellor <dmellor@whistlingcat.com>
+- fixed broken git help -w after renaming the git-core package to git.
+
+* Fri Sep 12 2008 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
+- move git-cvsserver to bindir.
+
+* Sun Jun 15 2008 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+- Remove curl from Requires list.
+
+* Fri Feb 15 2008 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+- Rename git-core to just git and rename meta package from git to git-all.
+
+* Sun Feb 03 2008 James Bowes <jbowes@dangerouslyinc.com>
+- Add a BuildRequires for gettext
+
+* Fri Jan 11 2008 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+- Include gitk message files
+
+* Sun Jan 06 2008 James Bowes <jbowes@dangerouslyinc.com>
+- Make the metapackage require the same version of the subpackages.
+
+* Wed Dec 12 2007 Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+- Adjust htmldir to point at /usr/share/doc/git-core-$version/
+
+* Sun Jul 15 2007 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+- Removed p4import.
+
+* Tue Jun 26 2007 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
+- Fixed problems looking for wrong manpages.
+
+* Thu Jun 21 2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+- Added documentation files for git-gui
+
+* Tue May 13 2007 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
+- Added lib files for git-gui
+- Added Documentation/technical (As needed by Git Users Manual)
+
+* Tue May 8 2007 Quy Tonthat <qtonthat@gmail.com>
+- Added howto files
+
+* Tue Mar 27 2007 Eygene Ryabinkin <rea-git@codelabs.ru>
+- Added the git-p4 package: Perforce import stuff.
+
+* Mon Feb 13 2007 Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
+- Update core package description (Git isn't as stupid as it used to be)
+
+* Mon Feb 12 2007 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+- Add git-gui and git-citool.
+
+* Mon Nov 14 2005 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> 0.99.9j-1
+- Change subpackage names to git-<name> instead of git-core-<name>
+- Create empty root package which brings in all subpackages
+- Rename git-tk -> gitk
+
+* Thu Nov 10 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org> 0.99.9g-1
+- zlib dependency fix
+- Minor cleanups from split
+- Move arch import to separate package as well
+
+* Tue Sep 27 2005 Jim Radford <radford@blackbean.org>
+- Move programs with non-standard dependencies (svn, cvs, email)
+  into separate packages
+
+* Tue Sep 27 2005 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
+- parallelize build
+- COPTS -> CFLAGS
+
+* Fri Sep 16 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org> 0.99.6-1
+- update to 0.99.6
+
+* Fri Sep 16 2005 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
+- Linus noticed that less is required, added to the dependencies
+
+* Sun Sep 11 2005 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
+- Updated dependencies
+- Don't assume manpages are gzipped
+
+* Thu Aug 18 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org> 0.99.4-4
+- drop sh_utils, sh-utils, diffutils, mktemp, and openssl Requires
+- use RPM_OPT_FLAGS in spec file, drop patch0
+
+* Wed Aug 17 2005 Tom "spot" Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com> 0.99.4-3
+- use dist tag to differentiate between branches
+- use rpm optflags by default (patch0)
+- own %{_datadir}/git-core/
+
+* Mon Aug 15 2005 Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org>
+- update spec file to fix Buildroot, Requires, and drop Vendor
+
+* Sun Aug 07 2005 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
+- Redid the description
+- Cut overlong make line, loosened changelog a bit
+- I think Junio (or perhaps OSDL?) should be vendor...
+
+* Thu Jul 14 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+- Add the man pages, and the --without docs build option
+
+* Wed Jul 7 2005 Chris Wright <chris@osdl.org>
+- initial git spec file
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2247d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/build
+/dist
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c62dfd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#
+# Makefile for the git_remote_helpers python support modules
+#
+pysetupfile:=setup.py
+
+# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+
+ifndef PYTHON_PATH
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/bin/python
+endif
+ifndef prefix
+	prefix = $(HOME)
+endif
+ifndef V
+	QUIET = @
+	QUIETSETUP = --quiet
+endif
+
+PYLIBDIR=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
+	 "import sys; \
+	 print 'lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2]")
+
+all: $(pysetupfile)
+	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build
+
+install: $(pysetupfile)
+	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) install --prefix $(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)
+
+instlibdir: $(pysetupfile)
+	@echo "$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)/$(PYLIBDIR)"
+
+clean:
+	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) clean -a
+	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00f69cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Support library package for git remote helpers.
+
+Git remote helpers are helper commands that interfaces with a non-git
+repository to provide automatic import of non-git history into a Git
+repository.
+
+This package provides the support library needed by these helpers..
+The following modules are included:
+
+- git.git - Interaction with Git repositories
+
+- util - General utility functionality use by the other modules in
+         this package, and also used directly by the helpers.
+"""
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a383e6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Functionality for interacting with Git repositories.
+
+This module provides classes for interfacing with a Git repository.
+"""
+
+import os
+import re
+import time
+from binascii import hexlify
+from cStringIO import StringIO
+import unittest
+
+from git_remote_helpers.util import debug, error, die, start_command, run_command
+
+
+def get_git_dir ():
+    """Return the path to the GIT_DIR for this repo."""
+    args = ("git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
+    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(args)
+    if exit_code:
+        die("Failed to retrieve git dir")
+    assert not errors
+    return output.strip()
+
+
+def parse_git_config ():
+    """Return a dict containing the parsed version of 'git config -l'."""
+    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(("git", "config", "-z", "-l"))
+    if exit_code:
+        die("Failed to retrieve git configuration")
+    assert not errors
+    return dict([e.split('\n', 1) for e in output.split("\0") if e])
+
+
+def git_config_bool (value):
+    """Convert the given git config string value to True or False.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the given string was not recognized as a
+    boolean value.
+
+    """
+    norm_value = str(value).strip().lower()
+    if norm_value in ("true", "1", "yes", "on", ""):
+        return True
+    if norm_value in ("false", "0", "no", "off", "none"):
+        return False
+    raise ValueError("Failed to parse '%s' into a boolean value" % (value))
+
+
+def valid_git_ref (ref_name):
+    """Return True iff the given ref name is a valid git ref name."""
+    # The following is a reimplementation of the git check-ref-format
+    # command.  The rules were derived from the git check-ref-format(1)
+    # manual page.  This code should be replaced by a call to
+    # check_ref_format() in the git library, when such is available.
+    if ref_name.endswith('/') or \
+       ref_name.startswith('.') or \
+       ref_name.count('/.') or \
+       ref_name.count('..') or \
+       ref_name.endswith('.lock'):
+        return False
+    for c in ref_name:
+        if ord(c) < 0x20 or ord(c) == 0x7f or c in " ~^:?*[":
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+class GitObjectFetcher(object):
+
+    """Provide parsed access to 'git cat-file --batch'.
+
+    This provides a read-only interface to the Git object database.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__ (self):
+        """Initiate a 'git cat-file --batch' session."""
+        self.queue = []  # List of object names to be submitted
+        self.in_transit = None  # Object name currently in transit
+
+        # 'git cat-file --batch' produces binary output which is likely
+        # to be corrupted by the default "rU"-mode pipe opened by
+        # start_command.  (Mode == "rU" does universal new-line
+        # conversion, which mangles carriage returns.) Therefore, we
+        # open an explicitly binary-safe pipe for transferring the
+        # output from 'git cat-file --batch'.
+        pipe_r_fd, pipe_w_fd = os.pipe()
+        pipe_r = os.fdopen(pipe_r_fd, "rb")
+        pipe_w = os.fdopen(pipe_w_fd, "wb")
+        self.proc = start_command(("git", "cat-file", "--batch"),
+                                  stdout = pipe_w)
+        self.f = pipe_r
+
+    def __del__ (self):
+        """Verify completed communication with 'git cat-file --batch'."""
+        assert not self.queue
+        assert self.in_transit is None
+        self.proc.stdin.close()
+        assert self.proc.wait() == 0  # Zero exit code
+        assert self.f.read() == ""  # No remaining output
+
+    def _submit_next_object (self):
+        """Submit queue items to the 'git cat-file --batch' process.
+
+        If there are items in the queue, and there is currently no item
+        currently in 'transit', then pop the first item off the queue,
+        and submit it.
+
+        """
+        if self.queue and self.in_transit is None:
+            self.in_transit = self.queue.pop(0)
+            print >> self.proc.stdin, self.in_transit[0]
+
+    def push (self, obj, callback):
+        """Push the given object name onto the queue.
+
+        The given callback function will at some point in the future
+        be called exactly once with the following arguments:
+        - self - this GitObjectFetcher instance
+        - obj  - the object name provided to push()
+        - sha1 - the SHA1 of the object, if 'None' obj is missing
+        - t    - the type of the object (tag/commit/tree/blob)
+        - size - the size of the object in bytes
+        - data - the object contents
+
+        """
+        self.queue.append((obj, callback))
+        self._submit_next_object()  # (Re)start queue processing
+
+    def process_next_entry (self):
+        """Read the next entry off the queue and invoke callback."""
+        obj, cb = self.in_transit
+        self.in_transit = None
+        header = self.f.readline()
+        if header == "%s missing\n" % (obj):
+            cb(self, obj, None, None, None, None)
+            return
+        sha1, t, size = header.split(" ")
+        assert len(sha1) == 40
+        assert t in ("tag", "commit", "tree", "blob")
+        assert size.endswith("\n")
+        size = int(size.strip())
+        data = self.f.read(size)
+        assert self.f.read(1) == "\n"
+        cb(self, obj, sha1, t, size, data)
+        self._submit_next_object()
+
+    def process (self):
+        """Process the current queue until empty."""
+        while self.in_transit is not None:
+            self.process_next_entry()
+
+    # High-level convenience methods:
+
+    def get_sha1 (self, objspec):
+        """Return the SHA1 of the object specified by 'objspec'.
+
+        Return None if 'objspec' does not specify an existing object.
+
+        """
+        class _ObjHandler(object):
+            """Helper class for getting the returned SHA1."""
+            def __init__ (self, parser):
+                self.parser = parser
+                self.sha1 = None
+
+            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
+                # FIXME: Many unused arguments. Could this be cheaper?
+                assert parser == self.parser
+                self.sha1 = sha1
+
+        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
+        self.push(objspec, handler)
+        self.process()
+        return handler.sha1
+
+    def open_obj (self, objspec):
+        """Return a file object wrapping the contents of a named object.
+
+        The caller is responsible for calling .close() on the returned
+        file object.
+
+        Raise KeyError if 'objspec' does not exist in the repo.
+
+        """
+        class _ObjHandler(object):
+            """Helper class for parsing the returned git object."""
+            def __init__ (self, parser):
+                """Set up helper."""
+                self.parser = parser
+                self.contents = StringIO()
+                self.err = None
+
+            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
+                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
+                assert parser == self.parser
+                if not sha1:  # Missing object
+                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % obj
+                else:
+                    assert size == len(data)
+                    self.contents.write(data)
+
+        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
+        self.push(objspec, handler)
+        self.process()
+        if handler.err:
+            raise KeyError(handler.err)
+        handler.contents.seek(0)
+        return handler.contents
+
+    def walk_tree (self, tree_objspec, callback, prefix = ""):
+        """Recursively walk the given Git tree object.
+
+        Recursively walk all subtrees of the given tree object, and
+        invoke the given callback passing three arguments:
+        (path, mode, data) with the path, permission bits, and contents
+        of all the blobs found in the entire tree structure.
+
+        """
+        class _ObjHandler(object):
+            """Helper class for walking a git tree structure."""
+            def __init__ (self, parser, cb, path, mode = None):
+                """Set up helper."""
+                self.parser = parser
+                self.cb = cb
+                self.path = path
+                self.mode = mode
+                self.err = None
+
+            def parse_tree (self, treedata):
+                """Parse tree object data, yield tree entries.
+
+                Each tree entry is a 3-tuple (mode, sha1, path)
+
+                self.path is prepended to all paths yielded
+                from this method.
+
+                """
+                while treedata:
+                    mode = int(treedata[:6], 10)
+                    # Turn 100xxx into xxx
+                    if mode > 100000:
+                        mode -= 100000
+                    assert treedata[6] == " "
+                    i = treedata.find("\0", 7)
+                    assert i > 0
+                    path = treedata[7:i]
+                    sha1 = hexlify(treedata[i + 1: i + 21])
+                    yield (mode, sha1, self.path + path)
+                    treedata = treedata[i + 21:]
+
+            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
+                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
+                assert parser == self.parser
+                if not sha1:  # Missing object
+                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % (obj)
+                    return
+                assert size == len(data)
+                if t == "tree":
+                    if self.path:
+                        self.path += "/"
+                    # Recurse into all blobs and subtrees
+                    for m, s, p in self.parse_tree(data):
+                        parser.push(s,
+                                    self.__class__(self.parser, self.cb, p, m))
+                elif t == "blob":
+                    self.cb(self.path, self.mode, data)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError("Unknown object type '%s'" % (t))
+
+        self.push(tree_objspec, _ObjHandler(self, callback, prefix))
+        self.process()
+
+
+class GitRefMap(object):
+
+    """Map Git ref names to the Git object names they currently point to.
+
+    Behaves like a dictionary of Git ref names -> Git object names.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__ (self, obj_fetcher):
+        """Create a new Git ref -> object map."""
+        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher
+        self._cache = {}  # dict: refname -> objname
+
+    def _load (self, ref):
+        """Retrieve the object currently bound to the given ref.
+
+        The name of the object pointed to by the given ref is stored
+        into this mapping, and also returned.
+
+        """
+        if ref not in self._cache:
+            self._cache[ref] = self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(ref)
+        return self._cache[ref]
+
+    def __contains__ (self, refname):
+        """Return True if the given refname is present in this cache."""
+        return bool(self._load(refname))
+
+    def __getitem__ (self, refname):
+        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
+        commit = self._load(refname)
+        if commit is None:
+            raise KeyError("Unknown ref '%s'" % (refname))
+        return commit
+
+    def get (self, refname, default = None):
+        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
+        commit = self._load(refname)
+        if commit is None:
+            return default
+        return commit
+
+
+class GitFICommit(object):
+
+    """Encapsulate the data in a Git fast-import commit command."""
+
+    SHA1RE = re.compile(r'^[0-9a-f]{40}$')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_mode (cls, mode):
+        """Verify the given git file mode, and return it as a string."""
+        assert mode in (644, 755, 100644, 100755, 120000)
+        return "%i" % (mode)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_objname (cls, objname):
+        """Return the given object name (or mark number) as a string."""
+        if isinstance(objname, int):  # Object name is a mark number
+            assert objname > 0
+            return ":%i" % (objname)
+
+        # No existence check is done, only checks for valid format
+        assert cls.SHA1RE.match(objname)  # Object name is valid SHA1
+        return objname
+
+    @classmethod
+    def quote_path (cls, path):
+        """Return a quoted version of the given path."""
+        path = path.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+        path = path.replace("\n", "\\n")
+        path = path.replace('"', '\\"')
+        return '"%s"' % (path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_path (cls, path):
+        """Verify that the given path is valid, and quote it, if needed."""
+        assert not isinstance(path, int)  # Cannot be a mark number
+
+        # These checks verify the rules on the fast-import man page
+        assert not path.count("//")
+        assert not path.endswith("/")
+        assert not path.startswith("/")
+        assert not path.count("/./")
+        assert not path.count("/../")
+        assert not path.endswith("/.")
+        assert not path.endswith("/..")
+        assert not path.startswith("./")
+        assert not path.startswith("../")
+
+        if path.count('"') + path.count('\n') + path.count('\\'):
+            return cls.quote_path(path)
+        return path
+
+    def __init__ (self, name, email, timestamp, timezone, message):
+        """Create a new Git fast-import commit, with the given metadata."""
+        self.name = name
+        self.email = email
+        self.timestamp = timestamp
+        self.timezone = timezone
+        self.message = message
+        self.pathops = []  # List of path operations in this commit
+
+    def modify (self, mode, blobname, path):
+        """Add a file modification to this Git fast-import commit."""
+        self.pathops.append(("M",
+                             self.parse_mode(mode),
+                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
+                             self.parse_path(path)))
+
+    def delete (self, path):
+        """Add a file deletion to this Git fast-import commit."""
+        self.pathops.append(("D", self.parse_path(path)))
+
+    def copy (self, path, newpath):
+        """Add a file copy to this Git fast-import commit."""
+        self.pathops.append(("C",
+                             self.parse_path(path),
+                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
+
+    def rename (self, path, newpath):
+        """Add a file rename to this Git fast-import commit."""
+        self.pathops.append(("R",
+                             self.parse_path(path),
+                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
+
+    def note (self, blobname, commit):
+        """Add a note object to this Git fast-import commit."""
+        self.pathops.append(("N",
+                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
+                             self.parse_objname(commit)))
+
+    def deleteall (self):
+        """Delete all files in this Git fast-import commit."""
+        self.pathops.append("deleteall")
+
+
+class TestGitFICommit(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    """GitFICommit selftests."""
+
+    def test_basic (self):
+        """GitFICommit basic selftests."""
+
+        def expect_fail (method, data):
+            """Verify that the method(data) raises an AssertionError."""
+            try:
+                method(data)
+            except AssertionError:
+                return
+            raise AssertionError("Failed test for invalid data '%s(%s)'" %
+                                 (method.__name__, repr(data)))
+
+    def test_parse_mode (self):
+        """GitFICommit.parse_mode() selftests."""
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(644), "644")
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(755), "755")
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100644), "100644")
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100755), "100755")
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(120000), "120000")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 123)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 600)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "644")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "abc")
+
+    def test_parse_objname (self):
+        """GitFICommit.parse_objname() selftests."""
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname(1), ":1")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, -1)
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("0123456789" * 4),
+                         "0123456789" * 4)
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("2468abcdef" * 4),
+                         "2468abcdef" * 4)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname,
+                          "abcdefghij" * 4)
+
+    def test_parse_path (self):
+        """GitFICommit.parse_path() selftests."""
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("foo/bar"), "foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("path/with\n and \" in it"),
+                         '"path/with\\n and \\" in it"')
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo//bar")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "/foo/bar")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/./bar")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/../bar")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/.")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/..")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "./foo/bar")
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "../foo/bar")
+
+
+class GitFastImport(object):
+
+    """Encapsulate communication with git fast-import."""
+
+    def __init__ (self, f, obj_fetcher, last_mark = 0):
+        """Set up self to communicate with a fast-import process through f."""
+        self.f = f  # File object where fast-import stream is written
+        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # GitObjectFetcher instance
+        self.next_mark = last_mark + 1  # Next mark number
+        self.refs = set()  # Keep track of the refnames we've seen
+
+    def comment (self, s):
+        """Write the given comment in the fast-import stream."""
+        assert "\n" not in s, "Malformed comment: '%s'" % (s)
+        self.f.write("# %s\n" % (s))
+
+    def commit (self, ref, commitdata):
+        """Make a commit on the given ref, with the given GitFICommit.
+
+        Return the mark number identifying this commit.
+
+        """
+        self.f.write("""\
+commit %(ref)s
+mark :%(mark)i
+committer %(name)s <%(email)s> %(timestamp)i %(timezone)s
+data %(msgLength)i
+%(msg)s
+""" % {
+    'ref': ref,
+    'mark': self.next_mark,
+    'name': commitdata.name,
+    'email': commitdata.email,
+    'timestamp': commitdata.timestamp,
+    'timezone': commitdata.timezone,
+    'msgLength': len(commitdata.message),
+    'msg': commitdata.message,
+})
+
+        if ref not in self.refs:
+            self.refs.add(ref)
+            parent = ref + "^0"
+            if self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(parent):
+                self.f.write("from %s\n" % (parent))
+
+        for op in commitdata.pathops:
+            self.f.write(" ".join(op))
+            self.f.write("\n")
+        self.f.write("\n")
+        retval = self.next_mark
+        self.next_mark += 1
+        return retval
+
+    def blob (self, data):
+        """Import the given blob.
+
+        Return the mark number identifying this blob.
+
+        """
+        self.f.write("blob\nmark :%i\ndata %i\n%s\n" %
+                     (self.next_mark, len(data), data))
+        retval = self.next_mark
+        self.next_mark += 1
+        return retval
+
+    def reset (self, ref, objname):
+        """Reset the given ref to point at the given Git object."""
+        self.f.write("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n" %
+                     (ref, GitFICommit.parse_objname(objname)))
+        if ref not in self.refs:
+            self.refs.add(ref)
+
+
+class GitNotes(object):
+
+    """Encapsulate access to Git notes.
+
+    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
+        """Create a new Git notes interface, bound to the given notes ref."""
+        self.notes_ref = notes_ref
+        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # Used to get objects from repo
+        self.imports = []  # list: (objname, note data blob name) tuples
+
+    def __del__ (self):
+        """Verify that self.commit_notes() was called before destruction."""
+        if self.imports:
+            error("Missing call to self.commit_notes().")
+            error("%i notes are not committed!", len(self.imports))
+
+    def _load (self, objname):
+        """Return the note data associated with the given git object.
+
+        The note data is returned in string form. If no note is found
+        for the given object, None is returned.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            f = self.obj_fetcher.open_obj("%s:%s" % (self.notes_ref, objname))
+            ret = f.read()
+            f.close()
+        except KeyError:
+            ret = None
+        return ret
+
+    def __getitem__ (self, objname):
+        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
+
+        Raise KeyError if given object has no associated note.
+
+        """
+        blobdata = self._load(objname)
+        if blobdata is None:
+            raise KeyError("Object '%s' has no note" % (objname))
+        return blobdata
+
+    def get (self, objname, default = None):
+        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
+
+        Return given default if given object has no associated note.
+
+        """
+        blobdata = self._load(objname)
+        if blobdata is None:
+            return default
+        return blobdata
+
+    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
+        """Tell git fast-import to store data as a note for objname.
+
+        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
+        blob containing the given note data.  Also an entry mapping the
+        given object name to the created blob is stored until
+        commit_notes() is called.
+
+        Note that this method only works if it is later followed by a
+        call to self.commit_notes() (which produces the note commit
+        that refers to the blob produced here).
+
+        """
+        if not data.endswith("\n"):
+            data += "\n"
+        gfi.comment("Importing note for object %s" % (objname))
+        mark = gfi.blob(data)
+        self.imports.append((objname, mark))
+
+    def commit_notes (self, gfi, author, message):
+        """Produce a git fast-import note commit for the imported notes.
+
+        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
+        commit on the notes ref, introducing the notes previously
+        submitted to import_note().
+
+        """
+        if not self.imports:
+            return
+        commitdata = GitFICommit(author[0], author[1],
+                                 time.time(), "0000", message)
+        for objname, blobname in self.imports:
+            assert isinstance(objname, int) and objname > 0
+            assert isinstance(blobname, int) and blobname > 0
+            commitdata.note(blobname, objname)
+        gfi.commit(self.notes_ref, commitdata)
+        self.imports = []
+
+
+class GitCachedNotes(GitNotes):
+
+    """Encapsulate access to Git notes (cached version).
+
+    Only use this class if no caching is done at a higher level.
+
+    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
+        """Set up a caching wrapper around GitNotes."""
+        GitNotes.__init__(self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher)
+        self._cache = {}  # Cache: object name -> note data
+
+    def __del__ (self):
+        """Verify that GitNotes' destructor is called."""
+        GitNotes.__del__(self)
+
+    def _load (self, objname):
+        """Extend GitNotes._load() with a local objname -> note cache."""
+        if objname not in self._cache:
+            self._cache[objname] = GitNotes._load(self, objname)
+        return self._cache[objname]
+
+    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
+        """Extend GitNotes.import_note() with a local objname -> note cache."""
+        if not data.endswith("\n"):
+            data += "\n"
+        assert objname not in self._cache
+        self._cache[objname] = data
+        GitNotes.import_note(self, objname, data, gfi)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d434b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Distutils build/install script for the git_remote_helpers package."""
+
+from distutils.core import setup
+
+setup(
+    name = 'git_remote_helpers',
+    version = '0.1.0',
+    description = 'Git remote helper program for non-git repositories',
+    license = 'GPLv2',
+    author = 'The Git Community',
+    author_email = 'git@vger.kernel.org',
+    url = 'http://www.git-scm.com/',
+    package_dir = {'git_remote_helpers': ''},
+    packages = ['git_remote_helpers', 'git_remote_helpers.git'],
+)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/util.py b/git_remote_helpers/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dce83e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git_remote_helpers/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Misc. useful functionality used by the rest of this package.
+
+This module provides common functionality used by the other modules in
+this package.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import subprocess
+
+
+# Whether or not to show debug messages
+DEBUG = False
+
+def notify(msg, *args):
+    """Print a message to stderr."""
+    print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
+
+def debug (msg, *args):
+    """Print a debug message to stderr when DEBUG is enabled."""
+    if DEBUG:
+        print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
+
+def error (msg, *args):
+    """Print an error message to stderr."""
+    print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR:", msg % args
+
+def warn(msg, *args):
+    """Print a warning message to stderr."""
+    print >> sys.stderr, "warning:", msg % args
+
+def die (msg, *args):
+    """Print as error message to stderr and exit the program."""
+    error(msg, *args)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class ProgressIndicator(object):
+
+    """Simple progress indicator.
+
+    Displayed as a spinning character by default, but can be customized
+    by passing custom messages that overrides the spinning character.
+
+    """
+
+    States = ("|", "/", "-", "\\")
+
+    def __init__ (self, prefix = "", f = sys.stdout):
+        """Create a new ProgressIndicator, bound to the given file object."""
+        self.n = 0  # Simple progress counter
+        self.f = f  # Progress is written to this file object
+        self.prev_len = 0  # Length of previous msg (to be overwritten)
+        self.prefix = prefix  # Prefix prepended to each progress message
+        self.prefix_lens = [] # Stack of prefix string lengths
+
+    def pushprefix (self, prefix):
+        """Append the given prefix onto the prefix stack."""
+        self.prefix_lens.append(len(self.prefix))
+        self.prefix += prefix
+
+    def popprefix (self):
+        """Remove the last prefix from the prefix stack."""
+        prev_len = self.prefix_lens.pop()
+        self.prefix = self.prefix[:prev_len]
+
+    def __call__ (self, msg = None, lf = False):
+        """Indicate progress, possibly with a custom message."""
+        if msg is None:
+            msg = self.States[self.n % len(self.States)]
+        msg = self.prefix + msg
+        print >> self.f, "\r%-*s" % (self.prev_len, msg),
+        self.prev_len = len(msg.expandtabs())
+        if lf:
+            print >> self.f
+            self.prev_len = 0
+        self.n += 1
+
+    def finish (self, msg = "done", noprefix = False):
+        """Finalize progress indication with the given message."""
+        if noprefix:
+            self.prefix = ""
+        self(msg, True)
+
+
+def start_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
+                   stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
+                   stderr = subprocess.PIPE):
+    """Start the given command, and return a subprocess object.
+
+    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
+
+    """
+    env = None
+    if add_env is not None:
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env.update(add_env)
+    return subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize = 1, stdin = stdin, stdout = stdout,
+                            stderr = stderr, cwd = cwd, shell = shell,
+                            env = env, universal_newlines = True)
+
+
+def run_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
+                 flag_error = True):
+    """Run the given command to completion, and return its results.
+
+    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
+
+    The results are formatted as a 3-tuple: (exit_code, output, errors)
+
+    If flag_error is enabled, Error messages will be produced if the
+    subprocess terminated with a non-zero exit code and/or stderr
+    output.
+
+    The other arguments are passed on to start_command().
+
+    """
+    process = start_command(args, cwd, shell, add_env)
+    (output, errors) = process.communicate()
+    exit_code = process.returncode
+    if flag_error and errors:
+        error("'%s' returned errors:\n---\n%s---", " ".join(args), errors)
+    if flag_error and exit_code:
+        error("'%s' returned exit code %i", " ".join(args), exit_code)
+    return (exit_code, output, errors)
+
+
+def file_reader_method (missing_ok = False):
+    """Decorator for simplifying reading of files.
+
+    If missing_ok is True, a failure to open a file for reading will
+    not raise the usual IOError, but instead the wrapped method will be
+    called with f == None.  The method must in this case properly
+    handle f == None.
+
+    """
+    def _wrap (method):
+        """Teach given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
+
+        The given method must take a file object as its second argument
+        (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator
+        will take a filename given as the second argument and promote
+        it to a file object.
+
+        """
+        def _wrapped_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
+            if isinstance(filename, file):
+                f = filename
+            else:
+                try:
+                    f = open(filename, 'r')
+                except IOError:
+                    if missing_ok:
+                        f = None
+                    else:
+                        raise
+            try:
+                return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
+            finally:
+                if not isinstance(filename, file) and f:
+                    f.close()
+        return _wrapped_method
+    return _wrap
+
+
+def file_writer_method (method):
+    """Decorator for simplifying writing of files.
+
+    Enables the given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
+
+    The given method must take a file object as its second argument
+    (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator will
+    take a filename given as the second argument and promote it to a
+    file object.
+
+    """
+    def _new_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(filename, file):
+            f = filename
+        else:
+            # Make sure the containing directory exists
+            parent_dir = os.path.dirname(filename)
+            if not os.path.isdir(parent_dir):
+                os.makedirs(parent_dir)
+            f = open(filename, 'w')
+        try:
+            return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
+        finally:
+            if not isinstance(filename, file):
+                f.close()
+    return _new_method
diff --git a/gitk-git/Makefile b/gitk-git/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1b6045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
+all::
+
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+sharedir ?= $(prefix)/share
+gitk_libdir   ?= $(sharedir)/gitk/lib
+msgsdir    ?= $(gitk_libdir)/msgs
+msgsdir_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(msgsdir))
+
+TCL_PATH ?= tclsh
+TCLTK_PATH ?= wish
+INSTALL ?= install
+RM ?= rm -f
+
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
+TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
+
+## po-file creation rules
+XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
+ifdef NO_MSGFMT
+	MSGFMT ?= $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+else
+	MSGFMT ?= msgfmt
+	ifneq ($(shell $(MSGFMT) --tcl -l C -d . /dev/null 2>/dev/null; echo $$?),0)
+		MSGFMT := $(TCL_PATH) po/po2msg.sh
+	endif
+endif
+
+PO_TEMPLATE = po/gitk.pot
+ALL_POFILES = $(wildcard po/*.po)
+ALL_MSGFILES = $(subst .po,.msg,$(ALL_POFILES))
+
+ifndef V
+	QUIET          = @
+	QUIET_GEN      = $(QUIET)echo '   ' GEN $@ &&
+endif
+
+all:: gitk-wish $(ALL_MSGFILES)
+
+install:: all
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 gitk-wish '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)'
+	$(foreach p,$(ALL_MSGFILES), $(INSTALL) -m 644 $p '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)' &&) true
+
+uninstall::
+	$(foreach p,$(ALL_MSGFILES), $(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(msgsdir_SQ)'/$(notdir $p) &&) true
+	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
+
+clean::
+	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg
+
+gitk-wish: gitk
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1,3s|^exec .* "$$0"|exec $(subst |,'\|',$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)) "$$0"|' <gitk >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv -f $@+ $@
+
+$(PO_TEMPLATE): gitk
+	$(XGETTEXT) -kmc -LTcl -o $@ gitk
+update-po:: $(PO_TEMPLATE)
+	$(foreach p, $(ALL_POFILES), echo Updating $p ; msgmerge -U $p $(PO_TEMPLATE) ; )
+$(ALL_MSGFILES): %.msg : %.po
+	@echo Generating catalog $@
+	$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl $< -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@)
+
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f36a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -0,0 +1,11615 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Tcl ignores the next line -*- tcl -*- \
+exec wish "$0" -- "$@"
+
+# Copyright © 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras.  All rights reserved.
+# This program is free software; it may be used, copied, modified
+# and distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence,
+# either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+package require Tk
+
+proc gitdir {} {
+    global env
+    if {[info exists env(GIT_DIR)]} {
+	return $env(GIT_DIR)
+    } else {
+	return [exec git rev-parse --git-dir]
+    }
+}
+
+# A simple scheduler for compute-intensive stuff.
+# The aim is to make sure that event handlers for GUI actions can
+# run at least every 50-100 ms.  Unfortunately fileevent handlers are
+# run before X event handlers, so reading from a fast source can
+# make the GUI completely unresponsive.
+proc run args {
+    global isonrunq runq currunq
+
+    set script $args
+    if {[info exists isonrunq($script)]} return
+    if {$runq eq {} && ![info exists currunq]} {
+	after idle dorunq
+    }
+    lappend runq [list {} $script]
+    set isonrunq($script) 1
+}
+
+proc filerun {fd script} {
+    fileevent $fd readable [list filereadable $fd $script]
+}
+
+proc filereadable {fd script} {
+    global runq currunq
+
+    fileevent $fd readable {}
+    if {$runq eq {} && ![info exists currunq]} {
+	after idle dorunq
+    }
+    lappend runq [list $fd $script]
+}
+
+proc nukefile {fd} {
+    global runq
+
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $runq]} {} {
+	if {[lindex $runq $i 0] eq $fd} {
+	    set runq [lreplace $runq $i $i]
+	} else {
+	    incr i
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc dorunq {} {
+    global isonrunq runq currunq
+
+    set tstart [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set t0 $tstart
+    while {[llength $runq] > 0} {
+	set fd [lindex $runq 0 0]
+	set script [lindex $runq 0 1]
+	set currunq [lindex $runq 0]
+	set runq [lrange $runq 1 end]
+	set repeat [eval $script]
+	unset currunq
+	set t1 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+	set t [expr {$t1 - $t0}]
+	if {$repeat ne {} && $repeat} {
+	    if {$fd eq {} || $repeat == 2} {
+		# script returns 1 if it wants to be readded
+		# file readers return 2 if they could do more straight away
+		lappend runq [list $fd $script]
+	    } else {
+		fileevent $fd readable [list filereadable $fd $script]
+	    }
+	} elseif {$fd eq {}} {
+	    unset isonrunq($script)
+	}
+	set t0 $t1
+	if {$t1 - $tstart >= 80} break
+    }
+    if {$runq ne {}} {
+	after idle dorunq
+    }
+}
+
+proc reg_instance {fd} {
+    global commfd leftover loginstance
+
+    set i [incr loginstance]
+    set commfd($i) $fd
+    set leftover($i) {}
+    return $i
+}
+
+proc unmerged_files {files} {
+    global nr_unmerged
+
+    # find the list of unmerged files
+    set mlist {}
+    set nr_unmerged 0
+    if {[catch {
+	set fd [open "| git ls-files -u" r]
+    } err]} {
+	show_error {} . "[mc "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"] $err"
+	exit 1
+    }
+    while {[gets $fd line] >= 0} {
+	set i [string first "\t" $line]
+	if {$i < 0} continue
+	set fname [string range $line [expr {$i+1}] end]
+	if {[lsearch -exact $mlist $fname] >= 0} continue
+	incr nr_unmerged
+	if {$files eq {} || [path_filter $files $fname]} {
+	    lappend mlist $fname
+	}
+    }
+    catch {close $fd}
+    return $mlist
+}
+
+proc parseviewargs {n arglist} {
+    global vdatemode vmergeonly vflags vdflags vrevs vfiltered vorigargs env
+
+    set vdatemode($n) 0
+    set vmergeonly($n) 0
+    set glflags {}
+    set diffargs {}
+    set nextisval 0
+    set revargs {}
+    set origargs $arglist
+    set allknown 1
+    set filtered 0
+    set i -1
+    foreach arg $arglist {
+	incr i
+	if {$nextisval} {
+	    lappend glflags $arg
+	    set nextisval 0
+	    continue
+	}
+	switch -glob -- $arg {
+	    "-d" -
+	    "--date-order" {
+		set vdatemode($n) 1
+		# remove from origargs in case we hit an unknown option
+		set origargs [lreplace $origargs $i $i]
+		incr i -1
+	    }
+	    "-[puabwcrRBMC]" -
+	    "--no-renames" - "--full-index" - "--binary" - "--abbrev=*" -
+	    "--find-copies-harder" - "-l*" - "--ext-diff" - "--no-ext-diff" -
+	    "--src-prefix=*" - "--dst-prefix=*" - "--no-prefix" -
+	    "-O*" - "--text" - "--full-diff" - "--ignore-space-at-eol" -
+	    "--ignore-space-change" - "-U*" - "--unified=*" {
+		# These request or affect diff output, which we don't want.
+		# Some could be used to set our defaults for diff display.
+		lappend diffargs $arg
+	    }
+	    "--raw" - "--patch-with-raw" - "--patch-with-stat" -
+	    "--name-only" - "--name-status" - "--color" - "--color-words" -
+	    "--log-size" - "--pretty=*" - "--decorate" - "--abbrev-commit" -
+	    "--cc" - "-z" - "--header" - "--parents" - "--boundary" -
+	    "--no-color" - "-g" - "--walk-reflogs" - "--no-walk" -
+	    "--timestamp" - "relative-date" - "--date=*" - "--stdin" -
+	    "--objects" - "--objects-edge" - "--reverse" {
+		# These cause our parsing of git log's output to fail, or else
+		# they're options we want to set ourselves, so ignore them.
+	    }
+	    "--stat=*" - "--numstat" - "--shortstat" - "--summary" -
+	    "--check" - "--exit-code" - "--quiet" - "--topo-order" -
+	    "--full-history" - "--dense" - "--sparse" -
+	    "--follow" - "--left-right" - "--encoding=*" {
+		# These are harmless, and some are even useful
+		lappend glflags $arg
+	    }
+	    "--diff-filter=*" - "--no-merges" - "--unpacked" -
+	    "--max-count=*" - "--skip=*" - "--since=*" - "--after=*" -
+	    "--until=*" - "--before=*" - "--max-age=*" - "--min-age=*" -
+	    "--author=*" - "--committer=*" - "--grep=*" - "-[iE]" -
+	    "--remove-empty" - "--first-parent" - "--cherry-pick" -
+	    "-S*" - "--pickaxe-all" - "--pickaxe-regex" -
+	    "--simplify-by-decoration" {
+		# These mean that we get a subset of the commits
+		set filtered 1
+		lappend glflags $arg
+	    }
+	    "-n" {
+		# This appears to be the only one that has a value as a
+		# separate word following it
+		set filtered 1
+		set nextisval 1
+		lappend glflags $arg
+	    }
+	    "--not" - "--all" {
+		lappend revargs $arg
+	    }
+	    "--merge" {
+		set vmergeonly($n) 1
+		# git rev-parse doesn't understand --merge
+		lappend revargs --gitk-symmetric-diff-marker MERGE_HEAD...HEAD
+	    }
+	    "--no-replace-objects" {
+		set env(GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS) "1"
+	    }
+	    "-*" {
+		# Other flag arguments including -<n>
+		if {[string is digit -strict [string range $arg 1 end]]} {
+		    set filtered 1
+		} else {
+		    # a flag argument that we don't recognize;
+		    # that means we can't optimize
+		    set allknown 0
+		}
+		lappend glflags $arg
+	    }
+	    default {
+		# Non-flag arguments specify commits or ranges of commits
+		if {[string match "*...*" $arg]} {
+		    lappend revargs --gitk-symmetric-diff-marker
+		}
+		lappend revargs $arg
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set vdflags($n) $diffargs
+    set vflags($n) $glflags
+    set vrevs($n) $revargs
+    set vfiltered($n) $filtered
+    set vorigargs($n) $origargs
+    return $allknown
+}
+
+proc parseviewrevs {view revs} {
+    global vposids vnegids
+
+    if {$revs eq {}} {
+	set revs HEAD
+    }
+    if {[catch {set ids [eval exec git rev-parse $revs]} err]} {
+	# we get stdout followed by stderr in $err
+	# for an unknown rev, git rev-parse echoes it and then errors out
+	set errlines [split $err "\n"]
+	set badrev {}
+	for {set l 0} {$l < [llength $errlines]} {incr l} {
+	    set line [lindex $errlines $l]
+	    if {!([string length $line] == 40 && [string is xdigit $line])} {
+		if {[string match "fatal:*" $line]} {
+		    if {[string match "fatal: ambiguous argument*" $line]
+			&& $badrev ne {}} {
+			if {[llength $badrev] == 1} {
+			    set err "unknown revision $badrev"
+			} else {
+			    set err "unknown revisions: [join $badrev ", "]"
+			}
+		    } else {
+			set err [join [lrange $errlines $l end] "\n"]
+		    }
+		    break
+		}
+		lappend badrev $line
+	    }
+	}
+	error_popup "[mc "Error parsing revisions:"] $err"
+	return {}
+    }
+    set ret {}
+    set pos {}
+    set neg {}
+    set sdm 0
+    foreach id [split $ids "\n"] {
+	if {$id eq "--gitk-symmetric-diff-marker"} {
+	    set sdm 4
+	} elseif {[string match "^*" $id]} {
+	    if {$sdm != 1} {
+		lappend ret $id
+		if {$sdm == 3} {
+		    set sdm 0
+		}
+	    }
+	    lappend neg [string range $id 1 end]
+	} else {
+	    if {$sdm != 2} {
+		lappend ret $id
+	    } else {
+		lset ret end $id...[lindex $ret end]
+	    }
+	    lappend pos $id
+	}
+	incr sdm -1
+    }
+    set vposids($view) $pos
+    set vnegids($view) $neg
+    return $ret
+}
+
+# Start off a git log process and arrange to read its output
+proc start_rev_list {view} {
+    global startmsecs commitidx viewcomplete curview
+    global tclencoding
+    global viewargs viewargscmd viewfiles vfilelimit
+    global showlocalchanges
+    global viewactive viewinstances vmergeonly
+    global mainheadid viewmainheadid viewmainheadid_orig
+    global vcanopt vflags vrevs vorigargs
+
+    set startmsecs [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set commitidx($view) 0
+    # these are set this way for the error exits
+    set viewcomplete($view) 1
+    set viewactive($view) 0
+    varcinit $view
+
+    set args $viewargs($view)
+    if {$viewargscmd($view) ne {}} {
+	if {[catch {
+	    set str [exec sh -c $viewargscmd($view)]
+	} err]} {
+	    error_popup "[mc "Error executing --argscmd command:"] $err"
+	    return 0
+	}
+	set args [concat $args [split $str "\n"]]
+    }
+    set vcanopt($view) [parseviewargs $view $args]
+
+    set files $viewfiles($view)
+    if {$vmergeonly($view)} {
+	set files [unmerged_files $files]
+	if {$files eq {}} {
+	    global nr_unmerged
+	    if {$nr_unmerged == 0} {
+		error_popup [mc "No files selected: --merge specified but\
+			     no files are unmerged."]
+	    } else {
+		error_popup [mc "No files selected: --merge specified but\
+			     no unmerged files are within file limit."]
+	    }
+	    return 0
+	}
+    }
+    set vfilelimit($view) $files
+
+    if {$vcanopt($view)} {
+	set revs [parseviewrevs $view $vrevs($view)]
+	if {$revs eq {}} {
+	    return 0
+	}
+	set args [concat $vflags($view) $revs]
+    } else {
+	set args $vorigargs($view)
+    }
+
+    if {[catch {
+	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw --parents \
+			 --boundary $args "--" $files] r]
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error executing git log:"] $err"
+	return 0
+    }
+    set i [reg_instance $fd]
+    set viewinstances($view) [list $i]
+    set viewmainheadid($view) $mainheadid
+    set viewmainheadid_orig($view) $mainheadid
+    if {$files ne {} && $mainheadid ne {}} {
+	get_viewmainhead $view
+    }
+    if {$showlocalchanges && $viewmainheadid($view) ne {}} {
+	interestedin $viewmainheadid($view) dodiffindex
+    }
+    fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation lf -eofchar {}
+    if {$tclencoding != {}} {
+	fconfigure $fd -encoding $tclencoding
+    }
+    filerun $fd [list getcommitlines $fd $i $view 0]
+    nowbusy $view [mc "Reading"]
+    set viewcomplete($view) 0
+    set viewactive($view) 1
+    return 1
+}
+
+proc stop_instance {inst} {
+    global commfd leftover
+
+    set fd $commfd($inst)
+    catch {
+	set pid [pid $fd]
+
+	if {$::tcl_platform(platform) eq {windows}} {
+	    exec kill -f $pid
+	} else {
+	    exec kill $pid
+	}
+    }
+    catch {close $fd}
+    nukefile $fd
+    unset commfd($inst)
+    unset leftover($inst)
+}
+
+proc stop_backends {} {
+    global commfd
+
+    foreach inst [array names commfd] {
+	stop_instance $inst
+    }
+}
+
+proc stop_rev_list {view} {
+    global viewinstances
+
+    foreach inst $viewinstances($view) {
+	stop_instance $inst
+    }
+    set viewinstances($view) {}
+}
+
+proc reset_pending_select {selid} {
+    global pending_select mainheadid selectheadid
+
+    if {$selid ne {}} {
+	set pending_select $selid
+    } elseif {$selectheadid ne {}} {
+	set pending_select $selectheadid
+    } else {
+	set pending_select $mainheadid
+    }
+}
+
+proc getcommits {selid} {
+    global canv curview need_redisplay viewactive
+
+    initlayout
+    if {[start_rev_list $curview]} {
+	reset_pending_select $selid
+	show_status [mc "Reading commits..."]
+	set need_redisplay 1
+    } else {
+	show_status [mc "No commits selected"]
+    }
+}
+
+proc updatecommits {} {
+    global curview vcanopt vorigargs vfilelimit viewinstances
+    global viewactive viewcomplete tclencoding
+    global startmsecs showneartags showlocalchanges
+    global mainheadid viewmainheadid viewmainheadid_orig pending_select
+    global isworktree
+    global varcid vposids vnegids vflags vrevs
+
+    set isworktree [expr {[exec git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree] == "true"}]
+    rereadrefs
+    set view $curview
+    if {$mainheadid ne $viewmainheadid_orig($view)} {
+	if {$showlocalchanges} {
+	    dohidelocalchanges
+	}
+	set viewmainheadid($view) $mainheadid
+	set viewmainheadid_orig($view) $mainheadid
+	if {$vfilelimit($view) ne {}} {
+	    get_viewmainhead $view
+	}
+    }
+    if {$showlocalchanges} {
+	doshowlocalchanges
+    }
+    if {$vcanopt($view)} {
+	set oldpos $vposids($view)
+	set oldneg $vnegids($view)
+	set revs [parseviewrevs $view $vrevs($view)]
+	if {$revs eq {}} {
+	    return
+	}
+	# note: getting the delta when negative refs change is hard,
+	# and could require multiple git log invocations, so in that
+	# case we ask git log for all the commits (not just the delta)
+	if {$oldneg eq $vnegids($view)} {
+	    set newrevs {}
+	    set npos 0
+	    # take out positive refs that we asked for before or
+	    # that we have already seen
+	    foreach rev $revs {
+		if {[string length $rev] == 40} {
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $oldpos $rev] < 0
+			&& ![info exists varcid($view,$rev)]} {
+			lappend newrevs $rev
+			incr npos
+		    }
+		} else {
+		    lappend $newrevs $rev
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {$npos == 0} return
+	    set revs $newrevs
+	    set vposids($view) [lsort -unique [concat $oldpos $vposids($view)]]
+	}
+	set args [concat $vflags($view) $revs --not $oldpos]
+    } else {
+	set args $vorigargs($view)
+    }
+    if {[catch {
+	set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color -z --pretty=raw --parents \
+			  --boundary $args "--" $vfilelimit($view)] r]
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error executing git log:"] $err"
+	return
+    }
+    if {$viewactive($view) == 0} {
+	set startmsecs [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    }
+    set i [reg_instance $fd]
+    lappend viewinstances($view) $i
+    fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation lf -eofchar {}
+    if {$tclencoding != {}} {
+	fconfigure $fd -encoding $tclencoding
+    }
+    filerun $fd [list getcommitlines $fd $i $view 1]
+    incr viewactive($view)
+    set viewcomplete($view) 0
+    reset_pending_select {}
+    nowbusy $view [mc "Reading"]
+    if {$showneartags} {
+	getallcommits
+    }
+}
+
+proc reloadcommits {} {
+    global curview viewcomplete selectedline currentid thickerline
+    global showneartags treediffs commitinterest cached_commitrow
+    global targetid
+
+    set selid {}
+    if {$selectedline ne {}} {
+	set selid $currentid
+    }
+
+    if {!$viewcomplete($curview)} {
+	stop_rev_list $curview
+    }
+    resetvarcs $curview
+    set selectedline {}
+    catch {unset currentid}
+    catch {unset thickerline}
+    catch {unset treediffs}
+    readrefs
+    changedrefs
+    if {$showneartags} {
+	getallcommits
+    }
+    clear_display
+    catch {unset commitinterest}
+    catch {unset cached_commitrow}
+    catch {unset targetid}
+    setcanvscroll
+    getcommits $selid
+    return 0
+}
+
+# This makes a string representation of a positive integer which
+# sorts as a string in numerical order
+proc strrep {n} {
+    if {$n < 16} {
+	return [format "%x" $n]
+    } elseif {$n < 256} {
+	return [format "x%.2x" $n]
+    } elseif {$n < 65536} {
+	return [format "y%.4x" $n]
+    }
+    return [format "z%.8x" $n]
+}
+
+# Procedures used in reordering commits from git log (without
+# --topo-order) into the order for display.
+
+proc varcinit {view} {
+    global varcstart vupptr vdownptr vleftptr vbackptr varctok varcrow
+    global vtokmod varcmod vrowmod varcix vlastins
+
+    set varcstart($view) {{}}
+    set vupptr($view) {0}
+    set vdownptr($view) {0}
+    set vleftptr($view) {0}
+    set vbackptr($view) {0}
+    set varctok($view) {{}}
+    set varcrow($view) {{}}
+    set vtokmod($view) {}
+    set varcmod($view) 0
+    set vrowmod($view) 0
+    set varcix($view) {{}}
+    set vlastins($view) {0}
+}
+
+proc resetvarcs {view} {
+    global varcid varccommits parents children vseedcount ordertok
+
+    foreach vid [array names varcid $view,*] {
+	unset varcid($vid)
+	unset children($vid)
+	unset parents($vid)
+    }
+    # some commits might have children but haven't been seen yet
+    foreach vid [array names children $view,*] {
+	unset children($vid)
+    }
+    foreach va [array names varccommits $view,*] {
+	unset varccommits($va)
+    }
+    foreach vd [array names vseedcount $view,*] {
+	unset vseedcount($vd)
+    }
+    catch {unset ordertok}
+}
+
+# returns a list of the commits with no children
+proc seeds {v} {
+    global vdownptr vleftptr varcstart
+
+    set ret {}
+    set a [lindex $vdownptr($v) 0]
+    while {$a != 0} {
+	lappend ret [lindex $varcstart($v) $a]
+	set a [lindex $vleftptr($v) $a]
+    }
+    return $ret
+}
+
+proc newvarc {view id} {
+    global varcid varctok parents children vdatemode
+    global vupptr vdownptr vleftptr vbackptr varcrow varcix varcstart
+    global commitdata commitinfo vseedcount varccommits vlastins
+
+    set a [llength $varctok($view)]
+    set vid $view,$id
+    if {[llength $children($vid)] == 0 || $vdatemode($view)} {
+	if {![info exists commitinfo($id)]} {
+	    parsecommit $id $commitdata($id) 1
+	}
+	set cdate [lindex $commitinfo($id) 4]
+	if {![string is integer -strict $cdate]} {
+	    set cdate 0
+	}
+	if {![info exists vseedcount($view,$cdate)]} {
+	    set vseedcount($view,$cdate) -1
+	}
+	set c [incr vseedcount($view,$cdate)]
+	set cdate [expr {$cdate ^ 0xffffffff}]
+	set tok "s[strrep $cdate][strrep $c]"
+    } else {
+	set tok {}
+    }
+    set ka 0
+    if {[llength $children($vid)] > 0} {
+	set kid [lindex $children($vid) end]
+	set k $varcid($view,$kid)
+	if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($view) $k] $tok] > 0} {
+	    set ki $kid
+	    set ka $k
+	    set tok [lindex $varctok($view) $k]
+	}
+    }
+    if {$ka != 0} {
+	set i [lsearch -exact $parents($view,$ki) $id]
+	set j [expr {[llength $parents($view,$ki)] - 1 - $i}]
+	append tok [strrep $j]
+    }
+    set c [lindex $vlastins($view) $ka]
+    if {$c == 0 || [string compare $tok [lindex $varctok($view) $c]] < 0} {
+	set c $ka
+	set b [lindex $vdownptr($view) $ka]
+    } else {
+	set b [lindex $vleftptr($view) $c]
+    }
+    while {$b != 0 && [string compare $tok [lindex $varctok($view) $b]] >= 0} {
+	set c $b
+	set b [lindex $vleftptr($view) $c]
+    }
+    if {$c == $ka} {
+	lset vdownptr($view) $ka $a
+	lappend vbackptr($view) 0
+    } else {
+	lset vleftptr($view) $c $a
+	lappend vbackptr($view) $c
+    }
+    lset vlastins($view) $ka $a
+    lappend vupptr($view) $ka
+    lappend vleftptr($view) $b
+    if {$b != 0} {
+	lset vbackptr($view) $b $a
+    }
+    lappend varctok($view) $tok
+    lappend varcstart($view) $id
+    lappend vdownptr($view) 0
+    lappend varcrow($view) {}
+    lappend varcix($view) {}
+    set varccommits($view,$a) {}
+    lappend vlastins($view) 0
+    return $a
+}
+
+proc splitvarc {p v} {
+    global varcid varcstart varccommits varctok vtokmod
+    global vupptr vdownptr vleftptr vbackptr varcix varcrow vlastins
+
+    set oa $varcid($v,$p)
+    set otok [lindex $varctok($v) $oa]
+    set ac $varccommits($v,$oa)
+    set i [lsearch -exact $varccommits($v,$oa) $p]
+    if {$i <= 0} return
+    set na [llength $varctok($v)]
+    # "%" sorts before "0"...
+    set tok "$otok%[strrep $i]"
+    lappend varctok($v) $tok
+    lappend varcrow($v) {}
+    lappend varcix($v) {}
+    set varccommits($v,$oa) [lrange $ac 0 [expr {$i - 1}]]
+    set varccommits($v,$na) [lrange $ac $i end]
+    lappend varcstart($v) $p
+    foreach id $varccommits($v,$na) {
+	set varcid($v,$id) $na
+    }
+    lappend vdownptr($v) [lindex $vdownptr($v) $oa]
+    lappend vlastins($v) [lindex $vlastins($v) $oa]
+    lset vdownptr($v) $oa $na
+    lset vlastins($v) $oa 0
+    lappend vupptr($v) $oa
+    lappend vleftptr($v) 0
+    lappend vbackptr($v) 0
+    for {set b [lindex $vdownptr($v) $na]} {$b != 0} {set b [lindex $vleftptr($v) $b]} {
+	lset vupptr($v) $b $na
+    }
+    if {[string compare $otok $vtokmod($v)] <= 0} {
+	modify_arc $v $oa
+    }
+}
+
+proc renumbervarc {a v} {
+    global parents children varctok varcstart varccommits
+    global vupptr vdownptr vleftptr vbackptr vlastins varcid vtokmod vdatemode
+
+    set t1 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set todo {}
+    set isrelated($a) 1
+    set kidchanged($a) 1
+    set ntot 0
+    while {$a != 0} {
+	if {[info exists isrelated($a)]} {
+	    lappend todo $a
+	    set id [lindex $varccommits($v,$a) end]
+	    foreach p $parents($v,$id) {
+		if {[info exists varcid($v,$p)]} {
+		    set isrelated($varcid($v,$p)) 1
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	incr ntot
+	set b [lindex $vdownptr($v) $a]
+	if {$b == 0} {
+	    while {$a != 0} {
+		set b [lindex $vleftptr($v) $a]
+		if {$b != 0} break
+		set a [lindex $vupptr($v) $a]
+	    }
+	}
+	set a $b
+    }
+    foreach a $todo {
+	if {![info exists kidchanged($a)]} continue
+	set id [lindex $varcstart($v) $a]
+	if {[llength $children($v,$id)] > 1} {
+	    set children($v,$id) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $v] \
+				      $children($v,$id)]
+	}
+	set oldtok [lindex $varctok($v) $a]
+	if {!$vdatemode($v)} {
+	    set tok {}
+	} else {
+	    set tok $oldtok
+	}
+	set ka 0
+	set kid [last_real_child $v,$id]
+	if {$kid ne {}} {
+	    set k $varcid($v,$kid)
+	    if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $k] $tok] > 0} {
+		set ki $kid
+		set ka $k
+		set tok [lindex $varctok($v) $k]
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$ka != 0} {
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $parents($v,$ki) $id]
+	    set j [expr {[llength $parents($v,$ki)] - 1 - $i}]
+	    append tok [strrep $j]
+	}
+	if {$tok eq $oldtok} {
+	    continue
+	}
+	set id [lindex $varccommits($v,$a) end]
+	foreach p $parents($v,$id) {
+	    if {[info exists varcid($v,$p)]} {
+		set kidchanged($varcid($v,$p)) 1
+	    } else {
+		set sortkids($p) 1
+	    }
+	}
+	lset varctok($v) $a $tok
+	set b [lindex $vupptr($v) $a]
+	if {$b != $ka} {
+	    if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $ka] $vtokmod($v)] < 0} {
+		modify_arc $v $ka
+	    }
+	    if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $b] $vtokmod($v)] < 0} {
+		modify_arc $v $b
+	    }
+	    set c [lindex $vbackptr($v) $a]
+	    set d [lindex $vleftptr($v) $a]
+	    if {$c == 0} {
+		lset vdownptr($v) $b $d
+	    } else {
+		lset vleftptr($v) $c $d
+	    }
+	    if {$d != 0} {
+		lset vbackptr($v) $d $c
+	    }
+	    if {[lindex $vlastins($v) $b] == $a} {
+		lset vlastins($v) $b $c
+	    }
+	    lset vupptr($v) $a $ka
+	    set c [lindex $vlastins($v) $ka]
+	    if {$c == 0 || \
+		    [string compare $tok [lindex $varctok($v) $c]] < 0} {
+		set c $ka
+		set b [lindex $vdownptr($v) $ka]
+	    } else {
+		set b [lindex $vleftptr($v) $c]
+	    }
+	    while {$b != 0 && \
+		      [string compare $tok [lindex $varctok($v) $b]] >= 0} {
+		set c $b
+		set b [lindex $vleftptr($v) $c]
+	    }
+	    if {$c == $ka} {
+ 		lset vdownptr($v) $ka $a
+		lset vbackptr($v) $a 0
+	    } else {
+		lset vleftptr($v) $c $a
+		lset vbackptr($v) $a $c
+	    }
+	    lset vleftptr($v) $a $b
+	    if {$b != 0} {
+		lset vbackptr($v) $b $a
+	    }
+	    lset vlastins($v) $ka $a
+	}
+    }
+    foreach id [array names sortkids] {
+	if {[llength $children($v,$id)] > 1} {
+	    set children($v,$id) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $v] \
+				      $children($v,$id)]
+	}
+    }
+    set t2 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    #puts "renumbervarc did [llength $todo] of $ntot arcs in [expr {$t2-$t1}]ms"
+}
+
+# Fix up the graph after we have found out that in view $v,
+# $p (a commit that we have already seen) is actually the parent
+# of the last commit in arc $a.
+proc fix_reversal {p a v} {
+    global varcid varcstart varctok vupptr
+
+    set pa $varcid($v,$p)
+    if {$p ne [lindex $varcstart($v) $pa]} {
+	splitvarc $p $v
+	set pa $varcid($v,$p)
+    }
+    # seeds always need to be renumbered
+    if {[lindex $vupptr($v) $pa] == 0 ||
+	[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $a] \
+	     [lindex $varctok($v) $pa]] > 0} {
+	renumbervarc $pa $v
+    }
+}
+
+proc insertrow {id p v} {
+    global cmitlisted children parents varcid varctok vtokmod
+    global varccommits ordertok commitidx numcommits curview
+    global targetid targetrow
+
+    readcommit $id
+    set vid $v,$id
+    set cmitlisted($vid) 1
+    set children($vid) {}
+    set parents($vid) [list $p]
+    set a [newvarc $v $id]
+    set varcid($vid) $a
+    if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $a] $vtokmod($v)] < 0} {
+	modify_arc $v $a
+    }
+    lappend varccommits($v,$a) $id
+    set vp $v,$p
+    if {[llength [lappend children($vp) $id]] > 1} {
+	set children($vp) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $v] $children($vp)]
+	catch {unset ordertok}
+    }
+    fix_reversal $p $a $v
+    incr commitidx($v)
+    if {$v == $curview} {
+	set numcommits $commitidx($v)
+	setcanvscroll
+	if {[info exists targetid]} {
+	    if {![comes_before $targetid $p]} {
+		incr targetrow
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc insertfakerow {id p} {
+    global varcid varccommits parents children cmitlisted
+    global commitidx varctok vtokmod targetid targetrow curview numcommits
+
+    set v $curview
+    set a $varcid($v,$p)
+    set i [lsearch -exact $varccommits($v,$a) $p]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	puts "oops: insertfakerow can't find [shortids $p] on arc $a"
+	return
+    }
+    set children($v,$id) {}
+    set parents($v,$id) [list $p]
+    set varcid($v,$id) $a
+    lappend children($v,$p) $id
+    set cmitlisted($v,$id) 1
+    set numcommits [incr commitidx($v)]
+    # note we deliberately don't update varcstart($v) even if $i == 0
+    set varccommits($v,$a) [linsert $varccommits($v,$a) $i $id]
+    modify_arc $v $a $i
+    if {[info exists targetid]} {
+	if {![comes_before $targetid $p]} {
+	    incr targetrow
+	}
+    }
+    setcanvscroll
+    drawvisible
+}
+
+proc removefakerow {id} {
+    global varcid varccommits parents children commitidx
+    global varctok vtokmod cmitlisted currentid selectedline
+    global targetid curview numcommits
+
+    set v $curview
+    if {[llength $parents($v,$id)] != 1} {
+	puts "oops: removefakerow [shortids $id] has [llength $parents($v,$id)] parents"
+	return
+    }
+    set p [lindex $parents($v,$id) 0]
+    set a $varcid($v,$id)
+    set i [lsearch -exact $varccommits($v,$a) $id]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	puts "oops: removefakerow can't find [shortids $id] on arc $a"
+	return
+    }
+    unset varcid($v,$id)
+    set varccommits($v,$a) [lreplace $varccommits($v,$a) $i $i]
+    unset parents($v,$id)
+    unset children($v,$id)
+    unset cmitlisted($v,$id)
+    set numcommits [incr commitidx($v) -1]
+    set j [lsearch -exact $children($v,$p) $id]
+    if {$j >= 0} {
+	set children($v,$p) [lreplace $children($v,$p) $j $j]
+    }
+    modify_arc $v $a $i
+    if {[info exist currentid] && $id eq $currentid} {
+	unset currentid
+	set selectedline {}
+    }
+    if {[info exists targetid] && $targetid eq $id} {
+	set targetid $p
+    }
+    setcanvscroll
+    drawvisible
+}
+
+proc real_children {vp} {
+    global children nullid nullid2
+
+    set kids {}
+    foreach id $children($vp) {
+	if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
+	    lappend kids $id
+	}
+    }
+    return $kids
+}
+
+proc first_real_child {vp} {
+    global children nullid nullid2
+
+    foreach id $children($vp) {
+	if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
+	    return $id
+	}
+    }
+    return {}
+}
+
+proc last_real_child {vp} {
+    global children nullid nullid2
+
+    set kids $children($vp)
+    for {set i [llength $kids]} {[incr i -1] >= 0} {} {
+	set id [lindex $kids $i]
+	if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
+	    return $id
+	}
+    }
+    return {}
+}
+
+proc vtokcmp {v a b} {
+    global varctok varcid
+
+    return [string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $varcid($v,$a)] \
+		[lindex $varctok($v) $varcid($v,$b)]]
+}
+
+# This assumes that if lim is not given, the caller has checked that
+# arc a's token is less than $vtokmod($v)
+proc modify_arc {v a {lim {}}} {
+    global varctok vtokmod varcmod varcrow vupptr curview vrowmod varccommits
+
+    if {$lim ne {}} {
+	set c [string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $a] $vtokmod($v)]
+	if {$c > 0} return
+	if {$c == 0} {
+	    set r [lindex $varcrow($v) $a]
+	    if {$r ne {} && $vrowmod($v) <= $r + $lim} return
+	}
+    }
+    set vtokmod($v) [lindex $varctok($v) $a]
+    set varcmod($v) $a
+    if {$v == $curview} {
+	while {$a != 0 && [lindex $varcrow($v) $a] eq {}} {
+	    set a [lindex $vupptr($v) $a]
+	    set lim {}
+	}
+	set r 0
+	if {$a != 0} {
+	    if {$lim eq {}} {
+		set lim [llength $varccommits($v,$a)]
+	    }
+	    set r [expr {[lindex $varcrow($v) $a] + $lim}]
+	}
+	set vrowmod($v) $r
+	undolayout $r
+    }
+}
+
+proc update_arcrows {v} {
+    global vtokmod varcmod vrowmod varcrow commitidx currentid selectedline
+    global varcid vrownum varcorder varcix varccommits
+    global vupptr vdownptr vleftptr varctok
+    global displayorder parentlist curview cached_commitrow
+
+    if {$vrowmod($v) == $commitidx($v)} return
+    if {$v == $curview} {
+	if {[llength $displayorder] > $vrowmod($v)} {
+	    set displayorder [lrange $displayorder 0 [expr {$vrowmod($v) - 1}]]
+	    set parentlist [lrange $parentlist 0 [expr {$vrowmod($v) - 1}]]
+	}
+	catch {unset cached_commitrow}
+    }
+    set narctot [expr {[llength $varctok($v)] - 1}]
+    set a $varcmod($v)
+    while {$a != 0 && [lindex $varcix($v) $a] eq {}} {
+	# go up the tree until we find something that has a row number,
+	# or we get to a seed
+	set a [lindex $vupptr($v) $a]
+    }
+    if {$a == 0} {
+	set a [lindex $vdownptr($v) 0]
+	if {$a == 0} return
+	set vrownum($v) {0}
+	set varcorder($v) [list $a]
+	lset varcix($v) $a 0
+	lset varcrow($v) $a 0
+	set arcn 0
+	set row 0
+    } else {
+	set arcn [lindex $varcix($v) $a]
+	if {[llength $vrownum($v)] > $arcn + 1} {
+	    set vrownum($v) [lrange $vrownum($v) 0 $arcn]
+	    set varcorder($v) [lrange $varcorder($v) 0 $arcn]
+	}
+	set row [lindex $varcrow($v) $a]
+    }
+    while {1} {
+	set p $a
+	incr row [llength $varccommits($v,$a)]
+	# go down if possible
+	set b [lindex $vdownptr($v) $a]
+	if {$b == 0} {
+	    # if not, go left, or go up until we can go left
+	    while {$a != 0} {
+		set b [lindex $vleftptr($v) $a]
+		if {$b != 0} break
+		set a [lindex $vupptr($v) $a]
+	    }
+	    if {$a == 0} break
+	}
+	set a $b
+	incr arcn
+	lappend vrownum($v) $row
+	lappend varcorder($v) $a
+	lset varcix($v) $a $arcn
+	lset varcrow($v) $a $row
+    }
+    set vtokmod($v) [lindex $varctok($v) $p]
+    set varcmod($v) $p
+    set vrowmod($v) $row
+    if {[info exists currentid]} {
+	set selectedline [rowofcommit $currentid]
+    }
+}
+
+# Test whether view $v contains commit $id
+proc commitinview {id v} {
+    global varcid
+
+    return [info exists varcid($v,$id)]
+}
+
+# Return the row number for commit $id in the current view
+proc rowofcommit {id} {
+    global varcid varccommits varcrow curview cached_commitrow
+    global varctok vtokmod
+
+    set v $curview
+    if {![info exists varcid($v,$id)]} {
+	puts "oops rowofcommit no arc for [shortids $id]"
+	return {}
+    }
+    set a $varcid($v,$id)
+    if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $a] $vtokmod($v)] >= 0} {
+	update_arcrows $v
+    }
+    if {[info exists cached_commitrow($id)]} {
+	return $cached_commitrow($id)
+    }
+    set i [lsearch -exact $varccommits($v,$a) $id]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	puts "oops didn't find commit [shortids $id] in arc $a"
+	return {}
+    }
+    incr i [lindex $varcrow($v) $a]
+    set cached_commitrow($id) $i
+    return $i
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if a is on an earlier row than b, otherwise 0
+proc comes_before {a b} {
+    global varcid varctok curview
+
+    set v $curview
+    if {$a eq $b || ![info exists varcid($v,$a)] || \
+	    ![info exists varcid($v,$b)]} {
+	return 0
+    }
+    if {$varcid($v,$a) != $varcid($v,$b)} {
+	return [expr {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $varcid($v,$a)] \
+			   [lindex $varctok($v) $varcid($v,$b)]] < 0}]
+    }
+    return [expr {[rowofcommit $a] < [rowofcommit $b]}]
+}
+
+proc bsearch {l elt} {
+    if {[llength $l] == 0 || $elt <= [lindex $l 0]} {
+	return 0
+    }
+    set lo 0
+    set hi [llength $l]
+    while {$hi - $lo > 1} {
+	set mid [expr {int(($lo + $hi) / 2)}]
+	set t [lindex $l $mid]
+	if {$elt < $t} {
+	    set hi $mid
+	} elseif {$elt > $t} {
+	    set lo $mid
+	} else {
+	    return $mid
+	}
+    }
+    return $lo
+}
+
+# Make sure rows $start..$end-1 are valid in displayorder and parentlist
+proc make_disporder {start end} {
+    global vrownum curview commitidx displayorder parentlist
+    global varccommits varcorder parents vrowmod varcrow
+    global d_valid_start d_valid_end
+
+    if {$end > $vrowmod($curview)} {
+	update_arcrows $curview
+    }
+    set ai [bsearch $vrownum($curview) $start]
+    set start [lindex $vrownum($curview) $ai]
+    set narc [llength $vrownum($curview)]
+    for {set r $start} {$ai < $narc && $r < $end} {incr ai} {
+	set a [lindex $varcorder($curview) $ai]
+	set l [llength $displayorder]
+	set al [llength $varccommits($curview,$a)]
+	if {$l < $r + $al} {
+	    if {$l < $r} {
+		set pad [ntimes [expr {$r - $l}] {}]
+		set displayorder [concat $displayorder $pad]
+		set parentlist [concat $parentlist $pad]
+	    } elseif {$l > $r} {
+		set displayorder [lrange $displayorder 0 [expr {$r - 1}]]
+		set parentlist [lrange $parentlist 0 [expr {$r - 1}]]
+	    }
+	    foreach id $varccommits($curview,$a) {
+		lappend displayorder $id
+		lappend parentlist $parents($curview,$id)
+	    }
+	} elseif {[lindex $displayorder [expr {$r + $al - 1}]] eq {}} {
+	    set i $r
+	    foreach id $varccommits($curview,$a) {
+		lset displayorder $i $id
+		lset parentlist $i $parents($curview,$id)
+		incr i
+	    }
+	}
+	incr r $al
+    }
+}
+
+proc commitonrow {row} {
+    global displayorder
+
+    set id [lindex $displayorder $row]
+    if {$id eq {}} {
+	make_disporder $row [expr {$row + 1}]
+	set id [lindex $displayorder $row]
+    }
+    return $id
+}
+
+proc closevarcs {v} {
+    global varctok varccommits varcid parents children
+    global cmitlisted commitidx vtokmod
+
+    set missing_parents 0
+    set scripts {}
+    set narcs [llength $varctok($v)]
+    for {set a 1} {$a < $narcs} {incr a} {
+	set id [lindex $varccommits($v,$a) end]
+	foreach p $parents($v,$id) {
+	    if {[info exists varcid($v,$p)]} continue
+	    # add p as a new commit
+	    incr missing_parents
+	    set cmitlisted($v,$p) 0
+	    set parents($v,$p) {}
+	    if {[llength $children($v,$p)] == 1 &&
+		[llength $parents($v,$id)] == 1} {
+		set b $a
+	    } else {
+		set b [newvarc $v $p]
+	    }
+	    set varcid($v,$p) $b
+	    if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $b] $vtokmod($v)] < 0} {
+		modify_arc $v $b
+	    }
+	    lappend varccommits($v,$b) $p
+	    incr commitidx($v)
+	    set scripts [check_interest $p $scripts]
+	}
+    }
+    if {$missing_parents > 0} {
+	foreach s $scripts {
+	    eval $s
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+# Use $rwid as a substitute for $id, i.e. reparent $id's children to $rwid
+# Assumes we already have an arc for $rwid.
+proc rewrite_commit {v id rwid} {
+    global children parents varcid varctok vtokmod varccommits
+
+    foreach ch $children($v,$id) {
+	# make $rwid be $ch's parent in place of $id
+	set i [lsearch -exact $parents($v,$ch) $id]
+	if {$i < 0} {
+	    puts "oops rewrite_commit didn't find $id in parent list for $ch"
+	}
+	set parents($v,$ch) [lreplace $parents($v,$ch) $i $i $rwid]
+	# add $ch to $rwid's children and sort the list if necessary
+	if {[llength [lappend children($v,$rwid) $ch]] > 1} {
+	    set children($v,$rwid) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $v] \
+					$children($v,$rwid)]
+	}
+	# fix the graph after joining $id to $rwid
+	set a $varcid($v,$ch)
+	fix_reversal $rwid $a $v
+	# parentlist is wrong for the last element of arc $a
+	# even if displayorder is right, hence the 3rd arg here
+	modify_arc $v $a [expr {[llength $varccommits($v,$a)] - 1}]
+    }
+}
+
+# Mechanism for registering a command to be executed when we come
+# across a particular commit.  To handle the case when only the
+# prefix of the commit is known, the commitinterest array is now
+# indexed by the first 4 characters of the ID.  Each element is a
+# list of id, cmd pairs.
+proc interestedin {id cmd} {
+    global commitinterest
+
+    lappend commitinterest([string range $id 0 3]) $id $cmd
+}
+
+proc check_interest {id scripts} {
+    global commitinterest
+
+    set prefix [string range $id 0 3]
+    if {[info exists commitinterest($prefix)]} {
+	set newlist {}
+	foreach {i script} $commitinterest($prefix) {
+	    if {[string match "$i*" $id]} {
+		lappend scripts [string map [list "%I" $id "%P" $i] $script]
+	    } else {
+		lappend newlist $i $script
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$newlist ne {}} {
+	    set commitinterest($prefix) $newlist
+	} else {
+	    unset commitinterest($prefix)
+	}
+    }
+    return $scripts
+}
+
+proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
+    global cmitlisted leftover
+    global commitidx commitdata vdatemode
+    global parents children curview hlview
+    global idpending ordertok
+    global varccommits varcid varctok vtokmod vfilelimit
+
+    set stuff [read $fd 500000]
+    # git log doesn't terminate the last commit with a null...
+    if {$stuff == {} && $leftover($inst) ne {} && [eof $fd]} {
+	set stuff "\0"
+    }
+    if {$stuff == {}} {
+	if {![eof $fd]} {
+	    return 1
+	}
+	global commfd viewcomplete viewactive viewname
+	global viewinstances
+	unset commfd($inst)
+	set i [lsearch -exact $viewinstances($view) $inst]
+	if {$i >= 0} {
+	    set viewinstances($view) [lreplace $viewinstances($view) $i $i]
+	}
+	# set it blocking so we wait for the process to terminate
+	fconfigure $fd -blocking 1
+	if {[catch {close $fd} err]} {
+	    set fv {}
+	    if {$view != $curview} {
+		set fv " for the \"$viewname($view)\" view"
+	    }
+	    if {[string range $err 0 4] == "usage"} {
+		set err "Gitk: error reading commits$fv:\
+			bad arguments to git log."
+		if {$viewname($view) eq "Command line"} {
+		    append err \
+			"  (Note: arguments to gitk are passed to git log\
+			 to allow selection of commits to be displayed.)"
+		}
+	    } else {
+		set err "Error reading commits$fv: $err"
+	    }
+	    error_popup $err
+	}
+	if {[incr viewactive($view) -1] <= 0} {
+	    set viewcomplete($view) 1
+	    # Check if we have seen any ids listed as parents that haven't
+	    # appeared in the list
+	    closevarcs $view
+	    notbusy $view
+	}
+	if {$view == $curview} {
+	    run chewcommits
+	}
+	return 0
+    }
+    set start 0
+    set gotsome 0
+    set scripts {}
+    while 1 {
+	set i [string first "\0" $stuff $start]
+	if {$i < 0} {
+	    append leftover($inst) [string range $stuff $start end]
+	    break
+	}
+	if {$start == 0} {
+	    set cmit $leftover($inst)
+	    append cmit [string range $stuff 0 [expr {$i - 1}]]
+	    set leftover($inst) {}
+	} else {
+	    set cmit [string range $stuff $start [expr {$i - 1}]]
+	}
+	set start [expr {$i + 1}]
+	set j [string first "\n" $cmit]
+	set ok 0
+	set listed 1
+	if {$j >= 0 && [string match "commit *" $cmit]} {
+	    set ids [string range $cmit 7 [expr {$j - 1}]]
+	    if {[string match {[-^<>]*} $ids]} {
+		switch -- [string index $ids 0] {
+		    "-" {set listed 0}
+		    "^" {set listed 2}
+		    "<" {set listed 3}
+		    ">" {set listed 4}
+		}
+		set ids [string range $ids 1 end]
+	    }
+	    set ok 1
+	    foreach id $ids {
+		if {[string length $id] != 40} {
+		    set ok 0
+		    break
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {!$ok} {
+	    set shortcmit $cmit
+	    if {[string length $shortcmit] > 80} {
+		set shortcmit "[string range $shortcmit 0 80]..."
+	    }
+	    error_popup "[mc "Can't parse git log output:"] {$shortcmit}"
+	    exit 1
+	}
+	set id [lindex $ids 0]
+	set vid $view,$id
+
+	if {!$listed && $updating && ![info exists varcid($vid)] &&
+	    $vfilelimit($view) ne {}} {
+	    # git log doesn't rewrite parents for unlisted commits
+	    # when doing path limiting, so work around that here
+	    # by working out the rewritten parent with git rev-list
+	    # and if we already know about it, using the rewritten
+	    # parent as a substitute parent for $id's children.
+	    if {![catch {
+		set rwid [exec git rev-list --first-parent --max-count=1 \
+			      $id -- $vfilelimit($view)]
+	    }]} {
+		if {$rwid ne {} && [info exists varcid($view,$rwid)]} {
+		    # use $rwid in place of $id
+		    rewrite_commit $view $id $rwid
+		    continue
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	set a 0
+	if {[info exists varcid($vid)]} {
+	    if {$cmitlisted($vid) || !$listed} continue
+	    set a $varcid($vid)
+	}
+	if {$listed} {
+	    set olds [lrange $ids 1 end]
+	} else {
+	    set olds {}
+	}
+	set commitdata($id) [string range $cmit [expr {$j + 1}] end]
+	set cmitlisted($vid) $listed
+	set parents($vid) $olds
+	if {![info exists children($vid)]} {
+	    set children($vid) {}
+	} elseif {$a == 0 && [llength $children($vid)] == 1} {
+	    set k [lindex $children($vid) 0]
+	    if {[llength $parents($view,$k)] == 1 &&
+		(!$vdatemode($view) ||
+		 $varcid($view,$k) == [llength $varctok($view)] - 1)} {
+		set a $varcid($view,$k)
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$a == 0} {
+	    # new arc
+	    set a [newvarc $view $id]
+	}
+	if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($view) $a] $vtokmod($view)] < 0} {
+	    modify_arc $view $a
+	}
+	if {![info exists varcid($vid)]} {
+	    set varcid($vid) $a
+	    lappend varccommits($view,$a) $id
+	    incr commitidx($view)
+	}
+
+	set i 0
+	foreach p $olds {
+	    if {$i == 0 || [lsearch -exact $olds $p] >= $i} {
+		set vp $view,$p
+		if {[llength [lappend children($vp) $id]] > 1 &&
+		    [vtokcmp $view [lindex $children($vp) end-1] $id] > 0} {
+		    set children($vp) [lsort -command [list vtokcmp $view] \
+					   $children($vp)]
+		    catch {unset ordertok}
+		}
+		if {[info exists varcid($view,$p)]} {
+		    fix_reversal $p $a $view
+		}
+	    }
+	    incr i
+	}
+
+	set scripts [check_interest $id $scripts]
+	set gotsome 1
+    }
+    if {$gotsome} {
+	global numcommits hlview
+
+	if {$view == $curview} {
+	    set numcommits $commitidx($view)
+	    run chewcommits
+	}
+	if {[info exists hlview] && $view == $hlview} {
+	    # we never actually get here...
+	    run vhighlightmore
+	}
+	foreach s $scripts {
+	    eval $s
+	}
+    }
+    return 2
+}
+
+proc chewcommits {} {
+    global curview hlview viewcomplete
+    global pending_select
+
+    layoutmore
+    if {$viewcomplete($curview)} {
+	global commitidx varctok
+	global numcommits startmsecs
+
+	if {[info exists pending_select]} {
+	    update
+	    reset_pending_select {}
+
+	    if {[commitinview $pending_select $curview]} {
+		selectline [rowofcommit $pending_select] 1
+	    } else {
+		set row [first_real_row]
+		selectline $row 1
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$commitidx($curview) > 0} {
+	    #set ms [expr {[clock clicks -milliseconds] - $startmsecs}]
+	    #puts "overall $ms ms for $numcommits commits"
+	    #puts "[llength $varctok($view)] arcs, $commitidx($view) commits"
+	} else {
+	    show_status [mc "No commits selected"]
+	}
+	notbusy layout
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc do_readcommit {id} {
+    global tclencoding
+
+    # Invoke git-log to handle automatic encoding conversion
+    set fd [open [concat | git log --no-color --pretty=raw -1 $id] r]
+    # Read the results using i18n.logoutputencoding
+    fconfigure $fd -translation lf -eofchar {}
+    if {$tclencoding != {}} {
+	fconfigure $fd -encoding $tclencoding
+    }
+    set contents [read $fd]
+    close $fd
+    # Remove the heading line
+    regsub {^commit [0-9a-f]+\n} $contents {} contents
+
+    return $contents
+}
+
+proc readcommit {id} {
+    if {[catch {set contents [do_readcommit $id]}]} return
+    parsecommit $id $contents 1
+}
+
+proc parsecommit {id contents listed} {
+    global commitinfo cdate
+
+    set inhdr 1
+    set comment {}
+    set headline {}
+    set auname {}
+    set audate {}
+    set comname {}
+    set comdate {}
+    set hdrend [string first "\n\n" $contents]
+    if {$hdrend < 0} {
+	# should never happen...
+	set hdrend [string length $contents]
+    }
+    set header [string range $contents 0 [expr {$hdrend - 1}]]
+    set comment [string range $contents [expr {$hdrend + 2}] end]
+    foreach line [split $header "\n"] {
+	set line [split $line " "]
+	set tag [lindex $line 0]
+	if {$tag == "author"} {
+	    set audate [lindex $line end-1]
+	    set auname [join [lrange $line 1 end-2] " "]
+	} elseif {$tag == "committer"} {
+	    set comdate [lindex $line end-1]
+	    set comname [join [lrange $line 1 end-2] " "]
+	}
+    }
+    set headline {}
+    # take the first non-blank line of the comment as the headline
+    set headline [string trimleft $comment]
+    set i [string first "\n" $headline]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	set headline [string range $headline 0 $i]
+    }
+    set headline [string trimright $headline]
+    set i [string first "\r" $headline]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	set headline [string trimright [string range $headline 0 $i]]
+    }
+    if {!$listed} {
+	# git log indents the comment by 4 spaces;
+	# if we got this via git cat-file, add the indentation
+	set newcomment {}
+	foreach line [split $comment "\n"] {
+	    append newcomment "    "
+	    append newcomment $line
+	    append newcomment "\n"
+	}
+	set comment $newcomment
+    }
+    if {$comdate != {}} {
+	set cdate($id) $comdate
+    }
+    set commitinfo($id) [list $headline $auname $audate \
+			     $comname $comdate $comment]
+}
+
+proc getcommit {id} {
+    global commitdata commitinfo
+
+    if {[info exists commitdata($id)]} {
+	parsecommit $id $commitdata($id) 1
+    } else {
+	readcommit $id
+	if {![info exists commitinfo($id)]} {
+	    set commitinfo($id) [list [mc "No commit information available"]]
+	}
+    }
+    return 1
+}
+
+# Expand an abbreviated commit ID to a list of full 40-char IDs that match
+# and are present in the current view.
+# This is fairly slow...
+proc longid {prefix} {
+    global varcid curview
+
+    set ids {}
+    foreach match [array names varcid "$curview,$prefix*"] {
+	lappend ids [lindex [split $match ","] 1]
+    }
+    return $ids
+}
+
+proc readrefs {} {
+    global tagids idtags headids idheads tagobjid
+    global otherrefids idotherrefs mainhead mainheadid
+    global selecthead selectheadid
+    global hideremotes
+
+    foreach v {tagids idtags headids idheads otherrefids idotherrefs} {
+	catch {unset $v}
+    }
+    set refd [open [list | git show-ref -d] r]
+    while {[gets $refd line] >= 0} {
+	if {[string index $line 40] ne " "} continue
+	set id [string range $line 0 39]
+	set ref [string range $line 41 end]
+	if {![string match "refs/*" $ref]} continue
+	set name [string range $ref 5 end]
+	if {[string match "remotes/*" $name]} {
+	    if {![string match "*/HEAD" $name] && !$hideremotes} {
+		set headids($name) $id
+		lappend idheads($id) $name
+	    }
+	} elseif {[string match "heads/*" $name]} {
+	    set name [string range $name 6 end]
+	    set headids($name) $id
+	    lappend idheads($id) $name
+	} elseif {[string match "tags/*" $name]} {
+	    # this lets refs/tags/foo^{} overwrite refs/tags/foo,
+	    # which is what we want since the former is the commit ID
+	    set name [string range $name 5 end]
+	    if {[string match "*^{}" $name]} {
+		set name [string range $name 0 end-3]
+	    } else {
+		set tagobjid($name) $id
+	    }
+	    set tagids($name) $id
+	    lappend idtags($id) $name
+	} else {
+	    set otherrefids($name) $id
+	    lappend idotherrefs($id) $name
+	}
+    }
+    catch {close $refd}
+    set mainhead {}
+    set mainheadid {}
+    catch {
+	set mainheadid [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+	set thehead [exec git symbolic-ref HEAD]
+	if {[string match "refs/heads/*" $thehead]} {
+	    set mainhead [string range $thehead 11 end]
+	}
+    }
+    set selectheadid {}
+    if {$selecthead ne {}} {
+	catch {
+	    set selectheadid [exec git rev-parse --verify $selecthead]
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+# skip over fake commits
+proc first_real_row {} {
+    global nullid nullid2 numcommits
+
+    for {set row 0} {$row < $numcommits} {incr row} {
+	set id [commitonrow $row]
+	if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
+	    break
+	}
+    }
+    return $row
+}
+
+# update things for a head moved to a child of its previous location
+proc movehead {id name} {
+    global headids idheads
+
+    removehead $headids($name) $name
+    set headids($name) $id
+    lappend idheads($id) $name
+}
+
+# update things when a head has been removed
+proc removehead {id name} {
+    global headids idheads
+
+    if {$idheads($id) eq $name} {
+	unset idheads($id)
+    } else {
+	set i [lsearch -exact $idheads($id) $name]
+	if {$i >= 0} {
+	    set idheads($id) [lreplace $idheads($id) $i $i]
+	}
+    }
+    unset headids($name)
+}
+
+proc ttk_toplevel {w args} {
+    global use_ttk
+    eval [linsert $args 0 ::toplevel $w]
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+        place [ttk::frame $w._toplevel_background] -x 0 -y 0 -relwidth 1 -relheight 1
+    }
+    return $w
+}
+
+proc make_transient {window origin} {
+    global have_tk85
+
+    # In MacOS Tk 8.4 transient appears to work by setting
+    # overrideredirect, which is utterly useless, since the
+    # windows get no border, and are not even kept above
+    # the parent.
+    if {!$have_tk85 && [tk windowingsystem] eq {aqua}} return
+
+    wm transient $window $origin
+
+    # Windows fails to place transient windows normally, so
+    # schedule a callback to center them on the parent.
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] eq {win32}} {
+	after idle [list tk::PlaceWindow $window widget $origin]
+    }
+}
+
+proc show_error {w top msg {mc mc}} {
+    global NS
+    if {![info exists NS]} {set NS ""}
+    if {[wm state $top] eq "withdrawn"} { wm deiconify $top }
+    message $w.m -text $msg -justify center -aspect 400
+    pack $w.m -side top -fill x -padx 20 -pady 20
+    ${NS}::button $w.ok -default active -text [$mc OK] -command "destroy $top"
+    pack $w.ok -side bottom -fill x
+    bind $top <Visibility> "grab $top; focus $top"
+    bind $top <Key-Return> "destroy $top"
+    bind $top <Key-space>  "destroy $top"
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> "destroy $top"
+    tkwait window $top
+}
+
+proc error_popup {msg {owner .}} {
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
+        tk_messageBox -icon error -type ok -title [wm title .] \
+            -parent $owner -message $msg
+    } else {
+        set w .error
+        ttk_toplevel $w
+        make_transient $w $owner
+        show_error $w $w $msg
+    }
+}
+
+proc confirm_popup {msg {owner .}} {
+    global confirm_ok NS
+    set confirm_ok 0
+    set w .confirm
+    ttk_toplevel $w
+    make_transient $w $owner
+    message $w.m -text $msg -justify center -aspect 400
+    pack $w.m -side top -fill x -padx 20 -pady 20
+    ${NS}::button $w.ok -text [mc OK] -command "set confirm_ok 1; destroy $w"
+    pack $w.ok -side left -fill x
+    ${NS}::button $w.cancel -text [mc Cancel] -command "destroy $w"
+    pack $w.cancel -side right -fill x
+    bind $w <Visibility> "grab $w; focus $w"
+    bind $w <Key-Return> "set confirm_ok 1; destroy $w"
+    bind $w <Key-space>  "set confirm_ok 1; destroy $w"
+    bind $w <Key-Escape> "destroy $w"
+    tk::PlaceWindow $w widget $owner
+    tkwait window $w
+    return $confirm_ok
+}
+
+proc setoptions {} {
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] ne "win32"} {
+        option add *Panedwindow.showHandle 1 startupFile
+        option add *Panedwindow.sashRelief raised startupFile
+        if {[tk windowingsystem] ne "aqua"} {
+            option add *Menu.font uifont startupFile
+        }
+    } else {
+        option add *Menu.TearOff 0 startupFile
+    }
+    option add *Button.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Checkbutton.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Radiobutton.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Menubutton.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Label.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Message.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Entry.font uifont startupFile
+    option add *Labelframe.font uifont startupFile
+}
+
+# Make a menu and submenus.
+# m is the window name for the menu, items is the list of menu items to add.
+# Each item is a list {mc label type description options...}
+# mc is ignored; it's so we can put mc there to alert xgettext
+# label is the string that appears in the menu
+# type is cascade, command or radiobutton (should add checkbutton)
+# description depends on type; it's the sublist for cascade, the
+# command to invoke for command, or {variable value} for radiobutton
+proc makemenu {m items} {
+    menu $m
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] eq {aqua}} {
+	set Meta1 Cmd
+    } else {
+	set Meta1 Ctrl
+    }
+    foreach i $items {
+	set name [mc [lindex $i 1]]
+	set type [lindex $i 2]
+	set thing [lindex $i 3]
+	set params [list $type]
+	if {$name ne {}} {
+	    set u [string first "&" [string map {&& x} $name]]
+	    lappend params -label [string map {&& & & {}} $name]
+	    if {$u >= 0} {
+		lappend params -underline $u
+	    }
+	}
+	switch -- $type {
+	    "cascade" {
+		set submenu [string tolower [string map {& ""} [lindex $i 1]]]
+		lappend params -menu $m.$submenu
+	    }
+	    "command" {
+		lappend params -command $thing
+	    }
+	    "radiobutton" {
+		lappend params -variable [lindex $thing 0] \
+		    -value [lindex $thing 1]
+	    }
+	}
+	set tail [lrange $i 4 end]
+	regsub -all {\yMeta1\y} $tail $Meta1 tail
+	eval $m add $params $tail
+	if {$type eq "cascade"} {
+	    makemenu $m.$submenu $thing
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+# translate string and remove ampersands
+proc mca {str} {
+    return [string map {&& & & {}} [mc $str]]
+}
+
+proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
+    global use_ttk
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+        set width 0
+        foreach label $args {
+            set cx [string length $label]
+            if {$cx > $width} {set width $cx}
+        }
+	set gm [ttk::combobox $w -width $width -state readonly\
+		    -textvariable $varname -values $args]
+    } else {
+	set gm [eval [linsert $args 0 tk_optionMenu $w $varname]]
+    }
+    return $gm
+}
+
+proc makewindow {} {
+    global canv canv2 canv3 linespc charspc ctext cflist cscroll
+    global tabstop
+    global findtype findtypemenu findloc findstring fstring geometry
+    global entries sha1entry sha1string sha1but
+    global diffcontextstring diffcontext
+    global ignorespace
+    global maincursor textcursor curtextcursor
+    global rowctxmenu fakerowmenu mergemax wrapcomment
+    global highlight_files gdttype
+    global searchstring sstring
+    global bgcolor fgcolor bglist fglist diffcolors selectbgcolor
+    global headctxmenu progresscanv progressitem progresscoords statusw
+    global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
+    global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
+    global have_tk85 use_ttk NS
+
+    # The "mc" arguments here are purely so that xgettext
+    # sees the following string as needing to be translated
+    set file {
+	mc "File" cascade {
+	    {mc "Update" command updatecommits -accelerator F5}
+	    {mc "Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Meta1-F5}
+	    {mc "Reread references" command rereadrefs}
+	    {mc "List references" command showrefs -accelerator F2}
+	    {xx "" separator}
+	    {mc "Start git gui" command {exec git gui &}}
+	    {xx "" separator}
+	    {mc "Quit" command doquit -accelerator Meta1-Q}
+	}}
+    set edit {
+	mc "Edit" cascade {
+	    {mc "Preferences" command doprefs}
+	}}
+    set view {
+	mc "View" cascade {
+	    {mc "New view..." command {newview 0} -accelerator Shift-F4}
+	    {mc "Edit view..." command editview -state disabled -accelerator F4}
+	    {mc "Delete view" command delview -state disabled}
+	    {xx "" separator}
+	    {mc "All files" radiobutton {selectedview 0} -command {showview 0}}
+	}}
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] ne "aqua"} {
+	set help {
+	mc "Help" cascade {
+	    {mc "About gitk" command about}
+	    {mc "Key bindings" command keys}
+	}}
+	set bar [list $file $edit $view $help]
+    } else {
+	proc ::tk::mac::ShowPreferences {} {doprefs}
+	proc ::tk::mac::Quit {} {doquit}
+	lset file end [lreplace [lindex $file end] end-1 end]
+	set apple {
+	xx "Apple" cascade {
+	    {mc "About gitk" command about}
+	    {xx "" separator}
+	}}
+	set help {
+	mc "Help" cascade {
+	    {mc "Key bindings" command keys}
+	}}
+	set bar [list $apple $file $view $help]
+    }
+    makemenu .bar $bar
+    . configure -menu .bar
+
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+        # cover the non-themed toplevel with a themed frame.
+        place [ttk::frame ._main_background] -x 0 -y 0 -relwidth 1 -relheight 1
+    }
+
+    # the gui has upper and lower half, parts of a paned window.
+    ${NS}::panedwindow .ctop -orient vertical
+
+    # possibly use assumed geometry
+    if {![info exists geometry(pwsash0)]} {
+        set geometry(topheight) [expr {15 * $linespc}]
+        set geometry(topwidth) [expr {80 * $charspc}]
+        set geometry(botheight) [expr {15 * $linespc}]
+        set geometry(botwidth) [expr {50 * $charspc}]
+        set geometry(pwsash0) [list [expr {40 * $charspc}] 2]
+        set geometry(pwsash1) [list [expr {60 * $charspc}] 2]
+    }
+
+    # the upper half will have a paned window, a scroll bar to the right, and some stuff below
+    ${NS}::frame .tf -height $geometry(topheight) -width $geometry(topwidth)
+    ${NS}::frame .tf.histframe
+    ${NS}::panedwindow .tf.histframe.pwclist -orient horizontal
+    if {!$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.histframe.pwclist configure -sashpad 0 -handlesize 4
+    }
+
+    # create three canvases
+    set cscroll .tf.histframe.csb
+    set canv .tf.histframe.pwclist.canv
+    canvas $canv \
+	-selectbackground $selectbgcolor \
+	-background $bgcolor -bd 0 \
+	-yscrollincr $linespc -yscrollcommand "scrollcanv $cscroll"
+    .tf.histframe.pwclist add $canv
+    set canv2 .tf.histframe.pwclist.canv2
+    canvas $canv2 \
+	-selectbackground $selectbgcolor \
+	-background $bgcolor -bd 0 -yscrollincr $linespc
+    .tf.histframe.pwclist add $canv2
+    set canv3 .tf.histframe.pwclist.canv3
+    canvas $canv3 \
+	-selectbackground $selectbgcolor \
+	-background $bgcolor -bd 0 -yscrollincr $linespc
+    .tf.histframe.pwclist add $canv3
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	bind .tf.histframe.pwclist <Map> {
+	    bind %W <Map> {}
+	    .tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 1 [lindex $::geometry(pwsash1) 0]
+	    .tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 0 [lindex $::geometry(pwsash0) 0]
+	}
+    } else {
+	eval .tf.histframe.pwclist sash place 0 $geometry(pwsash0)
+	eval .tf.histframe.pwclist sash place 1 $geometry(pwsash1)
+    }
+
+    # a scroll bar to rule them
+    ${NS}::scrollbar $cscroll -command {allcanvs yview}
+    if {!$use_ttk} {$cscroll configure -highlightthickness 0}
+    pack $cscroll -side right -fill y
+    bind .tf.histframe.pwclist <Configure> {resizeclistpanes %W %w}
+    lappend bglist $canv $canv2 $canv3
+    pack .tf.histframe.pwclist -fill both -expand 1 -side left
+
+    # we have two button bars at bottom of top frame. Bar 1
+    ${NS}::frame .tf.bar
+    ${NS}::frame .tf.lbar -height 15
+
+    set sha1entry .tf.bar.sha1
+    set entries $sha1entry
+    set sha1but .tf.bar.sha1label
+    button $sha1but -text "[mc "SHA1 ID:"] " -state disabled -relief flat \
+	-command gotocommit -width 8
+    $sha1but conf -disabledforeground [$sha1but cget -foreground]
+    pack .tf.bar.sha1label -side left
+    ${NS}::entry $sha1entry -width 40 -font textfont -textvariable sha1string
+    trace add variable sha1string write sha1change
+    pack $sha1entry -side left -pady 2
+
+    image create bitmap bm-left -data {
+	#define left_width 16
+	#define left_height 16
+	static unsigned char left_bits[] = {
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
+	0x0e, 0x00, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
+	0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01};
+    }
+    image create bitmap bm-right -data {
+	#define right_width 16
+	#define right_height 16
+	static unsigned char right_bits[] = {
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x80, 0x03, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c,
+	0x00, 0x38, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c,
+	0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x01};
+    }
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -image bm-left -command goback \
+	-state disabled -width 26
+    pack .tf.bar.leftbut -side left -fill y
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -image bm-right -command goforw \
+	-state disabled -width 26
+    pack .tf.bar.rightbut -side left -fill y
+
+    ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel -text [mc "Row"]
+    set rownumsel {}
+    ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rownum -width 7 -textvariable rownumsel \
+	-relief sunken -anchor e
+    ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel2 -text "/"
+    ${NS}::label .tf.bar.numcommits -width 7 -textvariable numcommits \
+	-relief sunken -anchor e
+    pack .tf.bar.rowlabel .tf.bar.rownum .tf.bar.rowlabel2 .tf.bar.numcommits \
+	-side left
+    if {!$use_ttk} {
+        foreach w {rownum numcommits} {.tf.bar.$w configure -font textfont}
+    }
+    global selectedline
+    trace add variable selectedline write selectedline_change
+
+    # Status label and progress bar
+    set statusw .tf.bar.status
+    ${NS}::label $statusw -width 15 -relief sunken
+    pack $statusw -side left -padx 5
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	set progresscanv [ttk::progressbar .tf.bar.progress]
+    } else {
+	set h [expr {[font metrics uifont -linespace] + 2}]
+	set progresscanv .tf.bar.progress
+	canvas $progresscanv -relief sunken -height $h -borderwidth 2
+	set progressitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill green]
+	set fprogitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill yellow]
+	set rprogitem [$progresscanv create rect -1 0 0 $h -fill red]
+    }
+    pack $progresscanv -side right -expand 1 -fill x -padx {0 2}
+    set progresscoords {0 0}
+    set fprogcoord 0
+    set rprogcoord 0
+    bind $progresscanv <Configure> adjustprogress
+    set lastprogupdate [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set progupdatepending 0
+
+    # build up the bottom bar of upper window
+    ${NS}::label .tf.lbar.flabel -text "[mc "Find"] "
+    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fnext -text [mc "next"] -command {dofind 1 1}
+    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fprev -text [mc "prev"] -command {dofind -1 1}
+    ${NS}::label .tf.lbar.flab2 -text " [mc "commit"] "
+    pack .tf.lbar.flabel .tf.lbar.fnext .tf.lbar.fprev .tf.lbar.flab2 \
+	-side left -fill y
+    set gdttype [mc "containing:"]
+    set gm [makedroplist .tf.lbar.gdttype gdttype \
+		[mc "containing:"] \
+		[mc "touching paths:"] \
+		[mc "adding/removing string:"]]
+    trace add variable gdttype write gdttype_change
+    pack .tf.lbar.gdttype -side left -fill y
+
+    set findstring {}
+    set fstring .tf.lbar.findstring
+    lappend entries $fstring
+    ${NS}::entry $fstring -width 30 -font textfont -textvariable findstring
+    trace add variable findstring write find_change
+    set findtype [mc "Exact"]
+    set findtypemenu [makedroplist .tf.lbar.findtype \
+			  findtype [mc "Exact"] [mc "IgnCase"] [mc "Regexp"]]
+    trace add variable findtype write findcom_change
+    set findloc [mc "All fields"]
+    makedroplist .tf.lbar.findloc findloc [mc "All fields"] [mc "Headline"] \
+	[mc "Comments"] [mc "Author"] [mc "Committer"]
+    trace add variable findloc write find_change
+    pack .tf.lbar.findloc -side right
+    pack .tf.lbar.findtype -side right
+    pack $fstring -side left -expand 1 -fill x
+
+    # Finish putting the upper half of the viewer together
+    pack .tf.lbar -in .tf -side bottom -fill x
+    pack .tf.bar -in .tf -side bottom -fill x
+    pack .tf.histframe -fill both -side top -expand 1
+    .ctop add .tf
+    if {!$use_ttk} {
+	.ctop paneconfigure .tf -height $geometry(topheight)
+	.ctop paneconfigure .tf -width $geometry(topwidth)
+    }
+
+    # now build up the bottom
+    ${NS}::panedwindow .pwbottom -orient horizontal
+
+    # lower left, a text box over search bar, scroll bar to the right
+    # if we know window height, then that will set the lower text height, otherwise
+    # we set lower text height which will drive window height
+    if {[info exists geometry(main)]} {
+	${NS}::frame .bleft -width $geometry(botwidth)
+    } else {
+	${NS}::frame .bleft -width $geometry(botwidth) -height $geometry(botheight)
+    }
+    ${NS}::frame .bleft.top
+    ${NS}::frame .bleft.mid
+    ${NS}::frame .bleft.bottom
+
+    ${NS}::button .bleft.top.search -text [mc "Search"] -command dosearch
+    pack .bleft.top.search -side left -padx 5
+    set sstring .bleft.top.sstring
+    set searchstring ""
+    ${NS}::entry $sstring -width 20 -font textfont -textvariable searchstring
+    lappend entries $sstring
+    trace add variable searchstring write incrsearch
+    pack $sstring -side left -expand 1 -fill x
+    ${NS}::radiobutton .bleft.mid.diff -text [mc "Diff"] \
+	-command changediffdisp -variable diffelide -value {0 0}
+    ${NS}::radiobutton .bleft.mid.old -text [mc "Old version"] \
+	-command changediffdisp -variable diffelide -value {0 1}
+    ${NS}::radiobutton .bleft.mid.new -text [mc "New version"] \
+	-command changediffdisp -variable diffelide -value {1 0}
+    ${NS}::label .bleft.mid.labeldiffcontext -text "      [mc "Lines of context"]: "
+    pack .bleft.mid.diff .bleft.mid.old .bleft.mid.new -side left
+    spinbox .bleft.mid.diffcontext -width 5 -font textfont \
+	-from 0 -increment 1 -to 10000000 \
+	-validate all -validatecommand "diffcontextvalidate %P" \
+	-textvariable diffcontextstring
+    .bleft.mid.diffcontext set $diffcontext
+    trace add variable diffcontextstring write diffcontextchange
+    lappend entries .bleft.mid.diffcontext
+    pack .bleft.mid.labeldiffcontext .bleft.mid.diffcontext -side left
+    ${NS}::checkbutton .bleft.mid.ignspace -text [mc "Ignore space change"] \
+	-command changeignorespace -variable ignorespace
+    pack .bleft.mid.ignspace -side left -padx 5
+    set ctext .bleft.bottom.ctext
+    text $ctext -background $bgcolor -foreground $fgcolor \
+	-state disabled -font textfont \
+	-yscrollcommand scrolltext -wrap none \
+	-xscrollcommand ".bleft.bottom.sbhorizontal set"
+    if {$have_tk85} {
+	$ctext conf -tabstyle wordprocessor
+    }
+    ${NS}::scrollbar .bleft.bottom.sb -command "$ctext yview"
+    ${NS}::scrollbar .bleft.bottom.sbhorizontal -command "$ctext xview" -orient h
+    pack .bleft.top -side top -fill x
+    pack .bleft.mid -side top -fill x
+    grid $ctext .bleft.bottom.sb -sticky nsew
+    grid .bleft.bottom.sbhorizontal -sticky ew
+    grid columnconfigure .bleft.bottom 0 -weight 1
+    grid rowconfigure .bleft.bottom 0 -weight 1
+    grid rowconfigure .bleft.bottom 1 -weight 0
+    pack .bleft.bottom -side top -fill both -expand 1
+    lappend bglist $ctext
+    lappend fglist $ctext
+
+    $ctext tag conf comment -wrap $wrapcomment
+    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -back "#aaaaaa"
+    $ctext tag conf hunksep -fore [lindex $diffcolors 2]
+    $ctext tag conf d0 -fore [lindex $diffcolors 0]
+    $ctext tag conf dresult -fore [lindex $diffcolors 1]
+    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore red
+    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore blue
+    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore green
+    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore purple
+    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore brown
+    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore "#009090"
+    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore magenta
+    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore "#808000"
+    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore "#009000"
+    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore "#ff0080"
+    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore cyan
+    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore "#b07070"
+    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore "#70b0f0"
+    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore "#70f0b0"
+    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore "#f0b070"
+    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore "#ff70b0"
+    $ctext tag conf mmax -fore darkgrey
+    set mergemax 16
+    $ctext tag conf mresult -font textfontbold
+    $ctext tag conf msep -font textfontbold
+    $ctext tag conf found -back yellow
+
+    .pwbottom add .bleft
+    if {!$use_ttk} {
+	.pwbottom paneconfigure .bleft -width $geometry(botwidth)
+    }
+
+    # lower right
+    ${NS}::frame .bright
+    ${NS}::frame .bright.mode
+    ${NS}::radiobutton .bright.mode.patch -text [mc "Patch"] \
+	-command reselectline -variable cmitmode -value "patch"
+    ${NS}::radiobutton .bright.mode.tree -text [mc "Tree"] \
+	-command reselectline -variable cmitmode -value "tree"
+    grid .bright.mode.patch .bright.mode.tree -sticky ew
+    pack .bright.mode -side top -fill x
+    set cflist .bright.cfiles
+    set indent [font measure mainfont "nn"]
+    text $cflist \
+	-selectbackground $selectbgcolor \
+	-background $bgcolor -foreground $fgcolor \
+	-font mainfont \
+	-tabs [list $indent [expr {2 * $indent}]] \
+	-yscrollcommand ".bright.sb set" \
+	-cursor [. cget -cursor] \
+	-spacing1 1 -spacing3 1
+    lappend bglist $cflist
+    lappend fglist $cflist
+    ${NS}::scrollbar .bright.sb -command "$cflist yview"
+    pack .bright.sb -side right -fill y
+    pack $cflist -side left -fill both -expand 1
+    $cflist tag configure highlight \
+	-background [$cflist cget -selectbackground]
+    $cflist tag configure bold -font mainfontbold
+
+    .pwbottom add .bright
+    .ctop add .pwbottom
+
+    # restore window width & height if known
+    if {[info exists geometry(main)]} {
+	if {[scan $geometry(main) "%dx%d" w h] >= 2} {
+	    if {$w > [winfo screenwidth .]} {
+		set w [winfo screenwidth .]
+	    }
+	    if {$h > [winfo screenheight .]} {
+		set h [winfo screenheight .]
+	    }
+	    wm geometry . "${w}x$h"
+	}
+    }
+
+    if {[info exists geometry(state)] && $geometry(state) eq "zoomed"} {
+        wm state . $geometry(state)
+    }
+
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] eq {aqua}} {
+        set M1B M1
+        set ::BM "3"
+    } else {
+        set M1B Control
+        set ::BM "2"
+    }
+
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+        bind .ctop <Map> {
+            bind %W <Map> {}
+            %W sashpos 0 $::geometry(topheight)
+        }
+        bind .pwbottom <Map> {
+            bind %W <Map> {}
+            %W sashpos 0 $::geometry(botwidth)
+        }
+    }
+
+    bind .pwbottom <Configure> {resizecdetpanes %W %w}
+    pack .ctop -fill both -expand 1
+    bindall <1> {selcanvline %W %x %y}
+    #bindall <B1-Motion> {selcanvline %W %x %y}
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] == "win32"} {
+	bind . <MouseWheel> { windows_mousewheel_redirector %W %X %Y %D }
+	bind $ctext <MouseWheel> { windows_mousewheel_redirector %W %X %Y %D ; break }
+    } else {
+	bindall <ButtonRelease-4> "allcanvs yview scroll -5 units"
+	bindall <ButtonRelease-5> "allcanvs yview scroll 5 units"
+        if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+            bindall <MouseWheel> {
+                set delta [expr {- (%D)}]
+                allcanvs yview scroll $delta units
+            }
+            bindall <Shift-MouseWheel> {
+                set delta [expr {- (%D)}]
+                $canv xview scroll $delta units
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    bindall <$::BM> "canvscan mark %W %x %y"
+    bindall <B$::BM-Motion> "canvscan dragto %W %x %y"
+    bindkey <Home> selfirstline
+    bindkey <End> sellastline
+    bind . <Key-Up> "selnextline -1"
+    bind . <Key-Down> "selnextline 1"
+    bind . <Shift-Key-Up> "dofind -1 0"
+    bind . <Shift-Key-Down> "dofind 1 0"
+    bindkey <Key-Right> "goforw"
+    bindkey <Key-Left> "goback"
+    bind . <Key-Prior> "selnextpage -1"
+    bind . <Key-Next> "selnextpage 1"
+    bind . <$M1B-Home> "allcanvs yview moveto 0.0"
+    bind . <$M1B-End> "allcanvs yview moveto 1.0"
+    bind . <$M1B-Key-Up> "allcanvs yview scroll -1 units"
+    bind . <$M1B-Key-Down> "allcanvs yview scroll 1 units"
+    bind . <$M1B-Key-Prior> "allcanvs yview scroll -1 pages"
+    bind . <$M1B-Key-Next> "allcanvs yview scroll 1 pages"
+    bindkey <Key-Delete> "$ctext yview scroll -1 pages"
+    bindkey <Key-BackSpace> "$ctext yview scroll -1 pages"
+    bindkey <Key-space> "$ctext yview scroll 1 pages"
+    bindkey p "selnextline -1"
+    bindkey n "selnextline 1"
+    bindkey z "goback"
+    bindkey x "goforw"
+    bindkey i "selnextline -1"
+    bindkey k "selnextline 1"
+    bindkey j "goback"
+    bindkey l "goforw"
+    bindkey b prevfile
+    bindkey d "$ctext yview scroll 18 units"
+    bindkey u "$ctext yview scroll -18 units"
+    bindkey / {focus $fstring}
+    bindkey <Key-KP_Divide> {focus $fstring}
+    bindkey <Key-Return> {dofind 1 1}
+    bindkey ? {dofind -1 1}
+    bindkey f nextfile
+    bind . <F5> updatecommits
+    bind . <$M1B-F5> reloadcommits
+    bind . <F2> showrefs
+    bind . <Shift-F4> {newview 0}
+    catch { bind . <Shift-Key-XF86_Switch_VT_4> {newview 0} }
+    bind . <F4> edit_or_newview
+    bind . <$M1B-q> doquit
+    bind . <$M1B-f> {dofind 1 1}
+    bind . <$M1B-g> {dofind 1 0}
+    bind . <$M1B-r> dosearchback
+    bind . <$M1B-s> dosearch
+    bind . <$M1B-equal> {incrfont 1}
+    bind . <$M1B-plus> {incrfont 1}
+    bind . <$M1B-KP_Add> {incrfont 1}
+    bind . <$M1B-minus> {incrfont -1}
+    bind . <$M1B-KP_Subtract> {incrfont -1}
+    wm protocol . WM_DELETE_WINDOW doquit
+    bind . <Destroy> {stop_backends}
+    bind . <Button-1> "click %W"
+    bind $fstring <Key-Return> {dofind 1 1}
+    bind $sha1entry <Key-Return> {gotocommit; break}
+    bind $sha1entry <<PasteSelection>> clearsha1
+    bind $cflist <1> {sel_flist %W %x %y; break}
+    bind $cflist <B1-Motion> {sel_flist %W %x %y; break}
+    bind $cflist <ButtonRelease-1> {treeclick %W %x %y}
+    global ctxbut
+    bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
+    bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
+
+    set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
+    set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
+    set curtextcursor $textcursor
+
+    set rowctxmenu .rowctxmenu
+    makemenu $rowctxmenu {
+	{mc "Diff this -> selected" command {diffvssel 0}}
+	{mc "Diff selected -> this" command {diffvssel 1}}
+	{mc "Make patch" command mkpatch}
+	{mc "Create tag" command mktag}
+	{mc "Write commit to file" command writecommit}
+	{mc "Create new branch" command mkbranch}
+	{mc "Cherry-pick this commit" command cherrypick}
+	{mc "Reset HEAD branch to here" command resethead}
+	{mc "Mark this commit" command markhere}
+	{mc "Return to mark" command gotomark}
+	{mc "Find descendant of this and mark" command find_common_desc}
+	{mc "Compare with marked commit" command compare_commits}
+    }
+    $rowctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
+
+    set fakerowmenu .fakerowmenu
+    makemenu $fakerowmenu {
+	{mc "Diff this -> selected" command {diffvssel 0}}
+	{mc "Diff selected -> this" command {diffvssel 1}}
+	{mc "Make patch" command mkpatch}
+    }
+    $fakerowmenu configure -tearoff 0
+
+    set headctxmenu .headctxmenu
+    makemenu $headctxmenu {
+	{mc "Check out this branch" command cobranch}
+	{mc "Remove this branch" command rmbranch}
+    }
+    $headctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
+
+    global flist_menu
+    set flist_menu .flistctxmenu
+    makemenu $flist_menu {
+	{mc "Highlight this too" command {flist_hl 0}}
+	{mc "Highlight this only" command {flist_hl 1}}
+	{mc "External diff" command {external_diff}}
+	{mc "Blame parent commit" command {external_blame 1}}
+    }
+    $flist_menu configure -tearoff 0
+
+    global diff_menu
+    set diff_menu .diffctxmenu
+    makemenu $diff_menu {
+	{mc "Show origin of this line" command show_line_source}
+	{mc "Run git gui blame on this line" command {external_blame_diff}}
+    }
+    $diff_menu configure -tearoff 0
+}
+
+# Windows sends all mouse wheel events to the current focused window, not
+# the one where the mouse hovers, so bind those events here and redirect
+# to the correct window
+proc windows_mousewheel_redirector {W X Y D} {
+    global canv canv2 canv3
+    set w [winfo containing -displayof $W $X $Y]
+    if {$w ne ""} {
+	set u [expr {$D < 0 ? 5 : -5}]
+	if {$w == $canv || $w == $canv2 || $w == $canv3} {
+	    allcanvs yview scroll $u units
+	} else {
+	    catch {
+		$w yview scroll $u units
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+# Update row number label when selectedline changes
+proc selectedline_change {n1 n2 op} {
+    global selectedline rownumsel
+
+    if {$selectedline eq {}} {
+	set rownumsel {}
+    } else {
+	set rownumsel [expr {$selectedline + 1}]
+    }
+}
+
+# mouse-2 makes all windows scan vertically, but only the one
+# the cursor is in scans horizontally
+proc canvscan {op w x y} {
+    global canv canv2 canv3
+    foreach c [list $canv $canv2 $canv3] {
+	if {$c == $w} {
+	    $c scan $op $x $y
+	} else {
+	    $c scan $op 0 $y
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc scrollcanv {cscroll f0 f1} {
+    $cscroll set $f0 $f1
+    drawvisible
+    flushhighlights
+}
+
+# when we make a key binding for the toplevel, make sure
+# it doesn't get triggered when that key is pressed in the
+# find string entry widget.
+proc bindkey {ev script} {
+    global entries
+    bind . $ev $script
+    set escript [bind Entry $ev]
+    if {$escript == {}} {
+	set escript [bind Entry <Key>]
+    }
+    foreach e $entries {
+	bind $e $ev "$escript; break"
+    }
+}
+
+# set the focus back to the toplevel for any click outside
+# the entry widgets
+proc click {w} {
+    global ctext entries
+    foreach e [concat $entries $ctext] {
+	if {$w == $e} return
+    }
+    focus .
+}
+
+# Adjust the progress bar for a change in requested extent or canvas size
+proc adjustprogress {} {
+    global progresscanv progressitem progresscoords
+    global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
+    global rprogitem rprogcoord use_ttk
+
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	$progresscanv configure -value [expr {int($fprogcoord * 100)}]
+	return
+    }
+
+    set w [expr {[winfo width $progresscanv] - 4}]
+    set x0 [expr {$w * [lindex $progresscoords 0]}]
+    set x1 [expr {$w * [lindex $progresscoords 1]}]
+    set h [winfo height $progresscanv]
+    $progresscanv coords $progressitem $x0 0 $x1 $h
+    $progresscanv coords $fprogitem 0 0 [expr {$w * $fprogcoord}] $h
+    $progresscanv coords $rprogitem 0 0 [expr {$w * $rprogcoord}] $h
+    set now [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    if {$now >= $lastprogupdate + 100} {
+	set progupdatepending 0
+	update
+    } elseif {!$progupdatepending} {
+	set progupdatepending 1
+	after [expr {$lastprogupdate + 100 - $now}] doprogupdate
+    }
+}
+
+proc doprogupdate {} {
+    global lastprogupdate progupdatepending
+
+    if {$progupdatepending} {
+	set progupdatepending 0
+	set lastprogupdate [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+	update
+    }
+}
+
+proc savestuff {w} {
+    global canv canv2 canv3 mainfont textfont uifont tabstop
+    global stuffsaved findmergefiles maxgraphpct
+    global maxwidth showneartags showlocalchanges
+    global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
+    global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
+    global colors uicolor bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
+    global autoselect extdifftool perfile_attrs markbgcolor use_ttk
+    global hideremotes want_ttk
+
+    if {$stuffsaved} return
+    if {![winfo viewable .]} return
+    catch {
+	if {[file exists ~/.gitk-new]} {file delete -force ~/.gitk-new}
+	set f [open "~/.gitk-new" w]
+	if {$::tcl_platform(platform) eq {windows}} {
+	    file attributes "~/.gitk-new" -hidden true
+	}
+	puts $f [list set mainfont $mainfont]
+	puts $f [list set textfont $textfont]
+	puts $f [list set uifont $uifont]
+	puts $f [list set tabstop $tabstop]
+	puts $f [list set findmergefiles $findmergefiles]
+	puts $f [list set maxgraphpct $maxgraphpct]
+	puts $f [list set maxwidth $maxwidth]
+	puts $f [list set cmitmode $cmitmode]
+	puts $f [list set wrapcomment $wrapcomment]
+	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
+	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
+	puts $f [list set hideremotes $hideremotes]
+	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
+	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
+	puts $f [list set limitdiffs $limitdiffs]
+	puts $f [list set uicolor $uicolor]
+	puts $f [list set want_ttk $want_ttk]
+	puts $f [list set bgcolor $bgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set fgcolor $fgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set colors $colors]
+	puts $f [list set diffcolors $diffcolors]
+	puts $f [list set markbgcolor $markbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set diffcontext $diffcontext]
+	puts $f [list set selectbgcolor $selectbgcolor]
+	puts $f [list set extdifftool $extdifftool]
+	puts $f [list set perfile_attrs $perfile_attrs]
+
+	puts $f "set geometry(main) [wm geometry .]"
+	puts $f "set geometry(state) [wm state .]"
+	puts $f "set geometry(topwidth) [winfo width .tf]"
+	puts $f "set geometry(topheight) [winfo height .tf]"
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash0) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 0] 1\""
+	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash1) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 1] 1\""
+	} else {
+	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash0) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sash coord 0]\""
+	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash1) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sash coord 1]\""
+	}
+	puts $f "set geometry(botwidth) [winfo width .bleft]"
+	puts $f "set geometry(botheight) [winfo height .bleft]"
+
+	puts -nonewline $f "set permviews {"
+	for {set v 0} {$v < $nextviewnum} {incr v} {
+	    if {$viewperm($v)} {
+		puts $f "{[list $viewname($v) $viewfiles($v) $viewargs($v) $viewargscmd($v)]}"
+	    }
+	}
+	puts $f "}"
+	close $f
+	file rename -force "~/.gitk-new" "~/.gitk"
+    }
+    set stuffsaved 1
+}
+
+proc resizeclistpanes {win w} {
+    global oldwidth use_ttk
+    if {[info exists oldwidth($win)]} {
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+	    set s0 [$win sashpos 0]
+	    set s1 [$win sashpos 1]
+	} else {
+	    set s0 [$win sash coord 0]
+	    set s1 [$win sash coord 1]
+	}
+	if {$w < 60} {
+	    set sash0 [expr {int($w/2 - 2)}]
+	    set sash1 [expr {int($w*5/6 - 2)}]
+	} else {
+	    set factor [expr {1.0 * $w / $oldwidth($win)}]
+	    set sash0 [expr {int($factor * [lindex $s0 0])}]
+	    set sash1 [expr {int($factor * [lindex $s1 0])}]
+	    if {$sash0 < 30} {
+		set sash0 30
+	    }
+	    if {$sash1 < $sash0 + 20} {
+		set sash1 [expr {$sash0 + 20}]
+	    }
+	    if {$sash1 > $w - 10} {
+		set sash1 [expr {$w - 10}]
+		if {$sash0 > $sash1 - 20} {
+		    set sash0 [expr {$sash1 - 20}]
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+	    $win sashpos 0 $sash0
+	    $win sashpos 1 $sash1
+	} else {
+	    $win sash place 0 $sash0 [lindex $s0 1]
+	    $win sash place 1 $sash1 [lindex $s1 1]
+	}
+    }
+    set oldwidth($win) $w
+}
+
+proc resizecdetpanes {win w} {
+    global oldwidth use_ttk
+    if {[info exists oldwidth($win)]} {
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+	    set s0 [$win sashpos 0]
+	} else {
+	    set s0 [$win sash coord 0]
+	}
+	if {$w < 60} {
+	    set sash0 [expr {int($w*3/4 - 2)}]
+	} else {
+	    set factor [expr {1.0 * $w / $oldwidth($win)}]
+	    set sash0 [expr {int($factor * [lindex $s0 0])}]
+	    if {$sash0 < 45} {
+		set sash0 45
+	    }
+	    if {$sash0 > $w - 15} {
+		set sash0 [expr {$w - 15}]
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+	    $win sashpos 0 $sash0
+	} else {
+	    $win sash place 0 $sash0 [lindex $s0 1]
+	}
+    }
+    set oldwidth($win) $w
+}
+
+proc allcanvs args {
+    global canv canv2 canv3
+    eval $canv $args
+    eval $canv2 $args
+    eval $canv3 $args
+}
+
+proc bindall {event action} {
+    global canv canv2 canv3
+    bind $canv $event $action
+    bind $canv2 $event $action
+    bind $canv3 $event $action
+}
+
+proc about {} {
+    global uifont NS
+    set w .about
+    if {[winfo exists $w]} {
+	raise $w
+	return
+    }
+    ttk_toplevel $w
+    wm title $w [mc "About gitk"]
+    make_transient $w .
+    message $w.m -text [mc "
+Gitk - a commit viewer for git
+
+Copyright © 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras
+
+Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"] \
+	    -justify center -aspect 400 -border 2 -bg white -relief groove
+    pack $w.m -side top -fill x -padx 2 -pady 2
+    ${NS}::button $w.ok -text [mc "Close"] -command "destroy $w" -default active
+    pack $w.ok -side bottom
+    bind $w <Visibility> "focus $w.ok"
+    bind $w <Key-Escape> "destroy $w"
+    bind $w <Key-Return> "destroy $w"
+    tk::PlaceWindow $w widget .
+}
+
+proc keys {} {
+    global NS
+    set w .keys
+    if {[winfo exists $w]} {
+	raise $w
+	return
+    }
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] eq {aqua}} {
+	set M1T Cmd
+    } else {
+	set M1T Ctrl
+    }
+    ttk_toplevel $w
+    wm title $w [mc "Gitk key bindings"]
+    make_transient $w .
+    message $w.m -text "
+[mc "Gitk key bindings:"]
+
+[mc "<%s-Q>		Quit" $M1T]
+[mc "<Home>		Move to first commit"]
+[mc "<End>		Move to last commit"]
+[mc "<Up>, p, i	Move up one commit"]
+[mc "<Down>, n, k	Move down one commit"]
+[mc "<Left>, z, j	Go back in history list"]
+[mc "<Right>, x, l	Go forward in history list"]
+[mc "<PageUp>	Move up one page in commit list"]
+[mc "<PageDown>	Move down one page in commit list"]
+[mc "<%s-Home>	Scroll to top of commit list" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-End>	Scroll to bottom of commit list" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-Up>	Scroll commit list up one line" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-Down>	Scroll commit list down one line" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-PageUp>	Scroll commit list up one page" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-PageDown>	Scroll commit list down one page" $M1T]
+[mc "<Shift-Up>	Find backwards (upwards, later commits)"]
+[mc "<Shift-Down>	Find forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"]
+[mc "<Delete>, b	Scroll diff view up one page"]
+[mc "<Backspace>	Scroll diff view up one page"]
+[mc "<Space>		Scroll diff view down one page"]
+[mc "u		Scroll diff view up 18 lines"]
+[mc "d		Scroll diff view down 18 lines"]
+[mc "<%s-F>		Find" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-G>		Move to next find hit" $M1T]
+[mc "<Return>	Move to next find hit"]
+[mc "/		Focus the search box"]
+[mc "?		Move to previous find hit"]
+[mc "f		Scroll diff view to next file"]
+[mc "<%s-S>		Search for next hit in diff view" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-R>		Search for previous hit in diff view" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-KP+>	Increase font size" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-plus>	Increase font size" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-KP->	Decrease font size" $M1T]
+[mc "<%s-minus>	Decrease font size" $M1T]
+[mc "<F5>		Update"]
+" \
+	    -justify left -bg white -border 2 -relief groove
+    pack $w.m -side top -fill both -padx 2 -pady 2
+    ${NS}::button $w.ok -text [mc "Close"] -command "destroy $w" -default active
+    bind $w <Key-Escape> [list destroy $w]
+    pack $w.ok -side bottom
+    bind $w <Visibility> "focus $w.ok"
+    bind $w <Key-Escape> "destroy $w"
+    bind $w <Key-Return> "destroy $w"
+}
+
+# Procedures for manipulating the file list window at the
+# bottom right of the overall window.
+
+proc treeview {w l openlevs} {
+    global treecontents treediropen treeheight treeparent treeindex
+
+    set ix 0
+    set treeindex() 0
+    set lev 0
+    set prefix {}
+    set prefixend -1
+    set prefendstack {}
+    set htstack {}
+    set ht 0
+    set treecontents() {}
+    $w conf -state normal
+    foreach f $l {
+	while {[string range $f 0 $prefixend] ne $prefix} {
+	    if {$lev <= $openlevs} {
+		$w mark set e:$treeindex($prefix) "end -1c"
+		$w mark gravity e:$treeindex($prefix) left
+	    }
+	    set treeheight($prefix) $ht
+	    incr ht [lindex $htstack end]
+	    set htstack [lreplace $htstack end end]
+	    set prefixend [lindex $prefendstack end]
+	    set prefendstack [lreplace $prefendstack end end]
+	    set prefix [string range $prefix 0 $prefixend]
+	    incr lev -1
+	}
+	set tail [string range $f [expr {$prefixend+1}] end]
+	while {[set slash [string first "/" $tail]] >= 0} {
+	    lappend htstack $ht
+	    set ht 0
+	    lappend prefendstack $prefixend
+	    incr prefixend [expr {$slash + 1}]
+	    set d [string range $tail 0 $slash]
+	    lappend treecontents($prefix) $d
+	    set oldprefix $prefix
+	    append prefix $d
+	    set treecontents($prefix) {}
+	    set treeindex($prefix) [incr ix]
+	    set treeparent($prefix) $oldprefix
+	    set tail [string range $tail [expr {$slash+1}] end]
+	    if {$lev <= $openlevs} {
+		set ht 1
+		set treediropen($prefix) [expr {$lev < $openlevs}]
+		set bm [expr {$lev == $openlevs? "tri-rt": "tri-dn"}]
+		$w mark set d:$ix "end -1c"
+		$w mark gravity d:$ix left
+		set str "\n"
+		for {set i 0} {$i < $lev} {incr i} {append str "\t"}
+		$w insert end $str
+		$w image create end -align center -image $bm -padx 1 \
+		    -name a:$ix
+		$w insert end $d [highlight_tag $prefix]
+		$w mark set s:$ix "end -1c"
+		$w mark gravity s:$ix left
+	    }
+	    incr lev
+	}
+	if {$tail ne {}} {
+	    if {$lev <= $openlevs} {
+		incr ht
+		set str "\n"
+		for {set i 0} {$i < $lev} {incr i} {append str "\t"}
+		$w insert end $str
+		$w insert end $tail [highlight_tag $f]
+	    }
+	    lappend treecontents($prefix) $tail
+	}
+    }
+    while {$htstack ne {}} {
+	set treeheight($prefix) $ht
+	incr ht [lindex $htstack end]
+	set htstack [lreplace $htstack end end]
+	set prefixend [lindex $prefendstack end]
+	set prefendstack [lreplace $prefendstack end end]
+	set prefix [string range $prefix 0 $prefixend]
+    }
+    $w conf -state disabled
+}
+
+proc linetoelt {l} {
+    global treeheight treecontents
+
+    set y 2
+    set prefix {}
+    while {1} {
+	foreach e $treecontents($prefix) {
+	    if {$y == $l} {
+		return "$prefix$e"
+	    }
+	    set n 1
+	    if {[string index $e end] eq "/"} {
+		set n $treeheight($prefix$e)
+		if {$y + $n > $l} {
+		    append prefix $e
+		    incr y
+		    break
+		}
+	    }
+	    incr y $n
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc highlight_tree {y prefix} {
+    global treeheight treecontents cflist
+
+    foreach e $treecontents($prefix) {
+	set path $prefix$e
+	if {[highlight_tag $path] ne {}} {
+	    $cflist tag add bold $y.0 "$y.0 lineend"
+	}
+	incr y
+	if {[string index $e end] eq "/" && $treeheight($path) > 1} {
+	    set y [highlight_tree $y $path]
+	}
+    }
+    return $y
+}
+
+proc treeclosedir {w dir} {
+    global treediropen treeheight treeparent treeindex
+
+    set ix $treeindex($dir)
+    $w conf -state normal
+    $w delete s:$ix e:$ix
+    set treediropen($dir) 0
+    $w image configure a:$ix -image tri-rt
+    $w conf -state disabled
+    set n [expr {1 - $treeheight($dir)}]
+    while {$dir ne {}} {
+	incr treeheight($dir) $n
+	set dir $treeparent($dir)
+    }
+}
+
+proc treeopendir {w dir} {
+    global treediropen treeheight treeparent treecontents treeindex
+
+    set ix $treeindex($dir)
+    $w conf -state normal
+    $w image configure a:$ix -image tri-dn
+    $w mark set e:$ix s:$ix
+    $w mark gravity e:$ix right
+    set lev 0
+    set str "\n"
+    set n [llength $treecontents($dir)]
+    for {set x $dir} {$x ne {}} {set x $treeparent($x)} {
+	incr lev
+	append str "\t"
+	incr treeheight($x) $n
+    }
+    foreach e $treecontents($dir) {
+	set de $dir$e
+	if {[string index $e end] eq "/"} {
+	    set iy $treeindex($de)
+	    $w mark set d:$iy e:$ix
+	    $w mark gravity d:$iy left
+	    $w insert e:$ix $str
+	    set treediropen($de) 0
+	    $w image create e:$ix -align center -image tri-rt -padx 1 \
+		-name a:$iy
+	    $w insert e:$ix $e [highlight_tag $de]
+	    $w mark set s:$iy e:$ix
+	    $w mark gravity s:$iy left
+	    set treeheight($de) 1
+	} else {
+	    $w insert e:$ix $str
+	    $w insert e:$ix $e [highlight_tag $de]
+	}
+    }
+    $w mark gravity e:$ix right
+    $w conf -state disabled
+    set treediropen($dir) 1
+    set top [lindex [split [$w index @0,0] .] 0]
+    set ht [$w cget -height]
+    set l [lindex [split [$w index s:$ix] .] 0]
+    if {$l < $top} {
+	$w yview $l.0
+    } elseif {$l + $n + 1 > $top + $ht} {
+	set top [expr {$l + $n + 2 - $ht}]
+	if {$l < $top} {
+	    set top $l
+	}
+	$w yview $top.0
+    }
+}
+
+proc treeclick {w x y} {
+    global treediropen cmitmode ctext cflist cflist_top
+
+    if {$cmitmode ne "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
+    set l [lindex [split [$w index "@$x,$y"] "."] 0]
+    $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
+    $cflist tag add highlight $l.0 "$l.0 lineend"
+    set cflist_top $l
+    if {$l == 1} {
+	$ctext yview 1.0
+	return
+    }
+    set e [linetoelt $l]
+    if {[string index $e end] ne "/"} {
+	showfile $e
+    } elseif {$treediropen($e)} {
+	treeclosedir $w $e
+    } else {
+	treeopendir $w $e
+    }
+}
+
+proc setfilelist {id} {
+    global treefilelist cflist jump_to_here
+
+    treeview $cflist $treefilelist($id) 0
+    if {$jump_to_here ne {}} {
+	set f [lindex $jump_to_here 0]
+	if {[lsearch -exact $treefilelist($id) $f] >= 0} {
+	    showfile $f
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+image create bitmap tri-rt -background black -foreground blue -data {
+    #define tri-rt_width 13
+    #define tri-rt_height 13
+    static unsigned char tri-rt_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x00,
+       0xf0, 0x01, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+       0x00, 0x00};
+} -maskdata {
+    #define tri-rt-mask_width 13
+    #define tri-rt-mask_height 13
+    static unsigned char tri-rt-mask_bits[] = {
+       0x08, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x01,
+       0xf8, 0x03, 0xf8, 0x01, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00,
+       0x08, 0x00};
+}
+image create bitmap tri-dn -background black -foreground blue -data {
+    #define tri-dn_width 13
+    #define tri-dn_height 13
+    static unsigned char tri-dn_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x03,
+       0xf0, 0x01, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+       0x00, 0x00};
+} -maskdata {
+    #define tri-dn-mask_width 13
+    #define tri-dn-mask_height 13
+    static unsigned char tri-dn-mask_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x1f, 0xfe, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x07,
+       0xf8, 0x03, 0xf0, 0x01, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+       0x00, 0x00};
+}
+
+image create bitmap reficon-T -background black -foreground yellow -data {
+    #define tagicon_width 13
+    #define tagicon_height 9
+    static unsigned char tagicon_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x07,
+       0xfc, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x07, 0xf0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+} -maskdata {
+    #define tagicon-mask_width 13
+    #define tagicon-mask_height 9
+    static unsigned char tagicon-mask_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f,
+       0xfe, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xf8, 0x0f, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00};
+}
+set rectdata {
+    #define headicon_width 13
+    #define headicon_height 9
+    static unsigned char headicon_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x07,
+       0xf8, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+}
+set rectmask {
+    #define headicon-mask_width 13
+    #define headicon-mask_height 9
+    static unsigned char headicon-mask_bits[] = {
+       0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f,
+       0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00};
+}
+image create bitmap reficon-H -background black -foreground green \
+    -data $rectdata -maskdata $rectmask
+image create bitmap reficon-o -background black -foreground "#ddddff" \
+    -data $rectdata -maskdata $rectmask
+
+proc init_flist {first} {
+    global cflist cflist_top difffilestart
+
+    $cflist conf -state normal
+    $cflist delete 0.0 end
+    if {$first ne {}} {
+	$cflist insert end $first
+	set cflist_top 1
+	$cflist tag add highlight 1.0 "1.0 lineend"
+    } else {
+	catch {unset cflist_top}
+    }
+    $cflist conf -state disabled
+    set difffilestart {}
+}
+
+proc highlight_tag {f} {
+    global highlight_paths
+
+    foreach p $highlight_paths {
+	if {[string match $p $f]} {
+	    return "bold"
+	}
+    }
+    return {}
+}
+
+proc highlight_filelist {} {
+    global cmitmode cflist
+
+    $cflist conf -state normal
+    if {$cmitmode ne "tree"} {
+	set end [lindex [split [$cflist index end] .] 0]
+	for {set l 2} {$l < $end} {incr l} {
+	    set line [$cflist get $l.0 "$l.0 lineend"]
+	    if {[highlight_tag $line] ne {}} {
+		$cflist tag add bold $l.0 "$l.0 lineend"
+	    }
+	}
+    } else {
+	highlight_tree 2 {}
+    }
+    $cflist conf -state disabled
+}
+
+proc unhighlight_filelist {} {
+    global cflist
+
+    $cflist conf -state normal
+    $cflist tag remove bold 1.0 end
+    $cflist conf -state disabled
+}
+
+proc add_flist {fl} {
+    global cflist
+
+    $cflist conf -state normal
+    foreach f $fl {
+	$cflist insert end "\n"
+	$cflist insert end $f [highlight_tag $f]
+    }
+    $cflist conf -state disabled
+}
+
+proc sel_flist {w x y} {
+    global ctext difffilestart cflist cflist_top cmitmode
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
+    set l [lindex [split [$w index "@$x,$y"] "."] 0]
+    $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
+    $cflist tag add highlight $l.0 "$l.0 lineend"
+    set cflist_top $l
+    if {$l == 1} {
+	$ctext yview 1.0
+    } else {
+	catch {$ctext yview [lindex $difffilestart [expr {$l - 2}]]}
+    }
+}
+
+proc pop_flist_menu {w X Y x y} {
+    global ctext cflist cmitmode flist_menu flist_menu_file
+    global treediffs diffids
+
+    stopfinding
+    set l [lindex [split [$w index "@$x,$y"] "."] 0]
+    if {$l <= 1} return
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
+	set e [linetoelt $l]
+	if {[string index $e end] eq "/"} return
+    } else {
+	set e [lindex $treediffs($diffids) [expr {$l-2}]]
+    }
+    set flist_menu_file $e
+    set xdiffstate "normal"
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
+	set xdiffstate "disabled"
+    }
+    # Disable "External diff" item in tree mode
+    $flist_menu entryconf 2 -state $xdiffstate
+    tk_popup $flist_menu $X $Y
+}
+
+proc find_ctext_fileinfo {line} {
+    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
+
+    set ok [bsearch $ctext_file_lines $line]
+    set tline [lindex $ctext_file_lines $ok]
+
+    if {$ok >= [llength $ctext_file_lines] || $line < $tline} {
+        return {}
+    } else {
+        return [list [lindex $ctext_file_names $ok] $tline]
+    }
+}
+
+proc pop_diff_menu {w X Y x y} {
+    global ctext diff_menu flist_menu_file
+    global diff_menu_txtpos diff_menu_line
+    global diff_menu_filebase
+
+    set diff_menu_txtpos [split [$w index "@$x,$y"] "."]
+    set diff_menu_line [lindex $diff_menu_txtpos 0]
+    # don't pop up the menu on hunk-separator or file-separator lines
+    if {[lsearch -glob [$ctext tag names $diff_menu_line.0] "*sep"] >= 0} {
+	return
+    }
+    stopfinding
+    set f [find_ctext_fileinfo $diff_menu_line]
+    if {$f eq {}} return
+    set flist_menu_file [lindex $f 0]
+    set diff_menu_filebase [lindex $f 1]
+    tk_popup $diff_menu $X $Y
+}
+
+proc flist_hl {only} {
+    global flist_menu_file findstring gdttype
+
+    set x [shellquote $flist_menu_file]
+    if {$only || $findstring eq {} || $gdttype ne [mc "touching paths:"]} {
+	set findstring $x
+    } else {
+	append findstring " " $x
+    }
+    set gdttype [mc "touching paths:"]
+}
+
+proc gitknewtmpdir {} {
+    global diffnum gitktmpdir gitdir
+
+    if {![info exists gitktmpdir]} {
+	set gitktmpdir [file join [file dirname $gitdir] \
+			    [format ".gitk-tmp.%s" [pid]]]
+	if {[catch {file mkdir $gitktmpdir} err]} {
+	    error_popup "[mc "Error creating temporary directory %s:" $gitktmpdir] $err"
+	    unset gitktmpdir
+	    return {}
+	}
+	set diffnum 0
+    }
+    incr diffnum
+    set diffdir [file join $gitktmpdir $diffnum]
+    if {[catch {file mkdir $diffdir} err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error creating temporary directory %s:" $diffdir] $err"
+	return {}
+    }
+    return $diffdir
+}
+
+proc save_file_from_commit {filename output what} {
+    global nullfile
+
+    if {[catch {exec git show $filename -- > $output} err]} {
+	if {[string match "fatal: bad revision *" $err]} {
+	    return $nullfile
+	}
+	error_popup "[mc "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:" $filename $what] $err"
+	return {}
+    }
+    return $output
+}
+
+proc external_diff_get_one_file {diffid filename diffdir} {
+    global nullid nullid2 nullfile
+    global gitdir
+
+    if {$diffid == $nullid} {
+        set difffile [file join [file dirname $gitdir] $filename]
+	if {[file exists $difffile]} {
+	    return $difffile
+	}
+	return $nullfile
+    }
+    if {$diffid == $nullid2} {
+        set difffile [file join $diffdir "\[index\] [file tail $filename]"]
+        return [save_file_from_commit :$filename $difffile index]
+    }
+    set difffile [file join $diffdir "\[$diffid\] [file tail $filename]"]
+    return [save_file_from_commit $diffid:$filename $difffile \
+	       "revision $diffid"]
+}
+
+proc external_diff {} {
+    global nullid nullid2
+    global flist_menu_file
+    global diffids
+    global extdifftool
+
+    if {[llength $diffids] == 1} {
+        # no reference commit given
+        set diffidto [lindex $diffids 0]
+        if {$diffidto eq $nullid} {
+            # diffing working copy with index
+            set diffidfrom $nullid2
+        } elseif {$diffidto eq $nullid2} {
+            # diffing index with HEAD
+            set diffidfrom "HEAD"
+        } else {
+            # use first parent commit
+            global parentlist selectedline
+            set diffidfrom [lindex $parentlist $selectedline 0]
+        }
+    } else {
+        set diffidfrom [lindex $diffids 0]
+        set diffidto [lindex $diffids 1]
+    }
+
+    # make sure that several diffs wont collide
+    set diffdir [gitknewtmpdir]
+    if {$diffdir eq {}} return
+
+    # gather files to diff
+    set difffromfile [external_diff_get_one_file $diffidfrom $flist_menu_file $diffdir]
+    set difftofile [external_diff_get_one_file $diffidto $flist_menu_file $diffdir]
+
+    if {$difffromfile ne {} && $difftofile ne {}} {
+        set cmd [list [shellsplit $extdifftool] $difffromfile $difftofile]
+        if {[catch {set fl [open |$cmd r]} err]} {
+            file delete -force $diffdir
+            error_popup "$extdifftool: [mc "command failed:"] $err"
+        } else {
+            fconfigure $fl -blocking 0
+            filerun $fl [list delete_at_eof $fl $diffdir]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+proc find_hunk_blamespec {base line} {
+    global ctext
+
+    # Find and parse the hunk header
+    set s_lix [$ctext search -backwards -regexp ^@@ "$line.0 lineend" $base.0]
+    if {$s_lix eq {}} return
+
+    set s_line [$ctext get $s_lix "$s_lix + 1 lines"]
+    if {![regexp {^@@@*(( -\d+(,\d+)?)+) \+(\d+)(,\d+)? @@} $s_line \
+	    s_line old_specs osz osz1 new_line nsz]} {
+	return
+    }
+
+    # base lines for the parents
+    set base_lines [list $new_line]
+    foreach old_spec [lrange [split $old_specs " "] 1 end] {
+	if {![regexp -- {-(\d+)(,\d+)?} $old_spec \
+	        old_spec old_line osz]} {
+	    return
+	}
+	lappend base_lines $old_line
+    }
+
+    # Now scan the lines to determine offset within the hunk
+    set max_parent [expr {[llength $base_lines]-2}]
+    set dline 0
+    set s_lno [lindex [split $s_lix "."] 0]
+
+    # Determine if the line is removed
+    set chunk [$ctext get $line.0 "$line.1 + $max_parent chars"]
+    if {[string match {[-+ ]*} $chunk]} {
+	set removed_idx [string first "-" $chunk]
+	# Choose a parent index
+	if {$removed_idx >= 0} {
+	    set parent $removed_idx
+	} else {
+	    set unchanged_idx [string first " " $chunk]
+	    if {$unchanged_idx >= 0} {
+		set parent $unchanged_idx
+	    } else {
+		# blame the current commit
+		set parent -1
+	    }
+	}
+	# then count other lines that belong to it
+	for {set i $line} {[incr i -1] > $s_lno} {} {
+	    set chunk [$ctext get $i.0 "$i.1 + $max_parent chars"]
+	    # Determine if the line is removed
+	    set removed_idx [string first "-" $chunk]
+	    if {$parent >= 0} {
+		set code [string index $chunk $parent]
+		if {$code eq "-" || ($removed_idx < 0 && $code ne "+")} {
+		    incr dline
+		}
+	    } else {
+		if {$removed_idx < 0} {
+		    incr dline
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	incr parent
+    } else {
+	set parent 0
+    }
+
+    incr dline [lindex $base_lines $parent]
+    return [list $parent $dline]
+}
+
+proc external_blame_diff {} {
+    global currentid cmitmode
+    global diff_menu_txtpos diff_menu_line
+    global diff_menu_filebase flist_menu_file
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
+	set parent_idx 0
+	set line [expr {$diff_menu_line - $diff_menu_filebase}]
+    } else {
+	set hinfo [find_hunk_blamespec $diff_menu_filebase $diff_menu_line]
+	if {$hinfo ne {}} {
+	    set parent_idx [lindex $hinfo 0]
+	    set line [lindex $hinfo 1]
+	} else {
+	    set parent_idx 0
+	    set line 0
+	}
+    }
+
+    external_blame $parent_idx $line
+}
+
+# Find the SHA1 ID of the blob for file $fname in the index
+# at stage 0 or 2
+proc index_sha1 {fname} {
+    set f [open [list | git ls-files -s $fname] r]
+    while {[gets $f line] >= 0} {
+	set info [lindex [split $line "\t"] 0]
+	set stage [lindex $info 2]
+	if {$stage eq "0" || $stage eq "2"} {
+	    close $f
+	    return [lindex $info 1]
+	}
+    }
+    close $f
+    return {}
+}
+
+# Turn an absolute path into one relative to the current directory
+proc make_relative {f} {
+    if {[file pathtype $f] eq "relative"} {
+	return $f
+    }
+    set elts [file split $f]
+    set here [file split [pwd]]
+    set ei 0
+    set hi 0
+    set res {}
+    foreach d $here {
+	if {$ei < $hi || $ei >= [llength $elts] || [lindex $elts $ei] ne $d} {
+	    lappend res ".."
+	} else {
+	    incr ei
+	}
+	incr hi
+    }
+    set elts [concat $res [lrange $elts $ei end]]
+    return [eval file join $elts]
+}
+
+proc external_blame {parent_idx {line {}}} {
+    global flist_menu_file gitdir
+    global nullid nullid2
+    global parentlist selectedline currentid
+
+    if {$parent_idx > 0} {
+	set base_commit [lindex $parentlist $selectedline [expr {$parent_idx-1}]]
+    } else {
+	set base_commit $currentid
+    }
+
+    if {$base_commit eq {} || $base_commit eq $nullid || $base_commit eq $nullid2} {
+	error_popup [mc "No such commit"]
+	return
+    }
+
+    set cmdline [list git gui blame]
+    if {$line ne {} && $line > 1} {
+	lappend cmdline "--line=$line"
+    }
+    set f [file join [file dirname $gitdir] $flist_menu_file]
+    # Unfortunately it seems git gui blame doesn't like
+    # being given an absolute path...
+    set f [make_relative $f]
+    lappend cmdline $base_commit $f
+    if {[catch {eval exec $cmdline &} err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "git gui blame: command failed:"] $err"
+    }
+}
+
+proc show_line_source {} {
+    global cmitmode currentid parents curview blamestuff blameinst
+    global diff_menu_line diff_menu_filebase flist_menu_file
+    global nullid nullid2 gitdir
+
+    set from_index {}
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
+	set id $currentid
+	set line [expr {$diff_menu_line - $diff_menu_filebase}]
+    } else {
+	set h [find_hunk_blamespec $diff_menu_filebase $diff_menu_line]
+	if {$h eq {}} return
+	set pi [lindex $h 0]
+	if {$pi == 0} {
+	    mark_ctext_line $diff_menu_line
+	    return
+	}
+	incr pi -1
+	if {$currentid eq $nullid} {
+	    if {$pi > 0} {
+		# must be a merge in progress...
+		if {[catch {
+		    # get the last line from .git/MERGE_HEAD
+		    set f [open [file join $gitdir MERGE_HEAD] r]
+		    set id [lindex [split [read $f] "\n"] end-1]
+		    close $f
+		} err]} {
+		    error_popup [mc "Couldn't read merge head: %s" $err]
+		    return
+		}
+	    } elseif {$parents($curview,$currentid) eq $nullid2} {
+		# need to do the blame from the index
+		if {[catch {
+		    set from_index [index_sha1 $flist_menu_file]
+		} err]} {
+		    error_popup [mc "Error reading index: %s" $err]
+		    return
+		}
+	    } else {
+		set id $parents($curview,$currentid)
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    set id [lindex $parents($curview,$currentid) $pi]
+	}
+	set line [lindex $h 1]
+    }
+    set blameargs {}
+    if {$from_index ne {}} {
+	lappend blameargs | git cat-file blob $from_index
+    }
+    lappend blameargs | git blame -p -L$line,+1
+    if {$from_index ne {}} {
+	lappend blameargs --contents -
+    } else {
+	lappend blameargs $id
+    }
+    lappend blameargs -- [file join [file dirname $gitdir] $flist_menu_file]
+    if {[catch {
+	set f [open $blameargs r]
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup [mc "Couldn't start git blame: %s" $err]
+	return
+    }
+    nowbusy blaming [mc "Searching"]
+    fconfigure $f -blocking 0
+    set i [reg_instance $f]
+    set blamestuff($i) {}
+    set blameinst $i
+    filerun $f [list read_line_source $f $i]
+}
+
+proc stopblaming {} {
+    global blameinst
+
+    if {[info exists blameinst]} {
+	stop_instance $blameinst
+	unset blameinst
+	notbusy blaming
+    }
+}
+
+proc read_line_source {fd inst} {
+    global blamestuff curview commfd blameinst nullid nullid2
+
+    while {[gets $fd line] >= 0} {
+	lappend blamestuff($inst) $line
+    }
+    if {![eof $fd]} {
+	return 1
+    }
+    unset commfd($inst)
+    unset blameinst
+    notbusy blaming
+    fconfigure $fd -blocking 1
+    if {[catch {close $fd} err]} {
+	error_popup [mc "Error running git blame: %s" $err]
+	return 0
+    }
+
+    set fname {}
+    set line [split [lindex $blamestuff($inst) 0] " "]
+    set id [lindex $line 0]
+    set lnum [lindex $line 1]
+    if {[string length $id] == 40 && [string is xdigit $id] &&
+	[string is digit -strict $lnum]} {
+	# look for "filename" line
+	foreach l $blamestuff($inst) {
+	    if {[string match "filename *" $l]} {
+		set fname [string range $l 9 end]
+		break
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {$fname ne {}} {
+	# all looks good, select it
+	if {$id eq $nullid} {
+	    # blame uses all-zeroes to mean not committed,
+	    # which would mean a change in the index
+	    set id $nullid2
+	}
+	if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
+	    selectline [rowofcommit $id] 1 [list $fname $lnum]
+	} else {
+	    error_popup [mc "That line comes from commit %s, \
+			     which is not in this view" [shortids $id]]
+	}
+    } else {
+	puts "oops couldn't parse git blame output"
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+# delete $dir when we see eof on $f (presumably because the child has exited)
+proc delete_at_eof {f dir} {
+    while {[gets $f line] >= 0} {}
+    if {[eof $f]} {
+	if {[catch {close $f} err]} {
+	    error_popup "[mc "External diff viewer failed:"] $err"
+	}
+	file delete -force $dir
+	return 0
+    }
+    return 1
+}
+
+# Functions for adding and removing shell-type quoting
+
+proc shellquote {str} {
+    if {![string match "*\['\"\\ \t]*" $str]} {
+	return $str
+    }
+    if {![string match "*\['\"\\]*" $str]} {
+	return "\"$str\""
+    }
+    if {![string match "*'*" $str]} {
+	return "'$str'"
+    }
+    return "\"[string map {\" \\\" \\ \\\\} $str]\""
+}
+
+proc shellarglist {l} {
+    set str {}
+    foreach a $l {
+	if {$str ne {}} {
+	    append str " "
+	}
+	append str [shellquote $a]
+    }
+    return $str
+}
+
+proc shelldequote {str} {
+    set ret {}
+    set used -1
+    while {1} {
+	incr used
+	if {![regexp -start $used -indices "\['\"\\\\ \t]" $str first]} {
+	    append ret [string range $str $used end]
+	    set used [string length $str]
+	    break
+	}
+	set first [lindex $first 0]
+	set ch [string index $str $first]
+	if {$first > $used} {
+	    append ret [string range $str $used [expr {$first - 1}]]
+	    set used $first
+	}
+	if {$ch eq " " || $ch eq "\t"} break
+	incr used
+	if {$ch eq "'"} {
+	    set first [string first "'" $str $used]
+	    if {$first < 0} {
+		error "unmatched single-quote"
+	    }
+	    append ret [string range $str $used [expr {$first - 1}]]
+	    set used $first
+	    continue
+	}
+	if {$ch eq "\\"} {
+	    if {$used >= [string length $str]} {
+		error "trailing backslash"
+	    }
+	    append ret [string index $str $used]
+	    continue
+	}
+	# here ch == "\""
+	while {1} {
+	    if {![regexp -start $used -indices "\[\"\\\\]" $str first]} {
+		error "unmatched double-quote"
+	    }
+	    set first [lindex $first 0]
+	    set ch [string index $str $first]
+	    if {$first > $used} {
+		append ret [string range $str $used [expr {$first - 1}]]
+		set used $first
+	    }
+	    if {$ch eq "\""} break
+	    incr used
+	    append ret [string index $str $used]
+	    incr used
+	}
+    }
+    return [list $used $ret]
+}
+
+proc shellsplit {str} {
+    set l {}
+    while {1} {
+	set str [string trimleft $str]
+	if {$str eq {}} break
+	set dq [shelldequote $str]
+	set n [lindex $dq 0]
+	set word [lindex $dq 1]
+	set str [string range $str $n end]
+	lappend l $word
+    }
+    return $l
+}
+
+# Code to implement multiple views
+
+proc newview {ishighlight} {
+    global nextviewnum newviewname newishighlight
+    global revtreeargs viewargscmd newviewopts curview
+
+    set newishighlight $ishighlight
+    set top .gitkview
+    if {[winfo exists $top]} {
+	raise $top
+	return
+    }
+    set newviewname($nextviewnum) "[mc "View"] $nextviewnum"
+    set newviewopts($nextviewnum,perm) 0
+    set newviewopts($nextviewnum,cmd)  $viewargscmd($curview)
+    decode_view_opts $nextviewnum $revtreeargs
+    vieweditor $top $nextviewnum [mc "Gitk view definition"]
+}
+
+set known_view_options {
+    {perm      b    .  {}               {mc "Remember this view"}}
+    {reflabel  l    +  {}               {mc "References (space separated list):"}}
+    {refs      t15  .. {}               {mc "Branches & tags:"}}
+    {allrefs   b    *. "--all"          {mc "All refs"}}
+    {branches  b    .  "--branches"     {mc "All (local) branches"}}
+    {tags      b    .  "--tags"         {mc "All tags"}}
+    {remotes   b    .  "--remotes"      {mc "All remote-tracking branches"}}
+    {commitlbl l    +  {}               {mc "Commit Info (regular expressions):"}}
+    {author    t15  .. "--author=*"     {mc "Author:"}}
+    {committer t15  .  "--committer=*"  {mc "Committer:"}}
+    {loginfo   t15  .. "--grep=*"       {mc "Commit Message:"}}
+    {allmatch  b    .. "--all-match"    {mc "Matches all Commit Info criteria"}}
+    {changes_l l    +  {}               {mc "Changes to Files:"}}
+    {pickaxe_s r0   .  {}               {mc "Fixed String"}}
+    {pickaxe_t r1   .  "--pickaxe-regex"  {mc "Regular Expression"}}
+    {pickaxe   t15  .. "-S*"            {mc "Search string:"}}
+    {datelabel l    +  {}               {mc "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 15:27:38\"):"}}
+    {since     t15  ..  {"--since=*" "--after=*"}  {mc "Since:"}}
+    {until     t15  .   {"--until=*" "--before=*"} {mc "Until:"}}
+    {limit_lbl l    +  {}               {mc "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"}}
+    {limit     t10  *. "--max-count=*"  {mc "Number to show:"}}
+    {skip      t10  .  "--skip=*"       {mc "Number to skip:"}}
+    {misc_lbl  l    +  {}               {mc "Miscellaneous options:"}}
+    {dorder    b    *. {"--date-order" "-d"}      {mc "Strictly sort by date"}}
+    {lright    b    .  "--left-right"   {mc "Mark branch sides"}}
+    {first     b    .  "--first-parent" {mc "Limit to first parent"}}
+    {smplhst   b    .  "--simplify-by-decoration"   {mc "Simple history"}}
+    {args      t50  *. {}               {mc "Additional arguments to git log:"}}
+    {allpaths  path +  {}               {mc "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"}}
+    {cmd       t50= +  {}               {mc "Command to generate more commits to include:"}}
+    }
+
+proc encode_view_opts {n} {
+    global known_view_options newviewopts
+
+    set rargs [list]
+    foreach opt $known_view_options {
+	set patterns [lindex $opt 3]
+	if {$patterns eq {}} continue
+	set pattern [lindex $patterns 0]
+
+	if {[lindex $opt 1] eq "b"} {
+	    set val $newviewopts($n,[lindex $opt 0])
+	    if {$val} {
+		lappend rargs $pattern
+	    }
+	} elseif {[regexp {^r(\d+)$} [lindex $opt 1] type value]} {
+	    regexp {^(.*_)} [lindex $opt 0] uselessvar button_id
+	    set val $newviewopts($n,$button_id)
+	    if {$val eq $value} {
+		lappend rargs $pattern
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    set val $newviewopts($n,[lindex $opt 0])
+	    set val [string trim $val]
+	    if {$val ne {}} {
+		set pfix [string range $pattern 0 end-1]
+		lappend rargs $pfix$val
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set rargs [concat $rargs [shellsplit $newviewopts($n,refs)]]
+    return [concat $rargs [shellsplit $newviewopts($n,args)]]
+}
+
+proc decode_view_opts {n view_args} {
+    global known_view_options newviewopts
+
+    foreach opt $known_view_options {
+	set id [lindex $opt 0]
+	if {[lindex $opt 1] eq "b"} {
+	    # Checkboxes
+	    set val 0
+        } elseif {[regexp {^r(\d+)$} [lindex $opt 1]]} {
+	    # Radiobuttons
+	    regexp {^(.*_)} $id uselessvar id
+	    set val 0
+	} else {
+	    # Text fields
+	    set val {}
+	}
+	set newviewopts($n,$id) $val
+    }
+    set oargs [list]
+    set refargs [list]
+    foreach arg $view_args {
+	if {[regexp -- {^-([0-9]+)$} $arg arg cnt]
+	    && ![info exists found(limit)]} {
+	    set newviewopts($n,limit) $cnt
+	    set found(limit) 1
+	    continue
+	}
+	catch { unset val }
+	foreach opt $known_view_options {
+	    set id [lindex $opt 0]
+	    if {[info exists found($id)]} continue
+	    foreach pattern [lindex $opt 3] {
+		if {![string match $pattern $arg]} continue
+		if {[lindex $opt 1] eq "b"} {
+		    # Check buttons
+		    set val 1
+		} elseif {[regexp {^r(\d+)$} [lindex $opt 1] match num]} {
+		    # Radio buttons
+		    regexp {^(.*_)} $id uselessvar id
+		    set val $num
+		} else {
+		    # Text input fields
+		    set size [string length $pattern]
+		    set val [string range $arg [expr {$size-1}] end]
+		}
+		set newviewopts($n,$id) $val
+		set found($id) 1
+		break
+	    }
+	    if {[info exists val]} break
+	}
+	if {[info exists val]} continue
+	if {[regexp {^-} $arg]} {
+	    lappend oargs $arg
+	} else {
+	    lappend refargs $arg
+	}
+    }
+    set newviewopts($n,refs) [shellarglist $refargs]
+    set newviewopts($n,args) [shellarglist $oargs]
+}
+
+proc edit_or_newview {} {
+    global curview
+
+    if {$curview > 0} {
+	editview
+    } else {
+	newview 0
+    }
+}
+
+proc editview {} {
+    global curview
+    global viewname viewperm newviewname newviewopts
+    global viewargs viewargscmd
+
+    set top .gitkvedit-$curview
+    if {[winfo exists $top]} {
+	raise $top
+	return
+    }
+    set newviewname($curview)      $viewname($curview)
+    set newviewopts($curview,perm) $viewperm($curview)
+    set newviewopts($curview,cmd)  $viewargscmd($curview)
+    decode_view_opts $curview $viewargs($curview)
+    vieweditor $top $curview "[mc "Gitk: edit view"] $viewname($curview)"
+}
+
+proc vieweditor {top n title} {
+    global newviewname newviewopts viewfiles bgcolor
+    global known_view_options NS
+
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    wm title $top [concat $title [mc "-- criteria for selecting revisions"]]
+    make_transient $top .
+
+    # View name
+    ${NS}::frame $top.nfr
+    ${NS}::label $top.nl -text [mc "View Name"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.name -width 20 -textvariable newviewname($n)
+    pack $top.nfr -in $top -fill x -pady 5 -padx 3
+    pack $top.nl -in $top.nfr -side left -padx {0 5}
+    pack $top.name -in $top.nfr -side left -padx {0 25}
+
+    # View options
+    set cframe $top.nfr
+    set cexpand 0
+    set cnt 0
+    foreach opt $known_view_options {
+	set id [lindex $opt 0]
+	set type [lindex $opt 1]
+	set flags [lindex $opt 2]
+	set title [eval [lindex $opt 4]]
+	set lxpad 0
+
+	if {$flags eq "+" || $flags eq "*"} {
+	    set cframe $top.fr$cnt
+	    incr cnt
+	    ${NS}::frame $cframe
+	    pack $cframe -in $top -fill x -pady 3 -padx 3
+	    set cexpand [expr {$flags eq "*"}]
+        } elseif {$flags eq ".." || $flags eq "*."} {
+	    set cframe $top.fr$cnt
+	    incr cnt
+	    ${NS}::frame $cframe
+	    pack $cframe -in $top -fill x -pady 3 -padx [list 15 3]
+	    set cexpand [expr {$flags eq "*."}]
+	} else {
+	    set lxpad 5
+	}
+
+	if {$type eq "l"} {
+            ${NS}::label $cframe.l_$id -text $title
+            pack $cframe.l_$id -in $cframe -side left -pady [list 3 0] -anchor w
+	} elseif {$type eq "b"} {
+	    ${NS}::checkbutton $cframe.c_$id -text $title -variable newviewopts($n,$id)
+	    pack $cframe.c_$id -in $cframe -side left \
+		-padx [list $lxpad 0] -expand $cexpand -anchor w
+	} elseif {[regexp {^r(\d+)$} $type type sz]} {
+	    regexp {^(.*_)} $id uselessvar button_id
+	    ${NS}::radiobutton $cframe.c_$id -text $title -variable newviewopts($n,$button_id) -value $sz
+	    pack $cframe.c_$id -in $cframe -side left \
+		-padx [list $lxpad 0] -expand $cexpand -anchor w
+	} elseif {[regexp {^t(\d+)$} $type type sz]} {
+	    ${NS}::label $cframe.l_$id -text $title
+	    ${NS}::entry $cframe.e_$id -width $sz -background $bgcolor \
+		-textvariable newviewopts($n,$id)
+	    pack $cframe.l_$id -in $cframe -side left -padx [list $lxpad 0]
+	    pack $cframe.e_$id -in $cframe -side left -expand 1 -fill x
+	} elseif {[regexp {^t(\d+)=$} $type type sz]} {
+	    ${NS}::label $cframe.l_$id -text $title
+	    ${NS}::entry $cframe.e_$id -width $sz -background $bgcolor \
+		-textvariable newviewopts($n,$id)
+	    pack $cframe.l_$id -in $cframe -side top -pady [list 3 0] -anchor w
+	    pack $cframe.e_$id -in $cframe -side top -fill x
+	} elseif {$type eq "path"} {
+	    ${NS}::label $top.l -text $title
+	    pack $top.l -in $top -side top -pady [list 3 0] -anchor w -padx 3
+	    text $top.t -width 40 -height 5 -background $bgcolor -font uifont
+	    if {[info exists viewfiles($n)]} {
+		foreach f $viewfiles($n) {
+		    $top.t insert end $f
+		    $top.t insert end "\n"
+		}
+		$top.t delete {end - 1c} end
+		$top.t mark set insert 0.0
+	    }
+	    pack $top.t -in $top -side top -pady [list 0 5] -fill both -expand 1 -padx 3
+	}
+    }
+
+    ${NS}::frame $top.buts
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.ok -text [mc "OK"] -command [list newviewok $top $n]
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.apply -text [mc "Apply (F5)"] -command [list newviewok $top $n 1]
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command [list destroy $top]
+    bind $top <Control-Return> [list newviewok $top $n]
+    bind $top <F5> [list newviewok $top $n 1]
+    bind $top <Escape> [list destroy $top]
+    grid $top.buts.ok $top.buts.apply $top.buts.can
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 2 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    pack $top.buts -in $top -side top -fill x
+    focus $top.t
+}
+
+proc doviewmenu {m first cmd op argv} {
+    set nmenu [$m index end]
+    for {set i $first} {$i <= $nmenu} {incr i} {
+	if {[$m entrycget $i -command] eq $cmd} {
+	    eval $m $op $i $argv
+	    break
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc allviewmenus {n op args} {
+    # global viewhlmenu
+
+    doviewmenu .bar.view 5 [list showview $n] $op $args
+    # doviewmenu $viewhlmenu 1 [list addvhighlight $n] $op $args
+}
+
+proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
+    global nextviewnum newviewperm newviewname newishighlight
+    global viewname viewfiles viewperm selectedview curview
+    global viewargs viewargscmd newviewopts viewhlmenu
+
+    if {[catch {
+	set newargs [encode_view_opts $n]
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error in commit selection arguments:"] $err" $top
+	return
+    }
+    set files {}
+    foreach f [split [$top.t get 0.0 end] "\n"] {
+	set ft [string trim $f]
+	if {$ft ne {}} {
+	    lappend files $ft
+	}
+    }
+    if {![info exists viewfiles($n)]} {
+	# creating a new view
+	incr nextviewnum
+	set viewname($n) $newviewname($n)
+	set viewperm($n) $newviewopts($n,perm)
+	set viewfiles($n) $files
+	set viewargs($n) $newargs
+	set viewargscmd($n) $newviewopts($n,cmd)
+	addviewmenu $n
+	if {!$newishighlight} {
+	    run showview $n
+	} else {
+	    run addvhighlight $n
+	}
+    } else {
+	# editing an existing view
+	set viewperm($n) $newviewopts($n,perm)
+	if {$newviewname($n) ne $viewname($n)} {
+	    set viewname($n) $newviewname($n)
+	    doviewmenu .bar.view 5 [list showview $n] \
+		entryconf [list -label $viewname($n)]
+	    # doviewmenu $viewhlmenu 1 [list addvhighlight $n] \
+		# entryconf [list -label $viewname($n) -value $viewname($n)]
+	}
+	if {$files ne $viewfiles($n) || $newargs ne $viewargs($n) || \
+		$newviewopts($n,cmd) ne $viewargscmd($n)} {
+	    set viewfiles($n) $files
+	    set viewargs($n) $newargs
+	    set viewargscmd($n) $newviewopts($n,cmd)
+	    if {$curview == $n} {
+		run reloadcommits
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {$apply} return
+    catch {destroy $top}
+}
+
+proc delview {} {
+    global curview viewperm hlview selectedhlview
+
+    if {$curview == 0} return
+    if {[info exists hlview] && $hlview == $curview} {
+	set selectedhlview [mc "None"]
+	unset hlview
+    }
+    allviewmenus $curview delete
+    set viewperm($curview) 0
+    showview 0
+}
+
+proc addviewmenu {n} {
+    global viewname viewhlmenu
+
+    .bar.view add radiobutton -label $viewname($n) \
+	-command [list showview $n] -variable selectedview -value $n
+    #$viewhlmenu add radiobutton -label $viewname($n) \
+    #	-command [list addvhighlight $n] -variable selectedhlview
+}
+
+proc showview {n} {
+    global curview cached_commitrow ordertok
+    global displayorder parentlist rowidlist rowisopt rowfinal
+    global colormap rowtextx nextcolor canvxmax
+    global numcommits viewcomplete
+    global selectedline currentid canv canvy0
+    global treediffs
+    global pending_select mainheadid
+    global commitidx
+    global selectedview
+    global hlview selectedhlview commitinterest
+
+    if {$n == $curview} return
+    set selid {}
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    set span [$canv yview]
+    set ytop [expr {[lindex $span 0] * $ymax}]
+    set ybot [expr {[lindex $span 1] * $ymax}]
+    set yscreen [expr {($ybot - $ytop) / 2}]
+    if {$selectedline ne {}} {
+	set selid $currentid
+	set y [yc $selectedline]
+	if {$ytop < $y && $y < $ybot} {
+	    set yscreen [expr {$y - $ytop}]
+	}
+    } elseif {[info exists pending_select]} {
+	set selid $pending_select
+	unset pending_select
+    }
+    unselectline
+    normalline
+    catch {unset treediffs}
+    clear_display
+    if {[info exists hlview] && $hlview == $n} {
+	unset hlview
+	set selectedhlview [mc "None"]
+    }
+    catch {unset commitinterest}
+    catch {unset cached_commitrow}
+    catch {unset ordertok}
+
+    set curview $n
+    set selectedview $n
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Edit view..."] -state [expr {$n == 0? "disabled": "normal"}]
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Delete view"] -state [expr {$n == 0? "disabled": "normal"}]
+
+    run refill_reflist
+    if {![info exists viewcomplete($n)]} {
+	getcommits $selid
+	return
+    }
+
+    set displayorder {}
+    set parentlist {}
+    set rowidlist {}
+    set rowisopt {}
+    set rowfinal {}
+    set numcommits $commitidx($n)
+
+    catch {unset colormap}
+    catch {unset rowtextx}
+    set nextcolor 0
+    set canvxmax [$canv cget -width]
+    set curview $n
+    set row 0
+    setcanvscroll
+    set yf 0
+    set row {}
+    if {$selid ne {} && [commitinview $selid $n]} {
+	set row [rowofcommit $selid]
+	# try to get the selected row in the same position on the screen
+	set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+	set ytop [expr {[yc $row] - $yscreen}]
+	if {$ytop < 0} {
+	    set ytop 0
+	}
+	set yf [expr {$ytop * 1.0 / $ymax}]
+    }
+    allcanvs yview moveto $yf
+    drawvisible
+    if {$row ne {}} {
+	selectline $row 0
+    } elseif {!$viewcomplete($n)} {
+	reset_pending_select $selid
+    } else {
+	reset_pending_select {}
+
+	if {[commitinview $pending_select $curview]} {
+	    selectline [rowofcommit $pending_select] 1
+	} else {
+	    set row [first_real_row]
+	    if {$row < $numcommits} {
+		selectline $row 0
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {!$viewcomplete($n)} {
+	if {$numcommits == 0} {
+	    show_status [mc "Reading commits..."]
+	}
+    } elseif {$numcommits == 0} {
+	show_status [mc "No commits selected"]
+    }
+}
+
+# Stuff relating to the highlighting facility
+
+proc ishighlighted {id} {
+    global vhighlights fhighlights nhighlights rhighlights
+
+    if {[info exists nhighlights($id)] && $nhighlights($id) > 0} {
+	return $nhighlights($id)
+    }
+    if {[info exists vhighlights($id)] && $vhighlights($id) > 0} {
+	return $vhighlights($id)
+    }
+    if {[info exists fhighlights($id)] && $fhighlights($id) > 0} {
+	return $fhighlights($id)
+    }
+    if {[info exists rhighlights($id)] && $rhighlights($id) > 0} {
+	return $rhighlights($id)
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc bolden {id font} {
+    global canv linehtag currentid boldids need_redisplay markedid
+
+    # need_redisplay = 1 means the display is stale and about to be redrawn
+    if {$need_redisplay} return
+    lappend boldids $id
+    $canv itemconf $linehtag($id) -font $font
+    if {[info exists currentid] && $id eq $currentid} {
+	$canv delete secsel
+	set t [eval $canv create rect [$canv bbox $linehtag($id)] \
+		   -outline {{}} -tags secsel \
+		   -fill [$canv cget -selectbackground]]
+	$canv lower $t
+    }
+    if {[info exists markedid] && $id eq $markedid} {
+	make_idmark $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc bolden_name {id font} {
+    global canv2 linentag currentid boldnameids need_redisplay
+
+    if {$need_redisplay} return
+    lappend boldnameids $id
+    $canv2 itemconf $linentag($id) -font $font
+    if {[info exists currentid] && $id eq $currentid} {
+	$canv2 delete secsel
+	set t [eval $canv2 create rect [$canv2 bbox $linentag($id)] \
+		   -outline {{}} -tags secsel \
+		   -fill [$canv2 cget -selectbackground]]
+	$canv2 lower $t
+    }
+}
+
+proc unbolden {} {
+    global boldids
+
+    set stillbold {}
+    foreach id $boldids {
+	if {![ishighlighted $id]} {
+	    bolden $id mainfont
+	} else {
+	    lappend stillbold $id
+	}
+    }
+    set boldids $stillbold
+}
+
+proc addvhighlight {n} {
+    global hlview viewcomplete curview vhl_done commitidx
+
+    if {[info exists hlview]} {
+	delvhighlight
+    }
+    set hlview $n
+    if {$n != $curview && ![info exists viewcomplete($n)]} {
+	start_rev_list $n
+    }
+    set vhl_done $commitidx($hlview)
+    if {$vhl_done > 0} {
+	drawvisible
+    }
+}
+
+proc delvhighlight {} {
+    global hlview vhighlights
+
+    if {![info exists hlview]} return
+    unset hlview
+    catch {unset vhighlights}
+    unbolden
+}
+
+proc vhighlightmore {} {
+    global hlview vhl_done commitidx vhighlights curview
+
+    set max $commitidx($hlview)
+    set vr [visiblerows]
+    set r0 [lindex $vr 0]
+    set r1 [lindex $vr 1]
+    for {set i $vhl_done} {$i < $max} {incr i} {
+	set id [commitonrow $i $hlview]
+	if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
+	    set row [rowofcommit $id]
+	    if {$r0 <= $row && $row <= $r1} {
+		if {![highlighted $row]} {
+		    bolden $id mainfontbold
+		}
+		set vhighlights($id) 1
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set vhl_done $max
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc askvhighlight {row id} {
+    global hlview vhighlights iddrawn
+
+    if {[commitinview $id $hlview]} {
+	if {[info exists iddrawn($id)] && ![ishighlighted $id]} {
+	    bolden $id mainfontbold
+	}
+	set vhighlights($id) 1
+    } else {
+	set vhighlights($id) 0
+    }
+}
+
+proc hfiles_change {} {
+    global highlight_files filehighlight fhighlights fh_serial
+    global highlight_paths
+
+    if {[info exists filehighlight]} {
+	# delete previous highlights
+	catch {close $filehighlight}
+	unset filehighlight
+	catch {unset fhighlights}
+	unbolden
+	unhighlight_filelist
+    }
+    set highlight_paths {}
+    after cancel do_file_hl $fh_serial
+    incr fh_serial
+    if {$highlight_files ne {}} {
+	after 300 do_file_hl $fh_serial
+    }
+}
+
+proc gdttype_change {name ix op} {
+    global gdttype highlight_files findstring findpattern
+
+    stopfinding
+    if {$findstring ne {}} {
+	if {$gdttype eq [mc "containing:"]} {
+	    if {$highlight_files ne {}} {
+		set highlight_files {}
+		hfiles_change
+	    }
+	    findcom_change
+	} else {
+	    if {$findpattern ne {}} {
+		set findpattern {}
+		findcom_change
+	    }
+	    set highlight_files $findstring
+	    hfiles_change
+	}
+	drawvisible
+    }
+    # enable/disable findtype/findloc menus too
+}
+
+proc find_change {name ix op} {
+    global gdttype findstring highlight_files
+
+    stopfinding
+    if {$gdttype eq [mc "containing:"]} {
+	findcom_change
+    } else {
+	if {$highlight_files ne $findstring} {
+	    set highlight_files $findstring
+	    hfiles_change
+	}
+    }
+    drawvisible
+}
+
+proc findcom_change args {
+    global nhighlights boldnameids
+    global findpattern findtype findstring gdttype
+
+    stopfinding
+    # delete previous highlights, if any
+    foreach id $boldnameids {
+	bolden_name $id mainfont
+    }
+    set boldnameids {}
+    catch {unset nhighlights}
+    unbolden
+    unmarkmatches
+    if {$gdttype ne [mc "containing:"] || $findstring eq {}} {
+	set findpattern {}
+    } elseif {$findtype eq [mc "Regexp"]} {
+	set findpattern $findstring
+    } else {
+	set e [string map {"*" "\\*" "?" "\\?" "\[" "\\\[" "\\" "\\\\"} \
+		   $findstring]
+	set findpattern "*$e*"
+    }
+}
+
+proc makepatterns {l} {
+    set ret {}
+    foreach e $l {
+	set ee [string map {"*" "\\*" "?" "\\?" "\[" "\\\[" "\\" "\\\\"} $e]
+	if {[string index $ee end] eq "/"} {
+	    lappend ret "$ee*"
+	} else {
+	    lappend ret $ee
+	    lappend ret "$ee/*"
+	}
+    }
+    return $ret
+}
+
+proc do_file_hl {serial} {
+    global highlight_files filehighlight highlight_paths gdttype fhl_list
+
+    if {$gdttype eq [mc "touching paths:"]} {
+	if {[catch {set paths [shellsplit $highlight_files]}]} return
+	set highlight_paths [makepatterns $paths]
+	highlight_filelist
+	set gdtargs [concat -- $paths]
+    } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "adding/removing string:"]} {
+	set gdtargs [list "-S$highlight_files"]
+    } else {
+	# must be "containing:", i.e. we're searching commit info
+	return
+    }
+    set cmd [concat | git diff-tree -r -s --stdin $gdtargs]
+    set filehighlight [open $cmd r+]
+    fconfigure $filehighlight -blocking 0
+    filerun $filehighlight readfhighlight
+    set fhl_list {}
+    drawvisible
+    flushhighlights
+}
+
+proc flushhighlights {} {
+    global filehighlight fhl_list
+
+    if {[info exists filehighlight]} {
+	lappend fhl_list {}
+	puts $filehighlight ""
+	flush $filehighlight
+    }
+}
+
+proc askfilehighlight {row id} {
+    global filehighlight fhighlights fhl_list
+
+    lappend fhl_list $id
+    set fhighlights($id) -1
+    puts $filehighlight $id
+}
+
+proc readfhighlight {} {
+    global filehighlight fhighlights curview iddrawn
+    global fhl_list find_dirn
+
+    if {![info exists filehighlight]} {
+	return 0
+    }
+    set nr 0
+    while {[incr nr] <= 100 && [gets $filehighlight line] >= 0} {
+	set line [string trim $line]
+	set i [lsearch -exact $fhl_list $line]
+	if {$i < 0} continue
+	for {set j 0} {$j < $i} {incr j} {
+	    set id [lindex $fhl_list $j]
+	    set fhighlights($id) 0
+	}
+	set fhl_list [lrange $fhl_list [expr {$i+1}] end]
+	if {$line eq {}} continue
+	if {![commitinview $line $curview]} continue
+	if {[info exists iddrawn($line)] && ![ishighlighted $line]} {
+	    bolden $line mainfontbold
+	}
+	set fhighlights($line) 1
+    }
+    if {[eof $filehighlight]} {
+	# strange...
+	puts "oops, git diff-tree died"
+	catch {close $filehighlight}
+	unset filehighlight
+	return 0
+    }
+    if {[info exists find_dirn]} {
+	run findmore
+    }
+    return 1
+}
+
+proc doesmatch {f} {
+    global findtype findpattern
+
+    if {$findtype eq [mc "Regexp"]} {
+	return [regexp $findpattern $f]
+    } elseif {$findtype eq [mc "IgnCase"]} {
+	return [string match -nocase $findpattern $f]
+    } else {
+	return [string match $findpattern $f]
+    }
+}
+
+proc askfindhighlight {row id} {
+    global nhighlights commitinfo iddrawn
+    global findloc
+    global markingmatches
+
+    if {![info exists commitinfo($id)]} {
+	getcommit $id
+    }
+    set info $commitinfo($id)
+    set isbold 0
+    set fldtypes [list [mc Headline] [mc Author] [mc Date] [mc Committer] [mc CDate] [mc Comments]]
+    foreach f $info ty $fldtypes {
+	if {($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq $ty) &&
+	    [doesmatch $f]} {
+	    if {$ty eq [mc "Author"]} {
+		set isbold 2
+		break
+	    }
+	    set isbold 1
+	}
+    }
+    if {$isbold && [info exists iddrawn($id)]} {
+	if {![ishighlighted $id]} {
+	    bolden $id mainfontbold
+	    if {$isbold > 1} {
+		bolden_name $id mainfontbold
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$markingmatches} {
+	    markrowmatches $row $id
+	}
+    }
+    set nhighlights($id) $isbold
+}
+
+proc markrowmatches {row id} {
+    global canv canv2 linehtag linentag commitinfo findloc
+
+    set headline [lindex $commitinfo($id) 0]
+    set author [lindex $commitinfo($id) 1]
+    $canv delete match$row
+    $canv2 delete match$row
+    if {$findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq [mc "Headline"]} {
+	set m [findmatches $headline]
+	if {$m ne {}} {
+	    markmatches $canv $row $headline $linehtag($id) $m \
+		[$canv itemcget $linehtag($id) -font] $row
+	}
+    }
+    if {$findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq [mc "Author"]} {
+	set m [findmatches $author]
+	if {$m ne {}} {
+	    markmatches $canv2 $row $author $linentag($id) $m \
+		[$canv2 itemcget $linentag($id) -font] $row
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc vrel_change {name ix op} {
+    global highlight_related
+
+    rhighlight_none
+    if {$highlight_related ne [mc "None"]} {
+	run drawvisible
+    }
+}
+
+# prepare for testing whether commits are descendents or ancestors of a
+proc rhighlight_sel {a} {
+    global descendent desc_todo ancestor anc_todo
+    global highlight_related
+
+    catch {unset descendent}
+    set desc_todo [list $a]
+    catch {unset ancestor}
+    set anc_todo [list $a]
+    if {$highlight_related ne [mc "None"]} {
+	rhighlight_none
+	run drawvisible
+    }
+}
+
+proc rhighlight_none {} {
+    global rhighlights
+
+    catch {unset rhighlights}
+    unbolden
+}
+
+proc is_descendent {a} {
+    global curview children descendent desc_todo
+
+    set v $curview
+    set la [rowofcommit $a]
+    set todo $desc_todo
+    set leftover {}
+    set done 0
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $todo]} {incr i} {
+	set do [lindex $todo $i]
+	if {[rowofcommit $do] < $la} {
+	    lappend leftover $do
+	    continue
+	}
+	foreach nk $children($v,$do) {
+	    if {![info exists descendent($nk)]} {
+		set descendent($nk) 1
+		lappend todo $nk
+		if {$nk eq $a} {
+		    set done 1
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$done} {
+	    set desc_todo [concat $leftover [lrange $todo [expr {$i+1}] end]]
+	    return
+	}
+    }
+    set descendent($a) 0
+    set desc_todo $leftover
+}
+
+proc is_ancestor {a} {
+    global curview parents ancestor anc_todo
+
+    set v $curview
+    set la [rowofcommit $a]
+    set todo $anc_todo
+    set leftover {}
+    set done 0
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $todo]} {incr i} {
+	set do [lindex $todo $i]
+	if {![commitinview $do $v] || [rowofcommit $do] > $la} {
+	    lappend leftover $do
+	    continue
+	}
+	foreach np $parents($v,$do) {
+	    if {![info exists ancestor($np)]} {
+		set ancestor($np) 1
+		lappend todo $np
+		if {$np eq $a} {
+		    set done 1
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$done} {
+	    set anc_todo [concat $leftover [lrange $todo [expr {$i+1}] end]]
+	    return
+	}
+    }
+    set ancestor($a) 0
+    set anc_todo $leftover
+}
+
+proc askrelhighlight {row id} {
+    global descendent highlight_related iddrawn rhighlights
+    global selectedline ancestor
+
+    if {$selectedline eq {}} return
+    set isbold 0
+    if {$highlight_related eq [mc "Descendant"] ||
+	$highlight_related eq [mc "Not descendant"]} {
+	if {![info exists descendent($id)]} {
+	    is_descendent $id
+	}
+	if {$descendent($id) == ($highlight_related eq [mc "Descendant"])} {
+	    set isbold 1
+	}
+    } elseif {$highlight_related eq [mc "Ancestor"] ||
+	      $highlight_related eq [mc "Not ancestor"]} {
+	if {![info exists ancestor($id)]} {
+	    is_ancestor $id
+	}
+	if {$ancestor($id) == ($highlight_related eq [mc "Ancestor"])} {
+	    set isbold 1
+	}
+    }
+    if {[info exists iddrawn($id)]} {
+	if {$isbold && ![ishighlighted $id]} {
+	    bolden $id mainfontbold
+	}
+    }
+    set rhighlights($id) $isbold
+}
+
+# Graph layout functions
+
+proc shortids {ids} {
+    set res {}
+    foreach id $ids {
+	if {[llength $id] > 1} {
+	    lappend res [shortids $id]
+	} elseif {[regexp {^[0-9a-f]{40}$} $id]} {
+	    lappend res [string range $id 0 7]
+	} else {
+	    lappend res $id
+	}
+    }
+    return $res
+}
+
+proc ntimes {n o} {
+    set ret {}
+    set o [list $o]
+    for {set mask 1} {$mask <= $n} {incr mask $mask} {
+	if {($n & $mask) != 0} {
+	    set ret [concat $ret $o]
+	}
+	set o [concat $o $o]
+    }
+    return $ret
+}
+
+proc ordertoken {id} {
+    global ordertok curview varcid varcstart varctok curview parents children
+    global nullid nullid2
+
+    if {[info exists ordertok($id)]} {
+	return $ordertok($id)
+    }
+    set origid $id
+    set todo {}
+    while {1} {
+	if {[info exists varcid($curview,$id)]} {
+	    set a $varcid($curview,$id)
+	    set p [lindex $varcstart($curview) $a]
+	} else {
+	    set p [lindex $children($curview,$id) 0]
+	}
+	if {[info exists ordertok($p)]} {
+	    set tok $ordertok($p)
+	    break
+	}
+	set id [first_real_child $curview,$p]
+	if {$id eq {}} {
+	    # it's a root
+	    set tok [lindex $varctok($curview) $varcid($curview,$p)]
+	    break
+	}
+	if {[llength $parents($curview,$id)] == 1} {
+	    lappend todo [list $p {}]
+	} else {
+	    set j [lsearch -exact $parents($curview,$id) $p]
+	    if {$j < 0} {
+		puts "oops didn't find [shortids $p] in parents of [shortids $id]"
+	    }
+	    lappend todo [list $p [strrep $j]]
+	}
+    }
+    for {set i [llength $todo]} {[incr i -1] >= 0} {} {
+	set p [lindex $todo $i 0]
+	append tok [lindex $todo $i 1]
+	set ordertok($p) $tok
+    }
+    set ordertok($origid) $tok
+    return $tok
+}
+
+# Work out where id should go in idlist so that order-token
+# values increase from left to right
+proc idcol {idlist id {i 0}} {
+    set t [ordertoken $id]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	set i 0
+    }
+    if {$i >= [llength $idlist] || $t < [ordertoken [lindex $idlist $i]]} {
+	if {$i > [llength $idlist]} {
+	    set i [llength $idlist]
+	}
+	while {[incr i -1] >= 0 && $t < [ordertoken [lindex $idlist $i]]} {}
+	incr i
+    } else {
+	if {$t > [ordertoken [lindex $idlist $i]]} {
+	    while {[incr i] < [llength $idlist] &&
+		   $t >= [ordertoken [lindex $idlist $i]]} {}
+	}
+    }
+    return $i
+}
+
+proc initlayout {} {
+    global rowidlist rowisopt rowfinal displayorder parentlist
+    global numcommits canvxmax canv
+    global nextcolor
+    global colormap rowtextx
+
+    set numcommits 0
+    set displayorder {}
+    set parentlist {}
+    set nextcolor 0
+    set rowidlist {}
+    set rowisopt {}
+    set rowfinal {}
+    set canvxmax [$canv cget -width]
+    catch {unset colormap}
+    catch {unset rowtextx}
+    setcanvscroll
+}
+
+proc setcanvscroll {} {
+    global canv canv2 canv3 numcommits linespc canvxmax canvy0
+    global lastscrollset lastscrollrows
+
+    set ymax [expr {$canvy0 + ($numcommits - 0.5) * $linespc + 2}]
+    $canv conf -scrollregion [list 0 0 $canvxmax $ymax]
+    $canv2 conf -scrollregion [list 0 0 0 $ymax]
+    $canv3 conf -scrollregion [list 0 0 0 $ymax]
+    set lastscrollset [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set lastscrollrows $numcommits
+}
+
+proc visiblerows {} {
+    global canv numcommits linespc
+
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    if {$ymax eq {} || $ymax == 0} return
+    set f [$canv yview]
+    set y0 [expr {int([lindex $f 0] * $ymax)}]
+    set r0 [expr {int(($y0 - 3) / $linespc) - 1}]
+    if {$r0 < 0} {
+	set r0 0
+    }
+    set y1 [expr {int([lindex $f 1] * $ymax)}]
+    set r1 [expr {int(($y1 - 3) / $linespc) + 1}]
+    if {$r1 >= $numcommits} {
+	set r1 [expr {$numcommits - 1}]
+    }
+    return [list $r0 $r1]
+}
+
+proc layoutmore {} {
+    global commitidx viewcomplete curview
+    global numcommits pending_select curview
+    global lastscrollset lastscrollrows
+
+    if {$lastscrollrows < 100 || $viewcomplete($curview) ||
+	[clock clicks -milliseconds] - $lastscrollset > 500} {
+	setcanvscroll
+    }
+    if {[info exists pending_select] &&
+	[commitinview $pending_select $curview]} {
+	update
+	selectline [rowofcommit $pending_select] 1
+    }
+    drawvisible
+}
+
+# With path limiting, we mightn't get the actual HEAD commit,
+# so ask git rev-list what is the first ancestor of HEAD that
+# touches a file in the path limit.
+proc get_viewmainhead {view} {
+    global viewmainheadid vfilelimit viewinstances mainheadid
+
+    catch {
+	set rfd [open [concat | git rev-list -1 $mainheadid \
+			   -- $vfilelimit($view)] r]
+	set j [reg_instance $rfd]
+	lappend viewinstances($view) $j
+	fconfigure $rfd -blocking 0
+	filerun $rfd [list getviewhead $rfd $j $view]
+	set viewmainheadid($curview) {}
+    }
+}
+
+# git rev-list should give us just 1 line to use as viewmainheadid($view)
+proc getviewhead {fd inst view} {
+    global viewmainheadid commfd curview viewinstances showlocalchanges
+
+    set id {}
+    if {[gets $fd line] < 0} {
+	if {![eof $fd]} {
+	    return 1
+	}
+    } elseif {[string length $line] == 40 && [string is xdigit $line]} {
+	set id $line
+    }
+    set viewmainheadid($view) $id
+    close $fd
+    unset commfd($inst)
+    set i [lsearch -exact $viewinstances($view) $inst]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	set viewinstances($view) [lreplace $viewinstances($view) $i $i]
+    }
+    if {$showlocalchanges && $id ne {} && $view == $curview} {
+	doshowlocalchanges
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc doshowlocalchanges {} {
+    global curview viewmainheadid
+
+    if {$viewmainheadid($curview) eq {}} return
+    if {[commitinview $viewmainheadid($curview) $curview]} {
+	dodiffindex
+    } else {
+	interestedin $viewmainheadid($curview) dodiffindex
+    }
+}
+
+proc dohidelocalchanges {} {
+    global nullid nullid2 lserial curview
+
+    if {[commitinview $nullid $curview]} {
+	removefakerow $nullid
+    }
+    if {[commitinview $nullid2 $curview]} {
+	removefakerow $nullid2
+    }
+    incr lserial
+}
+
+# spawn off a process to do git diff-index --cached HEAD
+proc dodiffindex {} {
+    global lserial showlocalchanges vfilelimit curview
+    global isworktree
+
+    if {!$showlocalchanges || !$isworktree} return
+    incr lserial
+    set cmd "|git diff-index --cached HEAD"
+    if {$vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    set fd [open $cmd r]
+    fconfigure $fd -blocking 0
+    set i [reg_instance $fd]
+    filerun $fd [list readdiffindex $fd $lserial $i]
+}
+
+proc readdiffindex {fd serial inst} {
+    global viewmainheadid nullid nullid2 curview commitinfo commitdata lserial
+    global vfilelimit
+
+    set isdiff 1
+    if {[gets $fd line] < 0} {
+	if {![eof $fd]} {
+	    return 1
+	}
+	set isdiff 0
+    }
+    # we only need to see one line and we don't really care what it says...
+    stop_instance $inst
+
+    if {$serial != $lserial} {
+	return 0
+    }
+
+    # now see if there are any local changes not checked in to the index
+    set cmd "|git diff-files"
+    if {$vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    set fd [open $cmd r]
+    fconfigure $fd -blocking 0
+    set i [reg_instance $fd]
+    filerun $fd [list readdifffiles $fd $serial $i]
+
+    if {$isdiff && ![commitinview $nullid2 $curview]} {
+	# add the line for the changes in the index to the graph
+	set hl [mc "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"]
+	set commitinfo($nullid2) [list  $hl {} {} {} {} "    $hl\n"]
+	set commitdata($nullid2) "\n    $hl\n"
+	if {[commitinview $nullid $curview]} {
+	    removefakerow $nullid
+	}
+	insertfakerow $nullid2 $viewmainheadid($curview)
+    } elseif {!$isdiff && [commitinview $nullid2 $curview]} {
+	if {[commitinview $nullid $curview]} {
+	    removefakerow $nullid
+	}
+	removefakerow $nullid2
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc readdifffiles {fd serial inst} {
+    global viewmainheadid nullid nullid2 curview
+    global commitinfo commitdata lserial
+
+    set isdiff 1
+    if {[gets $fd line] < 0} {
+	if {![eof $fd]} {
+	    return 1
+	}
+	set isdiff 0
+    }
+    # we only need to see one line and we don't really care what it says...
+    stop_instance $inst
+
+    if {$serial != $lserial} {
+	return 0
+    }
+
+    if {$isdiff && ![commitinview $nullid $curview]} {
+	# add the line for the local diff to the graph
+	set hl [mc "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"]
+	set commitinfo($nullid) [list  $hl {} {} {} {} "    $hl\n"]
+	set commitdata($nullid) "\n    $hl\n"
+	if {[commitinview $nullid2 $curview]} {
+	    set p $nullid2
+	} else {
+	    set p $viewmainheadid($curview)
+	}
+	insertfakerow $nullid $p
+    } elseif {!$isdiff && [commitinview $nullid $curview]} {
+	removefakerow $nullid
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc nextuse {id row} {
+    global curview children
+
+    if {[info exists children($curview,$id)]} {
+	foreach kid $children($curview,$id) {
+	    if {![commitinview $kid $curview]} {
+		return -1
+	    }
+	    if {[rowofcommit $kid] > $row} {
+		return [rowofcommit $kid]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
+	return [rowofcommit $id]
+    }
+    return -1
+}
+
+proc prevuse {id row} {
+    global curview children
+
+    set ret -1
+    if {[info exists children($curview,$id)]} {
+	foreach kid $children($curview,$id) {
+	    if {![commitinview $kid $curview]} break
+	    if {[rowofcommit $kid] < $row} {
+		set ret [rowofcommit $kid]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return $ret
+}
+
+proc make_idlist {row} {
+    global displayorder parentlist uparrowlen downarrowlen mingaplen
+    global commitidx curview children
+
+    set r [expr {$row - $mingaplen - $downarrowlen - 1}]
+    if {$r < 0} {
+	set r 0
+    }
+    set ra [expr {$row - $downarrowlen}]
+    if {$ra < 0} {
+	set ra 0
+    }
+    set rb [expr {$row + $uparrowlen}]
+    if {$rb > $commitidx($curview)} {
+	set rb $commitidx($curview)
+    }
+    make_disporder $r [expr {$rb + 1}]
+    set ids {}
+    for {} {$r < $ra} {incr r} {
+	set nextid [lindex $displayorder [expr {$r + 1}]]
+	foreach p [lindex $parentlist $r] {
+	    if {$p eq $nextid} continue
+	    set rn [nextuse $p $r]
+	    if {$rn >= $row &&
+		$rn <= $r + $downarrowlen + $mingaplen + $uparrowlen} {
+		lappend ids [list [ordertoken $p] $p]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    for {} {$r < $row} {incr r} {
+	set nextid [lindex $displayorder [expr {$r + 1}]]
+	foreach p [lindex $parentlist $r] {
+	    if {$p eq $nextid} continue
+	    set rn [nextuse $p $r]
+	    if {$rn < 0 || $rn >= $row} {
+		lappend ids [list [ordertoken $p] $p]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set id [lindex $displayorder $row]
+    lappend ids [list [ordertoken $id] $id]
+    while {$r < $rb} {
+	foreach p [lindex $parentlist $r] {
+	    set firstkid [lindex $children($curview,$p) 0]
+	    if {[rowofcommit $firstkid] < $row} {
+		lappend ids [list [ordertoken $p] $p]
+	    }
+	}
+	incr r
+	set id [lindex $displayorder $r]
+	if {$id ne {}} {
+	    set firstkid [lindex $children($curview,$id) 0]
+	    if {$firstkid ne {} && [rowofcommit $firstkid] < $row} {
+		lappend ids [list [ordertoken $id] $id]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set idlist {}
+    foreach idx [lsort -unique $ids] {
+	lappend idlist [lindex $idx 1]
+    }
+    return $idlist
+}
+
+proc rowsequal {a b} {
+    while {[set i [lsearch -exact $a {}]] >= 0} {
+	set a [lreplace $a $i $i]
+    }
+    while {[set i [lsearch -exact $b {}]] >= 0} {
+	set b [lreplace $b $i $i]
+    }
+    return [expr {$a eq $b}]
+}
+
+proc makeupline {id row rend col} {
+    global rowidlist uparrowlen downarrowlen mingaplen
+
+    for {set r $rend} {1} {set r $rstart} {
+	set rstart [prevuse $id $r]
+	if {$rstart < 0} return
+	if {$rstart < $row} break
+    }
+    if {$rstart + $uparrowlen + $mingaplen + $downarrowlen < $rend} {
+	set rstart [expr {$rend - $uparrowlen - 1}]
+    }
+    for {set r $rstart} {[incr r] <= $row} {} {
+	set idlist [lindex $rowidlist $r]
+	if {$idlist ne {} && [lsearch -exact $idlist $id] < 0} {
+	    set col [idcol $idlist $id $col]
+	    lset rowidlist $r [linsert $idlist $col $id]
+	    changedrow $r
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc layoutrows {row endrow} {
+    global rowidlist rowisopt rowfinal displayorder
+    global uparrowlen downarrowlen maxwidth mingaplen
+    global children parentlist
+    global commitidx viewcomplete curview
+
+    make_disporder [expr {$row - 1}] [expr {$endrow + $uparrowlen}]
+    set idlist {}
+    if {$row > 0} {
+	set rm1 [expr {$row - 1}]
+	foreach id [lindex $rowidlist $rm1] {
+	    if {$id ne {}} {
+		lappend idlist $id
+	    }
+	}
+	set final [lindex $rowfinal $rm1]
+    }
+    for {} {$row < $endrow} {incr row} {
+	set rm1 [expr {$row - 1}]
+	if {$rm1 < 0 || $idlist eq {}} {
+	    set idlist [make_idlist $row]
+	    set final 1
+	} else {
+	    set id [lindex $displayorder $rm1]
+	    set col [lsearch -exact $idlist $id]
+	    set idlist [lreplace $idlist $col $col]
+	    foreach p [lindex $parentlist $rm1] {
+		if {[lsearch -exact $idlist $p] < 0} {
+		    set col [idcol $idlist $p $col]
+		    set idlist [linsert $idlist $col $p]
+		    # if not the first child, we have to insert a line going up
+		    if {$id ne [lindex $children($curview,$p) 0]} {
+			makeupline $p $rm1 $row $col
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    set id [lindex $displayorder $row]
+	    if {$row > $downarrowlen} {
+		set termrow [expr {$row - $downarrowlen - 1}]
+		foreach p [lindex $parentlist $termrow] {
+		    set i [lsearch -exact $idlist $p]
+		    if {$i < 0} continue
+		    set nr [nextuse $p $termrow]
+		    if {$nr < 0 || $nr >= $row + $mingaplen + $uparrowlen} {
+			set idlist [lreplace $idlist $i $i]
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    set col [lsearch -exact $idlist $id]
+	    if {$col < 0} {
+		set col [idcol $idlist $id]
+		set idlist [linsert $idlist $col $id]
+		if {$children($curview,$id) ne {}} {
+		    makeupline $id $rm1 $row $col
+		}
+	    }
+	    set r [expr {$row + $uparrowlen - 1}]
+	    if {$r < $commitidx($curview)} {
+		set x $col
+		foreach p [lindex $parentlist $r] {
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $idlist $p] >= 0} continue
+		    set fk [lindex $children($curview,$p) 0]
+		    if {[rowofcommit $fk] < $row} {
+			set x [idcol $idlist $p $x]
+			set idlist [linsert $idlist $x $p]
+		    }
+		}
+		if {[incr r] < $commitidx($curview)} {
+		    set p [lindex $displayorder $r]
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $idlist $p] < 0} {
+			set fk [lindex $children($curview,$p) 0]
+			if {$fk ne {} && [rowofcommit $fk] < $row} {
+			    set x [idcol $idlist $p $x]
+			    set idlist [linsert $idlist $x $p]
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$final && !$viewcomplete($curview) &&
+	    $row + $uparrowlen + $mingaplen + $downarrowlen
+		>= $commitidx($curview)} {
+	    set final 0
+	}
+	set l [llength $rowidlist]
+	if {$row == $l} {
+	    lappend rowidlist $idlist
+	    lappend rowisopt 0
+	    lappend rowfinal $final
+	} elseif {$row < $l} {
+	    if {![rowsequal $idlist [lindex $rowidlist $row]]} {
+		lset rowidlist $row $idlist
+		changedrow $row
+	    }
+	    lset rowfinal $row $final
+	} else {
+	    set pad [ntimes [expr {$row - $l}] {}]
+	    set rowidlist [concat $rowidlist $pad]
+	    lappend rowidlist $idlist
+	    set rowfinal [concat $rowfinal $pad]
+	    lappend rowfinal $final
+	    set rowisopt [concat $rowisopt [ntimes [expr {$row - $l + 1}] 0]]
+	}
+    }
+    return $row
+}
+
+proc changedrow {row} {
+    global displayorder iddrawn rowisopt need_redisplay
+
+    set l [llength $rowisopt]
+    if {$row < $l} {
+	lset rowisopt $row 0
+	if {$row + 1 < $l} {
+	    lset rowisopt [expr {$row + 1}] 0
+	    if {$row + 2 < $l} {
+		lset rowisopt [expr {$row + 2}] 0
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set id [lindex $displayorder $row]
+    if {[info exists iddrawn($id)]} {
+	set need_redisplay 1
+    }
+}
+
+proc insert_pad {row col npad} {
+    global rowidlist
+
+    set pad [ntimes $npad {}]
+    set idlist [lindex $rowidlist $row]
+    set bef [lrange $idlist 0 [expr {$col - 1}]]
+    set aft [lrange $idlist $col end]
+    set i [lsearch -exact $aft {}]
+    if {$i > 0} {
+	set aft [lreplace $aft $i $i]
+    }
+    lset rowidlist $row [concat $bef $pad $aft]
+    changedrow $row
+}
+
+proc optimize_rows {row col endrow} {
+    global rowidlist rowisopt displayorder curview children
+
+    if {$row < 1} {
+	set row 1
+    }
+    for {} {$row < $endrow} {incr row; set col 0} {
+	if {[lindex $rowisopt $row]} continue
+	set haspad 0
+	set y0 [expr {$row - 1}]
+	set ym [expr {$row - 2}]
+	set idlist [lindex $rowidlist $row]
+	set previdlist [lindex $rowidlist $y0]
+	if {$idlist eq {} || $previdlist eq {}} continue
+	if {$ym >= 0} {
+	    set pprevidlist [lindex $rowidlist $ym]
+	    if {$pprevidlist eq {}} continue
+	} else {
+	    set pprevidlist {}
+	}
+	set x0 -1
+	set xm -1
+	for {} {$col < [llength $idlist]} {incr col} {
+	    set id [lindex $idlist $col]
+	    if {[lindex $previdlist $col] eq $id} continue
+	    if {$id eq {}} {
+		set haspad 1
+		continue
+	    }
+	    set x0 [lsearch -exact $previdlist $id]
+	    if {$x0 < 0} continue
+	    set z [expr {$x0 - $col}]
+	    set isarrow 0
+	    set z0 {}
+	    if {$ym >= 0} {
+		set xm [lsearch -exact $pprevidlist $id]
+		if {$xm >= 0} {
+		    set z0 [expr {$xm - $x0}]
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {$z0 eq {}} {
+		# if row y0 is the first child of $id then it's not an arrow
+		if {[lindex $children($curview,$id) 0] ne
+		    [lindex $displayorder $y0]} {
+		    set isarrow 1
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {!$isarrow && $id ne [lindex $displayorder $row] &&
+		[lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist [expr {$row+1}]] $id] < 0} {
+		set isarrow 1
+	    }
+	    # Looking at lines from this row to the previous row,
+	    # make them go straight up if they end in an arrow on
+	    # the previous row; otherwise make them go straight up
+	    # or at 45 degrees.
+	    if {$z < -1 || ($z < 0 && $isarrow)} {
+		# Line currently goes left too much;
+		# insert pads in the previous row, then optimize it
+		set npad [expr {-1 - $z + $isarrow}]
+		insert_pad $y0 $x0 $npad
+		if {$y0 > 0} {
+		    optimize_rows $y0 $x0 $row
+		}
+		set previdlist [lindex $rowidlist $y0]
+		set x0 [lsearch -exact $previdlist $id]
+		set z [expr {$x0 - $col}]
+		if {$z0 ne {}} {
+		    set pprevidlist [lindex $rowidlist $ym]
+		    set xm [lsearch -exact $pprevidlist $id]
+		    set z0 [expr {$xm - $x0}]
+		}
+	    } elseif {$z > 1 || ($z > 0 && $isarrow)} {
+		# Line currently goes right too much;
+		# insert pads in this line
+		set npad [expr {$z - 1 + $isarrow}]
+		insert_pad $row $col $npad
+		set idlist [lindex $rowidlist $row]
+		incr col $npad
+		set z [expr {$x0 - $col}]
+		set haspad 1
+	    }
+	    if {$z0 eq {} && !$isarrow && $ym >= 0} {
+		# this line links to its first child on row $row-2
+		set id [lindex $displayorder $ym]
+		set xc [lsearch -exact $pprevidlist $id]
+		if {$xc >= 0} {
+		    set z0 [expr {$xc - $x0}]
+		}
+	    }
+	    # avoid lines jigging left then immediately right
+	    if {$z0 ne {} && $z < 0 && $z0 > 0} {
+		insert_pad $y0 $x0 1
+		incr x0
+		optimize_rows $y0 $x0 $row
+		set previdlist [lindex $rowidlist $y0]
+	    }
+	}
+	if {!$haspad} {
+	    # Find the first column that doesn't have a line going right
+	    for {set col [llength $idlist]} {[incr col -1] >= 0} {} {
+		set id [lindex $idlist $col]
+		if {$id eq {}} break
+		set x0 [lsearch -exact $previdlist $id]
+		if {$x0 < 0} {
+		    # check if this is the link to the first child
+		    set kid [lindex $displayorder $y0]
+		    if {[lindex $children($curview,$id) 0] eq $kid} {
+			# it is, work out offset to child
+			set x0 [lsearch -exact $previdlist $kid]
+		    }
+		}
+		if {$x0 <= $col} break
+	    }
+	    # Insert a pad at that column as long as it has a line and
+	    # isn't the last column
+	    if {$x0 >= 0 && [incr col] < [llength $idlist]} {
+		set idlist [linsert $idlist $col {}]
+		lset rowidlist $row $idlist
+		changedrow $row
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc xc {row col} {
+    global canvx0 linespc
+    return [expr {$canvx0 + $col * $linespc}]
+}
+
+proc yc {row} {
+    global canvy0 linespc
+    return [expr {$canvy0 + $row * $linespc}]
+}
+
+proc linewidth {id} {
+    global thickerline lthickness
+
+    set wid $lthickness
+    if {[info exists thickerline] && $id eq $thickerline} {
+	set wid [expr {2 * $lthickness}]
+    }
+    return $wid
+}
+
+proc rowranges {id} {
+    global curview children uparrowlen downarrowlen
+    global rowidlist
+
+    set kids $children($curview,$id)
+    if {$kids eq {}} {
+	return {}
+    }
+    set ret {}
+    lappend kids $id
+    foreach child $kids {
+	if {![commitinview $child $curview]} break
+	set row [rowofcommit $child]
+	if {![info exists prev]} {
+	    lappend ret [expr {$row + 1}]
+	} else {
+	    if {$row <= $prevrow} {
+		puts "oops children of [shortids $id] out of order [shortids $child] $row <= [shortids $prev] $prevrow"
+	    }
+	    # see if the line extends the whole way from prevrow to row
+	    if {$row > $prevrow + $uparrowlen + $downarrowlen &&
+		[lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist \
+			    [expr {int(($row + $prevrow) / 2)}]] $id] < 0} {
+		# it doesn't, see where it ends
+		set r [expr {$prevrow + $downarrowlen}]
+		if {[lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $r] $id] < 0} {
+		    while {[incr r -1] > $prevrow &&
+			   [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $r] $id] < 0} {}
+		} else {
+		    while {[incr r] <= $row &&
+			   [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $r] $id] >= 0} {}
+		    incr r -1
+		}
+		lappend ret $r
+		# see where it starts up again
+		set r [expr {$row - $uparrowlen}]
+		if {[lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $r] $id] < 0} {
+		    while {[incr r] < $row &&
+			   [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $r] $id] < 0} {}
+		} else {
+		    while {[incr r -1] >= $prevrow &&
+			   [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $r] $id] >= 0} {}
+		    incr r
+		}
+		lappend ret $r
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$child eq $id} {
+	    lappend ret $row
+	}
+	set prev $child
+	set prevrow $row
+    }
+    return $ret
+}
+
+proc drawlineseg {id row endrow arrowlow} {
+    global rowidlist displayorder iddrawn linesegs
+    global canv colormap linespc curview maxlinelen parentlist
+
+    set cols [list [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $row] $id]]
+    set le [expr {$row + 1}]
+    set arrowhigh 1
+    while {1} {
+	set c [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $le] $id]
+	if {$c < 0} {
+	    incr le -1
+	    break
+	}
+	lappend cols $c
+	set x [lindex $displayorder $le]
+	if {$x eq $id} {
+	    set arrowhigh 0
+	    break
+	}
+	if {[info exists iddrawn($x)] || $le == $endrow} {
+	    set c [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist [expr {$le+1}]] $id]
+	    if {$c >= 0} {
+		lappend cols $c
+		set arrowhigh 0
+	    }
+	    break
+	}
+	incr le
+    }
+    if {$le <= $row} {
+	return $row
+    }
+
+    set lines {}
+    set i 0
+    set joinhigh 0
+    if {[info exists linesegs($id)]} {
+	set lines $linesegs($id)
+	foreach li $lines {
+	    set r0 [lindex $li 0]
+	    if {$r0 > $row} {
+		if {$r0 == $le && [lindex $li 1] - $row <= $maxlinelen} {
+		    set joinhigh 1
+		}
+		break
+	    }
+	    incr i
+	}
+    }
+    set joinlow 0
+    if {$i > 0} {
+	set li [lindex $lines [expr {$i-1}]]
+	set r1 [lindex $li 1]
+	if {$r1 == $row && $le - [lindex $li 0] <= $maxlinelen} {
+	    set joinlow 1
+	}
+    }
+
+    set x [lindex $cols [expr {$le - $row}]]
+    set xp [lindex $cols [expr {$le - 1 - $row}]]
+    set dir [expr {$xp - $x}]
+    if {$joinhigh} {
+	set ith [lindex $lines $i 2]
+	set coords [$canv coords $ith]
+	set ah [$canv itemcget $ith -arrow]
+	set arrowhigh [expr {$ah eq "first" || $ah eq "both"}]
+	set x2 [lindex $cols [expr {$le + 1 - $row}]]
+	if {$x2 ne {} && $x - $x2 == $dir} {
+	    set coords [lrange $coords 0 end-2]
+	}
+    } else {
+	set coords [list [xc $le $x] [yc $le]]
+    }
+    if {$joinlow} {
+	set itl [lindex $lines [expr {$i-1}] 2]
+	set al [$canv itemcget $itl -arrow]
+	set arrowlow [expr {$al eq "last" || $al eq "both"}]
+    } elseif {$arrowlow} {
+	if {[lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist [expr {$row-1}]] $id] >= 0 ||
+	    [lsearch -exact [lindex $parentlist [expr {$row-1}]] $id] >= 0} {
+	    set arrowlow 0
+	}
+    }
+    set arrow [lindex {none first last both} [expr {$arrowhigh + 2*$arrowlow}]]
+    for {set y $le} {[incr y -1] > $row} {} {
+	set x $xp
+	set xp [lindex $cols [expr {$y - 1 - $row}]]
+	set ndir [expr {$xp - $x}]
+	if {$dir != $ndir || $xp < 0} {
+	    lappend coords [xc $y $x] [yc $y]
+	}
+	set dir $ndir
+    }
+    if {!$joinlow} {
+	if {$xp < 0} {
+	    # join parent line to first child
+	    set ch [lindex $displayorder $row]
+	    set xc [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $row] $ch]
+	    if {$xc < 0} {
+		puts "oops: drawlineseg: child $ch not on row $row"
+	    } elseif {$xc != $x} {
+		if {($arrowhigh && $le == $row + 1) || $dir == 0} {
+		    set d [expr {int(0.5 * $linespc)}]
+		    set x1 [xc $row $x]
+		    if {$xc < $x} {
+			set x2 [expr {$x1 - $d}]
+		    } else {
+			set x2 [expr {$x1 + $d}]
+		    }
+		    set y2 [yc $row]
+		    set y1 [expr {$y2 + $d}]
+		    lappend coords $x1 $y1 $x2 $y2
+		} elseif {$xc < $x - 1} {
+		    lappend coords [xc $row [expr {$x-1}]] [yc $row]
+		} elseif {$xc > $x + 1} {
+		    lappend coords [xc $row [expr {$x+1}]] [yc $row]
+		}
+		set x $xc
+	    }
+	    lappend coords [xc $row $x] [yc $row]
+	} else {
+	    set xn [xc $row $xp]
+	    set yn [yc $row]
+	    lappend coords $xn $yn
+	}
+	if {!$joinhigh} {
+	    assigncolor $id
+	    set t [$canv create line $coords -width [linewidth $id] \
+		       -fill $colormap($id) -tags lines.$id -arrow $arrow]
+	    $canv lower $t
+	    bindline $t $id
+	    set lines [linsert $lines $i [list $row $le $t]]
+	} else {
+	    $canv coords $ith $coords
+	    if {$arrow ne $ah} {
+		$canv itemconf $ith -arrow $arrow
+	    }
+	    lset lines $i 0 $row
+	}
+    } else {
+	set xo [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist [expr {$row - 1}]] $id]
+	set ndir [expr {$xo - $xp}]
+	set clow [$canv coords $itl]
+	if {$dir == $ndir} {
+	    set clow [lrange $clow 2 end]
+	}
+	set coords [concat $coords $clow]
+	if {!$joinhigh} {
+	    lset lines [expr {$i-1}] 1 $le
+	} else {
+	    # coalesce two pieces
+	    $canv delete $ith
+	    set b [lindex $lines [expr {$i-1}] 0]
+	    set e [lindex $lines $i 1]
+	    set lines [lreplace $lines [expr {$i-1}] $i [list $b $e $itl]]
+	}
+	$canv coords $itl $coords
+	if {$arrow ne $al} {
+	    $canv itemconf $itl -arrow $arrow
+	}
+    }
+
+    set linesegs($id) $lines
+    return $le
+}
+
+proc drawparentlinks {id row} {
+    global rowidlist canv colormap curview parentlist
+    global idpos linespc
+
+    set rowids [lindex $rowidlist $row]
+    set col [lsearch -exact $rowids $id]
+    if {$col < 0} return
+    set olds [lindex $parentlist $row]
+    set row2 [expr {$row + 1}]
+    set x [xc $row $col]
+    set y [yc $row]
+    set y2 [yc $row2]
+    set d [expr {int(0.5 * $linespc)}]
+    set ymid [expr {$y + $d}]
+    set ids [lindex $rowidlist $row2]
+    # rmx = right-most X coord used
+    set rmx 0
+    foreach p $olds {
+	set i [lsearch -exact $ids $p]
+	if {$i < 0} {
+	    puts "oops, parent $p of $id not in list"
+	    continue
+	}
+	set x2 [xc $row2 $i]
+	if {$x2 > $rmx} {
+	    set rmx $x2
+	}
+	set j [lsearch -exact $rowids $p]
+	if {$j < 0} {
+	    # drawlineseg will do this one for us
+	    continue
+	}
+	assigncolor $p
+	# should handle duplicated parents here...
+	set coords [list $x $y]
+	if {$i != $col} {
+	    # if attaching to a vertical segment, draw a smaller
+	    # slant for visual distinctness
+	    if {$i == $j} {
+		if {$i < $col} {
+		    lappend coords [expr {$x2 + $d}] $y $x2 $ymid
+		} else {
+		    lappend coords [expr {$x2 - $d}] $y $x2 $ymid
+		}
+	    } elseif {$i < $col && $i < $j} {
+		# segment slants towards us already
+		lappend coords [xc $row $j] $y
+	    } else {
+		if {$i < $col - 1} {
+		    lappend coords [expr {$x2 + $linespc}] $y
+		} elseif {$i > $col + 1} {
+		    lappend coords [expr {$x2 - $linespc}] $y
+		}
+		lappend coords $x2 $y2
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    lappend coords $x2 $y2
+	}
+	set t [$canv create line $coords -width [linewidth $p] \
+		   -fill $colormap($p) -tags lines.$p]
+	$canv lower $t
+	bindline $t $p
+    }
+    if {$rmx > [lindex $idpos($id) 1]} {
+	lset idpos($id) 1 $rmx
+	redrawtags $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc drawlines {id} {
+    global canv
+
+    $canv itemconf lines.$id -width [linewidth $id]
+}
+
+proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
+    global linespc canv canv2 canv3 fgcolor curview
+    global cmitlisted commitinfo rowidlist parentlist
+    global rowtextx idpos idtags idheads idotherrefs
+    global linehtag linentag linedtag selectedline
+    global canvxmax boldids boldnameids fgcolor markedid
+    global mainheadid nullid nullid2 circleitem circlecolors ctxbut
+
+    # listed is 0 for boundary, 1 for normal, 2 for negative, 3 for left, 4 for right
+    set listed $cmitlisted($curview,$id)
+    if {$id eq $nullid} {
+	set ofill red
+    } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
+	set ofill green
+    } elseif {$id eq $mainheadid} {
+	set ofill yellow
+    } else {
+	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $listed]
+    }
+    set x [xc $row $col]
+    set y [yc $row]
+    set orad [expr {$linespc / 3}]
+    if {$listed <= 2} {
+	set t [$canv create oval [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
+		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+    } elseif {$listed == 3} {
+	# triangle pointing left for left-side commits
+	set t [$canv create polygon \
+		   [expr {$x - $orad}] $y \
+		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
+		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+    } else {
+	# triangle pointing right for right-side commits
+	set t [$canv create polygon \
+		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] $y \
+		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
+		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+    }
+    set circleitem($row) $t
+    $canv raise $t
+    $canv bind $t <1> {selcanvline {} %x %y}
+    set rmx [llength [lindex $rowidlist $row]]
+    set olds [lindex $parentlist $row]
+    if {$olds ne {}} {
+	set nextids [lindex $rowidlist [expr {$row + 1}]]
+	foreach p $olds {
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $nextids $p]
+	    if {$i > $rmx} {
+		set rmx $i
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set xt [xc $row $rmx]
+    set rowtextx($row) $xt
+    set idpos($id) [list $x $xt $y]
+    if {[info exists idtags($id)] || [info exists idheads($id)]
+	|| [info exists idotherrefs($id)]} {
+	set xt [drawtags $id $x $xt $y]
+    }
+    set headline [lindex $commitinfo($id) 0]
+    set name [lindex $commitinfo($id) 1]
+    set date [lindex $commitinfo($id) 2]
+    set date [formatdate $date]
+    set font mainfont
+    set nfont mainfont
+    set isbold [ishighlighted $id]
+    if {$isbold > 0} {
+	lappend boldids $id
+	set font mainfontbold
+	if {$isbold > 1} {
+	    lappend boldnameids $id
+	    set nfont mainfontbold
+	}
+    }
+    set linehtag($id) [$canv create text $xt $y -anchor w -fill $fgcolor \
+			   -text $headline -font $font -tags text]
+    $canv bind $linehtag($id) $ctxbut "rowmenu %X %Y $id"
+    set linentag($id) [$canv2 create text 3 $y -anchor w -fill $fgcolor \
+			   -text $name -font $nfont -tags text]
+    set linedtag($id) [$canv3 create text 3 $y -anchor w -fill $fgcolor \
+			   -text $date -font mainfont -tags text]
+    if {$selectedline == $row} {
+	make_secsel $id
+    }
+    if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid eq $id} {
+	make_idmark $id
+    }
+    set xr [expr {$xt + [font measure $font $headline]}]
+    if {$xr > $canvxmax} {
+	set canvxmax $xr
+	setcanvscroll
+    }
+}
+
+proc drawcmitrow {row} {
+    global displayorder rowidlist nrows_drawn
+    global iddrawn markingmatches
+    global commitinfo numcommits
+    global filehighlight fhighlights findpattern nhighlights
+    global hlview vhighlights
+    global highlight_related rhighlights
+
+    if {$row >= $numcommits} return
+
+    set id [lindex $displayorder $row]
+    if {[info exists hlview] && ![info exists vhighlights($id)]} {
+	askvhighlight $row $id
+    }
+    if {[info exists filehighlight] && ![info exists fhighlights($id)]} {
+	askfilehighlight $row $id
+    }
+    if {$findpattern ne {} && ![info exists nhighlights($id)]} {
+	askfindhighlight $row $id
+    }
+    if {$highlight_related ne [mc "None"] && ![info exists rhighlights($id)]} {
+	askrelhighlight $row $id
+    }
+    if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} {
+	set col [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $row] $id]
+	if {$col < 0} {
+	    puts "oops, row $row id $id not in list"
+	    return
+	}
+	if {![info exists commitinfo($id)]} {
+	    getcommit $id
+	}
+	assigncolor $id
+	drawcmittext $id $row $col
+	set iddrawn($id) 1
+	incr nrows_drawn
+    }
+    if {$markingmatches} {
+	markrowmatches $row $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc drawcommits {row {endrow {}}} {
+    global numcommits iddrawn displayorder curview need_redisplay
+    global parentlist rowidlist rowfinal uparrowlen downarrowlen nrows_drawn
+
+    if {$row < 0} {
+	set row 0
+    }
+    if {$endrow eq {}} {
+	set endrow $row
+    }
+    if {$endrow >= $numcommits} {
+	set endrow [expr {$numcommits - 1}]
+    }
+
+    set rl1 [expr {$row - $downarrowlen - 3}]
+    if {$rl1 < 0} {
+	set rl1 0
+    }
+    set ro1 [expr {$row - 3}]
+    if {$ro1 < 0} {
+	set ro1 0
+    }
+    set r2 [expr {$endrow + $uparrowlen + 3}]
+    if {$r2 > $numcommits} {
+	set r2 $numcommits
+    }
+    for {set r $rl1} {$r < $r2} {incr r} {
+	if {[lindex $rowidlist $r] ne {} && [lindex $rowfinal $r]} {
+	    if {$rl1 < $r} {
+		layoutrows $rl1 $r
+	    }
+	    set rl1 [expr {$r + 1}]
+	}
+    }
+    if {$rl1 < $r} {
+	layoutrows $rl1 $r
+    }
+    optimize_rows $ro1 0 $r2
+    if {$need_redisplay || $nrows_drawn > 2000} {
+	clear_display
+    }
+
+    # make the lines join to already-drawn rows either side
+    set r [expr {$row - 1}]
+    if {$r < 0 || ![info exists iddrawn([lindex $displayorder $r])]} {
+	set r $row
+    }
+    set er [expr {$endrow + 1}]
+    if {$er >= $numcommits ||
+	![info exists iddrawn([lindex $displayorder $er])]} {
+	set er $endrow
+    }
+    for {} {$r <= $er} {incr r} {
+	set id [lindex $displayorder $r]
+	set wasdrawn [info exists iddrawn($id)]
+	drawcmitrow $r
+	if {$r == $er} break
+	set nextid [lindex $displayorder [expr {$r + 1}]]
+	if {$wasdrawn && [info exists iddrawn($nextid)]} continue
+	drawparentlinks $id $r
+
+	set rowids [lindex $rowidlist $r]
+	foreach lid $rowids {
+	    if {$lid eq {}} continue
+	    if {[info exists lineend($lid)] && $lineend($lid) > $r} continue
+	    if {$lid eq $id} {
+		# see if this is the first child of any of its parents
+		foreach p [lindex $parentlist $r] {
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $rowids $p] < 0} {
+			# make this line extend up to the child
+			set lineend($p) [drawlineseg $p $r $er 0]
+		    }
+		}
+	    } else {
+		set lineend($lid) [drawlineseg $lid $r $er 1]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc undolayout {row} {
+    global uparrowlen mingaplen downarrowlen
+    global rowidlist rowisopt rowfinal need_redisplay
+
+    set r [expr {$row - ($uparrowlen + $mingaplen + $downarrowlen)}]
+    if {$r < 0} {
+	set r 0
+    }
+    if {[llength $rowidlist] > $r} {
+	incr r -1
+	set rowidlist [lrange $rowidlist 0 $r]
+	set rowfinal [lrange $rowfinal 0 $r]
+	set rowisopt [lrange $rowisopt 0 $r]
+	set need_redisplay 1
+	run drawvisible
+    }
+}
+
+proc drawvisible {} {
+    global canv linespc curview vrowmod selectedline targetrow targetid
+    global need_redisplay cscroll numcommits
+
+    set fs [$canv yview]
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    if {$ymax eq {} || $ymax == 0 || $numcommits == 0} return
+    set f0 [lindex $fs 0]
+    set f1 [lindex $fs 1]
+    set y0 [expr {int($f0 * $ymax)}]
+    set y1 [expr {int($f1 * $ymax)}]
+
+    if {[info exists targetid]} {
+	if {[commitinview $targetid $curview]} {
+	    set r [rowofcommit $targetid]
+	    if {$r != $targetrow} {
+		# Fix up the scrollregion and change the scrolling position
+		# now that our target row has moved.
+		set diff [expr {($r - $targetrow) * $linespc}]
+		set targetrow $r
+		setcanvscroll
+		set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+		incr y0 $diff
+		incr y1 $diff
+		set f0 [expr {$y0 / $ymax}]
+		set f1 [expr {$y1 / $ymax}]
+		allcanvs yview moveto $f0
+		$cscroll set $f0 $f1
+		set need_redisplay 1
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    unset targetid
+	}
+    }
+
+    set row [expr {int(($y0 - 3) / $linespc) - 1}]
+    set endrow [expr {int(($y1 - 3) / $linespc) + 1}]
+    if {$endrow >= $vrowmod($curview)} {
+	update_arcrows $curview
+    }
+    if {$selectedline ne {} &&
+	$row <= $selectedline && $selectedline <= $endrow} {
+	set targetrow $selectedline
+    } elseif {[info exists targetid]} {
+	set targetrow [expr {int(($row + $endrow) / 2)}]
+    }
+    if {[info exists targetrow]} {
+	if {$targetrow >= $numcommits} {
+	    set targetrow [expr {$numcommits - 1}]
+	}
+	set targetid [commitonrow $targetrow]
+    }
+    drawcommits $row $endrow
+}
+
+proc clear_display {} {
+    global iddrawn linesegs need_redisplay nrows_drawn
+    global vhighlights fhighlights nhighlights rhighlights
+    global linehtag linentag linedtag boldids boldnameids
+
+    allcanvs delete all
+    catch {unset iddrawn}
+    catch {unset linesegs}
+    catch {unset linehtag}
+    catch {unset linentag}
+    catch {unset linedtag}
+    set boldids {}
+    set boldnameids {}
+    catch {unset vhighlights}
+    catch {unset fhighlights}
+    catch {unset nhighlights}
+    catch {unset rhighlights}
+    set need_redisplay 0
+    set nrows_drawn 0
+}
+
+proc findcrossings {id} {
+    global rowidlist parentlist numcommits displayorder
+
+    set cross {}
+    set ccross {}
+    foreach {s e} [rowranges $id] {
+	if {$e >= $numcommits} {
+	    set e [expr {$numcommits - 1}]
+	}
+	if {$e <= $s} continue
+	for {set row $e} {[incr row -1] >= $s} {} {
+	    set x [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $row] $id]
+	    if {$x < 0} break
+	    set olds [lindex $parentlist $row]
+	    set kid [lindex $displayorder $row]
+	    set kidx [lsearch -exact [lindex $rowidlist $row] $kid]
+	    if {$kidx < 0} continue
+	    set nextrow [lindex $rowidlist [expr {$row + 1}]]
+	    foreach p $olds {
+		set px [lsearch -exact $nextrow $p]
+		if {$px < 0} continue
+		if {($kidx < $x && $x < $px) || ($px < $x && $x < $kidx)} {
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $ccross $p] >= 0} continue
+		    if {$x == $px + ($kidx < $px? -1: 1)} {
+			lappend ccross $p
+		    } elseif {[lsearch -exact $cross $p] < 0} {
+			lappend cross $p
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return [concat $ccross {{}} $cross]
+}
+
+proc assigncolor {id} {
+    global colormap colors nextcolor
+    global parents children children curview
+
+    if {[info exists colormap($id)]} return
+    set ncolors [llength $colors]
+    if {[info exists children($curview,$id)]} {
+	set kids $children($curview,$id)
+    } else {
+	set kids {}
+    }
+    if {[llength $kids] == 1} {
+	set child [lindex $kids 0]
+	if {[info exists colormap($child)]
+	    && [llength $parents($curview,$child)] == 1} {
+	    set colormap($id) $colormap($child)
+	    return
+	}
+    }
+    set badcolors {}
+    set origbad {}
+    foreach x [findcrossings $id] {
+	if {$x eq {}} {
+	    # delimiter between corner crossings and other crossings
+	    if {[llength $badcolors] >= $ncolors - 1} break
+	    set origbad $badcolors
+	}
+	if {[info exists colormap($x)]
+	    && [lsearch -exact $badcolors $colormap($x)] < 0} {
+	    lappend badcolors $colormap($x)
+	}
+    }
+    if {[llength $badcolors] >= $ncolors} {
+	set badcolors $origbad
+    }
+    set origbad $badcolors
+    if {[llength $badcolors] < $ncolors - 1} {
+	foreach child $kids {
+	    if {[info exists colormap($child)]
+		&& [lsearch -exact $badcolors $colormap($child)] < 0} {
+		lappend badcolors $colormap($child)
+	    }
+	    foreach p $parents($curview,$child) {
+		if {[info exists colormap($p)]
+		    && [lsearch -exact $badcolors $colormap($p)] < 0} {
+		    lappend badcolors $colormap($p)
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {[llength $badcolors] >= $ncolors} {
+	    set badcolors $origbad
+	}
+    }
+    for {set i 0} {$i <= $ncolors} {incr i} {
+	set c [lindex $colors $nextcolor]
+	if {[incr nextcolor] >= $ncolors} {
+	    set nextcolor 0
+	}
+	if {[lsearch -exact $badcolors $c]} break
+    }
+    set colormap($id) $c
+}
+
+proc bindline {t id} {
+    global canv
+
+    $canv bind $t <Enter> "lineenter %x %y $id"
+    $canv bind $t <Motion> "linemotion %x %y $id"
+    $canv bind $t <Leave> "lineleave $id"
+    $canv bind $t <Button-1> "lineclick %x %y $id 1"
+}
+
+proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
+    global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainhead
+    global linespc lthickness
+    global canv rowtextx curview fgcolor bgcolor ctxbut
+
+    set marks {}
+    set ntags 0
+    set nheads 0
+    if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	set marks $idtags($id)
+	set ntags [llength $marks]
+    }
+    if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
+	set marks [concat $marks $idheads($id)]
+	set nheads [llength $idheads($id)]
+    }
+    if {[info exists idotherrefs($id)]} {
+	set marks [concat $marks $idotherrefs($id)]
+    }
+    if {$marks eq {}} {
+	return $xt
+    }
+
+    set delta [expr {int(0.5 * ($linespc - $lthickness))}]
+    set yt [expr {$y1 - 0.5 * $linespc}]
+    set yb [expr {$yt + $linespc - 1}]
+    set xvals {}
+    set wvals {}
+    set i -1
+    foreach tag $marks {
+	incr i
+	if {$i >= $ntags && $i < $ntags + $nheads && $tag eq $mainhead} {
+	    set wid [font measure mainfontbold $tag]
+	} else {
+	    set wid [font measure mainfont $tag]
+	}
+	lappend xvals $xt
+	lappend wvals $wid
+	set xt [expr {$xt + $delta + $wid + $lthickness + $linespc}]
+    }
+    set t [$canv create line $x $y1 [lindex $xvals end] $y1 \
+	       -width $lthickness -fill black -tags tag.$id]
+    $canv lower $t
+    foreach tag $marks x $xvals wid $wvals {
+	set xl [expr {$x + $delta}]
+	set xr [expr {$x + $delta + $wid + $lthickness}]
+	set font mainfont
+	if {[incr ntags -1] >= 0} {
+	    # draw a tag
+	    set t [$canv create polygon $x [expr {$yt + $delta}] $xl $yt \
+		       $xr $yt $xr $yb $xl $yb $x [expr {$yb - $delta}] \
+		       -width 1 -outline black -fill yellow -tags tag.$id]
+	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag 1]
+	    set rowtextx([rowofcommit $id]) [expr {$xr + $linespc}]
+	} else {
+	    # draw a head or other ref
+	    if {[incr nheads -1] >= 0} {
+		set col green
+		if {$tag eq $mainhead} {
+		    set font mainfontbold
+		}
+	    } else {
+		set col "#ddddff"
+	    }
+	    set xl [expr {$xl - $delta/2}]
+	    $canv create polygon $x $yt $xr $yt $xr $yb $x $yb \
+		-width 1 -outline black -fill $col -tags tag.$id
+	    if {[regexp {^(remotes/.*/|remotes/)} $tag match remoteprefix]} {
+	        set rwid [font measure mainfont $remoteprefix]
+		set xi [expr {$x + 1}]
+		set yti [expr {$yt + 1}]
+		set xri [expr {$x + $rwid}]
+		$canv create polygon $xi $yti $xri $yti $xri $yb $xi $yb \
+			-width 0 -fill "#ffddaa" -tags tag.$id
+	    }
+	}
+	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $fgcolor \
+		   -font $font -tags [list tag.$id text]]
+	if {$ntags >= 0} {
+	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag 1]
+	} elseif {$nheads >= 0} {
+	    $canv bind $t $ctxbut [list headmenu %X %Y $id $tag]
+	}
+    }
+    return $xt
+}
+
+proc xcoord {i level ln} {
+    global canvx0 xspc1 xspc2
+
+    set x [expr {$canvx0 + $i * $xspc1($ln)}]
+    if {$i > 0 && $i == $level} {
+	set x [expr {$x + 0.5 * ($xspc2 - $xspc1($ln))}]
+    } elseif {$i > $level} {
+	set x [expr {$x + $xspc2 - $xspc1($ln)}]
+    }
+    return $x
+}
+
+proc show_status {msg} {
+    global canv fgcolor
+
+    clear_display
+    $canv create text 3 3 -anchor nw -text $msg -font mainfont \
+	-tags text -fill $fgcolor
+}
+
+# Don't change the text pane cursor if it is currently the hand cursor,
+# showing that we are over a sha1 ID link.
+proc settextcursor {c} {
+    global ctext curtextcursor
+
+    if {[$ctext cget -cursor] == $curtextcursor} {
+	$ctext config -cursor $c
+    }
+    set curtextcursor $c
+}
+
+proc nowbusy {what {name {}}} {
+    global isbusy busyname statusw
+
+    if {[array names isbusy] eq {}} {
+	. config -cursor watch
+	settextcursor watch
+    }
+    set isbusy($what) 1
+    set busyname($what) $name
+    if {$name ne {}} {
+	$statusw conf -text $name
+    }
+}
+
+proc notbusy {what} {
+    global isbusy maincursor textcursor busyname statusw
+
+    catch {
+	unset isbusy($what)
+	if {$busyname($what) ne {} &&
+	    [$statusw cget -text] eq $busyname($what)} {
+	    $statusw conf -text {}
+	}
+    }
+    if {[array names isbusy] eq {}} {
+	. config -cursor $maincursor
+	settextcursor $textcursor
+    }
+}
+
+proc findmatches {f} {
+    global findtype findstring
+    if {$findtype == [mc "Regexp"]} {
+	set matches [regexp -indices -all -inline $findstring $f]
+    } else {
+	set fs $findstring
+	if {$findtype == [mc "IgnCase"]} {
+	    set f [string tolower $f]
+	    set fs [string tolower $fs]
+	}
+	set matches {}
+	set i 0
+	set l [string length $fs]
+	while {[set j [string first $fs $f $i]] >= 0} {
+	    lappend matches [list $j [expr {$j+$l-1}]]
+	    set i [expr {$j + $l}]
+	}
+    }
+    return $matches
+}
+
+proc dofind {{dirn 1} {wrap 1}} {
+    global findstring findstartline findcurline selectedline numcommits
+    global gdttype filehighlight fh_serial find_dirn findallowwrap
+
+    if {[info exists find_dirn]} {
+	if {$find_dirn == $dirn} return
+	stopfinding
+    }
+    focus .
+    if {$findstring eq {} || $numcommits == 0} return
+    if {$selectedline eq {}} {
+	set findstartline [lindex [visiblerows] [expr {$dirn < 0}]]
+    } else {
+	set findstartline $selectedline
+    }
+    set findcurline $findstartline
+    nowbusy finding [mc "Searching"]
+    if {$gdttype ne [mc "containing:"] && ![info exists filehighlight]} {
+	after cancel do_file_hl $fh_serial
+	do_file_hl $fh_serial
+    }
+    set find_dirn $dirn
+    set findallowwrap $wrap
+    run findmore
+}
+
+proc stopfinding {} {
+    global find_dirn findcurline fprogcoord
+
+    if {[info exists find_dirn]} {
+	unset find_dirn
+	unset findcurline
+	notbusy finding
+	set fprogcoord 0
+	adjustprogress
+    }
+    stopblaming
+}
+
+proc findmore {} {
+    global commitdata commitinfo numcommits findpattern findloc
+    global findstartline findcurline findallowwrap
+    global find_dirn gdttype fhighlights fprogcoord
+    global curview varcorder vrownum varccommits vrowmod
+
+    if {![info exists find_dirn]} {
+	return 0
+    }
+    set fldtypes [list [mc "Headline"] [mc "Author"] [mc "Date"] [mc "Committer"] [mc "CDate"] [mc "Comments"]]
+    set l $findcurline
+    set moretodo 0
+    if {$find_dirn > 0} {
+	incr l
+	if {$l >= $numcommits} {
+	    set l 0
+	}
+	if {$l <= $findstartline} {
+	    set lim [expr {$findstartline + 1}]
+	} else {
+	    set lim $numcommits
+	    set moretodo $findallowwrap
+	}
+    } else {
+	if {$l == 0} {
+	    set l $numcommits
+	}
+	incr l -1
+	if {$l >= $findstartline} {
+	    set lim [expr {$findstartline - 1}]
+	} else {
+	    set lim -1
+	    set moretodo $findallowwrap
+	}
+    }
+    set n [expr {($lim - $l) * $find_dirn}]
+    if {$n > 500} {
+	set n 500
+	set moretodo 1
+    }
+    if {$l + ($find_dirn > 0? $n: 1) > $vrowmod($curview)} {
+	update_arcrows $curview
+    }
+    set found 0
+    set domore 1
+    set ai [bsearch $vrownum($curview) $l]
+    set a [lindex $varcorder($curview) $ai]
+    set arow [lindex $vrownum($curview) $ai]
+    set ids [lindex $varccommits($curview,$a)]
+    set arowend [expr {$arow + [llength $ids]}]
+    if {$gdttype eq [mc "containing:"]} {
+	for {} {$n > 0} {incr n -1; incr l $find_dirn} {
+	    if {$l < $arow || $l >= $arowend} {
+		incr ai $find_dirn
+		set a [lindex $varcorder($curview) $ai]
+		set arow [lindex $vrownum($curview) $ai]
+		set ids [lindex $varccommits($curview,$a)]
+		set arowend [expr {$arow + [llength $ids]}]
+	    }
+	    set id [lindex $ids [expr {$l - $arow}]]
+	    # shouldn't happen unless git log doesn't give all the commits...
+	    if {![info exists commitdata($id)] ||
+		![doesmatch $commitdata($id)]} {
+		continue
+	    }
+	    if {![info exists commitinfo($id)]} {
+		getcommit $id
+	    }
+	    set info $commitinfo($id)
+	    foreach f $info ty $fldtypes {
+		if {($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq $ty) &&
+		    [doesmatch $f]} {
+		    set found 1
+		    break
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {$found} break
+	}
+    } else {
+	for {} {$n > 0} {incr n -1; incr l $find_dirn} {
+	    if {$l < $arow || $l >= $arowend} {
+		incr ai $find_dirn
+		set a [lindex $varcorder($curview) $ai]
+		set arow [lindex $vrownum($curview) $ai]
+		set ids [lindex $varccommits($curview,$a)]
+		set arowend [expr {$arow + [llength $ids]}]
+	    }
+	    set id [lindex $ids [expr {$l - $arow}]]
+	    if {![info exists fhighlights($id)]} {
+		# this sets fhighlights($id) to -1
+		askfilehighlight $l $id
+	    }
+	    if {$fhighlights($id) > 0} {
+		set found $domore
+		break
+	    }
+	    if {$fhighlights($id) < 0} {
+		if {$domore} {
+		    set domore 0
+		    set findcurline [expr {$l - $find_dirn}]
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {$found || ($domore && !$moretodo)} {
+	unset findcurline
+	unset find_dirn
+	notbusy finding
+	set fprogcoord 0
+	adjustprogress
+	if {$found} {
+	    findselectline $l
+	} else {
+	    bell
+	}
+	return 0
+    }
+    if {!$domore} {
+	flushhighlights
+    } else {
+	set findcurline [expr {$l - $find_dirn}]
+    }
+    set n [expr {($findcurline - $findstartline) * $find_dirn - 1}]
+    if {$n < 0} {
+	incr n $numcommits
+    }
+    set fprogcoord [expr {$n * 1.0 / $numcommits}]
+    adjustprogress
+    return $domore
+}
+
+proc findselectline {l} {
+    global findloc commentend ctext findcurline markingmatches gdttype
+
+    set markingmatches [expr {$gdttype eq [mc "containing:"]}]
+    set findcurline $l
+    selectline $l 1
+    if {$markingmatches &&
+	($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq [mc "Comments"])} {
+	# highlight the matches in the comments
+	set f [$ctext get 1.0 $commentend]
+	set matches [findmatches $f]
+	foreach match $matches {
+	    set start [lindex $match 0]
+	    set end [expr {[lindex $match 1] + 1}]
+	    $ctext tag add found "1.0 + $start c" "1.0 + $end c"
+	}
+    }
+    drawvisible
+}
+
+# mark the bits of a headline or author that match a find string
+proc markmatches {canv l str tag matches font row} {
+    global selectedline
+
+    set bbox [$canv bbox $tag]
+    set x0 [lindex $bbox 0]
+    set y0 [lindex $bbox 1]
+    set y1 [lindex $bbox 3]
+    foreach match $matches {
+	set start [lindex $match 0]
+	set end [lindex $match 1]
+	if {$start > $end} continue
+	set xoff [font measure $font [string range $str 0 [expr {$start-1}]]]
+	set xlen [font measure $font [string range $str 0 [expr {$end}]]]
+	set t [$canv create rect [expr {$x0+$xoff}] $y0 \
+		   [expr {$x0+$xlen+2}] $y1 \
+		   -outline {} -tags [list match$l matches] -fill yellow]
+	$canv lower $t
+	if {$row == $selectedline} {
+	    $canv raise $t secsel
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc unmarkmatches {} {
+    global markingmatches
+
+    allcanvs delete matches
+    set markingmatches 0
+    stopfinding
+}
+
+proc selcanvline {w x y} {
+    global canv canvy0 ctext linespc
+    global rowtextx
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    if {$ymax == {}} return
+    set yfrac [lindex [$canv yview] 0]
+    set y [expr {$y + $yfrac * $ymax}]
+    set l [expr {int(($y - $canvy0) / $linespc + 0.5)}]
+    if {$l < 0} {
+	set l 0
+    }
+    if {$w eq $canv} {
+	set xmax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 2]
+	set xleft [expr {[lindex [$canv xview] 0] * $xmax}]
+	if {![info exists rowtextx($l)] || $xleft + $x < $rowtextx($l)} return
+    }
+    unmarkmatches
+    selectline $l 1
+}
+
+proc commit_descriptor {p} {
+    global commitinfo
+    if {![info exists commitinfo($p)]} {
+	getcommit $p
+    }
+    set l "..."
+    if {[llength $commitinfo($p)] > 1} {
+	set l [lindex $commitinfo($p) 0]
+    }
+    return "$p ($l)\n"
+}
+
+# append some text to the ctext widget, and make any SHA1 ID
+# that we know about be a clickable link.
+proc appendwithlinks {text tags} {
+    global ctext linknum curview
+
+    set start [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+    $ctext insert end $text $tags
+    set links [regexp -indices -all -inline {\m[0-9a-f]{6,40}\M} $text]
+    foreach l $links {
+	set s [lindex $l 0]
+	set e [lindex $l 1]
+	set linkid [string range $text $s $e]
+	incr e
+	$ctext tag delete link$linknum
+	$ctext tag add link$linknum "$start + $s c" "$start + $e c"
+	setlink $linkid link$linknum
+	incr linknum
+    }
+}
+
+proc setlink {id lk} {
+    global curview ctext pendinglinks
+
+    set known 0
+    if {[string length $id] < 40} {
+	set matches [longid $id]
+	if {[llength $matches] > 0} {
+	    if {[llength $matches] > 1} return
+	    set known 1
+	    set id [lindex $matches 0]
+	}
+    } else {
+	set known [commitinview $id $curview]
+    }
+    if {$known} {
+	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground blue -underline 1
+	$ctext tag bind $lk <1> [list selbyid $id]
+	$ctext tag bind $lk <Enter> {linkcursor %W 1}
+	$ctext tag bind $lk <Leave> {linkcursor %W -1}
+    } else {
+	lappend pendinglinks($id) $lk
+	interestedin $id {makelink %P}
+    }
+}
+
+proc appendshortlink {id {pre {}} {post {}}} {
+    global ctext linknum
+
+    $ctext insert end $pre
+    $ctext tag delete link$linknum
+    $ctext insert end [string range $id 0 7] link$linknum
+    $ctext insert end $post
+    setlink $id link$linknum
+    incr linknum
+}
+
+proc makelink {id} {
+    global pendinglinks
+
+    if {![info exists pendinglinks($id)]} return
+    foreach lk $pendinglinks($id) {
+	setlink $id $lk
+    }
+    unset pendinglinks($id)
+}
+
+proc linkcursor {w inc} {
+    global linkentercount curtextcursor
+
+    if {[incr linkentercount $inc] > 0} {
+	$w configure -cursor hand2
+    } else {
+	$w configure -cursor $curtextcursor
+	if {$linkentercount < 0} {
+	    set linkentercount 0
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc viewnextline {dir} {
+    global canv linespc
+
+    $canv delete hover
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    set wnow [$canv yview]
+    set wtop [expr {[lindex $wnow 0] * $ymax}]
+    set newtop [expr {$wtop + $dir * $linespc}]
+    if {$newtop < 0} {
+	set newtop 0
+    } elseif {$newtop > $ymax} {
+	set newtop $ymax
+    }
+    allcanvs yview moveto [expr {$newtop * 1.0 / $ymax}]
+}
+
+# add a list of tag or branch names at position pos
+# returns the number of names inserted
+proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
+    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs
+
+    if {[catch {$ctext index $pos}]} {
+	return 0
+    }
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    $ctext delete $pos "$pos lineend"
+    set tags {}
+    foreach id $ids {
+	foreach tag [set $var\($id\)] {
+	    lappend tags [list $tag $id]
+	}
+    }
+    if {[llength $tags] > $maxrefs} {
+	$ctext insert $pos "[mc "many"] ([llength $tags])"
+    } else {
+	set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
+	set sep {}
+	foreach ti $tags {
+	    set id [lindex $ti 1]
+	    set lk link$linknum
+	    incr linknum
+	    $ctext tag delete $lk
+	    $ctext insert $pos $sep
+	    $ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
+	    setlink $id $lk
+	    set sep ", "
+	}
+    }
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    return [llength $tags]
+}
+
+# called when we have finished computing the nearby tags
+proc dispneartags {delay} {
+    global selectedline currentid showneartags tagphase
+
+    if {$selectedline eq {} || !$showneartags} return
+    after cancel dispnexttag
+    if {$delay} {
+	after 200 dispnexttag
+	set tagphase -1
+    } else {
+	after idle dispnexttag
+	set tagphase 0
+    }
+}
+
+proc dispnexttag {} {
+    global selectedline currentid showneartags tagphase ctext
+
+    if {$selectedline eq {} || !$showneartags} return
+    switch -- $tagphase {
+	0 {
+	    set dtags [desctags $currentid]
+	    if {$dtags ne {}} {
+		appendrefs precedes $dtags idtags
+	    }
+	}
+	1 {
+	    set atags [anctags $currentid]
+	    if {$atags ne {}} {
+		appendrefs follows $atags idtags
+	    }
+	}
+	2 {
+	    set dheads [descheads $currentid]
+	    if {$dheads ne {}} {
+		if {[appendrefs branch $dheads idheads] > 1
+		    && [$ctext get "branch -3c"] eq "h"} {
+		    # turn "Branch" into "Branches"
+		    $ctext conf -state normal
+		    $ctext insert "branch -2c" "es"
+		    $ctext conf -state disabled
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {[incr tagphase] <= 2} {
+	after idle dispnexttag
+    }
+}
+
+proc make_secsel {id} {
+    global linehtag linentag linedtag canv canv2 canv3
+
+    if {![info exists linehtag($id)]} return
+    $canv delete secsel
+    set t [eval $canv create rect [$canv bbox $linehtag($id)] -outline {{}} \
+	       -tags secsel -fill [$canv cget -selectbackground]]
+    $canv lower $t
+    $canv2 delete secsel
+    set t [eval $canv2 create rect [$canv2 bbox $linentag($id)] -outline {{}} \
+	       -tags secsel -fill [$canv2 cget -selectbackground]]
+    $canv2 lower $t
+    $canv3 delete secsel
+    set t [eval $canv3 create rect [$canv3 bbox $linedtag($id)] -outline {{}} \
+	       -tags secsel -fill [$canv3 cget -selectbackground]]
+    $canv3 lower $t
+}
+
+proc make_idmark {id} {
+    global linehtag canv fgcolor
+
+    if {![info exists linehtag($id)]} return
+    $canv delete markid
+    set t [eval $canv create rect [$canv bbox $linehtag($id)] \
+	       -tags markid -outline $fgcolor]
+    $canv raise $t
+}
+
+proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
+    global canv ctext commitinfo selectedline
+    global canvy0 linespc parents children curview
+    global currentid sha1entry
+    global commentend idtags linknum
+    global mergemax numcommits pending_select
+    global cmitmode showneartags allcommits
+    global targetrow targetid lastscrollrows
+    global autoselect jump_to_here
+
+    catch {unset pending_select}
+    $canv delete hover
+    normalline
+    unsel_reflist
+    stopfinding
+    if {$l < 0 || $l >= $numcommits} return
+    set id [commitonrow $l]
+    set targetid $id
+    set targetrow $l
+    set selectedline $l
+    set currentid $id
+    if {$lastscrollrows < $numcommits} {
+	setcanvscroll
+    }
+
+    set y [expr {$canvy0 + $l * $linespc}]
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    set ytop [expr {$y - $linespc - 1}]
+    set ybot [expr {$y + $linespc + 1}]
+    set wnow [$canv yview]
+    set wtop [expr {[lindex $wnow 0] * $ymax}]
+    set wbot [expr {[lindex $wnow 1] * $ymax}]
+    set wh [expr {$wbot - $wtop}]
+    set newtop $wtop
+    if {$ytop < $wtop} {
+	if {$ybot < $wtop} {
+	    set newtop [expr {$y - $wh / 2.0}]
+	} else {
+	    set newtop $ytop
+	    if {$newtop > $wtop - $linespc} {
+		set newtop [expr {$wtop - $linespc}]
+	    }
+	}
+    } elseif {$ybot > $wbot} {
+	if {$ytop > $wbot} {
+	    set newtop [expr {$y - $wh / 2.0}]
+	} else {
+	    set newtop [expr {$ybot - $wh}]
+	    if {$newtop < $wtop + $linespc} {
+		set newtop [expr {$wtop + $linespc}]
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {$newtop != $wtop} {
+	if {$newtop < 0} {
+	    set newtop 0
+	}
+	allcanvs yview moveto [expr {$newtop * 1.0 / $ymax}]
+	drawvisible
+    }
+
+    make_secsel $id
+
+    if {$isnew} {
+	addtohistory [list selbyid $id 0] savecmitpos
+    }
+
+    $sha1entry delete 0 end
+    $sha1entry insert 0 $id
+    if {$autoselect} {
+	$sha1entry selection range 0 end
+    }
+    rhighlight_sel $id
+
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    set linknum 0
+    if {![info exists commitinfo($id)]} {
+	getcommit $id
+    }
+    set info $commitinfo($id)
+    set date [formatdate [lindex $info 2]]
+    $ctext insert end "[mc "Author"]: [lindex $info 1]  $date\n"
+    set date [formatdate [lindex $info 4]]
+    $ctext insert end "[mc "Committer"]: [lindex $info 3]  $date\n"
+    if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	$ctext insert end [mc "Tags:"]
+	foreach tag $idtags($id) {
+	    $ctext insert end " $tag"
+	}
+	$ctext insert end "\n"
+    }
+
+    set headers {}
+    set olds $parents($curview,$id)
+    if {[llength $olds] > 1} {
+	set np 0
+	foreach p $olds {
+	    if {$np >= $mergemax} {
+		set tag mmax
+	    } else {
+		set tag m$np
+	    }
+	    $ctext insert end "[mc "Parent"]: " $tag
+	    appendwithlinks [commit_descriptor $p] {}
+	    incr np
+	}
+    } else {
+	foreach p $olds {
+	    append headers "[mc "Parent"]: [commit_descriptor $p]"
+	}
+    }
+
+    foreach c $children($curview,$id) {
+	append headers "[mc "Child"]:  [commit_descriptor $c]"
+    }
+
+    # make anything that looks like a SHA1 ID be a clickable link
+    appendwithlinks $headers {}
+    if {$showneartags} {
+	if {![info exists allcommits]} {
+	    getallcommits
+	}
+	$ctext insert end "[mc "Branch"]: "
+	$ctext mark set branch "end -1c"
+	$ctext mark gravity branch left
+	$ctext insert end "\n[mc "Follows"]: "
+	$ctext mark set follows "end -1c"
+	$ctext mark gravity follows left
+	$ctext insert end "\n[mc "Precedes"]: "
+	$ctext mark set precedes "end -1c"
+	$ctext mark gravity precedes left
+	$ctext insert end "\n"
+	dispneartags 1
+    }
+    $ctext insert end "\n"
+    set comment [lindex $info 5]
+    if {[string first "\r" $comment] >= 0} {
+	set comment [string map {"\r" "\n    "} $comment]
+    }
+    appendwithlinks $comment {comment}
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    set commentend [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+
+    set jump_to_here $desired_loc
+    init_flist [mc "Comments"]
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
+	gettree $id
+    } elseif {[llength $olds] <= 1} {
+	startdiff $id
+    } else {
+	mergediff $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc selfirstline {} {
+    unmarkmatches
+    selectline 0 1
+}
+
+proc sellastline {} {
+    global numcommits
+    unmarkmatches
+    set l [expr {$numcommits - 1}]
+    selectline $l 1
+}
+
+proc selnextline {dir} {
+    global selectedline
+    focus .
+    if {$selectedline eq {}} return
+    set l [expr {$selectedline + $dir}]
+    unmarkmatches
+    selectline $l 1
+}
+
+proc selnextpage {dir} {
+    global canv linespc selectedline numcommits
+
+    set lpp [expr {([winfo height $canv] - 2) / $linespc}]
+    if {$lpp < 1} {
+	set lpp 1
+    }
+    allcanvs yview scroll [expr {$dir * $lpp}] units
+    drawvisible
+    if {$selectedline eq {}} return
+    set l [expr {$selectedline + $dir * $lpp}]
+    if {$l < 0} {
+	set l 0
+    } elseif {$l >= $numcommits} {
+        set l [expr $numcommits - 1]
+    }
+    unmarkmatches
+    selectline $l 1
+}
+
+proc unselectline {} {
+    global selectedline currentid
+
+    set selectedline {}
+    catch {unset currentid}
+    allcanvs delete secsel
+    rhighlight_none
+}
+
+proc reselectline {} {
+    global selectedline
+
+    if {$selectedline ne {}} {
+	selectline $selectedline 0
+    }
+}
+
+proc addtohistory {cmd {saveproc {}}} {
+    global history historyindex curview
+
+    unset_posvars
+    save_position
+    set elt [list $curview $cmd $saveproc {}]
+    if {$historyindex > 0
+	&& [lindex $history [expr {$historyindex - 1}]] == $elt} {
+	return
+    }
+
+    if {$historyindex < [llength $history]} {
+	set history [lreplace $history $historyindex end $elt]
+    } else {
+	lappend history $elt
+    }
+    incr historyindex
+    if {$historyindex > 1} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut conf -state normal
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut conf -state disabled
+    }
+    .tf.bar.rightbut conf -state disabled
+}
+
+# save the scrolling position of the diff display pane
+proc save_position {} {
+    global historyindex history
+
+    if {$historyindex < 1} return
+    set hi [expr {$historyindex - 1}]
+    set fn [lindex $history $hi 2]
+    if {$fn ne {}} {
+	lset history $hi 3 [eval $fn]
+    }
+}
+
+proc unset_posvars {} {
+    global last_posvars
+
+    if {[info exists last_posvars]} {
+	foreach {var val} $last_posvars {
+	    global $var
+	    catch {unset $var}
+	}
+	unset last_posvars
+    }
+}
+
+proc godo {elt} {
+    global curview last_posvars
+
+    set view [lindex $elt 0]
+    set cmd [lindex $elt 1]
+    set pv [lindex $elt 3]
+    if {$curview != $view} {
+	showview $view
+    }
+    unset_posvars
+    foreach {var val} $pv {
+	global $var
+	set $var $val
+    }
+    set last_posvars $pv
+    eval $cmd
+}
+
+proc goback {} {
+    global history historyindex
+    focus .
+
+    if {$historyindex > 1} {
+	save_position
+	incr historyindex -1
+	godo [lindex $history [expr {$historyindex - 1}]]
+	.tf.bar.rightbut conf -state normal
+    }
+    if {$historyindex <= 1} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut conf -state disabled
+    }
+}
+
+proc goforw {} {
+    global history historyindex
+    focus .
+
+    if {$historyindex < [llength $history]} {
+	save_position
+	set cmd [lindex $history $historyindex]
+	incr historyindex
+	godo $cmd
+	.tf.bar.leftbut conf -state normal
+    }
+    if {$historyindex >= [llength $history]} {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut conf -state disabled
+    }
+}
+
+proc gettree {id} {
+    global treefilelist treeidlist diffids diffmergeid treepending
+    global nullid nullid2
+
+    set diffids $id
+    catch {unset diffmergeid}
+    if {![info exists treefilelist($id)]} {
+	if {![info exists treepending]} {
+	    if {$id eq $nullid} {
+		set cmd [list | git ls-files]
+	    } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
+		set cmd [list | git ls-files --stage -t]
+	    } else {
+		set cmd [list | git ls-tree -r $id]
+	    }
+	    if {[catch {set gtf [open $cmd r]}]} {
+		return
+	    }
+	    set treepending $id
+	    set treefilelist($id) {}
+	    set treeidlist($id) {}
+	    fconfigure $gtf -blocking 0 -encoding binary
+	    filerun $gtf [list gettreeline $gtf $id]
+	}
+    } else {
+	setfilelist $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc gettreeline {gtf id} {
+    global treefilelist treeidlist treepending cmitmode diffids nullid nullid2
+
+    set nl 0
+    while {[incr nl] <= 1000 && [gets $gtf line] >= 0} {
+	if {$diffids eq $nullid} {
+	    set fname $line
+	} else {
+	    set i [string first "\t" $line]
+	    if {$i < 0} continue
+	    set fname [string range $line [expr {$i+1}] end]
+	    set line [string range $line 0 [expr {$i-1}]]
+	    if {$diffids ne $nullid2 && [lindex $line 1] ne "blob"} continue
+	    set sha1 [lindex $line 2]
+	    lappend treeidlist($id) $sha1
+	}
+	if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+	    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+	}
+	set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
+	lappend treefilelist($id) $fname
+    }
+    if {![eof $gtf]} {
+	return [expr {$nl >= 1000? 2: 1}]
+    }
+    close $gtf
+    unset treepending
+    if {$cmitmode ne "tree"} {
+	if {![info exists diffmergeid]} {
+	    gettreediffs $diffids
+	}
+    } elseif {$id ne $diffids} {
+	gettree $diffids
+    } else {
+	setfilelist $id
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc showfile {f} {
+    global treefilelist treeidlist diffids nullid nullid2
+    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
+    global ctext commentend
+
+    set i [lsearch -exact $treefilelist($diffids) $f]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	puts "oops, $f not in list for id $diffids"
+	return
+    }
+    if {$diffids eq $nullid} {
+	if {[catch {set bf [open $f r]} err]} {
+	    puts "oops, can't read $f: $err"
+	    return
+	}
+    } else {
+	set blob [lindex $treeidlist($diffids) $i]
+	if {[catch {set bf [open [concat | git cat-file blob $blob] r]} err]} {
+	    puts "oops, error reading blob $blob: $err"
+	    return
+	}
+    }
+    fconfigure $bf -blocking 0 -encoding [get_path_encoding $f]
+    filerun $bf [list getblobline $bf $diffids]
+    $ctext config -state normal
+    clear_ctext $commentend
+    lappend ctext_file_names $f
+    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $commentend "."] 0]
+    $ctext insert end "\n"
+    $ctext insert end "$f\n" filesep
+    $ctext config -state disabled
+    $ctext yview $commentend
+    settabs 0
+}
+
+proc getblobline {bf id} {
+    global diffids cmitmode ctext
+
+    if {$id ne $diffids || $cmitmode ne "tree"} {
+	catch {close $bf}
+	return 0
+    }
+    $ctext config -state normal
+    set nl 0
+    while {[incr nl] <= 1000 && [gets $bf line] >= 0} {
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n"
+    }
+    if {[eof $bf]} {
+	global jump_to_here ctext_file_names commentend
+
+	# delete last newline
+	$ctext delete "end - 2c" "end - 1c"
+	close $bf
+	if {$jump_to_here ne {} &&
+	    [lindex $jump_to_here 0] eq [lindex $ctext_file_names 0]} {
+	    set lnum [expr {[lindex $jump_to_here 1] +
+			    [lindex [split $commentend .] 0]}]
+	    mark_ctext_line $lnum
+	}
+	return 0
+    }
+    $ctext config -state disabled
+    return [expr {$nl >= 1000? 2: 1}]
+}
+
+proc mark_ctext_line {lnum} {
+    global ctext markbgcolor
+
+    $ctext tag delete omark
+    $ctext tag add omark $lnum.0 "$lnum.0 + 1 line"
+    $ctext tag conf omark -background $markbgcolor
+    $ctext see $lnum.0
+}
+
+proc mergediff {id} {
+    global diffmergeid
+    global diffids treediffs
+    global parents curview
+
+    set diffmergeid $id
+    set diffids $id
+    set treediffs($id) {}
+    set np [llength $parents($curview,$id)]
+    settabs $np
+    getblobdiffs $id
+}
+
+proc startdiff {ids} {
+    global treediffs diffids treepending diffmergeid nullid nullid2
+
+    settabs 1
+    set diffids $ids
+    catch {unset diffmergeid}
+    if {![info exists treediffs($ids)] ||
+	[lsearch -exact $ids $nullid] >= 0 ||
+	[lsearch -exact $ids $nullid2] >= 0} {
+	if {![info exists treepending]} {
+	    gettreediffs $ids
+	}
+    } else {
+	addtocflist $ids
+    }
+}
+
+proc path_filter {filter name} {
+    foreach p $filter {
+	set l [string length $p]
+	if {[string index $p end] eq "/"} {
+	    if {[string compare -length $l $p $name] == 0} {
+		return 1
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    if {[string compare -length $l $p $name] == 0 &&
+		([string length $name] == $l ||
+		 [string index $name $l] eq "/")} {
+		return 1
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc addtocflist {ids} {
+    global treediffs
+
+    add_flist $treediffs($ids)
+    getblobdiffs $ids
+}
+
+proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
+    global nullid nullid2
+
+    set i [lsearch -exact $ids $nullid]
+    set j [lsearch -exact $ids $nullid2]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	if {[llength $ids] > 1 && $j < 0} {
+	    # comparing working directory with some specific revision
+	    set cmd [concat | git diff-index $flags]
+	    if {$i == 0} {
+		lappend cmd -R [lindex $ids 1]
+	    } else {
+		lappend cmd [lindex $ids 0]
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    # comparing working directory with index
+	    set cmd [concat | git diff-files $flags]
+	    if {$j == 1} {
+		lappend cmd -R
+	    }
+	}
+    } elseif {$j >= 0} {
+	set cmd [concat | git diff-index --cached $flags]
+	if {[llength $ids] > 1} {
+	    # comparing index with specific revision
+	    if {$j == 0} {
+		lappend cmd -R [lindex $ids 1]
+	    } else {
+		lappend cmd [lindex $ids 0]
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    # comparing index with HEAD
+	    lappend cmd HEAD
+	}
+    } else {
+	set cmd [concat | git diff-tree -r $flags $ids]
+    }
+    return $cmd
+}
+
+proc gettreediffs {ids} {
+    global treediff treepending
+
+    if {[catch {set gdtf [open [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}] r]}]} return
+
+    set treepending $ids
+    set treediff {}
+    fconfigure $gdtf -blocking 0 -encoding binary
+    filerun $gdtf [list gettreediffline $gdtf $ids]
+}
+
+proc gettreediffline {gdtf ids} {
+    global treediff treediffs treepending diffids diffmergeid
+    global cmitmode vfilelimit curview limitdiffs perfile_attrs
+
+    set nr 0
+    set sublist {}
+    set max 1000
+    if {$perfile_attrs} {
+	# cache_gitattr is slow, and even slower on win32 where we
+	# have to invoke it for only about 30 paths at a time
+	set max 500
+	if {[tk windowingsystem] == "win32"} {
+	    set max 120
+	}
+    }
+    while {[incr nr] <= $max && [gets $gdtf line] >= 0} {
+	set i [string first "\t" $line]
+	if {$i >= 0} {
+	    set file [string range $line [expr {$i+1}] end]
+	    if {[string index $file 0] eq "\""} {
+		set file [lindex $file 0]
+	    }
+	    set file [encoding convertfrom $file]
+	    if {$file ne [lindex $treediff end]} {
+		lappend treediff $file
+		lappend sublist $file
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {$perfile_attrs} {
+	cache_gitattr encoding $sublist
+    }
+    if {![eof $gdtf]} {
+	return [expr {$nr >= $max? 2: 1}]
+    }
+    close $gdtf
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	set flist {}
+	foreach f $treediff {
+	    if {[path_filter $vfilelimit($curview) $f]} {
+		lappend flist $f
+	    }
+	}
+	set treediffs($ids) $flist
+    } else {
+	set treediffs($ids) $treediff
+    }
+    unset treepending
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree" && [llength $diffids] == 1} {
+	gettree $diffids
+    } elseif {$ids != $diffids} {
+	if {![info exists diffmergeid]} {
+	    gettreediffs $diffids
+	}
+    } else {
+	addtocflist $ids
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+# empty string or positive integer
+proc diffcontextvalidate {v} {
+    return [regexp {^(|[1-9][0-9]*)$} $v]
+}
+
+proc diffcontextchange {n1 n2 op} {
+    global diffcontextstring diffcontext
+
+    if {[string is integer -strict $diffcontextstring]} {
+	if {$diffcontextstring >= 0} {
+	    set diffcontext $diffcontextstring
+	    reselectline
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc changeignorespace {} {
+    reselectline
+}
+
+proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
+    global blobdifffd diffids env
+    global diffinhdr treediffs
+    global diffcontext
+    global ignorespace
+    global limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
+    global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
+    global git_version
+
+    set textconv {}
+    if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.1"] >= 0} {
+	set textconv "--textconv"
+    }
+    set submodule {}
+    if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.6"] >= 0} {
+	set submodule "--submodule"
+    }
+    set cmd [diffcmd $ids "-p $textconv $submodule  -C --cc --no-commit-id -U$diffcontext"]
+    if {$ignorespace} {
+	append cmd " -w"
+    }
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    if {[catch {set bdf [open $cmd r]} err]} {
+	error_popup [mc "Error getting diffs: %s" $err]
+	return
+    }
+    set targetline {}
+    set diffnparents 0
+    set diffinhdr 0
+    set diffencoding [get_path_encoding {}]
+    fconfigure $bdf -blocking 0 -encoding binary -eofchar {}
+    set blobdifffd($ids) $bdf
+    filerun $bdf [list getblobdiffline $bdf $diffids]
+}
+
+proc savecmitpos {} {
+    global ctext cmitmode
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
+	return {}
+    }
+    return [list target_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]]
+}
+
+proc savectextpos {} {
+    global ctext
+
+    return [list target_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]]
+}
+
+proc maybe_scroll_ctext {ateof} {
+    global ctext target_scrollpos
+
+    if {![info exists target_scrollpos]} return
+    if {!$ateof} {
+	set nlines [expr {[winfo height $ctext]
+			  / [font metrics textfont -linespace]}]
+	if {[$ctext compare "$target_scrollpos + $nlines lines" <= end]} return
+    }
+    $ctext yview $target_scrollpos
+    unset target_scrollpos
+}
+
+proc setinlist {var i val} {
+    global $var
+
+    while {[llength [set $var]] < $i} {
+	lappend $var {}
+    }
+    if {[llength [set $var]] == $i} {
+	lappend $var $val
+    } else {
+	lset $var $i $val
+    }
+}
+
+proc makediffhdr {fname ids} {
+    global ctext curdiffstart treediffs diffencoding
+    global ctext_file_names jump_to_here targetline diffline
+
+    set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
+    set diffencoding [get_path_encoding $fname]
+    set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+    }
+    lset ctext_file_names end $fname
+    set l [expr {(78 - [string length $fname]) / 2}]
+    set pad [string range "----------------------------------------" 1 $l]
+    $ctext insert $curdiffstart "$pad $fname $pad" filesep
+    set targetline {}
+    if {$jump_to_here ne {} && [lindex $jump_to_here 0] eq $fname} {
+	set targetline [lindex $jump_to_here 1]
+    }
+    set diffline 0
+}
+
+proc getblobdiffline {bdf ids} {
+    global diffids blobdifffd ctext curdiffstart
+    global diffnexthead diffnextnote difffilestart
+    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
+    global diffinhdr treediffs mergemax diffnparents
+    global diffencoding jump_to_here targetline diffline
+
+    set nr 0
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    while {[incr nr] <= 1000 && [gets $bdf line] >= 0} {
+	if {$ids != $diffids || $bdf != $blobdifffd($ids)} {
+	    catch {close $bdf}
+	    return 0
+	}
+	if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
+	    if {![regexp {^diff (--cc|--git) } $line m type]} {
+		set line [encoding convertfrom $line]
+		$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+		continue
+	    }
+	    # start of a new file
+	    set diffinhdr 1
+	    $ctext insert end "\n"
+	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	    lappend ctext_file_names ""
+	    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+	    $ctext insert end "\n" filesep
+
+	    if {$type eq "--cc"} {
+		# start of a new file in a merge diff
+		set fname [string range $line 10 end]
+		if {[lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname] < 0} {
+		    lappend treediffs($ids) $fname
+		    add_flist [list $fname]
+		}
+
+	    } else {
+		set line [string range $line 11 end]
+		# If the name hasn't changed the length will be odd,
+		# the middle char will be a space, and the two bits either
+		# side will be a/name and b/name, or "a/name" and "b/name".
+		# If the name has changed we'll get "rename from" and
+		# "rename to" or "copy from" and "copy to" lines following
+		# this, and we'll use them to get the filenames.
+		# This complexity is necessary because spaces in the
+		# filename(s) don't get escaped.
+		set l [string length $line]
+		set i [expr {$l / 2}]
+		if {!(($l & 1) && [string index $line $i] eq " " &&
+		      [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]] eq \
+			  [string range $line [expr {$i + 3}] end])} {
+		    continue
+		}
+		# unescape if quoted and chop off the a/ from the front
+		if {[string index $line 0] eq "\""} {
+		    set fname [string range [lindex $line 0] 2 end]
+		} else {
+		    set fname [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]]
+		}
+	    }
+	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 16 "* Unmerged path " $line]} {
+	    set fname [encoding convertfrom [string range $line 16 end]]
+	    $ctext insert end "\n"
+	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	    lappend ctext_file_names $fname
+	    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
+	    if {$i >= 0} {
+		setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+	    }
+
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 2 "@@" $line]} {
+	    regexp {^@@+} $line ats
+	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+	    if {[regexp { \+(\d+),\d+ @@} $line m nl]} {
+		set diffline $nl
+	    }
+	    set diffnparents [expr {[string length $ats] - 1}]
+	    set diffinhdr 0
+
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 10 "Submodule " $line]} {
+	    # start of a new submodule
+	    if {[string compare [$ctext get "end - 4c" end] "\n \n\n"]} {
+		$ctext insert end "\n";     # Add newline after commit message
+	    }
+	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	    lappend ctext_file_names ""
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [string last " " $line] - 1]]
+	    lappend ctext_file_lines $fname
+	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	    $ctext insert end "\n$line\n" filesep
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  >" $line]} {
+	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" dresult
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  <" $line]} {
+	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" d0
+	} elseif {$diffinhdr} {
+	    if {![string compare -length 12 "rename from " $line]} {
+		set fname [string range $line [expr 6 + [string first " from " $line] ] end]
+		if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+		    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+		}
+		set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
+		set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
+		if {$i >= 0} {
+		    setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+		}
+	    } elseif {![string compare -length 10 $line "rename to "] ||
+		      ![string compare -length 8 $line "copy to "]} {
+		set fname [string range $line [expr 4 + [string first " to " $line] ] end]
+		if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+		    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+		}
+		makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	    } elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "---"] == 0} {
+		# do nothing
+		continue
+	    } elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "+++"] == 0} {
+		set diffinhdr 0
+		continue
+	    }
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
+
+	} else {
+	    set line [string map {\x1A ^Z} \
+                          [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]]
+	    # parse the prefix - one ' ', '-' or '+' for each parent
+	    set prefix [string range $line 0 [expr {$diffnparents - 1}]]
+	    set tag [expr {$diffnparents > 1? "m": "d"}]
+	    if {[string trim $prefix " -+"] eq {}} {
+		# prefix only has " ", "-" and "+" in it: normal diff line
+		set num [string first "-" $prefix]
+		if {$num >= 0} {
+		    # removed line, first parent with line is $num
+		    if {$num >= $mergemax} {
+			set num "max"
+		    }
+		    $ctext insert end "$line\n" $tag$num
+		} else {
+		    set tags {}
+		    if {[string first "+" $prefix] >= 0} {
+			# added line
+			lappend tags ${tag}result
+			if {$diffnparents > 1} {
+			    set num [string first " " $prefix]
+			    if {$num >= 0} {
+				if {$num >= $mergemax} {
+				    set num "max"
+				}
+				lappend tags m$num
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		    if {$targetline ne {}} {
+			if {$diffline == $targetline} {
+			    set seehere [$ctext index "end - 1 chars"]
+			    set targetline {}
+			} else {
+			    incr diffline
+			}
+		    }
+		    $ctext insert end "$line\n" $tags
+		}
+	    } else {
+		# "\ No newline at end of file",
+		# or something else we don't recognize
+		$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {[info exists seehere]} {
+	mark_ctext_line [lindex [split $seehere .] 0]
+    }
+    maybe_scroll_ctext [eof $bdf]
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    if {[eof $bdf]} {
+	catch {close $bdf}
+	return 0
+    }
+    return [expr {$nr >= 1000? 2: 1}]
+}
+
+proc changediffdisp {} {
+    global ctext diffelide
+
+    $ctext tag conf d0 -elide [lindex $diffelide 0]
+    $ctext tag conf dresult -elide [lindex $diffelide 1]
+}
+
+proc highlightfile {loc cline} {
+    global ctext cflist cflist_top
+
+    $ctext yview $loc
+    $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
+    $cflist tag add highlight $cline.0 "$cline.0 lineend"
+    $cflist see $cline.0
+    set cflist_top $cline
+}
+
+proc prevfile {} {
+    global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    set prev 0.0
+    set prevline 1
+    set here [$ctext index @0,0]
+    foreach loc $difffilestart {
+	if {[$ctext compare $loc >= $here]} {
+	    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+	    return
+	}
+	set prev $loc
+	incr prevline
+    }
+    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+}
+
+proc nextfile {} {
+    global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    set here [$ctext index @0,0]
+    set line 1
+    foreach loc $difffilestart {
+	incr line
+	if {[$ctext compare $loc > $here]} {
+	    highlightfile $loc $line
+	    return
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc clear_ctext {{first 1.0}} {
+    global ctext smarktop smarkbot
+    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
+    global pendinglinks
+
+    set l [lindex [split $first .] 0]
+    if {![info exists smarktop] || [$ctext compare $first < $smarktop.0]} {
+	set smarktop $l
+    }
+    if {![info exists smarkbot] || [$ctext compare $first < $smarkbot.0]} {
+	set smarkbot $l
+    }
+    $ctext delete $first end
+    if {$first eq "1.0"} {
+	catch {unset pendinglinks}
+    }
+    set ctext_file_names {}
+    set ctext_file_lines {}
+}
+
+proc settabs {{firstab {}}} {
+    global firsttabstop tabstop ctext have_tk85
+
+    if {$firstab ne {} && $have_tk85} {
+	set firsttabstop $firstab
+    }
+    set w [font measure textfont "0"]
+    if {$firsttabstop != 0} {
+	$ctext conf -tabs [list [expr {($firsttabstop + $tabstop) * $w}] \
+			       [expr {($firsttabstop + 2 * $tabstop) * $w}]]
+    } elseif {$have_tk85 || $tabstop != 8} {
+	$ctext conf -tabs [expr {$tabstop * $w}]
+    } else {
+	$ctext conf -tabs {}
+    }
+}
+
+proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
+    global ctext searchstring searchdirn
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    if {[catch {$ctext index anchor}]} {
+	# no anchor set, use start of selection, or of visible area
+	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+	if {$sel ne {}} {
+	    $ctext mark set anchor [lindex $sel 0]
+	} elseif {$searchdirn eq "-forwards"} {
+	    $ctext mark set anchor @0,0
+	} else {
+	    $ctext mark set anchor @0,[winfo height $ctext]
+	}
+    }
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	set here [$ctext search $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
+	if {$here ne {}} {
+	    $ctext see $here
+	}
+	searchmarkvisible 1
+    }
+}
+
+proc dosearch {} {
+    global sstring ctext searchstring searchdirn
+
+    focus $sstring
+    $sstring icursor end
+    set searchdirn -forwards
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+	if {$sel ne {}} {
+	    set start "[lindex $sel 0] + 1c"
+	} elseif {[catch {set start [$ctext index anchor]}]} {
+	    set start "@0,0"
+	}
+	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $start]
+	$ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	if {$match eq {}} {
+	    bell
+	    return
+	}
+	$ctext see $match
+	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
+	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
+	$ctext mark unset anchor
+    }
+}
+
+proc dosearchback {} {
+    global sstring ctext searchstring searchdirn
+
+    focus $sstring
+    $sstring icursor end
+    set searchdirn -backwards
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+	if {$sel ne {}} {
+	    set start [lindex $sel 0]
+	} elseif {[catch {set start [$ctext index anchor]}]} {
+	    set start @0,[winfo height $ctext]
+	}
+	set match [$ctext search -backwards -count ml -- $searchstring $start]
+	$ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	if {$match eq {}} {
+	    bell
+	    return
+	}
+	$ctext see $match
+	set mend "$match + $ml c"
+	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
+	$ctext mark unset anchor
+    }
+}
+
+proc searchmark {first last} {
+    global ctext searchstring
+
+    set mend $first.0
+    while {1} {
+	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $mend $last.end]
+	if {$match eq {}} break
+	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
+	$ctext tag add found $match $mend
+    }
+}
+
+proc searchmarkvisible {doall} {
+    global ctext smarktop smarkbot
+
+    set topline [lindex [split [$ctext index @0,0] .] 0]
+    set botline [lindex [split [$ctext index @0,[winfo height $ctext]] .] 0]
+    if {$doall || $botline < $smarktop || $topline > $smarkbot} {
+	# no overlap with previous
+	searchmark $topline $botline
+	set smarktop $topline
+	set smarkbot $botline
+    } else {
+	if {$topline < $smarktop} {
+	    searchmark $topline [expr {$smarktop-1}]
+	    set smarktop $topline
+	}
+	if {$botline > $smarkbot} {
+	    searchmark [expr {$smarkbot+1}] $botline
+	    set smarkbot $botline
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
+    global searchstring
+
+    .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	searchmarkvisible 0
+    }
+}
+
+proc setcoords {} {
+    global linespc charspc canvx0 canvy0
+    global xspc1 xspc2 lthickness
+
+    set linespc [font metrics mainfont -linespace]
+    set charspc [font measure mainfont "m"]
+    set canvy0 [expr {int(3 + 0.5 * $linespc)}]
+    set canvx0 [expr {int(3 + 0.5 * $linespc)}]
+    set lthickness [expr {int($linespc / 9) + 1}]
+    set xspc1(0) $linespc
+    set xspc2 $linespc
+}
+
+proc redisplay {} {
+    global canv
+    global selectedline
+
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    if {$ymax eq {} || $ymax == 0} return
+    set span [$canv yview]
+    clear_display
+    setcanvscroll
+    allcanvs yview moveto [lindex $span 0]
+    drawvisible
+    if {$selectedline ne {}} {
+	selectline $selectedline 0
+	allcanvs yview moveto [lindex $span 0]
+    }
+}
+
+proc parsefont {f n} {
+    global fontattr
+
+    set fontattr($f,family) [lindex $n 0]
+    set s [lindex $n 1]
+    if {$s eq {} || $s == 0} {
+	set s 10
+    } elseif {$s < 0} {
+	set s [expr {int(-$s / [winfo fpixels . 1p] + 0.5)}]
+    }
+    set fontattr($f,size) $s
+    set fontattr($f,weight) normal
+    set fontattr($f,slant) roman
+    foreach style [lrange $n 2 end] {
+	switch -- $style {
+	    "normal" -
+	    "bold"   {set fontattr($f,weight) $style}
+	    "roman" -
+	    "italic" {set fontattr($f,slant) $style}
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc fontflags {f {isbold 0}} {
+    global fontattr
+
+    return [list -family $fontattr($f,family) -size $fontattr($f,size) \
+		-weight [expr {$isbold? "bold": $fontattr($f,weight)}] \
+		-slant $fontattr($f,slant)]
+}
+
+proc fontname {f} {
+    global fontattr
+
+    set n [list $fontattr($f,family) $fontattr($f,size)]
+    if {$fontattr($f,weight) eq "bold"} {
+	lappend n "bold"
+    }
+    if {$fontattr($f,slant) eq "italic"} {
+	lappend n "italic"
+    }
+    return $n
+}
+
+proc incrfont {inc} {
+    global mainfont textfont ctext canv cflist showrefstop
+    global stopped entries fontattr
+
+    unmarkmatches
+    set s $fontattr(mainfont,size)
+    incr s $inc
+    if {$s < 1} {
+	set s 1
+    }
+    set fontattr(mainfont,size) $s
+    font config mainfont -size $s
+    font config mainfontbold -size $s
+    set mainfont [fontname mainfont]
+    set s $fontattr(textfont,size)
+    incr s $inc
+    if {$s < 1} {
+	set s 1
+    }
+    set fontattr(textfont,size) $s
+    font config textfont -size $s
+    font config textfontbold -size $s
+    set textfont [fontname textfont]
+    setcoords
+    settabs
+    redisplay
+}
+
+proc clearsha1 {} {
+    global sha1entry sha1string
+    if {[string length $sha1string] == 40} {
+	$sha1entry delete 0 end
+    }
+}
+
+proc sha1change {n1 n2 op} {
+    global sha1string currentid sha1but
+    if {$sha1string == {}
+	|| ([info exists currentid] && $sha1string == $currentid)} {
+	set state disabled
+    } else {
+	set state normal
+    }
+    if {[$sha1but cget -state] == $state} return
+    if {$state == "normal"} {
+	$sha1but conf -state normal -relief raised -text "[mc "Goto:"] "
+    } else {
+	$sha1but conf -state disabled -relief flat -text "[mc "SHA1 ID:"] "
+    }
+}
+
+proc gotocommit {} {
+    global sha1string tagids headids curview varcid
+
+    if {$sha1string == {}
+	|| ([info exists currentid] && $sha1string == $currentid)} return
+    if {[info exists tagids($sha1string)]} {
+	set id $tagids($sha1string)
+    } elseif {[info exists headids($sha1string)]} {
+	set id $headids($sha1string)
+    } else {
+	set id [string tolower $sha1string]
+	if {[regexp {^[0-9a-f]{4,39}$} $id]} {
+	    set matches [longid $id]
+	    if {$matches ne {}} {
+		if {[llength $matches] > 1} {
+		    error_popup [mc "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous" $id]
+		    return
+		}
+		set id [lindex $matches 0]
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    if {[catch {set id [exec git rev-parse --verify $sha1string]}]} {
+		error_popup [mc "Revision %s is not known" $sha1string]
+		return
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
+	selectline [rowofcommit $id] 1
+	return
+    }
+    if {[regexp {^[0-9a-fA-F]{4,}$} $sha1string]} {
+	set msg [mc "SHA1 id %s is not known" $sha1string]
+    } else {
+	set msg [mc "Revision %s is not in the current view" $sha1string]
+    }
+    error_popup $msg
+}
+
+proc lineenter {x y id} {
+    global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
+    global commitinfo canv
+
+    if {![info exists commitinfo($id)] && ![getcommit $id]} return
+    set hoverx $x
+    set hovery $y
+    set hoverid $id
+    if {[info exists hovertimer]} {
+	after cancel $hovertimer
+    }
+    set hovertimer [after 500 linehover]
+    $canv delete hover
+}
+
+proc linemotion {x y id} {
+    global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
+
+    if {[info exists hoverid] && $id == $hoverid} {
+	set hoverx $x
+	set hovery $y
+	if {[info exists hovertimer]} {
+	    after cancel $hovertimer
+	}
+	set hovertimer [after 500 linehover]
+    }
+}
+
+proc lineleave {id} {
+    global hoverid hovertimer canv
+
+    if {[info exists hoverid] && $id == $hoverid} {
+	$canv delete hover
+	if {[info exists hovertimer]} {
+	    after cancel $hovertimer
+	    unset hovertimer
+	}
+	unset hoverid
+    }
+}
+
+proc linehover {} {
+    global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
+    global canv linespc lthickness
+    global commitinfo
+
+    set text [lindex $commitinfo($hoverid) 0]
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    if {$ymax == {}} return
+    set yfrac [lindex [$canv yview] 0]
+    set x [expr {$hoverx + 2 * $linespc}]
+    set y [expr {$hovery + $yfrac * $ymax - $linespc / 2}]
+    set x0 [expr {$x - 2 * $lthickness}]
+    set y0 [expr {$y - 2 * $lthickness}]
+    set x1 [expr {$x + [font measure mainfont $text] + 2 * $lthickness}]
+    set y1 [expr {$y + $linespc + 2 * $lthickness}]
+    set t [$canv create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
+	       -fill \#ffff80 -outline black -width 1 -tags hover]
+    $canv raise $t
+    set t [$canv create text $x $y -anchor nw -text $text -tags hover \
+	       -font mainfont]
+    $canv raise $t
+}
+
+proc clickisonarrow {id y} {
+    global lthickness
+
+    set ranges [rowranges $id]
+    set thresh [expr {2 * $lthickness + 6}]
+    set n [expr {[llength $ranges] - 1}]
+    for {set i 1} {$i < $n} {incr i} {
+	set row [lindex $ranges $i]
+	if {abs([yc $row] - $y) < $thresh} {
+	    return $i
+	}
+    }
+    return {}
+}
+
+proc arrowjump {id n y} {
+    global canv
+
+    # 1 <-> 2, 3 <-> 4, etc...
+    set n [expr {(($n - 1) ^ 1) + 1}]
+    set row [lindex [rowranges $id] $n]
+    set yt [yc $row]
+    set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+    if {$ymax eq {} || $ymax <= 0} return
+    set view [$canv yview]
+    set yspan [expr {[lindex $view 1] - [lindex $view 0]}]
+    set yfrac [expr {$yt / $ymax - $yspan / 2}]
+    if {$yfrac < 0} {
+	set yfrac 0
+    }
+    allcanvs yview moveto $yfrac
+}
+
+proc lineclick {x y id isnew} {
+    global ctext commitinfo children canv thickerline curview
+
+    if {![info exists commitinfo($id)] && ![getcommit $id]} return
+    unmarkmatches
+    unselectline
+    normalline
+    $canv delete hover
+    # draw this line thicker than normal
+    set thickerline $id
+    drawlines $id
+    if {$isnew} {
+	set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
+	if {$ymax eq {}} return
+	set yfrac [lindex [$canv yview] 0]
+	set y [expr {$y + $yfrac * $ymax}]
+    }
+    set dirn [clickisonarrow $id $y]
+    if {$dirn ne {}} {
+	arrowjump $id $dirn $y
+	return
+    }
+
+    if {$isnew} {
+	addtohistory [list lineclick $x $y $id 0] savectextpos
+    }
+    # fill the details pane with info about this line
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    settabs 0
+    $ctext insert end "[mc "Parent"]:\t"
+    $ctext insert end $id link0
+    setlink $id link0
+    set info $commitinfo($id)
+    $ctext insert end "\n\t[lindex $info 0]\n"
+    $ctext insert end "\t[mc "Author"]:\t[lindex $info 1]\n"
+    set date [formatdate [lindex $info 2]]
+    $ctext insert end "\t[mc "Date"]:\t$date\n"
+    set kids $children($curview,$id)
+    if {$kids ne {}} {
+	$ctext insert end "\n[mc "Children"]:"
+	set i 0
+	foreach child $kids {
+	    incr i
+	    if {![info exists commitinfo($child)] && ![getcommit $child]} continue
+	    set info $commitinfo($child)
+	    $ctext insert end "\n\t"
+	    $ctext insert end $child link$i
+	    setlink $child link$i
+	    $ctext insert end "\n\t[lindex $info 0]"
+	    $ctext insert end "\n\t[mc "Author"]:\t[lindex $info 1]"
+	    set date [formatdate [lindex $info 2]]
+	    $ctext insert end "\n\t[mc "Date"]:\t$date\n"
+	}
+    }
+    maybe_scroll_ctext 1
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    init_flist {}
+}
+
+proc normalline {} {
+    global thickerline
+    if {[info exists thickerline]} {
+	set id $thickerline
+	unset thickerline
+	drawlines $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc selbyid {id {isnew 1}} {
+    global curview
+    if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
+	selectline [rowofcommit $id] $isnew
+    }
+}
+
+proc mstime {} {
+    global startmstime
+    if {![info exists startmstime]} {
+	set startmstime [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    }
+    return [format "%.3f" [expr {([clock click -milliseconds] - $startmstime) / 1000.0}]]
+}
+
+proc rowmenu {x y id} {
+    global rowctxmenu selectedline rowmenuid curview
+    global nullid nullid2 fakerowmenu mainhead markedid
+
+    stopfinding
+    set rowmenuid $id
+    if {$selectedline eq {} || [rowofcommit $id] eq $selectedline} {
+	set state disabled
+    } else {
+	set state normal
+    }
+    if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
+	set menu $rowctxmenu
+	if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+	    $menu entryconfigure 7 -label [mc "Reset %s branch to here" $mainhead] -state normal
+	} else {
+	    $menu entryconfigure 7 -label [mc "Detached head: can't reset" $mainhead] -state disabled
+	}
+	if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid ne $id} {
+	    $menu entryconfigure 9 -state normal
+	    $menu entryconfigure 10 -state normal
+	    $menu entryconfigure 11 -state normal
+	} else {
+	    $menu entryconfigure 9 -state disabled
+	    $menu entryconfigure 10 -state disabled
+	    $menu entryconfigure 11 -state disabled
+	}
+    } else {
+	set menu $fakerowmenu
+    }
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff this -> selected"] -state $state
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff selected -> this"] -state $state
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Make patch"] -state $state
+    tk_popup $menu $x $y
+}
+
+proc markhere {} {
+    global rowmenuid markedid canv
+
+    set markedid $rowmenuid
+    make_idmark $markedid
+}
+
+proc gotomark {} {
+    global markedid
+
+    if {[info exists markedid]} {
+	selbyid $markedid
+    }
+}
+
+proc replace_by_kids {l r} {
+    global curview children
+
+    set id [commitonrow $r]
+    set l [lreplace $l 0 0]
+    foreach kid $children($curview,$id) {
+	lappend l [rowofcommit $kid]
+    }
+    return [lsort -integer -decreasing -unique $l]
+}
+
+proc find_common_desc {} {
+    global markedid rowmenuid curview children
+
+    if {![info exists markedid]} return
+    if {![commitinview $markedid $curview] ||
+	![commitinview $rowmenuid $curview]} return
+    #set t1 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set l1 [list [rowofcommit $markedid]]
+    set l2 [list [rowofcommit $rowmenuid]]
+    while 1 {
+	set r1 [lindex $l1 0]
+	set r2 [lindex $l2 0]
+	if {$r1 eq {} || $r2 eq {}} break
+	if {$r1 == $r2} {
+	    selectline $r1 1
+	    break
+	}
+	if {$r1 > $r2} {
+	    set l1 [replace_by_kids $l1 $r1]
+	} else {
+	    set l2 [replace_by_kids $l2 $r2]
+	}
+    }
+    #set t2 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    #puts "took [expr {$t2-$t1}]ms"
+}
+
+proc compare_commits {} {
+    global markedid rowmenuid curview children
+
+    if {![info exists markedid]} return
+    if {![commitinview $markedid $curview]} return
+    addtohistory [list do_cmp_commits $markedid $rowmenuid]
+    do_cmp_commits $markedid $rowmenuid
+}
+
+proc getpatchid {id} {
+    global patchids
+
+    if {![info exists patchids($id)]} {
+	set cmd [diffcmd [list $id] {-p --root}]
+	# trim off the initial "|"
+	set cmd [lrange $cmd 1 end]
+	if {[catch {
+	    set x [eval exec $cmd | git patch-id]
+	    set patchids($id) [lindex $x 0]
+	}]} {
+	    set patchids($id) "error"
+	}
+    }
+    return $patchids($id)
+}
+
+proc do_cmp_commits {a b} {
+    global ctext curview parents children patchids commitinfo
+
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    init_flist {}
+    for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+	set skipa 0
+	set skipb 0
+	if {[llength $parents($curview,$a)] > 1} {
+	    appendshortlink $a [mc "Skipping merge commit "] "\n"
+	    set skipa 1
+	} else {
+	    set patcha [getpatchid $a]
+	}
+	if {[llength $parents($curview,$b)] > 1} {
+	    appendshortlink $b [mc "Skipping merge commit "] "\n"
+	    set skipb 1
+	} else {
+	    set patchb [getpatchid $b]
+	}
+	if {!$skipa && !$skipb} {
+	    set heada [lindex $commitinfo($a) 0]
+	    set headb [lindex $commitinfo($b) 0]
+	    if {$patcha eq "error"} {
+		appendshortlink $a [mc "Error getting patch ID for "] \
+		    [mc " - stopping\n"]
+		break
+	    }
+	    if {$patchb eq "error"} {
+		appendshortlink $b [mc "Error getting patch ID for "] \
+		    [mc " - stopping\n"]
+		break
+	    }
+	    if {$patcha eq $patchb} {
+		if {$heada eq $headb} {
+		    appendshortlink $a [mc "Commit "]
+		    appendshortlink $b " == " "  $heada\n"
+		} else {
+		    appendshortlink $a [mc "Commit "] "  $heada\n"
+		    appendshortlink $b [mc " is the same patch as\n       "] \
+			"  $headb\n"
+		}
+		set skipa 1
+		set skipb 1
+	    } else {
+		$ctext insert end "\n"
+		appendshortlink $a [mc "Commit "] "  $heada\n"
+		appendshortlink $b [mc " differs from\n       "] \
+		    "  $headb\n"
+		$ctext insert end [mc "Diff of commits:\n\n"]
+		$ctext conf -state disabled
+		update
+		diffcommits $a $b
+		return
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$skipa} {
+	    set kids [real_children $curview,$a]
+	    if {[llength $kids] != 1} {
+		$ctext insert end "\n"
+		appendshortlink $a [mc "Commit "] \
+		    [mc " has %s children - stopping\n" [llength $kids]]
+		break
+	    }
+	    set a [lindex $kids 0]
+	}
+	if {$skipb} {
+	    set kids [real_children $curview,$b]
+	    if {[llength $kids] != 1} {
+		appendshortlink $b [mc "Commit "] \
+		    [mc " has %s children - stopping\n" [llength $kids]]
+		break
+	    }
+	    set b [lindex $kids 0]
+	}
+    }
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+}
+
+proc diffcommits {a b} {
+    global diffcontext diffids blobdifffd diffinhdr
+
+    set tmpdir [gitknewtmpdir]
+    set fna [file join $tmpdir "commit-[string range $a 0 7]"]
+    set fnb [file join $tmpdir "commit-[string range $b 0 7]"]
+    if {[catch {
+	exec git diff-tree -p --pretty $a >$fna
+	exec git diff-tree -p --pretty $b >$fnb
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup [mc "Error writing commit to file: %s" $err]
+	return
+    }
+    if {[catch {
+	set fd [open "| diff -U$diffcontext $fna $fnb" r]
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup [mc "Error diffing commits: %s" $err]
+	return
+    }
+    set diffids [list commits $a $b]
+    set blobdifffd($diffids) $fd
+    set diffinhdr 0
+    filerun $fd [list getblobdiffline $fd $diffids]
+}
+
+proc diffvssel {dirn} {
+    global rowmenuid selectedline
+
+    if {$selectedline eq {}} return
+    if {$dirn} {
+	set oldid [commitonrow $selectedline]
+	set newid $rowmenuid
+    } else {
+	set oldid $rowmenuid
+	set newid [commitonrow $selectedline]
+    }
+    addtohistory [list doseldiff $oldid $newid] savectextpos
+    doseldiff $oldid $newid
+}
+
+proc doseldiff {oldid newid} {
+    global ctext
+    global commitinfo
+
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    init_flist [mc "Top"]
+    $ctext insert end "[mc "From"] "
+    $ctext insert end $oldid link0
+    setlink $oldid link0
+    $ctext insert end "\n     "
+    $ctext insert end [lindex $commitinfo($oldid) 0]
+    $ctext insert end "\n\n[mc "To"]   "
+    $ctext insert end $newid link1
+    setlink $newid link1
+    $ctext insert end "\n     "
+    $ctext insert end [lindex $commitinfo($newid) 0]
+    $ctext insert end "\n"
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    startdiff [list $oldid $newid]
+}
+
+proc mkpatch {} {
+    global rowmenuid currentid commitinfo patchtop patchnum NS
+
+    if {![info exists currentid]} return
+    set oldid $currentid
+    set oldhead [lindex $commitinfo($oldid) 0]
+    set newid $rowmenuid
+    set newhead [lindex $commitinfo($newid) 0]
+    set top .patch
+    set patchtop $top
+    catch {destroy $top}
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    make_transient $top .
+    ${NS}::label $top.title -text [mc "Generate patch"]
+    grid $top.title - -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.from -text [mc "From:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.fromsha1 -width 40
+    $top.fromsha1 insert 0 $oldid
+    $top.fromsha1 conf -state readonly
+    grid $top.from $top.fromsha1 -sticky w
+    ${NS}::entry $top.fromhead -width 60
+    $top.fromhead insert 0 $oldhead
+    $top.fromhead conf -state readonly
+    grid x $top.fromhead -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $top.to -text [mc "To:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.tosha1 -width 40
+    $top.tosha1 insert 0 $newid
+    $top.tosha1 conf -state readonly
+    grid $top.to $top.tosha1 -sticky w
+    ${NS}::entry $top.tohead -width 60
+    $top.tohead insert 0 $newhead
+    $top.tohead conf -state readonly
+    grid x $top.tohead -sticky w
+    ${NS}::button $top.rev -text [mc "Reverse"] -command mkpatchrev
+    grid $top.rev x -pady 10 -padx 5
+    ${NS}::label $top.flab -text [mc "Output file:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.fname -width 60
+    $top.fname insert 0 [file normalize "patch$patchnum.patch"]
+    incr patchnum
+    grid $top.flab $top.fname -sticky w
+    ${NS}::frame $top.buts
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.gen -text [mc "Generate"] -command mkpatchgo
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command mkpatchcan
+    bind $top <Key-Return> mkpatchgo
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> mkpatchcan
+    grid $top.buts.gen $top.buts.can
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid $top.buts - -pady 10 -sticky ew
+    focus $top.fname
+}
+
+proc mkpatchrev {} {
+    global patchtop
+
+    set oldid [$patchtop.fromsha1 get]
+    set oldhead [$patchtop.fromhead get]
+    set newid [$patchtop.tosha1 get]
+    set newhead [$patchtop.tohead get]
+    foreach e [list fromsha1 fromhead tosha1 tohead] \
+	    v [list $newid $newhead $oldid $oldhead] {
+	$patchtop.$e conf -state normal
+	$patchtop.$e delete 0 end
+	$patchtop.$e insert 0 $v
+	$patchtop.$e conf -state readonly
+    }
+}
+
+proc mkpatchgo {} {
+    global patchtop nullid nullid2
+
+    set oldid [$patchtop.fromsha1 get]
+    set newid [$patchtop.tosha1 get]
+    set fname [$patchtop.fname get]
+    set cmd [diffcmd [list $oldid $newid] -p]
+    # trim off the initial "|"
+    set cmd [lrange $cmd 1 end]
+    lappend cmd >$fname &
+    if {[catch {eval exec $cmd} err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error creating patch:"] $err" $patchtop
+    }
+    catch {destroy $patchtop}
+    unset patchtop
+}
+
+proc mkpatchcan {} {
+    global patchtop
+
+    catch {destroy $patchtop}
+    unset patchtop
+}
+
+proc mktag {} {
+    global rowmenuid mktagtop commitinfo NS
+
+    set top .maketag
+    set mktagtop $top
+    catch {destroy $top}
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    make_transient $top .
+    ${NS}::label $top.title -text [mc "Create tag"]
+    grid $top.title - -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.id -text [mc "ID:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.sha1 -width 40
+    $top.sha1 insert 0 $rowmenuid
+    $top.sha1 conf -state readonly
+    grid $top.id $top.sha1 -sticky w
+    ${NS}::entry $top.head -width 60
+    $top.head insert 0 [lindex $commitinfo($rowmenuid) 0]
+    $top.head conf -state readonly
+    grid x $top.head -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $top.tlab -text [mc "Tag name:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.tag -width 60
+    grid $top.tlab $top.tag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $top.op -text [mc "Tag message is optional"]
+    grid $top.op -columnspan 2 -sticky we
+    ${NS}::label $top.mlab -text [mc "Tag message:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.msg -width 60
+    grid $top.mlab $top.msg -sticky w
+    ${NS}::frame $top.buts
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.gen -text [mc "Create"] -command mktaggo
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command mktagcan
+    bind $top <Key-Return> mktaggo
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> mktagcan
+    grid $top.buts.gen $top.buts.can
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid $top.buts - -pady 10 -sticky ew
+    focus $top.tag
+}
+
+proc domktag {} {
+    global mktagtop env tagids idtags
+
+    set id [$mktagtop.sha1 get]
+    set tag [$mktagtop.tag get]
+    set msg [$mktagtop.msg get]
+    if {$tag == {}} {
+	error_popup [mc "No tag name specified"] $mktagtop
+	return 0
+    }
+    if {[info exists tagids($tag)]} {
+	error_popup [mc "Tag \"%s\" already exists" $tag] $mktagtop
+	return 0
+    }
+    if {[catch {
+	if {$msg != {}} {
+	    exec git tag -a -m $msg $tag $id
+	} else {
+	    exec git tag $tag $id
+	}
+    } err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error creating tag:"] $err" $mktagtop
+	return 0
+    }
+
+    set tagids($tag) $id
+    lappend idtags($id) $tag
+    redrawtags $id
+    addedtag $id
+    dispneartags 0
+    run refill_reflist
+    return 1
+}
+
+proc redrawtags {id} {
+    global canv linehtag idpos currentid curview cmitlisted markedid
+    global canvxmax iddrawn circleitem mainheadid circlecolors
+
+    if {![commitinview $id $curview]} return
+    if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} return
+    set row [rowofcommit $id]
+    if {$id eq $mainheadid} {
+	set ofill yellow
+    } else {
+	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $cmitlisted($curview,$id)]
+    }
+    $canv itemconf $circleitem($row) -fill $ofill
+    $canv delete tag.$id
+    set xt [eval drawtags $id $idpos($id)]
+    $canv coords $linehtag($id) $xt [lindex $idpos($id) 2]
+    set text [$canv itemcget $linehtag($id) -text]
+    set font [$canv itemcget $linehtag($id) -font]
+    set xr [expr {$xt + [font measure $font $text]}]
+    if {$xr > $canvxmax} {
+	set canvxmax $xr
+	setcanvscroll
+    }
+    if {[info exists currentid] && $currentid == $id} {
+	make_secsel $id
+    }
+    if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid eq $id} {
+	make_idmark $id
+    }
+}
+
+proc mktagcan {} {
+    global mktagtop
+
+    catch {destroy $mktagtop}
+    unset mktagtop
+}
+
+proc mktaggo {} {
+    if {![domktag]} return
+    mktagcan
+}
+
+proc writecommit {} {
+    global rowmenuid wrcomtop commitinfo wrcomcmd NS
+
+    set top .writecommit
+    set wrcomtop $top
+    catch {destroy $top}
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    make_transient $top .
+    ${NS}::label $top.title -text [mc "Write commit to file"]
+    grid $top.title - -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.id -text [mc "ID:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.sha1 -width 40
+    $top.sha1 insert 0 $rowmenuid
+    $top.sha1 conf -state readonly
+    grid $top.id $top.sha1 -sticky w
+    ${NS}::entry $top.head -width 60
+    $top.head insert 0 [lindex $commitinfo($rowmenuid) 0]
+    $top.head conf -state readonly
+    grid x $top.head -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $top.clab -text [mc "Command:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.cmd -width 60 -textvariable wrcomcmd
+    grid $top.clab $top.cmd -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.flab -text [mc "Output file:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.fname -width 60
+    $top.fname insert 0 [file normalize "commit-[string range $rowmenuid 0 6]"]
+    grid $top.flab $top.fname -sticky w
+    ${NS}::frame $top.buts
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.gen -text [mc "Write"] -command wrcomgo
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command wrcomcan
+    bind $top <Key-Return> wrcomgo
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> wrcomcan
+    grid $top.buts.gen $top.buts.can
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid $top.buts - -pady 10 -sticky ew
+    focus $top.fname
+}
+
+proc wrcomgo {} {
+    global wrcomtop
+
+    set id [$wrcomtop.sha1 get]
+    set cmd "echo $id | [$wrcomtop.cmd get]"
+    set fname [$wrcomtop.fname get]
+    if {[catch {exec sh -c $cmd >$fname &} err]} {
+	error_popup "[mc "Error writing commit:"] $err" $wrcomtop
+    }
+    catch {destroy $wrcomtop}
+    unset wrcomtop
+}
+
+proc wrcomcan {} {
+    global wrcomtop
+
+    catch {destroy $wrcomtop}
+    unset wrcomtop
+}
+
+proc mkbranch {} {
+    global rowmenuid mkbrtop NS
+
+    set top .makebranch
+    catch {destroy $top}
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    make_transient $top .
+    ${NS}::label $top.title -text [mc "Create new branch"]
+    grid $top.title - -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.id -text [mc "ID:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.sha1 -width 40
+    $top.sha1 insert 0 $rowmenuid
+    $top.sha1 conf -state readonly
+    grid $top.id $top.sha1 -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $top.nlab -text [mc "Name:"]
+    ${NS}::entry $top.name -width 40
+    grid $top.nlab $top.name -sticky w
+    ${NS}::frame $top.buts
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.go -text [mc "Create"] -command [list mkbrgo $top]
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command "catch {destroy $top}"
+    bind $top <Key-Return> [list mkbrgo $top]
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> "catch {destroy $top}"
+    grid $top.buts.go $top.buts.can
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid $top.buts - -pady 10 -sticky ew
+    focus $top.name
+}
+
+proc mkbrgo {top} {
+    global headids idheads
+
+    set name [$top.name get]
+    set id [$top.sha1 get]
+    set cmdargs {}
+    set old_id {}
+    if {$name eq {}} {
+	error_popup [mc "Please specify a name for the new branch"] $top
+	return
+    }
+    if {[info exists headids($name)]} {
+	if {![confirm_popup [mc \
+		"Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?" $name] $top]} {
+	    return
+	}
+	set old_id $headids($name)
+	lappend cmdargs -f
+    }
+    catch {destroy $top}
+    lappend cmdargs $name $id
+    nowbusy newbranch
+    update
+    if {[catch {
+	eval exec git branch $cmdargs
+    } err]} {
+	notbusy newbranch
+	error_popup $err
+    } else {
+	notbusy newbranch
+	if {$old_id ne {}} {
+	    movehead $id $name
+	    movedhead $id $name
+	    redrawtags $old_id
+	    redrawtags $id
+	} else {
+	    set headids($name) $id
+	    lappend idheads($id) $name
+	    addedhead $id $name
+	    redrawtags $id
+	}
+	dispneartags 0
+	run refill_reflist
+    }
+}
+
+proc exec_citool {tool_args {baseid {}}} {
+    global commitinfo env
+
+    set save_env [array get env GIT_AUTHOR_*]
+
+    if {$baseid ne {}} {
+	if {![info exists commitinfo($baseid)]} {
+	    getcommit $baseid
+	}
+	set author [lindex $commitinfo($baseid) 1]
+	set date [lindex $commitinfo($baseid) 2]
+	if {[regexp {^\s*(\S.*\S|\S)\s*<(.*)>\s*$} \
+	            $author author name email]
+	    && $date ne {}} {
+	    set env(GIT_AUTHOR_NAME) $name
+	    set env(GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL) $email
+	    set env(GIT_AUTHOR_DATE) $date
+	}
+    }
+
+    eval exec git citool $tool_args &
+
+    array unset env GIT_AUTHOR_*
+    array set env $save_env
+}
+
+proc cherrypick {} {
+    global rowmenuid curview
+    global mainhead mainheadid
+
+    set oldhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    set dheads [descheads $rowmenuid]
+    if {$dheads ne {} && [lsearch -exact $dheads $oldhead] >= 0} {
+	set ok [confirm_popup [mc "Commit %s is already\
+		included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?" \
+				   [string range $rowmenuid 0 7] $mainhead]]
+	if {!$ok} return
+    }
+    nowbusy cherrypick [mc "Cherry-picking"]
+    update
+    # Unfortunately git-cherry-pick writes stuff to stderr even when
+    # no error occurs, and exec takes that as an indication of error...
+    if {[catch {exec sh -c "git cherry-pick -r $rowmenuid 2>&1"} err]} {
+	notbusy cherrypick
+	if {[regexp -line \
+		 {Entry '(.*)' (would be overwritten by merge|not uptodate)} \
+		 $err msg fname]} {
+	    error_popup [mc "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes\
+			to file '%s'.\nPlease commit, reset or stash\
+			your changes and try again." $fname]
+	} elseif {[regexp -line \
+		       {^(CONFLICT \(.*\):|Automatic cherry-pick failed)} \
+		       $err]} {
+	    if {[confirm_popup [mc "Cherry-pick failed because of merge\
+			conflict.\nDo you wish to run git citool to\
+			resolve it?"]]} {
+		# Force citool to read MERGE_MSG
+		file delete [file join [gitdir] "GITGUI_MSG"]
+		exec_citool {} $rowmenuid
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    error_popup $err
+	}
+	run updatecommits
+	return
+    }
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if {$newhead eq $oldhead} {
+	notbusy cherrypick
+	error_popup [mc "No changes committed"]
+	return
+    }
+    addnewchild $newhead $oldhead
+    if {[commitinview $oldhead $curview]} {
+	# XXX this isn't right if we have a path limit...
+	insertrow $newhead $oldhead $curview
+	if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+	    movehead $newhead $mainhead
+	    movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+	}
+	set mainheadid $newhead
+	redrawtags $oldhead
+	redrawtags $newhead
+	selbyid $newhead
+    }
+    notbusy cherrypick
+}
+
+proc resethead {} {
+    global mainhead rowmenuid confirm_ok resettype NS
+
+    set confirm_ok 0
+    set w ".confirmreset"
+    ttk_toplevel $w
+    make_transient $w .
+    wm title $w [mc "Confirm reset"]
+    ${NS}::label $w.m -text \
+	[mc "Reset branch %s to %s?" $mainhead [string range $rowmenuid 0 7]]
+    pack $w.m -side top -fill x -padx 20 -pady 20
+    ${NS}::labelframe $w.f -text [mc "Reset type:"]
+    set resettype mixed
+    ${NS}::radiobutton $w.f.soft -value soft -variable resettype \
+	-text [mc "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"]
+    grid $w.f.soft -sticky w
+    ${NS}::radiobutton $w.f.mixed -value mixed -variable resettype \
+	-text [mc "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"]
+    grid $w.f.mixed -sticky w
+    ${NS}::radiobutton $w.f.hard -value hard -variable resettype \
+	-text [mc "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n(discard ALL local changes)"]
+    grid $w.f.hard -sticky w
+    pack $w.f -side top -fill x -padx 4
+    ${NS}::button $w.ok -text [mc OK] -command "set confirm_ok 1; destroy $w"
+    pack $w.ok -side left -fill x -padx 20 -pady 20
+    ${NS}::button $w.cancel -text [mc Cancel] -command "destroy $w"
+    bind $w <Key-Escape> [list destroy $w]
+    pack $w.cancel -side right -fill x -padx 20 -pady 20
+    bind $w <Visibility> "grab $w; focus $w"
+    tkwait window $w
+    if {!$confirm_ok} return
+    if {[catch {set fd [open \
+	    [list | git reset --$resettype $rowmenuid 2>@1] r]} err]} {
+	error_popup $err
+    } else {
+	dohidelocalchanges
+	filerun $fd [list readresetstat $fd]
+	nowbusy reset [mc "Resetting"]
+	selbyid $rowmenuid
+    }
+}
+
+proc readresetstat {fd} {
+    global mainhead mainheadid showlocalchanges rprogcoord
+
+    if {[gets $fd line] >= 0} {
+	if {[regexp {([0-9]+)% \(([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)\)} $line match p m n]} {
+	    set rprogcoord [expr {1.0 * $m / $n}]
+	    adjustprogress
+	}
+	return 1
+    }
+    set rprogcoord 0
+    adjustprogress
+    notbusy reset
+    if {[catch {close $fd} err]} {
+	error_popup $err
+    }
+    set oldhead $mainheadid
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if {$newhead ne $oldhead} {
+	movehead $newhead $mainhead
+	movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+	set mainheadid $newhead
+	redrawtags $oldhead
+	redrawtags $newhead
+    }
+    if {$showlocalchanges} {
+	doshowlocalchanges
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+# context menu for a head
+proc headmenu {x y id head} {
+    global headmenuid headmenuhead headctxmenu mainhead
+
+    stopfinding
+    set headmenuid $id
+    set headmenuhead $head
+    set state normal
+    if {[string match "remotes/*" $head]} {
+	set state disabled
+    }
+    if {$head eq $mainhead} {
+	set state disabled
+    }
+    $headctxmenu entryconfigure 0 -state $state
+    $headctxmenu entryconfigure 1 -state $state
+    tk_popup $headctxmenu $x $y
+}
+
+proc cobranch {} {
+    global headmenuid headmenuhead headids
+    global showlocalchanges
+
+    # check the tree is clean first??
+    nowbusy checkout [mc "Checking out"]
+    update
+    dohidelocalchanges
+    if {[catch {
+	set fd [open [list | git checkout $headmenuhead 2>@1] r]
+    } err]} {
+	notbusy checkout
+	error_popup $err
+	if {$showlocalchanges} {
+	    dodiffindex
+	}
+    } else {
+	filerun $fd [list readcheckoutstat $fd $headmenuhead $headmenuid]
+    }
+}
+
+proc readcheckoutstat {fd newhead newheadid} {
+    global mainhead mainheadid headids showlocalchanges progresscoords
+    global viewmainheadid curview
+
+    if {[gets $fd line] >= 0} {
+	if {[regexp {([0-9]+)% \(([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)\)} $line match p m n]} {
+	    set progresscoords [list 0 [expr {1.0 * $m / $n}]]
+	    adjustprogress
+	}
+	return 1
+    }
+    set progresscoords {0 0}
+    adjustprogress
+    notbusy checkout
+    if {[catch {close $fd} err]} {
+	error_popup $err
+    }
+    set oldmainid $mainheadid
+    set mainhead $newhead
+    set mainheadid $newheadid
+    set viewmainheadid($curview) $newheadid
+    redrawtags $oldmainid
+    redrawtags $newheadid
+    selbyid $newheadid
+    if {$showlocalchanges} {
+	dodiffindex
+    }
+}
+
+proc rmbranch {} {
+    global headmenuid headmenuhead mainhead
+    global idheads
+
+    set head $headmenuhead
+    set id $headmenuid
+    # this check shouldn't be needed any more...
+    if {$head eq $mainhead} {
+	error_popup [mc "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"]
+	return
+    }
+    set dheads [descheads $id]
+    if {[llength $dheads] == 1 && $idheads($dheads) eq $head} {
+	# the stuff on this branch isn't on any other branch
+	if {![confirm_popup [mc "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other\
+			branch.\nReally delete branch %s?" $head $head]]} return
+    }
+    nowbusy rmbranch
+    update
+    if {[catch {exec git branch -D $head} err]} {
+	notbusy rmbranch
+	error_popup $err
+	return
+    }
+    removehead $id $head
+    removedhead $id $head
+    redrawtags $id
+    notbusy rmbranch
+    dispneartags 0
+    run refill_reflist
+}
+
+# Display a list of tags and heads
+proc showrefs {} {
+    global showrefstop bgcolor fgcolor selectbgcolor NS
+    global bglist fglist reflistfilter reflist maincursor
+
+    set top .showrefs
+    set showrefstop $top
+    if {[winfo exists $top]} {
+	raise $top
+	refill_reflist
+	return
+    }
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    wm title $top [mc "Tags and heads: %s" [file tail [pwd]]]
+    make_transient $top .
+    text $top.list -background $bgcolor -foreground $fgcolor \
+	-selectbackground $selectbgcolor -font mainfont \
+	-xscrollcommand "$top.xsb set" -yscrollcommand "$top.ysb set" \
+	-width 30 -height 20 -cursor $maincursor \
+	-spacing1 1 -spacing3 1 -state disabled
+    $top.list tag configure highlight -background $selectbgcolor
+    lappend bglist $top.list
+    lappend fglist $top.list
+    ${NS}::scrollbar $top.ysb -command "$top.list yview" -orient vertical
+    ${NS}::scrollbar $top.xsb -command "$top.list xview" -orient horizontal
+    grid $top.list $top.ysb -sticky nsew
+    grid $top.xsb x -sticky ew
+    ${NS}::frame $top.f
+    ${NS}::label $top.f.l -text "[mc "Filter"]: "
+    ${NS}::entry $top.f.e -width 20 -textvariable reflistfilter
+    set reflistfilter "*"
+    trace add variable reflistfilter write reflistfilter_change
+    pack $top.f.e -side right -fill x -expand 1
+    pack $top.f.l -side left
+    grid $top.f - -sticky ew -pady 2
+    ${NS}::button $top.close -command [list destroy $top] -text [mc "Close"]
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> [list destroy $top]
+    grid $top.close -
+    grid columnconfigure $top 0 -weight 1
+    grid rowconfigure $top 0 -weight 1
+    bind $top.list <1> {break}
+    bind $top.list <B1-Motion> {break}
+    bind $top.list <ButtonRelease-1> {sel_reflist %W %x %y; break}
+    set reflist {}
+    refill_reflist
+}
+
+proc sel_reflist {w x y} {
+    global showrefstop reflist headids tagids otherrefids
+
+    if {![winfo exists $showrefstop]} return
+    set l [lindex [split [$w index "@$x,$y"] "."] 0]
+    set ref [lindex $reflist [expr {$l-1}]]
+    set n [lindex $ref 0]
+    switch -- [lindex $ref 1] {
+	"H" {selbyid $headids($n)}
+	"T" {selbyid $tagids($n)}
+	"o" {selbyid $otherrefids($n)}
+    }
+    $showrefstop.list tag add highlight $l.0 "$l.0 lineend"
+}
+
+proc unsel_reflist {} {
+    global showrefstop
+
+    if {![info exists showrefstop] || ![winfo exists $showrefstop]} return
+    $showrefstop.list tag remove highlight 0.0 end
+}
+
+proc reflistfilter_change {n1 n2 op} {
+    global reflistfilter
+
+    after cancel refill_reflist
+    after 200 refill_reflist
+}
+
+proc refill_reflist {} {
+    global reflist reflistfilter showrefstop headids tagids otherrefids
+    global curview
+
+    if {![info exists showrefstop] || ![winfo exists $showrefstop]} return
+    set refs {}
+    foreach n [array names headids] {
+	if {[string match $reflistfilter $n]} {
+	    if {[commitinview $headids($n) $curview]} {
+		lappend refs [list $n H]
+	    } else {
+		interestedin $headids($n) {run refill_reflist}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    foreach n [array names tagids] {
+	if {[string match $reflistfilter $n]} {
+	    if {[commitinview $tagids($n) $curview]} {
+		lappend refs [list $n T]
+	    } else {
+		interestedin $tagids($n) {run refill_reflist}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    foreach n [array names otherrefids] {
+	if {[string match $reflistfilter $n]} {
+	    if {[commitinview $otherrefids($n) $curview]} {
+		lappend refs [list $n o]
+	    } else {
+		interestedin $otherrefids($n) {run refill_reflist}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set refs [lsort -index 0 $refs]
+    if {$refs eq $reflist} return
+
+    # Update the contents of $showrefstop.list according to the
+    # differences between $reflist (old) and $refs (new)
+    $showrefstop.list conf -state normal
+    $showrefstop.list insert end "\n"
+    set i 0
+    set j 0
+    while {$i < [llength $reflist] || $j < [llength $refs]} {
+	if {$i < [llength $reflist]} {
+	    if {$j < [llength $refs]} {
+		set cmp [string compare [lindex $reflist $i 0] \
+			     [lindex $refs $j 0]]
+		if {$cmp == 0} {
+		    set cmp [string compare [lindex $reflist $i 1] \
+				 [lindex $refs $j 1]]
+		}
+	    } else {
+		set cmp -1
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    set cmp 1
+	}
+	switch -- $cmp {
+	    -1 {
+		$showrefstop.list delete "[expr {$j+1}].0" "[expr {$j+2}].0"
+		incr i
+	    }
+	    0 {
+		incr i
+		incr j
+	    }
+	    1 {
+		set l [expr {$j + 1}]
+		$showrefstop.list image create $l.0 -align baseline \
+		    -image reficon-[lindex $refs $j 1] -padx 2
+		$showrefstop.list insert $l.1 "[lindex $refs $j 0]\n"
+		incr j
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set reflist $refs
+    # delete last newline
+    $showrefstop.list delete end-2c end-1c
+    $showrefstop.list conf -state disabled
+}
+
+# Stuff for finding nearby tags
+proc getallcommits {} {
+    global allcommits nextarc seeds allccache allcwait cachedarcs allcupdate
+    global idheads idtags idotherrefs allparents tagobjid
+
+    if {![info exists allcommits]} {
+	set nextarc 0
+	set allcommits 0
+	set seeds {}
+	set allcwait 0
+	set cachedarcs 0
+	set allccache [file join [gitdir] "gitk.cache"]
+	if {![catch {
+	    set f [open $allccache r]
+	    set allcwait 1
+	    getcache $f
+	}]} return
+    }
+
+    if {$allcwait} {
+	return
+    }
+    set cmd [list | git rev-list --parents]
+    set allcupdate [expr {$seeds ne {}}]
+    if {!$allcupdate} {
+	set ids "--all"
+    } else {
+	set refs [concat [array names idheads] [array names idtags] \
+		      [array names idotherrefs]]
+	set ids {}
+	set tagobjs {}
+	foreach name [array names tagobjid] {
+	    lappend tagobjs $tagobjid($name)
+	}
+	foreach id [lsort -unique $refs] {
+	    if {![info exists allparents($id)] &&
+		[lsearch -exact $tagobjs $id] < 0} {
+		lappend ids $id
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$ids ne {}} {
+	    foreach id $seeds {
+		lappend ids "^$id"
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if {$ids ne {}} {
+	set fd [open [concat $cmd $ids] r]
+	fconfigure $fd -blocking 0
+	incr allcommits
+	nowbusy allcommits
+	filerun $fd [list getallclines $fd]
+    } else {
+	dispneartags 0
+    }
+}
+
+# Since most commits have 1 parent and 1 child, we group strings of
+# such commits into "arcs" joining branch/merge points (BMPs), which
+# are commits that either don't have 1 parent or don't have 1 child.
+#
+# arcnos(id) - incoming arcs for BMP, arc we're on for other nodes
+# arcout(id) - outgoing arcs for BMP
+# arcids(a) - list of IDs on arc including end but not start
+# arcstart(a) - BMP ID at start of arc
+# arcend(a) - BMP ID at end of arc
+# growing(a) - arc a is still growing
+# arctags(a) - IDs out of arcids (excluding end) that have tags
+# archeads(a) - IDs out of arcids (excluding end) that have heads
+# The start of an arc is at the descendent end, so "incoming" means
+# coming from descendents, and "outgoing" means going towards ancestors.
+
+proc getallclines {fd} {
+    global allparents allchildren idtags idheads nextarc
+    global arcnos arcids arctags arcout arcend arcstart archeads growing
+    global seeds allcommits cachedarcs allcupdate
+
+    set nid 0
+    while {[incr nid] <= 1000 && [gets $fd line] >= 0} {
+	set id [lindex $line 0]
+	if {[info exists allparents($id)]} {
+	    # seen it already
+	    continue
+	}
+	set cachedarcs 0
+	set olds [lrange $line 1 end]
+	set allparents($id) $olds
+	if {![info exists allchildren($id)]} {
+	    set allchildren($id) {}
+	    set arcnos($id) {}
+	    lappend seeds $id
+	} else {
+	    set a $arcnos($id)
+	    if {[llength $olds] == 1 && [llength $a] == 1} {
+		lappend arcids($a) $id
+		if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+		    lappend arctags($a) $id
+		}
+		if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
+		    lappend archeads($a) $id
+		}
+		if {[info exists allparents($olds)]} {
+		    # seen parent already
+		    if {![info exists arcout($olds)]} {
+			splitarc $olds
+		    }
+		    lappend arcids($a) $olds
+		    set arcend($a) $olds
+		    unset growing($a)
+		}
+		lappend allchildren($olds) $id
+		lappend arcnos($olds) $a
+		continue
+	    }
+	}
+	foreach a $arcnos($id) {
+	    lappend arcids($a) $id
+	    set arcend($a) $id
+	    unset growing($a)
+	}
+
+	set ao {}
+	foreach p $olds {
+	    lappend allchildren($p) $id
+	    set a [incr nextarc]
+	    set arcstart($a) $id
+	    set archeads($a) {}
+	    set arctags($a) {}
+	    set archeads($a) {}
+	    set arcids($a) {}
+	    lappend ao $a
+	    set growing($a) 1
+	    if {[info exists allparents($p)]} {
+		# seen it already, may need to make a new branch
+		if {![info exists arcout($p)]} {
+		    splitarc $p
+		}
+		lappend arcids($a) $p
+		set arcend($a) $p
+		unset growing($a)
+	    }
+	    lappend arcnos($p) $a
+	}
+	set arcout($id) $ao
+    }
+    if {$nid > 0} {
+	global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags
+	catch {unset cached_dheads}
+	catch {unset cached_dtags}
+	catch {unset cached_atags}
+    }
+    if {![eof $fd]} {
+	return [expr {$nid >= 1000? 2: 1}]
+    }
+    set cacheok 1
+    if {[catch {
+	fconfigure $fd -blocking 1
+	close $fd
+    } err]} {
+	# got an error reading the list of commits
+	# if we were updating, try rereading the whole thing again
+	if {$allcupdate} {
+	    incr allcommits -1
+	    dropcache $err
+	    return
+	}
+	error_popup "[mc "Error reading commit topology information;\
+		branch and preceding/following tag information\
+	        will be incomplete."]\n($err)"
+	set cacheok 0
+    }
+    if {[incr allcommits -1] == 0} {
+	notbusy allcommits
+	if {$cacheok} {
+	    run savecache
+	}
+    }
+    dispneartags 0
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc recalcarc {a} {
+    global arctags archeads arcids idtags idheads
+
+    set at {}
+    set ah {}
+    foreach id [lrange $arcids($a) 0 end-1] {
+	if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	    lappend at $id
+	}
+	if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
+	    lappend ah $id
+	}
+    }
+    set arctags($a) $at
+    set archeads($a) $ah
+}
+
+proc splitarc {p} {
+    global arcnos arcids nextarc arctags archeads idtags idheads
+    global arcstart arcend arcout allparents growing
+
+    set a $arcnos($p)
+    if {[llength $a] != 1} {
+	puts "oops splitarc called but [llength $a] arcs already"
+	return
+    }
+    set a [lindex $a 0]
+    set i [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $p]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	puts "oops splitarc $p not in arc $a"
+	return
+    }
+    set na [incr nextarc]
+    if {[info exists arcend($a)]} {
+	set arcend($na) $arcend($a)
+    } else {
+	set l [lindex $allparents([lindex $arcids($a) end]) 0]
+	set j [lsearch -exact $arcnos($l) $a]
+	set arcnos($l) [lreplace $arcnos($l) $j $j $na]
+    }
+    set tail [lrange $arcids($a) [expr {$i+1}] end]
+    set arcids($a) [lrange $arcids($a) 0 $i]
+    set arcend($a) $p
+    set arcstart($na) $p
+    set arcout($p) $na
+    set arcids($na) $tail
+    if {[info exists growing($a)]} {
+	set growing($na) 1
+	unset growing($a)
+    }
+
+    foreach id $tail {
+	if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1} {
+	    set arcnos($id) $na
+	} else {
+	    set j [lsearch -exact $arcnos($id) $a]
+	    set arcnos($id) [lreplace $arcnos($id) $j $j $na]
+	}
+    }
+
+    # reconstruct tags and heads lists
+    if {$arctags($a) ne {} || $archeads($a) ne {}} {
+	recalcarc $a
+	recalcarc $na
+    } else {
+	set arctags($na) {}
+	set archeads($na) {}
+    }
+}
+
+# Update things for a new commit added that is a child of one
+# existing commit.  Used when cherry-picking.
+proc addnewchild {id p} {
+    global allparents allchildren idtags nextarc
+    global arcnos arcids arctags arcout arcend arcstart archeads growing
+    global seeds allcommits
+
+    if {![info exists allcommits] || ![info exists arcnos($p)]} return
+    set allparents($id) [list $p]
+    set allchildren($id) {}
+    set arcnos($id) {}
+    lappend seeds $id
+    lappend allchildren($p) $id
+    set a [incr nextarc]
+    set arcstart($a) $id
+    set archeads($a) {}
+    set arctags($a) {}
+    set arcids($a) [list $p]
+    set arcend($a) $p
+    if {![info exists arcout($p)]} {
+	splitarc $p
+    }
+    lappend arcnos($p) $a
+    set arcout($id) [list $a]
+}
+
+# This implements a cache for the topology information.
+# The cache saves, for each arc, the start and end of the arc,
+# the ids on the arc, and the outgoing arcs from the end.
+proc readcache {f} {
+    global arcnos arcids arcout arcstart arcend arctags archeads nextarc
+    global idtags idheads allparents cachedarcs possible_seeds seeds growing
+    global allcwait
+
+    set a $nextarc
+    set lim $cachedarcs
+    if {$lim - $a > 500} {
+	set lim [expr {$a + 500}]
+    }
+    if {[catch {
+	if {$a == $lim} {
+	    # finish reading the cache and setting up arctags, etc.
+	    set line [gets $f]
+	    if {$line ne "1"} {error "bad final version"}
+	    close $f
+	    foreach id [array names idtags] {
+		if {[info exists arcnos($id)] && [llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 &&
+		    [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+		    set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+		    if {$arctags($a) eq {}} {
+			recalcarc $a
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    foreach id [array names idheads] {
+		if {[info exists arcnos($id)] && [llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 &&
+		    [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+		    set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+		    if {$archeads($a) eq {}} {
+			recalcarc $a
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    foreach id [lsort -unique $possible_seeds] {
+		if {$arcnos($id) eq {}} {
+		    lappend seeds $id
+		}
+	    }
+	    set allcwait 0
+	} else {
+	    while {[incr a] <= $lim} {
+		set line [gets $f]
+		if {[llength $line] != 3} {error "bad line"}
+		set s [lindex $line 0]
+		set arcstart($a) $s
+		lappend arcout($s) $a
+		if {![info exists arcnos($s)]} {
+		    lappend possible_seeds $s
+		    set arcnos($s) {}
+		}
+		set e [lindex $line 1]
+		if {$e eq {}} {
+		    set growing($a) 1
+		} else {
+		    set arcend($a) $e
+		    if {![info exists arcout($e)]} {
+			set arcout($e) {}
+		    }
+		}
+		set arcids($a) [lindex $line 2]
+		foreach id $arcids($a) {
+		    lappend allparents($s) $id
+		    set s $id
+		    lappend arcnos($id) $a
+		}
+		if {![info exists allparents($s)]} {
+		    set allparents($s) {}
+		}
+		set arctags($a) {}
+		set archeads($a) {}
+	    }
+	    set nextarc [expr {$a - 1}]
+	}
+    } err]} {
+	dropcache $err
+	return 0
+    }
+    if {!$allcwait} {
+	getallcommits
+    }
+    return $allcwait
+}
+
+proc getcache {f} {
+    global nextarc cachedarcs possible_seeds
+
+    if {[catch {
+	set line [gets $f]
+	if {[llength $line] != 2 || [lindex $line 0] ne "1"} {error "bad version"}
+	# make sure it's an integer
+	set cachedarcs [expr {int([lindex $line 1])}]
+	if {$cachedarcs < 0} {error "bad number of arcs"}
+	set nextarc 0
+	set possible_seeds {}
+	run readcache $f
+    } err]} {
+	dropcache $err
+    }
+    return 0
+}
+
+proc dropcache {err} {
+    global allcwait nextarc cachedarcs seeds
+
+    #puts "dropping cache ($err)"
+    foreach v {arcnos arcout arcids arcstart arcend growing \
+		   arctags archeads allparents allchildren} {
+	global $v
+	catch {unset $v}
+    }
+    set allcwait 0
+    set nextarc 0
+    set cachedarcs 0
+    set seeds {}
+    getallcommits
+}
+
+proc writecache {f} {
+    global cachearc cachedarcs allccache
+    global arcstart arcend arcnos arcids arcout
+
+    set a $cachearc
+    set lim $cachedarcs
+    if {$lim - $a > 1000} {
+	set lim [expr {$a + 1000}]
+    }
+    if {[catch {
+	while {[incr a] <= $lim} {
+	    if {[info exists arcend($a)]} {
+		puts $f [list $arcstart($a) $arcend($a) $arcids($a)]
+	    } else {
+		puts $f [list $arcstart($a) {} $arcids($a)]
+	    }
+	}
+    } err]} {
+	catch {close $f}
+	catch {file delete $allccache}
+	#puts "writing cache failed ($err)"
+	return 0
+    }
+    set cachearc [expr {$a - 1}]
+    if {$a > $cachedarcs} {
+	puts $f "1"
+	close $f
+	return 0
+    }
+    return 1
+}
+
+proc savecache {} {
+    global nextarc cachedarcs cachearc allccache
+
+    if {$nextarc == $cachedarcs} return
+    set cachearc 0
+    set cachedarcs $nextarc
+    catch {
+	set f [open $allccache w]
+	puts $f [list 1 $cachedarcs]
+	run writecache $f
+    }
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if a is an ancestor of b, -1 if b is an ancestor of a,
+# or 0 if neither is true.
+proc anc_or_desc {a b} {
+    global arcout arcstart arcend arcnos cached_isanc
+
+    if {$arcnos($a) eq $arcnos($b)} {
+	# Both are on the same arc(s); either both are the same BMP,
+	# or if one is not a BMP, the other is also not a BMP or is
+	# the BMP at end of the arc (and it only has 1 incoming arc).
+	# Or both can be BMPs with no incoming arcs.
+	if {$a eq $b || $arcnos($a) eq {}} {
+	    return 0
+	}
+	# assert {[llength $arcnos($a)] == 1}
+	set arc [lindex $arcnos($a) 0]
+	set i [lsearch -exact $arcids($arc) $a]
+	set j [lsearch -exact $arcids($arc) $b]
+	if {$i < 0 || $i > $j} {
+	    return 1
+	} else {
+	    return -1
+	}
+    }
+
+    if {![info exists arcout($a)]} {
+	set arc [lindex $arcnos($a) 0]
+	if {[info exists arcend($arc)]} {
+	    set aend $arcend($arc)
+	} else {
+	    set aend {}
+	}
+	set a $arcstart($arc)
+    } else {
+	set aend $a
+    }
+    if {![info exists arcout($b)]} {
+	set arc [lindex $arcnos($b) 0]
+	if {[info exists arcend($arc)]} {
+	    set bend $arcend($arc)
+	} else {
+	    set bend {}
+	}
+	set b $arcstart($arc)
+    } else {
+	set bend $b
+    }
+    if {$a eq $bend} {
+	return 1
+    }
+    if {$b eq $aend} {
+	return -1
+    }
+    if {[info exists cached_isanc($a,$bend)]} {
+	if {$cached_isanc($a,$bend)} {
+	    return 1
+	}
+    }
+    if {[info exists cached_isanc($b,$aend)]} {
+	if {$cached_isanc($b,$aend)} {
+	    return -1
+	}
+	if {[info exists cached_isanc($a,$bend)]} {
+	    return 0
+	}
+    }
+
+    set todo [list $a $b]
+    set anc($a) a
+    set anc($b) b
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $todo]} {incr i} {
+	set x [lindex $todo $i]
+	if {$anc($x) eq {}} {
+	    continue
+	}
+	foreach arc $arcnos($x) {
+	    set xd $arcstart($arc)
+	    if {$xd eq $bend} {
+		set cached_isanc($a,$bend) 1
+		set cached_isanc($b,$aend) 0
+		return 1
+	    } elseif {$xd eq $aend} {
+		set cached_isanc($b,$aend) 1
+		set cached_isanc($a,$bend) 0
+		return -1
+	    }
+	    if {![info exists anc($xd)]} {
+		set anc($xd) $anc($x)
+		lappend todo $xd
+	    } elseif {$anc($xd) ne $anc($x)} {
+		set anc($xd) {}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set cached_isanc($a,$bend) 0
+    set cached_isanc($b,$aend) 0
+    return 0
+}
+
+# This identifies whether $desc has an ancestor that is
+# a growing tip of the graph and which is not an ancestor of $anc
+# and returns 0 if so and 1 if not.
+# If we subsequently discover a tag on such a growing tip, and that
+# turns out to be a descendent of $anc (which it could, since we
+# don't necessarily see children before parents), then $desc
+# isn't a good choice to display as a descendent tag of
+# $anc (since it is the descendent of another tag which is
+# a descendent of $anc).  Similarly, $anc isn't a good choice to
+# display as a ancestor tag of $desc.
+#
+proc is_certain {desc anc} {
+    global arcnos arcout arcstart arcend growing problems
+
+    set certain {}
+    if {[llength $arcnos($anc)] == 1} {
+	# tags on the same arc are certain
+	if {$arcnos($desc) eq $arcnos($anc)} {
+	    return 1
+	}
+	if {![info exists arcout($anc)]} {
+	    # if $anc is partway along an arc, use the start of the arc instead
+	    set a [lindex $arcnos($anc) 0]
+	    set anc $arcstart($a)
+	}
+    }
+    if {[llength $arcnos($desc)] > 1 || [info exists arcout($desc)]} {
+	set x $desc
+    } else {
+	set a [lindex $arcnos($desc) 0]
+	set x $arcend($a)
+    }
+    if {$x == $anc} {
+	return 1
+    }
+    set anclist [list $x]
+    set dl($x) 1
+    set nnh 1
+    set ngrowanc 0
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $anclist] && ($nnh > 0 || $ngrowanc > 0)} {incr i} {
+	set x [lindex $anclist $i]
+	if {$dl($x)} {
+	    incr nnh -1
+	}
+	set done($x) 1
+	foreach a $arcout($x) {
+	    if {[info exists growing($a)]} {
+		if {![info exists growanc($x)] && $dl($x)} {
+		    set growanc($x) 1
+		    incr ngrowanc
+		}
+	    } else {
+		set y $arcend($a)
+		if {[info exists dl($y)]} {
+		    if {$dl($y)} {
+			if {!$dl($x)} {
+			    set dl($y) 0
+			    if {![info exists done($y)]} {
+				incr nnh -1
+			    }
+			    if {[info exists growanc($x)]} {
+				incr ngrowanc -1
+			    }
+			    set xl [list $y]
+			    for {set k 0} {$k < [llength $xl]} {incr k} {
+				set z [lindex $xl $k]
+				foreach c $arcout($z) {
+				    if {[info exists arcend($c)]} {
+					set v $arcend($c)
+					if {[info exists dl($v)] && $dl($v)} {
+					    set dl($v) 0
+					    if {![info exists done($v)]} {
+						incr nnh -1
+					    }
+					    if {[info exists growanc($v)]} {
+						incr ngrowanc -1
+					    }
+					    lappend xl $v
+					}
+				    }
+				}
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		} elseif {$y eq $anc || !$dl($x)} {
+		    set dl($y) 0
+		    lappend anclist $y
+		} else {
+		    set dl($y) 1
+		    lappend anclist $y
+		    incr nnh
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    foreach x [array names growanc] {
+	if {$dl($x)} {
+	    return 0
+	}
+	return 0
+    }
+    return 1
+}
+
+proc validate_arctags {a} {
+    global arctags idtags
+
+    set i -1
+    set na $arctags($a)
+    foreach id $arctags($a) {
+	incr i
+	if {![info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	    set na [lreplace $na $i $i]
+	    incr i -1
+	}
+    }
+    set arctags($a) $na
+}
+
+proc validate_archeads {a} {
+    global archeads idheads
+
+    set i -1
+    set na $archeads($a)
+    foreach id $archeads($a) {
+	incr i
+	if {![info exists idheads($id)]} {
+	    set na [lreplace $na $i $i]
+	    incr i -1
+	}
+    }
+    set archeads($a) $na
+}
+
+# Return the list of IDs that have tags that are descendents of id,
+# ignoring IDs that are descendents of IDs already reported.
+proc desctags {id} {
+    global arcnos arcstart arcids arctags idtags allparents
+    global growing cached_dtags
+
+    if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
+	return {}
+    }
+    set t1 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set argid $id
+    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+	# part-way along an arc; check that arc first
+	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+	if {$arctags($a) ne {}} {
+	    validate_arctags $a
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $id]
+	    set tid {}
+	    foreach t $arctags($a) {
+		set j [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $t]
+		if {$j >= $i} break
+		set tid $t
+	    }
+	    if {$tid ne {}} {
+		return $tid
+	    }
+	}
+	set id $arcstart($a)
+	if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	    return $id
+	}
+    }
+    if {[info exists cached_dtags($id)]} {
+	return $cached_dtags($id)
+    }
+
+    set origid $id
+    set todo [list $id]
+    set queued($id) 1
+    set nc 1
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $todo] && $nc > 0} {incr i} {
+	set id [lindex $todo $i]
+	set done($id) 1
+	set ta [info exists hastaggedancestor($id)]
+	if {!$ta} {
+	    incr nc -1
+	}
+	# ignore tags on starting node
+	if {!$ta && $i > 0} {
+	    if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+		set tagloc($id) $id
+		set ta 1
+	    } elseif {[info exists cached_dtags($id)]} {
+		set tagloc($id) $cached_dtags($id)
+		set ta 1
+	    }
+	}
+	foreach a $arcnos($id) {
+	    set d $arcstart($a)
+	    if {!$ta && $arctags($a) ne {}} {
+		validate_arctags $a
+		if {$arctags($a) ne {}} {
+		    lappend tagloc($id) [lindex $arctags($a) end]
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {$ta || $arctags($a) ne {}} {
+		set tomark [list $d]
+		for {set j 0} {$j < [llength $tomark]} {incr j} {
+		    set dd [lindex $tomark $j]
+		    if {![info exists hastaggedancestor($dd)]} {
+			if {[info exists done($dd)]} {
+			    foreach b $arcnos($dd) {
+				lappend tomark $arcstart($b)
+			    }
+			    if {[info exists tagloc($dd)]} {
+				unset tagloc($dd)
+			    }
+			} elseif {[info exists queued($dd)]} {
+			    incr nc -1
+			}
+			set hastaggedancestor($dd) 1
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {![info exists queued($d)]} {
+		lappend todo $d
+		set queued($d) 1
+		if {![info exists hastaggedancestor($d)]} {
+		    incr nc
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set tags {}
+    foreach id [array names tagloc] {
+	if {![info exists hastaggedancestor($id)]} {
+	    foreach t $tagloc($id) {
+		if {[lsearch -exact $tags $t] < 0} {
+		    lappend tags $t
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set t2 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set loopix $i
+
+    # remove tags that are descendents of other tags
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $tags]} {incr i} {
+	set a [lindex $tags $i]
+	for {set j 0} {$j < $i} {incr j} {
+	    set b [lindex $tags $j]
+	    set r [anc_or_desc $a $b]
+	    if {$r == 1} {
+		set tags [lreplace $tags $j $j]
+		incr j -1
+		incr i -1
+	    } elseif {$r == -1} {
+		set tags [lreplace $tags $i $i]
+		incr i -1
+		break
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if {[array names growing] ne {}} {
+	# graph isn't finished, need to check if any tag could get
+	# eclipsed by another tag coming later.  Simply ignore any
+	# tags that could later get eclipsed.
+	set ctags {}
+	foreach t $tags {
+	    if {[is_certain $t $origid]} {
+		lappend ctags $t
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$tags eq $ctags} {
+	    set cached_dtags($origid) $tags
+	} else {
+	    set tags $ctags
+	}
+    } else {
+	set cached_dtags($origid) $tags
+    }
+    set t3 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    if {0 && $t3 - $t1 >= 100} {
+	puts "iterating descendents ($loopix/[llength $todo] nodes) took\
+    	    [expr {$t2-$t1}]+[expr {$t3-$t2}]ms, $nc candidates left"
+    }
+    return $tags
+}
+
+proc anctags {id} {
+    global arcnos arcids arcout arcend arctags idtags allparents
+    global growing cached_atags
+
+    if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
+	return {}
+    }
+    set t1 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set argid $id
+    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+	# part-way along an arc; check that arc first
+	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+	if {$arctags($a) ne {}} {
+	    validate_arctags $a
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $id]
+	    foreach t $arctags($a) {
+		set j [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $t]
+		if {$j > $i} {
+		    return $t
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if {![info exists arcend($a)]} {
+	    return {}
+	}
+	set id $arcend($a)
+	if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	    return $id
+	}
+    }
+    if {[info exists cached_atags($id)]} {
+	return $cached_atags($id)
+    }
+
+    set origid $id
+    set todo [list $id]
+    set queued($id) 1
+    set taglist {}
+    set nc 1
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $todo] && $nc > 0} {incr i} {
+	set id [lindex $todo $i]
+	set done($id) 1
+	set td [info exists hastaggeddescendent($id)]
+	if {!$td} {
+	    incr nc -1
+	}
+	# ignore tags on starting node
+	if {!$td && $i > 0} {
+	    if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+		set tagloc($id) $id
+		set td 1
+	    } elseif {[info exists cached_atags($id)]} {
+		set tagloc($id) $cached_atags($id)
+		set td 1
+	    }
+	}
+	foreach a $arcout($id) {
+	    if {!$td && $arctags($a) ne {}} {
+		validate_arctags $a
+		if {$arctags($a) ne {}} {
+		    lappend tagloc($id) [lindex $arctags($a) 0]
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {![info exists arcend($a)]} continue
+	    set d $arcend($a)
+	    if {$td || $arctags($a) ne {}} {
+		set tomark [list $d]
+		for {set j 0} {$j < [llength $tomark]} {incr j} {
+		    set dd [lindex $tomark $j]
+		    if {![info exists hastaggeddescendent($dd)]} {
+			if {[info exists done($dd)]} {
+			    foreach b $arcout($dd) {
+				if {[info exists arcend($b)]} {
+				    lappend tomark $arcend($b)
+				}
+			    }
+			    if {[info exists tagloc($dd)]} {
+				unset tagloc($dd)
+			    }
+			} elseif {[info exists queued($dd)]} {
+			    incr nc -1
+			}
+			set hastaggeddescendent($dd) 1
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    if {![info exists queued($d)]} {
+		lappend todo $d
+		set queued($d) 1
+		if {![info exists hastaggeddescendent($d)]} {
+		    incr nc
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set t2 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    set loopix $i
+    set tags {}
+    foreach id [array names tagloc] {
+	if {![info exists hastaggeddescendent($id)]} {
+	    foreach t $tagloc($id) {
+		if {[lsearch -exact $tags $t] < 0} {
+		    lappend tags $t
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    # remove tags that are ancestors of other tags
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $tags]} {incr i} {
+	set a [lindex $tags $i]
+	for {set j 0} {$j < $i} {incr j} {
+	    set b [lindex $tags $j]
+	    set r [anc_or_desc $a $b]
+	    if {$r == -1} {
+		set tags [lreplace $tags $j $j]
+		incr j -1
+		incr i -1
+	    } elseif {$r == 1} {
+		set tags [lreplace $tags $i $i]
+		incr i -1
+		break
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if {[array names growing] ne {}} {
+	# graph isn't finished, need to check if any tag could get
+	# eclipsed by another tag coming later.  Simply ignore any
+	# tags that could later get eclipsed.
+	set ctags {}
+	foreach t $tags {
+	    if {[is_certain $origid $t]} {
+		lappend ctags $t
+	    }
+	}
+	if {$tags eq $ctags} {
+	    set cached_atags($origid) $tags
+	} else {
+	    set tags $ctags
+	}
+    } else {
+	set cached_atags($origid) $tags
+    }
+    set t3 [clock clicks -milliseconds]
+    if {0 && $t3 - $t1 >= 100} {
+	puts "iterating ancestors ($loopix/[llength $todo] nodes) took\
+    	    [expr {$t2-$t1}]+[expr {$t3-$t2}]ms, $nc candidates left"
+    }
+    return $tags
+}
+
+# Return the list of IDs that have heads that are descendents of id,
+# including id itself if it has a head.
+proc descheads {id} {
+    global arcnos arcstart arcids archeads idheads cached_dheads
+    global allparents
+
+    if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
+	return {}
+    }
+    set aret {}
+    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+	# part-way along an arc; check it first
+	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+	if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
+	    validate_archeads $a
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $id]
+	    foreach t $archeads($a) {
+		set j [lsearch -exact $arcids($a) $t]
+		if {$j > $i} break
+		lappend aret $t
+	    }
+	}
+	set id $arcstart($a)
+    }
+    set origid $id
+    set todo [list $id]
+    set seen($id) 1
+    set ret {}
+    for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $todo]} {incr i} {
+	set id [lindex $todo $i]
+	if {[info exists cached_dheads($id)]} {
+	    set ret [concat $ret $cached_dheads($id)]
+	} else {
+	    if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
+		lappend ret $id
+	    }
+	    foreach a $arcnos($id) {
+		if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
+		    validate_archeads $a
+		    if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
+			set ret [concat $ret $archeads($a)]
+		    }
+		}
+		set d $arcstart($a)
+		if {![info exists seen($d)]} {
+		    lappend todo $d
+		    set seen($d) 1
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    set ret [lsort -unique $ret]
+    set cached_dheads($origid) $ret
+    return [concat $ret $aret]
+}
+
+proc addedtag {id} {
+    global arcnos arcout cached_dtags cached_atags
+
+    if {![info exists arcnos($id)]} return
+    if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
+	recalcarc [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+    }
+    catch {unset cached_dtags}
+    catch {unset cached_atags}
+}
+
+proc addedhead {hid head} {
+    global arcnos arcout cached_dheads
+
+    if {![info exists arcnos($hid)]} return
+    if {![info exists arcout($hid)]} {
+	recalcarc [lindex $arcnos($hid) 0]
+    }
+    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+}
+
+proc removedhead {hid head} {
+    global cached_dheads
+
+    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+}
+
+proc movedhead {hid head} {
+    global arcnos arcout cached_dheads
+
+    if {![info exists arcnos($hid)]} return
+    if {![info exists arcout($hid)]} {
+	recalcarc [lindex $arcnos($hid) 0]
+    }
+    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+}
+
+proc changedrefs {} {
+    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags
+    global arctags archeads arcnos arcout idheads idtags
+
+    foreach id [concat [array names idheads] [array names idtags]] {
+	if {[info exists arcnos($id)] && ![info exists arcout($id)]} {
+	    set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
+	    if {![info exists donearc($a)]} {
+		recalcarc $a
+		set donearc($a) 1
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    catch {unset cached_dtags}
+    catch {unset cached_atags}
+    catch {unset cached_dheads}
+}
+
+proc rereadrefs {} {
+    global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainheadid
+
+    set refids [concat [array names idtags] \
+		    [array names idheads] [array names idotherrefs]]
+    foreach id $refids {
+	if {![info exists ref($id)]} {
+	    set ref($id) [listrefs $id]
+	}
+    }
+    set oldmainhead $mainheadid
+    readrefs
+    changedrefs
+    set refids [lsort -unique [concat $refids [array names idtags] \
+			[array names idheads] [array names idotherrefs]]]
+    foreach id $refids {
+	set v [listrefs $id]
+	if {![info exists ref($id)] || $ref($id) != $v} {
+	    redrawtags $id
+	}
+    }
+    if {$oldmainhead ne $mainheadid} {
+	redrawtags $oldmainhead
+	redrawtags $mainheadid
+    }
+    run refill_reflist
+}
+
+proc listrefs {id} {
+    global idtags idheads idotherrefs
+
+    set x {}
+    if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
+	set x $idtags($id)
+    }
+    set y {}
+    if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
+	set y $idheads($id)
+    }
+    set z {}
+    if {[info exists idotherrefs($id)]} {
+	set z $idotherrefs($id)
+    }
+    return [list $x $y $z]
+}
+
+proc showtag {tag isnew} {
+    global ctext tagcontents tagids linknum tagobjid
+
+    if {$isnew} {
+	addtohistory [list showtag $tag 0] savectextpos
+    }
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    settabs 0
+    set linknum 0
+    if {![info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
+	catch {
+           set tagcontents($tag) [exec git cat-file tag $tag]
+	}
+    }
+    if {[info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
+	set text $tagcontents($tag)
+    } else {
+	set text "[mc "Tag"]: $tag\n[mc "Id"]:  $tagids($tag)"
+    }
+    appendwithlinks $text {}
+    maybe_scroll_ctext 1
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    init_flist {}
+}
+
+proc doquit {} {
+    global stopped
+    global gitktmpdir
+
+    set stopped 100
+    savestuff .
+    destroy .
+
+    if {[info exists gitktmpdir]} {
+	catch {file delete -force $gitktmpdir}
+    }
+}
+
+proc mkfontdisp {font top which} {
+    global fontattr fontpref $font NS use_ttk
+
+    set fontpref($font) [set $font]
+    ${NS}::button $top.${font}but -text $which \
+	-command [list choosefont $font $which]
+    if {!$use_ttk} {$top.${font}but configure  -font optionfont}
+    ${NS}::label $top.$font -relief flat -font $font \
+	-text $fontattr($font,family) -justify left
+    grid x $top.${font}but $top.$font -sticky w
+}
+
+proc choosefont {font which} {
+    global fontparam fontlist fonttop fontattr
+    global prefstop NS
+
+    set fontparam(which) $which
+    set fontparam(font) $font
+    set fontparam(family) [font actual $font -family]
+    set fontparam(size) $fontattr($font,size)
+    set fontparam(weight) $fontattr($font,weight)
+    set fontparam(slant) $fontattr($font,slant)
+    set top .gitkfont
+    set fonttop $top
+    if {![winfo exists $top]} {
+	font create sample
+	eval font config sample [font actual $font]
+	ttk_toplevel $top
+	make_transient $top $prefstop
+	wm title $top [mc "Gitk font chooser"]
+	${NS}::label $top.l -textvariable fontparam(which)
+	pack $top.l -side top
+	set fontlist [lsort [font families]]
+	${NS}::frame $top.f
+	listbox $top.f.fam -listvariable fontlist \
+	    -yscrollcommand [list $top.f.sb set]
+	bind $top.f.fam <<ListboxSelect>> selfontfam
+	${NS}::scrollbar $top.f.sb -command [list $top.f.fam yview]
+	pack $top.f.sb -side right -fill y
+	pack $top.f.fam -side left -fill both -expand 1
+	pack $top.f -side top -fill both -expand 1
+	${NS}::frame $top.g
+	spinbox $top.g.size -from 4 -to 40 -width 4 \
+	    -textvariable fontparam(size) \
+	    -validatecommand {string is integer -strict %s}
+	checkbutton $top.g.bold -padx 5 \
+	    -font {{Times New Roman} 12 bold} -text [mc "B"] -indicatoron 0 \
+	    -variable fontparam(weight) -onvalue bold -offvalue normal
+	checkbutton $top.g.ital -padx 5 \
+	    -font {{Times New Roman} 12 italic} -text [mc "I"] -indicatoron 0  \
+	    -variable fontparam(slant) -onvalue italic -offvalue roman
+	pack $top.g.size $top.g.bold $top.g.ital -side left
+	pack $top.g -side top
+	canvas $top.c -width 150 -height 50 -border 2 -relief sunk \
+	    -background white
+	$top.c create text 100 25 -anchor center -text $which -font sample \
+	    -fill black -tags text
+	bind $top.c <Configure> [list centertext $top.c]
+	pack $top.c -side top -fill x
+	${NS}::frame $top.buts
+	${NS}::button $top.buts.ok -text [mc "OK"] -command fontok -default active
+	${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command fontcan -default normal
+	bind $top <Key-Return> fontok
+	bind $top <Key-Escape> fontcan
+	grid $top.buts.ok $top.buts.can
+	grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+	grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+	pack $top.buts -side bottom -fill x
+	trace add variable fontparam write chg_fontparam
+    } else {
+	raise $top
+	$top.c itemconf text -text $which
+    }
+    set i [lsearch -exact $fontlist $fontparam(family)]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	$top.f.fam selection set $i
+	$top.f.fam see $i
+    }
+}
+
+proc centertext {w} {
+    $w coords text [expr {[winfo width $w] / 2}] [expr {[winfo height $w] / 2}]
+}
+
+proc fontok {} {
+    global fontparam fontpref prefstop
+
+    set f $fontparam(font)
+    set fontpref($f) [list $fontparam(family) $fontparam(size)]
+    if {$fontparam(weight) eq "bold"} {
+	lappend fontpref($f) "bold"
+    }
+    if {$fontparam(slant) eq "italic"} {
+	lappend fontpref($f) "italic"
+    }
+    set w $prefstop.$f
+    $w conf -text $fontparam(family) -font $fontpref($f)
+
+    fontcan
+}
+
+proc fontcan {} {
+    global fonttop fontparam
+
+    if {[info exists fonttop]} {
+	catch {destroy $fonttop}
+	catch {font delete sample}
+	unset fonttop
+	unset fontparam
+    }
+}
+
+if {[package vsatisfies [package provide Tk] 8.6]} {
+    # In Tk 8.6 we have a native font chooser dialog. Overwrite the above
+    # function to make use of it.
+    proc choosefont {font which} {
+	tk fontchooser configure -title $which -font $font \
+	    -command [list on_choosefont $font $which]
+	tk fontchooser show
+    }
+    proc on_choosefont {font which newfont} {
+	global fontparam
+	puts stderr "$font $newfont"
+	array set f [font actual $newfont]
+	set fontparam(which) $which
+	set fontparam(font) $font
+	set fontparam(family) $f(-family)
+	set fontparam(size) $f(-size)
+	set fontparam(weight) $f(-weight)
+	set fontparam(slant) $f(-slant)
+	fontok
+    }
+}
+
+proc selfontfam {} {
+    global fonttop fontparam
+
+    set i [$fonttop.f.fam curselection]
+    if {$i ne {}} {
+	set fontparam(family) [$fonttop.f.fam get $i]
+    }
+}
+
+proc chg_fontparam {v sub op} {
+    global fontparam
+
+    font config sample -$sub $fontparam($sub)
+}
+
+proc doprefs {} {
+    global maxwidth maxgraphpct use_ttk NS
+    global oldprefs prefstop showneartags showlocalchanges
+    global uicolor bgcolor fgcolor ctext diffcolors selectbgcolor markbgcolor
+    global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect extdifftool perfile_attrs
+    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk
+
+    set top .gitkprefs
+    set prefstop $top
+    if {[winfo exists $top]} {
+	raise $top
+	return
+    }
+    foreach v {maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges \
+		   limitdiffs tabstop perfile_attrs hideremotes want_ttk} {
+	set oldprefs($v) [set $v]
+    }
+    ttk_toplevel $top
+    wm title $top [mc "Gitk preferences"]
+    make_transient $top .
+    ${NS}::label $top.ldisp -text [mc "Commit list display options"]
+    grid $top.ldisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.spacer -text " "
+    ${NS}::label $top.maxwidthl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (lines)"]
+    spinbox $top.maxwidth -from 0 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxwidth
+    grid $top.spacer $top.maxwidthl $top.maxwidth -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $top.maxpctl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"]
+    spinbox $top.maxpct -from 1 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxgraphpct
+    grid x $top.maxpctl $top.maxpct -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.showlocal -text [mc "Show local changes"] \
+	-variable showlocalchanges
+    grid x $top.showlocal -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.autoselect -text [mc "Auto-select SHA1"] \
+	-variable autoselect
+    grid x $top.autoselect -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.hideremotes -text [mc "Hide remote refs"] \
+	-variable hideremotes
+    grid x $top.hideremotes -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::label $top.ddisp -text [mc "Diff display options"]
+    grid $top.ddisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $top.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
+    spinbox $top.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
+    grid x $top.tabstopl $top.tabstop -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags"] \
+	-variable showneartags
+    grid x $top.ntag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
+	-variable limitdiffs
+    grid x $top.ldiff -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.lattr -text [mc "Support per-file encodings"] \
+	-variable perfile_attrs
+    grid x $top.lattr -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::entry $top.extdifft -textvariable extdifftool
+    ${NS}::frame $top.extdifff
+    ${NS}::label $top.extdifff.l -text [mc "External diff tool" ]
+    ${NS}::button $top.extdifff.b -text [mc "Choose..."] -command choose_extdiff
+    pack $top.extdifff.l $top.extdifff.b -side left
+    pack configure $top.extdifff.l -padx 10
+    grid x $top.extdifff $top.extdifft -sticky ew
+
+    ${NS}::label $top.lgen -text [mc "General options"]
+    grid $top.lgen - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.want_ttk -variable want_ttk \
+	-text [mc "Use themed widgets"]
+    if {$have_ttk} {
+	${NS}::label $top.ttk_note -text [mc "(change requires restart)"]
+    } else {
+	${NS}::label $top.ttk_note -text [mc "(currently unavailable)"]
+    }
+    grid x $top.want_ttk $top.ttk_note -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::label $top.cdisp -text [mc "Colors: press to choose"]
+    grid $top.cdisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    label $top.ui -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $uicolor
+    ${NS}::button $top.uibut -text [mc "Interface"] \
+       -command [list choosecolor uicolor {} $top.ui [mc "interface"] setui]
+    grid x $top.uibut $top.ui -sticky w
+    label $top.bg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $bgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $top.bgbut -text [mc "Background"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor bgcolor {} $top.bg [mc "background"] setbg]
+    grid x $top.bgbut $top.bg -sticky w
+    label $top.fg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $fgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $top.fgbut -text [mc "Foreground"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor fgcolor {} $top.fg [mc "foreground"] setfg]
+    grid x $top.fgbut $top.fg -sticky w
+    label $top.diffold -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 0]
+    ${NS}::button $top.diffoldbut -text [mc "Diff: old lines"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 0 $top.diffold [mc "diff old lines"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf d0 -foreground]]
+    grid x $top.diffoldbut $top.diffold -sticky w
+    label $top.diffnew -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 1]
+    ${NS}::button $top.diffnewbut -text [mc "Diff: new lines"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 1 $top.diffnew [mc "diff new lines"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf dresult -foreground]]
+    grid x $top.diffnewbut $top.diffnew -sticky w
+    label $top.hunksep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 2]
+    ${NS}::button $top.hunksepbut -text [mc "Diff: hunk header"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 2 $top.hunksep \
+		      [mc "diff hunk header"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf hunksep -foreground]]
+    grid x $top.hunksepbut $top.hunksep -sticky w
+    label $top.markbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $markbgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $top.markbgbut -text [mc "Marked line bg"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor markbgcolor {} $top.markbgsep \
+		      [mc "marked line background"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf omark -background]]
+    grid x $top.markbgbut $top.markbgsep -sticky w
+    label $top.selbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $selectbgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $top.selbgbut -text [mc "Select bg"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor selectbgcolor {} $top.selbgsep [mc "background"] setselbg]
+    grid x $top.selbgbut $top.selbgsep -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::label $top.cfont -text [mc "Fonts: press to choose"]
+    grid $top.cfont - -sticky w -pady 10
+    mkfontdisp mainfont $top [mc "Main font"]
+    mkfontdisp textfont $top [mc "Diff display font"]
+    mkfontdisp uifont $top [mc "User interface font"]
+
+    if {!$use_ttk} {
+	foreach w {maxpctl maxwidthl showlocal autoselect tabstopl ntag
+	    ldiff lattr extdifff.l extdifff.b bgbut fgbut
+	    diffoldbut diffnewbut hunksepbut markbgbut selbgbut
+	    want_ttk ttk_note} {
+	    $top.$w configure -font optionfont
+	}
+    }
+
+    ${NS}::frame $top.buts
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.ok -text [mc "OK"] -command prefsok -default active
+    ${NS}::button $top.buts.can -text [mc "Cancel"] -command prefscan -default normal
+    bind $top <Key-Return> prefsok
+    bind $top <Key-Escape> prefscan
+    grid $top.buts.ok $top.buts.can
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 0 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
+    grid $top.buts - - -pady 10 -sticky ew
+    grid columnconfigure $top 2 -weight 1
+    bind $top <Visibility> "focus $top.buts.ok"
+}
+
+proc choose_extdiff {} {
+    global extdifftool
+
+    set prog [tk_getOpenFile -title [mc "External diff tool"] -multiple false]
+    if {$prog ne {}} {
+	set extdifftool $prog
+    }
+}
+
+proc choosecolor {v vi w x cmd} {
+    global $v
+
+    set c [tk_chooseColor -initialcolor [lindex [set $v] $vi] \
+	       -title [mc "Gitk: choose color for %s" $x]]
+    if {$c eq {}} return
+    $w conf -background $c
+    lset $v $vi $c
+    eval $cmd $c
+}
+
+proc setselbg {c} {
+    global bglist cflist
+    foreach w $bglist {
+	$w configure -selectbackground $c
+    }
+    $cflist tag configure highlight \
+	-background [$cflist cget -selectbackground]
+    allcanvs itemconf secsel -fill $c
+}
+
+# This sets the background color and the color scheme for the whole UI.
+# For some reason, tk_setPalette chooses a nasty dark red for selectColor
+# if we don't specify one ourselves, which makes the checkbuttons and
+# radiobuttons look bad.  This chooses white for selectColor if the
+# background color is light, or black if it is dark.
+proc setui {c} {
+    set bg [winfo rgb . $c]
+    set selc black
+    if {[lindex $bg 0] + 1.5 * [lindex $bg 1] + 0.5 * [lindex $bg 2] > 100000} {
+	set selc white
+    }
+    tk_setPalette background $c selectColor $selc
+}
+
+proc setbg {c} {
+    global bglist
+
+    foreach w $bglist {
+	$w conf -background $c
+    }
+}
+
+proc setfg {c} {
+    global fglist canv
+
+    foreach w $fglist {
+	$w conf -foreground $c
+    }
+    allcanvs itemconf text -fill $c
+    $canv itemconf circle -outline $c
+    $canv itemconf markid -outline $c
+}
+
+proc prefscan {} {
+    global oldprefs prefstop
+
+    foreach v {maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges \
+		   limitdiffs tabstop perfile_attrs hideremotes want_ttk} {
+	global $v
+	set $v $oldprefs($v)
+    }
+    catch {destroy $prefstop}
+    unset prefstop
+    fontcan
+}
+
+proc prefsok {} {
+    global maxwidth maxgraphpct
+    global oldprefs prefstop showneartags showlocalchanges
+    global fontpref mainfont textfont uifont
+    global limitdiffs treediffs perfile_attrs
+    global hideremotes
+
+    catch {destroy $prefstop}
+    unset prefstop
+    fontcan
+    set fontchanged 0
+    if {$mainfont ne $fontpref(mainfont)} {
+	set mainfont $fontpref(mainfont)
+	parsefont mainfont $mainfont
+	eval font configure mainfont [fontflags mainfont]
+	eval font configure mainfontbold [fontflags mainfont 1]
+	setcoords
+	set fontchanged 1
+    }
+    if {$textfont ne $fontpref(textfont)} {
+	set textfont $fontpref(textfont)
+	parsefont textfont $textfont
+	eval font configure textfont [fontflags textfont]
+	eval font configure textfontbold [fontflags textfont 1]
+    }
+    if {$uifont ne $fontpref(uifont)} {
+	set uifont $fontpref(uifont)
+	parsefont uifont $uifont
+	eval font configure uifont [fontflags uifont]
+    }
+    settabs
+    if {$showlocalchanges != $oldprefs(showlocalchanges)} {
+	if {$showlocalchanges} {
+	    doshowlocalchanges
+	} else {
+	    dohidelocalchanges
+	}
+    }
+    if {$limitdiffs != $oldprefs(limitdiffs) ||
+	($perfile_attrs && !$oldprefs(perfile_attrs))} {
+	# treediffs elements are limited by path;
+	# won't have encodings cached if perfile_attrs was just turned on
+	catch {unset treediffs}
+    }
+    if {$fontchanged || $maxwidth != $oldprefs(maxwidth)
+	|| $maxgraphpct != $oldprefs(maxgraphpct)} {
+	redisplay
+    } elseif {$showneartags != $oldprefs(showneartags) ||
+	  $limitdiffs != $oldprefs(limitdiffs)} {
+	reselectline
+    }
+    if {$hideremotes != $oldprefs(hideremotes)} {
+	rereadrefs
+    }
+}
+
+proc formatdate {d} {
+    global datetimeformat
+    if {$d ne {}} {
+	set d [clock format $d -format $datetimeformat]
+    }
+    return $d
+}
+
+# This list of encoding names and aliases is distilled from
+# http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets.
+# Not all of them are supported by Tcl.
+set encoding_aliases {
+    { ANSI_X3.4-1968 iso-ir-6 ANSI_X3.4-1986 ISO_646.irv:1991 ASCII
+      ISO646-US US-ASCII us IBM367 cp367 csASCII }
+    { ISO-10646-UTF-1 csISO10646UTF1 }
+    { ISO_646.basic:1983 ref csISO646basic1983 }
+    { INVARIANT csINVARIANT }
+    { ISO_646.irv:1983 iso-ir-2 irv csISO2IntlRefVersion }
+    { BS_4730 iso-ir-4 ISO646-GB gb uk csISO4UnitedKingdom }
+    { NATS-SEFI iso-ir-8-1 csNATSSEFI }
+    { NATS-SEFI-ADD iso-ir-8-2 csNATSSEFIADD }
+    { NATS-DANO iso-ir-9-1 csNATSDANO }
+    { NATS-DANO-ADD iso-ir-9-2 csNATSDANOADD }
+    { SEN_850200_B iso-ir-10 FI ISO646-FI ISO646-SE se csISO10Swedish }
+    { SEN_850200_C iso-ir-11 ISO646-SE2 se2 csISO11SwedishForNames }
+    { KS_C_5601-1987 iso-ir-149 KS_C_5601-1989 KSC_5601 korean csKSC56011987 }
+    { ISO-2022-KR csISO2022KR }
+    { EUC-KR csEUCKR }
+    { ISO-2022-JP csISO2022JP }
+    { ISO-2022-JP-2 csISO2022JP2 }
+    { JIS_C6220-1969-jp JIS_C6220-1969 iso-ir-13 katakana x0201-7
+      csISO13JISC6220jp }
+    { JIS_C6220-1969-ro iso-ir-14 jp ISO646-JP csISO14JISC6220ro }
+    { IT iso-ir-15 ISO646-IT csISO15Italian }
+    { PT iso-ir-16 ISO646-PT csISO16Portuguese }
+    { ES iso-ir-17 ISO646-ES csISO17Spanish }
+    { greek7-old iso-ir-18 csISO18Greek7Old }
+    { latin-greek iso-ir-19 csISO19LatinGreek }
+    { DIN_66003 iso-ir-21 de ISO646-DE csISO21German }
+    { NF_Z_62-010_(1973) iso-ir-25 ISO646-FR1 csISO25French }
+    { Latin-greek-1 iso-ir-27 csISO27LatinGreek1 }
+    { ISO_5427 iso-ir-37 csISO5427Cyrillic }
+    { JIS_C6226-1978 iso-ir-42 csISO42JISC62261978 }
+    { BS_viewdata iso-ir-47 csISO47BSViewdata }
+    { INIS iso-ir-49 csISO49INIS }
+    { INIS-8 iso-ir-50 csISO50INIS8 }
+    { INIS-cyrillic iso-ir-51 csISO51INISCyrillic }
+    { ISO_5427:1981 iso-ir-54 ISO5427Cyrillic1981 }
+    { ISO_5428:1980 iso-ir-55 csISO5428Greek }
+    { GB_1988-80 iso-ir-57 cn ISO646-CN csISO57GB1988 }
+    { GB_2312-80 iso-ir-58 chinese csISO58GB231280 }
+    { NS_4551-1 iso-ir-60 ISO646-NO no csISO60DanishNorwegian
+      csISO60Norwegian1 }
+    { NS_4551-2 ISO646-NO2 iso-ir-61 no2 csISO61Norwegian2 }
+    { NF_Z_62-010 iso-ir-69 ISO646-FR fr csISO69French }
+    { videotex-suppl iso-ir-70 csISO70VideotexSupp1 }
+    { PT2 iso-ir-84 ISO646-PT2 csISO84Portuguese2 }
+    { ES2 iso-ir-85 ISO646-ES2 csISO85Spanish2 }
+    { MSZ_7795.3 iso-ir-86 ISO646-HU hu csISO86Hungarian }
+    { JIS_C6226-1983 iso-ir-87 x0208 JIS_X0208-1983 csISO87JISX0208 }
+    { greek7 iso-ir-88 csISO88Greek7 }
+    { ASMO_449 ISO_9036 arabic7 iso-ir-89 csISO89ASMO449 }
+    { iso-ir-90 csISO90 }
+    { JIS_C6229-1984-a iso-ir-91 jp-ocr-a csISO91JISC62291984a }
+    { JIS_C6229-1984-b iso-ir-92 ISO646-JP-OCR-B jp-ocr-b
+      csISO92JISC62991984b }
+    { JIS_C6229-1984-b-add iso-ir-93 jp-ocr-b-add csISO93JIS62291984badd }
+    { JIS_C6229-1984-hand iso-ir-94 jp-ocr-hand csISO94JIS62291984hand }
+    { JIS_C6229-1984-hand-add iso-ir-95 jp-ocr-hand-add
+      csISO95JIS62291984handadd }
+    { JIS_C6229-1984-kana iso-ir-96 csISO96JISC62291984kana }
+    { ISO_2033-1983 iso-ir-98 e13b csISO2033 }
+    { ANSI_X3.110-1983 iso-ir-99 CSA_T500-1983 NAPLPS csISO99NAPLPS }
+    { ISO_8859-1:1987 iso-ir-100 ISO_8859-1 ISO-8859-1 latin1 l1 IBM819
+      CP819 csISOLatin1 }
+    { ISO_8859-2:1987 iso-ir-101 ISO_8859-2 ISO-8859-2 latin2 l2 csISOLatin2 }
+    { T.61-7bit iso-ir-102 csISO102T617bit }
+    { T.61-8bit T.61 iso-ir-103 csISO103T618bit }
+    { ISO_8859-3:1988 iso-ir-109 ISO_8859-3 ISO-8859-3 latin3 l3 csISOLatin3 }
+    { ISO_8859-4:1988 iso-ir-110 ISO_8859-4 ISO-8859-4 latin4 l4 csISOLatin4 }
+    { ECMA-cyrillic iso-ir-111 KOI8-E csISO111ECMACyrillic }
+    { CSA_Z243.4-1985-1 iso-ir-121 ISO646-CA csa7-1 ca csISO121Canadian1 }
+    { CSA_Z243.4-1985-2 iso-ir-122 ISO646-CA2 csa7-2 csISO122Canadian2 }
+    { CSA_Z243.4-1985-gr iso-ir-123 csISO123CSAZ24341985gr }
+    { ISO_8859-6:1987 iso-ir-127 ISO_8859-6 ISO-8859-6 ECMA-114 ASMO-708
+      arabic csISOLatinArabic }
+    { ISO_8859-6-E csISO88596E ISO-8859-6-E }
+    { ISO_8859-6-I csISO88596I ISO-8859-6-I }
+    { ISO_8859-7:1987 iso-ir-126 ISO_8859-7 ISO-8859-7 ELOT_928 ECMA-118
+      greek greek8 csISOLatinGreek }
+    { T.101-G2 iso-ir-128 csISO128T101G2 }
+    { ISO_8859-8:1988 iso-ir-138 ISO_8859-8 ISO-8859-8 hebrew
+      csISOLatinHebrew }
+    { ISO_8859-8-E csISO88598E ISO-8859-8-E }
+    { ISO_8859-8-I csISO88598I ISO-8859-8-I }
+    { CSN_369103 iso-ir-139 csISO139CSN369103 }
+    { JUS_I.B1.002 iso-ir-141 ISO646-YU js yu csISO141JUSIB1002 }
+    { ISO_6937-2-add iso-ir-142 csISOTextComm }
+    { IEC_P27-1 iso-ir-143 csISO143IECP271 }
+    { ISO_8859-5:1988 iso-ir-144 ISO_8859-5 ISO-8859-5 cyrillic
+      csISOLatinCyrillic }
+    { JUS_I.B1.003-serb iso-ir-146 serbian csISO146Serbian }
+    { JUS_I.B1.003-mac macedonian iso-ir-147 csISO147Macedonian }
+    { ISO_8859-9:1989 iso-ir-148 ISO_8859-9 ISO-8859-9 latin5 l5 csISOLatin5 }
+    { greek-ccitt iso-ir-150 csISO150 csISO150GreekCCITT }
+    { NC_NC00-10:81 cuba iso-ir-151 ISO646-CU csISO151Cuba }
+    { ISO_6937-2-25 iso-ir-152 csISO6937Add }
+    { GOST_19768-74 ST_SEV_358-88 iso-ir-153 csISO153GOST1976874 }
+    { ISO_8859-supp iso-ir-154 latin1-2-5 csISO8859Supp }
+    { ISO_10367-box iso-ir-155 csISO10367Box }
+    { ISO-8859-10 iso-ir-157 l6 ISO_8859-10:1992 csISOLatin6 latin6 }
+    { latin-lap lap iso-ir-158 csISO158Lap }
+    { JIS_X0212-1990 x0212 iso-ir-159 csISO159JISX02121990 }
+    { DS_2089 DS2089 ISO646-DK dk csISO646Danish }
+    { us-dk csUSDK }
+    { dk-us csDKUS }
+    { JIS_X0201 X0201 csHalfWidthKatakana }
+    { KSC5636 ISO646-KR csKSC5636 }
+    { ISO-10646-UCS-2 csUnicode }
+    { ISO-10646-UCS-4 csUCS4 }
+    { DEC-MCS dec csDECMCS }
+    { hp-roman8 roman8 r8 csHPRoman8 }
+    { macintosh mac csMacintosh }
+    { IBM037 cp037 ebcdic-cp-us ebcdic-cp-ca ebcdic-cp-wt ebcdic-cp-nl
+      csIBM037 }
+    { IBM038 EBCDIC-INT cp038 csIBM038 }
+    { IBM273 CP273 csIBM273 }
+    { IBM274 EBCDIC-BE CP274 csIBM274 }
+    { IBM275 EBCDIC-BR cp275 csIBM275 }
+    { IBM277 EBCDIC-CP-DK EBCDIC-CP-NO csIBM277 }
+    { IBM278 CP278 ebcdic-cp-fi ebcdic-cp-se csIBM278 }
+    { IBM280 CP280 ebcdic-cp-it csIBM280 }
+    { IBM281 EBCDIC-JP-E cp281 csIBM281 }
+    { IBM284 CP284 ebcdic-cp-es csIBM284 }
+    { IBM285 CP285 ebcdic-cp-gb csIBM285 }
+    { IBM290 cp290 EBCDIC-JP-kana csIBM290 }
+    { IBM297 cp297 ebcdic-cp-fr csIBM297 }
+    { IBM420 cp420 ebcdic-cp-ar1 csIBM420 }
+    { IBM423 cp423 ebcdic-cp-gr csIBM423 }
+    { IBM424 cp424 ebcdic-cp-he csIBM424 }
+    { IBM437 cp437 437 csPC8CodePage437 }
+    { IBM500 CP500 ebcdic-cp-be ebcdic-cp-ch csIBM500 }
+    { IBM775 cp775 csPC775Baltic }
+    { IBM850 cp850 850 csPC850Multilingual }
+    { IBM851 cp851 851 csIBM851 }
+    { IBM852 cp852 852 csPCp852 }
+    { IBM855 cp855 855 csIBM855 }
+    { IBM857 cp857 857 csIBM857 }
+    { IBM860 cp860 860 csIBM860 }
+    { IBM861 cp861 861 cp-is csIBM861 }
+    { IBM862 cp862 862 csPC862LatinHebrew }
+    { IBM863 cp863 863 csIBM863 }
+    { IBM864 cp864 csIBM864 }
+    { IBM865 cp865 865 csIBM865 }
+    { IBM866 cp866 866 csIBM866 }
+    { IBM868 CP868 cp-ar csIBM868 }
+    { IBM869 cp869 869 cp-gr csIBM869 }
+    { IBM870 CP870 ebcdic-cp-roece ebcdic-cp-yu csIBM870 }
+    { IBM871 CP871 ebcdic-cp-is csIBM871 }
+    { IBM880 cp880 EBCDIC-Cyrillic csIBM880 }
+    { IBM891 cp891 csIBM891 }
+    { IBM903 cp903 csIBM903 }
+    { IBM904 cp904 904 csIBBM904 }
+    { IBM905 CP905 ebcdic-cp-tr csIBM905 }
+    { IBM918 CP918 ebcdic-cp-ar2 csIBM918 }
+    { IBM1026 CP1026 csIBM1026 }
+    { EBCDIC-AT-DE csIBMEBCDICATDE }
+    { EBCDIC-AT-DE-A csEBCDICATDEA }
+    { EBCDIC-CA-FR csEBCDICCAFR }
+    { EBCDIC-DK-NO csEBCDICDKNO }
+    { EBCDIC-DK-NO-A csEBCDICDKNOA }
+    { EBCDIC-FI-SE csEBCDICFISE }
+    { EBCDIC-FI-SE-A csEBCDICFISEA }
+    { EBCDIC-FR csEBCDICFR }
+    { EBCDIC-IT csEBCDICIT }
+    { EBCDIC-PT csEBCDICPT }
+    { EBCDIC-ES csEBCDICES }
+    { EBCDIC-ES-A csEBCDICESA }
+    { EBCDIC-ES-S csEBCDICESS }
+    { EBCDIC-UK csEBCDICUK }
+    { EBCDIC-US csEBCDICUS }
+    { UNKNOWN-8BIT csUnknown8BiT }
+    { MNEMONIC csMnemonic }
+    { MNEM csMnem }
+    { VISCII csVISCII }
+    { VIQR csVIQR }
+    { KOI8-R csKOI8R }
+    { IBM00858 CCSID00858 CP00858 PC-Multilingual-850+euro }
+    { IBM00924 CCSID00924 CP00924 ebcdic-Latin9--euro }
+    { IBM01140 CCSID01140 CP01140 ebcdic-us-37+euro }
+    { IBM01141 CCSID01141 CP01141 ebcdic-de-273+euro }
+    { IBM01142 CCSID01142 CP01142 ebcdic-dk-277+euro ebcdic-no-277+euro }
+    { IBM01143 CCSID01143 CP01143 ebcdic-fi-278+euro ebcdic-se-278+euro }
+    { IBM01144 CCSID01144 CP01144 ebcdic-it-280+euro }
+    { IBM01145 CCSID01145 CP01145 ebcdic-es-284+euro }
+    { IBM01146 CCSID01146 CP01146 ebcdic-gb-285+euro }
+    { IBM01147 CCSID01147 CP01147 ebcdic-fr-297+euro }
+    { IBM01148 CCSID01148 CP01148 ebcdic-international-500+euro }
+    { IBM01149 CCSID01149 CP01149 ebcdic-is-871+euro }
+    { IBM1047 IBM-1047 }
+    { PTCP154 csPTCP154 PT154 CP154 Cyrillic-Asian }
+    { Amiga-1251 Ami1251 Amiga1251 Ami-1251 }
+    { UNICODE-1-1 csUnicode11 }
+    { CESU-8 csCESU-8 }
+    { BOCU-1 csBOCU-1 }
+    { UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7 csUnicode11UTF7 }
+    { ISO-8859-14 iso-ir-199 ISO_8859-14:1998 ISO_8859-14 latin8 iso-celtic
+      l8 }
+    { ISO-8859-15 ISO_8859-15 Latin-9 }
+    { ISO-8859-16 iso-ir-226 ISO_8859-16:2001 ISO_8859-16 latin10 l10 }
+    { GBK CP936 MS936 windows-936 }
+    { JIS_Encoding csJISEncoding }
+    { Shift_JIS MS_Kanji csShiftJIS ShiftJIS Shift-JIS }
+    { Extended_UNIX_Code_Packed_Format_for_Japanese csEUCPkdFmtJapanese
+      EUC-JP }
+    { Extended_UNIX_Code_Fixed_Width_for_Japanese csEUCFixWidJapanese }
+    { ISO-10646-UCS-Basic csUnicodeASCII }
+    { ISO-10646-Unicode-Latin1 csUnicodeLatin1 ISO-10646 }
+    { ISO-Unicode-IBM-1261 csUnicodeIBM1261 }
+    { ISO-Unicode-IBM-1268 csUnicodeIBM1268 }
+    { ISO-Unicode-IBM-1276 csUnicodeIBM1276 }
+    { ISO-Unicode-IBM-1264 csUnicodeIBM1264 }
+    { ISO-Unicode-IBM-1265 csUnicodeIBM1265 }
+    { ISO-8859-1-Windows-3.0-Latin-1 csWindows30Latin1 }
+    { ISO-8859-1-Windows-3.1-Latin-1 csWindows31Latin1 }
+    { ISO-8859-2-Windows-Latin-2 csWindows31Latin2 }
+    { ISO-8859-9-Windows-Latin-5 csWindows31Latin5 }
+    { Adobe-Standard-Encoding csAdobeStandardEncoding }
+    { Ventura-US csVenturaUS }
+    { Ventura-International csVenturaInternational }
+    { PC8-Danish-Norwegian csPC8DanishNorwegian }
+    { PC8-Turkish csPC8Turkish }
+    { IBM-Symbols csIBMSymbols }
+    { IBM-Thai csIBMThai }
+    { HP-Legal csHPLegal }
+    { HP-Pi-font csHPPiFont }
+    { HP-Math8 csHPMath8 }
+    { Adobe-Symbol-Encoding csHPPSMath }
+    { HP-DeskTop csHPDesktop }
+    { Ventura-Math csVenturaMath }
+    { Microsoft-Publishing csMicrosoftPublishing }
+    { Windows-31J csWindows31J }
+    { GB2312 csGB2312 }
+    { Big5 csBig5 }
+}
+
+proc tcl_encoding {enc} {
+    global encoding_aliases tcl_encoding_cache
+    if {[info exists tcl_encoding_cache($enc)]} {
+	return $tcl_encoding_cache($enc)
+    }
+    set names [encoding names]
+    set lcnames [string tolower $names]
+    set enc [string tolower $enc]
+    set i [lsearch -exact $lcnames $enc]
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	# look for "isonnn" instead of "iso-nnn" or "iso_nnn"
+	if {[regsub {^(iso|cp|ibm|jis)[-_]} $enc {\1} encx]} {
+	    set i [lsearch -exact $lcnames $encx]
+	}
+    }
+    if {$i < 0} {
+	foreach l $encoding_aliases {
+	    set ll [string tolower $l]
+	    if {[lsearch -exact $ll $enc] < 0} continue
+	    # look through the aliases for one that tcl knows about
+	    foreach e $ll {
+		set i [lsearch -exact $lcnames $e]
+		if {$i < 0} {
+		    if {[regsub {^(iso|cp|ibm|jis)[-_]} $e {\1} ex]} {
+			set i [lsearch -exact $lcnames $ex]
+		    }
+		}
+		if {$i >= 0} break
+	    }
+	    break
+	}
+    }
+    set tclenc {}
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	set tclenc [lindex $names $i]
+    }
+    set tcl_encoding_cache($enc) $tclenc
+    return $tclenc
+}
+
+proc gitattr {path attr default} {
+    global path_attr_cache
+    if {[info exists path_attr_cache($attr,$path)]} {
+	set r $path_attr_cache($attr,$path)
+    } else {
+	set r "unspecified"
+	if {![catch {set line [exec git check-attr $attr -- $path]}]} {
+	    regexp "(.*): $attr: (.*)" $line m f r
+	}
+	set path_attr_cache($attr,$path) $r
+    }
+    if {$r eq "unspecified"} {
+	return $default
+    }
+    return $r
+}
+
+proc cache_gitattr {attr pathlist} {
+    global path_attr_cache
+    set newlist {}
+    foreach path $pathlist {
+	if {![info exists path_attr_cache($attr,$path)]} {
+	    lappend newlist $path
+	}
+    }
+    set lim 1000
+    if {[tk windowingsystem] == "win32"} {
+	# windows has a 32k limit on the arguments to a command...
+	set lim 30
+    }
+    while {$newlist ne {}} {
+	set head [lrange $newlist 0 [expr {$lim - 1}]]
+	set newlist [lrange $newlist $lim end]
+	if {![catch {set rlist [eval exec git check-attr $attr -- $head]}]} {
+	    foreach row [split $rlist "\n"] {
+		if {[regexp "(.*): $attr: (.*)" $row m path value]} {
+		    if {[string index $path 0] eq "\""} {
+			set path [encoding convertfrom [lindex $path 0]]
+		    }
+		    set path_attr_cache($attr,$path) $value
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc get_path_encoding {path} {
+    global gui_encoding perfile_attrs
+    set tcl_enc $gui_encoding
+    if {$path ne {} && $perfile_attrs} {
+	set enc2 [tcl_encoding [gitattr $path encoding $tcl_enc]]
+	if {$enc2 ne {}} {
+	    set tcl_enc $enc2
+	}
+    }
+    return $tcl_enc
+}
+
+# First check that Tcl/Tk is recent enough
+if {[catch {package require Tk 8.4} err]} {
+    show_error {} . "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n\
+		     Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4." list
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# defaults...
+set wrcomcmd "git diff-tree --stdin -p --pretty"
+
+set gitencoding {}
+catch {
+    set gitencoding [exec git config --get i18n.commitencoding]
+}
+catch {
+    set gitencoding [exec git config --get i18n.logoutputencoding]
+}
+if {$gitencoding == ""} {
+    set gitencoding "utf-8"
+}
+set tclencoding [tcl_encoding $gitencoding]
+if {$tclencoding == {}} {
+    puts stderr "Warning: encoding $gitencoding is not supported by Tcl/Tk"
+}
+
+set gui_encoding [encoding system]
+catch {
+    set enc [exec git config --get gui.encoding]
+    if {$enc ne {}} {
+	set tclenc [tcl_encoding $enc]
+	if {$tclenc ne {}} {
+	    set gui_encoding $tclenc
+	} else {
+	    puts stderr "Warning: encoding $enc is not supported by Tcl/Tk"
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    set mainfont {{Lucida Grande} 9}
+    set textfont {Monaco 9}
+    set uifont {{Lucida Grande} 9 bold}
+} else {
+    set mainfont {Helvetica 9}
+    set textfont {Courier 9}
+    set uifont {Helvetica 9 bold}
+}
+set tabstop 8
+set findmergefiles 0
+set maxgraphpct 50
+set maxwidth 16
+set revlistorder 0
+set fastdate 0
+set uparrowlen 5
+set downarrowlen 5
+set mingaplen 100
+set cmitmode "patch"
+set wrapcomment "none"
+set showneartags 1
+set hideremotes 0
+set maxrefs 20
+set maxlinelen 200
+set showlocalchanges 1
+set limitdiffs 1
+set datetimeformat "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+set autoselect 1
+set perfile_attrs 0
+set want_ttk 1
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    set extdifftool "opendiff"
+} else {
+    set extdifftool "meld"
+}
+
+set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
+    set uicolor SystemButtonFace
+    set bgcolor SystemWindow
+    set fgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set selectbgcolor SystemHighlight
+} else {
+    set uicolor grey85
+    set bgcolor white
+    set fgcolor black
+    set selectbgcolor gray85
+}
+set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
+set diffcontext 3
+set ignorespace 0
+set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
+
+set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
+
+# button for popping up context menus
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    set ctxbut <Button-2>
+} else {
+    set ctxbut <Button-3>
+}
+
+## For msgcat loading, first locate the installation location.
+if { [info exists ::env(GITK_MSGSDIR)] } {
+    ## Msgsdir was manually set in the environment.
+    set gitk_msgsdir $::env(GITK_MSGSDIR)
+} else {
+    ## Let's guess the prefix from argv0.
+    set gitk_prefix [file dirname [file dirname [file normalize $argv0]]]
+    set gitk_libdir [file join $gitk_prefix share gitk lib]
+    set gitk_msgsdir [file join $gitk_libdir msgs]
+    unset gitk_prefix
+}
+
+## Internationalization (i18n) through msgcat and gettext. See
+## http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Tcl.html
+package require msgcat
+namespace import ::msgcat::mc
+## And eventually load the actual message catalog
+::msgcat::mcload $gitk_msgsdir
+
+catch {source ~/.gitk}
+
+font create optionfont -family sans-serif -size -12
+
+parsefont mainfont $mainfont
+eval font create mainfont [fontflags mainfont]
+eval font create mainfontbold [fontflags mainfont 1]
+
+parsefont textfont $textfont
+eval font create textfont [fontflags textfont]
+eval font create textfontbold [fontflags textfont 1]
+
+parsefont uifont $uifont
+eval font create uifont [fontflags uifont]
+
+setui $uicolor
+
+setoptions
+
+# check that we can find a .git directory somewhere...
+if {[catch {set gitdir [gitdir]}]} {
+    show_error {} . [mc "Cannot find a git repository here."]
+    exit 1
+}
+if {![file isdirectory $gitdir]} {
+    show_error {} . [mc "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"." $gitdir]
+    exit 1
+}
+
+set selecthead {}
+set selectheadid {}
+
+set revtreeargs {}
+set cmdline_files {}
+set i 0
+set revtreeargscmd {}
+foreach arg $argv {
+    switch -glob -- $arg {
+	"" { }
+	"--" {
+	    set cmdline_files [lrange $argv [expr {$i + 1}] end]
+	    break
+	}
+	"--select-commit=*" {
+	    set selecthead [string range $arg 16 end]
+	}
+	"--argscmd=*" {
+	    set revtreeargscmd [string range $arg 10 end]
+	}
+	default {
+	    lappend revtreeargs $arg
+	}
+    }
+    incr i
+}
+
+if {$selecthead eq "HEAD"} {
+    set selecthead {}
+}
+
+if {$i >= [llength $argv] && $revtreeargs ne {}} {
+    # no -- on command line, but some arguments (other than --argscmd)
+    if {[catch {
+	set f [eval exec git rev-parse --no-revs --no-flags $revtreeargs]
+	set cmdline_files [split $f "\n"]
+	set n [llength $cmdline_files]
+	set revtreeargs [lrange $revtreeargs 0 end-$n]
+	# Unfortunately git rev-parse doesn't produce an error when
+	# something is both a revision and a filename.  To be consistent
+	# with git log and git rev-list, check revtreeargs for filenames.
+	foreach arg $revtreeargs {
+	    if {[file exists $arg]} {
+		show_error {} . [mc "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision\
+				 and filename" $arg]
+		exit 1
+	    }
+	}
+    } err]} {
+	# unfortunately we get both stdout and stderr in $err,
+	# so look for "fatal:".
+	set i [string first "fatal:" $err]
+	if {$i > 0} {
+	    set err [string range $err [expr {$i + 6}] end]
+	}
+	show_error {} . "[mc "Bad arguments to gitk:"]\n$err"
+	exit 1
+    }
+}
+
+set nullid "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+set nullid2 "0000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+set nullfile "/dev/null"
+
+set have_tk85 [expr {[package vcompare $tk_version "8.5"] >= 0}]
+if {![info exists have_ttk]} {
+    set have_ttk [llength [info commands ::ttk::style]]
+}
+set use_ttk [expr {$have_ttk && $want_ttk}]
+set NS [expr {$use_ttk ? "ttk" : ""}]
+
+set git_version [join [lrange [split [lindex [exec git version] end] .] 0 2] .]
+
+set runq {}
+set history {}
+set historyindex 0
+set fh_serial 0
+set nhl_names {}
+set highlight_paths {}
+set findpattern {}
+set searchdirn -forwards
+set boldids {}
+set boldnameids {}
+set diffelide {0 0}
+set markingmatches 0
+set linkentercount 0
+set need_redisplay 0
+set nrows_drawn 0
+set firsttabstop 0
+
+set nextviewnum 1
+set curview 0
+set selectedview 0
+set selectedhlview [mc "None"]
+set highlight_related [mc "None"]
+set highlight_files {}
+set viewfiles(0) {}
+set viewperm(0) 0
+set viewargs(0) {}
+set viewargscmd(0) {}
+
+set selectedline {}
+set numcommits 0
+set loginstance 0
+set cmdlineok 0
+set stopped 0
+set stuffsaved 0
+set patchnum 0
+set lserial 0
+set isworktree [expr {[exec git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree] == "true"}]
+setcoords
+makewindow
+catch {
+    image create photo gitlogo      -width 16 -height 16
+
+    image create photo gitlogominus -width  4 -height  2
+    gitlogominus put #C00000 -to 0 0 4 2
+    gitlogo copy gitlogominus -to  1 5
+    gitlogo copy gitlogominus -to  6 5
+    gitlogo copy gitlogominus -to 11 5
+    image delete gitlogominus
+
+    image create photo gitlogoplus  -width  4 -height  4
+    gitlogoplus  put #008000 -to 1 0 3 4
+    gitlogoplus  put #008000 -to 0 1 4 3
+    gitlogo copy gitlogoplus  -to  1 9
+    gitlogo copy gitlogoplus  -to  6 9
+    gitlogo copy gitlogoplus  -to 11 9
+    image delete gitlogoplus
+
+    image create photo gitlogo32    -width 32 -height 32
+    gitlogo32 copy gitlogo -zoom 2 2
+
+    wm iconphoto . -default gitlogo gitlogo32
+}
+# wait for the window to become visible
+tkwait visibility .
+wm title . "[file tail $argv0]: [file tail [pwd]]"
+update
+readrefs
+
+if {$cmdline_files ne {} || $revtreeargs ne {} || $revtreeargscmd ne {}} {
+    # create a view for the files/dirs specified on the command line
+    set curview 1
+    set selectedview 1
+    set nextviewnum 2
+    set viewname(1) [mc "Command line"]
+    set viewfiles(1) $cmdline_files
+    set viewargs(1) $revtreeargs
+    set viewargscmd(1) $revtreeargscmd
+    set viewperm(1) 0
+    set vdatemode(1) 0
+    addviewmenu 1
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Edit view..."] -state normal
+    .bar.view entryconf [mca "Delete view"] -state normal
+}
+
+if {[info exists permviews]} {
+    foreach v $permviews {
+	set n $nextviewnum
+	incr nextviewnum
+	set viewname($n) [lindex $v 0]
+	set viewfiles($n) [lindex $v 1]
+	set viewargs($n) [lindex $v 2]
+	set viewargscmd($n) [lindex $v 3]
+	set viewperm($n) 1
+	addviewmenu $n
+    }
+}
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
+    focus -force .
+}
+
+getcommits {}
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/.gitignore b/gitk-git/po/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e358dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.msg
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/de.po b/gitk-git/po/de.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c79aa9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/de.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1278 @@
+# Translation of gitk to German.
+# Copyright (C) 2007 Paul Mackerras.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+#
+# Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>, 2007.
+# Frederik Schwarzer <schwarzerf@gmail.com>, 2008.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-27 20:21+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-27 20:27+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>\n"
+"Language-Team: German\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:115
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Liste der nicht zusammengeführten Dateien nicht gefunden:"
+
+#: gitk:274
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Laden der Versionen:"
+
+#: gitk:329
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen des --argscmd-Kommandos:"
+
+#: gitk:342
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Dateien ausgewählt: Es wurde --merge angegeben, aber es existieren "
+"keine nicht zusammengeführten Dateien."
+
+#: gitk:345
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Dateien ausgewählt: Es wurde --merge angegeben, aber es sind keine "
+"nicht zusammengeführten Dateien in der Dateiauswahl."
+
+#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von »git log«:"
+
+#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Lesen"
+
+#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Versionen werden gelesen ..."
+
+#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Keine Versionen ausgewählt"
+
+#: gitk:1454
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Ausgabe von »git log« kann nicht erkannt werden:"
+
+#: gitk:1674
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Keine Versionsinformation verfügbar"
+
+#: gitk:1816
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Ok"
+
+#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
+#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Abbrechen"
+
+#: gitk:1975
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Aktualisieren"
+
+#: gitk:1976
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Neu laden"
+
+#: gitk:1977
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Zweige neu laden"
+
+#: gitk:1978
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen auflisten"
+
+#: gitk:1980
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "»git gui« starten"
+
+#: gitk:1982
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Beenden"
+
+#: gitk:1974
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#: gitk:1986
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Einstellungen"
+
+#: gitk:1985
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Bearbeiten"
+
+#: gitk:1990
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Neue Ansicht ..."
+
+#: gitk:1991
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Ansicht bearbeiten ..."
+
+#: gitk:1992
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Ansicht entfernen"
+
+#: gitk:1994
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Alle Dateien"
+
+#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Ansicht"
+
+#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Über gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Tastenkürzel"
+
+#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Hilfe"
+
+#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:2122
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Zeile"
+
+#: gitk:2160
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Suche"
+
+#: gitk:2161
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "nächste"
+
+#: gitk:2162
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "vorige"
+
+#: gitk:2163
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "Version nach"
+
+#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
+#: gitk:6566
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "Beschreibung:"
+
+#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "Dateien:"
+
+#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "Änderungen:"
+
+#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exakt"
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Kein Groß/Klein"
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Regexp"
+
+#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Alle Felder"
+
+#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Überschrift"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Beschreibung"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
+#: gitk:8300
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Eintragender"
+
+#: gitk:2216
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Suchen"
+
+#: gitk:2224
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Vergleich"
+
+#: gitk:2226
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Alte Version"
+
+#: gitk:2228
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Neue Version"
+
+#: gitk:2230
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Kontextzeilen"
+
+#: gitk:2240
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Leerzeichenänderungen ignorieren"
+
+#: gitk:2299
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Patch"
+
+#: gitk:2301
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Baum"
+
+#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Vergleich: diese -> gewählte"
+
+#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Vergleich: gewählte -> diese"
+
+#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Patch erstellen"
+
+#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Markierung erstellen"
+
+#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Version in Datei schreiben"
+
+#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Neuen Zweig erstellen"
+
+#: gitk:2462
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Diese Version pflücken"
+
+#: gitk:2463
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "HEAD-Zweig auf diese Version zurücksetzen"
+
+#: gitk:2464
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Lesezeichen setzen"
+
+#: gitk:2465
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Zum Lesezeichen"
+
+#: gitk:2466
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Abkömmling von Lesezeichen und dieser Version finden"
+
+#: gitk:2467
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Mit Lesezeichen vergleichen"
+
+#: gitk:2481
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Auf diesen Zweig umstellen"
+
+#: gitk:2482
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Zweig löschen"
+
+#: gitk:2489
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Diesen auch hervorheben"
+
+#: gitk:2490
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Nur diesen hervorheben"
+
+#: gitk:2491
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm"
+
+#: gitk:2492
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Annotieren der Elternversion"
+
+#: gitk:2499
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Herkunft dieser Zeile anzeigen"
+
+#: gitk:2500
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Diese Zeile annotieren (»git gui blame«)"
+
+#: gitk:2782
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - eine Visualisierung der Git-Historie\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Benutzung und Weiterverbreitung gemäß den Bedingungen der GNU General Public License"
+
+#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Schließen"
+
+#: gitk:2811
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Gitk-Tastaturbelegung"
+
+#: gitk:2814
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Gitk-Tastaturbelegung:"
+
+#: gitk:2816
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tBeenden"
+
+#: gitk:2817
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Pos1>\t\tZur neuesten Version springen"
+
+#: gitk:2818
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<Ende>\t\tZur ältesten Version springen"
+
+#: gitk:2819
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Hoch>, p, i\tNächste neuere Version"
+
+#: gitk:2820
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Runter>, n, k\tNächste ältere Version"
+
+#: gitk:2821
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Links>, z, j\tEine Version zurückgehen"
+
+#: gitk:2822
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Rechts>, x, l\tEine Version weitergehen"
+
+#: gitk:2823
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<BildHoch>\tEine Seite nach oben blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2824
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<BildRunter>\tEine Seite nach unten blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Pos1>\tZum oberen Ende der Versionsliste blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2826
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Ende>\tZum unteren Ende der Versionsliste blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2827
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Hoch>\tVersionsliste eine Zeile nach oben blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2828
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Runter>\tVersionsliste eine Zeile nach unten blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-BildHoch>\tVersionsliste eine Seite nach oben blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2830
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-BildRunter>\tVersionsliste eine Seite nach unten blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2831
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Umschalt-Hoch>\tRückwärts suchen (nach oben; neuere Versionen)"
+
+#: gitk:2832
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Umschalt-Runter> Suchen (nach unten; ältere Versionen)"
+
+#: gitk:2833
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Entf>, b\t\tVergleich eine Seite nach oben blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2834
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Löschtaste>\tVergleich eine Seite nach oben blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2835
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Leertaste>\tVergleich eine Seite nach unten blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2836
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tVergleich um 18 Zeilen nach oben blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2837
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tVergleich um 18 Zeilen nach unten blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2838
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSuchen"
+
+#: gitk:2839
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tWeitersuchen"
+
+#: gitk:2840
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Eingabetaste>\tWeitersuchen"
+
+#: gitk:2841
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tTastaturfokus ins Suchfeld"
+
+#: gitk:2842
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tRückwärts weitersuchen"
+
+#: gitk:2843
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tVergleich zur nächsten Datei blättern"
+
+#: gitk:2844
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tWeitersuchen im Vergleich"
+
+#: gitk:2845
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tRückwärts weitersuchen im Vergleich"
+
+#: gitk:2846
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Nummerblock-Plus>\tSchrift vergrößern"
+
+#: gitk:2847
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Plus>\tSchrift vergrößern"
+
+#: gitk:2848
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Nummernblock-Minus> Schrift verkleinern"
+
+#: gitk:2849
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Minus>\tSchrift verkleinern"
+
+#: gitk:2850
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tAktualisieren"
+
+#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen des temporären Verzeichnisses »%s«:"
+
+#: gitk:3327
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Holen von »%s« von »%s«:"
+
+#: gitk:3390
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "Kommando fehlgeschlagen:"
+
+#: gitk:3539
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Version nicht gefunden"
+
+#: gitk:3553
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: Kommando fehlgeschlagen:"
+
+#: gitk:3584
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Zusammenführungs-Spitze konnte nicht gelesen werden: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3592
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Bereitstellung (»index«): %s"
+
+#: gitk:3617
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "»git blame« konnte nicht gestartet werden: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Suchen"
+
+#: gitk:3652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von »git blame«: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3680
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+"Diese Zeile stammt aus Version %s, die nicht in dieser Ansicht gezeigt wird"
+
+#: gitk:3694
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm fehlgeschlagen:"
+
+#: gitk:3812
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Gitk-Ansichten"
+
+#: gitk:3816
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Diese Ansicht speichern"
+
+#: gitk:3817
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen (durch Leerzeichen getrennte Liste):"
+
+#: gitk:3818
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen:"
+
+#: gitk:3819
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Alle Markierungen und Zweige"
+
+#: gitk:3820
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Alle (lokalen) Zweige"
+
+#: gitk:3821
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Alle Markierungen"
+
+#: gitk:3822
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Alle Übernahmezweige"
+
+#: gitk:3823
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Versionsinformationen (reguläre Ausdrücke):"
+
+#: gitk:3824
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autor:"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Eintragender:"
+
+#: gitk:3826
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Versionsbeschreibung:"
+
+#: gitk:3827
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Alle Versionsinformationen-Kriterien erfüllen"
+
+#: gitk:3828
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Dateien:"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Zeichenkette"
+
+#: gitk:3830
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Regulärer Ausdruck"
+
+#: gitk:3831
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Suchausdruck:"
+
+#: gitk:3832
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr "Datum (»2 weeks ago«, »2009-03-17 15:27:38«, »March 17, 2009 15:27:38«)"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Von:"
+
+#: gitk:3834
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Bis:"
+
+#: gitk:3835
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Versionsanzahl begrenzen oder einige überspringen (ganzzahliger Wert):"
+
+#: gitk:3836
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Anzeigen:"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Überspringen:"
+
+#: gitk:3838
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Sonstiges:"
+
+#: gitk:3839
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Streng nach Datum sortieren"
+
+#: gitk:3840
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Zweig-Seiten markieren"
+
+#: gitk:3841
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Auf erste Elternversion beschränken"
+
+#: gitk:3842
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Einfache Historie"
+
+#: gitk:3843
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Zusätzliche Argumente für »git log«:"
+
+#: gitk:3844
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Folgende Dateien und Verzeichnisse anzeigen (eine pro Zeile):"
+
+#: gitk:3845
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Versionsliste durch folgendes Kommando erzeugen lassen:"
+
+#: gitk:3967
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: Ansicht bearbeiten"
+
+#: gitk:3975
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- Auswahl der angezeigten Versionen"
+
+#: gitk:3980
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Ansichtsname"
+
+#: gitk:4055
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Anwenden (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Fehler in den ausgewählten Versionen:"
+
+#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Keine"
+
+#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "Eintragedatum"
+
+#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Abkömmling"
+
+#: gitk:4744
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Kein Abkömmling"
+
+#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Vorgänger"
+
+#: gitk:4752
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Kein Vorgänger"
+
+#: gitk:5042
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Lokale Änderungen bereitgestellt, aber nicht eingetragen"
+
+#: gitk:5078
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Lokale Änderungen, nicht bereitgestellt"
+
+#: gitk:6759
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "viele"
+
+#: gitk:6942
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Markierungen:"
+
+#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Eltern"
+
+#: gitk:6970
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Kind"
+
+#: gitk:6979
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Zweig"
+
+#: gitk:6982
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Folgt auf"
+
+#: gitk:6985
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Vorgänger von"
+
+#: gitk:7522
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Laden des Vergleichs: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8108
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Gehe zu:"
+
+#: gitk:8129
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Kurzer SHA1-Hashwert »%s« ist mehrdeutig"
+
+#: gitk:8136
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Version »%s« ist unbekannt"
+
+#: gitk:8146
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert »%s« ist unbekannt"
+
+#: gitk:8148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "Version »%s« wird in der aktuellen Ansicht nicht angezeigt"
+
+#: gitk:8290
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Kinder"
+
+#: gitk:8348
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Zweig »%s« hierher zurücksetzen"
+
+#: gitk:8350
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Zweigspitze ist abgetrennt: Zurücksetzen nicht möglich"
+
+#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Überspringe Zusammenführungs-Version "
+
+#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Fehler beim Holen der Patch-ID für "
+
+#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - Abbruch.\n"
+
+#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Version "
+
+#: gitk:8489
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" ist das gleiche Patch wie\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8497
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" ist unterschiedlich von\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8499
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vergleich der Versionen:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " hat %s Kinder. Abbruch\n"
+
+#: gitk:8539
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Version in Datei: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8545
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Vergleichen der Versionen: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8575
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Oben"
+
+#: gitk:8576
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Von"
+
+#: gitk:8581
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "bis"
+
+#: gitk:8605
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Patch erstellen"
+
+#: gitk:8607
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Von:"
+
+#: gitk:8616
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "bis:"
+
+#: gitk:8625
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Umgekehrt"
+
+#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Ausgabedatei:"
+
+#: gitk:8633
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Erzeugen"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen des Patches:"
+
+#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8703
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Markierungsname:"
+
+#: gitk:8706
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Eine Markierungsbeschreibung ist optional"
+
+#: gitk:8708
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Markierungsbeschreibung:"
+
+#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Erstellen"
+
+#: gitk:8730
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Kein Markierungsname angegeben"
+
+#: gitk:8734
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Markierung »%s« existiert bereits."
+
+#: gitk:8744
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Markierung:"
+
+#: gitk:8819
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Kommando:"
+
+#: gitk:8827
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Schreiben"
+
+#: gitk:8845
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Version:"
+
+#: gitk:8872
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Name:"
+
+#: gitk:8895
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen für den neuen Zweig an."
+
+#: gitk:8900
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Zweig »%s« existiert bereits. Soll er überschrieben werden?"
+
+#: gitk:8966
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Version »%s« ist bereits im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem erneut eintragen?"
+
+#: gitk:8971
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Version pflücken"
+
+#: gitk:8980
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Pflücken fehlgeschlagen, da noch lokale Änderungen in Datei »%s«\n"
+"vorliegen. Bitte diese Änderungen eintragen, zurücksetzen oder\n"
+"zwischenspeichern (»git stash«) und dann erneut versuchen."
+
+#: gitk:8986
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Pflücken fehlgeschlagen, da ein Zusammenführungs-Konflikt aufgetreten\n"
+"ist. Soll das Zusammenführungs-Werkzeug (»git citool«) aufgerufen\n"
+"werden, um diesen Konflikt aufzulösen?"
+
+#: gitk:9002
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen eingetragen"
+
+#: gitk:9028
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Zurücksetzen bestätigen"
+
+#: gitk:9030
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Zweig »%s« auf »%s« zurücksetzen?"
+
+#: gitk:9032
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Art des Zurücksetzens:"
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Harmlos: Arbeitskopie und Bereitstellung unverändert"
+
+#: gitk:9038
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr ""
+"Gemischt: Arbeitskopie unverändert,\n"
+"Bereitstellung zurückgesetzt"
+
+#: gitk:9041
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hart: Arbeitskopie und Bereitstellung\n"
+"(Alle lokalen Änderungen werden gelöscht)"
+
+#: gitk:9058
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Zurücksetzen"
+
+#: gitk:9118
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Umstellen"
+
+#: gitk:9171
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Zweig, auf den die Arbeitskopie momentan umgestellt ist, kann nicht "
+"gelöscht werden."
+
+#: gitk:9177
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Versionen auf Zweig »%s« existieren auf keinem anderen Zweig.\n"
+"Zweig »%s« trotzdem löschen?"
+
+#: gitk:9208
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Markierungen und Zweige: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9223
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtern"
+
+#: gitk:9518
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Lesen der Strukturinformationen; Zweige und Informationen zu "
+"Vorgänger/Nachfolger werden unvollständig sein."
+
+#: gitk:10504
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Markierung"
+
+#: gitk:10504
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:10554
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Gitk-Schriften wählen"
+
+#: gitk:10571
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "F"
+
+#: gitk:10574
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "K"
+
+#: gitk:10692
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk-Einstellungen"
+
+#: gitk:10694
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Anzeige der Versionsliste"
+
+#: gitk:10697
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Maximale Graphenbreite (Zeilen)"
+
+#: gitk:10700
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Maximale Graphenbreite (% des Fensters)"
+
+#: gitk:10703
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Lokale Änderungen anzeigen"
+
+#: gitk:10706
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert automatisch auswählen"
+
+#: gitk:10709
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Entfernte Zweige/Markierungen ausblenden"
+
+#: gitk:10713
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Anzeige des Vergleichs"
+
+#: gitk:10715
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Tabulatorbreite"
+
+#: gitk:10718
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Naheliegende Markierungen anzeigen"
+
+#: gitk:10721
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Vergleich nur für angezeigte Pfade"
+
+#: gitk:10724
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Zeichenkodierung pro Datei ermitteln"
+
+#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm"
+
+#: gitk:10731
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Wählen ..."
+
+#: gitk:10736
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: gitk:10739
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Aussehen der Benutzeroberfläche durch Thema bestimmen"
+
+#: gitk:10741
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(Änderungen werden erst nach Neustart wirksam)"
+
+#: gitk:10743
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(Momentan nicht verfügbar)"
+
+#: gitk:10747
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Farben: Klicken zum Wählen"
+
+#: gitk:10750
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Benutzeroberfläche"
+
+#: gitk:10751
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "Benutzeroberfläche"
+
+#: gitk:10754
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Hintergrund"
+
+#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "Hintergrund"
+
+#: gitk:10758
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Vordergrund"
+
+#: gitk:10759
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "Vordergrund"
+
+#: gitk:10762
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Vergleich: Alte Zeilen"
+
+#: gitk:10763
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "Vergleich - Alte Zeilen"
+
+#: gitk:10767
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Vergleich: Neue Zeilen"
+
+#: gitk:10768
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "Vergleich - Neue Zeilen"
+
+#: gitk:10772
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Vergleich: Änderungstitel"
+
+#: gitk:10774
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "Vergleich - Änderungstitel"
+
+#: gitk:10778
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Hintergrund für markierte Zeile"
+
+#: gitk:10780
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "Hintergrund für markierte Zeile"
+
+#: gitk:10784
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Hintergrundfarbe auswählen"
+
+#: gitk:10788
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Schriftart: Klicken zum Wählen"
+
+#: gitk:10790
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Programmschriftart"
+
+#: gitk:10791
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Schriftart für Vergleich"
+
+#: gitk:10792
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Beschriftungen"
+
+#: gitk:10829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: Farbe wählen für %s"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Kein Git-Projektarchiv gefunden."
+
+#: gitk:11437
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis »%s« wurde nicht gefunden."
+
+#: gitk:11484
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Mehrdeutige Angabe »%s«: Sowohl Version als auch Dateiname existiert."
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Falsche Kommandozeilen-Parameter für gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:11587
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Kommandozeile"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/es.po b/gitk-git/po/es.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e19b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/es.po
@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+# Translation of gitk
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Santiago Gala
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Santiago Gala <santiago.gala@gmail.com>, 2008.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-10-18 22:03+1100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-03-25 11:20+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Santiago Gala <santiago.gala@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Spanish\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:113
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Imposible obtener la lista de archivos pendientes de fusión:"
+
+#: gitk:340
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"No hay archivos seleccionados: se seleccionó la opción --merge pero no hay "
+"archivos pendientes de fusión."
+
+#: gitk:343
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"No hay archivos seleccionados: se seleccionó la opción --merge pero los "
+"archivos especificados no necesitan fusión."
+
+#: gitk:378
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Leyendo"
+
+#: gitk:438 gitk:3462
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Leyendo revisiones..."
+
+#: gitk:441 gitk:1528 gitk:3465
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "No se seleccionaron revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:1399
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Error analizando la salida de git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1605
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Falta información sobre las revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:1709 gitk:1731 gitk:3259 gitk:7764 gitk:9293 gitk:9466
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Aceptar"
+
+#: gitk:1733 gitk:3260 gitk:7439 gitk:7510 gitk:7613 gitk:7660 gitk:7766
+#: gitk:9294 gitk:9467
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Cancelar"
+
+#: gitk:1811
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Actualizar"
+
+#: gitk:1813
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Releer referencias"
+
+#: gitk:1814
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Lista de referencias"
+
+#: gitk:1815
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Salir"
+
+#: gitk:1810
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Archivo"
+
+#: gitk:1818
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Preferencias"
+
+#: gitk:1817
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Editar"
+
+#: gitk:1821
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Nueva vista..."
+
+#: gitk:1822
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Modificar vista..."
+
+#: gitk:1823
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Eliminar vista"
+
+#: gitk:1825
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Todos los archivos"
+
+#: gitk:1820 gitk:3196
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:1828 gitk:2487
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Acerca de gitk"
+
+#: gitk:1829
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Combinaciones de teclas"
+
+#: gitk:1827
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Ayuda"
+
+#: gitk:1887
+msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#: gitk:1918
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:1949
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Buscar"
+
+#: gitk:1950
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "<<"
+
+#: gitk:1951
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr ">>"
+
+#: gitk:1952
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "revisión"
+
+#: gitk:1955 gitk:1957 gitk:3617 gitk:3640 gitk:3664 gitk:5550 gitk:5621
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "que contiene:"
+
+#: gitk:1958 gitk:2954 gitk:2959 gitk:3692
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "que modifica la ruta:"
+
+#: gitk:1959 gitk:3697
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "que añade/elimina cadena:"
+
+#: gitk:1968 gitk:1970
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exacto"
+
+#: gitk:1970 gitk:3773 gitk:5518
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "NoMayús"
+
+#: gitk:1970 gitk:3666 gitk:3771 gitk:5514
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Regex"
+
+#: gitk:1972 gitk:1973 gitk:3792 gitk:3822 gitk:3829 gitk:5641 gitk:5708
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Todos los campos"
+
+#: gitk:1973 gitk:3790 gitk:3822 gitk:5580
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Título"
+
+#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:5708 gitk:6109
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Comentarios"
+
+#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:3794 gitk:3829 gitk:5580 gitk:6045 gitk:7285
+#: gitk:7300
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:6047
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2003
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Buscar"
+
+#: gitk:2010
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diferencia"
+
+#: gitk:2012
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Versión antigua"
+
+#: gitk:2014
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Versión nueva"
+
+#: gitk:2016
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Líneas de contexto"
+
+#: gitk:2026
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignora cambios de espaciado"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Parche"
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Árbol"
+
+#: gitk:2213 gitk:2226
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diferencia de esta -> seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:2214 gitk:2227
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia de seleccionada -> esta"
+
+#: gitk:2215 gitk:2228
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Crear patch"
+
+#: gitk:2216 gitk:7494
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Crear etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:2217 gitk:7593
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Escribir revisiones a archivo"
+
+#: gitk:2218 gitk:7647
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Crear nueva rama"
+
+#: gitk:2219
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
+
+#: gitk:2220
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Traer la rama HEAD aquí"
+
+#: gitk:2234
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Cambiar a esta rama"
+
+#: gitk:2235
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Eliminar esta rama"
+
+#: gitk:2242
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Seleccionar también"
+
+#: gitk:2243
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Seleccionar sólo"
+
+#: gitk:2245
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2488
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - un visualizador de revisiones para git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Uso y redistribución permitidos según los términos de la Licencia Pública "
+"General de GNU (GNU GPL)"
+
+#: gitk:2496 gitk:2557 gitk:7943
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Cerrar"
+
+#: gitk:2515
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Combinaciones de tecla de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2517
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Combinaciones de tecla de Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:2519
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSalir"
+
+#: gitk:2520
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tIr a la primera revisión"
+
+#: gitk:2521
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tIr a la última revisión"
+
+#: gitk:2522
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tSubir una revisión"
+
+#: gitk:2523
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tBajar una revisión"
+
+#: gitk:2524
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tRetroceder en la historia"
+
+#: gitk:2525
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tAvanzar en la historia"
+
+#: gitk:2526
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tSubir una página en la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2527
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tBajar una página en la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2528
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tDesplazarse al inicio de la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2529
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tDesplazarse al final de la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2530
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tDesplazar una línea hacia arriba la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2531
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tDesplazar una línea hacia abajo la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2532
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tDesplazar una página hacia arriba la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2533
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tDesplazar una página hacia abajo la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:2534
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tBuscar hacia atrás (arriba, revisiones siguientes)"
+
+#: gitk:2535
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tBuscar hacia adelante (abajo, revisiones anteriores)"
+
+#: gitk:2536
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tDesplaza hacia arriba una página la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2537
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tDesplaza hacia arriba una página la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2538
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tDesplaza hacia abajo una página la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2539
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tDesplaza hacia arriba 18 líneas la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2540
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tDesplaza hacia abajo 18 líneas la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2541
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tBuscar"
+
+#: gitk:2542
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tBuscar el siguiente"
+
+#: gitk:2543
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\tBuscar el siguiente"
+
+#: gitk:2544
+msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
+msgstr "/\t\tBuscar el siguiente, o reiniciar la búsqueda"
+
+#: gitk:2545
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tBuscar el anterior"
+
+#: gitk:2546
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tDesplazar la vista de diferencias al archivo siguiente"
+
+#: gitk:2547
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tBuscar siguiente en la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2548
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tBuscar anterior en la vista de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:2549
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumentar tamaño del texto"
+
+#: gitk:2550
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumentar tamaño del texto"
+
+#: gitk:2551
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDisminuir tamaño del texto"
+
+#: gitk:2552
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDisminuir tamaño del texto"
+
+#: gitk:2553
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tActualizar"
+
+#: gitk:3200
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Definición de vistas de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3225
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "Nombre"
+
+#: gitk:3228
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Recordar esta vista"
+
+#: gitk:3232
+msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git log):"
+msgstr "Revisiones a incluir (argumentos a git log):"
+
+#: gitk:3239
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Comando que genera más revisiones a incluir:"
+
+#: gitk:3246
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Introducir archivos y directorios a incluir, uno por línea:"
+
+#: gitk:3293
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Error en los argumentos de selección de las revisiones:"
+
+#: gitk:3347 gitk:3399 gitk:3842 gitk:3856 gitk:5060 gitk:10141 gitk:10142
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Ninguno"
+
+#: gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:7287 gitk:7302
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Fecha"
+
+#: gitk:3790 gitk:5580
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "Fecha de creación"
+
+#: gitk:3939 gitk:3944
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Descendiente"
+
+#: gitk:3940
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "No descendiente"
+
+#: gitk:3947 gitk:3952
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Antepasado"
+
+#: gitk:3948
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "No antepasado"
+
+#: gitk:4187
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Cambios locales añadidos al índice pero sin completar revisión"
+
+#: gitk:4220
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Cambios locales sin añadir al índice"
+
+#: gitk:5549
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Buscando"
+
+#: gitk:6049
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Etiquetas:"
+
+#: gitk:6066 gitk:6072 gitk:7280
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Padre"
+
+#: gitk:6077
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Hija"
+
+#: gitk:6086
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Rama"
+
+#: gitk:6089
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Sigue-a"
+
+#: gitk:6092
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Precede-a"
+
+#: gitk:6378
+msgid "Error getting merge diffs:"
+msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
+
+#: gitk:7113
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Ir a:"
+
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:7134
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "La id SHA1 abreviada %s es ambigua"
+
+#: gitk:7146
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "La id SHA1 %s es desconocida"
+
+#: gitk:7148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+msgstr "La etiqueta/rama %s es deconocida"
+
+#: gitk:7290
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Hijas"
+
+#: gitk:7347
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Poner la rama %s en esta revisión"
+
+#: gitk:7349
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7381
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Origen"
+
+#: gitk:7382
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "De"
+
+#: gitk:7387
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "A"
+
+#: gitk:7410
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Generar parche"
+
+#: gitk:7412
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "De:"
+
+#: gitk:7421
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "Para:"
+
+#: gitk:7430
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Invertir"
+
+#: gitk:7432 gitk:7607
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Escribir a archivo:"
+
+#: gitk:7438
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Generar"
+
+#: gitk:7474
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
+
+#: gitk:7496 gitk:7595 gitk:7649
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:7505
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nombre de etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:7509 gitk:7659
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Crear"
+
+#: gitk:7524
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "No se ha especificado etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:7528
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "La etiqueta \"%s\" ya existe"
+
+#: gitk:7534
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:7604
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Comando:"
+
+#: gitk:7612
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Escribir"
+
+#: gitk:7628
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
+
+#: gitk:7654
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nombre:"
+
+#: gitk:7674
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Especifique un nombre para la nueva rama"
+
+#: gitk:7703
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr "La revisión %s ya está incluida en la rama %s -- ¿Volver a aplicarla?"
+
+#: gitk:7708
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Eligiendo revisiones (cherry-picking)"
+
+#: gitk:7720
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "No se han guardado cambios"
+
+#: gitk:7745
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Confirmar git reset"
+
+#: gitk:7747
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "¿Reponer la rama %s a %s?"
+
+#: gitk:7751
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Tipo de reposición:"
+
+#: gitk:7755
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Suave: No altera la copia de trabajo ni el índice"
+
+#: gitk:7758
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Mixta: Actualiza el índice, no altera la copia de trabajo"
+
+#: gitk:7761
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Dura: Actualiza el índice y la copia de trabajo\n"
+"(abandona TODAS las modificaciones locales)"
+
+#: gitk:7777
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Reponiendo"
+
+#: gitk:7834
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Creando copia de trabajo"
+
+#: gitk:7885
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "No se puede borrar la rama actual"
+
+#: gitk:7891
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Las revisiones de la rama %s no están presentes en otras ramas.\n"
+"¿Borrar la rama %s?"
+
+#: gitk:7922
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Etiquetas y ramas: %s"
+
+#: gitk:7936
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtro"
+
+#: gitk:8230
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Error al leer la topología de revisiones: la información sobre las ramas y "
+"etiquetas precedentes y siguientes será incompleta."
+
+#: gitk:9216
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:9216
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:9262
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Selector de tipografías gitk"
+
+#: gitk:9279
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:9282
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:9375
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferencias de gitk"
+
+#: gitk:9376
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Opciones de visualización de la lista de revisiones"
+
+#: gitk:9379
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Ancho máximo del gráfico (en líneas)"
+
+#: gitk:9383
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Ancho máximo del gráfico (en % del panel)"
+
+#: gitk:9388
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Mostrar cambios locales"
+
+#: gitk:9393
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Seleccionar automáticamente SHA1 hash"
+
+#: gitk:9398
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Opciones de visualización de diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:9400
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Espaciado de tabulador"
+
+#: gitk:9404
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Mostrar etiquetas cercanas"
+
+#: gitk:9409
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limitar las diferencias a las rutas seleccionadas"
+
+#: gitk:9414
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9421
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9423
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9428
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Colores: pulse para seleccionar"
+
+#: gitk:9431
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Fondo"
+
+#: gitk:9435
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Primer plano"
+
+#: gitk:9439
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: líneas viejas"
+
+#: gitk:9444
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: líneas nuevas"
+
+#: gitk:9449
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: cabecera de fragmento"
+
+#: gitk:9455
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Color de fondo de la selección"
+
+#: gitk:9459
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Tipografías: pulse para elegir"
+
+#: gitk:9461
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Tipografía principal"
+
+#: gitk:9462
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Tipografía para diferencias"
+
+#: gitk:9463
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Tipografía para interfaz de usuario"
+
+#: gitk:9488
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: elegir color para %s"
+
+#: gitk:9934
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Esta versión de Tcl/Tk es demasiado antigua.\n"
+" Gitk requiere Tcl/Tk versión 8.4 o superior."
+
+#: gitk:10047
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "No hay un repositorio git aquí."
+
+#: gitk:10051
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "No hay directorio git \"%s\"."
+
+#: gitk:10098
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr ""
+"Argumento ambiguo: '%s' es tanto una revisión como un nombre de archivo"
+
+#: gitk:10110
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Argumentos incorrectos a Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:10170
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Línea de comandos"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/fr.po b/gitk-git/po/fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0e1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1254 @@
+# French translation of the gitk package
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras.  All rights reserved.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Translators:
+# Emmanuel Trillaud <etrillaud@gmail.com>
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-10-05 15:16+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-19 22:13+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Emmanuel Trillaud <etrillaud@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: git@vger.kernel.org\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Poedit-Language: French\n"
+"X-Poedit-Country: FRANCE\n"
+
+#: gitk:113
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Impossible de récupérer la liste des fichiers non fusionnés :"
+
+#: gitk:269
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Erreur lors du parcours des révisions :"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de la commande --argscmd :"
+
+#: gitk:337
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé, mais tous les fichiers sont "
+"fusionnés."
+
+# FIXME : améliorer la traduction de 'file limite'
+#: gitk:340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé mais aucun fichier non fusionné "
+"n'est dans la limite des fichiers."
+
+#: gitk:362 gitk:509
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de git log :"
+
+#: gitk:380 gitk:525
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Lecture en cours"
+
+#: gitk:440 gitk:4123
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Lecture des commits..."
+
+#: gitk:443 gitk:1561 gitk:4126
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Aucun commit sélectionné"
+
+#: gitk:1437
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire la sortie de git log :"
+
+#: gitk:1657
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Aucune information disponible sur le commit"
+
+#: gitk:1793 gitk:1817 gitk:3916 gitk:8786 gitk:10322 gitk:10498
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
+
+#: gitk:1819 gitk:3918 gitk:8383 gitk:8457 gitk:8567 gitk:8616 gitk:8788
+#: gitk:10323 gitk:10499
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Annuler"
+
+#: gitk:1919
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Mise à jour"
+
+#: gitk:1920
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Recharger"
+
+#: gitk:1921
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Relire les références"
+
+#: gitk:1922
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Lister les références"
+
+#: gitk:1924
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Démarrer git gui"
+
+#: gitk:1926
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Quitter"
+
+#: gitk:1918
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Fichier"
+
+#: gitk:1930
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Préférences"
+
+#: gitk:1929
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Éditer"
+
+#: gitk:1934
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Nouvelle vue..."
+
+#: gitk:1935
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Éditer la vue..."
+
+#: gitk:1936
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Supprimer la vue"
+
+#: gitk:1938
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Tous les fichiers"
+
+#: gitk:1933 gitk:3670
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Vue"
+
+#: gitk:1943 gitk:1953 gitk:2654
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "À propos de gitk"
+
+#: gitk:1944 gitk:1958
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Raccourcis clavier"
+
+#: gitk:1942 gitk:1957
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Aide"
+
+#: gitk:2018
+msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+msgstr "ID SHA1 :"
+
+#: gitk:2049
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Colonne"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Recherche"
+
+#: gitk:2081
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "suivant"
+
+#: gitk:2082
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "précédent"
+
+#: gitk:2083
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: gitk:2086 gitk:2088 gitk:4284 gitk:4307 gitk:4331 gitk:6272 gitk:6344
+#: gitk:6428
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "contient :"
+
+#: gitk:2089 gitk:3162 gitk:3167 gitk:4359
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "chemins modifiés :"
+
+#: gitk:2090 gitk:4364
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "ajoute/supprime la chaîne :"
+
+#: gitk:2099 gitk:2101
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exact"
+
+#: gitk:2101 gitk:4439 gitk:6240
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Ignorer la casse"
+
+#: gitk:2101 gitk:4333 gitk:4437 gitk:6236
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Expression régulière"
+
+#: gitk:2103 gitk:2104 gitk:4458 gitk:4488 gitk:4495 gitk:6364 gitk:6432
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Tous les champs"
+
+#: gitk:2104 gitk:4456 gitk:4488 gitk:6303
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Surligner"
+
+#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:6432 gitk:6866
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Commentaires"
+
+#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:4460 gitk:4495 gitk:6303 gitk:6801 gitk:8063
+#: gitk:8078
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Auteur"
+
+#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:6803
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Auteur du commit"
+
+#: gitk:2134
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Rechercher"
+
+#: gitk:2141
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diff"
+
+#: gitk:2143
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Ancienne version"
+
+#: gitk:2145
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Nouvelle version"
+
+#: gitk:2147
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Lignes de contexte"
+
+#: gitk:2157
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignorer les modifications d'espace"
+
+#: gitk:2215
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Patch"
+
+#: gitk:2217
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Arbre"
+
+#: gitk:2361 gitk:2378
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diff entre ceci et la sélection"
+
+#: gitk:2362 gitk:2379
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diff entre sélection et ceci"
+
+#: gitk:2363 gitk:2380
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Créer patch"
+
+#: gitk:2364 gitk:8441
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Créer tag"
+
+#: gitk:2365 gitk:8547
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Écrire le commit dans un fichier"
+
+#: gitk:2366 gitk:8604
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Créer une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: gitk:2367
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Cueillir (cherry-pick) ce commit"
+
+#: gitk:2368
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche HEAD vers cet état"
+
+#: gitk:2369
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Marquer ce commit"
+
+#: gitk:2370
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Retourner à la marque"
+
+#: gitk:2371
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Chercher le descendant de ceci et le marquer"
+
+#: gitk:2372
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Comparer avec le commit marqué"
+
+#: gitk:2386
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Récupérer cette branche"
+
+#: gitk:2387
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Supprimer cette branche"
+
+#: gitk:2394
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Surligner également ceci"
+
+#: gitk:2395
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Surligner seulement ceci"
+
+#: gitk:2396
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Diff externe"
+
+#: gitk:2397
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Blâmer le commit parent"
+
+#: gitk:2404
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Montrer l'origine de cette ligne"
+
+#: gitk:2405
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Exécuter git gui blame sur cette ligne"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - visualisateur de commit pour git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Utilisation et redistribution soumises aux termes de la GNU General Public "
+"License"
+
+#: gitk:2664 gitk:2726 gitk:8969
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Fermer"
+
+#: gitk:2683
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Raccourcis clavier de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2686
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Raccourcis clavier de Gitk :"
+
+#: gitk:2688
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tQuitter"
+
+#: gitk:2689
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Début>\t\tAller au premier commit"
+
+#: gitk:2690
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<Fin>\t\tAller au dernier commit"
+
+#: gitk:2691
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Haut>, p, i\t Aller au commit suivant"
+
+#: gitk:2692
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Bas>, n, k\t Aller au commit précédent"
+
+#: gitk:2693
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Gauche>, z, j\tReculer dans l'historique"
+
+#: gitk:2694
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Droite>, x, l\tAvancer dans l'historique"
+
+#: gitk:2695
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tMonter d'une page dans la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2696
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tDescendre d'une page dans la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2697
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Début>\tAller en haut de la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2698
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tAller en bas de la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2699
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tMonter d'une ligne dans la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2700
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tDescendre d'une ligne dans la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2701
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tMonter d'une page dans la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2702
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tDescendre d'une page dans la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:2703
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Up>\tRecherche en arrière (vers l'avant, commits les plus anciens)"
+
+#: gitk:2704
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Down>\tRecherche en avant (vers l'arrière, commit les plus récents)"
+
+#: gitk:2705
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Supprimer>, b\tMonter d'une page dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2706
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tMonter d'une page dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2707
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Espace>\t\tDescendre d'une page dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2708
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tMonter de 18 lignes dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2709
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tDescendre de 18 lignes dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2710
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tRechercher"
+
+#: gitk:2711
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tAller au résultat de recherche suivant"
+
+#: gitk:2712
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\t\tAller au résultat de recherche suivant"
+
+#: gitk:2713
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tFocus sur la zone de recherche"
+
+#: gitk:2714
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tAller au résultat de recherche précédent"
+
+#: gitk:2715
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tAller au prochain fichier dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2716
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tAller au résultat suivant dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2717
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tAller au résultat précédent dans la vue des diff"
+
+#: gitk:2718
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAugmenter la taille de la police"
+
+#: gitk:2719
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAugmenter la taille de la police"
+
+#: gitk:2720
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuer la taille de la police"
+
+#: gitk:2721
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDiminuer la taille de la police"
+
+#: gitk:2722
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tMise à jour"
+
+#: gitk:3177
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Erreur en obtenant \"%s\" de %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3234 gitk:3243
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la création du répertoire temporaire %s :"
+
+#: gitk:3255
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "échec de la commande :"
+
+#: gitk:3401
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Commit inexistant"
+
+#: gitk:3415
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame : échec de la commande :"
+
+#: gitk:3446
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire le head de la fusion : %s"
+
+#: gitk:3454
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à la lecture de l'index : %s"
+
+#: gitk:3479
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de démarrer git blame : %s"
+
+#: gitk:3482 gitk:6271
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Recherche en cours"
+
+#: gitk:3514
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de git blame : %s"
+
+#: gitk:3542
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Cette ligne est issue du commit %s, qui n'est pas dans cette vue"
+
+#: gitk:3556
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Échec de l'outil externe de visualisation des diff"
+
+#: gitk:3674
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Définition des vues de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3678
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Se souvenir de cette vue"
+
+#: gitk:3679
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Références (liste d'éléments séparés par des espaces) :"
+
+#: gitk:3680
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Branches & tags :"
+
+#: gitk:3681
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Toutes les références"
+
+#: gitk:3682
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Toutes les branches (locales)"
+
+#: gitk:3683
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Tous les tags"
+
+#: gitk:3684
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Toutes les branches de suivi à distance"
+
+#: gitk:3685
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Info sur les commits (expressions régulières) :"
+
+#: gitk:3686
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Auteur :"
+
+#: gitk:3687
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Commiteur :"
+
+#: gitk:3688
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Message de commit :"
+
+#: gitk:3689
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Correspond à tous les critères d'Info sur les commits"
+
+#: gitk:3690
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Changements des fichiers :"
+
+#: gitk:3691
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Chaîne Figée"
+
+#: gitk:3692
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Expression Régulière"
+
+#: gitk:3693
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Recherche de la chaîne :"
+
+#: gitk:3694
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Dates des commits (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, "
+"2009 15:27:38\") :"
+
+#: gitk:3695
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "De :"
+
+#: gitk:3696
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Jusqu'au :"
+
+#: gitk:3697
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Limiter et/ou sauter un certain nombre (entier positif) de révisions :"
+
+#: gitk:3698
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Nombre à afficher :"
+
+#: gitk:3699
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Nombre à sauter :"
+
+#: gitk:3700
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Options diverses :"
+
+#: gitk:3701
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Trier par date"
+
+# FIXME : traduction de "branch sides"
+#: gitk:3702
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Marquer les extrémités des branches"
+
+#: gitk:3703
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limiter au premier ancêtre"
+
+#: gitk:3704
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Historique simple"
+
+#: gitk:3705
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Arguments supplémentaires de git log :"
+
+#: gitk:3706
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Saisir les fichiers et répertoires à inclure, un par ligne :"
+
+#: gitk:3707
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Commande pour générer plus de commits à inclure :"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk : éditer la vue"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- critère pour la sélection des révisions"
+
+#: gitk:3842
+msgid "View Name:"
+msgstr "Nom de la vue :"
+
+#: gitk:3917
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Appliquer (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:3955
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Erreur dans les arguments de sélection des commits :"
+
+#: gitk:4008 gitk:4060 gitk:4508 gitk:4522 gitk:5783 gitk:11196 gitk:11197
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Aucun"
+
+#: gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:8065 gitk:8080
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Date"
+
+#: gitk:4456 gitk:6303
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "CDate"
+
+#: gitk:4605 gitk:4610
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Descendant"
+
+#: gitk:4606
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Pas un descendant"
+
+#: gitk:4613 gitk:4618
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Ancêtre"
+
+#: gitk:4614
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Pas un ancêtre"
+
+#: gitk:4904
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Modifications locales enregistrées dans l'index mais non commitées"
+
+#: gitk:4940
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Modifications locales non enregistrées dans l'index et non commitées"
+
+#: gitk:6621
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "nombreux"
+
+#: gitk:6805
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Tags :"
+
+#: gitk:6822 gitk:6828 gitk:8058
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Parent"
+
+#: gitk:6833
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Enfant"
+
+#: gitk:6842
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Branche"
+
+#: gitk:6845
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Suit"
+
+#: gitk:6848
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Précède"
+
+#: gitk:7346
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la récupération des diff : %s"
+
+#: gitk:7886
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Aller à :"
+
+#: gitk:7888
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 :"
+
+#: gitk:7907
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 court %s est ambigu"
+
+#: gitk:7914
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
+
+#: gitk:7924
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
+
+#: gitk:7926
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "La révision %s n'est pas dans la vue courante"
+
+#: gitk:8068
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Enfants"
+
+#: gitk:8125
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche %s vers cet état"
+
+#: gitk:8127
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Head détaché : impossible de réinitialiser"
+
+#: gitk:8236 gitk:8242
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Éviter le commit de la fusion "
+
+#: gitk:8251 gitk:8256
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Erreur à l'obtention de l'ID du patch pour "
+
+#: gitk:8252 gitk:8257
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - arrêt en cours\n"
+
+#: gitk:8262 gitk:8265 gitk:8273 gitk:8283 gitk:8292
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Commit "
+
+#: gitk:8266
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+"est le même patch que \n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8274
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" diffère de\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8276
+msgid "- stopping\n"
+msgstr "- arrêt en cours\n"
+
+#: gitk:8284 gitk:8293
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr "a %s enfants - arrêt en cours\n"
+
+#: gitk:8324
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Haut"
+
+#: gitk:8325
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "De"
+
+#: gitk:8330
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "À"
+
+#: gitk:8354
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Générer le patch"
+
+#: gitk:8356
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "De :"
+
+#: gitk:8365
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "À :"
+
+#: gitk:8374
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Inverser"
+
+#: gitk:8376 gitk:8561
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Fichier de sortie :"
+
+#: gitk:8382
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Générer"
+
+#: gitk:8420
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Erreur à la création du patch :"
+
+#: gitk:8443 gitk:8549 gitk:8606
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID :"
+
+#: gitk:8452
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nom du Tag :"
+
+#: gitk:8456 gitk:8615
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Créer"
+
+#: gitk:8473
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Aucun nom de tag spécifié"
+
+#: gitk:8477
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Le tag \"%s\" existe déjà"
+
+#: gitk:8483
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Erreur à la création du tag :"
+
+#: gitk:8558
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Commande :"
+
+#: gitk:8566
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Écrire"
+
+#: gitk:8584
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'ecriture du commit :"
+
+#: gitk:8611
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nom :"
+
+#: gitk:8634
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Veuillez spécifier un nom pour la nouvelle branche"
+
+#: gitk:8639
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "La branche '%s' existe déjà. Écraser?"
+
+#: gitk:8705
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Le Commit %s est déjà inclus dans la branche %s -- le ré-appliquer malgré "
+"tout?"
+
+#: gitk:8710
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Cueillir (Cherry-picking)"
+
+#: gitk:8719
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"La cueillette (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause de modifications locales du "
+"fichier '%s'.\n"
+"Veuillez commiter, réinitialiser ou stasher vos changements et essayer de "
+"nouveau."
+
+#: gitk:8725
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La cueillette (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause d'un conflit lors d'une "
+"fusion.\n"
+"Souhaitez-vous exécuter git citool pour le résoudre ?"
+
+#: gitk:8741
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Aucun changement commité"
+
+#: gitk:8767
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Confirmer la réinitialisation"
+
+#: gitk:8769
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche %s à %s?"
+
+#: gitk:8773
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Type de réinitialisation :"
+
+#: gitk:8777
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Douce : Laisse le répertoire de travail et l'index intacts"
+
+#: gitk:8780
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr ""
+"Hybride : Laisse le répertoire de travail dans son état courant, "
+"réinitialise l'index"
+
+#: gitk:8783
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Dure : Réinitialise le répertoire de travail et l'index\n"
+"(abandonne TOUS les changements locaux)"
+
+#: gitk:8800
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Réinitialisation"
+
+# Fixme: Récupération est-il vraiment une mauvaise traduction?
+#: gitk:8857
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Récupération"
+
+#: gitk:8910
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche en cours"
+
+#: gitk:8916
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Les commits de la branche %s ne sont dans aucune autre branche.\n"
+"Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer cette branche %s ?"
+
+#: gitk:8947
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Tags et heads : %s"
+
+#: gitk:8962
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtrer"
+
+#: gitk:9257
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Erreur à la lecture des informations sur la topologie des commits, les "
+"informations sur les branches et les tags précédents/suivants seront "
+"incomplètes."
+
+#: gitk:10243
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Tag"
+
+#: gitk:10243
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:10291
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Sélecteur de police de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10308
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:10311
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:10407
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Préférences de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10409
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Options d'affichage de la liste des commits"
+
+#: gitk:10412
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Longueur maximum du graphe (lignes)"
+
+# FIXME : Traduction standard de "pane"?
+#: gitk:10416
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Longueur maximum du graphe (% du panneau)"
+
+#: gitk:10420
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Montrer les changements locaux"
+
+#: gitk:10423
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Sélection auto. du SHA1"
+
+#: gitk:10427
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Options d'affichage des diff"
+
+#: gitk:10429
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Taille des tabulations"
+
+#: gitk:10432
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Afficher les tags les plus proches"
+
+#: gitk:10435
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Cacher les refs distantes"
+
+#: gitk:10438
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limiter les différences aux chemins listés"
+
+#: gitk:10441
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Support pour un encodage des caractères par fichier"
+
+#: gitk:10447 gitk:10512
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Outil diff externe"
+
+#: gitk:10449
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Choisir..."
+
+#: gitk:10454
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Couleurs : cliquer pour choisir"
+
+#: gitk:10457
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Arrière-plan"
+
+#: gitk:10458 gitk:10488
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "arrière-plan"
+
+#: gitk:10461
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Premier plan"
+
+#: gitk:10462
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "premier plan"
+
+#: gitk:10465
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff : anciennes lignes"
+
+#: gitk:10466
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diff anciennes lignes"
+
+#: gitk:10470
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff : nouvelles lignes"
+
+#: gitk:10471
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "diff nouvelles lignes"
+
+#: gitk:10475
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff : entête du hunk"
+
+#: gitk:10477
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "diff : entête du hunk"
+
+#: gitk:10481
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Arrière-plan de la ligne marquée"
+
+#: gitk:10483
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "Arrière-plan de la ligne marquée"
+
+#: gitk:10487
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Sélectionner l'arrière-plan"
+
+#: gitk:10491
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Polices : cliquer pour choisir"
+
+#: gitk:10493
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Police principale"
+
+#: gitk:10494
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Police d'affichage des diff"
+
+#: gitk:10495
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Police de l'interface utilisateur"
+
+#: gitk:10522
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk : choisir la couleur de %s"
+
+#: gitk:10973
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"Désolé, gitk ne peut être exécuté avec cette version de Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requiert Tcl/Tk version 8.4 ou supérieur."
+
+#: gitk:11101
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver un dépôt git ici."
+
+#: gitk:11105
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver le répertoire git \"%s\"."
+
+#: gitk:11152
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Argument '%s' ambigu : à la fois une révision et un nom de fichier"
+
+#: gitk:11164
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Arguments invalides pour gitk :"
+
+#: gitk:11249
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Ligne de commande"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/hu.po b/gitk-git/po/hu.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1df212e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/hu.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1295 @@
+# Translation of gitk to Hungarian.
+# Copyright (C) 2007 Paul Mackerras.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+#
+# Laszlo Papp <laszlo.papp@arhungary.hu>, 2009.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-14 13:33+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-14 14:04+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Laszlo Papp <djszapi@archlinux.us>\n"
+"Language-Team: Hungarian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:115
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Nem sikerült letölteni az unmerged fájl listát:"
+
+#: gitk:271
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt értelmezés közben:"
+
+#: gitk:326
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a végrehajtáskor --argscmd parancs:"
+
+#: gitk:339
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Nincsen fájl kiválasztva: --merge megadve, de egyetlen fájl sem unmerged."
+
+#: gitk:342
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Nincsen fájl kiválasztva: --merge megadva, de nincsenek unmerged fájlok a "
+"fájlon belül limit."
+
+#: gitk:364 gitk:511
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a git log végrehajtása közben:"
+
+#: gitk:382 gitk:527
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Olvasás"
+
+#: gitk:442 gitk:4258
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Commitok olvasása ..."
+
+#: gitk:445 gitk:1575 gitk:4261
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Nincsen commit kiválasztva"
+
+#: gitk:1451
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Nem lehet értelmezni a git log kimenetét:"
+
+#: gitk:1671
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Nincsen elérhető commit információ"
+
+#: gitk:1813
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1848 gitk:4051 gitk:9029 gitk:10570 gitk:10789
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
+
+#: gitk:1850 gitk:4053 gitk:8629 gitk:8703 gitk:8813 gitk:8862 gitk:9031
+#: gitk:10571 gitk:10790
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Visszavonás"
+
+#: gitk:1972
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Frissités"
+
+#: gitk:1973
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Újratöltés"
+
+#: gitk:1974
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Referenciák újraolvasása"
+
+#: gitk:1975
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Referenciák listázása"
+
+#: gitk:1977
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Git gui indítása"
+
+#: gitk:1979
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Kilépés"
+
+#: gitk:1971
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Fájl"
+
+#: gitk:1983
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Beállítások"
+
+#: gitk:1982
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Szerkesztés"
+
+#: gitk:1987
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Új nézet ..."
+
+#: gitk:1988
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Nézet szerkesztése ..."
+
+#: gitk:1989
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Nézet törlése"
+
+#: gitk:1991
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Minden fájl"
+
+#: gitk:1986 gitk:3805
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Nézet"
+
+#: gitk:1996 gitk:2006 gitk:2777
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Gitk névjegy"
+
+#: gitk:1997 gitk:2011
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Billentyűkombináció"
+
+#: gitk:1995 gitk:2010
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Segítség"
+
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#: gitk:2119
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Sor"
+
+#: gitk:2157
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Keresés"
+
+#: gitk:2158
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "következő"
+
+#: gitk:2159
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "előző"
+
+#: gitk:2160
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: gitk:2163 gitk:2165 gitk:4419 gitk:4442 gitk:4466 gitk:6407 gitk:6479
+#: gitk:6563
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "tartalmazás:"
+
+#: gitk:2166 gitk:3287 gitk:3292 gitk:4494
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "érintendő útvonalak:"
+
+#: gitk:2167 gitk:4499
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "string hozzáadása/törlése:"
+
+#: gitk:2176 gitk:2178
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Pontos"
+
+#: gitk:2178 gitk:4574 gitk:6375
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Kis/nagy betű nem számít"
+
+#: gitk:2178 gitk:4468 gitk:4572 gitk:6371
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Regexp"
+
+#: gitk:2180 gitk:2181 gitk:4593 gitk:4623 gitk:4630 gitk:6499 gitk:6567
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Minden mező"
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4591 gitk:4623 gitk:6438
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Főcím"
+
+#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:6567 gitk:7000
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Megjegyzések"
+
+#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:4595 gitk:4630 gitk:6438 gitk:6935 gitk:8280
+#: gitk:8295
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Szerző"
+
+#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:6937
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Commitoló"
+
+#: gitk:2213
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Keresés"
+
+#: gitk:2221
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diff"
+
+#: gitk:2223
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Régi verzió"
+
+#: gitk:2225
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Új verzió"
+
+#: gitk:2227
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Tartalmi sorok"
+
+#: gitk:2237
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Space váltás mellőzése"
+
+#: gitk:2296
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Patch"
+
+#: gitk:2298
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Tree"
+
+#: gitk:2453 gitk:2470
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diff ezeket -> kiválasztott"
+
+#: gitk:2454 gitk:2471
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diff kiválasztottakat -> ezt"
+
+#: gitk:2455 gitk:2472
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Patch készítése"
+
+#: gitk:2456 gitk:8687
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Tag készítése"
+
+#: gitk:2457 gitk:8793
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Commit fáljba írása"
+
+#: gitk:2458 gitk:8850
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Új branch készítése"
+
+#: gitk:2459
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Cherry-pick erre a commitra"
+
+#: gitk:2460
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "HEAD branch újraindítása ide"
+
+#: gitk:2461
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Ezen commit megjelölése"
+
+#: gitk:2462
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Visszatérés a megjelöléshez"
+
+#: gitk:2463
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Találd meg ezen utódokat és jelöld meg"
+
+#: gitk:2464
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Összehasonlítás a megjelölt commit-tal"
+
+#: gitk:2478
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Check out ezt a branchot"
+
+#: gitk:2479
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Töröld ezt a branch-ot"
+
+#: gitk:2486
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Emeld ki ezt is"
+
+#: gitk:2487
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Csak ezt emeld ki"
+
+#: gitk:2488
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Külső diff"
+
+#: gitk:2489
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Blame szülő kommitra"
+
+#: gitk:2496
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Mutasd meg ennek a sornak az eredetét"
+
+#: gitk:2497
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Futtasd a git gui blame-t ezen a soron"
+
+#: gitk:2779
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - commit nézegető a githez\n"
+"\n"
+"Szerzői jog ©9 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Használd és terjeszd a GNU General Public License feltételei mellett"
+
+#: gitk:2787 gitk:2851 gitk:9215
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Bezárás"
+
+#: gitk:2808
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Gitk-billentyű hozzárendelés"
+
+#: gitk:2811
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Gitk-billentyű hozzaárendelés:"
+
+#: gitk:2813
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tKilépés"
+
+#: gitk:2814
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Pos1>\t\tElső commithoz"
+
+#: gitk:2815
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<Ende>\t\tUtolsó commithoz"
+
+#: gitk:2816
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Hoch>, p, i\tEgy committal feljebb"
+
+#: gitk:2817
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Runter>, n, k\tEgy committal lejjebb"
+
+#: gitk:2818
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Links>, z, j\tVissza a history listába"
+
+#: gitk:2819
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Rechts>, x, l\tElőre a history listába"
+
+#: gitk:2820
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<BildHoch>\tEgy lappal feljebb a commit listába"
+
+#: gitk:2821
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<BildRunter>\tEgy lappal lejjebb a commit listába"
+
+#: gitk:2822
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Pos1>\tGörgetés a commit lista tetejéhez"
+
+#: gitk:2823
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Ende>\tGörgetés a commit lista aljához"
+
+#: gitk:2824
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Hoch>\tEgy sorral feljebb görgetés a commit listában"
+
+#: gitk:2825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Runter>\tEgy sorral lejjebb görgetés a commit listában"
+
+#: gitk:2826
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-BildHoch>\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a commit listában"
+
+#: gitk:2827
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-BildRunter>\tEgy sorral lejjebb görgetés a commit listában"
+
+#: gitk:2828
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Umschalt-Hoch>\tKeresés visszafele (felfele, utolsó commitok)"
+
+#: gitk:2829
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Umschalt-Runter>\tKeresés előre (lefelé; korábbi commitok)"
+
+#: gitk:2830
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Entf>, b\t\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2831
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Löschtaste>\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2832
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Leertaste>\tEgy lappal lejjebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2833
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\t18 sorral felfelé görgetés diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2834
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\t18 sorral lejjebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2835
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tKeresés"
+
+#: gitk:2836
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tKövetkező találathoz"
+
+#: gitk:2837
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Eingabetaste>\tKövetkező találathoz"
+
+#: gitk:2838
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tLépj a keresési mezőre"
+
+#: gitk:2839
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tElőző találathoz"
+
+#: gitk:2840
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tKövetkező fájlra görgetés diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2841
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tKövetkező találatra keresés diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2842
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tElőző találatra keresés diff nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:2843
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Nummerblock-Plus>\tBetűméret növelése"
+
+#: gitk:2844
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Plus>\tBetűméret növelése"
+
+#: gitk:2845
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Nummernblock-Minus> Betűméret csökkentése"
+
+#: gitk:2846
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Minus>\tBetűméret csökkentése"
+
+#: gitk:2847
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tFrissítés"
+
+#: gitk:3302 gitk:3311
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt az ideiglenes könyvtár létrehozása közben %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3324
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt \"%s\" letöltése közben %s-ről:"
+
+#: gitk:3387
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "parancs hiba:"
+
+#: gitk:3536
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Nincs ilyen commit"
+
+#: gitk:3550
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: parancs hiba:"
+
+#: gitk:3581
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Nem sikerült a Merge head olvasása: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3589
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Hiba történt az index olvasása közben: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3614
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Nem sikerült a git blame indítása: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3617 gitk:6406
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Keresés"
+
+#: gitk:3649
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a git blame futtatása közben: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3677
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+"A %s commitból származik az a sor, amelyik nem található ebben a nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:3691
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Külső diff nézegető hiba:"
+
+#: gitk:3809
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Gitk nézet meghatározása"
+
+#: gitk:3813
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Maradj ennél a nézetnél"
+
+#: gitk:3814
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Referenciák (szóközzel tagolt lista"
+
+#: gitk:3815
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Branch-ek & tagek:"
+
+#: gitk:3816
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Minden ref"
+
+#: gitk:3817
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Minden (helyi) branch"
+
+#: gitk:3818
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Minden tag"
+
+#: gitk:3819
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Minden távoli követő branch"
+
+#: gitk:3820
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Commit Infó (reguláris kifejezés):"
+
+#: gitk:3821
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Szerző:"
+
+#: gitk:3822
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Commitoló:"
+
+#: gitk:3823
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Commit üzenet:"
+
+#: gitk:3824
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Egyezik minen Commit Infó feltétellel"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Fájl változások:"
+
+#: gitk:3826
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Fix String"
+
+#: gitk:3827
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Reguláris kifejezés"
+
+#: gitk:3828
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Keresés szöveg:"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Commit Dátumok (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:3830
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Ettől:"
+
+#: gitk:3831
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Eddig:"
+
+#: gitk:3832
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Limitálva és/vagy kihagyva egy adott számú revíziót (pozitív egész):"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Mutatandó szám:"
+
+#: gitk:3834
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Kihagyandó szám:"
+
+#: gitk:3835
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Különféle opciók:"
+
+#: gitk:3836
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Szigorú rendezás dátum alapján"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Jelölje meg az ágakat"
+
+#: gitk:3838
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Korlátozás az első szülőre"
+
+#: gitk:3839
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Egyszerű history"
+
+#: gitk:3840
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "További argumentok a git log-hoz:"
+
+#: gitk:3841
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Fájlok és könyvtárak bejegyzése amiket tartalmaz, soronként:"
+
+#: gitk:3842
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Parancs több tartalmazó commit generálására:"
+
+#: gitk:3964
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: szerkesztés nézet"
+
+#: gitk:3972
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- kritériumok a revíziók kiválasztásához"
+
+#: gitk:3977
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Nézet neve"
+
+#: gitk:4052
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Alkalmaz (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4090
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a commit argumentumok kiválasztása közben:"
+
+#: gitk:4143 gitk:4195 gitk:4643 gitk:4657 gitk:5918 gitk:11519 gitk:11520
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Keine"
+
+#: gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:8282 gitk:8297
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Dátum"
+
+#: gitk:4591 gitk:6438
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "Dátum"
+
+#: gitk:4740 gitk:4745
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Leszármazott"
+
+#: gitk:4741
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Nem leszármazott"
+
+#: gitk:4748 gitk:4753
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Előd"
+
+#: gitk:4749
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Nem előd"
+
+#: gitk:5039
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr ""
+"Lokális változtatások, melyek be vannak téve az indexbe, de még nincsenek "
+"commitolva"
+
+#: gitk:5075
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Lokális nem commitolt változások, nincsenek betéve az indexbe"
+
+#: gitk:6756
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "sok"
+
+#: gitk:6939
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Tagek:"
+
+#: gitk:6956 gitk:6962 gitk:8275
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Eltern"
+
+#: gitk:6967
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Gyerek"
+
+#: gitk:6976
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Ág"
+
+#: gitk:6979
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Következők"
+
+#: gitk:6982
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Megelőzők"
+
+#: gitk:7519
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a diff-ek letöltése közben: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8103
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Menj:"
+
+#: gitk:8105
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8124
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Rövid SHA1 id %s félreérthető"
+
+#: gitk:8131
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "A(z) %s revízió nem ismert"
+
+#: gitk:8141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "SHA1 id %s nem ismert"
+
+#: gitk:8143
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "A(z) %s revízió nincs a jelenlegi nézetben"
+
+#: gitk:8285
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Gyerekek"
+
+#: gitk:8343
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Állítsd vissza a %s branch-ot ide"
+
+#: gitk:8345
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Elkülönített head: nem lehet visszaállítani"
+
+#: gitk:8454 gitk:8460
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Merge commit kihagyása "
+
+#: gitk:8469 gitk:8474
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Hiba történt a patch ID megszerzése közben a következőnél "
+
+#: gitk:8470 gitk:8475
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - abbahagyás\n"
+
+#: gitk:8480 gitk:8483 gitk:8491 gitk:8505 gitk:8514
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Commit "
+
+#: gitk:8484
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" Ugyanaz a patch mint\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8492
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" különbözik innentől\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8494
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"A commitok diffje:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:8506 gitk:8515
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " %s gyereke van. abbahagyás\n"
+
+#: gitk:8534
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a commit fájlba írása közben: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8540
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a commitok diffelése közben: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8570
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Teteje"
+
+#: gitk:8571
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Innen"
+
+#: gitk:8576
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "Ide"
+
+#: gitk:8600
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Patch generálása"
+
+#: gitk:8602
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Innen:"
+
+#: gitk:8611
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "Ide:"
+
+#: gitk:8620
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Visszafele"
+
+#: gitk:8622 gitk:8807
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Kimeneti fájl:"
+
+#: gitk:8628
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Generálás"
+
+#: gitk:8666
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Hiba törtét a patch készítése közben:"
+
+#: gitk:8689 gitk:8795 gitk:8852
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8698
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Tag név:"
+
+#: gitk:8702 gitk:8861
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Létrehozás"
+
+#: gitk:8719
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "A tag neve nincsen megadva"
+
+#: gitk:8723
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "%s Tag már létezik"
+
+#: gitk:8729
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a tag létrehozása közben:"
+
+#: gitk:8804
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Parancs:"
+
+#: gitk:8812
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Írás"
+
+#: gitk:8830
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Hiba történt a commit írása közben:"
+
+#: gitk:8857
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Név:"
+
+#: gitk:8880
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Kérem adja meg a nevét az új branchhoz"
+
+#: gitk:8885
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "%s branch már létezik. Felülírja?"
+
+#: gitk:8951
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"%s commit már benne van a %s branchban -- biztos hogy újra csinálja ?"
+"eintragen?"
+
+#: gitk:8956
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Cherry-picking"
+
+#: gitk:8965
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick hiba történt lokális váltotások miatt a '%s' fájlban.\n"
+"Kérem commitolja, indítsa újra vagy rejtse el a változtatásait és próbálja "
+"újra."
+
+#: gitk:8971
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick hiba történt merge konfliktus miatt.\n"
+"Kívánja futtatni a git citool-t a probléma megoldásához?"
+
+#: gitk:8987
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Nincsen változás commitolva"
+
+#: gitk:9013
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Újraindítás megerősítése"
+
+#: gitk:9015
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Újraindítja a %s branchot %s-ig?"
+
+#: gitk:9017
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Újraindítás típusa:"
+
+#: gitk:9020
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Soft: Hagyd a working tree-t és az indexet érintetlenül"
+
+#: gitk:9023
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Kevert: Hagyd a working tree-t érintetlenül, töröld az indexet"
+
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: Indítsd újra a working tree-t és az indexet\n"
+"(MINDEN lokális változás eldobása)"
+
+#: gitk:9043
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Újraindítás"
+
+#: gitk:9103
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Kivesz"
+
+#: gitk:9156
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Nem lehet a jelenleg kivett branch-ot törölni"
+
+#: gitk:9162
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"A %s branchon található commit nem található meg semelyik másik branchon.\n"
+"Tényleg törli a %s branchot?"
+
+#: gitk:9193
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Tagek és headek: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9208
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Szűrő"
+
+#: gitk:9503
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Hiba történt a commit topológiai információ olvasása közben; branch ésa "
+"megelőző/következő információ nem lesz teljes."
+
+#: gitk:10489
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Tag"
+
+#: gitk:10489
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:10539
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Gitk-betű kiválasztó"
+
+#: gitk:10556
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "F"
+
+#: gitk:10559
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "K"
+
+#: gitk:10677
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk beállítások"
+
+#: gitk:10679
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Commit lista kijelzési opciók"
+
+#: gitk:10682
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Maximális grafikon szélesség (sorok)"
+
+#: gitk:10685
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Maximális grafikon szélesség (táble %-je)"
+
+#: gitk:10688
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Mutasd a lokális változtatásokat"
+
+#: gitk:10691
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "SHA1 Automatikus kiválasztása"
+
+#: gitk:10694
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "A távoli refek elrejtése"
+
+#: gitk:10698
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Diff kijelző opciók"
+
+#: gitk:10700
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Tab sorköz"
+
+#: gitk:10703
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Szomszédos tagek kijelzése"
+
+#: gitk:10706
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Korlátozott diffek a kilistázott útvonalakhoz"
+
+#: gitk:10709
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Fájlonkénti kódolás támgatása"
+
+#: gitk:10715 gitk:10804
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Külső diff alkalmazás"
+
+#: gitk:10716
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Válaszd ..."
+
+#: gitk:10721
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Általános opciók"
+
+#: gitk:10724
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Témázott vezérlők használata"
+
+#: gitk:10726
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(a változás újraindítást igényel)"
+
+#: gitk:10728
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(jelenleg nem elérhető)"
+
+#: gitk:10732
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Színek: nyomja meg a kiválasztáshoz"
+
+#: gitk:10735
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Interfész"
+
+#: gitk:10736
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "interfész"
+
+#: gitk:10739
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Háttér"
+
+#: gitk:10740 gitk:10770
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "háttér"
+
+#: gitk:10743
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Előtér"
+
+#: gitk:10744
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "előtér"
+
+#: gitk:10747
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: régi sorok"
+
+#: gitk:10748
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diff régi sorok"
+
+#: gitk:10752
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: új sorok"
+
+#: gitk:10753
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "diff - új sorok"
+
+#: gitk:10757
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: nagy headerök"
+
+#: gitk:10759
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "diff - nagy headerök"
+
+#: gitk:10763
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Megjelölt sor háttér"
+
+#: gitk:10765
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "megjelölt sor háttér"
+
+#: gitk:10769
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Válasszon hátteret"
+
+#: gitk:10773
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Betű: nyomja meg a kiválasztáshoz"
+
+#: gitk:10775
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Fő betű"
+
+#: gitk:10776
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Diff kijelző betű"
+
+#: gitk:10777
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Felhasználói interfész betű"
+
+#: gitk:10814
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: válasszon színt a %s-ra"
+
+#: gitk:11418
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Nem találhatü git repository itt."
+
+#: gitk:11422
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Nem található a \"%s\" könyvtár."
+
+#: gitk:11469
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Félreérthető argumentum '%s': revízió és fájlnév is"
+
+#: gitk:11481
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Rossz gitk argumentumok:"
+
+#: gitk:11572
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Parancs sor"
+
+#~ msgid "Use all refs"
+#~ msgstr "Használd az összes referenciát"
+
+#~ msgid "Max count:"
+#~ msgstr "Max. szám:"
+
+#~ msgid "Skip:"
+#~ msgstr "Kihagy:"
+
+#~ msgid "Name"
+#~ msgstr "Név"
+
+#~ msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+#~ msgstr "Tag/Head %s nem ismert"
+
+#~ msgid "- stopping\n"
+#~ msgstr "- abbahagyás.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sajnáljuk, de a gitk nem futtatható ezzel a Tcl/Tk verzióval.\n"
+#~ "Gitk futtatásához legalább Tcl/Tk 8.4 szükséges."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/it.po b/gitk-git/po/it.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4818652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/it.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1276 @@
+# Translation of gitk
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>, 2008.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-28 18:40+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-28 18:41+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Italian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:115
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Impossibile ottenere l'elenco dei file in attesa di fusione:"
+
+#: gitk:274
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle revisioni:"
+
+#: gitk:329
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione del comando specificato con --argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:342
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma non ci "
+"sono file in attesa di fusione."
+
+#: gitk:345
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma i file "
+"specificati non sono in attesa di fusione."
+
+#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git log:"
+
+#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Lettura in corso"
+
+#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Lettura delle revisioni in corso..."
+
+#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Nessuna revisione selezionata"
+
+#: gitk:1454
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Impossibile elaborare i dati di git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1674
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Nessuna informazione disponibile sulle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:1816
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
+
+#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
+#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Annulla"
+
+#: gitk:1975
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Aggiorna"
+
+#: gitk:1976
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Ricarica"
+
+#: gitk:1977
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Rileggi riferimenti"
+
+#: gitk:1978
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Elenca riferimenti"
+
+#: gitk:1980
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Avvia git gui"
+
+#: gitk:1982
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Esci"
+
+#: gitk:1974
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "File"
+
+#: gitk:1986
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Preferenze"
+
+#: gitk:1985
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Modifica"
+
+#: gitk:1990
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Nuova vista..."
+
+#: gitk:1991
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Modifica vista..."
+
+#: gitk:1992
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Elimina vista"
+
+#: gitk:1994
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Tutti i file"
+
+#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Informazioni su gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera"
+
+#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Aiuto"
+
+#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:2122
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Riga"
+
+#: gitk:2160
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Trova"
+
+#: gitk:2161
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "succ"
+
+#: gitk:2162
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "prec"
+
+#: gitk:2163
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
+#: gitk:6566
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "contenente:"
+
+#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "che riguarda i percorsi:"
+
+#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "che aggiunge/rimuove la stringa:"
+
+#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Esatto"
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Tutti i campi"
+
+#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Titolo"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Commenti"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
+#: gitk:8300
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autore"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Revisione creata da"
+
+#: gitk:2216
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Cerca"
+
+#: gitk:2224
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2226
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Vecchia versione"
+
+#: gitk:2228
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Nuova versione"
+
+#: gitk:2230
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Linee di contesto"
+
+#: gitk:2240
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignora modifiche agli spazi"
+
+#: gitk:2299
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Modifiche"
+
+#: gitk:2301
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Directory"
+
+#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diff questo -> selezionato"
+
+#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diff selezionato -> questo"
+
+#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Crea patch"
+
+#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Crea etichetta"
+
+#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Scrivi revisione in un file"
+
+#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Crea un nuovo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:2462
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Porta questa revisione in cima al ramo attuale"
+
+#: gitk:2463
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo HEAD a questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2464
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Segna questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2465
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Torna alla revisione segnata"
+
+#: gitk:2466
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Trova il discendente di questa revisione e di quella segnata"
+
+#: gitk:2467
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Confronta con la revisione segnata"
+
+#: gitk:2481
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Attiva questo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:2482
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Elimina questo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:2489
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Evidenzia anche questo"
+
+#: gitk:2490
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Evidenzia solo questo"
+
+#: gitk:2491
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Visualizza differenze in un altro programma"
+
+#: gitk:2492
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Annota la revisione precedente"
+
+#: gitk:2499
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Mostra la provenienza di questa riga"
+
+#: gitk:2500
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Esegui git gui blame su questa riga"
+
+#: gitk:2782
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - un visualizzatore di revisioni per git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Utilizzo e redistribuzione permessi sotto i termini della GNU General Public "
+"License"
+
+#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Chiudi"
+
+#: gitk:2811
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2814
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:2816
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tEsci"
+
+#: gitk:2817
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tVai alla prima revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2818
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tVai all'ultima revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2819
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Su>, p, i\tVai più in alto di una revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2820
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Giù>, n, k\tVai più in basso di una revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2821
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Sinistra>, z, j\tTorna indietro nella cronologia"
+
+#: gitk:2822
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Destra>, x, l\tVai avanti nella cronologia"
+
+#: gitk:2823
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PaginaSu>\tVai più in alto di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:2824
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr ""
+"<PaginaGiù>\tVai più in basso di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:2825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tScorri alla cima della lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:2826
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tScorri alla fine della lista delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:2827
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Su>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una riga"
+
+#: gitk:2828
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Giù>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una riga"
+
+#: gitk:2829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PaginaSu>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:2830
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PaginaGiù>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:2831
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Su>\tTrova all'indietro (verso l'alto, revisioni successive)"
+
+#: gitk:2832
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Giù>\tTrova in avanti (verso il basso, revisioni precedenti)"
+
+#: gitk:2833
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:2834
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:2835
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Spazio>\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di una pagina"
+
+#: gitk:2836
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di 18 linee"
+
+#: gitk:2837
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di 18 linee"
+
+#: gitk:2838
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTrova"
+
+#: gitk:2839
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tTrova in avanti"
+
+#: gitk:2840
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Invio>\tTrova in avanti"
+
+#: gitk:2841
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tCursore nel box di ricerca"
+
+#: gitk:2842
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tTrova all'indietro"
+
+#: gitk:2843
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze al file successivo"
+
+#: gitk:2844
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tCerca in avanti nella vista delle differenze"
+
+#: gitk:2845
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tCerca all'indietro nella vista delle differenze"
+
+#: gitk:2846
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumenta dimensione carattere"
+
+#: gitk:2847
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-più>\tAumenta dimensione carattere"
+
+#: gitk:2848
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuisci dimensione carattere"
+
+#: gitk:2849
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-meno>\tDiminuisci dimensione carattere"
+
+#: gitk:2850
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tAggiorna"
+
+#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Errore durante la creazione della directory temporanea %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3327
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Errore nella lettura di \"%s\" da %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3390
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire il comando:"
+
+#: gitk:3539
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Revisione inesistente"
+
+#: gitk:3553
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: impossibile eseguire il comando:"
+
+#: gitk:3584
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Impossibile leggere merge head: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3592
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Errore nella lettura dell'indice: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3617
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Ricerca in corso"
+
+#: gitk:3652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3680
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Quella riga proviene dalla revisione %s, non presente in questa vista"
+
+#: gitk:3694
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il visualizzatore di differenze:"
+
+#: gitk:3812
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Scelta vista Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3816
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Ricorda questa vista"
+
+#: gitk:3817
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Riferimenti (lista di elementi separati da spazi)"
+
+#: gitk:3818
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Rami ed etichette"
+
+#: gitk:3819
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Tutti i riferimenti"
+
+#: gitk:3820
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Tutti i rami (locali)"
+
+#: gitk:3821
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Tutte le etichette"
+
+#: gitk:3822
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Tutti i rami remoti"
+
+#: gitk:3823
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Informazioni sulla revisione (espressioni regolari):"
+
+#: gitk:3824
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autore:"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Revisione creata da:"
+
+#: gitk:3826
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Messaggio di revisione:"
+
+#: gitk:3827
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Risponde a tutti i criteri di ricerca sulle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:3828
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Modifiche ai file:"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Stringa fissa"
+
+#: gitk:3830
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Espressione regolare"
+
+#: gitk:3831
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Cerca stringa:"
+
+#: gitk:3832
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Date di revisione (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, "
+"2009 15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Da:"
+
+#: gitk:3834
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "A:"
+
+#: gitk:3835
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Limita e/o salta N revisioni (intero positivo):"
+
+#: gitk:3836
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Numero di revisioni da mostrare:"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Numero di revisioni da saltare:"
+
+#: gitk:3838
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Altre opzioni:"
+
+#: gitk:3839
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Ordina solo per data"
+
+#: gitk:3840
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Segna i lati del ramo"
+
+#: gitk:3841
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limita al primo genitore"
+
+#: gitk:3842
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Cronologia semplificata"
+
+#: gitk:3843
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Ulteriori argomenti da passare a git log:"
+
+#: gitk:3844
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Inserire file e directory da includere, uno per riga:"
+
+#: gitk:3845
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Comando che genera altre revisioni da visualizzare:"
+
+#: gitk:3967
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: modifica vista"
+
+#: gitk:3975
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- criteri per la scelta delle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:3980
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Nome vista"
+
+#: gitk:4055
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Applica (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Errore negli argomenti di selezione delle revisioni:"
+
+#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Nessuno"
+
+#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Discendente"
+
+#: gitk:4744
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Non discendente"
+
+#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Ascendente"
+
+#: gitk:4752
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Non ascendente"
+
+#: gitk:5042
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Modifiche locali presenti nell'indice ma non nell'archivio"
+
+#: gitk:5078
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Modifiche locali non presenti né nell'archivio né nell'indice"
+
+#: gitk:6759
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "molti"
+
+#: gitk:6942
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Etichette:"
+
+#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Genitore"
+
+#: gitk:6970
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Figlio"
+
+#: gitk:6979
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Ramo"
+
+#: gitk:6982
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Segue"
+
+#: gitk:6985
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Precede"
+
+#: gitk:7522
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle differenze:"
+
+#: gitk:8108
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Vai a:"
+
+#: gitk:8129
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "La SHA1 id abbreviata %s è ambigua"
+
+#: gitk:8136
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "La revisione %s è sconosciuta"
+
+#: gitk:8146
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "La SHA1 id %s è sconosciuta"
+
+#: gitk:8148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "La revisione %s non è presente nella vista attuale"
+
+#: gitk:8290
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Figli"
+
+#: gitk:8348
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo %s a questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:8350
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Nessun ramo attivo: reset impossibile"
+
+#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Salto la revisione di fusione "
+
+#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Errore nella identificazione della patch per "
+
+#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - fine\n"
+
+#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "La revisione "
+
+#: gitk:8489
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" ha le stesse differenze di\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8497
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" è diversa da\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8499
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Differenze tra le revisioni:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " ha %s figli - fine\n"
+
+#: gitk:8539
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione nel file: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8545
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Errore nelle differenze tra le revisioni: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8575
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Inizio"
+
+#: gitk:8576
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Da"
+
+#: gitk:8581
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "A"
+
+#: gitk:8605
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Genera patch"
+
+#: gitk:8607
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Da:"
+
+#: gitk:8616
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "A:"
+
+#: gitk:8625
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Inverti"
+
+#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Scrivi sul file:"
+
+#: gitk:8633
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Genera"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Errore nella creazione della patch:"
+
+#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8703
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nome etichetta:"
+
+#: gitk:8706
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Il messaggio dell'etichetta è opzionale"
+
+#: gitk:8708
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Messaggio dell'etichetta:"
+
+#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Crea"
+
+#: gitk:8730
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Nessuna etichetta specificata"
+
+#: gitk:8734
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "L'etichetta \"%s\" esiste già"
+
+#: gitk:8744
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Errore nella creazione dell'etichetta:"
+
+#: gitk:8819
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Comando:"
+
+#: gitk:8827
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Scrivi"
+
+#: gitk:8845
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione:"
+
+#: gitk:8872
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nome:"
+
+#: gitk:8895
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Specificare un nome per il nuovo ramo"
+
+#: gitk:8900
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Il ramo '%s' esiste già. Sovrascrivere?"
+
+#: gitk:8966
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr "La revisione %s è già inclusa nel ramo %s -- applicarla di nuovo?"
+
+#: gitk:8971
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:8980
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick perché il file '%s' è stato modificato "
+"nella directory di lavoro.\n"
+"Prima di riprovare, bisogna creare una nuova revisione, annullare le "
+"modifiche o usare 'git stash'."
+
+#: gitk:8986
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick a causa di un conflitto nella fusione.\n"
+"Vuoi avviare git citool per risolverlo?"
+
+#: gitk:9002
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica archiviata"
+
+#: gitk:9028
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Conferma git reset"
+
+#: gitk:9030
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Aggiornare il ramo %s a %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9032
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Tipo di aggiornamento:"
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Soft: Lascia la direcory di lavoro e l'indice come sono"
+
+#: gitk:9038
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Mixed: Lascia la directory di lavoro come è, aggiorna l'indice"
+
+#: gitk:9041
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: Aggiorna la directory di lavoro e l'indice\n"
+"(abbandona TUTTE le modifiche locali)"
+
+#: gitk:9058
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "git reset in corso"
+
+#: gitk:9118
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Attivazione in corso"
+
+#: gitk:9171
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Impossibile cancellare il ramo attualmente attivo"
+
+#: gitk:9177
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Le revisioni nel ramo %s non sono presenti su altri rami.\n"
+"Cancellare il ramo %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9208
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Etichette e rami: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9223
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtro"
+
+#: gitk:9518
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Errore nella lettura della topologia delle revisioni: le informazioni sul "
+"ramo e le etichette precedenti e seguenti saranno incomplete."
+
+#: gitk:10504
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Etichetta"
+
+#: gitk:10504
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:10554
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Scelta caratteri gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10571
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:10574
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:10692
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferenze gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10694
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Opzioni visualizzazione dell'elenco revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:10697
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (in linee)"
+
+#: gitk:10700
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (% del pannello)"
+
+#: gitk:10703
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Mostra modifiche locali"
+
+#: gitk:10706
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Seleziona automaticamente SHA1 hash"
+
+#: gitk:10709
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Nascondi i riferimenti remoti"
+
+#: gitk:10713
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Opzioni di visualizzazione delle differenze"
+
+#: gitk:10715
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Spaziatura tabulazioni"
+
+#: gitk:10718
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Mostra etichette vicine"
+
+#: gitk:10721
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limita le differenze ai percorsi elencati"
+
+#: gitk:10724
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Attiva codifica file per file"
+
+#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Visualizzatore di differenze"
+
+#: gitk:10731
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Scegli..."
+
+#: gitk:10736
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opzioni generali"
+
+#: gitk:10739
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Utilizza interfaccia a tema"
+
+#: gitk:10741
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(una modifica richiede il riavvio)"
+
+#: gitk:10743
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(momentaneamente non disponibile)"
+
+#: gitk:10747
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Colori: premere per scegliere"
+
+#: gitk:10750
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Interfaccia"
+
+#: gitk:10751
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "interfaccia"
+
+#: gitk:10754
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Sfondo"
+
+#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "sfondo"
+
+#: gitk:10758
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Primo piano"
+
+#: gitk:10759
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "primo piano"
+
+#: gitk:10762
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: vecchie linee"
+
+#: gitk:10763
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "vecchie linee"
+
+#: gitk:10767
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: nuove linee"
+
+#: gitk:10768
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "nuove linee"
+
+#: gitk:10772
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: intestazione della sezione"
+
+#: gitk:10774
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "intestazione della sezione"
+
+#: gitk:10778
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Sfondo riga selezionata"
+
+#: gitk:10780
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "sfondo riga selezionata"
+
+#: gitk:10784
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Sfondo"
+
+#: gitk:10788
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Carattere: premere per scegliere"
+
+#: gitk:10790
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Carattere principale"
+
+#: gitk:10791
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Carattere per differenze"
+
+#: gitk:10792
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Carattere per interfaccia utente"
+
+#: gitk:10829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: scegliere un colore per %s"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Archivio git non trovato."
+
+#: gitk:11437
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Directory git \"%s\" non trovata."
+
+#: gitk:11484
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Argomento ambiguo: '%s' è sia revisione che nome di file"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Gitk: argomenti errati:"
+
+#: gitk:11587
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Linea di comando"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ja.po b/gitk-git/po/ja.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0c92ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ja.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1255 @@
+# Japanese translations for gitk package.
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+#
+# Mizar <mizar.jp@gmail.com>, 2009.
+# Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, 2009.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-04 00:08+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-06 01:45+0900\n"
+"Last-Translator: Mizar <mizar.jp@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Japanese\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+
+#: gitk:113
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "マージされていないファイルのリストを取得できません:"
+
+#: gitk:269
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "リビジョン解析エラー:"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "--argscmd コマンド実行エラー:"
+
+#: gitk:337
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"ファイル未選択: --merge が指定されましたが、マージされていないファイルはあり"
+"ません。"
+
+#: gitk:340
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"ファイル未選択: --merge が指定されましたが、ファイル制限内にマージされていな"
+"いファイルはありません。"
+
+#: gitk:362 gitk:509
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "git log 実行エラー:"
+
+#: gitk:380 gitk:525
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "読み込み中"
+
+#: gitk:440 gitk:4132
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "コミット読み込み中..."
+
+#: gitk:443 gitk:1561 gitk:4135
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "コミットが選択されていません"
+
+#: gitk:1437
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "git log の出力を解析できません:"
+
+#: gitk:1657
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "有効なコミットの情報がありません"
+
+#: gitk:1790
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1817 gitk:3925 gitk:8842 gitk:10378 gitk:10558
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
+
+#: gitk:1819 gitk:3927 gitk:8439 gitk:8513 gitk:8623 gitk:8672 gitk:8844
+#: gitk:10379 gitk:10559
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "キャンセル"
+
+#: gitk:1919
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "更新"
+
+#: gitk:1920
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "リロード"
+
+#: gitk:1921
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "リファレンスを再読み込み"
+
+#: gitk:1922
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "リファレンスリストを表示"
+
+#: gitk:1924
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "git gui の開始"
+
+#: gitk:1926
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "終了"
+
+#: gitk:1918
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "ファイル"
+
+#: gitk:1930
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "設定"
+
+#: gitk:1929
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "編集"
+
+#: gitk:1934
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "新規ビュー..."
+
+#: gitk:1935
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "ビュー編集..."
+
+#: gitk:1936
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "ビュー削除"
+
+#: gitk:1938
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "全てのファイル"
+
+#: gitk:1933 gitk:3679
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "ビュー"
+
+#: gitk:1943 gitk:1953 gitk:2656
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "gitk について"
+
+#: gitk:1944 gitk:1958
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "キーバインディング"
+
+#: gitk:1942 gitk:1957
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "ヘルプ"
+
+#: gitk:2018
+msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#: gitk:2049
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "行"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "検索"
+
+#: gitk:2081
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "次"
+
+#: gitk:2082
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "前"
+
+#: gitk:2083
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "コミット"
+
+#: gitk:2086 gitk:2088 gitk:4293 gitk:4316 gitk:4340 gitk:6281 gitk:6353
+#: gitk:6437
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "含む:"
+
+#: gitk:2089 gitk:3164 gitk:3169 gitk:4368
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "パスの一部:"
+
+#: gitk:2090 gitk:4373
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "追加/除去する文字列:"
+
+#: gitk:2099 gitk:2101
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "英字の大小を区別する"
+
+#: gitk:2101 gitk:4448 gitk:6249
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "英字の大小を区別しない"
+
+#: gitk:2101 gitk:4342 gitk:4446 gitk:6245
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "正規表現"
+
+#: gitk:2103 gitk:2104 gitk:4467 gitk:4497 gitk:4504 gitk:6373 gitk:6441
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "全ての項目"
+
+#: gitk:2104 gitk:4465 gitk:4497 gitk:6312
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "ヘッドライン"
+
+#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:6441 gitk:6875
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "コメント"
+
+#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:4469 gitk:4504 gitk:6312 gitk:6810 gitk:8091
+#: gitk:8106
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "作者"
+
+#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:6812
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "コミット者"
+
+#: gitk:2134
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "検索"
+
+#: gitk:2141
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diff"
+
+#: gitk:2143
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "旧バージョン"
+
+#: gitk:2145
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "新バージョン"
+
+#: gitk:2147
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "文脈行数"
+
+#: gitk:2157
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "空白の違いを無視"
+
+#: gitk:2215
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "パッチ"
+
+#: gitk:2217
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "ツリー"
+
+#: gitk:2361 gitk:2378
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "これと選択したコミットのdiffを見る"
+
+#: gitk:2362 gitk:2379
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "選択したコミットとこれのdiffを見る"
+
+#: gitk:2363 gitk:2380
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "パッチ作成"
+
+#: gitk:2364 gitk:8497
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "タグ生成"
+
+#: gitk:2365 gitk:8603
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "コミットをファイルに書き出す"
+
+#: gitk:2366 gitk:8660
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "新規ブランチ生成"
+
+#: gitk:2367
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "このコミットをチェリーピックする"
+
+#: gitk:2368
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "ブランチのHEADをここにリセットする"
+
+#: gitk:2369
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "このコミットにマークをつける"
+
+#: gitk:2370
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "マークを付けた所に戻る"
+
+#: gitk:2371
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "これとマークをつけた所との子孫を見つける"
+
+#: gitk:2372
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "マークを付けたコミットと比較する"
+
+#: gitk:2386
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "このブランチをチェックアウトする"
+
+#: gitk:2387
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "このブランチを除去する"
+
+#: gitk:2394
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "これもハイライトさせる"
+
+#: gitk:2395
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "これだけをハイライトさせる"
+
+#: gitk:2396
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "外部diffツール"
+
+#: gitk:2397
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "親コミットから blame をかける"
+
+#: gitk:2404
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "この行の出自を表示する"
+
+#: gitk:2405
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "この行に git gui で blame をかける"
+
+#: gitk:2658
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - gitコミットビューア\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"使用および再配布は GNU General Public License に従ってください"
+
+#: gitk:2666 gitk:2728 gitk:9025
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "閉じる"
+
+#: gitk:2685
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Gitk キーバインディング"
+
+#: gitk:2688
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Gitk キーバインディング:"
+
+#: gitk:2690
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\t終了"
+
+#: gitk:2691
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\t最初のコミットに移動"
+
+#: gitk:2692
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\t最後のコミットに移動"
+
+#: gitk:2693
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, i\t一つ上のコミットに移動"
+
+#: gitk:2694
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, k\t一つ下のコミットに移動"
+
+#: gitk:2695
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, j\t履歴の前に戻る"
+
+#: gitk:2696
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\t履歴の次へ進む"
+
+#: gitk:2697
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tコミットリストの一つ上のページに移動"
+
+#: gitk:2698
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tコミットリストの一つ下のページに移動"
+
+#: gitk:2699
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tコミットリストの一番上にスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2700
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tコミットリストの一番下にスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2701
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tコミットリストの一つ下の行にスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2702
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tコミットリストの一つ下の行にスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2703
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tコミットリストの上のページにスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2704
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tコミットリストの下のページにスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2705
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\t後方を検索 (上方の・新しいコミット)"
+
+#: gitk:2706
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Down>\t前方を検索(下方の・古いコミット)"
+
+#: gitk:2707
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tdiff画面を上のページにスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2708
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tdiff画面を上のページにスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2709
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tdiff画面を下のページにスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2710
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tdiff画面を上に18行スクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2711
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tdiff画面を下に18行スクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2712
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\t検索"
+
+#: gitk:2713
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\t次を検索して移動"
+
+#: gitk:2714
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\t次を検索して移動"
+
+#: gitk:2715
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\t検索ボックスにフォーカス"
+
+#: gitk:2716
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\t前を検索して移動"
+
+#: gitk:2717
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\t次のファイルにdiff画面をスクロールする"
+
+#: gitk:2718
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tdiff画面の次を検索"
+
+#: gitk:2719
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tdiff画面の前を検索"
+
+#: gitk:2720
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\t文字サイズを拡大"
+
+#: gitk:2721
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\t文字サイズを拡大"
+
+#: gitk:2722
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\t文字サイズを縮小"
+
+#: gitk:2723
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\t文字サイズを縮小"
+
+#: gitk:2724
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\t更新"
+
+#: gitk:3179 gitk:3188
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "一時ディレクトリ %s 生成時エラー:"
+
+#: gitk:3201
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "\"%s\" のエラーが %s に発生:"
+
+#: gitk:3264
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "コマンド失敗:"
+
+#: gitk:3410
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "そのようなコミットはありません"
+
+#: gitk:3424
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: コマンド失敗:"
+
+#: gitk:3455
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "マージする HEAD を読み込めません: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3463
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "インデックス読み込みエラー: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3488
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "git blame を始められません: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3491 gitk:6280
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "検索中"
+
+#: gitk:3523
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "git blame 実行エラー: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3551
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "コミット %s に由来するその行は、このビューに表示されていません"
+
+#: gitk:3565
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "外部diffビューアが失敗:"
+
+#: gitk:3683
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Gitk ビュー定義"
+
+#: gitk:3687
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "このビューを記憶する"
+
+#: gitk:3688
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "リファレンス(スペース区切りのリスト):"
+
+#: gitk:3689
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "ブランチ&タグ:"
+
+#: gitk:3690
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "全てのリファレンス"
+
+#: gitk:3691
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "全ての(ローカルな)ブランチ"
+
+#: gitk:3692
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "全てのタグ"
+
+#: gitk:3693
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "全てのリモート追跡ブランチ"
+
+#: gitk:3694
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "コミット情報(正規表現):"
+
+#: gitk:3695
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "作者:"
+
+#: gitk:3696
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "コミット者:"
+
+#: gitk:3697
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "コミットメッセージ:"
+
+#: gitk:3698
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "コミット情報の全ての条件に一致"
+
+#: gitk:3699
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "変更したファイル:"
+
+#: gitk:3700
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "固定文字列"
+
+#: gitk:3701
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "正規表現"
+
+#: gitk:3702
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "検索文字列:"
+
+#: gitk:3703
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"コミット日時 (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:3704
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "期間の始め:"
+
+#: gitk:3705
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "期間の終わり:"
+
+#: gitk:3706
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "制限・省略するリビジョンの数(正の整数):"
+
+#: gitk:3707
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "表示する数:"
+
+#: gitk:3708
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "省略する数:"
+
+#: gitk:3709
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "その他のオプション:"
+
+#: gitk:3710
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "厳密に日付順で並び替え"
+
+#: gitk:3711
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "側枝マーク"
+
+#: gitk:3712
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "最初の親に制限"
+
+#: gitk:3713
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "簡易な履歴"
+
+#: gitk:3714
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "git log への追加の引数:"
+
+#: gitk:3715
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "含まれるファイル・ディレクトリを一行ごとに入力:"
+
+#: gitk:3716
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "コミット追加コマンド:"
+
+#: gitk:3838
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: ビュー編集"
+
+#: gitk:3846
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "― リビジョンの選択条件"
+
+#: gitk:3851
+msgid "View Name:"
+msgstr "ビュー名:"
+
+#: gitk:3926
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "適用 (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:3964
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "コミット選択引数のエラー:"
+
+#: gitk:4017 gitk:4069 gitk:4517 gitk:4531 gitk:5792 gitk:11263 gitk:11264
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "無し"
+
+#: gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:8093 gitk:8108
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "日付"
+
+#: gitk:4465 gitk:6312
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "作成日"
+
+#: gitk:4614 gitk:4619
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "子孫"
+
+#: gitk:4615
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "非子孫"
+
+#: gitk:4622 gitk:4627
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "祖先"
+
+#: gitk:4623
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "非祖先"
+
+#: gitk:4913
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "ステージされた、コミット前のローカルな変更"
+
+#: gitk:4949
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "ステージされていない、コミット前のローカルな変更"
+
+#: gitk:6630
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "多数"
+
+#: gitk:6814
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "タグ:"
+
+#: gitk:6831 gitk:6837 gitk:8086
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "親"
+
+#: gitk:6842
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "子"
+
+#: gitk:6851
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "ブランチ"
+
+#: gitk:6854
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "下位"
+
+#: gitk:6857
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "上位"
+
+#: gitk:7359
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "diff取得エラー: %s"
+
+#: gitk:7914
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Goto:"
+
+#: gitk:7916
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:7935
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "%s を含む SHA1 ID は複数存在します"
+
+#: gitk:7942
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "リビジョン %s は不明です"
+
+#: gitk:7952
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "SHA1 id %s は不明です"
+
+#: gitk:7954
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "リビジョン %s は現在のビューにはありません"
+
+#: gitk:8096
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "子"
+
+#: gitk:8153
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "%s ブランチをここにリセットする"
+
+#: gitk:8155
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "切り離されたHEAD: リセットできません"
+
+#: gitk:8264 gitk:8270
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "コミットマージをスキップ: "
+
+#: gitk:8279 gitk:8284
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "パッチ取得エラー: ID "
+
+#: gitk:8280 gitk:8285
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - 停止\n"
+
+#: gitk:8290 gitk:8293 gitk:8301 gitk:8314 gitk:8323
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "コミット "
+
+#: gitk:8294
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" は下記のパッチと同等\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8302
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" 下記からのdiff\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8304
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"コミットのdiff:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:8315 gitk:8324
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " には %s の子があります - 停止\n"
+
+#: gitk:8344
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "ファイルへのコミット書き出しエラー: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "コミットのdiff実行エラー: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8380
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Top"
+
+#: gitk:8381
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "From"
+
+#: gitk:8386
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "To"
+
+#: gitk:8410
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "パッチ生成"
+
+#: gitk:8412
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "From:"
+
+#: gitk:8421
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "To:"
+
+#: gitk:8430
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "逆"
+
+#: gitk:8432 gitk:8617
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "出力ファイル:"
+
+#: gitk:8438
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "生成"
+
+#: gitk:8476
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "パッチ生成エラー:"
+
+#: gitk:8499 gitk:8605 gitk:8662
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8508
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "タグ名:"
+
+#: gitk:8512 gitk:8671
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "生成"
+
+#: gitk:8529
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "タグの名称が指定されていません"
+
+#: gitk:8533
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "タグ \"%s\" は既に存在します"
+
+#: gitk:8539
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "タグ生成エラー:"
+
+#: gitk:8614
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "コマンド:"
+
+#: gitk:8622
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "書き出し"
+
+#: gitk:8640
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "コミット書き出しエラー:"
+
+#: gitk:8667
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "名前:"
+
+#: gitk:8690
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "新しいブランチの名前を指定してください"
+
+#: gitk:8695
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "ブランチ '%s' は既に存在します。上書きしますか?"
+
+#: gitk:8761
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"コミット %s は既にブランチ %s に含まれています ― 本当にこれを再適用しますか?"
+
+#: gitk:8766
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "チェリーピック中"
+
+#: gitk:8775
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"ファイル '%s' のローカルな変更のためにチェリーピックは失敗しました。\n"
+"あなたの変更に commit, reset, stash のいずれかを行ってからやり直してくださ"
+"い。"
+
+#: gitk:8781
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"マージの衝突によってチェリーピックは失敗しました。\n"
+"この解決のために git citool を実行したいですか?"
+
+#: gitk:8797
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "何の変更もコミットされていません"
+
+#: gitk:8823
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "確認を取り消す"
+
+#: gitk:8825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "ブランチ %s を %s にリセットしますか?"
+
+#: gitk:8829
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Reset タイプ:"
+
+#: gitk:8833
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Soft: 作業ツリーもインデックスもそのままにする"
+
+#: gitk:8836
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Mixed: 作業ツリーをそのままにして、インデックスをリセット"
+
+#: gitk:8839
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: 作業ツリーやインデックスをリセット\n"
+"(「全ての」ローカルな変更を破棄)"
+
+#: gitk:8856
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "リセット中"
+
+#: gitk:8913
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "チェックアウト"
+
+#: gitk:8966
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "現在チェックアウトされているブランチを削除することはできません"
+
+#: gitk:8972
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"ブランチ %s には他のブランチに存在しないコミットがあります。\n"
+"本当にブランチ %s を削除しますか?"
+
+#: gitk:9003
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "タグとHEAD: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9018
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "フィルター"
+
+#: gitk:9313
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"コミット構造情報読み込みエラー; ブランチ及び上位/下位のタグ情報が不完全である"
+"ようです。"
+
+#: gitk:10299
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "タグ"
+
+#: gitk:10299
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "ID"
+
+#: gitk:10347
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Gitk フォント選択"
+
+#: gitk:10364
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:10367
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:10463
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk 設定"
+
+#: gitk:10465
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "コミットリスト表示オプション"
+
+#: gitk:10468
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "最大グラフ幅(線の本数)"
+
+#: gitk:10472
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "最大グラフ幅(ペインに対する%)"
+
+#: gitk:10476
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "ローカルな変更を表示"
+
+#: gitk:10479
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "SHA1 の自動選択"
+
+#: gitk:10483
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "diff表示オプション"
+
+#: gitk:10485
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "タブ空白幅"
+
+#: gitk:10488
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "近くのタグを表示する"
+
+#: gitk:10491
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "リモートリファレンスを隠す"
+
+#: gitk:10494
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "diff をリストのパスに制限"
+
+#: gitk:10497
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "ファイルごとのエンコーディングのサポート"
+
+#: gitk:10503 gitk:10572
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "外部diffツール"
+
+#: gitk:10505
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "選択..."
+
+#: gitk:10510
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "色: ボタンを押して選択"
+
+#: gitk:10513
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "インターフェイス"
+
+#: gitk:10514
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "インターフェイス"
+
+#: gitk:10517
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "背景"
+
+#: gitk:10518 gitk:10548
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "背景"
+
+#: gitk:10521
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "前景"
+
+#: gitk:10522
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "前景"
+
+#: gitk:10525
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: 旧バージョン"
+
+#: gitk:10526
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diff 旧バージョン"
+
+#: gitk:10530
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: 新バージョン"
+
+#: gitk:10531
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "diff 新バージョン"
+
+#: gitk:10535
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: hunkヘッダ"
+
+#: gitk:10537
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "diff hunkヘッダ"
+
+#: gitk:10541
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "マーク行の背景"
+
+#: gitk:10543
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "マーク行の背景"
+
+#: gitk:10547
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "選択の背景"
+
+#: gitk:10551
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "フォント: ボタンを押して選択"
+
+#: gitk:10553
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "主フォント"
+
+#: gitk:10554
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Diff表示用フォント"
+
+#: gitk:10555
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "UI用フォント"
+
+#: gitk:10582
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: 「%s」 の色を選択"
+
+#: gitk:11168
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "ここにはgitリポジトリがありません。"
+
+#: gitk:11172
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "gitディレクトリ \"%s\" を見つけられません。"
+
+#: gitk:11219
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "あいまいな引数 '%s': リビジョンとファイル名の両方に解釈できます"
+
+#: gitk:11231
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "gitkへの不正な引数:"
+
+#: gitk:11316
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "コマンド行"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh b/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c63248e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Tcl ignores the next line -*- tcl -*- \
+exec tclsh "$0" -- "$@"
+
+# This is a really stupid program, which serves as an alternative to
+# msgfmt.  It _only_ translates to Tcl mode, does _not_ validate the
+# input, and does _not_ output any statistics.
+
+proc u2a {s} {
+	set res ""
+	foreach i [split $s ""] {
+		scan $i %c c
+		if {$c<128} {
+			# escape '[', '\' and ']'
+			if {$c == 0x5b || $c == 0x5d} {
+				append res "\\"
+			}
+			append res $i
+		} else {
+			append res \\u[format %04.4x $c]
+		}
+	}
+	return $res
+}
+
+set output_directory "."
+set lang "dummy"
+set files [list]
+set show_statistics 0
+
+# parse options
+for {set i 0} {$i < $argc} {incr i} {
+	set arg [lindex $argv $i]
+	if {$arg == "--statistics"} {
+		incr show_statistics
+		continue
+	}
+	if {$arg == "--tcl"} {
+		# we know
+		continue
+	}
+	if {$arg == "-l"} {
+		incr i
+		set lang [lindex $argv $i]
+		continue
+	}
+	if {$arg == "-d"} {
+		incr i
+		set tmp [lindex $argv $i]
+		regsub "\[^/\]$" $tmp "&/" output_directory
+		continue
+	}
+	lappend files $arg
+}
+
+proc flush_msg {} {
+	global msgid msgstr mode lang out fuzzy
+	global translated_count fuzzy_count not_translated_count
+
+	if {![info exists msgid] || $mode == ""} {
+		return
+	}
+	set mode ""
+	if {$fuzzy == 1} {
+		incr fuzzy_count
+		set fuzzy 0
+		return
+	}
+
+	if {$msgid == ""} {
+		set prefix "set ::msgcat::header"
+	} else {
+		if {$msgstr == ""} {
+			incr not_translated_count
+			return
+		}
+		set prefix "::msgcat::mcset $lang \"[u2a $msgid]\""
+		incr translated_count
+	}
+
+	puts $out "$prefix \"[u2a $msgstr]\""
+}
+
+set fuzzy 0
+set translated_count 0
+set fuzzy_count 0
+set not_translated_count 0
+foreach file $files {
+	regsub "^.*/\(\[^/\]*\)\.po$" $file "$output_directory\\1.msg" outfile
+	set in [open $file "r"]
+	fconfigure $in -encoding utf-8
+	set out [open $outfile "w"]
+
+	set mode ""
+	while {[gets $in line] >= 0} {
+		if {[regexp "^#" $line]} {
+			if {[regexp ", fuzzy" $line]} {
+				set fuzzy 1
+			} else {
+				flush_msg
+			}
+			continue
+		} elseif {[regexp "^msgid \"(.*)\"$" $line dummy match]} {
+			flush_msg
+			set msgid $match
+			set mode "msgid"
+		} elseif {[regexp "^msgstr \"(.*)\"$" $line dummy match]} {
+			set msgstr $match
+			set mode "msgstr"
+		} elseif {$line == ""} {
+			flush_msg
+		} elseif {[regexp "^\"(.*)\"$" $line dummy match]} {
+			if {$mode == "msgid"} {
+				append msgid $match
+			} elseif {$mode == "msgstr"} {
+				append msgstr $match
+			} else {
+				puts stderr "I do not know what to do: $match"
+			}
+		} else {
+			puts stderr "Cannot handle $line"
+		}
+	}
+	flush_msg
+	close $in
+	close $out
+}
+
+if {$show_statistics} {
+	puts [concat "$translated_count translated messages, " \
+		"$fuzzy_count fuzzy ones, " \
+		"$not_translated_count untranslated ones."]
+}
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ru.po b/gitk-git/po/ru.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..704eba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ru.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1085 @@
+#
+# Translation of gitk to Russian.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-04-24 16:00+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-04-24 16:00+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: gitk:113
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr ""
+"Невозможно получить список файлов незавершённой операции слияния:"
+
+#: gitk:268
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Ошибка в идентификаторе версии:"
+
+#: gitk:323
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Ошибка выполнения команды заданой --argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:336
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но не было найдено ни одного файла "
+"где эта операция должна быть завершена."
+
+#: gitk:339
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но в рамках указаного "
+"ограничения на имена файлов нет ни одного "
+"где эта операция должна быть завершена."
+
+#: gitk:361 gitk:508
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Ошибка запуска git log:"
+
+#: gitk:379
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Чтение"
+
+#: gitk:439 gitk:4021
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Чтение версий..."
+
+#: gitk:442 gitk:1560 gitk:4024
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Ничего не выбрано"
+
+#: gitk:1436
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Ошибка обработки вывода команды git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1656
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Нет информации о состоянии"
+
+#: gitk:1791 gitk:1815 gitk:3814 gitk:8478 gitk:10014 gitk:10186
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Ok"
+
+#: gitk:1817 gitk:3816 gitk:8078 gitk:8152 gitk:8259 gitk:8308 gitk:8480
+#: gitk:10015 gitk:10187
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Отмена"
+
+#: gitk:1915
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Обновить"
+
+#: gitk:1916
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Перечитать"
+
+#: gitk:1917
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Обновить список ссылок"
+
+#: gitk:1918
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Список ссылок"
+
+#: gitk:1920
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Запустить git gui"
+
+#: gitk:1922
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Завершить"
+
+#: gitk:1914
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Файл"
+
+#: gitk:1925
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Настройки"
+
+#: gitk:1924
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Редактировать"
+
+#: gitk:1928
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Новое представление..."
+
+#: gitk:1929
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Редактировать представление..."
+
+#: gitk:1930
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Удалить представление"
+
+#: gitk:1932
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Все файлы"
+
+#: gitk:1927 gitk:3626
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Представление"
+
+#: gitk:1935 gitk:2609
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "О gitk"
+
+#: gitk:1936
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Назначения клавиатуры"
+
+#: gitk:1934
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Подсказка"
+
+#: gitk:1994
+msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+msgstr "SHA1:"
+
+#: gitk:2025
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Строка"
+
+#: gitk:2056
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Поиск"
+
+#: gitk:2057
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "След."
+
+#: gitk:2058
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "Пред."
+
+#: gitk:2059
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2062 gitk:2064 gitk:4179 gitk:4202 gitk:4226 gitk:6164 gitk:6236
+#: gitk:6320
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "содержащее:"
+
+#: gitk:2065 gitk:3117 gitk:3122 gitk:4254
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "касательно файлов:"
+
+#: gitk:2066 gitk:4259
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "добавив/удалив строку:"
+
+#: gitk:2075 gitk:2077
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Точно"
+
+#: gitk:2077 gitk:4334 gitk:6132
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Игнорировать большие/маленькие"
+
+#: gitk:2077 gitk:4228 gitk:4332 gitk:6128
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Регулярные выражения"
+
+#: gitk:2079 gitk:2080 gitk:4353 gitk:4383 gitk:4390 gitk:6256 gitk:6324
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Во всех полях"
+
+#: gitk:2080 gitk:4351 gitk:4383 gitk:6195
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Заголовок"
+
+#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:6324 gitk:6737
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Комментарии"
+
+#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:4355 gitk:4390 gitk:6195 gitk:6672 gitk:7923
+#: gitk:7938
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Автор"
+
+#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:6674
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Сохранивший состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2110
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Найти"
+
+#: gitk:2117
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Сравнить"
+
+#: gitk:2119
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Старая версия"
+
+#: gitk:2121
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Новая версия"
+
+#: gitk:2123
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Строк контекста"
+
+#: gitk:2133
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Игнорировать пробелы"
+
+#: gitk:2191
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Патч"
+
+#: gitk:2193
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Файлы"
+
+#: gitk:2326 gitk:2339
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Сравнить это состояние с выделеным"
+
+#: gitk:2327 gitk:2340
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Сравнить выделеное с этим состоянием"
+
+#: gitk:2328 gitk:2341
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Создать патч"
+
+#: gitk:2329 gitk:8136
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Создать метку"
+
+#: gitk:2330 gitk:8239
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Сохранить изменения в файл"
+
+#: gitk:2331 gitk:8296
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Создать ветвь"
+
+#: gitk:2332
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Скопировать это состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2333
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Установить HEAD на это состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2347
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Перейти на эту ветвь"
+
+#: gitk:2348
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Удалить эту ветвь"
+
+#: gitk:2355
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Подсветить этот тоже"
+
+#: gitk:2356
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Подсветить только этот"
+
+#: gitk:2357
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Программа сравнения"
+
+#: gitk:2358
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Аннотировать родительское состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2365
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Показать источник этой строки"
+
+#: gitk:2366
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Запустить git gui blame для этой строки"
+
+#: gitk:2611
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - программа просмотра истории репозиториев Git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright (c) 2005-2008 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Использование и распространение согласно условиям GNU General Public License"
+
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:2681 gitk:8661
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Закрыть"
+
+#: gitk:2638
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Назначения клавиатуры в Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2641
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Назначения клавиатуры в Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:2643
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tЗавершить"
+
+#: gitk:2644
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tПерейти к первому состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2645
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tПерейти к последнему состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2646
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tПерейти к следующему состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tПерейти к предыдущему состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2648
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tПоказать ранее посещённое состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2649
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tПоказать следующее посещённое состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2650
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tПерейти на страницу выше в списке состояний"
+
+#: gitk:2651
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tПерейти на страницу ниже в списке состояний"
+
+#: gitk:2652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tПоказать начало списка состояний"
+
+#: gitk:2653
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tПоказать конец списка состояний"
+
+#: gitk:2654
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tПровернуть список состояний вверх"
+
+#: gitk:2655
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tПровернуть список состояний вниз"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tПровернуть список состояний на страницу вверх"
+
+#: gitk:2657
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tПровернуть список состояний на страницу вниз"
+
+#: gitk:2658
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Up>\tПоиск в обратном порядке (вверх, среди новых состояний)"
+
+#: gitk:2659
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tПоиск (вниз, среди старых состояний)"
+
+#: gitk:2660
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tПрокрутить список изменений на страницу выше"
+
+#: gitk:2661
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tПрокрутить список изменений на страницу выше"
+
+#: gitk:2662
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Leertaste>\t\tПрокрутить список изменений на страницу ниже"
+
+#: gitk:2663
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tПрокрутить список изменений на 18 строк вверх"
+
+#: gitk:2664
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tПрокрутить список изменений на 18 строк вниз"
+
+#: gitk:2665
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tПоиск"
+
+#: gitk:2666
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tПерейти к следующему найденому состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2667
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\tПерейти к следующему найденому состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2668
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tПерейти к полю поиска"
+
+#: gitk:2669
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденому состоянию"
+
+#: gitk:2670
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tПрокрутить список изменений к следующему файлу"
+
+#: gitk:2671
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tПродолжить поиск в списке изменений"
+
+#: gitk:2672
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденому тексту в списке изменений"
+
+#: gitk:2673
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tУвеличить размер шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:2674
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tУвеличить размер шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:2675
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tУменьшить размер шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:2676
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tУменьшить размер шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:2677
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tОбновить"
+
+#: gitk:3132
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Ошибка получения \"%s\" из %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3189 gitk:3198
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Ошибка создания временного каталога %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3211
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "ошибка выполнения команды:"
+
+#: gitk:3357
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Состояние не найдено"
+
+#: gitk:3371
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: ошибка выполнения команды:"
+
+#: gitk:3402
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка чтения MERGE_HEAD: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3410
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка чтения индекса: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3435
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка запуска git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3438 gitk:6163
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Поиск"
+
+#: gitk:3470
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка выполнения git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3498
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+"Эта строка принадлежит состоянию %s, которое не показано в этом "
+"представлении"
+
+#: gitk:3512
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Ошибка выполнения программы сравнения:"
+
+#: gitk:3630
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Gitk определение представлений"
+
+#: gitk:3634
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Запомнить представление"
+
+#: gitk:3635
+msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git log):"
+msgstr "Включить состояния (аргументы для git-log):"
+
+#: gitk:3636
+msgid "Use all refs"
+msgstr "Использовать все ветви"
+
+#: gitk:3637
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Строгая сортировка по дате"
+
+#: gitk:3638
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Отметить стороны ветвей"
+
+#: gitk:3639
+msgid "Since date:"
+msgstr "С даты:"
+
+#: gitk:3640
+msgid "Until date:"
+msgstr "По дату:"
+
+#: gitk:3641
+msgid "Max count:"
+msgstr "Макс. количество:"
+
+#: gitk:3642
+msgid "Skip:"
+msgstr "Пропустить:"
+
+#: gitk:3643
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Ограничить первым предком"
+
+#: gitk:3644
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Дополнительная команда для списка состояний:"
+
+#: gitk:3753
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "Имя"
+
+#: gitk:3801
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Файлы и каталоги для ограничения истории, по одному на строку:"
+
+#: gitk:3815
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Применить (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:3853
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Ошибка в параметрах выбора состояний:"
+
+#: gitk:3906 gitk:3958 gitk:4403 gitk:4417 gitk:5675 gitk:10867 gitk:10868
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Ни одного"
+
+#: gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:7925 gitk:7940
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Дата"
+
+#: gitk:4351 gitk:6195
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "Дата ввода"
+
+#: gitk:4500 gitk:4505
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Порождённое"
+
+#: gitk:4501
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Не порождённое"
+
+#: gitk:4508 gitk:4513
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Предок"
+
+#: gitk:4509
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Не предок"
+
+#: gitk:4799
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Изменения зарегистрированные в индексе, но не сохранённые"
+
+#: gitk:4835
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Изменения в рабочем каталоге, не зарегистрированные в индексе"
+
+#: gitk:6676
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Таги:"
+
+#: gitk:6693 gitk:6699 gitk:7918
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Предок"
+
+#: gitk:6704
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Потомок"
+
+#: gitk:6713
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Ветвь"
+
+#: gitk:6716
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Следует за"
+
+#: gitk:6719
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Предшествует"
+
+#: gitk:7212
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка получения изменений: %s"
+
+#: gitk:7751
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Перейти к:"
+
+#: gitk:7753
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:7772
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Сокращённый SHA1 идентификатор %s неоднозначен"
+
+#: gitk:7784
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "SHA1 идентификатор %s не найден"
+
+#: gitk:7786
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+msgstr "Метка или ветвь %s не найдена"
+
+#: gitk:7928
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Потомки"
+
+#: gitk:7985
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Установить ветвь %s на это состояние"
+
+#: gitk:7987
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Состояние не принадлежит ни одной ветви, переход невозможен"
+
+#: gitk:8019
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Верх"
+
+#: gitk:8020
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "От"
+
+#: gitk:8025
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "До"
+
+#: gitk:8049
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Создать патч"
+
+#: gitk:8051
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "От:"
+
+#: gitk:8060
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "До:"
+
+#: gitk:8069
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "В обратном порядке"
+
+#: gitk:8071 gitk:8253
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Файл для сохранения:"
+
+#: gitk:8077
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Создать"
+
+#: gitk:8115
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Ошибка создания патча:"
+
+#: gitk:8138 gitk:8241 gitk:8298
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:8147
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Имя метки:"
+
+#: gitk:8151 gitk:8307
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Создать"
+
+#: gitk:8168
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Не задано имя метки"
+
+#: gitk:8172
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Метка \"%s\" уже существует"
+
+#: gitk:8178
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Ошибка создания метки:"
+
+#: gitk:8250
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Команда:"
+
+#: gitk:8258
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Запись"
+
+#: gitk:8276
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Ошибка сохранения состояния:"
+
+#: gitk:8303
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Имя:"
+
+#: gitk:8326
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Укажите имя для новой ветви"
+
+#: gitk:8331
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Ветвь '%s' уже существует. Переписать?"
+
+#: gitk:8397
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Состояние %s уже принадлежит ветви %s. Продолжить операцию?"
+
+#: gitk:8402
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Копирование изменений"
+
+#: gitk:8411
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Копирование невозможно из-за изменений в файле '%s'.\n"
+"Сохраните или отмените изменения и повторите операцию."
+
+#: gitk:8417
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Копирование изменений невозможно из-за незавершённой операции "
+"слияния.\nЗапустить git citool для завершения этой операции?"
+
+#: gitk:8433
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Изменения не сохранены"
+
+#: gitk:8459
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Подтвердите операцию перехода"
+
+#: gitk:8461
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Установить ветвь %s на состояние %s?"
+
+#: gitk:8465
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Тип операции перехода:"
+
+#: gitk:8469
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Лёгкий: оставить рабочий каталог и индекс неизменными"
+
+#: gitk:8472
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr ""
+"Смешаный: оставить рабочий каталог неизменным, установить индекс"
+
+#: gitk:8475
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Жесткий: переписать индекс и рабочий каталог\n"
+"(все изменения в рабочем каталоги будут потеряны)"
+
+#: gitk:8492
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Установка"
+
+#: gitk:8549
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Переход"
+
+#: gitk:8602
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Активная ветвь не может быть удалена"
+
+#: gitk:8608
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Состояния ветви %s больше не принадлежат никакой другой ветви.\n"
+"Действительно удалить ветвь %s?"
+
+#: gitk:8639
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Метки и ветви: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8654
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Фильтровать"
+
+#: gitk:8949
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Ошибка чтения истории проекта; информация о ветвях и состояниях "
+"вокруг меток (до/после) может быть неполной."
+
+#: gitk:9935
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Метка"
+
+#: gitk:9935
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:9983
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Шрифт Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10000
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "Ж"
+
+#: gitk:10003
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "К"
+
+#: gitk:10098
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Настройки Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10100
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Параметры показа списка состояний"
+
+#: gitk:10103
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Макс. ширина графа (строк)"
+
+#: gitk:10107
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Макс. ширина графа (% ширины панели)"
+
+#: gitk:10111
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Показывать изменения в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: gitk:10114
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Выделить SHA1"
+
+#: gitk:10118
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Параметры показа изменений"
+
+#: gitk:10120
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Ширина табуляции"
+
+#: gitk:10123
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Показывать близкие метки"
+
+#: gitk:10126
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Ограничить показ изменений выбраными файлами"
+
+#: gitk:10129
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Поддержка кодировок в отдельных файлах"
+
+#: gitk:10135
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Программа для показа изменений"
+
+#: gitk:10137
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Выберите..."
+
+#: gitk:10142
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Цвета: нажмите для выбора"
+
+#: gitk:10145
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Фон"
+
+#: gitk:10146 gitk:10176
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "фон"
+
+#: gitk:10149
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Передний план"
+
+#: gitk:10150
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "передний план"
+
+#: gitk:10153
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Изменения: старый текст"
+
+#: gitk:10154
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "старый текст изменения"
+
+#: gitk:10158
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Изменения: новый текст"
+
+#: gitk:10159
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "новый текст изменения"
+
+#: gitk:10163
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Изменения: заголовок блока"
+
+#: gitk:10165
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "заголовок блока изменений"
+
+#: gitk:10169
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Фон выбраной строки"
+
+#: gitk:10171
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "фон выбраной строки"
+
+#: gitk:10175
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Выберите фон"
+
+#: gitk:10179
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Шрифт: нажмите для выбора"
+
+#: gitk:10181
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Основной шрифт"
+
+#: gitk:10182
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Шрифт показа изменений"
+
+#: gitk:10183
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Шрифт интерфейса"
+
+#: gitk:10210
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: выберите цвет для %s"
+
+#: gitk:10656
+msgid ""
+"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+msgstr ""
+"К сожалению gitk не может работать с этой версий Tcl/Tk.\n"
+"Требуется как минимум Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#: gitk:10773
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Git-репозитарий не найден в текущем каталоге."
+
+#: gitk:10777
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Git-репозитарий \"%s\" не найден."
+
+#: gitk:10824
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Неоднозначный аргумент '%s': существует как версия и имя файла"
+
+#: gitk:10836
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Неправильные аргументы для gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:10896
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Командная строка"
+
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5e2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1297 @@
+# Swedish translation for gitk
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+#
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
+# Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-28 13:16+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-28 13:48+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
+"Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+
+#: gitk:115
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta lista över ej sammanslagna filer:"
+
+#: gitk:274
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
+
+#: gitk:329
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
+
+#: gitk:342
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
+"slagits samman."
+
+#: gitk:345
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
+"filbegränsningen."
+
+#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
+
+#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Läser"
+
+#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
+
+#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
+
+#: gitk:1454
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1674
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
+
+#: gitk:1816
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "OK"
+
+#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
+#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Avbryt"
+
+#: gitk:1975
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Uppdatera"
+
+#: gitk:1976
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Ladda om"
+
+#: gitk:1977
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Läs om referenser"
+
+#: gitk:1978
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Visa referenser"
+
+#: gitk:1980
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Starta git gui"
+
+#: gitk:1982
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Avsluta"
+
+#: gitk:1974
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Arkiv"
+
+#: gitk:1986
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar"
+
+#: gitk:1985
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Redigera"
+
+#: gitk:1990
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Ny vy..."
+
+#: gitk:1991
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Ändra vy..."
+
+#: gitk:1992
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Ta bort vy"
+
+#: gitk:1994
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Alla filer"
+
+#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Visa"
+
+#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Om gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
+
+#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Hjälp"
+
+#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1-id:"
+
+#: gitk:2122
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Rad"
+
+#: gitk:2160
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Sök"
+
+#: gitk:2161
+msgid "next"
+msgstr "nästa"
+
+#: gitk:2162
+msgid "prev"
+msgstr "föreg"
+
+#: gitk:2163
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
+#: gitk:6566
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "som innehåller:"
+
+#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
+
+#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
+
+#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exakt"
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "IgnVersaler"
+
+#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Reg.uttr."
+
+#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Alla fält"
+
+#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Rubrik"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Kommentarer"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
+#: gitk:8300
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Författare"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Incheckare"
+
+#: gitk:2216
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Sök"
+
+#: gitk:2224
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diff"
+
+#: gitk:2226
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Gammal version"
+
+#: gitk:2228
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Ny version"
+
+#: gitk:2230
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
+
+#: gitk:2240
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
+
+#: gitk:2299
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Patch"
+
+#: gitk:2301
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Träd"
+
+#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
+
+#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
+
+#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Skapa patch"
+
+#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Skapa tagg"
+
+#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
+
+#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
+
+#: gitk:2462
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2463
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
+
+#: gitk:2464
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2465
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Återgå till markering"
+
+#: gitk:2466
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
+
+#: gitk:2467
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2481
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
+
+#: gitk:2482
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
+
+#: gitk:2489
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Markera även detta"
+
+#: gitk:2490
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Markera bara detta"
+
+#: gitk:2491
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Extern diff"
+
+#: gitk:2492
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2499
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
+
+#: gitk:2500
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
+
+#: gitk:2782
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2009 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
+
+#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Stäng"
+
+#: gitk:2811
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2814
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:2816
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
+
+#: gitk:2817
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2818
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tGå till sista incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2819
+msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGå en incheckning upp"
+
+#: gitk:2820
+msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGå en incheckning ned"
+
+#: gitk:2821
+msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
+
+#: gitk:2822
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
+
+#: gitk:2823
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tGå upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
+
+#: gitk:2824
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tGå ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
+
+#: gitk:2825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
+
+#: gitk:2826
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
+
+#: gitk:2827
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
+
+#: gitk:2828
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
+
+#: gitk:2829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
+
+#: gitk:2830
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
+
+#: gitk:2831
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
+
+#: gitk:2832
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
+
+#: gitk:2833
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
+
+#: gitk:2834
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
+
+#: gitk:2835
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
+
+#: gitk:2836
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
+
+#: gitk:2837
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
+
+#: gitk:2838
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
+
+#: gitk:2839
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
+
+#: gitk:2840
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
+
+#: gitk:2841
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
+
+#: gitk:2842
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
+
+#: gitk:2843
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
+
+#: gitk:2844
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
+
+#: gitk:2845
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
+
+#: gitk:2846
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
+
+#: gitk:2847
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
+
+#: gitk:2848
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
+
+#: gitk:2849
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
+
+#: gitk:2850
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
+
+#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3327
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3390
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
+
+#: gitk:3539
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
+
+#: gitk:3553
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
+
+#: gitk:3584
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3592
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3617
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Söker"
+
+#: gitk:3652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3680
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
+
+#: gitk:3694
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
+
+#: gitk:3812
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
+
+#: gitk:3816
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Spara denna vy"
+
+#: gitk:3817
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
+
+#: gitk:3818
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
+
+#: gitk:3819
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Alla referenser"
+
+#: gitk:3820
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
+
+#: gitk:3821
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Alla taggar"
+
+#: gitk:3822
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: gitk:3823
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
+
+#: gitk:3824
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Författare:"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Incheckare:"
+
+#: gitk:3826
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
+
+#: gitk:3827
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
+
+#: gitk:3828
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
+
+#: gitk:3829
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Fast sträng"
+
+#: gitk:3830
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
+
+#: gitk:3831
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Söksträng:"
+
+#: gitk:3832
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Från:"
+
+#: gitk:3834
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Till:"
+
+#: gitk:3835
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
+
+#: gitk:3836
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Antal att visa:"
+
+#: gitk:3837
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
+
+#: gitk:3838
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
+
+#: gitk:3839
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
+
+#: gitk:3840
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
+
+#: gitk:3841
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
+
+#: gitk:3842
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Enkel historik"
+
+#: gitk:3843
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
+
+#: gitk:3844
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
+
+#: gitk:3845
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
+
+#: gitk:3967
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
+
+#: gitk:3975
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
+
+#: gitk:3980
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Namn på vy"
+
+#: gitk:4055
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Använd (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4093
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
+
+#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Inget"
+
+#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
+msgid "CDate"
+msgstr "Skapat datum"
+
+#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Avkomling"
+
+#: gitk:4744
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Inte avkomling"
+
+#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Förfader"
+
+#: gitk:4752
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Inte förfader"
+
+#: gitk:5042
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
+
+#: gitk:5078
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
+
+#: gitk:6759
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "många"
+
+#: gitk:6942
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Taggar:"
+
+#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Förälder"
+
+#: gitk:6970
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Barn"
+
+#: gitk:6979
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Gren"
+
+#: gitk:6982
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Följer"
+
+#: gitk:6985
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Föregår"
+
+#: gitk:7522
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8108
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Gå till:"
+
+#: gitk:8129
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
+
+#: gitk:8136
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
+
+#: gitk:8146
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
+
+#: gitk:8148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
+
+#: gitk:8290
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Barn"
+
+#: gitk:8348
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
+
+#: gitk:8350
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
+
+#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
+
+#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
+
+#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - stannar\n"
+
+#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Incheckning "
+
+#: gitk:8489
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" är samma patch som\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8497
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" skiljer sig från\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:8499
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
+"\n"
+""
+
+#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
+
+#: gitk:8539
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8545
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8575
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Topp"
+
+#: gitk:8576
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Från"
+
+#: gitk:8581
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "Till"
+
+#: gitk:8605
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Generera patch"
+
+#: gitk:8607
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Från:"
+
+#: gitk:8616
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "Till:"
+
+#: gitk:8625
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Vänd"
+
+#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Utdatafil:"
+
+#: gitk:8633
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Generera"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
+
+#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "Id:"
+
+#: gitk:8703
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Taggnamn:"
+
+#: gitk:8706
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
+
+#: gitk:8708
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
+
+#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Skapa"
+
+#: gitk:8730
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
+
+#: gitk:8734
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
+
+#: gitk:8744
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
+
+#: gitk:8819
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Kommando:"
+
+#: gitk:8827
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Skriv"
+
+#: gitk:8845
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
+
+#: gitk:8872
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Namn:"
+
+#: gitk:8895
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
+
+#: gitk:8900
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
+
+#: gitk:8966
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
+"på nytt?"
+
+#: gitk:8971
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Plockar"
+
+#: gitk:8980
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av lokala ändringar i filen \"%s\".\n"
+"Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
+"igen."
+
+#: gitk:8986
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
+"Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
+
+#: gitk:9002
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
+
+#: gitk:9028
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
+
+#: gitk:9030
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9032
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
+
+#: gitk:9035
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
+
+#: gitk:9038
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
+
+#: gitk:9041
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
+"(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
+
+#: gitk:9058
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Återställer"
+
+#: gitk:9118
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Checkar ut"
+
+#: gitk:9171
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
+
+#: gitk:9177
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
+"Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9208
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9223
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filter"
+
+#: gitk:9518
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
+"grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
+
+#: gitk:10504
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Tagg"
+
+#: gitk:10504
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:10554
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10571
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "F"
+
+#: gitk:10574
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "K"
+
+#: gitk:10692
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:10694
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
+
+#: gitk:10697
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
+
+#: gitk:10700
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
+
+#: gitk:10703
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
+
+#: gitk:10706
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
+
+#: gitk:10709
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
+
+#: gitk:10713
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
+
+#: gitk:10715
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
+
+#: gitk:10718
+msgid "Display nearby tags"
+msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
+
+#: gitk:10721
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
+
+#: gitk:10724
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
+
+#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
+
+#: gitk:10731
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Välj..."
+
+#: gitk:10736
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
+
+#: gitk:10739
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
+
+#: gitk:10741
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
+
+#: gitk:10743
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
+
+#: gitk:10747
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
+
+#: gitk:10750
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Gränssnitt"
+
+#: gitk:10751
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "gränssnitt"
+
+#: gitk:10754
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Bakgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "bakgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10758
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Förgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10759
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "förgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10762
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
+
+#: gitk:10763
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diff gamla rader"
+
+#: gitk:10767
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
+
+#: gitk:10768
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "diff nya rader"
+
+#: gitk:10772
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
+
+#: gitk:10774
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "diff delhuvud"
+
+#: gitk:10778
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10780
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10784
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
+
+#: gitk:10788
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
+
+#: gitk:10790
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
+
+#: gitk:10791
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
+
+#: gitk:10792
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
+
+#: gitk:10829
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
+
+#: gitk:11433
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Hittar inget gitk-arkiv här."
+
+#: gitk:11437
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
+
+#: gitk:11484
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
+
+#: gitk:11496
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:11587
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Kommandorad"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1-id: "
+
+#~ msgid "- stopping\n"
+#~ msgstr "- stannar\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Gitk kan tyvärr inte köra med denna version av Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk kräver åtminstone Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#~ msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+#~ msgstr "Tagg/huvud %s är okänt"
+
+#~ msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
+#~ msgstr "/\t\tGå till nästa sökträff, eller sök på nytt"
+
+#~ msgid "Name"
+#~ msgstr "Namn"
diff --git a/gitweb/INSTALL b/gitweb/INSTALL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b76a0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+GIT web Interface (gitweb) Installation
+=======================================
+
+First you have to generate gitweb.cgi from gitweb.perl using
+"make gitweb/gitweb.cgi", then copy appropriate files (gitweb.cgi,
+gitweb.css, git-logo.png and git-favicon.png) to their destination.
+For example if git was (or is) installed with /usr prefix, you can do
+
+	$ make prefix=/usr gitweb/gitweb.cgi  ;# as yourself
+	# cp gitweb/git* /var/www/cgi-bin/    ;# as root
+
+Alternatively you can use autoconf generated ./configure script to
+set up path to git binaries (via config.mak.autogen), so you can write
+instead
+
+	$ make configure                     ;# as yourself
+	$ ./configure --prefix=/usr          ;# as yourself
+	$ make gitweb/gitweb.cgi             ;# as yourself
+	# cp gitweb/git* /var/www/cgi-bin/   ;# as root
+
+The above example assumes that your web server is configured to run
+[executable] files in /var/www/cgi-bin/ as server scripts (as CGI
+scripts).
+
+
+Build time configuration
+------------------------
+
+See also "How to configure gitweb for your local system" in README
+file for gitweb (in gitweb/README).
+
+- There are many configuration variables which affect building of
+  gitweb.cgi; see "default configuration for gitweb" section in main
+  (top dir) Makefile, and instructions for building gitweb/gitweb.cgi
+  target.
+
+  One of the most important is where to find the git wrapper binary. Gitweb
+  tries to find the git wrapper at $(bindir)/git, so you have to set $bindir
+  when building gitweb.cgi, or $prefix from which $bindir is derived. If
+  you build and install gitweb together with the rest of the git suite,
+  there should be no problems. Otherwise, if git was for example
+  installed from a binary package, you have to set $prefix (or $bindir)
+  accordingly.
+
+- Another important issue is where are git repositories you want to make
+  available to gitweb. By default gitweb searches for repositories under
+  /pub/git; if you want to have projects somewhere else, like /home/git,
+  use GITWEB_PROJECTROOT build configuration variable.
+
+  By default all git repositories under projectroot are visible and
+  available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by
+  scanning the projectroot directory for git repositories. This can be
+  changed (configured) as described in "Gitweb repositories" section
+  below.
+
+  Note that gitweb deals directly with the object database, and does not
+  need a working directory; the name of the project is the name of its
+  repository object database, usually projectname.git for bare
+  repositories. If you want to provide gitweb access to non-bare (live)
+  repositories, you can make projectname.git a symbolic link under
+  projectroot linking to projectname/.git (but it is just
+  a suggestion).
+
+- You can control where gitweb tries to find its main CSS style file,
+  its favicon and logo with the GITWEB_CSS, GITWEB_FAVICON and GITWEB_LOGO
+  build configuration variables. By default gitweb tries to find them
+  in the same directory as gitweb.cgi script.
+
+Build example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- To install gitweb to /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb/ when git wrapper
+  is installed at /usr/local/bin/git and the repositories (projects)
+  we want to display are under /home/local/scm, you can do
+
+	make GITWEB_PROJECTROOT="/home/local/scm" \
+	     GITWEB_CSS="/gitweb/gitweb.css" \
+	     GITWEB_LOGO="/gitweb/git-logo.png" \
+	     GITWEB_FAVICON="/gitweb/git-favicon.png" \
+	     bindir=/usr/local/bin \
+	     gitweb/gitweb.cgi
+
+	cp -fv ~/git/gitweb/gitweb.{cgi,css} \
+	       ~/git/gitweb/git-{favicon,logo}.png \
+	     /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb/
+
+
+Gitweb config file
+------------------
+
+See also "Runtime gitweb configuration" section in README file
+for gitweb (in gitweb/README).
+
+- You can configure gitweb further using the gitweb configuration file;
+  by default this is a file named gitweb_config.perl in the same place as
+  gitweb.cgi script. You can control the default place for the config file
+  using the GITWEB_CONFIG build configuration variable, and you can set it
+  using the GITWEB_CONFIG environment variable. If this file does not
+  exist, gitweb looks for a system-wide configuration file, normally
+  /etc/gitweb.conf. You can change the default using the
+  GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM build configuration variable, and override it
+  through the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM environment variable.
+
+- The gitweb config file is a fragment of perl code. You can set variables
+  using "our $variable = value"; text from "#" character until the end
+  of a line is ignored. See perlsyn(1) for details.
+
+  See the top of gitweb.perl file for examples of customizable options.
+
+Config file example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To enable blame, pickaxe search, and snapshot support, while allowing
+individual projects to turn them off, put the following in your
+GITWEB_CONFIG file:
+
+	$feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];
+	$feature{'blame'}{'override'} = 1;
+
+	$feature{'pickaxe'}{'default'} = [1];
+	$feature{'pickaxe'}{'override'} = 1;
+
+	$feature{'snapshot'}{'default'} = ['zip', 'tgz'];
+	$feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;
+
+If you allow overriding for the snapshot feature, you can specify which
+snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command line
+options you want (such as setting the compression level). For instance,
+you can disable Zip compressed snapshots and set GZip to run at level 6 by
+adding the following lines to your $GITWEB_CONFIG:
+
+	$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
+	$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'compressor'} = ['gzip','-6'];
+
+
+Gitweb repositories
+-------------------
+
+- By default all git repositories under projectroot are visible and
+  available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by
+  scanning the projectroot directory for git repositories (for object
+  databases to be more exact).
+
+  You can provide a pre-generated list of [visible] repositories,
+  together with information about their owners (the project ownership
+  defaults to the owner of the repository directory otherwise), by setting
+  the GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or the $projects_list
+  variable in the gitweb config file) to point to a plain file.
+
+  Each line of the projects list file should consist of the url-encoded path
+  to the project repository database (relative to projectroot), followed
+  by the url-encoded project owner on the same line (separated by a space).
+  Spaces in both project path and project owner have to be encoded as either
+  '%20' or '+'.
+
+  Other characters that have to be url-encoded, i.e. replaced by '%'
+  followed by two-digit character number in octal, are: other whitespace
+  characters (because they are field separator in a record), plus sign '+'
+  (because it can be used as replacement for spaces), and percent sign '%'
+  (which is used for encoding / escaping).
+
+  You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index
+  action (the 'TXT' link on projects list page) directly from gitweb.
+
+- By default, even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you
+  can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. You can set the
+  GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT build configuration variable (or the $strict_export
+  variable in the gitweb config file) to only allow viewing of
+  repositories also shown on the overview page.
+
+- Alternatively, you can configure gitweb to only list and allow
+  viewing of the explicitly exported repositories, via the
+  GITWEB_EXPORT_OK build configuration variable (or the $export_ok
+  variable in gitweb config file). If it evaluates to true, gitweb
+  shows repositories only if this file exists in its object database
+  (if directory has the magic file named $export_ok).
+
+- Finally, it is possible to specify an arbitrary perl subroutine that
+  will be called for each project to determine if it can be exported.
+  The subroutine receives an absolute path to the project as its only
+  parameter.
+
+  For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb
+  http protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you
+  can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is
+  authorized to read the files:
+
+    $export_auth_hook = sub {
+        use Apache2::SubRequest ();
+        use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK);
+        my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD";
+        my $r    = Apache2::RequestUtil->request;
+        my $sub  = $r->lookup_file($path);
+        return $sub->filename eq $path
+            && $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK;
+    };
+
+
+Generating projects list using gitweb
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+We assume that GITWEB_CONFIG has its default Makefile value, namely
+gitweb_config.perl. Put the following in gitweb_make_index.perl file:
+
+	$GITWEB_CONFIG = "gitweb_config.perl";
+	do $GITWEB_CONFIG if -e $GITWEB_CONFIG;
+
+	$projects_list = $projectroot;
+
+Then create the following script to get list of project in the format
+suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or
+$projects_list variable in gitweb config):
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+
+	export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl"
+	export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1"
+	export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*"
+	export REQUEST_METHOD="GET"
+	export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index"
+
+	perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
+
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+ - Core git tools
+ - Perl
+ - Perl modules: CGI, Encode, Fcntl, File::Find, File::Basename.
+ - web server
+
+
+Example web server configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+See also "Webserver configuration" section in README file for gitweb
+(in gitweb/README).
+
+
+- Apache2, gitweb installed as CGI script,
+  under /var/www/cgi-bin/
+
+	ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
+
+	<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
+	    Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI
+	    AllowOverride None
+	    Order allow,deny
+	    Allow from all
+	</Directory>
+
+- Apache2, gitweb installed as mod_perl legacy script,
+  under /var/www/perl/
+
+	Alias /perl "/var/www/perl"
+
+	<Directory "/var/www/perl">
+	    SetHandler perl-script
+	    PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
+	    PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
+	    Options Indexes FollowSymlinks +ExecCGI
+	    AllowOverride None
+	    Order allow,deny
+	    Allow from all
+	</Directory>
diff --git a/gitweb/Makefile b/gitweb/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9eb1ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
+all::
+
+# Define V=1 to have a more verbose compile.
+#
+# Define JSMIN to point to JavaScript minifier that functions as
+# a filter to have gitweb.js minified.
+#
+
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+RM ?= rm -f
+
+# JavaScript minifier invocation that can function as filter
+JSMIN ?=
+
+# default configuration for gitweb
+GITWEB_CONFIG = gitweb_config.perl
+GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = /etc/gitweb.conf
+GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR = projects
+GITWEB_SITENAME =
+GITWEB_PROJECTROOT = /pub/git
+GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH = 2007
+GITWEB_EXPORT_OK =
+GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT =
+GITWEB_BASE_URL =
+GITWEB_LIST =
+GITWEB_HOMETEXT = indextext.html
+GITWEB_CSS = gitweb.css
+GITWEB_LOGO = git-logo.png
+GITWEB_FAVICON = git-favicon.png
+ifdef JSMIN
+GITWEB_JS = gitweb.min.js
+else
+GITWEB_JS = gitweb.js
+endif
+GITWEB_SITE_HEADER =
+GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER =
+
+# include user config
+-include ../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../config.mak
+
+# determine version
+../GIT-VERSION-FILE: .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../ $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+### Build rules
+
+SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
+PERL_PATH  ?= /usr/bin/perl
+
+# Shell quote;
+bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))         #'
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH)) #'
+PERL_PATH_SQ  = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))  #'
+
+# Quiet generation (unless V=1)
+QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
+QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),w),w)
+PRINT_DIR = --no-print-directory
+else # "make -w"
+NO_SUBDIR = :
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(findstring $(MAKEFLAGS),s),s)
+ifndef V
+	QUIET          = @
+	QUIET_GEN      = $(QUIET)echo '   ' GEN $@;
+	QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +@subdir=
+	QUIET_SUBDIR1  = ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
+	                 $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
+	export V
+	export QUIET
+	export QUIET_GEN
+	export QUIET_SUBDIR0
+	export QUIET_SUBDIR1
+endif
+endif
+
+all:: gitweb.cgi
+
+ifdef JSMIN
+FILES=gitweb.cgi gitweb.min.js
+gitweb.cgi: gitweb.perl gitweb.min.js
+else # !JSMIN
+FILES=gitweb.cgi
+gitweb.cgi: gitweb.perl
+endif # JSMIN
+
+gitweb.cgi:
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*perl|#!$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's|++GIT_VERSION++|$(GIT_VERSION)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GIT_BINDIR++|$(bindir)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_CONFIG++|$(GITWEB_CONFIG)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++|$(GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++|$(GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_SITENAME++|$(GITWEB_SITENAME)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_PROJECTROOT++|$(GITWEB_PROJECTROOT)|g' \
+	    -e 's|"++GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH++"|$(GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_EXPORT_OK++|$(GITWEB_EXPORT_OK)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT++|$(GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_BASE_URL++|$(GITWEB_BASE_URL)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_LIST++|$(GITWEB_LIST)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_HOMETEXT++|$(GITWEB_HOMETEXT)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_CSS++|$(GITWEB_CSS)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_LOGO++|$(GITWEB_LOGO)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_FAVICON++|$(GITWEB_FAVICON)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_JS++|$(GITWEB_JS)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_SITE_HEADER++|$(GITWEB_SITE_HEADER)|g' \
+	    -e 's|++GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER++|$(GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER)|g' \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
+	chmod +x $@+ && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+ifdef JSMIN
+gitweb.min.js: gitweb.js
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(JSMIN) <$< >$@
+endif # JSMIN
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(FILES)
+
+.PHONY: all clean .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2c8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+GIT web Interface
+=================
+
+The one working on:
+  http://git.kernel.org/
+
+From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
+
+
+How to configure gitweb for your local system
+---------------------------------------------
+
+See also the "Build time configuration" section in the INSTALL
+file for gitweb (in gitweb/INSTALL).
+
+You can specify the following configuration variables when building GIT:
+ * GIT_BINDIR
+   Points where to find the git executable.  You should set it up to
+   the place where the git binary was installed (usually /usr/bin) if you
+   don't install git from sources together with gitweb.  [Default: $(bindir)]
+ * GITWEB_SITENAME
+   Shown in the title of all generated pages, defaults to the server name
+   (SERVER_NAME CGI environment variable) if not set. [No default]
+ * GITWEB_PROJECTROOT
+   The root directory for all projects shown by gitweb. Must be set
+   correctly for gitweb to find repositories to display.  See also
+   "Gitweb repositories" in the INSTALL file for gitweb.  [Default: /pub/git]
+ * GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH
+   The filesystem traversing limit for getting the project list; the number
+   is taken as depth relative to the projectroot.  It is used when
+   GITWEB_LIST is a directory (or is not set; then project root is used).
+   Is is meant to speed up project listing on large work trees by limiting
+   search depth.  [Default: 2007]
+ * GITWEB_LIST
+   Points to a directory to scan for projects (defaults to project root
+   if not set / if empty) or to a file with explicit listing of projects
+   (together with projects' ownership). See "Generating projects list
+   using gitweb" in INSTALL file for gitweb to find out how to generate
+   such file from scan of a directory. [No default, which means use root
+   directory for projects]
+ * GITWEB_EXPORT_OK
+   Show repository only if this file exists (in repository).  Only
+   effective if this variable evaluates to true.  [No default / Not set]
+ * GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT
+   Only allow viewing of repositories also shown on the overview page.
+   This for example makes GITWEB_EXPORT_OK to decide if repository is
+   available and not only if it is shown.  If GITWEB_LIST points to
+   file with list of project, only those repositories listed would be
+   available for gitweb.  [No default]
+ * GITWEB_HOMETEXT
+   Points to an .html file which is included on the gitweb project
+   overview page ('projects_list' view), if it exists.  Relative to
+   gitweb.cgi script.  [Default: indextext.html]
+ * GITWEB_SITE_HEADER
+   Filename of html text to include at top of each page.  Relative to
+   gitweb.cgi script.  [No default]
+ * GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER
+   Filename of html text to include at bottom of each page.  Relative to
+   gitweb.cgi script.  [No default]
+ * GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR
+   String of the home link on top of all pages, leading to $home_link
+   (usually main gitweb page, which means projects list).  Used as first
+   part of gitweb view "breadcrumb trail": <home> / <project> / <view>.
+   [Default: projects]
+ * GITWEB_SITENAME
+   Name of your site or organization to appear in page titles.  Set it
+   to something descriptive for clearer bookmarks etc.  If not set
+   (if empty) gitweb uses "$SERVER_NAME Git", or "Untitled Git" if
+   SERVER_NAME CGI environment variable is not set (e.g. if running
+   gitweb as standalone script).  [No default]
+ * GITWEB_BASE_URL
+   Git base URLs used for URL to where fetch project from, i.e. full
+   URL is "$git_base_url/$project".  Shown on projects summary page.
+   Repository URL for project can be also configured per repository; this
+   takes precedence over URLs composed from base URL and a project name.
+   Note that you can setup multiple base URLs (for example one for
+   git:// protocol access, another for http:// access) from the gitweb
+   config file.  [No default]
+ * GITWEB_CSS
+   Points to the location where you put gitweb.css on your web server
+   (or to be more generic, the URI of gitweb stylesheet).  Relative to the
+   base URI of gitweb.  Note that you can setup multiple stylesheets from
+   the gitweb config file.  [Default: gitweb.css]
+ * GITWEB_LOGO
+   Points to the location where you put git-logo.png on your web server
+   (or to be more generic URI of logo, 72x27 size, displayed in top right
+   corner of each gitweb page, and used as logo for Atom feed).  Relative
+   to base URI of gitweb.  [Default: git-logo.png]
+ * GITWEB_FAVICON
+   Points to the location where you put git-favicon.png on your web server
+   (or to be more generic URI of favicon, assumed to be image/png type;
+   web browsers that support favicons (website icons) may display them
+   in the browser's URL bar and next to site name in bookmarks).  Relative
+   to base URI of gitweb.  [Default: git-favicon.png]
+ * GITWEB_JS
+   Points to the localtion where you put gitweb.js on your web server
+   (or to be more generic URI of JavaScript code used by gitweb).
+   Relative to base URI of gitweb.  [Default: gitweb.js (or gitweb.min.js
+   if JSMIN build variable is defined / JavaScript minifier is used)]
+ * GITWEB_CONFIG
+   This Perl file will be loaded using 'do' and can be used to override any
+   of the options above as well as some other options -- see the "Runtime
+   gitweb configuration" section below, and top of 'gitweb.cgi' for their
+   full list and description.  If the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG
+   is set when gitweb.cgi is executed, then the file specified in the
+   environment variable will be loaded instead of the file specified
+   when gitweb.cgi was created.  [Default: gitweb_config.perl]
+ * GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM
+   This Perl file will be loaded using 'do' as a fallback if GITWEB_CONFIG
+   does not exist.  If the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM is set
+   when gitweb.cgi is executed, then the file specified in the environment
+   variable will be loaded instead of the file specified when gitweb.cgi was
+   created.  [Default: /etc/gitweb.conf]
+
+
+Runtime gitweb configuration
+----------------------------
+
+You can adjust gitweb behaviour using the file specified in `GITWEB_CONFIG`
+(defaults to 'gitweb_config.perl' in the same directory as the CGI), and
+as a fallback `GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM` (defaults to /etc/gitweb.conf).
+The most notable thing that is not configurable at compile time are the
+optional features, stored in the '%features' variable.
+
+Ultimate description on how to reconfigure the default features setting
+in your `GITWEB_CONFIG` or per-project in `project.git/config` can be found
+as comments inside 'gitweb.cgi'.
+
+See also the "Gitweb config file" (with an example of config file), and
+the "Gitweb repositories" sections in INSTALL file for gitweb.
+
+
+The gitweb config file is a fragment of perl code. You can set variables
+using "our $variable = value"; text from "#" character until the end
+of a line is ignored. See perlsyn(1) man page for details.
+
+Below is the list of variables which you might want to set in gitweb config.
+See the top of 'gitweb.cgi' for the full list of variables and their
+descriptions.
+
+Gitweb config file variables
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can set, among others, the following variables in gitweb config files
+(with the exception of $projectroot and $projects_list this list does
+not include variables usually directly set during build):
+ * $GIT
+   Core git executable to use.  By default set to "$GIT_BINDIR/git", which
+   in turn is by default set to "$(bindir)/git".  If you use git from binary
+   package, set this to "/usr/bin/git".  This can just be "git" if your
+   webserver has a sensible PATH.  If you have multiple git versions
+   installed it can be used to choose which one to use.
+ * $version
+   Gitweb version, set automatically when creating gitweb.cgi from
+   gitweb.perl. You might want to modify it if you are running modified
+   gitweb.
+ * $projectroot
+   Absolute filesystem path which will be prepended to project path;
+   the path to repository is $projectroot/$project.  Set to
+   $GITWEB_PROJECTROOT during installation.  This variable have to be
+   set correctly for gitweb to find repositories.
+ * $projects_list
+   Source of projects list, either directory to scan, or text file
+   with list of repositories (in the "<URI-encoded repository path> SP
+   <URI-encoded repository owner>" line format; actually there can be
+   any sequence of whitespace in place of space (SP)).  Set to
+   $GITWEB_LIST during installation.  If empty, $projectroot is used
+   to scan for repositories.
+ * $my_url, $my_uri
+   Full URL and absolute URL of gitweb script;
+   in earlier versions of gitweb you might have need to set those
+   variables, now there should be no need to do it.
+ * $base_url
+   Base URL for relative URLs in pages generated by gitweb,
+   (e.g. $logo, $favicon, @stylesheets if they are relative URLs),
+   needed and used only for URLs with nonempty PATH_INFO via
+   <base href="$base_url">.  Usually gitweb sets its value correctly,
+   and there is no need to set this variable, e.g. to $my_uri or "/".
+ * $home_link
+   Target of the home link on top of all pages (the first part of view
+   "breadcrumbs").  By default set to absolute URI of a page ($my_uri).
+ * @stylesheets
+   List of URIs of stylesheets (relative to base URI of a page). You
+   might specify more than one stylesheet, for example use gitweb.css
+   as base, with site specific modifications in separate stylesheet
+   to make it easier to upgrade gitweb. You can add 'site' stylesheet
+   for example by using
+      push @stylesheets, "gitweb-site.css";
+   in the gitweb config file.
+ * $logo_url, $logo_label
+   URI and label (title) of GIT logo link (or your site logo, if you choose
+   to use different logo image). By default they point to git homepage;
+   in the past they pointed to git documentation at www.kernel.org.
+ * $projects_list_description_width
+   The width (in characters) of the projects list "Description" column.
+   Longer descriptions will be cut (trying to cut at word boundary);
+   full description is available as 'title' attribute (usually shown on
+   mouseover).  By default set to 25, which might be too small if you
+   use long project descriptions.
+ * @git_base_url_list
+   List of git base URLs used for URL to where fetch project from, shown
+   in project summary page.  Full URL is "$git_base_url/$project".
+   You can setup multiple base URLs (for example one for  git:// protocol
+   access, and one for http:// "dumb" protocol access).  Note that per
+   repository configuration in 'cloneurl' file, or as values of gitweb.url
+   project config.
+ * $default_blob_plain_mimetype
+   Default mimetype for blob_plain (raw) view, if mimetype checking
+   doesn't result in some other type; by default 'text/plain'.
+ * $default_text_plain_charset
+   Default charset for text files. If not set, web server configuration
+   would be used.
+ * $mimetypes_file
+   File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before
+   trying /etc/mime.types. Path, if relative, is taken currently as
+   relative to the current git repository.
+ * $fallback_encoding
+   Gitweb assumes this charset if line contains non-UTF-8 characters.
+   Fallback decoding is used without error checking, so it can be even
+   'utf-8'. Value must be valid encoding; see Encoding::Supported(3pm) man
+   page for a list.   By default 'latin1', aka. 'iso-8859-1'.
+ * @diff_opts
+   Rename detection options for git-diff and git-diff-tree. By default
+   ('-M'); set it to ('-C') or ('-C', '-C') to also detect copies, or
+   set it to () if you don't want to have renames detection.
+ * $prevent_xss
+   If true, some gitweb features are disabled to prevent content in
+   repositories from launching cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.  Set this
+   to true if you don't trust the content of your repositories. The default
+   is false.
+ * $maxload
+   Used to set the maximum load that we will still respond to gitweb queries.
+   If server load exceed this value then return "503 Service Unavaliable" error.
+   Server load is taken to be 0 if gitweb cannot determine its value.  Set it to
+   undefined value to turn it off.  The default is 300.
+
+
+Projects list file format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Instead of having gitweb find repositories by scanning filesystem starting
+from $projectroot (or $projects_list, if it points to directory), you can
+provide list of projects by setting $projects_list to a text file with list
+of projects (and some additional info).  This file uses the following
+format:
+
+One record (for project / repository) per line, whitespace separated fields;
+does not support (at least for now) lines continuation (newline escaping).
+Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored, any run of whitespace can be
+used as field separator (rules for Perl's "split(' ', $line)").  Keyed by
+the first field, which is project name, i.e. path to repository GIT_DIR
+relative to $projectroot.  Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in
+RFC 3986, section 2.1 (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding"
+(see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding), the difference
+being that SP (' ') can be encoded as '+' (and therefore '+' has to be also
+percent-encoded).  Reserved characters are: '%' (used for encoding), '+'
+(can be used to encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl,
+including SP, TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).
+
+Currently list of fields is
+ * <repository path>  - path to repository GIT_DIR, relative to $projectroot
+ * <repository owner> - displayed as repository owner, preferably full name,
+                        or email, or both
+
+You can additionally use $projects_list file to limit which repositories
+are visible, and together with $strict_export to limit access to
+repositories (see "Gitweb repositories" section in gitweb/INSTALL).
+
+
+Per-repository gitweb configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You can also configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating
+file in the GIT_DIR of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
+variable (in GIT_DIR/config).
+
+You can use the following files in repository:
+ * README.html
+   A .html file (HTML fragment) which is included on the gitweb project
+   summary page inside <div> block element. You can use it for longer
+   description of a project, to provide links (for example to project's
+   homepage), etc. This is recognized only if XSS prevention is off
+   ($prevent_xss is false); a way to include a readme safely when XSS
+   prevention is on may be worked out in the future.
+ * description (or gitweb.description)
+   Short (shortened by default to 25 characters in the projects list page)
+   single line description of a project (of a repository). Plain text file;
+   HTML will be escaped. By default set to
+     Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.
+   from the template during repository creation. You can use the
+   gitweb.description repo configuration variable, but the file takes
+   precedence.
+ * cloneurl (or multiple-valued gitweb.url)
+   File with repository URL (used for clone and fetch), one per line.
+   Displayed in the project summary page. You can use multiple-valued
+   gitweb.url repository configuration variable for that, but the file
+   takes precedence.
+ * gitweb.owner
+   You can use the gitweb.owner repository configuration variable to set
+   repository's owner. It is displayed in the project list and summary
+   page. If it's not set, filesystem directory's owner is used
+   (via GECOS field / real name field from getpwiud(3)).
+ * various gitweb.* config variables (in config)
+   Read description of %feature hash for detailed list, and some
+   descriptions.
+
+
+Webserver configuration
+-----------------------
+
+If you want to have one URL for both gitweb and your http://
+repositories, you can configure apache like this:
+
+<VirtualHost *:80>
+    ServerName git.example.org
+    DocumentRoot /pub/git
+    SetEnv	GITWEB_CONFIG	/etc/gitweb.conf
+    RewriteEngine on
+    # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
+    RewriteRule ^/$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
+    # make access for "dumb clients" work
+    RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI}  [L,PT]
+</VirtualHost>
+
+The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
+/pub/git and will serve them as http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git,
+both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.
+If you then start your git-daemon with --base-path=/pub/git --export-all
+then you can even use the git:// URL with exactly the same path.
+
+Setting the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG will tell gitweb to use
+the named file (i.e. in this example /etc/gitweb.conf) as a
+configuration for gitweb.  Perl variables defined in here will
+override the defaults given at the head of the gitweb.perl (or
+gitweb.cgi).  Look at the comments in that file for information on
+which variables and what they mean.
+
+If you use the rewrite rules from the example you'll likely also need
+something like the following in your gitweb.conf (or gitweb_config.perl) file:
+
+  @stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css");
+  $my_uri = "/";
+  $home_link = "/";
+
+
+PATH_INFO usage
+-----------------------
+If you enable PATH_INFO usage in gitweb by putting
+
+   $feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];
+
+in your gitweb.conf, it is possible to set up your server so that it
+consumes and produces URLs in the form
+
+http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag
+
+by using a configuration such as the following, that assumes that
+/var/www/gitweb is the DocumentRoot of your webserver, and that it
+contains the gitweb.cgi script and complementary static files
+(stylesheet, favicon):
+
+<VirtualHost *:80>
+	ServerAlias git.example.com
+
+	DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
+
+	<Directory /var/www/gitweb>
+		Options ExecCGI
+		AddHandler cgi-script cgi
+
+		DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
+
+		RewriteEngine On
+		RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
+		RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
+		RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
+	</Directory>
+</VirtualHost>
+
+The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly
+served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO
+parameter.
+
+Notice that in this case you don't need special settings for
+@stylesheets, $my_uri and $home_link, but you lose "dumb client" access
+to your project .git dirs. A possible workaround for the latter is the
+following: in your project root dir (e.g. /pub/git) have the projects
+named without a .git extension (e.g. /pub/git/project instead of
+/pub/git/project.git) and configure Apache as follows:
+
+<VirtualHost *:80>
+	ServerAlias git.example.com
+
+	DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb
+
+	AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(\.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3
+	<Directory /var/www/gitweb>
+		Options ExecCGI
+		AddHandler cgi-script cgi
+
+		DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
+
+		RewriteEngine On
+		RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
+		RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
+		RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
+	</Directory>
+</VirtualHost>
+
+The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
+
+http://git.example.com/project.git
+
+will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can
+be cloned), while
+
+http://git.example.com/project
+
+will provide human-friendly gitweb access.
+
+This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some project
+has a named ref (branch, tag) starting with 'git/', then paths such as
+
+http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch
+
+will fail with a 404 error.
+
+
+
+Originally written by:
+  Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+
+Any comment/question/concern to:
+  Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org>
diff --git a/gitweb/git-favicon.png b/gitweb/git-favicon.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aae35a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/git-favicon.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/gitweb/git-logo.png b/gitweb/git-logo.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4ede2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/git-logo.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.css b/gitweb/gitweb.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50067f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.css
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+body {
+	font-family: sans-serif;
+	font-size: small;
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 1px;
+	margin: 10px;
+	background-color: #ffffff;
+	color: #000000;
+}
+
+a {
+	color: #0000cc;
+}
+
+a:hover, a:visited, a:active {
+	color: #880000;
+}
+
+span.cntrl {
+	border: dashed #aaaaaa;
+	border-width: 1px;
+	padding: 0px 2px 0px 2px;
+	margin:  0px 2px 0px 2px;
+}
+
+img.logo {
+	float: right;
+	border-width: 0px;
+}
+
+img.avatar {
+	vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+a.list img.avatar {
+	border-style: none;
+}
+
+div.page_header {
+	height: 25px;
+	padding: 8px;
+	font-size: 150%;
+	font-weight: bold;
+	background-color: #d9d8d1;
+}
+
+div.page_header a:visited, a.header {
+	color: #0000cc;
+}
+
+div.page_header a:hover {
+	color: #880000;
+}
+
+div.page_nav {
+	padding: 8px;
+}
+
+div.page_nav a:visited {
+	color: #0000cc;
+}
+
+div.page_path {
+	padding: 8px;
+	font-weight: bold;
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 0px 0px 1px;
+}
+
+div.page_footer {
+	height: 17px;
+	padding: 4px 8px;
+	background-color: #d9d8d1;
+}
+
+div.page_footer_text {
+	float: left;
+	color: #555555;
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+div#generating_info {
+	margin: 4px;
+	font-size: smaller;
+	text-align: center;
+	color: #505050;
+}
+
+div.page_body {
+	padding: 8px;
+	font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+div.title, a.title {
+	display: block;
+	padding: 6px 8px;
+	font-weight: bold;
+	background-color: #edece6;
+	text-decoration: none;
+	color: #000000;
+}
+
+div.readme {
+	padding: 8px;
+}
+
+a.title:hover {
+	background-color: #d9d8d1;
+}
+
+div.title_text {
+	padding: 6px 0px;
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 0px 0px 1px;
+	font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+div.log_body {
+	padding: 8px 8px 8px 150px;
+}
+
+span.age {
+	position: relative;
+	float: left;
+	width: 142px;
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.signoff {
+	color: #888888;
+}
+
+div.log_link {
+	padding: 0px 8px;
+	font-size: 70%;
+	font-family: sans-serif;
+	font-style: normal;
+	position: relative;
+	float: left;
+	width: 136px;
+}
+
+div.list_head {
+	padding: 6px 8px 4px;
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 1px 0px 0px;
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.author_date, .author {
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+div.author_date {
+	padding: 8px;
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px;
+}
+
+a.list {
+	text-decoration: none;
+	color: #000000;
+}
+
+a.subject, a.name {
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+table.tags a.subject {
+	font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+a.list:hover {
+	text-decoration: underline;
+	color: #880000;
+}
+
+a.text {
+	text-decoration: none;
+	color: #0000cc;
+}
+
+a.text:visited {
+	text-decoration: none;
+	color: #880000;
+}
+
+a.text:hover {
+	text-decoration: underline;
+	color: #880000;
+}
+
+table {
+	padding: 8px 4px;
+	border-spacing: 0;
+}
+
+table.diff_tree {
+	font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+table.combined.diff_tree th {
+	text-align: center;
+}
+
+table.combined.diff_tree td {
+	padding-right: 24px;
+}
+
+table.combined.diff_tree th.link,
+table.combined.diff_tree td.link {
+	padding: 0px 2px;
+}
+
+table.combined.diff_tree td.nochange a {
+	color: #6666ff;
+}
+
+table.combined.diff_tree td.nochange a:hover,
+table.combined.diff_tree td.nochange a:visited {
+	color: #d06666;
+}
+
+table.blame {
+	border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+
+table.blame td {
+	padding: 0px 5px;
+	font-size: 100%;
+	vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+th {
+	padding: 2px 5px;
+	font-size: 100%;
+	text-align: left;
+}
+
+/* do not change row style on hover for 'blame' view */
+tr.light,
+table.blame .light:hover {
+	background-color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+tr.dark,
+table.blame .dark:hover {
+	background-color: #f6f6f0;
+}
+
+/* currently both use the same, but it can change */
+tr.light:hover,
+tr.dark:hover {
+	background-color: #edece6;
+}
+
+/* boundary commits in 'blame' view */
+/* and commits without "previous" */
+tr.boundary td.sha1,
+tr.no-previous td.linenr {
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+/* for 'blame_incremental', during processing */
+tr.color1 { background-color: #f6fff6; }
+tr.color2 { background-color: #f6f6ff; }
+tr.color3 { background-color: #fff6f6; }
+
+td {
+	padding: 2px 5px;
+	font-size: 100%;
+	vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+td.link, td.selflink {
+	padding: 2px 5px;
+	font-family: sans-serif;
+	font-size: 70%;
+}
+
+td.selflink {
+	padding-right: 0px;
+}
+
+td.sha1 {
+	font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+.error {
+	color: red;
+	background-color: yellow;
+}
+
+td.current_head {
+	text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+table.diff_tree span.file_status.new {
+	color: #008000;
+}
+
+table.diff_tree span.file_status.deleted {
+	color: #c00000;
+}
+
+table.diff_tree span.file_status.moved,
+table.diff_tree span.file_status.mode_chnge {
+	color: #777777;
+}
+
+table.diff_tree span.file_status.copied {
+  color: #70a070;
+}
+
+/* noage: "No commits" */
+table.project_list td.noage {
+	color: #808080;
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* age2: 60*60*24*2 <= age */
+table.project_list td.age2, table.blame td.age2 {
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* age1: 60*60*2 <= age < 60*60*24*2 */
+table.project_list td.age1 {
+	color: #009900;
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+table.blame td.age1 {
+	color: #009900;
+	background: transparent;
+}
+
+/* age0: age < 60*60*2 */
+table.project_list td.age0 {
+	color: #009900;
+	font-style: italic;
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+table.blame td.age0 {
+	color: #009900;
+	background: transparent;
+	font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+td.pre, div.pre, div.diff {
+	font-family: monospace;
+	font-size: 12px;
+	white-space: pre;
+}
+
+td.mode {
+	font-family: monospace;
+}
+
+/* progress of blame_interactive */
+div#progress_bar {
+	height: 2px;
+	margin-bottom: -2px;
+	background-color: #d8d9d0;
+}
+div#progress_info {
+	float: right;
+	text-align: right;
+}
+
+/* format of (optional) objects size in 'tree' view */
+td.size {
+	font-family: monospace;
+	text-align: right;
+}
+
+/* styling of diffs (patchsets): commitdiff and blobdiff views */
+div.diff.header,
+div.diff.extended_header {
+	white-space: normal;
+}
+
+div.diff.header {
+	font-weight: bold;
+
+	background-color: #edece6;
+
+	margin-top: 4px;
+	padding: 4px 0px 2px 0px;
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 1px 0px 1px 0px;
+}
+
+div.diff.header a.path {
+	text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+div.diff.extended_header,
+div.diff.extended_header a.path,
+div.diff.extended_header a.hash {
+	color: #777777;
+}
+
+div.diff.extended_header .info {
+	color: #b0b0b0;
+}
+
+div.diff.extended_header {
+	background-color: #f6f5ee;
+	padding: 2px 0px 2px 0px;
+}
+
+div.diff a.list,
+div.diff a.path,
+div.diff a.hash {
+	text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+div.diff a.list:hover,
+div.diff a.path:hover,
+div.diff a.hash:hover {
+	text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+div.diff.to_file a.path,
+div.diff.to_file {
+	color: #007000;
+}
+
+div.diff.add {
+	color: #008800;
+}
+
+div.diff.from_file a.path,
+div.diff.from_file {
+	color: #aa0000;
+}
+
+div.diff.rem {
+	color: #cc0000;
+}
+
+div.diff.chunk_header a,
+div.diff.chunk_header {
+	color: #990099;
+}
+
+div.diff.chunk_header {
+	border: dotted #ffe0ff;
+	border-width: 1px 0px 0px 0px;
+	margin-top: 2px;
+}
+
+div.diff.chunk_header span.chunk_info {
+	background-color: #ffeeff;
+}
+
+div.diff.chunk_header span.section {
+	color: #aa22aa;
+}
+
+div.diff.incomplete {
+	color: #cccccc;
+}
+
+div.diff.nodifferences {
+	font-weight: bold;
+	color: #600000;
+}
+
+div.index_include {
+	border: solid #d9d8d1;
+	border-width: 0px 0px 1px;
+	padding: 12px 8px;
+}
+
+div.search {
+	font-size: 100%;
+	font-weight: normal;
+	margin: 4px 8px;
+	float: right;
+	top: 56px;
+	right: 12px
+}
+
+p.projsearch {
+	text-align: center;
+}
+
+td.linenr {
+	text-align: right;
+}
+
+a.linenr {
+	color: #999999;
+	text-decoration: none
+}
+
+a.rss_logo {
+	float: right;
+	padding: 3px 0px;
+	width: 35px;
+	line-height: 10px;
+	border: 1px solid;
+	border-color: #fcc7a5 #7d3302 #3e1a01 #ff954e;
+	color: #ffffff;
+	background-color: #ff6600;
+	font-weight: bold;
+	font-family: sans-serif;
+	font-size: 70%;
+	text-align: center;
+	text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.rss_logo:hover {
+	background-color: #ee5500;
+}
+
+a.rss_logo.generic {
+	background-color: #ff8800;
+}
+
+a.rss_logo.generic:hover {
+	background-color: #ee7700;
+}
+
+span.refs span {
+	padding: 0px 4px;
+	font-size: 70%;
+	font-weight: normal;
+	border: 1px solid;
+	background-color: #ffaaff;
+	border-color: #ffccff #ff00ee #ff00ee #ffccff;
+}
+
+span.refs span a {
+	text-decoration: none;
+	color: inherit;
+}
+
+span.refs span a:hover {
+	text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+span.refs span.indirect {
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+span.refs span.ref {
+	background-color: #aaaaff;
+	border-color: #ccccff #0033cc #0033cc #ccccff;
+}
+
+span.refs span.tag {
+	background-color: #ffffaa;
+	border-color: #ffffcc #ffee00 #ffee00 #ffffcc;
+}
+
+span.refs span.head {
+	background-color: #aaffaa;
+	border-color: #ccffcc #00cc33 #00cc33 #ccffcc;
+}
+
+span.atnight {
+	color: #cc0000;
+}
+
+span.match {
+	color: #e00000;
+}
+
+div.binary {
+	font-style: italic;
+}
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.js b/gitweb/gitweb.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c66928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.js
@@ -0,0 +1,875 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Fredrik Kuivinen <frekui@gmail.com>
+//               2007, Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
+//          2008-2009, Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com>
+
+/**
+ * @fileOverview JavaScript code for gitweb (git web interface).
+ * @license GPLv2 or later
+ */
+
+/* ============================================================ */
+/* functions for generic gitweb actions and views */
+
+/**
+ * used to check if link has 'js' query parameter already (at end),
+ * and other reasons to not add 'js=1' param at the end of link
+ * @constant
+ */
+var jsExceptionsRe = /[;?]js=[01]$/;
+
+/**
+ * Add '?js=1' or ';js=1' to the end of every link in the document
+ * that doesn't have 'js' query parameter set already.
+ *
+ * Links with 'js=1' lead to JavaScript version of given action, if it
+ * exists (currently there is only 'blame_incremental' for 'blame')
+ *
+ * @globals jsExceptionsRe
+ */
+function fixLinks() {
+	var allLinks = document.getElementsByTagName("a") || document.links;
+	for (var i = 0, len = allLinks.length; i < len; i++) {
+		var link = allLinks[i];
+		if (!jsExceptionsRe.test(link)) { // =~ /[;?]js=[01]$/;
+			link.href +=
+				(link.href.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : ';') + 'js=1';
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/* ============================================================ */
+
+/*
+ * This code uses DOM methods instead of (nonstandard) innerHTML
+ * to modify page.
+ *
+ * innerHTML is non-standard IE extension, though supported by most
+ * browsers; however Firefox up to version 1.5 didn't implement it in
+ * a strict mode (application/xml+xhtml mimetype).
+ *
+ * Also my simple benchmarks show that using elem.firstChild.data =
+ * 'content' is slightly faster than elem.innerHTML = 'content'.  It
+ * is however more fragile (text element fragment must exists), and
+ * less feature-rich (we cannot add HTML).
+ *
+ * Note that DOM 2 HTML is preferred over generic DOM 2 Core; the
+ * equivalent using DOM 2 Core is usually shown in comments.
+ */
+
+
+/* ============================================================ */
+/* generic utility functions */
+
+
+/**
+ * pad number N with nonbreakable spaces on the left, to WIDTH characters
+ * example: padLeftStr(12, 3, '\u00A0') == '\u00A012'
+ *          ('\u00A0' is nonbreakable space)
+ *
+ * @param {Number|String} input: number to pad
+ * @param {Number} width: visible width of output
+ * @param {String} str: string to prefix to string, e.g. '\u00A0'
+ * @returns {String} INPUT prefixed with (WIDTH - INPUT.length) x STR
+ */
+function padLeftStr(input, width, str) {
+	var prefix = '';
+
+	width -= input.toString().length;
+	while (width > 0) {
+		prefix += str;
+		width--;
+	}
+	return prefix + input;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pad INPUT on the left to SIZE width, using given padding character CH,
+ * for example padLeft('a', 3, '_') is '__a'.
+ *
+ * @param {String} input: input value converted to string.
+ * @param {Number} width: desired length of output.
+ * @param {String} ch: single character to prefix to string.
+ *
+ * @returns {String} Modified string, at least SIZE length.
+ */
+function padLeft(input, width, ch) {
+	var s = input + "";
+	while (s.length < width) {
+		s = ch + s;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create XMLHttpRequest object in cross-browser way
+ * @returns XMLHttpRequest object, or null
+ */
+function createRequestObject() {
+	try {
+		return new XMLHttpRequest();
+	} catch (e) {}
+	try {
+		return window.createRequest();
+	} catch (e) {}
+	try {
+		return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
+	} catch (e) {}
+	try {
+		return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+	} catch (e) {}
+
+	return null;
+}
+
+
+/* ============================================================ */
+/* utility/helper functions (and variables) */
+
+var xhr;        // XMLHttpRequest object
+var projectUrl; // partial query + separator ('?' or ';')
+
+// 'commits' is an associative map. It maps SHA1s to Commit objects.
+var commits = {};
+
+/**
+ * constructor for Commit objects, used in 'blame'
+ * @class Represents a blamed commit
+ * @param {String} sha1: SHA-1 identifier of a commit
+ */
+function Commit(sha1) {
+	if (this instanceof Commit) {
+		this.sha1 = sha1;
+		this.nprevious = 0; /* number of 'previous', effective parents */
+	} else {
+		return new Commit(sha1);
+	}
+}
+
+/* ............................................................ */
+/* progress info, timing, error reporting */
+
+var blamedLines = 0;
+var totalLines  = '???';
+var div_progress_bar;
+var div_progress_info;
+
+/**
+ * Detects how many lines does a blamed file have,
+ * This information is used in progress info
+ *
+ * @returns {Number|String} Number of lines in file, or string '...'
+ */
+function countLines() {
+	var table =
+		document.getElementById('blame_table') ||
+		document.getElementsByTagName('table')[0];
+
+	if (table) {
+		return table.getElementsByTagName('tr').length - 1; // for header
+	} else {
+		return '...';
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * update progress info and length (width) of progress bar
+ *
+ * @globals div_progress_info, div_progress_bar, blamedLines, totalLines
+ */
+function updateProgressInfo() {
+	if (!div_progress_info) {
+		div_progress_info = document.getElementById('progress_info');
+	}
+	if (!div_progress_bar) {
+		div_progress_bar = document.getElementById('progress_bar');
+	}
+	if (!div_progress_info && !div_progress_bar) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	var percentage = Math.floor(100.0*blamedLines/totalLines);
+
+	if (div_progress_info) {
+		div_progress_info.firstChild.data  = blamedLines + ' / ' + totalLines +
+			' (' + padLeftStr(percentage, 3, '\u00A0') + '%)';
+	}
+
+	if (div_progress_bar) {
+		//div_progress_bar.setAttribute('style', 'width: '+percentage+'%;');
+		div_progress_bar.style.width = percentage + '%';
+	}
+}
+
+
+var t_interval_server = '';
+var cmds_server = '';
+var t0 = new Date();
+
+/**
+ * write how much it took to generate data, and to run script
+ *
+ * @globals t0, t_interval_server, cmds_server
+ */
+function writeTimeInterval() {
+	var info_time = document.getElementById('generating_time');
+	if (!info_time || !t_interval_server) {
+		return;
+	}
+	var t1 = new Date();
+	info_time.firstChild.data += ' + (' +
+		t_interval_server + ' sec server blame_data / ' +
+		(t1.getTime() - t0.getTime())/1000 + ' sec client JavaScript)';
+
+	var info_cmds = document.getElementById('generating_cmd');
+	if (!info_time || !cmds_server) {
+		return;
+	}
+	info_cmds.firstChild.data += ' + ' + cmds_server;
+}
+
+/**
+ * show an error message alert to user within page (in prohress info area)
+ * @param {String} str: plain text error message (no HTML)
+ *
+ * @globals div_progress_info
+ */
+function errorInfo(str) {
+	if (!div_progress_info) {
+		div_progress_info = document.getElementById('progress_info');
+	}
+	if (div_progress_info) {
+		div_progress_info.className = 'error';
+		div_progress_info.firstChild.data = str;
+	}
+}
+
+/* ............................................................ */
+/* coloring rows during blame_data (git blame --incremental) run */
+
+/**
+ * used to extract N from 'colorN', where N is a number,
+ * @constant
+ */
+var colorRe = /\bcolor([0-9]*)\b/;
+
+/**
+ * return N if <tr class="colorN">, otherwise return null
+ * (some browsers require CSS class names to begin with letter)
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLElement} tr: table row element to check
+ * @param {String} tr.className: 'class' attribute of tr element
+ * @returns {Number|null} N if tr.className == 'colorN', otherwise null
+ *
+ * @globals colorRe
+ */
+function getColorNo(tr) {
+	if (!tr) {
+		return null;
+	}
+	var className = tr.className;
+	if (className) {
+		var match = colorRe.exec(className);
+		if (match) {
+			return parseInt(match[1], 10);
+		}
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+var colorsFreq = [0, 0, 0];
+/**
+ * return one of given possible colors (curently least used one)
+ * example: chooseColorNoFrom(2, 3) returns 2 or 3
+ *
+ * @param {Number[]} arguments: one or more numbers
+ *        assumes that  1 <= arguments[i] <= colorsFreq.length
+ * @returns {Number} Least used color number from arguments
+ * @globals colorsFreq
+ */
+function chooseColorNoFrom() {
+	// choose the color which is least used
+	var colorNo = arguments[0];
+	for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+		if (colorsFreq[arguments[i]-1] < colorsFreq[colorNo-1]) {
+			colorNo = arguments[i];
+		}
+	}
+	colorsFreq[colorNo-1]++;
+	return colorNo;
+}
+
+/**
+ * given two neigbour <tr> elements, find color which would be different
+ * from color of both of neighbours; used to 3-color blame table
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLElement} tr_prev
+ * @param {HTMLElement} tr_next
+ * @returns {Number} color number N such that
+ * colorN != tr_prev.className && colorN != tr_next.className
+ */
+function findColorNo(tr_prev, tr_next) {
+	var color_prev = getColorNo(tr_prev);
+	var color_next = getColorNo(tr_next);
+
+
+	// neither of neighbours has color set
+	// THEN we can use any of 3 possible colors
+	if (!color_prev && !color_next) {
+		return chooseColorNoFrom(1,2,3);
+	}
+
+	// either both neighbours have the same color,
+	// or only one of neighbours have color set
+	// THEN we can use any color except given
+	var color;
+	if (color_prev === color_next) {
+		color = color_prev; // = color_next;
+	} else if (!color_prev) {
+		color = color_next;
+	} else if (!color_next) {
+		color = color_prev;
+	}
+	if (color) {
+		return chooseColorNoFrom((color % 3) + 1, ((color+1) % 3) + 1);
+	}
+
+	// neighbours have different colors
+	// THEN there is only one color left
+	return (3 - ((color_prev + color_next) % 3));
+}
+
+/* ............................................................ */
+/* coloring rows like 'blame' after 'blame_data' finishes */
+
+/**
+ * returns true if given row element (tr) is first in commit group
+ * to be used only after 'blame_data' finishes (after processing)
+ *
+ * @param {HTMLElement} tr: table row
+ * @returns {Boolean} true if TR is first in commit group
+ */
+function isStartOfGroup(tr) {
+	return tr.firstChild.className === 'sha1';
+}
+
+/**
+ * change colors to use zebra coloring (2 colors) instead of 3 colors
+ * concatenate neighbour commit groups belonging to the same commit
+ *
+ * @globals colorRe
+ */
+function fixColorsAndGroups() {
+	var colorClasses = ['light', 'dark'];
+	var linenum = 1;
+	var tr, prev_group;
+	var colorClass = 0;
+	var table =
+		document.getElementById('blame_table') ||
+		document.getElementsByTagName('table')[0];
+
+	while ((tr = document.getElementById('l'+linenum))) {
+	// index origin is 0, which is table header; start from 1
+	//while ((tr = table.rows[linenum])) { // <- it is slower
+		if (isStartOfGroup(tr, linenum, document)) {
+			if (prev_group &&
+			    prev_group.firstChild.firstChild.href ===
+			            tr.firstChild.firstChild.href) {
+				// we have to concatenate groups
+				var prev_rows = prev_group.firstChild.rowSpan || 1;
+				var curr_rows =         tr.firstChild.rowSpan || 1;
+				prev_group.firstChild.rowSpan = prev_rows + curr_rows;
+				//tr.removeChild(tr.firstChild);
+				tr.deleteCell(0); // DOM2 HTML way
+			} else {
+				colorClass = (colorClass + 1) % 2;
+				prev_group = tr;
+			}
+		}
+		var tr_class = tr.className;
+		tr.className = tr_class.replace(colorRe, colorClasses[colorClass]);
+		linenum++;
+	}
+}
+
+/* ............................................................ */
+/* time and data */
+
+/**
+ * used to extract hours and minutes from timezone info, e.g '-0900'
+ * @constant
+ */
+var tzRe = /^([+-][0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])$/;
+
+/**
+ * return date in local time formatted in iso-8601 like format
+ * 'yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS +/-ZZZZ' e.g. '2005-08-07 21:49:46 +0200'
+ *
+ * @param {Number} epoch: seconds since '00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC'
+ * @param {String} timezoneInfo: numeric timezone '(+|-)HHMM'
+ * @returns {String} date in local time in iso-8601 like format
+ *
+ * @globals tzRe
+ */
+function formatDateISOLocal(epoch, timezoneInfo) {
+	var match = tzRe.exec(timezoneInfo);
+	// date corrected by timezone
+	var localDate = new Date(1000 * (epoch +
+		(parseInt(match[1],10)*3600 + parseInt(match[2],10)*60)));
+	var localDateStr = // e.g. '2005-08-07'
+		localDate.getUTCFullYear()                 + '-' +
+		padLeft(localDate.getUTCMonth()+1, 2, '0') + '-' +
+		padLeft(localDate.getUTCDate(),    2, '0');
+	var localTimeStr = // e.g. '21:49:46'
+		padLeft(localDate.getUTCHours(),   2, '0') + ':' +
+		padLeft(localDate.getUTCMinutes(), 2, '0') + ':' +
+		padLeft(localDate.getUTCSeconds(), 2, '0');
+
+	return localDateStr + ' ' + localTimeStr + ' ' + timezoneInfo;
+}
+
+/* ............................................................ */
+/* unquoting/unescaping filenames */
+
+/**#@+
+ * @constant
+ */
+var escCodeRe = /\\([^0-7]|[0-7]{1,3})/g;
+var octEscRe = /^[0-7]{1,3}$/;
+var maybeQuotedRe = /^\"(.*)\"$/;
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * unquote maybe git-quoted filename
+ * e.g. 'aa' -> 'aa', '"a\ta"' -> 'a	a'
+ *
+ * @param {String} str: git-quoted string
+ * @returns {String} Unquoted and unescaped string
+ *
+ * @globals escCodeRe, octEscRe, maybeQuotedRe
+ */
+function unquote(str) {
+	function unq(seq) {
+		var es = {
+			// character escape codes, aka escape sequences (from C)
+			// replacements are to some extent JavaScript specific
+			t: "\t",   // tab            (HT, TAB)
+			n: "\n",   // newline        (NL)
+			r: "\r",   // return         (CR)
+			f: "\f",   // form feed      (FF)
+			b: "\b",   // backspace      (BS)
+			a: "\x07", // alarm (bell)   (BEL)
+			e: "\x1B", // escape         (ESC)
+			v: "\v"    // vertical tab   (VT)
+		};
+
+		if (seq.search(octEscRe) !== -1) {
+			// octal char sequence
+			return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(seq, 8));
+		} else if (seq in es) {
+			// C escape sequence, aka character escape code
+			return es[seq];
+		}
+		// quoted ordinary character
+		return seq;
+	}
+
+	var match = str.match(maybeQuotedRe);
+	if (match) {
+		str = match[1];
+		// perhaps str = eval('"'+str+'"'); would be enough?
+		str = str.replace(escCodeRe,
+			function (substr, p1, offset, s) { return unq(p1); });
+	}
+	return str;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================ */
+/* main part: parsing response */
+
+/**
+ * Function called for each blame entry, as soon as it finishes.
+ * It updates page via DOM manipulation, adding sha1 info, etc.
+ *
+ * @param {Commit} commit: blamed commit
+ * @param {Object} group: object representing group of lines,
+ *                        which blame the same commit (blame entry)
+ *
+ * @globals blamedLines
+ */
+function handleLine(commit, group) {
+	/*
+	   This is the structure of the HTML fragment we are working
+	   with:
+
+	   <tr id="l123" class="">
+	     <td class="sha1" title=""><a href=""> </a></td>
+	     <td class="linenr"><a class="linenr" href="">123</a></td>
+	     <td class="pre"># times (my ext3 doesn&#39;t).</td>
+	   </tr>
+	*/
+
+	var resline = group.resline;
+
+	// format date and time string only once per commit
+	if (!commit.info) {
+		/* e.g. 'Kay Sievers, 2005-08-07 21:49:46 +0200' */
+		commit.info = commit.author + ', ' +
+			formatDateISOLocal(commit.authorTime, commit.authorTimezone);
+	}
+
+	// color depends on group of lines, not only on blamed commit
+	var colorNo = findColorNo(
+		document.getElementById('l'+(resline-1)),
+		document.getElementById('l'+(resline+group.numlines))
+	);
+
+	// loop over lines in commit group
+	for (var i = 0; i < group.numlines; i++, resline++) {
+		var tr = document.getElementById('l'+resline);
+		if (!tr) {
+			break;
+		}
+		/*
+			<tr id="l123" class="">
+			  <td class="sha1" title=""><a href=""> </a></td>
+			  <td class="linenr"><a class="linenr" href="">123</a></td>
+			  <td class="pre"># times (my ext3 doesn&#39;t).</td>
+			</tr>
+		*/
+		var td_sha1  = tr.firstChild;
+		var a_sha1   = td_sha1.firstChild;
+		var a_linenr = td_sha1.nextSibling.firstChild;
+
+		/* <tr id="l123" class=""> */
+		var tr_class = '';
+		if (colorNo !== null) {
+			tr_class = 'color'+colorNo;
+		}
+		if (commit.boundary) {
+			tr_class += ' boundary';
+		}
+		if (commit.nprevious === 0) {
+			tr_class += ' no-previous';
+		} else if (commit.nprevious > 1) {
+			tr_class += ' multiple-previous';
+		}
+		tr.className = tr_class;
+
+		/* <td class="sha1" title="?" rowspan="?"><a href="?">?</a></td> */
+		if (i === 0) {
+			td_sha1.title = commit.info;
+			td_sha1.rowSpan = group.numlines;
+
+			a_sha1.href = projectUrl + 'a=commit;h=' + commit.sha1;
+			if (a_sha1.firstChild) {
+				a_sha1.firstChild.data = commit.sha1.substr(0, 8);
+			} else {
+				a_sha1.appendChild(
+					document.createTextNode(commit.sha1.substr(0, 8)));
+			}
+			if (group.numlines >= 2) {
+				var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+				var br   = document.createElement("br");
+				var match = commit.author.match(/\b([A-Z])\B/g);
+				if (match) {
+					var text = document.createTextNode(
+							match.join(''));
+				}
+				if (br && text) {
+					var elem = fragment || td_sha1;
+					elem.appendChild(br);
+					elem.appendChild(text);
+					if (fragment) {
+						td_sha1.appendChild(fragment);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			//tr.removeChild(td_sha1); // DOM2 Core way
+			tr.deleteCell(0); // DOM2 HTML way
+		}
+
+		/* <td class="linenr"><a class="linenr" href="?">123</a></td> */
+		var linenr_commit =
+			('previous' in commit ? commit.previous : commit.sha1);
+		var linenr_filename =
+			('file_parent' in commit ? commit.file_parent : commit.filename);
+		a_linenr.href = projectUrl + 'a=blame_incremental' +
+			';hb=' + linenr_commit +
+			';f='  + encodeURIComponent(linenr_filename) +
+			'#l' + (group.srcline + i);
+
+		blamedLines++;
+
+		//updateProgressInfo();
+	}
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+var inProgress = false;   // are we processing response
+
+/**#@+
+ * @constant
+ */
+var sha1Re = /^([0-9a-f]{40}) ([0-9]+) ([0-9]+) ([0-9]+)/;
+var infoRe = /^([a-z-]+) ?(.*)/;
+var endRe  = /^END ?([^ ]*) ?(.*)/;
+/**@-*/
+
+var curCommit = new Commit();
+var curGroup  = {};
+
+var pollTimer = null;
+
+/**
+ * Parse output from 'git blame --incremental [...]', received via
+ * XMLHttpRequest from server (blamedataUrl), and call handleLine
+ * (which updates page) as soon as blame entry is completed.
+ *
+ * @param {String[]} lines: new complete lines from blamedata server
+ *
+ * @globals commits, curCommit, curGroup, t_interval_server, cmds_server
+ * @globals sha1Re, infoRe, endRe
+ */
+function processBlameLines(lines) {
+	var match;
+
+	for (var i = 0, len = lines.length; i < len; i++) {
+
+		if ((match = sha1Re.exec(lines[i]))) {
+			var sha1 = match[1];
+			var srcline  = parseInt(match[2], 10);
+			var resline  = parseInt(match[3], 10);
+			var numlines = parseInt(match[4], 10);
+
+			var c = commits[sha1];
+			if (!c) {
+				c = new Commit(sha1);
+				commits[sha1] = c;
+			}
+			curCommit = c;
+
+			curGroup.srcline = srcline;
+			curGroup.resline = resline;
+			curGroup.numlines = numlines;
+
+		} else if ((match = infoRe.exec(lines[i]))) {
+			var info = match[1];
+			var data = match[2];
+			switch (info) {
+			case 'filename':
+				curCommit.filename = unquote(data);
+				// 'filename' information terminates the entry
+				handleLine(curCommit, curGroup);
+				updateProgressInfo();
+				break;
+			case 'author':
+				curCommit.author = data;
+				break;
+			case 'author-time':
+				curCommit.authorTime = parseInt(data, 10);
+				break;
+			case 'author-tz':
+				curCommit.authorTimezone = data;
+				break;
+			case 'previous':
+				curCommit.nprevious++;
+				// store only first 'previous' header
+				if (!'previous' in curCommit) {
+					var parts = data.split(' ', 2);
+					curCommit.previous    = parts[0];
+					curCommit.file_parent = unquote(parts[1]);
+				}
+				break;
+			case 'boundary':
+				curCommit.boundary = true;
+				break;
+			} // end switch
+
+		} else if ((match = endRe.exec(lines[i]))) {
+			t_interval_server = match[1];
+			cmds_server = match[2];
+
+		} else if (lines[i] !== '') {
+			// malformed line
+
+		} // end if (match)
+
+	} // end for (lines)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Process new data and return pointer to end of processed part
+ *
+ * @param {String} unprocessed: new data (from nextReadPos)
+ * @param {Number} nextReadPos: end of last processed data
+ * @return {Number} end of processed data (new value for nextReadPos)
+ */
+function processData(unprocessed, nextReadPos) {
+	var lastLineEnd = unprocessed.lastIndexOf('\n');
+	if (lastLineEnd !== -1) {
+		var lines = unprocessed.substring(0, lastLineEnd).split('\n');
+		nextReadPos += lastLineEnd + 1 /* 1 == '\n'.length */;
+
+		processBlameLines(lines);
+	} // end if
+
+	return nextReadPos;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle XMLHttpRequest errors
+ *
+ * @param {XMLHttpRequest} xhr: XMLHttpRequest object
+ *
+ * @globals pollTimer, commits, inProgress
+ */
+function handleError(xhr) {
+	errorInfo('Server error: ' +
+		xhr.status + ' - ' + (xhr.statusText || 'Error contacting server'));
+
+	clearInterval(pollTimer);
+	commits = {}; // free memory
+
+	inProgress = false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Called after XMLHttpRequest finishes (loads)
+ *
+ * @param {XMLHttpRequest} xhr: XMLHttpRequest object (unused)
+ *
+ * @globals pollTimer, commits, inProgress
+ */
+function responseLoaded(xhr) {
+	clearInterval(pollTimer);
+
+	fixColorsAndGroups();
+	writeTimeInterval();
+	commits = {}; // free memory
+
+	inProgress = false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * handler for XMLHttpRequest onreadystatechange event
+ * @see startBlame
+ *
+ * @globals xhr, inProgress
+ */
+function handleResponse() {
+
+	/*
+	 * xhr.readyState
+	 *
+	 *  Value  Constant (W3C)    Description
+	 *  -------------------------------------------------------------------
+	 *  0      UNSENT            open() has not been called yet.
+	 *  1      OPENED            send() has not been called yet.
+	 *  2      HEADERS_RECEIVED  send() has been called, and headers
+	 *                           and status are available.
+	 *  3      LOADING           Downloading; responseText holds partial data.
+	 *  4      DONE              The operation is complete.
+	 */
+
+	if (xhr.readyState !== 4 && xhr.readyState !== 3) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// the server returned error
+	// try ... catch block is to work around bug in IE8
+	try {
+		if (xhr.readyState === 3 && xhr.status !== 200) {
+			return;
+		}
+	} catch (e) {
+		return;
+	}
+	if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status !== 200) {
+		handleError(xhr);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// In konqueror xhr.responseText is sometimes null here...
+	if (xhr.responseText === null) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// in case we were called before finished processing
+	if (inProgress) {
+		return;
+	} else {
+		inProgress = true;
+	}
+
+	// extract new whole (complete) lines, and process them
+	while (xhr.prevDataLength !== xhr.responseText.length) {
+		if (xhr.readyState === 4 &&
+		    xhr.prevDataLength === xhr.responseText.length) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		xhr.prevDataLength = xhr.responseText.length;
+		var unprocessed = xhr.responseText.substring(xhr.nextReadPos);
+		xhr.nextReadPos = processData(unprocessed, xhr.nextReadPos);
+	} // end while
+
+	// did we finish work?
+	if (xhr.readyState === 4 &&
+	    xhr.prevDataLength === xhr.responseText.length) {
+		responseLoaded(xhr);
+	}
+
+	inProgress = false;
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Incrementally update line data in blame_incremental view in gitweb.
+ *
+ * @param {String} blamedataUrl: URL to server script generating blame data.
+ * @param {String} bUrl: partial URL to project, used to generate links.
+ *
+ * Called from 'blame_incremental' view after loading table with
+ * file contents, a base for blame view.
+ *
+ * @globals xhr, t0, projectUrl, div_progress_bar, totalLines, pollTimer
+*/
+function startBlame(blamedataUrl, bUrl) {
+
+	xhr = createRequestObject();
+	if (!xhr) {
+		errorInfo('ERROR: XMLHttpRequest not supported');
+		return;
+	}
+
+	t0 = new Date();
+	projectUrl = bUrl + (bUrl.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : ';');
+	if ((div_progress_bar = document.getElementById('progress_bar'))) {
+		//div_progress_bar.setAttribute('style', 'width: 100%;');
+		div_progress_bar.style.cssText = 'width: 100%;';
+	}
+	totalLines = countLines();
+	updateProgressInfo();
+
+	/* add extra properties to xhr object to help processing response */
+	xhr.prevDataLength = -1;  // used to detect if we have new data
+	xhr.nextReadPos = 0;      // where unread part of response starts
+
+	xhr.onreadystatechange = handleResponse;
+	//xhr.onreadystatechange = function () { handleResponse(xhr); };
+
+	xhr.open('GET', blamedataUrl);
+	xhr.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'text/plain');
+	xhr.send(null);
+
+	// not all browsers call onreadystatechange event on each server flush
+	// poll response using timer every second to handle this issue
+	pollTimer = setInterval(xhr.onreadystatechange, 1000);
+}
+
+// end of gitweb.js
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1f6978a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,6787 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# gitweb - simple web interface to track changes in git repositories
+#
+# (C) 2005-2006, Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+# (C) 2005, Christian Gierke
+#
+# This program is licensed under the GPLv2
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use CGI qw(:standard :escapeHTML -nosticky);
+use CGI::Util qw(unescape);
+use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
+use Encode;
+use Fcntl ':mode';
+use File::Find qw();
+use File::Basename qw(basename);
+binmode STDOUT, ':utf8';
+
+our $t0;
+if (eval { require Time::HiRes; 1; }) {
+	$t0 = [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()];
+}
+our $number_of_git_cmds = 0;
+
+BEGIN {
+	CGI->compile() if $ENV{'MOD_PERL'};
+}
+
+our $cgi = new CGI;
+our $version = "++GIT_VERSION++";
+our $my_url = $cgi->url();
+our $my_uri = $cgi->url(-absolute => 1);
+
+# Base URL for relative URLs in gitweb ($logo, $favicon, ...),
+# needed and used only for URLs with nonempty PATH_INFO
+our $base_url = $my_url;
+
+# When the script is used as DirectoryIndex, the URL does not contain the name
+# of the script file itself, and $cgi->url() fails to strip PATH_INFO, so we
+# have to do it ourselves. We make $path_info global because it's also used
+# later on.
+#
+# Another issue with the script being the DirectoryIndex is that the resulting
+# $my_url data is not the full script URL: this is good, because we want
+# generated links to keep implying the script name if it wasn't explicitly
+# indicated in the URL we're handling, but it means that $my_url cannot be used
+# as base URL.
+# Therefore, if we needed to strip PATH_INFO, then we know that we have
+# to build the base URL ourselves:
+our $path_info = $ENV{"PATH_INFO"};
+if ($path_info) {
+	if ($my_url =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
+	    $my_uri =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
+	    defined $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'}) {
+		$base_url = $cgi->url(-base => 1) . $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'};
+	}
+}
+
+# core git executable to use
+# this can just be "git" if your webserver has a sensible PATH
+our $GIT = "++GIT_BINDIR++/git";
+
+# absolute fs-path which will be prepended to the project path
+#our $projectroot = "/pub/scm";
+our $projectroot = "++GITWEB_PROJECTROOT++";
+
+# fs traversing limit for getting project list
+# the number is relative to the projectroot
+our $project_maxdepth = "++GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH++";
+
+# target of the home link on top of all pages
+our $home_link = $my_uri || "/";
+
+# string of the home link on top of all pages
+our $home_link_str = "++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++";
+
+# name of your site or organization to appear in page titles
+# replace this with something more descriptive for clearer bookmarks
+our $site_name = "++GITWEB_SITENAME++"
+                 || ($ENV{'SERVER_NAME'} || "Untitled") . " Git";
+
+# filename of html text to include at top of each page
+our $site_header = "++GITWEB_SITE_HEADER++";
+# html text to include at home page
+our $home_text = "++GITWEB_HOMETEXT++";
+# filename of html text to include at bottom of each page
+our $site_footer = "++GITWEB_SITE_FOOTER++";
+
+# URI of stylesheets
+our @stylesheets = ("++GITWEB_CSS++");
+# URI of a single stylesheet, which can be overridden in GITWEB_CONFIG.
+our $stylesheet = undef;
+# URI of GIT logo (72x27 size)
+our $logo = "++GITWEB_LOGO++";
+# URI of GIT favicon, assumed to be image/png type
+our $favicon = "++GITWEB_FAVICON++";
+# URI of gitweb.js (JavaScript code for gitweb)
+our $javascript = "++GITWEB_JS++";
+
+# URI and label (title) of GIT logo link
+#our $logo_url = "http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/";
+#our $logo_label = "git documentation";
+our $logo_url = "http://git-scm.com/";
+our $logo_label = "git homepage";
+
+# source of projects list
+our $projects_list = "++GITWEB_LIST++";
+
+# the width (in characters) of the projects list "Description" column
+our $projects_list_description_width = 25;
+
+# default order of projects list
+# valid values are none, project, descr, owner, and age
+our $default_projects_order = "project";
+
+# show repository only if this file exists
+# (only effective if this variable evaluates to true)
+our $export_ok = "++GITWEB_EXPORT_OK++";
+
+# show repository only if this subroutine returns true
+# when given the path to the project, for example:
+#    sub { return -e "$_[0]/git-daemon-export-ok"; }
+our $export_auth_hook = undef;
+
+# only allow viewing of repositories also shown on the overview page
+our $strict_export = "++GITWEB_STRICT_EXPORT++";
+
+# list of git base URLs used for URL to where fetch project from,
+# i.e. full URL is "$git_base_url/$project"
+our @git_base_url_list = grep { $_ ne '' } ("++GITWEB_BASE_URL++");
+
+# default blob_plain mimetype and default charset for text/plain blob
+our $default_blob_plain_mimetype = 'text/plain';
+our $default_text_plain_charset  = undef;
+
+# file to use for guessing MIME types before trying /etc/mime.types
+# (relative to the current git repository)
+our $mimetypes_file = undef;
+
+# assume this charset if line contains non-UTF-8 characters;
+# it should be valid encoding (see Encoding::Supported(3pm) for list),
+# for which encoding all byte sequences are valid, for example
+# 'iso-8859-1' aka 'latin1' (it is decoded without checking, so it
+# could be even 'utf-8' for the old behavior)
+our $fallback_encoding = 'latin1';
+
+# rename detection options for git-diff and git-diff-tree
+# - default is '-M', with the cost proportional to
+#   (number of removed files) * (number of new files).
+# - more costly is '-C' (which implies '-M'), with the cost proportional to
+#   (number of changed files + number of removed files) * (number of new files)
+# - even more costly is '-C', '--find-copies-harder' with cost
+#   (number of files in the original tree) * (number of new files)
+# - one might want to include '-B' option, e.g. '-B', '-M'
+our @diff_opts = ('-M'); # taken from git_commit
+
+# Disables features that would allow repository owners to inject script into
+# the gitweb domain.
+our $prevent_xss = 0;
+
+# information about snapshot formats that gitweb is capable of serving
+our %known_snapshot_formats = (
+	# name => {
+	# 	'display' => display name,
+	# 	'type' => mime type,
+	# 	'suffix' => filename suffix,
+	# 	'format' => --format for git-archive,
+	# 	'compressor' => [compressor command and arguments]
+	# 	                (array reference, optional)
+	# 	'disabled' => boolean (optional)}
+	#
+	'tgz' => {
+		'display' => 'tar.gz',
+		'type' => 'application/x-gzip',
+		'suffix' => '.tar.gz',
+		'format' => 'tar',
+		'compressor' => ['gzip']},
+
+	'tbz2' => {
+		'display' => 'tar.bz2',
+		'type' => 'application/x-bzip2',
+		'suffix' => '.tar.bz2',
+		'format' => 'tar',
+		'compressor' => ['bzip2']},
+
+	'txz' => {
+		'display' => 'tar.xz',
+		'type' => 'application/x-xz',
+		'suffix' => '.tar.xz',
+		'format' => 'tar',
+		'compressor' => ['xz'],
+		'disabled' => 1},
+
+	'zip' => {
+		'display' => 'zip',
+		'type' => 'application/x-zip',
+		'suffix' => '.zip',
+		'format' => 'zip'},
+);
+
+# Aliases so we understand old gitweb.snapshot values in repository
+# configuration.
+our %known_snapshot_format_aliases = (
+	'gzip'  => 'tgz',
+	'bzip2' => 'tbz2',
+	'xz'    => 'txz',
+
+	# backward compatibility: legacy gitweb config support
+	'x-gzip' => undef, 'gz' => undef,
+	'x-bzip2' => undef, 'bz2' => undef,
+	'x-zip' => undef, '' => undef,
+);
+
+# Pixel sizes for icons and avatars. If the default font sizes or lineheights
+# are changed, it may be appropriate to change these values too via
+# $GITWEB_CONFIG.
+our %avatar_size = (
+	'default' => 16,
+	'double'  => 32
+);
+
+# Used to set the maximum load that we will still respond to gitweb queries.
+# If server load exceed this value then return "503 server busy" error.
+# If gitweb cannot determined server load, it is taken to be 0.
+# Leave it undefined (or set to 'undef') to turn off load checking.
+our $maxload = 300;
+
+# You define site-wide feature defaults here; override them with
+# $GITWEB_CONFIG as necessary.
+our %feature = (
+	# feature => {
+	# 	'sub' => feature-sub (subroutine),
+	# 	'override' => allow-override (boolean),
+	# 	'default' => [ default options...] (array reference)}
+	#
+	# if feature is overridable (it means that allow-override has true value),
+	# then feature-sub will be called with default options as parameters;
+	# return value of feature-sub indicates if to enable specified feature
+	#
+	# if there is no 'sub' key (no feature-sub), then feature cannot be
+	# overriden
+	#
+	# use gitweb_get_feature(<feature>) to retrieve the <feature> value
+	# (an array) or gitweb_check_feature(<feature>) to check if <feature>
+	# is enabled
+
+	# Enable the 'blame' blob view, showing the last commit that modified
+	# each line in the file. This can be very CPU-intensive.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'blame'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.blame = 0|1;
+	'blame' => {
+		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('blame', @_) },
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Enable the 'snapshot' link, providing a compressed archive of any
+	# tree. This can potentially generate high traffic if you have large
+	# project.
+
+	# Value is a list of formats defined in %known_snapshot_formats that
+	# you wish to offer.
+	# To disable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'snapshot'}{'default'} = [];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config, a comma-separated list of formats or "none"
+	# to disable.  Example: gitweb.snapshot = tbz2,zip;
+	'snapshot' => {
+		'sub' => \&feature_snapshot,
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => ['tgz']},
+
+	# Enable text search, which will list the commits which match author,
+	# committer or commit text to a given string.  Enabled by default.
+	# Project specific override is not supported.
+	'search' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [1]},
+
+	# Enable grep search, which will list the files in currently selected
+	# tree containing the given string. Enabled by default. This can be
+	# potentially CPU-intensive, of course.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'grep'}{'default'} = [1];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'grep'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.grep = 0|1;
+	'grep' => {
+		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('grep', @_) },
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [1]},
+
+	# Enable the pickaxe search, which will list the commits that modified
+	# a given string in a file. This can be practical and quite faster
+	# alternative to 'blame', but still potentially CPU-intensive.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'pickaxe'}{'default'} = [1];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'pickaxe'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.pickaxe = 0|1;
+	'pickaxe' => {
+		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('pickaxe', @_) },
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [1]},
+
+	# Enable showing size of blobs in a 'tree' view, in a separate
+	# column, similar to what 'ls -l' does.  This cost a bit of IO.
+
+	# To disable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'show-sizes'}{'default'} = [0];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'show-sizes'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.showsizes = 0|1;
+	'show-sizes' => {
+		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('showsizes', @_) },
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [1]},
+
+	# Make gitweb use an alternative format of the URLs which can be
+	# more readable and natural-looking: project name is embedded
+	# directly in the path and the query string contains other
+	# auxiliary information. All gitweb installations recognize
+	# URL in either format; this configures in which formats gitweb
+	# generates links.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];
+	# Project specific override is not supported.
+
+	# Note that you will need to change the default location of CSS,
+	# favicon, logo and possibly other files to an absolute URL. Also,
+	# if gitweb.cgi serves as your indexfile, you will need to force
+	# $my_uri to contain the script name in your $GITWEB_CONFIG.
+	'pathinfo' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Make gitweb consider projects in project root subdirectories
+	# to be forks of existing projects. Given project $projname.git,
+	# projects matching $projname/*.git will not be shown in the main
+	# projects list, instead a '+' mark will be added to $projname
+	# there and a 'forks' view will be enabled for the project, listing
+	# all the forks. If project list is taken from a file, forks have
+	# to be listed after the main project.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'forks'}{'default'} = [1];
+	# Project specific override is not supported.
+	'forks' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Insert custom links to the action bar of all project pages.
+	# This enables you mainly to link to third-party scripts integrating
+	# into gitweb; e.g. git-browser for graphical history representation
+	# or custom web-based repository administration interface.
+
+	# The 'default' value consists of a list of triplets in the form
+	# (label, link, position) where position is the label after which
+	# to insert the link and link is a format string where %n expands
+	# to the project name, %f to the project path within the filesystem,
+	# %h to the current hash (h gitweb parameter) and %b to the current
+	# hash base (hb gitweb parameter); %% expands to %.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG e.g.
+	# $feature{'actions'}{'default'} = [('graphiclog',
+	# 	'/git-browser/by-commit.html?r=%n', 'summary')];
+	# Project specific override is not supported.
+	'actions' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => []},
+
+	# Allow gitweb scan project content tags described in ctags/
+	# of project repository, and display the popular Web 2.0-ish
+	# "tag cloud" near the project list. Note that this is something
+	# COMPLETELY different from the normal Git tags.
+
+	# gitweb by itself can show existing tags, but it does not handle
+	# tagging itself; you need an external application for that.
+	# For an example script, check Girocco's cgi/tagproj.cgi.
+	# You may want to install the HTML::TagCloud Perl module to get
+	# a pretty tag cloud instead of just a list of tags.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'ctags'}{'default'} = ['path_to_tag_script'];
+	# Project specific override is not supported.
+	'ctags' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# The maximum number of patches in a patchset generated in patch
+	# view. Set this to 0 or undef to disable patch view, or to a
+	# negative number to remove any limit.
+
+	# To disable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'patches'}{'default'} = [0];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'patches'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.patches = 0|n;
+	# where n is the maximum number of patches allowed in a patchset.
+	'patches' => {
+		'sub' => \&feature_patches,
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [16]},
+
+	# Avatar support. When this feature is enabled, views such as
+	# shortlog or commit will display an avatar associated with
+	# the email of the committer(s) and/or author(s).
+
+	# Currently available providers are gravatar and picon.
+	# If an unknown provider is specified, the feature is disabled.
+
+	# Gravatar depends on Digest::MD5.
+	# Picon currently relies on the indiana.edu database.
+
+	# To enable system wide have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'avatar'}{'default'} = ['<provider>'];
+	# where <provider> is either gravatar or picon.
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'avatar'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.avatar = <provider>;
+	'avatar' => {
+		'sub' => \&feature_avatar,
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => ['']},
+
+	# Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands
+	# it took to generate and display page.  Disabled by default.
+	# Project specific override is not supported.
+	'timed' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Enable turning some links into links to actions which require
+	# JavaScript to run (like 'blame_incremental').  Not enabled by
+	# default.  Project specific override is currently not supported.
+	'javascript-actions' => {
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => [0]},
+);
+
+sub gitweb_get_feature {
+	my ($name) = @_;
+	return unless exists $feature{$name};
+	my ($sub, $override, @defaults) = (
+		$feature{$name}{'sub'},
+		$feature{$name}{'override'},
+		@{$feature{$name}{'default'}});
+	if (!$override) { return @defaults; }
+	if (!defined $sub) {
+		warn "feature $name is not overridable";
+		return @defaults;
+	}
+	return $sub->(@defaults);
+}
+
+# A wrapper to check if a given feature is enabled.
+# With this, you can say
+#
+#   my $bool_feat = gitweb_check_feature('bool_feat');
+#   gitweb_check_feature('bool_feat') or somecode;
+#
+# instead of
+#
+#   my ($bool_feat) = gitweb_get_feature('bool_feat');
+#   (gitweb_get_feature('bool_feat'))[0] or somecode;
+#
+sub gitweb_check_feature {
+	return (gitweb_get_feature(@_))[0];
+}
+
+
+sub feature_bool {
+	my $key = shift;
+	my ($val) = git_get_project_config($key, '--bool');
+
+	if (!defined $val) {
+		return ($_[0]);
+	} elsif ($val eq 'true') {
+		return (1);
+	} elsif ($val eq 'false') {
+		return (0);
+	}
+}
+
+sub feature_snapshot {
+	my (@fmts) = @_;
+
+	my ($val) = git_get_project_config('snapshot');
+
+	if ($val) {
+		@fmts = ($val eq 'none' ? () : split /\s*[,\s]\s*/, $val);
+	}
+
+	return @fmts;
+}
+
+sub feature_patches {
+	my @val = (git_get_project_config('patches', '--int'));
+
+	if (@val) {
+		return @val;
+	}
+
+	return ($_[0]);
+}
+
+sub feature_avatar {
+	my @val = (git_get_project_config('avatar'));
+
+	return @val ? @val : @_;
+}
+
+# checking HEAD file with -e is fragile if the repository was
+# initialized long time ago (i.e. symlink HEAD) and was pack-ref'ed
+# and then pruned.
+sub check_head_link {
+	my ($dir) = @_;
+	my $headfile = "$dir/HEAD";
+	return ((-e $headfile) ||
+		(-l $headfile && readlink($headfile) =~ /^refs\/heads\//));
+}
+
+sub check_export_ok {
+	my ($dir) = @_;
+	return (check_head_link($dir) &&
+		(!$export_ok || -e "$dir/$export_ok") &&
+		(!$export_auth_hook || $export_auth_hook->($dir)));
+}
+
+# process alternate names for backward compatibility
+# filter out unsupported (unknown) snapshot formats
+sub filter_snapshot_fmts {
+	my @fmts = @_;
+
+	@fmts = map {
+		exists $known_snapshot_format_aliases{$_} ?
+		       $known_snapshot_format_aliases{$_} : $_} @fmts;
+	@fmts = grep {
+		exists $known_snapshot_formats{$_} &&
+		!$known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'disabled'}} @fmts;
+}
+
+our $GITWEB_CONFIG = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG++";
+if (-e $GITWEB_CONFIG) {
+	do $GITWEB_CONFIG;
+} else {
+	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
+	do $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM if -e $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM;
+}
+
+# Get loadavg of system, to compare against $maxload.
+# Currently it requires '/proc/loadavg' present to get loadavg;
+# if it is not present it returns 0, which means no load checking.
+sub get_loadavg {
+	if( -e '/proc/loadavg' ){
+		open my $fd, '<', '/proc/loadavg'
+			or return 0;
+		my @load = split(/\s+/, scalar <$fd>);
+		close $fd;
+
+		# The first three columns measure CPU and IO utilization of the last one,
+		# five, and 10 minute periods.  The fourth column shows the number of
+		# currently running processes and the total number of processes in the m/n
+		# format.  The last column displays the last process ID used.
+		return $load[0] || 0;
+	}
+	# additional checks for load average should go here for things that don't export
+	# /proc/loadavg
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+# version of the core git binary
+our $git_version = qx("$GIT" --version) =~ m/git version (.*)$/ ? $1 : "unknown";
+$number_of_git_cmds++;
+
+$projects_list ||= $projectroot;
+
+if (defined $maxload && get_loadavg() > $maxload) {
+	die_error(503, "The load average on the server is too high");
+}
+
+# ======================================================================
+# input validation and dispatch
+
+# input parameters can be collected from a variety of sources (presently, CGI
+# and PATH_INFO), so we define an %input_params hash that collects them all
+# together during validation: this allows subsequent uses (e.g. href()) to be
+# agnostic of the parameter origin
+
+our %input_params = ();
+
+# input parameters are stored with the long parameter name as key. This will
+# also be used in the href subroutine to convert parameters to their CGI
+# equivalent, and since the href() usage is the most frequent one, we store
+# the name -> CGI key mapping here, instead of the reverse.
+#
+# XXX: Warning: If you touch this, check the search form for updating,
+# too.
+
+our @cgi_param_mapping = (
+	project => "p",
+	action => "a",
+	file_name => "f",
+	file_parent => "fp",
+	hash => "h",
+	hash_parent => "hp",
+	hash_base => "hb",
+	hash_parent_base => "hpb",
+	page => "pg",
+	order => "o",
+	searchtext => "s",
+	searchtype => "st",
+	snapshot_format => "sf",
+	extra_options => "opt",
+	search_use_regexp => "sr",
+	# this must be last entry (for manipulation from JavaScript)
+	javascript => "js"
+);
+our %cgi_param_mapping = @cgi_param_mapping;
+
+# we will also need to know the possible actions, for validation
+our %actions = (
+	"blame" => \&git_blame,
+	"blame_incremental" => \&git_blame_incremental,
+	"blame_data" => \&git_blame_data,
+	"blobdiff" => \&git_blobdiff,
+	"blobdiff_plain" => \&git_blobdiff_plain,
+	"blob" => \&git_blob,
+	"blob_plain" => \&git_blob_plain,
+	"commitdiff" => \&git_commitdiff,
+	"commitdiff_plain" => \&git_commitdiff_plain,
+	"commit" => \&git_commit,
+	"forks" => \&git_forks,
+	"heads" => \&git_heads,
+	"history" => \&git_history,
+	"log" => \&git_log,
+	"patch" => \&git_patch,
+	"patches" => \&git_patches,
+	"rss" => \&git_rss,
+	"atom" => \&git_atom,
+	"search" => \&git_search,
+	"search_help" => \&git_search_help,
+	"shortlog" => \&git_shortlog,
+	"summary" => \&git_summary,
+	"tag" => \&git_tag,
+	"tags" => \&git_tags,
+	"tree" => \&git_tree,
+	"snapshot" => \&git_snapshot,
+	"object" => \&git_object,
+	# those below don't need $project
+	"opml" => \&git_opml,
+	"project_list" => \&git_project_list,
+	"project_index" => \&git_project_index,
+);
+
+# finally, we have the hash of allowed extra_options for the commands that
+# allow them
+our %allowed_options = (
+	"--no-merges" => [ qw(rss atom log shortlog history) ],
+);
+
+# fill %input_params with the CGI parameters. All values except for 'opt'
+# should be single values, but opt can be an array. We should probably
+# build an array of parameters that can be multi-valued, but since for the time
+# being it's only this one, we just single it out
+while (my ($name, $symbol) = each %cgi_param_mapping) {
+	if ($symbol eq 'opt') {
+		$input_params{$name} = [ $cgi->param($symbol) ];
+	} else {
+		$input_params{$name} = $cgi->param($symbol);
+	}
+}
+
+# now read PATH_INFO and update the parameter list for missing parameters
+sub evaluate_path_info {
+	return if defined $input_params{'project'};
+	return if !$path_info;
+	$path_info =~ s,^/+,,;
+	return if !$path_info;
+
+	# find which part of PATH_INFO is project
+	my $project = $path_info;
+	$project =~ s,/+$,,;
+	while ($project && !check_head_link("$projectroot/$project")) {
+		$project =~ s,/*[^/]*$,,;
+	}
+	return unless $project;
+	$input_params{'project'} = $project;
+
+	# do not change any parameters if an action is given using the query string
+	return if $input_params{'action'};
+	$path_info =~ s,^\Q$project\E/*,,;
+
+	# next, check if we have an action
+	my $action = $path_info;
+	$action =~ s,/.*$,,;
+	if (exists $actions{$action}) {
+		$path_info =~ s,^$action/*,,;
+		$input_params{'action'} = $action;
+	}
+
+	# list of actions that want hash_base instead of hash, but can have no
+	# pathname (f) parameter
+	my @wants_base = (
+		'tree',
+		'history',
+	);
+
+	# we want to catch
+	# [$hash_parent_base[:$file_parent]..]$hash_parent[:$file_name]
+	my ($parentrefname, $parentpathname, $refname, $pathname) =
+		($path_info =~ /^(?:(.+?)(?::(.+))?\.\.)?(.+?)(?::(.+))?$/);
+
+	# first, analyze the 'current' part
+	if (defined $pathname) {
+		# we got "branch:filename" or "branch:dir/"
+		# we could use git_get_type(branch:pathname), but:
+		# - it needs $git_dir
+		# - it does a git() call
+		# - the convention of terminating directories with a slash
+		#   makes it superfluous
+		# - embedding the action in the PATH_INFO would make it even
+		#   more superfluous
+		$pathname =~ s,^/+,,;
+		if (!$pathname || substr($pathname, -1) eq "/") {
+			$input_params{'action'} ||= "tree";
+			$pathname =~ s,/$,,;
+		} else {
+			# the default action depends on whether we had parent info
+			# or not
+			if ($parentrefname) {
+				$input_params{'action'} ||= "blobdiff_plain";
+			} else {
+				$input_params{'action'} ||= "blob_plain";
+			}
+		}
+		$input_params{'hash_base'} ||= $refname;
+		$input_params{'file_name'} ||= $pathname;
+	} elsif (defined $refname) {
+		# we got "branch". In this case we have to choose if we have to
+		# set hash or hash_base.
+		#
+		# Most of the actions without a pathname only want hash to be
+		# set, except for the ones specified in @wants_base that want
+		# hash_base instead. It should also be noted that hand-crafted
+		# links having 'history' as an action and no pathname or hash
+		# set will fail, but that happens regardless of PATH_INFO.
+		$input_params{'action'} ||= "shortlog";
+		if (grep { $_ eq $input_params{'action'} } @wants_base) {
+			$input_params{'hash_base'} ||= $refname;
+		} else {
+			$input_params{'hash'} ||= $refname;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# next, handle the 'parent' part, if present
+	if (defined $parentrefname) {
+		# a missing pathspec defaults to the 'current' filename, allowing e.g.
+		# someproject/blobdiff/oldrev..newrev:/filename
+		if ($parentpathname) {
+			$parentpathname =~ s,^/+,,;
+			$parentpathname =~ s,/$,,;
+			$input_params{'file_parent'} ||= $parentpathname;
+		} else {
+			$input_params{'file_parent'} ||= $input_params{'file_name'};
+		}
+		# we assume that hash_parent_base is wanted if a path was specified,
+		# or if the action wants hash_base instead of hash
+		if (defined $input_params{'file_parent'} ||
+			grep { $_ eq $input_params{'action'} } @wants_base) {
+			$input_params{'hash_parent_base'} ||= $parentrefname;
+		} else {
+			$input_params{'hash_parent'} ||= $parentrefname;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# for the snapshot action, we allow URLs in the form
+	# $project/snapshot/$hash.ext
+	# where .ext determines the snapshot and gets removed from the
+	# passed $refname to provide the $hash.
+	#
+	# To be able to tell that $refname includes the format extension, we
+	# require the following two conditions to be satisfied:
+	# - the hash input parameter MUST have been set from the $refname part
+	#   of the URL (i.e. they must be equal)
+	# - the snapshot format MUST NOT have been defined already (e.g. from
+	#   CGI parameter sf)
+	# It's also useless to try any matching unless $refname has a dot,
+	# so we check for that too
+	if (defined $input_params{'action'} &&
+		$input_params{'action'} eq 'snapshot' &&
+		defined $refname && index($refname, '.') != -1 &&
+		$refname eq $input_params{'hash'} &&
+		!defined $input_params{'snapshot_format'}) {
+		# We loop over the known snapshot formats, checking for
+		# extensions. Allowed extensions are both the defined suffix
+		# (which includes the initial dot already) and the snapshot
+		# format key itself, with a prepended dot
+		while (my ($fmt, $opt) = each %known_snapshot_formats) {
+			my $hash = $refname;
+			unless ($hash =~ s/(\Q$opt->{'suffix'}\E|\Q.$fmt\E)$//) {
+				next;
+			}
+			my $sfx = $1;
+			# a valid suffix was found, so set the snapshot format
+			# and reset the hash parameter
+			$input_params{'snapshot_format'} = $fmt;
+			$input_params{'hash'} = $hash;
+			# we also set the format suffix to the one requested
+			# in the URL: this way a request for e.g. .tgz returns
+			# a .tgz instead of a .tar.gz
+			$known_snapshot_formats{$fmt}{'suffix'} = $sfx;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+}
+evaluate_path_info();
+
+our $action = $input_params{'action'};
+if (defined $action) {
+	if (!validate_action($action)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid action parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+# parameters which are pathnames
+our $project = $input_params{'project'};
+if (defined $project) {
+	if (!validate_project($project)) {
+		undef $project;
+		die_error(404, "No such project");
+	}
+}
+
+our $file_name = $input_params{'file_name'};
+if (defined $file_name) {
+	if (!validate_pathname($file_name)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid file parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+our $file_parent = $input_params{'file_parent'};
+if (defined $file_parent) {
+	if (!validate_pathname($file_parent)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid file parent parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+# parameters which are refnames
+our $hash = $input_params{'hash'};
+if (defined $hash) {
+	if (!validate_refname($hash)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid hash parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+our $hash_parent = $input_params{'hash_parent'};
+if (defined $hash_parent) {
+	if (!validate_refname($hash_parent)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+our $hash_base = $input_params{'hash_base'};
+if (defined $hash_base) {
+	if (!validate_refname($hash_base)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid hash base parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+our @extra_options = @{$input_params{'extra_options'}};
+# @extra_options is always defined, since it can only be (currently) set from
+# CGI, and $cgi->param() returns the empty array in array context if the param
+# is not set
+foreach my $opt (@extra_options) {
+	if (not exists $allowed_options{$opt}) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid option parameter");
+	}
+	if (not grep(/^$action$/, @{$allowed_options{$opt}})) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid option parameter for this action");
+	}
+}
+
+our $hash_parent_base = $input_params{'hash_parent_base'};
+if (defined $hash_parent_base) {
+	if (!validate_refname($hash_parent_base)) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent base parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+# other parameters
+our $page = $input_params{'page'};
+if (defined $page) {
+	if ($page =~ m/[^0-9]/) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid page parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+our $searchtype = $input_params{'searchtype'};
+if (defined $searchtype) {
+	if ($searchtype =~ m/[^a-z]/) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid searchtype parameter");
+	}
+}
+
+our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};
+
+our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
+our $search_regexp;
+if (defined $searchtext) {
+	if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
+		die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
+	}
+	$search_regexp = $search_use_regexp ? $searchtext : quotemeta $searchtext;
+}
+
+# path to the current git repository
+our $git_dir;
+$git_dir = "$projectroot/$project" if $project;
+
+# list of supported snapshot formats
+our @snapshot_fmts = gitweb_get_feature('snapshot');
+@snapshot_fmts = filter_snapshot_fmts(@snapshot_fmts);
+
+# check that the avatar feature is set to a known provider name,
+# and for each provider check if the dependencies are satisfied.
+# if the provider name is invalid or the dependencies are not met,
+# reset $git_avatar to the empty string.
+our ($git_avatar) = gitweb_get_feature('avatar');
+if ($git_avatar eq 'gravatar') {
+	$git_avatar = '' unless (eval { require Digest::MD5; 1; });
+} elsif ($git_avatar eq 'picon') {
+	# no dependencies
+} else {
+	$git_avatar = '';
+}
+
+# dispatch
+if (!defined $action) {
+	if (defined $hash) {
+		$action = git_get_type($hash);
+	} elsif (defined $hash_base && defined $file_name) {
+		$action = git_get_type("$hash_base:$file_name");
+	} elsif (defined $project) {
+		$action = 'summary';
+	} else {
+		$action = 'project_list';
+	}
+}
+if (!defined($actions{$action})) {
+	die_error(400, "Unknown action");
+}
+if ($action !~ m/^(?:opml|project_list|project_index)$/ &&
+    !$project) {
+	die_error(400, "Project needed");
+}
+$actions{$action}->();
+exit;
+
+## ======================================================================
+## action links
+
+sub href {
+	my %params = @_;
+	# default is to use -absolute url() i.e. $my_uri
+	my $href = $params{-full} ? $my_url : $my_uri;
+
+	$params{'project'} = $project unless exists $params{'project'};
+
+	if ($params{-replay}) {
+		while (my ($name, $symbol) = each %cgi_param_mapping) {
+			if (!exists $params{$name}) {
+				$params{$name} = $input_params{$name};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $use_pathinfo = gitweb_check_feature('pathinfo');
+	if ($use_pathinfo and defined $params{'project'}) {
+		# try to put as many parameters as possible in PATH_INFO:
+		#   - project name
+		#   - action
+		#   - hash_parent or hash_parent_base:/file_parent
+		#   - hash or hash_base:/filename
+		#   - the snapshot_format as an appropriate suffix
+
+		# When the script is the root DirectoryIndex for the domain,
+		# $href here would be something like http://gitweb.example.com/
+		# Thus, we strip any trailing / from $href, to spare us double
+		# slashes in the final URL
+		$href =~ s,/$,,;
+
+		# Then add the project name, if present
+		$href .= "/".esc_url($params{'project'});
+		delete $params{'project'};
+
+		# since we destructively absorb parameters, we keep this
+		# boolean that remembers if we're handling a snapshot
+		my $is_snapshot = $params{'action'} eq 'snapshot';
+
+		# Summary just uses the project path URL, any other action is
+		# added to the URL
+		if (defined $params{'action'}) {
+			$href .= "/".esc_url($params{'action'}) unless $params{'action'} eq 'summary';
+			delete $params{'action'};
+		}
+
+		# Next, we put hash_parent_base:/file_parent..hash_base:/file_name,
+		# stripping nonexistent or useless pieces
+		$href .= "/" if ($params{'hash_base'} || $params{'hash_parent_base'}
+			|| $params{'hash_parent'} || $params{'hash'});
+		if (defined $params{'hash_base'}) {
+			if (defined $params{'hash_parent_base'}) {
+				$href .= esc_url($params{'hash_parent_base'});
+				# skip the file_parent if it's the same as the file_name
+				if (defined $params{'file_parent'}) {
+					if (defined $params{'file_name'} && $params{'file_parent'} eq $params{'file_name'}) {
+						delete $params{'file_parent'};
+					} elsif ($params{'file_parent'} !~ /\.\./) {
+						$href .= ":/".esc_url($params{'file_parent'});
+						delete $params{'file_parent'};
+					}
+				}
+				$href .= "..";
+				delete $params{'hash_parent'};
+				delete $params{'hash_parent_base'};
+			} elsif (defined $params{'hash_parent'}) {
+				$href .= esc_url($params{'hash_parent'}). "..";
+				delete $params{'hash_parent'};
+			}
+
+			$href .= esc_url($params{'hash_base'});
+			if (defined $params{'file_name'} && $params{'file_name'} !~ /\.\./) {
+				$href .= ":/".esc_url($params{'file_name'});
+				delete $params{'file_name'};
+			}
+			delete $params{'hash'};
+			delete $params{'hash_base'};
+		} elsif (defined $params{'hash'}) {
+			$href .= esc_url($params{'hash'});
+			delete $params{'hash'};
+		}
+
+		# If the action was a snapshot, we can absorb the
+		# snapshot_format parameter too
+		if ($is_snapshot) {
+			my $fmt = $params{'snapshot_format'};
+			# snapshot_format should always be defined when href()
+			# is called, but just in case some code forgets, we
+			# fall back to the default
+			$fmt ||= $snapshot_fmts[0];
+			$href .= $known_snapshot_formats{$fmt}{'suffix'};
+			delete $params{'snapshot_format'};
+		}
+	}
+
+	# now encode the parameters explicitly
+	my @result = ();
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < @cgi_param_mapping; $i += 2) {
+		my ($name, $symbol) = ($cgi_param_mapping[$i], $cgi_param_mapping[$i+1]);
+		if (defined $params{$name}) {
+			if (ref($params{$name}) eq "ARRAY") {
+				foreach my $par (@{$params{$name}}) {
+					push @result, $symbol . "=" . esc_param($par);
+				}
+			} else {
+				push @result, $symbol . "=" . esc_param($params{$name});
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	$href .= "?" . join(';', @result) if scalar @result;
+
+	return $href;
+}
+
+
+## ======================================================================
+## validation, quoting/unquoting and escaping
+
+sub validate_action {
+	my $input = shift || return undef;
+	return undef unless exists $actions{$input};
+	return $input;
+}
+
+sub validate_project {
+	my $input = shift || return undef;
+	if (!validate_pathname($input) ||
+		!(-d "$projectroot/$input") ||
+		!check_export_ok("$projectroot/$input") ||
+		($strict_export && !project_in_list($input))) {
+		return undef;
+	} else {
+		return $input;
+	}
+}
+
+sub validate_pathname {
+	my $input = shift || return undef;
+
+	# no '.' or '..' as elements of path, i.e. no '.' nor '..'
+	# at the beginning, at the end, and between slashes.
+	# also this catches doubled slashes
+	if ($input =~ m!(^|/)(|\.|\.\.)(/|$)!) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+	# no null characters
+	if ($input =~ m!\0!) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+	return $input;
+}
+
+sub validate_refname {
+	my $input = shift || return undef;
+
+	# textual hashes are O.K.
+	if ($input =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		return $input;
+	}
+	# it must be correct pathname
+	$input = validate_pathname($input)
+		or return undef;
+	# restrictions on ref name according to git-check-ref-format
+	if ($input =~ m!(/\.|\.\.|[\000-\040\177 ~^:?*\[]|/$)!) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+	return $input;
+}
+
+# decode sequences of octets in utf8 into Perl's internal form,
+# which is utf-8 with utf8 flag set if needed.  gitweb writes out
+# in utf-8 thanks to "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'" at beginning
+sub to_utf8 {
+	my $str = shift;
+	if (utf8::valid($str)) {
+		utf8::decode($str);
+		return $str;
+	} else {
+		return decode($fallback_encoding, $str, Encode::FB_DEFAULT);
+	}
+}
+
+# quote unsafe chars, but keep the slash, even when it's not
+# correct, but quoted slashes look too horrible in bookmarks
+sub esc_param {
+	my $str = shift;
+	$str =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.~()\/:@ ]+)/CGI::escape($1)/eg;
+	$str =~ s/ /\+/g;
+	return $str;
+}
+
+# quote unsafe chars in whole URL, so some charactrs cannot be quoted
+sub esc_url {
+	my $str = shift;
+	$str =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.~();\/;?:@&=])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
+	$str =~ s/\+/%2B/g;
+	$str =~ s/ /\+/g;
+	return $str;
+}
+
+# replace invalid utf8 character with SUBSTITUTION sequence
+sub esc_html {
+	my $str = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+
+	$str = to_utf8($str);
+	$str = $cgi->escapeHTML($str);
+	if ($opts{'-nbsp'}) {
+		$str =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
+	}
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(($1 ne "\t") ? quot_cec($1) : $1)|eg;
+	return $str;
+}
+
+# quote control characters and escape filename to HTML
+sub esc_path {
+	my $str = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+
+	$str = to_utf8($str);
+	$str = $cgi->escapeHTML($str);
+	if ($opts{'-nbsp'}) {
+		$str =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
+	}
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|quot_cec($1)|eg;
+	return $str;
+}
+
+# Make control characters "printable", using character escape codes (CEC)
+sub quot_cec {
+	my $cntrl = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+	my %es = ( # character escape codes, aka escape sequences
+		"\t" => '\t',   # tab            (HT)
+		"\n" => '\n',   # line feed      (LF)
+		"\r" => '\r',   # carrige return (CR)
+		"\f" => '\f',   # form feed      (FF)
+		"\b" => '\b',   # backspace      (BS)
+		"\a" => '\a',   # alarm (bell)   (BEL)
+		"\e" => '\e',   # escape         (ESC)
+		"\013" => '\v', # vertical tab   (VT)
+		"\000" => '\0', # nul character  (NUL)
+	);
+	my $chr = ( (exists $es{$cntrl})
+		    ? $es{$cntrl}
+		    : sprintf('\%2x', ord($cntrl)) );
+	if ($opts{-nohtml}) {
+		return $chr;
+	} else {
+		return "<span class=\"cntrl\">$chr</span>";
+	}
+}
+
+# Alternatively use unicode control pictures codepoints,
+# Unicode "printable representation" (PR)
+sub quot_upr {
+	my $cntrl = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+
+	my $chr = sprintf('&#%04d;', 0x2400+ord($cntrl));
+	if ($opts{-nohtml}) {
+		return $chr;
+	} else {
+		return "<span class=\"cntrl\">$chr</span>";
+	}
+}
+
+# git may return quoted and escaped filenames
+sub unquote {
+	my $str = shift;
+
+	sub unq {
+		my $seq = shift;
+		my %es = ( # character escape codes, aka escape sequences
+			't' => "\t",   # tab            (HT, TAB)
+			'n' => "\n",   # newline        (NL)
+			'r' => "\r",   # return         (CR)
+			'f' => "\f",   # form feed      (FF)
+			'b' => "\b",   # backspace      (BS)
+			'a' => "\a",   # alarm (bell)   (BEL)
+			'e' => "\e",   # escape         (ESC)
+			'v' => "\013", # vertical tab   (VT)
+		);
+
+		if ($seq =~ m/^[0-7]{1,3}$/) {
+			# octal char sequence
+			return chr(oct($seq));
+		} elsif (exists $es{$seq}) {
+			# C escape sequence, aka character escape code
+			return $es{$seq};
+		}
+		# quoted ordinary character
+		return $seq;
+	}
+
+	if ($str =~ m/^"(.*)"$/) {
+		# needs unquoting
+		$str = $1;
+		$str =~ s/\\([^0-7]|[0-7]{1,3})/unq($1)/eg;
+	}
+	return $str;
+}
+
+# escape tabs (convert tabs to spaces)
+sub untabify {
+	my $line = shift;
+
+	while ((my $pos = index($line, "\t")) != -1) {
+		if (my $count = (8 - ($pos % 8))) {
+			my $spaces = ' ' x $count;
+			$line =~ s/\t/$spaces/;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $line;
+}
+
+sub project_in_list {
+	my $project = shift;
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list();
+	return @list && scalar(grep { $_->{'path'} eq $project } @list);
+}
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## HTML aware string manipulation
+
+# Try to chop given string on a word boundary between position
+# $len and $len+$add_len. If there is no word boundary there,
+# chop at $len+$add_len. Do not chop if chopped part plus ellipsis
+# (marking chopped part) would be longer than given string.
+sub chop_str {
+	my $str = shift;
+	my $len = shift;
+	my $add_len = shift || 10;
+	my $where = shift || 'right'; # 'left' | 'center' | 'right'
+
+	# Make sure perl knows it is utf8 encoded so we don't
+	# cut in the middle of a utf8 multibyte char.
+	$str = to_utf8($str);
+
+	# allow only $len chars, but don't cut a word if it would fit in $add_len
+	# if it doesn't fit, cut it if it's still longer than the dots we would add
+	# remove chopped character entities entirely
+
+	# when chopping in the middle, distribute $len into left and right part
+	# return early if chopping wouldn't make string shorter
+	if ($where eq 'center') {
+		return $str if ($len + 5 >= length($str)); # filler is length 5
+		$len = int($len/2);
+	} else {
+		return $str if ($len + 4 >= length($str)); # filler is length 4
+	}
+
+	# regexps: ending and beginning with word part up to $add_len
+	my $endre = qr/.{$len}\w{0,$add_len}/;
+	my $begre = qr/\w{0,$add_len}.{$len}/;
+
+	if ($where eq 'left') {
+		$str =~ m/^(.*?)($begre)$/;
+		my ($lead, $body) = ($1, $2);
+		if (length($lead) > 4) {
+			$lead = " ...";
+		}
+		return "$lead$body";
+
+	} elsif ($where eq 'center') {
+		$str =~ m/^($endre)(.*)$/;
+		my ($left, $str)  = ($1, $2);
+		$str =~ m/^(.*?)($begre)$/;
+		my ($mid, $right) = ($1, $2);
+		if (length($mid) > 5) {
+			$mid = " ... ";
+		}
+		return "$left$mid$right";
+
+	} else {
+		$str =~ m/^($endre)(.*)$/;
+		my $body = $1;
+		my $tail = $2;
+		if (length($tail) > 4) {
+			$tail = "... ";
+		}
+		return "$body$tail";
+	}
+}
+
+# takes the same arguments as chop_str, but also wraps a <span> around the
+# result with a title attribute if it does get chopped. Additionally, the
+# string is HTML-escaped.
+sub chop_and_escape_str {
+	my ($str) = @_;
+
+	my $chopped = chop_str(@_);
+	if ($chopped eq $str) {
+		return esc_html($chopped);
+	} else {
+		$str =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
+		return $cgi->span({-title=>$str}, esc_html($chopped));
+	}
+}
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## functions returning short strings
+
+# CSS class for given age value (in seconds)
+sub age_class {
+	my $age = shift;
+
+	if (!defined $age) {
+		return "noage";
+	} elsif ($age < 60*60*2) {
+		return "age0";
+	} elsif ($age < 60*60*24*2) {
+		return "age1";
+	} else {
+		return "age2";
+	}
+}
+
+# convert age in seconds to "nn units ago" string
+sub age_string {
+	my $age = shift;
+	my $age_str;
+
+	if ($age > 60*60*24*365*2) {
+		$age_str = (int $age/60/60/24/365);
+		$age_str .= " years ago";
+	} elsif ($age > 60*60*24*(365/12)*2) {
+		$age_str = int $age/60/60/24/(365/12);
+		$age_str .= " months ago";
+	} elsif ($age > 60*60*24*7*2) {
+		$age_str = int $age/60/60/24/7;
+		$age_str .= " weeks ago";
+	} elsif ($age > 60*60*24*2) {
+		$age_str = int $age/60/60/24;
+		$age_str .= " days ago";
+	} elsif ($age > 60*60*2) {
+		$age_str = int $age/60/60;
+		$age_str .= " hours ago";
+	} elsif ($age > 60*2) {
+		$age_str = int $age/60;
+		$age_str .= " min ago";
+	} elsif ($age > 2) {
+		$age_str = int $age;
+		$age_str .= " sec ago";
+	} else {
+		$age_str .= " right now";
+	}
+	return $age_str;
+}
+
+use constant {
+	S_IFINVALID => 0030000,
+	S_IFGITLINK => 0160000,
+};
+
+# submodule/subproject, a commit object reference
+sub S_ISGITLINK {
+	my $mode = shift;
+
+	return (($mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFGITLINK)
+}
+
+# convert file mode in octal to symbolic file mode string
+sub mode_str {
+	my $mode = oct shift;
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK($mode)) {
+		return 'm---------';
+	} elsif (S_ISDIR($mode & S_IFMT)) {
+		return 'drwxr-xr-x';
+	} elsif (S_ISLNK($mode)) {
+		return 'lrwxrwxrwx';
+	} elsif (S_ISREG($mode)) {
+		# git cares only about the executable bit
+		if ($mode & S_IXUSR) {
+			return '-rwxr-xr-x';
+		} else {
+			return '-rw-r--r--';
+		};
+	} else {
+		return '----------';
+	}
+}
+
+# convert file mode in octal to file type string
+sub file_type {
+	my $mode = shift;
+
+	if ($mode !~ m/^[0-7]+$/) {
+		return $mode;
+	} else {
+		$mode = oct $mode;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK($mode)) {
+		return "submodule";
+	} elsif (S_ISDIR($mode & S_IFMT)) {
+		return "directory";
+	} elsif (S_ISLNK($mode)) {
+		return "symlink";
+	} elsif (S_ISREG($mode)) {
+		return "file";
+	} else {
+		return "unknown";
+	}
+}
+
+# convert file mode in octal to file type description string
+sub file_type_long {
+	my $mode = shift;
+
+	if ($mode !~ m/^[0-7]+$/) {
+		return $mode;
+	} else {
+		$mode = oct $mode;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK($mode)) {
+		return "submodule";
+	} elsif (S_ISDIR($mode & S_IFMT)) {
+		return "directory";
+	} elsif (S_ISLNK($mode)) {
+		return "symlink";
+	} elsif (S_ISREG($mode)) {
+		if ($mode & S_IXUSR) {
+			return "executable";
+		} else {
+			return "file";
+		};
+	} else {
+		return "unknown";
+	}
+}
+
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## functions returning short HTML fragments, or transforming HTML fragments
+## which don't belong to other sections
+
+# format line of commit message.
+sub format_log_line_html {
+	my $line = shift;
+
+	$line = esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
+	$line =~ s{\b([0-9a-fA-F]{8,40})\b}{
+		$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"object", hash=>$1),
+					-class => "text"}, $1);
+	}eg;
+
+	return $line;
+}
+
+# format marker of refs pointing to given object
+
+# the destination action is chosen based on object type and current context:
+# - for annotated tags, we choose the tag view unless it's the current view
+#   already, in which case we go to shortlog view
+# - for other refs, we keep the current view if we're in history, shortlog or
+#   log view, and select shortlog otherwise
+sub format_ref_marker {
+	my ($refs, $id) = @_;
+	my $markers = '';
+
+	if (defined $refs->{$id}) {
+		foreach my $ref (@{$refs->{$id}}) {
+			# this code exploits the fact that non-lightweight tags are the
+			# only indirect objects, and that they are the only objects for which
+			# we want to use tag instead of shortlog as action
+			my ($type, $name) = qw();
+			my $indirect = ($ref =~ s/\^\{\}$//);
+			# e.g. tags/v2.6.11 or heads/next
+			if ($ref =~ m!^(.*?)s?/(.*)$!) {
+				$type = $1;
+				$name = $2;
+			} else {
+				$type = "ref";
+				$name = $ref;
+			}
+
+			my $class = $type;
+			$class .= " indirect" if $indirect;
+
+			my $dest_action = "shortlog";
+
+			if ($indirect) {
+				$dest_action = "tag" unless $action eq "tag";
+			} elsif ($action =~ /^(history|(short)?log)$/) {
+				$dest_action = $action;
+			}
+
+			my $dest = "";
+			$dest .= "refs/" unless $ref =~ m!^refs/!;
+			$dest .= $ref;
+
+			my $link = $cgi->a({
+				-href => href(
+					action=>$dest_action,
+					hash=>$dest
+				)}, $name);
+
+			$markers .= " <span class=\"$class\" title=\"$ref\">" .
+				$link . "</span>";
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($markers) {
+		return ' <span class="refs">'. $markers . '</span>';
+	} else {
+		return "";
+	}
+}
+
+# format, perhaps shortened and with markers, title line
+sub format_subject_html {
+	my ($long, $short, $href, $extra) = @_;
+	$extra = '' unless defined($extra);
+
+	if (length($short) < length($long)) {
+		$long =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
+		return $cgi->a({-href => $href, -class => "list subject",
+		                -title => to_utf8($long)},
+		       esc_html($short)) . $extra;
+	} else {
+		return $cgi->a({-href => $href, -class => "list subject"},
+		       esc_html($long)) . $extra;
+	}
+}
+
+# Rather than recomputing the url for an email multiple times, we cache it
+# after the first hit. This gives a visible benefit in views where the avatar
+# for the same email is used repeatedly (e.g. shortlog).
+# The cache is shared by all avatar engines (currently gravatar only), which
+# are free to use it as preferred. Since only one avatar engine is used for any
+# given page, there's no risk for cache conflicts.
+our %avatar_cache = ();
+
+# Compute the picon url for a given email, by using the picon search service over at
+# http://www.cs.indiana.edu/picons/search.html
+sub picon_url {
+	my $email = lc shift;
+	if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
+		my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
+		$avatar_cache{$email} =
+			"http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
+			"$domain/$user/" .
+			"users+domains+unknown/up/single";
+	}
+	return $avatar_cache{$email};
+}
+
+# Compute the gravatar url for a given email, if it's not in the cache already.
+# Gravatar stores only the part of the URL before the size, since that's the
+# one computationally more expensive. This also allows reuse of the cache for
+# different sizes (for this particular engine).
+sub gravatar_url {
+	my $email = lc shift;
+	my $size = shift;
+	$avatar_cache{$email} ||=
+		"http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
+			Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
+	return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
+}
+
+# Insert an avatar for the given $email at the given $size if the feature
+# is enabled.
+sub git_get_avatar {
+	my ($email, %opts) = @_;
+	my $pre_white  = ($opts{-pad_before} ? "&nbsp;" : "");
+	my $post_white = ($opts{-pad_after}  ? "&nbsp;" : "");
+	$opts{-size} ||= 'default';
+	my $size = $avatar_size{$opts{-size}} || $avatar_size{'default'};
+	my $url = "";
+	if ($git_avatar eq 'gravatar') {
+		$url = gravatar_url($email, $size);
+	} elsif ($git_avatar eq 'picon') {
+		$url = picon_url($email);
+	}
+	# Other providers can be added by extending the if chain, defining $url
+	# as needed. If no variant puts something in $url, we assume avatars
+	# are completely disabled/unavailable.
+	if ($url) {
+		return $pre_white .
+		       "<img width=\"$size\" " .
+		            "class=\"avatar\" " .
+		            "src=\"$url\" " .
+			    "alt=\"\" " .
+		       "/>" . $post_white;
+	} else {
+		return "";
+	}
+}
+
+sub format_search_author {
+	my ($author, $searchtype, $displaytext) = @_;
+	my $have_search = gitweb_check_feature('search');
+
+	if ($have_search) {
+		my $performed = "";
+		if ($searchtype eq 'author') {
+			$performed = "authored";
+		} elsif ($searchtype eq 'committer') {
+			$performed = "committed";
+		}
+
+		return $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search", hash=>$hash,
+				searchtext=>$author,
+				searchtype=>$searchtype), class=>"list",
+				title=>"Search for commits $performed by $author"},
+				$displaytext);
+
+	} else {
+		return $displaytext;
+	}
+}
+
+# format the author name of the given commit with the given tag
+# the author name is chopped and escaped according to the other
+# optional parameters (see chop_str).
+sub format_author_html {
+	my $tag = shift;
+	my $co = shift;
+	my $author = chop_and_escape_str($co->{'author_name'}, @_);
+	return "<$tag class=\"author\">" .
+	       format_search_author($co->{'author_name'}, "author",
+		       git_get_avatar($co->{'author_email'}, -pad_after => 1) .
+		       $author) .
+	       "</$tag>";
+}
+
+# format git diff header line, i.e. "diff --(git|combined|cc) ..."
+sub format_git_diff_header_line {
+	my $line = shift;
+	my $diffinfo = shift;
+	my ($from, $to) = @_;
+
+	if ($diffinfo->{'nparents'}) {
+		# combined diff
+		$line =~ s!^(diff (.*?) )"?.*$!$1!;
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$line .= $cgi->a({-href => $to->{'href'}, -class => "path"},
+			                 esc_path($to->{'file'}));
+		} else { # file was deleted (no href)
+			$line .= esc_path($to->{'file'});
+		}
+	} else {
+		# "ordinary" diff
+		$line =~ s!^(diff (.*?) )"?a/.*$!$1!;
+		if ($from->{'href'}) {
+			$line .= $cgi->a({-href => $from->{'href'}, -class => "path"},
+			                 'a/' . esc_path($from->{'file'}));
+		} else { # file was added (no href)
+			$line .= 'a/' . esc_path($from->{'file'});
+		}
+		$line .= ' ';
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$line .= $cgi->a({-href => $to->{'href'}, -class => "path"},
+			                 'b/' . esc_path($to->{'file'}));
+		} else { # file was deleted
+			$line .= 'b/' . esc_path($to->{'file'});
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "<div class=\"diff header\">$line</div>\n";
+}
+
+# format extended diff header line, before patch itself
+sub format_extended_diff_header_line {
+	my $line = shift;
+	my $diffinfo = shift;
+	my ($from, $to) = @_;
+
+	# match <path>
+	if ($line =~ s!^((copy|rename) from ).*$!$1! && $from->{'href'}) {
+		$line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
+		                       esc_path($from->{'file'}));
+	}
+	if ($line =~ s!^((copy|rename) to ).*$!$1! && $to->{'href'}) {
+		$line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
+		                 esc_path($to->{'file'}));
+	}
+	# match single <mode>
+	if ($line =~ m/\s(\d{6})$/) {
+		$line .= '<span class="info"> (' .
+		         file_type_long($1) .
+		         ')</span>';
+	}
+	# match <hash>
+	if ($line =~ m/^index [0-9a-fA-F]{40},[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
+		# can match only for combined diff
+		$line = 'index ';
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
+			if ($from->{'href'}[$i]) {
+				$line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}[$i],
+				                  -class=>"hash"},
+				                 substr($diffinfo->{'from_id'}[$i],0,7));
+			} else {
+				$line .= '0' x 7;
+			}
+			# separator
+			$line .= ',' if ($i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'} - 1);
+		}
+		$line .= '..';
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$line .= $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"hash"},
+			                 substr($diffinfo->{'to_id'},0,7));
+		} else {
+			$line .= '0' x 7;
+		}
+
+	} elsif ($line =~ m/^index [0-9a-fA-F]{40}..[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
+		# can match only for ordinary diff
+		my ($from_link, $to_link);
+		if ($from->{'href'}) {
+			$from_link = $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}, -class=>"hash"},
+			                     substr($diffinfo->{'from_id'},0,7));
+		} else {
+			$from_link = '0' x 7;
+		}
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$to_link = $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"hash"},
+			                   substr($diffinfo->{'to_id'},0,7));
+		} else {
+			$to_link = '0' x 7;
+		}
+		my ($from_id, $to_id) = ($diffinfo->{'from_id'}, $diffinfo->{'to_id'});
+		$line =~ s!$from_id\.\.$to_id!$from_link..$to_link!;
+	}
+
+	return $line . "<br/>\n";
+}
+
+# format from-file/to-file diff header
+sub format_diff_from_to_header {
+	my ($from_line, $to_line, $diffinfo, $from, $to, @parents) = @_;
+	my $line;
+	my $result = '';
+
+	$line = $from_line;
+	#assert($line =~ m/^---/) if DEBUG;
+	# no extra formatting for "^--- /dev/null"
+	if (! $diffinfo->{'nparents'}) {
+		# ordinary (single parent) diff
+		if ($line =~ m!^--- "?a/!) {
+			if ($from->{'href'}) {
+				$line = '--- a/' .
+				        $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
+				                esc_path($from->{'file'}));
+			} else {
+				$line = '--- a/' .
+				        esc_path($from->{'file'});
+			}
+		}
+		$result .= qq!<div class="diff from_file">$line</div>\n!;
+
+	} else {
+		# combined diff (merge commit)
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
+			if ($from->{'href'}[$i]) {
+				$line = '--- ' .
+				        $cgi->a({-href=>href(action=>"blobdiff",
+				                             hash_parent=>$diffinfo->{'from_id'}[$i],
+				                             hash_parent_base=>$parents[$i],
+				                             file_parent=>$from->{'file'}[$i],
+				                             hash=>$diffinfo->{'to_id'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash,
+				                             file_name=>$to->{'file'}),
+				                 -class=>"path",
+				                 -title=>"diff" . ($i+1)},
+				                $i+1) .
+				        '/' .
+				        $cgi->a({-href=>$from->{'href'}[$i], -class=>"path"},
+				                esc_path($from->{'file'}[$i]));
+			} else {
+				$line = '--- /dev/null';
+			}
+			$result .= qq!<div class="diff from_file">$line</div>\n!;
+		}
+	}
+
+	$line = $to_line;
+	#assert($line =~ m/^\+\+\+/) if DEBUG;
+	# no extra formatting for "^+++ /dev/null"
+	if ($line =~ m!^\+\+\+ "?b/!) {
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$line = '+++ b/' .
+			        $cgi->a({-href=>$to->{'href'}, -class=>"path"},
+			                esc_path($to->{'file'}));
+		} else {
+			$line = '+++ b/' .
+			        esc_path($to->{'file'});
+		}
+	}
+	$result .= qq!<div class="diff to_file">$line</div>\n!;
+
+	return $result;
+}
+
+# create note for patch simplified by combined diff
+sub format_diff_cc_simplified {
+	my ($diffinfo, @parents) = @_;
+	my $result = '';
+
+	$result .= "<div class=\"diff header\">" .
+	           "diff --cc ";
+	if (!is_deleted($diffinfo)) {
+		$result .= $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
+		                                  hash_base=>$hash,
+		                                  hash=>$diffinfo->{'to_id'},
+		                                  file_name=>$diffinfo->{'to_file'}),
+		                    -class => "path"},
+		                   esc_path($diffinfo->{'to_file'}));
+	} else {
+		$result .= esc_path($diffinfo->{'to_file'});
+	}
+	$result .= "</div>\n" . # class="diff header"
+	           "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">" .
+	           "Simple merge" .
+	           "</div>\n"; # class="diff nodifferences"
+
+	return $result;
+}
+
+# format patch (diff) line (not to be used for diff headers)
+sub format_diff_line {
+	my $line = shift;
+	my ($from, $to) = @_;
+	my $diff_class = "";
+
+	chomp $line;
+
+	if ($from && $to && ref($from->{'href'}) eq "ARRAY") {
+		# combined diff
+		my $prefix = substr($line, 0, scalar @{$from->{'href'}});
+		if ($line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
+			$diff_class = " chunk_header";
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/^\\/) {
+			$diff_class = " incomplete";
+		} elsif ($prefix =~ tr/+/+/) {
+			$diff_class = " add";
+		} elsif ($prefix =~ tr/-/-/) {
+			$diff_class = " rem";
+		}
+	} else {
+		# assume ordinary diff
+		my $char = substr($line, 0, 1);
+		if ($char eq '+') {
+			$diff_class = " add";
+		} elsif ($char eq '-') {
+			$diff_class = " rem";
+		} elsif ($char eq '@') {
+			$diff_class = " chunk_header";
+		} elsif ($char eq "\\") {
+			$diff_class = " incomplete";
+		}
+	}
+	$line = untabify($line);
+	if ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{2} /) {
+		my ($from_text, $from_start, $from_lines, $to_text, $to_start, $to_lines, $section) =
+			$line =~ m/^\@{2} (-(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?) (\+(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?) \@{2}(.*)$/;
+
+		$from_lines = 0 unless defined $from_lines;
+		$to_lines   = 0 unless defined $to_lines;
+
+		if ($from->{'href'}) {
+			$from_text = $cgi->a({-href=>"$from->{'href'}#l$from_start",
+			                     -class=>"list"}, $from_text);
+		}
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$to_text   = $cgi->a({-href=>"$to->{'href'}#l$to_start",
+			                     -class=>"list"}, $to_text);
+		}
+		$line = "<span class=\"chunk_info\">@@ $from_text $to_text @@</span>" .
+		        "<span class=\"section\">" . esc_html($section, -nbsp=>1) . "</span>";
+		return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">$line</div>\n";
+	} elsif ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
+		my ($prefix, $ranges, $section) = $line =~ m/^(\@+) (.*?) \@+(.*)$/;
+		my (@from_text, @from_start, @from_nlines, $to_text, $to_start, $to_nlines);
+
+		@from_text = split(' ', $ranges);
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < @from_text; ++$i) {
+			($from_start[$i], $from_nlines[$i]) =
+				(split(',', substr($from_text[$i], 1)), 0);
+		}
+
+		$to_text   = pop @from_text;
+		$to_start  = pop @from_start;
+		$to_nlines = pop @from_nlines;
+
+		$line = "<span class=\"chunk_info\">$prefix ";
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < @from_text; ++$i) {
+			if ($from->{'href'}[$i]) {
+				$line .= $cgi->a({-href=>"$from->{'href'}[$i]#l$from_start[$i]",
+				                  -class=>"list"}, $from_text[$i]);
+			} else {
+				$line .= $from_text[$i];
+			}
+			$line .= " ";
+		}
+		if ($to->{'href'}) {
+			$line .= $cgi->a({-href=>"$to->{'href'}#l$to_start",
+			                  -class=>"list"}, $to_text);
+		} else {
+			$line .= $to_text;
+		}
+		$line .= " $prefix</span>" .
+		         "<span class=\"section\">" . esc_html($section, -nbsp=>1) . "</span>";
+		return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">$line</div>\n";
+	}
+	return "<div class=\"diff$diff_class\">" . esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1) . "</div>\n";
+}
+
+# Generates undef or something like "_snapshot_" or "snapshot (_tbz2_ _zip_)",
+# linked.  Pass the hash of the tree/commit to snapshot.
+sub format_snapshot_links {
+	my ($hash) = @_;
+	my $num_fmts = @snapshot_fmts;
+	if ($num_fmts > 1) {
+		# A parenthesized list of links bearing format names.
+		# e.g. "snapshot (_tar.gz_ _zip_)"
+		return "snapshot (" . join(' ', map
+			$cgi->a({
+				-href => href(
+					action=>"snapshot",
+					hash=>$hash,
+					snapshot_format=>$_
+				)
+			}, $known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'display'})
+		, @snapshot_fmts) . ")";
+	} elsif ($num_fmts == 1) {
+		# A single "snapshot" link whose tooltip bears the format name.
+		# i.e. "_snapshot_"
+		my ($fmt) = @snapshot_fmts;
+		return
+			$cgi->a({
+				-href => href(
+					action=>"snapshot",
+					hash=>$hash,
+					snapshot_format=>$fmt
+				),
+				-title => "in format: $known_snapshot_formats{$fmt}{'display'}"
+			}, "snapshot");
+	} else { # $num_fmts == 0
+		return undef;
+	}
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## functions returning values to be passed, perhaps after some
+## transformation, to other functions; e.g. returning arguments to href()
+
+# returns hash to be passed to href to generate gitweb URL
+# in -title key it returns description of link
+sub get_feed_info {
+	my $format = shift || 'Atom';
+	my %res = (action => lc($format));
+
+	# feed links are possible only for project views
+	return unless (defined $project);
+	# some views should link to OPML, or to generic project feed,
+	# or don't have specific feed yet (so they should use generic)
+	return if ($action =~ /^(?:tags|heads|forks|tag|search)$/x);
+
+	my $branch;
+	# branches refs uses 'refs/heads/' prefix (fullname) to differentiate
+	# from tag links; this also makes possible to detect branch links
+	if ((defined $hash_base && $hash_base =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!) ||
+	    (defined $hash      && $hash      =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!)) {
+		$branch = $1;
+	}
+	# find log type for feed description (title)
+	my $type = 'log';
+	if (defined $file_name) {
+		$type  = "history of $file_name";
+		$type .= "/" if ($action eq 'tree');
+		$type .= " on '$branch'" if (defined $branch);
+	} else {
+		$type = "log of $branch" if (defined $branch);
+	}
+
+	$res{-title} = $type;
+	$res{'hash'} = (defined $branch ? "refs/heads/$branch" : undef);
+	$res{'file_name'} = $file_name;
+
+	return %res;
+}
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## git utility subroutines, invoking git commands
+
+# returns path to the core git executable and the --git-dir parameter as list
+sub git_cmd {
+	$number_of_git_cmds++;
+	return $GIT, '--git-dir='.$git_dir;
+}
+
+# quote the given arguments for passing them to the shell
+# quote_command("command", "arg 1", "arg with ' and ! characters")
+# => "'command' 'arg 1' 'arg with '\'' and '\!' characters'"
+# Try to avoid using this function wherever possible.
+sub quote_command {
+	return join(' ',
+		map { my $a = $_; $a =~ s/(['!])/'\\$1'/g; "'$a'" } @_ );
+}
+
+# get HEAD ref of given project as hash
+sub git_get_head_hash {
+	return git_get_full_hash(shift, 'HEAD');
+}
+
+sub git_get_full_hash {
+	return git_get_hash(@_);
+}
+
+sub git_get_short_hash {
+	return git_get_hash(@_, '--short=7');
+}
+
+sub git_get_hash {
+	my ($project, $hash, @options) = @_;
+	my $o_git_dir = $git_dir;
+	my $retval = undef;
+	$git_dir = "$projectroot/$project";
+	if (open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'rev-parse',
+	    '--verify', '-q', @options, $hash) {
+		$retval = <$fd>;
+		chomp $retval if defined $retval;
+		close $fd;
+	}
+	if (defined $o_git_dir) {
+		$git_dir = $o_git_dir;
+	}
+	return $retval;
+}
+
+# get type of given object
+sub git_get_type {
+	my $hash = shift;
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-t', $hash or return;
+	my $type = <$fd>;
+	close $fd or return;
+	chomp $type;
+	return $type;
+}
+
+# repository configuration
+our $config_file = '';
+our %config;
+
+# store multiple values for single key as anonymous array reference
+# single values stored directly in the hash, not as [ <value> ]
+sub hash_set_multi {
+	my ($hash, $key, $value) = @_;
+
+	if (!exists $hash->{$key}) {
+		$hash->{$key} = $value;
+	} elsif (!ref $hash->{$key}) {
+		$hash->{$key} = [ $hash->{$key}, $value ];
+	} else {
+		push @{$hash->{$key}}, $value;
+	}
+}
+
+# return hash of git project configuration
+# optionally limited to some section, e.g. 'gitweb'
+sub git_parse_project_config {
+	my $section_regexp = shift;
+	my %config;
+
+	local $/ = "\0";
+
+	open my $fh, "-|", git_cmd(), "config", '-z', '-l',
+		or return;
+
+	while (my $keyval = <$fh>) {
+		chomp $keyval;
+		my ($key, $value) = split(/\n/, $keyval, 2);
+
+		hash_set_multi(\%config, $key, $value)
+			if (!defined $section_regexp || $key =~ /^(?:$section_regexp)\./o);
+	}
+	close $fh;
+
+	return %config;
+}
+
+# convert config value to boolean: 'true' or 'false'
+# no value, number > 0, 'true' and 'yes' values are true
+# rest of values are treated as false (never as error)
+sub config_to_bool {
+	my $val = shift;
+
+	return 1 if !defined $val;             # section.key
+
+	# strip leading and trailing whitespace
+	$val =~ s/^\s+//;
+	$val =~ s/\s+$//;
+
+	return (($val =~ /^\d+$/ && $val) ||   # section.key = 1
+	        ($val =~ /^(?:true|yes)$/i));  # section.key = true
+}
+
+# convert config value to simple decimal number
+# an optional value suffix of 'k', 'm', or 'g' will cause the value
+# to be multiplied by 1024, 1048576, or 1073741824
+sub config_to_int {
+	my $val = shift;
+
+	# strip leading and trailing whitespace
+	$val =~ s/^\s+//;
+	$val =~ s/\s+$//;
+
+	if (my ($num, $unit) = ($val =~ /^([0-9]*)([kmg])$/i)) {
+		$unit = lc($unit);
+		# unknown unit is treated as 1
+		return $num * ($unit eq 'g' ? 1073741824 :
+		               $unit eq 'm' ?    1048576 :
+		               $unit eq 'k' ?       1024 : 1);
+	}
+	return $val;
+}
+
+# convert config value to array reference, if needed
+sub config_to_multi {
+	my $val = shift;
+
+	return ref($val) ? $val : (defined($val) ? [ $val ] : []);
+}
+
+sub git_get_project_config {
+	my ($key, $type) = @_;
+
+	# key sanity check
+	return unless ($key);
+	$key =~ s/^gitweb\.//;
+	return if ($key =~ m/\W/);
+
+	# type sanity check
+	if (defined $type) {
+		$type =~ s/^--//;
+		$type = undef
+			unless ($type eq 'bool' || $type eq 'int');
+	}
+
+	# get config
+	if (!defined $config_file ||
+	    $config_file ne "$git_dir/config") {
+		%config = git_parse_project_config('gitweb');
+		$config_file = "$git_dir/config";
+	}
+
+	# check if config variable (key) exists
+	return unless exists $config{"gitweb.$key"};
+
+	# ensure given type
+	if (!defined $type) {
+		return $config{"gitweb.$key"};
+	} elsif ($type eq 'bool') {
+		# backward compatibility: 'git config --bool' returns true/false
+		return config_to_bool($config{"gitweb.$key"}) ? 'true' : 'false';
+	} elsif ($type eq 'int') {
+		return config_to_int($config{"gitweb.$key"});
+	}
+	return $config{"gitweb.$key"};
+}
+
+# get hash of given path at given ref
+sub git_get_hash_by_path {
+	my $base = shift;
+	my $path = shift || return undef;
+	my $type = shift;
+
+	$path =~ s,/+$,,;
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $base, "--", $path
+		or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
+	my $line = <$fd>;
+	close $fd or return undef;
+
+	if (!defined $line) {
+		# there is no tree or hash given by $path at $base
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	#'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa	panic.c'
+	$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t/;
+	if (defined $type && $type ne $2) {
+		# type doesn't match
+		return undef;
+	}
+	return $3;
+}
+
+# get path of entry with given hash at given tree-ish (ref)
+# used to get 'from' filename for combined diff (merge commit) for renames
+sub git_get_path_by_hash {
+	my $base = shift || return;
+	my $hash = shift || return;
+
+	local $/ = "\0";
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", '-r', '-t', '-z', $base
+		or return undef;
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		chomp $line;
+
+		#'040000 tree 595596a6a9117ddba9fe379b6b012b558bac8423	gitweb'
+		#'100644 blob e02e90f0429be0d2a69b76571101f20b8f75530f	gitweb/README'
+		if ($line =~ m/(?:[0-9]+) (?:.+) $hash\t(.+)$/) {
+			close $fd;
+			return $1;
+		}
+	}
+	close $fd;
+	return undef;
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## git utility functions, directly accessing git repository
+
+sub git_get_project_description {
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	$git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
+	open my $fd, '<', "$git_dir/description"
+		or return git_get_project_config('description');
+	my $descr = <$fd>;
+	close $fd;
+	if (defined $descr) {
+		chomp $descr;
+	}
+	return $descr;
+}
+
+sub git_get_project_ctags {
+	my $path = shift;
+	my $ctags = {};
+
+	$git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
+	opendir my $dh, "$git_dir/ctags"
+		or return $ctags;
+	foreach (grep { -f $_ } map { "$git_dir/ctags/$_" } readdir($dh)) {
+		open my $ct, '<', $_ or next;
+		my $val = <$ct>;
+		chomp $val;
+		close $ct;
+		my $ctag = $_; $ctag =~ s#.*/##;
+		$ctags->{$ctag} = $val;
+	}
+	closedir $dh;
+	$ctags;
+}
+
+sub git_populate_project_tagcloud {
+	my $ctags = shift;
+
+	# First, merge different-cased tags; tags vote on casing
+	my %ctags_lc;
+	foreach (keys %$ctags) {
+		$ctags_lc{lc $_}->{count} += $ctags->{$_};
+		if (not $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topcount}
+		    or $ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topcount} < $ctags->{$_}) {
+			$ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topcount} = $ctags->{$_};
+			$ctags_lc{lc $_}->{topname} = $_;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $cloud;
+	if (eval { require HTML::TagCloud; 1; }) {
+		$cloud = HTML::TagCloud->new;
+		foreach (sort keys %ctags_lc) {
+			# Pad the title with spaces so that the cloud looks
+			# less crammed.
+			my $title = $ctags_lc{$_}->{topname};
+			$title =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
+			$title =~ s/^/&nbsp;/g;
+			$title =~ s/$/&nbsp;/g;
+			$cloud->add($title, $home_link."?by_tag=".$_, $ctags_lc{$_}->{count});
+		}
+	} else {
+		$cloud = \%ctags_lc;
+	}
+	$cloud;
+}
+
+sub git_show_project_tagcloud {
+	my ($cloud, $count) = @_;
+	print STDERR ref($cloud)."..\n";
+	if (ref $cloud eq 'HTML::TagCloud') {
+		return $cloud->html_and_css($count);
+	} else {
+		my @tags = sort { $cloud->{$a}->{count} <=> $cloud->{$b}->{count} } keys %$cloud;
+		return '<p align="center">' . join (', ', map {
+			"<a href=\"$home_link?by_tag=$_\">$cloud->{$_}->{topname}</a>"
+		} splice(@tags, 0, $count)) . '</p>';
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_get_project_url_list {
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	$git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
+	open my $fd, '<', "$git_dir/cloneurl"
+		or return wantarray ?
+		@{ config_to_multi(git_get_project_config('url')) } :
+		   config_to_multi(git_get_project_config('url'));
+	my @git_project_url_list = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
+	close $fd;
+
+	return wantarray ? @git_project_url_list : \@git_project_url_list;
+}
+
+sub git_get_projects_list {
+	my ($filter) = @_;
+	my @list;
+
+	$filter ||= '';
+	$filter =~ s/\.git$//;
+
+	my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');
+
+	if (-d $projects_list) {
+		# search in directory
+		my $dir = $projects_list . ($filter ? "/$filter" : '');
+		# remove the trailing "/"
+		$dir =~ s!/+$!!;
+		my $pfxlen = length("$dir");
+		my $pfxdepth = ($dir =~ tr!/!!);
+
+		File::Find::find({
+			follow_fast => 1, # follow symbolic links
+			follow_skip => 2, # ignore duplicates
+			dangling_symlinks => 0, # ignore dangling symlinks, silently
+			wanted => sub {
+				# skip project-list toplevel, if we get it.
+				return if (m!^[/.]$!);
+				# only directories can be git repositories
+				return unless (-d $_);
+				# don't traverse too deep (Find is super slow on os x)
+				if (($File::Find::name =~ tr!/!!) - $pfxdepth > $project_maxdepth) {
+					$File::Find::prune = 1;
+					return;
+				}
+
+				my $subdir = substr($File::Find::name, $pfxlen + 1);
+				# we check related file in $projectroot
+				my $path = ($filter ? "$filter/" : '') . $subdir;
+				if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
+					push @list, { path => $path };
+					$File::Find::prune = 1;
+				}
+			},
+		}, "$dir");
+
+	} elsif (-f $projects_list) {
+		# read from file(url-encoded):
+		# 'git%2Fgit.git Linus+Torvalds'
+		# 'libs%2Fklibc%2Fklibc.git H.+Peter+Anvin'
+		# 'linux%2Fhotplug%2Fudev.git Greg+Kroah-Hartman'
+		my %paths;
+		open my $fd, '<', $projects_list or return;
+	PROJECT:
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			my ($path, $owner) = split ' ', $line;
+			$path = unescape($path);
+			$owner = unescape($owner);
+			if (!defined $path) {
+				next;
+			}
+			if ($filter ne '') {
+				# looking for forks;
+				my $pfx = substr($path, 0, length($filter));
+				if ($pfx ne $filter) {
+					next PROJECT;
+				}
+				my $sfx = substr($path, length($filter));
+				if ($sfx !~ /^\/.*\.git$/) {
+					next PROJECT;
+				}
+			} elsif ($check_forks) {
+			PATH:
+				foreach my $filter (keys %paths) {
+					# looking for forks;
+					my $pfx = substr($path, 0, length($filter));
+					if ($pfx ne $filter) {
+						next PATH;
+					}
+					my $sfx = substr($path, length($filter));
+					if ($sfx !~ /^\/.*\.git$/) {
+						next PATH;
+					}
+					# is a fork, don't include it in
+					# the list
+					next PROJECT;
+				}
+			}
+			if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
+				my $pr = {
+					path => $path,
+					owner => to_utf8($owner),
+				};
+				push @list, $pr;
+				(my $forks_path = $path) =~ s/\.git$//;
+				$paths{$forks_path}++;
+			}
+		}
+		close $fd;
+	}
+	return @list;
+}
+
+our $gitweb_project_owner = undef;
+sub git_get_project_list_from_file {
+
+	return if (defined $gitweb_project_owner);
+
+	$gitweb_project_owner = {};
+	# read from file (url-encoded):
+	# 'git%2Fgit.git Linus+Torvalds'
+	# 'libs%2Fklibc%2Fklibc.git H.+Peter+Anvin'
+	# 'linux%2Fhotplug%2Fudev.git Greg+Kroah-Hartman'
+	if (-f $projects_list) {
+		open(my $fd, '<', $projects_list);
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			my ($pr, $ow) = split ' ', $line;
+			$pr = unescape($pr);
+			$ow = unescape($ow);
+			$gitweb_project_owner->{$pr} = to_utf8($ow);
+		}
+		close $fd;
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_get_project_owner {
+	my $project = shift;
+	my $owner;
+
+	return undef unless $project;
+	$git_dir = "$projectroot/$project";
+
+	if (!defined $gitweb_project_owner) {
+		git_get_project_list_from_file();
+	}
+
+	if (exists $gitweb_project_owner->{$project}) {
+		$owner = $gitweb_project_owner->{$project};
+	}
+	if (!defined $owner){
+		$owner = git_get_project_config('owner');
+	}
+	if (!defined $owner) {
+		$owner = get_file_owner("$git_dir");
+	}
+
+	return $owner;
+}
+
+sub git_get_last_activity {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my $fd;
+
+	$git_dir = "$projectroot/$path";
+	open($fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
+	     '--format=%(committer)',
+	     '--sort=-committerdate',
+	     '--count=1',
+	     'refs/heads') or return;
+	my $most_recent = <$fd>;
+	close $fd or return;
+	if (defined $most_recent &&
+	    $most_recent =~ / (\d+) [-+][01]\d\d\d$/) {
+		my $timestamp = $1;
+		my $age = time - $timestamp;
+		return ($age, age_string($age));
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub git_get_references {
+	my $type = shift || "";
+	my %refs;
+	# 5dc01c595e6c6ec9ccda4f6f69c131c0dd945f8c refs/tags/v2.6.11
+	# c39ae07f393806ccf406ef966e9a15afc43cc36a refs/tags/v2.6.11^{}
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "show-ref", "--dereference",
+		($type ? ("--", "refs/$type") : ()) # use -- <pattern> if $type
+		or return;
+
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		chomp $line;
+		if ($line =~ m!^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\srefs/($type.*)$!) {
+			if (defined $refs{$1}) {
+				push @{$refs{$1}}, $2;
+			} else {
+				$refs{$1} = [ $2 ];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	close $fd or return;
+	return \%refs;
+}
+
+sub git_get_rev_name_tags {
+	my $hash = shift || return undef;
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "name-rev", "--tags", $hash
+		or return;
+	my $name_rev = <$fd>;
+	close $fd;
+
+	if ($name_rev =~ m|^$hash tags/(.*)$|) {
+		return $1;
+	} else {
+		# catches also '$hash undefined' output
+		return undef;
+	}
+}
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## parse to hash functions
+
+sub parse_date {
+	my $epoch = shift;
+	my $tz = shift || "-0000";
+
+	my %date;
+	my @months = ("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec");
+	my @days = ("Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat");
+	my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday) = gmtime($epoch);
+	$date{'hour'} = $hour;
+	$date{'minute'} = $min;
+	$date{'mday'} = $mday;
+	$date{'day'} = $days[$wday];
+	$date{'month'} = $months[$mon];
+	$date{'rfc2822'}   = sprintf "%s, %d %s %4d %02d:%02d:%02d +0000",
+	                     $days[$wday], $mday, $months[$mon], 1900+$year, $hour ,$min, $sec;
+	$date{'mday-time'} = sprintf "%d %s %02d:%02d",
+	                     $mday, $months[$mon], $hour ,$min;
+	$date{'iso-8601'}  = sprintf "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02dZ",
+	                     1900+$year, 1+$mon, $mday, $hour ,$min, $sec;
+
+	$tz =~ m/^([+\-][0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])$/;
+	my $local = $epoch + ((int $1 + ($2/60)) * 3600);
+	($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday) = gmtime($local);
+	$date{'hour_local'} = $hour;
+	$date{'minute_local'} = $min;
+	$date{'tz_local'} = $tz;
+	$date{'iso-tz'} = sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s",
+	                          1900+$year, $mon+1, $mday,
+	                          $hour, $min, $sec, $tz);
+	return %date;
+}
+
+sub parse_tag {
+	my $tag_id = shift;
+	my %tag;
+	my @comment;
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "tag", $tag_id or return;
+	$tag{'id'} = $tag_id;
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		chomp $line;
+		if ($line =~ m/^object ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
+			$tag{'object'} = $1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/^type (.+)$/) {
+			$tag{'type'} = $1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/^tag (.+)$/) {
+			$tag{'name'} = $1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/^tagger (.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/) {
+			$tag{'author'} = $1;
+			$tag{'author_epoch'} = $2;
+			$tag{'author_tz'} = $3;
+			if ($tag{'author'} =~ m/^([^<]+) <([^>]*)>/) {
+				$tag{'author_name'}  = $1;
+				$tag{'author_email'} = $2;
+			} else {
+				$tag{'author_name'} = $tag{'author'};
+			}
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/--BEGIN/) {
+			push @comment, $line;
+			last;
+		} elsif ($line eq "") {
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	push @comment, <$fd>;
+	$tag{'comment'} = \@comment;
+	close $fd or return;
+	if (!defined $tag{'name'}) {
+		return
+	};
+	return %tag
+}
+
+sub parse_commit_text {
+	my ($commit_text, $withparents) = @_;
+	my @commit_lines = split '\n', $commit_text;
+	my %co;
+
+	pop @commit_lines; # Remove '\0'
+
+	if (! @commit_lines) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	my $header = shift @commit_lines;
+	if ($header !~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
+		return;
+	}
+	($co{'id'}, my @parents) = split ' ', $header;
+	while (my $line = shift @commit_lines) {
+		last if $line eq "\n";
+		if ($line =~ m/^tree ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
+			$co{'tree'} = $1;
+		} elsif ((!defined $withparents) && ($line =~ m/^parent ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/)) {
+			push @parents, $1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/^author (.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/) {
+			$co{'author'} = to_utf8($1);
+			$co{'author_epoch'} = $2;
+			$co{'author_tz'} = $3;
+			if ($co{'author'} =~ m/^([^<]+) <([^>]*)>/) {
+				$co{'author_name'}  = $1;
+				$co{'author_email'} = $2;
+			} else {
+				$co{'author_name'} = $co{'author'};
+			}
+		} elsif ($line =~ m/^committer (.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/) {
+			$co{'committer'} = to_utf8($1);
+			$co{'committer_epoch'} = $2;
+			$co{'committer_tz'} = $3;
+			if ($co{'committer'} =~ m/^([^<]+) <([^>]*)>/) {
+				$co{'committer_name'}  = $1;
+				$co{'committer_email'} = $2;
+			} else {
+				$co{'committer_name'} = $co{'committer'};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (!defined $co{'tree'}) {
+		return;
+	};
+	$co{'parents'} = \@parents;
+	$co{'parent'} = $parents[0];
+
+	foreach my $title (@commit_lines) {
+		$title =~ s/^    //;
+		if ($title ne "") {
+			$co{'title'} = chop_str($title, 80, 5);
+			# remove leading stuff of merges to make the interesting part visible
+			if (length($title) > 50) {
+				$title =~ s/^Automatic //;
+				$title =~ s/^merge (of|with) /Merge ... /i;
+				if (length($title) > 50) {
+					$title =~ s/(http|rsync):\/\///;
+				}
+				if (length($title) > 50) {
+					$title =~ s/(master|www|rsync)\.//;
+				}
+				if (length($title) > 50) {
+					$title =~ s/kernel.org:?//;
+				}
+				if (length($title) > 50) {
+					$title =~ s/\/pub\/scm//;
+				}
+			}
+			$co{'title_short'} = chop_str($title, 50, 5);
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if (! defined $co{'title'} || $co{'title'} eq "") {
+		$co{'title'} = $co{'title_short'} = '(no commit message)';
+	}
+	# remove added spaces
+	foreach my $line (@commit_lines) {
+		$line =~ s/^    //;
+	}
+	$co{'comment'} = \@commit_lines;
+
+	my $age = time - $co{'committer_epoch'};
+	$co{'age'} = $age;
+	$co{'age_string'} = age_string($age);
+	my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday) = gmtime($co{'committer_epoch'});
+	if ($age > 60*60*24*7*2) {
+		$co{'age_string_date'} = sprintf "%4i-%02u-%02i", 1900 + $year, $mon+1, $mday;
+		$co{'age_string_age'} = $co{'age_string'};
+	} else {
+		$co{'age_string_date'} = $co{'age_string'};
+		$co{'age_string_age'} = sprintf "%4i-%02u-%02i", 1900 + $year, $mon+1, $mday;
+	}
+	return %co;
+}
+
+sub parse_commit {
+	my ($commit_id) = @_;
+	my %co;
+
+	local $/ = "\0";
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list",
+		"--parents",
+		"--header",
+		"--max-count=1",
+		$commit_id,
+		"--",
+		or die_error(500, "Open git-rev-list failed");
+	%co = parse_commit_text(<$fd>, 1);
+	close $fd;
+
+	return %co;
+}
+
+sub parse_commits {
+	my ($commit_id, $maxcount, $skip, $filename, @args) = @_;
+	my @cos;
+
+	$maxcount ||= 1;
+	$skip ||= 0;
+
+	local $/ = "\0";
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "rev-list",
+		"--header",
+		@args,
+		("--max-count=" . $maxcount),
+		("--skip=" . $skip),
+		@extra_options,
+		$commit_id,
+		"--",
+		($filename ? ($filename) : ())
+		or die_error(500, "Open git-rev-list failed");
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		my %co = parse_commit_text($line);
+		push @cos, \%co;
+	}
+	close $fd;
+
+	return wantarray ? @cos : \@cos;
+}
+
+# parse line of git-diff-tree "raw" output
+sub parse_difftree_raw_line {
+	my $line = shift;
+	my %res;
+
+	# ':100644 100644 03b218260e99b78c6df0ed378e59ed9205ccc96d 3b93d5e7cc7f7dd4ebed13a5cc1a4ad976fc94d8 M	ls-files.c'
+	# ':100644 100644 7f9281985086971d3877aca27704f2aaf9c448ce bc190ebc71bbd923f2b728e505408f5e54bd073a M	rev-tree.c'
+	if ($line =~ m/^:([0-7]{6}) ([0-7]{6}) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40}) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40}) (.)([0-9]{0,3})\t(.*)$/) {
+		$res{'from_mode'} = $1;
+		$res{'to_mode'} = $2;
+		$res{'from_id'} = $3;
+		$res{'to_id'} = $4;
+		$res{'status'} = $5;
+		$res{'similarity'} = $6;
+		if ($res{'status'} eq 'R' || $res{'status'} eq 'C') { # renamed or copied
+			($res{'from_file'}, $res{'to_file'}) = map { unquote($_) } split("\t", $7);
+		} else {
+			$res{'from_file'} = $res{'to_file'} = $res{'file'} = unquote($7);
+		}
+	}
+	# '::100755 100755 100755 60e79ca1b01bc8b057abe17ddab484699a7f5fdb 94067cc5f73388f33722d52ae02f44692bc07490 94067cc5f73388f33722d52ae02f44692bc07490 MR	git-gui/git-gui.sh'
+	# combined diff (for merge commit)
+	elsif ($line =~ s/^(::+)((?:[0-7]{6} )+)((?:[0-9a-fA-F]{40} )+)([a-zA-Z]+)\t(.*)$//) {
+		$res{'nparents'}  = length($1);
+		$res{'from_mode'} = [ split(' ', $2) ];
+		$res{'to_mode'} = pop @{$res{'from_mode'}};
+		$res{'from_id'} = [ split(' ', $3) ];
+		$res{'to_id'} = pop @{$res{'from_id'}};
+		$res{'status'} = [ split('', $4) ];
+		$res{'to_file'} = unquote($5);
+	}
+	# 'c512b523472485aef4fff9e57b229d9d243c967f'
+	elsif ($line =~ m/^([0-9a-fA-F]{40})$/) {
+		$res{'commit'} = $1;
+	}
+
+	return wantarray ? %res : \%res;
+}
+
+# wrapper: return parsed line of git-diff-tree "raw" output
+# (the argument might be raw line, or parsed info)
+sub parsed_difftree_line {
+	my $line_or_ref = shift;
+
+	if (ref($line_or_ref) eq "HASH") {
+		# pre-parsed (or generated by hand)
+		return $line_or_ref;
+	} else {
+		return parse_difftree_raw_line($line_or_ref);
+	}
+}
+
+# parse line of git-ls-tree output
+sub parse_ls_tree_line {
+	my $line = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+	my %res;
+
+	if ($opts{'-l'}) {
+		#'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa   16717	panic.c'
+		$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40}) +(-|[0-9]+)\t(.+)$/s;
+
+		$res{'mode'} = $1;
+		$res{'type'} = $2;
+		$res{'hash'} = $3;
+		$res{'size'} = $4;
+		if ($opts{'-z'}) {
+			$res{'name'} = $5;
+		} else {
+			$res{'name'} = unquote($5);
+		}
+	} else {
+		#'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa	panic.c'
+		$line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t(.+)$/s;
+
+		$res{'mode'} = $1;
+		$res{'type'} = $2;
+		$res{'hash'} = $3;
+		if ($opts{'-z'}) {
+			$res{'name'} = $4;
+		} else {
+			$res{'name'} = unquote($4);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return wantarray ? %res : \%res;
+}
+
+# generates _two_ hashes, references to which are passed as 2 and 3 argument
+sub parse_from_to_diffinfo {
+	my ($diffinfo, $from, $to, @parents) = @_;
+
+	if ($diffinfo->{'nparents'}) {
+		# combined diff
+		$from->{'file'} = [];
+		$from->{'href'} = [];
+		fill_from_file_info($diffinfo, @parents)
+			unless exists $diffinfo->{'from_file'};
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < $diffinfo->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
+			$from->{'file'}[$i] =
+				defined $diffinfo->{'from_file'}[$i] ?
+				        $diffinfo->{'from_file'}[$i] :
+				        $diffinfo->{'to_file'};
+			if ($diffinfo->{'status'}[$i] ne "A") { # not new (added) file
+				$from->{'href'}[$i] = href(action=>"blob",
+				                           hash_base=>$parents[$i],
+				                           hash=>$diffinfo->{'from_id'}[$i],
+				                           file_name=>$from->{'file'}[$i]);
+			} else {
+				$from->{'href'}[$i] = undef;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		# ordinary (not combined) diff
+		$from->{'file'} = $diffinfo->{'from_file'};
+		if ($diffinfo->{'status'} ne "A") { # not new (added) file
+			$from->{'href'} = href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash_parent,
+			                       hash=>$diffinfo->{'from_id'},
+			                       file_name=>$from->{'file'});
+		} else {
+			delete $from->{'href'};
+		}
+	}
+
+	$to->{'file'} = $diffinfo->{'to_file'};
+	if (!is_deleted($diffinfo)) { # file exists in result
+		$to->{'href'} = href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash,
+		                     hash=>$diffinfo->{'to_id'},
+		                     file_name=>$to->{'file'});
+	} else {
+		delete $to->{'href'};
+	}
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## parse to array of hashes functions
+
+sub git_get_heads_list {
+	my $limit = shift;
+	my @headslist;
+
+	open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
+		($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-committerdate',
+		'--format=%(objectname) %(refname) %(subject)%00%(committer)',
+		'refs/heads'
+		or return;
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		my %ref_item;
+
+		chomp $line;
+		my ($refinfo, $committerinfo) = split(/\0/, $line);
+		my ($hash, $name, $title) = split(' ', $refinfo, 3);
+		my ($committer, $epoch, $tz) =
+			($committerinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
+		$ref_item{'fullname'}  = $name;
+		$name =~ s!^refs/heads/!!;
+
+		$ref_item{'name'}  = $name;
+		$ref_item{'id'}    = $hash;
+		$ref_item{'title'} = $title || '(no commit message)';
+		$ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
+		if ($epoch) {
+			$ref_item{'age'} = age_string(time - $ref_item{'epoch'});
+		} else {
+			$ref_item{'age'} = "unknown";
+		}
+
+		push @headslist, \%ref_item;
+	}
+	close $fd;
+
+	return wantarray ? @headslist : \@headslist;
+}
+
+sub git_get_tags_list {
+	my $limit = shift;
+	my @tagslist;
+
+	open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), 'for-each-ref',
+		($limit ? '--count='.($limit+1) : ()), '--sort=-creatordate',
+		'--format=%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname) '.
+		'%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(subject)%00%(creator)',
+		'refs/tags'
+		or return;
+	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+		my %ref_item;
+
+		chomp $line;
+		my ($refinfo, $creatorinfo) = split(/\0/, $line);
+		my ($id, $type, $name, $refid, $reftype, $title) = split(' ', $refinfo, 6);
+		my ($creator, $epoch, $tz) =
+			($creatorinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
+		$ref_item{'fullname'} = $name;
+		$name =~ s!^refs/tags/!!;
+
+		$ref_item{'type'} = $type;
+		$ref_item{'id'} = $id;
+		$ref_item{'name'} = $name;
+		if ($type eq "tag") {
+			$ref_item{'subject'} = $title;
+			$ref_item{'reftype'} = $reftype;
+			$ref_item{'refid'}   = $refid;
+		} else {
+			$ref_item{'reftype'} = $type;
+			$ref_item{'refid'}   = $id;
+		}
+
+		if ($type eq "tag" || $type eq "commit") {
+			$ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
+			if ($epoch) {
+				$ref_item{'age'} = age_string(time - $ref_item{'epoch'});
+			} else {
+				$ref_item{'age'} = "unknown";
+			}
+		}
+
+		push @tagslist, \%ref_item;
+	}
+	close $fd;
+
+	return wantarray ? @tagslist : \@tagslist;
+}
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## filesystem-related functions
+
+sub get_file_owner {
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	my ($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $st_uid, $st_gid, $rdev, $size) = stat($path);
+	my ($name, $passwd, $uid, $gid, $quota, $comment, $gcos, $dir, $shell) = getpwuid($st_uid);
+	if (!defined $gcos) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+	my $owner = $gcos;
+	$owner =~ s/[,;].*$//;
+	return to_utf8($owner);
+}
+
+# assume that file exists
+sub insert_file {
+	my $filename = shift;
+
+	open my $fd, '<', $filename;
+	print map { to_utf8($_) } <$fd>;
+	close $fd;
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## mimetype related functions
+
+sub mimetype_guess_file {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $mimemap = shift;
+	-r $mimemap or return undef;
+
+	my %mimemap;
+	open(my $mh, '<', $mimemap) or return undef;
+	while (<$mh>) {
+		next if m/^#/; # skip comments
+		my ($mimetype, $exts) = split(/\t+/);
+		if (defined $exts) {
+			my @exts = split(/\s+/, $exts);
+			foreach my $ext (@exts) {
+				$mimemap{$ext} = $mimetype;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	close($mh);
+
+	$filename =~ /\.([^.]*)$/;
+	return $mimemap{$1};
+}
+
+sub mimetype_guess {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $mime;
+	$filename =~ /\./ or return undef;
+
+	if ($mimetypes_file) {
+		my $file = $mimetypes_file;
+		if ($file !~ m!^/!) { # if it is relative path
+			# it is relative to project
+			$file = "$projectroot/$project/$file";
+		}
+		$mime = mimetype_guess_file($filename, $file);
+	}
+	$mime ||= mimetype_guess_file($filename, '/etc/mime.types');
+	return $mime;
+}
+
+sub blob_mimetype {
+	my $fd = shift;
+	my $filename = shift;
+
+	if ($filename) {
+		my $mime = mimetype_guess($filename);
+		$mime and return $mime;
+	}
+
+	# just in case
+	return $default_blob_plain_mimetype unless $fd;
+
+	if (-T $fd) {
+		return 'text/plain';
+	} elsif (! $filename) {
+		return 'application/octet-stream';
+	} elsif ($filename =~ m/\.png$/i) {
+		return 'image/png';
+	} elsif ($filename =~ m/\.gif$/i) {
+		return 'image/gif';
+	} elsif ($filename =~ m/\.jpe?g$/i) {
+		return 'image/jpeg';
+	} else {
+		return 'application/octet-stream';
+	}
+}
+
+sub blob_contenttype {
+	my ($fd, $file_name, $type) = @_;
+
+	$type ||= blob_mimetype($fd, $file_name);
+	if ($type eq 'text/plain' && defined $default_text_plain_charset) {
+		$type .= "; charset=$default_text_plain_charset";
+	}
+
+	return $type;
+}
+
+## ======================================================================
+## functions printing HTML: header, footer, error page
+
+sub git_header_html {
+	my $status = shift || "200 OK";
+	my $expires = shift;
+
+	my $title = "$site_name";
+	if (defined $project) {
+		$title .= " - " . to_utf8($project);
+		if (defined $action) {
+			$title .= "/$action";
+			if (defined $file_name) {
+				$title .= " - " . esc_path($file_name);
+				if ($action eq "tree" && $file_name !~ m|/$|) {
+					$title .= "/";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my $content_type;
+	# require explicit support from the UA if we are to send the page as
+	# 'application/xhtml+xml', otherwise send it as plain old 'text/html'.
+	# we have to do this because MSIE sometimes globs '*/*', pretending to
+	# support xhtml+xml but choking when it gets what it asked for.
+	if (defined $cgi->http('HTTP_ACCEPT') &&
+	    $cgi->http('HTTP_ACCEPT') =~ m/(,|;|\s|^)application\/xhtml\+xml(,|;|\s|$)/ &&
+	    $cgi->Accept('application/xhtml+xml') != 0) {
+		$content_type = 'application/xhtml+xml';
+	} else {
+		$content_type = 'text/html';
+	}
+	print $cgi->header(-type=>$content_type, -charset => 'utf-8',
+	                   -status=> $status, -expires => $expires);
+	my $mod_perl_version = $ENV{'MOD_PERL'} ? " $ENV{'MOD_PERL'}" : '';
+	print <<EOF;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US" lang="en-US">
+<!-- git web interface version $version, (C) 2005-2006, Kay Sievers <kay.sievers\@vrfy.org>, Christian Gierke -->
+<!-- git core binaries version $git_version -->
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="$content_type; charset=utf-8"/>
+<meta name="generator" content="gitweb/$version git/$git_version$mod_perl_version"/>
+<meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow"/>
+<title>$title</title>
+EOF
+	# the stylesheet, favicon etc urls won't work correctly with path_info
+	# unless we set the appropriate base URL
+	if ($ENV{'PATH_INFO'}) {
+		print "<base href=\"".esc_url($base_url)."\" />\n";
+	}
+	# print out each stylesheet that exist, providing backwards capability
+	# for those people who defined $stylesheet in a config file
+	if (defined $stylesheet) {
+		print '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'.$stylesheet.'"/>'."\n";
+	} else {
+		foreach my $stylesheet (@stylesheets) {
+			next unless $stylesheet;
+			print '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'.$stylesheet.'"/>'."\n";
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined $project) {
+		my %href_params = get_feed_info();
+		if (!exists $href_params{'-title'}) {
+			$href_params{'-title'} = 'log';
+		}
+
+		foreach my $format qw(RSS Atom) {
+			my $type = lc($format);
+			my %link_attr = (
+				'-rel' => 'alternate',
+				'-title' => "$project - $href_params{'-title'} - $format feed",
+				'-type' => "application/$type+xml"
+			);
+
+			$href_params{'action'} = $type;
+			$link_attr{'-href'} = href(%href_params);
+			print "<link ".
+			      "rel=\"$link_attr{'-rel'}\" ".
+			      "title=\"$link_attr{'-title'}\" ".
+			      "href=\"$link_attr{'-href'}\" ".
+			      "type=\"$link_attr{'-type'}\" ".
+			      "/>\n";
+
+			$href_params{'extra_options'} = '--no-merges';
+			$link_attr{'-href'} = href(%href_params);
+			$link_attr{'-title'} .= ' (no merges)';
+			print "<link ".
+			      "rel=\"$link_attr{'-rel'}\" ".
+			      "title=\"$link_attr{'-title'}\" ".
+			      "href=\"$link_attr{'-href'}\" ".
+			      "type=\"$link_attr{'-type'}\" ".
+			      "/>\n";
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		printf('<link rel="alternate" title="%s projects list" '.
+		       'href="%s" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />'."\n",
+		       $site_name, href(project=>undef, action=>"project_index"));
+		printf('<link rel="alternate" title="%s projects feeds" '.
+		       'href="%s" type="text/x-opml" />'."\n",
+		       $site_name, href(project=>undef, action=>"opml"));
+	}
+	if (defined $favicon) {
+		print qq(<link rel="shortcut icon" href="$favicon" type="image/png" />\n);
+	}
+
+	print "</head>\n" .
+	      "<body>\n";
+
+	if (defined $site_header && -f $site_header) {
+		insert_file($site_header);
+	}
+
+	print "<div class=\"page_header\">\n" .
+	      $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($logo_url),
+	               -title => $logo_label},
+	              qq(<img src="$logo" width="72" height="27" alt="git" class="logo"/>));
+	print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($home_link)}, $home_link_str) . " / ";
+	if (defined $project) {
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"summary")}, esc_html($project));
+		if (defined $action) {
+			print " / $action";
+		}
+		print "\n";
+	}
+	print "</div>\n";
+
+	my $have_search = gitweb_check_feature('search');
+	if (defined $project && $have_search) {
+		if (!defined $searchtext) {
+			$searchtext = "";
+		}
+		my $search_hash;
+		if (defined $hash_base) {
+			$search_hash = $hash_base;
+		} elsif (defined $hash) {
+			$search_hash = $hash;
+		} else {
+			$search_hash = "HEAD";
+		}
+		my $action = $my_uri;
+		my $use_pathinfo = gitweb_check_feature('pathinfo');
+		if ($use_pathinfo) {
+			$action .= "/".esc_url($project);
+		}
+		print $cgi->startform(-method => "get", -action => $action) .
+		      "<div class=\"search\">\n" .
+		      (!$use_pathinfo &&
+		      $cgi->input({-name=>"p", -value=>$project, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n") .
+		      $cgi->input({-name=>"a", -value=>"search", -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
+		      $cgi->input({-name=>"h", -value=>$search_hash, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
+		      $cgi->popup_menu(-name => 'st', -default => 'commit',
+		                       -values => ['commit', 'grep', 'author', 'committer', 'pickaxe']) .
+		      $cgi->sup($cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help")}, "?")) .
+		      " search:\n",
+		      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext) . "\n" .
+		      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
+		      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
+		                     -checked => $search_use_regexp) .
+		      "</span>" .
+		      "</div>" .
+		      $cgi->end_form() . "\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_footer_html {
+	my $feed_class = 'rss_logo';
+
+	print "<div class=\"page_footer\">\n";
+	if (defined $project) {
+		my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
+		if (defined $descr) {
+			print "<div class=\"page_footer_text\">" . esc_html($descr) . "</div>\n";
+		}
+
+		my %href_params = get_feed_info();
+		if (!%href_params) {
+			$feed_class .= ' generic';
+		}
+		$href_params{'-title'} ||= 'log';
+
+		foreach my $format qw(RSS Atom) {
+			$href_params{'action'} = lc($format);
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(%href_params),
+			              -title => "$href_params{'-title'} $format feed",
+			              -class => $feed_class}, $format)."\n";
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"opml"),
+		              -class => $feed_class}, "OPML") . " ";
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>undef, action=>"project_index"),
+		              -class => $feed_class}, "TXT") . "\n";
+	}
+	print "</div>\n"; # class="page_footer"
+
+	if (defined $t0 && gitweb_check_feature('timed')) {
+		print "<div id=\"generating_info\">\n";
+		print 'This page took '.
+		      '<span id="generating_time" class="time_span">'.
+		      Time::HiRes::tv_interval($t0, [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()]).
+		      ' seconds </span>'.
+		      ' and '.
+		      '<span id="generating_cmd">'.
+		      $number_of_git_cmds.
+		      '</span> git commands '.
+		      " to generate.\n";
+		print "</div>\n"; # class="page_footer"
+	}
+
+	if (defined $site_footer && -f $site_footer) {
+		insert_file($site_footer);
+	}
+
+	print qq!<script type="text/javascript" src="$javascript"></script>\n!;
+	if (defined $action &&
+	    $action eq 'blame_incremental') {
+		print qq!<script type="text/javascript">\n!.
+		      qq!startBlame("!. href(action=>"blame_data", -replay=>1) .qq!",\n!.
+		      qq!           "!. href() .qq!");\n!.
+		      qq!</script>\n!;
+	} elsif (gitweb_check_feature('javascript-actions')) {
+		print qq!<script type="text/javascript">\n!.
+		      qq!window.onload = fixLinks;\n!.
+		      qq!</script>\n!;
+	}
+
+	print "</body>\n" .
+	      "</html>";
+}
+
+# die_error(<http_status_code>, <error_message>)
+# Example: die_error(404, 'Hash not found')
+# By convention, use the following status codes (as defined in RFC 2616):
+# 400: Invalid or missing CGI parameters, or
+#      requested object exists but has wrong type.
+# 403: Requested feature (like "pickaxe" or "snapshot") not enabled on
+#      this server or project.
+# 404: Requested object/revision/project doesn't exist.
+# 500: The server isn't configured properly, or
+#      an internal error occurred (e.g. failed assertions caused by bugs), or
+#      an unknown error occurred (e.g. the git binary died unexpectedly).
+# 503: The server is currently unavailable (because it is overloaded,
+#      or down for maintenance).  Generally, this is a temporary state.
+sub die_error {
+	my $status = shift || 500;
+	my $error = shift || "Internal server error";
+	my $extra = shift;
+
+	my %http_responses = (
+		400 => '400 Bad Request',
+		403 => '403 Forbidden',
+		404 => '404 Not Found',
+		500 => '500 Internal Server Error',
+		503 => '503 Service Unavailable',
+	);
+	git_header_html($http_responses{$status});
+	print <<EOF;
+<div class="page_body">
+<br /><br />
+$status - $error
+<br />
+EOF
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<hr />\n" .
+		      "$extra\n";
+	}
+	print "</div>\n";
+
+	git_footer_html();
+	exit;
+}
+
+## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+## functions printing or outputting HTML: navigation
+
+sub git_print_page_nav {
+	my ($current, $suppress, $head, $treehead, $treebase, $extra) = @_;
+	$extra = '' if !defined $extra; # pager or formats
+
+	my @navs = qw(summary shortlog log commit commitdiff tree);
+	if ($suppress) {
+		@navs = grep { $_ ne $suppress } @navs;
+	}
+
+	my %arg = map { $_ => {action=>$_} } @navs;
+	if (defined $head) {
+		for (qw(commit commitdiff)) {
+			$arg{$_}{'hash'} = $head;
+		}
+		if ($current =~ m/^(tree | log | shortlog | commit | commitdiff | search)$/x) {
+			for (qw(shortlog log)) {
+				$arg{$_}{'hash'} = $head;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$arg{'tree'}{'hash'} = $treehead if defined $treehead;
+	$arg{'tree'}{'hash_base'} = $treebase if defined $treebase;
+
+	my @actions = gitweb_get_feature('actions');
+	my %repl = (
+		'%' => '%',
+		'n' => $project,         # project name
+		'f' => $git_dir,         # project path within filesystem
+		'h' => $treehead || '',  # current hash ('h' parameter)
+		'b' => $treebase || '',  # hash base ('hb' parameter)
+	);
+	while (@actions) {
+		my ($label, $link, $pos) = splice(@actions,0,3);
+		# insert
+		@navs = map { $_ eq $pos ? ($_, $label) : $_ } @navs;
+		# munch munch
+		$link =~ s/%([%nfhb])/$repl{$1}/g;
+		$arg{$label}{'_href'} = $link;
+	}
+
+	print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n" .
+		(join " | ",
+		 map { $_ eq $current ?
+		       $_ : $cgi->a({-href => ($arg{$_}{_href} ? $arg{$_}{_href} : href(%{$arg{$_}}))}, "$_")
+		 } @navs);
+	print "<br/>\n$extra<br/>\n" .
+	      "</div>\n";
+}
+
+sub format_paging_nav {
+	my ($action, $page, $has_next_link) = @_;
+	my $paging_nav;
+
+
+	if ($page > 0) {
+		$paging_nav .=
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>undef)}, "first") .
+			" &sdot; " .
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page-1),
+			         -accesskey => "p", -title => "Alt-p"}, "prev");
+	} else {
+		$paging_nav .= "first &sdot; prev";
+	}
+
+	if ($has_next_link) {
+		$paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
+			         -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
+	} else {
+		$paging_nav .= " &sdot; next";
+	}
+
+	return $paging_nav;
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## functions printing or outputting HTML: div
+
+sub git_print_header_div {
+	my ($action, $title, $hash, $hash_base) = @_;
+	my %args = ();
+
+	$args{'action'} = $action;
+	$args{'hash'} = $hash if $hash;
+	$args{'hash_base'} = $hash_base if $hash_base;
+
+	print "<div class=\"header\">\n" .
+	      $cgi->a({-href => href(%args), -class => "title"},
+	      $title ? $title : $action) .
+	      "\n</div>\n";
+}
+
+sub print_local_time {
+	print format_local_time(@_);
+}
+
+sub format_local_time {
+	my $localtime = '';
+	my %date = @_;
+	if ($date{'hour_local'} < 6) {
+		$localtime .= sprintf(" (<span class=\"atnight\">%02d:%02d</span> %s)",
+			$date{'hour_local'}, $date{'minute_local'}, $date{'tz_local'});
+	} else {
+		$localtime .= sprintf(" (%02d:%02d %s)",
+			$date{'hour_local'}, $date{'minute_local'}, $date{'tz_local'});
+	}
+
+	return $localtime;
+}
+
+# Outputs the author name and date in long form
+sub git_print_authorship {
+	my $co = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+	my $tag = $opts{-tag} || 'div';
+	my $author = $co->{'author_name'};
+
+	my %ad = parse_date($co->{'author_epoch'}, $co->{'author_tz'});
+	print "<$tag class=\"author_date\">" .
+	      format_search_author($author, "author", esc_html($author)) .
+	      " [$ad{'rfc2822'}";
+	print_local_time(%ad) if ($opts{-localtime});
+	print "]" . git_get_avatar($co->{'author_email'}, -pad_before => 1)
+		  . "</$tag>\n";
+}
+
+# Outputs table rows containing the full author or committer information,
+# in the format expected for 'commit' view (& similia).
+# Parameters are a commit hash reference, followed by the list of people
+# to output information for. If the list is empty it defalts to both
+# author and committer.
+sub git_print_authorship_rows {
+	my $co = shift;
+	# too bad we can't use @people = @_ || ('author', 'committer')
+	my @people = @_;
+	@people = ('author', 'committer') unless @people;
+	foreach my $who (@people) {
+		my %wd = parse_date($co->{"${who}_epoch"}, $co->{"${who}_tz"});
+		print "<tr><td>$who</td><td>" .
+		      format_search_author($co->{"${who}_name"}, $who,
+			       esc_html($co->{"${who}_name"})) . " " .
+		      format_search_author($co->{"${who}_email"}, $who,
+			       esc_html("<" . $co->{"${who}_email"} . ">")) .
+		      "</td><td rowspan=\"2\">" .
+		      git_get_avatar($co->{"${who}_email"}, -size => 'double') .
+		      "</td></tr>\n" .
+		      "<tr>" .
+		      "<td></td><td> $wd{'rfc2822'}";
+		print_local_time(%wd);
+		print "</td>" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_print_page_path {
+	my $name = shift;
+	my $type = shift;
+	my $hb = shift;
+
+
+	print "<div class=\"page_path\">";
+	print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash_base=>$hb),
+	              -title => 'tree root'}, to_utf8("[$project]"));
+	print " / ";
+	if (defined $name) {
+		my @dirname = split '/', $name;
+		my $basename = pop @dirname;
+		my $fullname = '';
+
+		foreach my $dir (@dirname) {
+			$fullname .= ($fullname ? '/' : '') . $dir;
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", file_name=>$fullname,
+			                             hash_base=>$hb),
+			              -title => $fullname}, esc_path($dir));
+			print " / ";
+		}
+		if (defined $type && $type eq 'blob') {
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", file_name=>$file_name,
+			                             hash_base=>$hb),
+			              -title => $name}, esc_path($basename));
+		} elsif (defined $type && $type eq 'tree') {
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", file_name=>$file_name,
+			                             hash_base=>$hb),
+			              -title => $name}, esc_path($basename));
+			print " / ";
+		} else {
+			print esc_path($basename);
+		}
+	}
+	print "<br/></div>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_print_log {
+	my $log = shift;
+	my %opts = @_;
+
+	if ($opts{'-remove_title'}) {
+		# remove title, i.e. first line of log
+		shift @$log;
+	}
+	# remove leading empty lines
+	while (defined $log->[0] && $log->[0] eq "") {
+		shift @$log;
+	}
+
+	# print log
+	my $signoff = 0;
+	my $empty = 0;
+	foreach my $line (@$log) {
+		if ($line =~ m/^ *(signed[ \-]off[ \-]by[ :]|acked[ \-]by[ :]|cc[ :])/i) {
+			$signoff = 1;
+			$empty = 0;
+			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
+				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($line) . "</span><br/>\n";
+				next;
+			} else {
+				# remove signoff lines
+				next;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$signoff = 0;
+		}
+
+		# print only one empty line
+		# do not print empty line after signoff
+		if ($line eq "") {
+			next if ($empty || $signoff);
+			$empty = 1;
+		} else {
+			$empty = 0;
+		}
+
+		print format_log_line_html($line) . "<br/>\n";
+	}
+
+	if ($opts{'-final_empty_line'}) {
+		# end with single empty line
+		print "<br/>\n" unless $empty;
+	}
+}
+
+# return link target (what link points to)
+sub git_get_link_target {
+	my $hash = shift;
+	my $link_target;
+
+	# read link
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash
+		or return;
+	{
+		local $/ = undef;
+		$link_target = <$fd>;
+	}
+	close $fd
+		or return;
+
+	return $link_target;
+}
+
+# given link target, and the directory (basedir) the link is in,
+# return target of link relative to top directory (top tree);
+# return undef if it is not possible (including absolute links).
+sub normalize_link_target {
+	my ($link_target, $basedir) = @_;
+
+	# absolute symlinks (beginning with '/') cannot be normalized
+	return if (substr($link_target, 0, 1) eq '/');
+
+	# normalize link target to path from top (root) tree (dir)
+	my $path;
+	if ($basedir) {
+		$path = $basedir . '/' . $link_target;
+	} else {
+		# we are in top (root) tree (dir)
+		$path = $link_target;
+	}
+
+	# remove //, /./, and /../
+	my @path_parts;
+	foreach my $part (split('/', $path)) {
+		# discard '.' and ''
+		next if (!$part || $part eq '.');
+		# handle '..'
+		if ($part eq '..') {
+			if (@path_parts) {
+				pop @path_parts;
+			} else {
+				# link leads outside repository (outside top dir)
+				return;
+			}
+		} else {
+			push @path_parts, $part;
+		}
+	}
+	$path = join('/', @path_parts);
+
+	return $path;
+}
+
+# print tree entry (row of git_tree), but without encompassing <tr> element
+sub git_print_tree_entry {
+	my ($t, $basedir, $hash_base, $have_blame) = @_;
+
+	my %base_key = ();
+	$base_key{'hash_base'} = $hash_base if defined $hash_base;
+
+	# The format of a table row is: mode list link.  Where mode is
+	# the mode of the entry, list is the name of the entry, an href,
+	# and link is the action links of the entry.
+
+	print "<td class=\"mode\">" . mode_str($t->{'mode'}) . "</td>\n";
+	if (exists $t->{'size'}) {
+		print "<td class=\"size\">$t->{'size'}</td>\n";
+	}
+	if ($t->{'type'} eq "blob") {
+		print "<td class=\"list\">" .
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
+			                       file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key),
+			        -class => "list"}, esc_path($t->{'name'}));
+		if (S_ISLNK(oct $t->{'mode'})) {
+			my $link_target = git_get_link_target($t->{'hash'});
+			if ($link_target) {
+				my $norm_target = normalize_link_target($link_target, $basedir);
+				if (defined $norm_target) {
+					print " -> " .
+					      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"object", hash_base=>$hash_base,
+					                             file_name=>$norm_target),
+					               -title => $norm_target}, esc_path($link_target));
+				} else {
+					print " -> " . esc_path($link_target);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		print "</td>\n";
+		print "<td class=\"link\">";
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
+		                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key)},
+		              "blob");
+		if ($have_blame) {
+			print " | " .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
+			                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}", %base_key)},
+			              "blame");
+		}
+		if (defined $hash_base) {
+			print " | " .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash_base,
+			                             hash=>$t->{'hash'}, file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
+			              "history");
+		}
+		print " | " .
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", hash_base=>$hash_base,
+			                       file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
+			        "raw");
+		print "</td>\n";
+
+	} elsif ($t->{'type'} eq "tree") {
+		print "<td class=\"list\">";
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
+		                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}",
+		                             %base_key)},
+		              esc_path($t->{'name'}));
+		print "</td>\n";
+		print "<td class=\"link\">";
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$t->{'hash'},
+		                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}",
+		                             %base_key)},
+		              "tree");
+		if (defined $hash_base) {
+			print " | " .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash_base,
+			                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
+			              "history");
+		}
+		print "</td>\n";
+	} else {
+		# unknown object: we can only present history for it
+		# (this includes 'commit' object, i.e. submodule support)
+		print "<td class=\"list\">" .
+		      esc_path($t->{'name'}) .
+		      "</td>\n";
+		print "<td class=\"link\">";
+		if (defined $hash_base) {
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history",
+			                             hash_base=>$hash_base,
+			                             file_name=>"$basedir$t->{'name'}")},
+			              "history");
+		}
+		print "</td>\n";
+	}
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## functions printing large fragments of HTML
+
+# get pre-image filenames for merge (combined) diff
+sub fill_from_file_info {
+	my ($diff, @parents) = @_;
+
+	$diff->{'from_file'} = [ ];
+	$diff->{'from_file'}[$diff->{'nparents'} - 1] = undef;
+	for (my $i = 0; $i < $diff->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
+		if ($diff->{'status'}[$i] eq 'R' ||
+		    $diff->{'status'}[$i] eq 'C') {
+			$diff->{'from_file'}[$i] =
+				git_get_path_by_hash($parents[$i], $diff->{'from_id'}[$i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $diff;
+}
+
+# is current raw difftree line of file deletion
+sub is_deleted {
+	my $diffinfo = shift;
+
+	return $diffinfo->{'to_id'} eq ('0' x 40);
+}
+
+# does patch correspond to [previous] difftree raw line
+# $diffinfo  - hashref of parsed raw diff format
+# $patchinfo - hashref of parsed patch diff format
+#              (the same keys as in $diffinfo)
+sub is_patch_split {
+	my ($diffinfo, $patchinfo) = @_;
+
+	return defined $diffinfo && defined $patchinfo
+		&& $diffinfo->{'to_file'} eq $patchinfo->{'to_file'};
+}
+
+
+sub git_difftree_body {
+	my ($difftree, $hash, @parents) = @_;
+	my ($parent) = $parents[0];
+	my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
+	print "<div class=\"list_head\">\n";
+	if ($#{$difftree} > 10) {
+		print(($#{$difftree} + 1) . " files changed:\n");
+	}
+	print "</div>\n";
+
+	print "<table class=\"" .
+	      (@parents > 1 ? "combined " : "") .
+	      "diff_tree\">\n";
+
+	# header only for combined diff in 'commitdiff' view
+	my $has_header = @$difftree && @parents > 1 && $action eq 'commitdiff';
+	if ($has_header) {
+		# table header
+		print "<thead><tr>\n" .
+		       "<th></th><th></th>\n"; # filename, patchN link
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < @parents; $i++) {
+			my $par = $parents[$i];
+			print "<th>" .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
+			                             hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>$par),
+			               -title => 'commitdiff to parent number ' .
+			                          ($i+1) . ': ' . substr($par,0,7)},
+			              $i+1) .
+			      "&nbsp;</th>\n";
+		}
+		print "</tr></thead>\n<tbody>\n";
+	}
+
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	my $patchno = 0;
+	foreach my $line (@{$difftree}) {
+		my $diff = parsed_difftree_line($line);
+
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+
+		if (exists $diff->{'nparents'}) { # combined diff
+
+			fill_from_file_info($diff, @parents)
+				unless exists $diff->{'from_file'};
+
+			if (!is_deleted($diff)) {
+				# file exists in the result (child) commit
+				print "<td>" .
+				      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash),
+				              -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'to_file'})) .
+				      "</td>\n";
+			} else {
+				print "<td>" .
+				      esc_path($diff->{'to_file'}) .
+				      "</td>\n";
+			}
+
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print "<td class=\"link\">" .
+				      $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
+				      " | " .
+				      "</td>\n";
+			}
+
+			my $has_history = 0;
+			my $not_deleted = 0;
+			for (my $i = 0; $i < $diff->{'nparents'}; $i++) {
+				my $hash_parent = $parents[$i];
+				my $from_hash = $diff->{'from_id'}[$i];
+				my $from_path = $diff->{'from_file'}[$i];
+				my $status = $diff->{'status'}[$i];
+
+				$has_history ||= ($status ne 'A');
+				$not_deleted ||= ($status ne 'D');
+
+				if ($status eq 'A') {
+					print "<td  class=\"link\" align=\"right\"> | </td>\n";
+				} elsif ($status eq 'D') {
+					print "<td class=\"link\">" .
+					      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
+					                             hash_base=>$hash,
+					                             hash=>$from_hash,
+					                             file_name=>$from_path)},
+					              "blob" . ($i+1)) .
+					      " | </td>\n";
+				} else {
+					if ($diff->{'to_id'} eq $from_hash) {
+						print "<td class=\"link nochange\">";
+					} else {
+						print "<td class=\"link\">";
+					}
+					print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
+					                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+					                             hash_parent=>$from_hash,
+					                             hash_base=>$hash,
+					                             hash_parent_base=>$hash_parent,
+					                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
+					                             file_parent=>$from_path)},
+					              "diff" . ($i+1)) .
+					      " | </td>\n";
+				}
+			}
+
+			print "<td class=\"link\">";
+			if ($not_deleted) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
+				                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash)},
+				              "blob");
+				print " | " if ($has_history);
+			}
+			if ($has_history) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history",
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash)},
+				              "history");
+			}
+			print "</td>\n";
+
+			print "</tr>\n";
+			next; # instead of 'else' clause, to avoid extra indent
+		}
+		# else ordinary diff
+
+		my ($to_mode_oct, $to_mode_str, $to_file_type);
+		my ($from_mode_oct, $from_mode_str, $from_file_type);
+		if ($diff->{'to_mode'} ne ('0' x 6)) {
+			$to_mode_oct = oct $diff->{'to_mode'};
+			if (S_ISREG($to_mode_oct)) { # only for regular file
+				$to_mode_str = sprintf("%04o", $to_mode_oct & 0777); # permission bits
+			}
+			$to_file_type = file_type($diff->{'to_mode'});
+		}
+		if ($diff->{'from_mode'} ne ('0' x 6)) {
+			$from_mode_oct = oct $diff->{'from_mode'};
+			if (S_ISREG($to_mode_oct)) { # only for regular file
+				$from_mode_str = sprintf("%04o", $from_mode_oct & 0777); # permission bits
+			}
+			$from_file_type = file_type($diff->{'from_mode'});
+		}
+
+		if ($diff->{'status'} eq "A") { # created
+			my $mode_chng = "<span class=\"file_status new\">[new $to_file_type";
+			$mode_chng   .= " with mode: $to_mode_str" if $to_mode_str;
+			$mode_chng   .= "]</span>";
+			print "<td>";
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'}),
+			              -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'file'}));
+			print "</td>\n";
+			print "<td>$mode_chng</td>\n";
+			print "<td class=\"link\">";
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch");
+				print " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+			              "blob");
+			print "</td>\n";
+
+		} elsif ($diff->{'status'} eq "D") { # deleted
+			my $mode_chng = "<span class=\"file_status deleted\">[deleted $from_file_type]</span>";
+			print "<td>";
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'from_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff->{'file'}),
+			               -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'file'}));
+			print "</td>\n";
+			print "<td>$mode_chng</td>\n";
+			print "<td class=\"link\">";
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch");
+				print " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'from_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+			              "blob") . " | ";
+			if ($have_blame) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash_base=>$parent,
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+				              "blame") . " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$parent,
+			                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+			              "history");
+			print "</td>\n";
+
+		} elsif ($diff->{'status'} eq "M" || $diff->{'status'} eq "T") { # modified, or type changed
+			my $mode_chnge = "";
+			if ($diff->{'from_mode'} != $diff->{'to_mode'}) {
+				$mode_chnge = "<span class=\"file_status mode_chnge\">[changed";
+				if ($from_file_type ne $to_file_type) {
+					$mode_chnge .= " from $from_file_type to $to_file_type";
+				}
+				if (($from_mode_oct & 0777) != ($to_mode_oct & 0777)) {
+					if ($from_mode_str && $to_mode_str) {
+						$mode_chnge .= " mode: $from_mode_str->$to_mode_str";
+					} elsif ($to_mode_str) {
+						$mode_chnge .= " mode: $to_mode_str";
+					}
+				}
+				$mode_chnge .= "]</span>\n";
+			}
+			print "<td>";
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'}),
+			              -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'file'}));
+			print "</td>\n";
+			print "<td>$mode_chnge</td>\n";
+			print "<td class=\"link\">";
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
+				      " | ";
+			} elsif ($diff->{'to_id'} ne $diff->{'from_id'}) {
+				# "commit" view and modified file (not onlu mode changed)
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
+				                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff->{'from_id'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+				              "diff") .
+				      " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$hash, file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+			               "blob") . " | ";
+			if ($have_blame) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash_base=>$hash,
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+				              "blame") . " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash,
+			                             file_name=>$diff->{'file'})},
+			              "history");
+			print "</td>\n";
+
+		} elsif ($diff->{'status'} eq "R" || $diff->{'status'} eq "C") { # renamed or copied
+			my %status_name = ('R' => 'moved', 'C' => 'copied');
+			my $nstatus = $status_name{$diff->{'status'}};
+			my $mode_chng = "";
+			if ($diff->{'from_mode'} != $diff->{'to_mode'}) {
+				# mode also for directories, so we cannot use $to_mode_str
+				$mode_chng = sprintf(", mode: %04o", $to_mode_oct & 0777);
+			}
+			print "<td>" .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$hash,
+			                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'}, file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'}),
+			              -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'to_file'})) . "</td>\n" .
+			      "<td><span class=\"file_status $nstatus\">[$nstatus from " .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$parent,
+			                             hash=>$diff->{'from_id'}, file_name=>$diff->{'from_file'}),
+			              -class => "list"}, esc_path($diff->{'from_file'})) .
+			      " with " . (int $diff->{'similarity'}) . "% similarity$mode_chng]</span></td>\n" .
+			      "<td class=\"link\">";
+			if ($action eq 'commitdiff') {
+				# link to patch
+				$patchno++;
+				print $cgi->a({-href => "#patch$patchno"}, "patch") .
+				      " | ";
+			} elsif ($diff->{'to_id'} ne $diff->{'from_id'}) {
+				# "commit" view and modified file (not only pure rename or copy)
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
+				                             hash=>$diff->{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$diff->{'from_id'},
+				                             hash_base=>$hash, hash_parent_base=>$parent,
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'}, file_parent=>$diff->{'from_file'})},
+				              "diff") .
+				      " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$diff->{'to_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$parent, file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'})},
+			              "blob") . " | ";
+			if ($have_blame) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", hash_base=>$hash,
+				                             file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'})},
+				              "blame") . " | ";
+			}
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", hash_base=>$hash,
+			                            file_name=>$diff->{'to_file'})},
+			              "history");
+			print "</td>\n";
+
+		} # we should not encounter Unmerged (U) or Unknown (X) status
+		print "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</tbody>" if $has_header;
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_patchset_body {
+	my ($fd, $difftree, $hash, @hash_parents) = @_;
+	my ($hash_parent) = $hash_parents[0];
+
+	my $is_combined = (@hash_parents > 1);
+	my $patch_idx = 0;
+	my $patch_number = 0;
+	my $patch_line;
+	my $diffinfo;
+	my $to_name;
+	my (%from, %to);
+
+	print "<div class=\"patchset\">\n";
+
+	# skip to first patch
+	while ($patch_line = <$fd>) {
+		chomp $patch_line;
+
+		last if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
+	}
+
+ PATCH:
+	while ($patch_line) {
+
+		# parse "git diff" header line
+		if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff --git (\"(?:[^\\\"]*(?:\\.[^\\\"]*)*)\"|[^ "]*) (.*)$/) {
+			# $1 is from_name, which we do not use
+			$to_name = unquote($2);
+			$to_name =~ s!^b/!!;
+		} elsif ($patch_line =~ m/^diff --(cc|combined) ("?.*"?)$/) {
+			# $1 is 'cc' or 'combined', which we do not use
+			$to_name = unquote($2);
+		} else {
+			$to_name = undef;
+		}
+
+		# check if current patch belong to current raw line
+		# and parse raw git-diff line if needed
+		if (is_patch_split($diffinfo, { 'to_file' => $to_name })) {
+			# this is continuation of a split patch
+			print "<div class=\"patch cont\">\n";
+		} else {
+			# advance raw git-diff output if needed
+			$patch_idx++ if defined $diffinfo;
+
+			# read and prepare patch information
+			$diffinfo = parsed_difftree_line($difftree->[$patch_idx]);
+
+			# compact combined diff output can have some patches skipped
+			# find which patch (using pathname of result) we are at now;
+			if ($is_combined) {
+				while ($to_name ne $diffinfo->{'to_file'}) {
+					print "<div class=\"patch\" id=\"patch". ($patch_idx+1) ."\">\n" .
+					      format_diff_cc_simplified($diffinfo, @hash_parents) .
+					      "</div>\n";  # class="patch"
+
+					$patch_idx++;
+					$patch_number++;
+
+					last if $patch_idx > $#$difftree;
+					$diffinfo = parsed_difftree_line($difftree->[$patch_idx]);
+				}
+			}
+
+			# modifies %from, %to hashes
+			parse_from_to_diffinfo($diffinfo, \%from, \%to, @hash_parents);
+
+			# this is first patch for raw difftree line with $patch_idx index
+			# we index @$difftree array from 0, but number patches from 1
+			print "<div class=\"patch\" id=\"patch". ($patch_idx+1) ."\">\n";
+		}
+
+		# git diff header
+		#assert($patch_line =~ m/^diff /) if DEBUG;
+		#assert($patch_line !~ m!$/$!) if DEBUG; # is chomp-ed
+		$patch_number++;
+		# print "git diff" header
+		print format_git_diff_header_line($patch_line, $diffinfo,
+		                                  \%from, \%to);
+
+		# print extended diff header
+		print "<div class=\"diff extended_header\">\n";
+	EXTENDED_HEADER:
+		while ($patch_line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $patch_line;
+
+			last EXTENDED_HEADER if ($patch_line =~ m/^--- |^diff /);
+
+			print format_extended_diff_header_line($patch_line, $diffinfo,
+			                                       \%from, \%to);
+		}
+		print "</div>\n"; # class="diff extended_header"
+
+		# from-file/to-file diff header
+		if (! $patch_line) {
+			print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
+			last PATCH;
+		}
+		next PATCH if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
+		#assert($patch_line =~ m/^---/) if DEBUG;
+
+		my $last_patch_line = $patch_line;
+		$patch_line = <$fd>;
+		chomp $patch_line;
+		#assert($patch_line =~ m/^\+\+\+/) if DEBUG;
+
+		print format_diff_from_to_header($last_patch_line, $patch_line,
+		                                 $diffinfo, \%from, \%to,
+		                                 @hash_parents);
+
+		# the patch itself
+	LINE:
+		while ($patch_line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $patch_line;
+
+			next PATCH if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
+
+			print format_diff_line($patch_line, \%from, \%to);
+		}
+
+	} continue {
+		print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
+	}
+
+	# for compact combined (--cc) format, with chunk and patch simpliciaction
+	# patchset might be empty, but there might be unprocessed raw lines
+	for (++$patch_idx if $patch_number > 0;
+	     $patch_idx < @$difftree;
+	     ++$patch_idx) {
+		# read and prepare patch information
+		$diffinfo = parsed_difftree_line($difftree->[$patch_idx]);
+
+		# generate anchor for "patch" links in difftree / whatchanged part
+		print "<div class=\"patch\" id=\"patch". ($patch_idx+1) ."\">\n" .
+		      format_diff_cc_simplified($diffinfo, @hash_parents) .
+		      "</div>\n";  # class="patch"
+
+		$patch_number++;
+	}
+
+	if ($patch_number == 0) {
+		if (@hash_parents > 1) {
+			print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">Trivial merge</div>\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">No differences found</div>\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	print "</div>\n"; # class="patchset"
+}
+
+# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+
+# fills project list info (age, description, owner, forks) for each
+# project in the list, removing invalid projects from returned list
+# NOTE: modifies $projlist, but does not remove entries from it
+sub fill_project_list_info {
+	my ($projlist, $check_forks) = @_;
+	my @projects;
+
+	my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
+ PROJECT:
+	foreach my $pr (@$projlist) {
+		my (@activity) = git_get_last_activity($pr->{'path'});
+		unless (@activity) {
+			next PROJECT;
+		}
+		($pr->{'age'}, $pr->{'age_string'}) = @activity;
+		if (!defined $pr->{'descr'}) {
+			my $descr = git_get_project_description($pr->{'path'}) || "";
+			$descr = to_utf8($descr);
+			$pr->{'descr_long'} = $descr;
+			$pr->{'descr'} = chop_str($descr, $projects_list_description_width, 5);
+		}
+		if (!defined $pr->{'owner'}) {
+			$pr->{'owner'} = git_get_project_owner("$pr->{'path'}") || "";
+		}
+		if ($check_forks) {
+			my $pname = $pr->{'path'};
+			if (($pname =~ s/\.git$//) &&
+			    ($pname !~ /\/$/) &&
+			    (-d "$projectroot/$pname")) {
+				$pr->{'forks'} = "-d $projectroot/$pname";
+			} else {
+				$pr->{'forks'} = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		$show_ctags and $pr->{'ctags'} = git_get_project_ctags($pr->{'path'});
+		push @projects, $pr;
+	}
+
+	return @projects;
+}
+
+# print 'sort by' <th> element, generating 'sort by $name' replay link
+# if that order is not selected
+sub print_sort_th {
+	print format_sort_th(@_);
+}
+
+sub format_sort_th {
+	my ($name, $order, $header) = @_;
+	my $sort_th = "";
+	$header ||= ucfirst($name);
+
+	if ($order eq $name) {
+		$sort_th .= "<th>$header</th>\n";
+	} else {
+		$sort_th .= "<th>" .
+		            $cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, order=>$name),
+		                     -class => "header"}, $header) .
+		            "</th>\n";
+	}
+
+	return $sort_th;
+}
+
+sub git_project_list_body {
+	# actually uses global variable $project
+	my ($projlist, $order, $from, $to, $extra, $no_header) = @_;
+
+	my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');
+	my @projects = fill_project_list_info($projlist, $check_forks);
+
+	$order ||= $default_projects_order;
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#projects if (!defined $to || $#projects < $to);
+
+	my %order_info = (
+		project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
+		descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
+		owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
+		age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
+	);
+	my $oi = $order_info{$order};
+	if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
+		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @projects;
+	} else {
+		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @projects;
+	}
+
+	my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
+	if ($show_ctags) {
+		my %ctags;
+		foreach my $p (@projects) {
+			foreach my $ct (keys %{$p->{'ctags'}}) {
+				$ctags{$ct} += $p->{'ctags'}->{$ct};
+			}
+		}
+		my $cloud = git_populate_project_tagcloud(\%ctags);
+		print git_show_project_tagcloud($cloud, 64);
+	}
+
+	print "<table class=\"project_list\">\n";
+	unless ($no_header) {
+		print "<tr>\n";
+		if ($check_forks) {
+			print "<th></th>\n";
+		}
+		print_sort_th('project', $order, 'Project');
+		print_sort_th('descr', $order, 'Description');
+		print_sort_th('owner', $order, 'Owner');
+		print_sort_th('age', $order, 'Last Change');
+		print "<th></th>\n" . # for links
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	my $tagfilter = $cgi->param('by_tag');
+	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my $pr = $projects[$i];
+
+		next if $tagfilter and $show_ctags and not grep { lc $_ eq lc $tagfilter } keys %{$pr->{'ctags'}};
+		next if $searchtext and not $pr->{'path'} =~ /$searchtext/
+			and not $pr->{'descr_long'} =~ /$searchtext/;
+		# Weed out forks or non-matching entries of search
+		if ($check_forks) {
+			my $forkbase = $project; $forkbase ||= ''; $forkbase =~ s#\.git$#/#;
+			$forkbase="^$forkbase" if $forkbase;
+			next if not $searchtext and not $tagfilter and $show_ctags
+				and $pr->{'path'} =~ m#$forkbase.*/.*#; # regexp-safe
+		}
+
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		if ($check_forks) {
+			print "<td>";
+			if ($pr->{'forks'}) {
+				print "<!-- $pr->{'forks'} -->\n";
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"forks")}, "+");
+			}
+			print "</td>\n";
+		}
+		print "<td>" . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary"),
+		                        -class => "list"}, esc_html($pr->{'path'})) . "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td>" . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary"),
+		                        -class => "list", -title => $pr->{'descr_long'}},
+		                        esc_html($pr->{'descr'})) . "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td><i>" . chop_and_escape_str($pr->{'owner'}, 15) . "</i></td>\n";
+		print "<td class=\"". age_class($pr->{'age'}) . "\">" .
+		      (defined $pr->{'age_string'} ? $pr->{'age_string'} : "No commits") . "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary")}, "summary")   . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"shortlog")}, "shortlog") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"log")}, "log") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"tree")}, "tree") .
+		      ($pr->{'forks'} ? " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"forks")}, "forks") : '') .
+		      "</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<tr>\n";
+		if ($check_forks) {
+			print "<td></td>\n";
+		}
+		print "<td colspan=\"5\">$extra</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_log_body {
+	# uses global variable $project
+	my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $refs, $extra) = @_;
+
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#{$commitlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$commitlist} < $to);
+
+	for (my $i = 0; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
+		next if !%co;
+		my $commit = $co{'id'};
+		my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $commit);
+		my %ad = parse_date($co{'author_epoch'});
+		git_print_header_div('commit',
+		               "<span class=\"age\">$co{'age_string'}</span>" .
+		               esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref,
+		               $commit);
+		print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
+		      "<div class=\"log_link\">\n" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit)}, "commit") .
+		      " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit)}, "commitdiff") .
+		      " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$commit, hash_base=>$commit)}, "tree") .
+		      "<br/>\n" .
+		      "</div>\n";
+		      git_print_authorship(\%co, -tag => 'span');
+		      print "<br/>\n</div>\n";
+
+		print "<div class=\"log_body\">\n";
+		git_print_log($co{'comment'}, -final_empty_line=> 1);
+		print "</div>\n";
+	}
+	if ($extra) {
+		print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n";
+		print "$extra\n";
+		print "</div>\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_shortlog_body {
+	# uses global variable $project
+	my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $refs, $extra) = @_;
+
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#{$commitlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$commitlist} < $to);
+
+	print "<table class=\"shortlog\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
+		my $commit = $co{'id'};
+		my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $commit);
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		# git_summary() used print "<td><i>$co{'age_string'}</i></td>\n" .
+		print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
+		      format_author_html('td', \%co, 10) . "<td>";
+		print format_subject_html($co{'title'}, $co{'title_short'},
+		                          href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit), $ref);
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit)}, "commit") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit)}, "commitdiff") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$commit, hash_base=>$commit)}, "tree");
+		my $snapshot_links = format_snapshot_links($commit);
+		if (defined $snapshot_links) {
+			print " | " . $snapshot_links;
+		}
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<tr>\n" .
+		      "<td colspan=\"4\">$extra</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_history_body {
+	# Warning: assumes constant type (blob or tree) during history
+	my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $refs, $extra,
+	    $file_name, $file_hash, $ftype) = @_;
+
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#{$commitlist} unless (defined $to && $to <= $#{$commitlist});
+
+	print "<table class=\"history\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
+		if (!%co) {
+			next;
+		}
+		my $commit = $co{'id'};
+
+		my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $commit);
+
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
+	# shortlog:   format_author_html('td', \%co, 10)
+		      format_author_html('td', \%co, 15, 3) . "<td>";
+		# originally git_history used chop_str($co{'title'}, 50)
+		print format_subject_html($co{'title'}, $co{'title_short'},
+		                          href(action=>"commit", hash=>$commit), $ref);
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$ftype, hash_base=>$commit, file_name=>$file_name)}, $ftype) . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit)}, "commitdiff");
+
+		if ($ftype eq 'blob') {
+			my $blob_current = $file_hash;
+			my $blob_parent  = git_get_hash_by_path($commit, $file_name);
+			if (defined $blob_current && defined $blob_parent &&
+					$blob_current ne $blob_parent) {
+				print " | " .
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff",
+					                       hash=>$blob_current, hash_parent=>$blob_parent,
+					                       hash_base=>$hash_base, hash_parent_base=>$commit,
+					                       file_name=>$file_name)},
+					        "diff to current");
+			}
+		}
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<tr>\n" .
+		      "<td colspan=\"4\">$extra</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_tags_body {
+	# uses global variable $project
+	my ($taglist, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#{$taglist} if (!defined $to || $#{$taglist} < $to);
+
+	print "<table class=\"tags\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my $entry = $taglist->[$i];
+		my %tag = %$entry;
+		my $comment = $tag{'subject'};
+		my $comment_short;
+		if (defined $comment) {
+			$comment_short = chop_str($comment, 30, 5);
+		}
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		if (defined $tag{'age'}) {
+			print "<td><i>$tag{'age'}</i></td>\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<td></td>\n";
+		}
+		print "<td>" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'reftype'}, hash=>$tag{'refid'}),
+		               -class => "list name"}, esc_html($tag{'name'})) .
+		      "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td>";
+		if (defined $comment) {
+			print format_subject_html($comment, $comment_short,
+			                          href(action=>"tag", hash=>$tag{'id'}));
+		}
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"selflink\">";
+		if ($tag{'type'} eq "tag") {
+			print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tag", hash=>$tag{'id'})}, "tag");
+		} else {
+			print "&nbsp;";
+		}
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'reftype'}, hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, $tag{'reftype'});
+		if ($tag{'reftype'} eq "commit") {
+			print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$tag{'fullname'})}, "shortlog") .
+			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$tag{'fullname'})}, "log");
+		} elsif ($tag{'reftype'} eq "blob") {
+			print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", hash=>$tag{'refid'})}, "raw");
+		}
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>";
+	}
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<tr>\n" .
+		      "<td colspan=\"5\">$extra</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_heads_body {
+	# uses global variable $project
+	my ($headlist, $head, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#{$headlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$headlist} < $to);
+
+	print "<table class=\"heads\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my $entry = $headlist->[$i];
+		my %ref = %$entry;
+		my $curr = $ref{'id'} eq $head;
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		print "<td><i>$ref{'age'}</i></td>\n" .
+		      ($curr ? "<td class=\"current_head\">" : "<td>") .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'fullname'}),
+		               -class => "list name"},esc_html($ref{'name'})) .
+		      "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog", hash=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "shortlog") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"log", hash=>$ref{'fullname'})}, "log") . " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$ref{'fullname'}, hash_base=>$ref{'name'})}, "tree") .
+		      "</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>";
+	}
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<tr>\n" .
+		      "<td colspan=\"3\">$extra</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+sub git_search_grep_body {
+	my ($commitlist, $from, $to, $extra) = @_;
+	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
+	$to = $#{$commitlist} if (!defined $to || $#{$commitlist} < $to);
+
+	print "<table class=\"commit_search\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	for (my $i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+		my %co = %{$commitlist->[$i]};
+		if (!%co) {
+			next;
+		}
+		my $commit = $co{'id'};
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+		print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
+		      format_author_html('td', \%co, 15, 5) .
+		      "<td>" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'}),
+		               -class => "list subject"},
+		              chop_and_escape_str($co{'title'}, 50) . "<br/>");
+		my $comment = $co{'comment'};
+		foreach my $line (@$comment) {
+			if ($line =~ m/^(.*?)($search_regexp)(.*)$/i) {
+				my ($lead, $match, $trail) = ($1, $2, $3);
+				$match = chop_str($match, 70, 5, 'center');
+				my $contextlen = int((80 - length($match))/2);
+				$contextlen = 30 if ($contextlen > 30);
+				$lead  = chop_str($lead,  $contextlen, 10, 'left');
+				$trail = chop_str($trail, $contextlen, 10, 'right');
+
+				$lead  = esc_html($lead);
+				$match = esc_html($match);
+				$trail = esc_html($trail);
+
+				print "$lead<span class=\"match\">$match</span>$trail<br />";
+			}
+		}
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commit") .
+		      " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commitdiff") .
+		      " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$co{'id'})}, "tree");
+		print "</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	if (defined $extra) {
+		print "<tr>\n" .
+		      "<td colspan=\"3\">$extra</td>\n" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n";
+}
+
+## ======================================================================
+## ======================================================================
+## actions
+
+sub git_project_list {
+	my $order = $input_params{'order'};
+	if (defined $order && $order !~ m/none|project|descr|owner|age/) {
+		die_error(400, "Unknown order parameter");
+	}
+
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list();
+	if (!@list) {
+		die_error(404, "No projects found");
+	}
+
+	git_header_html();
+	if (defined $home_text && -f $home_text) {
+		print "<div class=\"index_include\">\n";
+		insert_file($home_text);
+		print "</div>\n";
+	}
+	print $cgi->startform(-method => "get") .
+	      "<p class=\"projsearch\">Search:\n" .
+	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext) . "\n" .
+	      "</p>" .
+	      $cgi->end_form() . "\n";
+	git_project_list_body(\@list, $order);
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_forks {
+	my $order = $input_params{'order'};
+	if (defined $order && $order !~ m/none|project|descr|owner|age/) {
+		die_error(400, "Unknown order parameter");
+	}
+
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list($project);
+	if (!@list) {
+		die_error(404, "No forks found");
+	}
+
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('','');
+	git_print_header_div('summary', "$project forks");
+	git_project_list_body(\@list, $order);
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_project_index {
+	my @projects = git_get_projects_list($project);
+
+	print $cgi->header(
+		-type => 'text/plain',
+		-charset => 'utf-8',
+		-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="index.aux"');
+
+	foreach my $pr (@projects) {
+		if (!exists $pr->{'owner'}) {
+			$pr->{'owner'} = git_get_project_owner("$pr->{'path'}");
+		}
+
+		my ($path, $owner) = ($pr->{'path'}, $pr->{'owner'});
+		# quote as in CGI::Util::encode, but keep the slash, and use '+' for ' '
+		$path  =~ s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-\/ ])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
+		$owner =~ s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-\/ ])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/eg;
+		$path  =~ s/ /\+/g;
+		$owner =~ s/ /\+/g;
+
+		print "$path $owner\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_summary {
+	my $descr = git_get_project_description($project) || "none";
+	my %co = parse_commit("HEAD");
+	my %cd = %co ? parse_date($co{'committer_epoch'}, $co{'committer_tz'}) : ();
+	my $head = $co{'id'};
+
+	my $owner = git_get_project_owner($project);
+
+	my $refs = git_get_references();
+	# These get_*_list functions return one more to allow us to see if
+	# there are more ...
+	my @taglist  = git_get_tags_list(16);
+	my @headlist = git_get_heads_list(16);
+	my @forklist;
+	my $check_forks = gitweb_check_feature('forks');
+
+	if ($check_forks) {
+		@forklist = git_get_projects_list($project);
+	}
+
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('summary','', $head);
+
+	print "<div class=\"title\">&nbsp;</div>\n";
+	print "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" .
+	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n" .
+	      "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
+	if (defined $cd{'rfc2822'}) {
+		print "<tr id=\"metadata_lchange\"><td>last change</td><td>$cd{'rfc2822'}</td></tr>\n";
+	}
+
+	# use per project git URL list in $projectroot/$project/cloneurl
+	# or make project git URL from git base URL and project name
+	my $url_tag = "URL";
+	my @url_list = git_get_project_url_list($project);
+	@url_list = map { "$_/$project" } @git_base_url_list unless @url_list;
+	foreach my $git_url (@url_list) {
+		next unless $git_url;
+		print "<tr class=\"metadata_url\"><td>$url_tag</td><td>$git_url</td></tr>\n";
+		$url_tag = "";
+	}
+
+	# Tag cloud
+	my $show_ctags = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
+	if ($show_ctags) {
+		my $ctags = git_get_project_ctags($project);
+		my $cloud = git_populate_project_tagcloud($ctags);
+		print "<tr id=\"metadata_ctags\"><td>Content tags:<br />";
+		print "</td>\n<td>" unless %$ctags;
+		print "<form action=\"$show_ctags\" method=\"post\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"p\" value=\"$project\" />Add: <input type=\"text\" name=\"t\" size=\"8\" /></form>";
+		print "</td>\n<td>" if %$ctags;
+		print git_show_project_tagcloud($cloud, 48);
+		print "</td></tr>";
+	}
+
+	print "</table>\n";
+
+	# If XSS prevention is on, we don't include README.html.
+	# TODO: Allow a readme in some safe format.
+	if (!$prevent_xss && -s "$projectroot/$project/README.html") {
+		print "<div class=\"title\">readme</div>\n" .
+		      "<div class=\"readme\">\n";
+		insert_file("$projectroot/$project/README.html");
+		print "\n</div>\n"; # class="readme"
+	}
+
+	# we need to request one more than 16 (0..15) to check if
+	# those 16 are all
+	my @commitlist = $head ? parse_commits($head, 17) : ();
+	if (@commitlist) {
+		git_print_header_div('shortlog');
+		git_shortlog_body(\@commitlist, 0, 15, $refs,
+		                  $#commitlist <=  15 ? undef :
+		                  $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"shortlog")}, "..."));
+	}
+
+	if (@taglist) {
+		git_print_header_div('tags');
+		git_tags_body(\@taglist, 0, 15,
+		              $#taglist <=  15 ? undef :
+		              $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tags")}, "..."));
+	}
+
+	if (@headlist) {
+		git_print_header_div('heads');
+		git_heads_body(\@headlist, $head, 0, 15,
+		               $#headlist <= 15 ? undef :
+		               $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"heads")}, "..."));
+	}
+
+	if (@forklist) {
+		git_print_header_div('forks');
+		git_project_list_body(\@forklist, 'age', 0, 15,
+		                      $#forklist <= 15 ? undef :
+		                      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"forks")}, "..."),
+		                      'no_header');
+	}
+
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_tag {
+	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
+	my %tag = parse_tag($hash);
+
+	if (! %tag) {
+		die_error(404, "Unknown tag object");
+	}
+
+	git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($tag{'name'}), $hash);
+	print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
+	      "<table class=\"object_header\">\n" .
+	      "<tr>\n" .
+	      "<td>object</td>\n" .
+	      "<td>" . $cgi->a({-class => "list", -href => href(action=>$tag{'type'}, hash=>$tag{'object'})},
+	                       $tag{'object'}) . "</td>\n" .
+	      "<td class=\"link\">" . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$tag{'type'}, hash=>$tag{'object'})},
+	                                      $tag{'type'}) . "</td>\n" .
+	      "</tr>\n";
+	if (defined($tag{'author'})) {
+		git_print_authorship_rows(\%tag, 'author');
+	}
+	print "</table>\n\n" .
+	      "</div>\n";
+	print "<div class=\"page_body\">";
+	my $comment = $tag{'comment'};
+	foreach my $line (@$comment) {
+		chomp $line;
+		print esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1) . "<br/>\n";
+	}
+	print "</div>\n";
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_blame_common {
+	my $format = shift || 'porcelain';
+	if ($format eq 'porcelain' && $cgi->param('js')) {
+		$format = 'incremental';
+		$action = 'blame_incremental'; # for page title etc
+	}
+
+	# permissions
+	gitweb_check_feature('blame')
+		or die_error(403, "Blame view not allowed");
+
+	# error checking
+	die_error(400, "No file name given") unless $file_name;
+	$hash_base ||= git_get_head_hash($project);
+	die_error(404, "Couldn't find base commit") unless $hash_base;
+	my %co = parse_commit($hash_base)
+		or die_error(404, "Commit not found");
+	my $ftype = "blob";
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+		$hash = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name, "blob")
+			or die_error(404, "Error looking up file");
+	} else {
+		$ftype = git_get_type($hash);
+		if ($ftype !~ "blob") {
+			die_error(400, "Object is not a blob");
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $fd;
+	if ($format eq 'incremental') {
+		# get file contents (as base)
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'cat-file', 'blob', $hash
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-cat-file failed");
+	} elsif ($format eq 'data') {
+		# run git-blame --incremental
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "blame", "--incremental",
+			$hash_base, "--", $file_name
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-blame --incremental failed");
+	} else {
+		# run git-blame --porcelain
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "blame", '-p',
+			$hash_base, '--', $file_name
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-blame --porcelain failed");
+	}
+
+	# incremental blame data returns early
+	if ($format eq 'data') {
+		print $cgi->header(
+			-type=>"text/plain", -charset => "utf-8",
+			-status=> "200 OK");
+		local $| = 1; # output autoflush
+		print while <$fd>;
+		close $fd
+			or print "ERROR $!\n";
+
+		print 'END';
+		if (defined $t0 && gitweb_check_feature('timed')) {
+			print ' '.
+			      Time::HiRes::tv_interval($t0, [Time::HiRes::gettimeofday()]).
+			      ' '.$number_of_git_cmds;
+		}
+		print "\n";
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	# page header
+	git_header_html();
+	my $formats_nav =
+		$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", -replay=>1)},
+		        "blob") .
+		" | ";
+	if ($format eq 'incremental') {
+		$formats_nav .=
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", javascript=>0, -replay=>1)},
+			        "blame") . " (non-incremental)";
+	} else {
+		$formats_nav .=
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame_incremental", -replay=>1)},
+			        "blame") . " (incremental)";
+	}
+	$formats_nav .=
+		" | " .
+		$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", -replay=>1)},
+		        "history") .
+		" | " .
+		$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>$action, file_name=>$file_name)},
+		        "HEAD");
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $formats_nav);
+	git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
+	git_print_page_path($file_name, $ftype, $hash_base);
+
+	# page body
+	if ($format eq 'incremental') {
+		print "<noscript>\n<div class=\"error\"><center><b>\n".
+		      "This page requires JavaScript to run.\n Use ".
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>'blame',javascript=>0,-replay=>1)},
+		              'this page').
+		      " instead.\n".
+		      "</b></center></div>\n</noscript>\n";
+
+		print qq!<div id="progress_bar" style="width: 100%; background-color: yellow"></div>\n!;
+	}
+
+	print qq!<div class="page_body">\n!;
+	print qq!<div id="progress_info">... / ...</div>\n!
+		if ($format eq 'incremental');
+	print qq!<table id="blame_table" class="blame" width="100%">\n!.
+	      #qq!<col width="5.5em" /><col width="2.5em" /><col width="*" />\n!.
+	      qq!<thead>\n!.
+	      qq!<tr><th>Commit</th><th>Line</th><th>Data</th></tr>\n!.
+	      qq!</thead>\n!.
+	      qq!<tbody>\n!;
+
+	my @rev_color = qw(light dark);
+	my $num_colors = scalar(@rev_color);
+	my $current_color = 0;
+
+	if ($format eq 'incremental') {
+		my $color_class = $rev_color[$current_color];
+
+		#contents of a file
+		my $linenr = 0;
+	LINE:
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			$linenr++;
+
+			print qq!<tr id="l$linenr" class="$color_class">!.
+			      qq!<td class="sha1"><a href=""> </a></td>!.
+			      qq!<td class="linenr">!.
+			      qq!<a class="linenr" href="">$linenr</a></td>!;
+			print qq!<td class="pre">! . esc_html($line) . "</td>\n";
+			print qq!</tr>\n!;
+		}
+
+	} else { # porcelain, i.e. ordinary blame
+		my %metainfo = (); # saves information about commits
+
+		# blame data
+	LINE:
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			# the header: <SHA-1> <src lineno> <dst lineno> [<lines in group>]
+			# no <lines in group> for subsequent lines in group of lines
+			my ($full_rev, $orig_lineno, $lineno, $group_size) =
+			   ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+)(?: (\d+))?$/);
+			if (!exists $metainfo{$full_rev}) {
+				$metainfo{$full_rev} = { 'nprevious' => 0 };
+			}
+			my $meta = $metainfo{$full_rev};
+			my $data;
+			while ($data = <$fd>) {
+				chomp $data;
+				last if ($data =~ s/^\t//); # contents of line
+				if ($data =~ /^(\S+)(?: (.*))?$/) {
+					$meta->{$1} = $2 unless exists $meta->{$1};
+				}
+				if ($data =~ /^previous /) {
+					$meta->{'nprevious'}++;
+				}
+			}
+			my $short_rev = substr($full_rev, 0, 8);
+			my $author = $meta->{'author'};
+			my %date =
+				parse_date($meta->{'author-time'}, $meta->{'author-tz'});
+			my $date = $date{'iso-tz'};
+			if ($group_size) {
+				$current_color = ($current_color + 1) % $num_colors;
+			}
+			my $tr_class = $rev_color[$current_color];
+			$tr_class .= ' boundary' if (exists $meta->{'boundary'});
+			$tr_class .= ' no-previous' if ($meta->{'nprevious'} == 0);
+			$tr_class .= ' multiple-previous' if ($meta->{'nprevious'} > 1);
+			print "<tr id=\"l$lineno\" class=\"$tr_class\">\n";
+			if ($group_size) {
+				print "<td class=\"sha1\"";
+				print " title=\"". esc_html($author) . ", $date\"";
+				print " rowspan=\"$group_size\"" if ($group_size > 1);
+				print ">";
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
+				                             hash=>$full_rev,
+				                             file_name=>$file_name)},
+				              esc_html($short_rev));
+				if ($group_size >= 2) {
+					my @author_initials = ($author =~ /\b([[:upper:]])\B/g);
+					if (@author_initials) {
+						print "<br />" .
+						      esc_html(join('', @author_initials));
+						#           or join('.', ...)
+					}
+				}
+				print "</td>\n";
+			}
+			# 'previous' <sha1 of parent commit> <filename at commit>
+			if (exists $meta->{'previous'} &&
+			    $meta->{'previous'} =~ /^([a-fA-F0-9]{40}) (.*)$/) {
+				$meta->{'parent'} = $1;
+				$meta->{'file_parent'} = unquote($2);
+			}
+			my $linenr_commit =
+				exists($meta->{'parent'}) ?
+				$meta->{'parent'} : $full_rev;
+			my $linenr_filename =
+				exists($meta->{'file_parent'}) ?
+				$meta->{'file_parent'} : unquote($meta->{'filename'});
+			my $blamed = href(action => 'blame',
+			                  file_name => $linenr_filename,
+			                  hash_base => $linenr_commit);
+			print "<td class=\"linenr\">";
+			print $cgi->a({ -href => "$blamed#l$orig_lineno",
+			                -class => "linenr" },
+			              esc_html($lineno));
+			print "</td>";
+			print "<td class=\"pre\">" . esc_html($data) . "</td>\n";
+			print "</tr>\n";
+		} # end while
+
+	}
+
+	# footer
+	print "</tbody>\n".
+	      "</table>\n"; # class="blame"
+	print "</div>\n";   # class="blame_body"
+	close $fd
+		or print "Reading blob failed\n";
+
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_blame {
+	git_blame_common();
+}
+
+sub git_blame_incremental {
+	git_blame_common('incremental');
+}
+
+sub git_blame_data {
+	git_blame_common('data');
+}
+
+sub git_tags {
+	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
+	git_print_header_div('summary', $project);
+
+	my @tagslist = git_get_tags_list();
+	if (@tagslist) {
+		git_tags_body(\@tagslist);
+	}
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_heads {
+	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
+	git_print_header_div('summary', $project);
+
+	my @headslist = git_get_heads_list();
+	if (@headslist) {
+		git_heads_body(\@headslist, $head);
+	}
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_blob_plain {
+	my $type = shift;
+	my $expires;
+
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			my $base = $hash_base || git_get_head_hash($project);
+			$hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob")
+				or die_error(404, "Cannot find file");
+		} else {
+			die_error(400, "No file name defined");
+		}
+	} elsif ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		# blobs defined by non-textual hash id's can be cached
+		$expires = "+1d";
+	}
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash
+		or die_error(500, "Open git-cat-file blob '$hash' failed");
+
+	# content-type (can include charset)
+	$type = blob_contenttype($fd, $file_name, $type);
+
+	# "save as" filename, even when no $file_name is given
+	my $save_as = "$hash";
+	if (defined $file_name) {
+		$save_as = $file_name;
+	} elsif ($type =~ m/^text\//) {
+		$save_as .= '.txt';
+	}
+
+	# With XSS prevention on, blobs of all types except a few known safe
+	# ones are served with "Content-Disposition: attachment" to make sure
+	# they don't run in our security domain.  For certain image types,
+	# blob view writes an <img> tag referring to blob_plain view, and we
+	# want to be sure not to break that by serving the image as an
+	# attachment (though Firefox 3 doesn't seem to care).
+	my $sandbox = $prevent_xss &&
+		$type !~ m!^(?:text/plain|image/(?:gif|png|jpeg))$!;
+
+	print $cgi->header(
+		-type => $type,
+		-expires => $expires,
+		-content_disposition =>
+			($sandbox ? 'attachment' : 'inline')
+			. '; filename="' . $save_as . '"');
+	local $/ = undef;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
+	print <$fd>;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'; # as set at the beginning of gitweb.cgi
+	close $fd;
+}
+
+sub git_blob {
+	my $expires;
+
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			my $base = $hash_base || git_get_head_hash($project);
+			$hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob")
+				or die_error(404, "Cannot find file");
+		} else {
+			die_error(400, "No file name defined");
+		}
+	} elsif ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		# blobs defined by non-textual hash id's can be cached
+		$expires = "+1d";
+	}
+
+	my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "cat-file", "blob", $hash
+		or die_error(500, "Couldn't cat $file_name, $hash");
+	my $mimetype = blob_mimetype($fd, $file_name);
+	if ($mimetype !~ m!^(?:text/|image/(?:gif|png|jpeg)$)! && -B $fd) {
+		close $fd;
+		return git_blob_plain($mimetype);
+	}
+	# we can have blame only for text/* mimetype
+	$have_blame &&= ($mimetype =~ m!^text/!);
+
+	git_header_html(undef, $expires);
+	my $formats_nav = '';
+	if (defined $hash_base && (my %co = parse_commit($hash_base))) {
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			if ($have_blame) {
+				$formats_nav .=
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blame", -replay=>1)},
+					        "blame") .
+					" | ";
+			}
+			$formats_nav .=
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", -replay=>1)},
+				        "history") .
+				" | " .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", -replay=>1)},
+				        "raw") .
+				" | " .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob",
+				                       hash_base=>"HEAD", file_name=>$file_name)},
+				        "HEAD");
+		} else {
+			$formats_nav .=
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob_plain", -replay=>1)},
+				        "raw");
+		}
+		git_print_page_nav('','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $formats_nav);
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
+	} else {
+		print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n" .
+		      "<br/><br/></div>\n" .
+		      "<div class=\"title\">$hash</div>\n";
+	}
+	git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob", $hash_base);
+	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
+	if ($mimetype =~ m!^image/!) {
+		print qq!<img type="$mimetype"!;
+		if ($file_name) {
+			print qq! alt="$file_name" title="$file_name"!;
+		}
+		print qq! src="! .
+		      href(action=>"blob_plain", hash=>$hash,
+		           hash_base=>$hash_base, file_name=>$file_name) .
+		      qq!" />\n!;
+	} else {
+		my $nr;
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			$nr++;
+			$line = untabify($line);
+			printf "<div class=\"pre\"><a id=\"l%i\" href=\"" . href(-replay => 1)
+				. "#l%i\" class=\"linenr\">%4i</a> %s</div>\n",
+			       $nr, $nr, $nr, esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
+		}
+	}
+	close $fd
+		or print "Reading blob failed.\n";
+	print "</div>";
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_tree {
+	if (!defined $hash_base) {
+		$hash_base = "HEAD";
+	}
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			$hash = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name, "tree");
+		} else {
+			$hash = $hash_base;
+		}
+	}
+	die_error(404, "No such tree") unless defined($hash);
+
+	my $show_sizes = gitweb_check_feature('show-sizes');
+	my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
+
+	my @entries = ();
+	{
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", '-z',
+			($show_sizes ? '-l' : ()), @extra_options, $hash
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
+		@entries = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
+		close $fd
+			or die_error(404, "Reading tree failed");
+	}
+
+	my $refs = git_get_references();
+	my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $hash_base);
+	git_header_html();
+	my $basedir = '';
+	if (defined $hash_base && (my %co = parse_commit($hash_base))) {
+		my @views_nav = ();
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			push @views_nav,
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"history", -replay=>1)},
+				        "history"),
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree",
+				                       hash_base=>"HEAD", file_name=>$file_name)},
+				        "HEAD"),
+		}
+		my $snapshot_links = format_snapshot_links($hash);
+		if (defined $snapshot_links) {
+			# FIXME: Should be available when we have no hash base as well.
+			push @views_nav, $snapshot_links;
+		}
+		git_print_page_nav('tree','', $hash_base, undef, undef,
+		                   join(' | ', @views_nav));
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $hash_base);
+	} else {
+		undef $hash_base;
+		print "<div class=\"page_nav\">\n";
+		print "<br/><br/></div>\n";
+		print "<div class=\"title\">$hash</div>\n";
+	}
+	if (defined $file_name) {
+		$basedir = $file_name;
+		if ($basedir ne '' && substr($basedir, -1) ne '/') {
+			$basedir .= '/';
+		}
+		git_print_page_path($file_name, 'tree', $hash_base);
+	}
+	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
+	print "<table class=\"tree\">\n";
+	my $alternate = 1;
+	# '..' (top directory) link if possible
+	if (defined $hash_base &&
+	    defined $file_name && $file_name =~ m![^/]+$!) {
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+
+		my $up = $file_name;
+		$up =~ s!/?[^/]+$!!;
+		undef $up unless $up;
+		# based on git_print_tree_entry
+		print '<td class="mode">' . mode_str('040000') . "</td>\n";
+		print '<td class="size">&nbsp;</td>'."\n" if $show_sizes;
+		print '<td class="list">';
+		print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree",
+		                             hash_base=>$hash_base,
+		                             file_name=>$up)},
+		              "..");
+		print "</td>\n";
+		print "<td class=\"link\"></td>\n";
+
+		print "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	foreach my $line (@entries) {
+		my %t = parse_ls_tree_line($line, -z => 1, -l => $show_sizes);
+
+		if ($alternate) {
+			print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+		}
+		$alternate ^= 1;
+
+		git_print_tree_entry(\%t, $basedir, $hash_base, $have_blame);
+
+		print "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>\n" .
+	      "</div>";
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub snapshot_name {
+	my ($project, $hash) = @_;
+
+	# path/to/project.git  -> project
+	# path/to/project/.git -> project
+	my $name = to_utf8($project);
+	$name =~ s,([^/])/*\.git$,$1,;
+	$name = basename($name);
+	# sanitize name
+	$name =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
+
+	my $ver = $hash;
+	if ($hash =~ /^[0-9a-fA-F]+$/) {
+		# shorten SHA-1 hash
+		my $full_hash = git_get_full_hash($project, $hash);
+		if ($full_hash =~ /^$hash/ && length($hash) > 7) {
+			$ver = git_get_short_hash($project, $hash);
+		}
+	} elsif ($hash =~ m!^refs/tags/(.*)$!) {
+		# tags don't need shortened SHA-1 hash
+		$ver = $1;
+	} else {
+		# branches and other need shortened SHA-1 hash
+		if ($hash =~ m!^refs/(?:heads|remotes)/(.*)$!) {
+			$ver = $1;
+		}
+		$ver .= '-' . git_get_short_hash($project, $hash);
+	}
+	# in case of hierarchical branch names
+	$ver =~ s!/!.!g;
+
+	# name = project-version_string
+	$name = "$name-$ver";
+
+	return wantarray ? ($name, $name) : $name;
+}
+
+sub git_snapshot {
+	my $format = $input_params{'snapshot_format'};
+	if (!@snapshot_fmts) {
+		die_error(403, "Snapshots not allowed");
+	}
+	# default to first supported snapshot format
+	$format ||= $snapshot_fmts[0];
+	if ($format !~ m/^[a-z0-9]+$/) {
+		die_error(400, "Invalid snapshot format parameter");
+	} elsif (!exists($known_snapshot_formats{$format})) {
+		die_error(400, "Unknown snapshot format");
+	} elsif ($known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'disabled'}) {
+		die_error(403, "Snapshot format not allowed");
+	} elsif (!grep($_ eq $format, @snapshot_fmts)) {
+		die_error(403, "Unsupported snapshot format");
+	}
+
+	my $type = git_get_type("$hash^{}");
+	if (!$type) {
+		die_error(404, 'Object does not exist');
+	}  elsif ($type eq 'blob') {
+		die_error(400, 'Object is not a tree-ish');
+	}
+
+	my ($name, $prefix) = snapshot_name($project, $hash);
+	my $filename = "$name$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'suffix'}";
+	my $cmd = quote_command(
+		git_cmd(), 'archive',
+		"--format=$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'format'}",
+		"--prefix=$prefix/", $hash);
+	if (exists $known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'compressor'}) {
+		$cmd .= ' | ' . quote_command(@{$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'compressor'}});
+	}
+
+	$filename =~ s/(["\\])/\\$1/g;
+	print $cgi->header(
+		-type => $known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'type'},
+		-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . $filename . '"',
+		-status => '200 OK');
+
+	open my $fd, "-|", $cmd
+		or die_error(500, "Execute git-archive failed");
+	binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
+	print <$fd>;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'; # as set at the beginning of gitweb.cgi
+	close $fd;
+}
+
+sub git_log_generic {
+	my ($fmt_name, $body_subr, $base, $parent, $file_name, $file_hash) = @_;
+
+	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	if (!defined $base) {
+		$base = $head;
+	}
+	if (!defined $page) {
+		$page = 0;
+	}
+	my $refs = git_get_references();
+
+	my $commit_hash = $base;
+	if (defined $parent) {
+		$commit_hash = "$parent..$base";
+	}
+	my @commitlist =
+		parse_commits($commit_hash, 101, (100 * $page),
+		              defined $file_name ? ($file_name, "--full-history") : ());
+
+	my $ftype;
+	if (!defined $file_hash && defined $file_name) {
+		# some commits could have deleted file in question,
+		# and not have it in tree, but one of them has to have it
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < @commitlist; $i++) {
+			$file_hash = git_get_hash_by_path($commitlist[$i]{'id'}, $file_name);
+			last if defined $file_hash;
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined $file_hash) {
+		$ftype = git_get_type($file_hash);
+	}
+	if (defined $file_name && !defined $ftype) {
+		die_error(500, "Unknown type of object");
+	}
+	my %co;
+	if (defined $file_name) {
+		%co = parse_commit($base)
+			or die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");
+	}
+
+
+	my $paging_nav = format_paging_nav($fmt_name, $page, $#commitlist >= 100);
+	my $next_link = '';
+	if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
+		$next_link =
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
+			         -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
+	}
+	my $patch_max = gitweb_get_feature('patches');
+	if ($patch_max && !defined $file_name) {
+		if ($patch_max < 0 || @commitlist <= $patch_max) {
+			$paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patches", -replay=>1)},
+					"patches");
+		}
+	}
+
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav($fmt_name,'', $hash,$hash,$hash, $paging_nav);
+	if (defined $file_name) {
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $base);
+	} else {
+		git_print_header_div('summary', $project)
+	}
+	git_print_page_path($file_name, $ftype, $hash_base)
+		if (defined $file_name);
+
+	$body_subr->(\@commitlist, 0, 99, $refs, $next_link,
+	             $file_name, $file_hash, $ftype);
+
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_log {
+	git_log_generic('log', \&git_log_body,
+	                $hash, $hash_parent);
+}
+
+sub git_commit {
+	$hash ||= $hash_base || "HEAD";
+	my %co = parse_commit($hash)
+	    or die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");
+
+	my $parent  = $co{'parent'};
+	my $parents = $co{'parents'}; # listref
+
+	# we need to prepare $formats_nav before any parameter munging
+	my $formats_nav;
+	if (!defined $parent) {
+		# --root commitdiff
+		$formats_nav .= '(initial)';
+	} elsif (@$parents == 1) {
+		# single parent commit
+		$formats_nav .=
+			'(parent: ' .
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
+			                       hash=>$parent)},
+			        esc_html(substr($parent, 0, 7))) .
+			')';
+	} else {
+		# merge commit
+		$formats_nav .=
+			'(merge: ' .
+			join(' ', map {
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit",
+				                       hash=>$_)},
+				        esc_html(substr($_, 0, 7)));
+			} @$parents ) .
+			')';
+	}
+	if (gitweb_check_feature('patches') && @$parents <= 1) {
+		$formats_nav .= " | " .
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patch", -replay=>1)},
+				"patch");
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $parent) {
+		$parent = "--root";
+	}
+	my @difftree;
+	open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', "--no-commit-id",
+		@diff_opts,
+		(@$parents <= 1 ? $parent : '-c'),
+		$hash, "--"
+		or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
+	@difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
+	close $fd or die_error(404, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");
+
+	# non-textual hash id's can be cached
+	my $expires;
+	if ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		$expires = "+1d";
+	}
+	my $refs = git_get_references();
+	my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $co{'id'});
+
+	git_header_html(undef, $expires);
+	git_print_page_nav('commit', '',
+	                   $hash, $co{'tree'}, $hash,
+	                   $formats_nav);
+
+	if (defined $co{'parent'}) {
+		git_print_header_div('commitdiff', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $hash);
+	} else {
+		git_print_header_div('tree', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $co{'tree'}, $hash);
+	}
+	print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
+	      "<table class=\"object_header\">\n";
+	git_print_authorship_rows(\%co);
+	print "<tr><td>commit</td><td class=\"sha1\">$co{'id'}</td></tr>\n";
+	print "<tr>" .
+	      "<td>tree</td>" .
+	      "<td class=\"sha1\">" .
+	      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$hash),
+	               class => "list"}, $co{'tree'}) .
+	      "</td>" .
+	      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+	      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$hash)},
+	              "tree");
+	my $snapshot_links = format_snapshot_links($hash);
+	if (defined $snapshot_links) {
+		print " | " . $snapshot_links;
+	}
+	print "</td>" .
+	      "</tr>\n";
+
+	foreach my $par (@$parents) {
+		print "<tr>" .
+		      "<td>parent</td>" .
+		      "<td class=\"sha1\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$par),
+		               class => "list"}, $par) .
+		      "</td>" .
+		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$par)}, "commit") .
+		      " | " .
+		      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>$par)}, "diff") .
+		      "</td>" .
+		      "</tr>\n";
+	}
+	print "</table>".
+	      "</div>\n";
+
+	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
+	git_print_log($co{'comment'});
+	print "</div>\n";
+
+	git_difftree_body(\@difftree, $hash, @$parents);
+
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_object {
+	# object is defined by:
+	# - hash or hash_base alone
+	# - hash_base and file_name
+	my $type;
+
+	# - hash or hash_base alone
+	if ($hash || ($hash_base && !defined $file_name)) {
+		my $object_id = $hash || $hash_base;
+
+		open my $fd, "-|", quote_command(
+			git_cmd(), 'cat-file', '-t', $object_id) . ' 2> /dev/null'
+			or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");
+		$type = <$fd>;
+		chomp $type;
+		close $fd
+			or die_error(404, "Object does not exist");
+
+	# - hash_base and file_name
+	} elsif ($hash_base && defined $file_name) {
+		$file_name =~ s,/+$,,;
+
+		system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
+			or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");
+
+		# here errors should not hapen
+		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
+		my $line = <$fd>;
+		close $fd;
+
+		#'100644 blob 0fa3f3a66fb6a137f6ec2c19351ed4d807070ffa	panic.c'
+		unless ($line && $line =~ m/^([0-9]+) (.+) ([0-9a-fA-F]{40})\t/) {
+			die_error(404, "File or directory for given base does not exist");
+		}
+		$type = $2;
+		$hash = $3;
+	} else {
+		die_error(400, "Not enough information to find object");
+	}
+
+	print $cgi->redirect(-uri => href(action=>$type, -full=>1,
+	                                  hash=>$hash, hash_base=>$hash_base,
+	                                  file_name=>$file_name),
+	                     -status => '302 Found');
+}
+
+sub git_blobdiff {
+	my $format = shift || 'html';
+
+	my $fd;
+	my @difftree;
+	my %diffinfo;
+	my $expires;
+
+	# preparing $fd and %diffinfo for git_patchset_body
+	# new style URI
+	if (defined $hash_base && defined $hash_parent_base) {
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			# read raw output
+			open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+				$hash_parent_base, $hash_base,
+				"--", (defined $file_parent ? $file_parent : ()), $file_name
+				or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
+			@difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
+			close $fd
+				or die_error(404, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");
+			@difftree
+				or die_error(404, "Blob diff not found");
+
+		} elsif (defined $hash &&
+		         $hash =~ /[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/) {
+			# try to find filename from $hash
+
+			# read filtered raw output
+			open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+				$hash_parent_base, $hash_base, "--"
+				or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
+			@difftree =
+				# ':100644 100644 03b21826... 3b93d5e7... M	ls-files.c'
+				# $hash == to_id
+				grep { /^:[0-7]{6} [0-7]{6} [0-9a-fA-F]{40} $hash/ }
+				map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
+			close $fd
+				or die_error(404, "Reading git-diff-tree failed");
+			@difftree
+				or die_error(404, "Blob diff not found");
+
+		} else {
+			die_error(400, "Missing one of the blob diff parameters");
+		}
+
+		if (@difftree > 1) {
+			die_error(400, "Ambiguous blob diff specification");
+		}
+
+		%diffinfo = parse_difftree_raw_line($difftree[0]);
+		$file_parent ||= $diffinfo{'from_file'} || $file_name;
+		$file_name   ||= $diffinfo{'to_file'};
+
+		$hash_parent ||= $diffinfo{'from_id'};
+		$hash        ||= $diffinfo{'to_id'};
+
+		# non-textual hash id's can be cached
+		if ($hash_base =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/ &&
+		    $hash_parent_base =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+			$expires = '+1d';
+		}
+
+		# open patch output
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+			'-p', ($format eq 'html' ? "--full-index" : ()),
+			$hash_parent_base, $hash_base,
+			"--", (defined $file_parent ? $file_parent : ()), $file_name
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
+	}
+
+	# old/legacy style URI -- not generated anymore since 1.4.3.
+	if (!%diffinfo) {
+		die_error('404 Not Found', "Missing one of the blob diff parameters")
+	}
+
+	# header
+	if ($format eq 'html') {
+		my $formats_nav =
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blobdiff_plain", -replay=>1)},
+			        "raw");
+		git_header_html(undef, $expires);
+		if (defined $hash_base && (my %co = parse_commit($hash_base))) {
+			git_print_page_nav('','', $hash_base,$co{'tree'},$hash_base, $formats_nav);
+			git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash_base);
+		} else {
+			print "<div class=\"page_nav\"><br/>$formats_nav<br/></div>\n";
+			print "<div class=\"title\">$hash vs $hash_parent</div>\n";
+		}
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob", $hash_base);
+		} else {
+			print "<div class=\"page_path\"></div>\n";
+		}
+
+	} elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
+		print $cgi->header(
+			-type => 'text/plain',
+			-charset => 'utf-8',
+			-expires => $expires,
+			-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$file_name" . '.patch"');
+
+		print "X-Git-Url: " . $cgi->self_url() . "\n\n";
+
+	} else {
+		die_error(400, "Unknown blobdiff format");
+	}
+
+	# patch
+	if ($format eq 'html') {
+		print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
+
+		git_patchset_body($fd, [ \%diffinfo ], $hash_base, $hash_parent_base);
+		close $fd;
+
+		print "</div>\n"; # class="page_body"
+		git_footer_html();
+
+	} else {
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			$line =~ s!a/($hash|$hash_parent)!'a/'.esc_path($diffinfo{'from_file'})!eg;
+			$line =~ s!b/($hash|$hash_parent)!'b/'.esc_path($diffinfo{'to_file'})!eg;
+
+			print $line;
+
+			last if $line =~ m!^\+\+\+!;
+		}
+		local $/ = undef;
+		print <$fd>;
+		close $fd;
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_blobdiff_plain {
+	git_blobdiff('plain');
+}
+
+sub git_commitdiff {
+	my %params = @_;
+	my $format = $params{-format} || 'html';
+
+	my ($patch_max) = gitweb_get_feature('patches');
+	if ($format eq 'patch') {
+		die_error(403, "Patch view not allowed") unless $patch_max;
+	}
+
+	$hash ||= $hash_base || "HEAD";
+	my %co = parse_commit($hash)
+	    or die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");
+
+	# choose format for commitdiff for merge
+	if (! defined $hash_parent && @{$co{'parents'}} > 1) {
+		$hash_parent = '--cc';
+	}
+	# we need to prepare $formats_nav before almost any parameter munging
+	my $formats_nav;
+	if ($format eq 'html') {
+		$formats_nav =
+			$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff_plain", -replay=>1)},
+			        "raw");
+		if ($patch_max && @{$co{'parents'}} <= 1) {
+			$formats_nav .= " | " .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"patch", -replay=>1)},
+					"patch");
+		}
+
+		if (defined $hash_parent &&
+		    $hash_parent ne '-c' && $hash_parent ne '--cc') {
+			# commitdiff with two commits given
+			my $hash_parent_short = $hash_parent;
+			if ($hash_parent =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+				$hash_parent_short = substr($hash_parent, 0, 7);
+			}
+			$formats_nav .=
+				' (from';
+			for (my $i = 0; $i < @{$co{'parents'}}; $i++) {
+				if ($co{'parents'}[$i] eq $hash_parent) {
+					$formats_nav .= ' parent ' . ($i+1);
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			$formats_nav .= ': ' .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
+				                       hash=>$hash_parent)},
+				        esc_html($hash_parent_short)) .
+				')';
+		} elsif (!$co{'parent'}) {
+			# --root commitdiff
+			$formats_nav .= ' (initial)';
+		} elsif (scalar @{$co{'parents'}} == 1) {
+			# single parent commit
+			$formats_nav .=
+				' (parent: ' .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
+				                       hash=>$co{'parent'})},
+				        esc_html(substr($co{'parent'}, 0, 7))) .
+				')';
+		} else {
+			# merge commit
+			if ($hash_parent eq '--cc') {
+				$formats_nav .= ' | ' .
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
+					                       hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>'-c')},
+					        'combined');
+			} else { # $hash_parent eq '-c'
+				$formats_nav .= ' | ' .
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
+					                       hash=>$hash, hash_parent=>'--cc')},
+					        'compact');
+			}
+			$formats_nav .=
+				' (merge: ' .
+				join(' ', map {
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commitdiff",
+					                       hash=>$_)},
+					        esc_html(substr($_, 0, 7)));
+				} @{$co{'parents'}} ) .
+				')';
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $hash_parent_param = $hash_parent;
+	if (!defined $hash_parent_param) {
+		# --cc for multiple parents, --root for parentless
+		$hash_parent_param =
+			@{$co{'parents'}} > 1 ? '--cc' : $co{'parent'} || '--root';
+	}
+
+	# read commitdiff
+	my $fd;
+	my @difftree;
+	if ($format eq 'html') {
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+			"--no-commit-id", "--patch-with-raw", "--full-index",
+			$hash_parent_param, $hash, "--"
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
+
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			# empty line ends raw part of diff-tree output
+			last unless $line;
+			push @difftree, scalar parse_difftree_raw_line($line);
+		}
+
+	} elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+			'-p', $hash_parent_param, $hash, "--"
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-diff-tree failed");
+	} elsif ($format eq 'patch') {
+		# For commit ranges, we limit the output to the number of
+		# patches specified in the 'patches' feature.
+		# For single commits, we limit the output to a single patch,
+		# diverging from the git-format-patch default.
+		my @commit_spec = ();
+		if ($hash_parent) {
+			if ($patch_max > 0) {
+				push @commit_spec, "-$patch_max";
+			}
+			push @commit_spec, '-n', "$hash_parent..$hash";
+		} else {
+			if ($params{-single}) {
+				push @commit_spec, '-1';
+			} else {
+				if ($patch_max > 0) {
+					push @commit_spec, "-$patch_max";
+				}
+				push @commit_spec, "-n";
+			}
+			push @commit_spec, '--root', $hash;
+		}
+		open $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "format-patch", '--encoding=utf8',
+			'--stdout', @commit_spec
+			or die_error(500, "Open git-format-patch failed");
+	} else {
+		die_error(400, "Unknown commitdiff format");
+	}
+
+	# non-textual hash id's can be cached
+	my $expires;
+	if ($hash =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		$expires = "+1d";
+	}
+
+	# write commit message
+	if ($format eq 'html') {
+		my $refs = git_get_references();
+		my $ref = format_ref_marker($refs, $co{'id'});
+
+		git_header_html(undef, $expires);
+		git_print_page_nav('commitdiff','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash, $formats_nav);
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}) . $ref, $hash);
+		print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
+		      "<table class=\"object_header\">\n";
+		git_print_authorship_rows(\%co);
+		print "</table>".
+		      "</div>\n";
+		print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
+		if (@{$co{'comment'}} > 1) {
+			print "<div class=\"log\">\n";
+			git_print_log($co{'comment'}, -final_empty_line=> 1, -remove_title => 1);
+			print "</div>\n"; # class="log"
+		}
+
+	} elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
+		my $refs = git_get_references("tags");
+		my $tagname = git_get_rev_name_tags($hash);
+		my $filename = basename($project) . "-$hash.patch";
+
+		print $cgi->header(
+			-type => 'text/plain',
+			-charset => 'utf-8',
+			-expires => $expires,
+			-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$filename" . '"');
+		my %ad = parse_date($co{'author_epoch'}, $co{'author_tz'});
+		print "From: " . to_utf8($co{'author'}) . "\n";
+		print "Date: $ad{'rfc2822'} ($ad{'tz_local'})\n";
+		print "Subject: " . to_utf8($co{'title'}) . "\n";
+
+		print "X-Git-Tag: $tagname\n" if $tagname;
+		print "X-Git-Url: " . $cgi->self_url() . "\n\n";
+
+		foreach my $line (@{$co{'comment'}}) {
+			print to_utf8($line) . "\n";
+		}
+		print "---\n\n";
+	} elsif ($format eq 'patch') {
+		my $filename = basename($project) . "-$hash.patch";
+
+		print $cgi->header(
+			-type => 'text/plain',
+			-charset => 'utf-8',
+			-expires => $expires,
+			-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . "$filename" . '"');
+	}
+
+	# write patch
+	if ($format eq 'html') {
+		my $use_parents = !defined $hash_parent ||
+			$hash_parent eq '-c' || $hash_parent eq '--cc';
+		git_difftree_body(\@difftree, $hash,
+		                  $use_parents ? @{$co{'parents'}} : $hash_parent);
+		print "<br/>\n";
+
+		git_patchset_body($fd, \@difftree, $hash,
+		                  $use_parents ? @{$co{'parents'}} : $hash_parent);
+		close $fd;
+		print "</div>\n"; # class="page_body"
+		git_footer_html();
+
+	} elsif ($format eq 'plain') {
+		local $/ = undef;
+		print <$fd>;
+		close $fd
+			or print "Reading git-diff-tree failed\n";
+	} elsif ($format eq 'patch') {
+		local $/ = undef;
+		print <$fd>;
+		close $fd
+			or print "Reading git-format-patch failed\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_commitdiff_plain {
+	git_commitdiff(-format => 'plain');
+}
+
+# format-patch-style patches
+sub git_patch {
+	git_commitdiff(-format => 'patch', -single => 1);
+}
+
+sub git_patches {
+	git_commitdiff(-format => 'patch');
+}
+
+sub git_history {
+	git_log_generic('history', \&git_history_body,
+	                $hash_base, $hash_parent_base,
+	                $file_name, $hash);
+}
+
+sub git_search {
+	gitweb_check_feature('search') or die_error(403, "Search is disabled");
+	if (!defined $searchtext) {
+		die_error(400, "Text field is empty");
+	}
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+		$hash = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	}
+	my %co = parse_commit($hash);
+	if (!%co) {
+		die_error(404, "Unknown commit object");
+	}
+	if (!defined $page) {
+		$page = 0;
+	}
+
+	$searchtype ||= 'commit';
+	if ($searchtype eq 'pickaxe') {
+		# pickaxe may take all resources of your box and run for several minutes
+		# with every query - so decide by yourself how public you make this feature
+		gitweb_check_feature('pickaxe')
+		    or die_error(403, "Pickaxe is disabled");
+	}
+	if ($searchtype eq 'grep') {
+		gitweb_check_feature('grep')
+		    or die_error(403, "Grep is disabled");
+	}
+
+	git_header_html();
+
+	if ($searchtype eq 'commit' or $searchtype eq 'author' or $searchtype eq 'committer') {
+		my $greptype;
+		if ($searchtype eq 'commit') {
+			$greptype = "--grep=";
+		} elsif ($searchtype eq 'author') {
+			$greptype = "--author=";
+		} elsif ($searchtype eq 'committer') {
+			$greptype = "--committer=";
+		}
+		$greptype .= $searchtext;
+		my @commitlist = parse_commits($hash, 101, (100 * $page), undef,
+		                               $greptype, '--regexp-ignore-case',
+		                               $search_use_regexp ? '--extended-regexp' : '--fixed-strings');
+
+		my $paging_nav = '';
+		if ($page > 0) {
+			$paging_nav .=
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search", hash=>$hash,
+				                       searchtext=>$searchtext,
+				                       searchtype=>$searchtype)},
+				        "first");
+			$paging_nav .= " &sdot; " .
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page-1),
+				         -accesskey => "p", -title => "Alt-p"}, "prev");
+		} else {
+			$paging_nav .= "first";
+			$paging_nav .= " &sdot; prev";
+		}
+		my $next_link = '';
+		if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
+			$next_link =
+				$cgi->a({-href => href(-replay=>1, page=>$page+1),
+				         -accesskey => "n", -title => "Alt-n"}, "next");
+			$paging_nav .= " &sdot; $next_link";
+		} else {
+			$paging_nav .= " &sdot; next";
+		}
+
+		if ($#commitlist >= 100) {
+		}
+
+		git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash, $paging_nav);
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash);
+		git_search_grep_body(\@commitlist, 0, 99, $next_link);
+	}
+
+	if ($searchtype eq 'pickaxe') {
+		git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash);
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash);
+
+		print "<table class=\"pickaxe search\">\n";
+		my $alternate = 1;
+		local $/ = "\n";
+		open my $fd, '-|', git_cmd(), '--no-pager', 'log', @diff_opts,
+			'--pretty=format:%H', '--no-abbrev', '--raw', "-S$searchtext",
+			($search_use_regexp ? '--pickaxe-regex' : ());
+		undef %co;
+		my @files;
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			next unless $line;
+
+			my %set = parse_difftree_raw_line($line);
+			if (defined $set{'commit'}) {
+				# finish previous commit
+				if (%co) {
+					print "</td>\n" .
+					      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+					      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commit") .
+					      " | " .
+					      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$co{'id'})}, "tree");
+					print "</td>\n" .
+					      "</tr>\n";
+				}
+
+				if ($alternate) {
+					print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+				} else {
+					print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+				}
+				$alternate ^= 1;
+				%co = parse_commit($set{'commit'});
+				my $author = chop_and_escape_str($co{'author_name'}, 15, 5);
+				print "<td title=\"$co{'age_string_age'}\"><i>$co{'age_string_date'}</i></td>\n" .
+				      "<td><i>$author</i></td>\n" .
+				      "<td>" .
+				      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'}),
+				              -class => "list subject"},
+				              chop_and_escape_str($co{'title'}, 50) . "<br/>");
+			} elsif (defined $set{'to_id'}) {
+				next if ($set{'to_id'} =~ m/^0{40}$/);
+
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash_base=>$co{'id'},
+				                             hash=>$set{'to_id'}, file_name=>$set{'to_file'}),
+				              -class => "list"},
+				              "<span class=\"match\">" . esc_path($set{'file'}) . "</span>") .
+				      "<br/>\n";
+			}
+		}
+		close $fd;
+
+		# finish last commit (warning: repetition!)
+		if (%co) {
+			print "</td>\n" .
+			      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"commit", hash=>$co{'id'})}, "commit") .
+			      " | " .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"tree", hash=>$co{'tree'}, hash_base=>$co{'id'})}, "tree");
+			print "</td>\n" .
+			      "</tr>\n";
+		}
+
+		print "</table>\n";
+	}
+
+	if ($searchtype eq 'grep') {
+		git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$co{'tree'},$hash);
+		git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($co{'title'}), $hash);
+
+		print "<table class=\"grep_search\">\n";
+		my $alternate = 1;
+		my $matches = 0;
+		local $/ = "\n";
+		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), 'grep', '-n',
+			$search_use_regexp ? ('-E', '-i') : '-F',
+			$searchtext, $co{'tree'};
+		my $lastfile = '';
+		while (my $line = <$fd>) {
+			chomp $line;
+			my ($file, $lno, $ltext, $binary);
+			last if ($matches++ > 1000);
+			if ($line =~ /^Binary file (.+) matches$/) {
+				$file = $1;
+				$binary = 1;
+			} else {
+				(undef, $file, $lno, $ltext) = split(/:/, $line, 4);
+			}
+			if ($file ne $lastfile) {
+				$lastfile and print "</td></tr>\n";
+				if ($alternate++) {
+					print "<tr class=\"dark\">\n";
+				} else {
+					print "<tr class=\"light\">\n";
+				}
+				print "<td class=\"list\">".
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$co{'hash'},
+							       file_name=>"$file"),
+						-class => "list"}, esc_path($file));
+				print "</td><td>\n";
+				$lastfile = $file;
+			}
+			if ($binary) {
+				print "<div class=\"binary\">Binary file</div>\n";
+			} else {
+				$ltext = untabify($ltext);
+				if ($ltext =~ m/^(.*)($search_regexp)(.*)$/i) {
+					$ltext = esc_html($1, -nbsp=>1);
+					$ltext .= '<span class="match">';
+					$ltext .= esc_html($2, -nbsp=>1);
+					$ltext .= '</span>';
+					$ltext .= esc_html($3, -nbsp=>1);
+				} else {
+					$ltext = esc_html($ltext, -nbsp=>1);
+				}
+				print "<div class=\"pre\">" .
+					$cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"blob", hash=>$co{'hash'},
+							       file_name=>"$file").'#l'.$lno,
+						-class => "linenr"}, sprintf('%4i', $lno))
+					. ' ' .  $ltext . "</div>\n";
+			}
+		}
+		if ($lastfile) {
+			print "</td></tr>\n";
+			if ($matches > 1000) {
+				print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">Too many matches, listing trimmed</div>\n";
+			}
+		} else {
+			print "<div class=\"diff nodifferences\">No matches found</div>\n";
+		}
+		close $fd;
+
+		print "</table>\n";
+	}
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_search_help {
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $hash,$hash,$hash);
+	print <<EOT;
+<p><strong>Pattern</strong> is by default a normal string that is matched precisely (but without
+regard to case, except in the case of pickaxe). However, when you check the <em>re</em> checkbox,
+the pattern entered is recognized as the POSIX extended
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">regular expression</a> (also case
+insensitive).</p>
+<dl>
+<dt><b>commit</b></dt>
+<dd>The commit messages and authorship information will be scanned for the given pattern.</dd>
+EOT
+	my $have_grep = gitweb_check_feature('grep');
+	if ($have_grep) {
+		print <<EOT;
+<dt><b>grep</b></dt>
+<dd>All files in the currently selected tree (HEAD unless you are explicitly browsing
+    a different one) are searched for the given pattern. On large trees, this search can take
+a while and put some strain on the server, so please use it with some consideration. Note that
+due to git-grep peculiarity, currently if regexp mode is turned off, the matches are
+case-sensitive.</dd>
+EOT
+	}
+	print <<EOT;
+<dt><b>author</b></dt>
+<dd>Name and e-mail of the change author and date of birth of the patch will be scanned for the given pattern.</dd>
+<dt><b>committer</b></dt>
+<dd>Name and e-mail of the committer and date of commit will be scanned for the given pattern.</dd>
+EOT
+	my $have_pickaxe = gitweb_check_feature('pickaxe');
+	if ($have_pickaxe) {
+		print <<EOT;
+<dt><b>pickaxe</b></dt>
+<dd>All commits that caused the string to appear or disappear from any file (changes that
+added, removed or "modified" the string) will be listed. This search can take a while and
+takes a lot of strain on the server, so please use it wisely. Note that since you may be
+interested even in changes just changing the case as well, this search is case sensitive.</dd>
+EOT
+	}
+	print "</dl>\n";
+	git_footer_html();
+}
+
+sub git_shortlog {
+	git_log_generic('shortlog', \&git_shortlog_body,
+	                $hash, $hash_parent);
+}
+
+## ......................................................................
+## feeds (RSS, Atom; OPML)
+
+sub git_feed {
+	my $format = shift || 'atom';
+	my $have_blame = gitweb_check_feature('blame');
+
+	# Atom: http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
+	# RSS:  http://www.notestips.com/80256B3A007F2692/1/NAMO5P9UPQ
+	if ($format ne 'rss' && $format ne 'atom') {
+		die_error(400, "Unknown web feed format");
+	}
+
+	# log/feed of current (HEAD) branch, log of given branch, history of file/directory
+	my $head = $hash || 'HEAD';
+	my @commitlist = parse_commits($head, 150, 0, $file_name);
+
+	my %latest_commit;
+	my %latest_date;
+	my $content_type = "application/$format+xml";
+	if (defined $cgi->http('HTTP_ACCEPT') &&
+		 $cgi->Accept('text/xml') > $cgi->Accept($content_type)) {
+		# browser (feed reader) prefers text/xml
+		$content_type = 'text/xml';
+	}
+	if (defined($commitlist[0])) {
+		%latest_commit = %{$commitlist[0]};
+		my $latest_epoch = $latest_commit{'committer_epoch'};
+		%latest_date   = parse_date($latest_epoch);
+		my $if_modified = $cgi->http('IF_MODIFIED_SINCE');
+		if (defined $if_modified) {
+			my $since;
+			if (eval { require HTTP::Date; 1; }) {
+				$since = HTTP::Date::str2time($if_modified);
+			} elsif (eval { require Time::ParseDate; 1; }) {
+				$since = Time::ParseDate::parsedate($if_modified, GMT => 1);
+			}
+			if (defined $since && $latest_epoch <= $since) {
+				print $cgi->header(
+					-type => $content_type,
+					-charset => 'utf-8',
+					-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'},
+					-status => '304 Not Modified');
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		print $cgi->header(
+			-type => $content_type,
+			-charset => 'utf-8',
+			-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'});
+	} else {
+		print $cgi->header(
+			-type => $content_type,
+			-charset => 'utf-8');
+	}
+
+	# Optimization: skip generating the body if client asks only
+	# for Last-Modified date.
+	return if ($cgi->request_method() eq 'HEAD');
+
+	# header variables
+	my $title = "$site_name - $project/$action";
+	my $feed_type = 'log';
+	if (defined $hash) {
+		$title .= " - '$hash'";
+		$feed_type = 'branch log';
+		if (defined $file_name) {
+			$title .= " :: $file_name";
+			$feed_type = 'history';
+		}
+	} elsif (defined $file_name) {
+		$title .= " - $file_name";
+		$feed_type = 'history';
+	}
+	$title .= " $feed_type";
+	my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
+	if (defined $descr) {
+		$descr = esc_html($descr);
+	} else {
+		$descr = "$project " .
+		         ($format eq 'rss' ? 'RSS' : 'Atom') .
+		         " feed";
+	}
+	my $owner = git_get_project_owner($project);
+	$owner = esc_html($owner);
+
+	#header
+	my $alt_url;
+	if (defined $file_name) {
+		$alt_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"history", hash=>$hash, file_name=>$file_name);
+	} elsif (defined $hash) {
+		$alt_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"log", hash=>$hash);
+	} else {
+		$alt_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"summary");
+	}
+	print qq!<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n!;
+	if ($format eq 'rss') {
+		print <<XML;
+<rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
+<channel>
+XML
+		print "<title>$title</title>\n" .
+		      "<link>$alt_url</link>\n" .
+		      "<description>$descr</description>\n" .
+		      "<language>en</language>\n" .
+		      # project owner is responsible for 'editorial' content
+		      "<managingEditor>$owner</managingEditor>\n";
+		if (defined $logo || defined $favicon) {
+			# prefer the logo to the favicon, since RSS
+			# doesn't allow both
+			my $img = esc_url($logo || $favicon);
+			print "<image>\n" .
+			      "<url>$img</url>\n" .
+			      "<title>$title</title>\n" .
+			      "<link>$alt_url</link>\n" .
+			      "</image>\n";
+		}
+		if (%latest_date) {
+			print "<pubDate>$latest_date{'rfc2822'}</pubDate>\n";
+			print "<lastBuildDate>$latest_date{'rfc2822'}</lastBuildDate>\n";
+		}
+		print "<generator>gitweb v.$version/$git_version</generator>\n";
+	} elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
+		print <<XML;
+<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
+XML
+		print "<title>$title</title>\n" .
+		      "<subtitle>$descr</subtitle>\n" .
+		      '<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="' .
+		      $alt_url . '" />' . "\n" .
+		      '<link rel="self" type="' . $content_type . '" href="' .
+		      $cgi->self_url() . '" />' . "\n" .
+		      "<id>" . href(-full=>1) . "</id>\n" .
+		      # use project owner for feed author
+		      "<author><name>$owner</name></author>\n";
+		if (defined $favicon) {
+			print "<icon>" . esc_url($favicon) . "</icon>\n";
+		}
+		if (defined $logo_url) {
+			# not twice as wide as tall: 72 x 27 pixels
+			print "<logo>" . esc_url($logo) . "</logo>\n";
+		}
+		if (! %latest_date) {
+			# dummy date to keep the feed valid until commits trickle in:
+			print "<updated>1970-01-01T00:00:00Z</updated>\n";
+		} else {
+			print "<updated>$latest_date{'iso-8601'}</updated>\n";
+		}
+		print "<generator version='$version/$git_version'>gitweb</generator>\n";
+	}
+
+	# contents
+	for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#commitlist; $i++) {
+		my %co = %{$commitlist[$i]};
+		my $commit = $co{'id'};
+		# we read 150, we always show 30 and the ones more recent than 48 hours
+		if (($i >= 20) && ((time - $co{'author_epoch'}) > 48*60*60)) {
+			last;
+		}
+		my %cd = parse_date($co{'author_epoch'});
+
+		# get list of changed files
+		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "diff-tree", '-r', @diff_opts,
+			$co{'parent'} || "--root",
+			$co{'id'}, "--", (defined $file_name ? $file_name : ())
+			or next;
+		my @difftree = map { chomp; $_ } <$fd>;
+		close $fd
+			or next;
+
+		# print element (entry, item)
+		my $co_url = href(-full=>1, action=>"commitdiff", hash=>$commit);
+		if ($format eq 'rss') {
+			print "<item>\n" .
+			      "<title>" . esc_html($co{'title'}) . "</title>\n" .
+			      "<author>" . esc_html($co{'author'}) . "</author>\n" .
+			      "<pubDate>$cd{'rfc2822'}</pubDate>\n" .
+			      "<guid isPermaLink=\"true\">$co_url</guid>\n" .
+			      "<link>$co_url</link>\n" .
+			      "<description>" . esc_html($co{'title'}) . "</description>\n" .
+			      "<content:encoded>" .
+			      "<![CDATA[\n";
+		} elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
+			print "<entry>\n" .
+			      "<title type=\"html\">" . esc_html($co{'title'}) . "</title>\n" .
+			      "<updated>$cd{'iso-8601'}</updated>\n" .
+			      "<author>\n" .
+			      "  <name>" . esc_html($co{'author_name'}) . "</name>\n";
+			if ($co{'author_email'}) {
+				print "  <email>" . esc_html($co{'author_email'}) . "</email>\n";
+			}
+			print "</author>\n" .
+			      # use committer for contributor
+			      "<contributor>\n" .
+			      "  <name>" . esc_html($co{'committer_name'}) . "</name>\n";
+			if ($co{'committer_email'}) {
+				print "  <email>" . esc_html($co{'committer_email'}) . "</email>\n";
+			}
+			print "</contributor>\n" .
+			      "<published>$cd{'iso-8601'}</published>\n" .
+			      "<link rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/html\" href=\"$co_url\" />\n" .
+			      "<id>$co_url</id>\n" .
+			      "<content type=\"xhtml\" xml:base=\"" . esc_url($my_url) . "\">\n" .
+			      "<div xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n";
+		}
+		my $comment = $co{'comment'};
+		print "<pre>\n";
+		foreach my $line (@$comment) {
+			$line = esc_html($line);
+			print "$line\n";
+		}
+		print "</pre><ul>\n";
+		foreach my $difftree_line (@difftree) {
+			my %difftree = parse_difftree_raw_line($difftree_line);
+			next if !$difftree{'from_id'};
+
+			my $file = $difftree{'file'} || $difftree{'to_file'};
+
+			print "<li>" .
+			      "[" .
+			      $cgi->a({-href => href(-full=>1, action=>"blobdiff",
+			                             hash=>$difftree{'to_id'}, hash_parent=>$difftree{'from_id'},
+			                             hash_base=>$co{'id'}, hash_parent_base=>$co{'parent'},
+			                             file_name=>$file, file_parent=>$difftree{'from_file'}),
+			              -title => "diff"}, 'D');
+			if ($have_blame) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(-full=>1, action=>"blame",
+				                             file_name=>$file, hash_base=>$commit),
+				              -title => "blame"}, 'B');
+			}
+			# if this is not a feed of a file history
+			if (!defined $file_name || $file_name ne $file) {
+				print $cgi->a({-href => href(-full=>1, action=>"history",
+				                             file_name=>$file, hash=>$commit),
+				              -title => "history"}, 'H');
+			}
+			$file = esc_path($file);
+			print "] ".
+			      "$file</li>\n";
+		}
+		if ($format eq 'rss') {
+			print "</ul>]]>\n" .
+			      "</content:encoded>\n" .
+			      "</item>\n";
+		} elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
+			print "</ul>\n</div>\n" .
+			      "</content>\n" .
+			      "</entry>\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	# end of feed
+	if ($format eq 'rss') {
+		print "</channel>\n</rss>\n";
+	} elsif ($format eq 'atom') {
+		print "</feed>\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub git_rss {
+	git_feed('rss');
+}
+
+sub git_atom {
+	git_feed('atom');
+}
+
+sub git_opml {
+	my @list = git_get_projects_list();
+
+	print $cgi->header(
+		-type => 'text/xml',
+		-charset => 'utf-8',
+		-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="opml.xml"');
+
+	print <<XML;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<opml version="1.0">
+<head>
+  <title>$site_name OPML Export</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<outline text="git RSS feeds">
+XML
+
+	foreach my $pr (@list) {
+		my %proj = %$pr;
+		my $head = git_get_head_hash($proj{'path'});
+		if (!defined $head) {
+			next;
+		}
+		$git_dir = "$projectroot/$proj{'path'}";
+		my %co = parse_commit($head);
+		if (!%co) {
+			next;
+		}
+
+		my $path = esc_html(chop_str($proj{'path'}, 25, 5));
+		my $rss  = href('project' => $proj{'path'}, 'action' => 'rss', -full => 1);
+		my $html = href('project' => $proj{'path'}, 'action' => 'summary', -full => 1);
+		print "<outline type=\"rss\" text=\"$path\" title=\"$path\" xmlUrl=\"$rss\" htmlUrl=\"$html\"/>\n";
+	}
+	print <<XML;
+</outline>
+</body>
+</opml>
+XML
+}
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6746d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1347 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+/* Internal API */
+
+/*
+ * Output the next line for a graph.
+ * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
+ * terminated with a newline.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
+ * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
+ * graph_update() is called.
+ */
+static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
+
+/*
+ * Output a padding line in the graph.
+ * This is similar to graph_next_line().  However, it is guaranteed to
+ * never print the current commit line.  Instead, if the commit line is
+ * next, it will simply output a line of vertical padding, extending the
+ * branch lines downwards, but leaving them otherwise unchanged.
+ */
+static void graph_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
+
+/*
+ * Print a strbuf to stdout.  If the graph is non-NULL, all lines but the
+ * first will be prefixed with the graph output.
+ *
+ * If the strbuf ends with a newline, the output will end after this
+ * newline.  A new graph line will not be printed after the final newline.
+ * If the strbuf is empty, no output will be printed.
+ *
+ * Since the first line will not include the graph output, the caller is
+ * responsible for printing this line's graph (perhaps via
+ * graph_show_commit() or graph_show_oneline()) before calling
+ * graph_show_strbuf().
+ */
+static void graph_show_strbuf(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf const *sb);
+
+/*
+ * TODO:
+ * - Limit the number of columns, similar to the way gitk does.
+ *   If we reach more than a specified number of columns, omit
+ *   sections of some columns.
+ */
+
+struct column {
+	/*
+	 * The parent commit of this column.
+	 */
+	struct commit *commit;
+	/*
+	 * The color to (optionally) print this column in.  This is an
+	 * index into column_colors.
+	 */
+	unsigned short color;
+};
+
+enum graph_state {
+	GRAPH_PADDING,
+	GRAPH_SKIP,
+	GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT,
+	GRAPH_COMMIT,
+	GRAPH_POST_MERGE,
+	GRAPH_COLLAPSING
+};
+
+/*
+ * The list of available column colors.
+ */
+static char column_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,
+	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,
+	GIT_COLOR_YELLOW,
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,
+	GIT_COLOR_MAGENTA,
+	GIT_COLOR_CYAN,
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD GIT_COLOR_RED,
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD GIT_COLOR_GREEN,
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD GIT_COLOR_YELLOW,
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD GIT_COLOR_BLUE,
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD GIT_COLOR_MAGENTA,
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD GIT_COLOR_CYAN,
+};
+
+#define COLUMN_COLORS_MAX (ARRAY_SIZE(column_colors))
+
+static const char *column_get_color_code(const struct column *c)
+{
+	return column_colors[c->color];
+}
+
+static void strbuf_write_column(struct strbuf *sb, const struct column *c,
+				char col_char)
+{
+	if (c->color < COLUMN_COLORS_MAX)
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, column_get_color_code(c));
+	strbuf_addch(sb, col_char);
+	if (c->color < COLUMN_COLORS_MAX)
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+}
+
+struct git_graph {
+	/*
+	 * The commit currently being processed
+	 */
+	struct commit *commit;
+	/* The rev-info used for the current traversal */
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+	/*
+	 * The number of interesting parents that this commit has.
+	 *
+	 * Note that this is not the same as the actual number of parents.
+	 * This count excludes parents that won't be printed in the graph
+	 * output, as determined by graph_is_interesting().
+	 */
+	int num_parents;
+	/*
+	 * The width of the graph output for this commit.
+	 * All rows for this commit are padded to this width, so that
+	 * messages printed after the graph output are aligned.
+	 */
+	int width;
+	/*
+	 * The next expansion row to print
+	 * when state is GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT
+	 */
+	int expansion_row;
+	/*
+	 * The current output state.
+	 * This tells us what kind of line graph_next_line() should output.
+	 */
+	enum graph_state state;
+	/*
+	 * The output state for the previous line of output.
+	 * This is primarily used to determine how the first merge line
+	 * should appear, based on the last line of the previous commit.
+	 */
+	enum graph_state prev_state;
+	/*
+	 * The index of the column that refers to this commit.
+	 *
+	 * If none of the incoming columns refer to this commit,
+	 * this will be equal to num_columns.
+	 */
+	int commit_index;
+	/*
+	 * The commit_index for the previously displayed commit.
+	 *
+	 * This is used to determine how the first line of a merge
+	 * graph output should appear, based on the last line of the
+	 * previous commit.
+	 */
+	int prev_commit_index;
+	/*
+	 * The maximum number of columns that can be stored in the columns
+	 * and new_columns arrays.  This is also half the number of entries
+	 * that can be stored in the mapping and new_mapping arrays.
+	 */
+	int column_capacity;
+	/*
+	 * The number of columns (also called "branch lines" in some places)
+	 */
+	int num_columns;
+	/*
+	 * The number of columns in the new_columns array
+	 */
+	int num_new_columns;
+	/*
+	 * The number of entries in the mapping array
+	 */
+	int mapping_size;
+	/*
+	 * The column state before we output the current commit.
+	 */
+	struct column *columns;
+	/*
+	 * The new column state after we output the current commit.
+	 * Only valid when state is GRAPH_COLLAPSING.
+	 */
+	struct column *new_columns;
+	/*
+	 * An array that tracks the current state of each
+	 * character in the output line during state GRAPH_COLLAPSING.
+	 * Each entry is -1 if this character is empty, or a non-negative
+	 * integer if the character contains a branch line.  The value of
+	 * the integer indicates the target position for this branch line.
+	 * (I.e., this array maps the current column positions to their
+	 * desired positions.)
+	 *
+	 * The maximum capacity of this array is always
+	 * sizeof(int) * 2 * column_capacity.
+	 */
+	int *mapping;
+	/*
+	 * A temporary array for computing the next mapping state
+	 * while we are outputting a mapping line.  This is stored as part
+	 * of the git_graph simply so we don't have to allocate a new
+	 * temporary array each time we have to output a collapsing line.
+	 */
+	int *new_mapping;
+	/*
+	 * The current default column color being used.  This is
+	 * stored as an index into the array column_colors.
+	 */
+	unsigned short default_column_color;
+};
+
+struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt)
+{
+	struct git_graph *graph = xmalloc(sizeof(struct git_graph));
+	graph->commit = NULL;
+	graph->revs = opt;
+	graph->num_parents = 0;
+	graph->expansion_row = 0;
+	graph->state = GRAPH_PADDING;
+	graph->prev_state = GRAPH_PADDING;
+	graph->commit_index = 0;
+	graph->prev_commit_index = 0;
+	graph->num_columns = 0;
+	graph->num_new_columns = 0;
+	graph->mapping_size = 0;
+	/*
+	 * Start the column color at the maximum value, since we'll
+	 * always increment it for the first commit we output.
+	 * This way we start at 0 for the first commit.
+	 */
+	graph->default_column_color = COLUMN_COLORS_MAX - 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate a reasonably large default number of columns
+	 * We'll automatically grow columns later if we need more room.
+	 */
+	graph->column_capacity = 30;
+	graph->columns = xmalloc(sizeof(struct column) *
+				 graph->column_capacity);
+	graph->new_columns = xmalloc(sizeof(struct column) *
+				     graph->column_capacity);
+	graph->mapping = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+	graph->new_mapping = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+
+	return graph;
+}
+
+static void graph_update_state(struct git_graph *graph, enum graph_state s)
+{
+	graph->prev_state = graph->state;
+	graph->state = s;
+}
+
+static void graph_ensure_capacity(struct git_graph *graph, int num_columns)
+{
+	if (graph->column_capacity >= num_columns)
+		return;
+
+	do {
+		graph->column_capacity *= 2;
+	} while (graph->column_capacity < num_columns);
+
+	graph->columns = xrealloc(graph->columns,
+				  sizeof(struct column) *
+				  graph->column_capacity);
+	graph->new_columns = xrealloc(graph->new_columns,
+				      sizeof(struct column) *
+				      graph->column_capacity);
+	graph->mapping = xrealloc(graph->mapping,
+				  sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+	graph->new_mapping = xrealloc(graph->new_mapping,
+				      sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the commit will be printed in the graph output,
+ * and 0 otherwise.
+ */
+static int graph_is_interesting(struct git_graph *graph, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If revs->boundary is set, commits whose children have
+	 * been shown are always interesting, even if they have the
+	 * UNINTERESTING or TREESAME flags set.
+	 */
+	if (graph->revs && graph->revs->boundary) {
+		if (commit->object.flags & CHILD_SHOWN)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise, use get_commit_action() to see if this commit is
+	 * interesting
+	 */
+	return get_commit_action(graph->revs, commit) == commit_show;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *next_interesting_parent(struct git_graph *graph,
+						   struct commit_list *orig)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list;
+
+	/*
+	 * If revs->first_parent_only is set, only the first
+	 * parent is interesting.  None of the others are.
+	 */
+	if (graph->revs->first_parent_only)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Return the next interesting commit after orig
+	 */
+	for (list = orig->next; list; list = list->next) {
+		if (graph_is_interesting(graph, list->item))
+			return list;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *first_interesting_parent(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents = graph->commit->parents;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this commit has no parents, ignore it
+	 */
+	if (!parents)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the first parent is interesting, return it
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_interesting(graph, parents->item))
+		return parents;
+
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise, call next_interesting_parent() to get
+	 * the next interesting parent
+	 */
+	return next_interesting_parent(graph, parents);
+}
+
+static unsigned short graph_get_current_column_color(const struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&graph->revs->diffopt, COLOR_DIFF))
+		return COLUMN_COLORS_MAX;
+	return graph->default_column_color;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update the graph's default column color.
+ */
+static void graph_increment_column_color(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	graph->default_column_color = (graph->default_column_color + 1) %
+		COLUMN_COLORS_MAX;
+}
+
+static unsigned short graph_find_commit_color(const struct git_graph *graph,
+					      const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_columns; i++) {
+		if (graph->columns[i].commit == commit)
+			return graph->columns[i].color;
+	}
+	return graph_get_current_column_color(graph);
+}
+
+static void graph_insert_into_new_columns(struct git_graph *graph,
+					  struct commit *commit,
+					  int *mapping_index)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the commit is already in the new_columns list, we don't need to
+	 * add it.  Just update the mapping correctly.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_new_columns; i++) {
+		if (graph->new_columns[i].commit == commit) {
+			graph->mapping[*mapping_index] = i;
+			*mapping_index += 2;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This commit isn't already in new_columns.  Add it.
+	 */
+	graph->new_columns[graph->num_new_columns].commit = commit;
+	graph->new_columns[graph->num_new_columns].color = graph_find_commit_color(graph, commit);
+	graph->mapping[*mapping_index] = graph->num_new_columns;
+	*mapping_index += 2;
+	graph->num_new_columns++;
+}
+
+static void graph_update_width(struct git_graph *graph,
+			       int is_commit_in_existing_columns)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Compute the width needed to display the graph for this commit.
+	 * This is the maximum width needed for any row.  All other rows
+	 * will be padded to this width.
+	 *
+	 * Compute the number of columns in the widest row:
+	 * Count each existing column (graph->num_columns), and each new
+	 * column added by this commit.
+	 */
+	int max_cols = graph->num_columns + graph->num_parents;
+
+	/*
+	 * Even if the current commit has no parents to be printed, it
+	 * still takes up a column for itself.
+	 */
+	if (graph->num_parents < 1)
+		max_cols++;
+
+	/*
+	 * We added a column for the the current commit as part of
+	 * graph->num_parents.  If the current commit was already in
+	 * graph->columns, then we have double counted it.
+	 */
+	if (is_commit_in_existing_columns)
+		max_cols--;
+
+	/*
+	 * Each column takes up 2 spaces
+	 */
+	graph->width = max_cols * 2;
+}
+
+static void graph_update_columns(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parent;
+	struct column *tmp_columns;
+	int max_new_columns;
+	int mapping_idx;
+	int i, seen_this, is_commit_in_columns;
+
+	/*
+	 * Swap graph->columns with graph->new_columns
+	 * graph->columns contains the state for the previous commit,
+	 * and new_columns now contains the state for our commit.
+	 *
+	 * We'll re-use the old columns array as storage to compute the new
+	 * columns list for the commit after this one.
+	 */
+	tmp_columns = graph->columns;
+	graph->columns = graph->new_columns;
+	graph->num_columns = graph->num_new_columns;
+
+	graph->new_columns = tmp_columns;
+	graph->num_new_columns = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now update new_columns and mapping with the information for the
+	 * commit after this one.
+	 *
+	 * First, make sure we have enough room.  At most, there will
+	 * be graph->num_columns + graph->num_parents columns for the next
+	 * commit.
+	 */
+	max_new_columns = graph->num_columns + graph->num_parents;
+	graph_ensure_capacity(graph, max_new_columns);
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear out graph->mapping
+	 */
+	graph->mapping_size = 2 * max_new_columns;
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->mapping_size; i++)
+		graph->mapping[i] = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Populate graph->new_columns and graph->mapping
+	 *
+	 * Some of the parents of this commit may already be in
+	 * graph->columns.  If so, graph->new_columns should only contain a
+	 * single entry for each such commit.  graph->mapping should
+	 * contain information about where each current branch line is
+	 * supposed to end up after the collapsing is performed.
+	 */
+	seen_this = 0;
+	mapping_idx = 0;
+	is_commit_in_columns = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i <= graph->num_columns; i++) {
+		struct commit *col_commit;
+		if (i == graph->num_columns) {
+			if (seen_this)
+				break;
+			is_commit_in_columns = 0;
+			col_commit = graph->commit;
+		} else {
+			col_commit = graph->columns[i].commit;
+		}
+
+		if (col_commit == graph->commit) {
+			int old_mapping_idx = mapping_idx;
+			seen_this = 1;
+			graph->commit_index = i;
+			for (parent = first_interesting_parent(graph);
+			     parent;
+			     parent = next_interesting_parent(graph, parent)) {
+				/*
+				 * If this is a merge, or the start of a new
+				 * childless column, increment the current
+				 * color.
+				 */
+				if (graph->num_parents > 1 ||
+				    !is_commit_in_columns) {
+					graph_increment_column_color(graph);
+				}
+				graph_insert_into_new_columns(graph,
+							      parent->item,
+							      &mapping_idx);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * We always need to increment mapping_idx by at
+			 * least 2, even if it has no interesting parents.
+			 * The current commit always takes up at least 2
+			 * spaces.
+			 */
+			if (mapping_idx == old_mapping_idx)
+				mapping_idx += 2;
+		} else {
+			graph_insert_into_new_columns(graph, col_commit,
+						      &mapping_idx);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Shrink mapping_size to be the minimum necessary
+	 */
+	while (graph->mapping_size > 1 &&
+	       graph->mapping[graph->mapping_size - 1] < 0)
+		graph->mapping_size--;
+
+	/*
+	 * Compute graph->width for this commit
+	 */
+	graph_update_width(graph, is_commit_in_columns);
+}
+
+void graph_update(struct git_graph *graph, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parent;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set the new commit
+	 */
+	graph->commit = commit;
+
+	/*
+	 * Count how many interesting parents this commit has
+	 */
+	graph->num_parents = 0;
+	for (parent = first_interesting_parent(graph);
+	     parent;
+	     parent = next_interesting_parent(graph, parent))
+	{
+		graph->num_parents++;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Store the old commit_index in prev_commit_index.
+	 * graph_update_columns() will update graph->commit_index for this
+	 * commit.
+	 */
+	graph->prev_commit_index = graph->commit_index;
+
+	/*
+	 * Call graph_update_columns() to update
+	 * columns, new_columns, and mapping.
+	 */
+	graph_update_columns(graph);
+
+	graph->expansion_row = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Update graph->state.
+	 * Note that we don't call graph_update_state() here, since
+	 * we don't want to update graph->prev_state.  No line for
+	 * graph->state was ever printed.
+	 *
+	 * If the previous commit didn't get to the GRAPH_PADDING state,
+	 * it never finished its output.  Goto GRAPH_SKIP, to print out
+	 * a line to indicate that portion of the graph is missing.
+	 *
+	 * If there are 3 or more parents, we may need to print extra rows
+	 * before the commit, to expand the branch lines around it and make
+	 * room for it.  We need to do this only if there is a branch row
+	 * (or more) to the right of this commit.
+	 *
+	 * If there are less than 3 parents, we can immediately print the
+	 * commit line.
+	 */
+	if (graph->state != GRAPH_PADDING)
+		graph->state = GRAPH_SKIP;
+	else if (graph->num_parents >= 3 &&
+		 graph->commit_index < (graph->num_columns - 1))
+		graph->state = GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT;
+	else
+		graph->state = GRAPH_COMMIT;
+}
+
+static int graph_is_mapping_correct(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * The mapping is up to date if each entry is at its target,
+	 * or is 1 greater than its target.
+	 * (If it is 1 greater than the target, '/' will be printed, so it
+	 * will look correct on the next row.)
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->mapping_size; i++) {
+		int target = graph->mapping[i];
+		if (target < 0)
+			continue;
+		if (target == (i / 2))
+			continue;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void graph_pad_horizontally(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb,
+				   int chars_written)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Add additional spaces to the end of the strbuf, so that all
+	 * lines for a particular commit have the same width.
+	 *
+	 * This way, fields printed to the right of the graph will remain
+	 * aligned for the entire commit.
+	 */
+	int extra;
+	if (chars_written >= graph->width)
+		return;
+
+	extra = graph->width - chars_written;
+	strbuf_addf(sb, "%*s", (int) extra, "");
+}
+
+static void graph_output_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph,
+				      struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * We could conceivable be called with a NULL commit
+	 * if our caller has a bug, and invokes graph_next_line()
+	 * immediately after graph_init(), without first calling
+	 * graph_update().  Return without outputting anything in this
+	 * case.
+	 */
+	if (!graph->commit)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Output a padding row, that leaves all branch lines unchanged
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_new_columns; i++) {
+		strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[i], '|');
+		strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+	}
+
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, graph->num_new_columns * 2);
+}
+
+static void graph_output_skip_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Output an ellipsis to indicate that a portion
+	 * of the graph is missing.
+	 */
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, "...");
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, 3);
+
+	if (graph->num_parents >= 3 &&
+	    graph->commit_index < (graph->num_columns - 1))
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT);
+	else
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_COMMIT);
+}
+
+static void graph_output_pre_commit_line(struct git_graph *graph,
+					 struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int num_expansion_rows;
+	int i, seen_this;
+	int chars_written;
+
+	/*
+	 * This function formats a row that increases the space around a commit
+	 * with multiple parents, to make room for it.  It should only be
+	 * called when there are 3 or more parents.
+	 *
+	 * We need 2 extra rows for every parent over 2.
+	 */
+	assert(graph->num_parents >= 3);
+	num_expansion_rows = (graph->num_parents - 2) * 2;
+
+	/*
+	 * graph->expansion_row tracks the current expansion row we are on.
+	 * It should be in the range [0, num_expansion_rows - 1]
+	 */
+	assert(0 <= graph->expansion_row &&
+	       graph->expansion_row < num_expansion_rows);
+
+	/*
+	 * Output the row
+	 */
+	seen_this = 0;
+	chars_written = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_columns; i++) {
+		struct column *col = &graph->columns[i];
+		if (col->commit == graph->commit) {
+			seen_this = 1;
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%*s", graph->expansion_row, "");
+			chars_written += 1 + graph->expansion_row;
+		} else if (seen_this && (graph->expansion_row == 0)) {
+			/*
+			 * This is the first line of the pre-commit output.
+			 * If the previous commit was a merge commit and
+			 * ended in the GRAPH_POST_MERGE state, all branch
+			 * lines after graph->prev_commit_index were
+			 * printed as "\" on the previous line.  Continue
+			 * to print them as "\" on this line.  Otherwise,
+			 * print the branch lines as "|".
+			 */
+			if (graph->prev_state == GRAPH_POST_MERGE &&
+			    graph->prev_commit_index < i)
+				strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '\\');
+			else
+				strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			chars_written++;
+		} else if (seen_this && (graph->expansion_row > 0)) {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '\\');
+			chars_written++;
+		} else {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			chars_written++;
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+		chars_written++;
+	}
+
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, chars_written);
+
+	/*
+	 * Increment graph->expansion_row,
+	 * and move to state GRAPH_COMMIT if necessary
+	 */
+	graph->expansion_row++;
+	if (graph->expansion_row >= num_expansion_rows)
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_COMMIT);
+}
+
+static void graph_output_commit_char(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * For boundary commits, print 'o'
+	 * (We should only see boundary commits when revs->boundary is set.)
+	 */
+	if (graph->commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY) {
+		assert(graph->revs->boundary);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, 'o');
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If revs->left_right is set, print '<' for commits that
+	 * come from the left side, and '>' for commits from the right
+	 * side.
+	 */
+	if (graph->revs && graph->revs->left_right) {
+		if (graph->commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '<');
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '>');
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Print '*' in all other cases
+	 */
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '*');
+}
+
+/*
+ * Draw an octopus merge and return the number of characters written.
+ */
+static int graph_draw_octopus_merge(struct git_graph *graph,
+				    struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Here dashless_commits represents the number of parents
+	 * which don't need to have dashes (because their edges fit
+	 * neatly under the commit).
+	 */
+	const int dashless_commits = 2;
+	int col_num, i;
+	int num_dashes =
+		((graph->num_parents - dashless_commits) * 2) - 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_dashes; i++) {
+		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+		strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '-');
+	}
+	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+	strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '.');
+	return num_dashes + 1;
+}
+
+static void graph_output_commit_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int seen_this = 0;
+	int i, chars_written;
+
+	/*
+	 * Output the row containing this commit
+	 * Iterate up to and including graph->num_columns,
+	 * since the current commit may not be in any of the existing
+	 * columns.  (This happens when the current commit doesn't have any
+	 * children that we have already processed.)
+	 */
+	seen_this = 0;
+	chars_written = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i <= graph->num_columns; i++) {
+		struct column *col = &graph->columns[i];
+		struct commit *col_commit;
+		if (i == graph->num_columns) {
+			if (seen_this)
+				break;
+			col_commit = graph->commit;
+		} else {
+			col_commit = graph->columns[i].commit;
+		}
+
+		if (col_commit == graph->commit) {
+			seen_this = 1;
+			graph_output_commit_char(graph, sb);
+			chars_written++;
+
+			if (graph->num_parents > 2)
+				chars_written += graph_draw_octopus_merge(graph,
+									  sb);
+		} else if (seen_this && (graph->num_parents > 2)) {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '\\');
+			chars_written++;
+		} else if (seen_this && (graph->num_parents == 2)) {
+			/*
+			 * This is a 2-way merge commit.
+			 * There is no GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT stage for 2-way
+			 * merges, so this is the first line of output
+			 * for this commit.  Check to see what the previous
+			 * line of output was.
+			 *
+			 * If it was GRAPH_POST_MERGE, the branch line
+			 * coming into this commit may have been '\',
+			 * and not '|' or '/'.  If so, output the branch
+			 * line as '\' on this line, instead of '|'.  This
+			 * makes the output look nicer.
+			 */
+			if (graph->prev_state == GRAPH_POST_MERGE &&
+			    graph->prev_commit_index < i)
+				strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '\\');
+			else
+				strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			chars_written++;
+		} else {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			chars_written++;
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+		chars_written++;
+	}
+
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, chars_written);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update graph->state
+	 */
+	if (graph->num_parents > 1)
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_POST_MERGE);
+	else if (graph_is_mapping_correct(graph))
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PADDING);
+	else
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_COLLAPSING);
+}
+
+static struct column *find_new_column_by_commit(struct git_graph *graph,
+						struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_new_columns; i++) {
+		if (graph->new_columns[i].commit == commit)
+			return &graph->new_columns[i];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void graph_output_post_merge_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int seen_this = 0;
+	int i, j, chars_written;
+
+	/*
+	 * Output the post-merge row
+	 */
+	chars_written = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i <= graph->num_columns; i++) {
+		struct column *col = &graph->columns[i];
+		struct commit *col_commit;
+		if (i == graph->num_columns) {
+			if (seen_this)
+				break;
+			col_commit = graph->commit;
+		} else {
+			col_commit = col->commit;
+		}
+
+		if (col_commit == graph->commit) {
+			/*
+			 * Since the current commit is a merge find
+			 * the columns for the parent commits in
+			 * new_columns and use those to format the
+			 * edges.
+			 */
+			struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
+			struct column *par_column;
+			seen_this = 1;
+			parents = first_interesting_parent(graph);
+			assert(parents);
+			par_column = find_new_column_by_commit(graph, parents->item);
+			assert(par_column);
+
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, par_column, '|');
+			chars_written++;
+			for (j = 0; j < graph->num_parents - 1; j++) {
+				parents = next_interesting_parent(graph, parents);
+				assert(parents);
+				par_column = find_new_column_by_commit(graph, parents->item);
+				assert(par_column);
+				strbuf_write_column(sb, par_column, '\\');
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			}
+			chars_written += j * 2;
+		} else if (seen_this) {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '\\');
+			strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			chars_written += 2;
+		} else {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			chars_written += 2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, chars_written);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update graph->state
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_mapping_correct(graph))
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PADDING);
+	else
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_COLLAPSING);
+}
+
+static void graph_output_collapsing_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+	int *tmp_mapping;
+	short used_horizontal = 0;
+	int horizontal_edge = -1;
+	int horizontal_edge_target = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear out the new_mapping array
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->mapping_size; i++)
+		graph->new_mapping[i] = -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->mapping_size; i++) {
+		int target = graph->mapping[i];
+		if (target < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since update_columns() always inserts the leftmost
+		 * column first, each branch's target location should
+		 * always be either its current location or to the left of
+		 * its current location.
+		 *
+		 * We never have to move branches to the right.  This makes
+		 * the graph much more legible, since whenever branches
+		 * cross, only one is moving directions.
+		 */
+		assert(target * 2 <= i);
+
+		if (target * 2 == i) {
+			/*
+			 * This column is already in the
+			 * correct place
+			 */
+			assert(graph->new_mapping[i] == -1);
+			graph->new_mapping[i] = target;
+		} else if (graph->new_mapping[i - 1] < 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Nothing is to the left.
+			 * Move to the left by one
+			 */
+			graph->new_mapping[i - 1] = target;
+			/*
+			 * If there isn't already an edge moving horizontally
+			 * select this one.
+			 */
+			if (horizontal_edge == -1) {
+				int j;
+				horizontal_edge = i;
+				horizontal_edge_target = target;
+				/*
+				 * The variable target is the index of the graph
+				 * column, and therefore target*2+3 is the
+				 * actual screen column of the first horizontal
+				 * line.
+				 */
+				for (j = (target * 2)+3; j < (i - 2); j += 2)
+					graph->new_mapping[j] = target;
+			}
+		} else if (graph->new_mapping[i - 1] == target) {
+			/*
+			 * There is a branch line to our left
+			 * already, and it is our target.  We
+			 * combine with this line, since we share
+			 * the same parent commit.
+			 *
+			 * We don't have to add anything to the
+			 * output or new_mapping, since the
+			 * existing branch line has already taken
+			 * care of it.
+			 */
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * There is a branch line to our left,
+			 * but it isn't our target.  We need to
+			 * cross over it.
+			 *
+			 * The space just to the left of this
+			 * branch should always be empty.
+			 *
+			 * The branch to the left of that space
+			 * should be our eventual target.
+			 */
+			assert(graph->new_mapping[i - 1] > target);
+			assert(graph->new_mapping[i - 2] < 0);
+			assert(graph->new_mapping[i - 3] == target);
+			graph->new_mapping[i - 2] = target;
+			/*
+			 * Mark this branch as the horizontal edge to
+			 * prevent any other edges from moving
+			 * horizontally.
+			 */
+			if (horizontal_edge == -1)
+				horizontal_edge = i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The new mapping may be 1 smaller than the old mapping
+	 */
+	if (graph->new_mapping[graph->mapping_size - 1] < 0)
+		graph->mapping_size--;
+
+	/*
+	 * Output out a line based on the new mapping info
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->mapping_size; i++) {
+		int target = graph->new_mapping[i];
+		if (target < 0)
+			strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+		else if (target * 2 == i)
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[target], '|');
+		else if (target == horizontal_edge_target &&
+			 i != horizontal_edge - 1) {
+				/*
+				 * Set the mappings for all but the
+				 * first segment to -1 so that they
+				 * won't continue into the next line.
+				 */
+				if (i != (target * 2)+3)
+					graph->new_mapping[i] = -1;
+				used_horizontal = 1;
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[target], '_');
+		} else {
+			if (used_horizontal && i < horizontal_edge)
+				graph->new_mapping[i] = -1;
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[target], '/');
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, graph->mapping_size);
+
+	/*
+	 * Swap mapping and new_mapping
+	 */
+	tmp_mapping = graph->mapping;
+	graph->mapping = graph->new_mapping;
+	graph->new_mapping = tmp_mapping;
+
+	/*
+	 * If graph->mapping indicates that all of the branch lines
+	 * are already in the correct positions, we are done.
+	 * Otherwise, we need to collapse some branch lines together.
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_mapping_correct(graph))
+		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PADDING);
+}
+
+static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	switch (graph->state) {
+	case GRAPH_PADDING:
+		graph_output_padding_line(graph, sb);
+		return 0;
+	case GRAPH_SKIP:
+		graph_output_skip_line(graph, sb);
+		return 0;
+	case GRAPH_PRE_COMMIT:
+		graph_output_pre_commit_line(graph, sb);
+		return 0;
+	case GRAPH_COMMIT:
+		graph_output_commit_line(graph, sb);
+		return 1;
+	case GRAPH_POST_MERGE:
+		graph_output_post_merge_line(graph, sb);
+		return 0;
+	case GRAPH_COLLAPSING:
+		graph_output_collapsing_line(graph, sb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	assert(0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void graph_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (graph->state != GRAPH_COMMIT) {
+		graph_next_line(graph, sb);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Output the row containing this commit
+	 * Iterate up to and including graph->num_columns,
+	 * since the current commit may not be in any of the existing
+	 * columns.  (This happens when the current commit doesn't have any
+	 * children that we have already processed.)
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_columns; i++) {
+		struct column *col = &graph->columns[i];
+		struct commit *col_commit = col->commit;
+		if (col_commit == graph->commit) {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+
+			if (graph->num_parents < 3)
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			else {
+				int num_spaces = ((graph->num_parents - 2) * 2);
+				for (j = 0; j < num_spaces; j++)
+					strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			}
+		} else {
+			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+			strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+		}
+	}
+
+	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, graph->num_columns);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update graph->prev_state since we have output a padding line
+	 */
+	graph->prev_state = GRAPH_PADDING;
+}
+
+int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph)
+{
+	return (graph->state == GRAPH_PADDING);
+}
+
+void graph_show_commit(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int shown_commit_line = 0;
+
+	if (!graph)
+		return;
+
+	while (!shown_commit_line) {
+		shown_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
+		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
+		if (!shown_commit_line)
+			putchar('\n');
+		strbuf_setlen(&msgbuf, 0);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+}
+
+void graph_show_oneline(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!graph)
+		return;
+
+	graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
+	fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+}
+
+void graph_show_padding(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!graph)
+		return;
+
+	graph_padding_line(graph, &msgbuf);
+	fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+}
+
+int graph_show_remainder(struct git_graph *graph)
+{
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int shown = 0;
+
+	if (!graph)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (graph_is_commit_finished(graph))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
+		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
+		strbuf_setlen(&msgbuf, 0);
+		shown = 1;
+
+		if (!graph_is_commit_finished(graph))
+			putchar('\n');
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+
+	return shown;
+}
+
+
+static void graph_show_strbuf(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf const *sb)
+{
+	char *p;
+
+	if (!graph) {
+		fwrite(sb->buf, sizeof(char), sb->len, stdout);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Print the strbuf line by line,
+	 * and display the graph info before each line but the first.
+	 */
+	p = sb->buf;
+	while (p) {
+		size_t len;
+		char *next_p = strchr(p, '\n');
+		if (next_p) {
+			next_p++;
+			len = next_p - p;
+		} else {
+			len = (sb->buf + sb->len) - p;
+		}
+		fwrite(p, sizeof(char), len, stdout);
+		if (next_p && *next_p != '\0')
+			graph_show_oneline(graph);
+		p = next_p;
+	}
+}
+
+void graph_show_commit_msg(struct git_graph *graph,
+			   struct strbuf const *sb)
+{
+	int newline_terminated;
+
+	if (!graph) {
+		/*
+		 * If there's no graph, just print the message buffer.
+		 *
+		 * The message buffer for CMIT_FMT_ONELINE and
+		 * CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT are already missing a terminating
+		 * newline.  All of the other formats should have it.
+		 */
+		fwrite(sb->buf, sizeof(char), sb->len, stdout);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	newline_terminated = (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] == '\n');
+
+	/*
+	 * Show the commit message
+	 */
+	graph_show_strbuf(graph, sb);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is more output needed for this commit, show it now
+	 */
+	if (!graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
+		/*
+		 * If sb doesn't have a terminating newline, print one now,
+		 * so we can start the remainder of the graph output on a
+		 * new line.
+		 */
+		if (!newline_terminated)
+			putchar('\n');
+
+		graph_show_remainder(graph);
+
+		/*
+		 * If sb ends with a newline, our output should too.
+		 */
+		if (newline_terminated)
+			putchar('\n');
+	}
+}
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b82ae87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#ifndef GRAPH_H
+#define GRAPH_H
+
+/* A graph is a pointer to this opaque structure */
+struct git_graph;
+
+/*
+ * Create a new struct git_graph.
+ */
+struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt);
+
+/*
+ * Update a git_graph with a new commit.
+ * This will cause the graph to begin outputting lines for the new commit
+ * the next time graph_next_line() is called.
+ *
+ * If graph_update() is called before graph_is_commit_finished() returns 1,
+ * the next call to graph_next_line() will output an ellipsis ("...")
+ * to indicate that a portion of the graph is missing.
+ */
+void graph_update(struct git_graph *graph, struct commit *commit);
+
+/*
+ * Determine if a graph has finished outputting lines for the current
+ * commit.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if graph_next_line() needs to be called again before
+ * graph_update() should be called.  Returns 0 if no more lines are needed
+ * for this commit.  If 0 is returned, graph_next_line() may still be
+ * called without calling graph_update(), and it will merely output
+ * appropriate "vertical padding" in the graph.
+ */
+int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph);
+
+
+/*
+ * graph_show_*: helper functions for printing to stdout
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * If the graph is non-NULL, print the history graph to stdout,
+ * up to and including the line containing this commit.
+ * Does not print a terminating newline on the last line.
+ */
+void graph_show_commit(struct git_graph *graph);
+
+/*
+ * If the graph is non-NULL, print one line of the history graph to stdout.
+ * Does not print a terminating newline on the last line.
+ */
+void graph_show_oneline(struct git_graph *graph);
+
+/*
+ * If the graph is non-NULL, print one line of vertical graph padding to
+ * stdout.  Does not print a terminating newline on the last line.
+ */
+void graph_show_padding(struct git_graph *graph);
+
+/*
+ * If the graph is non-NULL, print the rest of the history graph for this
+ * commit to stdout.  Does not print a terminating newline on the last line.
+ */
+int graph_show_remainder(struct git_graph *graph);
+
+/*
+ * Print a commit message strbuf and the remainder of the graph to stdout.
+ *
+ * This is similar to graph_show_strbuf(), but it always prints the
+ * remainder of the graph.
+ *
+ * If the strbuf ends with a newline, the output printed by
+ * graph_show_commit_msg() will end with a newline.  If the strbuf is
+ * missing a terminating newline (including if it is empty), the output
+ * printed by graph_show_commit_msg() will also be missing a terminating
+ * newline.
+ */
+void graph_show_commit_msg(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf const *sb);
+
+#endif /* GRAPH_H */
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0864f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "grep.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+
+void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_header_field field, const char *pat)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
+	p->pattern = pat;
+	p->origin = "header";
+	p->no = 0;
+	p->token = GREP_PATTERN_HEAD;
+	p->field = field;
+	*opt->pattern_tail = p;
+	opt->pattern_tail = &p->next;
+	p->next = NULL;
+}
+
+void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat,
+			 const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
+	p->pattern = pat;
+	p->origin = origin;
+	p->no = no;
+	p->token = t;
+	*opt->pattern_tail = p;
+	opt->pattern_tail = &p->next;
+	p->next = NULL;
+}
+
+struct grep_opt *grep_opt_dup(const struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *pat;
+	struct grep_opt *ret = xmalloc(sizeof(struct grep_opt));
+	*ret = *opt;
+
+	ret->pattern_list = NULL;
+	ret->pattern_tail = &ret->pattern_list;
+
+	for(pat = opt->pattern_list; pat != NULL; pat = pat->next)
+	{
+		if(pat->token == GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
+			append_header_grep_pattern(ret, pat->field,
+						   pat->pattern);
+		else
+			append_grep_pattern(ret, pat->pattern, pat->origin,
+					    pat->no, pat->token);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void compile_regexp(struct grep_pat *p, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	p->word_regexp = opt->word_regexp;
+	p->ignore_case = opt->ignore_case;
+	p->fixed = opt->fixed;
+
+	if (p->fixed)
+		return;
+
+	err = regcomp(&p->regexp, p->pattern, opt->regflags);
+	if (err) {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		char where[1024];
+		if (p->no)
+			sprintf(where, "In '%s' at %d, ",
+				p->origin, p->no);
+		else if (p->origin)
+			sprintf(where, "%s, ", p->origin);
+		else
+			where[0] = 0;
+		regerror(err, &p->regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		regfree(&p->regexp);
+		die("%s'%s': %s", where, p->pattern, errbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_or(struct grep_pat **);
+static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_atom(struct grep_pat **list)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	struct grep_expr *x;
+
+	p = *list;
+	if (!p)
+		return NULL;
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+		x = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct grep_expr));
+		x->node = GREP_NODE_ATOM;
+		x->u.atom = p;
+		*list = p->next;
+		return x;
+	case GREP_OPEN_PAREN:
+		*list = p->next;
+		x = compile_pattern_or(list);
+		if (!*list || (*list)->token != GREP_CLOSE_PAREN)
+			die("unmatched parenthesis");
+		*list = (*list)->next;
+		return x;
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_not(struct grep_pat **list)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	struct grep_expr *x;
+
+	p = *list;
+	if (!p)
+		return NULL;
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_NOT:
+		if (!p->next)
+			die("--not not followed by pattern expression");
+		*list = p->next;
+		x = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct grep_expr));
+		x->node = GREP_NODE_NOT;
+		x->u.unary = compile_pattern_not(list);
+		if (!x->u.unary)
+			die("--not followed by non pattern expression");
+		return x;
+	default:
+		return compile_pattern_atom(list);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_and(struct grep_pat **list)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	struct grep_expr *x, *y, *z;
+
+	x = compile_pattern_not(list);
+	p = *list;
+	if (p && p->token == GREP_AND) {
+		if (!p->next)
+			die("--and not followed by pattern expression");
+		*list = p->next;
+		y = compile_pattern_and(list);
+		if (!y)
+			die("--and not followed by pattern expression");
+		z = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct grep_expr));
+		z->node = GREP_NODE_AND;
+		z->u.binary.left = x;
+		z->u.binary.right = y;
+		return z;
+	}
+	return x;
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_or(struct grep_pat **list)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	struct grep_expr *x, *y, *z;
+
+	x = compile_pattern_and(list);
+	p = *list;
+	if (x && p && p->token != GREP_CLOSE_PAREN) {
+		y = compile_pattern_or(list);
+		if (!y)
+			die("not a pattern expression %s", p->pattern);
+		z = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct grep_expr));
+		z->node = GREP_NODE_OR;
+		z->u.binary.left = x;
+		z->u.binary.right = y;
+		return z;
+	}
+	return x;
+}
+
+static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_expr(struct grep_pat **list)
+{
+	return compile_pattern_or(list);
+}
+
+void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+
+	if (opt->all_match)
+		opt->extended = 1;
+
+	for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
+		switch (p->token) {
+		case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
+		case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+		case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+			compile_regexp(p, opt);
+			break;
+		default:
+			opt->extended = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!opt->extended)
+		return;
+
+	/* Then bundle them up in an expression.
+	 * A classic recursive descent parser would do.
+	 */
+	p = opt->pattern_list;
+	if (p)
+		opt->pattern_expression = compile_pattern_expr(&p);
+	if (p)
+		die("incomplete pattern expression: %s", p->pattern);
+}
+
+static void free_pattern_expr(struct grep_expr *x)
+{
+	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_NOT:
+		free_pattern_expr(x->u.unary);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_AND:
+	case GREP_NODE_OR:
+		free_pattern_expr(x->u.binary.left);
+		free_pattern_expr(x->u.binary.right);
+		break;
+	}
+	free(x);
+}
+
+void free_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p, *n;
+
+	for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = n) {
+		n = p->next;
+		switch (p->token) {
+		case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
+		case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+		case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+			regfree(&p->regexp);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		free(p);
+	}
+
+	if (!opt->extended)
+		return;
+	free_pattern_expr(opt->pattern_expression);
+}
+
+static char *end_of_line(char *cp, unsigned long *left)
+{
+	unsigned long l = *left;
+	while (l && *cp != '\n') {
+		l--;
+		cp++;
+	}
+	*left = l;
+	return cp;
+}
+
+static int word_char(char ch)
+{
+	return isalnum(ch) || ch == '_';
+}
+
+static void show_name(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name)
+{
+	opt->output(opt, name, strlen(name));
+	opt->output(opt, opt->null_following_name ? "\0" : "\n", 1);
+}
+
+
+static int fixmatch(const char *pattern, char *line, int ignore_case, regmatch_t *match)
+{
+	char *hit;
+	if (ignore_case)
+		hit = strcasestr(line, pattern);
+	else
+		hit = strstr(line, pattern);
+
+	if (!hit) {
+		match->rm_so = match->rm_eo = -1;
+		return REG_NOMATCH;
+	}
+	else {
+		match->rm_so = hit - line;
+		match->rm_eo = match->rm_so + strlen(pattern);
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int strip_timestamp(char *bol, char **eol_p)
+{
+	char *eol = *eol_p;
+	int ch;
+
+	while (bol < --eol) {
+		if (*eol != '>')
+			continue;
+		*eol_p = ++eol;
+		ch = *eol;
+		*eol = '\0';
+		return ch;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct {
+	const char *field;
+	size_t len;
+} header_field[] = {
+	{ "author ", 7 },
+	{ "committer ", 10 },
+};
+
+static int match_one_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
+			     enum grep_context ctx,
+			     regmatch_t *pmatch, int eflags)
+{
+	int hit = 0;
+	int saved_ch = 0;
+	const char *start = bol;
+
+	if ((p->token != GREP_PATTERN) &&
+	    ((p->token == GREP_PATTERN_HEAD) != (ctx == GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (p->token == GREP_PATTERN_HEAD) {
+		const char *field;
+		size_t len;
+		assert(p->field < ARRAY_SIZE(header_field));
+		field = header_field[p->field].field;
+		len = header_field[p->field].len;
+		if (strncmp(bol, field, len))
+			return 0;
+		bol += len;
+		saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+	}
+
+ again:
+	if (p->fixed)
+		hit = !fixmatch(p->pattern, bol, p->ignore_case, pmatch);
+	else
+		hit = !regexec(&p->regexp, bol, 1, pmatch, eflags);
+
+	if (hit && p->word_regexp) {
+		if ((pmatch[0].rm_so < 0) ||
+		    (eol - bol) < pmatch[0].rm_so ||
+		    (pmatch[0].rm_eo < 0) ||
+		    (eol - bol) < pmatch[0].rm_eo)
+			die("regexp returned nonsense");
+
+		/* Match beginning must be either beginning of the
+		 * line, or at word boundary (i.e. the last char must
+		 * not be a word char).  Similarly, match end must be
+		 * either end of the line, or at word boundary
+		 * (i.e. the next char must not be a word char).
+		 */
+		if ( ((pmatch[0].rm_so == 0) ||
+		      !word_char(bol[pmatch[0].rm_so-1])) &&
+		     ((pmatch[0].rm_eo == (eol-bol)) ||
+		      !word_char(bol[pmatch[0].rm_eo])) )
+			;
+		else
+			hit = 0;
+
+		/* Words consist of at least one character. */
+		if (pmatch->rm_so == pmatch->rm_eo)
+			hit = 0;
+
+		if (!hit && pmatch[0].rm_so + bol + 1 < eol) {
+			/* There could be more than one match on the
+			 * line, and the first match might not be
+			 * strict word match.  But later ones could be!
+			 * Forward to the next possible start, i.e. the
+			 * next position following a non-word char.
+			 */
+			bol = pmatch[0].rm_so + bol + 1;
+			while (word_char(bol[-1]) && bol < eol)
+				bol++;
+			eflags |= REG_NOTBOL;
+			if (bol < eol)
+				goto again;
+		}
+	}
+	if (p->token == GREP_PATTERN_HEAD && saved_ch)
+		*eol = saved_ch;
+	if (hit) {
+		pmatch[0].rm_so += bol - start;
+		pmatch[0].rm_eo += bol - start;
+	}
+	return hit;
+}
+
+static int match_expr_eval(struct grep_expr *x, char *bol, char *eol,
+			   enum grep_context ctx, int collect_hits)
+{
+	int h = 0;
+	regmatch_t match;
+
+	if (!x)
+		die("Not a valid grep expression");
+	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
+		h = match_one_pattern(x->u.atom, bol, eol, ctx, &match, 0);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_NOT:
+		h = !match_expr_eval(x->u.unary, bol, eol, ctx, 0);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_AND:
+		if (!match_expr_eval(x->u.binary.left, bol, eol, ctx, 0))
+			return 0;
+		h = match_expr_eval(x->u.binary.right, bol, eol, ctx, 0);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_OR:
+		if (!collect_hits)
+			return (match_expr_eval(x->u.binary.left,
+						bol, eol, ctx, 0) ||
+				match_expr_eval(x->u.binary.right,
+						bol, eol, ctx, 0));
+		h = match_expr_eval(x->u.binary.left, bol, eol, ctx, 0);
+		x->u.binary.left->hit |= h;
+		h |= match_expr_eval(x->u.binary.right, bol, eol, ctx, 1);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("Unexpected node type (internal error) %d", x->node);
+	}
+	if (collect_hits)
+		x->hit |= h;
+	return h;
+}
+
+static int match_expr(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
+		      enum grep_context ctx, int collect_hits)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *x = opt->pattern_expression;
+	return match_expr_eval(x, bol, eol, ctx, collect_hits);
+}
+
+static int match_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
+		      enum grep_context ctx, int collect_hits)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	regmatch_t match;
+
+	if (opt->extended)
+		return match_expr(opt, bol, eol, ctx, collect_hits);
+
+	/* we do not call with collect_hits without being extended */
+	for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (match_one_pattern(p, bol, eol, ctx, &match, 0))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_next_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
+			      enum grep_context ctx,
+			      regmatch_t *pmatch, int eflags)
+{
+	regmatch_t match;
+
+	if (!match_one_pattern(p, bol, eol, ctx, &match, eflags))
+		return 0;
+	if (match.rm_so < 0 || match.rm_eo < 0)
+		return 0;
+	if (pmatch->rm_so >= 0 && pmatch->rm_eo >= 0) {
+		if (match.rm_so > pmatch->rm_so)
+			return 1;
+		if (match.rm_so == pmatch->rm_so && match.rm_eo < pmatch->rm_eo)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	pmatch->rm_so = match.rm_so;
+	pmatch->rm_eo = match.rm_eo;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int next_match(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
+		      enum grep_context ctx, regmatch_t *pmatch, int eflags)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	int hit = 0;
+
+	pmatch->rm_so = pmatch->rm_eo = -1;
+	if (bol < eol) {
+		for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
+			switch (p->token) {
+			case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
+			case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+			case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+				hit |= match_next_pattern(p, bol, eol, ctx,
+							  pmatch, eflags);
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return hit;
+}
+
+static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
+		      const char *name, unsigned lno, char sign)
+{
+	int rest = eol - bol;
+	char sign_str[1];
+
+	sign_str[0] = sign;
+	if (opt->pre_context || opt->post_context) {
+		if (opt->last_shown == 0) {
+			if (opt->show_hunk_mark)
+				opt->output(opt, "--\n", 3);
+			else
+				opt->show_hunk_mark = 1;
+		} else if (lno > opt->last_shown + 1)
+			opt->output(opt, "--\n", 3);
+	}
+	opt->last_shown = lno;
+
+	if (opt->null_following_name)
+		sign_str[0] = '\0';
+	if (opt->pathname) {
+		opt->output(opt, name, strlen(name));
+		opt->output(opt, sign_str, 1);
+	}
+	if (opt->linenum) {
+		char buf[32];
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", lno);
+		opt->output(opt, buf, strlen(buf));
+		opt->output(opt, sign_str, 1);
+	}
+	if (opt->color) {
+		regmatch_t match;
+		enum grep_context ctx = GREP_CONTEXT_BODY;
+		int ch = *eol;
+		int eflags = 0;
+
+		*eol = '\0';
+		while (next_match(opt, bol, eol, ctx, &match, eflags)) {
+			if (match.rm_so == match.rm_eo)
+				break;
+
+			opt->output(opt, bol, match.rm_so);
+			opt->output(opt, opt->color_match,
+				    strlen(opt->color_match));
+			opt->output(opt, bol + match.rm_so,
+				    (int)(match.rm_eo - match.rm_so));
+			opt->output(opt, GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+				    strlen(GIT_COLOR_RESET));
+			bol += match.rm_eo;
+			rest -= match.rm_eo;
+			eflags = REG_NOTBOL;
+		}
+		*eol = ch;
+	}
+	opt->output(opt, bol, rest);
+	opt->output(opt, "\n", 1);
+}
+
+static int match_funcname(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol)
+{
+	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = opt->priv;
+	if (xecfg && xecfg->find_func) {
+		char buf[1];
+		return xecfg->find_func(bol, eol - bol, buf, 1,
+					xecfg->find_func_priv) >= 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bol == eol)
+		return 0;
+	if (isalpha(*bol) || *bol == '_' || *bol == '$')
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_funcname_line(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
+			       char *buf, char *bol, unsigned lno)
+{
+	while (bol > buf) {
+		char *eol = --bol;
+
+		while (bol > buf && bol[-1] != '\n')
+			bol--;
+		lno--;
+
+		if (lno <= opt->last_shown)
+			break;
+
+		if (match_funcname(opt, bol, eol)) {
+			show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, lno, '=');
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_pre_context(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf,
+			     char *bol, unsigned lno)
+{
+	unsigned cur = lno, from = 1, funcname_lno = 0;
+	int funcname_needed = opt->funcname;
+
+	if (opt->pre_context < lno)
+		from = lno - opt->pre_context;
+	if (from <= opt->last_shown)
+		from = opt->last_shown + 1;
+
+	/* Rewind. */
+	while (bol > buf && cur > from) {
+		char *eol = --bol;
+
+		while (bol > buf && bol[-1] != '\n')
+			bol--;
+		cur--;
+		if (funcname_needed && match_funcname(opt, bol, eol)) {
+			funcname_lno = cur;
+			funcname_needed = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* We need to look even further back to find a function signature. */
+	if (opt->funcname && funcname_needed)
+		show_funcname_line(opt, name, buf, bol, cur);
+
+	/* Back forward. */
+	while (cur < lno) {
+		char *eol = bol, sign = (cur == funcname_lno) ? '=' : '-';
+
+		while (*eol != '\n')
+			eol++;
+		show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, cur, sign);
+		bol = eol + 1;
+		cur++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int should_lookahead(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+
+	if (opt->extended)
+		return 0; /* punt for too complex stuff */
+	if (opt->invert)
+		return 0;
+	for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN)
+			return 0; /* punt for "header only" and stuff */
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int look_ahead(struct grep_opt *opt,
+		      unsigned long *left_p,
+		      unsigned *lno_p,
+		      char **bol_p)
+{
+	unsigned lno = *lno_p;
+	char *bol = *bol_p;
+	struct grep_pat *p;
+	char *sp, *last_bol;
+	regoff_t earliest = -1;
+
+	for (p = opt->pattern_list; p; p = p->next) {
+		int hit;
+		regmatch_t m;
+
+		if (p->fixed)
+			hit = !fixmatch(p->pattern, bol, p->ignore_case, &m);
+		else {
+#ifdef REG_STARTEND
+			m.rm_so = 0;
+			m.rm_eo = *left_p;
+			hit = !regexec(&p->regexp, bol, 1, &m, REG_STARTEND);
+#else
+			hit = !regexec(&p->regexp, bol, 1, &m, 0);
+#endif
+		}
+		if (!hit || m.rm_so < 0 || m.rm_eo < 0)
+			continue;
+		if (earliest < 0 || m.rm_so < earliest)
+			earliest = m.rm_so;
+	}
+
+	if (earliest < 0) {
+		*bol_p = bol + *left_p;
+		*left_p = 0;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	for (sp = bol + earliest; bol < sp && sp[-1] != '\n'; sp--)
+		; /* find the beginning of the line */
+	last_bol = sp;
+
+	for (sp = bol; sp < last_bol; sp++) {
+		if (*sp == '\n')
+			lno++;
+	}
+	*left_p -= last_bol - bol;
+	*bol_p = last_bol;
+	*lno_p = lno;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int grep_threads_ok(const struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	/* If this condition is true, then we may use the attribute
+	 * machinery in grep_buffer_1. The attribute code is not
+	 * thread safe, so we disable the use of threads.
+	 */
+	if (opt->funcname && !opt->unmatch_name_only && !opt->status_only &&
+	    !opt->name_only)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* If we are showing hunk marks, we should not do it for the
+	 * first match. The synchronization problem we get for this
+	 * constraint is not yet solved, so we disable threading in
+	 * this case.
+	 */
+	if (opt->pre_context || opt->post_context)
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void std_output(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	fwrite(buf, size, 1, stdout);
+}
+
+static int grep_buffer_1(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name,
+			 char *buf, unsigned long size, int collect_hits)
+{
+	char *bol = buf;
+	unsigned long left = size;
+	unsigned lno = 1;
+	unsigned last_hit = 0;
+	int binary_match_only = 0;
+	unsigned count = 0;
+	int try_lookahead = 0;
+	enum grep_context ctx = GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
+	opt->last_shown = 0;
+
+	if (!opt->output)
+		opt->output = std_output;
+
+	if (buffer_is_binary(buf, size)) {
+		switch (opt->binary) {
+		case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
+			binary_match_only = 1;
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
+			return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	if (opt->funcname && !opt->unmatch_name_only && !opt->status_only &&
+	    !opt->name_only && !binary_match_only && !collect_hits) {
+		struct userdiff_driver *drv = userdiff_find_by_path(name);
+		if (drv && drv->funcname.pattern) {
+			const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &drv->funcname;
+			xdiff_set_find_func(&xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
+			opt->priv = &xecfg;
+		}
+	}
+	try_lookahead = should_lookahead(opt);
+
+	while (left) {
+		char *eol, ch;
+		int hit;
+
+		/*
+		 * look_ahead() skips quicly to the line that possibly
+		 * has the next hit; don't call it if we need to do
+		 * something more than just skipping the current line
+		 * in response to an unmatch for the current line.  E.g.
+		 * inside a post-context window, we will show the current
+		 * line as a context around the previous hit when it
+		 * doesn't hit.
+		 */
+		if (try_lookahead
+		    && !(last_hit
+			 && lno <= last_hit + opt->post_context)
+		    && look_ahead(opt, &left, &lno, &bol))
+			break;
+		eol = end_of_line(bol, &left);
+		ch = *eol;
+		*eol = 0;
+
+		if ((ctx == GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD) && (eol == bol))
+			ctx = GREP_CONTEXT_BODY;
+
+		hit = match_line(opt, bol, eol, ctx, collect_hits);
+		*eol = ch;
+
+		if (collect_hits)
+			goto next_line;
+
+		/* "grep -v -e foo -e bla" should list lines
+		 * that do not have either, so inversion should
+		 * be done outside.
+		 */
+		if (opt->invert)
+			hit = !hit;
+		if (opt->unmatch_name_only) {
+			if (hit)
+				return 0;
+			goto next_line;
+		}
+		if (hit) {
+			count++;
+			if (opt->status_only)
+				return 1;
+			if (binary_match_only) {
+				opt->output(opt, "Binary file ", 12);
+				opt->output(opt, name, strlen(name));
+				opt->output(opt, " matches\n", 9);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			if (opt->name_only) {
+				show_name(opt, name);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			/* Hit at this line.  If we haven't shown the
+			 * pre-context lines, we would need to show them.
+			 * When asked to do "count", this still show
+			 * the context which is nonsense, but the user
+			 * deserves to get that ;-).
+			 */
+			if (opt->pre_context)
+				show_pre_context(opt, name, buf, bol, lno);
+			else if (opt->funcname)
+				show_funcname_line(opt, name, buf, bol, lno);
+			if (!opt->count)
+				show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, lno, ':');
+			last_hit = lno;
+		}
+		else if (last_hit &&
+			 lno <= last_hit + opt->post_context) {
+			/* If the last hit is within the post context,
+			 * we need to show this line.
+			 */
+			show_line(opt, bol, eol, name, lno, '-');
+		}
+
+	next_line:
+		bol = eol + 1;
+		if (!left)
+			break;
+		left--;
+		lno++;
+	}
+
+	if (collect_hits)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (opt->status_only)
+		return 0;
+	if (opt->unmatch_name_only) {
+		/* We did not see any hit, so we want to show this */
+		show_name(opt, name);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	xdiff_clear_find_func(&xecfg);
+	opt->priv = NULL;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK:
+	 * The real "grep -c foo *.c" gives many "bar.c:0" lines,
+	 * which feels mostly useless but sometimes useful.  Maybe
+	 * make it another option?  For now suppress them.
+	 */
+	if (opt->count && count) {
+		char buf[32];
+		opt->output(opt, name, strlen(name));
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%c%u\n",
+			 opt->null_following_name ? '\0' : ':', count);
+		opt->output(opt, buf, strlen(buf));
+	}
+	return !!last_hit;
+}
+
+static void clr_hit_marker(struct grep_expr *x)
+{
+	/* All-hit markers are meaningful only at the very top level
+	 * OR node.
+	 */
+	while (1) {
+		x->hit = 0;
+		if (x->node != GREP_NODE_OR)
+			return;
+		x->u.binary.left->hit = 0;
+		x = x->u.binary.right;
+	}
+}
+
+static int chk_hit_marker(struct grep_expr *x)
+{
+	/* Top level nodes have hit markers.  See if they all are hits */
+	while (1) {
+		if (x->node != GREP_NODE_OR)
+			return x->hit;
+		if (!x->u.binary.left->hit)
+			return 0;
+		x = x->u.binary.right;
+	}
+}
+
+int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	/*
+	 * we do not have to do the two-pass grep when we do not check
+	 * buffer-wide "all-match".
+	 */
+	if (!opt->all_match)
+		return grep_buffer_1(opt, name, buf, size, 0);
+
+	/* Otherwise the toplevel "or" terms hit a bit differently.
+	 * We first clear hit markers from them.
+	 */
+	clr_hit_marker(opt->pattern_expression);
+	grep_buffer_1(opt, name, buf, size, 1);
+
+	if (!chk_hit_marker(opt->pattern_expression))
+		return 0;
+
+	return grep_buffer_1(opt, name, buf, size, 0);
+}
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9703087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#ifndef GREP_H
+#define GREP_H
+#include "color.h"
+
+enum grep_pat_token {
+	GREP_PATTERN,
+	GREP_PATTERN_HEAD,
+	GREP_PATTERN_BODY,
+	GREP_AND,
+	GREP_OPEN_PAREN,
+	GREP_CLOSE_PAREN,
+	GREP_NOT,
+	GREP_OR,
+};
+
+enum grep_context {
+	GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD,
+	GREP_CONTEXT_BODY,
+};
+
+enum grep_header_field {
+	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER,
+};
+
+struct grep_pat {
+	struct grep_pat *next;
+	const char *origin;
+	int no;
+	enum grep_pat_token token;
+	const char *pattern;
+	enum grep_header_field field;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	unsigned fixed:1;
+	unsigned ignore_case:1;
+	unsigned word_regexp:1;
+};
+
+enum grep_expr_node {
+	GREP_NODE_ATOM,
+	GREP_NODE_NOT,
+	GREP_NODE_AND,
+	GREP_NODE_OR,
+};
+
+struct grep_expr {
+	enum grep_expr_node node;
+	unsigned hit;
+	union {
+		struct grep_pat *atom;
+		struct grep_expr *unary;
+		struct {
+			struct grep_expr *left;
+			struct grep_expr *right;
+		} binary;
+	} u;
+};
+
+struct grep_opt {
+	struct grep_pat *pattern_list;
+	struct grep_pat **pattern_tail;
+	struct grep_expr *pattern_expression;
+	const char *prefix;
+	int prefix_length;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	int linenum;
+	int invert;
+	int ignore_case;
+	int status_only;
+	int name_only;
+	int unmatch_name_only;
+	int count;
+	int word_regexp;
+	int fixed;
+	int all_match;
+#define GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT	0
+#define GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH	1
+#define GREP_BINARY_TEXT	2
+	int binary;
+	int extended;
+	int relative;
+	int pathname;
+	int null_following_name;
+	int color;
+	int max_depth;
+	int funcname;
+	char color_match[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	int regflags;
+	unsigned pre_context;
+	unsigned post_context;
+	unsigned last_shown;
+	int show_hunk_mark;
+	void *priv;
+
+	void (*output)(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *data, size_t size);
+	void *output_priv;
+};
+
+extern void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
+extern void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *, enum grep_header_field, const char *);
+extern void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt);
+extern void free_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt);
+extern int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *name, char *buf, unsigned long size);
+
+extern struct grep_opt *grep_opt_dup(const struct grep_opt *opt);
+extern int grep_threads_ok(const struct grep_opt *opt);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/hash.c b/hash.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd4c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Some generic hashing helpers.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "hash.h"
+
+/*
+ * Look up a hash entry in the hash table. Return the pointer to
+ * the existing entry, or the empty slot if none existed. The caller
+ * can then look at the (*ptr) to see whether it existed or not.
+ */
+static struct hash_table_entry *lookup_hash_entry(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	unsigned int size = table->size, nr = hash % size;
+	struct hash_table_entry *array = table->array;
+
+	while (array[nr].ptr) {
+		if (array[nr].hash == hash)
+			break;
+		nr++;
+		if (nr >= size)
+			nr = 0;
+	}
+	return array + nr;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Insert a new hash entry pointer into the table.
+ *
+ * If that hash entry already existed, return the pointer to
+ * the existing entry (and the caller can create a list of the
+ * pointers or do anything else). If it didn't exist, return
+ * NULL (and the caller knows the pointer has been inserted).
+ */
+static void **insert_hash_entry(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	struct hash_table_entry *entry = lookup_hash_entry(hash, table);
+
+	if (!entry->ptr) {
+		entry->ptr = ptr;
+		entry->hash = hash;
+		table->nr++;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return &entry->ptr;
+}
+
+static void grow_hash_table(struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int old_size = table->size, new_size;
+	struct hash_table_entry *old_array = table->array, *new_array;
+
+	new_size = alloc_nr(old_size);
+	new_array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), new_size);
+	table->size = new_size;
+	table->array = new_array;
+	table->nr = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++) {
+		unsigned int hash = old_array[i].hash;
+		void *ptr = old_array[i].ptr;
+		if (ptr)
+			insert_hash_entry(hash, ptr, table);
+	}
+	free(old_array);
+}
+
+void *lookup_hash(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	if (!table->array)
+		return NULL;
+	return lookup_hash_entry(hash, table)->ptr;
+}
+
+void **insert_hash(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	unsigned int nr = table->nr;
+	if (nr >= table->size/2)
+		grow_hash_table(table);
+	return insert_hash_entry(hash, ptr, table);
+}
+
+int for_each_hash(const struct hash_table *table, int (*fn)(void *))
+{
+	int sum = 0;
+	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int size = table->size;
+	struct hash_table_entry *array = table->array;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		void *ptr = array->ptr;
+		array++;
+		if (ptr) {
+			int val = fn(ptr);
+			if (val < 0)
+				return val;
+			sum += val;
+		}
+	}
+	return sum;
+}
+
+void free_hash(struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	free(table->array);
+	table->array = NULL;
+	table->size = 0;
+	table->nr = 0;
+}
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69e33a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef HASH_H
+#define HASH_H
+
+/*
+ * These are some simple generic hash table helper functions.
+ * Not necessarily suitable for all users, but good for things
+ * where you want to just keep track of a list of things, and
+ * have a good hash to use on them.
+ *
+ * It keeps the hash table at roughly 50-75% free, so the memory
+ * cost of the hash table itself is roughly
+ *
+ *	3 * 2*sizeof(void *) * nr_of_objects
+ *
+ * bytes.
+ *
+ * FIXME: on 64-bit architectures, we waste memory. It would be
+ * good to have just 32-bit pointers, requiring a special allocator
+ * for hashed entries or something.
+ */
+struct hash_table_entry {
+	unsigned int hash;
+	void *ptr;
+};
+
+struct hash_table {
+	unsigned int size, nr;
+	struct hash_table_entry *array;
+};
+
+extern void *lookup_hash(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table);
+extern void **insert_hash(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table);
+extern int for_each_hash(const struct hash_table *table, int (*fn)(void *));
+extern void free_hash(struct hash_table *table);
+
+static inline void init_hash(struct hash_table *table)
+{
+	table->size = 0;
+	table->nr = 0;
+	table->array = NULL;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9da97d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/help.c
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "levenshtein.h"
+#include "help.h"
+
+/* most GUI terminals set COLUMNS (although some don't export it) */
+static int term_columns(void)
+{
+	char *col_string = getenv("COLUMNS");
+	int n_cols;
+
+	if (col_string && (n_cols = atoi(col_string)) > 0)
+		return n_cols;
+
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+	{
+		struct winsize ws;
+		if (!ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws)) {
+			if (ws.ws_col)
+				return ws.ws_col;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return 80;
+}
+
+void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len)
+{
+	struct cmdname *ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + len + 1);
+
+	ent->len = len;
+	memcpy(ent->name, name, len);
+	ent->name[len] = 0;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(cmds->names, cmds->cnt + 1, cmds->alloc);
+	cmds->names[cmds->cnt++] = ent;
+}
+
+static void clean_cmdnames(struct cmdnames *cmds)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < cmds->cnt; ++i)
+		free(cmds->names[i]);
+	free(cmds->names);
+	cmds->cnt = 0;
+	cmds->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+static int cmdname_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct cmdname *a = *(struct cmdname **)a_;
+	struct cmdname *b = *(struct cmdname **)b_;
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static void uniq(struct cmdnames *cmds)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (!cmds->cnt)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++)
+		if (strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[i-1]->name))
+			cmds->names[j++] = cmds->names[i];
+
+	cmds->cnt = j;
+}
+
+void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes)
+{
+	int ci, cj, ei;
+	int cmp;
+
+	ci = cj = ei = 0;
+	while (ci < cmds->cnt && ei < excludes->cnt) {
+		cmp = strcmp(cmds->names[ci]->name, excludes->names[ei]->name);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			cmds->names[cj++] = cmds->names[ci++];
+		else if (cmp == 0)
+			ci++, ei++;
+		else if (cmp > 0)
+			ei++;
+	}
+
+	while (ci < cmds->cnt)
+		cmds->names[cj++] = cmds->names[ci++];
+
+	cmds->cnt = cj;
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_string_list(struct cmdnames *cmds, int longest)
+{
+	int cols = 1, rows;
+	int space = longest + 1; /* min 1 SP between words */
+	int max_cols = term_columns() - 1; /* don't print *on* the edge */
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (space < max_cols)
+		cols = max_cols / space;
+	rows = DIV_ROUND_UP(cmds->cnt, cols);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+		printf("  ");
+
+		for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
+			int n = j * rows + i;
+			int size = space;
+			if (n >= cmds->cnt)
+				break;
+			if (j == cols-1 || n + rows >= cmds->cnt)
+				size = 1;
+			printf("%-*s", size, cmds->names[n]->name);
+		}
+		putchar('\n');
+	}
+}
+
+static int is_executable(const char *name)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(name, &st) || /* stat, not lstat */
+	    !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+{	/* cannot trust the executable bit, peek into the file instead */
+	char buf[3] = { 0 };
+	int n;
+	int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
+	st.st_mode &= ~S_IXUSR;
+	if (fd >= 0) {
+		n = read(fd, buf, 2);
+		if (n == 2)
+			/* DOS executables start with "MZ" */
+			if (!strcmp(buf, "#!") || !strcmp(buf, "MZ"))
+				st.st_mode |= S_IXUSR;
+		close(fd);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+	return st.st_mode & S_IXUSR;
+}
+
+static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
+					 const char *path,
+					 const char *prefix)
+{
+	int prefix_len;
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	struct dirent *de;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+	if (!prefix)
+		prefix = "git-";
+	prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/", path);
+	len = buf.len;
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		int entlen;
+
+		if (prefixcmp(de->d_name, prefix))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, de->d_name);
+		if (!is_executable(buf.buf))
+			continue;
+
+		entlen = strlen(de->d_name) - prefix_len;
+		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".exe"))
+			entlen -= 4;
+
+		add_cmdname(cmds, de->d_name + prefix_len, entlen);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+void load_command_list(const char *prefix,
+		struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
+		struct cmdnames *other_cmds)
+{
+	const char *env_path = getenv("PATH");
+	const char *exec_path = git_exec_path();
+
+	if (exec_path) {
+		list_commands_in_dir(main_cmds, exec_path, prefix);
+		qsort(main_cmds->names, main_cmds->cnt,
+		      sizeof(*main_cmds->names), cmdname_compare);
+		uniq(main_cmds);
+	}
+
+	if (env_path) {
+		char *paths, *path, *colon;
+		path = paths = xstrdup(env_path);
+		while (1) {
+			if ((colon = strchr(path, PATH_SEP)))
+				*colon = 0;
+			if (!exec_path || strcmp(path, exec_path))
+				list_commands_in_dir(other_cmds, path, prefix);
+
+			if (!colon)
+				break;
+			path = colon + 1;
+		}
+		free(paths);
+
+		qsort(other_cmds->names, other_cmds->cnt,
+		      sizeof(*other_cmds->names), cmdname_compare);
+		uniq(other_cmds);
+	}
+	exclude_cmds(other_cmds, main_cmds);
+}
+
+void list_commands(const char *title, struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
+		   struct cmdnames *other_cmds)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < main_cmds->cnt; i++)
+		if (longest < main_cmds->names[i]->len)
+			longest = main_cmds->names[i]->len;
+	for (i = 0; i < other_cmds->cnt; i++)
+		if (longest < other_cmds->names[i]->len)
+			longest = other_cmds->names[i]->len;
+
+	if (main_cmds->cnt) {
+		const char *exec_path = git_exec_path();
+		printf("available %s in '%s'\n", title, exec_path);
+		printf("----------------");
+		mput_char('-', strlen(title) + strlen(exec_path));
+		putchar('\n');
+		pretty_print_string_list(main_cmds, longest);
+		putchar('\n');
+	}
+
+	if (other_cmds->cnt) {
+		printf("%s available from elsewhere on your $PATH\n", title);
+		printf("---------------------------------------");
+		mput_char('-', strlen(title));
+		putchar('\n');
+		pretty_print_string_list(other_cmds, longest);
+		putchar('\n');
+	}
+}
+
+int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < c->cnt; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(s, c->names[i]->name))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int autocorrect;
+static struct cmdnames aliases;
+
+static int git_unknown_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "help.autocorrect"))
+		autocorrect = git_config_int(var,value);
+	/* Also use aliases for command lookup */
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "alias."))
+		add_cmdname(&aliases, var + 6, strlen(var + 6));
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static int levenshtein_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	const struct cmdname *const *c1 = p1, *const *c2 = p2;
+	const char *s1 = (*c1)->name, *s2 = (*c2)->name;
+	int l1 = (*c1)->len;
+	int l2 = (*c2)->len;
+	return l1 != l2 ? l1 - l2 : strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+
+static void add_cmd_list(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *old)
+{
+	int i;
+	ALLOC_GROW(cmds->names, cmds->cnt + old->cnt, cmds->alloc);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < old->cnt; i++)
+		cmds->names[cmds->cnt++] = old->names[i];
+	free(old->names);
+	old->cnt = 0;
+	old->names = NULL;
+}
+
+/* An empirically derived magic number */
+#define SIMILAR_ENOUGH(x) ((x) < 6)
+
+const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
+{
+	int i, n, best_similarity = 0;
+	struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
+
+	memset(&main_cmds, 0, sizeof(main_cmds));
+	memset(&other_cmds, 0, sizeof(other_cmds));
+	memset(&aliases, 0, sizeof(aliases));
+
+	git_config(git_unknown_cmd_config, NULL);
+
+	load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+
+	add_cmd_list(&main_cmds, &aliases);
+	add_cmd_list(&main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
+	      sizeof(main_cmds.names), cmdname_compare);
+	uniq(&main_cmds);
+
+	/* This reuses cmdname->len for similarity index */
+	for (i = 0; i < main_cmds.cnt; ++i)
+		main_cmds.names[i]->len =
+			levenshtein(cmd, main_cmds.names[i]->name, 0, 2, 1, 4);
+
+	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
+	      sizeof(*main_cmds.names), levenshtein_compare);
+
+	if (!main_cmds.cnt)
+		die ("Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all.");
+
+	best_similarity = main_cmds.names[0]->len;
+	n = 1;
+	while (n < main_cmds.cnt && best_similarity == main_cmds.names[n]->len)
+		++n;
+	if (autocorrect && n == 1 && SIMILAR_ENOUGH(best_similarity)) {
+		const char *assumed = main_cmds.names[0]->name;
+		main_cmds.names[0] = NULL;
+		clean_cmdnames(&main_cmds);
+		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', "
+			"which does not exist.\n"
+			"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'\n",
+			cmd, assumed);
+		if (autocorrect > 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "in %0.1f seconds automatically...\n",
+				(float)autocorrect/10.0);
+			poll(NULL, 0, autocorrect * 100);
+		}
+		return assumed;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "git: '%s' is not a git-command. See 'git --help'.\n", cmd);
+
+	if (SIMILAR_ENOUGH(best_similarity)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "\nDid you mean %s?\n",
+			n < 2 ? "this": "one of these");
+
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", main_cmds.names[i]->name);
+	}
+
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56bc154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/help.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifndef HELP_H
+#define HELP_H
+
+struct cmdnames {
+	int alloc;
+	int cnt;
+	struct cmdname {
+		size_t len; /* also used for similarity index in help.c */
+		char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+	} **names;
+};
+
+static inline void mput_char(char c, unsigned int num)
+{
+	while(num--)
+		putchar(c);
+}
+
+void load_command_list(const char *prefix,
+		struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
+		struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
+void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len);
+/* Here we require that excludes is a sorted list. */
+void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes);
+int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s);
+void list_commands(const char *title, struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
+		   struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
+
+#endif /* HELP_H */
diff --git a/hex.c b/hex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb402fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+const signed char hexval_table[256] = {
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 00-07 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 08-0f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 10-17 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 18-1f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 20-27 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 28-2f */
+	  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,		/* 30-37 */
+	  8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 38-3f */
+	 -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,		/* 40-47 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 48-4f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 50-57 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 58-5f */
+	 -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,		/* 60-67 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 68-67 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 70-77 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 78-7f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 80-87 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 88-8f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 90-97 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 98-9f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* a0-a7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* a8-af */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* b0-b7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* b8-bf */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* c0-c7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* c8-cf */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* d0-d7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* d8-df */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* e0-e7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* e8-ef */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* f0-f7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* f8-ff */
+};
+
+int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		unsigned int val = (hexval(hex[0]) << 4) | hexval(hex[1]);
+		if (val & ~0xff)
+			return -1;
+		*sha1++ = val;
+		hex += 2;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static int bufno;
+	static char hexbuffer[4][50];
+	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+	char *buffer = hexbuffer[3 & ++bufno], *buf = buffer;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		unsigned int val = *sha1++;
+		*buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
+		*buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
+	}
+	*buf = '\0';
+
+	return buffer;
+}
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..345c12b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -0,0 +1,658 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static const char content_type[] = "Content-Type";
+static const char content_length[] = "Content-Length";
+static const char last_modified[] = "Last-Modified";
+static int getanyfile = 1;
+
+static struct string_list *query_params;
+
+struct rpc_service {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *config_name;
+	signed enabled : 2;
+};
+
+static struct rpc_service rpc_service[] = {
+	{ "upload-pack", "uploadpack", 1 },
+	{ "receive-pack", "receivepack", -1 },
+};
+
+static int decode_char(const char *q)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned char val = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = *q++;
+		val <<= 4;
+		if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+			val += c - '0';
+		else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+			val += c - 'a' + 10;
+		else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+			val += c - 'A' + 10;
+		else
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return val;
+}
+
+static char *decode_parameter(const char **query, int is_name)
+{
+	const char *q = *query;
+	struct strbuf out;
+
+	strbuf_init(&out, 16);
+	do {
+		unsigned char c = *q;
+
+		if (!c)
+			break;
+		if (c == '&' || (is_name && c == '=')) {
+			q++;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (c == '%') {
+			int val = decode_char(q + 1);
+			if (0 <= val) {
+				strbuf_addch(&out, val);
+				q += 3;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (c == '+')
+			strbuf_addch(&out, ' ');
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&out, c);
+		q++;
+	} while (1);
+	*query = q;
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct string_list *get_parameters(void)
+{
+	if (!query_params) {
+		const char *query = getenv("QUERY_STRING");
+
+		query_params = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*query_params));
+		while (query && *query) {
+			char *name = decode_parameter(&query, 1);
+			char *value = decode_parameter(&query, 0);
+			struct string_list_item *i;
+
+			i = string_list_lookup(name, query_params);
+			if (!i)
+				i = string_list_insert(name, query_params);
+			else
+				free(i->util);
+			i->util = value;
+		}
+	}
+	return query_params;
+}
+
+static const char *get_parameter(const char *name)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *i;
+	i = string_list_lookup(name, get_parameters());
+	return i ? i->util : NULL;
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+static void format_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	static char buffer[1024];
+
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	if (n >= sizeof(buffer))
+		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
+
+	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+}
+
+static void http_status(unsigned code, const char *msg)
+{
+	format_write(1, "Status: %u %s\r\n", code, msg);
+}
+
+static void hdr_str(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	format_write(1, "%s: %s\r\n", name, value);
+}
+
+static void hdr_int(const char *name, uintmax_t value)
+{
+	format_write(1, "%s: %" PRIuMAX "\r\n", name, value);
+}
+
+static void hdr_date(const char *name, unsigned long when)
+{
+	const char *value = show_date(when, 0, DATE_RFC2822);
+	hdr_str(name, value);
+}
+
+static void hdr_nocache(void)
+{
+	hdr_str("Expires", "Fri, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT");
+	hdr_str("Pragma", "no-cache");
+	hdr_str("Cache-Control", "no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate");
+}
+
+static void hdr_cache_forever(void)
+{
+	unsigned long now = time(NULL);
+	hdr_date("Date", now);
+	hdr_date("Expires", now + 31536000);
+	hdr_str("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=31536000");
+}
+
+static void end_headers(void)
+{
+	safe_write(1, "\r\n", 2);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static NORETURN void not_found(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+
+	http_status(404, "Not Found");
+	hdr_nocache();
+	end_headers();
+
+	va_start(params, err);
+	if (err && *err)
+		vfprintf(stderr, err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static NORETURN void forbidden(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+
+	http_status(403, "Forbidden");
+	hdr_nocache();
+	end_headers();
+
+	va_start(params, err);
+	if (err && *err)
+		vfprintf(stderr, err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+static void select_getanyfile(void)
+{
+	if (!getanyfile)
+		forbidden("Unsupported service: getanyfile");
+}
+
+static void send_strbuf(const char *type, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	hdr_int(content_length, buf->len);
+	hdr_str(content_type, type);
+	end_headers();
+	safe_write(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
+}
+
+static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
+{
+	const char *p = git_path("%s", name);
+	size_t buf_alloc = 8192;
+	char *buf = xmalloc(buf_alloc);
+	int fd;
+	struct stat sb;
+
+	fd = open(p, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		not_found("Cannot open '%s': %s", p, strerror(errno));
+	if (fstat(fd, &sb) < 0)
+		die_errno("Cannot stat '%s'", p);
+
+	hdr_int(content_length, sb.st_size);
+	hdr_str(content_type, the_type);
+	hdr_date(last_modified, sb.st_mtime);
+	end_headers();
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t n = xread(fd, buf, buf_alloc);
+		if (n < 0)
+			die_errno("Cannot read '%s'", p);
+		if (!n)
+			break;
+		safe_write(1, buf, n);
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static void get_text_file(char *name)
+{
+	select_getanyfile();
+	hdr_nocache();
+	send_local_file("text/plain", name);
+}
+
+static void get_loose_object(char *name)
+{
+	select_getanyfile();
+	hdr_cache_forever();
+	send_local_file("application/x-git-loose-object", name);
+}
+
+static void get_pack_file(char *name)
+{
+	select_getanyfile();
+	hdr_cache_forever();
+	send_local_file("application/x-git-packed-objects", name);
+}
+
+static void get_idx_file(char *name)
+{
+	select_getanyfile();
+	hdr_cache_forever();
+	send_local_file("application/x-git-packed-objects-toc", name);
+}
+
+static int http_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "http.getanyfile")) {
+		getanyfile = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "http.")) {
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
+			struct rpc_service *svc = &rpc_service[i];
+			if (!strcmp(var + 5, svc->config_name)) {
+				svc->enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* we are not interested in parsing any other configuration here */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct rpc_service *select_service(const char *name)
+{
+	struct rpc_service *svc = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(name, "git-"))
+		forbidden("Unsupported service: '%s'", name);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
+		struct rpc_service *s = &rpc_service[i];
+		if (!strcmp(s->name, name + 4)) {
+			svc = s;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!svc)
+		forbidden("Unsupported service: '%s'", name);
+
+	if (svc->enabled < 0) {
+		const char *user = getenv("REMOTE_USER");
+		svc->enabled = (user && *user) ? 1 : 0;
+	}
+	if (!svc->enabled)
+		forbidden("Service not enabled: '%s'", svc->name);
+	return svc;
+}
+
+static void inflate_request(const char *prog_name, int out)
+{
+	z_stream stream;
+	unsigned char in_buf[8192];
+	unsigned char out_buf[8192];
+	unsigned long cnt = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	ret = inflateInit2(&stream, (15 + 16));
+	if (ret != Z_OK)
+		die("cannot start zlib inflater, zlib err %d", ret);
+
+	while (1) {
+		ssize_t n = xread(0, in_buf, sizeof(in_buf));
+		if (n <= 0)
+			die("request ended in the middle of the gzip stream");
+
+		stream.next_in = in_buf;
+		stream.avail_in = n;
+
+		while (0 < stream.avail_in) {
+			int ret;
+
+			stream.next_out = out_buf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(out_buf);
+
+			ret = inflate(&stream, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+			if (ret != Z_OK && ret != Z_STREAM_END)
+				die("zlib error inflating request, result %d", ret);
+
+			n = stream.total_out - cnt;
+			if (write_in_full(out, out_buf, n) != n)
+				die("%s aborted reading request", prog_name);
+			cnt += n;
+
+			if (ret == Z_STREAM_END)
+				goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+done:
+	inflateEnd(&stream);
+	close(out);
+}
+
+static void run_service(const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *encoding = getenv("HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING");
+	const char *user = getenv("REMOTE_USER");
+	const char *host = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
+	char *env[3];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int gzipped_request = 0;
+	struct child_process cld;
+
+	if (encoding && !strcmp(encoding, "gzip"))
+		gzipped_request = 1;
+	else if (encoding && !strcmp(encoding, "x-gzip"))
+		gzipped_request = 1;
+
+	if (!user || !*user)
+		user = "anonymous";
+	if (!host || !*host)
+		host = "(none)";
+
+	memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
+	env[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
+	env[1] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	env[2] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&cld, 0, sizeof(cld));
+	cld.argv = argv;
+	cld.env = (const char *const *)env;
+	if (gzipped_request)
+		cld.in = -1;
+	cld.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cld))
+		exit(1);
+
+	close(1);
+	if (gzipped_request)
+		inflate_request(argv[0], cld.in);
+	else
+		close(0);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cld))
+		exit(1);
+	free(env[0]);
+	free(env[1]);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!o)
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name);
+	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, name, 0);
+		if (!o)
+			return 0;
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), name);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_info_refs(char *arg)
+{
+	const char *service_name = get_parameter("service");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	hdr_nocache();
+
+	if (service_name) {
+		const char *argv[] = {NULL /* service name */,
+			"--stateless-rpc", "--advertise-refs",
+			".", NULL};
+		struct rpc_service *svc = select_service(service_name);
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "application/x-git-%s-advertisement",
+			svc->name);
+		hdr_str(content_type, buf.buf);
+		end_headers();
+
+		packet_write(1, "# service=git-%s\n", svc->name);
+		packet_flush(1);
+
+		argv[0] = svc->name;
+		run_service(argv);
+
+	} else {
+		select_getanyfile();
+		for_each_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
+		send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void get_info_packs(char *arg)
+{
+	size_t objdirlen = strlen(get_object_directory());
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	size_t cnt = 0;
+
+	select_getanyfile();
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->pack_local)
+			cnt++;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_grow(&buf, cnt * 53 + 2);
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->pack_local)
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "P %s\n", p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6);
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+	hdr_nocache();
+	send_strbuf("text/plain; charset=utf-8", &buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void check_content_type(const char *accepted_type)
+{
+	const char *actual_type = getenv("CONTENT_TYPE");
+
+	if (!actual_type)
+		actual_type = "";
+
+	if (strcmp(actual_type, accepted_type)) {
+		http_status(415, "Unsupported Media Type");
+		hdr_nocache();
+		end_headers();
+		format_write(1,
+			"Expected POST with Content-Type '%s',"
+			" but received '%s' instead.\n",
+			accepted_type, actual_type);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+}
+
+static void service_rpc(char *service_name)
+{
+	const char *argv[] = {NULL, "--stateless-rpc", ".", NULL};
+	struct rpc_service *svc = select_service(service_name);
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "application/x-git-%s-request", svc->name);
+	check_content_type(buf.buf);
+
+	hdr_nocache();
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "application/x-git-%s-result", svc->name);
+	hdr_str(content_type, buf.buf);
+
+	end_headers();
+
+	argv[0] = svc->name;
+	run_service(argv);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static NORETURN void die_webcgi(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	char buffer[1000];
+
+	http_status(500, "Internal Server Error");
+	hdr_nocache();
+	end_headers();
+
+	vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), err, params);
+	fprintf(stderr, "fatal: %s\n", buffer);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+static char* getdir(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *pathinfo = getenv("PATH_INFO");
+	char *root = getenv("GIT_PROJECT_ROOT");
+	char *path = getenv("PATH_TRANSLATED");
+
+	if (root && *root) {
+		if (!pathinfo || !*pathinfo)
+			die("GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set but PATH_INFO is not");
+		if (daemon_avoid_alias(pathinfo))
+			die("'%s': aliased", pathinfo);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, root);
+		if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '/')
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
+		if (pathinfo[0] == '/')
+			pathinfo++;
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, pathinfo);
+		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	} else if (path && *path) {
+		return xstrdup(path);
+	} else
+		die("No GIT_PROJECT_ROOT or PATH_TRANSLATED from server");
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct service_cmd {
+	const char *method;
+	const char *pattern;
+	void (*imp)(char *);
+} services[] = {
+	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/info/refs$", get_info_refs},
+	{"GET", "/objects/info/alternates$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/objects/info/http-alternates$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/objects/info/packs$", get_info_packs},
+	{"GET", "/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38}$", get_loose_object},
+	{"GET", "/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\\.pack$", get_pack_file},
+	{"GET", "/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\\.idx$", get_idx_file},
+
+	{"POST", "/git-upload-pack$", service_rpc},
+	{"POST", "/git-receive-pack$", service_rpc}
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *method = getenv("REQUEST_METHOD");
+	char *dir;
+	struct service_cmd *cmd = NULL;
+	char *cmd_arg = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	set_die_routine(die_webcgi);
+
+	if (!method)
+		die("No REQUEST_METHOD from server");
+	if (!strcmp(method, "HEAD"))
+		method = "GET";
+	dir = getdir();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(services); i++) {
+		struct service_cmd *c = &services[i];
+		regex_t re;
+		regmatch_t out[1];
+
+		if (regcomp(&re, c->pattern, REG_EXTENDED))
+			die("Bogus regex in service table: %s", c->pattern);
+		if (!regexec(&re, dir, 1, out, 0)) {
+			size_t n;
+
+			if (strcmp(method, c->method)) {
+				const char *proto = getenv("SERVER_PROTOCOL");
+				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1"))
+					http_status(405, "Method Not Allowed");
+				else
+					http_status(400, "Bad Request");
+				hdr_nocache();
+				end_headers();
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			cmd = c;
+			n = out[0].rm_eo - out[0].rm_so;
+			cmd_arg = xmalloc(n);
+			memcpy(cmd_arg, dir + out[0].rm_so + 1, n-1);
+			cmd_arg[n-1] = '\0';
+			dir[out[0].rm_so] = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+		regfree(&re);
+	}
+
+	if (!cmd)
+		not_found("Request not supported: '%s'", dir);
+
+	setup_path();
+	if (!enter_repo(dir, 0))
+		not_found("Not a git repository: '%s'", dir);
+	if (!getenv("GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL") &&
+	    access("git-daemon-export-ok", F_OK) )
+		not_found("Repository not exported: '%s'", dir);
+
+	git_config(http_config, NULL);
+	cmd->imp(cmd_arg);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/http-fetch.c b/http-fetch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd0ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http-fetch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "walker.h"
+
+static const char http_fetch_usage[] = "git http-fetch "
+"[-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [--recover] [-w ref] [--stdin] commit-id url";
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct walker *walker;
+	int commits_on_stdin = 0;
+	int commits;
+	const char **write_ref = NULL;
+	char **commit_id;
+	const char *url;
+	char *rewritten_url = NULL;
+	int arg = 1;
+	int rc = 0;
+	int get_tree = 0;
+	int get_history = 0;
+	int get_all = 0;
+	int get_verbosely = 0;
+	int get_recover = 0;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+
+	while (arg < argc && argv[arg][0] == '-') {
+		if (argv[arg][1] == 't') {
+			get_tree = 1;
+		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'c') {
+			get_history = 1;
+		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'a') {
+			get_all = 1;
+			get_tree = 1;
+			get_history = 1;
+		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'v') {
+			get_verbosely = 1;
+		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'w') {
+			write_ref = &argv[arg + 1];
+			arg++;
+		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'h') {
+			usage(http_fetch_usage);
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--recover")) {
+			get_recover = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--stdin")) {
+			commits_on_stdin = 1;
+		}
+		arg++;
+	}
+	if (argc != arg + 2 - commits_on_stdin)
+		usage(http_fetch_usage);
+	if (commits_on_stdin) {
+		commits = walker_targets_stdin(&commit_id, &write_ref);
+	} else {
+		commit_id = (char **) &argv[arg++];
+		commits = 1;
+	}
+	url = argv[arg];
+
+	prefix = setup_git_directory();
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	if (url && url[strlen(url)-1] != '/') {
+		rewritten_url = xmalloc(strlen(url)+2);
+		strcpy(rewritten_url, url);
+		strcat(rewritten_url, "/");
+		url = rewritten_url;
+	}
+
+	walker = get_http_walker(url, NULL);
+	walker->get_tree = get_tree;
+	walker->get_history = get_history;
+	walker->get_all = get_all;
+	walker->get_verbosely = get_verbosely;
+	walker->get_recover = get_recover;
+
+	rc = walker_fetch(walker, commits, commit_id, write_ref, url);
+
+	if (commits_on_stdin)
+		walker_targets_free(commits, commit_id, write_ref);
+
+	if (walker->corrupt_object_found) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+"Some loose object were found to be corrupt, but they might be just\n"
+"a false '404 Not Found' error message sent with incorrect HTTP\n"
+"status code.  Suggest running 'git fsck'.\n");
+	}
+
+	walker_free(walker);
+
+	free(rewritten_url);
+
+	return rc;
+}
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..432b20f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2106 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "http.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+
+#include <expat.h>
+
+static const char http_push_usage[] =
+"git http-push [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <remote> [<head>...]\n";
+
+#ifndef XML_STATUS_OK
+enum XML_Status {
+  XML_STATUS_OK = 1,
+  XML_STATUS_ERROR = 0
+};
+#define XML_STATUS_OK    1
+#define XML_STATUS_ERROR 0
+#endif
+
+#define PREV_BUF_SIZE 4096
+
+/* DAV methods */
+#define DAV_LOCK "LOCK"
+#define DAV_MKCOL "MKCOL"
+#define DAV_MOVE "MOVE"
+#define DAV_PROPFIND "PROPFIND"
+#define DAV_PUT "PUT"
+#define DAV_UNLOCK "UNLOCK"
+#define DAV_DELETE "DELETE"
+
+/* DAV lock flags */
+#define DAV_PROP_LOCKWR (1u << 0)
+#define DAV_PROP_LOCKEX (1u << 1)
+#define DAV_LOCK_OK (1u << 2)
+
+/* DAV XML properties */
+#define DAV_CTX_LOCKENTRY ".multistatus.response.propstat.prop.supportedlock.lockentry"
+#define DAV_CTX_LOCKTYPE_WRITE ".multistatus.response.propstat.prop.supportedlock.lockentry.locktype.write"
+#define DAV_CTX_LOCKTYPE_EXCLUSIVE ".multistatus.response.propstat.prop.supportedlock.lockentry.lockscope.exclusive"
+#define DAV_ACTIVELOCK_OWNER ".prop.lockdiscovery.activelock.owner.href"
+#define DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TIMEOUT ".prop.lockdiscovery.activelock.timeout"
+#define DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TOKEN ".prop.lockdiscovery.activelock.locktoken.href"
+#define DAV_PROPFIND_RESP ".multistatus.response"
+#define DAV_PROPFIND_NAME ".multistatus.response.href"
+#define DAV_PROPFIND_COLLECTION ".multistatus.response.propstat.prop.resourcetype.collection"
+
+/* DAV request body templates */
+#define PROPFIND_SUPPORTEDLOCK_REQUEST "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?>\n<D:propfind xmlns:D=\"DAV:\">\n<D:prop xmlns:R=\"%s\">\n<D:supportedlock/>\n</D:prop>\n</D:propfind>"
+#define PROPFIND_ALL_REQUEST "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?>\n<D:propfind xmlns:D=\"DAV:\">\n<D:allprop/>\n</D:propfind>"
+#define LOCK_REQUEST "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?>\n<D:lockinfo xmlns:D=\"DAV:\">\n<D:lockscope><D:exclusive/></D:lockscope>\n<D:locktype><D:write/></D:locktype>\n<D:owner>\n<D:href>mailto:%s</D:href>\n</D:owner>\n</D:lockinfo>"
+
+#define LOCK_TIME 600
+#define LOCK_REFRESH 30
+
+/* bits #0-15 in revision.h */
+
+#define LOCAL    (1u<<16)
+#define REMOTE   (1u<<17)
+#define FETCHING (1u<<18)
+#define PUSHING  (1u<<19)
+
+/* We allow "recursive" symbolic refs. Only within reason, though */
+#define MAXDEPTH 5
+
+static int pushing;
+static int aborted;
+static signed char remote_dir_exists[256];
+
+static int push_verbosely;
+static int push_all = MATCH_REFS_NONE;
+static int force_all;
+static int dry_run;
+static int helper_status;
+
+static struct object_list *objects;
+
+struct repo
+{
+	char *url;
+	char *path;
+	int path_len;
+	int has_info_refs;
+	int can_update_info_refs;
+	int has_info_packs;
+	struct packed_git *packs;
+	struct remote_lock *locks;
+};
+
+static struct repo *repo;
+
+enum transfer_state {
+	NEED_FETCH,
+	RUN_FETCH_LOOSE,
+	RUN_FETCH_PACKED,
+	NEED_PUSH,
+	RUN_MKCOL,
+	RUN_PUT,
+	RUN_MOVE,
+	ABORTED,
+	COMPLETE,
+};
+
+struct transfer_request
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	char *url;
+	char *dest;
+	struct remote_lock *lock;
+	struct curl_slist *headers;
+	struct buffer buffer;
+	enum transfer_state state;
+	CURLcode curl_result;
+	char errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
+	long http_code;
+	void *userData;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct transfer_request *next;
+};
+
+static struct transfer_request *request_queue_head;
+
+struct xml_ctx
+{
+	char *name;
+	int len;
+	char *cdata;
+	void (*userFunc)(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed);
+	void *userData;
+};
+
+struct remote_lock
+{
+	char *url;
+	char *owner;
+	char *token;
+	char tmpfile_suffix[41];
+	time_t start_time;
+	long timeout;
+	int refreshing;
+	struct remote_lock *next;
+};
+
+/* Flags that control remote_ls processing */
+#define PROCESS_FILES (1u << 0)
+#define PROCESS_DIRS  (1u << 1)
+#define RECURSIVE     (1u << 2)
+
+/* Flags that remote_ls passes to callback functions */
+#define IS_DIR (1u << 0)
+
+struct remote_ls_ctx
+{
+	char *path;
+	void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls);
+	void *userData;
+	int flags;
+	char *dentry_name;
+	int dentry_flags;
+	struct remote_ls_ctx *parent;
+};
+
+/* get_dav_token_headers options */
+enum dav_header_flag {
+	DAV_HEADER_IF = (1u << 0),
+	DAV_HEADER_LOCK = (1u << 1),
+	DAV_HEADER_TIMEOUT = (1u << 2)
+};
+
+static char *xml_entities(char *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	while (*s) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
+		strbuf_add(&buf, s, len);
+		s += len;
+		switch (*s) {
+		case '"':
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&quot;");
+			break;
+		case '<':
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&lt;");
+			break;
+		case '>':
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&gt;");
+			break;
+		case '&':
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&amp;");
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		}
+		s++;
+	}
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct curl_slist *get_dav_token_headers(struct remote_lock *lock, enum dav_header_flag options)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+
+	if (options & DAV_HEADER_IF) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "If: (<%s>)", lock->token);
+		dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+	if (options & DAV_HEADER_LOCK) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Lock-Token: <%s>", lock->token);
+		dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+	if (options & DAV_HEADER_TIMEOUT) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Timeout: Second-%ld", lock->timeout);
+		dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return dav_headers;
+}
+
+static void finish_request(struct transfer_request *request);
+static void release_request(struct transfer_request *request);
+
+static void process_response(void *callback_data)
+{
+	struct transfer_request *request =
+		(struct transfer_request *)callback_data;
+
+	finish_request(request);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+
+static void start_fetch_loose(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct http_object_request *obj_req;
+
+	obj_req = new_http_object_request(repo->url, request->obj->sha1);
+	if (obj_req == NULL) {
+		request->state = ABORTED;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	slot = obj_req->slot;
+	slot->callback_func = process_response;
+	slot->callback_data = request;
+	request->slot = slot;
+	request->userData = obj_req;
+
+	/* Try to get the request started, abort the request on error */
+	request->state = RUN_FETCH_LOOSE;
+	if (!start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start GET request\n");
+		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
+		release_http_object_request(obj_req);
+		release_request(request);
+	}
+}
+
+static void start_mkcol(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1);
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+
+	request->url = get_remote_object_url(repo->url, hex, 1);
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->callback_func = process_response;
+	slot->callback_data = request;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1); /* undo PUT setup */
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, request->url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, request->errorstr);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_MKCOL);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		request->slot = slot;
+		request->state = RUN_MKCOL;
+	} else {
+		request->state = ABORTED;
+		free(request->url);
+		request->url = NULL;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static void start_fetch_packed(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	struct packed_git *target;
+
+	struct transfer_request *check_request = request_queue_head;
+	struct http_pack_request *preq;
+
+	target = find_sha1_pack(request->obj->sha1, repo->packs);
+	if (!target) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to fetch %s, will not be able to update server info refs\n", sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1));
+		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
+		release_request(request);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr,	"Fetching pack %s\n", sha1_to_hex(target->sha1));
+	fprintf(stderr, " which contains %s\n", sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1));
+
+	preq = new_http_pack_request(target, repo->url);
+	if (preq == NULL) {
+		release_http_pack_request(preq);
+		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	preq->lst = &repo->packs;
+
+	/* Make sure there isn't another open request for this pack */
+	while (check_request) {
+		if (check_request->state == RUN_FETCH_PACKED &&
+		    !strcmp(check_request->url, preq->url)) {
+			release_http_pack_request(preq);
+			release_request(request);
+			return;
+		}
+		check_request = check_request->next;
+	}
+
+	preq->slot->callback_func = process_response;
+	preq->slot->callback_data = request;
+	request->slot = preq->slot;
+	request->userData = preq;
+
+	/* Try to get the request started, abort the request on error */
+	request->state = RUN_FETCH_PACKED;
+	if (!start_active_slot(preq->slot)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start GET request\n");
+		release_http_pack_request(preq);
+		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
+		release_request(request);
+	}
+}
+
+static void start_put(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1);
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char hdr[50];
+	void *unpacked;
+	unsigned long len;
+	int hdrlen;
+	ssize_t size;
+	z_stream stream;
+
+	unpacked = read_sha1_file(request->obj->sha1, &type, &len);
+	hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
+
+	/* Set it up */
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
+	size = deflateBound(&stream, len + hdrlen);
+	strbuf_init(&request->buffer.buf, size);
+	request->buffer.posn = 0;
+
+	/* Compress it */
+	stream.next_out = (unsigned char *)request->buffer.buf.buf;
+	stream.avail_out = size;
+
+	/* First header.. */
+	stream.next_in = (void *)hdr;
+	stream.avail_in = hdrlen;
+	while (deflate(&stream, 0) == Z_OK)
+		/* nothing */;
+
+	/* Then the data itself.. */
+	stream.next_in = unpacked;
+	stream.avail_in = len;
+	while (deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
+		/* nothing */;
+	deflateEnd(&stream);
+	free(unpacked);
+
+	request->buffer.buf.len = stream.total_out;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Destination: ");
+	append_remote_object_url(&buf, repo->url, hex, 0);
+	request->dest = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	append_remote_object_url(&buf, repo->url, hex, 0);
+	strbuf_add(&buf, request->lock->tmpfile_suffix, 41);
+	request->url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->callback_func = process_response;
+	slot->callback_data = request;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, &request->buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, request->buffer.buf.len);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &request->buffer);
+#endif
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_PUT);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_PUT, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, request->url);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		request->slot = slot;
+		request->state = RUN_PUT;
+	} else {
+		request->state = ABORTED;
+		free(request->url);
+		request->url = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void start_move(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->callback_func = process_response;
+	slot->callback_data = request;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1); /* undo PUT setup */
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_MOVE);
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, request->dest);
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Overwrite: T");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, request->url);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		request->slot = slot;
+		request->state = RUN_MOVE;
+	} else {
+		request->state = ABORTED;
+		free(request->url);
+		request->url = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int refresh_lock(struct remote_lock *lock)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers;
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	lock->refreshing = 1;
+
+	dav_headers = get_dav_token_headers(lock, DAV_HEADER_IF | DAV_HEADER_TIMEOUT);
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, lock->url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_LOCK);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "LOCK HTTP error %ld\n",
+				results.http_code);
+		} else {
+			lock->start_time = time(NULL);
+			rc = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	lock->refreshing = 0;
+	curl_slist_free_all(dav_headers);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static void check_locks(void)
+{
+	struct remote_lock *lock = repo->locks;
+	time_t current_time = time(NULL);
+	int time_remaining;
+
+	while (lock) {
+		time_remaining = lock->start_time + lock->timeout -
+			current_time;
+		if (!lock->refreshing && time_remaining < LOCK_REFRESH) {
+			if (!refresh_lock(lock)) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"Unable to refresh lock for %s\n",
+					lock->url);
+				aborted = 1;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		lock = lock->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void release_request(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	struct transfer_request *entry = request_queue_head;
+
+	if (request == request_queue_head) {
+		request_queue_head = request->next;
+	} else {
+		while (entry->next != NULL && entry->next != request)
+			entry = entry->next;
+		if (entry->next == request)
+			entry->next = entry->next->next;
+	}
+
+	free(request->url);
+	free(request);
+}
+
+static void finish_request(struct transfer_request *request)
+{
+	struct http_pack_request *preq;
+	struct http_object_request *obj_req;
+
+	request->curl_result = request->slot->curl_result;
+	request->http_code = request->slot->http_code;
+	request->slot = NULL;
+
+	/* Keep locks active */
+	check_locks();
+
+	if (request->headers != NULL)
+		curl_slist_free_all(request->headers);
+
+	/* URL is reused for MOVE after PUT */
+	if (request->state != RUN_PUT) {
+		free(request->url);
+		request->url = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (request->state == RUN_MKCOL) {
+		if (request->curl_result == CURLE_OK ||
+		    request->http_code == 405) {
+			remote_dir_exists[request->obj->sha1[0]] = 1;
+			start_put(request);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "MKCOL %s failed, aborting (%d/%ld)\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1),
+				request->curl_result, request->http_code);
+			request->state = ABORTED;
+			aborted = 1;
+		}
+	} else if (request->state == RUN_PUT) {
+		if (request->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+			start_move(request);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr,	"PUT %s failed, aborting (%d/%ld)\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1),
+				request->curl_result, request->http_code);
+			request->state = ABORTED;
+			aborted = 1;
+		}
+	} else if (request->state == RUN_MOVE) {
+		if (request->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+			if (push_verbosely)
+				fprintf(stderr, "    sent %s\n",
+					sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1));
+			request->obj->flags |= REMOTE;
+			release_request(request);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "MOVE %s failed, aborting (%d/%ld)\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(request->obj->sha1),
+				request->curl_result, request->http_code);
+			request->state = ABORTED;
+			aborted = 1;
+		}
+	} else if (request->state == RUN_FETCH_LOOSE) {
+		obj_req = (struct http_object_request *)request->userData;
+
+		if (finish_http_object_request(obj_req) == 0)
+			if (obj_req->rename == 0)
+				request->obj->flags |= (LOCAL | REMOTE);
+
+		/* Try fetching packed if necessary */
+		if (request->obj->flags & LOCAL) {
+			release_http_object_request(obj_req);
+			release_request(request);
+		} else
+			start_fetch_packed(request);
+
+	} else if (request->state == RUN_FETCH_PACKED) {
+		int fail = 1;
+		if (request->curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to get pack file %s\n%s",
+				request->url, curl_errorstr);
+		} else {
+			preq = (struct http_pack_request *)request->userData;
+
+			if (preq) {
+				if (finish_http_pack_request(preq) == 0)
+					fail = 0;
+				release_http_pack_request(preq);
+			}
+		}
+		if (fail)
+			repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
+		release_request(request);
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+static int is_running_queue;
+static int fill_active_slot(void *unused)
+{
+	struct transfer_request *request;
+
+	if (aborted || !is_running_queue)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (request = request_queue_head; request; request = request->next) {
+		if (request->state == NEED_FETCH) {
+			start_fetch_loose(request);
+			return 1;
+		} else if (pushing && request->state == NEED_PUSH) {
+			if (remote_dir_exists[request->obj->sha1[0]] == 1) {
+				start_put(request);
+			} else {
+				start_mkcol(request);
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void get_remote_object_list(unsigned char parent);
+
+static void add_fetch_request(struct object *obj)
+{
+	struct transfer_request *request;
+
+	check_locks();
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't fetch the object if it's known to exist locally
+	 * or is already in the request queue
+	 */
+	if (remote_dir_exists[obj->sha1[0]] == -1)
+		get_remote_object_list(obj->sha1[0]);
+	if (obj->flags & (LOCAL | FETCHING))
+		return;
+
+	obj->flags |= FETCHING;
+	request = xmalloc(sizeof(*request));
+	request->obj = obj;
+	request->url = NULL;
+	request->lock = NULL;
+	request->headers = NULL;
+	request->state = NEED_FETCH;
+	request->next = request_queue_head;
+	request_queue_head = request;
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	fill_active_slots();
+	step_active_slots();
+#endif
+}
+
+static int add_send_request(struct object *obj, struct remote_lock *lock)
+{
+	struct transfer_request *request = request_queue_head;
+	struct packed_git *target;
+
+	/* Keep locks active */
+	check_locks();
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't push the object if it's known to exist on the remote
+	 * or is already in the request queue
+	 */
+	if (remote_dir_exists[obj->sha1[0]] == -1)
+		get_remote_object_list(obj->sha1[0]);
+	if (obj->flags & (REMOTE | PUSHING))
+		return 0;
+	target = find_sha1_pack(obj->sha1, repo->packs);
+	if (target) {
+		obj->flags |= REMOTE;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	obj->flags |= PUSHING;
+	request = xmalloc(sizeof(*request));
+	request->obj = obj;
+	request->url = NULL;
+	request->lock = lock;
+	request->headers = NULL;
+	request->state = NEED_PUSH;
+	request->next = request_queue_head;
+	request_queue_head = request;
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	fill_active_slots();
+	step_active_slots();
+#endif
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int fetch_indices(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (push_verbosely)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Getting pack list\n");
+
+	switch (http_get_info_packs(repo->url, &repo->packs)) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		ret = 0;
+		break;
+	default:
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void one_remote_object(const char *hex)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) != 0)
+		return;
+
+	obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	/* Ignore remote objects that don't exist locally */
+	if (!obj)
+		return;
+
+	obj->flags |= REMOTE;
+	if (!object_list_contains(objects, obj))
+		object_list_insert(obj, &objects);
+}
+
+static void handle_lockprop_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
+{
+	int *lock_flags = (int *)ctx->userData;
+
+	if (tag_closed) {
+		if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_CTX_LOCKENTRY)) {
+			if ((*lock_flags & DAV_PROP_LOCKEX) &&
+			    (*lock_flags & DAV_PROP_LOCKWR)) {
+				*lock_flags |= DAV_LOCK_OK;
+			}
+			*lock_flags &= DAV_LOCK_OK;
+		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_CTX_LOCKTYPE_WRITE)) {
+			*lock_flags |= DAV_PROP_LOCKWR;
+		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_CTX_LOCKTYPE_EXCLUSIVE)) {
+			*lock_flags |= DAV_PROP_LOCKEX;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_new_lock_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
+{
+	struct remote_lock *lock = (struct remote_lock *)ctx->userData;
+	git_SHA_CTX sha_ctx;
+	unsigned char lock_token_sha1[20];
+
+	if (tag_closed && ctx->cdata) {
+		if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_OWNER)) {
+			lock->owner = xmalloc(strlen(ctx->cdata) + 1);
+			strcpy(lock->owner, ctx->cdata);
+		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TIMEOUT)) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(ctx->cdata, "Second-"))
+				lock->timeout =
+					strtol(ctx->cdata + 7, NULL, 10);
+		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TOKEN)) {
+			lock->token = xmalloc(strlen(ctx->cdata) + 1);
+			strcpy(lock->token, ctx->cdata);
+
+			git_SHA1_Init(&sha_ctx);
+			git_SHA1_Update(&sha_ctx, lock->token, strlen(lock->token));
+			git_SHA1_Final(lock_token_sha1, &sha_ctx);
+
+			lock->tmpfile_suffix[0] = '_';
+			memcpy(lock->tmpfile_suffix + 1, sha1_to_hex(lock_token_sha1), 40);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void one_remote_ref(char *refname);
+
+static void
+xml_start_tag(void *userData, const char *name, const char **atts)
+{
+	struct xml_ctx *ctx = (struct xml_ctx *)userData;
+	const char *c = strchr(name, ':');
+	int new_len;
+
+	if (c == NULL)
+		c = name;
+	else
+		c++;
+
+	new_len = strlen(ctx->name) + strlen(c) + 2;
+
+	if (new_len > ctx->len) {
+		ctx->name = xrealloc(ctx->name, new_len);
+		ctx->len = new_len;
+	}
+	strcat(ctx->name, ".");
+	strcat(ctx->name, c);
+
+	free(ctx->cdata);
+	ctx->cdata = NULL;
+
+	ctx->userFunc(ctx, 0);
+}
+
+static void
+xml_end_tag(void *userData, const char *name)
+{
+	struct xml_ctx *ctx = (struct xml_ctx *)userData;
+	const char *c = strchr(name, ':');
+	char *ep;
+
+	ctx->userFunc(ctx, 1);
+
+	if (c == NULL)
+		c = name;
+	else
+		c++;
+
+	ep = ctx->name + strlen(ctx->name) - strlen(c) - 1;
+	*ep = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+xml_cdata(void *userData, const XML_Char *s, int len)
+{
+	struct xml_ctx *ctx = (struct xml_ctx *)userData;
+	free(ctx->cdata);
+	ctx->cdata = xmemdupz(s, len);
+}
+
+static struct remote_lock *lock_remote(const char *path, long timeout)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *url;
+	char *ep;
+	char timeout_header[25];
+	struct remote_lock *lock = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct xml_ctx ctx;
+	char *escaped;
+
+	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
+
+	/* Make sure leading directories exist for the remote ref */
+	ep = strchr(url + strlen(repo->url) + 1, '/');
+	while (ep) {
+		char saved_character = ep[1];
+		ep[1] = '\0';
+		slot = get_active_slot();
+		slot->results = &results;
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_MKCOL);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+		if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+			run_active_slot(slot);
+			if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK &&
+			    results.http_code != 405) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"Unable to create branch path %s\n",
+					url);
+				free(url);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start MKCOL request\n");
+			free(url);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		ep[1] = saved_character;
+		ep = strchr(ep + 1, '/');
+	}
+
+	escaped = xml_entities(git_default_email);
+	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, LOCK_REQUEST, escaped);
+	free(escaped);
+
+	sprintf(timeout_header, "Timeout: Second-%ld", timeout);
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, timeout_header);
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Content-Type: text/xml");
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, &out_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, out_buffer.buf.len);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &out_buffer);
+#endif
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &in_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_LOCK);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*lock));
+	lock->timeout = -1;
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+			XML_Parser parser = XML_ParserCreate(NULL);
+			enum XML_Status result;
+			ctx.name = xcalloc(10, 1);
+			ctx.len = 0;
+			ctx.cdata = NULL;
+			ctx.userFunc = handle_new_lock_ctx;
+			ctx.userData = lock;
+			XML_SetUserData(parser, &ctx);
+			XML_SetElementHandler(parser, xml_start_tag,
+					      xml_end_tag);
+			XML_SetCharacterDataHandler(parser, xml_cdata);
+			result = XML_Parse(parser, in_buffer.buf,
+					   in_buffer.len, 1);
+			free(ctx.name);
+			if (result != XML_STATUS_OK) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "XML error: %s\n",
+					XML_ErrorString(
+						XML_GetErrorCode(parser)));
+				lock->timeout = -1;
+			}
+			XML_ParserFree(parser);
+		}
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start LOCK request\n");
+	}
+
+	curl_slist_free_all(dav_headers);
+	strbuf_release(&out_buffer.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&in_buffer);
+
+	if (lock->token == NULL || lock->timeout <= 0) {
+		free(lock->token);
+		free(lock->owner);
+		free(url);
+		free(lock);
+		lock = NULL;
+	} else {
+		lock->url = url;
+		lock->start_time = time(NULL);
+		lock->next = repo->locks;
+		repo->locks = lock;
+	}
+
+	return lock;
+}
+
+static int unlock_remote(struct remote_lock *lock)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct remote_lock *prev = repo->locks;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers;
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	dav_headers = get_dav_token_headers(lock, DAV_HEADER_LOCK);
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, lock->url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_UNLOCK);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK)
+			rc = 1;
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr, "UNLOCK HTTP error %ld\n",
+				results.http_code);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start UNLOCK request\n");
+	}
+
+	curl_slist_free_all(dav_headers);
+
+	if (repo->locks == lock) {
+		repo->locks = lock->next;
+	} else {
+		while (prev && prev->next != lock)
+			prev = prev->next;
+		if (prev)
+			prev->next = prev->next->next;
+	}
+
+	free(lock->owner);
+	free(lock->url);
+	free(lock->token);
+	free(lock);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static void remove_locks(void)
+{
+	struct remote_lock *lock = repo->locks;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Removing remote locks...\n");
+	while (lock) {
+		struct remote_lock *next = lock->next;
+		unlock_remote(lock);
+		lock = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_locks_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_locks();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
+		      void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls),
+		      void *userData);
+
+static void process_ls_object(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
+{
+	unsigned int *parent = (unsigned int *)ls->userData;
+	char *path = ls->dentry_name;
+	char *obj_hex;
+
+	if (!strcmp(ls->path, ls->dentry_name) && (ls->flags & IS_DIR)) {
+		remote_dir_exists[*parent] = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (strlen(path) != 49)
+		return;
+	path += 8;
+	obj_hex = xmalloc(strlen(path));
+	/* NB: path is not null-terminated, can not use strlcpy here */
+	memcpy(obj_hex, path, 2);
+	strcpy(obj_hex + 2, path + 3);
+	one_remote_object(obj_hex);
+	free(obj_hex);
+}
+
+static void process_ls_ref(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(ls->path, ls->dentry_name) && (ls->dentry_flags & IS_DIR)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", ls->dentry_name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!(ls->dentry_flags & IS_DIR))
+		one_remote_ref(ls->dentry_name);
+}
+
+static void handle_remote_ls_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
+{
+	struct remote_ls_ctx *ls = (struct remote_ls_ctx *)ctx->userData;
+
+	if (tag_closed) {
+		if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_PROPFIND_RESP) && ls->dentry_name) {
+			if (ls->dentry_flags & IS_DIR) {
+				if (ls->flags & PROCESS_DIRS) {
+					ls->userFunc(ls);
+				}
+				if (strcmp(ls->dentry_name, ls->path) &&
+				    ls->flags & RECURSIVE) {
+					remote_ls(ls->dentry_name,
+						  ls->flags,
+						  ls->userFunc,
+						  ls->userData);
+				}
+			} else if (ls->flags & PROCESS_FILES) {
+				ls->userFunc(ls);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_PROPFIND_NAME) && ctx->cdata) {
+			char *path = ctx->cdata;
+			if (*ctx->cdata == 'h') {
+				path = strstr(path, "//");
+				if (path) {
+					path = strchr(path+2, '/');
+				}
+			}
+			if (path) {
+				path += repo->path_len;
+				ls->dentry_name = xstrdup(path);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_PROPFIND_COLLECTION)) {
+			ls->dentry_flags |= IS_DIR;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_PROPFIND_RESP)) {
+		free(ls->dentry_name);
+		ls->dentry_name = NULL;
+		ls->dentry_flags = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: remote_ls() ignores info/refs on the remote side.  But it
+ * should _only_ heed the information from that file, instead of trying to
+ * determine the refs from the remote file system (badly: it does not even
+ * know about packed-refs).
+ */
+static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
+		      void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls),
+		      void *userData)
+{
+	char *url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct xml_ctx ctx;
+	struct remote_ls_ctx ls;
+
+	ls.flags = flags;
+	ls.path = xstrdup(path);
+	ls.dentry_name = NULL;
+	ls.dentry_flags = 0;
+	ls.userData = userData;
+	ls.userFunc = userFunc;
+
+	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, PROPFIND_ALL_REQUEST);
+
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Depth: 1");
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Content-Type: text/xml");
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, &out_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, out_buffer.buf.len);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &out_buffer);
+#endif
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &in_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_PROPFIND);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+			XML_Parser parser = XML_ParserCreate(NULL);
+			enum XML_Status result;
+			ctx.name = xcalloc(10, 1);
+			ctx.len = 0;
+			ctx.cdata = NULL;
+			ctx.userFunc = handle_remote_ls_ctx;
+			ctx.userData = &ls;
+			XML_SetUserData(parser, &ctx);
+			XML_SetElementHandler(parser, xml_start_tag,
+					      xml_end_tag);
+			XML_SetCharacterDataHandler(parser, xml_cdata);
+			result = XML_Parse(parser, in_buffer.buf,
+					   in_buffer.len, 1);
+			free(ctx.name);
+
+			if (result != XML_STATUS_OK) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "XML error: %s\n",
+					XML_ErrorString(
+						XML_GetErrorCode(parser)));
+			}
+			XML_ParserFree(parser);
+		}
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start PROPFIND request\n");
+	}
+
+	free(ls.path);
+	free(url);
+	strbuf_release(&out_buffer.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&in_buffer);
+	curl_slist_free_all(dav_headers);
+}
+
+static void get_remote_object_list(unsigned char parent)
+{
+	char path[] = "objects/XX/";
+	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+	unsigned int val = parent;
+
+	path[8] = hex[val >> 4];
+	path[9] = hex[val & 0xf];
+	remote_dir_exists[val] = 0;
+	remote_ls(path, (PROCESS_FILES | PROCESS_DIRS),
+		  process_ls_object, &val);
+}
+
+static int locking_available(void)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct xml_ctx ctx;
+	int lock_flags = 0;
+	char *escaped;
+
+	escaped = xml_entities(repo->url);
+	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, PROPFIND_SUPPORTEDLOCK_REQUEST, escaped);
+	free(escaped);
+
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Depth: 0");
+	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Content-Type: text/xml");
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, &out_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, out_buffer.buf.len);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &out_buffer);
+#endif
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &in_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, repo->url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_PROPFIND);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+			XML_Parser parser = XML_ParserCreate(NULL);
+			enum XML_Status result;
+			ctx.name = xcalloc(10, 1);
+			ctx.len = 0;
+			ctx.cdata = NULL;
+			ctx.userFunc = handle_lockprop_ctx;
+			ctx.userData = &lock_flags;
+			XML_SetUserData(parser, &ctx);
+			XML_SetElementHandler(parser, xml_start_tag,
+					      xml_end_tag);
+			result = XML_Parse(parser, in_buffer.buf,
+					   in_buffer.len, 1);
+			free(ctx.name);
+
+			if (result != XML_STATUS_OK) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "XML error: %s\n",
+					XML_ErrorString(
+						XML_GetErrorCode(parser)));
+				lock_flags = 0;
+			}
+			XML_ParserFree(parser);
+			if (!lock_flags)
+				error("no DAV locking support on %s",
+				      repo->url);
+
+		} else {
+			error("Cannot access URL %s, return code %d",
+			      repo->url, results.curl_result);
+			lock_flags = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		error("Unable to start PROPFIND request on %s", repo->url);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&out_buffer.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&in_buffer);
+	curl_slist_free_all(dav_headers);
+
+	return lock_flags;
+}
+
+static struct object_list **add_one_object(struct object *obj, struct object_list **p)
+{
+	struct object_list *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(struct object_list));
+	entry->item = obj;
+	entry->next = *p;
+	*p = entry;
+	return &entry->next;
+}
+
+static struct object_list **process_blob(struct blob *blob,
+					 struct object_list **p,
+					 struct name_path *path,
+					 const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
+
+	obj->flags |= LOCAL;
+
+	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
+		return p;
+
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	return add_one_object(obj, p);
+}
+
+static struct object_list **process_tree(struct tree *tree,
+					 struct object_list **p,
+					 struct name_path *path,
+					 const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	struct name_path me;
+
+	obj->flags |= LOCAL;
+
+	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
+		return p;
+	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
+		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	name = xstrdup(name);
+	p = add_one_object(obj, p);
+	me.up = path;
+	me.elem = name;
+	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry))
+		switch (object_type(entry.mode)) {
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+			p = process_tree(lookup_tree(entry.sha1), p, &me, name);
+			break;
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			p = process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, name);
+			break;
+		default:
+			/* Subproject commit - not in this repository */
+			break;
+		}
+
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static int get_delta(struct rev_info *revs, struct remote_lock *lock)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct object_list **p = &objects;
+	int count = 0;
+
+	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL) {
+		p = process_tree(commit->tree, p, NULL, "");
+		commit->object.flags |= LOCAL;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			count += add_send_request(&commit->object, lock);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *entry = revs->pending.objects + i;
+		struct object *obj = entry->item;
+		const char *name = entry->name;
+
+		if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
+			continue;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			obj->flags |= SEEN;
+			p = add_one_object(obj, p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+			p = process_tree((struct tree *)obj, p, NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			p = process_blob((struct blob *)obj, p, NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	}
+
+	while (objects) {
+		if (!(objects->item->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			count += add_send_request(objects->item, lock);
+		objects = objects->next;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int update_remote(unsigned char *sha1, struct remote_lock *lock)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers;
+
+	dav_headers = get_dav_token_headers(lock, DAV_HEADER_IF);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, &out_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, out_buffer.buf.len);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &out_buffer);
+#endif
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_PUT);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_PUT, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, lock->url);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		strbuf_release(&out_buffer.buf);
+		if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"PUT error: curl result=%d, HTTP code=%ld\n",
+				results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+			/* We should attempt recovery? */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		strbuf_release(&out_buffer.buf);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to start PUT request\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct ref *remote_refs;
+
+static void one_remote_ref(char *refname)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	ref = alloc_ref(refname);
+
+	if (http_fetch_ref(repo->url, ref) != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"Unable to fetch ref %s from %s\n",
+			refname, repo->url);
+		free(ref);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Fetch a copy of the object if it doesn't exist locally - it
+	 * may be required for updating server info later.
+	 */
+	if (repo->can_update_info_refs && !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)) {
+		obj = lookup_unknown_object(ref->old_sha1);
+		if (obj) {
+			fprintf(stderr,	"  fetch %s for %s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), refname);
+			add_fetch_request(obj);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ref->next = remote_refs;
+	remote_refs = ref;
+}
+
+static void get_dav_remote_heads(void)
+{
+	remote_ls("refs/", (PROCESS_FILES | PROCESS_DIRS | RECURSIVE), process_ls_ref, NULL);
+}
+
+static void add_remote_info_ref(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = (struct strbuf *)ls->userData;
+	struct object *o;
+	int len;
+	char *ref_info;
+	struct ref *ref;
+
+	ref = alloc_ref(ls->dentry_name);
+
+	if (http_fetch_ref(repo->url, ref) != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"Unable to fetch ref %s from %s\n",
+			ls->dentry_name, repo->url);
+		aborted = 1;
+		free(ref);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
+	if (!o) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"Unable to parse object %s for remote ref %s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ls->dentry_name);
+		aborted = 1;
+		free(ref);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	len = strlen(ls->dentry_name) + 42;
+	ref_info = xcalloc(len + 1, 1);
+	sprintf(ref_info, "%s	%s\n",
+		sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ls->dentry_name);
+	fwrite_buffer(ref_info, 1, len, buf);
+	free(ref_info);
+
+	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, ls->dentry_name, 0);
+		if (o) {
+			len = strlen(ls->dentry_name) + 45;
+			ref_info = xcalloc(len + 1, 1);
+			sprintf(ref_info, "%s	%s^{}\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), ls->dentry_name);
+			fwrite_buffer(ref_info, 1, len, buf);
+			free(ref_info);
+		}
+	}
+	free(ref);
+}
+
+static void update_remote_info_refs(struct remote_lock *lock)
+{
+	struct buffer buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers;
+
+	remote_ls("refs/", (PROCESS_FILES | RECURSIVE),
+		  add_remote_info_ref, &buffer.buf);
+	if (!aborted) {
+		dav_headers = get_dav_token_headers(lock, DAV_HEADER_IF);
+
+		slot = get_active_slot();
+		slot->results = &results;
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, &buffer);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, buffer.buf.len);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &buffer);
+#endif
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_PUT);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, dav_headers);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_PUT, 1);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, lock->url);
+
+		if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+			run_active_slot(slot);
+			if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"PUT error: curl result=%d, HTTP code=%ld\n",
+					results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buffer.buf);
+}
+
+static int remote_exists(const char *path)
+{
+	char *url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	int ret;
+
+	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
+
+	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, 0)) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+		ret = 1;
+		break;
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		ret = 0;
+		break;
+	case HTTP_ERROR:
+		http_error(url, HTTP_ERROR);
+	default:
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+	free(url);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char *url;
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
+
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+		die("Couldn't get %s for remote symref\n%s", url,
+		    curl_errorstr);
+	free(url);
+
+	free(*symref);
+	*symref = NULL;
+	hashclr(sha1);
+
+	if (buffer.len == 0)
+		return;
+
+	/* If it's a symref, set the refname; otherwise try for a sha1 */
+	if (!prefixcmp((char *)buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
+		*symref = xmemdupz((char *)buffer.buf + 5, buffer.len - 6);
+	} else {
+		get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, sha1);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+}
+
+static int verify_merge_base(unsigned char *head_sha1, unsigned char *branch_sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *head = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
+	struct commit *branch = lookup_commit(branch_sha1);
+	struct commit_list *merge_bases = get_merge_bases(head, branch, 1);
+
+	return (merge_bases && !merge_bases->next && merge_bases->item == branch);
+}
+
+static int delete_remote_branch(char *pattern, int force)
+{
+	struct ref *refs = remote_refs;
+	struct ref *remote_ref = NULL;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	char *symref = NULL;
+	int match;
+	int patlen = strlen(pattern);
+	int i;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	char *url;
+
+	/* Find the remote branch(es) matching the specified branch name */
+	for (match = 0; refs; refs = refs->next) {
+		char *name = refs->name;
+		int namelen = strlen(name);
+		if (namelen < patlen ||
+		    memcmp(name + namelen - patlen, pattern, patlen))
+			continue;
+		if (namelen != patlen && name[namelen - patlen - 1] != '/')
+			continue;
+		match++;
+		remote_ref = refs;
+	}
+	if (match == 0)
+		return error("No remote branch matches %s", pattern);
+	if (match != 1)
+		return error("More than one remote branch matches %s",
+			     pattern);
+
+	/*
+	 * Remote HEAD must be a symref (not exactly foolproof; a remote
+	 * symlink to a symref will look like a symref)
+	 */
+	fetch_symref("HEAD", &symref, head_sha1);
+	if (!symref)
+		return error("Remote HEAD is not a symref");
+
+	/* Remote branch must not be the remote HEAD */
+	for (i=0; symref && i<MAXDEPTH; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(remote_ref->name, symref))
+			return error("Remote branch %s is the current HEAD",
+				     remote_ref->name);
+		fetch_symref(symref, &symref, head_sha1);
+	}
+
+	/* Run extra sanity checks if delete is not forced */
+	if (!force) {
+		/* Remote HEAD must resolve to a known object */
+		if (symref)
+			return error("Remote HEAD symrefs too deep");
+		if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
+			return error("Unable to resolve remote HEAD");
+		if (!has_sha1_file(head_sha1))
+			return error("Remote HEAD resolves to object %s\nwhich does not exist locally, perhaps you need to fetch?", sha1_to_hex(head_sha1));
+
+		/* Remote branch must resolve to a known object */
+		if (is_null_sha1(remote_ref->old_sha1))
+			return error("Unable to resolve remote branch %s",
+				     remote_ref->name);
+		if (!has_sha1_file(remote_ref->old_sha1))
+			return error("Remote branch %s resolves to object %s\nwhich does not exist locally, perhaps you need to fetch?", remote_ref->name, sha1_to_hex(remote_ref->old_sha1));
+
+		/* Remote branch must be an ancestor of remote HEAD */
+		if (!verify_merge_base(head_sha1, remote_ref->old_sha1)) {
+			return error("The branch '%s' is not an ancestor "
+				     "of your current HEAD.\n"
+				     "If you are sure you want to delete it,"
+				     " run:\n\t'git http-push -D %s %s'",
+				     remote_ref->name, repo->url, pattern);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Send delete request */
+	fprintf(stderr, "Removing remote branch '%s'\n", remote_ref->name);
+	if (dry_run)
+		return 0;
+	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(remote_ref->name) + 1);
+	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, remote_ref->name);
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_null);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, DAV_DELETE);
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		free(url);
+		if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK)
+			return error("DELETE request failed (%d/%ld)\n",
+				     results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+	} else {
+		free(url);
+		return error("Unable to start DELETE request");
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void run_request_queue(void)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	is_running_queue = 1;
+	fill_active_slots();
+	add_fill_function(NULL, fill_active_slot);
+#endif
+	do {
+		finish_all_active_slots();
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+		fill_active_slots();
+#endif
+	} while (request_queue_head && !aborted);
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	is_running_queue = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct transfer_request *request;
+	struct transfer_request *next_request;
+	int nr_refspec = 0;
+	char **refspec = NULL;
+	struct remote_lock *ref_lock = NULL;
+	struct remote_lock *info_ref_lock = NULL;
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	int delete_branch = 0;
+	int force_delete = 0;
+	int objects_to_send;
+	int rc = 0;
+	int i;
+	int new_refs;
+	struct ref *ref, *local_refs;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	char *rewritten_url = NULL;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+
+	repo = xcalloc(sizeof(*repo), 1);
+
+	argv++;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
+		char *arg = *argv;
+
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
+				push_all = MATCH_REFS_ALL;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--force")) {
+				force_all = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run")) {
+				dry_run = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--helper-status")) {
+				helper_status = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose")) {
+				push_verbosely = 1;
+				http_is_verbose = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-d")) {
+				delete_branch = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-D")) {
+				delete_branch = 1;
+				force_delete = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "-h"))
+				usage(http_push_usage);
+		}
+		if (!repo->url) {
+			char *path = strstr(arg, "//");
+			repo->url = arg;
+			repo->path_len = strlen(arg);
+			if (path) {
+				repo->path = strchr(path+2, '/');
+				if (repo->path)
+					repo->path_len = strlen(repo->path);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		refspec = argv;
+		nr_refspec = argc - i;
+		break;
+	}
+
+#ifndef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	die("git-push is not available for http/https repository when not compiled with USE_CURL_MULTI");
+#endif
+
+	if (!repo->url)
+		usage(http_push_usage);
+
+	if (delete_branch && nr_refspec != 1)
+		die("You must specify only one branch name when deleting a remote branch");
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+
+	memset(remote_dir_exists, -1, 256);
+
+	/*
+	 * Create a minimum remote by hand to give to http_init(),
+	 * primarily to allow it to look at the URL.
+	 */
+	remote = xcalloc(sizeof(*remote), 1);
+	ALLOC_GROW(remote->url, remote->url_nr + 1, remote->url_alloc);
+	remote->url[remote->url_nr++] = repo->url;
+	http_init(remote);
+
+	if (repo->url && repo->url[strlen(repo->url)-1] != '/') {
+		rewritten_url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url)+2);
+		strcpy(rewritten_url, repo->url);
+		strcat(rewritten_url, "/");
+		repo->path = rewritten_url + (repo->path - repo->url);
+		repo->path_len++;
+		repo->url = rewritten_url;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	is_running_queue = 0;
+#endif
+
+	/* Verify DAV compliance/lock support */
+	if (!locking_available()) {
+		rc = 1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_locks_on_signal);
+
+	/* Check whether the remote has server info files */
+	repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
+	repo->has_info_refs = remote_exists("info/refs");
+	repo->has_info_packs = remote_exists("objects/info/packs");
+	if (repo->has_info_refs) {
+		info_ref_lock = lock_remote("info/refs", LOCK_TIME);
+		if (info_ref_lock)
+			repo->can_update_info_refs = 1;
+		else {
+			error("cannot lock existing info/refs");
+			rc = 1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+	if (repo->has_info_packs)
+		fetch_indices();
+
+	/* Get a list of all local and remote heads to validate refspecs */
+	local_refs = get_local_heads();
+	fprintf(stderr, "Fetching remote heads...\n");
+	get_dav_remote_heads();
+	run_request_queue();
+
+	/* Remove a remote branch if -d or -D was specified */
+	if (delete_branch) {
+		if (delete_remote_branch(refspec[0], force_delete) == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to delete remote branch %s\n",
+				refspec[0]);
+			if (helper_status)
+				printf("error %s cannot remove\n", refspec[0]);
+		}
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/* match them up */
+	if (match_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
+		       nr_refspec, (const char **) refspec, push_all)) {
+		rc = -1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n");
+		if (helper_status)
+			printf("error null no match\n");
+		rc = 0;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	new_refs = 0;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		char old_hex[60], *new_hex;
+		const char *commit_argv[5];
+		int commit_argc;
+		char *new_sha1_hex, *old_sha1_hex;
+
+		if (!ref->peer_ref)
+			continue;
+
+		if (is_null_sha1(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1)) {
+			if (delete_remote_branch(ref->name, 1) == -1) {
+				error("Could not remove %s", ref->name);
+				if (helper_status)
+					printf("error %s cannot remove\n", ref->name);
+				rc = -4;
+			}
+			else if (helper_status)
+				printf("ok %s\n", ref->name);
+			new_refs++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1)) {
+			if (push_verbosely || 1)
+				fprintf(stderr, "'%s': up-to-date\n", ref->name);
+			if (helper_status)
+				printf("ok %s up to date\n", ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!force_all &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
+		    !ref->force) {
+			if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) ||
+			    !ref_newer(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1,
+				       ref->old_sha1)) {
+				/*
+				 * We do not have the remote ref, or
+				 * we know that the remote ref is not
+				 * an ancestor of what we are trying to
+				 * push.  Either way this can be losing
+				 * commits at the remote end and likely
+				 * we were not up to date to begin with.
+				 */
+				error("remote '%s' is not an ancestor of\n"
+				      "local '%s'.\n"
+				      "Maybe you are not up-to-date and "
+				      "need to pull first?",
+				      ref->name,
+				      ref->peer_ref->name);
+				if (helper_status)
+					printf("error %s non-fast forward\n", ref->name);
+				rc = -2;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		new_refs++;
+		strcpy(old_hex, sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1));
+		new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "updating '%s'", ref->name);
+		if (strcmp(ref->name, ref->peer_ref->name))
+			fprintf(stderr, " using '%s'", ref->peer_ref->name);
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n  from %s\n  to   %s\n", old_hex, new_hex);
+		if (dry_run) {
+			if (helper_status)
+				printf("ok %s\n", ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Lock remote branch ref */
+		ref_lock = lock_remote(ref->name, LOCK_TIME);
+		if (ref_lock == NULL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to lock remote branch %s\n",
+				ref->name);
+			if (helper_status)
+				printf("error %s lock error\n", ref->name);
+			rc = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Set up revision info for this refspec */
+		commit_argc = 3;
+		new_sha1_hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1));
+		old_sha1_hex = NULL;
+		commit_argv[1] = "--objects";
+		commit_argv[2] = new_sha1_hex;
+		if (!push_all && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+			old_sha1_hex = xmalloc(42);
+			sprintf(old_sha1_hex, "^%s",
+				sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1));
+			commit_argv[3] = old_sha1_hex;
+			commit_argc++;
+		}
+		commit_argv[commit_argc] = NULL;
+		init_revisions(&revs, setup_git_directory());
+		setup_revisions(commit_argc, commit_argv, &revs, NULL);
+		revs.edge_hint = 0; /* just in case */
+		free(new_sha1_hex);
+		if (old_sha1_hex) {
+			free(old_sha1_hex);
+			commit_argv[1] = NULL;
+		}
+
+		/* Generate a list of objects that need to be pushed */
+		pushing = 0;
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, NULL);
+		objects_to_send = get_delta(&revs, ref_lock);
+		finish_all_active_slots();
+
+		/* Push missing objects to remote, this would be a
+		   convenient time to pack them first if appropriate. */
+		pushing = 1;
+		if (objects_to_send)
+			fprintf(stderr, "    sending %d objects\n",
+				objects_to_send);
+
+		run_request_queue();
+
+		/* Update the remote branch if all went well */
+		if (aborted || !update_remote(ref->new_sha1, ref_lock))
+			rc = 1;
+
+		if (!rc)
+			fprintf(stderr, "    done\n");
+		if (helper_status)
+			printf("%s %s\n", !rc ? "ok" : "error", ref->name);
+		unlock_remote(ref_lock);
+		check_locks();
+	}
+
+	/* Update remote server info if appropriate */
+	if (repo->has_info_refs && new_refs) {
+		if (info_ref_lock && repo->can_update_info_refs) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Updating remote server info\n");
+			if (!dry_run)
+				update_remote_info_refs(info_ref_lock);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to update server info\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+ cleanup:
+	free(rewritten_url);
+	if (info_ref_lock)
+		unlock_remote(info_ref_lock);
+	free(repo);
+
+	http_cleanup();
+
+	request = request_queue_head;
+	while (request != NULL) {
+		next_request = request->next;
+		release_request(request);
+		request = next_request;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
diff --git a/http-walker.c b/http-walker.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..700bc13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http-walker.c
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "walker.h"
+#include "http.h"
+
+struct alt_base
+{
+	char *base;
+	int got_indices;
+	struct packed_git *packs;
+	struct alt_base *next;
+};
+
+enum object_request_state {
+	WAITING,
+	ABORTED,
+	ACTIVE,
+	COMPLETE,
+};
+
+struct object_request
+{
+	struct walker *walker;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct alt_base *repo;
+	enum object_request_state state;
+	struct http_object_request *req;
+	struct object_request *next;
+};
+
+struct alternates_request {
+	struct walker *walker;
+	const char *base;
+	char *url;
+	struct strbuf *buffer;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	int http_specific;
+};
+
+struct walker_data {
+	const char *url;
+	int got_alternates;
+	struct alt_base *alt;
+};
+
+static struct object_request *object_queue_head;
+
+static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base);
+
+static void process_object_response(void *callback_data);
+
+static void start_object_request(struct walker *walker,
+				 struct object_request *obj_req)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct http_object_request *req;
+
+	req = new_http_object_request(obj_req->repo->base, obj_req->sha1);
+	if (req == NULL) {
+		obj_req->state = ABORTED;
+		return;
+	}
+	obj_req->req = req;
+
+	slot = req->slot;
+	slot->callback_func = process_object_response;
+	slot->callback_data = obj_req;
+
+	/* Try to get the request started, abort the request on error */
+	obj_req->state = ACTIVE;
+	if (!start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		obj_req->state = ABORTED;
+		release_http_object_request(req);
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+static void finish_object_request(struct object_request *obj_req)
+{
+	if (finish_http_object_request(obj_req->req))
+		return;
+
+	if (obj_req->req->rename == 0)
+		walker_say(obj_req->walker, "got %s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj_req->sha1));
+}
+
+static void process_object_response(void *callback_data)
+{
+	struct object_request *obj_req =
+		(struct object_request *)callback_data;
+	struct walker *walker = obj_req->walker;
+	struct walker_data *data = walker->data;
+	struct alt_base *alt = data->alt;
+
+	process_http_object_request(obj_req->req);
+	obj_req->state = COMPLETE;
+
+	/* Use alternates if necessary */
+	if (missing_target(obj_req->req)) {
+		fetch_alternates(walker, alt->base);
+		if (obj_req->repo->next != NULL) {
+			obj_req->repo =
+				obj_req->repo->next;
+			release_http_object_request(obj_req->req);
+			start_object_request(walker, obj_req);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	finish_object_request(obj_req);
+}
+
+static void release_object_request(struct object_request *obj_req)
+{
+	struct object_request *entry = object_queue_head;
+
+	if (obj_req->req !=NULL && obj_req->req->localfile != -1)
+		error("fd leakage in release: %d", obj_req->req->localfile);
+	if (obj_req == object_queue_head) {
+		object_queue_head = obj_req->next;
+	} else {
+		while (entry->next != NULL && entry->next != obj_req)
+			entry = entry->next;
+		if (entry->next == obj_req)
+			entry->next = entry->next->next;
+	}
+
+	free(obj_req);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+static int fill_active_slot(struct walker *walker)
+{
+	struct object_request *obj_req;
+
+	for (obj_req = object_queue_head; obj_req; obj_req = obj_req->next) {
+		if (obj_req->state == WAITING) {
+			if (has_sha1_file(obj_req->sha1))
+				obj_req->state = COMPLETE;
+			else {
+				start_object_request(walker, obj_req);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void prefetch(struct walker *walker, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_request *newreq;
+	struct object_request *tail;
+	struct walker_data *data = walker->data;
+
+	newreq = xmalloc(sizeof(*newreq));
+	newreq->walker = walker;
+	hashcpy(newreq->sha1, sha1);
+	newreq->repo = data->alt;
+	newreq->state = WAITING;
+	newreq->req = NULL;
+	newreq->next = NULL;
+
+	http_is_verbose = walker->get_verbosely;
+
+	if (object_queue_head == NULL) {
+		object_queue_head = newreq;
+	} else {
+		tail = object_queue_head;
+		while (tail->next != NULL)
+			tail = tail->next;
+		tail->next = newreq;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	fill_active_slots();
+	step_active_slots();
+#endif
+}
+
+static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
+{
+	struct alternates_request *alt_req =
+		(struct alternates_request *)callback_data;
+	struct walker *walker = alt_req->walker;
+	struct walker_data *cdata = walker->data;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot = alt_req->slot;
+	struct alt_base *tail = cdata->alt;
+	const char *base = alt_req->base;
+	static const char null_byte = '\0';
+	char *data;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	if (alt_req->http_specific) {
+		if (slot->curl_result != CURLE_OK ||
+		    !alt_req->buffer->len) {
+
+			/* Try reusing the slot to get non-http alternates */
+			alt_req->http_specific = 0;
+			sprintf(alt_req->url, "%s/objects/info/alternates",
+				base);
+			curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL,
+					 alt_req->url);
+			active_requests++;
+			slot->in_use = 1;
+			if (slot->finished != NULL)
+				(*slot->finished) = 0;
+			if (!start_active_slot(slot)) {
+				cdata->got_alternates = -1;
+				slot->in_use = 0;
+				if (slot->finished != NULL)
+					(*slot->finished) = 1;
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+	} else if (slot->curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+		if (!missing_target(slot)) {
+			cdata->got_alternates = -1;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	fwrite_buffer(&null_byte, 1, 1, alt_req->buffer);
+	alt_req->buffer->len--;
+	data = alt_req->buffer->buf;
+
+	while (i < alt_req->buffer->len) {
+		int posn = i;
+		while (posn < alt_req->buffer->len && data[posn] != '\n')
+			posn++;
+		if (data[posn] == '\n') {
+			int okay = 0;
+			int serverlen = 0;
+			struct alt_base *newalt;
+			char *target = NULL;
+			if (data[i] == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * This counts
+				 * http://git.host/pub/scm/linux.git/
+				 * -----------here^
+				 * so memcpy(dst, base, serverlen) will
+				 * copy up to "...git.host".
+				 */
+				const char *colon_ss = strstr(base,"://");
+				if (colon_ss) {
+					serverlen = (strchr(colon_ss + 3, '/')
+						     - base);
+					okay = 1;
+				}
+			} else if (!memcmp(data + i, "../", 3)) {
+				/*
+				 * Relative URL; chop the corresponding
+				 * number of subpath from base (and ../
+				 * from data), and concatenate the result.
+				 *
+				 * The code first drops ../ from data, and
+				 * then drops one ../ from data and one path
+				 * from base.  IOW, one extra ../ is dropped
+				 * from data than path is dropped from base.
+				 *
+				 * This is not wrong.  The alternate in
+				 *     http://git.host/pub/scm/linux.git/
+				 * to borrow from
+				 *     http://git.host/pub/scm/linus.git/
+				 * is ../../linus.git/objects/.  You need
+				 * two ../../ to borrow from your direct
+				 * neighbour.
+				 */
+				i += 3;
+				serverlen = strlen(base);
+				while (i + 2 < posn &&
+				       !memcmp(data + i, "../", 3)) {
+					do {
+						serverlen--;
+					} while (serverlen &&
+						 base[serverlen - 1] != '/');
+					i += 3;
+				}
+				/* If the server got removed, give up. */
+				okay = strchr(base, ':') - base + 3 <
+				       serverlen;
+			} else if (alt_req->http_specific) {
+				char *colon = strchr(data + i, ':');
+				char *slash = strchr(data + i, '/');
+				if (colon && slash && colon < data + posn &&
+				    slash < data + posn && colon < slash) {
+					okay = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			/* skip "objects\n" at end */
+			if (okay) {
+				target = xmalloc(serverlen + posn - i - 6);
+				memcpy(target, base, serverlen);
+				memcpy(target + serverlen, data + i,
+				       posn - i - 7);
+				target[serverlen + posn - i - 7] = 0;
+				if (walker->get_verbosely)
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						"Also look at %s\n", target);
+				newalt = xmalloc(sizeof(*newalt));
+				newalt->next = NULL;
+				newalt->base = target;
+				newalt->got_indices = 0;
+				newalt->packs = NULL;
+
+				while (tail->next != NULL)
+					tail = tail->next;
+				tail->next = newalt;
+			}
+		}
+		i = posn + 1;
+	}
+
+	cdata->got_alternates = 1;
+}
+
+static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base)
+{
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *url;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct alternates_request alt_req;
+	struct walker_data *cdata = walker->data;
+
+	/*
+	 * If another request has already started fetching alternates,
+	 * wait for them to arrive and return to processing this request's
+	 * curl message
+	 */
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	while (cdata->got_alternates == 0) {
+		step_active_slots();
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* Nothing to do if they've already been fetched */
+	if (cdata->got_alternates == 1)
+		return;
+
+	/* Start the fetch */
+	cdata->got_alternates = 0;
+
+	if (walker->get_verbosely)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Getting alternates list for %s\n", base);
+
+	url = xmalloc(strlen(base) + 31);
+	sprintf(url, "%s/objects/info/http-alternates", base);
+
+	/*
+	 * Use a callback to process the result, since another request
+	 * may fail and need to have alternates loaded before continuing
+	 */
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->callback_func = process_alternates_response;
+	alt_req.walker = walker;
+	slot->callback_data = &alt_req;
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+
+	alt_req.base = base;
+	alt_req.url = url;
+	alt_req.buffer = &buffer;
+	alt_req.http_specific = 1;
+	alt_req.slot = slot;
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot))
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+	else
+		cdata->got_alternates = -1;
+
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	free(url);
+}
+
+static int fetch_indices(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (repo->got_indices)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (walker->get_verbosely)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Getting pack list for %s\n", repo->base);
+
+	switch (http_get_info_packs(repo->base, &repo->packs)) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		repo->got_indices = 1;
+		ret = 0;
+		break;
+	default:
+		repo->got_indices = 0;
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct packed_git *target;
+	int ret;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct http_pack_request *preq;
+
+	if (fetch_indices(walker, repo))
+		return -1;
+	target = find_sha1_pack(sha1, repo->packs);
+	if (!target)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (walker->get_verbosely) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Getting pack %s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(target->sha1));
+		fprintf(stderr, " which contains %s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	preq = new_http_pack_request(target, repo->base);
+	if (preq == NULL)
+		goto abort;
+	preq->lst = &repo->packs;
+	preq->slot->results = &results;
+
+	if (start_active_slot(preq->slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(preq->slot);
+		if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+			error("Unable to get pack file %s\n%s", preq->url,
+			      curl_errorstr);
+			goto abort;
+		}
+	} else {
+		error("Unable to start request");
+		goto abort;
+	}
+
+	ret = finish_http_pack_request(preq);
+	release_http_pack_request(preq);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return 0;
+
+abort:
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void abort_object_request(struct object_request *obj_req)
+{
+	release_object_request(obj_req);
+}
+
+static int fetch_object(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct object_request *obj_req = object_queue_head;
+	struct http_object_request *req;
+
+	while (obj_req != NULL && hashcmp(obj_req->sha1, sha1))
+		obj_req = obj_req->next;
+	if (obj_req == NULL)
+		return error("Couldn't find request for %s in the queue", hex);
+
+	if (has_sha1_file(obj_req->sha1)) {
+		if (obj_req->req != NULL)
+			abort_http_object_request(obj_req->req);
+		abort_object_request(obj_req);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	while (obj_req->state == WAITING)
+		step_active_slots();
+#else
+	start_object_request(walker, obj_req);
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * obj_req->req might change when fetching alternates in the callback
+	 * process_object_response; therefore, the "shortcut" variable, req,
+	 * is used only after we're done with slots.
+	 */
+	while (obj_req->state == ACTIVE)
+		run_active_slot(obj_req->req->slot);
+
+	req = obj_req->req;
+
+	if (req->localfile != -1) {
+		close(req->localfile);
+		req->localfile = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (obj_req->state == ABORTED) {
+		ret = error("Request for %s aborted", hex);
+	} else if (req->curl_result != CURLE_OK &&
+		   req->http_code != 416) {
+		if (missing_target(req))
+			ret = -1; /* Be silent, it is probably in a pack. */
+		else
+			ret = error("%s (curl_result = %d, http_code = %ld, sha1 = %s)",
+				    req->errorstr, req->curl_result,
+				    req->http_code, hex);
+	} else if (req->zret != Z_STREAM_END) {
+		walker->corrupt_object_found++;
+		ret = error("File %s (%s) corrupt", hex, req->url);
+	} else if (hashcmp(obj_req->sha1, req->real_sha1)) {
+		ret = error("File %s has bad hash", hex);
+	} else if (req->rename < 0) {
+		ret = error("unable to write sha1 filename %s",
+			    req->filename);
+	}
+
+	release_http_object_request(req);
+	release_object_request(obj_req);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fetch(struct walker *walker, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct walker_data *data = walker->data;
+	struct alt_base *altbase = data->alt;
+
+	if (!fetch_object(walker, altbase, sha1))
+		return 0;
+	while (altbase) {
+		if (!fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
+			return 0;
+		fetch_alternates(walker, data->alt->base);
+		altbase = altbase->next;
+	}
+	return error("Unable to find %s under %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
+		     data->alt->base);
+}
+
+static int fetch_ref(struct walker *walker, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct walker_data *data = walker->data;
+	return http_fetch_ref(data->alt->base, ref);
+}
+
+static void cleanup(struct walker *walker)
+{
+	http_cleanup();
+}
+
+struct walker *get_http_walker(const char *url, struct remote *remote)
+{
+	char *s;
+	struct walker_data *data = xmalloc(sizeof(struct walker_data));
+	struct walker *walker = xmalloc(sizeof(struct walker));
+
+	http_init(remote);
+
+	data->alt = xmalloc(sizeof(*data->alt));
+	data->alt->base = xmalloc(strlen(url) + 1);
+	strcpy(data->alt->base, url);
+	for (s = data->alt->base + strlen(data->alt->base) - 1; *s == '/'; --s)
+		*s = 0;
+
+	data->alt->got_indices = 0;
+	data->alt->packs = NULL;
+	data->alt->next = NULL;
+	data->got_alternates = -1;
+
+	walker->corrupt_object_found = 0;
+	walker->fetch = fetch;
+	walker->fetch_ref = fetch_ref;
+	walker->prefetch = prefetch;
+	walker->cleanup = cleanup;
+	walker->data = data;
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	add_fill_function(walker, (int (*)(void *)) fill_active_slot);
+#endif
+
+	return walker;
+}
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deab595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1322 @@
+#include "http.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+
+int data_received;
+int active_requests;
+int http_is_verbose;
+size_t http_post_buffer = 16 * LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a06
+#define LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+#endif
+
+static int min_curl_sessions = 1;
+static int curl_session_count;
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+static int max_requests = -1;
+static CURLM *curlm;
+#endif
+#ifndef NO_CURL_EASY_DUPHANDLE
+static CURL *curl_default;
+#endif
+
+#define PREV_BUF_SIZE 4096
+#define RANGE_HEADER_SIZE 30
+
+char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
+
+static int curl_ssl_verify = -1;
+static const char *ssl_cert;
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
+static const char *ssl_key;
+#endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070908
+static const char *ssl_capath;
+#endif
+static const char *ssl_cainfo;
+static long curl_low_speed_limit = -1;
+static long curl_low_speed_time = -1;
+static int curl_ftp_no_epsv;
+static const char *curl_http_proxy;
+static char *user_name, *user_pass;
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071700
+/* Use CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD as is */
+#elif LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
+#define CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD CURLOPT_SSLKEYPASSWD
+#else
+#define CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD
+#endif
+
+static char *ssl_cert_password;
+static int ssl_cert_password_required;
+
+static struct curl_slist *pragma_header;
+static struct curl_slist *no_pragma_header;
+
+static struct active_request_slot *active_queue_head;
+
+size_t fread_buffer(void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
+{
+	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
+	struct buffer *buffer = buffer_;
+
+	if (size > buffer->buf.len - buffer->posn)
+		size = buffer->buf.len - buffer->posn;
+	memcpy(ptr, buffer->buf.buf + buffer->posn, size);
+	buffer->posn += size;
+
+	return size;
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+curlioerr ioctl_buffer(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp)
+{
+	struct buffer *buffer = clientp;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case CURLIOCMD_NOP:
+		return CURLIOE_OK;
+
+	case CURLIOCMD_RESTARTREAD:
+		buffer->posn = 0;
+		return CURLIOE_OK;
+
+	default:
+		return CURLIOE_UNKNOWNCMD;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+size_t fwrite_buffer(const void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
+{
+	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
+	struct strbuf *buffer = buffer_;
+
+	strbuf_add(buffer, ptr, size);
+	data_received++;
+	return size;
+}
+
+size_t fwrite_null(const void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *strbuf)
+{
+	data_received++;
+	return eltsize * nmemb;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+static void process_curl_messages(void)
+{
+	int num_messages;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	CURLMsg *curl_message = curl_multi_info_read(curlm, &num_messages);
+
+	while (curl_message != NULL) {
+		if (curl_message->msg == CURLMSG_DONE) {
+			int curl_result = curl_message->data.result;
+			slot = active_queue_head;
+			while (slot != NULL &&
+			       slot->curl != curl_message->easy_handle)
+				slot = slot->next;
+			if (slot != NULL) {
+				curl_multi_remove_handle(curlm, slot->curl);
+				slot->curl_result = curl_result;
+				finish_active_slot(slot);
+			} else {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Received DONE message for unknown request!\n");
+			}
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown CURL message received: %d\n",
+				(int)curl_message->msg);
+		}
+		curl_message = curl_multi_info_read(curlm, &num_messages);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslverify", var)) {
+		curl_ssl_verify = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslcert", var))
+		return git_config_string(&ssl_cert, var, value);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslkey", var))
+		return git_config_string(&ssl_key, var, value);
+#endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070908
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslcapath", var))
+		return git_config_string(&ssl_capath, var, value);
+#endif
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslcainfo", var))
+		return git_config_string(&ssl_cainfo, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp("http.sslcertpasswordprotected", var)) {
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
+		min_curl_sessions = git_config_int(var, value);
+#ifndef USE_CURL_MULTI
+		if (min_curl_sessions > 1)
+			min_curl_sessions = 1;
+#endif
+		return 0;
+	}
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	if (!strcmp("http.maxrequests", var)) {
+		max_requests = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (!strcmp("http.lowspeedlimit", var)) {
+		curl_low_speed_limit = (long)git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.lowspeedtime", var)) {
+		curl_low_speed_time = (long)git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("http.noepsv", var)) {
+		curl_ftp_no_epsv = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.proxy", var))
+		return git_config_string(&curl_http_proxy, var, value);
+
+	if (!strcmp("http.postbuffer", var)) {
+		http_post_buffer = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (http_post_buffer < LARGE_PACKET_MAX)
+			http_post_buffer = LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Fall back on the default ones */
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static void init_curl_http_auth(CURL *result)
+{
+	if (user_name) {
+		struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (!user_pass)
+			user_pass = xstrdup(getpass("Password: "));
+		strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s", user_name, user_pass);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD,
+				 strbuf_detach(&up, NULL));
+	}
+}
+
+static int has_cert_password(void)
+{
+	if (ssl_cert_password != NULL)
+		return 1;
+	if (ssl_cert == NULL || ssl_cert_password_required != 1)
+		return 0;
+	/* Only prompt the user once. */
+	ssl_cert_password_required = -1;
+	ssl_cert_password = getpass("Certificate Password: ");
+	if (ssl_cert_password != NULL) {
+		ssl_cert_password = xstrdup(ssl_cert_password);
+		return 1;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
+{
+	CURL *result = curl_easy_init();
+
+	if (!curl_ssl_verify) {
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
+	} else {
+		/* Verify authenticity of the peer's certificate */
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
+		/* The name in the cert must match whom we tried to connect */
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
+	}
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070907
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_NETRC, CURL_NETRC_OPTIONAL);
+#endif
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
+#endif
+
+	init_curl_http_auth(result);
+
+	if (ssl_cert != NULL)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSLCERT, ssl_cert);
+	if (has_cert_password())
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD, ssl_cert_password);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
+	if (ssl_key != NULL)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSLKEY, ssl_key);
+#endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070908
+	if (ssl_capath != NULL)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAPATH, ssl_capath);
+#endif
+	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
+
+	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
+				 curl_low_speed_limit);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME,
+				 curl_low_speed_time);
+	}
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_CURL_VERBOSE"))
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, GIT_USER_AGENT);
+
+	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
+
+	if (curl_http_proxy)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, curl_http_proxy);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void http_auth_init(const char *url)
+{
+	char *at, *colon, *cp, *slash;
+	int len;
+
+	cp = strstr(url, "://");
+	if (!cp)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok, the URL looks like "proto://something".  Which one?
+	 * "proto://<user>:<pass>@<host>/...",
+	 * "proto://<user>@<host>/...", or just
+	 * "proto://<host>/..."?
+	 */
+	cp += 3;
+	at = strchr(cp, '@');
+	colon = strchr(cp, ':');
+	slash = strchrnul(cp, '/');
+	if (!at || slash <= at)
+		return; /* No credentials */
+	if (!colon || at <= colon) {
+		/* Only username */
+		len = at - cp;
+		user_name = xmalloc(len + 1);
+		memcpy(user_name, cp, len);
+		user_name[len] = '\0';
+		user_pass = NULL;
+	} else {
+		len = colon - cp;
+		user_name = xmalloc(len + 1);
+		memcpy(user_name, cp, len);
+		user_name[len] = '\0';
+		len = at - (colon + 1);
+		user_pass = xmalloc(len + 1);
+		memcpy(user_pass, colon + 1, len);
+		user_pass[len] = '\0';
+	}
+}
+
+static void set_from_env(const char **var, const char *envname)
+{
+	const char *val = getenv(envname);
+	if (val)
+		*var = val;
+}
+
+void http_init(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	char *low_speed_limit;
+	char *low_speed_time;
+
+	http_is_verbose = 0;
+
+	git_config(http_options, NULL);
+
+	curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+
+	if (remote && remote->http_proxy)
+		curl_http_proxy = xstrdup(remote->http_proxy);
+
+	pragma_header = curl_slist_append(pragma_header, "Pragma: no-cache");
+	no_pragma_header = curl_slist_append(no_pragma_header, "Pragma:");
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	{
+		char *http_max_requests = getenv("GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS");
+		if (http_max_requests != NULL)
+			max_requests = atoi(http_max_requests);
+	}
+
+	curlm = curl_multi_init();
+	if (curlm == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error creating curl multi handle.\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY"))
+		curl_ssl_verify = 0;
+
+	set_from_env(&ssl_cert, "GIT_SSL_CERT");
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
+	set_from_env(&ssl_key, "GIT_SSL_KEY");
+#endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070908
+	set_from_env(&ssl_capath, "GIT_SSL_CAPATH");
+#endif
+	set_from_env(&ssl_cainfo, "GIT_SSL_CAINFO");
+
+	low_speed_limit = getenv("GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT");
+	if (low_speed_limit != NULL)
+		curl_low_speed_limit = strtol(low_speed_limit, NULL, 10);
+	low_speed_time = getenv("GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_TIME");
+	if (low_speed_time != NULL)
+		curl_low_speed_time = strtol(low_speed_time, NULL, 10);
+
+	if (curl_ssl_verify == -1)
+		curl_ssl_verify = 1;
+
+	curl_session_count = 0;
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	if (max_requests < 1)
+		max_requests = DEFAULT_MAX_REQUESTS;
+#endif
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV"))
+		curl_ftp_no_epsv = 1;
+
+	if (remote && remote->url && remote->url[0]) {
+		http_auth_init(remote->url[0]);
+		if (!ssl_cert_password_required &&
+		    getenv("GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED") &&
+		    !prefixcmp(remote->url[0], "https://"))
+			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
+	}
+
+#ifndef NO_CURL_EASY_DUPHANDLE
+	curl_default = get_curl_handle();
+#endif
+}
+
+void http_cleanup(void)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot = active_queue_head;
+
+	while (slot != NULL) {
+		struct active_request_slot *next = slot->next;
+		if (slot->curl != NULL) {
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+			curl_multi_remove_handle(curlm, slot->curl);
+#endif
+			curl_easy_cleanup(slot->curl);
+		}
+		free(slot);
+		slot = next;
+	}
+	active_queue_head = NULL;
+
+#ifndef NO_CURL_EASY_DUPHANDLE
+	curl_easy_cleanup(curl_default);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	curl_multi_cleanup(curlm);
+#endif
+	curl_global_cleanup();
+
+	curl_slist_free_all(pragma_header);
+	pragma_header = NULL;
+
+	curl_slist_free_all(no_pragma_header);
+	no_pragma_header = NULL;
+
+	if (curl_http_proxy) {
+		free((void *)curl_http_proxy);
+		curl_http_proxy = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (ssl_cert_password != NULL) {
+		memset(ssl_cert_password, 0, strlen(ssl_cert_password));
+		free(ssl_cert_password);
+		ssl_cert_password = NULL;
+	}
+	ssl_cert_password_required = 0;
+}
+
+struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot = active_queue_head;
+	struct active_request_slot *newslot;
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	int num_transfers;
+
+	/* Wait for a slot to open up if the queue is full */
+	while (active_requests >= max_requests) {
+		curl_multi_perform(curlm, &num_transfers);
+		if (num_transfers < active_requests)
+			process_curl_messages();
+	}
+#endif
+
+	while (slot != NULL && slot->in_use)
+		slot = slot->next;
+
+	if (slot == NULL) {
+		newslot = xmalloc(sizeof(*newslot));
+		newslot->curl = NULL;
+		newslot->in_use = 0;
+		newslot->next = NULL;
+
+		slot = active_queue_head;
+		if (slot == NULL) {
+			active_queue_head = newslot;
+		} else {
+			while (slot->next != NULL)
+				slot = slot->next;
+			slot->next = newslot;
+		}
+		slot = newslot;
+	}
+
+	if (slot->curl == NULL) {
+#ifdef NO_CURL_EASY_DUPHANDLE
+		slot->curl = get_curl_handle();
+#else
+		slot->curl = curl_easy_duphandle(curl_default);
+#endif
+		curl_session_count++;
+	}
+
+	active_requests++;
+	slot->in_use = 1;
+	slot->local = NULL;
+	slot->results = NULL;
+	slot->finished = NULL;
+	slot->callback_data = NULL;
+	slot->callback_func = NULL;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, pragma_header);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errorstr);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, NULL);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, NULL);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, NULL);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 0);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+
+	return slot;
+}
+
+int start_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	CURLMcode curlm_result = curl_multi_add_handle(curlm, slot->curl);
+	int num_transfers;
+
+	if (curlm_result != CURLM_OK &&
+	    curlm_result != CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM) {
+		active_requests--;
+		slot->in_use = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We know there must be something to do, since we just added
+	 * something.
+	 */
+	curl_multi_perform(curlm, &num_transfers);
+#endif
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+struct fill_chain {
+	void *data;
+	int (*fill)(void *);
+	struct fill_chain *next;
+};
+
+static struct fill_chain *fill_cfg;
+
+void add_fill_function(void *data, int (*fill)(void *))
+{
+	struct fill_chain *new = xmalloc(sizeof(*new));
+	struct fill_chain **linkp = &fill_cfg;
+	new->data = data;
+	new->fill = fill;
+	new->next = NULL;
+	while (*linkp)
+		linkp = &(*linkp)->next;
+	*linkp = new;
+}
+
+void fill_active_slots(void)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot = active_queue_head;
+
+	while (active_requests < max_requests) {
+		struct fill_chain *fill;
+		for (fill = fill_cfg; fill; fill = fill->next)
+			if (fill->fill(fill->data))
+				break;
+
+		if (!fill)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	while (slot != NULL) {
+		if (!slot->in_use && slot->curl != NULL
+			&& curl_session_count > min_curl_sessions) {
+			curl_easy_cleanup(slot->curl);
+			slot->curl = NULL;
+			curl_session_count--;
+		}
+		slot = slot->next;
+	}
+}
+
+void step_active_slots(void)
+{
+	int num_transfers;
+	CURLMcode curlm_result;
+
+	do {
+		curlm_result = curl_multi_perform(curlm, &num_transfers);
+	} while (curlm_result == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
+	if (num_transfers < active_requests) {
+		process_curl_messages();
+		fill_active_slots();
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	long last_pos = 0;
+	long current_pos;
+	fd_set readfds;
+	fd_set writefds;
+	fd_set excfds;
+	int max_fd;
+	struct timeval select_timeout;
+	int finished = 0;
+
+	slot->finished = &finished;
+	while (!finished) {
+		data_received = 0;
+		step_active_slots();
+
+		if (!data_received && slot->local != NULL) {
+			current_pos = ftell(slot->local);
+			if (current_pos > last_pos)
+				data_received++;
+			last_pos = current_pos;
+		}
+
+		if (slot->in_use && !data_received) {
+			max_fd = 0;
+			FD_ZERO(&readfds);
+			FD_ZERO(&writefds);
+			FD_ZERO(&excfds);
+			select_timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+			select_timeout.tv_usec = 50000;
+			select(max_fd, &readfds, &writefds,
+			       &excfds, &select_timeout);
+		}
+	}
+#else
+	while (slot->in_use) {
+		slot->curl_result = curl_easy_perform(slot->curl);
+		finish_active_slot(slot);
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+static void closedown_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	active_requests--;
+	slot->in_use = 0;
+}
+
+static void release_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	closedown_active_slot(slot);
+	if (slot->curl && curl_session_count > min_curl_sessions) {
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+		curl_multi_remove_handle(curlm, slot->curl);
+#endif
+		curl_easy_cleanup(slot->curl);
+		slot->curl = NULL;
+		curl_session_count--;
+	}
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+	fill_active_slots();
+#endif
+}
+
+void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	closedown_active_slot(slot);
+	curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE, &slot->http_code);
+
+	if (slot->finished != NULL)
+		(*slot->finished) = 1;
+
+	/* Store slot results so they can be read after the slot is reused */
+	if (slot->results != NULL) {
+		slot->results->curl_result = slot->curl_result;
+		slot->results->http_code = slot->http_code;
+	}
+
+	/* Run callback if appropriate */
+	if (slot->callback_func != NULL)
+		slot->callback_func(slot->callback_data);
+}
+
+void finish_all_active_slots(void)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot = active_queue_head;
+
+	while (slot != NULL)
+		if (slot->in_use) {
+			run_active_slot(slot);
+			slot = active_queue_head;
+		} else {
+			slot = slot->next;
+		}
+}
+
+/* Helpers for modifying and creating URLs */
+static inline int needs_quote(int ch)
+{
+	if (((ch >= 'A') && (ch <= 'Z'))
+			|| ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z'))
+			|| ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
+			|| (ch == '/')
+			|| (ch == '-')
+			|| (ch == '.'))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static inline int hex(int v)
+{
+	if (v < 10)
+		return '0' + v;
+	else
+		return 'A' + v - 10;
+}
+
+static void end_url_with_slash(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url)
+{
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, url);
+	if (buf->len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, "/");
+}
+
+static char *quote_ref_url(const char *base, const char *ref)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *cp;
+	int ch;
+
+	end_url_with_slash(&buf, base);
+
+	for (cp = ref; (ch = *cp) != 0; cp++)
+		if (needs_quote(ch))
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%%%02x", ch);
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, *cp);
+
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+void append_remote_object_url(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url,
+			      const char *hex,
+			      int only_two_digit_prefix)
+{
+	end_url_with_slash(buf, url);
+
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "objects/%.*s/", 2, hex);
+	if (!only_two_digit_prefix)
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s", hex+2);
+}
+
+char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
+			    int only_two_digit_prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	append_remote_object_url(&buf, url, hex, only_two_digit_prefix);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+/* http_request() targets */
+#define HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF	0
+#define HTTP_REQUEST_FILE	1
+
+static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+
+	if (result == NULL) {
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 1);
+	} else {
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, result);
+
+		if (target == HTTP_REQUEST_FILE) {
+			long posn = ftell(result);
+			curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
+					 fwrite);
+			if (posn > 0) {
+				strbuf_addf(&buf, "Range: bytes=%ld-", posn);
+				headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
+				strbuf_reset(&buf);
+			}
+			slot->local = result;
+		} else
+			curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
+					 fwrite_buffer);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Pragma:");
+	if (options & HTTP_NO_CACHE)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, " no-cache");
+
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
+
+	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		run_active_slot(slot);
+		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK)
+			ret = HTTP_OK;
+		else if (missing_target(&results))
+			ret = HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
+		else
+			ret = HTTP_ERROR;
+	} else {
+		error("Unable to start HTTP request for %s", url);
+		ret = HTTP_START_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	slot->local = NULL;
+	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options)
+{
+	return http_request(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Downloads an url and stores the result in the given file.
+ *
+ * If a previous interrupted download is detected (i.e. a previous temporary
+ * file is still around) the download is resumed.
+ */
+static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct strbuf tmpfile = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *result;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&tmpfile, "%s.temp", filename);
+	result = fopen(tmpfile.buf, "a");
+	if (! result) {
+		error("Unable to open local file %s", tmpfile.buf);
+		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	ret = http_request(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
+	fclose(result);
+
+	if ((ret == HTTP_OK) && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
+		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
+cleanup:
+	strbuf_release(&tmpfile);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int http_error(const char *url, int ret)
+{
+	/* http_request has already handled HTTP_START_FAILED. */
+	if (ret != HTTP_START_FAILED)
+		error("%s while accessing %s\n", curl_errorstr, url);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	char *url;
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	url = quote_ref_url(base, ref->name);
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
+		strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
+		if (buffer.len == 40)
+			ret = get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, ref->old_sha1);
+		else if (!prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
+			ref->symref = xstrdup(buffer.buf + 5);
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	free(url);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Helpers for fetching packs */
+static int fetch_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *base_url)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	char *hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	char *filename;
+	char *url = NULL;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (has_pack_index(sha1)) {
+		ret = 0;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (http_is_verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Getting index for pack %s\n", hex);
+
+	end_url_with_slash(&buf, base_url);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "objects/pack/pack-%s.idx", hex);
+	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	filename = sha1_pack_index_name(sha1);
+	if (http_get_file(url, filename, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+		ret = error("Unable to get pack index %s\n", url);
+
+cleanup:
+	free(hex);
+	free(url);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fetch_and_setup_pack_index(struct packed_git **packs_head,
+	unsigned char *sha1, const char *base_url)
+{
+	struct packed_git *new_pack;
+
+	if (fetch_pack_index(sha1, base_url))
+		return -1;
+
+	new_pack = parse_pack_index(sha1);
+	if (!new_pack)
+		return -1; /* parse_pack_index() already issued error message */
+	new_pack->next = *packs_head;
+	*packs_head = new_pack;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
+{
+	int ret = 0, i = 0;
+	char *url, *data;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	end_url_with_slash(&buf, base_url);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "objects/info/packs");
+	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	if (ret != HTTP_OK)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	data = buf.buf;
+	while (i < buf.len) {
+		switch (data[i]) {
+		case 'P':
+			i++;
+			if (i + 52 <= buf.len &&
+			    !prefixcmp(data + i, " pack-") &&
+			    !prefixcmp(data + i + 46, ".pack\n")) {
+				get_sha1_hex(data + i + 6, sha1);
+				fetch_and_setup_pack_index(packs_head, sha1,
+						      base_url);
+				i += 51;
+				break;
+			}
+		default:
+			while (i < buf.len && data[i] != '\n')
+				i++;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	free(url);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void release_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
+{
+	if (preq->packfile != NULL) {
+		fclose(preq->packfile);
+		preq->packfile = NULL;
+		preq->slot->local = NULL;
+	}
+	if (preq->range_header != NULL) {
+		curl_slist_free_all(preq->range_header);
+		preq->range_header = NULL;
+	}
+	preq->slot = NULL;
+	free(preq->url);
+}
+
+int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct packed_git **lst;
+
+	preq->target->pack_size = ftell(preq->packfile);
+
+	if (preq->packfile != NULL) {
+		fclose(preq->packfile);
+		preq->packfile = NULL;
+		preq->slot->local = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ret = move_temp_to_file(preq->tmpfile, preq->filename);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	lst = preq->lst;
+	while (*lst != preq->target)
+		lst = &((*lst)->next);
+	*lst = (*lst)->next;
+
+	if (verify_pack(preq->target))
+		return -1;
+	install_packed_git(preq->target);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct http_pack_request *new_http_pack_request(
+	struct packed_git *target, const char *base_url)
+{
+	char *filename;
+	long prev_posn = 0;
+	char range[RANGE_HEADER_SIZE];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct http_pack_request *preq;
+
+	preq = xmalloc(sizeof(*preq));
+	preq->target = target;
+	preq->range_header = NULL;
+
+	end_url_with_slash(&buf, base_url);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "objects/pack/pack-%s.pack",
+		sha1_to_hex(target->sha1));
+	preq->url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	filename = sha1_pack_name(target->sha1);
+	snprintf(preq->filename, sizeof(preq->filename), "%s", filename);
+	snprintf(preq->tmpfile, sizeof(preq->tmpfile), "%s.temp", filename);
+	preq->packfile = fopen(preq->tmpfile, "a");
+	if (!preq->packfile) {
+		error("Unable to open local file %s for pack",
+		      preq->tmpfile);
+		goto abort;
+	}
+
+	preq->slot = get_active_slot();
+	preq->slot->local = preq->packfile;
+	curl_easy_setopt(preq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, preq->packfile);
+	curl_easy_setopt(preq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite);
+	curl_easy_setopt(preq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, preq->url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(preq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
+		no_pragma_header);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is data present from a previous transfer attempt,
+	 * resume where it left off
+	 */
+	prev_posn = ftell(preq->packfile);
+	if (prev_posn>0) {
+		if (http_is_verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"Resuming fetch of pack %s at byte %ld\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(target->sha1), prev_posn);
+		sprintf(range, "Range: bytes=%ld-", prev_posn);
+		preq->range_header = curl_slist_append(NULL, range);
+		curl_easy_setopt(preq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
+			preq->range_header);
+	}
+
+	return preq;
+
+abort:
+	free(filename);
+	free(preq->url);
+	free(preq);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Helpers for fetching objects (loose) */
+static size_t fwrite_sha1_file(void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb,
+			       void *data)
+{
+	unsigned char expn[4096];
+	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
+	int posn = 0;
+	struct http_object_request *freq =
+		(struct http_object_request *)data;
+	do {
+		ssize_t retval = xwrite(freq->localfile,
+					(char *) ptr + posn, size - posn);
+		if (retval < 0)
+			return posn;
+		posn += retval;
+	} while (posn < size);
+
+	freq->stream.avail_in = size;
+	freq->stream.next_in = ptr;
+	do {
+		freq->stream.next_out = expn;
+		freq->stream.avail_out = sizeof(expn);
+		freq->zret = git_inflate(&freq->stream, Z_SYNC_FLUSH);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&freq->c, expn,
+				sizeof(expn) - freq->stream.avail_out);
+	} while (freq->stream.avail_in && freq->zret == Z_OK);
+	data_received++;
+	return size;
+}
+
+struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(const char *base_url,
+	unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+	char *filename;
+	char prevfile[PATH_MAX];
+	int prevlocal;
+	unsigned char prev_buf[PREV_BUF_SIZE];
+	ssize_t prev_read = 0;
+	long prev_posn = 0;
+	char range[RANGE_HEADER_SIZE];
+	struct curl_slist *range_header = NULL;
+	struct http_object_request *freq;
+
+	freq = xmalloc(sizeof(*freq));
+	hashcpy(freq->sha1, sha1);
+	freq->localfile = -1;
+
+	filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+	snprintf(freq->filename, sizeof(freq->filename), "%s", filename);
+	snprintf(freq->tmpfile, sizeof(freq->tmpfile),
+		 "%s.temp", filename);
+
+	snprintf(prevfile, sizeof(prevfile), "%s.prev", filename);
+	unlink_or_warn(prevfile);
+	rename(freq->tmpfile, prevfile);
+	unlink_or_warn(freq->tmpfile);
+
+	if (freq->localfile != -1)
+		error("fd leakage in start: %d", freq->localfile);
+	freq->localfile = open(freq->tmpfile,
+			       O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+	/*
+	 * This could have failed due to the "lazy directory creation";
+	 * try to mkdir the last path component.
+	 */
+	if (freq->localfile < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
+		char *dir = strrchr(freq->tmpfile, '/');
+		if (dir) {
+			*dir = 0;
+			mkdir(freq->tmpfile, 0777);
+			*dir = '/';
+		}
+		freq->localfile = open(freq->tmpfile,
+				       O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+	}
+
+	if (freq->localfile < 0) {
+		error("Couldn't create temporary file %s for %s: %s",
+		      freq->tmpfile, freq->filename, strerror(errno));
+		goto abort;
+	}
+
+	memset(&freq->stream, 0, sizeof(freq->stream));
+
+	git_inflate_init(&freq->stream);
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&freq->c);
+
+	freq->url = get_remote_object_url(base_url, hex, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * If a previous temp file is present, process what was already
+	 * fetched.
+	 */
+	prevlocal = open(prevfile, O_RDONLY);
+	if (prevlocal != -1) {
+		do {
+			prev_read = xread(prevlocal, prev_buf, PREV_BUF_SIZE);
+			if (prev_read>0) {
+				if (fwrite_sha1_file(prev_buf,
+						     1,
+						     prev_read,
+						     freq) == prev_read) {
+					prev_posn += prev_read;
+				} else {
+					prev_read = -1;
+				}
+			}
+		} while (prev_read > 0);
+		close(prevlocal);
+	}
+	unlink_or_warn(prevfile);
+
+	/*
+	 * Reset inflate/SHA1 if there was an error reading the previous temp
+	 * file; also rewind to the beginning of the local file.
+	 */
+	if (prev_read == -1) {
+		memset(&freq->stream, 0, sizeof(freq->stream));
+		git_inflate_init(&freq->stream);
+		git_SHA1_Init(&freq->c);
+		if (prev_posn>0) {
+			prev_posn = 0;
+			lseek(freq->localfile, 0, SEEK_SET);
+			if (ftruncate(freq->localfile, 0) < 0) {
+				error("Couldn't truncate temporary file %s for %s: %s",
+					  freq->tmpfile, freq->filename, strerror(errno));
+				goto abort;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	freq->slot = get_active_slot();
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, freq);
+	curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_sha1_file);
+	curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, freq->errorstr);
+	curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, freq->url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, no_pragma_header);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have successfully processed data from a previous fetch
+	 * attempt, only fetch the data we don't already have.
+	 */
+	if (prev_posn>0) {
+		if (http_is_verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"Resuming fetch of object %s at byte %ld\n",
+				hex, prev_posn);
+		sprintf(range, "Range: bytes=%ld-", prev_posn);
+		range_header = curl_slist_append(range_header, range);
+		curl_easy_setopt(freq->slot->curl,
+				 CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, range_header);
+	}
+
+	return freq;
+
+abort:
+	free(filename);
+	free(freq->url);
+	free(freq);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void process_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq)
+{
+	if (freq->slot == NULL)
+		return;
+	freq->curl_result = freq->slot->curl_result;
+	freq->http_code = freq->slot->http_code;
+	freq->slot = NULL;
+}
+
+int finish_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	close(freq->localfile);
+	freq->localfile = -1;
+
+	process_http_object_request(freq);
+
+	if (freq->http_code == 416) {
+		warning("requested range invalid; we may already have all the data.");
+	} else if (freq->curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+		if (stat(freq->tmpfile, &st) == 0)
+			if (st.st_size == 0)
+				unlink_or_warn(freq->tmpfile);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	git_inflate_end(&freq->stream);
+	git_SHA1_Final(freq->real_sha1, &freq->c);
+	if (freq->zret != Z_STREAM_END) {
+		unlink_or_warn(freq->tmpfile);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (hashcmp(freq->sha1, freq->real_sha1)) {
+		unlink_or_warn(freq->tmpfile);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	freq->rename =
+		move_temp_to_file(freq->tmpfile, freq->filename);
+
+	return freq->rename;
+}
+
+void abort_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq)
+{
+	unlink_or_warn(freq->tmpfile);
+
+	release_http_object_request(freq);
+}
+
+void release_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq)
+{
+	if (freq->localfile != -1) {
+		close(freq->localfile);
+		freq->localfile = -1;
+	}
+	if (freq->url != NULL) {
+		free(freq->url);
+		freq->url = NULL;
+	}
+	if (freq->slot != NULL) {
+		freq->slot->callback_func = NULL;
+		freq->slot->callback_data = NULL;
+		release_active_slot(freq->slot);
+		freq->slot = NULL;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/http.h b/http.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c9441c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http.h
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#ifndef HTTP_H
+#define HTTP_H
+
+#include "cache.h"
+
+#include <curl/curl.h>
+#include <curl/easy.h>
+
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+/*
+ * We detect based on the cURL version if multi-transfer is
+ * usable in this implementation and define this symbol accordingly.
+ * This is not something Makefile should set nor users should pass
+ * via CFLAGS.
+ */
+#undef USE_CURL_MULTI
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071000
+#define USE_CURL_MULTI
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_REQUESTS 5
+#endif
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM < 0x070704
+#define curl_global_cleanup() do { /* nothing */ } while(0)
+#endif
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM < 0x070800
+#define curl_global_init(a) do { /* nothing */ } while(0)
+#endif
+
+#if (LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM < 0x070c04) || (LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM == 0x071000)
+#define NO_CURL_EASY_DUPHANDLE
+#endif
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM < 0x070a03
+#define CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR CURLE_HTTP_NOT_FOUND
+#endif
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM < 0x070c03
+#define NO_CURL_IOCTL
+#endif
+
+struct slot_results
+{
+	CURLcode curl_result;
+	long http_code;
+};
+
+struct active_request_slot
+{
+	CURL *curl;
+	FILE *local;
+	int in_use;
+	CURLcode curl_result;
+	long http_code;
+	int *finished;
+	struct slot_results *results;
+	void *callback_data;
+	void (*callback_func)(void *data);
+	struct active_request_slot *next;
+};
+
+struct buffer
+{
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	size_t posn;
+};
+
+/* Curl request read/write callbacks */
+extern size_t fread_buffer(void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *strbuf);
+extern size_t fwrite_buffer(const void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *strbuf);
+extern size_t fwrite_null(const void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *strbuf);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+extern curlioerr ioctl_buffer(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp);
+#endif
+
+/* Slot lifecycle functions */
+extern struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void);
+extern int start_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
+extern void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
+extern void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
+extern void finish_all_active_slots(void);
+
+#ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
+extern void fill_active_slots(void);
+extern void add_fill_function(void *data, int (*fill)(void *));
+extern void step_active_slots(void);
+#endif
+
+extern void http_init(struct remote *remote);
+extern void http_cleanup(void);
+
+extern int data_received;
+extern int active_requests;
+extern int http_is_verbose;
+extern size_t http_post_buffer;
+
+extern char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
+
+static inline int missing__target(int code, int result)
+{
+	return	/* file:// URL -- do we ever use one??? */
+		(result == CURLE_FILE_COULDNT_READ_FILE) ||
+		/* http:// and https:// URL */
+		(code == 404 && result == CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR) ||
+		/* ftp:// URL */
+		(code == 550 && result == CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_RETR_FILE)
+		;
+}
+
+#define missing_target(a) missing__target((a)->http_code, (a)->curl_result)
+
+/* Helpers for modifying and creating URLs */
+extern void append_remote_object_url(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url,
+				     const char *hex,
+				     int only_two_digit_prefix);
+extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
+				   int only_two_digit_prefix);
+
+/* Options for http_request_*() */
+#define HTTP_NO_CACHE		1
+
+/* Return values for http_request_*() */
+#define HTTP_OK			0
+#define HTTP_MISSING_TARGET	1
+#define HTTP_ERROR		2
+#define HTTP_START_FAILED	3
+
+/*
+ * Requests an url and stores the result in a strbuf.
+ *
+ * If the result pointer is NULL, a HTTP HEAD request is made instead of GET.
+ */
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options);
+
+/*
+ * Prints an error message using error() containing url and curl_errorstr,
+ * and returns ret.
+ */
+int http_error(const char *url, int ret);
+
+extern int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref);
+
+/* Helpers for fetching packs */
+extern int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url,
+	struct packed_git **packs_head);
+
+struct http_pack_request
+{
+	char *url;
+	struct packed_git *target;
+	struct packed_git **lst;
+	FILE *packfile;
+	char filename[PATH_MAX];
+	char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+	struct curl_slist *range_header;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+};
+
+extern struct http_pack_request *new_http_pack_request(
+	struct packed_git *target, const char *base_url);
+extern int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq);
+extern void release_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq);
+
+/* Helpers for fetching object */
+struct http_object_request
+{
+	char *url;
+	char filename[PATH_MAX];
+	char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+	int localfile;
+	CURLcode curl_result;
+	char errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
+	long http_code;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned char real_sha1[20];
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	z_stream stream;
+	int zret;
+	int rename;
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+};
+
+extern struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(
+	const char *base_url, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern void process_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
+extern int finish_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
+extern void abort_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
+extern void release_http_object_request(struct http_object_request *freq);
+
+#endif /* HTTP_H */
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e24388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+/*
+ * ident.c
+ *
+ * create git identifier lines of the form "name <email> date"
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+
+static char git_default_date[50];
+
+static void copy_gecos(const struct passwd *w, char *name, size_t sz)
+{
+	char *src, *dst;
+	size_t len, nlen;
+
+	nlen = strlen(w->pw_name);
+
+	/* Traditionally GECOS field had office phone numbers etc, separated
+	 * with commas.  Also & stands for capitalized form of the login name.
+	 */
+
+	for (len = 0, dst = name, src = w->pw_gecos; len < sz; src++) {
+		int ch = *src;
+		if (ch != '&') {
+			*dst++ = ch;
+			if (ch == 0 || ch == ',')
+				break;
+			len++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (len + nlen < sz) {
+			/* Sorry, Mr. McDonald... */
+			*dst++ = toupper(*w->pw_name);
+			memcpy(dst, w->pw_name + 1, nlen - 1);
+			dst += nlen - 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (len < sz)
+		name[len] = 0;
+	else
+		die("Your parents must have hated you!");
+
+}
+
+static void copy_email(const struct passwd *pw)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Make up a fake email address
+	 * (name + '@' + hostname [+ '.' + domainname])
+	 */
+	size_t len = strlen(pw->pw_name);
+	if (len > sizeof(git_default_email)/2)
+		die("Your sysadmin must hate you!");
+	memcpy(git_default_email, pw->pw_name, len);
+	git_default_email[len++] = '@';
+	gethostname(git_default_email + len, sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+	if (!strchr(git_default_email+len, '.')) {
+		struct hostent *he = gethostbyname(git_default_email + len);
+		char *domainname;
+
+		len = strlen(git_default_email);
+		git_default_email[len++] = '.';
+		if (he && (domainname = strchr(he->h_name, '.')))
+			strlcpy(git_default_email + len, domainname + 1,
+				sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+		else
+			strlcpy(git_default_email + len, "(none)",
+				sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+	}
+}
+
+static void setup_ident(void)
+{
+	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
+
+	/* Get the name ("gecos") */
+	if (!git_default_name[0]) {
+		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+		if (!pw)
+			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
+		copy_gecos(pw, git_default_name, sizeof(git_default_name));
+	}
+
+	if (!git_default_email[0]) {
+		const char *email = getenv("EMAIL");
+
+		if (email && email[0]) {
+			strlcpy(git_default_email, email,
+				sizeof(git_default_email));
+			user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		} else {
+			if (!pw)
+				pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+			if (!pw)
+				die("You don't exist. Go away!");
+			copy_email(pw);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* And set the default date */
+	if (!git_default_date[0])
+		datestamp(git_default_date, sizeof(git_default_date));
+}
+
+static int add_raw(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *str)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(str);
+	if (offset + len > size)
+		return size;
+	memcpy(buf + offset, str, len);
+	return offset + len;
+}
+
+static int crud(unsigned char c)
+{
+	return  c <= 32  ||
+		c == '.' ||
+		c == ',' ||
+		c == ':' ||
+		c == ';' ||
+		c == '<' ||
+		c == '>' ||
+		c == '"' ||
+		c == '\\' ||
+		c == '\'';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy over a string to the destination, but avoid special
+ * characters ('\n', '<' and '>') and remove crud at the end
+ */
+static int copy(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *src)
+{
+	size_t i, len;
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	/* Remove crud from the beginning.. */
+	while ((c = *src) != 0) {
+		if (!crud(c))
+			break;
+		src++;
+	}
+
+	/* Remove crud from the end.. */
+	len = strlen(src);
+	while (len > 0) {
+		c = src[len-1];
+		if (!crud(c))
+			break;
+		--len;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the rest to the buffer, but avoid the special
+	 * characters '\n' '<' and '>' that act as delimiters on
+	 * an identification line
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		c = *src++;
+		switch (c) {
+		case '\n': case '<': case '>':
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (offset >= size)
+			return size;
+		buf[offset++] = c;
+	}
+	return offset;
+}
+
+static const char *env_hint =
+"\n"
+"*** Please tell me who you are.\n"
+"\n"
+"Run\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global user.email \"you@example.com\"\n"
+"  git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"\n"
+"to set your account\'s default identity.\n"
+"Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.\n"
+"\n";
+
+const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email,
+		      const char *date_str, int flag)
+{
+	static char buffer[1000];
+	char date[50];
+	int i;
+	int error_on_no_name = (flag & IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+	int warn_on_no_name = (flag & IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
+	int name_addr_only = (flag & IDENT_NO_DATE);
+
+	setup_ident();
+	if (!name)
+		name = git_default_name;
+	if (!email)
+		email = git_default_email;
+
+	if (!*name) {
+		struct passwd *pw;
+
+		if ((warn_on_no_name || error_on_no_name) &&
+		    name == git_default_name && env_hint) {
+			fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+			env_hint = NULL; /* warn only once */
+		}
+		if (error_on_no_name)
+			die("empty ident %s <%s> not allowed", name, email);
+		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+		if (!pw)
+			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
+		strlcpy(git_default_name, pw->pw_name,
+			sizeof(git_default_name));
+		name = git_default_name;
+	}
+
+	strcpy(date, git_default_date);
+	if (!name_addr_only && date_str)
+		parse_date(date_str, date, sizeof(date));
+
+	i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, name);
+	i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, " <");
+	i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, email);
+	if (!name_addr_only) {
+		i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i,  "> ");
+		i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, date);
+	} else {
+		i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, ">");
+	}
+	if (i >= sizeof(buffer))
+		die("Impossibly long personal identifier");
+	buffer[i] = 0;
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email)
+{
+	return fmt_ident(name, email, NULL, IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME | IDENT_NO_DATE);
+}
+
+const char *git_author_info(int flag)
+{
+	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"),
+			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"),
+			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"),
+			 flag);
+}
+
+const char *git_committer_info(int flag)
+{
+	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
+		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
+		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"),
+			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE"),
+			 flag);
+}
+
+int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+#ifndef WINDOWS
+	return (user_ident_explicitly_given & IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN);
+#else
+	return (user_ident_explicitly_given == IDENT_ALL_GIVEN);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51f371b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1436 @@
+/*
+ * git-imap-send - drops patches into an imap Drafts folder
+ *                 derived from isync/mbsync - mailbox synchronizer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Michael R. Elkins <me@mutt.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2004 Oswald Buddenhagen <ossi@users.sf.net>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 Theodore Y. Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Mike McCormack
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
+typedef void *SSL;
+#endif
+
+struct store_conf {
+	char *name;
+	const char *path; /* should this be here? its interpretation is driver-specific */
+	char *map_inbox;
+	char *trash;
+	unsigned max_size; /* off_t is overkill */
+	unsigned trash_remote_new:1, trash_only_new:1;
+};
+
+struct string_list {
+	struct string_list *next;
+	char string[1];
+};
+
+struct channel_conf {
+	struct channel_conf *next;
+	char *name;
+	struct store_conf *master, *slave;
+	char *master_name, *slave_name;
+	char *sync_state;
+	struct string_list *patterns;
+	int mops, sops;
+	unsigned max_messages; /* for slave only */
+};
+
+struct group_conf {
+	struct group_conf *next;
+	char *name;
+	struct string_list *channels;
+};
+
+/* For message->status */
+#define M_RECENT       (1<<0) /* unsyncable flag; maildir_* depend on this being 1<<0 */
+#define M_DEAD         (1<<1) /* expunged */
+#define M_FLAGS        (1<<2) /* flags fetched */
+
+struct message {
+	struct message *next;
+	/* struct string_list *keywords; */
+	size_t size; /* zero implies "not fetched" */
+	int uid;
+	unsigned char flags, status;
+};
+
+struct store {
+	struct store_conf *conf; /* foreign */
+
+	/* currently open mailbox */
+	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
+	char *path; /* own */
+	struct message *msgs; /* own */
+	int uidvalidity;
+	unsigned char opts; /* maybe preset? */
+	/* note that the following do _not_ reflect stats from msgs, but mailbox totals */
+	int count; /* # of messages */
+	int recent; /* # of recent messages - don't trust this beyond the initial read */
+};
+
+struct msg_data {
+	char *data;
+	int len;
+	unsigned char flags;
+	unsigned int crlf:1;
+};
+
+static const char imap_send_usage[] = "git imap-send < <mbox>";
+
+#undef DRV_OK
+#define DRV_OK          0
+#define DRV_MSG_BAD     -1
+#define DRV_BOX_BAD     -2
+#define DRV_STORE_BAD   -3
+
+static int Verbose, Quiet;
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static void imap_info(const char *, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+static void imap_warn(const char *, ...);
+
+static char *next_arg(char **);
+
+static void free_generic_messages(struct message *);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+static int nfvasprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+	int len;
+	char tmp[8192];
+
+	len = vsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmt, ap);
+	if (len < 0)
+		die("Fatal: Out of memory");
+	if (len >= sizeof(tmp))
+		die("imap command overflow!");
+	*strp = xmemdupz(tmp, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+struct imap_server_conf {
+	char *name;
+	char *tunnel;
+	char *host;
+	int port;
+	char *user;
+	char *pass;
+	int use_ssl;
+	int ssl_verify;
+	int use_html;
+};
+
+struct imap_store_conf {
+	struct store_conf gen;
+	struct imap_server_conf *server;
+	unsigned use_namespace:1;
+};
+
+#define NIL	(void *)0x1
+#define LIST	(void *)0x2
+
+struct imap_list {
+	struct imap_list *next, *child;
+	char *val;
+	int len;
+};
+
+struct imap_socket {
+	int fd[2];
+	SSL *ssl;
+};
+
+struct imap_buffer {
+	struct imap_socket sock;
+	int bytes;
+	int offset;
+	char buf[1024];
+};
+
+struct imap_cmd;
+
+struct imap {
+	int uidnext; /* from SELECT responses */
+	struct imap_list *ns_personal, *ns_other, *ns_shared; /* NAMESPACE info */
+	unsigned caps, rcaps; /* CAPABILITY results */
+	/* command queue */
+	int nexttag, num_in_progress, literal_pending;
+	struct imap_cmd *in_progress, **in_progress_append;
+	struct imap_buffer buf; /* this is BIG, so put it last */
+};
+
+struct imap_store {
+	struct store gen;
+	int uidvalidity;
+	struct imap *imap;
+	const char *prefix;
+	unsigned /*currentnc:1,*/ trashnc:1;
+};
+
+struct imap_cmd_cb {
+	int (*cont)(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *cmd, const char *prompt);
+	void (*done)(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *cmd, int response);
+	void *ctx;
+	char *data;
+	int dlen;
+	int uid;
+	unsigned create:1, trycreate:1;
+};
+
+struct imap_cmd {
+	struct imap_cmd *next;
+	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
+	char *cmd;
+	int tag;
+};
+
+#define CAP(cap) (imap->caps & (1 << (cap)))
+
+enum CAPABILITY {
+	NOLOGIN = 0,
+	UIDPLUS,
+	LITERALPLUS,
+	NAMESPACE,
+	STARTTLS,
+};
+
+static const char *cap_list[] = {
+	"LOGINDISABLED",
+	"UIDPLUS",
+	"LITERAL+",
+	"NAMESPACE",
+	"STARTTLS",
+};
+
+#define RESP_OK    0
+#define RESP_NO    1
+#define RESP_BAD   2
+
+static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd);
+
+
+static const char *Flags[] = {
+	"Draft",
+	"Flagged",
+	"Answered",
+	"Seen",
+	"Deleted",
+};
+
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+static void ssl_socket_perror(const char *func)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+}
+#endif
+
+static void socket_perror(const char *func, struct imap_socket *sock, int ret)
+{
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	if (sock->ssl) {
+		int sslerr = SSL_get_error(sock->ssl, ret);
+		switch (sslerr) {
+		case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+			break;
+		case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+			perror("SSL_connect");
+			break;
+		default:
+			ssl_socket_perror("SSL_connect");
+			break;
+		}
+	} else
+#endif
+	{
+		if (ret < 0)
+			perror(func);
+		else
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unexpected EOF\n", func);
+	}
+}
+
+static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
+{
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
+	fprintf(stderr, "SSL requested but SSL support not compiled in\n");
+	return -1;
+#else
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10000000L)
+	const SSL_METHOD *meth;
+#else
+	SSL_METHOD *meth;
+#endif
+	SSL_CTX *ctx;
+	int ret;
+
+	SSL_library_init();
+	SSL_load_error_strings();
+
+	if (use_tls_only)
+		meth = TLSv1_method();
+	else
+		meth = SSLv23_method();
+
+	if (!meth) {
+		ssl_socket_perror("SSLv23_method");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ctx = SSL_CTX_new(meth);
+
+	if (verify)
+		SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);
+
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ctx)) {
+		ssl_socket_perror("SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	sock->ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+	if (!sock->ssl) {
+		ssl_socket_perror("SSL_new");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!SSL_set_rfd(sock->ssl, sock->fd[0])) {
+		ssl_socket_perror("SSL_set_rfd");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!SSL_set_wfd(sock->ssl, sock->fd[1])) {
+		ssl_socket_perror("SSL_set_wfd");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = SSL_connect(sock->ssl);
+	if (ret <= 0) {
+		socket_perror("SSL_connect", sock, ret);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int socket_read(struct imap_socket *sock, char *buf, int len)
+{
+	ssize_t n;
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	if (sock->ssl)
+		n = SSL_read(sock->ssl, buf, len);
+	else
+#endif
+		n = xread(sock->fd[0], buf, len);
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		socket_perror("read", sock, n);
+		close(sock->fd[0]);
+		close(sock->fd[1]);
+		sock->fd[0] = sock->fd[1] = -1;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int socket_write(struct imap_socket *sock, const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int n;
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	if (sock->ssl)
+		n = SSL_write(sock->ssl, buf, len);
+	else
+#endif
+		n = write_in_full(sock->fd[1], buf, len);
+	if (n != len) {
+		socket_perror("write", sock, n);
+		close(sock->fd[0]);
+		close(sock->fd[1]);
+		sock->fd[0] = sock->fd[1] = -1;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+static void socket_shutdown(struct imap_socket *sock)
+{
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	if (sock->ssl) {
+		SSL_shutdown(sock->ssl);
+		SSL_free(sock->ssl);
+	}
+#endif
+	close(sock->fd[0]);
+	close(sock->fd[1]);
+}
+
+/* simple line buffering */
+static int buffer_gets(struct imap_buffer *b, char **s)
+{
+	int n;
+	int start = b->offset;
+
+	*s = b->buf + start;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		/* make sure we have enough data to read the \r\n sequence */
+		if (b->offset + 1 >= b->bytes) {
+			if (start) {
+				/* shift down used bytes */
+				*s = b->buf;
+
+				assert(start <= b->bytes);
+				n = b->bytes - start;
+
+				if (n)
+					memmove(b->buf, b->buf + start, n);
+				b->offset -= start;
+				b->bytes = n;
+				start = 0;
+			}
+
+			n = socket_read(&b->sock, b->buf + b->bytes,
+					 sizeof(b->buf) - b->bytes);
+
+			if (n <= 0)
+				return -1;
+
+			b->bytes += n;
+		}
+
+		if (b->buf[b->offset] == '\r') {
+			assert(b->offset + 1 < b->bytes);
+			if (b->buf[b->offset + 1] == '\n') {
+				b->buf[b->offset] = 0;  /* terminate the string */
+				b->offset += 2; /* next line */
+				if (Verbose)
+					puts(*s);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		b->offset++;
+	}
+	/* not reached */
+}
+
+static void imap_info(const char *msg, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+
+	if (!Quiet) {
+		va_start(va, msg);
+		vprintf(msg, va);
+		va_end(va);
+		fflush(stdout);
+	}
+}
+
+static void imap_warn(const char *msg, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+
+	if (Quiet < 2) {
+		va_start(va, msg);
+		vfprintf(stderr, msg, va);
+		va_end(va);
+	}
+}
+
+static char *next_arg(char **s)
+{
+	char *ret;
+
+	if (!s || !*s)
+		return NULL;
+	while (isspace((unsigned char) **s))
+		(*s)++;
+	if (!**s) {
+		*s = NULL;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (**s == '"') {
+		++*s;
+		ret = *s;
+		*s = strchr(*s, '"');
+	} else {
+		ret = *s;
+		while (**s && !isspace((unsigned char) **s))
+			(*s)++;
+	}
+	if (*s) {
+		if (**s)
+			*(*s)++ = 0;
+		if (!**s)
+			*s = NULL;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void free_generic_messages(struct message *msgs)
+{
+	struct message *tmsg;
+
+	for (; msgs; msgs = tmsg) {
+		tmsg = msgs->next;
+		free(msgs);
+	}
+}
+
+static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list va;
+
+	va_start(va, fmt);
+	if (blen <= 0 || (unsigned)(ret = vsnprintf(buf, blen, fmt, va)) >= (unsigned)blen)
+		die("Fatal: buffer too small. Please report a bug.");
+	va_end(va);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
+					 struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+					 const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
+	struct imap_cmd *cmd;
+	int n, bufl;
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	cmd = xmalloc(sizeof(struct imap_cmd));
+	nfvasprintf(&cmd->cmd, fmt, ap);
+	cmd->tag = ++imap->nexttag;
+
+	if (cb)
+		cmd->cb = *cb;
+	else
+		memset(&cmd->cb, 0, sizeof(cmd->cb));
+
+	while (imap->literal_pending)
+		get_cmd_result(ctx, NULL);
+
+	bufl = nfsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), cmd->cb.data ? CAP(LITERALPLUS) ?
+			   "%d %s{%d+}\r\n" : "%d %s{%d}\r\n" : "%d %s\r\n",
+			   cmd->tag, cmd->cmd, cmd->cb.dlen);
+	if (Verbose) {
+		if (imap->num_in_progress)
+			printf("(%d in progress) ", imap->num_in_progress);
+		if (memcmp(cmd->cmd, "LOGIN", 5))
+			printf(">>> %s", buf);
+		else
+			printf(">>> %d LOGIN <user> <pass>\n", cmd->tag);
+	}
+	if (socket_write(&imap->buf.sock, buf, bufl) != bufl) {
+		free(cmd->cmd);
+		free(cmd);
+		if (cb)
+			free(cb->data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (cmd->cb.data) {
+		if (CAP(LITERALPLUS)) {
+			n = socket_write(&imap->buf.sock, cmd->cb.data, cmd->cb.dlen);
+			free(cmd->cb.data);
+			if (n != cmd->cb.dlen ||
+			    socket_write(&imap->buf.sock, "\r\n", 2) != 2) {
+				free(cmd->cmd);
+				free(cmd);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			cmd->cb.data = NULL;
+		} else
+			imap->literal_pending = 1;
+	} else if (cmd->cb.cont)
+		imap->literal_pending = 1;
+	cmd->next = NULL;
+	*imap->in_progress_append = cmd;
+	imap->in_progress_append = &cmd->next;
+	imap->num_in_progress++;
+	return cmd;
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+static struct imap_cmd *issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
+				       struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+				       const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct imap_cmd *ret;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+static int imap_exec(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+		     const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	struct imap_cmd *cmdp;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	cmdp = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (!cmdp)
+		return RESP_BAD;
+
+	return get_cmd_result(ctx, cmdp);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+static int imap_exec_m(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+		       const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	struct imap_cmd *cmdp;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	cmdp = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (!cmdp)
+		return DRV_STORE_BAD;
+
+	switch (get_cmd_result(ctx, cmdp)) {
+	case RESP_BAD: return DRV_STORE_BAD;
+	case RESP_NO: return DRV_MSG_BAD;
+	default: return DRV_OK;
+	}
+}
+
+static int is_atom(struct imap_list *list)
+{
+	return list && list->val && list->val != NIL && list->val != LIST;
+}
+
+static int is_list(struct imap_list *list)
+{
+	return list && list->val == LIST;
+}
+
+static void free_list(struct imap_list *list)
+{
+	struct imap_list *tmp;
+
+	for (; list; list = tmp) {
+		tmp = list->next;
+		if (is_list(list))
+			free_list(list->child);
+		else if (is_atom(list))
+			free(list->val);
+		free(list);
+	}
+}
+
+static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **curp, int level)
+{
+	struct imap_list *cur;
+	char *s = *sp, *p;
+	int n, bytes;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		while (isspace((unsigned char)*s))
+			s++;
+		if (level && *s == ')') {
+			s++;
+			break;
+		}
+		*curp = cur = xmalloc(sizeof(*cur));
+		curp = &cur->next;
+		cur->val = NULL; /* for clean bail */
+		if (*s == '(') {
+			/* sublist */
+			s++;
+			cur->val = LIST;
+			if (parse_imap_list_l(imap, &s, &cur->child, level + 1))
+				goto bail;
+		} else if (imap && *s == '{') {
+			/* literal */
+			bytes = cur->len = strtol(s + 1, &s, 10);
+			if (*s != '}')
+				goto bail;
+
+			s = cur->val = xmalloc(cur->len);
+
+			/* dump whats left over in the input buffer */
+			n = imap->buf.bytes - imap->buf.offset;
+
+			if (n > bytes)
+				/* the entire message fit in the buffer */
+				n = bytes;
+
+			memcpy(s, imap->buf.buf + imap->buf.offset, n);
+			s += n;
+			bytes -= n;
+
+			/* mark that we used part of the buffer */
+			imap->buf.offset += n;
+
+			/* now read the rest of the message */
+			while (bytes > 0) {
+				if ((n = socket_read(&imap->buf.sock, s, bytes)) <= 0)
+					goto bail;
+				s += n;
+				bytes -= n;
+			}
+
+			if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &s))
+				goto bail;
+		} else if (*s == '"') {
+			/* quoted string */
+			s++;
+			p = s;
+			for (; *s != '"'; s++)
+				if (!*s)
+					goto bail;
+			cur->len = s - p;
+			s++;
+			cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
+		} else {
+			/* atom */
+			p = s;
+			for (; *s && !isspace((unsigned char)*s); s++)
+				if (level && *s == ')')
+					break;
+			cur->len = s - p;
+			if (cur->len == 3 && !memcmp("NIL", p, 3))
+				cur->val = NIL;
+			else
+				cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
+		}
+
+		if (!level)
+			break;
+		if (!*s)
+			goto bail;
+	}
+	*sp = s;
+	*curp = NULL;
+	return 0;
+
+bail:
+	*curp = NULL;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static struct imap_list *parse_imap_list(struct imap *imap, char **sp)
+{
+	struct imap_list *head;
+
+	if (!parse_imap_list_l(imap, sp, &head, 0))
+		return head;
+	free_list(head);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct imap_list *parse_list(char **sp)
+{
+	return parse_imap_list(NULL, sp);
+}
+
+static void parse_capability(struct imap *imap, char *cmd)
+{
+	char *arg;
+	unsigned i;
+
+	imap->caps = 0x80000000;
+	while ((arg = next_arg(&cmd)))
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cap_list); i++)
+			if (!strcmp(cap_list[i], arg))
+				imap->caps |= 1 << i;
+	imap->rcaps = imap->caps;
+}
+
+static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+			       char *s)
+{
+	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
+	char *arg, *p;
+
+	if (*s != '[')
+		return RESP_OK;		/* no response code */
+	s++;
+	if (!(p = strchr(s, ']'))) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed response code\n");
+		return RESP_BAD;
+	}
+	*p++ = 0;
+	arg = next_arg(&s);
+	if (!strcmp("UIDVALIDITY", arg)) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed UIDVALIDITY status\n");
+			return RESP_BAD;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp("UIDNEXT", arg)) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(imap->uidnext = atoi(arg))) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed NEXTUID status\n");
+			return RESP_BAD;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg)) {
+		parse_capability(imap, s);
+	} else if (!strcmp("ALERT", arg)) {
+		/* RFC2060 says that these messages MUST be displayed
+		 * to the user
+		 */
+		for (; isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
+		fprintf(stderr, "*** IMAP ALERT *** %s\n", p);
+	} else if (cb && cb->ctx && !strcmp("APPENDUID", arg)) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
+		    !(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(*(int *)cb->ctx = atoi(arg))) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed APPENDUID status\n");
+			return RESP_BAD;
+		}
+	}
+	return RESP_OK;
+}
+
+static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
+{
+	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
+	struct imap_cmd *cmdp, **pcmdp, *ncmdp;
+	char *cmd, *arg, *arg1, *p;
+	int n, resp, resp2, tag;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &cmd))
+			return RESP_BAD;
+
+		arg = next_arg(&cmd);
+		if (*arg == '*') {
+			arg = next_arg(&cmd);
+			if (!arg) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
+				return RESP_BAD;
+			}
+
+			if (!strcmp("NAMESPACE", arg)) {
+				imap->ns_personal = parse_list(&cmd);
+				imap->ns_other = parse_list(&cmd);
+				imap->ns_shared = parse_list(&cmd);
+			} else if (!strcmp("OK", arg) || !strcmp("BAD", arg) ||
+				   !strcmp("NO", arg) || !strcmp("BYE", arg)) {
+				if ((resp = parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, cmd)) != RESP_OK)
+					return resp;
+			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg))
+				parse_capability(imap, cmd);
+			else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
+				if (!strcmp("EXISTS", arg1))
+					ctx->gen.count = atoi(arg);
+				else if (!strcmp("RECENT", arg1))
+					ctx->gen.recent = atoi(arg);
+			} else {
+				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
+				return RESP_BAD;
+			}
+		} else if (!imap->in_progress) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unexpected reply: %s %s\n", arg, cmd ? cmd : "");
+			return RESP_BAD;
+		} else if (*arg == '+') {
+			/* This can happen only with the last command underway, as
+			   it enforces a round-trip. */
+			cmdp = (struct imap_cmd *)((char *)imap->in_progress_append -
+			       offsetof(struct imap_cmd, next));
+			if (cmdp->cb.data) {
+				n = socket_write(&imap->buf.sock, cmdp->cb.data, cmdp->cb.dlen);
+				free(cmdp->cb.data);
+				cmdp->cb.data = NULL;
+				if (n != (int)cmdp->cb.dlen)
+					return RESP_BAD;
+			} else if (cmdp->cb.cont) {
+				if (cmdp->cb.cont(ctx, cmdp, cmd))
+					return RESP_BAD;
+			} else {
+				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unexpected command continuation request\n");
+				return RESP_BAD;
+			}
+			if (socket_write(&imap->buf.sock, "\r\n", 2) != 2)
+				return RESP_BAD;
+			if (!cmdp->cb.cont)
+				imap->literal_pending = 0;
+			if (!tcmd)
+				return DRV_OK;
+		} else {
+			tag = atoi(arg);
+			for (pcmdp = &imap->in_progress; (cmdp = *pcmdp); pcmdp = &cmdp->next)
+				if (cmdp->tag == tag)
+					goto gottag;
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unexpected tag %s\n", arg);
+			return RESP_BAD;
+		gottag:
+			if (!(*pcmdp = cmdp->next))
+				imap->in_progress_append = pcmdp;
+			imap->num_in_progress--;
+			if (cmdp->cb.cont || cmdp->cb.data)
+				imap->literal_pending = 0;
+			arg = next_arg(&cmd);
+			if (!strcmp("OK", arg))
+				resp = DRV_OK;
+			else {
+				if (!strcmp("NO", arg)) {
+					if (cmdp->cb.create && cmd && (cmdp->cb.trycreate || !memcmp(cmd, "[TRYCREATE]", 11))) { /* SELECT, APPEND or UID COPY */
+						p = strchr(cmdp->cmd, '"');
+						if (!issue_imap_cmd(ctx, NULL, "CREATE \"%.*s\"", (int)(strchr(p + 1, '"') - p + 1), p)) {
+							resp = RESP_BAD;
+							goto normal;
+						}
+						/* not waiting here violates the spec, but a server that does not
+						   grok this nonetheless violates it too. */
+						cmdp->cb.create = 0;
+						if (!(ncmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, &cmdp->cb, "%s", cmdp->cmd))) {
+							resp = RESP_BAD;
+							goto normal;
+						}
+						free(cmdp->cmd);
+						free(cmdp);
+						if (!tcmd)
+							return 0;	/* ignored */
+						if (cmdp == tcmd)
+							tcmd = ncmdp;
+						continue;
+					}
+					resp = RESP_NO;
+				} else /*if (!strcmp("BAD", arg))*/
+					resp = RESP_BAD;
+				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP command '%s' returned response (%s) - %s\n",
+					 memcmp(cmdp->cmd, "LOGIN", 5) ?
+							cmdp->cmd : "LOGIN <user> <pass>",
+							arg, cmd ? cmd : "");
+			}
+			if ((resp2 = parse_response_code(ctx, &cmdp->cb, cmd)) > resp)
+				resp = resp2;
+		normal:
+			if (cmdp->cb.done)
+				cmdp->cb.done(ctx, cmdp, resp);
+			free(cmdp->cb.data);
+			free(cmdp->cmd);
+			free(cmdp);
+			if (!tcmd || tcmd == cmdp)
+				return resp;
+		}
+	}
+	/* not reached */
+}
+
+static void imap_close_server(struct imap_store *ictx)
+{
+	struct imap *imap = ictx->imap;
+
+	if (imap->buf.sock.fd[0] != -1) {
+		imap_exec(ictx, NULL, "LOGOUT");
+		socket_shutdown(&imap->buf.sock);
+	}
+	free_list(imap->ns_personal);
+	free_list(imap->ns_other);
+	free_list(imap->ns_shared);
+	free(imap);
+}
+
+static void imap_close_store(struct store *ctx)
+{
+	imap_close_server((struct imap_store *)ctx);
+	free_generic_messages(ctx->msgs);
+	free(ctx);
+}
+
+static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+{
+	struct imap_store *ctx;
+	struct imap *imap;
+	char *arg, *rsp;
+	int s = -1, preauth;
+
+	ctx = xcalloc(sizeof(*ctx), 1);
+
+	ctx->imap = imap = xcalloc(sizeof(*imap), 1);
+	imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = -1;
+	imap->in_progress_append = &imap->in_progress;
+
+	/* open connection to IMAP server */
+
+	if (srvc->tunnel) {
+		const char *argv[] = { srvc->tunnel, NULL };
+		struct child_process tunnel = {0};
+
+		imap_info("Starting tunnel '%s'... ", srvc->tunnel);
+
+		tunnel.argv = argv;
+		tunnel.use_shell = 1;
+		tunnel.in = -1;
+		tunnel.out = -1;
+		if (start_command(&tunnel))
+			die("cannot start proxy %s", argv[0]);
+
+		imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = tunnel.out;
+		imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = tunnel.in;
+
+		imap_info("ok\n");
+	} else {
+#ifndef NO_IPV6
+		struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
+		int gai;
+		char portstr[6];
+
+		snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%hu", srvc->port);
+
+		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+		hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+		hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+
+		imap_info("Resolving %s... ", srvc->host);
+		gai = getaddrinfo(srvc->host, portstr, &hints, &ai);
+		if (gai) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(gai));
+			goto bail;
+		}
+		imap_info("ok\n");
+
+		for (ai0 = ai; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
+			char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
+
+			s = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype,
+				   ai->ai_protocol);
+			if (s < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, addr,
+				    sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
+			imap_info("Connecting to [%s]:%s... ", addr, portstr);
+
+			if (connect(s, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
+				close(s);
+				s = -1;
+				perror("connect");
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			break;
+		}
+		freeaddrinfo(ai0);
+#else /* NO_IPV6 */
+		struct hostent *he;
+		struct sockaddr_in addr;
+
+		memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+		addr.sin_port = htons(srvc->port);
+		addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+
+		imap_info("Resolving %s... ", srvc->host);
+		he = gethostbyname(srvc->host);
+		if (!he) {
+			perror("gethostbyname");
+			goto bail;
+		}
+		imap_info("ok\n");
+
+		addr.sin_addr.s_addr = *((int *) he->h_addr_list[0]);
+
+		s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+
+		imap_info("Connecting to %s:%hu... ", inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr), ntohs(addr.sin_port));
+		if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr))) {
+			close(s);
+			s = -1;
+			perror("connect");
+		}
+#endif
+		if (s < 0) {
+			fputs("Error: unable to connect to server.\n", stderr);
+			goto bail;
+		}
+
+		imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = s;
+		imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = dup(s);
+
+		if (srvc->use_ssl &&
+		    ssl_socket_connect(&imap->buf.sock, 0, srvc->ssl_verify)) {
+			close(s);
+			goto bail;
+		}
+		imap_info("ok\n");
+	}
+
+	/* read the greeting string */
+	if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &rsp)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: no greeting response\n");
+		goto bail;
+	}
+	arg = next_arg(&rsp);
+	if (!arg || *arg != '*' || (arg = next_arg(&rsp)) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: invalid greeting response\n");
+		goto bail;
+	}
+	preauth = 0;
+	if (!strcmp("PREAUTH", arg))
+		preauth = 1;
+	else if (strcmp("OK", arg) != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unknown greeting response\n");
+		goto bail;
+	}
+	parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, rsp);
+	if (!imap->caps && imap_exec(ctx, NULL, "CAPABILITY") != RESP_OK)
+		goto bail;
+
+	if (!preauth) {
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+		if (!srvc->use_ssl && CAP(STARTTLS)) {
+			if (imap_exec(ctx, 0, "STARTTLS") != RESP_OK)
+				goto bail;
+			if (ssl_socket_connect(&imap->buf.sock, 1,
+					       srvc->ssl_verify))
+				goto bail;
+			/* capabilities may have changed, so get the new capabilities */
+			if (imap_exec(ctx, 0, "CAPABILITY") != RESP_OK)
+				goto bail;
+		}
+#endif
+		imap_info("Logging in...\n");
+		if (!srvc->user) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Skipping server %s, no user\n", srvc->host);
+			goto bail;
+		}
+		if (!srvc->pass) {
+			char prompt[80];
+			sprintf(prompt, "Password (%s@%s): ", srvc->user, srvc->host);
+			arg = getpass(prompt);
+			if (!arg) {
+				perror("getpass");
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if (!*arg) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, no password\n", srvc->user, srvc->host);
+				goto bail;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * getpass() returns a pointer to a static buffer.  make a copy
+			 * for long term storage.
+			 */
+			srvc->pass = xstrdup(arg);
+		}
+		if (CAP(NOLOGIN)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, server forbids LOGIN\n", srvc->user, srvc->host);
+			goto bail;
+		}
+		if (!imap->buf.sock.ssl)
+			imap_warn("*** IMAP Warning *** Password is being "
+				  "sent in the clear\n");
+		if (imap_exec(ctx, NULL, "LOGIN \"%s\" \"%s\"", srvc->user, srvc->pass) != RESP_OK) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: LOGIN failed\n");
+			goto bail;
+		}
+	} /* !preauth */
+
+	ctx->prefix = "";
+	ctx->trashnc = 1;
+	return (struct store *)ctx;
+
+bail:
+	imap_close_store(&ctx->gen);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int imap_make_flags(int flags, char *buf)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	unsigned i, d;
+
+	for (i = d = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(Flags); i++)
+		if (flags & (1 << i)) {
+			buf[d++] = ' ';
+			buf[d++] = '\\';
+			for (s = Flags[i]; *s; s++)
+				buf[d++] = *s;
+		}
+	buf[0] = '(';
+	buf[d++] = ')';
+	return d;
+}
+
+static int imap_store_msg(struct store *gctx, struct msg_data *data)
+{
+	struct imap_store *ctx = (struct imap_store *)gctx;
+	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
+	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
+	const char *prefix, *box;
+	int ret, d;
+	char flagstr[128];
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+
+	cb.dlen = data->len;
+	cb.data = xmalloc(cb.dlen);
+	memcpy(cb.data, data->data, data->len);
+
+	d = 0;
+	if (data->flags) {
+		d = imap_make_flags(data->flags, flagstr);
+		flagstr[d++] = ' ';
+	}
+	flagstr[d] = 0;
+
+	box = gctx->name;
+	prefix = !strcmp(box, "INBOX") ? "" : ctx->prefix;
+	cb.create = 0;
+	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" %s", prefix, box, flagstr);
+	imap->caps = imap->rcaps;
+	if (ret != DRV_OK)
+		return ret;
+	gctx->count++;
+
+	return DRV_OK;
+}
+
+static void encode_html_chars(struct strbuf *p)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++) {
+		if (p->buf[i] == '&')
+			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&amp;", 5);
+		if (p->buf[i] == '<')
+			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&lt;", 4);
+		if (p->buf[i] == '>')
+			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&gt;", 4);
+		if (p->buf[i] == '"')
+			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&quot;", 6);
+	}
+}
+static void wrap_in_html(struct msg_data *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **lines;
+	struct strbuf **p;
+	static char *content_type = "Content-Type: text/html;\n";
+	static char *pre_open = "<pre>\n";
+	static char *pre_close = "</pre>\n";
+	int added_header = 0;
+
+	strbuf_attach(&buf, msg->data, msg->len, msg->len);
+	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	for (p = lines; *p; p++) {
+		if (! added_header) {
+			if ((*p)->len == 1 && *((*p)->buf) == '\n') {
+				strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
+				strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
+				strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
+				added_header = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			encode_html_chars(*p);
+		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_close);
+	strbuf_list_free(lines);
+	msg->len  = buf.len;
+	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+#define CHUNKSIZE 0x1000
+
+static int read_message(FILE *f, struct msg_data *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(*msg));
+
+	do {
+		if (strbuf_fread(&buf, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
+			break;
+	} while (!feof(f));
+
+	msg->len  = buf.len;
+	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	return msg->len;
+}
+
+static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	char *p = msg->data;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(p, "From ")) {
+			count++;
+			p += 5;
+		}
+		p = strstr(p+5, "\nFrom ");
+		if (!p)
+			break;
+		p++;
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int split_msg(struct msg_data *all_msgs, struct msg_data *msg, int *ofs)
+{
+	char *p, *data;
+
+	memset(msg, 0, sizeof *msg);
+	if (*ofs >= all_msgs->len)
+		return 0;
+
+	data = &all_msgs->data[*ofs];
+	msg->len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
+
+	if (msg->len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
+		return 0;
+
+	p = strchr(data, '\n');
+	if (p) {
+		p = &p[1];
+		msg->len -= p-data;
+		*ofs += p-data;
+		data = p;
+	}
+
+	p = strstr(data, "\nFrom ");
+	if (p)
+		msg->len = &p[1] - data;
+
+	msg->data = xmemdupz(data, msg->len);
+	*ofs += msg->len;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct imap_server_conf server = {
+	NULL,	/* name */
+	NULL,	/* tunnel */
+	NULL,	/* host */
+	0,	/* port */
+	NULL,	/* user */
+	NULL,	/* pass */
+	0,   	/* use_ssl */
+	1,   	/* ssl_verify */
+	0,   	/* use_html */
+};
+
+static char *imap_folder;
+
+static int git_imap_config(const char *key, const char *val, void *cb)
+{
+	char imap_key[] = "imap.";
+
+	if (strncmp(key, imap_key, sizeof imap_key - 1))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!val)
+		return config_error_nonbool(key);
+
+	key += sizeof imap_key - 1;
+
+	if (!strcmp("folder", key)) {
+		imap_folder = xstrdup(val);
+	} else if (!strcmp("host", key)) {
+		if (!prefixcmp(val, "imap:"))
+			val += 5;
+		else if (!prefixcmp(val, "imaps:")) {
+			val += 6;
+			server.use_ssl = 1;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(val, "//"))
+			val += 2;
+		server.host = xstrdup(val);
+	} else if (!strcmp("user", key))
+		server.user = xstrdup(val);
+	else if (!strcmp("pass", key))
+		server.pass = xstrdup(val);
+	else if (!strcmp("port", key))
+		server.port = git_config_int(key, val);
+	else if (!strcmp("tunnel", key))
+		server.tunnel = xstrdup(val);
+	else if (!strcmp("sslverify", key))
+		server.ssl_verify = git_config_bool(key, val);
+	else if (!strcmp("preformattedHTML", key))
+		server.use_html = git_config_bool(key, val);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct msg_data all_msgs, msg;
+	struct store *ctx = NULL;
+	int ofs = 0;
+	int r;
+	int total, n = 0;
+	int nongit_ok;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage(imap_send_usage);
+
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
+	git_config(git_imap_config, NULL);
+
+	if (!server.port)
+		server.port = server.use_ssl ? 993 : 143;
+
+	if (!imap_folder) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "no imap store specified\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!server.host) {
+		if (!server.tunnel) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "no imap host specified\n");
+			return 1;
+		}
+		server.host = "tunnel";
+	}
+
+	/* read the messages */
+	if (!read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "nothing to send\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	total = count_messages(&all_msgs);
+	if (!total) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "no messages to send\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* write it to the imap server */
+	ctx = imap_open_store(&server);
+	if (!ctx) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "failed to open store\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
+	ctx->name = imap_folder;
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
+		if (!split_msg(&all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
+			break;
+		if (server.use_html)
+			wrap_in_html(&msg);
+		r = imap_store_msg(ctx, &msg);
+		if (r != DRV_OK)
+			break;
+		n++;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/levenshtein.c b/levenshtein.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc28159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/levenshtein.c
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "levenshtein.h"
+
+/*
+ * This function implements the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm to
+ * calculate a distance between strings.
+ *
+ * Basically, it says how many letters need to be swapped, substituted,
+ * deleted from, or added to string1, at least, to get string2.
+ *
+ * The idea is to build a distance matrix for the substrings of both
+ * strings.  To avoid a large space complexity, only the last three rows
+ * are kept in memory (if swaps had the same or higher cost as one deletion
+ * plus one insertion, only two rows would be needed).
+ *
+ * At any stage, "i + 1" denotes the length of the current substring of
+ * string1 that the distance is calculated for.
+ *
+ * row2 holds the current row, row1 the previous row (i.e. for the substring
+ * of string1 of length "i"), and row0 the row before that.
+ *
+ * In other words, at the start of the big loop, row2[j + 1] contains the
+ * Damerau-Levenshtein distance between the substring of string1 of length
+ * "i" and the substring of string2 of length "j + 1".
+ *
+ * All the big loop does is determine the partial minimum-cost paths.
+ *
+ * It does so by calculating the costs of the path ending in characters
+ * i (in string1) and j (in string2), respectively, given that the last
+ * operation is a substitution, a swap, a deletion, or an insertion.
+ *
+ * This implementation allows the costs to be weighted:
+ *
+ * - w (as in "sWap")
+ * - s (as in "Substitution")
+ * - a (for insertion, AKA "Add")
+ * - d (as in "Deletion")
+ *
+ * Note that this algorithm calculates a distance _iff_ d == a.
+ */
+int levenshtein(const char *string1, const char *string2,
+		int w, int s, int a, int d)
+{
+	int len1 = strlen(string1), len2 = strlen(string2);
+	int *row0 = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (len2 + 1));
+	int *row1 = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (len2 + 1));
+	int *row2 = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * (len2 + 1));
+	int i, j;
+
+	for (j = 0; j <= len2; j++)
+		row1[j] = j * a;
+	for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
+		int *dummy;
+
+		row2[0] = (i + 1) * d;
+		for (j = 0; j < len2; j++) {
+			/* substitution */
+			row2[j + 1] = row1[j] + s * (string1[i] != string2[j]);
+			/* swap */
+			if (i > 0 && j > 0 && string1[i - 1] == string2[j] &&
+					string1[i] == string2[j - 1] &&
+					row2[j + 1] > row0[j - 1] + w)
+				row2[j + 1] = row0[j - 1] + w;
+			/* deletion */
+			if (row2[j + 1] > row1[j + 1] + d)
+				row2[j + 1] = row1[j + 1] + d;
+			/* insertion */
+			if (row2[j + 1] > row2[j] + a)
+				row2[j + 1] = row2[j] + a;
+		}
+
+		dummy = row0;
+		row0 = row1;
+		row1 = row2;
+		row2 = dummy;
+	}
+
+	i = row1[len2];
+	free(row0);
+	free(row1);
+	free(row2);
+
+	return i;
+}
diff --git a/levenshtein.h b/levenshtein.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0173abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/levenshtein.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef LEVENSHTEIN_H
+#define LEVENSHTEIN_H
+
+int levenshtein(const char *string1, const char *string2,
+	int swap_penalty, int substition_penalty,
+	int insertion_penalty, int deletion_penalty);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/list-objects.c b/list-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8953548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/list-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+
+static void process_blob(struct rev_info *revs,
+			 struct blob *blob,
+			 show_object_fn show,
+			 struct name_path *path,
+			 const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
+
+	if (!revs->blob_objects)
+		return;
+	if (!obj)
+		die("bad blob object");
+	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	show(obj, path, name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Processing a gitlink entry currently does nothing, since
+ * we do not recurse into the subproject.
+ *
+ * We *could* eventually add a flag that actually does that,
+ * which would involve:
+ *  - is the subproject actually checked out?
+ *  - if so, see if the subproject has already been added
+ *    to the alternates list, and add it if not.
+ *  - process the commit (or tag) the gitlink points to
+ *    recursively.
+ *
+ * However, it's unclear whether there is really ever any
+ * reason to see superprojects and subprojects as such a
+ * "unified" object pool (potentially resulting in a totally
+ * humongous pack - avoiding which was the whole point of
+ * having gitlinks in the first place!).
+ *
+ * So for now, there is just a note that we *could* follow
+ * the link, and how to do it. Whether it necessarily makes
+ * any sense what-so-ever to ever do that is another issue.
+ */
+static void process_gitlink(struct rev_info *revs,
+			    const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    show_object_fn show,
+			    struct name_path *path,
+			    const char *name)
+{
+	/* Nothing to do */
+}
+
+static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
+			 struct tree *tree,
+			 show_object_fn show,
+			 struct name_path *path,
+			 const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	struct name_path me;
+
+	if (!revs->tree_objects)
+		return;
+	if (!obj)
+		die("bad tree object");
+	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
+		return;
+	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
+		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	show(obj, path, name);
+	me.up = path;
+	me.elem = name;
+	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
+			process_tree(revs,
+				     lookup_tree(entry.sha1),
+				     show, &me, entry.path);
+		else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
+			process_gitlink(revs, entry.sha1,
+					show, &me, entry.path);
+		else
+			process_blob(revs,
+				     lookup_blob(entry.sha1),
+				     show, &me, entry.path);
+	}
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
+					    struct rev_info *revs,
+					    show_edge_fn show_edge)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	for (parents = commit->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+		if (!(parent->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			continue;
+		mark_tree_uninteresting(parent->tree);
+		if (revs->edge_hint && !(parent->object.flags & SHOWN)) {
+			parent->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+			show_edge(parent);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *list,
+			      struct rev_info *revs,
+			      show_edge_fn show_edge)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			continue;
+		}
+		mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(commit, revs, show_edge);
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_pending_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct tree *tree)
+{
+	add_pending_object(revs, &tree->object, "");
+}
+
+void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+			  show_commit_fn show_commit,
+			  show_object_fn show_object,
+			  void *data)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL) {
+		add_pending_tree(revs, commit->tree);
+		show_commit(commit, data);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *pending = revs->pending.objects + i;
+		struct object *obj = pending->item;
+		const char *name = pending->name;
+		if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
+			continue;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			obj->flags |= SEEN;
+			show_object(obj, NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+			process_tree(revs, (struct tree *)obj, show_object,
+				     NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			process_blob(revs, (struct blob *)obj, show_object,
+				     NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)",
+		    sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	}
+	if (revs->pending.nr) {
+		free(revs->pending.objects);
+		revs->pending.nr = 0;
+		revs->pending.alloc = 0;
+		revs->pending.objects = NULL;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/list-objects.h b/list-objects.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d65dbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/list-objects.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef LIST_OBJECTS_H
+#define LIST_OBJECTS_H
+
+typedef void (*show_commit_fn)(struct commit *, void *);
+typedef void (*show_object_fn)(struct object *, const struct name_path *, const char *);
+typedef void (*show_edge_fn)(struct commit *);
+
+void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *, show_commit_fn, show_object_fn, void *);
+
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *, struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c7f11b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+/*
+ * Low level 3-way in-core file merge.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+
+struct ll_merge_driver;
+
+typedef int (*ll_merge_fn)(const struct ll_merge_driver *,
+			   mmbuffer_t *result,
+			   const char *path,
+			   mmfile_t *orig,
+			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
+			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
+			   int flag,
+			   int marker_size);
+
+struct ll_merge_driver {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *description;
+	ll_merge_fn fn;
+	const char *recursive;
+	struct ll_merge_driver *next;
+	char *cmdline;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Built-in low-levels
+ */
+static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
+			   mmbuffer_t *result,
+			   const char *path_unused,
+			   mmfile_t *orig,
+			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
+			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
+			   int flag, int marker_size)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The tentative merge result is "ours" for the final round,
+	 * or common ancestor for an internal merge.  Still return
+	 * "conflicted merge" status.
+	 */
+	mmfile_t *stolen = (flag & 01) ? orig : src1;
+
+	result->ptr = stolen->ptr;
+	result->size = stolen->size;
+	stolen->ptr = NULL;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
+			mmbuffer_t *result,
+			const char *path,
+			mmfile_t *orig,
+			mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
+			mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
+			int flag, int marker_size)
+{
+	xmparam_t xmp;
+	int style = 0;
+	int favor = (flag >> 1) & 03;
+
+	if (buffer_is_binary(orig->ptr, orig->size) ||
+	    buffer_is_binary(src1->ptr, src1->size) ||
+	    buffer_is_binary(src2->ptr, src2->size)) {
+		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)\n",
+			path, name1, name2);
+		return ll_binary_merge(drv_unused, result,
+				       path,
+				       orig, src1, name1,
+				       src2, name2,
+				       flag, marker_size);
+	}
+
+	memset(&xmp, 0, sizeof(xmp));
+	if (git_xmerge_style >= 0)
+		style = git_xmerge_style;
+	if (marker_size > 0)
+		xmp.marker_size = marker_size;
+	return xdl_merge(orig,
+			 src1, name1,
+			 src2, name2,
+			 &xmp, XDL_MERGE_FLAGS(XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS, style, favor),
+			 result);
+}
+
+static int ll_union_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
+			  mmbuffer_t *result,
+			  const char *path_unused,
+			  mmfile_t *orig,
+			  mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
+			  mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
+			  int flag, int marker_size)
+{
+	char *src, *dst;
+	long size;
+	int status, saved_style;
+
+	/* We have to force the RCS "merge" style */
+	saved_style = git_xmerge_style;
+	git_xmerge_style = 0;
+	status = ll_xdl_merge(drv_unused, result, path_unused,
+			      orig, src1, NULL, src2, NULL,
+			      flag, marker_size);
+	git_xmerge_style = saved_style;
+	if (status <= 0)
+		return status;
+	size = result->size;
+	src = dst = result->ptr;
+	while (size) {
+		char ch;
+		if ((marker_size < size) &&
+		    (*src == '<' || *src == '=' || *src == '>')) {
+			int i;
+			ch = *src;
+			for (i = 0; i < marker_size; i++)
+				if (src[i] != ch)
+					goto not_a_marker;
+			if (src[marker_size] != '\n')
+				goto not_a_marker;
+			src += marker_size + 1;
+			size -= marker_size + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+	not_a_marker:
+		do {
+			ch = *src++;
+			*dst++ = ch;
+			size--;
+		} while (ch != '\n' && size);
+	}
+	result->size = dst - result->ptr;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define LL_BINARY_MERGE 0
+#define LL_TEXT_MERGE 1
+#define LL_UNION_MERGE 2
+static struct ll_merge_driver ll_merge_drv[] = {
+	{ "binary", "built-in binary merge", ll_binary_merge },
+	{ "text", "built-in 3-way text merge", ll_xdl_merge },
+	{ "union", "built-in union merge", ll_union_merge },
+};
+
+static void create_temp(mmfile_t *src, char *path)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	strcpy(path, ".merge_file_XXXXXX");
+	fd = xmkstemp(path);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, src->ptr, src->size) != src->size)
+		die_errno("unable to write temp-file");
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * User defined low-level merge driver support.
+ */
+static int ll_ext_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *fn,
+			mmbuffer_t *result,
+			const char *path,
+			mmfile_t *orig,
+			mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
+			mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
+			int flag, int marker_size)
+{
+	char temp[4][50];
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[] = {
+		{ "O", temp[0] },
+		{ "A", temp[1] },
+		{ "B", temp[2] },
+		{ "L", temp[3] },
+		{ NULL }
+	};
+	const char *args[] = { NULL, NULL };
+	int status, fd, i;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fn->cmdline == NULL)
+		die("custom merge driver %s lacks command line.", fn->name);
+
+	result->ptr = NULL;
+	result->size = 0;
+	create_temp(orig, temp[0]);
+	create_temp(src1, temp[1]);
+	create_temp(src2, temp[2]);
+	sprintf(temp[3], "%d", marker_size);
+
+	strbuf_expand(&cmd, fn->cmdline, strbuf_expand_dict_cb, &dict);
+
+	args[0] = cmd.buf;
+	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+	fd = open(temp[1], O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		goto bad;
+	if (fstat(fd, &st))
+		goto close_bad;
+	result->size = st.st_size;
+	result->ptr = xmalloc(result->size + 1);
+	if (read_in_full(fd, result->ptr, result->size) != result->size) {
+		free(result->ptr);
+		result->ptr = NULL;
+		result->size = 0;
+	}
+ close_bad:
+	close(fd);
+ bad:
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		unlink_or_warn(temp[i]);
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * merge.default and merge.driver configuration items
+ */
+static struct ll_merge_driver *ll_user_merge, **ll_user_merge_tail;
+static const char *default_ll_merge;
+
+static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
+	const char *ep, *name;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default")) {
+		if (value)
+			default_ll_merge = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We are not interested in anything but "merge.<name>.variable";
+	 * especially, we do not want to look at variables such as
+	 * "merge.summary", "merge.tool", and "merge.verbosity".
+	 */
+	if (prefixcmp(var, "merge.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 5)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find existing one as we might be processing merge.<name>.var2
+	 * after seeing merge.<name>.var1.
+	 */
+	name = var + 6;
+	namelen = ep - name;
+	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
+		if (!strncmp(fn->name, name, namelen) && !fn->name[namelen])
+			break;
+	if (!fn) {
+		fn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ll_merge_driver));
+		fn->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		fn->fn = ll_ext_merge;
+		*ll_user_merge_tail = fn;
+		ll_user_merge_tail = &(fn->next);
+	}
+
+	ep++;
+
+	if (!strcmp("name", ep)) {
+		if (!value)
+			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
+		fn->description = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("driver", ep)) {
+		if (!value)
+			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
+		/*
+		 * merge.<name>.driver specifies the command line:
+		 *
+		 *	command-line
+		 *
+		 * The command-line will be interpolated with the following
+		 * tokens and is given to the shell:
+		 *
+		 *    %O - temporary file name for the merge base.
+		 *    %A - temporary file name for our version.
+		 *    %B - temporary file name for the other branches' version.
+		 *    %L - conflict marker length
+		 *
+		 * The external merge driver should write the results in the
+		 * file named by %A, and signal that it has done with zero exit
+		 * status.
+		 */
+		fn->cmdline = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp("recursive", ep)) {
+		if (!value)
+			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
+		fn->recursive = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void initialize_ll_merge(void)
+{
+	if (ll_user_merge_tail)
+		return;
+	ll_user_merge_tail = &ll_user_merge;
+	git_config(read_merge_config, NULL);
+}
+
+static const struct ll_merge_driver *find_ll_merge_driver(const char *merge_attr)
+{
+	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
+	const char *name;
+	int i;
+
+	initialize_ll_merge();
+
+	if (ATTR_TRUE(merge_attr))
+		return &ll_merge_drv[LL_TEXT_MERGE];
+	else if (ATTR_FALSE(merge_attr))
+		return &ll_merge_drv[LL_BINARY_MERGE];
+	else if (ATTR_UNSET(merge_attr)) {
+		if (!default_ll_merge)
+			return &ll_merge_drv[LL_TEXT_MERGE];
+		else
+			name = default_ll_merge;
+	}
+	else
+		name = merge_attr;
+
+	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
+		if (!strcmp(fn->name, name))
+			return fn;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ll_merge_drv); i++)
+		if (!strcmp(ll_merge_drv[i].name, name))
+			return &ll_merge_drv[i];
+
+	/* default to the 3-way */
+	return &ll_merge_drv[LL_TEXT_MERGE];
+}
+
+static int git_path_check_merge(const char *path, struct git_attr_check check[2])
+{
+	if (!check[0].attr) {
+		check[0].attr = git_attr("merge");
+		check[1].attr = git_attr("conflict-marker-size");
+	}
+	return git_checkattr(path, 2, check);
+}
+
+int ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
+	     const char *path,
+	     mmfile_t *ancestor,
+	     mmfile_t *ours, const char *our_label,
+	     mmfile_t *theirs, const char *their_label,
+	     int flag)
+{
+	static struct git_attr_check check[2];
+	const char *ll_driver_name = NULL;
+	int marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
+	const struct ll_merge_driver *driver;
+	int virtual_ancestor = flag & 01;
+
+	if (!git_path_check_merge(path, check)) {
+		ll_driver_name = check[0].value;
+		if (check[1].value) {
+			marker_size = atoi(check[1].value);
+			if (marker_size <= 0)
+				marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
+		}
+	}
+	driver = find_ll_merge_driver(ll_driver_name);
+	if (virtual_ancestor && driver->recursive)
+		driver = find_ll_merge_driver(driver->recursive);
+	return driver->fn(driver, result_buf, path, ancestor,
+			  ours, our_label, theirs, their_label,
+			  flag, marker_size);
+}
+
+int ll_merge_marker_size(const char *path)
+{
+	static struct git_attr_check check;
+	int marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
+
+	if (!check.attr)
+		check.attr = git_attr("conflict-marker-size");
+	if (!git_checkattr(path, 1, &check) && check.value) {
+		marker_size = atoi(check.value);
+		if (marker_size <= 0)
+			marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
+	}
+	return marker_size;
+}
diff --git a/ll-merge.h b/ll-merge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5788922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ll-merge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/*
+ * Low level 3-way in-core file merge.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LL_MERGE_H
+#define LL_MERGE_H
+
+int ll_merge(mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
+	     const char *path,
+	     mmfile_t *ancestor,
+	     mmfile_t *ours, const char *our_label,
+	     mmfile_t *theirs, const char *their_label,
+	     int flag);
+
+int ll_merge_marker_size(const char *path);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lockfile.c b/lockfile.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0d74cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lockfile.c
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, Junio C Hamano
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+
+static struct lock_file *lock_file_list;
+static const char *alternate_index_output;
+
+static void remove_lock_file(void)
+{
+	pid_t me = getpid();
+
+	while (lock_file_list) {
+		if (lock_file_list->owner == me &&
+		    lock_file_list->filename[0]) {
+			if (lock_file_list->fd >= 0)
+				close(lock_file_list->fd);
+			unlink_or_warn(lock_file_list->filename);
+		}
+		lock_file_list = lock_file_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_lock_file_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_lock_file();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * p = absolute or relative path name
+ *
+ * Return a pointer into p showing the beginning of the last path name
+ * element.  If p is empty or the root directory ("/"), just return p.
+ */
+static char *last_path_elm(char *p)
+{
+	/* r starts pointing to null at the end of the string */
+	char *r = strchr(p, '\0');
+
+	if (r == p)
+		return p; /* just return empty string */
+
+	r--; /* back up to last non-null character */
+
+	/* back up past trailing slashes, if any */
+	while (r > p && *r == '/')
+		r--;
+
+	/*
+	 * then go backwards until I hit a slash, or the beginning of
+	 * the string
+	 */
+	while (r > p && *(r-1) != '/')
+		r--;
+	return r;
+}
+
+
+/* We allow "recursive" symbolic links. Only within reason, though */
+#define MAXDEPTH 5
+
+/*
+ * p = path that may be a symlink
+ * s = full size of p
+ *
+ * If p is a symlink, attempt to overwrite p with a path to the real
+ * file or directory (which may or may not exist), following a chain of
+ * symlinks if necessary.  Otherwise, leave p unmodified.
+ *
+ * This is a best-effort routine.  If an error occurs, p will either be
+ * left unmodified or will name a different symlink in a symlink chain
+ * that started with p's initial contents.
+ *
+ * Always returns p.
+ */
+
+static char *resolve_symlink(char *p, size_t s)
+{
+	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
+
+	while (depth--) {
+		char link[PATH_MAX];
+		int link_len = readlink(p, link, sizeof(link));
+		if (link_len < 0) {
+			/* not a symlink anymore */
+			return p;
+		}
+		else if (link_len < sizeof(link))
+			/* readlink() never null-terminates */
+			link[link_len] = '\0';
+		else {
+			warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
+			return p;
+		}
+
+		if (is_absolute_path(link)) {
+			/* absolute path simply replaces p */
+			if (link_len < s)
+				strcpy(p, link);
+			else {
+				warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
+				return p;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * link is a relative path, so I must replace the
+			 * last element of p with it.
+			 */
+			char *r = (char *)last_path_elm(p);
+			if (r - p + link_len < s)
+				strcpy(r, link);
+			else {
+				warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
+				return p;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+
+
+static int lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
+{
+	if (strlen(path) >= sizeof(lk->filename))
+		return -1;
+	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
+	/*
+	 * subtract 5 from size to make sure there's room for adding
+	 * ".lock" for the lock file name
+	 */
+	if (!(flags & LOCK_NODEREF))
+		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, sizeof(lk->filename)-5);
+	strcat(lk->filename, ".lock");
+	lk->fd = open(lk->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+	if (0 <= lk->fd) {
+		if (!lock_file_list) {
+			sigchain_push_common(remove_lock_file_on_signal);
+			atexit(remove_lock_file);
+		}
+		lk->owner = getpid();
+		if (!lk->on_list) {
+			lk->next = lock_file_list;
+			lock_file_list = lk;
+			lk->on_list = 1;
+		}
+		if (adjust_shared_perm(lk->filename))
+			return error("cannot fix permission bits on %s",
+				     lk->filename);
+	}
+	else
+		lk->filename[0] = 0;
+	return lk->fd;
+}
+
+static char *unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (err == EEXIST) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n\n"
+		    "If no other git process is currently running, this probably means a\n"
+		    "git process crashed in this repository earlier. Make sure no other git\n"
+		    "process is running and remove the file manually to continue.",
+			    make_nonrelative_path(path), strerror(err));
+	} else
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s",
+			    make_nonrelative_path(path), strerror(err));
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+int unable_to_lock_error(const char *path, int err)
+{
+	char *msg = unable_to_lock_message(path, err);
+	error("%s", msg);
+	free(msg);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+NORETURN void unable_to_lock_index_die(const char *path, int err)
+{
+	die("%s", unable_to_lock_message(path, err));
+}
+
+int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
+{
+	int fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
+	if (fd < 0 && (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR))
+		unable_to_lock_index_die(path, errno);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
+{
+	int fd, orig_fd;
+
+	fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
+			unable_to_lock_index_die(path, errno);
+		return fd;
+	}
+
+	orig_fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (orig_fd < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT) {
+			if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
+				die("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
+			close(fd);
+			return error("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
+		}
+	} else if (copy_fd(orig_fd, fd)) {
+		if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
+			exit(128);
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
+
+int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	int fd = lk->fd;
+	lk->fd = -1;
+	return close(fd);
+}
+
+int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	char result_file[PATH_MAX];
+	size_t i;
+	if (lk->fd >= 0 && close_lock_file(lk))
+		return -1;
+	strcpy(result_file, lk->filename);
+	i = strlen(result_file) - 5; /* .lock */
+	result_file[i] = 0;
+	if (rename(lk->filename, result_file))
+		return -1;
+	lk->filename[0] = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk, int die_on_error)
+{
+	return hold_lock_file_for_update(lk, get_index_file(),
+					 die_on_error
+					 ? LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR
+					 : 0);
+}
+
+void set_alternate_index_output(const char *name)
+{
+	alternate_index_output = name;
+}
+
+int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	if (alternate_index_output) {
+		if (lk->fd >= 0 && close_lock_file(lk))
+			return -1;
+		if (rename(lk->filename, alternate_index_output))
+			return -1;
+		lk->filename[0] = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else
+		return commit_lock_file(lk);
+}
+
+void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	if (lk->filename[0]) {
+		if (lk->fd >= 0)
+			close(lk->fd);
+		unlink_or_warn(lk->filename);
+	}
+	lk->filename[0] = 0;
+}
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27afcf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "reflog-walk.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
+
+static void add_name_decoration(const char *prefix, const char *name, struct object *obj)
+{
+	int plen = strlen(prefix);
+	int nlen = strlen(name);
+	struct name_decoration *res = xmalloc(sizeof(struct name_decoration) + plen + nlen);
+	memcpy(res->name, prefix, plen);
+	memcpy(res->name + plen, name, nlen + 1);
+	res->next = add_decoration(&name_decoration, obj, res);
+}
+
+static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return 0;
+	if (!cb_data || *(int *)cb_data == DECORATE_SHORT_REFS)
+		refname = prettify_refname(refname);
+	add_name_decoration("", refname, obj);
+	while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		obj = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged;
+		if (!obj)
+			break;
+		add_name_decoration("tag: ", refname, obj);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void load_ref_decorations(int flags)
+{
+	static int loaded;
+	if (!loaded) {
+		loaded = 1;
+		for_each_ref(add_ref_decoration, &flags);
+		head_ref(add_ref_decoration, &flags);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_parents(struct commit *commit, int abbrev)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	for (p = commit->parents; p ; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		printf(" %s", find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1, abbrev));
+	}
+}
+
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct name_decoration *decoration;
+
+	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
+		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
+	if (!opt->show_decorations)
+		return;
+	decoration = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
+	if (!decoration)
+		return;
+	prefix = " (";
+	while (decoration) {
+		printf("%s%s", prefix, decoration->name);
+		prefix = ", ";
+		decoration = decoration->next;
+	}
+	putchar(')');
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search for "^[-A-Za-z]+: [^@]+@" pattern. It usually matches
+ * Signed-off-by: and Acked-by: lines.
+ */
+static int detect_any_signoff(char *letter, int size)
+{
+	char *cp;
+	int seen_colon = 0;
+	int seen_at = 0;
+	int seen_name = 0;
+	int seen_head = 0;
+
+	cp = letter + size;
+	while (letter <= --cp && *cp == '\n')
+		continue;
+
+	while (letter <= cp) {
+		char ch = *cp--;
+		if (ch == '\n')
+			break;
+
+		if (!seen_at) {
+			if (ch == '@')
+				seen_at = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!seen_colon) {
+			if (ch == '@')
+				return 0;
+			else if (ch == ':')
+				seen_colon = 1;
+			else
+				seen_name = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
+		    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
+		    ch == '-') {
+			seen_head = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* no empty last line doesn't match */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return seen_head && seen_name;
+}
+
+static void append_signoff(struct strbuf *sb, const char *signoff)
+{
+	static const char signed_off_by[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+	size_t signoff_len = strlen(signoff);
+	int has_signoff = 0;
+	char *cp;
+
+	cp = sb->buf;
+
+	/* First see if we already have the sign-off by the signer */
+	while ((cp = strstr(cp, signed_off_by))) {
+
+		has_signoff = 1;
+
+		cp += strlen(signed_off_by);
+		if (cp + signoff_len >= sb->buf + sb->len)
+			break;
+		if (strncmp(cp, signoff, signoff_len))
+			continue;
+		if (!isspace(cp[signoff_len]))
+			continue;
+		/* we already have him */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!has_signoff)
+		has_signoff = detect_any_signoff(sb->buf, sb->len);
+
+	if (!has_signoff)
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, signed_off_by);
+	strbuf_add(sb, signoff, signoff_len);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+}
+
+static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
+{
+	unsigned int i = 10, result = 1;
+	while (i <= number) {
+		i *= 10;
+		result++;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, int nr, const char *suffix,
+			struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	int suffix_len = strlen(suffix) + 1;
+	int start_len = buf->len;
+
+	strbuf_addf(buf, commit ? "%04d-" : "%d", nr);
+	if (commit) {
+		int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len;
+		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%f", buf, &ctx);
+		if (max_len < buf->len)
+			strbuf_setlen(buf, max_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
+	}
+}
+
+void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
+			     const char **subject_p,
+			     const char **extra_headers_p,
+			     int *need_8bit_cte_p)
+{
+	const char *subject = NULL;
+	const char *extra_headers = opt->extra_headers;
+	const char *name = sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
+
+	*need_8bit_cte_p = 0; /* unknown */
+	if (opt->total > 0) {
+		static char buffer[64];
+		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+			 "Subject: [%s %0*d/%d] ",
+			 opt->subject_prefix,
+			 digits_in_number(opt->total),
+			 opt->nr, opt->total);
+		subject = buffer;
+	} else if (opt->total == 0 && opt->subject_prefix && *opt->subject_prefix) {
+		static char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+			 "Subject: [%s] ",
+			 opt->subject_prefix);
+		subject = buffer;
+	} else {
+		subject = "Subject: ";
+	}
+
+	printf("From %s Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001\n", name);
+	graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
+	if (opt->message_id) {
+		printf("Message-Id: <%s>\n", opt->message_id);
+		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
+	}
+	if (opt->ref_message_ids && opt->ref_message_ids->nr > 0) {
+		int i, n;
+		n = opt->ref_message_ids->nr;
+		printf("In-Reply-To: <%s>\n", opt->ref_message_ids->items[n-1].string);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			printf("%s<%s>\n", (i > 0 ? "\t" : "References: "),
+			       opt->ref_message_ids->items[i].string);
+		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
+	}
+	if (opt->mime_boundary) {
+		static char subject_buffer[1024];
+		static char buffer[1024];
+		struct strbuf filename =  STRBUF_INIT;
+		*need_8bit_cte_p = -1; /* NEVER */
+		snprintf(subject_buffer, sizeof(subject_buffer) - 1,
+			 "%s"
+			 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+			 "Content-Type: multipart/mixed;"
+			 " boundary=\"%s%s\"\n"
+			 "\n"
+			 "This is a multi-part message in MIME "
+			 "format.\n"
+			 "--%s%s\n"
+			 "Content-Type: text/plain; "
+			 "charset=UTF-8; format=fixed\n"
+			 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n\n",
+			 extra_headers ? extra_headers : "",
+			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary,
+			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary);
+		extra_headers = subject_buffer;
+
+		get_patch_filename(opt->numbered_files ? NULL : commit, opt->nr,
+				    opt->patch_suffix, &filename);
+		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
+			 "\n--%s%s\n"
+			 "Content-Type: text/x-patch;"
+			 " name=\"%s\"\n"
+			 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+			 "Content-Disposition: %s;"
+			 " filename=\"%s\"\n\n",
+			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary,
+			 filename.buf,
+			 opt->no_inline ? "attachment" : "inline",
+			 filename.buf);
+		opt->diffopt.stat_sep = buffer;
+		strbuf_release(&filename);
+	}
+	*subject_p = subject;
+	*extra_headers_p = extra_headers;
+}
+
+void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
+{
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct log_info *log = opt->loginfo;
+	struct commit *commit = log->commit, *parent = log->parent;
+	int abbrev_commit = opt->abbrev_commit ? opt->abbrev : 40;
+	const char *extra_headers = opt->extra_headers;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+
+	opt->loginfo = NULL;
+	ctx.show_notes = opt->show_notes;
+	if (!opt->verbose_header) {
+		graph_show_commit(opt->graph);
+
+		if (!opt->graph) {
+			if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
+				putchar('-');
+			else if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				putchar('^');
+			else if (opt->left_right) {
+				if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+					putchar('<');
+				else
+					putchar('>');
+			}
+		}
+		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev_commit), stdout);
+		if (opt->print_parents)
+			show_parents(commit, abbrev_commit);
+		show_decorations(opt, commit);
+		if (opt->graph && !graph_is_commit_finished(opt->graph)) {
+			putchar('\n');
+			graph_show_remainder(opt->graph);
+		}
+		putchar(opt->diffopt.line_termination);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If use_terminator is set, we already handled any record termination
+	 * at the end of the last record.
+	 * Otherwise, add a diffopt.line_termination character before all
+	 * entries but the first.  (IOW, as a separator between entries)
+	 */
+	if (opt->shown_one && !opt->use_terminator) {
+		/*
+		 * If entries are separated by a newline, the output
+		 * should look human-readable.  If the last entry ended
+		 * with a newline, print the graph output before this
+		 * newline.  Otherwise it will end up as a completely blank
+		 * line and will look like a gap in the graph.
+		 *
+		 * If the entry separator is not a newline, the output is
+		 * primarily intended for programmatic consumption, and we
+		 * never want the extra graph output before the entry
+		 * separator.
+		 */
+		if (opt->diffopt.line_termination == '\n' &&
+		    !opt->missing_newline)
+			graph_show_padding(opt->graph);
+		putchar(opt->diffopt.line_termination);
+	}
+	opt->shown_one = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the history graph was requested,
+	 * print the graph, up to this commit's line
+	 */
+	graph_show_commit(opt->graph);
+
+	/*
+	 * Print header line of header..
+	 */
+
+	if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+		log_write_email_headers(opt, commit, &ctx.subject, &extra_headers,
+					&ctx.need_8bit_cte);
+	} else if (opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) {
+		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT), stdout);
+		if (opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+			fputs("commit ", stdout);
+
+		if (!opt->graph) {
+			if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
+				putchar('-');
+			else if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				putchar('^');
+			else if (opt->left_right) {
+				if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+					putchar('<');
+				else
+					putchar('>');
+			}
+		}
+		fputs(find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, abbrev_commit),
+		      stdout);
+		if (opt->print_parents)
+			show_parents(commit, abbrev_commit);
+		if (parent)
+			printf(" (from %s)",
+			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1,
+						  abbrev_commit));
+		show_decorations(opt, commit);
+		printf("%s", diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
+		if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+			putchar(' ');
+		} else {
+			putchar('\n');
+			graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
+		}
+		if (opt->reflog_info) {
+			/*
+			 * setup_revisions() ensures that opt->reflog_info
+			 * and opt->graph cannot both be set,
+			 * so we don't need to worry about printing the
+			 * graph info here.
+			 */
+			show_reflog_message(opt->reflog_info,
+				    opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
+				    opt->date_mode_explicit ?
+					opt->date_mode :
+					DATE_NORMAL);
+			if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+				return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!commit->buffer)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
+	 */
+	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0)
+		ctx.need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
+	ctx.date_mode = opt->date_mode;
+	ctx.abbrev = opt->diffopt.abbrev;
+	ctx.after_subject = extra_headers;
+	ctx.reflog_info = opt->reflog_info;
+	pretty_print_commit(opt->commit_format, commit, &msgbuf, &ctx);
+
+	if (opt->add_signoff)
+		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
+	if (opt->show_log_size) {
+		printf("log size %i\n", (int)msgbuf.len);
+		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set opt->missing_newline if msgbuf doesn't
+	 * end in a newline (including if it is empty)
+	 */
+	if (!msgbuf.len || msgbuf.buf[msgbuf.len - 1] != '\n')
+		opt->missing_newline = 1;
+	else
+		opt->missing_newline = 0;
+
+	if (opt->graph)
+		graph_show_commit_msg(opt->graph, &msgbuf);
+	else
+		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
+	if (opt->use_terminator) {
+		if (!opt->missing_newline)
+			graph_show_padding(opt->graph);
+		putchar('\n');
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+}
+
+int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
+{
+	diffcore_std(&opt->diffopt);
+
+	if (diff_queue_is_empty()) {
+		int saved_fmt = opt->diffopt.output_format;
+		opt->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+		diff_flush(&opt->diffopt);
+		opt->diffopt.output_format = saved_fmt;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (opt->loginfo && !opt->no_commit_id) {
+		/* When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
+		 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
+		 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
+		 * output for readability.
+		 */
+		show_log(opt);
+		if ((opt->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT) &&
+		    opt->verbose_header &&
+		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+			int pch = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+			if ((pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
+				printf("---");
+			putchar('\n');
+		}
+	}
+	diff_flush(&opt->diffopt);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int do_diff_combined(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+
+	diff_tree_combined_merge(sha1, opt->dense_combined_merges, opt);
+	return !opt->loginfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Show the diff of a commit.
+ *
+ * Return true if we printed any log info messages
+ */
+static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log_info *log)
+{
+	int showed_log;
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+
+	if (!opt->diff && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Root commit? */
+	parents = commit->parents;
+	if (!parents) {
+		if (opt->show_root_diff) {
+			diff_root_tree_sha1(sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
+		}
+		return !opt->loginfo;
+	}
+
+	/* More than one parent? */
+	if (parents && parents->next) {
+		if (opt->ignore_merges)
+			return 0;
+		else if (opt->combine_merges)
+			return do_diff_combined(opt, commit);
+
+		/* If we show individual diffs, show the parent info */
+		log->parent = parents->item;
+	}
+
+	showed_log = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
+
+		showed_log |= !opt->loginfo;
+
+		/* Set up the log info for the next parent, if any.. */
+		parents = parents->next;
+		if (!parents)
+			break;
+		log->parent = parents->item;
+		opt->loginfo = log;
+	}
+	return showed_log;
+}
+
+int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct log_info log;
+	int shown;
+
+	log.commit = commit;
+	log.parent = NULL;
+	opt->loginfo = &log;
+
+	shown = log_tree_diff(opt, commit, &log);
+	if (!shown && opt->loginfo && opt->always_show_header) {
+		log.parent = NULL;
+		show_log(opt);
+		shown = 1;
+	}
+	opt->loginfo = NULL;
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+	return shown;
+}
diff --git a/log-tree.h b/log-tree.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f7b400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef LOG_TREE_H
+#define LOG_TREE_H
+
+#include "revision.h"
+
+struct log_info {
+	struct commit *commit, *parent;
+};
+
+void init_log_tree_opt(struct rev_info *);
+int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *);
+int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *, struct commit *);
+int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
+void show_log(struct rev_info *opt);
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit);
+void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
+			     const char **subject_p,
+			     const char **extra_headers_p,
+			     int *need_8bit_cte_p);
+void load_ref_decorations(int flags);
+
+#define FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX 64
+void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, int nr, const char *suffix,
+			struct strbuf *buf);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/mailmap.c b/mailmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b68c1fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mailmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+
+#define DEBUG_MAILMAP 0
+#if DEBUG_MAILMAP
+#define debug_mm(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+static inline void debug_mm(const char *format, ...) {}
+#endif
+
+const char *git_mailmap_file;
+
+struct mailmap_info {
+	char *name;
+	char *email;
+};
+
+struct mailmap_entry {
+	/* name and email for the simple mail-only case */
+	char *name;
+	char *email;
+
+	/* name and email for the complex mail and name matching case */
+	struct string_list namemap;
+};
+
+static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
+{
+	struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)p;
+	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n", s, mi->name, mi->email);
+	free(mi->name);
+	free(mi->email);
+}
+
+static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
+{
+	struct mailmap_entry *me = (struct mailmap_entry *)p;
+	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n", s, me->namemap.nr);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n", me->name, me->email);
+	free(me->name);
+	free(me->email);
+
+	me->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+	string_list_clear_func(&me->namemap, free_mailmap_info);
+}
+
+static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
+			char *new_name, char *new_email, char *old_name, char *old_email)
+{
+	struct mailmap_entry *me;
+	int index;
+	char *p;
+
+	if (old_email)
+		for (p = old_email; *p; p++)
+			*p = tolower(*p);
+	if (new_email)
+		for (p = new_email; *p; p++)
+			*p = tolower(*p);
+
+	if (old_email == NULL) {
+		old_email = new_email;
+		new_email = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ((index = string_list_find_insert_index(map, old_email, 1)) < 0) {
+		/* mailmap entry exists, invert index value */
+		index = -1 - index;
+	} else {
+		/* create mailmap entry */
+		struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert_at_index(index, old_email, map);
+		item->util = xmalloc(sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
+		memset(item->util, 0, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
+		((struct mailmap_entry *)item->util)->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+	}
+	me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
+
+	if (old_name == NULL) {
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		/* Replace current name and new email for simple entry */
+		free(me->name);
+		free(me->email);
+		if (new_name)
+			me->name = xstrdup(new_name);
+		if (new_email)
+			me->email = xstrdup(new_email);
+	} else {
+		struct mailmap_info *mi = xmalloc(sizeof(struct mailmap_info));
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		if (new_name)
+			mi->name = xstrdup(new_name);
+		if (new_email)
+			mi->email = xstrdup(new_email);
+		string_list_insert(old_name, &me->namemap)->util = mi;
+	}
+
+	debug_mm("mailmap:  '%s' <%s> -> '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 old_name, old_email, new_name, new_email);
+}
+
+static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
+		char **email, int allow_empty_email)
+{
+	char *left, *right, *nstart, *nend;
+	*name = *email = NULL;
+
+	if ((left = strchr(buffer, '<')) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	if ((right = strchr(left+1, '>')) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!allow_empty_email && (left+1 == right))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* remove whitespace from beginning and end of name */
+	nstart = buffer;
+	while (isspace(*nstart) && nstart < left)
+		++nstart;
+	nend = left-1;
+	while (isspace(*nend) && nend > nstart)
+		--nend;
+
+	*name = (nstart < nend ? nstart : NULL);
+	*email = left+1;
+	*(nend+1) = '\0';
+	*right++ = '\0';
+
+	return (*right == '\0' ? NULL : right);
+}
+
+static int read_single_mailmap(struct string_list *map, const char *filename, char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	char buffer[1024];
+	FILE *f = (filename == NULL ? NULL : fopen(filename, "r"));
+
+	if (f == NULL)
+		return 1;
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL) {
+		char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
+		if (buffer[0] == '#') {
+			static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
+			int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
+			int len = strlen(buffer);
+
+			if (!repo_abbrev)
+				continue;
+
+			if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+				buffer[--len] = 0;
+			if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
+				char *cp;
+
+				if (repo_abbrev)
+					free(*repo_abbrev);
+				*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
+
+				for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
+					; /* nothing */
+				strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
+			parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+
+		if (email1)
+			add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	map->strdup_strings = 1;
+	/* each failure returns 1, so >1 means both calls failed */
+	return read_single_mailmap(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev) +
+	       read_single_mailmap(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev) > 1;
+}
+
+void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
+{
+	debug_mm("mailmap: clearing %d entries...\n", map->nr);
+	map->strdup_strings = 1;
+	string_list_clear_func(map, free_mailmap_entry);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: cleared\n");
+}
+
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name)
+{
+	char *p;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct mailmap_entry *me;
+	char buf[1024], *mailbuf;
+	int i;
+
+	/* figure out space requirement for email */
+	p = strchr(email, '>');
+	if (!p) {
+		/* email passed in might not be wrapped in <>, but end with a \0 */
+		p = memchr(email, '\0', maxlen_email);
+		if (!p)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (p - email + 1 < sizeof(buf))
+		mailbuf = buf;
+	else
+		mailbuf = xmalloc(p - email + 1);
+
+	/* downcase the email address */
+	for (i = 0; i < p - email; i++)
+		mailbuf[i] = tolower(email[i]);
+	mailbuf[i] = 0;
+
+	debug_mm("map_user: map '%s' <%s>\n", name, mailbuf);
+	item = string_list_lookup(mailbuf, map);
+	if (item != NULL) {
+		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
+		if (me->namemap.nr) {
+			/* The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on name too */
+			/* If the name is not found, we choose the simple entry      */
+			struct string_list_item *subitem = string_list_lookup(name, &me->namemap);
+			if (subitem)
+				item = subitem;
+		}
+	}
+	if (mailbuf != buf)
+		free(mailbuf);
+	if (item != NULL) {
+		struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)item->util;
+		if (mi->name == NULL && (mi->email == NULL || maxlen_email == 0)) {
+			debug_mm("map_user:  -- (no simple mapping)\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (maxlen_email && mi->email)
+			strlcpy(email, mi->email, maxlen_email);
+		if (maxlen_name && mi->name)
+			strlcpy(name, mi->name, maxlen_name);
+		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%s' <%s>\n", name, mi->email ? mi->email : "");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	debug_mm("map_user:  --\n");
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/mailmap.h b/mailmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5c3664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mailmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef MAILMAP_H
+#define MAILMAP_H
+
+int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev);
+void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map);
+
+int map_user(struct string_list *mailmap,
+	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/match-trees.c b/match-trees.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26f7ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/match-trees.c
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+
+static int score_missing(unsigned mode, const char *path)
+{
+	int score;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+		score = -1000;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(mode))
+		score = -500;
+	else
+		score = -50;
+	return score;
+}
+
+static int score_differs(unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2, const char *path)
+{
+	int score;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		score = -100;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(mode1) != S_ISLNK(mode2))
+		score = -50;
+	else
+		score = -5;
+	return score;
+}
+
+static int score_matches(unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2, const char *path)
+{
+	int score;
+
+	/* Heh, we found SHA-1 collisions between different kind of objects */
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		score = -100;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(mode1) != S_ISLNK(mode2))
+		score = -50;
+
+	else if (S_ISDIR(mode1))
+		score = 1000;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(mode1))
+		score = 500;
+	else
+		score = 250;
+	return score;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Inspect two trees, and give a score that tells how similar they are.
+ */
+static int score_trees(const unsigned char *hash1, const unsigned char *hash2)
+{
+	struct tree_desc one;
+	struct tree_desc two;
+	void *one_buf, *two_buf;
+	int score = 0;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
+	if (!one_buf)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
+	two_buf = read_sha1_file(hash2, &type, &size);
+	if (!two_buf)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
+	init_tree_desc(&two, two_buf, size);
+	while (one.size | two.size) {
+		const unsigned char *elem1 = elem1;
+		const unsigned char *elem2 = elem2;
+		const char *path1 = path1;
+		const char *path2 = path2;
+		unsigned mode1 = mode1;
+		unsigned mode2 = mode2;
+		int cmp;
+
+		if (one.size)
+			elem1 = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path1, &mode1);
+		if (two.size)
+			elem2 = tree_entry_extract(&two, &path2, &mode2);
+
+		if (!one.size) {
+			/* two has more entries */
+			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
+			update_tree_entry(&two);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!two.size) {
+			/* two lacks this entry */
+			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
+			update_tree_entry(&one);
+			continue;
+		}
+		cmp = base_name_compare(path1, strlen(path1), mode1,
+					path2, strlen(path2), mode2);
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			/* path1 does not appear in two */
+			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
+			update_tree_entry(&one);
+			continue;
+		}
+		else if (cmp > 0) {
+			/* path2 does not appear in one */
+			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
+			update_tree_entry(&two);
+			continue;
+		}
+		else if (hashcmp(elem1, elem2))
+			/* they are different */
+			score += score_differs(mode1, mode2, path1);
+		else
+			/* same subtree or blob */
+			score += score_matches(mode1, mode2, path1);
+		update_tree_entry(&one);
+		update_tree_entry(&two);
+	}
+	free(one_buf);
+	free(two_buf);
+	return score;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match one itself and its subtrees with two and pick the best match.
+ */
+static void match_trees(const unsigned char *hash1,
+			const unsigned char *hash2,
+			int *best_score,
+			char **best_match,
+			const char *base,
+			int recurse_limit)
+{
+	struct tree_desc one;
+	void *one_buf;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
+	if (!one_buf)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
+
+	while (one.size) {
+		const char *path;
+		const unsigned char *elem;
+		unsigned mode;
+		int score;
+
+		elem = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path, &mode);
+		if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
+			goto next;
+		score = score_trees(elem, hash2);
+		if (*best_score < score) {
+			char *newpath;
+			newpath = xmalloc(strlen(base) + strlen(path) + 1);
+			sprintf(newpath, "%s%s", base, path);
+			free(*best_match);
+			*best_match = newpath;
+			*best_score = score;
+		}
+		if (recurse_limit) {
+			char *newbase;
+			newbase = xmalloc(strlen(base) + strlen(path) + 2);
+			sprintf(newbase, "%s%s/", base, path);
+			match_trees(elem, hash2, best_score, best_match,
+				    newbase, recurse_limit - 1);
+			free(newbase);
+		}
+
+	next:
+		update_tree_entry(&one);
+	}
+	free(one_buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A tree "hash1" has a subdirectory at "prefix".  Come up with a
+ * tree object by replacing it with another tree "hash2".
+ */
+static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
+		       const char *prefix,
+		       const unsigned char *hash2,
+		       unsigned char *result)
+{
+	char *subpath;
+	int toplen;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	unsigned char *rewrite_here;
+	const unsigned char *rewrite_with;
+	unsigned char subtree[20];
+	enum object_type type;
+	int status;
+
+	subpath = strchr(prefix, '/');
+	if (!subpath)
+		toplen = strlen(prefix);
+	else {
+		toplen = subpath - prefix;
+		subpath++;
+	}
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!buf)
+		die("cannot read tree %s", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, buf, sz);
+
+	rewrite_here = NULL;
+	while (desc.size) {
+		const char *name;
+		unsigned mode;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+
+		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
+		if (strlen(name) == toplen &&
+		    !memcmp(name, prefix, toplen)) {
+			if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
+				die("entry %s in tree %s is not a tree",
+				    name, sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+			rewrite_here = (unsigned char *) sha1;
+			break;
+		}
+		update_tree_entry(&desc);
+	}
+	if (!rewrite_here)
+		die("entry %.*s not found in tree %s",
+		    toplen, prefix, sha1_to_hex(hash1));
+	if (subpath) {
+		status = splice_tree(rewrite_here, subpath, hash2, subtree);
+		if (status)
+			return status;
+		rewrite_with = subtree;
+	}
+	else
+		rewrite_with = hash2;
+	hashcpy(rewrite_here, rewrite_with);
+	status = write_sha1_file(buf, sz, tree_type, result);
+	free(buf);
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are trying to come up with a merge between one and two that
+ * results in a tree shape similar to one.  The tree two might
+ * correspond to a subtree of one, in which case it needs to be
+ * shifted down by prefixing otherwise empty directories.  On the
+ * other hand, it could cover tree one and we might need to pick a
+ * subtree of it.
+ */
+void shift_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
+		const unsigned char *hash2,
+		unsigned char *shifted,
+		int depth_limit)
+{
+	char *add_prefix;
+	char *del_prefix;
+	int add_score, del_score;
+
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: this limits the recursion depth to hardcoded
+	 * value '2' to avoid excessive overhead.
+	 */
+	if (!depth_limit)
+		depth_limit = 2;
+
+	add_score = del_score = score_trees(hash1, hash2);
+	add_prefix = xcalloc(1, 1);
+	del_prefix = xcalloc(1, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * See if one's subtree resembles two; if so we need to prefix
+	 * two with a few fake trees to match the prefix.
+	 */
+	match_trees(hash1, hash2, &add_score, &add_prefix, "", depth_limit);
+
+	/*
+	 * See if two's subtree resembles one; if so we need to
+	 * pick only subtree of two.
+	 */
+	match_trees(hash2, hash1, &del_score, &del_prefix, "", depth_limit);
+
+	/* Assume we do not have to do any shifting */
+	hashcpy(shifted, hash2);
+
+	if (add_score < del_score) {
+		/* We need to pick a subtree of two */
+		unsigned mode;
+
+		if (!*del_prefix)
+			return;
+
+		if (get_tree_entry(hash2, del_prefix, shifted, &mode))
+			die("cannot find path %s in tree %s",
+			    del_prefix, sha1_to_hex(hash2));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!*add_prefix)
+		return;
+
+	splice_tree(hash1, add_prefix, hash2, shifted);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The user says the trees will be shifted by this much.
+ * Unfortunately we cannot fundamentally tell which one to
+ * be prefixed, as recursive merge can work in either direction.
+ */
+void shift_tree_by(const unsigned char *hash1,
+		   const unsigned char *hash2,
+		   unsigned char *shifted,
+		   const char *shift_prefix)
+{
+	unsigned char sub1[20], sub2[20];
+	unsigned mode1, mode2;
+	unsigned candidate = 0;
+
+	/* Can hash2 be a tree at shift_prefix in tree hash1? */
+	if (!get_tree_entry(hash1, shift_prefix, sub1, &mode1) &&
+	    S_ISDIR(mode1))
+		candidate |= 1;
+
+	/* Can hash1 be a tree at shift_prefix in tree hash2? */
+	if (!get_tree_entry(hash2, shift_prefix, sub2, &mode2) &&
+	    S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		candidate |= 2;
+
+	if (candidate == 3) {
+		/* Both are plausible -- we need to evaluate the score */
+		int best_score = score_trees(hash1, hash2);
+		int score;
+
+		candidate = 0;
+		score = score_trees(sub1, hash2);
+		if (score > best_score) {
+			candidate = 1;
+			best_score = score;
+		}
+		score = score_trees(sub2, hash1);
+		if (score > best_score)
+			candidate = 2;
+	}
+
+	if (!candidate) {
+		/* Neither is plausible -- do not shift */
+		hashcpy(shifted, hash2);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (candidate == 1)
+		/*
+		 * shift tree2 down by adding shift_prefix above it
+		 * to match tree1.
+		 */
+		splice_tree(hash1, shift_prefix, hash2, shifted);
+	else
+		/*
+		 * shift tree2 up by removing shift_prefix from it
+		 * to match tree1.
+		 */
+		hashcpy(shifted, sub2);
+}
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd34d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+
+static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
+{
+	void *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(obj->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -1;
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return -1;
+	f->ptr = buf;
+	f->size = size;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void free_mmfile(mmfile_t *f)
+{
+	free(f->ptr);
+}
+
+static void *three_way_filemerge(const char *path, mmfile_t *base, mmfile_t *our, mmfile_t *their, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	int merge_status;
+	mmbuffer_t res;
+
+	merge_status = ll_merge(&res, path, base,
+				our, ".our", their, ".their", 0);
+	if (merge_status < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	*size = res.size;
+	return res.ptr;
+}
+
+static int common_outf(void *priv_, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf)
+{
+	int i;
+	mmfile_t *dst = priv_;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
+		memcpy(dst->ptr + dst->size, mb[i].ptr, mb[i].size);
+		dst->size += mb[i].size;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int generate_common_file(mmfile_t *res, mmfile_t *f1, mmfile_t *f2)
+{
+	unsigned long size = f1->size < f2->size ? f1->size : f2->size;
+	void *ptr = xmalloc(size);
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	xpp.flags = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = 3;
+	xecfg.flags = XDL_EMIT_COMMON;
+	ecb.outf = common_outf;
+
+	res->ptr = ptr;
+	res->size = 0;
+
+	ecb.priv = res;
+	return xdi_diff(f1, f2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
+void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	void *res = NULL;
+	mmfile_t f1, f2, common;
+
+	/*
+	 * Removed in either branch?
+	 *
+	 * NOTE! This depends on the caller having done the
+	 * proper warning about removing a file that got
+	 * modified in the other branch!
+	 */
+	if (!our || !their) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		if (base)
+			return NULL;
+		if (!our)
+			our = their;
+		return read_sha1_file(our->object.sha1, &type, size);
+	}
+
+	if (fill_mmfile_blob(&f1, our) < 0)
+		goto out_no_mmfile;
+	if (fill_mmfile_blob(&f2, their) < 0)
+		goto out_free_f1;
+
+	if (base) {
+		if (fill_mmfile_blob(&common, base) < 0)
+			goto out_free_f2_f1;
+	} else {
+		if (generate_common_file(&common, &f1, &f2) < 0)
+			goto out_free_f2_f1;
+	}
+	res = three_way_filemerge(path, &common, &f1, &f2, size);
+	free_mmfile(&common);
+out_free_f2_f1:
+	free_mmfile(&f2);
+out_free_f1:
+	free_mmfile(&f1);
+out_no_mmfile:
+	return res;
+}
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb53b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1461 @@
+/*
+ * Recursive Merge algorithm stolen from git-merge-recursive.py by
+ * Fredrik Kuivinen.
+ * The thieves were Alex Riesen and Johannes Schindelin, in June/July 2006
+ */
+#include "advice.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+#include "merge-recursive.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static struct tree *shift_tree_object(struct tree *one, struct tree *two,
+				      const char *subtree_shift)
+{
+	unsigned char shifted[20];
+
+	if (!*subtree_shift) {
+		shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, 0);
+	} else {
+		shift_tree_by(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted,
+			      subtree_shift);
+	}
+	if (!hashcmp(two->object.sha1, shifted))
+		return two;
+	return lookup_tree(shifted);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A virtual commit has (const char *)commit->util set to the name.
+ */
+
+static struct commit *make_virtual_commit(struct tree *tree, const char *comment)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit));
+	commit->tree = tree;
+	commit->util = (void*)comment;
+	/* avoid warnings */
+	commit->object.parsed = 1;
+	return commit;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Since we use get_tree_entry(), which does not put the read object into
+ * the object pool, we cannot rely on a == b.
+ */
+static int sha_eq(const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b)
+{
+	if (!a && !b)
+		return 2;
+	return a && b && hashcmp(a, b) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Since we want to write the index eventually, we cannot reuse the index
+ * for these (temporary) data.
+ */
+struct stage_data
+{
+	struct
+	{
+		unsigned mode;
+		unsigned char sha[20];
+	} stages[4];
+	unsigned processed:1;
+};
+
+static int show(struct merge_options *o, int v)
+{
+	return (!o->call_depth && o->verbosity >= v) || o->verbosity >= 5;
+}
+
+static void flush_output(struct merge_options *o)
+{
+	if (o->obuf.len) {
+		fputs(o->obuf.buf, stdout);
+		strbuf_reset(&o->obuf);
+	}
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+static void output(struct merge_options *o, int v, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int len;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	if (!show(o, v))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_grow(&o->obuf, o->call_depth * 2 + 2);
+	memset(o->obuf.buf + o->obuf.len, ' ', o->call_depth * 2);
+	strbuf_setlen(&o->obuf, o->obuf.len + o->call_depth * 2);
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(o->obuf.buf + o->obuf.len, strbuf_avail(&o->obuf), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (len < 0)
+		len = 0;
+	if (len >= strbuf_avail(&o->obuf)) {
+		strbuf_grow(&o->obuf, len + 2);
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		len = vsnprintf(o->obuf.buf + o->obuf.len, strbuf_avail(&o->obuf), fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+		if (len >= strbuf_avail(&o->obuf)) {
+			die("this should not happen, your snprintf is broken");
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&o->obuf, o->obuf.len + len);
+	strbuf_add(&o->obuf, "\n", 1);
+	if (!o->buffer_output)
+		flush_output(o);
+}
+
+static void output_commit_title(struct merge_options *o, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int i;
+	flush_output(o);
+	for (i = o->call_depth; i--;)
+		fputs("  ", stdout);
+	if (commit->util)
+		printf("virtual %s\n", (char *)commit->util);
+	else {
+		printf("%s ", find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		if (parse_commit(commit) != 0)
+			printf("(bad commit)\n");
+		else {
+			const char *s;
+			int len;
+			for (s = commit->buffer; *s; s++)
+				if (*s == '\n' && s[1] == '\n') {
+					s += 2;
+					break;
+				}
+			for (len = 0; s[len] && '\n' != s[len]; len++)
+				; /* do nothing */
+			printf("%.*s\n", len, s);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		const char *path, int stage, int refresh, int options)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1, path, stage, refresh);
+	if (!ce)
+		return error("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'", path);
+	return add_cache_entry(ce, options);
+}
+
+static void init_tree_desc_from_tree(struct tree_desc *desc, struct tree *tree)
+{
+	parse_tree(tree);
+	init_tree_desc(desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+}
+
+static int git_merge_trees(int index_only,
+			   struct tree *common,
+			   struct tree *head,
+			   struct tree *merge)
+{
+	int rc;
+	struct tree_desc t[3];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	if (index_only)
+		opts.index_only = 1;
+	else
+		opts.update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.head_idx = 2;
+	opts.fn = threeway_merge;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.msgs = get_porcelain_error_msgs();
+
+	init_tree_desc_from_tree(t+0, common);
+	init_tree_desc_from_tree(t+1, head);
+	init_tree_desc_from_tree(t+2, merge);
+
+	rc = unpack_trees(3, t, &opts);
+	cache_tree_free(&active_cache_tree);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
+{
+	struct tree *result = NULL;
+
+	if (unmerged_cache()) {
+		int i;
+		fprintf(stderr, "BUG: There are unmerged index entries:\n");
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			if (ce_stage(ce))
+				fprintf(stderr, "BUG: %d %.*s", ce_stage(ce),
+					(int)ce_namelen(ce), ce->name);
+		}
+		die("Bug in merge-recursive.c");
+	}
+
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree) &&
+	    cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
+			      active_cache, active_nr, 0, 0) < 0)
+		die("error building trees");
+
+	result = lookup_tree(active_cache_tree->sha1);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int save_files_dirs(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		const char *base, int baselen, const char *path,
+		unsigned int mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	int len = strlen(path);
+	char *newpath = xmalloc(baselen + len + 1);
+	struct merge_options *o = context;
+
+	memcpy(newpath, base, baselen);
+	memcpy(newpath + baselen, path, len);
+	newpath[baselen + len] = '\0';
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+		string_list_insert(newpath, &o->current_directory_set);
+	else
+		string_list_insert(newpath, &o->current_file_set);
+	free(newpath);
+
+	return (S_ISDIR(mode) ? READ_TREE_RECURSIVE : 0);
+}
+
+static int get_files_dirs(struct merge_options *o, struct tree *tree)
+{
+	int n;
+	if (read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, NULL, save_files_dirs, o))
+		return 0;
+	n = o->current_file_set.nr + o->current_directory_set.nr;
+	return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns an index_entry instance which doesn't have to correspond to
+ * a real cache entry in Git's index.
+ */
+static struct stage_data *insert_stage_data(const char *path,
+		struct tree *o, struct tree *a, struct tree *b,
+		struct string_list *entries)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct stage_data *e = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stage_data));
+	get_tree_entry(o->object.sha1, path,
+			e->stages[1].sha, &e->stages[1].mode);
+	get_tree_entry(a->object.sha1, path,
+			e->stages[2].sha, &e->stages[2].mode);
+	get_tree_entry(b->object.sha1, path,
+			e->stages[3].sha, &e->stages[3].mode);
+	item = string_list_insert(path, entries);
+	item->util = e;
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a dictionary mapping file names to stage_data objects. The
+ * dictionary contains one entry for every path with a non-zero stage entry.
+ */
+static struct string_list *get_unmerged(void)
+{
+	struct string_list *unmerged = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	int i;
+
+	unmerged->strdup_strings = 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		struct stage_data *e;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!ce_stage(ce))
+			continue;
+
+		item = string_list_lookup(ce->name, unmerged);
+		if (!item) {
+			item = string_list_insert(ce->name, unmerged);
+			item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stage_data));
+		}
+		e = item->util;
+		e->stages[ce_stage(ce)].mode = ce->ce_mode;
+		hashcpy(e->stages[ce_stage(ce)].sha, ce->sha1);
+	}
+
+	return unmerged;
+}
+
+struct rename
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+	struct stage_data *src_entry;
+	struct stage_data *dst_entry;
+	unsigned processed:1;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Get information of all renames which occurred between 'o_tree' and
+ * 'tree'. We need the three trees in the merge ('o_tree', 'a_tree' and
+ * 'b_tree') to be able to associate the correct cache entries with
+ * the rename information. 'tree' is always equal to either a_tree or b_tree.
+ */
+static struct string_list *get_renames(struct merge_options *o,
+				       struct tree *tree,
+				       struct tree *o_tree,
+				       struct tree *a_tree,
+				       struct tree *b_tree,
+				       struct string_list *entries)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list *renames;
+	struct diff_options opts;
+
+	renames = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	diff_setup(&opts);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opts, RECURSIVE);
+	opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+	opts.rename_limit = o->merge_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->merge_rename_limit :
+			    o->diff_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->diff_rename_limit :
+			    500;
+	opts.warn_on_too_large_rename = 1;
+	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
+		die("diff setup failed");
+	diff_tree_sha1(o_tree->object.sha1, tree->object.sha1, "", &opts);
+	diffcore_std(&opts);
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; ++i) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		struct rename *re;
+		struct diff_filepair *pair = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		if (pair->status != 'R') {
+			diff_free_filepair(pair);
+			continue;
+		}
+		re = xmalloc(sizeof(*re));
+		re->processed = 0;
+		re->pair = pair;
+		item = string_list_lookup(re->pair->one->path, entries);
+		if (!item)
+			re->src_entry = insert_stage_data(re->pair->one->path,
+					o_tree, a_tree, b_tree, entries);
+		else
+			re->src_entry = item->util;
+
+		item = string_list_lookup(re->pair->two->path, entries);
+		if (!item)
+			re->dst_entry = insert_stage_data(re->pair->two->path,
+					o_tree, a_tree, b_tree, entries);
+		else
+			re->dst_entry = item->util;
+		item = string_list_insert(pair->one->path, renames);
+		item->util = re;
+	}
+	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	diff_queued_diff.nr = 0;
+	diff_flush(&opts);
+	return renames;
+}
+
+static int update_stages(const char *path, struct diff_filespec *o,
+			 struct diff_filespec *a, struct diff_filespec *b,
+			 int clear)
+{
+	int options = ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE;
+	if (clear)
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
+			return -1;
+	if (o)
+		if (add_cacheinfo(o->mode, o->sha1, path, 1, 0, options))
+			return -1;
+	if (a)
+		if (add_cacheinfo(a->mode, a->sha1, path, 2, 0, options))
+			return -1;
+	if (b)
+		if (add_cacheinfo(b->mode, b->sha1, path, 3, 0, options))
+			return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_file(struct merge_options *o, int clean,
+		       const char *path, int no_wd)
+{
+	int update_cache = o->call_depth || clean;
+	int update_working_directory = !o->call_depth && !no_wd;
+
+	if (update_cache) {
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (update_working_directory) {
+		if (remove_path(path) && errno != ENOENT)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *unique_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path, const char *branch)
+{
+	char *newpath = xmalloc(strlen(path) + 1 + strlen(branch) + 8 + 1);
+	int suffix = 0;
+	struct stat st;
+	char *p = newpath + strlen(path);
+	strcpy(newpath, path);
+	*(p++) = '~';
+	strcpy(p, branch);
+	for (; *p; ++p)
+		if ('/' == *p)
+			*p = '_';
+	while (string_list_has_string(&o->current_file_set, newpath) ||
+	       string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, newpath) ||
+	       lstat(newpath, &st) == 0)
+		sprintf(p, "_%d", suffix++);
+
+	string_list_insert(newpath, &o->current_file_set);
+	return newpath;
+}
+
+static void flush_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	while (size > 0) {
+		long ret = write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			/* Ignore epipe */
+			if (errno == EPIPE)
+				break;
+			die_errno("merge-recursive");
+		} else if (!ret) {
+			die("merge-recursive: disk full?");
+		}
+		size -= ret;
+		buf += ret;
+	}
+}
+
+static int would_lose_untracked(const char *path)
+{
+	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
+
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -1 - pos;
+	while (pos < active_nr &&
+	       !strcmp(path, active_cache[pos]->name)) {
+		/*
+		 * If stage #0, it is definitely tracked.
+		 * If it has stage #2 then it was tracked
+		 * before this merge started.  All other
+		 * cases the path was not tracked.
+		 */
+		switch (ce_stage(active_cache[pos])) {
+		case 0:
+		case 2:
+			return 0;
+		}
+		pos++;
+	}
+	return file_exists(path);
+}
+
+static int make_room_for_path(const char *path)
+{
+	int status;
+	const char *msg = "failed to create path '%s'%s";
+
+	status = safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
+	if (status) {
+		if (status == -3) {
+			/* something else exists */
+			error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		die(msg, path, "");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not unlink a file in the work tree if we are not
+	 * tracking it.
+	 */
+	if (would_lose_untracked(path))
+		return error("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'",
+			     path);
+
+	/* Successful unlink is good.. */
+	if (!unlink(path))
+		return 0;
+	/* .. and so is no existing file */
+	if (errno == ENOENT)
+		return 0;
+	/* .. but not some other error (who really cares what?) */
+	return error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+}
+
+static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
+			      const unsigned char *sha,
+			      unsigned mode,
+			      const char *path,
+			      int update_cache,
+			      int update_wd)
+{
+	if (o->call_depth)
+		update_wd = 0;
+
+	if (update_wd) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		void *buf;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+			/*
+			 * We may later decide to recursively descend into
+			 * the submodule directory and update its index
+			 * and/or work tree, but we do not do that now.
+			 */
+			goto update_index;
+
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf)
+			die("cannot read object %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+			die("blob expected for %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+		if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &strbuf)) {
+				free(buf);
+				size = strbuf.len;
+				buf = strbuf_detach(&strbuf, NULL);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (make_room_for_path(path) < 0) {
+			update_wd = 0;
+			free(buf);
+			goto update_index;
+		}
+		if (S_ISREG(mode) || (!has_symlinks && S_ISLNK(mode))) {
+			int fd;
+			if (mode & 0100)
+				mode = 0777;
+			else
+				mode = 0666;
+			fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, mode);
+			if (fd < 0)
+				die_errno("failed to open '%s'", path);
+			flush_buffer(fd, buf, size);
+			close(fd);
+		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+			char *lnk = xmemdupz(buf, size);
+			safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
+			unlink(path);
+			if (symlink(lnk, path))
+				die_errno("failed to symlink '%s'", path);
+			free(lnk);
+		} else
+			die("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'",
+			    mode, sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+ update_index:
+	if (update_cache)
+		add_cacheinfo(mode, sha, path, 0, update_wd, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD);
+}
+
+static void update_file(struct merge_options *o,
+			int clean,
+			const unsigned char *sha,
+			unsigned mode,
+			const char *path)
+{
+	update_file_flags(o, sha, mode, path, o->call_depth || clean, !o->call_depth);
+}
+
+/* Low level file merging, update and removal */
+
+struct merge_file_info
+{
+	unsigned char sha[20];
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned clean:1,
+		 merge:1;
+};
+
+static void fill_mm(const unsigned char *sha1, mmfile_t *mm)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!hashcmp(sha1, null_sha1)) {
+		mm->ptr = xstrdup("");
+		mm->size = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	mm->ptr = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!mm->ptr || type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		die("unable to read blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	mm->size = size;
+}
+
+static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *o,
+		      mmbuffer_t *result_buf,
+		      struct diff_filespec *one,
+		      struct diff_filespec *a,
+		      struct diff_filespec *b,
+		      const char *branch1,
+		      const char *branch2)
+{
+	mmfile_t orig, src1, src2;
+	char *name1, *name2;
+	int merge_status;
+	int favor;
+
+	if (o->call_depth)
+		favor = 0;
+	else {
+		switch (o->recursive_variant) {
+		case MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS:
+			favor = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS;
+			break;
+		case MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS:
+			favor = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS;
+			break;
+		default:
+			favor = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(a->path, b->path)) {
+		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch1, a->path));
+		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch2, b->path));
+	} else {
+		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch1));
+		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch2));
+	}
+
+	fill_mm(one->sha1, &orig);
+	fill_mm(a->sha1, &src1);
+	fill_mm(b->sha1, &src2);
+
+	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, a->path, &orig,
+				&src1, name1, &src2, name2,
+				(!!o->call_depth) | (favor << 1));
+
+	free(name1);
+	free(name2);
+	free(orig.ptr);
+	free(src1.ptr);
+	free(src2.ptr);
+	return merge_status;
+}
+
+static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
+				         struct diff_filespec *one,
+					 struct diff_filespec *a,
+					 struct diff_filespec *b,
+					 const char *branch1,
+					 const char *branch2)
+{
+	struct merge_file_info result;
+	result.merge = 0;
+	result.clean = 1;
+
+	if ((S_IFMT & a->mode) != (S_IFMT & b->mode)) {
+		result.clean = 0;
+		if (S_ISREG(a->mode)) {
+			result.mode = a->mode;
+			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
+		} else {
+			result.mode = b->mode;
+			hashcpy(result.sha, b->sha1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!sha_eq(a->sha1, one->sha1) && !sha_eq(b->sha1, one->sha1))
+			result.merge = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Merge modes
+		 */
+		if (a->mode == b->mode || a->mode == one->mode)
+			result.mode = b->mode;
+		else {
+			result.mode = a->mode;
+			if (b->mode != one->mode) {
+				result.clean = 0;
+				result.merge = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (sha_eq(a->sha1, b->sha1) || sha_eq(a->sha1, one->sha1))
+			hashcpy(result.sha, b->sha1);
+		else if (sha_eq(b->sha1, one->sha1))
+			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
+		else if (S_ISREG(a->mode)) {
+			mmbuffer_t result_buf;
+			int merge_status;
+
+			merge_status = merge_3way(o, &result_buf, one, a, b,
+						  branch1, branch2);
+
+			if ((merge_status < 0) || !result_buf.ptr)
+				die("Failed to execute internal merge");
+
+			if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
+					    blob_type, result.sha))
+				die("Unable to add %s to database",
+				    a->path);
+
+			free(result_buf.ptr);
+			result.clean = (merge_status == 0);
+		} else if (S_ISGITLINK(a->mode)) {
+			result.clean = 0;
+			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
+		} else if (S_ISLNK(a->mode)) {
+			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
+
+			if (!sha_eq(a->sha1, b->sha1))
+				result.clean = 0;
+		} else {
+			die("unsupported object type in the tree");
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void conflict_rename_rename(struct merge_options *o,
+				   struct rename *ren1,
+				   const char *branch1,
+				   struct rename *ren2,
+				   const char *branch2)
+{
+	char *del[2];
+	int delp = 0;
+	const char *ren1_dst = ren1->pair->two->path;
+	const char *ren2_dst = ren2->pair->two->path;
+	const char *dst_name1 = ren1_dst;
+	const char *dst_name2 = ren2_dst;
+	if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren1_dst)) {
+		dst_name1 = del[delp++] = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch1);
+		output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
+		       ren1_dst, branch2, dst_name1);
+		remove_file(o, 0, ren1_dst, 0);
+	}
+	if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren2_dst)) {
+		dst_name2 = del[delp++] = unique_path(o, ren2_dst, branch2);
+		output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
+		       ren2_dst, branch1, dst_name2);
+		remove_file(o, 0, ren2_dst, 0);
+	}
+	if (o->call_depth) {
+		remove_file_from_cache(dst_name1);
+		remove_file_from_cache(dst_name2);
+		/*
+		 * Uncomment to leave the conflicting names in the resulting tree
+		 *
+		 * update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, dst_name1);
+		 * update_file(o, 0, ren2->pair->two->sha1, ren2->pair->two->mode, dst_name2);
+		 */
+	} else {
+		update_stages(dst_name1, NULL, ren1->pair->two, NULL, 1);
+		update_stages(dst_name2, NULL, NULL, ren2->pair->two, 1);
+	}
+	while (delp--)
+		free(del[delp]);
+}
+
+static void conflict_rename_dir(struct merge_options *o,
+				struct rename *ren1,
+				const char *branch1)
+{
+	char *new_path = unique_path(o, ren1->pair->two->path, branch1);
+	output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s instead", ren1->pair->one->path, new_path);
+	remove_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->path, 0);
+	update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, new_path);
+	free(new_path);
+}
+
+static void conflict_rename_rename_2(struct merge_options *o,
+				     struct rename *ren1,
+				     const char *branch1,
+				     struct rename *ren2,
+				     const char *branch2)
+{
+	char *new_path1 = unique_path(o, ren1->pair->two->path, branch1);
+	char *new_path2 = unique_path(o, ren2->pair->two->path, branch2);
+	output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead",
+	       ren1->pair->one->path, new_path1,
+	       ren2->pair->one->path, new_path2);
+	remove_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->path, 0);
+	update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, new_path1);
+	update_file(o, 0, ren2->pair->two->sha1, ren2->pair->two->mode, new_path2);
+	free(new_path2);
+	free(new_path1);
+}
+
+static int process_renames(struct merge_options *o,
+			   struct string_list *a_renames,
+			   struct string_list *b_renames)
+{
+	int clean_merge = 1, i, j;
+	struct string_list a_by_dst = {NULL, 0, 0, 0}, b_by_dst = {NULL, 0, 0, 0};
+	const struct rename *sre;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < a_renames->nr; i++) {
+		sre = a_renames->items[i].util;
+		string_list_insert(sre->pair->two->path, &a_by_dst)->util
+			= sre->dst_entry;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < b_renames->nr; i++) {
+		sre = b_renames->items[i].util;
+		string_list_insert(sre->pair->two->path, &b_by_dst)->util
+			= sre->dst_entry;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < a_renames->nr || j < b_renames->nr;) {
+		char *src;
+		struct string_list *renames1, *renames2Dst;
+		struct rename *ren1 = NULL, *ren2 = NULL;
+		const char *branch1, *branch2;
+		const char *ren1_src, *ren1_dst;
+
+		if (i >= a_renames->nr) {
+			ren2 = b_renames->items[j++].util;
+		} else if (j >= b_renames->nr) {
+			ren1 = a_renames->items[i++].util;
+		} else {
+			int compare = strcmp(a_renames->items[i].string,
+					     b_renames->items[j].string);
+			if (compare <= 0)
+				ren1 = a_renames->items[i++].util;
+			if (compare >= 0)
+				ren2 = b_renames->items[j++].util;
+		}
+
+		/* TODO: refactor, so that 1/2 are not needed */
+		if (ren1) {
+			renames1 = a_renames;
+			renames2Dst = &b_by_dst;
+			branch1 = o->branch1;
+			branch2 = o->branch2;
+		} else {
+			struct rename *tmp;
+			renames1 = b_renames;
+			renames2Dst = &a_by_dst;
+			branch1 = o->branch2;
+			branch2 = o->branch1;
+			tmp = ren2;
+			ren2 = ren1;
+			ren1 = tmp;
+		}
+		src = ren1->pair->one->path;
+
+		ren1->dst_entry->processed = 1;
+		ren1->src_entry->processed = 1;
+
+		if (ren1->processed)
+			continue;
+		ren1->processed = 1;
+
+		ren1_src = ren1->pair->one->path;
+		ren1_dst = ren1->pair->two->path;
+
+		if (ren2) {
+			const char *ren2_src = ren2->pair->one->path;
+			const char *ren2_dst = ren2->pair->two->path;
+			/* Renamed in 1 and renamed in 2 */
+			if (strcmp(ren1_src, ren2_src) != 0)
+				die("ren1.src != ren2.src");
+			ren2->dst_entry->processed = 1;
+			ren2->processed = 1;
+			if (strcmp(ren1_dst, ren2_dst) != 0) {
+				clean_merge = 0;
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+				       "Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" "
+				       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s",
+				       src, ren1_dst, branch1,
+				       src, ren2_dst, branch2,
+				       o->call_depth ? " (left unresolved)": "");
+				if (o->call_depth) {
+					remove_file_from_cache(src);
+					update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->one->sha1,
+						    ren1->pair->one->mode, src);
+				}
+				conflict_rename_rename(o, ren1, branch1, ren2, branch2);
+			} else {
+				struct merge_file_info mfi;
+				remove_file(o, 1, ren1_src, 1);
+				mfi = merge_file(o,
+						 ren1->pair->one,
+						 ren1->pair->two,
+						 ren2->pair->two,
+						 branch1,
+						 branch2);
+				if (mfi.merge || !mfi.clean)
+					output(o, 1, "Renaming %s->%s", src, ren1_dst);
+
+				if (mfi.merge)
+					output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", ren1_dst);
+
+				if (!mfi.clean) {
+					output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (content): merge conflict in %s",
+					       ren1_dst);
+					clean_merge = 0;
+
+					if (!o->call_depth)
+						update_stages(ren1_dst,
+							      ren1->pair->one,
+							      ren1->pair->two,
+							      ren2->pair->two,
+							      1 /* clear */);
+				}
+				update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* Renamed in 1, maybe changed in 2 */
+			struct string_list_item *item;
+			/* we only use sha1 and mode of these */
+			struct diff_filespec src_other, dst_other;
+			int try_merge, stage = a_renames == renames1 ? 3: 2;
+
+			remove_file(o, 1, ren1_src, o->call_depth || stage == 3);
+
+			hashcpy(src_other.sha1, ren1->src_entry->stages[stage].sha);
+			src_other.mode = ren1->src_entry->stages[stage].mode;
+			hashcpy(dst_other.sha1, ren1->dst_entry->stages[stage].sha);
+			dst_other.mode = ren1->dst_entry->stages[stage].mode;
+
+			try_merge = 0;
+
+			if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, ren1_dst)) {
+				clean_merge = 0;
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/directory): Rename %s->%s in %s "
+				       " directory %s added in %s",
+				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
+				       ren1_dst, branch2);
+				conflict_rename_dir(o, ren1, branch1);
+			} else if (sha_eq(src_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
+				clean_merge = 0;
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/delete): Rename %s->%s in %s "
+				       "and deleted in %s",
+				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
+				       branch2);
+				update_file(o, 0, ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode, ren1_dst);
+				if (!o->call_depth)
+					update_stages(ren1_dst, NULL,
+							branch1 == o->branch1 ?
+							ren1->pair->two : NULL,
+							branch1 == o->branch1 ?
+							NULL : ren1->pair->two, 1);
+			} else if (!sha_eq(dst_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
+				const char *new_path;
+				clean_merge = 0;
+				try_merge = 1;
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
+				       "%s added in %s",
+				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
+				       ren1_dst, branch2);
+				if (o->call_depth) {
+					struct merge_file_info mfi;
+					struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
+
+					one.path = a.path = b.path =
+						(char *)ren1_dst;
+					hashcpy(one.sha1, null_sha1);
+					one.mode = 0;
+					hashcpy(a.sha1, ren1->pair->two->sha1);
+					a.mode = ren1->pair->two->mode;
+					hashcpy(b.sha1, dst_other.sha1);
+					b.mode = dst_other.mode;
+					mfi = merge_file(o, &one, &a, &b,
+							 branch1,
+							 branch2);
+					output(o, 1, "Adding merged %s", ren1_dst);
+					update_file(o, 0,
+						    mfi.sha,
+						    mfi.mode,
+						    ren1_dst);
+				} else {
+					new_path = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch2);
+					output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+					update_file(o, 0, dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode, new_path);
+				}
+			} else if ((item = string_list_lookup(ren1_dst, renames2Dst))) {
+				ren2 = item->util;
+				clean_merge = 0;
+				ren2->processed = 1;
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+				       "Rename %s->%s in %s. "
+				       "Rename %s->%s in %s",
+				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
+				       ren2->pair->one->path, ren2->pair->two->path, branch2);
+				conflict_rename_rename_2(o, ren1, branch1, ren2, branch2);
+			} else
+				try_merge = 1;
+
+			if (try_merge) {
+				struct diff_filespec *one, *a, *b;
+				struct merge_file_info mfi;
+				src_other.path = (char *)ren1_src;
+
+				one = ren1->pair->one;
+				if (a_renames == renames1) {
+					a = ren1->pair->two;
+					b = &src_other;
+				} else {
+					b = ren1->pair->two;
+					a = &src_other;
+				}
+				mfi = merge_file(o, one, a, b,
+						o->branch1, o->branch2);
+
+				if (mfi.clean &&
+				    sha_eq(mfi.sha, ren1->pair->two->sha1) &&
+				    mfi.mode == ren1->pair->two->mode)
+					/*
+					 * This messaged is part of
+					 * t6022 test. If you change
+					 * it update the test too.
+					 */
+					output(o, 3, "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)", ren1_dst);
+				else {
+					if (mfi.merge || !mfi.clean)
+						output(o, 1, "Renaming %s => %s", ren1_src, ren1_dst);
+					if (mfi.merge)
+						output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", ren1_dst);
+					if (!mfi.clean) {
+						output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/modify): Merge conflict in %s",
+						       ren1_dst);
+						clean_merge = 0;
+
+						if (!o->call_depth)
+							update_stages(ren1_dst,
+								      one, a, b, 1);
+					}
+					update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&a_by_dst, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&b_by_dst, 0);
+
+	return clean_merge;
+}
+
+static unsigned char *stage_sha(const unsigned char *sha, unsigned mode)
+{
+	return (is_null_sha1(sha) || mode == 0) ? NULL: (unsigned char *)sha;
+}
+
+/* Per entry merge function */
+static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
+			 const char *path, struct stage_data *entry)
+{
+	/*
+	printf("processing entry, clean cache: %s\n", index_only ? "yes": "no");
+	print_index_entry("\tpath: ", entry);
+	*/
+	int clean_merge = 1;
+	unsigned o_mode = entry->stages[1].mode;
+	unsigned a_mode = entry->stages[2].mode;
+	unsigned b_mode = entry->stages[3].mode;
+	unsigned char *o_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[1].sha, o_mode);
+	unsigned char *a_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[2].sha, a_mode);
+	unsigned char *b_sha = stage_sha(entry->stages[3].sha, b_mode);
+
+	if (o_sha && (!a_sha || !b_sha)) {
+		/* Case A: Deleted in one */
+		if ((!a_sha && !b_sha) ||
+		    (sha_eq(a_sha, o_sha) && !b_sha) ||
+		    (!a_sha && sha_eq(b_sha, o_sha))) {
+			/* Deleted in both or deleted in one and
+			 * unchanged in the other */
+			if (a_sha)
+				output(o, 2, "Removing %s", path);
+			/* do not touch working file if it did not exist */
+			remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_sha);
+		} else {
+			/* Deleted in one and changed in the other */
+			clean_merge = 0;
+			if (!a_sha) {
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): %s deleted in %s "
+				       "and modified in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree.",
+				       path, o->branch1,
+				       o->branch2, o->branch2, path);
+				update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, path);
+			} else {
+				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (delete/modify): %s deleted in %s "
+				       "and modified in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree.",
+				       path, o->branch2,
+				       o->branch1, o->branch1, path);
+				update_file(o, 0, a_sha, a_mode, path);
+			}
+		}
+
+	} else if ((!o_sha && a_sha && !b_sha) ||
+		   (!o_sha && !a_sha && b_sha)) {
+		/* Case B: Added in one. */
+		const char *add_branch;
+		const char *other_branch;
+		unsigned mode;
+		const unsigned char *sha;
+		const char *conf;
+
+		if (a_sha) {
+			add_branch = o->branch1;
+			other_branch = o->branch2;
+			mode = a_mode;
+			sha = a_sha;
+			conf = "file/directory";
+		} else {
+			add_branch = o->branch2;
+			other_branch = o->branch1;
+			mode = b_mode;
+			sha = b_sha;
+			conf = "directory/file";
+		}
+		if (string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, path)) {
+			const char *new_path = unique_path(o, path, add_branch);
+			clean_merge = 0;
+			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
+			       "Adding %s as %s",
+			       conf, path, other_branch, path, new_path);
+			remove_file(o, 0, path, 0);
+			update_file(o, 0, sha, mode, new_path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
+			update_file(o, 1, sha, mode, path);
+		}
+	} else if (a_sha && b_sha) {
+		/* Case C: Added in both (check for same permissions) and */
+		/* case D: Modified in both, but differently. */
+		const char *reason = "content";
+		struct merge_file_info mfi;
+		struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
+
+		if (!o_sha) {
+			reason = "add/add";
+			o_sha = (unsigned char *)null_sha1;
+		}
+		output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", path);
+		one.path = a.path = b.path = (char *)path;
+		hashcpy(one.sha1, o_sha);
+		one.mode = o_mode;
+		hashcpy(a.sha1, a_sha);
+		a.mode = a_mode;
+		hashcpy(b.sha1, b_sha);
+		b.mode = b_mode;
+
+		mfi = merge_file(o, &one, &a, &b,
+				 o->branch1, o->branch2);
+
+		clean_merge = mfi.clean;
+		if (!mfi.clean) {
+			if (S_ISGITLINK(mfi.mode))
+				reason = "submodule";
+			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s",
+					reason, path);
+		}
+		update_file(o, mfi.clean, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, path);
+	} else if (!o_sha && !a_sha && !b_sha) {
+		/*
+		 * this entry was deleted altogether. a_mode == 0 means
+		 * we had that path and want to actively remove it.
+		 */
+		remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_mode);
+	} else
+		die("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen.");
+
+	return clean_merge;
+}
+
+struct unpack_trees_error_msgs get_porcelain_error_msgs(void)
+{
+	struct unpack_trees_error_msgs msgs = {
+		/* would_overwrite */
+		"Your local changes to '%s' would be overwritten by merge.  Aborting.",
+		/* not_uptodate_file */
+		"Your local changes to '%s' would be overwritten by merge.  Aborting.",
+		/* not_uptodate_dir */
+		"Updating '%s' would lose untracked files in it.  Aborting.",
+		/* would_lose_untracked */
+		"Untracked working tree file '%s' would be %s by merge.  Aborting",
+		/* bind_overlap -- will not happen here */
+		NULL,
+	};
+	if (advice_commit_before_merge) {
+		msgs.would_overwrite = msgs.not_uptodate_file =
+			"Your local changes to '%s' would be overwritten by merge.  Aborting.\n"
+			"Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.";
+	}
+	return msgs;
+}
+
+int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
+		struct tree *head,
+		struct tree *merge,
+		struct tree *common,
+		struct tree **result)
+{
+	int code, clean;
+
+	if (o->subtree_shift) {
+		merge = shift_tree_object(head, merge, o->subtree_shift);
+		common = shift_tree_object(head, common, o->subtree_shift);
+	}
+
+	if (sha_eq(common->object.sha1, merge->object.sha1)) {
+		output(o, 0, "Already uptodate!");
+		*result = head;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	code = git_merge_trees(o->call_depth, common, head, merge);
+
+	if (code != 0) {
+		if (show(o, 4) || o->call_depth)
+			die("merging of trees %s and %s failed",
+			    sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1),
+			    sha1_to_hex(merge->object.sha1));
+		else
+			exit(128);
+	}
+
+	if (unmerged_cache()) {
+		struct string_list *entries, *re_head, *re_merge;
+		int i;
+		string_list_clear(&o->current_file_set, 1);
+		string_list_clear(&o->current_directory_set, 1);
+		get_files_dirs(o, head);
+		get_files_dirs(o, merge);
+
+		entries = get_unmerged();
+		re_head  = get_renames(o, head, common, head, merge, entries);
+		re_merge = get_renames(o, merge, common, head, merge, entries);
+		clean = process_renames(o, re_head, re_merge);
+		for (i = 0; i < entries->nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = entries->items[i].string;
+			struct stage_data *e = entries->items[i].util;
+			if (!e->processed
+				&& !process_entry(o, path, e))
+				clean = 0;
+		}
+
+		string_list_clear(re_merge, 0);
+		string_list_clear(re_head, 0);
+		string_list_clear(entries, 1);
+
+	}
+	else
+		clean = 1;
+
+	if (o->call_depth)
+		*result = write_tree_from_memory(o);
+
+	return clean;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *reverse_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	struct commit_list *next = NULL, *current, *backup;
+	for (current = list; current; current = backup) {
+		backup = current->next;
+		current->next = next;
+		next = current;
+	}
+	return next;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Merge the commits h1 and h2, return the resulting virtual
+ * commit object and a flag indicating the cleanness of the merge.
+ */
+int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
+		    struct commit *h1,
+		    struct commit *h2,
+		    struct commit_list *ca,
+		    struct commit **result)
+{
+	struct commit_list *iter;
+	struct commit *merged_common_ancestors;
+	struct tree *mrtree = mrtree;
+	int clean;
+
+	if (show(o, 4)) {
+		output(o, 4, "Merging:");
+		output_commit_title(o, h1);
+		output_commit_title(o, h2);
+	}
+
+	if (!ca) {
+		ca = get_merge_bases(h1, h2, 1);
+		ca = reverse_commit_list(ca);
+	}
+
+	if (show(o, 5)) {
+		output(o, 5, "found %u common ancestor(s):", commit_list_count(ca));
+		for (iter = ca; iter; iter = iter->next)
+			output_commit_title(o, iter->item);
+	}
+
+	merged_common_ancestors = pop_commit(&ca);
+	if (merged_common_ancestors == NULL) {
+		/* if there is no common ancestor, make an empty tree */
+		struct tree *tree = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct tree));
+
+		tree->object.parsed = 1;
+		tree->object.type = OBJ_TREE;
+		pretend_sha1_file(NULL, 0, OBJ_TREE, tree->object.sha1);
+		merged_common_ancestors = make_virtual_commit(tree, "ancestor");
+	}
+
+	for (iter = ca; iter; iter = iter->next) {
+		const char *saved_b1, *saved_b2;
+		o->call_depth++;
+		/*
+		 * When the merge fails, the result contains files
+		 * with conflict markers. The cleanness flag is
+		 * ignored, it was never actually used, as result of
+		 * merge_trees has always overwritten it: the committed
+		 * "conflicts" were already resolved.
+		 */
+		discard_cache();
+		saved_b1 = o->branch1;
+		saved_b2 = o->branch2;
+		o->branch1 = "Temporary merge branch 1";
+		o->branch2 = "Temporary merge branch 2";
+		merge_recursive(o, merged_common_ancestors, iter->item,
+				NULL, &merged_common_ancestors);
+		o->branch1 = saved_b1;
+		o->branch2 = saved_b2;
+		o->call_depth--;
+
+		if (!merged_common_ancestors)
+			die("merge returned no commit");
+	}
+
+	discard_cache();
+	if (!o->call_depth)
+		read_cache();
+
+	clean = merge_trees(o, h1->tree, h2->tree, merged_common_ancestors->tree,
+			    &mrtree);
+
+	if (o->call_depth) {
+		*result = make_virtual_commit(mrtree, "merged tree");
+		commit_list_insert(h1, &(*result)->parents);
+		commit_list_insert(h2, &(*result)->parents->next);
+	}
+	flush_output(o);
+	return clean;
+}
+
+static struct commit *get_ref(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *object;
+
+	object = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), name, strlen(name));
+	if (!object)
+		return NULL;
+	if (object->type == OBJ_TREE)
+		return make_virtual_commit((struct tree*)object, name);
+	if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return NULL;
+	if (parse_commit((struct commit *)object))
+		return NULL;
+	return (struct commit *)object;
+}
+
+int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *o,
+			    const unsigned char *head,
+			    const unsigned char *merge,
+			    int num_base_list,
+			    const unsigned char **base_list,
+			    struct commit **result)
+{
+	int clean, index_fd;
+	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	struct commit *head_commit = get_ref(head, o->branch1);
+	struct commit *next_commit = get_ref(merge, o->branch2);
+	struct commit_list *ca = NULL;
+
+	if (base_list) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < num_base_list; ++i) {
+			struct commit *base;
+			if (!(base = get_ref(base_list[i], sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]))))
+				return error("Could not parse object '%s'",
+					sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]));
+			commit_list_insert(base, &ca);
+		}
+	}
+
+	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	clean = merge_recursive(o, head_commit, next_commit, ca,
+			result);
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+		return error("Unable to write index.");
+
+	return clean ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int merge_recursive_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct merge_options *o = cb;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "merge.verbosity")) {
+		o->verbosity = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "diff.renamelimit")) {
+		o->diff_rename_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "merge.renamelimit")) {
+		o->merge_rename_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o)
+{
+	memset(o, 0, sizeof(struct merge_options));
+	o->verbosity = 2;
+	o->buffer_output = 1;
+	o->diff_rename_limit = -1;
+	o->merge_rename_limit = -1;
+	git_config(merge_recursive_config, o);
+	if (getenv("GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY"))
+		o->verbosity =
+			strtol(getenv("GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY"), NULL, 10);
+	if (o->verbosity >= 5)
+		o->buffer_output = 0;
+	strbuf_init(&o->obuf, 0);
+	memset(&o->current_file_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	o->current_file_set.strdup_strings = 1;
+	memset(&o->current_directory_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	o->current_directory_set.strdup_strings = 1;
+}
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be8410a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef MERGE_RECURSIVE_H
+#define MERGE_RECURSIVE_H
+
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct merge_options {
+	const char *branch1;
+	const char *branch2;
+	enum {
+		MERGE_RECURSIVE_NORMAL = 0,
+		MERGE_RECURSIVE_OURS,
+		MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS,
+	} recursive_variant;
+	const char *subtree_shift;
+	unsigned buffer_output : 1;
+	int verbosity;
+	int diff_rename_limit;
+	int merge_rename_limit;
+	int call_depth;
+	struct strbuf obuf;
+	struct string_list current_file_set;
+	struct string_list current_directory_set;
+};
+
+/* Return a list of user-friendly error messages to be used by merge */
+struct unpack_trees_error_msgs get_porcelain_error_msgs(void);
+
+/* merge_trees() but with recursive ancestor consolidation */
+int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
+		    struct commit *h1,
+		    struct commit *h2,
+		    struct commit_list *ancestors,
+		    struct commit **result);
+
+/* rename-detecting three-way merge, no recursion */
+int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
+		struct tree *head,
+		struct tree *merge,
+		struct tree *common,
+		struct tree **result);
+
+/*
+ * "git-merge-recursive" can be fed trees; wrap them into
+ * virtual commits and call merge_recursive() proper.
+ */
+int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *o,
+			    const unsigned char *head,
+			    const unsigned char *merge,
+			    int num_ca,
+			    const unsigned char **ca,
+			    struct commit **result);
+
+void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o);
+struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0031d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * name-hash.c
+ *
+ * Hashing names in the index state
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Linus Torvalds
+ */
+#define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
+#include "cache.h"
+
+/*
+ * This removes bit 5 if bit 6 is set.
+ *
+ * That will make US-ASCII characters hash to their upper-case
+ * equivalent. We could easily do this one whole word at a time,
+ * but that's for future worries.
+ */
+static inline unsigned char icase_hash(unsigned char c)
+{
+	return c & ~((c & 0x40) >> 1);
+}
+
+static unsigned int hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
+
+	do {
+		unsigned char c = *name++;
+		c = icase_hash(c);
+		hash = hash*101 + c;
+	} while (--namelen);
+	return hash;
+}
+
+static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	void **pos;
+	unsigned int hash;
+
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED)
+		return;
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_HASHED;
+	ce->next = NULL;
+	hash = hash_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
+	if (pos) {
+		ce->next = *pos;
+		*pos = ce;
+	}
+}
+
+static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	int nr;
+
+	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
+		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;
+}
+
+void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNHASHED;
+	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		hash_index_entry(istate, ce);
+}
+
+static int slow_same_name(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
+{
+	if (len1 != len2)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (len1) {
+		unsigned char c1 = *name1++;
+		unsigned char c2 = *name2++;
+		len1--;
+		if (c1 != c2) {
+			c1 = toupper(c1);
+			c2 = toupper(c2);
+			if (c1 != c2)
+				return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+{
+	int len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+	/*
+	 * Always do exact compare, even if we want a case-ignoring comparison;
+	 * we do the quick exact one first, because it will be the common case.
+	 */
+	if (len == namelen && !cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, len))
+		return 1;
+
+	return icase && slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
+	ce = lookup_hash(hash, &istate->name_hash);
+
+	while (ce) {
+		if (!(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNHASHED)) {
+			if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
+				return ce;
+		}
+		ce = ce->next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023adce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+
+/*
+ * Use a non-balancing simple 16-tree structure with struct int_node as
+ * internal nodes, and struct leaf_node as leaf nodes. Each int_node has a
+ * 16-array of pointers to its children.
+ * The bottom 2 bits of each pointer is used to identify the pointer type
+ * - ptr & 3 == 0 - NULL pointer, assert(ptr == NULL)
+ * - ptr & 3 == 1 - pointer to next internal node - cast to struct int_node *
+ * - ptr & 3 == 2 - pointer to note entry - cast to struct leaf_node *
+ * - ptr & 3 == 3 - pointer to subtree entry - cast to struct leaf_node *
+ *
+ * The root node is a statically allocated struct int_node.
+ */
+struct int_node {
+	void *a[16];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Leaf nodes come in two variants, note entries and subtree entries,
+ * distinguished by the LSb of the leaf node pointer (see above).
+ * As a note entry, the key is the SHA1 of the referenced commit, and the
+ * value is the SHA1 of the note object.
+ * As a subtree entry, the key is the prefix SHA1 (w/trailing NULs) of the
+ * referenced commit, using the last byte of the key to store the length of
+ * the prefix. The value is the SHA1 of the tree object containing the notes
+ * subtree.
+ */
+struct leaf_node {
+	unsigned char key_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char val_sha1[20];
+};
+
+#define PTR_TYPE_NULL     0
+#define PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL 1
+#define PTR_TYPE_NOTE     2
+#define PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE  3
+
+#define GET_PTR_TYPE(ptr)       ((uintptr_t) (ptr) & 3)
+#define CLR_PTR_TYPE(ptr)       ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (ptr) & ~3))
+#define SET_PTR_TYPE(ptr, type) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (ptr) | (type)))
+
+#define GET_NIBBLE(n, sha1) (((sha1[n >> 1]) >> ((~n & 0x01) << 2)) & 0x0f)
+
+#define SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(key_sha1, subtree_sha1) \
+	(memcmp(key_sha1, subtree_sha1, subtree_sha1[19]))
+
+static struct int_node root_node;
+
+static int initialized;
+
+static void load_subtree(struct leaf_node *subtree, struct int_node *node,
+		unsigned int n);
+
+/*
+ * Search the tree until the appropriate location for the given key is found:
+ * 1. Start at the root node, with n = 0
+ * 2. If a[0] at the current level is a matching subtree entry, unpack that
+ *    subtree entry and remove it; restart search at the current level.
+ * 3. Use the nth nibble of the key as an index into a:
+ *    - If a[n] is an int_node, recurse from #2 into that node and increment n
+ *    - If a matching subtree entry, unpack that subtree entry (and remove it);
+ *      restart search at the current level.
+ *    - Otherwise, we have found one of the following:
+ *      - a subtree entry which does not match the key
+ *      - a note entry which may or may not match the key
+ *      - an unused leaf node (NULL)
+ *      In any case, set *tree and *n, and return pointer to the tree location.
+ */
+static void **note_tree_search(struct int_node **tree,
+		unsigned char *n, const unsigned char *key_sha1)
+{
+	struct leaf_node *l;
+	unsigned char i;
+	void *p = (*tree)->a[0];
+
+	if (GET_PTR_TYPE(p) == PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE) {
+		l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+		if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+			/* unpack tree and resume search */
+			(*tree)->a[0] = NULL;
+			load_subtree(l, *tree, *n);
+			free(l);
+			return note_tree_search(tree, n, key_sha1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	i = GET_NIBBLE(*n, key_sha1);
+	p = (*tree)->a[i];
+	switch(GET_PTR_TYPE(p)) {
+	case PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL:
+		*tree = CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+		(*n)++;
+		return note_tree_search(tree, n, key_sha1);
+	case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+		l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+		if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+			/* unpack tree and resume search */
+			(*tree)->a[i] = NULL;
+			load_subtree(l, *tree, *n);
+			free(l);
+			return note_tree_search(tree, n, key_sha1);
+		}
+		/* fall through */
+	default:
+		return &((*tree)->a[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * To find a leaf_node:
+ * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given key:
+ * If a note entry with matching key, return the note entry, else return NULL.
+ */
+static struct leaf_node *note_tree_find(struct int_node *tree, unsigned char n,
+		const unsigned char *key_sha1)
+{
+	void **p = note_tree_search(&tree, &n, key_sha1);
+	if (GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_NOTE) {
+		struct leaf_node *l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
+		if (!hashcmp(key_sha1, l->key_sha1))
+			return l;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Create a new blob object by concatenating the two given blob objects */
+static int concatenate_notes(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
+		const unsigned char *new_sha1)
+{
+	char *cur_msg, *new_msg, *buf;
+	unsigned long cur_len, new_len, buf_len;
+	enum object_type cur_type, new_type;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* read in both note blob objects */
+	new_msg = read_sha1_file(new_sha1, &new_type, &new_len);
+	if (!new_msg || !new_len || new_type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(new_msg);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	cur_msg = read_sha1_file(cur_sha1, &cur_type, &cur_len);
+	if (!cur_msg || !cur_len || cur_type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(cur_msg);
+		free(new_msg);
+		hashcpy(cur_sha1, new_sha1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* we will separate the notes by a newline anyway */
+	if (cur_msg[cur_len - 1] == '\n')
+		cur_len--;
+
+	/* concatenate cur_msg and new_msg into buf */
+	buf_len = cur_len + 1 + new_len;
+	buf = (char *) xmalloc(buf_len);
+	memcpy(buf, cur_msg, cur_len);
+	buf[cur_len] = '\n';
+	memcpy(buf + cur_len + 1, new_msg, new_len);
+
+	free(cur_msg);
+	free(new_msg);
+
+	/* create a new blob object from buf */
+	ret = write_sha1_file(buf, buf_len, "blob", cur_sha1);
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * To insert a leaf_node:
+ * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given leaf_node's key:
+ * - If location is unused (NULL), store the tweaked pointer directly there
+ * - If location holds a note entry that matches the note-to-be-inserted, then
+ *   concatenate the two notes.
+ * - If location holds a note entry that matches the subtree-to-be-inserted,
+ *   then unpack the subtree-to-be-inserted into the location.
+ * - If location holds a matching subtree entry, unpack the subtree at that
+ *   location, and restart the insert operation from that level.
+ * - Else, create a new int_node, holding both the node-at-location and the
+ *   node-to-be-inserted, and store the new int_node into the location.
+ */
+static void note_tree_insert(struct int_node *tree, unsigned char n,
+		struct leaf_node *entry, unsigned char type)
+{
+	struct int_node *new_node;
+	struct leaf_node *l;
+	void **p = note_tree_search(&tree, &n, entry->key_sha1);
+
+	assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(entry) == 0); /* no type bits set */
+	l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
+	switch(GET_PTR_TYPE(*p)) {
+	case PTR_TYPE_NULL:
+		assert(!*p);
+		*p = SET_PTR_TYPE(entry, type);
+		return;
+	case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+		switch (type) {
+		case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+			if (!hashcmp(l->key_sha1, entry->key_sha1)) {
+				/* skip concatenation if l == entry */
+				if (!hashcmp(l->val_sha1, entry->val_sha1))
+					return;
+
+				if (concatenate_notes(l->val_sha1,
+						entry->val_sha1))
+					die("failed to concatenate note %s "
+					    "into note %s for commit %s",
+					    sha1_to_hex(entry->val_sha1),
+					    sha1_to_hex(l->val_sha1),
+					    sha1_to_hex(l->key_sha1));
+				free(entry);
+				return;
+			}
+			break;
+		case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+			if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(l->key_sha1,
+						    entry->key_sha1)) {
+				/* unpack 'entry' */
+				load_subtree(entry, tree, n);
+				free(entry);
+				return;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+		if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(entry->key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+			/* unpack 'l' and restart insert */
+			*p = NULL;
+			load_subtree(l, tree, n);
+			free(l);
+			note_tree_insert(tree, n, entry, type);
+			return;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* non-matching leaf_node */
+	assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_NOTE ||
+	       GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE);
+	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+	note_tree_insert(new_node, n + 1, l, GET_PTR_TYPE(*p));
+	*p = SET_PTR_TYPE(new_node, PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL);
+	note_tree_insert(new_node, n + 1, entry, type);
+}
+
+/* Free the entire notes data contained in the given tree */
+static void note_tree_free(struct int_node *tree)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+		void *p = tree->a[i];
+		switch(GET_PTR_TYPE(p)) {
+		case PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL:
+			note_tree_free(CLR_PTR_TYPE(p));
+			/* fall through */
+		case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+		case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+			free(CLR_PTR_TYPE(p));
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a partial SHA1 hex string to the corresponding partial SHA1 value.
+ * - hex      - Partial SHA1 segment in ASCII hex format
+ * - hex_len  - Length of above segment. Must be multiple of 2 between 0 and 40
+ * - sha1     - Partial SHA1 value is written here
+ * - sha1_len - Max #bytes to store in sha1, Must be >= hex_len / 2, and < 20
+ * Returns -1 on error (invalid arguments or invalid SHA1 (not in hex format).
+ * Otherwise, returns number of bytes written to sha1 (i.e. hex_len / 2).
+ * Pads sha1 with NULs up to sha1_len (not included in returned length).
+ */
+static int get_sha1_hex_segment(const char *hex, unsigned int hex_len,
+		unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int sha1_len)
+{
+	unsigned int i, len = hex_len >> 1;
+	if (hex_len % 2 != 0 || len > sha1_len)
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		unsigned int val = (hexval(hex[0]) << 4) | hexval(hex[1]);
+		if (val & ~0xff)
+			return -1;
+		*sha1++ = val;
+		hex += 2;
+	}
+	for (; i < sha1_len; i++)
+		*sha1++ = 0;
+	return len;
+}
+
+static void load_subtree(struct leaf_node *subtree, struct int_node *node,
+		unsigned int n)
+{
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+	unsigned int prefix_len;
+	void *buf;
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+
+	buf = fill_tree_descriptor(&desc, subtree->val_sha1);
+	if (!buf)
+		die("Could not read %s for notes-index",
+		     sha1_to_hex(subtree->val_sha1));
+
+	prefix_len = subtree->key_sha1[19];
+	assert(prefix_len * 2 >= n);
+	memcpy(commit_sha1, subtree->key_sha1, prefix_len);
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		int len = get_sha1_hex_segment(entry.path, strlen(entry.path),
+				commit_sha1 + prefix_len, 20 - prefix_len);
+		if (len < 0)
+			continue; /* entry.path is not a SHA1 sum. Skip */
+		len += prefix_len;
+
+		/*
+		 * If commit SHA1 is complete (len == 20), assume note object
+		 * If commit SHA1 is incomplete (len < 20), assume note subtree
+		 */
+		if (len <= 20) {
+			unsigned char type = PTR_TYPE_NOTE;
+			struct leaf_node *l = (struct leaf_node *)
+				xcalloc(sizeof(struct leaf_node), 1);
+			hashcpy(l->key_sha1, commit_sha1);
+			hashcpy(l->val_sha1, entry.sha1);
+			if (len < 20) {
+				if (!S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
+					continue; /* entry cannot be subtree */
+				l->key_sha1[19] = (unsigned char) len;
+				type = PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE;
+			}
+			note_tree_insert(node, n, l, type);
+		}
+	}
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static void initialize_notes(const char *notes_ref_name)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
+	unsigned mode;
+	struct leaf_node root_tree;
+
+	if (!notes_ref_name || read_ref(notes_ref_name, commit_sha1) ||
+	    get_tree_entry(commit_sha1, "", sha1, &mode))
+		return;
+
+	hashclr(root_tree.key_sha1);
+	hashcpy(root_tree.val_sha1, sha1);
+	load_subtree(&root_tree, &root_node, 0);
+}
+
+static unsigned char *lookup_notes(const unsigned char *commit_sha1)
+{
+	struct leaf_node *found = note_tree_find(&root_node, 0, commit_sha1);
+	if (found)
+		return found->val_sha1;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void free_notes(void)
+{
+	note_tree_free(&root_node);
+	memset(&root_node, 0, sizeof(struct int_node));
+	initialized = 0;
+}
+
+void get_commit_notes(const struct commit *commit, struct strbuf *sb,
+		const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+{
+	static const char utf8[] = "utf-8";
+	unsigned char *sha1;
+	char *msg, *msg_p;
+	unsigned long linelen, msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!initialized) {
+		const char *env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+		if (env)
+			notes_ref_name = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+		else if (!notes_ref_name)
+			notes_ref_name = GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF;
+		initialize_notes(notes_ref_name);
+		initialized = 1;
+	}
+
+	sha1 = lookup_notes(commit->object.sha1);
+	if (!sha1)
+		return;
+
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &msglen)) || !msglen ||
+			type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(msg);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (output_encoding && *output_encoding &&
+			strcmp(utf8, output_encoding)) {
+		char *reencoded = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, utf8);
+		if (reencoded) {
+			free(msg);
+			msg = reencoded;
+			msglen = strlen(msg);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* we will end the annotation by a newline anyway */
+	if (msglen && msg[msglen - 1] == '\n')
+		msglen--;
+
+	if (flags & NOTES_SHOW_HEADER)
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
+
+	for (msg_p = msg; msg_p < msg + msglen; msg_p += linelen + 1) {
+		linelen = strchrnul(msg_p, '\n') - msg_p;
+
+		if (flags & NOTES_INDENT)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
+		strbuf_add(sb, msg_p, linelen);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+
+	free(msg);
+}
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1421e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef NOTES_H
+#define NOTES_H
+
+/* Free (and de-initialize) the internal notes tree structure */
+void free_notes(void);
+
+#define NOTES_SHOW_HEADER 1
+#define NOTES_INDENT 2
+
+void get_commit_notes(const struct commit *commit, struct strbuf *sb,
+		const char *output_encoding, int flags);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ca92c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/object.c
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+
+static struct object **obj_hash;
+static int nr_objs, obj_hash_size;
+
+unsigned int get_max_object_index(void)
+{
+	return obj_hash_size;
+}
+
+struct object *get_indexed_object(unsigned int idx)
+{
+	return obj_hash[idx];
+}
+
+static const char *object_type_strings[] = {
+	NULL,		/* OBJ_NONE = 0 */
+	"commit",	/* OBJ_COMMIT = 1 */
+	"tree",		/* OBJ_TREE = 2 */
+	"blob",		/* OBJ_BLOB = 3 */
+	"tag",		/* OBJ_TAG = 4 */
+};
+
+const char *typename(unsigned int type)
+{
+	if (type >= ARRAY_SIZE(object_type_strings))
+		return NULL;
+	return object_type_strings[type];
+}
+
+int type_from_string(const char *str)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(object_type_strings); i++)
+		if (!strcmp(str, object_type_strings[i]))
+			return i;
+	die("invalid object type \"%s\"", str);
+}
+
+static unsigned int hash_obj(struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
+{
+	unsigned int hash;
+	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
+	return hash % n;
+}
+
+static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned int size)
+{
+	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj, size);
+
+	while (hash[j]) {
+		j++;
+		if (j >= size)
+			j = 0;
+	}
+	hash[j] = obj;
+}
+
+static unsigned int hashtable_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	memcpy(&i, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
+	return i % obj_hash_size;
+}
+
+struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	struct object *obj;
+
+	if (!obj_hash)
+		return NULL;
+
+	i = hashtable_index(sha1);
+	while ((obj = obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->sha1))
+			break;
+		i++;
+		if (i == obj_hash_size)
+			i = 0;
+	}
+	return obj;
+}
+
+static void grow_object_hash(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	int new_hash_size = obj_hash_size < 32 ? 32 : 2 * obj_hash_size;
+	struct object **new_hash;
+
+	new_hash = xcalloc(new_hash_size, sizeof(struct object *));
+	for (i = 0; i < obj_hash_size; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = obj_hash[i];
+		if (!obj)
+			continue;
+		insert_obj_hash(obj, new_hash, new_hash_size);
+	}
+	free(obj_hash);
+	obj_hash = new_hash;
+	obj_hash_size = new_hash_size;
+}
+
+void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *o)
+{
+	struct object *obj = o;
+
+	obj->parsed = 0;
+	obj->used = 0;
+	obj->type = type;
+	obj->flags = 0;
+	hashcpy(obj->sha1, sha1);
+
+	if (obj_hash_size - 1 <= nr_objs * 2)
+		grow_object_hash();
+
+	insert_obj_hash(obj, obj_hash, obj_hash_size);
+	nr_objs++;
+	return obj;
+}
+
+struct object *lookup_unknown_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		obj = create_object(sha1, OBJ_NONE, alloc_object_node());
+	return obj;
+}
+
+struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int eaten = 0;
+
+	obj = NULL;
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(sha1);
+		if (blob) {
+			if (parse_blob_buffer(blob, buffer, size))
+				return NULL;
+			obj = &blob->object;
+		}
+	} else if (type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(sha1);
+		if (tree) {
+			obj = &tree->object;
+			if (!tree->object.parsed) {
+				if (parse_tree_buffer(tree, buffer, size))
+					return NULL;
+				eaten = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	} else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+		if (commit) {
+			if (parse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size))
+				return NULL;
+			if (!commit->buffer) {
+				commit->buffer = buffer;
+				eaten = 1;
+			}
+			obj = &commit->object;
+		}
+	} else if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *tag = lookup_tag(sha1);
+		if (tag) {
+			if (parse_tag_buffer(tag, buffer, size))
+			       return NULL;
+			obj = &tag->object;
+		}
+	} else {
+		warning("object %s has unknown type id %d\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), type);
+		obj = NULL;
+	}
+	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_NONE)
+		obj->type = type;
+	*eaten_p = eaten;
+	return obj;
+}
+
+struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	int eaten;
+	const unsigned char *repl;
+	void *buffer = read_sha1_file_repl(sha1, &type, &size, &repl);
+
+	if (buffer) {
+		struct object *obj;
+		if (check_sha1_signature(repl, buffer, size, typename(type)) < 0) {
+			free(buffer);
+			error("sha1 mismatch %s\n", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		obj = parse_object_buffer(repl, type, size, buffer, &eaten);
+		if (!eaten)
+			free(buffer);
+		return obj;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct object_list *object_list_insert(struct object *item,
+				       struct object_list **list_p)
+{
+	struct object_list *new_list = xmalloc(sizeof(struct object_list));
+        new_list->item = item;
+        new_list->next = *list_p;
+        *list_p = new_list;
+        return new_list;
+}
+
+int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		if (list->item == obj)
+			return 1;
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
+{
+	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID);
+}
+
+void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr;
+	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	if (nr >= alloc) {
+		alloc = (alloc + 32) * 2;
+		objects = xrealloc(objects, alloc * sizeof(*objects));
+		array->alloc = alloc;
+		array->objects = objects;
+	}
+	objects[nr].item = obj;
+	objects[nr].name = name;
+	objects[nr].mode = mode;
+	array->nr = ++nr;
+}
+
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	int ref, src, dst;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	for (ref = 0; ref < array->nr - 1; ref++) {
+		for (src = ref + 1, dst = src;
+		     src < array->nr;
+		     src++) {
+			if (!strcmp(objects[ref].name, objects[src].name))
+				continue;
+			if (src != dst)
+				objects[dst] = objects[src];
+			dst++;
+		}
+		array->nr = dst;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82877c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/object.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#ifndef OBJECT_H
+#define OBJECT_H
+
+struct object_list {
+	struct object *item;
+	struct object_list *next;
+};
+
+struct object_refs {
+	unsigned count;
+	struct object *ref[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+struct object_array {
+	unsigned int nr;
+	unsigned int alloc;
+	struct object_array_entry {
+		struct object *item;
+		const char *name;
+		unsigned mode;
+	} *objects;
+};
+
+#define TYPE_BITS   3
+#define FLAG_BITS  27
+
+/*
+ * The object type is stored in 3 bits.
+ */
+struct object {
+	unsigned parsed : 1;
+	unsigned used : 1;
+	unsigned type : TYPE_BITS;
+	unsigned flags : FLAG_BITS;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
+
+extern const char *typename(unsigned int type);
+extern int type_from_string(const char *str);
+
+extern unsigned int get_max_object_index(void);
+extern struct object *get_indexed_object(unsigned int);
+
+/*
+ * This can be used to see if we have heard of the object before, but
+ * it can return "yes we have, and here is a half-initialised object"
+ * for an object that we haven't loaded/parsed yet.
+ *
+ * When parsing a commit to create an in-core commit object, its
+ * parents list holds commit objects that represent its parents, but
+ * they are expected to be lazily initialized and do not know what
+ * their trees or parents are yet.  When this function returns such a
+ * half-initialised objects, the caller is expected to initialize them
+ * by calling parse_object() on them.
+ */
+struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *obj);
+
+/** Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is. **/
+struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/* Given the result of read_sha1_file(), returns the object after
+ * parsing it.  eaten_p indicates if the object has a borrowed copy
+ * of buffer and the caller should not free() it.
+ */
+struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p);
+
+/** Returns the object, with potentially excess memory allocated. **/
+struct object *lookup_unknown_object(const unsigned  char *sha1);
+
+struct object_list *object_list_insert(struct object *item,
+				       struct object_list **list_p);
+
+int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj);
+
+/* Object array handling .. */
+void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array);
+void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode);
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *);
+
+#endif /* OBJECT_H */
diff --git a/pack-check.c b/pack-check.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..166ca70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-check.c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+
+struct idx_entry
+{
+	off_t                offset;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned int nr;
+};
+
+static int compare_entries(const void *e1, const void *e2)
+{
+	const struct idx_entry *entry1 = e1;
+	const struct idx_entry *entry2 = e2;
+	if (entry1->offset < entry2->offset)
+		return -1;
+	if (entry1->offset > entry2->offset)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int check_pack_crc(struct packed_git *p, struct pack_window **w_curs,
+		   off_t offset, off_t len, unsigned int nr)
+{
+	const uint32_t *index_crc;
+	uint32_t data_crc = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
+
+	do {
+		unsigned int avail;
+		void *data = use_pack(p, w_curs, offset, &avail);
+		if (avail > len)
+			avail = len;
+		data_crc = crc32(data_crc, data, avail);
+		offset += avail;
+		len -= avail;
+	} while (len);
+
+	index_crc = p->index_data;
+	index_crc += 2 + 256 + p->num_objects * (20/4) + nr;
+
+	return data_crc != ntohl(*index_crc);
+}
+
+static int verify_packfile(struct packed_git *p,
+		struct pack_window **w_curs)
+{
+	off_t index_size = p->index_size;
+	const unsigned char *index_base = p->index_data;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	unsigned char sha1[20], *pack_sig;
+	off_t offset = 0, pack_sig_ofs = 0;
+	uint32_t nr_objects, i;
+	int err = 0;
+	struct idx_entry *entries;
+
+	/* Note that the pack header checks are actually performed by
+	 * use_pack when it first opens the pack file.  If anything
+	 * goes wrong during those checks then the call will die out
+	 * immediately.
+	 */
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	do {
+		unsigned int remaining;
+		unsigned char *in = use_pack(p, w_curs, offset, &remaining);
+		offset += remaining;
+		if (!pack_sig_ofs)
+			pack_sig_ofs = p->pack_size - 20;
+		if (offset > pack_sig_ofs)
+			remaining -= (unsigned int)(offset - pack_sig_ofs);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, in, remaining);
+	} while (offset < pack_sig_ofs);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	pack_sig = use_pack(p, w_curs, pack_sig_ofs, NULL);
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, pack_sig))
+		err = error("%s SHA1 checksum mismatch",
+			    p->pack_name);
+	if (hashcmp(index_base + index_size - 40, pack_sig))
+		err = error("%s SHA1 does not match its inddex",
+			    p->pack_name);
+	unuse_pack(w_curs);
+
+	/* Make sure everything reachable from idx is valid.  Since we
+	 * have verified that nr_objects matches between idx and pack,
+	 * we do not do scan-streaming check on the pack file.
+	 */
+	nr_objects = p->num_objects;
+	entries = xmalloc((nr_objects + 1) * sizeof(*entries));
+	entries[nr_objects].offset = pack_sig_ofs;
+	/* first sort entries by pack offset, since unpacking them is more efficient that way */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		entries[i].sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+		if (!entries[i].sha1)
+			die("internal error pack-check nth-packed-object");
+		entries[i].offset = nth_packed_object_offset(p, i);
+		entries[i].nr = i;
+	}
+	qsort(entries, nr_objects, sizeof(*entries), compare_entries);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		void *data;
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		if (p->index_version > 1) {
+			off_t offset = entries[i].offset;
+			off_t len = entries[i+1].offset - offset;
+			unsigned int nr = entries[i].nr;
+			if (check_pack_crc(p, w_curs, offset, len, nr))
+				err = error("index CRC mismatch for object %s "
+					    "from %s at offset %"PRIuMAX"",
+					    sha1_to_hex(entries[i].sha1),
+					    p->pack_name, (uintmax_t)offset);
+		}
+		data = unpack_entry(p, entries[i].offset, &type, &size);
+		if (!data) {
+			err = error("cannot unpack %s from %s at offset %"PRIuMAX"",
+				    sha1_to_hex(entries[i].sha1), p->pack_name,
+				    (uintmax_t)entries[i].offset);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (check_sha1_signature(entries[i].sha1, data, size, typename(type))) {
+			err = error("packed %s from %s is corrupt",
+				    sha1_to_hex(entries[i].sha1), p->pack_name);
+			free(data);
+			break;
+		}
+		free(data);
+	}
+	free(entries);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int verify_pack(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	off_t index_size;
+	const unsigned char *index_base;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int err = 0;
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+
+	if (open_pack_index(p))
+		return error("packfile %s index not opened", p->pack_name);
+	index_size = p->index_size;
+	index_base = p->index_data;
+
+	/* Verify SHA1 sum of the index file */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, index_base, (unsigned int)(index_size - 20));
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, index_base + index_size - 20))
+		err = error("Packfile index for %s SHA1 mismatch",
+			    p->pack_name);
+
+	/* Verify pack file */
+	err |= verify_packfile(p, &w_curs);
+	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/pack-refs.c b/pack-refs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f43f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-refs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "pack-refs.h"
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+	struct ref_to_prune *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+	FILE *refs_file;
+};
+
+static int do_not_prune(int flags)
+{
+	/* If it is already packed or if it is a symref,
+	 * do not prune it.
+	 */
+	return (flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISPACKED));
+}
+
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+	int is_tag_ref;
+
+	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
+	if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		return 0;
+	is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
+
+	/* ALWAYS pack refs that were already packed or are tags */
+	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref && !(flags & REF_ISPACKED))
+		return 0;
+
+	fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	if (is_tag_ref) {
+		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
+			if (o)
+				fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
+					sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE) && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
+		int namelen = strlen(path) + 1;
+		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
+		hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
+		strcpy(n->name, path);
+		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
+
+	if (lock) {
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+	}
+}
+
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		prune_ref(r);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct lock_file packed;
+
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
+
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.flags = flags;
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packed, git_path("packed-refs"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	cbdata.refs_file = fdopen(fd, "w");
+	if (!cbdata.refs_file)
+		die_errno("unable to create ref-pack file structure");
+
+	/* perhaps other traits later as well */
+	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled \n");
+
+	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
+	if (ferror(cbdata.refs_file))
+		die("failed to write ref-pack file");
+	if (fflush(cbdata.refs_file) || fsync(fd) || fclose(cbdata.refs_file))
+		die_errno("failed to write ref-pack file");
+	/*
+	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed and then fclose()'ed above,
+	 * assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
+	 * won't try to close() it.
+	 */
+	packed.fd = -1;
+	if (commit_lock_file(&packed) < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
+	if (cbdata.flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)
+		prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/pack-refs.h b/pack-refs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..518acfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-refs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef PACK_REFS_H
+#define PACK_REFS_H
+
+/*
+ * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
+ * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
+ * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
+ */
+#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
+#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
+
+/*
+ * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
+ * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
+ */
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
+
+#endif /* PACK_REFS_H */
diff --git a/pack-revindex.c b/pack-revindex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77a0465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-revindex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+
+/*
+ * Pack index for existing packs give us easy access to the offsets into
+ * corresponding pack file where each object's data starts, but the entries
+ * do not store the size of the compressed representation (uncompressed
+ * size is easily available by examining the pack entry header).  It is
+ * also rather expensive to find the sha1 for an object given its offset.
+ *
+ * We build a hashtable of existing packs (pack_revindex), and keep reverse
+ * index here -- pack index file is sorted by object name mapping to offset;
+ * this pack_revindex[].revindex array is a list of offset/index_nr pairs
+ * ordered by offset, so if you know the offset of an object, next offset
+ * is where its packed representation ends and the index_nr can be used to
+ * get the object sha1 from the main index.
+ */
+
+struct pack_revindex {
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
+};
+
+static struct pack_revindex *pack_revindex;
+static int pack_revindex_hashsz;
+
+static int pack_revindex_ix(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	unsigned long ui = (unsigned long)p;
+	int i;
+
+	ui = ui ^ (ui >> 16); /* defeat structure alignment */
+	i = (int)(ui % pack_revindex_hashsz);
+	while (pack_revindex[i].p) {
+		if (pack_revindex[i].p == p)
+			return i;
+		if (++i == pack_revindex_hashsz)
+			i = 0;
+	}
+	return -1 - i;
+}
+
+static void init_pack_revindex(void)
+{
+	int num;
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	for (num = 0, p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+		num++;
+	if (!num)
+		return;
+	pack_revindex_hashsz = num * 11;
+	pack_revindex = xcalloc(sizeof(*pack_revindex), pack_revindex_hashsz);
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		num = pack_revindex_ix(p);
+		num = - 1 - num;
+		pack_revindex[num].p = p;
+	}
+	/* revindex elements are lazily initialized */
+}
+
+static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct revindex_entry *a = a_;
+	const struct revindex_entry *b = b_;
+	return (a->offset < b->offset) ? -1 : (a->offset > b->offset) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ordered list of offsets of objects in the pack.
+ */
+static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = rix->p;
+	int num_ent = p->num_objects;
+	int i;
+	const char *index = p->index_data;
+
+	rix->revindex = xmalloc(sizeof(*rix->revindex) * (num_ent + 1));
+	index += 4 * 256;
+
+	if (p->index_version > 1) {
+		const uint32_t *off_32 =
+			(uint32_t *)(index + 8 + p->num_objects * (20 + 4));
+		const uint32_t *off_64 = off_32 + p->num_objects;
+		for (i = 0; i < num_ent; i++) {
+			uint32_t off = ntohl(*off_32++);
+			if (!(off & 0x80000000)) {
+				rix->revindex[i].offset = off;
+			} else {
+				rix->revindex[i].offset =
+					((uint64_t)ntohl(*off_64++)) << 32;
+				rix->revindex[i].offset |=
+					ntohl(*off_64++);
+			}
+			rix->revindex[i].nr = i;
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < num_ent; i++) {
+			uint32_t hl = *((uint32_t *)(index + 24 * i));
+			rix->revindex[i].offset = ntohl(hl);
+			rix->revindex[i].nr = i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* This knows the pack format -- the 20-byte trailer
+	 * follows immediately after the last object data.
+	 */
+	rix->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
+	rix->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
+	qsort(rix->revindex, num_ent, sizeof(*rix->revindex), cmp_offset);
+}
+
+struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
+{
+	int num;
+	int lo, hi;
+	struct pack_revindex *rix;
+	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
+
+	if (!pack_revindex_hashsz)
+		init_pack_revindex();
+	num = pack_revindex_ix(p);
+	if (num < 0)
+		die("internal error: pack revindex fubar");
+
+	rix = &pack_revindex[num];
+	if (!rix->revindex)
+		create_pack_revindex(rix);
+	revindex = rix->revindex;
+
+	lo = 0;
+	hi = p->num_objects + 1;
+	do {
+		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		if (revindex[mi].offset == ofs) {
+			return revindex + mi;
+		} else if (ofs < revindex[mi].offset)
+			hi = mi;
+		else
+			lo = mi + 1;
+	} while (lo < hi);
+	error("bad offset for revindex");
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void discard_revindex(void)
+{
+	if (pack_revindex_hashsz) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pack_revindex_hashsz; i++)
+			free(pack_revindex[i].revindex);
+		free(pack_revindex);
+		pack_revindex_hashsz = 0;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pack-revindex.h b/pack-revindex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5027a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-revindex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef PACK_REVINDEX_H
+#define PACK_REVINDEX_H
+
+struct revindex_entry {
+	off_t offset;
+	unsigned int nr;
+};
+
+struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs);
+void discard_revindex(void);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/pack-write.c b/pack-write.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f47cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "csum-file.h"
+
+uint32_t pack_idx_default_version = 2;
+uint32_t pack_idx_off32_limit = 0x7fffffff;
+
+static int sha1_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	struct pack_idx_entry *a = *(struct pack_idx_entry **)_a;
+	struct pack_idx_entry *b = *(struct pack_idx_entry **)_b;
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * On entry *sha1 contains the pack content SHA1 hash, on exit it is
+ * the SHA1 hash of sorted object names. The objects array passed in
+ * will be sorted by SHA1 on exit.
+ */
+const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects,
+			   int nr_objects, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct sha1file *f;
+	struct pack_idx_entry **sorted_by_sha, **list, **last;
+	off_t last_obj_offset = 0;
+	uint32_t array[256];
+	int i, fd;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	uint32_t index_version;
+
+	if (nr_objects) {
+		sorted_by_sha = objects;
+		list = sorted_by_sha;
+		last = sorted_by_sha + nr_objects;
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; ++i) {
+			if (objects[i]->offset > last_obj_offset)
+				last_obj_offset = objects[i]->offset;
+		}
+		qsort(sorted_by_sha, nr_objects, sizeof(sorted_by_sha[0]),
+		      sha1_compare);
+	}
+	else
+		sorted_by_sha = list = last = NULL;
+
+	if (!index_name) {
+		static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+		fd = odb_mkstemp(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), "pack/tmp_idx_XXXXXX");
+		index_name = xstrdup(tmpfile);
+	} else {
+		unlink(index_name);
+		fd = open(index_name, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0600);
+	}
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to create '%s'", index_name);
+	f = sha1fd(fd, index_name);
+
+	/* if last object's offset is >= 2^31 we should use index V2 */
+	index_version = (last_obj_offset >> 31) ? 2 : pack_idx_default_version;
+
+	/* index versions 2 and above need a header */
+	if (index_version >= 2) {
+		struct pack_idx_header hdr;
+		hdr.idx_signature = htonl(PACK_IDX_SIGNATURE);
+		hdr.idx_version = htonl(index_version);
+		sha1write(f, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Write the first-level table (the list is sorted,
+	 * but we use a 256-entry lookup to be able to avoid
+	 * having to do eight extra binary search iterations).
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		struct pack_idx_entry **next = list;
+		while (next < last) {
+			struct pack_idx_entry *obj = *next;
+			if (obj->sha1[0] != i)
+				break;
+			next++;
+		}
+		array[i] = htonl(next - sorted_by_sha);
+		list = next;
+	}
+	sha1write(f, array, 256 * 4);
+
+	/* compute the SHA1 hash of sorted object names. */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+
+	/*
+	 * Write the actual SHA1 entries..
+	 */
+	list = sorted_by_sha;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct pack_idx_entry *obj = *list++;
+		if (index_version < 2) {
+			uint32_t offset = htonl(obj->offset);
+			sha1write(f, &offset, 4);
+		}
+		sha1write(f, obj->sha1, 20);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, obj->sha1, 20);
+	}
+
+	if (index_version >= 2) {
+		unsigned int nr_large_offset = 0;
+
+		/* write the crc32 table */
+		list = sorted_by_sha;
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+			struct pack_idx_entry *obj = *list++;
+			uint32_t crc32_val = htonl(obj->crc32);
+			sha1write(f, &crc32_val, 4);
+		}
+
+		/* write the 32-bit offset table */
+		list = sorted_by_sha;
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+			struct pack_idx_entry *obj = *list++;
+			uint32_t offset = (obj->offset <= pack_idx_off32_limit) ?
+				obj->offset : (0x80000000 | nr_large_offset++);
+			offset = htonl(offset);
+			sha1write(f, &offset, 4);
+		}
+
+		/* write the large offset table */
+		list = sorted_by_sha;
+		while (nr_large_offset) {
+			struct pack_idx_entry *obj = *list++;
+			uint64_t offset = obj->offset;
+			if (offset > pack_idx_off32_limit) {
+				uint32_t split[2];
+				split[0] = htonl(offset >> 32);
+				split[1] = htonl(offset & 0xffffffff);
+				sha1write(f, split, 8);
+				nr_large_offset--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sha1write(f, sha1, 20);
+	sha1close(f, NULL, CSUM_FSYNC);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	return index_name;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update pack header with object_count and compute new SHA1 for pack data
+ * associated to pack_fd, and write that SHA1 at the end.  That new SHA1
+ * is also returned in new_pack_sha1.
+ *
+ * If partial_pack_sha1 is non null, then the SHA1 of the existing pack
+ * (without the header update) is computed and validated against the
+ * one provided in partial_pack_sha1.  The validation is performed at
+ * partial_pack_offset bytes in the pack file.  The SHA1 of the remaining
+ * data (i.e. from partial_pack_offset to the end) is then computed and
+ * returned in partial_pack_sha1.
+ *
+ * Note that new_pack_sha1 is updated last, so both new_pack_sha1 and
+ * partial_pack_sha1 can refer to the same buffer if the caller is not
+ * interested in the resulting SHA1 of pack data above partial_pack_offset.
+ */
+void fixup_pack_header_footer(int pack_fd,
+			 unsigned char *new_pack_sha1,
+			 const char *pack_name,
+			 uint32_t object_count,
+			 unsigned char *partial_pack_sha1,
+			 off_t partial_pack_offset)
+{
+	int aligned_sz, buf_sz = 8 * 1024;
+	git_SHA_CTX old_sha1_ctx, new_sha1_ctx;
+	struct pack_header hdr;
+	char *buf;
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&old_sha1_ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Init(&new_sha1_ctx);
+
+	if (lseek(pack_fd, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
+		die_errno("Failed seeking to start of '%s'", pack_name);
+	if (read_in_full(pack_fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != sizeof(hdr))
+		die_errno("Unable to reread header of '%s'", pack_name);
+	if (lseek(pack_fd, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
+		die_errno("Failed seeking to start of '%s'", pack_name);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&old_sha1_ctx, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+	hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(object_count);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&new_sha1_ctx, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+	write_or_die(pack_fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+	partial_pack_offset -= sizeof(hdr);
+
+	buf = xmalloc(buf_sz);
+	aligned_sz = buf_sz - sizeof(hdr);
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t m, n;
+		m = (partial_pack_sha1 && partial_pack_offset < aligned_sz) ?
+			partial_pack_offset : aligned_sz;
+		n = xread(pack_fd, buf, m);
+		if (!n)
+			break;
+		if (n < 0)
+			die_errno("Failed to checksum '%s'", pack_name);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&new_sha1_ctx, buf, n);
+
+		aligned_sz -= n;
+		if (!aligned_sz)
+			aligned_sz = buf_sz;
+
+		if (!partial_pack_sha1)
+			continue;
+
+		git_SHA1_Update(&old_sha1_ctx, buf, n);
+		partial_pack_offset -= n;
+		if (partial_pack_offset == 0) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &old_sha1_ctx);
+			if (hashcmp(sha1, partial_pack_sha1) != 0)
+				die("Unexpected checksum for %s "
+				    "(disk corruption?)", pack_name);
+			/*
+			 * Now let's compute the SHA1 of the remainder of the
+			 * pack, which also means making partial_pack_offset
+			 * big enough not to matter anymore.
+			 */
+			git_SHA1_Init(&old_sha1_ctx);
+			partial_pack_offset = ~partial_pack_offset;
+			partial_pack_offset -= MSB(partial_pack_offset, 1);
+		}
+	}
+	free(buf);
+
+	if (partial_pack_sha1)
+		git_SHA1_Final(partial_pack_sha1, &old_sha1_ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Final(new_pack_sha1, &new_sha1_ctx);
+	write_or_die(pack_fd, new_pack_sha1, 20);
+	fsync_or_die(pack_fd, pack_name);
+}
+
+char *index_pack_lockfile(int ip_out)
+{
+	char packname[46];
+
+	/*
+	 * The first thing we expect from index-pack's output
+	 * is "pack\t%40s\n" or "keep\t%40s\n" (46 bytes) where
+	 * %40s is the newly created pack SHA1 name.  In the "keep"
+	 * case, we need it to remove the corresponding .keep file
+	 * later on.  If we don't get that then tough luck with it.
+	 */
+	if (read_in_full(ip_out, packname, 46) == 46 && packname[45] == '\n' &&
+	    memcmp(packname, "keep\t", 5) == 0) {
+		char path[PATH_MAX];
+		packname[45] = 0;
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
+			 get_object_directory(), packname + 5);
+		return xstrdup(path);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/pack.h b/pack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b759a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#ifndef PACK_H
+#define PACK_H
+
+#include "object.h"
+
+/*
+ * Packed object header
+ */
+#define PACK_SIGNATURE 0x5041434b	/* "PACK" */
+#define PACK_VERSION 2
+#define pack_version_ok(v) ((v) == htonl(2) || (v) == htonl(3))
+struct pack_header {
+	uint32_t hdr_signature;
+	uint32_t hdr_version;
+	uint32_t hdr_entries;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The first four bytes of index formats later than version 1 should
+ * start with this signature, as all older git binaries would find this
+ * value illegal and abort reading the file.
+ *
+ * This is the case because the number of objects in a packfile
+ * cannot exceed 1,431,660,000 as every object would need at least
+ * 3 bytes of data and the overall packfile cannot exceed 4 GiB with
+ * version 1 of the index file due to the offsets limited to 32 bits.
+ * Clearly the signature exceeds this maximum.
+ *
+ * Very old git binaries will also compare the first 4 bytes to the
+ * next 4 bytes in the index and abort with a "non-monotonic index"
+ * error if the second 4 byte word is smaller than the first 4
+ * byte word.  This would be true in the proposed future index
+ * format as idx_signature would be greater than idx_version.
+ */
+#define PACK_IDX_SIGNATURE 0xff744f63	/* "\377tOc" */
+
+/* These may be overridden by command-line parameters */
+extern uint32_t pack_idx_default_version;
+extern uint32_t pack_idx_off32_limit;
+
+/*
+ * Packed object index header
+ */
+struct pack_idx_header {
+	uint32_t idx_signature;
+	uint32_t idx_version;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Common part of object structure used for write_idx_file
+ */
+struct pack_idx_entry {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	uint32_t crc32;
+	off_t offset;
+};
+
+extern const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects, int nr_objects, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int check_pack_crc(struct packed_git *p, struct pack_window **w_curs, off_t offset, off_t len, unsigned int nr);
+extern int verify_pack(struct packed_git *);
+extern void fixup_pack_header_footer(int, unsigned char *, const char *, uint32_t, unsigned char *, off_t);
+extern char *index_pack_lockfile(int fd);
+
+#define PH_ERROR_EOF		(-1)
+#define PH_ERROR_PACK_SIGNATURE	(-2)
+#define PH_ERROR_PROTOCOL	(-3)
+extern int read_pack_header(int fd, struct pack_header *);
+#endif
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7e8ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+
+#ifndef DEFAULT_PAGER
+#define DEFAULT_PAGER "less"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * This is split up from the rest of git so that we can do
+ * something different on Windows.
+ */
+
+static int spawned_pager;
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+static void pager_preexec(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Work around bug in "less" by not starting it until we
+	 * have real input
+	 */
+	fd_set in;
+
+	FD_ZERO(&in);
+	FD_SET(0, &in);
+	select(1, &in, NULL, &in, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static const char *pager_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
+static struct child_process pager_process;
+
+static void wait_for_pager(void)
+{
+	fflush(stdout);
+	fflush(stderr);
+	/* signal EOF to pager */
+	close(1);
+	close(2);
+	finish_command(&pager_process);
+}
+
+static void wait_for_pager_signal(int signo)
+{
+	wait_for_pager();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+const char *git_pager(void)
+{
+	const char *pager;
+
+	if (!isatty(1))
+		return NULL;
+
+	pager = getenv("GIT_PAGER");
+	if (!pager) {
+		if (!pager_program)
+			git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+		pager = pager_program;
+	}
+	if (!pager)
+		pager = getenv("PAGER");
+	if (!pager)
+		pager = DEFAULT_PAGER;
+	else if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
+		pager = NULL;
+
+	return pager;
+}
+
+void setup_pager(void)
+{
+	const char *pager = git_pager();
+
+	if (!pager)
+		return;
+
+	spawned_pager = 1; /* means we are emitting to terminal */
+
+	/* spawn the pager */
+	pager_argv[0] = pager;
+	pager_process.use_shell = 1;
+	pager_process.argv = pager_argv;
+	pager_process.in = -1;
+	if (!getenv("LESS")) {
+		static const char *env[] = { "LESS=FRSX", NULL };
+		pager_process.env = env;
+	}
+#ifndef WIN32
+	pager_process.preexec_cb = pager_preexec;
+#endif
+	if (start_command(&pager_process))
+		return;
+
+	/* original process continues, but writes to the pipe */
+	dup2(pager_process.in, 1);
+	if (isatty(2))
+		dup2(pager_process.in, 2);
+	close(pager_process.in);
+
+	/* this makes sure that the parent terminates after the pager */
+	sigchain_push_common(wait_for_pager_signal);
+	atexit(wait_for_pager);
+}
+
+int pager_in_use(void)
+{
+	const char *env;
+
+	if (spawned_pager)
+		return 1;
+
+	env = getenv("GIT_PAGER_IN_USE");
+	return env ? git_config_bool("GIT_PAGER_IN_USE", env) : 0;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d218122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+
+static int parse_options_usage(const char * const *usagestr,
+			       const struct option *opts);
+
+#define OPT_SHORT 1
+#define OPT_UNSET 2
+
+static int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
+		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
+		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+}
+
+static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
+		   int flags, const char **arg)
+{
+	if (p->opt) {
+		*arg = p->opt;
+		p->opt = NULL;
+	} else if (p->argc == 1 && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT)) {
+		*arg = (const char *)opt->defval;
+	} else if (p->argc > 1) {
+		p->argc--;
+		*arg = *++p->argv;
+	} else
+		return opterror(opt, "requires a value", flags);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void fix_filename(const char *prefix, const char **file)
+{
+	if (!file || !*file || !prefix || is_absolute_path(*file)
+	    || !strcmp("-", *file))
+		return;
+	*file = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), *file));
+}
+
+static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
+		     const struct option *opt, int flags)
+{
+	const char *s, *arg;
+	const int unset = flags & OPT_UNSET;
+	int err;
+
+	if (unset && p->opt)
+		return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
+	if (unset && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
+		return opterror(opt, "isn't available", flags);
+
+	if (!(flags & OPT_SHORT) && p->opt) {
+		switch (opt->type) {
+		case OPTION_CALLBACK:
+			if (!(opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+				break;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		case OPTION_BOOLEAN:
+		case OPTION_BIT:
+		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
+		case OPTION_SET_INT:
+		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
+			return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch (opt->type) {
+	case OPTION_BIT:
+		if (unset)
+			*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->defval;
+		else
+			*(int *)opt->value |= opt->defval;
+		return 0;
+
+	case OPTION_NEGBIT:
+		if (unset)
+			*(int *)opt->value |= opt->defval;
+		else
+			*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->defval;
+		return 0;
+
+	case OPTION_BOOLEAN:
+		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : *(int *)opt->value + 1;
+		return 0;
+
+	case OPTION_SET_INT:
+		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : opt->defval;
+		return 0;
+
+	case OPTION_SET_PTR:
+		*(void **)opt->value = unset ? NULL : (void *)opt->defval;
+		return 0;
+
+	case OPTION_STRING:
+		if (unset)
+			*(const char **)opt->value = NULL;
+		else if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt)
+			*(const char **)opt->value = (const char *)opt->defval;
+		else
+			return get_arg(p, opt, flags, (const char **)opt->value);
+		return 0;
+
+	case OPTION_FILENAME:
+		err = 0;
+		if (unset)
+			*(const char **)opt->value = NULL;
+		else if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt)
+			*(const char **)opt->value = (const char *)opt->defval;
+		else
+			err = get_arg(p, opt, flags, (const char **)opt->value);
+
+		if (!err)
+			fix_filename(p->prefix, (const char **)opt->value);
+		return err;
+
+	case OPTION_CALLBACK:
+		if (unset)
+			return (*opt->callback)(opt, NULL, 1) ? (-1) : 0;
+		if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG)
+			return (*opt->callback)(opt, NULL, 0) ? (-1) : 0;
+		if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt)
+			return (*opt->callback)(opt, NULL, 0) ? (-1) : 0;
+		if (get_arg(p, opt, flags, &arg))
+			return -1;
+		return (*opt->callback)(opt, arg, 0) ? (-1) : 0;
+
+	case OPTION_INTEGER:
+		if (unset) {
+			*(int *)opt->value = 0;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG && !p->opt) {
+			*(int *)opt->value = opt->defval;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (get_arg(p, opt, flags, &arg))
+			return -1;
+		*(int *)opt->value = strtol(arg, (char **)&s, 10);
+		if (*s)
+			return opterror(opt, "expects a numerical value", flags);
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
+		die("should not happen, someone must be hit on the forehead");
+	}
+}
+
+static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *options)
+{
+	const struct option *numopt = NULL;
+
+	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
+		if (options->short_name == *p->opt) {
+			p->opt = p->opt[1] ? p->opt + 1 : NULL;
+			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Handle the numerical option later, explicit one-digit
+		 * options take precedence over it.
+		 */
+		if (options->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
+			numopt = options;
+	}
+	if (numopt && isdigit(*p->opt)) {
+		size_t len = 1;
+		char *arg;
+		int rc;
+
+		while (isdigit(p->opt[len]))
+			len++;
+		arg = xmemdupz(p->opt, len);
+		p->opt = p->opt[len] ? p->opt + len : NULL;
+		rc = (*numopt->callback)(numopt, arg, 0) ? (-1) : 0;
+		free(arg);
+		return rc;
+	}
+	return -2;
+}
+
+static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
+                          const struct option *options)
+{
+	const char *arg_end = strchr(arg, '=');
+	const struct option *abbrev_option = NULL, *ambiguous_option = NULL;
+	int abbrev_flags = 0, ambiguous_flags = 0;
+
+	if (!arg_end)
+		arg_end = arg + strlen(arg);
+
+	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
+		const char *rest;
+		int flags = 0;
+
+		if (!options->long_name)
+			continue;
+
+		rest = skip_prefix(arg, options->long_name);
+		if (options->type == OPTION_ARGUMENT) {
+			if (!rest)
+				continue;
+			if (*rest == '=')
+				return opterror(options, "takes no value", flags);
+			if (*rest)
+				continue;
+			p->out[p->cpidx++] = arg - 2;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (!rest) {
+			/* abbreviated? */
+			if (!strncmp(options->long_name, arg, arg_end - arg)) {
+is_abbreviated:
+				if (abbrev_option) {
+					/*
+					 * If this is abbreviated, it is
+					 * ambiguous. So when there is no
+					 * exact match later, we need to
+					 * error out.
+					 */
+					ambiguous_option = abbrev_option;
+					ambiguous_flags = abbrev_flags;
+				}
+				if (!(flags & OPT_UNSET) && *arg_end)
+					p->opt = arg_end + 1;
+				abbrev_option = options;
+				abbrev_flags = flags;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* negation allowed? */
+			if (options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
+				continue;
+			/* negated and abbreviated very much? */
+			if (!prefixcmp("no-", arg)) {
+				flags |= OPT_UNSET;
+				goto is_abbreviated;
+			}
+			/* negated? */
+			if (strncmp(arg, "no-", 3))
+				continue;
+			flags |= OPT_UNSET;
+			rest = skip_prefix(arg + 3, options->long_name);
+			/* abbreviated and negated? */
+			if (!rest && !prefixcmp(options->long_name, arg + 3))
+				goto is_abbreviated;
+			if (!rest)
+				continue;
+		}
+		if (*rest) {
+			if (*rest != '=')
+				continue;
+			p->opt = rest + 1;
+		}
+		return get_value(p, options, flags);
+	}
+
+	if (ambiguous_option)
+		return error("Ambiguous option: %s "
+			"(could be --%s%s or --%s%s)",
+			arg,
+			(ambiguous_flags & OPT_UNSET) ?  "no-" : "",
+			ambiguous_option->long_name,
+			(abbrev_flags & OPT_UNSET) ?  "no-" : "",
+			abbrev_option->long_name);
+	if (abbrev_option)
+		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, abbrev_flags);
+	return -2;
+}
+
+static int parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
+			    const struct option *options)
+{
+	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
+		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
+			continue;
+		if ((options->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
+		    !(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+			die("BUG: dashless options don't support arguments");
+		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
+			die("BUG: dashless options don't support negation");
+		if (options->long_name)
+			die("BUG: dashless options can't be long");
+		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
+			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+	}
+	return -2;
+}
+
+static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
+{
+	if (strlen(arg) < 3)
+		return;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "no-")) {
+		error ("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes ?)", arg);
+		exit(129);
+	}
+
+	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
+		if (!options->long_name)
+			continue;
+		if (!prefixcmp(options->long_name, arg)) {
+			error ("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes ?)", arg);
+			exit(129);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
+		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT) &&
+		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG)) {
+			if (opts->long_name) {
+				error("`--%s` uses incompatible flags "
+				      "LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG", opts->long_name);
+			} else {
+				error("`-%c` uses incompatible flags "
+				      "LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG", opts->short_name);
+			}
+			err |= 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (err)
+		exit(129);
+}
+
+void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+			 int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+			 int flags)
+{
+	memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
+	ctx->argc = argc - 1;
+	ctx->argv = argv + 1;
+	ctx->out  = argv;
+	ctx->prefix = prefix;
+	ctx->cpidx = ((flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0) != 0);
+	ctx->flags = flags;
+	if ((flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN) &&
+	    (flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION))
+		die("STOP_AT_NON_OPTION and KEEP_UNKNOWN don't go together");
+}
+
+static int usage_with_options_internal(const char * const *,
+				       const struct option *, int);
+
+int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+		       const struct option *options,
+		       const char * const usagestr[])
+{
+	int internal_help = !(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
+
+	parse_options_check(options);
+
+	/* we must reset ->opt, unknown short option leave it dangling */
+	ctx->opt = NULL;
+
+	for (; ctx->argc; ctx->argc--, ctx->argv++) {
+		const char *arg = ctx->argv[0];
+
+		if (*arg != '-' || !arg[1]) {
+			if (parse_nodash_opt(ctx, arg, options) == 0)
+				continue;
+			if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION)
+				break;
+			ctx->out[ctx->cpidx++] = ctx->argv[0];
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (arg[1] != '-') {
+			ctx->opt = arg + 1;
+			if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
+				return parse_options_usage(usagestr, options);
+			switch (parse_short_opt(ctx, options)) {
+			case -1:
+				return parse_options_usage(usagestr, options);
+			case -2:
+				goto unknown;
+			}
+			if (ctx->opt)
+				check_typos(arg + 1, options);
+			while (ctx->opt) {
+				if (internal_help && *ctx->opt == 'h')
+					return parse_options_usage(usagestr, options);
+				switch (parse_short_opt(ctx, options)) {
+				case -1:
+					return parse_options_usage(usagestr, options);
+				case -2:
+					/* fake a short option thing to hide the fact that we may have
+					 * started to parse aggregated stuff
+					 *
+					 * This is leaky, too bad.
+					 */
+					ctx->argv[0] = xstrdup(ctx->opt - 1);
+					*(char *)ctx->argv[0] = '-';
+					goto unknown;
+				}
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!arg[2]) { /* "--" */
+			if (!(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH)) {
+				ctx->argc--;
+				ctx->argv++;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (internal_help && !strcmp(arg + 2, "help-all"))
+			return usage_with_options_internal(usagestr, options, 1);
+		if (internal_help && !strcmp(arg + 2, "help"))
+			return parse_options_usage(usagestr, options);
+		switch (parse_long_opt(ctx, arg + 2, options)) {
+		case -1:
+			return parse_options_usage(usagestr, options);
+		case -2:
+			goto unknown;
+		}
+		continue;
+unknown:
+		if (!(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN))
+			return PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
+		ctx->out[ctx->cpidx++] = ctx->argv[0];
+		ctx->opt = NULL;
+	}
+	return PARSE_OPT_DONE;
+}
+
+int parse_options_end(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx)
+{
+	memmove(ctx->out + ctx->cpidx, ctx->argv, ctx->argc * sizeof(*ctx->out));
+	ctx->out[ctx->cpidx + ctx->argc] = NULL;
+	return ctx->cpidx + ctx->argc;
+}
+
+int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		  const struct option *options, const char * const usagestr[],
+		  int flags)
+{
+	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
+
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, flags);
+	switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, usagestr)) {
+	case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
+		exit(129);
+	case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
+		break;
+	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
+		if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
+			error("unknown option `%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
+		} else {
+			error("unknown switch `%c'", *ctx.opt);
+		}
+		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
+	}
+
+	return parse_options_end(&ctx);
+}
+
+static int usage_argh(const struct option *opts)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	int literal = (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) || !opts->argh;
+	if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG)
+		if (opts->long_name)
+			s = literal ? "[=%s]" : "[=<%s>]";
+		else
+			s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
+	else
+		s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
+	return fprintf(stderr, s, opts->argh ? opts->argh : "...");
+}
+
+#define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
+#define USAGE_GAP         2
+
+static int usage_with_options_internal(const char * const *usagestr,
+				const struct option *opts, int full)
+{
+	if (!usagestr)
+		return PARSE_OPT_HELP;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", *usagestr++);
+	while (*usagestr && **usagestr)
+		fprintf(stderr, "   or: %s\n", *usagestr++);
+	while (*usagestr) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s%s\n",
+				**usagestr ? "    " : "",
+				*usagestr);
+		usagestr++;
+	}
+
+	if (opts->type != OPTION_GROUP)
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+
+	for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
+		size_t pos;
+		int pad;
+
+		if (opts->type == OPTION_GROUP) {
+			fputc('\n', stderr);
+			if (*opts->help)
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", opts->help);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!full && (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN))
+			continue;
+
+		pos = fprintf(stderr, "    ");
+		if (opts->short_name && !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP)) {
+			if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH)
+				pos += fprintf(stderr, "%c", opts->short_name);
+			else
+				pos += fprintf(stderr, "-%c", opts->short_name);
+		}
+		if (opts->long_name && opts->short_name)
+			pos += fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+		if (opts->long_name)
+			pos += fprintf(stderr, "--%s%s",
+				(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP) ?  "no-" : "",
+				opts->long_name);
+		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
+			pos += fprintf(stderr, "-NUM");
+
+		if (!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+			pos += usage_argh(opts);
+
+		if (pos <= USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH)
+			pad = USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH - pos;
+		else {
+			fputc('\n', stderr);
+			pad = USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "%*s%s\n", pad + USAGE_GAP, "", opts->help);
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+
+	return PARSE_OPT_HELP;
+}
+
+void usage_with_options(const char * const *usagestr,
+			const struct option *opts)
+{
+	usage_with_options_internal(usagestr, opts, 0);
+	exit(129);
+}
+
+void usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
+		   const char * const *usagestr,
+		   const struct option *options)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n\n", msg);
+	usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
+}
+
+static int parse_options_usage(const char * const *usagestr,
+			       const struct option *opts)
+{
+	return usage_with_options_internal(usagestr, opts, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*----- some often used options -----*/
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int v;
+
+	if (!arg) {
+		v = unset ? 0 : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	} else {
+		v = strtol(arg, (char **)&arg, 10);
+		if (*arg)
+			return opterror(opt, "expects a numerical value", 0);
+		if (v && v < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
+			v = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
+		else if (v > 40)
+			v = 40;
+	}
+	*(int *)(opt->value) = v;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			     int unset)
+{
+	*(unsigned long *)(opt->value) = approxidate(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			   int unset)
+{
+	int *target = opt->value;
+
+	if (unset)
+		/* --no-quiet, --no-verbose */
+		*target = 0;
+	else if (opt->short_name == 'v') {
+		if (*target >= 0)
+			(*target)++;
+		else
+			*target = 1;
+	} else {
+		if (*target <= 0)
+			(*target)--;
+		else
+			*target = -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		return error("malformed object name %s", arg);
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return error("no such commit %s", arg);
+	commit_list_insert(commit, opt->value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *target = opt->value;
+	*target = unset ? 2 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c99691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#ifndef PARSE_OPTIONS_H
+#define PARSE_OPTIONS_H
+
+enum parse_opt_type {
+	/* special types */
+	OPTION_END,
+	OPTION_ARGUMENT,
+	OPTION_GROUP,
+	OPTION_NUMBER,
+	/* options with no arguments */
+	OPTION_BIT,
+	OPTION_NEGBIT,
+	OPTION_BOOLEAN, /* _INCR would have been a better name */
+	OPTION_SET_INT,
+	OPTION_SET_PTR,
+	/* options with arguments (usually) */
+	OPTION_STRING,
+	OPTION_INTEGER,
+	OPTION_CALLBACK,
+	OPTION_FILENAME
+};
+
+enum parse_opt_flags {
+	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH = 1,
+	PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION = 2,
+	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 = 4,
+	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN = 8,
+	PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP = 16,
+};
+
+enum parse_opt_option_flags {
+	PARSE_OPT_OPTARG  = 1,
+	PARSE_OPT_NOARG   = 2,
+	PARSE_OPT_NONEG   = 4,
+	PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN  = 8,
+	PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT = 16,
+	PARSE_OPT_NODASH = 32,
+	PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP = 64,
+	PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP = 128,
+};
+
+struct option;
+typedef int parse_opt_cb(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+
+/*
+ * `type`::
+ *   holds the type of the option, you must have an OPTION_END last in your
+ *   array.
+ *
+ * `short_name`::
+ *   the character to use as a short option name, '\0' if none.
+ *
+ * `long_name`::
+ *   the long option name, without the leading dashes, NULL if none.
+ *
+ * `value`::
+ *   stores pointers to the values to be filled.
+ *
+ * `argh`::
+ *   token to explain the kind of argument this option wants. Keep it
+ *   homogeneous across the repository.
+ *
+ * `help`::
+ *   the short help associated to what the option does.
+ *   Must never be NULL (except for OPTION_END).
+ *   OPTION_GROUP uses this pointer to store the group header.
+ *
+ * `flags`::
+ *   mask of parse_opt_option_flags.
+ *   PARSE_OPT_OPTARG: says that the argument is optional (not for BOOLEANs)
+ *   PARSE_OPT_NOARG: says that this option takes no argument
+ *   PARSE_OPT_NONEG: says that this option cannot be negated
+ *   PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN: this option is skipped in the default usage, and
+ *                     shown only in the full usage.
+ *   PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT: says that this option will take the default
+ *				value if no argument is given when the option
+ *				is last on the command line. If the option is
+ *				not last it will require an argument.
+ *				Should not be used with PARSE_OPT_OPTARG.
+ *   PARSE_OPT_NODASH: this option doesn't start with a dash.
+ *   PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP: says that argh shouldn't be enclosed in brackets
+ *				(i.e. '<argh>') in the help message.
+ *				Useful for options with multiple parameters.
+ *   PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP: says that the long option should always be shown with
+ *				the --no prefix in the usage message. Sometimes
+ *				useful for users of OPTION_NEGBIT.
+ *
+ * `callback`::
+ *   pointer to the callback to use for OPTION_CALLBACK.
+ *
+ * `defval`::
+ *   default value to fill (*->value) with for PARSE_OPT_OPTARG.
+ *   OPTION_{BIT,SET_INT,SET_PTR} store the {mask,integer,pointer} to put in
+ *   the value when met.
+ *   CALLBACKS can use it like they want.
+ */
+struct option {
+	enum parse_opt_type type;
+	int short_name;
+	const char *long_name;
+	void *value;
+	const char *argh;
+	const char *help;
+
+	int flags;
+	parse_opt_cb *callback;
+	intptr_t defval;
+};
+
+#define OPT_END()                   { OPTION_END }
+#define OPT_ARGUMENT(l, h)          { OPTION_ARGUMENT, 0, (l), NULL, NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG}
+#define OPT_GROUP(h)                { OPTION_GROUP, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, (h) }
+#define OPT_BIT(s, l, v, h, b)      { OPTION_BIT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, (h), \
+				      PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (b) }
+#define OPT_NEGBIT(s, l, v, h, b)   { OPTION_NEGBIT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (b) }
+#define OPT_BOOLEAN(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_BOOLEAN, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG }
+#define OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, i)  { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (i) }
+#define OPT_SET_PTR(s, l, v, h, p)  { OPTION_SET_PTR, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (p) }
+#define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), "n", (h) }
+#define OPT_STRING(s, l, v, a, h)   { OPTION_STRING,  (s), (l), (v), (a), (h) }
+#define OPT_UYN(s, l, v, h)         { OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_tertiary }
+#define OPT_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), "time",(h), 0, \
+	  parse_opt_approxidate_cb }
+#define OPT_CALLBACK(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), 0, (f) }
+#define OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(v, h, f) \
+	{ OPTION_NUMBER, 0, NULL, (v), NULL, (h), \
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, (f) }
+#define OPT_FILENAME(s, l, v, h)    { OPTION_FILENAME, (s), (l), (v), \
+				       "FILE", (h) }
+
+/* parse_options() will filter out the processed options and leave the
+ * non-option arguments in argv[].
+ * Returns the number of arguments left in argv[].
+ */
+extern int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+                         const struct option *options,
+                         const char * const usagestr[], int flags);
+
+extern NORETURN void usage_with_options(const char * const *usagestr,
+                                        const struct option *options);
+
+extern NORETURN void usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
+				   const char * const *usagestr,
+				   const struct option *options);
+
+/*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
+
+enum {
+	PARSE_OPT_HELP = -1,
+	PARSE_OPT_DONE,
+	PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN,
+};
+
+/*
+ * It's okay for the caller to consume argv/argc in the usual way.
+ * Other fields of that structure are private to parse-options and should not
+ * be modified in any way.
+ */
+struct parse_opt_ctx_t {
+	const char **argv;
+	const char **out;
+	int argc, cpidx;
+	const char *opt;
+	int flags;
+	const char *prefix;
+};
+
+extern void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+				int flags);
+
+extern int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+			      const struct option *options,
+			      const char * const usagestr[]);
+
+extern int parse_options_end(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx);
+
+
+/*----- some often used options -----*/
+extern int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+
+#define OPT__VERBOSE(var)  OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", (var), "be verbose")
+#define OPT__QUIET(var)    OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet",   (var), "be quiet")
+#define OPT__VERBOSITY(var) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'v', "verbose", (var), NULL, "be more verbose", \
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }, \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'q', "quiet", (var), NULL, "be more quiet", \
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }
+#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var)  OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", (var), "dry run")
+#define OPT__ABBREV(var)  \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), "n", \
+	  "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s", \
+	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_opt_abbrev_cb, 0 }
+
+#endif
diff --git a/patch-delta.c b/patch-delta.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d218faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patch-delta.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * patch-delta.c:
+ * recreate a buffer from a source and the delta produced by diff-delta.c
+ *
+ * (C) 2005 Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+
+void *patch_delta(const void *src_buf, unsigned long src_size,
+		  const void *delta_buf, unsigned long delta_size,
+		  unsigned long *dst_size)
+{
+	const unsigned char *data, *top;
+	unsigned char *dst_buf, *out, cmd;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (delta_size < DELTA_SIZE_MIN)
+		return NULL;
+
+	data = delta_buf;
+	top = (const unsigned char *) delta_buf + delta_size;
+
+	/* make sure the orig file size matches what we expect */
+	size = get_delta_hdr_size(&data, top);
+	if (size != src_size)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* now the result size */
+	size = get_delta_hdr_size(&data, top);
+	dst_buf = xmallocz(size);
+
+	out = dst_buf;
+	while (data < top) {
+		cmd = *data++;
+		if (cmd & 0x80) {
+			unsigned long cp_off = 0, cp_size = 0;
+			if (cmd & 0x01) cp_off = *data++;
+			if (cmd & 0x02) cp_off |= (*data++ << 8);
+			if (cmd & 0x04) cp_off |= (*data++ << 16);
+			if (cmd & 0x08) cp_off |= ((unsigned) *data++ << 24);
+			if (cmd & 0x10) cp_size = *data++;
+			if (cmd & 0x20) cp_size |= (*data++ << 8);
+			if (cmd & 0x40) cp_size |= (*data++ << 16);
+			if (cp_size == 0) cp_size = 0x10000;
+			if (cp_off + cp_size < cp_size ||
+			    cp_off + cp_size > src_size ||
+			    cp_size > size)
+				break;
+			memcpy(out, (char *) src_buf + cp_off, cp_size);
+			out += cp_size;
+			size -= cp_size;
+		} else if (cmd) {
+			if (cmd > size)
+				break;
+			memcpy(out, data, cmd);
+			out += cmd;
+			data += cmd;
+			size -= cmd;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * cmd == 0 is reserved for future encoding
+			 * extensions. In the mean time we must fail when
+			 * encountering them (might be data corruption).
+			 */
+			error("unexpected delta opcode 0");
+			goto bad;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* sanity check */
+	if (data != top || size != 0) {
+		error("delta replay has gone wild");
+		bad:
+		free(dst_buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	*dst_size = out - dst_buf;
+	return dst_buf;
+}
diff --git a/patch-ids.c b/patch-ids.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5717257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patch-ids.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+#include "patch-ids.h"
+
+static int commit_patch_id(struct commit *commit, struct diff_options *options,
+		    unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (commit->parents)
+		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->object.sha1,
+		               commit->object.sha1, "", options);
+	else
+		diff_root_tree_sha1(commit->object.sha1, "", options);
+	diffcore_std(options);
+	return diff_flush_patch_id(options, sha1);
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *patch_id_access(size_t index, void *table)
+{
+	struct patch_id **id_table = table;
+	return id_table[index]->patch_id;
+}
+
+static int patch_pos(struct patch_id **table, int nr, const unsigned char *id)
+{
+	return sha1_pos(id, table, nr, patch_id_access);
+}
+
+#define BUCKET_SIZE 190 /* 190 * 21 = 3990, with slop close enough to 4K */
+struct patch_id_bucket {
+	struct patch_id_bucket *next;
+	int nr;
+	struct patch_id bucket[BUCKET_SIZE];
+};
+
+int init_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *ids)
+{
+	memset(ids, 0, sizeof(*ids));
+	diff_setup(&ids->diffopts);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&ids->diffopts, RECURSIVE);
+	if (diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts) < 0)
+		return error("diff_setup_done failed");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int free_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *ids)
+{
+	struct patch_id_bucket *next, *patches;
+
+	free(ids->table);
+	for (patches = ids->patches; patches; patches = next) {
+		next = patches->next;
+		free(patches);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct patch_id *add_commit(struct commit *commit,
+				   struct patch_ids *ids,
+				   int no_add)
+{
+	struct patch_id_bucket *bucket;
+	struct patch_id *ent;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int pos;
+
+	if (commit_patch_id(commit, &ids->diffopts, sha1))
+		return NULL;
+	pos = patch_pos(ids->table, ids->nr, sha1);
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return ids->table[pos];
+	if (no_add)
+		return NULL;
+
+	pos = -1 - pos;
+
+	bucket = ids->patches;
+	if (!bucket || (BUCKET_SIZE <= bucket->nr)) {
+		bucket = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*bucket));
+		bucket->next = ids->patches;
+		ids->patches = bucket;
+	}
+	ent = &bucket->bucket[bucket->nr++];
+	hashcpy(ent->patch_id, sha1);
+
+	if (ids->alloc <= ids->nr) {
+		ids->alloc = alloc_nr(ids->nr);
+		ids->table = xrealloc(ids->table, sizeof(ent) * ids->alloc);
+	}
+	if (pos < ids->nr)
+		memmove(ids->table + pos + 1, ids->table + pos,
+			sizeof(ent) * (ids->nr - pos));
+	ids->nr++;
+	ids->table[pos] = ent;
+	return ids->table[pos];
+}
+
+struct patch_id *has_commit_patch_id(struct commit *commit,
+				     struct patch_ids *ids)
+{
+	return add_commit(commit, ids, 1);
+}
+
+struct patch_id *add_commit_patch_id(struct commit *commit,
+				     struct patch_ids *ids)
+{
+	return add_commit(commit, ids, 0);
+}
diff --git a/patch-ids.h b/patch-ids.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8c7ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patch-ids.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef PATCH_IDS_H
+#define PATCH_IDS_H
+
+struct patch_id {
+	unsigned char patch_id[20];
+	char seen;
+};
+
+struct patch_ids {
+	struct diff_options diffopts;
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct patch_id **table;
+	struct patch_id_bucket *patches;
+};
+
+int init_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *);
+int free_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *);
+struct patch_id *add_commit_patch_id(struct commit *, struct patch_ids *);
+struct patch_id *has_commit_patch_id(struct commit *, struct patch_ids *);
+
+#endif /* PATCH_IDS_H */
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79aa104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/path.c
@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+/*
+ * I'm tired of doing "vsnprintf()" etc just to open a
+ * file, so here's a "return static buffer with printf"
+ * interface for paths.
+ *
+ * It's obviously not thread-safe. Sue me. But it's quite
+ * useful for doing things like
+ *
+ *   f = open(mkpath("%s/%s.git", base, name), O_RDONLY);
+ *
+ * which is what it's designed for.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+static char bad_path[] = "/bad-path/";
+
+static char *get_pathname(void)
+{
+	static char pathname_array[4][PATH_MAX];
+	static int index;
+	return pathname_array[3 & ++index];
+}
+
+static char *cleanup_path(char *path)
+{
+	/* Clean it up */
+	if (!memcmp(path, "./", 2)) {
+		path += 2;
+		while (*path == '/')
+			path++;
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+char *mksnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned len;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(buf, n, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	if (len >= n) {
+		strlcpy(buf, bad_path, n);
+		return buf;
+	}
+	return cleanup_path(buf);
+}
+
+static char *git_vsnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
+	size_t len;
+
+	len = strlen(git_dir);
+	if (n < len + 1)
+		goto bad;
+	memcpy(buf, git_dir, len);
+	if (len && !is_dir_sep(git_dir[len-1]))
+		buf[len++] = '/';
+	len += vsnprintf(buf + len, n - len, fmt, args);
+	if (len >= n)
+		goto bad;
+	return cleanup_path(buf);
+bad:
+	strlcpy(buf, bad_path, n);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	(void)git_vsnpath(buf, n, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	(void)git_vsnpath(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return xstrdup(path);
+}
+
+char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned len;
+	char *pathname = get_pathname();
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(pathname, PATH_MAX, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+		return bad_path;
+	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+}
+
+char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
+	char *pathname = get_pathname();
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned len;
+
+	len = strlen(git_dir);
+	if (len > PATH_MAX-100)
+		return bad_path;
+	memcpy(pathname, git_dir, len);
+	if (len && git_dir[len-1] != '/')
+		pathname[len++] = '/';
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len += vsnprintf(pathname + len, PATH_MAX - len, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+		return bad_path;
+	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+}
+
+
+/* git_mkstemp() - create tmp file honoring TMPDIR variable */
+int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t len, const char *template)
+{
+	const char *tmp;
+	size_t n;
+
+	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
+	if (!tmp)
+		tmp = "/tmp";
+	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
+	if (len <= n) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return mkstemp(path);
+}
+
+/* git_mkstemps() - create tmp file with suffix honoring TMPDIR variable. */
+int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t len, const char *template, int suffix_len)
+{
+	const char *tmp;
+	size_t n;
+
+	tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
+	if (!tmp)
+		tmp = "/tmp";
+	n = snprintf(path, len, "%s/%s", tmp, template);
+	if (len <= n) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return mkstemps(path, suffix_len);
+}
+
+int validate_headref(const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	char *buf, buffer[256];
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int fd;
+	ssize_t len;
+
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Make sure it is a "refs/.." symlink */
+	if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+		len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+		if (len >= 5 && !memcmp("refs/", buffer, 5))
+			return 0;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Anything else, just open it and try to see if it is a symbolic ref.
+	 */
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+	len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+	close(fd);
+
+	/*
+	 * Is it a symbolic ref?
+	 */
+	if (len < 4)
+		return -1;
+	if (!memcmp("ref:", buffer, 4)) {
+		buf = buffer + 4;
+		len -= 4;
+		while (len && isspace(*buf))
+			buf++, len--;
+		if (len >= 5 && !memcmp("refs/", buf, 5))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Is this a detached HEAD?
+	 */
+	if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static struct passwd *getpw_str(const char *username, size_t len)
+{
+	struct passwd *pw;
+	char *username_z = xmalloc(len + 1);
+	memcpy(username_z, username, len);
+	username_z[len] = '\0';
+	pw = getpwnam(username_z);
+	free(username_z);
+	return pw;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string with ~ and ~user expanded via getpw*.  If buf != NULL,
+ * then it is a newly allocated string. Returns NULL on getpw failure or
+ * if path is NULL.
+ */
+char *expand_user_path(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf user_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *first_slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
+	const char *to_copy = path;
+
+	if (path == NULL)
+		goto return_null;
+	if (path[0] == '~') {
+		const char *username = path + 1;
+		size_t username_len = first_slash - username;
+		if (username_len == 0) {
+			const char *home = getenv("HOME");
+			strbuf_add(&user_path, home, strlen(home));
+		} else {
+			struct passwd *pw = getpw_str(username, username_len);
+			if (!pw)
+				goto return_null;
+			strbuf_add(&user_path, pw->pw_dir, strlen(pw->pw_dir));
+		}
+		to_copy = first_slash;
+	}
+	strbuf_add(&user_path, to_copy, strlen(to_copy));
+	return strbuf_detach(&user_path, NULL);
+return_null:
+	strbuf_release(&user_path);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * First, one directory to try is determined by the following algorithm.
+ *
+ * (0) If "strict" is given, the path is used as given and no DWIM is
+ *     done. Otherwise:
+ * (1) "~/path" to mean path under the running user's home directory;
+ * (2) "~user/path" to mean path under named user's home directory;
+ * (3) "relative/path" to mean cwd relative directory; or
+ * (4) "/absolute/path" to mean absolute directory.
+ *
+ * Unless "strict" is given, we try access() for existence of "%s.git/.git",
+ * "%s/.git", "%s.git", "%s" in this order.  The first one that exists is
+ * what we try.
+ *
+ * Second, we try chdir() to that.  Upon failure, we return NULL.
+ *
+ * Then, we try if the current directory is a valid git repository.
+ * Upon failure, we return NULL.
+ *
+ * If all goes well, we return the directory we used to chdir() (but
+ * before ~user is expanded), avoiding getcwd() resolving symbolic
+ * links.  User relative paths are also returned as they are given,
+ * except DWIM suffixing.
+ */
+char *enter_repo(char *path, int strict)
+{
+	static char used_path[PATH_MAX];
+	static char validated_path[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (!path)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!strict) {
+		static const char *suffix[] = {
+			".git/.git", "/.git", ".git", "", NULL,
+		};
+		int len = strlen(path);
+		int i;
+		while ((1 < len) && (path[len-1] == '/')) {
+			path[len-1] = 0;
+			len--;
+		}
+		if (PATH_MAX <= len)
+			return NULL;
+		if (path[0] == '~') {
+			char *newpath = expand_user_path(path);
+			if (!newpath || (PATH_MAX - 10 < strlen(newpath))) {
+				free(newpath);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Copy back into the static buffer. A pity
+			 * since newpath was not bounded, but other
+			 * branches of the if are limited by PATH_MAX
+			 * anyway.
+			 */
+			strcpy(used_path, newpath); free(newpath);
+			strcpy(validated_path, path);
+			path = used_path;
+		}
+		else if (PATH_MAX - 10 < len)
+			return NULL;
+		else {
+			path = strcpy(used_path, path);
+			strcpy(validated_path, path);
+		}
+		len = strlen(path);
+		for (i = 0; suffix[i]; i++) {
+			strcpy(path + len, suffix[i]);
+			if (!access(path, F_OK)) {
+				strcat(validated_path, suffix[i]);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!suffix[i] || chdir(path))
+			return NULL;
+		path = validated_path;
+	}
+	else if (chdir(path))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (access("objects", X_OK) == 0 && access("refs", X_OK) == 0 &&
+	    validate_headref("HEAD") == 0) {
+		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
+		check_repository_format();
+		return path;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	int tweak, shared, orig_mode;
+
+	if (!shared_repository) {
+		if (mode)
+			return chmod(path, mode & ~S_IFMT);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!mode) {
+		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		mode = st.st_mode;
+		orig_mode = mode;
+	} else
+		orig_mode = 0;
+	if (shared_repository < 0)
+		shared = -shared_repository;
+	else
+		shared = shared_repository;
+	tweak = shared;
+
+	if (!(mode & S_IWUSR))
+		tweak &= ~0222;
+	if (mode & S_IXUSR)
+		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
+		tweak |= (tweak & 0444) >> 2;
+	if (shared_repository < 0)
+		mode = (mode & ~0777) | tweak;
+	else
+		mode |= tweak;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
+		mode |= (shared & 0444) >> 2;
+		mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
+	}
+
+	if (((shared_repository < 0
+	      ? (orig_mode & (FORCE_DIR_SET_GID | 0777))
+	      : (orig_mode & mode)) != mode) &&
+	    chmod(path, (mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
+		return -2;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *make_relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
+{
+	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+	if (!base || !base[0])
+		return abs;
+	while (base[i]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(base[i])) {
+			if (!is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+				return abs;
+			while (is_dir_sep(base[i]))
+				i++;
+			while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+				j++;
+			continue;
+		} else if (abs[j] != base[i]) {
+			return abs;
+		}
+		i++;
+		j++;
+	}
+	if (
+	    /* "/foo" is a prefix of "/foo" */
+	    abs[j] &&
+	    /* "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar" */
+	    !is_dir_sep(base[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(abs[j])
+	   )
+		return abs;
+	while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+		j++;
+	if (!abs[j])
+		strcpy(buf, ".");
+	else
+		strcpy(buf, abs + j);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * It is okay if dst == src, but they should not overlap otherwise.
+ *
+ * Performs the following normalizations on src, storing the result in dst:
+ * - Ensures that components are separated by '/' (Windows only)
+ * - Squashes sequences of '/'.
+ * - Removes "." components.
+ * - Removes ".." components, and the components the precede them.
+ * Returns failure (non-zero) if a ".." component appears as first path
+ * component anytime during the normalization. Otherwise, returns success (0).
+ *
+ * Note that this function is purely textual.  It does not follow symlinks,
+ * verify the existence of the path, or make any system calls.
+ */
+int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	char *dst0;
+
+	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(src)) {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+	}
+	dst0 = dst;
+
+	if (is_dir_sep(*src)) {
+		*dst++ = '/';
+		while (is_dir_sep(*src))
+			src++;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		char c = *src;
+
+		/*
+		 * A path component that begins with . could be
+		 * special:
+		 * (1) "." and ends   -- ignore and terminate.
+		 * (2) "./"           -- ignore them, eat slash and continue.
+		 * (3) ".." and ends  -- strip one and terminate.
+		 * (4) "../"          -- strip one, eat slash and continue.
+		 */
+		if (c == '.') {
+			if (!src[1]) {
+				/* (1) */
+				src++;
+			} else if (is_dir_sep(src[1])) {
+				/* (2) */
+				src += 2;
+				while (is_dir_sep(*src))
+					src++;
+				continue;
+			} else if (src[1] == '.') {
+				if (!src[2]) {
+					/* (3) */
+					src += 2;
+					goto up_one;
+				} else if (is_dir_sep(src[2])) {
+					/* (4) */
+					src += 3;
+					while (is_dir_sep(*src))
+						src++;
+					goto up_one;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* copy up to the next '/', and eat all '/' */
+		while ((c = *src++) != '\0' && !is_dir_sep(c))
+			*dst++ = c;
+		if (is_dir_sep(c)) {
+			*dst++ = '/';
+			while (is_dir_sep(c))
+				c = *src++;
+			src--;
+		} else if (!c)
+			break;
+		continue;
+
+	up_one:
+		/*
+		 * dst0..dst is prefix portion, and dst[-1] is '/';
+		 * go up one level.
+		 */
+		dst--;	/* go to trailing '/' */
+		if (dst <= dst0)
+			return -1;
+		/* Windows: dst[-1] cannot be backslash anymore */
+		while (dst0 < dst && dst[-1] != '/')
+			dst--;
+	}
+	*dst = '\0';
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * path = Canonical absolute path
+ * prefix_list = Colon-separated list of absolute paths
+ *
+ * Determines, for each path in prefix_list, whether the "prefix" really
+ * is an ancestor directory of path.  Returns the length of the longest
+ * ancestor directory, excluding any trailing slashes, or -1 if no prefix
+ * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefix_list is
+ * "/".) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
+ * are not considered to be their own ancestors.  path must be in a
+ * canonical form: empty components, or "." or ".." components are not
+ * allowed.  prefix_list may be null, which is like "".
+ */
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list)
+{
+	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
+	const char *ceil, *colon;
+	int len, max_len = -1;
+
+	if (prefix_list == NULL || !strcmp(path, "/"))
+		return -1;
+
+	for (colon = ceil = prefix_list; *colon; ceil = colon+1) {
+		for (colon = ceil; *colon && *colon != PATH_SEP; colon++);
+		len = colon - ceil;
+		if (len == 0 || len > PATH_MAX || !is_absolute_path(ceil))
+			continue;
+		strlcpy(buf, ceil, len+1);
+		if (normalize_path_copy(buf, buf) < 0)
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(buf);
+		if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '/')
+			buf[--len] = '\0';
+
+		if (!strncmp(path, buf, len) &&
+		    path[len] == '/' &&
+		    len > max_len) {
+			max_len = len;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return max_len;
+}
+
+/* strip arbitrary amount of directory separators at end of path */
+static inline int chomp_trailing_dir_sep(const char *path, int len)
+{
+	while (len && is_dir_sep(path[len - 1]))
+		len--;
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If path ends with suffix (complete path components), returns the
+ * part before suffix (sans trailing directory separators).
+ * Otherwise returns NULL.
+ */
+char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix)
+{
+	int path_len = strlen(path), suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
+
+	while (suffix_len) {
+		if (!path_len)
+			return NULL;
+
+		if (is_dir_sep(path[path_len - 1])) {
+			if (!is_dir_sep(suffix[suffix_len - 1]))
+				return NULL;
+			path_len = chomp_trailing_dir_sep(path, path_len);
+			suffix_len = chomp_trailing_dir_sep(suffix, suffix_len);
+		}
+		else if (path[--path_len] != suffix[--suffix_len])
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (path_len && !is_dir_sep(path[path_len - 1]))
+		return NULL;
+	return xstrndup(path, chomp_trailing_dir_sep(path, path_len));
+}
+
+int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *p)
+{
+	int sl, ndot;
+
+	/*
+	 * This resurrects the belts and suspenders paranoia check by HPA
+	 * done in <435560F7.4080006@zytor.com> thread, now enter_repo()
+	 * does not do getcwd() based path canonicalizations.
+	 *
+	 * sl becomes true immediately after seeing '/' and continues to
+	 * be true as long as dots continue after that without intervening
+	 * non-dot character.
+	 */
+	if (!p || (*p != '/' && *p != '~'))
+		return -1;
+	sl = 1; ndot = 0;
+	p++;
+
+	while (1) {
+		char ch = *p++;
+		if (sl) {
+			if (ch == '.')
+				ndot++;
+			else if (ch == '/') {
+				if (ndot < 3)
+					/* reject //, /./ and /../ */
+					return -1;
+				ndot = 0;
+			}
+			else if (ch == 0) {
+				if (0 < ndot && ndot < 3)
+					/* reject /.$ and /..$ */
+					return -1;
+				return 0;
+			}
+			else
+				sl = ndot = 0;
+		}
+		else if (ch == 0)
+			return 0;
+		else if (ch == '/') {
+			sl = 1;
+			ndot = 0;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/perl/.gitignore b/perl/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98b2477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+perl.mak
+perl.mak.old
+blib
+blibdirs
+pm_to_blib
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8df55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,1362 @@
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git - Perl interface to the Git version control system
+
+=cut
+
+
+package Git;
+
+use strict;
+
+
+BEGIN {
+
+our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK);
+
+# Totally unstable API.
+$VERSION = '0.01';
+
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  use Git;
+
+  my $version = Git::command_oneline('version');
+
+  git_cmd_try { Git::command_noisy('update-server-info') }
+              '%s failed w/ code %d';
+
+  my $repo = Git->repository (Directory => '/srv/git/cogito.git');
+
+
+  my @revs = $repo->command('rev-list', '--since=last monday', '--all');
+
+  my ($fh, $c) = $repo->command_output_pipe('rev-list', '--since=last monday', '--all');
+  my $lastrev = <$fh>; chomp $lastrev;
+  $repo->command_close_pipe($fh, $c);
+
+  my $lastrev = $repo->command_oneline( [ 'rev-list', '--all' ],
+                                        STDERR => 0 );
+
+  my $sha1 = $repo->hash_and_insert_object('file.txt');
+  my $tempfile = tempfile();
+  my $size = $repo->cat_blob($sha1, $tempfile);
+
+=cut
+
+
+require Exporter;
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+@EXPORT = qw(git_cmd_try);
+
+# Methods which can be called as standalone functions as well:
+@EXPORT_OK = qw(command command_oneline command_noisy
+                command_output_pipe command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
+                command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe
+                version exec_path html_path hash_object git_cmd_try
+                remote_refs
+                temp_acquire temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
+
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module provides Perl scripts easy way to interface the Git version control
+system. The modules have an easy and well-tested way to call arbitrary Git
+commands; in the future, the interface will also provide specialized methods
+for doing easily operations which are not totally trivial to do over
+the generic command interface.
+
+While some commands can be executed outside of any context (e.g. 'version'
+or 'init'), most operations require a repository context, which in practice
+means getting an instance of the Git object using the repository() constructor.
+(In the future, we will also get a new_repository() constructor.) All commands
+called as methods of the object are then executed in the context of the
+repository.
+
+Part of the "repository state" is also information about path to the attached
+working copy (unless you work with a bare repository). You can also navigate
+inside of the working copy using the C<wc_chdir()> method. (Note that
+the repository object is self-contained and will not change working directory
+of your process.)
+
+TODO: In the future, we might also do
+
+	my $remoterepo = $repo->remote_repository (Name => 'cogito', Branch => 'master');
+	$remoterepo ||= Git->remote_repository ('http://git.or.cz/cogito.git/');
+	my @refs = $remoterepo->refs();
+
+Currently, the module merely wraps calls to external Git tools. In the future,
+it will provide a much faster way to interact with Git by linking directly
+to libgit. This should be completely opaque to the user, though (performance
+increase notwithstanding).
+
+=cut
+
+
+use Carp qw(carp croak); # but croak is bad - throw instead
+use Error qw(:try);
+use Cwd qw(abs_path);
+use IPC::Open2 qw(open2);
+use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR);
+}
+
+
+=head1 CONSTRUCTORS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item repository ( OPTIONS )
+
+=item repository ( DIRECTORY )
+
+=item repository ()
+
+Construct a new repository object.
+C<OPTIONS> are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs.
+Possible options are:
+
+B<Repository> - Path to the Git repository.
+
+B<WorkingCopy> - Path to the associated working copy; not strictly required
+as many commands will happily crunch on a bare repository.
+
+B<WorkingSubdir> - Subdirectory in the working copy to work inside.
+Just left undefined if you do not want to limit the scope of operations.
+
+B<Directory> - Path to the Git working directory in its usual setup.
+The C<.git> directory is searched in the directory and all the parent
+directories; if found, C<WorkingCopy> is set to the directory containing
+it and C<Repository> to the C<.git> directory itself. If no C<.git>
+directory was found, the C<Directory> is assumed to be a bare repository,
+C<Repository> is set to point at it and C<WorkingCopy> is left undefined.
+If the C<$GIT_DIR> environment variable is set, things behave as expected
+as well.
+
+You should not use both C<Directory> and either of C<Repository> and
+C<WorkingCopy> - the results of that are undefined.
+
+Alternatively, a directory path may be passed as a single scalar argument
+to the constructor; it is equivalent to setting only the C<Directory> option
+field.
+
+Calling the constructor with no options whatsoever is equivalent to
+calling it with C<< Directory => '.' >>. In general, if you are building
+a standard porcelain command, simply doing C<< Git->repository() >> should
+do the right thing and setup the object to reflect exactly where the user
+is right now.
+
+=cut
+
+sub repository {
+	my $class = shift;
+	my @args = @_;
+	my %opts = ();
+	my $self;
+
+	if (defined $args[0]) {
+		if ($#args % 2 != 1) {
+			# Not a hash.
+			$#args == 0 or throw Error::Simple("bad usage");
+			%opts = ( Directory => $args[0] );
+		} else {
+			%opts = @args;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (not defined $opts{Repository} and not defined $opts{WorkingCopy}
+		and not defined $opts{Directory}) {
+		$opts{Directory} = '.';
+	}
+
+	if (defined $opts{Directory}) {
+		-d $opts{Directory} or throw Error::Simple("Directory not found: $!");
+
+		my $search = Git->repository(WorkingCopy => $opts{Directory});
+		my $dir;
+		try {
+			$dir = $search->command_oneline(['rev-parse', '--git-dir'],
+			                                STDERR => 0);
+		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+			$dir = undef;
+		};
+
+		if ($dir) {
+			$dir =~ m#^/# or $dir = $opts{Directory} . '/' . $dir;
+			$opts{Repository} = abs_path($dir);
+
+			# If --git-dir went ok, this shouldn't die either.
+			my $prefix = $search->command_oneline('rev-parse', '--show-prefix');
+			$dir = abs_path($opts{Directory}) . '/';
+			if ($prefix) {
+				if (substr($dir, -length($prefix)) ne $prefix) {
+					throw Error::Simple("rev-parse confused me - $dir does not have trailing $prefix");
+				}
+				substr($dir, -length($prefix)) = '';
+			}
+			$opts{WorkingCopy} = $dir;
+			$opts{WorkingSubdir} = $prefix;
+
+		} else {
+			# A bare repository? Let's see...
+			$dir = $opts{Directory};
+
+			unless (-d "$dir/refs" and -d "$dir/objects" and -e "$dir/HEAD") {
+				# Mimick git-rev-parse --git-dir error message:
+				throw Error::Simple("fatal: Not a git repository: $dir");
+			}
+			my $search = Git->repository(Repository => $dir);
+			try {
+				$search->command('symbolic-ref', 'HEAD');
+			} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+				# Mimick git-rev-parse --git-dir error message:
+				throw Error::Simple("fatal: Not a git repository: $dir");
+			}
+
+			$opts{Repository} = abs_path($dir);
+		}
+
+		delete $opts{Directory};
+	}
+
+	$self = { opts => \%opts };
+	bless $self, $class;
+}
+
+=back
+
+=head1 METHODS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item command ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
+
+=item command ( [ COMMAND, ARGUMENTS... ], { Opt => Val ... } )
+
+Execute the given Git C<COMMAND> (specify it without the 'git-'
+prefix), optionally with the specified extra C<ARGUMENTS>.
+
+The second more elaborate form can be used if you want to further adjust
+the command execution. Currently, only one option is supported:
+
+B<STDERR> - How to deal with the command's error output. By default (C<undef>)
+it is delivered to the caller's C<STDERR>. A false value (0 or '') will cause
+it to be thrown away. If you want to process it, you can get it in a filehandle
+you specify, but you must be extremely careful; if the error output is not
+very short and you want to read it in the same process as where you called
+C<command()>, you are set up for a nice deadlock!
+
+The method can be called without any instance or on a specified Git repository
+(in that case the command will be run in the repository context).
+
+In scalar context, it returns all the command output in a single string
+(verbatim).
+
+In array context, it returns an array containing lines printed to the
+command's stdout (without trailing newlines).
+
+In both cases, the command's stdin and stderr are the same as the caller's.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command {
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@_);
+
+	if (not defined wantarray) {
+		# Nothing to pepper the possible exception with.
+		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+
+	} elsif (not wantarray) {
+		local $/;
+		my $text = <$fh>;
+		try {
+			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+			# Pepper with the output:
+			my $E = shift;
+			$E->{'-outputref'} = \$text;
+			throw $E;
+		};
+		return $text;
+
+	} else {
+		my @lines = <$fh>;
+		defined and chomp for @lines;
+		try {
+			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+			my $E = shift;
+			$E->{'-outputref'} = \@lines;
+			throw $E;
+		};
+		return @lines;
+	}
+}
+
+
+=item command_oneline ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
+
+=item command_oneline ( [ COMMAND, ARGUMENTS... ], { Opt => Val ... } )
+
+Execute the given C<COMMAND> in the same way as command()
+does but always return a scalar string containing the first line
+of the command's standard output.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_oneline {
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@_);
+
+	my $line = <$fh>;
+	defined $line and chomp $line;
+	try {
+		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		# Pepper with the output:
+		my $E = shift;
+		$E->{'-outputref'} = \$line;
+		throw $E;
+	};
+	return $line;
+}
+
+
+=item command_output_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
+
+=item command_output_pipe ( [ COMMAND, ARGUMENTS... ], { Opt => Val ... } )
+
+Execute the given C<COMMAND> in the same way as command()
+does but return a pipe filehandle from which the command output can be
+read.
+
+The function can return C<($pipe, $ctx)> in array context.
+See C<command_close_pipe()> for details.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_output_pipe {
+	_command_common_pipe('-|', @_);
+}
+
+
+=item command_input_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
+
+=item command_input_pipe ( [ COMMAND, ARGUMENTS... ], { Opt => Val ... } )
+
+Execute the given C<COMMAND> in the same way as command_output_pipe()
+does but return an input pipe filehandle instead; the command output
+is not captured.
+
+The function can return C<($pipe, $ctx)> in array context.
+See C<command_close_pipe()> for details.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_input_pipe {
+	_command_common_pipe('|-', @_);
+}
+
+
+=item command_close_pipe ( PIPE [, CTX ] )
+
+Close the C<PIPE> as returned from C<command_*_pipe()>, checking
+whether the command finished successfully. The optional C<CTX> argument
+is required if you want to see the command name in the error message,
+and it is the second value returned by C<command_*_pipe()> when
+called in array context. The call idiom is:
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = $r->command_output_pipe('status');
+	while (<$fh>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+
+Note that you should not rely on whatever actually is in C<CTX>;
+currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
+have more complicated structure.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_close_pipe {
+	my ($self, $fh, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	$ctx ||= '<unknown>';
+	_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+}
+
+=item command_bidi_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
+
+Execute the given C<COMMAND> in the same way as command_output_pipe()
+does but return both an input pipe filehandle and an output pipe filehandle.
+
+The function will return return C<($pid, $pipe_in, $pipe_out, $ctx)>.
+See C<command_close_bidi_pipe()> for details.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_bidi_pipe {
+	my ($pid, $in, $out);
+	$pid = open2($in, $out, 'git', @_);
+	return ($pid, $in, $out, join(' ', @_));
+}
+
+=item command_close_bidi_pipe ( PID, PIPE_IN, PIPE_OUT [, CTX] )
+
+Close the C<PIPE_IN> and C<PIPE_OUT> as returned from C<command_bidi_pipe()>,
+checking whether the command finished successfully. The optional C<CTX>
+argument is required if you want to see the command name in the error message,
+and it is the fourth value returned by C<command_bidi_pipe()>.  The call idiom
+is:
+
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
+	print "000000000\n" $out;
+	while (<$in>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
+
+Note that you should not rely on whatever actually is in C<CTX>;
+currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
+have more complicated structure.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_close_bidi_pipe {
+	local $?;
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = @_;
+	foreach my $fh ($in, $out) {
+		unless (close $fh) {
+			if ($!) {
+				carp "error closing pipe: $!";
+			} elsif ($? >> 8) {
+				throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	waitpid $pid, 0;
+
+	if ($? >> 8) {
+		throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
+	}
+}
+
+
+=item command_noisy ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
+
+Execute the given C<COMMAND> in the same way as command() does but do not
+capture the command output - the standard output is not redirected and goes
+to the standard output of the caller application.
+
+While the method is called command_noisy(), you might want to as well use
+it for the most silent Git commands which you know will never pollute your
+stdout but you want to avoid the overhead of the pipe setup when calling them.
+
+The function returns only after the command has finished running.
+
+=cut
+
+sub command_noisy {
+	my ($self, $cmd, @args) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	_check_valid_cmd($cmd);
+
+	my $pid = fork;
+	if (not defined $pid) {
+		throw Error::Simple("fork failed: $!");
+	} elsif ($pid == 0) {
+		_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
+	}
+	if (waitpid($pid, 0) > 0 and $?>>8 != 0) {
+		throw Git::Error::Command(join(' ', $cmd, @args), $? >> 8);
+	}
+}
+
+
+=item version ()
+
+Return the Git version in use.
+
+=cut
+
+sub version {
+	my $verstr = command_oneline('--version');
+	$verstr =~ s/^git version //;
+	$verstr;
+}
+
+
+=item exec_path ()
+
+Return path to the Git sub-command executables (the same as
+C<git --exec-path>). Useful mostly only internally.
+
+=cut
+
+sub exec_path { command_oneline('--exec-path') }
+
+
+=item html_path ()
+
+Return path to the Git html documentation (the same as
+C<git --html-path>). Useful mostly only internally.
+
+=cut
+
+sub html_path { command_oneline('--html-path') }
+
+
+=item repo_path ()
+
+Return path to the git repository. Must be called on a repository instance.
+
+=cut
+
+sub repo_path { $_[0]->{opts}->{Repository} }
+
+
+=item wc_path ()
+
+Return path to the working copy. Must be called on a repository instance.
+
+=cut
+
+sub wc_path { $_[0]->{opts}->{WorkingCopy} }
+
+
+=item wc_subdir ()
+
+Return path to the subdirectory inside of a working copy. Must be called
+on a repository instance.
+
+=cut
+
+sub wc_subdir { $_[0]->{opts}->{WorkingSubdir} ||= '' }
+
+
+=item wc_chdir ( SUBDIR )
+
+Change the working copy subdirectory to work within. The C<SUBDIR> is
+relative to the working copy root directory (not the current subdirectory).
+Must be called on a repository instance attached to a working copy
+and the directory must exist.
+
+=cut
+
+sub wc_chdir {
+	my ($self, $subdir) = @_;
+	$self->wc_path()
+		or throw Error::Simple("bare repository");
+
+	-d $self->wc_path().'/'.$subdir
+		or throw Error::Simple("subdir not found: $!");
+	# Of course we will not "hold" the subdirectory so anyone
+	# can delete it now and we will never know. But at least we tried.
+
+	$self->{opts}->{WorkingSubdir} = $subdir;
+}
+
+
+=item config ( VARIABLE )
+
+Retrieve the configuration C<VARIABLE> in the same manner as C<config>
+does. In scalar context requires the variable to be set only one time
+(exception is thrown otherwise), in array context returns allows the
+variable to be set multiple times and returns all the values.
+
+This currently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub config {
+	my ($self, $var) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	try {
+		my @cmd = ('config');
+		unshift @cmd, $self if $self;
+		if (wantarray) {
+			return command(@cmd, '--get-all', $var);
+		} else {
+			return command_oneline(@cmd, '--get', $var);
+		}
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		my $E = shift;
+		if ($E->value() == 1) {
+			# Key not found.
+			return;
+		} else {
+			throw $E;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+
+=item config_bool ( VARIABLE )
+
+Retrieve the bool configuration C<VARIABLE>. The return value
+is usable as a boolean in perl (and C<undef> if it's not defined,
+of course).
+
+This currently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub config_bool {
+	my ($self, $var) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	try {
+		my @cmd = ('config', '--bool', '--get', $var);
+		unshift @cmd, $self if $self;
+		my $val = command_oneline(@cmd);
+		return undef unless defined $val;
+		return $val eq 'true';
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		my $E = shift;
+		if ($E->value() == 1) {
+			# Key not found.
+			return undef;
+		} else {
+			throw $E;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+=item config_int ( VARIABLE )
+
+Retrieve the integer configuration C<VARIABLE>. The return value
+is simple decimal number.  An optional value suffix of 'k', 'm',
+or 'g' in the config file will cause the value to be multiplied
+by 1024, 1048576 (1024^2), or 1073741824 (1024^3) prior to output.
+It would return C<undef> if configuration variable is not defined,
+
+This currently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub config_int {
+	my ($self, $var) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	try {
+		my @cmd = ('config', '--int', '--get', $var);
+		unshift @cmd, $self if $self;
+		return command_oneline(@cmd);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		my $E = shift;
+		if ($E->value() == 1) {
+			# Key not found.
+			return undef;
+		} else {
+			throw $E;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+=item get_colorbool ( NAME )
+
+Finds if color should be used for NAMEd operation from the configuration,
+and returns boolean (true for "use color", false for "do not use color").
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_colorbool {
+	my ($self, $var) = @_;
+	my $stdout_to_tty = (-t STDOUT) ? "true" : "false";
+	my $use_color = $self->command_oneline('config', '--get-colorbool',
+					       $var, $stdout_to_tty);
+	return ($use_color eq 'true');
+}
+
+=item get_color ( SLOT, COLOR )
+
+Finds color for SLOT from the configuration, while defaulting to COLOR,
+and returns the ANSI color escape sequence:
+
+	print $repo->get_color("color.interactive.prompt", "underline blue white");
+	print "some text";
+	print $repo->get_color("", "normal");
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_color {
+	my ($self, $slot, $default) = @_;
+	my $color = $self->command_oneline('config', '--get-color', $slot, $default);
+	if (!defined $color) {
+		$color = "";
+	}
+	return $color;
+}
+
+=item remote_refs ( REPOSITORY [, GROUPS [, REFGLOBS ] ] )
+
+This function returns a hashref of refs stored in a given remote repository.
+The hash is in the format C<refname =\> hash>. For tags, the C<refname> entry
+contains the tag object while a C<refname^{}> entry gives the tagged objects.
+
+C<REPOSITORY> has the same meaning as the appropriate C<git-ls-remote>
+argument; either an URL or a remote name (if called on a repository instance).
+C<GROUPS> is an optional arrayref that can contain 'tags' to return all the
+tags and/or 'heads' to return all the heads. C<REFGLOB> is an optional array
+of strings containing a shell-like glob to further limit the refs returned in
+the hash; the meaning is again the same as the appropriate C<git-ls-remote>
+argument.
+
+This function may or may not be called on a repository instance. In the former
+case, remote names as defined in the repository are recognized as repository
+specifiers.
+
+=cut
+
+sub remote_refs {
+	my ($self, $repo, $groups, $refglobs) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my @args;
+	if (ref $groups eq 'ARRAY') {
+		foreach (@$groups) {
+			if ($_ eq 'heads') {
+				push (@args, '--heads');
+			} elsif ($_ eq 'tags') {
+				push (@args, '--tags');
+			} else {
+				# Ignore unknown groups for future
+				# compatibility
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	push (@args, $repo);
+	if (ref $refglobs eq 'ARRAY') {
+		push (@args, @$refglobs);
+	}
+
+	my @self = $self ? ($self) : (); # Ultra trickery
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = Git::command_output_pipe(@self, 'ls-remote', @args);
+	my %refs;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($hash, $ref) = split(/\t/, $_, 2);
+		$refs{$ref} = $hash;
+	}
+	Git::command_close_pipe(@self, $fh, $ctx);
+	return \%refs;
+}
+
+
+=item ident ( TYPE | IDENTSTR )
+
+=item ident_person ( TYPE | IDENTSTR | IDENTARRAY )
+
+This suite of functions retrieves and parses ident information, as stored
+in the commit and tag objects or produced by C<var GIT_type_IDENT> (thus
+C<TYPE> can be either I<author> or I<committer>; case is insignificant).
+
+The C<ident> method retrieves the ident information from C<git var>
+and either returns it as a scalar string or as an array with the fields parsed.
+Alternatively, it can take a prepared ident string (e.g. from the commit
+object) and just parse it.
+
+C<ident_person> returns the person part of the ident - name and email;
+it can take the same arguments as C<ident> or the array returned by C<ident>.
+
+The synopsis is like:
+
+	my ($name, $email, $time_tz) = ident('author');
+	"$name <$email>" eq ident_person('author');
+	"$name <$email>" eq ident_person($name);
+	$time_tz =~ /^\d+ [+-]\d{4}$/;
+
+=cut
+
+sub ident {
+	my ($self, $type) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my $identstr;
+	if (lc $type eq lc 'committer' or lc $type eq lc 'author') {
+		my @cmd = ('var', 'GIT_'.uc($type).'_IDENT');
+		unshift @cmd, $self if $self;
+		$identstr = command_oneline(@cmd);
+	} else {
+		$identstr = $type;
+	}
+	if (wantarray) {
+		return $identstr =~ /^(.*) <(.*)> (\d+ [+-]\d{4})$/;
+	} else {
+		return $identstr;
+	}
+}
+
+sub ident_person {
+	my ($self, @ident) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	$#ident == 0 and @ident = $self ? $self->ident($ident[0]) : ident($ident[0]);
+	return "$ident[0] <$ident[1]>";
+}
+
+
+=item hash_object ( TYPE, FILENAME )
+
+Compute the SHA1 object id of the given C<FILENAME> considering it is
+of the C<TYPE> object type (C<blob>, C<commit>, C<tree>).
+
+The method can be called without any instance or on a specified Git repository,
+it makes zero difference.
+
+The function returns the SHA1 hash.
+
+=cut
+
+# TODO: Support for passing FILEHANDLE instead of FILENAME
+sub hash_object {
+	my ($self, $type, $file) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	command_oneline('hash-object', '-t', $type, $file);
+}
+
+
+=item hash_and_insert_object ( FILENAME )
+
+Compute the SHA1 object id of the given C<FILENAME> and add the object to the
+object database.
+
+The function returns the SHA1 hash.
+
+=cut
+
+# TODO: Support for passing FILEHANDLE instead of FILENAME
+sub hash_and_insert_object {
+	my ($self, $filename) = @_;
+
+	carp "Bad filename \"$filename\"" if $filename =~ /[\r\n]/;
+
+	$self->_open_hash_and_insert_object_if_needed();
+	my ($in, $out) = ($self->{hash_object_in}, $self->{hash_object_out});
+
+	unless (print $out $filename, "\n") {
+		$self->_close_hash_and_insert_object();
+		throw Error::Simple("out pipe went bad");
+	}
+
+	chomp(my $hash = <$in>);
+	unless (defined($hash)) {
+		$self->_close_hash_and_insert_object();
+		throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
+	}
+
+	return $hash;
+}
+
+sub _open_hash_and_insert_object_if_needed {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+
+	return if defined($self->{hash_object_pid});
+
+	($self->{hash_object_pid}, $self->{hash_object_in},
+	 $self->{hash_object_out}, $self->{hash_object_ctx}) =
+		command_bidi_pipe(qw(hash-object -w --stdin-paths));
+}
+
+sub _close_hash_and_insert_object {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+
+	return unless defined($self->{hash_object_pid});
+
+	my @vars = map { 'hash_object_' . $_ } qw(pid in out ctx);
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe(@$self{@vars});
+	delete @$self{@vars};
+}
+
+=item cat_blob ( SHA1, FILEHANDLE )
+
+Prints the contents of the blob identified by C<SHA1> to C<FILEHANDLE> and
+returns the number of bytes printed.
+
+=cut
+
+sub cat_blob {
+	my ($self, $sha1, $fh) = @_;
+
+	$self->_open_cat_blob_if_needed();
+	my ($in, $out) = ($self->{cat_blob_in}, $self->{cat_blob_out});
+
+	unless (print $out $sha1, "\n") {
+		$self->_close_cat_blob();
+		throw Error::Simple("out pipe went bad");
+	}
+
+	my $description = <$in>;
+	if ($description =~ / missing$/) {
+		carp "$sha1 doesn't exist in the repository";
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if ($description !~ /^[0-9a-fA-F]{40} \S+ (\d+)$/) {
+		carp "Unexpected result returned from git cat-file";
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	my $size = $1;
+
+	my $blob;
+	my $bytesRead = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+		my $bytesLeft = $size - $bytesRead;
+		last unless $bytesLeft;
+
+		my $bytesToRead = $bytesLeft < 1024 ? $bytesLeft : 1024;
+		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead, $bytesRead);
+		unless (defined($read)) {
+			$self->_close_cat_blob();
+			throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
+		}
+
+		$bytesRead += $read;
+	}
+
+	# Skip past the trailing newline.
+	my $newline;
+	my $read = read($in, $newline, 1);
+	unless (defined($read)) {
+		$self->_close_cat_blob();
+		throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
+	}
+	unless ($read == 1 && $newline eq "\n") {
+		$self->_close_cat_blob();
+		throw Error::Simple("didn't find newline after blob");
+	}
+
+	unless (print $fh $blob) {
+		$self->_close_cat_blob();
+		throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
+	}
+
+	return $size;
+}
+
+sub _open_cat_blob_if_needed {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+
+	return if defined($self->{cat_blob_pid});
+
+	($self->{cat_blob_pid}, $self->{cat_blob_in},
+	 $self->{cat_blob_out}, $self->{cat_blob_ctx}) =
+		command_bidi_pipe(qw(cat-file --batch));
+}
+
+sub _close_cat_blob {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+
+	return unless defined($self->{cat_blob_pid});
+
+	my @vars = map { 'cat_blob_' . $_ } qw(pid in out ctx);
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe(@$self{@vars});
+	delete @$self{@vars};
+}
+
+
+{ # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
+
+my (%TEMP_FILEMAP, %TEMP_FILES);
+
+=item temp_acquire ( NAME )
+
+Attempts to retreive the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
+associated temp file has not been created this session or was closed, it is
+created, cached, and set for autoflush and binmode.
+
+Internally locks the file mapped to C<NAME>. This lock must be released with
+C<temp_release()> when the temp file is no longer needed. Subsequent attempts
+to retrieve temporary files mapped to the same C<NAME> while still locked will
+cause an error. This locking mechanism provides a weak guarantee and is not
+threadsafe. It does provide some error checking to help prevent temp file refs
+writing over one another.
+
+In general, the L<File::Handle> returned should not be closed by consumers as
+it defeats the purpose of this caching mechanism. If you need to close the temp
+file handle, then you should use L<File::Temp> or another temp file faculty
+directly. If a handle is closed and then requested again, then a warning will
+issue.
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_acquire {
+	my $temp_fd = _temp_cache(@_);
+
+	$TEMP_FILES{$temp_fd}{locked} = 1;
+	$temp_fd;
+}
+
+=item temp_release ( NAME )
+
+=item temp_release ( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Releases a lock acquired through C<temp_acquire()>. Can be called either with
+the C<NAME> mapping used when acquiring the temp file or with the C<FILEHANDLE>
+referencing a locked temp file.
+
+Warns if an attempt is made to release a file that is not locked.
+
+The temp file will be truncated before being released. This can help to reduce
+disk I/O where the system is smart enough to detect the truncation while data
+is in the output buffers. Beware that after the temp file is released and
+truncated, any operations on that file may fail miserably until it is
+re-acquired. All contents are lost between each release and acquire mapped to
+the same string.
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_release {
+	my ($self, $temp_fd, $trunc) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	if (exists $TEMP_FILEMAP{$temp_fd}) {
+		$temp_fd = $TEMP_FILES{$temp_fd};
+	}
+	unless ($TEMP_FILES{$temp_fd}{locked}) {
+		carp "Attempt to release temp file '",
+			$temp_fd, "' that has not been locked";
+	}
+	temp_reset($temp_fd) if $trunc and $temp_fd->opened;
+
+	$TEMP_FILES{$temp_fd}{locked} = 0;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub _temp_cache {
+	my ($self, $name) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	_verify_require();
+
+	my $temp_fd = \$TEMP_FILEMAP{$name};
+	if (defined $$temp_fd and $$temp_fd->opened) {
+		if ($TEMP_FILES{$$temp_fd}{locked}) {
+			throw Error::Simple("Temp file with moniker '" .
+				$name . "' already in use");
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (defined $$temp_fd) {
+			# then we're here because of a closed handle.
+			carp "Temp file '", $name,
+				"' was closed. Opening replacement.";
+		}
+		my $fname;
+
+		my $tmpdir;
+		if (defined $self) {
+			$tmpdir = $self->repo_path();
+		}
+
+		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp->tempfile(
+			'Git_XXXXXX', UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
+			) or throw Error::Simple("couldn't open new temp file");
+
+		$$temp_fd->autoflush;
+		binmode $$temp_fd;
+		$TEMP_FILES{$$temp_fd}{fname} = $fname;
+	}
+	$$temp_fd;
+}
+
+sub _verify_require {
+	eval { require File::Temp; require File::Spec; };
+	$@ and throw Error::Simple($@);
+}
+
+=item temp_reset ( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Truncates and resets the position of the C<FILEHANDLE>.
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_reset {
+	my ($self, $temp_fd) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	truncate $temp_fd, 0
+		or throw Error::Simple("couldn't truncate file");
+	sysseek($temp_fd, 0, SEEK_SET) and seek($temp_fd, 0, SEEK_SET)
+		or throw Error::Simple("couldn't seek to beginning of file");
+	sysseek($temp_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) == 0 and tell($temp_fd) == 0
+		or throw Error::Simple("expected file position to be reset");
+}
+
+=item temp_path ( NAME )
+
+=item temp_path ( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Returns the filename associated with the given tempfile.
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_path {
+	my ($self, $temp_fd) = _maybe_self(@_);
+
+	if (exists $TEMP_FILEMAP{$temp_fd}) {
+		$temp_fd = $TEMP_FILEMAP{$temp_fd};
+	}
+	$TEMP_FILES{$temp_fd}{fname};
+}
+
+sub END {
+	unlink values %TEMP_FILEMAP if %TEMP_FILEMAP;
+}
+
+} # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ERROR HANDLING
+
+All functions are supposed to throw Perl exceptions in case of errors.
+See the L<Error> module on how to catch those. Most exceptions are mere
+L<Error::Simple> instances.
+
+However, the C<command()>, C<command_oneline()> and C<command_noisy()>
+functions suite can throw C<Git::Error::Command> exceptions as well: those are
+thrown when the external command returns an error code and contain the error
+code as well as access to the captured command's output. The exception class
+provides the usual C<stringify> and C<value> (command's exit code) methods and
+in addition also a C<cmd_output> method that returns either an array or a
+string with the captured command output (depending on the original function
+call context; C<command_noisy()> returns C<undef>) and $<cmdline> which
+returns the command and its arguments (but without proper quoting).
+
+Note that the C<command_*_pipe()> functions cannot throw this exception since
+it has no idea whether the command failed or not. You will only find out
+at the time you C<close> the pipe; if you want to have that automated,
+use C<command_close_pipe()>, which can throw the exception.
+
+=cut
+
+{
+	package Git::Error::Command;
+
+	@Git::Error::Command::ISA = qw(Error);
+
+	sub new {
+		my $self = shift;
+		my $cmdline = '' . shift;
+		my $value = 0 + shift;
+		my $outputref = shift;
+		my(@args) = ();
+
+		local $Error::Depth = $Error::Depth + 1;
+
+		push(@args, '-cmdline', $cmdline);
+		push(@args, '-value', $value);
+		push(@args, '-outputref', $outputref);
+
+		$self->SUPER::new(-text => 'command returned error', @args);
+	}
+
+	sub stringify {
+		my $self = shift;
+		my $text = $self->SUPER::stringify;
+		$self->cmdline() . ': ' . $text . ': ' . $self->value() . "\n";
+	}
+
+	sub cmdline {
+		my $self = shift;
+		$self->{'-cmdline'};
+	}
+
+	sub cmd_output {
+		my $self = shift;
+		my $ref = $self->{'-outputref'};
+		defined $ref or undef;
+		if (ref $ref eq 'ARRAY') {
+			return @$ref;
+		} else { # SCALAR
+			return $$ref;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+=over 4
+
+=item git_cmd_try { CODE } ERRMSG
+
+This magical statement will automatically catch any C<Git::Error::Command>
+exceptions thrown by C<CODE> and make your program die with C<ERRMSG>
+on its lips; the message will have %s substituted for the command line
+and %d for the exit status. This statement is useful mostly for producing
+more user-friendly error messages.
+
+In case of no exception caught the statement returns C<CODE>'s return value.
+
+Note that this is the only auto-exported function.
+
+=cut
+
+sub git_cmd_try(&$) {
+	my ($code, $errmsg) = @_;
+	my @result;
+	my $err;
+	my $array = wantarray;
+	try {
+		if ($array) {
+			@result = &$code;
+		} else {
+			$result[0] = &$code;
+		}
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		my $E = shift;
+		$err = $errmsg;
+		$err =~ s/\%s/$E->cmdline()/ge;
+		$err =~ s/\%d/$E->value()/ge;
+		# We can't croak here since Error.pm would mangle
+		# that to Error::Simple.
+	};
+	$err and croak $err;
+	return $array ? @result : $result[0];
+}
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright 2006 by Petr Baudis E<lt>pasky@suse.czE<gt>.
+
+This module is free software; it may be used, copied, modified
+and distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence,
+either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+=cut
+
+
+# Take raw method argument list and return ($obj, @args) in case
+# the method was called upon an instance and (undef, @args) if
+# it was called directly.
+sub _maybe_self {
+	UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], 'Git') ? @_ : (undef, @_);
+}
+
+# Check if the command id is something reasonable.
+sub _check_valid_cmd {
+	my ($cmd) = @_;
+	$cmd =~ /^[a-z0-9A-Z_-]+$/ or throw Error::Simple("bad command: $cmd");
+}
+
+# Common backend for the pipe creators.
+sub _command_common_pipe {
+	my $direction = shift;
+	my ($self, @p) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my (%opts, $cmd, @args);
+	if (ref $p[0]) {
+		($cmd, @args) = @{shift @p};
+		%opts = ref $p[0] ? %{$p[0]} : @p;
+	} else {
+		($cmd, @args) = @p;
+	}
+	_check_valid_cmd($cmd);
+
+	my $fh;
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
+		# ActiveState Perl
+		#defined $opts{STDERR} and
+		#	warn 'ignoring STDERR option - running w/ ActiveState';
+		$direction eq '-|' or
+			die 'input pipe for ActiveState not implemented';
+		# the strange construction with *ACPIPE is just to
+		# explain the tie below that we want to bind to
+		# a handle class, not scalar. It is not known if
+		# it is something specific to ActiveState Perl or
+		# just a Perl quirk.
+		tie (*ACPIPE, 'Git::activestate_pipe', $cmd, @args);
+		$fh = *ACPIPE;
+
+	} else {
+		my $pid = open($fh, $direction);
+		if (not defined $pid) {
+			throw Error::Simple("open failed: $!");
+		} elsif ($pid == 0) {
+			if (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
+				close STDERR;
+			}
+			if ($opts{STDERR}) {
+				open (STDERR, '>&', $opts{STDERR})
+					or die "dup failed: $!";
+			}
+			_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
+		}
+	}
+	return wantarray ? ($fh, join(' ', $cmd, @args)) : $fh;
+}
+
+# When already in the subprocess, set up the appropriate state
+# for the given repository and execute the git command.
+sub _cmd_exec {
+	my ($self, @args) = @_;
+	if ($self) {
+		$self->repo_path() and $ENV{'GIT_DIR'} = $self->repo_path();
+		$self->repo_path() and $self->wc_path()
+			and $ENV{'GIT_WORK_TREE'} = $self->wc_path();
+		$self->wc_path() and chdir($self->wc_path());
+		$self->wc_subdir() and chdir($self->wc_subdir());
+	}
+	_execv_git_cmd(@args);
+	die qq[exec "@args" failed: $!];
+}
+
+# Execute the given Git command ($_[0]) with arguments ($_[1..])
+# by searching for it at proper places.
+sub _execv_git_cmd { exec('git', @_); }
+
+# Close pipe to a subprocess.
+sub _cmd_close {
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = @_;
+	if (not close $fh) {
+		if ($!) {
+			# It's just close, no point in fatalities
+			carp "error closing pipe: $!";
+		} elsif ($? >> 8) {
+			# The caller should pepper this.
+			throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >> 8);
+		}
+		# else we might e.g. closed a live stream; the command
+		# dying of SIGPIPE would drive us here.
+	}
+}
+
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	$self->_close_hash_and_insert_object();
+	$self->_close_cat_blob();
+}
+
+
+# Pipe implementation for ActiveState Perl.
+
+package Git::activestate_pipe;
+use strict;
+
+sub TIEHANDLE {
+	my ($class, @params) = @_;
+	# FIXME: This is probably horrible idea and the thing will explode
+	# at the moment you give it arguments that require some quoting,
+	# but I have no ActiveState clue... --pasky
+	# Let's just hope ActiveState Perl does at least the quoting
+	# correctly.
+	my @data = qx{git @params};
+	bless { i => 0, data => \@data }, $class;
+}
+
+sub READLINE {
+	my $self = shift;
+	if ($self->{i} >= scalar @{$self->{data}}) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+	my $i = $self->{i};
+	if (wantarray) {
+		$self->{i} = $#{$self->{'data'}} + 1;
+		return splice(@{$self->{'data'}}, $i);
+	}
+	$self->{i} = $i + 1;
+	return $self->{'data'}->[ $i ];
+}
+
+sub CLOSE {
+	my $self = shift;
+	delete $self->{data};
+	delete $self->{i};
+}
+
+sub EOF {
+	my $self = shift;
+	return ($self->{i} >= scalar @{$self->{data}});
+}
+
+
+1; # Famous last words
diff --git a/perl/Makefile b/perl/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ab21d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#
+# Makefile for perl support modules and routine
+#
+makfile:=perl.mak
+
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
+
+ifndef V
+	QUIET = @
+endif
+
+all install instlibdir: $(makfile)
+	$(QUIET)$(MAKE) -f $(makfile) $@
+
+clean:
+	$(QUIET)test -f $(makfile) && $(MAKE) -f $(makfile) $@ || exit 0
+	$(RM) ppport.h
+	$(RM) $(makfile)
+	$(RM) $(makfile).old
+
+ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
+instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix)/lib)
+$(makfile): ../GIT-CFLAGS Makefile
+	echo all: private-Error.pm Git.pm > $@
+	echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib' >> $@
+	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Git.pm; cp Git.pm blib/lib/' >> $@
+	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
+	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
+	echo '	cp private-Error.pm blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
+	echo install: >> $@
+	echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)"' >> $@
+	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Git.pm"; cp Git.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)"' >> $@
+	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
+	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
+	echo '	cp private-Error.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
+	echo instlibdir: >> $@
+	echo '	echo $(instdir_SQ)' >> $@
+else
+$(makfile): Makefile.PL ../GIT-CFLAGS
+	$(PERL_PATH) $< PREFIX='$(prefix_SQ)'
+endif
+
+# this is just added comfort for calling make directly in perl dir
+# (even though GIT-CFLAGS aren't used yet. If ever)
+../GIT-CFLAGS:
+	$(MAKE) -C .. GIT-CFLAGS
diff --git a/perl/Makefile.PL b/perl/Makefile.PL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b9deca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Makefile.PL
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
+
+sub MY::postamble {
+	return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
+instlibdir:
+	@echo '$(INSTALLSITELIB)'
+
+ifneq (,$(DESTDIR))
+ifeq (0,$(shell expr '$(MM_VERSION)' '>' 6.10))
+$(error ExtUtils::MakeMaker version "$(MM_VERSION)" is older than 6.11 and so \
+	is likely incompatible with the DESTDIR mechanism.  Try setting \
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER=1 instead)
+endif
+endif
+
+MAKE_FRAG
+}
+
+my %pm = ('Git.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git.pm');
+
+# We come with our own bundled Error.pm. It's not in the set of default
+# Perl modules so install it if it's not available on the system yet.
+eval { require Error };
+if ($@ || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
+	$pm{'private-Error.pm'} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Error.pm';
+}
+
+# redirect stdout, otherwise the message "Writing perl.mak for Git"
+# disrupts the output for the target 'instlibdir'
+open STDOUT, ">&STDERR";
+
+WriteMakefile(
+	NAME            => 'Git',
+	VERSION_FROM    => 'Git.pm',
+	PM		=> \%pm,
+	MAKEFILE	=> 'perl.mak',
+	INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR => '$(SITEPREFIX)/share/man/man3'
+);
diff --git a/perl/private-Error.pm b/perl/private-Error.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11e9cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/private-Error.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
+# Error.pm
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1997-8 Graham Barr <gbarr@ti.com>. All rights reserved.
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+#
+# Based on my original Error.pm, and Exceptions.pm by Peter Seibel
+# <peter@weblogic.com> and adapted by Jesse Glick <jglick@sig.bsh.com>.
+#
+# but modified ***significantly***
+
+package Error;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use 5.004;
+
+$VERSION = "0.15009";
+
+use overload (
+	'""'	   =>	'stringify',
+	'0+'	   =>	'value',
+	'bool'     =>	sub { return 1; },
+	'fallback' =>	1
+);
+
+$Error::Depth = 0;	# Depth to pass to caller()
+$Error::Debug = 0;	# Generate verbose stack traces
+@Error::STACK = ();	# Clause stack for try
+$Error::THROWN = undef;	# last error thrown, a workaround until die $ref works
+
+my $LAST;		# Last error created
+my %ERROR;		# Last error associated with package
+
+sub throw_Error_Simple
+{
+    my $args = shift;
+    return Error::Simple->new($args->{'text'});
+}
+
+$Error::ObjectifyCallback = \&throw_Error_Simple;
+
+
+# Exported subs are defined in Error::subs
+
+sub import {
+    shift;
+    local $Exporter::ExportLevel = $Exporter::ExportLevel + 1;
+    Error::subs->import(@_);
+}
+
+# I really want to use last for the name of this method, but it is a keyword
+# which prevent the syntax  last Error
+
+sub prior {
+    shift; # ignore
+
+    return $LAST unless @_;
+
+    my $pkg = shift;
+    return exists $ERROR{$pkg} ? $ERROR{$pkg} : undef
+	unless ref($pkg);
+
+    my $obj = $pkg;
+    my $err = undef;
+    if($obj->isa('HASH')) {
+	$err = $obj->{'__Error__'}
+	    if exists $obj->{'__Error__'};
+    }
+    elsif($obj->isa('GLOB')) {
+	$err = ${*$obj}{'__Error__'}
+	    if exists ${*$obj}{'__Error__'};
+    }
+
+    $err;
+}
+
+sub flush {
+    shift; #ignore
+
+    unless (@_) {
+       $LAST = undef;
+       return;
+    }
+
+    my $pkg = shift;
+    return unless ref($pkg);
+
+    undef $ERROR{$pkg} if defined $ERROR{$pkg};
+}
+
+# Return as much information as possible about where the error
+# happened. The -stacktrace element only exists if $Error::DEBUG
+# was set when the error was created
+
+sub stacktrace {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    return $self->{'-stacktrace'}
+	if exists $self->{'-stacktrace'};
+
+    my $text = exists $self->{'-text'} ? $self->{'-text'} : "Died";
+
+    $text .= sprintf(" at %s line %d.\n", $self->file, $self->line)
+	unless($text =~ /\n$/s);
+
+    $text;
+}
+
+# Allow error propagation, ie
+#
+# $ber->encode(...) or
+#    return Error->prior($ber)->associate($ldap);
+
+sub associate {
+    my $err = shift;
+    my $obj = shift;
+
+    return unless ref($obj);
+
+    if($obj->isa('HASH')) {
+	$obj->{'__Error__'} = $err;
+    }
+    elsif($obj->isa('GLOB')) {
+	${*$obj}{'__Error__'} = $err;
+    }
+    $obj = ref($obj);
+    $ERROR{ ref($obj) } = $err;
+
+    return;
+}
+
+sub new {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($pkg,$file,$line) = caller($Error::Depth);
+
+    my $err = bless {
+	'-package' => $pkg,
+	'-file'    => $file,
+	'-line'    => $line,
+	@_
+    }, $self;
+
+    $err->associate($err->{'-object'})
+	if(exists $err->{'-object'});
+
+    # To always create a stacktrace would be very inefficient, so
+    # we only do it if $Error::Debug is set
+
+    if($Error::Debug) {
+	require Carp;
+	local $Carp::CarpLevel = $Error::Depth;
+	my $text = defined($err->{'-text'}) ? $err->{'-text'} : "Error";
+	my $trace = Carp::longmess($text);
+	# Remove try calls from the trace
+	$trace =~ s/(\n\s+\S+__ANON__[^\n]+)?\n\s+eval[^\n]+\n\s+Error::subs::try[^\n]+(?=\n)//sog;
+	$trace =~ s/(\n\s+\S+__ANON__[^\n]+)?\n\s+eval[^\n]+\n\s+Error::subs::run_clauses[^\n]+\n\s+Error::subs::try[^\n]+(?=\n)//sog;
+	$err->{'-stacktrace'} = $trace
+    }
+
+    $@ = $LAST = $ERROR{$pkg} = $err;
+}
+
+# Throw an error. this contains some very gory code.
+
+sub throw {
+    my $self = shift;
+    local $Error::Depth = $Error::Depth + 1;
+
+    # if we are not rethrow-ing then create the object to throw
+    $self = $self->new(@_) unless ref($self);
+
+    die $Error::THROWN = $self;
+}
+
+# syntactic sugar for
+#
+#    die with Error( ... );
+
+sub with {
+    my $self = shift;
+    local $Error::Depth = $Error::Depth + 1;
+
+    $self->new(@_);
+}
+
+# syntactic sugar for
+#
+#    record Error( ... ) and return;
+
+sub record {
+    my $self = shift;
+    local $Error::Depth = $Error::Depth + 1;
+
+    $self->new(@_);
+}
+
+# catch clause for
+#
+# try { ... } catch CLASS with { ... }
+
+sub catch {
+    my $pkg = shift;
+    my $code = shift;
+    my $clauses = shift || {};
+    my $catch = $clauses->{'catch'} ||= [];
+
+    unshift @$catch,  $pkg, $code;
+
+    $clauses;
+}
+
+# Object query methods
+
+sub object {
+    my $self = shift;
+    exists $self->{'-object'} ? $self->{'-object'} : undef;
+}
+
+sub file {
+    my $self = shift;
+    exists $self->{'-file'} ? $self->{'-file'} : undef;
+}
+
+sub line {
+    my $self = shift;
+    exists $self->{'-line'} ? $self->{'-line'} : undef;
+}
+
+sub text {
+    my $self = shift;
+    exists $self->{'-text'} ? $self->{'-text'} : undef;
+}
+
+# overload methods
+
+sub stringify {
+    my $self = shift;
+    defined $self->{'-text'} ? $self->{'-text'} : "Died";
+}
+
+sub value {
+    my $self = shift;
+    exists $self->{'-value'} ? $self->{'-value'} : undef;
+}
+
+package Error::Simple;
+
+@Error::Simple::ISA = qw(Error);
+
+sub new {
+    my $self  = shift;
+    my $text  = "" . shift;
+    my $value = shift;
+    my(@args) = ();
+
+    local $Error::Depth = $Error::Depth + 1;
+
+    @args = ( -file => $1, -line => $2)
+	if($text =~ s/\s+at\s+(\S+)\s+line\s+(\d+)(?:,\s*<[^>]*>\s+line\s+\d+)?\.?\n?$//s);
+    push(@args, '-value', 0 + $value)
+	if defined($value);
+
+    $self->SUPER::new(-text => $text, @args);
+}
+
+sub stringify {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $text = $self->SUPER::stringify;
+    $text .= sprintf(" at %s line %d.\n", $self->file, $self->line)
+	unless($text =~ /\n$/s);
+    $text;
+}
+
+##########################################################################
+##########################################################################
+
+# Inspired by code from Jesse Glick <jglick@sig.bsh.com> and
+# Peter Seibel <peter@weblogic.com>
+
+package Error::subs;
+
+use Exporter ();
+use vars qw(@EXPORT_OK @ISA %EXPORT_TAGS);
+
+@EXPORT_OK   = qw(try with finally except otherwise);
+%EXPORT_TAGS = (try => \@EXPORT_OK);
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+
+sub blessed {
+	my $item = shift;
+	local $@; # don't kill an outer $@
+	ref $item and eval { $item->can('can') };
+}
+
+
+sub run_clauses ($$$\@) {
+    my($clauses,$err,$wantarray,$result) = @_;
+    my $code = undef;
+
+    $err = $Error::ObjectifyCallback->({'text' =>$err}) unless ref($err);
+
+    CATCH: {
+
+	# catch
+	my $catch;
+	if(defined($catch = $clauses->{'catch'})) {
+	    my $i = 0;
+
+	    CATCHLOOP:
+	    for( ; $i < @$catch ; $i += 2) {
+		my $pkg = $catch->[$i];
+		unless(defined $pkg) {
+		    #except
+		    splice(@$catch,$i,2,$catch->[$i+1]->());
+		    $i -= 2;
+		    next CATCHLOOP;
+		}
+		elsif(blessed($err) && $err->isa($pkg)) {
+		    $code = $catch->[$i+1];
+		    while(1) {
+			my $more = 0;
+			local($Error::THROWN);
+			my $ok = eval {
+			    if($wantarray) {
+				@{$result} = $code->($err,\$more);
+			    }
+			    elsif(defined($wantarray)) {
+			        @{$result} = ();
+				$result->[0] = $code->($err,\$more);
+			    }
+			    else {
+				$code->($err,\$more);
+			    }
+			    1;
+			};
+			if( $ok ) {
+			    next CATCHLOOP if $more;
+			    undef $err;
+			}
+			else {
+			    $err = defined($Error::THROWN)
+				    ? $Error::THROWN : $@;
+                $err = $Error::ObjectifyCallback->({'text' =>$err})
+                    unless ref($err);
+			}
+			last CATCH;
+		    };
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	# otherwise
+	my $owise;
+	if(defined($owise = $clauses->{'otherwise'})) {
+	    my $code = $clauses->{'otherwise'};
+	    my $more = 0;
+	    my $ok = eval {
+		if($wantarray) {
+		    @{$result} = $code->($err,\$more);
+		}
+		elsif(defined($wantarray)) {
+		    @{$result} = ();
+		    $result->[0] = $code->($err,\$more);
+		}
+		else {
+		    $code->($err,\$more);
+		}
+		1;
+	    };
+	    if( $ok ) {
+		undef $err;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		$err = defined($Error::THROWN)
+			? $Error::THROWN : $@;
+
+        $err = $Error::ObjectifyCallback->({'text' =>$err})
+            unless ref($err);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    $err;
+}
+
+sub try (&;$) {
+    my $try = shift;
+    my $clauses = @_ ? shift : {};
+    my $ok = 0;
+    my $err = undef;
+    my @result = ();
+
+    unshift @Error::STACK, $clauses;
+
+    my $wantarray = wantarray();
+
+    do {
+	local $Error::THROWN = undef;
+    local $@ = undef;
+
+	$ok = eval {
+	    if($wantarray) {
+		@result = $try->();
+	    }
+	    elsif(defined $wantarray) {
+		$result[0] = $try->();
+	    }
+	    else {
+		$try->();
+	    }
+	    1;
+	};
+
+	$err = defined($Error::THROWN) ? $Error::THROWN : $@
+	    unless $ok;
+    };
+
+    shift @Error::STACK;
+
+    $err = run_clauses($clauses,$err,wantarray,@result)
+	unless($ok);
+
+    $clauses->{'finally'}->()
+	if(defined($clauses->{'finally'}));
+
+    if (defined($err))
+    {
+        if (blessed($err) && $err->can('throw'))
+        {
+            throw $err;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            die $err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    wantarray ? @result : $result[0];
+}
+
+# Each clause adds a sub to the list of clauses. The finally clause is
+# always the last, and the otherwise clause is always added just before
+# the finally clause.
+#
+# All clauses, except the finally clause, add a sub which takes one argument
+# this argument will be the error being thrown. The sub will return a code ref
+# if that clause can handle that error, otherwise undef is returned.
+#
+# The otherwise clause adds a sub which unconditionally returns the users
+# code reference, this is why it is forced to be last.
+#
+# The catch clause is defined in Error.pm, as the syntax causes it to
+# be called as a method
+
+sub with (&;$) {
+    @_
+}
+
+sub finally (&) {
+    my $code = shift;
+    my $clauses = { 'finally' => $code };
+    $clauses;
+}
+
+# The except clause is a block which returns a hashref or a list of
+# key-value pairs, where the keys are the classes and the values are subs.
+
+sub except (&;$) {
+    my $code = shift;
+    my $clauses = shift || {};
+    my $catch = $clauses->{'catch'} ||= [];
+
+    my $sub = sub {
+	my $ref;
+	my(@array) = $code->($_[0]);
+	if(@array == 1 && ref($array[0])) {
+	    $ref = $array[0];
+	    $ref = [ %$ref ]
+		if(UNIVERSAL::isa($ref,'HASH'));
+	}
+	else {
+	    $ref = \@array;
+	}
+	@$ref
+    };
+
+    unshift @{$catch}, undef, $sub;
+
+    $clauses;
+}
+
+sub otherwise (&;$) {
+    my $code = shift;
+    my $clauses = shift || {};
+
+    if(exists $clauses->{'otherwise'}) {
+	require Carp;
+	Carp::croak("Multiple otherwise clauses");
+    }
+
+    $clauses->{'otherwise'} = $code;
+
+    $clauses;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Error - Error/exception handling in an OO-ish way
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Error qw(:try);
+
+    throw Error::Simple( "A simple error");
+
+    sub xyz {
+        ...
+	record Error::Simple("A simple error")
+	    and return;
+    }
+
+    unlink($file) or throw Error::Simple("$file: $!",$!);
+
+    try {
+	do_some_stuff();
+	die "error!" if $condition;
+	throw Error::Simple -text => "Oops!" if $other_condition;
+    }
+    catch Error::IO with {
+	my $E = shift;
+	print STDERR "File ", $E->{'-file'}, " had a problem\n";
+    }
+    except {
+	my $E = shift;
+	my $general_handler=sub {send_message $E->{-description}};
+	return {
+	    UserException1 => $general_handler,
+	    UserException2 => $general_handler
+	};
+    }
+    otherwise {
+	print STDERR "Well I don't know what to say\n";
+    }
+    finally {
+	close_the_garage_door_already(); # Should be reliable
+    }; # Don't forget the trailing ; or you might be surprised
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+The C<Error> package provides two interfaces. Firstly C<Error> provides
+a procedural interface to exception handling. Secondly C<Error> is a
+base class for errors/exceptions that can either be thrown, for
+subsequent catch, or can simply be recorded.
+
+Errors in the class C<Error> should not be thrown directly, but the
+user should throw errors from a sub-class of C<Error>.
+
+=head1 PROCEDURAL INTERFACE
+
+C<Error> exports subroutines to perform exception handling. These will
+be exported if the C<:try> tag is used in the C<use> line.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item try BLOCK CLAUSES
+
+C<try> is the main subroutine called by the user. All other subroutines
+exported are clauses to the try subroutine.
+
+The BLOCK will be evaluated and, if no error is throw, try will return
+the result of the block.
+
+C<CLAUSES> are the subroutines below, which describe what to do in the
+event of an error being thrown within BLOCK.
+
+=item catch CLASS with BLOCK
+
+This clauses will cause all errors that satisfy C<$err-E<gt>isa(CLASS)>
+to be caught and handled by evaluating C<BLOCK>.
+
+C<BLOCK> will be passed two arguments. The first will be the error
+being thrown. The second is a reference to a scalar variable. If this
+variable is set by the catch block then, on return from the catch
+block, try will continue processing as if the catch block was never
+found.
+
+To propagate the error the catch block may call C<$err-E<gt>throw>
+
+If the scalar reference by the second argument is not set, and the
+error is not thrown. Then the current try block will return with the
+result from the catch block.
+
+=item except BLOCK
+
+When C<try> is looking for a handler, if an except clause is found
+C<BLOCK> is evaluated. The return value from this block should be a
+HASHREF or a list of key-value pairs, where the keys are class names
+and the values are CODE references for the handler of errors of that
+type.
+
+=item otherwise BLOCK
+
+Catch any error by executing the code in C<BLOCK>
+
+When evaluated C<BLOCK> will be passed one argument, which will be the
+error being processed.
+
+Only one otherwise block may be specified per try block
+
+=item finally BLOCK
+
+Execute the code in C<BLOCK> either after the code in the try block has
+successfully completed, or if the try block throws an error then
+C<BLOCK> will be executed after the handler has completed.
+
+If the handler throws an error then the error will be caught, the
+finally block will be executed and the error will be re-thrown.
+
+Only one finally block may be specified per try block
+
+=back
+
+=head1 CLASS INTERFACE
+
+=head2 CONSTRUCTORS
+
+The C<Error> object is implemented as a HASH. This HASH is initialized
+with the arguments that are passed to it's constructor. The elements
+that are used by, or are retrievable by the C<Error> class are listed
+below, other classes may add to these.
+
+	-file
+	-line
+	-text
+	-value
+	-object
+
+If C<-file> or C<-line> are not specified in the constructor arguments
+then these will be initialized with the file name and line number where
+the constructor was called from.
+
+If the error is associated with an object then the object should be
+passed as the C<-object> argument. This will allow the C<Error> package
+to associate the error with the object.
+
+The C<Error> package remembers the last error created, and also the
+last error associated with a package. This could either be the last
+error created by a sub in that package, or the last error which passed
+an object blessed into that package as the C<-object> argument.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item throw ( [ ARGS ] )
+
+Create a new C<Error> object and throw an error, which will be caught
+by a surrounding C<try> block, if there is one. Otherwise it will cause
+the program to exit.
+
+C<throw> may also be called on an existing error to re-throw it.
+
+=item with ( [ ARGS ] )
+
+Create a new C<Error> object and returns it. This is defined for
+syntactic sugar, eg
+
+    die with Some::Error ( ... );
+
+=item record ( [ ARGS ] )
+
+Create a new C<Error> object and returns it. This is defined for
+syntactic sugar, eg
+
+    record Some::Error ( ... )
+	and return;
+
+=back
+
+=head2 STATIC METHODS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item prior ( [ PACKAGE ] )
+
+Return the last error created, or the last error associated with
+C<PACKAGE>
+
+=item flush ( [ PACKAGE ] )
+
+Flush the last error created, or the last error associated with
+C<PACKAGE>.It is necessary to clear the error stack before exiting the
+package or uncaught errors generated using C<record> will be reported.
+
+     $Error->flush;
+
+=cut
+
+=back
+
+=head2 OBJECT METHODS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item stacktrace
+
+If the variable C<$Error::Debug> was non-zero when the error was
+created, then C<stacktrace> returns a string created by calling
+C<Carp::longmess>. If the variable was zero the C<stacktrace> returns
+the text of the error appended with the filename and line number of
+where the error was created, providing the text does not end with a
+newline.
+
+=item object
+
+The object this error was associated with
+
+=item file
+
+The file where the constructor of this error was called from
+
+=item line
+
+The line where the constructor of this error was called from
+
+=item text
+
+The text of the error
+
+=back
+
+=head2 OVERLOAD METHODS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item stringify
+
+A method that converts the object into a string. This method may simply
+return the same as the C<text> method, or it may append more
+information. For example the file name and line number.
+
+By default this method returns the C<-text> argument that was passed to
+the constructor, or the string C<"Died"> if none was given.
+
+=item value
+
+A method that will return a value that can be associated with the
+error. For example if an error was created due to the failure of a
+system call, then this may return the numeric value of C<$!> at the
+time.
+
+By default this method returns the C<-value> argument that was passed
+to the constructor.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 PRE-DEFINED ERROR CLASSES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Error::Simple
+
+This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. It's
+constructor takes two arguments. The first is a text value, the second
+is a numeric value. These values are what will be returned by the
+overload methods.
+
+If the text value ends with C<at file line 1> as $@ strings do, then
+this infomation will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
+of the error object.
+
+This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error
+that is a plain string. (Unless C<$Error::ObjectifyCallback> is modified)
+
+=back
+
+=head1 $Error::ObjectifyCallback
+
+This variable holds a reference to a subroutine that converts errors that
+are plain strings to objects. It is used by Error.pm to convert textual
+errors to objects, and can be overridden by the user.
+
+It accepts a single argument which is a hash reference to named parameters.
+Currently the only named parameter passed is C<'text'> which is the text
+of the error, but others may be available in the future.
+
+For example the following code will cause Error.pm to throw objects of the
+class MyError::Bar by default:
+
+    sub throw_MyError_Bar
+    {
+        my $args = shift;
+        my $err = MyError::Bar->new();
+        $err->{'MyBarText'} = $args->{'text'};
+        return $err;
+    }
+
+    {
+        local $Error::ObjectifyCallback = \&throw_MyError_Bar;
+
+        # Error handling here.
+    }
+
+=head1 KNOWN BUGS
+
+None, but that does not mean there are not any.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>
+
+The code that inspired me to write this was originally written by
+Peter Seibel <peter@weblogic.com> and adapted by Jesse Glick
+<jglick@sig.bsh.com>.
+
+=head1 MAINTAINER
+
+Shlomi Fish <shlomif@iglu.org.il>
+
+=head1 PAST MAINTAINERS
+
+Arun Kumar U <u_arunkumar@yahoo.com>
+
+=cut
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..295ba2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+
+/*
+ * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
+ * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
+ * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
+ * would be an error).
+ *
+ * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
+ * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
+ * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
+ * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
+ * process entirely).
+ *
+ * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
+ * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
+ */
+ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, ssize_t n)
+{
+	ssize_t nn = n;
+	while (n) {
+		int ret = xwrite(fd, buf, n);
+		if (ret > 0) {
+			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
+			n -= ret;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!ret)
+			die("write error (disk full?)");
+		die_errno("write error");
+	}
+	return nn;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If we buffered things up above (we don't, but we should),
+ * we'd flush it here
+ */
+void packet_flush(int fd)
+{
+	safe_write(fd, "0000", 4);
+}
+
+void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	strbuf_add(buf, "0000", 4);
+}
+
+#define hex(a) (hexchar[(a) & 15])
+static char buffer[1000];
+static unsigned format_packet(const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	static char hexchar[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+	unsigned n;
+
+	n = vsnprintf(buffer + 4, sizeof(buffer) - 4, fmt, args);
+	if (n >= sizeof(buffer)-4)
+		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
+	n += 4;
+	buffer[0] = hex(n >> 12);
+	buffer[1] = hex(n >> 8);
+	buffer[2] = hex(n >> 4);
+	buffer[3] = hex(n);
+	return n;
+}
+
+void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+}
+
+void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	strbuf_add(buf, buffer, n);
+}
+
+static void safe_read(int fd, void *buffer, unsigned size)
+{
+	ssize_t ret = read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		die_errno("read error");
+	else if (ret < size)
+		die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
+}
+
+static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
+{
+	int n;
+	int len = 0;
+
+	for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
+		unsigned char c = linelen[n];
+		len <<= 4;
+		if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+			len += c - '0';
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
+			len += c - 'a' + 10;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
+			len += c - 'A' + 10;
+			continue;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+{
+	int len;
+	char linelen[4];
+
+	safe_read(fd, linelen, 4);
+	len = packet_length(linelen);
+	if (len < 0)
+		die("protocol error: bad line length character: %.4s", linelen);
+	if (!len)
+		return 0;
+	len -= 4;
+	if (len >= size)
+		die("protocol error: bad line length %d", len);
+	safe_read(fd, buffer, len);
+	buffer[len] = 0;
+	return len;
+}
+
+int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out,
+	char **src_buf, size_t *src_len)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	if (*src_len < 4)
+		return -1;
+	len = packet_length(*src_buf);
+	if (len < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (!len) {
+		*src_buf += 4;
+		*src_len -= 4;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (*src_len < len)
+		return -2;
+
+	*src_buf += 4;
+	*src_len -= 4;
+	len -= 4;
+
+	strbuf_add(out, *src_buf, len);
+	*src_buf += len;
+	*src_len -= len;
+	return len;
+}
diff --git a/pkt-line.h b/pkt-line.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e5dcfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkt-line.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef PKTLINE_H
+#define PKTLINE_H
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+/*
+ * Silly packetized line writing interface
+ */
+void packet_flush(int fd);
+void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf);
+void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+
+int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
+int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len);
+ssize_t safe_write(int, const void *, ssize_t);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ppc/sha1.c b/ppc/sha1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec6a192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ppc/sha1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * SHA-1 implementation.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
+ *
+ * This version assumes we are running on a big-endian machine.
+ * It calls an external sha1_core() to process blocks of 64 bytes.
+ */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "sha1.h"
+
+extern void ppc_sha1_core(uint32_t *hash, const unsigned char *p,
+			  unsigned int nblocks);
+
+int ppc_SHA1_Init(ppc_SHA_CTX *c)
+{
+	c->hash[0] = 0x67452301;
+	c->hash[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
+	c->hash[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
+	c->hash[3] = 0x10325476;
+	c->hash[4] = 0xC3D2E1F0;
+	c->len = 0;
+	c->cnt = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ppc_SHA1_Update(ppc_SHA_CTX *c, const void *ptr, unsigned long n)
+{
+	unsigned long nb;
+	const unsigned char *p = ptr;
+
+	c->len += (uint64_t) n << 3;
+	while (n != 0) {
+		if (c->cnt || n < 64) {
+			nb = 64 - c->cnt;
+			if (nb > n)
+				nb = n;
+			memcpy(&c->buf.b[c->cnt], p, nb);
+			if ((c->cnt += nb) == 64) {
+				ppc_sha1_core(c->hash, c->buf.b, 1);
+				c->cnt = 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			nb = n >> 6;
+			ppc_sha1_core(c->hash, p, nb);
+			nb <<= 6;
+		}
+		n -= nb;
+		p += nb;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ppc_SHA1_Final(unsigned char *hash, ppc_SHA_CTX *c)
+{
+	unsigned int cnt = c->cnt;
+
+	c->buf.b[cnt++] = 0x80;
+	if (cnt > 56) {
+		if (cnt < 64)
+			memset(&c->buf.b[cnt], 0, 64 - cnt);
+		ppc_sha1_core(c->hash, c->buf.b, 1);
+		cnt = 0;
+	}
+	if (cnt < 56)
+		memset(&c->buf.b[cnt], 0, 56 - cnt);
+	c->buf.l[7] = c->len;
+	ppc_sha1_core(c->hash, c->buf.b, 1);
+	memcpy(hash, c->hash, 20);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ppc/sha1.h b/ppc/sha1.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c405f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ppc/sha1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * SHA-1 implementation.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+	uint32_t hash[5];
+	uint32_t cnt;
+	uint64_t len;
+	union {
+		unsigned char b[64];
+		uint64_t l[8];
+	} buf;
+} ppc_SHA_CTX;
+
+int ppc_SHA1_Init(ppc_SHA_CTX *c);
+int ppc_SHA1_Update(ppc_SHA_CTX *c, const void *p, unsigned long n);
+int ppc_SHA1_Final(unsigned char *hash, ppc_SHA_CTX *c);
+
+#define git_SHA_CTX	ppc_SHA_CTX
+#define git_SHA1_Init	ppc_SHA1_Init
+#define git_SHA1_Update	ppc_SHA1_Update
+#define git_SHA1_Final	ppc_SHA1_Final
diff --git a/ppc/sha1ppc.S b/ppc/sha1ppc.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1711eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ppc/sha1ppc.S
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*
+ * SHA-1 implementation for PowerPC.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
+ */
+
+/*
+ * PowerPC calling convention:
+ * %r0 - volatile temp
+ * %r1 - stack pointer.
+ * %r2 - reserved
+ * %r3-%r12 - Incoming arguments & return values; volatile.
+ * %r13-%r31 - Callee-save registers
+ * %lr - Return address, volatile
+ * %ctr - volatile
+ *
+ * Register usage in this routine:
+ * %r0 - temp
+ * %r3 - argument (pointer to 5 words of SHA state)
+ * %r4 - argument (pointer to data to hash)
+ * %r5 - Constant K in SHA round (initially number of blocks to hash)
+ * %r6-%r10 - Working copies of SHA variables A..E (actually E..A order)
+ * %r11-%r26 - Data being hashed W[].
+ * %r27-%r31 - Previous copies of A..E, for final add back.
+ * %ctr - loop count
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * We roll the registers for A, B, C, D, E around on each
+ * iteration; E on iteration t is D on iteration t+1, and so on.
+ * We use registers 6 - 10 for this.  (Registers 27 - 31 hold
+ * the previous values.)
+ */
+#define RA(t)	(((t)+4)%5+6)
+#define RB(t)	(((t)+3)%5+6)
+#define RC(t)	(((t)+2)%5+6)
+#define RD(t)	(((t)+1)%5+6)
+#define RE(t)	(((t)+0)%5+6)
+
+/* We use registers 11 - 26 for the W values */
+#define W(t)	((t)%16+11)
+
+/* Register 5 is used for the constant k */
+
+/*
+ * The basic SHA-1 round function is:
+ * E += ROTL(A,5) + F(B,C,D) + W[i] + K;  B = ROTL(B,30)
+ * Then the variables are renamed: (A,B,C,D,E) = (E,A,B,C,D).
+ *
+ * Every 20 rounds, the function F() and the constant K changes:
+ * - 20 rounds of f0(b,c,d) = "bit wise b ? c : d" =  (^b & d) + (b & c)
+ * - 20 rounds of f1(b,c,d) = b^c^d = (b^d)^c
+ * - 20 rounds of f2(b,c,d) = majority(b,c,d) = (b&d) + ((b^d)&c)
+ * - 20 more rounds of f1(b,c,d)
+ *
+ * These are all scheduled for near-optimal performance on a G4.
+ * The G4 is a 3-issue out-of-order machine with 3 ALUs, but it can only
+ * *consider* starting the oldest 3 instructions per cycle.  So to get
+ * maximum performance out of it, you have to treat it as an in-order
+ * machine.  Which means interleaving the computation round t with the
+ * computation of W[t+4].
+ *
+ * The first 16 rounds use W values loaded directly from memory, while the
+ * remaining 64 use values computed from those first 16.  We preload
+ * 4 values before starting, so there are three kinds of rounds:
+ * - The first 12 (all f0) also load the W values from memory.
+ * - The next 64 compute W(i+4) in parallel. 8*f0, 20*f1, 20*f2, 16*f1.
+ * - The last 4 (all f1) do not do anything with W.
+ *
+ * Therefore, we have 6 different round functions:
+ * STEPD0_LOAD(t,s) - Perform round t and load W(s).  s < 16
+ * STEPD0_UPDATE(t,s) - Perform round t and compute W(s).  s >= 16.
+ * STEPD1_UPDATE(t,s)
+ * STEPD2_UPDATE(t,s)
+ * STEPD1(t) - Perform round t with no load or update.
+ *
+ * The G5 is more fully out-of-order, and can find the parallelism
+ * by itself.  The big limit is that it has a 2-cycle ALU latency, so
+ * even though it's 2-way, the code has to be scheduled as if it's
+ * 4-way, which can be a limit.  To help it, we try to schedule the
+ * read of RA(t) as late as possible so it doesn't stall waiting for
+ * the previous round's RE(t-1), and we try to rotate RB(t) as early
+ * as possible while reading RC(t) (= RB(t-1)) as late as possible.
+ */
+
+/* the initial loads. */
+#define LOADW(s) \
+	lwz	W(s),(s)*4(%r4)
+
+/*
+ * Perform a step with F0, and load W(s).  Uses W(s) as a temporary
+ * before loading it.
+ * This is actually 10 instructions, which is an awkward fit.
+ * It can execute grouped as listed, or delayed one instruction.
+ * (If delayed two instructions, there is a stall before the start of the
+ * second line.)  Thus, two iterations take 7 cycles, 3.5 cycles per round.
+ */
+#define STEPD0_LOAD(t,s) \
+add RE(t),RE(t),W(t); andc   %r0,RD(t),RB(t);  and    W(s),RC(t),RB(t); \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  rotlwi %r0,RA(t),5;      rotlwi RB(t),RB(t),30;   \
+add RE(t),RE(t),W(s); add    %r0,%r0,%r5;      lwz    W(s),(s)*4(%r4);  \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0
+
+/*
+ * This is likewise awkward, 13 instructions.  However, it can also
+ * execute starting with 2 out of 3 possible moduli, so it does 2 rounds
+ * in 9 cycles, 4.5 cycles/round.
+ */
+#define STEPD0_UPDATE(t,s,loadk...) \
+add RE(t),RE(t),W(t); andc   %r0,RD(t),RB(t); xor    W(s),W((s)-16),W((s)-3); \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  and    %r0,RC(t),RB(t); xor    W(s),W(s),W((s)-8);      \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  rotlwi %r0,RA(t),5;     xor    W(s),W(s),W((s)-14);     \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r5;  loadk; rotlwi RB(t),RB(t),30;  rotlwi W(s),W(s),1;     \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0
+
+/* Nicely optimal.  Conveniently, also the most common. */
+#define STEPD1_UPDATE(t,s,loadk...) \
+add RE(t),RE(t),W(t); xor    %r0,RD(t),RB(t); xor    W(s),W((s)-16),W((s)-3); \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r5;  loadk; xor %r0,%r0,RC(t);  xor W(s),W(s),W((s)-8);      \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  rotlwi %r0,RA(t),5;     xor    W(s),W(s),W((s)-14);     \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  rotlwi RB(t),RB(t),30;  rotlwi W(s),W(s),1
+
+/*
+ * The naked version, no UPDATE, for the last 4 rounds.  3 cycles per.
+ * We could use W(s) as a temp register, but we don't need it.
+ */
+#define STEPD1(t) \
+                        add   RE(t),RE(t),W(t); xor    %r0,RD(t),RB(t); \
+rotlwi RB(t),RB(t),30;  add   RE(t),RE(t),%r5;  xor    %r0,%r0,RC(t);   \
+add    RE(t),RE(t),%r0; rotlwi %r0,RA(t),5;     /* spare slot */        \
+add    RE(t),RE(t),%r0
+
+/*
+ * 14 instructions, 5 cycles per.  The majority function is a bit
+ * awkward to compute.  This can execute with a 1-instruction delay,
+ * but it causes a 2-instruction delay, which triggers a stall.
+ */
+#define STEPD2_UPDATE(t,s,loadk...) \
+add RE(t),RE(t),W(t); and    %r0,RD(t),RB(t); xor    W(s),W((s)-16),W((s)-3); \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  xor    %r0,RD(t),RB(t); xor    W(s),W(s),W((s)-8);      \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r5;  loadk; and %r0,%r0,RC(t);  xor W(s),W(s),W((s)-14);     \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  rotlwi %r0,RA(t),5;     rotlwi W(s),W(s),1;             \
+add RE(t),RE(t),%r0;  rotlwi RB(t),RB(t),30
+
+#define STEP0_LOAD4(t,s)		\
+	STEPD0_LOAD(t,s);		\
+	STEPD0_LOAD((t+1),(s)+1);	\
+	STEPD0_LOAD((t)+2,(s)+2);	\
+	STEPD0_LOAD((t)+3,(s)+3)
+
+#define STEPUP4(fn, t, s, loadk...)		\
+	STEP##fn##_UPDATE(t,s,);		\
+	STEP##fn##_UPDATE((t)+1,(s)+1,);	\
+	STEP##fn##_UPDATE((t)+2,(s)+2,);	\
+	STEP##fn##_UPDATE((t)+3,(s)+3,loadk)
+
+#define STEPUP20(fn, t, s, loadk...)	\
+	STEPUP4(fn, t, s,);		\
+	STEPUP4(fn, (t)+4, (s)+4,);	\
+	STEPUP4(fn, (t)+8, (s)+8,);	\
+	STEPUP4(fn, (t)+12, (s)+12,);	\
+	STEPUP4(fn, (t)+16, (s)+16, loadk)
+
+	.globl	ppc_sha1_core
+ppc_sha1_core:
+	stwu	%r1,-80(%r1)
+	stmw	%r13,4(%r1)
+
+	/* Load up A - E */
+	lmw	%r27,0(%r3)
+
+	mtctr	%r5
+
+1:
+	LOADW(0)
+	lis	%r5,0x5a82
+	mr	RE(0),%r31
+	LOADW(1)
+	mr	RD(0),%r30
+	mr	RC(0),%r29
+	LOADW(2)
+	ori	%r5,%r5,0x7999	/* K0-19 */
+	mr	RB(0),%r28
+	LOADW(3)
+	mr	RA(0),%r27
+
+	STEP0_LOAD4(0, 4)
+	STEP0_LOAD4(4, 8)
+	STEP0_LOAD4(8, 12)
+	STEPUP4(D0, 12, 16,)
+	STEPUP4(D0, 16, 20, lis %r5,0x6ed9)
+
+	ori	%r5,%r5,0xeba1	/* K20-39 */
+	STEPUP20(D1, 20, 24, lis %r5,0x8f1b)
+
+	ori	%r5,%r5,0xbcdc	/* K40-59 */
+	STEPUP20(D2, 40, 44, lis %r5,0xca62)
+
+	ori	%r5,%r5,0xc1d6	/* K60-79 */
+	STEPUP4(D1, 60, 64,)
+	STEPUP4(D1, 64, 68,)
+	STEPUP4(D1, 68, 72,)
+	STEPUP4(D1, 72, 76,)
+	addi	%r4,%r4,64
+	STEPD1(76)
+	STEPD1(77)
+	STEPD1(78)
+	STEPD1(79)
+
+	/* Add results to original values */
+	add	%r31,%r31,RE(0)
+	add	%r30,%r30,RD(0)
+	add	%r29,%r29,RC(0)
+	add	%r28,%r28,RB(0)
+	add	%r27,%r27,RA(0)
+
+	bdnz	1b
+
+	/* Save final hash, restore registers, and return */
+	stmw	%r27,0(%r3)
+	lmw	%r13,4(%r1)
+	addi	%r1,%r1,80
+	blr
diff --git a/preload-index.c b/preload-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3d0bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/preload-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Linus Torvalds
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	; /* nothing */
+}
+#else
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+/*
+ * Mostly randomly chosen maximum thread counts: we
+ * cap the parallelism to 20 threads, and we want
+ * to have at least 500 lstat's per thread for it to
+ * be worth starting a thread.
+ */
+#define MAX_PARALLEL (20)
+#define THREAD_COST (500)
+
+struct thread_data {
+	pthread_t pthread;
+	struct index_state *index;
+	const char **pathspec;
+	int offset, nr;
+};
+
+static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
+{
+	int nr;
+	struct thread_data *p = _data;
+	struct index_state *index = p->index;
+	struct cache_entry **cep = index->cache + p->offset;
+	struct cache_def cache;
+
+	memset(&cache, 0, sizeof(cache));
+	nr = p->nr;
+	if (nr + p->offset > index->cache_nr)
+		nr = index->cache_nr - p->offset;
+
+	do {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = *cep++;
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (ce_stage(ce))
+			continue;
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+		if (ce_uptodate(ce))
+			continue;
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, p->pathspec))
+			continue;
+		if (threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(&cache, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
+			continue;
+		if (lstat(ce->name, &st))
+			continue;
+		if (ie_match_stat(index, ce, &st, CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY))
+			continue;
+		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
+	} while (--nr > 0);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int threads, i, work, offset;
+	struct thread_data data[MAX_PARALLEL];
+
+	if (!core_preload_index)
+		return;
+
+	threads = index->cache_nr / THREAD_COST;
+	if (threads < 2)
+		return;
+	if (threads > MAX_PARALLEL)
+		threads = MAX_PARALLEL;
+	offset = 0;
+	work = DIV_ROUND_UP(index->cache_nr, threads);
+	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
+		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
+		p->index = index;
+		p->pathspec = pathspec;
+		p->offset = offset;
+		p->nr = work;
+		offset += work;
+		if (pthread_create(&p->pthread, NULL, preload_thread, p))
+			die("unable to create threaded lstat");
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
+		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
+		if (pthread_join(p->pthread, NULL))
+			die("unable to join threaded lstat");
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int retval = read_index(index);
+
+	preload_index(index, pathspec);
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d493cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "reflog-walk.h"
+
+static char *user_format;
+
+static void save_user_format(struct rev_info *rev, const char *cp, int is_tformat)
+{
+	free(user_format);
+	user_format = xstrdup(cp);
+	if (is_tformat)
+		rev->use_terminator = 1;
+	rev->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
+}
+
+void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i;
+	static struct cmt_fmt_map {
+		const char *n;
+		size_t cmp_len;
+		enum cmit_fmt v;
+	} cmt_fmts[] = {
+		{ "raw",	1,	CMIT_FMT_RAW },
+		{ "medium",	1,	CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM },
+		{ "short",	1,	CMIT_FMT_SHORT },
+		{ "email",	1,	CMIT_FMT_EMAIL },
+		{ "full",	5,	CMIT_FMT_FULL },
+		{ "fuller",	5,	CMIT_FMT_FULLER },
+		{ "oneline",	1,	CMIT_FMT_ONELINE },
+	};
+
+	rev->use_terminator = 0;
+	if (!arg || !*arg) {
+		rev->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "format:") || !prefixcmp(arg, "tformat:")) {
+		save_user_format(rev, strchr(arg, ':') + 1, arg[0] == 't');
+		return;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cmt_fmts); i++) {
+		if (!strncmp(arg, cmt_fmts[i].n, cmt_fmts[i].cmp_len) &&
+		    !strncmp(arg, cmt_fmts[i].n, strlen(arg))) {
+			if (cmt_fmts[i].v == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+				rev->use_terminator = 1;
+			rev->commit_format = cmt_fmts[i].v;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	if (strchr(arg, '%')) {
+		save_user_format(rev, arg, 1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	die("invalid --pretty format: %s", arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generic support for pretty-printing the header
+ */
+static int get_one_line(const char *msg)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		char c = *msg++;
+		if (!c)
+			break;
+		ret++;
+		if (c == '\n')
+			break;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* High bit set, or ISO-2022-INT */
+static int non_ascii(int ch)
+{
+	return !isascii(ch) || ch == '\033';
+}
+
+int has_non_ascii(const char *s)
+{
+	int ch;
+	if (!s)
+		return 0;
+	while ((ch = *s++) != '\0') {
+		if (non_ascii(ch))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch)
+{
+	return (non_ascii(ch) || (ch == '=') || (ch == '?') || (ch == '_'));
+}
+
+static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
+		       const char *encoding)
+{
+	int i, last;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = line[i];
+		if (non_ascii(ch))
+			goto needquote;
+		if ((i + 1 < len) && (ch == '=' && line[i+1] == '?'))
+			goto needquote;
+	}
+	strbuf_add(sb, line, len);
+	return;
+
+needquote:
+	strbuf_grow(sb, len * 3 + strlen(encoding) + 100);
+	strbuf_addf(sb, "=?%s?q?", encoding);
+	for (i = last = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		unsigned ch = line[i] & 0xFF;
+		/*
+		 * We encode ' ' using '=20' even though rfc2047
+		 * allows using '_' for readability.  Unfortunately,
+		 * many programs do not understand this and just
+		 * leave the underscore in place.
+		 */
+		if (is_rfc2047_special(ch) || ch == ' ') {
+			strbuf_add(sb, line + last, i - last);
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "=%02X", ch);
+			last = i + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_add(sb, line + last, len - last);
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, "?=");
+}
+
+void pp_user_info(const char *what, enum cmit_fmt fmt, struct strbuf *sb,
+		  const char *line, enum date_mode dmode,
+		  const char *encoding)
+{
+	char *date;
+	int namelen;
+	unsigned long time;
+	int tz;
+
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+		return;
+	date = strchr(line, '>');
+	if (!date)
+		return;
+	namelen = ++date - line;
+	time = strtoul(date, &date, 10);
+	tz = strtol(date, NULL, 10);
+
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+		char *name_tail = strchr(line, '<');
+		int display_name_length;
+		if (!name_tail)
+			return;
+		while (line < name_tail && isspace(name_tail[-1]))
+			name_tail--;
+		display_name_length = name_tail - line;
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, "From: ");
+		add_rfc2047(sb, line, display_name_length, encoding);
+		strbuf_add(sb, name_tail, namelen - display_name_length);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s\n", what,
+			      (fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0,
+			      "    ", namelen, line);
+	}
+	switch (fmt) {
+	case CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM:
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n", show_date(time, tz, dmode));
+		break;
+	case CMIT_FMT_EMAIL:
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n", show_date(time, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		break;
+	case CMIT_FMT_FULLER:
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what, show_date(time, tz, dmode));
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* notin' */
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int is_empty_line(const char *line, int *len_p)
+{
+	int len = *len_p;
+	while (len && isspace(line[len-1]))
+		len--;
+	*len_p = len;
+	return !len;
+}
+
+static const char *skip_empty_lines(const char *msg)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		int linelen = get_one_line(msg);
+		int ll = linelen;
+		if (!linelen)
+			break;
+		if (!is_empty_line(msg, &ll))
+			break;
+		msg += linelen;
+	}
+	return msg;
+}
+
+static void add_merge_info(enum cmit_fmt fmt, struct strbuf *sb,
+			const struct commit *commit, int abbrev)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+
+	if ((fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) || (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) ||
+	    !parent || !parent->next)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, "Merge:");
+
+	while (parent) {
+		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+		const char *hex = NULL;
+		if (abbrev)
+			hex = find_unique_abbrev(p->object.sha1, abbrev);
+		if (!hex)
+			hex = sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1);
+		parent = parent->next;
+
+		strbuf_addf(sb, " %s", hex);
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+}
+
+static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *key)
+{
+	int key_len = strlen(key);
+	const char *line = commit->buffer;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *eol = strchr(line, '\n'), *next;
+
+		if (line == eol)
+			return NULL;
+		if (!eol) {
+			eol = line + strlen(line);
+			next = NULL;
+		} else
+			next = eol + 1;
+		if (eol - line > key_len &&
+		    !strncmp(line, key, key_len) &&
+		    line[key_len] == ' ') {
+			return xmemdupz(line + key_len + 1, eol - line - key_len - 1);
+		}
+		line = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
+{
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t start, len;
+	char *cp = buf;
+
+	/* guess if there is an encoding header before a \n\n */
+	while (strncmp(cp, "encoding ", strlen("encoding "))) {
+		cp = strchr(cp, '\n');
+		if (!cp || *++cp == '\n')
+			return buf;
+	}
+	start = cp - buf;
+	cp = strchr(cp, '\n');
+	if (!cp)
+		return buf; /* should not happen but be defensive */
+	len = cp + 1 - (buf + start);
+
+	strbuf_attach(&tmp, buf, strlen(buf), strlen(buf) + 1);
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(encoding)) {
+		/* we have re-coded to UTF-8; drop the header */
+		strbuf_remove(&tmp, start, len);
+	} else {
+		/* just replaces XXXX in 'encoding XXXX\n' */
+		strbuf_splice(&tmp, start + strlen("encoding "),
+					  len - strlen("encoding \n"),
+					  encoding, strlen(encoding));
+	}
+	return strbuf_detach(&tmp, NULL);
+}
+
+static char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			     const char *output_encoding)
+{
+	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
+	const char *use_encoding;
+	char *encoding;
+	char *out;
+
+	if (!*output_encoding)
+		return NULL;
+	encoding = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+	use_encoding = encoding ? encoding : utf8;
+	if (!strcmp(use_encoding, output_encoding))
+		if (encoding) /* we'll strip encoding header later */
+			out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
+		else
+			return NULL; /* nothing to do */
+	else
+		out = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
+				      output_encoding, use_encoding);
+	if (out)
+		out = replace_encoding_header(out, output_encoding);
+
+	free(encoding);
+	return out;
+}
+
+static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
+{
+	static struct string_list *mail_map;
+	if (!mail_map) {
+		mail_map = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*mail_map));
+		read_mailmap(mail_map, NULL);
+	}
+	return mail_map->nr && map_user(mail_map, email, email_len, name, name_len);
+}
+
+static size_t format_person_part(struct strbuf *sb, char part,
+				 const char *msg, int len, enum date_mode dmode)
+{
+	/* currently all placeholders have same length */
+	const int placeholder_len = 2;
+	int start, end, tz = 0;
+	unsigned long date = 0;
+	char *ep;
+	const char *name_start, *name_end, *mail_start, *mail_end, *msg_end = msg+len;
+	char person_name[1024];
+	char person_mail[1024];
+
+	/* advance 'end' to point to email start delimiter */
+	for (end = 0; end < len && msg[end] != '<'; end++)
+		; /* do nothing */
+
+	/*
+	 * When end points at the '<' that we found, it should have
+	 * matching '>' later, which means 'end' must be strictly
+	 * below len - 1.
+	 */
+	if (end >= len - 2)
+		goto skip;
+
+	/* Seek for both name and email part */
+	name_start = msg;
+	name_end = msg+end;
+	while (name_end > name_start && isspace(*(name_end-1)))
+		name_end--;
+	mail_start = msg+end+1;
+	mail_end = mail_start;
+	while (mail_end < msg_end && *mail_end != '>')
+		mail_end++;
+	if (mail_end == msg_end)
+		goto skip;
+	end = mail_end-msg;
+
+	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') { /* mailmap lookup */
+		strlcpy(person_name, name_start, name_end-name_start+1);
+		strlcpy(person_mail, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start+1);
+		mailmap_name(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), person_name, sizeof(person_name));
+		name_start = person_name;
+		name_end = name_start + strlen(person_name);
+		mail_start = person_mail;
+		mail_end = mail_start +  strlen(person_mail);
+	}
+	if (part == 'n' || part == 'N') {	/* name */
+		strbuf_add(sb, name_start, name_end-name_start);
+		return placeholder_len;
+	}
+	if (part == 'e' || part == 'E') {	/* email */
+		strbuf_add(sb, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start);
+		return placeholder_len;
+	}
+
+	/* advance 'start' to point to date start delimiter */
+	for (start = end + 1; start < len && isspace(msg[start]); start++)
+		; /* do nothing */
+	if (start >= len)
+		goto skip;
+	date = strtoul(msg + start, &ep, 10);
+	if (msg + start == ep)
+		goto skip;
+
+	if (part == 't') {	/* date, UNIX timestamp */
+		strbuf_add(sb, msg + start, ep - (msg + start));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	}
+
+	/* parse tz */
+	for (start = ep - msg + 1; start < len && isspace(msg[start]); start++)
+		; /* do nothing */
+	if (start + 1 < len) {
+		tz = strtoul(msg + start + 1, NULL, 10);
+		if (msg[start] == '-')
+			tz = -tz;
+	}
+
+	switch (part) {
+	case 'd':	/* date */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, dmode));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	case 'D':	/* date, RFC2822 style */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	case 'r':	/* date, relative */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601 */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	}
+
+skip:
+	/*
+	 * bogus commit, 'sb' cannot be updated, but we still need to
+	 * compute a valid return value.
+	 */
+	if (part == 'n' || part == 'e' || part == 't' || part == 'd'
+	    || part == 'D' || part == 'r' || part == 'i')
+		return placeholder_len;
+
+	return 0; /* unknown placeholder */
+}
+
+struct chunk {
+	size_t off;
+	size_t len;
+};
+
+struct format_commit_context {
+	const struct commit *commit;
+	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
+	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
+	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
+	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
+
+	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
+	struct chunk author;
+	struct chunk committer;
+	struct chunk encoding;
+	size_t message_off;
+	size_t subject_off;
+	size_t body_off;
+
+	/* The following ones are relative to the result struct strbuf. */
+	struct chunk abbrev_commit_hash;
+	struct chunk abbrev_tree_hash;
+	struct chunk abbrev_parent_hashes;
+	size_t wrap_start;
+};
+
+static int add_again(struct strbuf *sb, struct chunk *chunk)
+{
+	if (chunk->len) {
+		strbuf_adddup(sb, chunk->off, chunk->len);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We haven't seen this chunk before.  Our caller is surely
+	 * going to add it the hard way now.  Remember the most likely
+	 * start of the to-be-added chunk: the current end of the
+	 * struct strbuf.
+	 */
+	chunk->off = sb->len;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void parse_commit_header(struct format_commit_context *context)
+{
+	const char *msg = context->commit->buffer;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; msg[i]; i++) {
+		int eol;
+		for (eol = i; msg[eol] && msg[eol] != '\n'; eol++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+
+		if (i == eol) {
+			break;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "author ")) {
+			context->author.off = i + 7;
+			context->author.len = eol - i - 7;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "committer ")) {
+			context->committer.off = i + 10;
+			context->committer.len = eol - i - 10;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "encoding ")) {
+			context->encoding.off = i + 9;
+			context->encoding.len = eol - i - 9;
+		}
+		i = eol;
+	}
+	context->message_off = i;
+	context->commit_header_parsed = 1;
+}
+
+static int istitlechar(char c)
+{
+	return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
+		(c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '.' || c == '_';
+}
+
+static void format_sanitized_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg)
+{
+	size_t trimlen;
+	size_t start_len = sb->len;
+	int space = 2;
+
+	for (; *msg && *msg != '\n'; msg++) {
+		if (istitlechar(*msg)) {
+			if (space == 1)
+				strbuf_addch(sb, '-');
+			space = 0;
+			strbuf_addch(sb, *msg);
+			if (*msg == '.')
+				while (*(msg+1) == '.')
+					msg++;
+		} else
+			space |= 1;
+	}
+
+	/* trim any trailing '.' or '-' characters */
+	trimlen = 0;
+	while (sb->len - trimlen > start_len &&
+		(sb->buf[sb->len - 1 - trimlen] == '.'
+		|| sb->buf[sb->len - 1 - trimlen] == '-'))
+		trimlen++;
+	strbuf_remove(sb, sb->len - trimlen, trimlen);
+}
+
+const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
+			   const char *line_separator)
+{
+	int first = 1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *line = msg;
+		int linelen = get_one_line(line);
+
+		msg += linelen;
+		if (!linelen || is_empty_line(line, &linelen))
+			break;
+
+		if (!sb)
+			continue;
+		strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 2);
+		if (!first)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, line_separator);
+		strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
+		first = 0;
+	}
+	return msg;
+}
+
+static void parse_commit_message(struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *msg = c->commit->buffer + c->message_off;
+	const char *start = c->commit->buffer;
+
+	msg = skip_empty_lines(msg);
+	c->subject_off = msg - start;
+
+	msg = format_subject(NULL, msg, NULL);
+	msg = skip_empty_lines(msg);
+	c->body_off = msg - start;
+
+	c->commit_message_parsed = 1;
+}
+
+static void format_decoration(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct name_decoration *d;
+	const char *prefix = " (";
+
+	load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+	d = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
+	while (d) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+		prefix = ", ";
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, d->name);
+		d = d->next;
+	}
+	if (prefix[0] == ',')
+		strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
+}
+
+static void strbuf_wrap(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos,
+			size_t width, size_t indent1, size_t indent2)
+{
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (pos)
+		strbuf_add(&tmp, sb->buf, pos);
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(&tmp, sb->buf + pos,
+				(int) indent1, (int) indent2, (int) width);
+	strbuf_swap(&tmp, sb);
+	strbuf_release(&tmp);
+}
+
+static void rewrap_message_tail(struct strbuf *sb,
+				struct format_commit_context *c,
+				size_t new_width, size_t new_indent1,
+				size_t new_indent2)
+{
+	if (c->width == new_width && c->indent1 == new_indent1 &&
+	    c->indent2 == new_indent2)
+		return;
+	if (c->wrap_start < sb->len)
+		strbuf_wrap(sb, c->wrap_start, c->width, c->indent1, c->indent2);
+	c->wrap_start = sb->len;
+	c->width = new_width;
+	c->indent1 = new_indent1;
+	c->indent2 = new_indent2;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+				void *context)
+{
+	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
+	const struct commit *commit = c->commit;
+	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int h1, h2;
+
+	/* these are independent of the commit */
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case 'C':
+		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+			const char *end = strchr(placeholder + 2, ')');
+			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+			if (!end)
+				return 0;
+			color_parse_mem(placeholder + 2,
+					end - (placeholder + 2),
+					"--pretty format", color);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
+			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
+			return 4;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
+			return 6;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
+			return 5;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+			return 6;
+		} else
+			return 0;
+	case 'n':		/* newline */
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		return 1;
+	case 'x':
+		/* %x00 == NUL, %x0a == LF, etc. */
+		if (0 <= (h1 = hexval_table[0xff & placeholder[1]]) &&
+		    h1 <= 16 &&
+		    0 <= (h2 = hexval_table[0xff & placeholder[2]]) &&
+		    h2 <= 16) {
+			strbuf_addch(sb, (h1<<4)|h2);
+			return 3;
+		} else
+			return 0;
+	case 'w':
+		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+			unsigned long width = 0, indent1 = 0, indent2 = 0;
+			char *next;
+			const char *start = placeholder + 2;
+			const char *end = strchr(start, ')');
+			if (!end)
+				return 0;
+			if (end > start) {
+				width = strtoul(start, &next, 10);
+				if (*next == ',') {
+					indent1 = strtoul(next + 1, &next, 10);
+					if (*next == ',') {
+						indent2 = strtoul(next + 1,
+								 &next, 10);
+					}
+				}
+				if (*next != ')')
+					return 0;
+			}
+			rewrap_message_tail(sb, c, width, indent1, indent2);
+			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		} else
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* these depend on the commit */
+	if (!commit->object.parsed)
+		parse_object(commit->object.sha1);
+
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case 'H':		/* commit hash */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		return 1;
+	case 'h':		/* abbreviated commit hash */
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash))
+			return 1;
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
+		                                     DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		c->abbrev_commit_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_commit_hash.off;
+		return 1;
+	case 'T':		/* tree hash */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->tree->object.sha1));
+		return 1;
+	case 't':		/* abbreviated tree hash */
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_tree_hash))
+			return 1;
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->tree->object.sha1,
+		                                     DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		c->abbrev_tree_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_tree_hash.off;
+		return 1;
+	case 'P':		/* parent hashes */
+		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+			if (p != commit->parents)
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(p->item->object.sha1));
+		}
+		return 1;
+	case 'p':		/* abbreviated parent hashes */
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_parent_hashes))
+			return 1;
+		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+			if (p != commit->parents)
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(
+					p->item->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		}
+		c->abbrev_parent_hashes.len = sb->len -
+		                              c->abbrev_parent_hashes.off;
+		return 1;
+	case 'm':		/* left/right/bottom */
+		strbuf_addch(sb, (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
+		                 ? '-'
+		                 : (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+		                 ? '<'
+		                 : '>');
+		return 1;
+	case 'd':
+		format_decoration(sb, commit);
+		return 1;
+	case 'g':		/* reflog info */
+		switch(placeholder[1]) {
+		case 'd':	/* reflog selector */
+		case 'D':
+			if (c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info)
+				get_reflog_selector(sb,
+						    c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info,
+						    c->pretty_ctx->date_mode,
+						    (placeholder[1] == 'd'));
+			return 2;
+		case 's':	/* reflog message */
+			if (c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info)
+				get_reflog_message(sb, c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info);
+			return 2;
+		}
+		return 0;	/* unknown %g placeholder */
+	case 'N':
+		get_commit_notes(commit, sb, git_log_output_encoding ?
+			     git_log_output_encoding : git_commit_encoding, 0);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* For the rest we have to parse the commit header. */
+	if (!c->commit_header_parsed)
+		parse_commit_header(c);
+
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case 'a':	/* author ... */
+		return format_person_part(sb, placeholder[1],
+				   msg + c->author.off, c->author.len,
+				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
+	case 'c':	/* committer ... */
+		return format_person_part(sb, placeholder[1],
+				   msg + c->committer.off, c->committer.len,
+				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
+	case 'e':	/* encoding */
+		strbuf_add(sb, msg + c->encoding.off, c->encoding.len);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Now we need to parse the commit message. */
+	if (!c->commit_message_parsed)
+		parse_commit_message(c);
+
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case 's':	/* subject */
+		format_subject(sb, msg + c->subject_off, " ");
+		return 1;
+	case 'f':	/* sanitized subject */
+		format_sanitized_subject(sb, msg + c->subject_off);
+		return 1;
+	case 'b':	/* body */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, msg + c->body_off);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;	/* unknown placeholder */
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+				 void *context)
+{
+	int consumed;
+	size_t orig_len;
+	enum {
+		NO_MAGIC,
+		ADD_LF_BEFORE_NON_EMPTY,
+		DEL_LF_BEFORE_EMPTY,
+	} magic = NO_MAGIC;
+
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case '-':
+		magic = DEL_LF_BEFORE_EMPTY;
+		break;
+	case '+':
+		magic = ADD_LF_BEFORE_NON_EMPTY;
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	if (magic != NO_MAGIC)
+		placeholder++;
+
+	orig_len = sb->len;
+	consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
+	if (magic == NO_MAGIC)
+		return consumed;
+
+	if ((orig_len == sb->len) && magic == DEL_LF_BEFORE_EMPTY) {
+		while (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] == '\n')
+			strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len - 1);
+	} else if ((orig_len != sb->len) && magic == ADD_LF_BEFORE_NON_EMPTY) {
+		strbuf_insert(sb, orig_len, "\n", 1);
+	}
+	return consumed + 1;
+}
+
+void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
+			   const char *format, struct strbuf *sb,
+			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
+{
+	struct format_commit_context context;
+
+	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
+	context.commit = commit;
+	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
+	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
+	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
+	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void pp_header(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
+		      int abbrev,
+		      enum date_mode dmode,
+		      const char *encoding,
+		      const struct commit *commit,
+		      const char **msg_p,
+		      struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int parents_shown = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *line = *msg_p;
+		int linelen = get_one_line(*msg_p);
+
+		if (!linelen)
+			return;
+		*msg_p += linelen;
+
+		if (linelen == 1)
+			/* End of header */
+			return;
+
+		if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
+			strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!memcmp(line, "parent ", 7)) {
+			if (linelen != 48)
+				die("bad parent line in commit");
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!parents_shown) {
+			struct commit_list *parent;
+			int num;
+			for (parent = commit->parents, num = 0;
+			     parent;
+			     parent = parent->next, num++)
+				;
+			/* with enough slop */
+			strbuf_grow(sb, num * 50 + 20);
+			add_merge_info(fmt, sb, commit, abbrev);
+			parents_shown = 1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * MEDIUM == DEFAULT shows only author with dates.
+		 * FULL shows both authors but not dates.
+		 * FULLER shows both authors and dates.
+		 */
+		if (!memcmp(line, "author ", 7)) {
+			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
+			pp_user_info("Author", fmt, sb, line + 7, dmode, encoding);
+		}
+		if (!memcmp(line, "committer ", 10) &&
+		    (fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULL || fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER)) {
+			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
+			pp_user_info("Commit", fmt, sb, line + 10, dmode, encoding);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void pp_title_line(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
+		   const char **msg_p,
+		   struct strbuf *sb,
+		   const char *subject,
+		   const char *after_subject,
+		   const char *encoding,
+		   int need_8bit_cte)
+{
+	const char *line_separator = (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) ? "\n " : " ";
+	struct strbuf title;
+
+	strbuf_init(&title, 80);
+	*msg_p = format_subject(&title, *msg_p, line_separator);
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, title.len + 1024);
+	if (subject) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, subject);
+		add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len, encoding);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &title);
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+
+	if (need_8bit_cte > 0) {
+		const char *header_fmt =
+			"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+			"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%s\n"
+			"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
+		strbuf_addf(sb, header_fmt, encoding);
+	}
+	if (after_subject) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, after_subject);
+	}
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&title);
+}
+
+void pp_remainder(enum cmit_fmt fmt,
+		  const char **msg_p,
+		  struct strbuf *sb,
+		  int indent)
+{
+	int first = 1;
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *line = *msg_p;
+		int linelen = get_one_line(line);
+		*msg_p += linelen;
+
+		if (!linelen)
+			break;
+
+		if (is_empty_line(line, &linelen)) {
+			if (first)
+				continue;
+			if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_SHORT)
+				break;
+		}
+		first = 0;
+
+		strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + indent + 20);
+		if (indent) {
+			memset(sb->buf + sb->len, ' ', indent);
+			strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + indent);
+		}
+		strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+}
+
+char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit, const char **encoding_p)
+{
+	const char *encoding;
+
+	encoding = (git_log_output_encoding
+		    ? git_log_output_encoding
+		    : git_commit_encoding);
+	if (!encoding)
+		encoding = "UTF-8";
+	if (encoding_p)
+		*encoding_p = encoding;
+	return logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
+}
+
+void pretty_print_commit(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
+			 struct strbuf *sb,
+			 const struct pretty_print_context *context)
+{
+	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
+	int indent = 4;
+	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
+	char *reencoded;
+	const char *encoding;
+	int need_8bit_cte = context->need_8bit_cte;
+
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) {
+		format_commit_message(commit, user_format, sb, context);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, &encoding);
+	if (reencoded) {
+		msg = reencoded;
+	}
+
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
+		indent = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We need to check and emit Content-type: to mark it
+	 * as 8-bit if we haven't done so.
+	 */
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && need_8bit_cte == 0) {
+		int i, ch, in_body;
+
+		for (in_body = i = 0; (ch = msg[i]); i++) {
+			if (!in_body) {
+				/* author could be non 7-bit ASCII but
+				 * the log may be so; skip over the
+				 * header part first.
+				 */
+				if (ch == '\n' && msg[i+1] == '\n')
+					in_body = 1;
+			}
+			else if (non_ascii(ch)) {
+				need_8bit_cte = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	pp_header(fmt, context->abbrev, context->date_mode, encoding,
+		  commit, &msg, sb);
+	if (fmt != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE && !context->subject) {
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+
+	/* Skip excess blank lines at the beginning of body, if any... */
+	msg = skip_empty_lines(msg);
+
+	/* These formats treat the title line specially. */
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
+		pp_title_line(fmt, &msg, sb, context->subject,
+			      context->after_subject, encoding, need_8bit_cte);
+
+	beginning_of_body = sb->len;
+	if (fmt != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+		pp_remainder(fmt, &msg, sb, indent);
+	strbuf_rtrim(sb);
+
+	/* Make sure there is an EOLN for the non-oneline case */
+	if (fmt != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+
+	/*
+	 * The caller may append additional body text in e-mail
+	 * format.  Make sure we did not strip the blank line
+	 * between the header and the body.
+	 */
+	if (fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+
+	if (context->show_notes)
+		get_commit_notes(commit, sb, encoding,
+				 NOTES_SHOW_HEADER | NOTES_INDENT);
+
+	free(reencoded);
+}
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3971f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/*
+ * Simple text-based progress display module for GIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 by Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+
+#define TP_IDX_MAX      8
+
+struct throughput {
+	off_t curr_total;
+	off_t prev_total;
+	struct timeval prev_tv;
+	unsigned int avg_bytes;
+	unsigned int avg_misecs;
+	unsigned int last_bytes[TP_IDX_MAX];
+	unsigned int last_misecs[TP_IDX_MAX];
+	unsigned int idx;
+	char display[32];
+};
+
+struct progress {
+	const char *title;
+	int last_value;
+	unsigned total;
+	unsigned last_percent;
+	unsigned delay;
+	unsigned delayed_percent_treshold;
+	struct throughput *throughput;
+};
+
+static volatile sig_atomic_t progress_update;
+
+static void progress_interval(int signum)
+{
+	progress_update = 1;
+}
+
+static void set_progress_signal(void)
+{
+	struct sigaction sa;
+	struct itimerval v;
+
+	progress_update = 0;
+
+	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+	sa.sa_handler = progress_interval;
+	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+	sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);
+
+	v.it_interval.tv_sec = 1;
+	v.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
+	v.it_value = v.it_interval;
+	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &v, NULL);
+}
+
+static void clear_progress_signal(void)
+{
+	struct itimerval v = {{0,},};
+	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &v, NULL);
+	signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
+	progress_update = 0;
+}
+
+static int display(struct progress *progress, unsigned n, const char *done)
+{
+	const char *eol, *tp;
+
+	if (progress->delay) {
+		if (!progress_update || --progress->delay)
+			return 0;
+		if (progress->total) {
+			unsigned percent = n * 100 / progress->total;
+			if (percent > progress->delayed_percent_treshold) {
+				/* inhibit this progress report entirely */
+				clear_progress_signal();
+				progress->delay = -1;
+				progress->total = 0;
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	progress->last_value = n;
+	tp = (progress->throughput) ? progress->throughput->display : "";
+	eol = done ? done : "   \r";
+	if (progress->total) {
+		unsigned percent = n * 100 / progress->total;
+		if (percent != progress->last_percent || progress_update) {
+			progress->last_percent = percent;
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: %3u%% (%u/%u)%s%s",
+				progress->title, percent, n,
+				progress->total, tp, eol);
+			fflush(stderr);
+			progress_update = 0;
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} else if (progress_update) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %u%s%s", progress->title, n, tp, eol);
+		fflush(stderr);
+		progress_update = 0;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void throughput_string(struct throughput *tp, off_t total,
+			      unsigned int rate)
+{
+	int l = sizeof(tp->display);
+	if (total > 1 << 30) {
+		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u GiB",
+			      (int)(total >> 30),
+			      (int)(total & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
+	} else if (total > 1 << 20) {
+		int x = total + 5243;  /* for rounding */
+		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u MiB",
+			      x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
+	} else if (total > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = total + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u KiB",
+			      x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else {
+		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u bytes", (int)total);
+	}
+
+	if (rate > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = rate + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
+			 " | %u.%2.2u MiB/s",
+			 x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else if (rate)
+		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
+			 " | %u KiB/s", rate);
+}
+
+void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
+{
+	struct throughput *tp;
+	struct timeval tv;
+	unsigned int misecs;
+
+	if (!progress)
+		return;
+	tp = progress->throughput;
+
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+
+	if (!tp) {
+		progress->throughput = tp = calloc(1, sizeof(*tp));
+		if (tp) {
+			tp->prev_total = tp->curr_total = total;
+			tp->prev_tv = tv;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	tp->curr_total = total;
+
+	/*
+	 * We have x = bytes and y = microsecs.  We want z = KiB/s:
+	 *
+	 *	z = (x / 1024) / (y / 1000000)
+	 *	z = x / y * 1000000 / 1024
+	 *	z = x / (y * 1024 / 1000000)
+	 *	z = x / y'
+	 *
+	 * To simplify things we'll keep track of misecs, or 1024th of a sec
+	 * obtained with:
+	 *
+	 *	y' = y * 1024 / 1000000
+	 *	y' = y / (1000000 / 1024)
+	 *	y' = y / 977
+	 */
+	misecs = (tv.tv_sec - tp->prev_tv.tv_sec) * 1024;
+	misecs += (int)(tv.tv_usec - tp->prev_tv.tv_usec) / 977;
+
+	if (misecs > 512) {
+		unsigned int count, rate;
+
+		count = total - tp->prev_total;
+		tp->prev_total = total;
+		tp->prev_tv = tv;
+		tp->avg_bytes += count;
+		tp->avg_misecs += misecs;
+		rate = tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
+		tp->avg_bytes -= tp->last_bytes[tp->idx];
+		tp->avg_misecs -= tp->last_misecs[tp->idx];
+		tp->last_bytes[tp->idx] = count;
+		tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
+		tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
+
+		throughput_string(tp, total, rate);
+		if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
+			display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+int display_progress(struct progress *progress, unsigned n)
+{
+	return progress ? display(progress, n, NULL) : 0;
+}
+
+struct progress *start_progress_delay(const char *title, unsigned total,
+				       unsigned percent_treshold, unsigned delay)
+{
+	struct progress *progress = malloc(sizeof(*progress));
+	if (!progress) {
+		/* unlikely, but here's a good fallback */
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s...\n", title);
+		fflush(stderr);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	progress->title = title;
+	progress->total = total;
+	progress->last_value = -1;
+	progress->last_percent = -1;
+	progress->delayed_percent_treshold = percent_treshold;
+	progress->delay = delay;
+	progress->throughput = NULL;
+	set_progress_signal();
+	return progress;
+}
+
+struct progress *start_progress(const char *title, unsigned total)
+{
+	return start_progress_delay(title, total, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void stop_progress(struct progress **p_progress)
+{
+	stop_progress_msg(p_progress, "done");
+}
+
+void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
+{
+	struct progress *progress = *p_progress;
+	if (!progress)
+		return;
+	*p_progress = NULL;
+	if (progress->last_value != -1) {
+		/* Force the last update */
+		char buf[128], *bufp;
+		size_t len = strlen(msg) + 5;
+		struct throughput *tp = progress->throughput;
+
+		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmalloc(len + 1);
+		if (tp) {
+			unsigned int rate = !tp->avg_misecs ? 0 :
+					tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
+			throughput_string(tp, tp->curr_total, rate);
+		}
+		progress_update = 1;
+		sprintf(bufp, ", %s.\n", msg);
+		display(progress, progress->last_value, bufp);
+		if (buf != bufp)
+			free(bufp);
+	}
+	clear_progress_signal();
+	free(progress->throughput);
+	free(progress);
+}
diff --git a/progress.h b/progress.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..611e4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/progress.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef PROGRESS_H
+#define PROGRESS_H
+
+struct progress;
+
+void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total);
+int display_progress(struct progress *progress, unsigned n);
+struct progress *start_progress(const char *title, unsigned total);
+struct progress *start_progress_delay(const char *title, unsigned total,
+				       unsigned percent_treshold, unsigned delay);
+void stop_progress(struct progress **progress);
+void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **progress, const char *msg);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/quote.c b/quote.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc93435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quote.c
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+int quote_path_fully = 1;
+
+/* Help to copy the thing properly quoted for the shell safety.
+ * any single quote is replaced with '\'', any exclamation point
+ * is replaced with '\!', and the whole thing is enclosed in a
+ *
+ * E.g.
+ *  original     sq_quote     result
+ *  name     ==> name      ==> 'name'
+ *  a b      ==> a b       ==> 'a b'
+ *  a'b      ==> a'\''b    ==> 'a'\''b'
+ *  a!b      ==> a'\!'b    ==> 'a'\!'b'
+ */
+static inline int need_bs_quote(char c)
+{
+	return (c == '\'' || c == '!');
+}
+
+void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+
+	if (dst->buf == src)
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(dst, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_addch(dst, '\'');
+	while (*src) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(src, "'!");
+		strbuf_add(dst, src, len);
+		src += len;
+		while (need_bs_quote(*src)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(dst, "'\\");
+			strbuf_addch(dst, *src++);
+			strbuf_addch(dst, '\'');
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(dst, '\'');
+	free(to_free);
+}
+
+void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+{
+	char c;
+
+	fputc('\'', stream);
+	while ((c = *src++)) {
+		if (need_bs_quote(c)) {
+			fputs("'\\", stream);
+			fputc(c, stream);
+			fputc('\'', stream);
+		} else {
+			fputc(c, stream);
+		}
+	}
+	fputc('\'', stream);
+}
+
+void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *dst, const char** argv, size_t maxlen)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Copy into destination buffer. */
+	strbuf_grow(dst, 255);
+	for (i = 0; argv[i]; ++i) {
+		strbuf_addch(dst, ' ');
+		sq_quote_buf(dst, argv[i]);
+		if (maxlen && dst->len > maxlen)
+			die("Too many or long arguments");
+	}
+}
+
+static char *sq_dequote_step(char *arg, char **next)
+{
+	char *dst = arg;
+	char *src = arg;
+	char c;
+
+	if (*src != '\'')
+		return NULL;
+	for (;;) {
+		c = *++src;
+		if (!c)
+			return NULL;
+		if (c != '\'') {
+			*dst++ = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* We stepped out of sq */
+		switch (*++src) {
+		case '\0':
+			*dst = 0;
+			if (next)
+				*next = NULL;
+			return arg;
+		case '\\':
+			c = *++src;
+			if (need_bs_quote(c) && *++src == '\'') {
+				*dst++ = c;
+				continue;
+			}
+		/* Fallthrough */
+		default:
+			if (!next || !isspace(*src))
+				return NULL;
+			do {
+				c = *++src;
+			} while (isspace(c));
+			*dst = 0;
+			*next = src;
+			return arg;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+char *sq_dequote(char *arg)
+{
+	return sq_dequote_step(arg, NULL);
+}
+
+int sq_dequote_to_argv(char *arg, const char ***argv, int *nr, int *alloc)
+{
+	char *next = arg;
+
+	if (!*arg)
+		return 0;
+	do {
+		char *dequoted = sq_dequote_step(next, &next);
+		if (!dequoted)
+			return -1;
+		ALLOC_GROW(*argv, *nr + 1, *alloc);
+		(*argv)[(*nr)++] = dequoted;
+	} while (next);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* 1 means: quote as octal
+ * 0 means: quote as octal if (quote_path_fully)
+ * -1 means: never quote
+ * c: quote as "\\c"
+ */
+#define X8(x)   x, x, x, x, x, x, x, x
+#define X16(x)  X8(x), X8(x)
+static signed char const sq_lookup[256] = {
+	/*           0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7 */
+	/* 0x00 */   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1, 'a',
+	/* 0x08 */ 'b', 't', 'n', 'v', 'f', 'r',   1,   1,
+	/* 0x10 */ X16(1),
+	/* 0x20 */  -1,  -1, '"',  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,
+	/* 0x28 */ X16(-1), X16(-1), X16(-1),
+	/* 0x58 */  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,'\\',  -1,  -1,  -1,
+	/* 0x60 */ X16(-1), X8(-1),
+	/* 0x78 */  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,   1,
+	/* 0x80 */ /* set to 0 */
+};
+
+static inline int sq_must_quote(char c)
+{
+	return sq_lookup[(unsigned char)c] + quote_path_fully > 0;
+}
+
+/* returns the longest prefix not needing a quote up to maxlen if positive.
+   This stops at the first \0 because it's marked as a character needing an
+   escape */
+static size_t next_quote_pos(const char *s, ssize_t maxlen)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	if (maxlen < 0) {
+		for (len = 0; !sq_must_quote(s[len]); len++);
+	} else {
+		for (len = 0; len < maxlen && !sq_must_quote(s[len]); len++);
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * C-style name quoting.
+ *
+ * (1) if sb and fp are both NULL, inspect the input name and counts the
+ *     number of bytes that are needed to hold c_style quoted version of name,
+ *     counting the double quotes around it but not terminating NUL, and
+ *     returns it.
+ *     However, if name does not need c_style quoting, it returns 0.
+ *
+ * (2) if sb or fp are not NULL, it emits the c_style quoted version
+ *     of name, enclosed with double quotes if asked and needed only.
+ *     Return value is the same as in (1).
+ */
+static size_t quote_c_style_counted(const char *name, ssize_t maxlen,
+                                    struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int no_dq)
+{
+#undef EMIT
+#define EMIT(c)                                 \
+	do {                                        \
+		if (sb) strbuf_addch(sb, (c));          \
+		if (fp) fputc((c), fp);                 \
+		count++;                                \
+	} while (0)
+#define EMITBUF(s, l)                           \
+	do {                                        \
+		if (sb) strbuf_add(sb, (s), (l));       \
+		if (fp) fwrite((s), (l), 1, fp);        \
+		count += (l);                           \
+	} while (0)
+
+	size_t len, count = 0;
+	const char *p = name;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int ch;
+
+		len = next_quote_pos(p, maxlen);
+		if (len == maxlen || (maxlen < 0 && !p[len]))
+			break;
+
+		if (!no_dq && p == name)
+			EMIT('"');
+
+		EMITBUF(p, len);
+		EMIT('\\');
+		p += len;
+		ch = (unsigned char)*p++;
+		if (maxlen >= 0)
+			maxlen -= len + 1;
+		if (sq_lookup[ch] >= ' ') {
+			EMIT(sq_lookup[ch]);
+		} else {
+			EMIT(((ch >> 6) & 03) + '0');
+			EMIT(((ch >> 3) & 07) + '0');
+			EMIT(((ch >> 0) & 07) + '0');
+		}
+	}
+
+	EMITBUF(p, len);
+	if (p == name)   /* no ending quote needed */
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!no_dq)
+		EMIT('"');
+	return count;
+}
+
+size_t quote_c_style(const char *name, struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int nodq)
+{
+	return quote_c_style_counted(name, -1, sb, fp, nodq);
+}
+
+void quote_two_c_style(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *path, int nodq)
+{
+	if (quote_c_style(prefix, NULL, NULL, 0) ||
+	    quote_c_style(path, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+		if (!nodq)
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
+		quote_c_style(prefix, sb, NULL, 1);
+		quote_c_style(path, sb, NULL, 1);
+		if (!nodq)
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, path);
+	}
+}
+
+void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *fp, int terminator)
+{
+	if (terminator) {
+		quote_c_style(name, NULL, fp, 0);
+	} else {
+		fputs(name, fp);
+	}
+	fputc(terminator, fp);
+}
+
+void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
+			  const char *name, FILE *fp, int terminator)
+{
+	int needquote = 0;
+
+	if (terminator) {
+		needquote = next_quote_pos(pfx, pfxlen) < pfxlen
+			|| name[next_quote_pos(name, -1)];
+	}
+	if (needquote) {
+		fputc('"', fp);
+		quote_c_style_counted(pfx, pfxlen, NULL, fp, 1);
+		quote_c_style(name, NULL, fp, 1);
+		fputc('"', fp);
+	} else {
+		fwrite(pfx, pfxlen, 1, fp);
+		fputs(name, fp);
+	}
+	fputc(terminator, fp);
+}
+
+/* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
+char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
+			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int needquote;
+
+	if (len < 0)
+		len = strlen(in);
+
+	/* "../" prefix itself does not need quoting, but "in" might. */
+	needquote = next_quote_pos(in, len) < len;
+	strbuf_setlen(out, 0);
+	strbuf_grow(out, len);
+
+	if (needquote)
+		strbuf_addch(out, '"');
+	if (prefix) {
+		int off = 0;
+		while (prefix[off] && off < len && prefix[off] == in[off])
+			if (prefix[off] == '/') {
+				prefix += off + 1;
+				in += off + 1;
+				len -= off + 1;
+				off = 0;
+			} else
+				off++;
+
+		for (; *prefix; prefix++)
+			if (*prefix == '/')
+				strbuf_addstr(out, "../");
+	}
+
+	quote_c_style_counted (in, len, out, NULL, 1);
+
+	if (needquote)
+		strbuf_addch(out, '"');
+	if (!out->len)
+		strbuf_addstr(out, "./");
+
+	return out->buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * C-style name unquoting.
+ *
+ * Quoted should point at the opening double quote.
+ * + Returns 0 if it was able to unquote the string properly, and appends the
+ *   result in the strbuf `sb'.
+ * + Returns -1 in case of error, and doesn't touch the strbuf. Though note
+ *   that this function will allocate memory in the strbuf, so calling
+ *   strbuf_release is mandatory whichever result unquote_c_style returns.
+ *
+ * Updates endp pointer to point at one past the ending double quote if given.
+ */
+int unquote_c_style(struct strbuf *sb, const char *quoted, const char **endp)
+{
+	size_t oldlen = sb->len, len;
+	int ch, ac;
+
+	if (*quoted++ != '"')
+		return -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		len = strcspn(quoted, "\"\\");
+		strbuf_add(sb, quoted, len);
+		quoted += len;
+
+		switch (*quoted++) {
+		  case '"':
+			if (endp)
+				*endp = quoted;
+			return 0;
+		  case '\\':
+			break;
+		  default:
+			goto error;
+		}
+
+		switch ((ch = *quoted++)) {
+		case 'a': ch = '\a'; break;
+		case 'b': ch = '\b'; break;
+		case 'f': ch = '\f'; break;
+		case 'n': ch = '\n'; break;
+		case 'r': ch = '\r'; break;
+		case 't': ch = '\t'; break;
+		case 'v': ch = '\v'; break;
+
+		case '\\': case '"':
+			break; /* verbatim */
+
+		/* octal values with first digit over 4 overflow */
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+					ac = ((ch - '0') << 6);
+			if ((ch = *quoted++) < '0' || '7' < ch)
+				goto error;
+					ac |= ((ch - '0') << 3);
+			if ((ch = *quoted++) < '0' || '7' < ch)
+				goto error;
+					ac |= (ch - '0');
+					ch = ac;
+					break;
+				default:
+			goto error;
+			}
+		strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
+		}
+
+  error:
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, oldlen);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
+
+void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+{
+	const char sq = '\'';
+	const char bq = '\\';
+	char c;
+
+	fputc(sq, stream);
+	while ((c = *src++)) {
+		if (c == sq || c == bq)
+			fputc(bq, stream);
+		fputc(c, stream);
+	}
+	fputc(sq, stream);
+}
+
+void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+{
+	const char sq = '\'';
+	const char bq = '\\';
+	const char nl = '\n';
+	char c;
+
+	fputc(sq, stream);
+	while ((c = *src++)) {
+		if (c == nl) {
+			fputc(bq, stream);
+			fputc('n', stream);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == sq || c == bq)
+			fputc(bq, stream);
+		fputc(c, stream);
+	}
+	fputc(sq, stream);
+}
+
+void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+{
+	char c;
+
+	fputc('"', stream);
+	while ((c = *src++)) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case '[': case ']':
+		case '{': case '}':
+		case '$': case '\\': case '"':
+			fputc('\\', stream);
+		default:
+			fputc(c, stream);
+			break;
+		case '\f':
+			fputs("\\f", stream);
+			break;
+		case '\r':
+			fputs("\\r", stream);
+			break;
+		case '\n':
+			fputs("\\n", stream);
+			break;
+		case '\t':
+			fputs("\\t", stream);
+			break;
+		case '\v':
+			fputs("\\v", stream);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	fputc('"', stream);
+}
diff --git a/quote.h b/quote.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f83eb23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quote.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#ifndef QUOTE_H
+#define QUOTE_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* Help to copy the thing properly quoted for the shell safety.
+ * any single quote is replaced with '\'', any exclamation point
+ * is replaced with '\!', and the whole thing is enclosed in a
+ * single quote pair.
+ *
+ * For example, if you are passing the result to system() as an
+ * argument:
+ *
+ * sprintf(cmd, "foobar %s %s", sq_quote(arg0), sq_quote(arg1))
+ *
+ * would be appropriate.  If the system() is going to call ssh to
+ * run the command on the other side:
+ *
+ * sprintf(cmd, "git-diff-tree %s %s", sq_quote(arg0), sq_quote(arg1));
+ * sprintf(rcmd, "ssh %s %s", sq_quote(host), sq_quote(cmd));
+ *
+ * Note that the above examples leak memory!  Remember to free result from
+ * sq_quote() in a real application.
+ *
+ * sq_quote_buf() writes to an existing buffer of specified size; it
+ * will return the number of characters that would have been written
+ * excluding the final null regardless of the buffer size.
+ */
+
+extern void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+
+extern void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *, const char *src);
+extern void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *, const char **argv, size_t maxlen);
+
+/* This unwraps what sq_quote() produces in place, but returns
+ * NULL if the input does not look like what sq_quote would have
+ * produced.
+ */
+extern char *sq_dequote(char *);
+
+/*
+ * Same as the above, but can be used to unwrap many arguments in the
+ * same string separated by space. "next" is changed to point to the
+ * next argument that should be passed as first parameter. When there
+ * is no more argument to be dequoted, "next" is updated to point to NULL.
+ */
+extern int sq_dequote_to_argv(char *arg, const char ***argv, int *nr, int *alloc);
+
+extern int unquote_c_style(struct strbuf *, const char *quoted, const char **endp);
+extern size_t quote_c_style(const char *name, struct strbuf *, FILE *, int no_dq);
+extern void quote_two_c_style(struct strbuf *, const char *, const char *, int);
+
+extern void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
+extern void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
+                                 const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
+
+/* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
+char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
+			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix);
+
+/* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
+extern void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+extern void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+extern void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b515fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "reachable.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+
+static void process_blob(struct blob *blob,
+			 struct object_array *p,
+			 struct name_path *path,
+			 const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
+
+	if (!blob)
+		die("bad blob object");
+	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	/* Nothing to do, really .. The blob lookup was the important part */
+}
+
+static void process_gitlink(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    struct object_array *p,
+			    struct name_path *path,
+			    const char *name)
+{
+	/* I don't think we want to recurse into this, really. */
+}
+
+static void process_tree(struct tree *tree,
+			 struct object_array *p,
+			 struct name_path *path,
+			 const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	struct name_path me;
+
+	if (!tree)
+		die("bad tree object");
+	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
+		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	add_object(obj, p, path, name);
+	me.up = path;
+	me.elem = name;
+	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
+			process_tree(lookup_tree(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path);
+		else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
+			process_gitlink(entry.sha1, p, &me, entry.path);
+		else
+			process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path);
+	}
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+static void process_tag(struct tag *tag, struct object_array *p, const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &tag->object;
+	struct name_path me;
+
+	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+
+	me.up = NULL;
+	me.elem = "tag:/";
+	me.elem_len = 5;
+
+	if (parse_tag(tag) < 0)
+		die("bad tag object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	if (tag->tagged)
+		add_object(tag->tagged, p, NULL, name);
+}
+
+static void walk_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct object_array objects = { 0, 0, NULL };
+
+	/* Walk all commits, process their trees */
+	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL)
+		process_tree(commit->tree, &objects, NULL, "");
+
+	/* Then walk all the pending objects, recursively processing them too */
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *pending = revs->pending.objects + i;
+		struct object *obj = pending->item;
+		const char *name = pending->name;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			process_tag((struct tag *) obj, &objects, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+			process_tree((struct tree *)obj, &objects, NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			process_blob((struct blob *)obj, &objects, NULL, name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	}
+}
+
+static int add_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *object;
+	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+
+	object = parse_object(osha1);
+	if (object)
+		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+	object = parse_object(nsha1);
+	if (object)
+		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+
+	if (!object)
+		die("bad object ref: %s:%s", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	for_each_reflog_ent(path, add_one_reflog_ent, cb_data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_one_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(sha1);
+	if (tree)
+		add_pending_object(revs, &tree->object, "");
+}
+
+static void add_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (it->entry_count >= 0)
+		add_one_tree(it->sha1, revs);
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
+		add_cache_tree(it->down[i]->cache_tree, revs);
+}
+
+static void add_cache_refs(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	read_cache();
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * The index can contain blobs and GITLINKs, GITLINKs are hashes
+		 * that don't actually point to objects in the repository, it's
+		 * almost guaranteed that they are NOT blobs, so we don't call
+		 * lookup_blob() on them, to avoid populating the hash table
+		 * with invalid information
+		 */
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		lookup_blob(active_cache[i]->sha1);
+		/*
+		 * We could add the blobs to the pending list, but quite
+		 * frankly, we don't care. Once we've looked them up, and
+		 * added them as objects, we've really done everything
+		 * there is to do for a blob
+		 */
+	}
+	if (active_cache_tree)
+		add_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, revs);
+}
+
+void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Set up revision parsing, and mark us as being interested
+	 * in all object types, not just commits.
+	 */
+	revs->tag_objects = 1;
+	revs->blob_objects = 1;
+	revs->tree_objects = 1;
+
+	/* Add all refs from the index file */
+	add_cache_refs(revs);
+
+	/* Add all external refs */
+	for_each_ref(add_one_ref, revs);
+
+	/* Add all reflog info */
+	if (mark_reflog)
+		for_each_reflog(add_one_reflog, revs);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set up the revision walk - this will move all commits
+	 * from the pending list to the commit walking list.
+	 */
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	walk_commit_list(revs);
+}
diff --git a/reachable.h b/reachable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4075181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reachable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef REACHEABLE_H
+#define REACHEABLE_H
+
+extern void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1f789b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1676 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really);
+
+/* Index extensions.
+ *
+ * The first letter should be 'A'..'Z' for extensions that are not
+ * necessary for a correct operation (i.e. optimization data).
+ * When new extensions are added that _needs_ to be understood in
+ * order to correctly interpret the index file, pick character that
+ * is outside the range, to cause the reader to abort.
+ */
+
+#define CACHE_EXT(s) ( (s[0]<<24)|(s[1]<<16)|(s[2]<<8)|(s[3]) )
+#define CACHE_EXT_TREE 0x54524545	/* "TREE" */
+#define CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO 0x52455543 /* "REUC" */
+
+struct index_state the_index;
+
+static void set_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	istate->cache[nr] = ce;
+	add_name_hash(istate, ce);
+}
+
+static void replace_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr];
+
+	remove_name_hash(old);
+	set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
+	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+}
+
+void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_name)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr], *new;
+	int namelen = strlen(new_name);
+
+	new = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(namelen));
+	copy_cache_entry(new, old);
+	new->ce_flags &= ~(CE_STATE_MASK | CE_NAMEMASK);
+	new->ce_flags |= (namelen >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : namelen);
+	memcpy(new->name, new_name, namelen + 1);
+
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, old->name);
+	remove_index_entry_at(istate, nr);
+	add_index_entry(istate, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This only updates the "non-critical" parts of the directory
+ * cache, ie the parts that aren't tracked by GIT, and only used
+ * to validate the cache.
+ */
+void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	ce->ce_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
+	ce->ce_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
+	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	ce->ce_dev = st->st_dev;
+	ce->ce_ino = st->st_ino;
+	ce->ce_uid = st->st_uid;
+	ce->ce_gid = st->st_gid;
+	ce->ce_size = st->st_size;
+
+	if (assume_unchanged)
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
+}
+
+static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	int match = -1;
+	int fd = open(ce->name, O_RDONLY);
+
+	if (fd >= 0) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (!index_fd(sha1, fd, st, 0, OBJ_BLOB, ce->name))
+			match = hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
+		/* index_fd() closed the file descriptor already */
+	}
+	return match;
+}
+
+static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
+{
+	int match = -1;
+	void *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (strbuf_readlink(&sb, ce->name, expected_size))
+		return -1;
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (buffer) {
+		if (size == sb.len)
+			match = memcmp(buffer, sb.buf, size);
+		free(buffer);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return match;
+}
+
+static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't actually require that the .git directory
+	 * under GITLINK directory be a valid git directory. It
+	 * might even be missing (in case nobody populated that
+	 * sub-project).
+	 *
+	 * If so, we consider it always to match.
+	 */
+	if (resolve_gitlink_ref(ce->name, "HEAD", sha1) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	return hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
+}
+
+static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		if (ce_compare_data(ce, st))
+			return DATA_CHANGED;
+		break;
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		if (ce_compare_link(ce, xsize_t(st->st_size)))
+			return DATA_CHANGED;
+		break;
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			return ce_compare_gitlink(ce) ? DATA_CHANGED : 0;
+	default:
+		return TYPE_CHANGED;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_empty_blob_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static const unsigned char empty_blob_sha1[20] = {
+		0xe6,0x9d,0xe2,0x9b,0xb2,0xd1,0xd6,0x43,0x4b,0x8b,
+		0x29,0xae,0x77,0x5a,0xd8,0xc2,0xe4,0x8c,0x53,0x91
+	};
+
+	return !hashcmp(sha1, empty_blob_sha1);
+}
+
+static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	unsigned int changed = 0;
+
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+		return MODE_CHANGED | DATA_CHANGED | TYPE_CHANGED;
+
+	switch (ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		changed |= !S_ISREG(st->st_mode) ? TYPE_CHANGED : 0;
+		/* We consider only the owner x bit to be relevant for
+		 * "mode changes"
+		 */
+		if (trust_executable_bit &&
+		    (0100 & (ce->ce_mode ^ st->st_mode)))
+			changed |= MODE_CHANGED;
+		break;
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		if (!S_ISLNK(st->st_mode) &&
+		    (has_symlinks || !S_ISREG(st->st_mode)))
+			changed |= TYPE_CHANGED;
+		break;
+	case S_IFGITLINK:
+		/* We ignore most of the st_xxx fields for gitlinks */
+		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+			changed |= TYPE_CHANGED;
+		else if (ce_compare_gitlink(ce))
+			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+		return changed;
+	default:
+		die("internal error: ce_mode is %o", ce->ce_mode);
+	}
+	if (ce->ce_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+	if (ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
+	    ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
+		changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
+	if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
+		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+
+#ifdef USE_STDEV
+	/*
+	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
+	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
+	 * the filesystem is on
+	 */
+	if (ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
+		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (ce->ce_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
+		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+
+	/* Racily smudged entry? */
+	if (!ce->ce_size) {
+		if (!is_empty_blob_sha1(ce->sha1))
+			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	return (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		istate->timestamp.sec &&
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+		 /* nanosecond timestamped files can also be racy! */
+		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_mtime.sec ||
+		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_mtime.sec &&
+		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_mtime.nsec))
+#else
+		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_mtime.sec
+#endif
+		 );
+}
+
+int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
+		  struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+		  unsigned int options)
+{
+	unsigned int changed;
+	int ignore_valid = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID;
+	int ignore_skip_worktree = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+	int assume_racy_is_modified = options & CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY;
+
+	/*
+	 * If it's marked as always valid in the index, it's
+	 * valid whatever the checked-out copy says.
+	 *
+	 * skip-worktree has the same effect with higher precedence
+	 */
+	if (!ignore_skip_worktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+		return 0;
+	if (!ignore_valid && (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Intent-to-add entries have not been added, so the index entry
+	 * by definition never matches what is in the work tree until it
+	 * actually gets added.
+	 */
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD)
+		return DATA_CHANGED | TYPE_CHANGED | MODE_CHANGED;
+
+	changed = ce_match_stat_basic(ce, st);
+
+	/*
+	 * Within 1 second of this sequence:
+	 * 	echo xyzzy >file && git-update-index --add file
+	 * running this command:
+	 * 	echo frotz >file
+	 * would give a falsely clean cache entry.  The mtime and
+	 * length match the cache, and other stat fields do not change.
+	 *
+	 * We could detect this at update-index time (the cache entry
+	 * being registered/updated records the same time as "now")
+	 * and delay the return from git-update-index, but that would
+	 * effectively mean we can make at most one commit per second,
+	 * which is not acceptable.  Instead, we check cache entries
+	 * whose mtime are the same as the index file timestamp more
+	 * carefully than others.
+	 */
+	if (!changed && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce)) {
+		if (assume_racy_is_modified)
+			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+		else
+			changed |= ce_modified_check_fs(ce, st);
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
+		struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
+{
+	int changed, changed_fs;
+
+	changed = ie_match_stat(istate, ce, st, options);
+	if (!changed)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * If the mode or type has changed, there's no point in trying
+	 * to refresh the entry - it's not going to match
+	 */
+	if (changed & (MODE_CHANGED | TYPE_CHANGED))
+		return changed;
+
+	/*
+	 * Immediately after read-tree or update-index --cacheinfo,
+	 * the length field is zero, as we have never even read the
+	 * lstat(2) information once, and we cannot trust DATA_CHANGED
+	 * returned by ie_match_stat() which in turn was returned by
+	 * ce_match_stat_basic() to signal that the filesize of the
+	 * blob changed.  We have to actually go to the filesystem to
+	 * see if the contents match, and if so, should answer "unchanged".
+	 *
+	 * The logic does not apply to gitlinks, as ce_match_stat_basic()
+	 * already has checked the actual HEAD from the filesystem in the
+	 * subproject.  If ie_match_stat() already said it is different,
+	 * then we know it is.
+	 */
+	if ((changed & DATA_CHANGED) &&
+	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_size != 0))
+		return changed;
+
+	changed_fs = ce_modified_check_fs(ce, st);
+	if (changed_fs)
+		return changed | changed_fs;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1,
+		      const char *name2, int len2, int mode2)
+{
+	unsigned char c1, c2;
+	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	c1 = name1[len];
+	c2 = name2[len];
+	if (!c1 && S_ISDIR(mode1))
+		c1 = '/';
+	if (!c2 && S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		c2 = '/';
+	return (c1 < c2) ? -1 : (c1 > c2) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * df_name_compare() is identical to base_name_compare(), except it
+ * compares conflicting directory/file entries as equal. Note that
+ * while a directory name compares as equal to a regular file, they
+ * then individually compare _differently_ to a filename that has
+ * a dot after the basename (because '\0' < '.' < '/').
+ *
+ * This is used by routines that want to traverse the git namespace
+ * but then handle conflicting entries together when possible.
+ */
+int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1,
+		    const char *name2, int len2, int mode2)
+{
+	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2, cmp;
+	unsigned char c1, c2;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	/* Directories and files compare equal (same length, same name) */
+	if (len1 == len2)
+		return 0;
+	c1 = name1[len];
+	if (!c1 && S_ISDIR(mode1))
+		c1 = '/';
+	c2 = name2[len];
+	if (!c2 && S_ISDIR(mode2))
+		c2 = '/';
+	if (c1 == '/' && !c2)
+		return 0;
+	if (c2 == '/' && !c1)
+		return 0;
+	return c1 - c2;
+}
+
+int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int flags1, const char *name2, int flags2)
+{
+	int len1 = flags1 & CE_NAMEMASK;
+	int len2 = flags2 & CE_NAMEMASK;
+	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	if (len1 < len2)
+		return -1;
+	if (len1 > len2)
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Compare stages  */
+	flags1 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
+	flags2 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
+
+	if (flags1 < flags2)
+		return -1;
+	if (flags1 > flags2)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	int first, last;
+
+	first = 0;
+	last = istate->cache_nr;
+	while (last > first) {
+		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[next];
+		int cmp = cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return next;
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			last = next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		first = next+1;
+	}
+	return -first-1;
+}
+
+/* Remove entry, return true if there are more entries to go.. */
+int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
+
+	record_resolve_undo(istate, ce);
+	remove_name_hash(ce);
+	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	istate->cache_nr--;
+	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
+		return 0;
+	memmove(istate->cache + pos,
+		istate->cache + pos + 1,
+		(istate->cache_nr - pos) * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove all cache ententries marked for removal, that is where
+ * CE_REMOVE is set in ce_flags.  This is much more effective than
+ * calling remove_index_entry_at() for each entry to be removed.
+ */
+void remove_marked_cache_entries(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct cache_entry **ce_array = istate->cache;
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	for (i = j = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+			remove_name_hash(ce_array[i]);
+		else
+			ce_array[j++] = ce_array[i];
+	}
+	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	istate->cache_nr = j;
+}
+
+int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	int pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, strlen(path));
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -pos-1;
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, path);
+	while (pos < istate->cache_nr && !strcmp(istate->cache[pos]->name, path))
+		remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int compare_name(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *path, int namelen)
+{
+	return namelen != ce_namelen(ce) || memcmp(path, ce->name, namelen);
+}
+
+static int index_name_pos_also_unmerged(struct index_state *istate,
+	const char *path, int namelen)
+{
+	int pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, namelen);
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (pos >= 0)
+		return pos;
+
+	/* maybe unmerged? */
+	pos = -1 - pos;
+	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr ||
+			compare_name((ce = istate->cache[pos]), path, namelen))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* order of preference: stage 2, 1, 3 */
+	if (ce_stage(ce) == 1 && pos + 1 < istate->cache_nr &&
+			ce_stage((ce = istate->cache[pos + 1])) == 2 &&
+			!compare_name(ce, path, namelen))
+		pos++;
+	return pos;
+}
+
+static int different_name(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *alias)
+{
+	int len = ce_namelen(ce);
+	return ce_namelen(alias) != len || memcmp(ce->name, alias->name, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If we add a filename that aliases in the cache, we will use the
+ * name that we already have - but we don't want to update the same
+ * alias twice, because that implies that there were actually two
+ * different files with aliasing names!
+ *
+ * So we use the CE_ADDED flag to verify that the alias was an old
+ * one before we accept it as
+ */
+static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *alias)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct cache_entry *new;
+
+	if (alias->ce_flags & CE_ADDED)
+		die("Will not add file alias '%s' ('%s' already exists in index)", ce->name, alias->name);
+
+	/* Ok, create the new entry using the name of the existing alias */
+	len = ce_namelen(alias);
+	new = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+	memcpy(new->name, alias->name, len);
+	copy_cache_entry(new, ce);
+	free(ce);
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void record_intent_to_add(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	if (write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, sha1))
+		die("cannot create an empty blob in the object database");
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
+}
+
+int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st, int flags)
+{
+	int size, namelen, was_same;
+	mode_t st_mode = st->st_mode;
+	struct cache_entry *ce, *alias;
+	unsigned ce_option = CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE|CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY;
+	int verbose = flags & (ADD_CACHE_VERBOSE | ADD_CACHE_PRETEND);
+	int pretend = flags & ADD_CACHE_PRETEND;
+	int intent_only = flags & ADD_CACHE_INTENT;
+	int add_option = (ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE|
+			  (intent_only ? ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY : 0));
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st_mode) && !S_ISDIR(st_mode))
+		return error("%s: can only add regular files, symbolic links or git-directories", path);
+
+	namelen = strlen(path);
+	if (S_ISDIR(st_mode)) {
+		while (namelen && path[namelen-1] == '/')
+			namelen--;
+	}
+	size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
+	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	if (!intent_only)
+		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
+	else
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_INTENT_TO_ADD;
+
+	if (trust_executable_bit && has_symlinks)
+		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(st_mode);
+	else {
+		/* If there is an existing entry, pick the mode bits and type
+		 * from it, otherwise assume unexecutable regular file.
+		 */
+		struct cache_entry *ent;
+		int pos = index_name_pos_also_unmerged(istate, path, namelen);
+
+		ent = (0 <= pos) ? istate->cache[pos] : NULL;
+		ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(ent, st_mode);
+	}
+
+	alias = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
+	if (alias && !ce_stage(alias) && !ie_match_stat(istate, alias, st, ce_option)) {
+		/* Nothing changed, really */
+		free(ce);
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(alias->ce_mode))
+			ce_mark_uptodate(alias);
+		alias->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!intent_only) {
+		if (index_path(ce->sha1, path, st, 1))
+			return error("unable to index file %s", path);
+	} else
+		record_intent_to_add(ce);
+
+	if (ignore_case && alias && different_name(ce, alias))
+		ce = create_alias_ce(ce, alias);
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
+
+	/* It was suspected to be racily clean, but it turns out to be Ok */
+	was_same = (alias &&
+		    !ce_stage(alias) &&
+		    !hashcmp(alias->sha1, ce->sha1) &&
+		    ce->ce_mode == alias->ce_mode);
+
+	if (pretend)
+		;
+	else if (add_index_entry(istate, ce, add_option))
+		return error("unable to add %s to index",path);
+	if (verbose && !was_same)
+		printf("add '%s'\n", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int flags)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st))
+		die_errno("unable to stat '%s'", path);
+	return add_to_index(istate, path, &st, flags);
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
+		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage,
+		int refresh)
+{
+	int size, len;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (!verify_path(path)) {
+		error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	size = cache_entry_size(len);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+
+	if (refresh)
+		return refresh_cache_entry(ce, 0);
+
+	return ce;
+}
+
+int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+{
+	int len = ce_namelen(a);
+	return ce_namelen(b) == len && !memcmp(a->name, b->name, len);
+}
+
+int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	const char *match, *name;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!pathspec)
+		return 1;
+
+	len = ce_namelen(ce);
+	name = ce->name;
+	while ((match = *pathspec++) != NULL) {
+		int matchlen = strlen(match);
+		if (matchlen > len)
+			continue;
+		if (memcmp(name, match, matchlen))
+			continue;
+		if (matchlen && name[matchlen-1] == '/')
+			return 1;
+		if (name[matchlen] == '/' || !name[matchlen])
+			return 1;
+		if (!matchlen)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We fundamentally don't like some paths: we don't want
+ * dot or dot-dot anywhere, and for obvious reasons don't
+ * want to recurse into ".git" either.
+ *
+ * Also, we don't want double slashes or slashes at the
+ * end that can make pathnames ambiguous.
+ */
+static int verify_dotfile(const char *rest)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The first character was '.', but that
+	 * has already been discarded, we now test
+	 * the rest.
+	 */
+	switch (*rest) {
+	/* "." is not allowed */
+	case '\0': case '/':
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * ".git" followed by  NUL or slash is bad. This
+	 * shares the path end test with the ".." case.
+	 */
+	case 'g':
+		if (rest[1] != 'i')
+			break;
+		if (rest[2] != 't')
+			break;
+		rest += 2;
+	/* fallthrough */
+	case '.':
+		if (rest[1] == '\0' || rest[1] == '/')
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int verify_path(const char *path)
+{
+	char c;
+
+	goto inside;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!c)
+			return 1;
+		if (c == '/') {
+inside:
+			c = *path++;
+			switch (c) {
+			default:
+				continue;
+			case '/': case '\0':
+				break;
+			case '.':
+				if (verify_dotfile(path))
+					continue;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+		c = *path++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do we have another file that has the beginning components being a
+ * proper superset of the name we're trying to add?
+ */
+static int has_file_name(struct index_state *istate,
+			 const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos, int ok_to_replace)
+{
+	int retval = 0;
+	int len = ce_namelen(ce);
+	int stage = ce_stage(ce);
+	const char *name = ce->name;
+
+	while (pos < istate->cache_nr) {
+		struct cache_entry *p = istate->cache[pos++];
+
+		if (len >= ce_namelen(p))
+			break;
+		if (memcmp(name, p->name, len))
+			break;
+		if (ce_stage(p) != stage)
+			continue;
+		if (p->name[len] != '/')
+			continue;
+		if (p->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+			continue;
+		retval = -1;
+		if (!ok_to_replace)
+			break;
+		remove_index_entry_at(istate, --pos);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do we have another file with a pathname that is a proper
+ * subset of the name we're trying to add?
+ */
+static int has_dir_name(struct index_state *istate,
+			const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos, int ok_to_replace)
+{
+	int retval = 0;
+	int stage = ce_stage(ce);
+	const char *name = ce->name;
+	const char *slash = name + ce_namelen(ce);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int len;
+
+		for (;;) {
+			if (*--slash == '/')
+				break;
+			if (slash <= ce->name)
+				return retval;
+		}
+		len = slash - name;
+
+		pos = index_name_pos(istate, name, create_ce_flags(len, stage));
+		if (pos >= 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Found one, but not so fast.  This could
+			 * be a marker that says "I was here, but
+			 * I am being removed".  Such an entry is
+			 * not a part of the resulting tree, and
+			 * it is Ok to have a directory at the same
+			 * path.
+			 */
+			if (!(istate->cache[pos]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)) {
+				retval = -1;
+				if (!ok_to_replace)
+					break;
+				remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			pos = -pos-1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Trivial optimization: if we find an entry that
+		 * already matches the sub-directory, then we know
+		 * we're ok, and we can exit.
+		 */
+		while (pos < istate->cache_nr) {
+			struct cache_entry *p = istate->cache[pos];
+			if ((ce_namelen(p) <= len) ||
+			    (p->name[len] != '/') ||
+			    memcmp(p->name, name, len))
+				break; /* not our subdirectory */
+			if (ce_stage(p) == stage && !(p->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE))
+				/*
+				 * p is at the same stage as our entry, and
+				 * is a subdirectory of what we are looking
+				 * at, so we cannot have conflicts at our
+				 * level or anything shorter.
+				 */
+				return retval;
+			pos++;
+		}
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/* We may be in a situation where we already have path/file and path
+ * is being added, or we already have path and path/file is being
+ * added.  Either one would result in a nonsense tree that has path
+ * twice when git-write-tree tries to write it out.  Prevent it.
+ *
+ * If ok-to-replace is specified, we remove the conflicting entries
+ * from the cache so the caller should recompute the insert position.
+ * When this happens, we return non-zero.
+ */
+static int check_file_directory_conflict(struct index_state *istate,
+					 const struct cache_entry *ce,
+					 int pos, int ok_to_replace)
+{
+	int retval;
+
+	/*
+	 * When ce is an "I am going away" entry, we allow it to be added
+	 */
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We check if the path is a sub-path of a subsequent pathname
+	 * first, since removing those will not change the position
+	 * in the array.
+	 */
+	retval = has_file_name(istate, ce, pos, ok_to_replace);
+
+	/*
+	 * Then check if the path might have a clashing sub-directory
+	 * before it.
+	 */
+	return retval + has_dir_name(istate, ce, pos, ok_to_replace);
+}
+
+static int add_index_entry_with_check(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int option)
+{
+	int pos;
+	int ok_to_add = option & ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD;
+	int ok_to_replace = option & ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE;
+	int skip_df_check = option & ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK;
+	int new_only = option & ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY;
+
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, ce->name);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+
+	/* existing match? Just replace it. */
+	if (pos >= 0) {
+		if (!new_only)
+			replace_index_entry(istate, pos, ce);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	pos = -pos-1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Inserting a merged entry ("stage 0") into the index
+	 * will always replace all non-merged entries..
+	 */
+	if (pos < istate->cache_nr && ce_stage(ce) == 0) {
+		while (ce_same_name(istate->cache[pos], ce)) {
+			ok_to_add = 1;
+			if (!remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos))
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!ok_to_add)
+		return -1;
+	if (!verify_path(ce->name))
+		return error("Invalid path '%s'", ce->name);
+
+	if (!skip_df_check &&
+	    check_file_directory_conflict(istate, ce, pos, ok_to_replace)) {
+		if (!ok_to_replace)
+			return error("'%s' appears as both a file and as a directory",
+				     ce->name);
+		pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		pos = -pos-1;
+	}
+	return pos + 1;
+}
+
+int add_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int option)
+{
+	int pos;
+
+	if (option & ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND)
+		pos = istate->cache_nr;
+	else {
+		int ret;
+		ret = add_index_entry_with_check(istate, ce, option);
+		if (ret <= 0)
+			return ret;
+		pos = ret - 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Make sure the array is big enough .. */
+	if (istate->cache_nr == istate->cache_alloc) {
+		istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_alloc);
+		istate->cache = xrealloc(istate->cache,
+					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	}
+
+	/* Add it in.. */
+	istate->cache_nr++;
+	if (istate->cache_nr > pos + 1)
+		memmove(istate->cache + pos + 1,
+			istate->cache + pos,
+			(istate->cache_nr - pos - 1) * sizeof(ce));
+	set_index_entry(istate, pos, ce);
+	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "refresh" does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the
+ * cache up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it
+ * _does_ do is to "re-match" the stat information of a file
+ * with the cache, so that you can refresh the cache for a
+ * file that hasn't been changed but where the stat entry is
+ * out of date.
+ *
+ * For example, you'd want to do this after doing a "git-read-tree",
+ * to link up the stat cache details with the proper files.
+ */
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
+					     struct cache_entry *ce,
+					     unsigned int options, int *err)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *updated;
+	int changed, size;
+	int ignore_valid = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID;
+	int ignore_skip_worktree = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+
+	if (ce_uptodate(ce))
+		return ce;
+
+	/*
+	 * CE_VALID or CE_SKIP_WORKTREE means the user promised us
+	 * that the change to the work tree does not matter and told
+	 * us not to worry.
+	 */
+	if (!ignore_skip_worktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
+		return ce;
+	}
+	if (!ignore_valid && (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID)) {
+		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
+		return ce;
+	}
+
+	if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
+		if (err)
+			*err = errno;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	changed = ie_match_stat(istate, ce, &st, options);
+	if (!changed) {
+		/*
+		 * The path is unchanged.  If we were told to ignore
+		 * valid bit, then we did the actual stat check and
+		 * found that the entry is unmodified.  If the entry
+		 * is not marked VALID, this is the place to mark it
+		 * valid again, under "assume unchanged" mode.
+		 */
+		if (ignore_valid && assume_unchanged &&
+		    !(ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID))
+			; /* mark this one VALID again */
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * We do not mark the index itself "modified"
+			 * because CE_UPTODATE flag is in-core only;
+			 * we are not going to write this change out.
+			 */
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
+			return ce;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ie_modified(istate, ce, &st, options)) {
+		if (err)
+			*err = EINVAL;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	size = ce_size(ce);
+	updated = xmalloc(size);
+	memcpy(updated, ce, size);
+	fill_stat_cache_info(updated, &st);
+	/*
+	 * If ignore_valid is not set, we should leave CE_VALID bit
+	 * alone.  Otherwise, paths marked with --no-assume-unchanged
+	 * (i.e. things to be edited) will reacquire CE_VALID bit
+	 * automatically, which is not really what we want.
+	 */
+	if (!ignore_valid && assume_unchanged &&
+	    !(ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID))
+		updated->ce_flags &= ~CE_VALID;
+
+	return updated;
+}
+
+static void show_file(const char * fmt, const char * name, int in_porcelain,
+		      int * first, char *header_msg)
+{
+	if (in_porcelain && *first && header_msg) {
+		printf("%s\n", header_msg);
+		*first=0;
+	}
+	printf(fmt, name);
+}
+
+int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec,
+		  char *seen, char *header_msg)
+{
+	int i;
+	int has_errors = 0;
+	int really = (flags & REFRESH_REALLY) != 0;
+	int allow_unmerged = (flags & REFRESH_UNMERGED) != 0;
+	int quiet = (flags & REFRESH_QUIET) != 0;
+	int not_new = (flags & REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING) != 0;
+	int ignore_submodules = (flags & REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES) != 0;
+	int first = 1;
+	int in_porcelain = (flags & REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
+	unsigned int options = really ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID : 0;
+	const char *needs_update_fmt;
+	const char *needs_merge_fmt;
+
+	needs_update_fmt = (in_porcelain ? "M\t%s\n" : "%s: needs update\n");
+	needs_merge_fmt = (in_porcelain ? "U\t%s\n" : "%s: needs merge\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce, *new;
+		int cache_errno = 0;
+
+		ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (ignore_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			while ((i < istate->cache_nr) &&
+			       ! strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, ce->name))
+				i++;
+			i--;
+			if (allow_unmerged)
+				continue;
+			show_file(needs_merge_fmt, ce->name, in_porcelain, &first, header_msg);
+			has_errors = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (pathspec && !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, strlen(ce->name), 0, seen))
+			continue;
+
+		new = refresh_cache_ent(istate, ce, options, &cache_errno);
+		if (new == ce)
+			continue;
+		if (!new) {
+			if (not_new && cache_errno == ENOENT)
+				continue;
+			if (really && cache_errno == EINVAL) {
+				/* If we are doing --really-refresh that
+				 * means the index is not valid anymore.
+				 */
+				ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_VALID;
+				istate->cache_changed = 1;
+			}
+			if (quiet)
+				continue;
+			show_file(needs_update_fmt, ce->name, in_porcelain, &first, header_msg);
+			has_errors = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		replace_index_entry(istate, i, new);
+	}
+	return has_errors;
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really)
+{
+	return refresh_cache_ent(&the_index, ce, really, NULL);
+}
+
+static int verify_hdr(struct cache_header *hdr, unsigned long size)
+{
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE))
+		return error("bad signature");
+	if (hdr->hdr_version != htonl(2) && hdr->hdr_version != htonl(3))
+		return error("bad index version");
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, (unsigned char *)hdr + size - 20))
+		return error("bad index file sha1 signature");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_index_extension(struct index_state *istate,
+				const char *ext, void *data, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	switch (CACHE_EXT(ext)) {
+	case CACHE_EXT_TREE:
+		istate->cache_tree = cache_tree_read(data, sz);
+		break;
+	case CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO:
+		istate->resolve_undo = resolve_undo_read(data, sz);
+		break;
+	default:
+		if (*ext < 'A' || 'Z' < *ext)
+			return error("index uses %.4s extension, which we do not understand",
+				     ext);
+		fprintf(stderr, "ignoring %.4s extension\n", ext);
+		break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int read_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	return read_index_from(istate, get_index_file());
+}
+
+static void convert_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	const char *name;
+
+	ce->ce_ctime.sec = ntohl(ondisk->ctime.sec);
+	ce->ce_mtime.sec = ntohl(ondisk->mtime.sec);
+	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ntohl(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ntohl(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_dev   = ntohl(ondisk->dev);
+	ce->ce_ino   = ntohl(ondisk->ino);
+	ce->ce_mode  = ntohl(ondisk->mode);
+	ce->ce_uid   = ntohl(ondisk->uid);
+	ce->ce_gid   = ntohl(ondisk->gid);
+	ce->ce_size  = ntohl(ondisk->size);
+	/* On-disk flags are just 16 bits */
+	ce->ce_flags = ntohs(ondisk->flags);
+
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
+
+	len = ce->ce_flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
+
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
+		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
+		int extended_flags;
+		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
+		extended_flags = ntohs(ondisk2->flags2) << 16;
+		/* We do not yet understand any bit out of CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS */
+		if (extended_flags & ~CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS)
+			die("Unknown index entry format %08x", extended_flags);
+		ce->ce_flags |= extended_flags;
+		name = ondisk2->name;
+	}
+	else
+		name = ondisk->name;
+
+	if (len == CE_NAMEMASK)
+		len = strlen(name);
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: If the original index is crafted, this copy could
+	 * go unchecked.
+	 */
+	memcpy(ce->name, name, len + 1);
+}
+
+static inline size_t estimate_cache_size(size_t ondisk_size, unsigned int entries)
+{
+	long per_entry;
+
+	per_entry = sizeof(struct cache_entry) - sizeof(struct ondisk_cache_entry);
+
+	/*
+	 * Alignment can cause differences. This should be "alignof", but
+	 * since that's a gcc'ism, just use the size of a pointer.
+	 */
+	per_entry += sizeof(void *);
+	return ondisk_size + entries*per_entry;
+}
+
+/* remember to discard_cache() before reading a different cache! */
+int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	int fd, i;
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned long src_offset, dst_offset;
+	struct cache_header *hdr;
+	void *mmap;
+	size_t mmap_size;
+
+	errno = EBUSY;
+	if (istate->initialized)
+		return istate->cache_nr;
+
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
+	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		die_errno("index file open failed");
+	}
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st))
+		die_errno("cannot stat the open index");
+
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	mmap_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	if (mmap_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
+		die("index file smaller than expected");
+
+	mmap = xmmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	close(fd);
+	if (mmap == MAP_FAILED)
+		die_errno("unable to map index file");
+
+	hdr = mmap;
+	if (verify_hdr(hdr, mmap_size) < 0)
+		goto unmap;
+
+	istate->cache_nr = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
+	istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_nr);
+	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+
+	/*
+	 * The disk format is actually larger than the in-memory format,
+	 * due to space for nsec etc, so even though the in-memory one
+	 * has room for a few  more flags, we can allocate using the same
+	 * index size
+	 */
+	istate->alloc = xmalloc(estimate_cache_size(mmap_size, istate->cache_nr));
+	istate->initialized = 1;
+
+	src_offset = sizeof(*hdr);
+	dst_offset = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct ondisk_cache_entry *disk_ce;
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+		disk_ce = (struct ondisk_cache_entry *)((char *)mmap + src_offset);
+		ce = (struct cache_entry *)((char *)istate->alloc + dst_offset);
+		convert_from_disk(disk_ce, ce);
+		set_index_entry(istate, i, ce);
+
+		src_offset += ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+		dst_offset += ce_size(ce);
+	}
+	istate->timestamp.sec = st.st_mtime;
+	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
+
+	while (src_offset <= mmap_size - 20 - 8) {
+		/* After an array of active_nr index entries,
+		 * there can be arbitrary number of extended
+		 * sections, each of which is prefixed with
+		 * extension name (4-byte) and section length
+		 * in 4-byte network byte order.
+		 */
+		uint32_t extsize;
+		memcpy(&extsize, (char *)mmap + src_offset + 4, 4);
+		extsize = ntohl(extsize);
+		if (read_index_extension(istate,
+					 (const char *) mmap + src_offset,
+					 (char *) mmap + src_offset + 8,
+					 extsize) < 0)
+			goto unmap;
+		src_offset += 8;
+		src_offset += extsize;
+	}
+	munmap(mmap, mmap_size);
+	return istate->cache_nr;
+
+unmap:
+	munmap(mmap, mmap_size);
+	errno = EINVAL;
+	die("index file corrupt");
+}
+
+int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	return (!istate->cache_nr && !istate->alloc && !istate->timestamp.sec);
+}
+
+int discard_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	resolve_undo_clear_index(istate);
+	istate->cache_nr = 0;
+	istate->cache_changed = 0;
+	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
+	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
+	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	cache_tree_free(&(istate->cache_tree));
+	free(istate->alloc);
+	istate->alloc = NULL;
+	istate->initialized = 0;
+
+	/* no need to throw away allocated active_cache */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int unmerged_index(const struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE 8192
+static unsigned char write_buffer[WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+static unsigned long write_buffer_len;
+
+static int ce_write_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd)
+{
+	unsigned int buffered = write_buffer_len;
+	if (buffered) {
+		git_SHA1_Update(context, write_buffer, buffered);
+		if (write_in_full(fd, write_buffer, buffered) != buffered)
+			return -1;
+		write_buffer_len = 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ce_write(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd, void *data, unsigned int len)
+{
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned int buffered = write_buffer_len;
+		unsigned int partial = WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE - buffered;
+		if (partial > len)
+			partial = len;
+		memcpy(write_buffer + buffered, data, partial);
+		buffered += partial;
+		if (buffered == WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+			write_buffer_len = buffered;
+			if (ce_write_flush(context, fd))
+				return -1;
+			buffered = 0;
+		}
+		write_buffer_len = buffered;
+		len -= partial;
+		data = (char *) data + partial;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_index_ext_header(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd,
+				  unsigned int ext, unsigned int sz)
+{
+	ext = htonl(ext);
+	sz = htonl(sz);
+	return ((ce_write(context, fd, &ext, 4) < 0) ||
+		(ce_write(context, fd, &sz, 4) < 0)) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd)
+{
+	unsigned int left = write_buffer_len;
+
+	if (left) {
+		write_buffer_len = 0;
+		git_SHA1_Update(context, write_buffer, left);
+	}
+
+	/* Flush first if not enough space for SHA1 signature */
+	if (left + 20 > WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, write_buffer, left) != left)
+			return -1;
+		left = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Append the SHA1 signature at the end */
+	git_SHA1_Final(write_buffer + left, context);
+	left += 20;
+	return (write_in_full(fd, write_buffer, left) != left) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The only thing we care about in this function is to smudge the
+	 * falsely clean entry due to touch-update-touch race, so we leave
+	 * everything else as they are.  We are called for entries whose
+	 * ce_mtime match the index file mtime.
+	 *
+	 * Note that this actually does not do much for gitlinks, for
+	 * which ce_match_stat_basic() always goes to the actual
+	 * contents.  The caller checks with is_racy_timestamp() which
+	 * always says "no" for gitlinks, so we are not called for them ;-)
+	 */
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0)
+		return;
+	if (ce_match_stat_basic(ce, &st))
+		return;
+	if (ce_modified_check_fs(ce, &st)) {
+		/* This is "racily clean"; smudge it.  Note that this
+		 * is a tricky code.  At first glance, it may appear
+		 * that it can break with this sequence:
+		 *
+		 * $ echo xyzzy >frotz
+		 * $ git-update-index --add frotz
+		 * $ : >frotz
+		 * $ sleep 3
+		 * $ echo filfre >nitfol
+		 * $ git-update-index --add nitfol
+		 *
+		 * but it does not.  When the second update-index runs,
+		 * it notices that the entry "frotz" has the same timestamp
+		 * as index, and if we were to smudge it by resetting its
+		 * size to zero here, then the object name recorded
+		 * in index is the 6-byte file but the cached stat information
+		 * becomes zero --- which would then match what we would
+		 * obtain from the filesystem next time we stat("frotz").
+		 *
+		 * However, the second update-index, before calling
+		 * this function, notices that the cached size is 6
+		 * bytes and what is on the filesystem is an empty
+		 * file, and never calls us, so the cached size information
+		 * for "frotz" stays 6 which does not match the filesystem.
+		 */
+		ce->ce_size = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	int size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+	struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
+	char *name;
+
+	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
+	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
+	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
+	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
+	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_dev);
+	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_ino);
+	ondisk->mode = htonl(ce->ce_mode);
+	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_uid);
+	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_gid);
+	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_size);
+	hashcpy(ondisk->sha1, ce->sha1);
+	ondisk->flags = htons(ce->ce_flags);
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
+		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
+		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
+		ondisk2->flags2 = htons((ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS) >> 16);
+		name = ondisk2->name;
+	}
+	else
+		name = ondisk->name;
+	memcpy(name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+
+	return ce_write(c, fd, ondisk, size);
+}
+
+int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
+{
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	struct cache_header hdr;
+	int i, err, removed, extended;
+	struct cache_entry **cache = istate->cache;
+	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	for (i = removed = extended = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		if (cache[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+			removed++;
+
+		/* reduce extended entries if possible */
+		cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~CE_EXTENDED;
+		if (cache[i]->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS) {
+			extended++;
+			cache[i]->ce_flags |= CE_EXTENDED;
+		}
+	}
+
+	hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE);
+	/* for extended format, increase version so older git won't try to read it */
+	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(extended ? 3 : 2);
+	hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(entries - removed);
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	if (ce_write(&c, newfd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+			continue;
+		if (!ce_uptodate(ce) && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce))
+			ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(ce);
+		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Write extension data here */
+	if (istate->cache_tree) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		cache_tree_write(&sb, istate->cache_tree);
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_TREE, sb.len) < 0
+			|| ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		if (err)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (istate->resolve_undo) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		resolve_undo_write(&sb, istate->resolve_undo);
+		err = write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO,
+					     sb.len) < 0
+			|| ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		if (err)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (ce_flush(&c, newfd) || fstat(newfd, &st))
+		return -1;
+	istate->timestamp.sec = (unsigned int)st.st_mtime;
+	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the index file that is potentially unmerged into given
+ * index_state, dropping any unmerged entries.  Returns true if
+ * the index is unmerged.  Callers who want to refuse to work
+ * from an unmerged state can call this and check its return value,
+ * instead of calling read_cache().
+ */
+int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	int i;
+	int unmerged = 0;
+
+	read_index(istate);
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		struct cache_entry *new_ce;
+		int size, len;
+
+		if (!ce_stage(ce))
+			continue;
+		unmerged = 1;
+		len = strlen(ce->name);
+		size = cache_entry_size(len);
+		new_ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+		memcpy(new_ce->name, ce->name, len);
+		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_mode = ce->ce_mode;
+		if (add_index_entry(istate, new_ce, 0))
+			return error("%s: cannot drop to stage #0",
+				     ce->name);
+		i = index_name_pos(istate, new_ce->name, len);
+	}
+	return unmerged;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the path is an "other" path with respect to
+ * the index; that is, the path is not mentioned in the index at all,
+ * either as a file, a directory with some files in the index,
+ * or as an unmerged entry.
+ *
+ * We helpfully remove a trailing "/" from directories so that
+ * the output of read_directory can be used as-is.
+ */
+int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name,
+		int namelen)
+{
+	int pos;
+	if (namelen && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
+		namelen--;
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, name, namelen);
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return 0;	/* exact match */
+	pos = -pos - 1;
+	if (pos < istate->cache_nr) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
+		    !memcmp(ce->name, name, namelen))
+			return 0; /* Yup, this one exists unmerged */
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/reflog-walk.c b/reflog-walk.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caba4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reflog-walk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "reflog-walk.h"
+
+struct complete_reflogs {
+	char *ref;
+	const char *short_ref;
+	struct reflog_info {
+		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+		char *email;
+		unsigned long timestamp;
+		int tz;
+		char *message;
+	} *items;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static int read_one_reflog(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct complete_reflogs *array = cb_data;
+	struct reflog_info *item;
+
+	if (array->nr >= array->alloc) {
+		array->alloc = alloc_nr(array->nr + 1);
+		array->items = xrealloc(array->items, array->alloc *
+			sizeof(struct reflog_info));
+	}
+	item = array->items + array->nr;
+	memcpy(item->osha1, osha1, 20);
+	memcpy(item->nsha1, nsha1, 20);
+	item->email = xstrdup(email);
+	item->timestamp = timestamp;
+	item->tz = tz;
+	item->message = xstrdup(message);
+	array->nr++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct complete_reflogs *read_complete_reflog(const char *ref)
+{
+	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs =
+		xcalloc(sizeof(struct complete_reflogs), 1);
+	reflogs->ref = xstrdup(ref);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(ref, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
+	if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL);
+		if (name)
+			for_each_reflog_ent(name, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
+	}
+	if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
+		int len = strlen(ref);
+		char *refname = xmalloc(len + 12);
+		sprintf(refname, "refs/%s", ref);
+		for_each_reflog_ent(refname, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
+		if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
+			sprintf(refname, "refs/heads/%s", ref);
+			for_each_reflog_ent(refname, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
+		}
+		free(refname);
+	}
+	return reflogs;
+}
+
+static int get_reflog_recno_by_time(struct complete_reflogs *array,
+	unsigned long timestamp)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = array->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (timestamp >= array->items[i].timestamp)
+			return i;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+struct commit_info_lifo {
+	struct commit_info {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		void *util;
+	} *items;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static struct commit_info *get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
+		struct commit_info_lifo *lifo, int pop)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < lifo->nr; i++)
+		if (lifo->items[i].commit == commit) {
+			struct commit_info *result = &lifo->items[i];
+			if (pop) {
+				if (i + 1 < lifo->nr)
+					memmove(lifo->items + i,
+						lifo->items + i + 1,
+						(lifo->nr - i) *
+						sizeof(struct commit_info));
+				lifo->nr--;
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void add_commit_info(struct commit *commit, void *util,
+		struct commit_info_lifo *lifo)
+{
+	struct commit_info *info;
+	if (lifo->nr >= lifo->alloc) {
+		lifo->alloc = alloc_nr(lifo->nr + 1);
+		lifo->items = xrealloc(lifo->items,
+			lifo->alloc * sizeof(struct commit_info));
+	}
+	info = lifo->items + lifo->nr;
+	info->commit = commit;
+	info->util = util;
+	lifo->nr++;
+}
+
+struct commit_reflog {
+	int flag, recno;
+	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs;
+};
+
+struct reflog_walk_info {
+	struct commit_info_lifo reflogs;
+	struct string_list complete_reflogs;
+	struct commit_reflog *last_commit_reflog;
+};
+
+void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info** info)
+{
+	*info = xcalloc(sizeof(struct reflog_walk_info), 1);
+}
+
+int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
+		struct commit *commit, const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned long timestamp = 0;
+	int recno = -1;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs;
+	char *branch, *at = strchr(name, '@');
+	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog;
+
+	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		die ("Cannot walk reflogs for %s", name);
+
+	branch = xstrdup(name);
+	if (at && at[1] == '{') {
+		char *ep;
+		branch[at - name] = '\0';
+		recno = strtoul(at + 2, &ep, 10);
+		if (*ep != '}') {
+			recno = -1;
+			timestamp = approxidate(at + 2);
+		}
+	} else
+		recno = 0;
+
+	item = string_list_lookup(branch, &info->complete_reflogs);
+	if (item)
+		reflogs = item->util;
+	else {
+		if (*branch == '\0') {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			const char *head = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+			if (!head)
+				die ("No current branch");
+			free(branch);
+			branch = xstrdup(head);
+		}
+		reflogs = read_complete_reflog(branch);
+		if (!reflogs || reflogs->nr == 0) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			char *b;
+			if (dwim_log(branch, strlen(branch), sha1, &b) == 1) {
+				if (reflogs) {
+					free(reflogs->ref);
+					free(reflogs);
+				}
+				free(branch);
+				branch = b;
+				reflogs = read_complete_reflog(branch);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!reflogs || reflogs->nr == 0)
+			return -1;
+		string_list_insert(branch, &info->complete_reflogs)->util
+			= reflogs;
+	}
+
+	commit_reflog = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit_reflog), 1);
+	if (recno < 0) {
+		commit_reflog->flag = 1;
+		commit_reflog->recno = get_reflog_recno_by_time(reflogs, timestamp);
+		if (commit_reflog->recno < 0) {
+			free(branch);
+			free(commit_reflog);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else
+		commit_reflog->recno = reflogs->nr - recno - 1;
+	commit_reflog->reflogs = reflogs;
+
+	add_commit_info(commit, commit_reflog, &info->reflogs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_info *commit_info =
+		get_commit_info(commit, &info->reflogs, 0);
+	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog;
+	struct reflog_info *reflog;
+
+	info->last_commit_reflog = NULL;
+	if (!commit_info)
+		return;
+
+	commit_reflog = commit_info->util;
+	if (commit_reflog->recno < 0) {
+		commit->parents = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	reflog = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno];
+	info->last_commit_reflog = commit_reflog;
+	commit_reflog->recno--;
+	commit_info->commit = (struct commit *)parse_object(reflog->osha1);
+	if (!commit_info->commit) {
+		commit->parents = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	commit->parents = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list), 1);
+	commit->parents->item = commit_info->commit;
+	commit->object.flags &= ~(ADDED | SEEN | SHOWN);
+}
+
+void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
+			 struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info,
+			 enum date_mode dmode,
+			 int shorten)
+{
+	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
+	struct reflog_info *info;
+	const char *printed_ref;
+
+	if (!commit_reflog)
+		return;
+
+	if (shorten) {
+		if (!commit_reflog->reflogs->short_ref)
+			commit_reflog->reflogs->short_ref
+				= shorten_unambiguous_ref(commit_reflog->reflogs->ref, 0);
+		printed_ref = commit_reflog->reflogs->short_ref;
+	} else {
+		printed_ref = commit_reflog->reflogs->ref;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(sb, "%s@{", printed_ref);
+	if (commit_reflog->flag || dmode) {
+		info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(info->timestamp, info->tz, dmode));
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%d", commit_reflog->reflogs->nr
+			    - 2 - commit_reflog->recno);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '}');
+}
+
+void get_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb,
+			struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info)
+{
+	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
+	struct reflog_info *info;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!commit_reflog)
+		return;
+
+	info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
+	len = strlen(info->message);
+	if (len > 0)
+		len--; /* strip away trailing newline */
+	strbuf_add(sb, info->message, len);
+}
+
+void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info, int oneline,
+	enum date_mode dmode)
+{
+	if (reflog_info && reflog_info->last_commit_reflog) {
+		struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
+		struct reflog_info *info;
+		struct strbuf selector = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
+		get_reflog_selector(&selector, reflog_info, dmode, 0);
+		if (oneline) {
+			printf("%s: %s", selector.buf, info->message);
+		}
+		else {
+			printf("Reflog: %s (%s)\nReflog message: %s",
+			       selector.buf, info->email, info->message);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_release(&selector);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/reflog-walk.h b/reflog-walk.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd2cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reflog-walk.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef REFLOG_WALK_H
+#define REFLOG_WALK_H
+
+#include "cache.h"
+
+struct reflog_walk_info;
+
+extern void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info** info);
+extern int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
+		struct commit *commit, const char *name);
+extern void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
+		struct commit *commit);
+extern void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *info, int,
+		enum date_mode);
+extern void get_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb,
+		struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info);
+extern void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
+		struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info,
+		enum date_mode dmode,
+		int shorten);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..503a8c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1831 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+/* ISSYMREF=01 and ISPACKED=02 are public interfaces */
+#define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 04
+
+struct ref_list {
+	struct ref_list *next;
+	unsigned char flag; /* ISSYMREF? ISPACKED? */
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static const char *parse_ref_line(char *line, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	/*
+	 * 42: the answer to everything.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, it happens to be the answer to
+	 *  40 (length of sha1 hex representation)
+	 *  +1 (space in between hex and name)
+	 *  +1 (newline at the end of the line)
+	 */
+	int len = strlen(line) - 42;
+
+	if (len <= 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!isspace(line[40]))
+		return NULL;
+	line += 41;
+	if (isspace(*line))
+		return NULL;
+	if (line[len] != '\n')
+		return NULL;
+	line[len] = 0;
+
+	return line;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *add_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				int flag, struct ref_list *list,
+				struct ref_list **new_entry)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct ref_list *entry;
+
+	/* Allocate it and add it in.. */
+	len = strlen(name) + 1;
+	entry = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref_list) + len);
+	hashcpy(entry->sha1, sha1);
+	hashclr(entry->peeled);
+	memcpy(entry->name, name, len);
+	entry->flag = flag;
+	entry->next = list;
+	if (new_entry)
+		*new_entry = entry;
+	return entry;
+}
+
+/* merge sort the ref list */
+static struct ref_list *sort_ref_list(struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	int psize, qsize, last_merge_count, cmp;
+	struct ref_list *p, *q, *l, *e;
+	struct ref_list *new_list = list;
+	int k = 1;
+	int merge_count = 0;
+
+	if (!list)
+		return list;
+
+	do {
+		last_merge_count = merge_count;
+		merge_count = 0;
+
+		psize = 0;
+
+		p = new_list;
+		q = new_list;
+		new_list = NULL;
+		l = NULL;
+
+		while (p) {
+			merge_count++;
+
+			while (psize < k && q->next) {
+				q = q->next;
+				psize++;
+			}
+			qsize = k;
+
+			while ((psize > 0) || (qsize > 0 && q)) {
+				if (qsize == 0 || !q) {
+					e = p;
+					p = p->next;
+					psize--;
+				} else if (psize == 0) {
+					e = q;
+					q = q->next;
+					qsize--;
+				} else {
+					cmp = strcmp(q->name, p->name);
+					if (cmp < 0) {
+						e = q;
+						q = q->next;
+						qsize--;
+					} else if (cmp > 0) {
+						e = p;
+						p = p->next;
+						psize--;
+					} else {
+						if (hashcmp(q->sha1, p->sha1))
+							die("Duplicated ref, and SHA1s don't match: %s",
+							    q->name);
+						warning("Duplicated ref: %s", q->name);
+						e = q;
+						q = q->next;
+						qsize--;
+						free(e);
+						e = p;
+						p = p->next;
+						psize--;
+					}
+				}
+
+				e->next = NULL;
+
+				if (l)
+					l->next = e;
+				if (!new_list)
+					new_list = e;
+				l = e;
+			}
+
+			p = q;
+		};
+
+		k = k * 2;
+	} while ((last_merge_count != merge_count) || (last_merge_count != 1));
+
+	return new_list;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
+ * when doing a full libification.
+ */
+static struct cached_refs {
+	char did_loose;
+	char did_packed;
+	struct ref_list *loose;
+	struct ref_list *packed;
+} cached_refs;
+static struct ref_list *current_ref;
+
+static struct ref_list *extra_refs;
+
+static void free_ref_list(struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	struct ref_list *next;
+	for ( ; list; list = next) {
+		next = list->next;
+		free(list);
+	}
+}
+
+static void invalidate_cached_refs(void)
+{
+	struct cached_refs *ca = &cached_refs;
+
+	if (ca->did_loose && ca->loose)
+		free_ref_list(ca->loose);
+	if (ca->did_packed && ca->packed)
+		free_ref_list(ca->packed);
+	ca->loose = ca->packed = NULL;
+	ca->did_loose = ca->did_packed = 0;
+}
+
+static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct cached_refs *cached_refs)
+{
+	struct ref_list *list = NULL;
+	struct ref_list *last = NULL;
+	char refline[PATH_MAX];
+	int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+
+	while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name;
+		static const char header[] = "# pack-refs with:";
+
+		if (!strncmp(refline, header, sizeof(header)-1)) {
+			const char *traits = refline + sizeof(header) - 1;
+			if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
+				flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		name = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
+		if (name) {
+			list = add_ref(name, sha1, flag, list, &last);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (last &&
+		    refline[0] == '^' &&
+		    strlen(refline) == 42 &&
+		    refline[41] == '\n' &&
+		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1))
+			hashcpy(last->peeled, sha1);
+	}
+	cached_refs->packed = sort_ref_list(list);
+}
+
+void add_extra_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag)
+{
+	extra_refs = add_ref(name, sha1, flag, extra_refs, NULL);
+}
+
+void clear_extra_refs(void)
+{
+	free_ref_list(extra_refs);
+	extra_refs = NULL;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *get_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	if (!cached_refs.did_packed) {
+		FILE *f = fopen(git_path("packed-refs"), "r");
+		cached_refs.packed = NULL;
+		if (f) {
+			read_packed_refs(f, &cached_refs);
+			fclose(f);
+		}
+		cached_refs.did_packed = 1;
+	}
+	return cached_refs.packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *get_ref_dir(const char *base, struct ref_list *list)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("%s", base));
+
+	if (dir) {
+		struct dirent *de;
+		int baselen = strlen(base);
+		char *ref = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
+
+		memcpy(ref, base, baselen);
+		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
+			ref[baselen++] = '/';
+
+		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			struct stat st;
+			int flag;
+			int namelen;
+
+			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+				continue;
+			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
+			if (namelen > 255)
+				continue;
+			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+				continue;
+			memcpy(ref + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
+			if (stat(git_path("%s", ref), &st) < 0)
+				continue;
+			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				list = get_ref_dir(ref, list);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, &flag))
+				hashclr(sha1);
+			list = add_ref(ref, sha1, flag, list, NULL);
+		}
+		free(ref);
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+	return sort_ref_list(list);
+}
+
+struct warn_if_dangling_data {
+	FILE *fp;
+	const char *refname;
+	const char *msg_fmt;
+};
+
+static int warn_if_dangling_symref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data *d = cb_data;
+	const char *resolves_to;
+	unsigned char junk[20];
+
+	if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		return 0;
+
+	resolves_to = resolve_ref(refname, junk, 0, NULL);
+	if (!resolves_to || strcmp(resolves_to, d->refname))
+		return 0;
+
+	fprintf(d->fp, d->msg_fmt, refname);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
+{
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data data = { fp, refname, msg_fmt };
+	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
+}
+
+static struct ref_list *get_loose_refs(void)
+{
+	if (!cached_refs.did_loose) {
+		cached_refs.loose = get_ref_dir("refs", NULL);
+		cached_refs.did_loose = 1;
+	}
+	return cached_refs.loose;
+}
+
+/* We allow "recursive" symbolic refs. Only within reason, though */
+#define MAXDEPTH 5
+#define MAXREFLEN (1024)
+
+static int resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(char *name, int pathlen, const char *refname, unsigned char *result)
+{
+	FILE *f;
+	struct cached_refs refs;
+	struct ref_list *ref;
+	int retval;
+
+	strcpy(name + pathlen, "packed-refs");
+	f = fopen(name, "r");
+	if (!f)
+		return -1;
+	read_packed_refs(f, &refs);
+	fclose(f);
+	ref = refs.packed;
+	retval = -1;
+	while (ref) {
+		if (!strcmp(ref->name, refname)) {
+			retval = 0;
+			memcpy(result, ref->sha1, 20);
+			break;
+		}
+		ref = ref->next;
+	}
+	free_ref_list(refs.packed);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(char *name, int pathlen, const char *refname, unsigned char *result, int recursion)
+{
+	int fd, len = strlen(refname);
+	char buffer[128], *p;
+
+	if (recursion > MAXDEPTH || len > MAXREFLEN)
+		return -1;
+	memcpy(name + pathlen, refname, len+1);
+	fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(name, pathlen, refname, result);
+
+	len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+	close(fd);
+	if (len < 0)
+		return -1;
+	while (len && isspace(buffer[len-1]))
+		len--;
+	buffer[len] = 0;
+
+	/* Was it a detached head or an old-fashioned symlink? */
+	if (!get_sha1_hex(buffer, result))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Symref? */
+	if (strncmp(buffer, "ref:", 4))
+		return -1;
+	p = buffer + 4;
+	while (isspace(*p))
+		p++;
+
+	return resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(name, pathlen, p, result, recursion+1);
+}
+
+int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *result)
+{
+	int len = strlen(path), retval;
+	char *gitdir;
+	const char *tmp;
+
+	while (len && path[len-1] == '/')
+		len--;
+	if (!len)
+		return -1;
+	gitdir = xmalloc(len + MAXREFLEN + 8);
+	memcpy(gitdir, path, len);
+	memcpy(gitdir + len, "/.git", 6);
+	len += 5;
+
+	tmp = read_gitfile_gently(gitdir);
+	if (tmp) {
+		free(gitdir);
+		len = strlen(tmp);
+		gitdir = xmalloc(len + MAXREFLEN + 3);
+		memcpy(gitdir, tmp, len);
+	}
+	gitdir[len] = '/';
+	gitdir[++len] = '\0';
+	retval = resolve_gitlink_ref_recursive(gitdir, len, refname, result, 0);
+	free(gitdir);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the "reading" argument is set, this function finds out what _object_
+ * the ref points at by "reading" the ref.  The ref, if it is not symbolic,
+ * has to exist, and if it is symbolic, it has to point at an existing ref,
+ * because the "read" goes through the symref to the ref it points at.
+ *
+ * The access that is not "reading" may often be "writing", but does not
+ * have to; it can be merely checking _where it leads to_. If it is a
+ * prelude to "writing" to the ref, a write to a symref that points at
+ * yet-to-be-born ref will create the real ref pointed by the symref.
+ * reading=0 allows the caller to check where such a symref leads to.
+ */
+const char *resolve_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
+{
+	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
+	ssize_t len;
+	char buffer[256];
+	static char ref_buffer[256];
+
+	if (flag)
+		*flag = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		char path[PATH_MAX];
+		struct stat st;
+		char *buf;
+		int fd;
+
+		if (--depth < 0)
+			return NULL;
+
+		git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", ref);
+		/* Special case: non-existing file. */
+		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
+			struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs();
+			while (list) {
+				if (!strcmp(ref, list->name)) {
+					hashcpy(sha1, list->sha1);
+					if (flag)
+						*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
+					return ref;
+				}
+				list = list->next;
+			}
+			if (reading || errno != ENOENT)
+				return NULL;
+			hashclr(sha1);
+			return ref;
+		}
+
+		/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
+		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+			if (len >= 5 && !memcmp("refs/", buffer, 5)) {
+				buffer[len] = 0;
+				strcpy(ref_buffer, buffer);
+				ref = ref_buffer;
+				if (flag)
+					*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Is it a directory? */
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			errno = EISDIR;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Anything else, just open it and try to use it as
+		 * a ref
+		 */
+		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			return NULL;
+		len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
+		close(fd);
+
+		/*
+		 * Is it a symbolic ref?
+		 */
+		if (len < 4 || memcmp("ref:", buffer, 4))
+			break;
+		buf = buffer + 4;
+		len -= 4;
+		while (len && isspace(*buf))
+			buf++, len--;
+		while (len && isspace(buf[len-1]))
+			len--;
+		buf[len] = 0;
+		memcpy(ref_buffer, buf, len + 1);
+		ref = ref_buffer;
+		if (flag)
+			*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+	}
+	if (len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1))
+		return NULL;
+	return ref;
+}
+
+/* The argument to filter_refs */
+struct ref_filter {
+	const char *pattern;
+	each_ref_fn *fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+};
+
+int read_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, NULL))
+		return 0;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 01
+static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
+		      int flags, void *cb_data, struct ref_list *entry)
+{
+	if (strncmp(base, entry->name, trim))
+		return 0;
+	/* Is this a "negative ref" that represents a deleted ref? */
+	if (is_null_sha1(entry->sha1))
+		return 0;
+	if (!(flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN)) {
+		if (!has_sha1_file(entry->sha1)) {
+			error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	current_ref = entry;
+	return fn(entry->name + trim, entry->sha1, entry->flag, cb_data);
+}
+
+static int filter_refs(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha, int flags,
+	void *data)
+{
+	struct ref_filter *filter = (struct ref_filter *)data;
+	if (fnmatch(filter->pattern, ref, 0))
+		return 0;
+	return filter->fn(ref, sha, flags, filter->cb_data);
+}
+
+int peel_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int flag;
+	unsigned char base[20];
+	struct object *o;
+
+	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == ref
+		|| !strcmp(current_ref->name, ref))) {
+		if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+			hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->peeled);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		hashcpy(base, current_ref->sha1);
+		goto fallback;
+	}
+
+	if (!resolve_ref(ref, base, 1, &flag))
+		return -1;
+
+	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
+		struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs();
+
+		while (list) {
+			if (!strcmp(list->name, ref)) {
+				if (list->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+					hashcpy(sha1, list->peeled);
+					return 0;
+				}
+				/* older pack-refs did not leave peeled ones */
+				break;
+			}
+			list = list->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+fallback:
+	o = parse_object(base);
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, ref, 0);
+		if (o) {
+			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int do_for_each_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
+			   int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int retval = 0;
+	struct ref_list *packed = get_packed_refs();
+	struct ref_list *loose = get_loose_refs();
+
+	struct ref_list *extra;
+
+	for (extra = extra_refs; extra; extra = extra->next)
+		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, extra);
+
+	while (packed && loose) {
+		struct ref_list *entry;
+		int cmp = strcmp(packed->name, loose->name);
+		if (!cmp) {
+			packed = packed->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			entry = loose;
+			loose = loose->next;
+		} else {
+			entry = packed;
+			packed = packed->next;
+		}
+		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, entry);
+		if (retval)
+			goto end_each;
+	}
+
+	for (packed = packed ? packed : loose; packed; packed = packed->next) {
+		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, packed);
+		if (retval)
+			goto end_each;
+	}
+
+end_each:
+	current_ref = NULL;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+
+	if (resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 1, &flag))
+		return fn("HEAD", sha1, flag, cb_data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in("refs/tags/", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in("refs/heads/", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in("refs/remotes/", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern,
+	const char *prefix, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf real_pattern = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_filter filter;
+	const char *has_glob_specials;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!prefix && prefixcmp(pattern, "refs/"))
+		strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, "refs/");
+	else if (prefix)
+		strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, prefix);
+	strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, pattern);
+
+	has_glob_specials = strpbrk(pattern, "?*[");
+	if (!has_glob_specials) {
+		/* Append impiled '/' '*' if not present. */
+		if (real_pattern.buf[real_pattern.len - 1] != '/')
+			strbuf_addch(&real_pattern, '/');
+		/* No need to check for '*', there is none. */
+		strbuf_addch(&real_pattern, '*');
+	}
+
+	filter.pattern = real_pattern.buf;
+	filter.fn = fn;
+	filter.cb_data = cb_data;
+	ret = for_each_ref(filter_refs, &filter);
+
+	strbuf_release(&real_pattern);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_glob_ref_in(fn, pattern, NULL, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref("refs/", fn, 0,
+			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure "ref" is something reasonable to have under ".git/refs/";
+ * We do not like it if:
+ *
+ * - any path component of it begins with ".", or
+ * - it has double dots "..", or
+ * - it has ASCII control character, "~", "^", ":" or SP, anywhere, or
+ * - it ends with a "/".
+ * - it ends with ".lock"
+ * - it contains a "\" (backslash)
+ */
+
+static inline int bad_ref_char(int ch)
+{
+	if (((unsigned) ch) <= ' ' ||
+	    ch == '~' || ch == '^' || ch == ':' || ch == '\\')
+		return 1;
+	/* 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation */
+	if (ch == '?' || ch == '[') /* Unsupported */
+		return 1;
+	if (ch == '*') /* Supported at the end */
+		return 2;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int check_ref_format(const char *ref)
+{
+	int ch, level, bad_type, last;
+	int ret = CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK;
+	const char *cp = ref;
+
+	level = 0;
+	while (1) {
+		while ((ch = *cp++) == '/')
+			; /* tolerate duplicated slashes */
+		if (!ch)
+			/* should not end with slashes */
+			return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+
+		/* we are at the beginning of the path component */
+		if (ch == '.')
+			return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+		bad_type = bad_ref_char(ch);
+		if (bad_type) {
+			if (bad_type == 2 && (!*cp || *cp == '/') &&
+			    ret == CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK)
+				ret = CHECK_REF_FORMAT_WILDCARD;
+			else
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		last = ch;
+		/* scan the rest of the path component */
+		while ((ch = *cp++) != 0) {
+			bad_type = bad_ref_char(ch);
+			if (bad_type)
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+			if (ch == '/')
+				break;
+			if (last == '.' && ch == '.')
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+			if (last == '@' && ch == '{')
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+			last = ch;
+		}
+		level++;
+		if (!ch) {
+			if (ref <= cp - 2 && cp[-2] == '.')
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+			if (level < 2)
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL;
+			if (has_extension(ref, ".lock"))
+				return CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR;
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+const char *prettify_refname(const char *name)
+{
+	return name + (
+		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") ? 11 :
+		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/") ? 10 :
+		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/remotes/") ? 13 :
+		0);
+}
+
+const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
+	"%.*s",
+	"refs/%.*s",
+	"refs/tags/%.*s",
+	"refs/heads/%.*s",
+	"refs/remotes/%.*s",
+	"refs/remotes/%.*s/HEAD",
+	NULL
+};
+
+const char *ref_fetch_rules[] = {
+	"%.*s",
+	"refs/%.*s",
+	"refs/heads/%.*s",
+	NULL
+};
+
+int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules)
+{
+	const char **p;
+	const int abbrev_name_len = strlen(abbrev_name);
+
+	for (p = rules; *p; p++) {
+		if (!strcmp(full_name, mkpath(*p, abbrev_name_len, abbrev_name))) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct ref_lock *verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
+	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
+{
+	if (!resolve_ref(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, NULL)) {
+		error("Can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_name);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
+		error("Ref %s is at %s but expected %s", lock->ref_name,
+			sha1_to_hex(lock->old_sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return lock;
+}
+
+static int remove_empty_directories(const char *file)
+{
+	/* we want to create a file but there is a directory there;
+	 * if that is an empty directory (or a directory that contains
+	 * only empty directories), remove them.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf path;
+	int result;
+
+	strbuf_init(&path, 20);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, file);
+
+	result = remove_dir_recursively(&path, REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
+
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int is_refname_available(const char *ref, const char *oldref,
+				struct ref_list *list, int quiet)
+{
+	int namlen = strlen(ref); /* e.g. 'foo/bar' */
+	while (list) {
+		/* list->name could be 'foo' or 'foo/bar/baz' */
+		if (!oldref || strcmp(oldref, list->name)) {
+			int len = strlen(list->name);
+			int cmplen = (namlen < len) ? namlen : len;
+			const char *lead = (namlen < len) ? list->name : ref;
+			if (!strncmp(ref, list->name, cmplen) &&
+			    lead[cmplen] == '/') {
+				if (!quiet)
+					error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
+					      list->name, ref);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags, int *type_p)
+{
+	char *ref_file;
+	const char *orig_ref = ref;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int last_errno = 0;
+	int type, lflags;
+	int mustexist = (old_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1));
+	int missing = 0;
+
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_lock));
+	lock->lock_fd = -1;
+
+	ref = resolve_ref(ref, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, &type);
+	if (!ref && errno == EISDIR) {
+		/* we are trying to lock foo but we used to
+		 * have foo/bar which now does not exist;
+		 * it is normal for the empty directory 'foo'
+		 * to remain.
+		 */
+		ref_file = git_path("%s", orig_ref);
+		if (remove_empty_directories(ref_file)) {
+			last_errno = errno;
+			error("there are still refs under '%s'", orig_ref);
+			goto error_return;
+		}
+		ref = resolve_ref(orig_ref, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, &type);
+	}
+	if (type_p)
+	    *type_p = type;
+	if (!ref) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		error("unable to resolve reference %s: %s",
+			orig_ref, strerror(errno));
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	missing = is_null_sha1(lock->old_sha1);
+	/* When the ref did not exist and we are creating it,
+	 * make sure there is no existing ref that is packed
+	 * whose name begins with our refname, nor a ref whose
+	 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
+	 */
+	if (missing &&
+	     !is_refname_available(ref, NULL, get_packed_refs(), 0)) {
+		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+
+	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	lflags = LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR;
+	if (flags & REF_NODEREF) {
+		ref = orig_ref;
+		lflags |= LOCK_NODEREF;
+	}
+	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(ref);
+	lock->orig_ref_name = xstrdup(orig_ref);
+	ref_file = git_path("%s", ref);
+	if (missing)
+		lock->force_write = 1;
+	if ((flags & REF_NODEREF) && (type & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		lock->force_write = 1;
+
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(ref_file)) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		error("unable to create directory for %s", ref_file);
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+
+	lock->lock_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock->lk, ref_file, lflags);
+	return old_sha1 ? verify_lock(lock, old_sha1, mustexist) : lock;
+
+ error_return:
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	errno = last_errno;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
+{
+	char refpath[PATH_MAX];
+	if (check_ref_format(ref))
+		return NULL;
+	strcpy(refpath, mkpath("refs/%s", ref));
+	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refpath, old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags)
+{
+	switch (check_ref_format(ref)) {
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	case 0:
+	case CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL:
+		return lock_ref_sha1_basic(ref, old_sha1, flags, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct lock_file packlock;
+
+static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct ref_list *list, *packed_ref_list;
+	int fd;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	packed_ref_list = get_packed_refs();
+	for (list = packed_ref_list; list; list = list->next) {
+		if (!strcmp(refname, list->name)) {
+			found = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found)
+		return 0;
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
+		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
+	}
+
+	for (list = packed_ref_list; list; list = list->next) {
+		char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
+		int len;
+
+		if (!strcmp(refname, list->name))
+			continue;
+		len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
+			       sha1_to_hex(list->sha1), list->name);
+		/* this should not happen but just being defensive */
+		if (len > sizeof(line))
+			die("too long a refname '%s'", list->name);
+		write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+	}
+	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
+}
+
+int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
+{
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int err, i = 0, ret = 0, flag = 0;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	if (!lock)
+		return 1;
+	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		/* loose */
+		const char *path;
+
+		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF)) {
+			i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
+			lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
+			path = lock->lk->filename;
+		} else {
+			path = git_path("%s", refname);
+		}
+		err = unlink_or_warn(path);
+		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
+			ret = 1;
+
+		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF))
+			lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+	}
+	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
+	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
+	 * without it.
+	 */
+	ret |= repack_without_ref(refname);
+
+	unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
+	invalidate_cached_refs();
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
+{
+	static const char renamed_ref[] = "RENAMED-REF";
+	unsigned char sha1[20], orig_sha1[20];
+	int flag = 0, logmoved = 0;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct stat loginfo;
+	int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldref), &loginfo);
+	const char *symref = NULL;
+
+	if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
+		return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldref);
+
+	symref = resolve_ref(oldref, orig_sha1, 1, &flag);
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return error("refname %s is a symbolic ref, renaming it is not supported",
+			oldref);
+	if (!symref)
+		return error("refname %s not found", oldref);
+
+	if (!is_refname_available(newref, oldref, get_packed_refs(), 0))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!is_refname_available(newref, oldref, get_loose_refs(), 0))
+		return 1;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(renamed_ref, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (!lock)
+		return error("unable to lock %s", renamed_ref);
+	lock->force_write = 1;
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, logmsg))
+		return error("unable to save current sha1 in %s", renamed_ref);
+
+	if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldref), git_path("tmp-renamed-log")))
+		return error("unable to move logfile logs/%s to tmp-renamed-log: %s",
+			oldref, strerror(errno));
+
+	if (delete_ref(oldref, orig_sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
+		error("unable to delete old %s", oldref);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+
+	if (resolve_ref(newref, sha1, 1, &flag) && delete_ref(newref, sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
+		if (errno==EISDIR) {
+			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("%s", newref))) {
+				error("Directory not empty: %s", newref);
+				goto rollback;
+			}
+		} else {
+			error("unable to delete existing %s", newref);
+			goto rollback;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (log && safe_create_leading_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newref))) {
+		error("unable to create directory for %s", newref);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+
+ retry:
+	if (log && rename(git_path("tmp-renamed-log"), git_path("logs/%s", newref))) {
+		if (errno==EISDIR || errno==ENOTDIR) {
+			/*
+			 * rename(a, b) when b is an existing
+			 * directory ought to result in ISDIR, but
+			 * Solaris 5.8 gives ENOTDIR.  Sheesh.
+			 */
+			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newref))) {
+				error("Directory not empty: logs/%s", newref);
+				goto rollback;
+			}
+			goto retry;
+		} else {
+			error("unable to move logfile tmp-renamed-log to logs/%s: %s",
+				newref, strerror(errno));
+			goto rollback;
+		}
+	}
+	logmoved = log;
+
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(newref, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (!lock) {
+		error("unable to lock %s for update", newref);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+	lock->force_write = 1;
+	hashcpy(lock->old_sha1, orig_sha1);
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, logmsg)) {
+		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s", newref);
+		goto rollback;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+ rollback:
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(oldref, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (!lock) {
+		error("unable to lock %s for rollback", oldref);
+		goto rollbacklog;
+	}
+
+	lock->force_write = 1;
+	flag = log_all_ref_updates;
+	log_all_ref_updates = 0;
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, NULL))
+		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s", oldref);
+	log_all_ref_updates = flag;
+
+ rollbacklog:
+	if (logmoved && rename(git_path("logs/%s", newref), git_path("logs/%s", oldref)))
+		error("unable to restore logfile %s from %s: %s",
+			oldref, newref, strerror(errno));
+	if (!logmoved && log &&
+	    rename(git_path("tmp-renamed-log"), git_path("logs/%s", oldref)))
+		error("unable to restore logfile %s from tmp-renamed-log: %s",
+			oldref, strerror(errno));
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	if (close_lock_file(lock->lk))
+		return -1;
+	lock->lock_fd = -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	if (commit_lock_file(lock->lk))
+		return -1;
+	lock->lock_fd = -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	/* Do not free lock->lk -- atexit() still looks at them */
+	if (lock->lk)
+		rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
+	free(lock->ref_name);
+	free(lock->orig_ref_name);
+	free(lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * copy the reflog message msg to buf, which has been allocated sufficiently
+ * large, while cleaning up the whitespaces.  Especially, convert LF to space,
+ * because reflog file is one line per entry.
+ */
+static int copy_msg(char *buf, const char *msg)
+{
+	char *cp = buf;
+	char c;
+	int wasspace = 1;
+
+	*cp++ = '\t';
+	while ((c = *msg++)) {
+		if (wasspace && isspace(c))
+			continue;
+		wasspace = isspace(c);
+		if (wasspace)
+			c = ' ';
+		*cp++ = c;
+	}
+	while (buf < cp && isspace(cp[-1]))
+		cp--;
+	*cp++ = '\n';
+	return cp - buf;
+}
+
+static int log_ref_write(const char *ref_name, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			 const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg)
+{
+	int logfd, written, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
+	unsigned maxlen, len;
+	int msglen;
+	char log_file[PATH_MAX];
+	char *logrec;
+	const char *committer;
+
+	if (log_all_ref_updates < 0)
+		log_all_ref_updates = !is_bare_repository();
+
+	git_snpath(log_file, sizeof(log_file), "logs/%s", ref_name);
+
+	if (log_all_ref_updates &&
+	    (!prefixcmp(ref_name, "refs/heads/") ||
+	     !prefixcmp(ref_name, "refs/remotes/") ||
+	     !strcmp(ref_name, "HEAD"))) {
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories(log_file) < 0)
+			return error("unable to create directory for %s",
+				     log_file);
+		oflags |= O_CREAT;
+	}
+
+	logfd = open(log_file, oflags, 0666);
+	if (logfd < 0) {
+		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+
+		if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EISDIR) {
+			if (remove_empty_directories(log_file)) {
+				return error("There are still logs under '%s'",
+					     log_file);
+			}
+			logfd = open(log_file, oflags, 0666);
+		}
+
+		if (logfd < 0)
+			return error("Unable to append to %s: %s",
+				     log_file, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	adjust_shared_perm(log_file);
+
+	msglen = msg ? strlen(msg) : 0;
+	committer = git_committer_info(0);
+	maxlen = strlen(committer) + msglen + 100;
+	logrec = xmalloc(maxlen);
+	len = sprintf(logrec, "%s %s %s\n",
+		      sha1_to_hex(old_sha1),
+		      sha1_to_hex(new_sha1),
+		      committer);
+	if (msglen)
+		len += copy_msg(logrec + len - 1, msg) - 1;
+	written = len <= maxlen ? write_in_full(logfd, logrec, len) : -1;
+	free(logrec);
+	if (close(logfd) != 0 || written != len)
+		return error("Unable to append to %s", log_file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_branch(const char *refname)
+{
+	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
+}
+
+int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
+	const unsigned char *sha1, const char *logmsg)
+{
+	static char term = '\n';
+	struct object *o;
+
+	if (!lock)
+		return -1;
+	if (!lock->force_write && !hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, sha1)) {
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!o) {
+		error("Trying to write ref %s with nonexistant object %s",
+			lock->ref_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(lock->ref_name)) {
+		error("Trying to write non-commit object %s to branch %s",
+			sha1_to_hex(sha1), lock->ref_name);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40) != 40 ||
+	    write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, &term, 1) != 1
+		|| close_ref(lock) < 0) {
+		error("Couldn't write %s", lock->lk->filename);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	invalidate_cached_refs();
+	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
+	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
+	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (strcmp(lock->orig_ref_name, "HEAD") != 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Special hack: If a branch is updated directly and HEAD
+		 * points to it (may happen on the remote side of a push
+		 * for example) then logically the HEAD reflog should be
+		 * updated too.
+		 * A generic solution implies reverse symref information,
+		 * but finding all symrefs pointing to the given branch
+		 * would be rather costly for this rare event (the direct
+		 * update of a branch) to be worth it.  So let's cheat and
+		 * check with HEAD only which should cover 99% of all usage
+		 * scenarios (even 100% of the default ones).
+		 */
+		unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+		int head_flag;
+		const char *head_ref;
+		head_ref = resolve_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, &head_flag);
+		if (head_ref && (head_flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+		    !strcmp(head_ref, lock->ref_name))
+			log_ref_write("HEAD", lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg);
+	}
+	if (commit_ref(lock)) {
+		error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master,
+		  const char *logmsg)
+{
+	const char *lockpath;
+	char ref[1000];
+	int fd, len, written;
+	char *git_HEAD = git_pathdup("%s", ref_target);
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
+
+	if (logmsg && read_ref(ref_target, old_sha1))
+		hashclr(old_sha1);
+
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(git_HEAD) < 0)
+		return error("unable to create directory for %s", git_HEAD);
+
+#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
+	if (prefer_symlink_refs) {
+		unlink(git_HEAD);
+		if (!symlink(refs_heads_master, git_HEAD))
+			goto done;
+		fprintf(stderr, "no symlink - falling back to symbolic ref\n");
+	}
+#endif
+
+	len = snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "ref: %s\n", refs_heads_master);
+	if (sizeof(ref) <= len) {
+		error("refname too long: %s", refs_heads_master);
+		goto error_free_return;
+	}
+	lockpath = mkpath("%s.lock", git_HEAD);
+	fd = open(lockpath, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		error("Unable to open %s for writing", lockpath);
+		goto error_free_return;
+	}
+	written = write_in_full(fd, ref, len);
+	if (close(fd) != 0 || written != len) {
+		error("Unable to write to %s", lockpath);
+		goto error_unlink_return;
+	}
+	if (rename(lockpath, git_HEAD) < 0) {
+		error("Unable to create %s", git_HEAD);
+		goto error_unlink_return;
+	}
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(git_HEAD)) {
+		error("Unable to fix permissions on %s", lockpath);
+	error_unlink_return:
+		unlink_or_warn(lockpath);
+	error_free_return:
+		free(git_HEAD);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+#ifndef NO_SYMLINK_HEAD
+	done:
+#endif
+	if (logmsg && !read_ref(refs_heads_master, new_sha1))
+		log_ref_write(ref_target, old_sha1, new_sha1, logmsg);
+
+	free(git_HEAD);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *ref_msg(const char *line, const char *endp)
+{
+	const char *ep;
+	line += 82;
+	ep = memchr(line, '\n', endp - line);
+	if (!ep)
+		ep = endp;
+	return xmemdupz(line, ep - line);
+}
+
+int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, int cnt, unsigned char *sha1, char **msg, unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt)
+{
+	const char *logfile, *logdata, *logend, *rec, *lastgt, *lastrec;
+	char *tz_c;
+	int logfd, tz, reccnt = 0;
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned long date;
+	unsigned char logged_sha1[20];
+	void *log_mapped;
+	size_t mapsz;
+
+	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", ref);
+	logfd = open(logfile, O_RDONLY, 0);
+	if (logfd < 0)
+		die_errno("Unable to read log '%s'", logfile);
+	fstat(logfd, &st);
+	if (!st.st_size)
+		die("Log %s is empty.", logfile);
+	mapsz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	log_mapped = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, logfd, 0);
+	logdata = log_mapped;
+	close(logfd);
+
+	lastrec = NULL;
+	rec = logend = logdata + st.st_size;
+	while (logdata < rec) {
+		reccnt++;
+		if (logdata < rec && *(rec-1) == '\n')
+			rec--;
+		lastgt = NULL;
+		while (logdata < rec && *(rec-1) != '\n') {
+			rec--;
+			if (*rec == '>')
+				lastgt = rec;
+		}
+		if (!lastgt)
+			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+		date = strtoul(lastgt + 1, &tz_c, 10);
+		if (date <= at_time || cnt == 0) {
+			tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
+			if (msg)
+				*msg = ref_msg(rec, logend);
+			if (cutoff_time)
+				*cutoff_time = date;
+			if (cutoff_tz)
+				*cutoff_tz = tz;
+			if (cutoff_cnt)
+				*cutoff_cnt = reccnt - 1;
+			if (lastrec) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(lastrec, logged_sha1))
+					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
+					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
+					warning("Log %s has gap after %s.",
+						logfile, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+				}
+			}
+			else if (date == at_time) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
+					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+			}
+			else {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, logged_sha1))
+					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
+					warning("Log %s unexpectedly ended on %s.",
+						logfile, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+				}
+			}
+			munmap(log_mapped, mapsz);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		lastrec = rec;
+		if (cnt > 0)
+			cnt--;
+	}
+
+	rec = logdata;
+	while (rec < logend && *rec != '>' && *rec != '\n')
+		rec++;
+	if (rec == logend || *rec == '\n')
+		die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+	date = strtoul(rec + 1, &tz_c, 10);
+	tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
+	if (get_sha1_hex(logdata, sha1))
+		die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(logdata + 41, sha1))
+			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
+	}
+	if (msg)
+		*msg = ref_msg(logdata, logend);
+	munmap(log_mapped, mapsz);
+
+	if (cutoff_time)
+		*cutoff_time = date;
+	if (cutoff_tz)
+		*cutoff_tz = tz;
+	if (cutoff_cnt)
+		*cutoff_cnt = reccnt;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *ref, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long ofs, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char *logfile;
+	FILE *logfp;
+	char buf[1024];
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", ref);
+	logfp = fopen(logfile, "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (ofs) {
+		struct stat statbuf;
+		if (fstat(fileno(logfp), &statbuf) ||
+		    statbuf.st_size < ofs ||
+		    fseek(logfp, -ofs, SEEK_END) ||
+		    fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), logfp)) {
+			fclose(logfp);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), logfp)) {
+		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+		char *email_end, *message;
+		unsigned long timestamp;
+		int len, tz;
+
+		/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
+		len = strlen(buf);
+		if (len < 83 || buf[len-1] != '\n' ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(buf, osha1) || buf[40] != ' ' ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(buf + 41, nsha1) || buf[81] != ' ' ||
+		    !(email_end = strchr(buf + 82, '>')) ||
+		    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
+		    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
+		    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
+		    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
+		    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
+		    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
+			continue; /* corrupt? */
+		email_end[1] = '\0';
+		tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
+		if (message[6] != '\t')
+			message += 6;
+		else
+			message += 7;
+		ret = fn(osha1, nsha1, buf+82, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+	}
+	fclose(logfp);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *ref, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_recent_reflog_ent(ref, fn, 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+static int do_for_each_reflog(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("logs/%s", base));
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	if (dir) {
+		struct dirent *de;
+		int baselen = strlen(base);
+		char *log = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
+
+		memcpy(log, base, baselen);
+		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
+			log[baselen++] = '/';
+
+		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			struct stat st;
+			int namelen;
+
+			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+				continue;
+			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
+			if (namelen > 255)
+				continue;
+			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+				continue;
+			memcpy(log + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
+			if (stat(git_path("logs/%s", log), &st) < 0)
+				continue;
+			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				retval = do_for_each_reflog(log, fn, cb_data);
+			} else {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				if (!resolve_ref(log, sha1, 0, NULL))
+					retval = error("bad ref for %s", log);
+				else
+					retval = fn(log, sha1, 0, cb_data);
+			}
+			if (retval)
+				break;
+		}
+		free(log);
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+	else if (*base)
+		return errno;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_reflog("", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
+		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
+		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	static struct ref_lock *lock;
+	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags);
+	if (!lock) {
+		const char *str = "Cannot lock the ref '%s'.";
+		switch (onerr) {
+		case MSG_ON_ERR: error(str, refname); break;
+		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
+		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, action) < 0) {
+		const char *str = "Cannot update the ref '%s'.";
+		switch (onerr) {
+		case MSG_ON_ERR: error(str, refname); break;
+		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
+		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
+			return (struct ref *)list;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * generate a format suitable for scanf from a ref_rev_parse_rules
+ * rule, that is replace the "%.*s" spec with a "%s" spec
+ */
+static void gen_scanf_fmt(char *scanf_fmt, const char *rule)
+{
+	char *spec;
+
+	spec = strstr(rule, "%.*s");
+	if (!spec || strstr(spec + 4, "%.*s"))
+		die("invalid rule in ref_rev_parse_rules: %s", rule);
+
+	/* copy all until spec */
+	strncpy(scanf_fmt, rule, spec - rule);
+	scanf_fmt[spec - rule] = '\0';
+	/* copy new spec */
+	strcat(scanf_fmt, "%s");
+	/* copy remaining rule */
+	strcat(scanf_fmt, spec + 4);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *ref, int strict)
+{
+	int i;
+	static char **scanf_fmts;
+	static int nr_rules;
+	char *short_name;
+
+	/* pre generate scanf formats from ref_rev_parse_rules[] */
+	if (!nr_rules) {
+		size_t total_len = 0;
+
+		/* the rule list is NULL terminated, count them first */
+		for (; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
+			/* no +1 because strlen("%s") < strlen("%.*s") */
+			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]);
+
+		scanf_fmts = xmalloc(nr_rules * sizeof(char *) + total_len);
+
+		total_len = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_rules; i++) {
+			scanf_fmts[i] = (char *)&scanf_fmts[nr_rules]
+					+ total_len;
+			gen_scanf_fmt(scanf_fmts[i], ref_rev_parse_rules[i]);
+			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* bail out if there are no rules */
+	if (!nr_rules)
+		return xstrdup(ref);
+
+	/* buffer for scanf result, at most ref must fit */
+	short_name = xstrdup(ref);
+
+	/* skip first rule, it will always match */
+	for (i = nr_rules - 1; i > 0 ; --i) {
+		int j;
+		int rules_to_fail = i;
+		int short_name_len;
+
+		if (1 != sscanf(ref, scanf_fmts[i], short_name))
+			continue;
+
+		short_name_len = strlen(short_name);
+
+		/*
+		 * in strict mode, all (except the matched one) rules
+		 * must fail to resolve to a valid non-ambiguous ref
+		 */
+		if (strict)
+			rules_to_fail = nr_rules;
+
+		/*
+		 * check if the short name resolves to a valid ref,
+		 * but use only rules prior to the matched one
+		 */
+		for (j = 0; j < rules_to_fail; j++) {
+			const char *rule = ref_rev_parse_rules[j];
+			unsigned char short_objectname[20];
+			char refname[PATH_MAX];
+
+			/* skip matched rule */
+			if (i == j)
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * the short name is ambiguous, if it resolves
+			 * (with this previous rule) to a valid ref
+			 * read_ref() returns 0 on success
+			 */
+			mksnpath(refname, sizeof(refname),
+				 rule, short_name_len, short_name);
+			if (!read_ref(refname, short_objectname))
+				break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * short name is non-ambiguous if all previous rules
+		 * haven't resolved to a valid ref
+		 */
+		if (j == rules_to_fail)
+			return short_name;
+	}
+
+	free(short_name);
+	return xstrdup(ref);
+}
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7648b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#ifndef REFS_H
+#define REFS_H
+
+struct ref_lock {
+	char *ref_name;
+	char *orig_ref_name;
+	struct lock_file *lk;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int lock_fd;
+	int force_write;
+};
+
+#define REF_ISSYMREF 01
+#define REF_ISPACKED 02
+
+/*
+ * Calls the specified function for each ref file until it returns nonzero,
+ * and returns the value
+ */
+typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
+extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_ref_in(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn, const char *pattern, void *);
+extern int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn, const char *pattern, const char* prefix, void *);
+
+/* can be used to learn about broken ref and symref */
+extern int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn, void *);
+
+extern void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname);
+
+/*
+ * Extra refs will be listed by for_each_ref() before any actual refs
+ * for the duration of this process or until clear_extra_refs() is
+ * called. Only extra refs added before for_each_ref() is called will
+ * be listed on a given call of for_each_ref().
+ */
+extern void add_extra_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags);
+extern void clear_extra_refs(void);
+
+extern int peel_ref(const char *, unsigned char *);
+
+/** Locks a "refs/" ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure. **/
+extern struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
+
+/** Locks any ref (for 'HEAD' type refs). */
+#define REF_NODEREF	0x01
+extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *ref, const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags);
+
+/** Close the file descriptor owned by a lock and return the status */
+extern int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+
+/** Close and commit the ref locked by the lock */
+extern int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+
+/** Release any lock taken but not written. **/
+extern void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+
+/** Writes sha1 into the ref specified by the lock. **/
+extern int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *msg);
+
+/** Reads log for the value of ref during at_time. **/
+extern int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, int cnt, unsigned char *sha1, char **msg, unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt);
+
+/* iterate over reflog entries */
+typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1, const char *, unsigned long, int, const char *, void *);
+int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *ref, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *ref, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Calls the specified function for each reflog file until it returns nonzero,
+ * and returns the value
+ */
+extern int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn, void *);
+
+#define CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK 0
+#define CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ERROR (-1)
+#define CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL (-2)
+#define CHECK_REF_FORMAT_WILDCARD (-3)
+extern int check_ref_format(const char *target);
+
+extern const char *prettify_refname(const char *refname);
+extern char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *ref, int strict);
+
+/** rename ref, return 0 on success **/
+extern int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg);
+
+/** resolve ref in nested "gitlink" repository */
+extern int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *name, const char *refname, unsigned char *result);
+
+/** lock a ref and then write its file */
+enum action_on_err { MSG_ON_ERR, DIE_ON_ERR, QUIET_ON_ERR };
+int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
+		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
+		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
+
+#endif /* REFS_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a904164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "walker.h"
+#include "http.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+
+static struct remote *remote;
+static const char *url;
+static struct walker *walker;
+
+struct options {
+	int verbosity;
+	unsigned long depth;
+	unsigned progress : 1,
+		followtags : 1,
+		dry_run : 1,
+		thin : 1;
+};
+static struct options options;
+
+static void init_walker(void)
+{
+	if (!walker)
+		walker = get_http_walker(url, remote);
+}
+
+static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(name, "verbosity")) {
+		char *end;
+		int v = strtol(value, &end, 10);
+		if (value == end || *end)
+			return -1;
+		options.verbosity = v;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "progress")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.progress = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.progress = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "depth")) {
+		char *end;
+		unsigned long v = strtoul(value, &end, 10);
+		if (value == end || *end)
+			return -1;
+		options.depth = v;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "followtags")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.followtags = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.followtags = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "dry-run")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.dry_run = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.dry_run = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		return 1 /* unsupported */;
+	}
+}
+
+struct discovery {
+	const char *service;
+	char *buf_alloc;
+	char *buf;
+	size_t len;
+	unsigned proto_git : 1;
+};
+static struct discovery *last_discovery;
+
+static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
+{
+	if (d) {
+		if (d == last_discovery)
+			last_discovery = NULL;
+		free(d->buf_alloc);
+		free(d);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
+{
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
+	char *refs_url;
+	int http_ret, is_http = 0, proto_git_candidate = 1;
+
+	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
+		return last;
+	free_discovery(last);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%s/info/refs", url);
+	if (!prefixcmp(url, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url, "https://")) {
+		is_http = 1;
+		if (!strchr(url, '?'))
+			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '?');
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '&');
+		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "service=%s", service);
+	}
+	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
+
+	init_walker();
+	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+
+	/* try again with "plain" url (no ? or & appended) */
+	if (http_ret != HTTP_OK) {
+		free(refs_url);
+		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
+
+		proto_git_candidate = 0;
+		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%s/info/refs", url);
+		refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
+
+		http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	}
+
+	switch (http_ret) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+		break;
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
+		    " server?", refs_url);
+	default:
+		http_error(refs_url, http_ret);
+		die("HTTP request failed");
+	}
+
+	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
+	last->service = service;
+	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
+	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
+
+	if (is_http && proto_git_candidate
+		&& 5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') {
+		/* smart HTTP response; validate that the service
+		 * pkt-line matches our request.
+		 */
+		struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) <= 0)
+			die("%s has invalid packet header", refs_url);
+		if (buffer.len && buffer.buf[buffer.len - 1] == '\n')
+			strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len - 1);
+
+		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
+		if (strbuf_cmp(&exp, &buffer))
+			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", buffer.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&exp);
+
+		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
+		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
+		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
+		 */
+		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
+		while (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) > 0)
+			strbuf_reset(&buffer);
+
+		last->proto_git = 1;
+	}
+
+	free(refs_url);
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	last_discovery = last;
+	return last;
+}
+
+static int write_discovery(int fd, void *data)
+{
+	struct discovery *heads = data;
+	int err = 0;
+	if (write_in_full(fd, heads->buf, heads->len) != heads->len)
+		err = 1;
+	close(fd);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads)
+{
+	struct ref *list = NULL;
+	struct async async;
+
+	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
+	async.proc = write_discovery;
+	async.data = heads;
+
+	if (start_async(&async))
+		die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
+	get_remote_heads(async.out, &list, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	close(async.out);
+	if (finish_async(&async))
+		die("ref parsing thread failed");
+	return list;
+}
+
+static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
+{
+	char *data, *start, *mid;
+	char *ref_name;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	struct ref *refs = NULL;
+	struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	struct ref *last_ref = NULL;
+
+	data = heads->buf;
+	start = NULL;
+	mid = data;
+	while (i < heads->len) {
+		if (!start) {
+			start = &data[i];
+		}
+		if (data[i] == '\t')
+			mid = &data[i];
+		if (data[i] == '\n') {
+			data[i] = 0;
+			ref_name = mid + 1;
+			ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) +
+				      strlen(ref_name) + 1);
+			memset(ref, 0, sizeof(struct ref));
+			strcpy(ref->name, ref_name);
+			get_sha1_hex(start, ref->old_sha1);
+			if (!refs)
+				refs = ref;
+			if (last_ref)
+				last_ref->next = ref;
+			last_ref = ref;
+			start = NULL;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	init_walker();
+	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
+	if (!walker->fetch_ref(walker, ref) &&
+	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
+		ref->next = refs;
+		refs = ref;
+	} else {
+		free(ref);
+	}
+
+	return refs;
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_refs(int for_push)
+{
+	struct discovery *heads;
+
+	if (for_push)
+		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	else
+		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+
+	if (heads->proto_git)
+		return parse_git_refs(heads);
+	return parse_info_refs(heads);
+}
+
+static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *posn;
+	for (posn = refs; posn; posn = posn->next) {
+		if (posn->symref)
+			printf("@%s %s\n", posn->symref, posn->name);
+		else
+			printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(posn->old_sha1), posn->name);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+	free_refs(refs);
+}
+
+struct rpc_state {
+	const char *service_name;
+	const char **argv;
+	char *service_url;
+	char *hdr_content_type;
+	char *hdr_accept;
+	char *buf;
+	size_t alloc;
+	size_t len;
+	size_t pos;
+	int in;
+	int out;
+	struct strbuf result;
+	unsigned gzip_request : 1;
+	unsigned initial_buffer : 1;
+};
+
+static size_t rpc_out(void *ptr, size_t eltsize,
+		size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
+{
+	size_t max = eltsize * nmemb;
+	struct rpc_state *rpc = buffer_;
+	size_t avail = rpc->len - rpc->pos;
+
+	if (!avail) {
+		rpc->initial_buffer = 0;
+		avail = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		if (!avail)
+			return 0;
+		rpc->pos = 0;
+		rpc->len = avail;
+	}
+
+	if (max < avail)
+		avail = max;
+	memcpy(ptr, rpc->buf + rpc->pos, avail);
+	rpc->pos += avail;
+	return avail;
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+static curlioerr rpc_ioctl(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp)
+{
+	struct rpc_state *rpc = clientp;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case CURLIOCMD_NOP:
+		return CURLIOE_OK;
+
+	case CURLIOCMD_RESTARTREAD:
+		if (rpc->initial_buffer) {
+			rpc->pos = 0;
+			return CURLIOE_OK;
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to rewind rpc post data - try increasing http.postBuffer\n");
+		return CURLIOE_FAILRESTART;
+
+	default:
+		return CURLIOE_UNKNOWNCMD;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static size_t rpc_in(const void *ptr, size_t eltsize,
+		size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
+{
+	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
+	struct rpc_state *rpc = buffer_;
+	write_or_die(rpc->in, ptr, size);
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
+{
+	struct active_request_slot *slot;
+	struct slot_results results;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	int use_gzip = rpc->gzip_request;
+	char *gzip_body = NULL;
+	int err = 0, large_request = 0;
+
+	/* Try to load the entire request, if we can fit it into the
+	 * allocated buffer space we can use HTTP/1.0 and avoid the
+	 * chunked encoding mess.
+	 */
+	while (1) {
+		size_t left = rpc->alloc - rpc->len;
+		char *buf = rpc->buf + rpc->len;
+		int n;
+
+		if (left < LARGE_PACKET_MAX) {
+			large_request = 1;
+			use_gzip = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, buf, left);
+		if (!n)
+			break;
+		rpc->len += n;
+	}
+
+	slot = get_active_slot();
+	slot->results = &results;
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
+
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
+
+	if (large_request) {
+		/* The request body is large and the size cannot be predicted.
+		 * We must use chunked encoding to send it.
+		 */
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect: 100-continue");
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Transfer-Encoding: chunked");
+		rpc->initial_buffer = 1;
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, rpc_out);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_INFILE, rpc);
+#ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, rpc_ioctl);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, rpc);
+#endif
+		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (chunked)\n", rpc->service_name);
+			fflush(stderr);
+		}
+
+	} else if (use_gzip && 1024 < rpc->len) {
+		/* The client backend isn't giving us compressed data so
+		 * we can try to deflate it ourselves, this may save on.
+		 * the transfer time.
+		 */
+		size_t size;
+		z_stream stream;
+		int ret;
+
+		memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+		ret = deflateInit2(&stream, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION,
+				Z_DEFLATED, (15 + 16),
+				8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+		if (ret != Z_OK)
+			die("cannot deflate request; zlib init error %d", ret);
+		size = deflateBound(&stream, rpc->len);
+		gzip_body = xmalloc(size);
+
+		stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)rpc->buf;
+		stream.avail_in = rpc->len;
+		stream.next_out = (unsigned char *)gzip_body;
+		stream.avail_out = size;
+
+		ret = deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+		if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
+			die("cannot deflate request; zlib deflate error %d", ret);
+
+		ret = deflateEnd(&stream);
+		if (ret != Z_OK)
+			die("cannot deflate request; zlib end error %d", ret);
+
+		size = stream.total_out;
+
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Encoding: gzip");
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, size);
+
+		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (gzip %lu to %lu bytes)\n",
+				rpc->service_name,
+				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)size);
+			fflush(stderr);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* We know the complete request size in advance, use the
+		 * more normal Content-Length approach.
+		 */
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, rpc->buf);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, rpc->len);
+		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (%lu bytes)\n",
+				rpc->service_name, (unsigned long)rpc->len);
+			fflush(stderr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, rpc_in);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, rpc);
+
+	slot->curl_result = curl_easy_perform(slot->curl);
+	finish_active_slot(slot);
+
+	if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
+		err |= error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
+			results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+	}
+
+	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
+	free(gzip_body);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
+{
+	const char *svc = rpc->service_name;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process client;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	init_walker();
+	memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
+	client.in = -1;
+	client.out = -1;
+	client.git_cmd = 1;
+	client.argv = rpc->argv;
+	if (start_command(&client))
+		exit(1);
+	if (heads)
+		write_or_die(client.in, heads->buf, heads->len);
+
+	rpc->alloc = http_post_buffer;
+	rpc->buf = xmalloc(rpc->alloc);
+	rpc->in = client.in;
+	rpc->out = client.out;
+	strbuf_init(&rpc->result, 0);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/%s", url, svc);
+	rpc->service_url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Content-Type: application/x-%s-request", svc);
+	rpc->hdr_content_type = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Accept: application/x-%s-result", svc);
+	rpc->hdr_accept = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	while (!err) {
+		int n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		if (!n)
+			break;
+		rpc->pos = 0;
+		rpc->len = n;
+		err |= post_rpc(rpc);
+	}
+	strbuf_read(&rpc->result, client.out, 0);
+
+	close(client.in);
+	close(client.out);
+	client.in = -1;
+	client.out = -1;
+
+	err |= finish_command(&client);
+	free(rpc->service_url);
+	free(rpc->hdr_content_type);
+	free(rpc->hdr_accept);
+	free(rpc->buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int fetch_dumb(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	char **targets = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(char*));
+	int ret, i;
+
+	if (options.depth)
+		die("dumb http transport does not support --depth");
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
+		targets[i] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(to_fetch[i]->old_sha1));
+
+	init_walker();
+	walker->get_all = 1;
+	walker->get_tree = 1;
+	walker->get_history = 1;
+	walker->get_verbosely = options.verbosity >= 3;
+	walker->get_recover = 0;
+	ret = walker_fetch(walker, nr_heads, targets, NULL, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
+		free(targets[i]);
+	free(targets);
+
+	return ret ? error("Fetch failed.") : 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
+	int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct rpc_state rpc;
+	char *depth_arg = NULL;
+	const char **argv;
+	int argc = 0, i, err;
+
+	argv = xmalloc((15 + nr_heads) * sizeof(char*));
+	argv[argc++] = "fetch-pack";
+	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
+	argv[argc++] = "--lock-pack";
+	if (options.followtags)
+		argv[argc++] = "--include-tag";
+	if (options.thin)
+		argv[argc++] = "--thin";
+	if (options.verbosity >= 3) {
+		argv[argc++] = "-v";
+		argv[argc++] = "-v";
+	}
+	if (!options.progress)
+		argv[argc++] = "--no-progress";
+	if (options.depth) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "--depth=%lu", options.depth);
+		depth_arg = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		argv[argc++] = depth_arg;
+	}
+	argv[argc++] = url;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
+		struct ref *ref = to_fetch[i];
+		if (!ref->name || !*ref->name)
+			die("cannot fetch by sha1 over smart http");
+		argv[argc++] = ref->name;
+	}
+	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
+	rpc.service_name = "git-upload-pack",
+	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.gzip_request = 1;
+
+	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
+	if (rpc.result.len)
+		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
+	free(argv);
+	free(depth_arg);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int fetch(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+	if (d->proto_git)
+		return fetch_git(d, nr_heads, to_fetch);
+	else
+		return fetch_dumb(nr_heads, to_fetch);
+}
+
+static void parse_fetch(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	struct ref **to_fetch = NULL;
+	struct ref *list_head = NULL;
+	struct ref **list = &list_head;
+	int alloc_heads = 0, nr_heads = 0;
+
+	do {
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "fetch ")) {
+			char *p = buf->buf + strlen("fetch ");
+			char *name;
+			struct ref *ref;
+			unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+
+			if (strlen(p) < 40 || get_sha1_hex(p, old_sha1))
+				die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got %s'", p);
+			if (p[40] == ' ')
+				name = p + 41;
+			else if (!p[40])
+				name = "";
+			else
+				die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got %s'", p);
+
+			ref = alloc_ref(name);
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+
+			*list = ref;
+			list = &ref->next;
+
+			ALLOC_GROW(to_fetch, nr_heads + 1, alloc_heads);
+			to_fetch[nr_heads++] = ref;
+		}
+		else
+			die("http transport does not support %s", buf->buf);
+
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		if (strbuf_getline(buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+			return;
+		if (!*buf->buf)
+			break;
+	} while (1);
+
+	if (fetch(nr_heads, to_fetch))
+		exit(128); /* error already reported */
+	free_refs(list_head);
+	free(to_fetch);
+
+	printf("\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+}
+
+static int push_dav(int nr_spec, char **specs)
+{
+	const char **argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
+	int argc = 0, i;
+
+	argv[argc++] = "http-push";
+	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
+	if (options.dry_run)
+		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+	if (options.verbosity > 1)
+		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
+	argv[argc++] = url;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
+		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
+	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		die("git-%s failed", argv[0]);
+	free(argv);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int push_git(struct discovery *heads, int nr_spec, char **specs)
+{
+	struct rpc_state rpc;
+	const char **argv;
+	int argc = 0, i, err;
+
+	argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
+	argv[argc++] = "send-pack";
+	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
+	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
+	if (options.thin)
+		argv[argc++] = "--thin";
+	if (options.dry_run)
+		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+	if (options.verbosity > 1)
+		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
+	argv[argc++] = url;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
+		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
+	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
+	rpc.service_name = "git-receive-pack",
+	rpc.argv = argv;
+
+	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
+	if (rpc.result.len)
+		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
+	free(argv);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
+{
+	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	int ret;
+
+	if (heads->proto_git)
+		ret = push_git(heads, nr_spec, specs);
+	else
+		ret = push_dav(nr_spec, specs);
+	free_discovery(heads);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void parse_push(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char **specs = NULL;
+	int alloc_spec = 0, nr_spec = 0, i;
+
+	do {
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "push ")) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(specs, nr_spec + 1, alloc_spec);
+			specs[nr_spec++] = xstrdup(buf->buf + 5);
+		}
+		else
+			die("http transport does not support %s", buf->buf);
+
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		if (strbuf_getline(buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+			return;
+		if (!*buf->buf)
+			break;
+	} while (1);
+
+	if (push(nr_spec, specs))
+		exit(128); /* error already reported */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
+		free(specs[i]);
+	free(specs);
+
+	printf("\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int nongit;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	if (argc < 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Remote needed\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	options.verbosity = 1;
+	options.progress = !!isatty(2);
+	options.thin = 1;
+
+	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
+
+	if (argc > 2) {
+		url = argv[2];
+	} else {
+		url = remote->url[0];
+	}
+
+	do {
+		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+			break;
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "fetch ")) {
+			if (nongit)
+				die("Fetch attempted without a local repo");
+			parse_fetch(&buf);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "list") || !prefixcmp(buf.buf, "list ")) {
+			int for_push = !!strstr(buf.buf + 4, "for-push");
+			output_refs(get_refs(for_push));
+
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "push ")) {
+			parse_push(&buf);
+
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "option ")) {
+			char *name = buf.buf + strlen("option ");
+			char *value = strchr(name, ' ');
+			int result;
+
+			if (value)
+				*value++ = '\0';
+			else
+				value = "true";
+
+			result = set_option(name, value);
+			if (!result)
+				printf("ok\n");
+			else if (result < 0)
+				printf("error invalid value\n");
+			else
+				printf("unsupported\n");
+			fflush(stdout);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "capabilities")) {
+			printf("fetch\n");
+			printf("option\n");
+			printf("push\n");
+			printf("\n");
+			fflush(stdout);
+		} else {
+			return 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	} while (1);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c70181c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1717 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static struct refspec s_tag_refspec = {
+	0,
+	1,
+	0,
+	"refs/tags/*",
+	"refs/tags/*"
+};
+
+const struct refspec *tag_refspec = &s_tag_refspec;
+
+struct counted_string {
+	size_t len;
+	const char *s;
+};
+struct rewrite {
+	const char *base;
+	size_t baselen;
+	struct counted_string *instead_of;
+	int instead_of_nr;
+	int instead_of_alloc;
+};
+struct rewrites {
+	struct rewrite **rewrite;
+	int rewrite_alloc;
+	int rewrite_nr;
+};
+
+static struct remote **remotes;
+static int remotes_alloc;
+static int remotes_nr;
+
+static struct branch **branches;
+static int branches_alloc;
+static int branches_nr;
+
+static struct branch *current_branch;
+static const char *default_remote_name;
+static int explicit_default_remote_name;
+
+static struct rewrites rewrites;
+static struct rewrites rewrites_push;
+
+#define BUF_SIZE (2048)
+static char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
+
+static int valid_remote(const struct remote *remote)
+{
+	return (!!remote->url) || (!!remote->foreign_vcs);
+}
+
+static const char *alias_url(const char *url, struct rewrites *r)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	char *ret;
+	struct counted_string *longest;
+	int longest_i;
+
+	longest = NULL;
+	longest_i = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < r->rewrite_nr; i++) {
+		if (!r->rewrite[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of_nr; j++) {
+			if (!prefixcmp(url, r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].s) &&
+			    (!longest ||
+			     longest->len < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].len)) {
+				longest = &(r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j]);
+				longest_i = i;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (!longest)
+		return url;
+
+	ret = xmalloc(r->rewrite[longest_i]->baselen +
+		     (strlen(url) - longest->len) + 1);
+	strcpy(ret, r->rewrite[longest_i]->base);
+	strcpy(ret + r->rewrite[longest_i]->baselen, url + longest->len);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void add_push_refspec(struct remote *remote, const char *ref)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(remote->push_refspec,
+		   remote->push_refspec_nr + 1,
+		   remote->push_refspec_alloc);
+	remote->push_refspec[remote->push_refspec_nr++] = ref;
+}
+
+static void add_fetch_refspec(struct remote *remote, const char *ref)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(remote->fetch_refspec,
+		   remote->fetch_refspec_nr + 1,
+		   remote->fetch_refspec_alloc);
+	remote->fetch_refspec[remote->fetch_refspec_nr++] = ref;
+}
+
+static void add_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(remote->url, remote->url_nr + 1, remote->url_alloc);
+	remote->url[remote->url_nr++] = url;
+}
+
+static void add_pushurl(struct remote *remote, const char *pushurl)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(remote->pushurl, remote->pushurl_nr + 1, remote->pushurl_alloc);
+	remote->pushurl[remote->pushurl_nr++] = pushurl;
+}
+
+static void add_pushurl_alias(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+	const char *pushurl = alias_url(url, &rewrites_push);
+	if (pushurl != url)
+		add_pushurl(remote, pushurl);
+}
+
+static void add_url_alias(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+	add_url(remote, alias_url(url, &rewrites));
+	add_pushurl_alias(remote, url);
+}
+
+static struct remote *make_remote(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	struct remote *ret;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++) {
+		if (len ? (!strncmp(name, remotes[i]->name, len) &&
+			   !remotes[i]->name[len]) :
+		    !strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
+			return remotes[i];
+	}
+
+	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+	ALLOC_GROW(remotes, remotes_nr + 1, remotes_alloc);
+	remotes[remotes_nr++] = ret;
+	if (len)
+		ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
+	else
+		ret->name = xstrdup(name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void add_merge(struct branch *branch, const char *name)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(branch->merge_name, branch->merge_nr + 1,
+		   branch->merge_alloc);
+	branch->merge_name[branch->merge_nr++] = name;
+}
+
+static struct branch *make_branch(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	struct branch *ret;
+	int i;
+	char *refname;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < branches_nr; i++) {
+		if (len ? (!strncmp(name, branches[i]->name, len) &&
+			   !branches[i]->name[len]) :
+		    !strcmp(name, branches[i]->name))
+			return branches[i];
+	}
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(branches, branches_nr + 1, branches_alloc);
+	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct branch));
+	branches[branches_nr++] = ret;
+	if (len)
+		ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
+	else
+		ret->name = xstrdup(name);
+	refname = xmalloc(strlen(name) + strlen("refs/heads/") + 1);
+	strcpy(refname, "refs/heads/");
+	strcpy(refname + strlen("refs/heads/"), ret->name);
+	ret->refname = refname;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct rewrite *make_rewrite(struct rewrites *r, const char *base, int len)
+{
+	struct rewrite *ret;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < r->rewrite_nr; i++) {
+		if (len
+		    ? (len == r->rewrite[i]->baselen &&
+		       !strncmp(base, r->rewrite[i]->base, len))
+		    : !strcmp(base, r->rewrite[i]->base))
+			return r->rewrite[i];
+	}
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(r->rewrite, r->rewrite_nr + 1, r->rewrite_alloc);
+	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct rewrite));
+	r->rewrite[r->rewrite_nr++] = ret;
+	if (len) {
+		ret->base = xstrndup(base, len);
+		ret->baselen = len;
+	}
+	else {
+		ret->base = xstrdup(base);
+		ret->baselen = strlen(base);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void add_instead_of(struct rewrite *rewrite, const char *instead_of)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(rewrite->instead_of, rewrite->instead_of_nr + 1, rewrite->instead_of_alloc);
+	rewrite->instead_of[rewrite->instead_of_nr].s = instead_of;
+	rewrite->instead_of[rewrite->instead_of_nr].len = strlen(instead_of);
+	rewrite->instead_of_nr++;
+}
+
+static void read_remotes_file(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name), "r");
+
+	if (!f)
+		return;
+	remote->origin = REMOTE_REMOTES;
+	while (fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, f)) {
+		int value_list;
+		char *s, *p;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "URL:")) {
+			value_list = 0;
+			s = buffer + 4;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Push:")) {
+			value_list = 1;
+			s = buffer + 5;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Pull:")) {
+			value_list = 2;
+			s = buffer + 5;
+		} else
+			continue;
+
+		while (isspace(*s))
+			s++;
+		if (!*s)
+			continue;
+
+		p = s + strlen(s);
+		while (isspace(p[-1]))
+			*--p = 0;
+
+		switch (value_list) {
+		case 0:
+			add_url_alias(remote, xstrdup(s));
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			add_push_refspec(remote, xstrdup(s));
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrdup(s));
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+}
+
+static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	const char *slash = strchr(remote->name, '/');
+	char *frag;
+	struct strbuf branch = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int n = slash ? slash - remote->name : 1000;
+	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%.*s", n, remote->name), "r");
+	char *s, *p;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!f)
+		return;
+	s = fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, f);
+	fclose(f);
+	if (!s)
+		return;
+	while (isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	if (!*s)
+		return;
+	remote->origin = REMOTE_BRANCHES;
+	p = s + strlen(s);
+	while (isspace(p[-1]))
+		*--p = 0;
+	len = p - s;
+	if (slash)
+		len += strlen(slash);
+	p = xmalloc(len + 1);
+	strcpy(p, s);
+	if (slash)
+		strcat(p, slash);
+
+	/*
+	 * With "slash", e.g. "git fetch jgarzik/netdev-2.6" when
+	 * reading from $GIT_DIR/branches/jgarzik fetches "HEAD" from
+	 * the partial URL obtained from the branches file plus
+	 * "/netdev-2.6" and does not store it in any tracking ref.
+	 * #branch specifier in the file is ignored.
+	 *
+	 * Otherwise, the branches file would have URL and optionally
+	 * #branch specified.  The "master" (or specified) branch is
+	 * fetched and stored in the local branch of the same name.
+	 */
+	frag = strchr(p, '#');
+	if (frag) {
+		*(frag++) = '\0';
+		strbuf_addf(&branch, "refs/heads/%s", frag);
+	} else
+		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "refs/heads/master");
+	if (!slash) {
+		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_reset(&branch);
+		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD:");
+	}
+	add_url_alias(remote, p);
+	add_fetch_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
+	/*
+	 * Cogito compatible push: push current HEAD to remote #branch
+	 * (master if missing)
+	 */
+	strbuf_init(&branch, 0);
+	strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD");
+	if (frag)
+		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", frag);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&branch, ":refs/heads/master");
+	add_push_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
+	remote->fetch_tags = 1; /* always auto-follow */
+}
+
+static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	const char *subkey;
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct branch *branch;
+	if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.")) {
+		name = key + 7;
+		subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+		if (!subkey)
+			return 0;
+		branch = make_branch(name, subkey - name);
+		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".remote")) {
+			if (!value)
+				return config_error_nonbool(key);
+			branch->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+			if (branch == current_branch) {
+				default_remote_name = branch->remote_name;
+				explicit_default_remote_name = 1;
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".merge")) {
+			if (!value)
+				return config_error_nonbool(key);
+			add_merge(branch, xstrdup(value));
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!prefixcmp(key, "url.")) {
+		struct rewrite *rewrite;
+		name = key + 4;
+		subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+		if (!subkey)
+			return 0;
+		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".insteadof")) {
+			rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites, name, subkey - name);
+			if (!value)
+				return config_error_nonbool(key);
+			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushinsteadof")) {
+			rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites_push, name, subkey - name);
+			if (!value)
+				return config_error_nonbool(key);
+			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
+		}
+	}
+	if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
+		return 0;
+	name = key + 7;
+	if (*name == '/') {
+		warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
+			name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+	if (!subkey)
+		return 0;
+	remote = make_remote(name, subkey - name);
+	remote->origin = REMOTE_CONFIG;
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".mirror"))
+		remote->mirror = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipdefaultupdate"))
+		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipfetchall"))
+		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".url")) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+			return -1;
+		add_url(remote, v);
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushurl")) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+			return -1;
+		add_pushurl(remote, v);
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".push")) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+			return -1;
+		add_push_refspec(remote, v);
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".fetch")) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+			return -1;
+		add_fetch_refspec(remote, v);
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".receivepack")) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+			return -1;
+		if (!remote->receivepack)
+			remote->receivepack = v;
+		else
+			error("more than one receivepack given, using the first");
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".uploadpack")) {
+		const char *v;
+		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+			return -1;
+		if (!remote->uploadpack)
+			remote->uploadpack = v;
+		else
+			error("more than one uploadpack given, using the first");
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".tagopt")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "--no-tags"))
+			remote->fetch_tags = -1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".proxy")) {
+		return git_config_string((const char **)&remote->http_proxy,
+					 key, value);
+	} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".vcs")) {
+		return git_config_string(&remote->foreign_vcs, key, value);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void alias_all_urls(void)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++) {
+		int add_pushurl_aliases;
+		if (!remotes[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < remotes[i]->pushurl_nr; j++) {
+			remotes[i]->pushurl[j] = alias_url(remotes[i]->pushurl[j], &rewrites);
+		}
+		add_pushurl_aliases = remotes[i]->pushurl_nr == 0;
+		for (j = 0; j < remotes[i]->url_nr; j++) {
+			if (add_pushurl_aliases)
+				add_pushurl_alias(remotes[i], remotes[i]->url[j]);
+			remotes[i]->url[j] = alias_url(remotes[i]->url[j], &rewrites);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void read_config(void)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *head_ref;
+	int flag;
+	if (default_remote_name) // did this already
+		return;
+	default_remote_name = xstrdup("origin");
+	current_branch = NULL;
+	head_ref = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 0, &flag);
+	if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+	    !prefixcmp(head_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+		current_branch =
+			make_branch(head_ref + strlen("refs/heads/"), 0);
+	}
+	git_config(handle_config, NULL);
+	alias_all_urls();
+}
+
+/*
+ * We need to make sure the tracking branches are well formed, but a
+ * wildcard refspec in "struct refspec" must have a trailing slash. We
+ * temporarily drop the trailing '/' while calling check_ref_format(),
+ * and put it back.  The caller knows that a CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL
+ * error return is Ok for a wildcard refspec.
+ */
+static int verify_refname(char *name, int is_glob)
+{
+	int result;
+
+	result = check_ref_format(name);
+	if (is_glob && result == CHECK_REF_FORMAT_WILDCARD)
+		result = CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK;
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function frees a refspec array.
+ * Warning: code paths should be checked to ensure that the src
+ *          and dst pointers are always freeable pointers as well
+ *          as the refspec pointer itself.
+ */
+static void free_refspecs(struct refspec *refspec, int nr_refspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!refspec)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+		free(refspec[i].src);
+		free(refspec[i].dst);
+	}
+	free(refspec);
+}
+
+static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int fetch, int verify)
+{
+	int i;
+	int st;
+	struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(sizeof(*rs), nr_refspec);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+		size_t llen;
+		int is_glob;
+		const char *lhs, *rhs;
+
+		is_glob = 0;
+
+		lhs = refspec[i];
+		if (*lhs == '+') {
+			rs[i].force = 1;
+			lhs++;
+		}
+
+		rhs = strrchr(lhs, ':');
+
+		/*
+		 * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
+		 * for matching refs.
+		 */
+		if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
+			rs[i].matching = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (rhs) {
+			size_t rlen = strlen(++rhs);
+			is_glob = (1 <= rlen && strchr(rhs, '*'));
+			rs[i].dst = xstrndup(rhs, rlen);
+		}
+
+		llen = (rhs ? (rhs - lhs - 1) : strlen(lhs));
+		if (1 <= llen && memchr(lhs, '*', llen)) {
+			if ((rhs && !is_glob) || (!rhs && fetch))
+				goto invalid;
+			is_glob = 1;
+		} else if (rhs && is_glob) {
+			goto invalid;
+		}
+
+		rs[i].pattern = is_glob;
+		rs[i].src = xstrndup(lhs, llen);
+
+		if (fetch) {
+			/*
+			 * LHS
+			 * - empty is allowed; it means HEAD.
+			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
+			 */
+			if (!*rs[i].src)
+				; /* empty is ok */
+			else {
+				st = verify_refname(rs[i].src, is_glob);
+				if (st && st != CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL)
+					goto invalid;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * RHS
+			 * - missing is ok, and is same as empty.
+			 * - empty is ok; it means not to store.
+			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
+			 */
+			if (!rs[i].dst) {
+				; /* ok */
+			} else if (!*rs[i].dst) {
+				; /* ok */
+			} else {
+				st = verify_refname(rs[i].dst, is_glob);
+				if (st && st != CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL)
+					goto invalid;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * LHS
+			 * - empty is allowed; it means delete.
+			 * - when wildcarded, it must be a valid looking ref.
+			 * - otherwise, it must be an extended SHA-1, but
+			 *   there is no existing way to validate this.
+			 */
+			if (!*rs[i].src)
+				; /* empty is ok */
+			else if (is_glob) {
+				st = verify_refname(rs[i].src, is_glob);
+				if (st && st != CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL)
+					goto invalid;
+			}
+			else
+				; /* anything goes, for now */
+			/*
+			 * RHS
+			 * - missing is allowed, but LHS then must be a
+			 *   valid looking ref.
+			 * - empty is not allowed.
+			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
+			 */
+			if (!rs[i].dst) {
+				st = verify_refname(rs[i].src, is_glob);
+				if (st && st != CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL)
+					goto invalid;
+			} else if (!*rs[i].dst) {
+				goto invalid;
+			} else {
+				st = verify_refname(rs[i].dst, is_glob);
+				if (st && st != CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL)
+					goto invalid;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return rs;
+
+ invalid:
+	if (verify) {
+		/*
+		 * nr_refspec must be greater than zero and i must be valid
+		 * since it is only possible to reach this point from within
+		 * the for loop above.
+		 */
+		free_refspecs(rs, i+1);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	die("Invalid refspec '%s'", refspec[i]);
+}
+
+int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *fetch_refspec_str)
+{
+	const char *fetch_refspec[] = { fetch_refspec_str };
+	struct refspec *refspec;
+
+	refspec = parse_refspec_internal(1, fetch_refspec, 1, 1);
+	free_refspecs(refspec, 1);
+	return !!refspec;
+}
+
+struct refspec *parse_fetch_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec)
+{
+	return parse_refspec_internal(nr_refspec, refspec, 1, 0);
+}
+
+static struct refspec *parse_push_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec)
+{
+	return parse_refspec_internal(nr_refspec, refspec, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void free_refspec(int nr_refspec, struct refspec *refspec)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+		free(refspec[i].src);
+		free(refspec[i].dst);
+	}
+	free(refspec);
+}
+
+static int valid_remote_nick(const char *name)
+{
+	if (!name[0] || is_dot_or_dotdot(name))
+		return 0;
+	return !strchr(name, '/'); /* no slash */
+}
+
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	struct remote *ret;
+	int name_given = 0;
+
+	read_config();
+	if (name)
+		name_given = 1;
+	else {
+		name = default_remote_name;
+		name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+	}
+
+	ret = make_remote(name, 0);
+	if (valid_remote_nick(name)) {
+		if (!valid_remote(ret))
+			read_remotes_file(ret);
+		if (!valid_remote(ret))
+			read_branches_file(ret);
+	}
+	if (name_given && !valid_remote(ret))
+		add_url_alias(ret, name);
+	if (!valid_remote(ret))
+		return NULL;
+	ret->fetch = parse_fetch_refspec(ret->fetch_refspec_nr, ret->fetch_refspec);
+	ret->push = parse_push_refspec(ret->push_refspec_nr, ret->push_refspec);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int remote_is_configured(const char *name)
+{
+	int i;
+	read_config();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
+{
+	int i, result = 0;
+	read_config();
+	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr && !result; i++) {
+		struct remote *r = remotes[i];
+		if (!r)
+			continue;
+		if (!r->fetch)
+			r->fetch = parse_fetch_refspec(r->fetch_refspec_nr,
+						       r->fetch_refspec);
+		if (!r->push)
+			r->push = parse_push_refspec(r->push_refspec_nr,
+						     r->push_refspec);
+		result = fn(r, priv);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	struct string_list refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+	struct ref *prev = NULL, *next = NULL;
+	for (; ref_map; prev = ref_map, ref_map = next) {
+		next = ref_map->next;
+		if (!ref_map->peer_ref)
+			continue;
+
+		item = string_list_lookup(ref_map->peer_ref->name, &refs);
+		if (item) {
+			if (strcmp(((struct ref *)item->util)->name,
+				   ref_map->name))
+				die("%s tracks both %s and %s",
+				    ref_map->peer_ref->name,
+				    ((struct ref *)item->util)->name,
+				    ref_map->name);
+			prev->next = ref_map->next;
+			free(ref_map->peer_ref);
+			free(ref_map);
+			ref_map = prev; /* skip this; we freed it */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		item = string_list_insert(ref_map->peer_ref->name, &refs);
+		item->util = ref_map;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&refs, 0);
+}
+
+int remote_has_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < remote->url_nr; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(remote->url[i], url))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_name_with_pattern(const char *key, const char *name,
+				   const char *value, char **result)
+{
+	const char *kstar = strchr(key, '*');
+	size_t klen;
+	size_t ksuffixlen;
+	size_t namelen;
+	int ret;
+	if (!kstar)
+		die("Key '%s' of pattern had no '*'", key);
+	klen = kstar - key;
+	ksuffixlen = strlen(kstar + 1);
+	namelen = strlen(name);
+	ret = !strncmp(name, key, klen) && namelen >= klen + ksuffixlen &&
+		!memcmp(name + namelen - ksuffixlen, kstar + 1, ksuffixlen);
+	if (ret && value) {
+		const char *vstar = strchr(value, '*');
+		size_t vlen;
+		size_t vsuffixlen;
+		if (!vstar)
+			die("Value '%s' of pattern has no '*'", value);
+		vlen = vstar - value;
+		vsuffixlen = strlen(vstar + 1);
+		*result = xmalloc(vlen + vsuffixlen +
+				  strlen(name) -
+				  klen - ksuffixlen + 1);
+		strncpy(*result, value, vlen);
+		strncpy(*result + vlen,
+			name + klen, namelen - klen - ksuffixlen);
+		strcpy(*result + vlen + namelen - klen - ksuffixlen,
+		       vstar + 1);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+char *apply_refspecs(struct refspec *refspecs, int nr_refspec,
+		     const char *name)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *ret = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+		struct refspec *refspec = refspecs + i;
+		if (refspec->pattern) {
+			if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, name,
+						    refspec->dst, &ret))
+				return ret;
+		} else if (!strcmp(refspec->src, name))
+			return strdup(refspec->dst);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int remote_find_tracking(struct remote *remote, struct refspec *refspec)
+{
+	int find_src = refspec->src == NULL;
+	char *needle, **result;
+	int i;
+
+	if (find_src) {
+		if (!refspec->dst)
+			return error("find_tracking: need either src or dst");
+		needle = refspec->dst;
+		result = &refspec->src;
+	} else {
+		needle = refspec->src;
+		result = &refspec->dst;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++) {
+		struct refspec *fetch = &remote->fetch[i];
+		const char *key = find_src ? fetch->dst : fetch->src;
+		const char *value = find_src ? fetch->src : fetch->dst;
+		if (!fetch->dst)
+			continue;
+		if (fetch->pattern) {
+			if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result)) {
+				refspec->force = fetch->force;
+				return 0;
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(needle, key)) {
+			*result = xstrdup(value);
+			refspec->force = fetch->force;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static struct ref *alloc_ref_with_prefix(const char *prefix, size_t prefixlen,
+		const char *name)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(name);
+	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref) + prefixlen + len + 1);
+	memcpy(ref->name, prefix, prefixlen);
+	memcpy(ref->name + prefixlen, name, len);
+	return ref;
+}
+
+struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name)
+{
+	return alloc_ref_with_prefix("", 0, name);
+}
+
+static struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct ref *cpy;
+	size_t len;
+	if (!ref)
+		return NULL;
+	len = strlen(ref->name);
+	cpy = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) + len + 1);
+	memcpy(cpy, ref, sizeof(struct ref) + len + 1);
+	cpy->next = NULL;
+	cpy->symref = ref->symref ? xstrdup(ref->symref) : NULL;
+	cpy->remote_status = ref->remote_status ? xstrdup(ref->remote_status) : NULL;
+	cpy->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref->peer_ref);
+	return cpy;
+}
+
+struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct ref *ret = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &ret;
+	while (ref) {
+		*tail = copy_ref(ref);
+		ref = ref->next;
+		tail = &((*tail)->next);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void free_ref(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	if (!ref)
+		return;
+	free_ref(ref->peer_ref);
+	free(ref->remote_status);
+	free(ref->symref);
+	free(ref);
+}
+
+void free_refs(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct ref *next;
+	while (ref) {
+		next = ref->next;
+		free_ref(ref);
+		ref = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
+			       struct ref *refs,
+			       struct ref **matched_ref)
+{
+	int patlen = strlen(pattern);
+	struct ref *matched_weak = NULL;
+	struct ref *matched = NULL;
+	int weak_match = 0;
+	int match = 0;
+
+	for (weak_match = match = 0; refs; refs = refs->next) {
+		char *name = refs->name;
+		int namelen = strlen(name);
+
+		if (!refname_match(pattern, name, ref_rev_parse_rules))
+			continue;
+
+		/* A match is "weak" if it is with refs outside
+		 * heads or tags, and did not specify the pattern
+		 * in full (e.g. "refs/remotes/origin/master") or at
+		 * least from the toplevel (e.g. "remotes/origin/master");
+		 * otherwise "git push $URL master" would result in
+		 * ambiguity between remotes/origin/master and heads/master
+		 * at the remote site.
+		 */
+		if (namelen != patlen &&
+		    patlen != namelen - 5 &&
+		    prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/")) {
+			/* We want to catch the case where only weak
+			 * matches are found and there are multiple
+			 * matches, and where more than one strong
+			 * matches are found, as ambiguous.  One
+			 * strong match with zero or more weak matches
+			 * are acceptable as a unique match.
+			 */
+			matched_weak = refs;
+			weak_match++;
+		}
+		else {
+			matched = refs;
+			match++;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!matched) {
+		*matched_ref = matched_weak;
+		return weak_match;
+	}
+	else {
+		*matched_ref = matched;
+		return match;
+	}
+}
+
+static void tail_link_ref(struct ref *ref, struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	**tail = ref;
+	while (ref->next)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	*tail = &ref->next;
+}
+
+static struct ref *try_explicit_object_name(const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct ref *ref;
+
+	if (!*name) {
+		ref = alloc_ref("(delete)");
+		hashclr(ref->new_sha1);
+		return ref;
+	}
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+		return NULL;
+	ref = alloc_ref(name);
+	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static struct ref *make_linked_ref(const char *name, struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	struct ref *ret = alloc_ref(name);
+	tail_link_ref(ret, tail);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static char *guess_ref(const char *name, struct ref *peer)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	const char *r = resolve_ref(peer->name, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	if (!r)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(r, "refs/heads/"))
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/heads/");
+	else if (!prefixcmp(r, "refs/tags/"))
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/tags/");
+	else
+		return NULL;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, name);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
+			  struct ref ***dst_tail,
+			  struct refspec *rs)
+{
+	struct ref *matched_src, *matched_dst;
+	int copy_src;
+
+	const char *dst_value = rs->dst;
+	char *dst_guess;
+
+	if (rs->pattern || rs->matching)
+		return 0;
+
+	matched_src = matched_dst = NULL;
+	switch (count_refspec_match(rs->src, src, &matched_src)) {
+	case 1:
+		copy_src = 1;
+		break;
+	case 0:
+		/* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
+		 * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
+		 * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
+		 */
+		matched_src = try_explicit_object_name(rs->src);
+		if (!matched_src)
+			return error("src refspec %s does not match any.", rs->src);
+		copy_src = 0;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return error("src refspec %s matches more than one.", rs->src);
+	}
+
+	if (!dst_value) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		int flag;
+
+		dst_value = resolve_ref(matched_src->name, sha1, 1, &flag);
+		if (!dst_value ||
+		    ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+		     prefixcmp(dst_value, "refs/heads/")))
+			die("%s cannot be resolved to branch.",
+			    matched_src->name);
+	}
+
+	switch (count_refspec_match(dst_value, dst, &matched_dst)) {
+	case 1:
+		break;
+	case 0:
+		if (!memcmp(dst_value, "refs/", 5))
+			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_value, dst_tail);
+		else if ((dst_guess = guess_ref(dst_value, matched_src)))
+			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_guess, dst_tail);
+		else
+			error("unable to push to unqualified destination: %s\n"
+			      "The destination refspec neither matches an "
+			      "existing ref on the remote nor\n"
+			      "begins with refs/, and we are unable to "
+			      "guess a prefix based on the source ref.",
+			      dst_value);
+		break;
+	default:
+		matched_dst = NULL;
+		error("dst refspec %s matches more than one.",
+		      dst_value);
+		break;
+	}
+	if (!matched_dst)
+		return -1;
+	if (matched_dst->peer_ref)
+		return error("dst ref %s receives from more than one src.",
+		      matched_dst->name);
+	else {
+		matched_dst->peer_ref = copy_src ? copy_ref(matched_src) : matched_src;
+		matched_dst->force = rs->force;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_explicit_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
+			       struct ref ***dst_tail, struct refspec *rs,
+			       int rs_nr)
+{
+	int i, errs;
+	for (i = errs = 0; i < rs_nr; i++)
+		errs += match_explicit(src, dst, dst_tail, &rs[i]);
+	return errs;
+}
+
+static const struct refspec *check_pattern_match(const struct refspec *rs,
+						 int rs_nr,
+						 const struct ref *src)
+{
+	int i;
+	int matching_refs = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < rs_nr; i++) {
+		if (rs[i].matching &&
+		    (matching_refs == -1 || rs[i].force)) {
+			matching_refs = i;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (rs[i].pattern && match_name_with_pattern(rs[i].src, src->name,
+							     NULL, NULL))
+			return rs + i;
+	}
+	if (matching_refs != -1)
+		return rs + matching_refs;
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct ref **tail_ref(struct ref **head)
+{
+	struct ref **tail = head;
+	while (*tail)
+		tail = &((*tail)->next);
+	return tail;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note. This is used only by "push"; refspec matching rules for
+ * push and fetch are subtly different, so do not try to reuse it
+ * without thinking.
+ */
+int match_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
+	       int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int flags)
+{
+	struct refspec *rs;
+	int send_all = flags & MATCH_REFS_ALL;
+	int send_mirror = flags & MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
+	int errs;
+	static const char *default_refspec[] = { ":", NULL };
+	struct ref **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+
+	if (!nr_refspec) {
+		nr_refspec = 1;
+		refspec = default_refspec;
+	}
+	rs = parse_push_refspec(nr_refspec, (const char **) refspec);
+	errs = match_explicit_refs(src, *dst, &dst_tail, rs, nr_refspec);
+
+	/* pick the remainder */
+	for ( ; src; src = src->next) {
+		struct ref *dst_peer;
+		const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
+		char *dst_name;
+		if (src->peer_ref)
+			continue;
+
+		pat = check_pattern_match(rs, nr_refspec, src);
+		if (!pat)
+			continue;
+
+		if (pat->matching) {
+			/*
+			 * "matching refs"; traditionally we pushed everything
+			 * including refs outside refs/heads/ hierarchy, but
+			 * that does not make much sense these days.
+			 */
+			if (!send_mirror && prefixcmp(src->name, "refs/heads/"))
+				continue;
+			dst_name = xstrdup(src->name);
+
+		} else {
+			const char *dst_side = pat->dst ? pat->dst : pat->src;
+			if (!match_name_with_pattern(pat->src, src->name,
+						     dst_side, &dst_name))
+				die("Didn't think it matches any more");
+		}
+		dst_peer = find_ref_by_name(*dst, dst_name);
+		if (dst_peer) {
+			if (dst_peer->peer_ref)
+				/* We're already sending something to this ref. */
+				goto free_name;
+
+		} else {
+			if (pat->matching && !(send_all || send_mirror))
+				/*
+				 * Remote doesn't have it, and we have no
+				 * explicit pattern, and we don't have
+				 * --all nor --mirror.
+				 */
+				goto free_name;
+
+			/* Create a new one and link it */
+			dst_peer = make_linked_ref(dst_name, &dst_tail);
+			hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, src->new_sha1);
+		}
+		dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(src);
+		dst_peer->force = pat->force;
+	free_name:
+		free(dst_name);
+	}
+	if (errs)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
+	int force_update)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->peer_ref)
+			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		else if (!send_mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		ref->deletion = is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1);
+		if (!ref->deletion &&
+			!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1)) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* This part determines what can overwrite what.
+		 * The rules are:
+		 *
+		 * (0) you can always use --force or +A:B notation to
+		 *     selectively force individual ref pairs.
+		 *
+		 * (1) if the old thing does not exist, it is OK.
+		 *
+		 * (2) if you do not have the old thing, you are not allowed
+		 *     to overwrite it; you would not know what you are losing
+		 *     otherwise.
+		 *
+		 * (3) if both new and old are commit-ish, and new is a
+		 *     descendant of old, it is OK.
+		 *
+		 * (4) regardless of all of the above, removing :B is
+		 *     always allowed.
+		 */
+
+		ref->nonfastforward =
+			!ref->deletion &&
+			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
+			(!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
+			  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1));
+
+		if (ref->nonfastforward && !ref->force && !force_update) {
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct branch *branch_get(const char *name)
+{
+	struct branch *ret;
+
+	read_config();
+	if (!name || !*name || !strcmp(name, "HEAD"))
+		ret = current_branch;
+	else
+		ret = make_branch(name, 0);
+	if (ret && ret->remote_name) {
+		ret->remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
+		if (ret->merge_nr) {
+			int i;
+			ret->merge = xcalloc(sizeof(*ret->merge),
+					     ret->merge_nr);
+			for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
+				ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
+				ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
+				if (remote_find_tracking(ret->remote, ret->merge[i])
+				    && !strcmp(ret->remote_name, "."))
+					ret->merge[i]->dst = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int branch_has_merge_config(struct branch *branch)
+{
+	return branch && !!branch->merge;
+}
+
+int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *branch,
+		                 int i,
+		                 const char *refname)
+{
+	if (!branch || i < 0 || i >= branch->merge_nr)
+		return 0;
+	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname, ref_fetch_rules);
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
+				    const struct refspec *refspec)
+{
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	struct ref *ret = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &ret;
+
+	char *expn_name;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
+			continue; /* a dereference item */
+		if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
+					    refspec->dst, &expn_name)) {
+			struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
+
+			cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
+			free(expn_name);
+			if (refspec->force)
+				cpy->peer_ref->force = 1;
+			*tail = cpy;
+			tail = &cpy->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct ref *find_ref_by_name_abbrev(const struct ref *refs, const char *name)
+{
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (refname_match(name, ref->name, ref_fetch_rules))
+			return ref;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct ref *get_remote_ref(const struct ref *remote_refs, const char *name)
+{
+	const struct ref *ref = find_ref_by_name_abbrev(remote_refs, name);
+
+	if (!ref)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return copy_ref(ref);
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_local_ref(const char *name)
+{
+	if (!name || name[0] == '\0')
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/"))
+		return alloc_ref(name);
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(name, "heads/") ||
+	    !prefixcmp(name, "tags/") ||
+	    !prefixcmp(name, "remotes/"))
+		return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/", 5, name);
+
+	return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/heads/", 11, name);
+}
+
+int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
+		  const struct refspec *refspec,
+		  struct ref ***tail,
+		  int missing_ok)
+{
+	struct ref *ref_map, **rmp;
+
+	if (refspec->pattern) {
+		ref_map = get_expanded_map(remote_refs, refspec);
+	} else {
+		const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
+
+		ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
+			die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
+		if (ref_map) {
+			ref_map->peer_ref = get_local_ref(refspec->dst);
+			if (ref_map->peer_ref && refspec->force)
+				ref_map->peer_ref->force = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (rmp = &ref_map; *rmp; ) {
+		if ((*rmp)->peer_ref) {
+			int st = check_ref_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name + 5);
+			if (st && st != CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL) {
+				struct ref *ignore = *rmp;
+				error("* Ignoring funny ref '%s' locally",
+				      (*rmp)->peer_ref->name);
+				*rmp = (*rmp)->next;
+				free(ignore->peer_ref);
+				free(ignore);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		rmp = &((*rmp)->next);
+	}
+
+	if (ref_map)
+		tail_link_ref(ref_map, tail);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list)
+{
+	if (!ref->symref)
+		return 0;
+	for (; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(ref->symref, list->name)) {
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, list->old_sha1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void unmark_and_free(struct commit_list *list, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *temp = list;
+		temp->item->object.flags &= ~mark;
+		list = temp->next;
+		free(temp);
+	}
+}
+
+int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o;
+	struct commit *old, *new;
+	struct commit_list *list, *used;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
+	 */
+	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 0;
+	old = (struct commit *) o;
+
+	o = deref_tag(parse_object(new_sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 0;
+	new = (struct commit *) o;
+
+	if (parse_commit(new) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	used = list = NULL;
+	commit_list_insert(new, &list);
+	while (list) {
+		new = pop_most_recent_commit(&list, TMP_MARK);
+		commit_list_insert(new, &used);
+		if (new == old) {
+			found = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	unmark_and_free(list, TMP_MARK);
+	unmark_and_free(used, TMP_MARK);
+	return found;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true if there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ */
+int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct commit *ours, *theirs;
+	char symmetric[84];
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	const char *rev_argv[10], *base;
+	int rev_argc;
+
+	/*
+	 * Nothing to report unless we are marked to build on top of
+	 * somebody else.
+	 */
+	if (!branch ||
+	    !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] || !branch->merge[0]->dst)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If what we used to build on no longer exists, there is
+	 * nothing to report.
+	 */
+	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
+	if (!resolve_ref(base, sha1, 1, NULL))
+		return 0;
+	theirs = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!theirs)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref(branch->refname, sha1, 1, NULL))
+		return 0;
+	ours = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!ours)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* are we the same? */
+	if (theirs == ours)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
+	rev_argc = 0;
+	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = NULL;
+	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = "--left-right";
+	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = symmetric;
+	rev_argv[rev_argc++] = "--";
+	rev_argv[rev_argc] = NULL;
+
+	strcpy(symmetric, sha1_to_hex(ours->object.sha1));
+	strcpy(symmetric + 40, "...");
+	strcpy(symmetric + 43, sha1_to_hex(theirs->object.sha1));
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(rev_argc, rev_argv, &revs, NULL);
+	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+
+	/* ... and count the commits on each side. */
+	*num_ours = 0;
+	*num_theirs = 0;
+	while (1) {
+		struct commit *c = get_revision(&revs);
+		if (!c)
+			break;
+		if (c->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+			(*num_ours)++;
+		else
+			(*num_theirs)++;
+	}
+
+	/* clear object flags smudged by the above traversal */
+	clear_commit_marks(ours, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+	clear_commit_marks(theirs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true when there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ */
+int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	const char *base;
+
+	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs))
+		return 0;
+
+	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
+	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
+	if (!num_theirs)
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Your branch is ahead of '%s' "
+			    "by %d commit%s.\n",
+			    base, num_ours, (num_ours == 1) ? "" : "s");
+	else if (!num_ours)
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Your branch is behind '%s' "
+			    "by %d commit%s, "
+			    "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
+			    base, num_theirs, (num_theirs == 1) ? "" : "s");
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+			    "and have %d and %d different commit(s) each, "
+			    "respectively.\n",
+			    base, num_ours, num_theirs);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref ***local_tail = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int len;
+
+	/* we already know it starts with refs/ to get here */
+	if (check_ref_format(refname + 5))
+		return 0;
+
+	len = strlen(refname) + 1;
+	ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
+	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
+	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
+	**local_tail = ref;
+	*local_tail = &ref->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct ref *get_local_heads(void)
+{
+	struct ref *local_refs = NULL, **local_tail = &local_refs;
+	for_each_ref(one_local_ref, &local_tail);
+	return local_refs;
+}
+
+struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
+			      const struct ref *refs,
+			      int all)
+{
+	const struct ref *r;
+	struct ref *list = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &list;
+
+	if (!head)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Some transports support directly peeking at
+	 * where HEAD points; if that is the case, then
+	 * we don't have to guess.
+	 */
+	if (head->symref)
+		return copy_ref(find_ref_by_name(refs, head->symref));
+
+	/* If refs/heads/master could be right, it is. */
+	if (!all) {
+		r = find_ref_by_name(refs, "refs/heads/master");
+		if (r && !hashcmp(r->old_sha1, head->old_sha1))
+			return copy_ref(r);
+	}
+
+	/* Look for another ref that points there */
+	for (r = refs; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (r != head && !hashcmp(r->old_sha1, head->old_sha1)) {
+			*tail = copy_ref(r);
+			tail = &((*tail)->next);
+			if (!all)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return list;
+}
+
+struct stale_heads_info {
+	struct remote *remote;
+	struct string_list *ref_names;
+	struct ref **stale_refs_tail;
+};
+
+static int get_stale_heads_cb(const char *refname,
+	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct stale_heads_info *info = cb_data;
+	struct refspec refspec;
+	memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
+	refspec.dst = (char *)refname;
+	if (!remote_find_tracking(info->remote, &refspec)) {
+		if (!((flags & REF_ISSYMREF) ||
+		    string_list_has_string(info->ref_names, refspec.src))) {
+			struct ref *ref = make_linked_ref(refname, &info->stale_refs_tail);
+			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct remote *remote, struct ref *fetch_map)
+{
+	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = NULL;
+	struct string_list ref_names = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct stale_heads_info info;
+	info.remote = remote;
+	info.ref_names = &ref_names;
+	info.stale_refs_tail = &stale_refs;
+	for (ref = fetch_map; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		string_list_append(ref->name, &ref_names);
+	sort_string_list(&ref_names);
+	for_each_ref(get_stale_heads_cb, &info);
+	string_list_clear(&ref_names, 0);
+	return stale_refs;
+}
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e13643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#ifndef REMOTE_H
+#define REMOTE_H
+
+enum {
+	REMOTE_CONFIG,
+	REMOTE_REMOTES,
+	REMOTE_BRANCHES
+};
+
+struct remote {
+	const char *name;
+	int origin;
+
+	const char *foreign_vcs;
+
+	const char **url;
+	int url_nr;
+	int url_alloc;
+
+	const char **pushurl;
+	int pushurl_nr;
+	int pushurl_alloc;
+
+	const char **push_refspec;
+	struct refspec *push;
+	int push_refspec_nr;
+	int push_refspec_alloc;
+
+	const char **fetch_refspec;
+	struct refspec *fetch;
+	int fetch_refspec_nr;
+	int fetch_refspec_alloc;
+
+	/*
+	 * -1 to never fetch tags
+	 * 0 to auto-follow tags on heuristic (default)
+	 * 1 to always auto-follow tags
+	 * 2 to always fetch tags
+	 */
+	int fetch_tags;
+	int skip_default_update;
+	int mirror;
+
+	const char *receivepack;
+	const char *uploadpack;
+
+	/*
+	 * for curl remotes only
+	 */
+	char *http_proxy;
+};
+
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name);
+int remote_is_configured(const char *name);
+
+typedef int each_remote_fn(struct remote *remote, void *priv);
+int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv);
+
+int remote_has_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url);
+
+struct refspec {
+	unsigned force : 1;
+	unsigned pattern : 1;
+	unsigned matching : 1;
+
+	char *src;
+	char *dst;
+};
+
+extern const struct refspec *tag_refspec;
+
+struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name);
+
+struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref);
+
+int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags);
+
+/*
+ * Frees the entire list and peers of elements.
+ */
+void free_refs(struct ref *ref);
+
+int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list);
+int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Removes and frees any duplicate refs in the map.
+ */
+void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map);
+
+int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *refspec);
+struct refspec *parse_fetch_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec);
+
+void free_refspec(int nr_refspec, struct refspec *refspec);
+
+char *apply_refspecs(struct refspec *refspecs, int nr_refspec,
+		     const char *name);
+
+int match_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
+	       int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int all);
+void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
+	int force_update);
+
+/*
+ * Given a list of the remote refs and the specification of things to
+ * fetch, makes a (separate) list of the refs to fetch and the local
+ * refs to store into.
+ *
+ * *tail is the pointer to the tail pointer of the list of results
+ * beforehand, and will be set to the tail pointer of the list of
+ * results afterward.
+ *
+ * missing_ok is usually false, but when we are adding branch.$name.merge
+ * it is Ok if the branch is not at the remote anymore.
+ */
+int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs, const struct refspec *refspec,
+		  struct ref ***tail, int missing_ok);
+
+struct ref *get_remote_ref(const struct ref *remote_refs, const char *name);
+
+/*
+ * For the given remote, reads the refspec's src and sets the other fields.
+ */
+int remote_find_tracking(struct remote *remote, struct refspec *refspec);
+
+struct branch {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *refname;
+
+	const char *remote_name;
+	struct remote *remote;
+
+	const char **merge_name;
+	struct refspec **merge;
+	int merge_nr;
+	int merge_alloc;
+};
+
+struct branch *branch_get(const char *name);
+
+int branch_has_merge_config(struct branch *branch);
+int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *, int n, const char *);
+
+/* Flags to match_refs. */
+enum match_refs_flags {
+	MATCH_REFS_NONE		= 0,
+	MATCH_REFS_ALL 		= (1 << 0),
+	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1),
+};
+
+/* Reporting of tracking info */
+int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs);
+int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb);
+
+struct ref *get_local_heads(void);
+/*
+ * Find refs from a list which are likely to be pointed to by the given HEAD
+ * ref. If 'all' is false, returns the most likely ref; otherwise, returns a
+ * list of all candidate refs. If no match is found (or 'head' is NULL),
+ * returns NULL. All returns are newly allocated and should be freed.
+ */
+struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
+			      const struct ref *refs,
+			      int all);
+
+/* Return refs which no longer exist on remote */
+struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct remote *remote, struct ref *fetch_map);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/replace_object.c b/replace_object.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb59604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/replace_object.c
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+static struct replace_object {
+	unsigned char sha1[2][20];
+} **replace_object;
+
+static int replace_object_alloc, replace_object_nr;
+
+static const unsigned char *replace_sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
+{
+	struct replace_object **replace = table;
+	return replace[index]->sha1[0];
+}
+
+static int replace_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return sha1_pos(sha1, replace_object, replace_object_nr,
+			replace_sha1_access);
+}
+
+static int register_replace_object(struct replace_object *replace,
+				   int ignore_dups)
+{
+	int pos = replace_object_pos(replace->sha1[0]);
+
+	if (0 <= pos) {
+		if (ignore_dups)
+			free(replace);
+		else {
+			free(replace_object[pos]);
+			replace_object[pos] = replace;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	pos = -pos - 1;
+	if (replace_object_alloc <= ++replace_object_nr) {
+		replace_object_alloc = alloc_nr(replace_object_alloc);
+		replace_object = xrealloc(replace_object,
+					  sizeof(*replace_object) *
+					  replace_object_alloc);
+	}
+	if (pos < replace_object_nr)
+		memmove(replace_object + pos + 1,
+			replace_object + pos,
+			(replace_object_nr - pos - 1) *
+			sizeof(*replace_object));
+	replace_object[pos] = replace;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int register_replace_ref(const char *refname,
+				const unsigned char *sha1,
+				int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	/* Get sha1 from refname */
+	const char *slash = strrchr(refname, '/');
+	const char *hash = slash ? slash + 1 : refname;
+	struct replace_object *repl_obj = xmalloc(sizeof(*repl_obj));
+
+	if (strlen(hash) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(hash, repl_obj->sha1[0])) {
+		free(repl_obj);
+		warning("bad replace ref name: %s", refname);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Copy sha1 from the read ref */
+	hashcpy(repl_obj->sha1[1], sha1);
+
+	/* Register new object */
+	if (register_replace_object(repl_obj, 1))
+		die("duplicate replace ref: %s", refname);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void prepare_replace_object(void)
+{
+	static int replace_object_prepared;
+
+	if (replace_object_prepared)
+		return;
+
+	for_each_replace_ref(register_replace_ref, NULL);
+	replace_object_prepared = 1;
+}
+
+/* We allow "recursive" replacement. Only within reason, though */
+#define MAXREPLACEDEPTH 5
+
+const unsigned char *lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int pos, depth = MAXREPLACEDEPTH;
+	const unsigned char *cur = sha1;
+
+	if (!read_replace_refs)
+		return sha1;
+
+	prepare_replace_object();
+
+	/* Try to recursively replace the object */
+	do {
+		if (--depth < 0)
+			die("replace depth too high for object %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		pos = replace_object_pos(cur);
+		if (0 <= pos)
+			cur = replace_object[pos]->sha1[1];
+	} while (0 <= pos);
+
+	return cur;
+}
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1d3e75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+
+/* if rerere_enabled == -1, fall back to detection of .git/rr-cache */
+static int rerere_enabled = -1;
+
+/* automatically update cleanly resolved paths to the index */
+static int rerere_autoupdate;
+
+static char *merge_rr_path;
+
+const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file)
+{
+	return git_path("rr-cache/%s/%s", hex, file);
+}
+
+int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	return !stat(rerere_path(hex, "postimage"), &st);
+}
+
+static void read_rr(struct string_list *rr)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char buf[PATH_MAX];
+	FILE *in = fopen(merge_rr_path, "r");
+	if (!in)
+		return;
+	while (fread(buf, 40, 1, in) == 1) {
+		int i;
+		char *name;
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buf, sha1))
+			die("corrupt MERGE_RR");
+		buf[40] = '\0';
+		name = xstrdup(buf);
+		if (fgetc(in) != '\t')
+			die("corrupt MERGE_RR");
+		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) && (buf[i] = fgetc(in)); i++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (i == sizeof(buf))
+			die("filename too long");
+		string_list_insert(buf, rr)->util = name;
+	}
+	fclose(in);
+}
+
+static struct lock_file write_lock;
+
+static int write_rr(struct string_list *rr, int out_fd)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < rr->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path;
+		int length;
+		if (!rr->items[i].util)
+			continue;
+		path = rr->items[i].string;
+		length = strlen(path) + 1;
+		if (write_in_full(out_fd, rr->items[i].util, 40) != 40 ||
+		    write_str_in_full(out_fd, "\t") != 1 ||
+		    write_in_full(out_fd, path, length) != length)
+			die("unable to write rerere record");
+	}
+	if (commit_lock_file(&write_lock) != 0)
+		die("unable to write rerere record");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void ferr_write(const void *p, size_t count, FILE *fp, int *err)
+{
+	if (!count || *err)
+		return;
+	if (fwrite(p, count, 1, fp) != 1)
+		*err = errno;
+}
+
+static inline void ferr_puts(const char *s, FILE *fp, int *err)
+{
+	ferr_write(s, strlen(s), fp, err);
+}
+
+struct rerere_io {
+	int (*getline)(struct strbuf *, struct rerere_io *);
+	FILE *output;
+	int wrerror;
+	/* some more stuff */
+};
+
+static void rerere_io_putstr(const char *str, struct rerere_io *io)
+{
+	if (io->output)
+		ferr_puts(str, io->output, &io->wrerror);
+}
+
+static void rerere_io_putconflict(int ch, int size, struct rerere_io *io)
+{
+	char buf[64];
+
+	while (size) {
+		if (size < sizeof(buf) - 2) {
+			memset(buf, ch, size);
+			buf[size] = '\n';
+			buf[size + 1] = '\0';
+			size = 0;
+		} else {
+			int sz = sizeof(buf) - 1;
+			if (size <= sz)
+				sz -= (sz - size) + 1;
+			memset(buf, ch, sz);
+			buf[sz] = '\0';
+			size -= sz;
+		}
+		rerere_io_putstr(buf, io);
+	}
+}
+
+static void rerere_io_putmem(const char *mem, size_t sz, struct rerere_io *io)
+{
+	if (io->output)
+		ferr_write(mem, sz, io->output, &io->wrerror);
+}
+
+struct rerere_io_file {
+	struct rerere_io io;
+	FILE *input;
+};
+
+static int rerere_file_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
+{
+	struct rerere_io_file *io = (struct rerere_io_file *)io_;
+	return strbuf_getwholeline(sb, io->input, '\n');
+}
+
+static int is_cmarker(char *buf, int marker_char, int marker_size, int want_sp)
+{
+	while (marker_size--)
+		if (*buf++ != marker_char)
+			return 0;
+	if (want_sp && *buf != ' ')
+		return 0;
+	return isspace(*buf);
+}
+
+static int handle_path(unsigned char *sha1, struct rerere_io *io, int marker_size)
+{
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	int hunk_no = 0;
+	enum {
+		RR_CONTEXT = 0, RR_SIDE_1, RR_SIDE_2, RR_ORIGINAL,
+	} hunk = RR_CONTEXT;
+	struct strbuf one = STRBUF_INIT, two = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (sha1)
+		git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+
+	while (!io->getline(&buf, io)) {
+		if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '<', marker_size, 1)) {
+			if (hunk != RR_CONTEXT)
+				goto bad;
+			hunk = RR_SIDE_1;
+		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '|', marker_size, 0)) {
+			if (hunk != RR_SIDE_1)
+				goto bad;
+			hunk = RR_ORIGINAL;
+		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '=', marker_size, 0)) {
+			if (hunk != RR_SIDE_1 && hunk != RR_ORIGINAL)
+				goto bad;
+			hunk = RR_SIDE_2;
+		} else if (is_cmarker(buf.buf, '>', marker_size, 1)) {
+			if (hunk != RR_SIDE_2)
+				goto bad;
+			if (strbuf_cmp(&one, &two) > 0)
+				strbuf_swap(&one, &two);
+			hunk_no++;
+			hunk = RR_CONTEXT;
+			rerere_io_putconflict('<', marker_size, io);
+			rerere_io_putmem(one.buf, one.len, io);
+			rerere_io_putconflict('=', marker_size, io);
+			rerere_io_putmem(two.buf, two.len, io);
+			rerere_io_putconflict('>', marker_size, io);
+			if (sha1) {
+				git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, one.buf ? one.buf : "",
+					    one.len + 1);
+				git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, two.buf ? two.buf : "",
+					    two.len + 1);
+			}
+			strbuf_reset(&one);
+			strbuf_reset(&two);
+		} else if (hunk == RR_SIDE_1)
+			strbuf_addstr(&one, buf.buf);
+		else if (hunk == RR_ORIGINAL)
+			; /* discard */
+		else if (hunk == RR_SIDE_2)
+			strbuf_addstr(&two, buf.buf);
+		else
+			rerere_io_putstr(buf.buf, io);
+		continue;
+	bad:
+		hunk = 99; /* force error exit */
+		break;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&one);
+	strbuf_release(&two);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	if (sha1)
+		git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	if (hunk != RR_CONTEXT)
+		return -1;
+	return hunk_no;
+}
+
+static int handle_file(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
+{
+	int hunk_no = 0;
+	struct rerere_io_file io;
+	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
+
+	memset(&io, 0, sizeof(io));
+	io.io.getline = rerere_file_getline;
+	io.input = fopen(path, "r");
+	io.io.wrerror = 0;
+	if (!io.input)
+		return error("Could not open %s", path);
+
+	if (output) {
+		io.io.output = fopen(output, "w");
+		if (!io.io.output) {
+			fclose(io.input);
+			return error("Could not write %s", output);
+		}
+	}
+
+	hunk_no = handle_path(sha1, (struct rerere_io *)&io, marker_size);
+
+	fclose(io.input);
+	if (io.io.wrerror)
+		error("There were errors while writing %s (%s)",
+		      path, strerror(io.io.wrerror));
+	if (io.io.output && fclose(io.io.output))
+		io.io.wrerror = error("Failed to flush %s: %s",
+				      path, strerror(errno));
+
+	if (hunk_no < 0) {
+		if (output)
+			unlink_or_warn(output);
+		return error("Could not parse conflict hunks in %s", path);
+	}
+	if (io.io.wrerror)
+		return -1;
+	return hunk_no;
+}
+
+struct rerere_io_mem {
+	struct rerere_io io;
+	struct strbuf input;
+};
+
+static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
+{
+	struct rerere_io_mem *io = (struct rerere_io_mem *)io_;
+	char *ep;
+	size_t len;
+
+	strbuf_release(sb);
+	if (!io->input.len)
+		return -1;
+	ep = strchrnul(io->input.buf, '\n');
+	if (*ep == '\n')
+		ep++;
+	len = ep - io->input.buf;
+	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
+	strbuf_remove(&io->input, 0, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
+{
+	mmfile_t mmfile[3];
+	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
+	struct rerere_io_mem io;
+	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
+
+	/*
+	 * Reproduce the conflicted merge in-core
+	 */
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return -1;
+	pos = -pos - 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		mmfile[i].size = 0;
+		mmfile[i].ptr = NULL;
+		if (active_nr <= pos)
+			break;
+		ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len)
+		    || ce_stage(ce) != i + 1)
+			break;
+		mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+		mmfile[i].size = size;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
+			mmfile[i].ptr = xstrdup("");
+	}
+	ll_merge(&result, path, &mmfile[0],
+		 &mmfile[1], "ours",
+		 &mmfile[2], "theirs", 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		free(mmfile[i].ptr);
+
+	memset(&io, 0, sizeof(io));
+	io.io.getline = rerere_mem_getline;
+	if (output)
+		io.io.output = fopen(output, "w");
+	else
+		io.io.output = NULL;
+	strbuf_init(&io.input, 0);
+	strbuf_attach(&io.input, result.ptr, result.size, result.size);
+
+	hunk_no = handle_path(sha1, (struct rerere_io *)&io, marker_size);
+	strbuf_release(&io.input);
+	if (io.io.output)
+		fclose(io.io.output);
+	return hunk_no;
+}
+
+static int find_conflict(struct string_list *conflict)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		return error("Could not read index");
+	for (i = 0; i+1 < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
+		struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i+1];
+		if (ce_stage(e2) == 2 &&
+		    ce_stage(e3) == 3 &&
+		    ce_same_name(e2, e3) &&
+		    S_ISREG(e2->ce_mode) &&
+		    S_ISREG(e3->ce_mode)) {
+			string_list_insert((const char *)e2->name, conflict);
+			i++; /* skip over both #2 and #3 */
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int merge(const char *name, const char *path)
+{
+	int ret;
+	mmfile_t cur, base, other;
+	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
+
+	if (handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(name, "thisimage")) < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (read_mmfile(&cur, rerere_path(name, "thisimage")) ||
+			read_mmfile(&base, rerere_path(name, "preimage")) ||
+			read_mmfile(&other, rerere_path(name, "postimage")))
+		return 1;
+	ret = ll_merge(&result, path, &base, &cur, "", &other, "", 0);
+	if (!ret) {
+		FILE *f = fopen(path, "w");
+		if (!f)
+			return error("Could not open %s: %s", path,
+				     strerror(errno));
+		if (fwrite(result.ptr, result.size, 1, f) != 1)
+			error("Could not write %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		if (fclose(f))
+			return error("Writing %s failed: %s", path,
+				     strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	free(cur.ptr);
+	free(base.ptr);
+	free(other.ptr);
+	free(result.ptr);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct lock_file index_lock;
+
+static int update_paths(struct string_list *update)
+{
+	int i;
+	int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
+	int status = 0;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < update->nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item = &update->items[i];
+		if (add_file_to_cache(item->string, ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS))
+			status = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!status && active_cache_changed) {
+		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+		    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+			die("Unable to write new index file");
+	} else if (fd >= 0)
+		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+	return status;
+}
+
+static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
+{
+	struct string_list conflict = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list update = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	int i;
+
+	find_conflict(&conflict);
+
+	/*
+	 * MERGE_RR records paths with conflicts immediately after merge
+	 * failed.  Some of the conflicted paths might have been hand resolved
+	 * in the working tree since then, but the initial run would catch all
+	 * and register their preimages.
+	 */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = conflict.items[i].string;
+		if (!string_list_has_string(rr, path)) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			char *hex;
+			int ret;
+			ret = handle_file(path, sha1, NULL);
+			if (ret < 1)
+				continue;
+			hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			string_list_insert(path, rr)->util = hex;
+			if (mkdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", hex), 0755))
+				continue;
+			handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(hex, "preimage"));
+			fprintf(stderr, "Recorded preimage for '%s'\n", path);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now some of the paths that had conflicts earlier might have been
+	 * hand resolved.  Others may be similar to a conflict already that
+	 * was resolved before.
+	 */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rr->nr; i++) {
+		int ret;
+		const char *path = rr->items[i].string;
+		const char *name = (const char *)rr->items[i].util;
+
+		if (has_rerere_resolution(name)) {
+			if (!merge(name, path)) {
+				if (rerere_autoupdate)
+					string_list_insert(path, &update);
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"%s '%s' using previous resolution.\n",
+					rerere_autoupdate
+					? "Staged" : "Resolved",
+					path);
+				goto mark_resolved;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Let's see if we have resolved it. */
+		ret = handle_file(path, NULL, NULL);
+		if (ret)
+			continue;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Recorded resolution for '%s'.\n", path);
+		copy_file(rerere_path(name, "postimage"), path, 0666);
+	mark_resolved:
+		rr->items[i].util = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (update.nr)
+		update_paths(&update);
+
+	return write_rr(rr, fd);
+}
+
+static int git_rerere_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "rerere.enabled"))
+		rerere_enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "rerere.autoupdate"))
+		rerere_autoupdate = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else
+		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_rerere_enabled(void)
+{
+	const char *rr_cache;
+	int rr_cache_exists;
+
+	if (!rerere_enabled)
+		return 0;
+
+	rr_cache = git_path("rr-cache");
+	rr_cache_exists = is_directory(rr_cache);
+	if (rerere_enabled < 0)
+		return rr_cache_exists;
+
+	if (!rr_cache_exists &&
+	    (mkdir(rr_cache, 0777) || adjust_shared_perm(rr_cache)))
+		die("Could not create directory %s", rr_cache);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int setup_rerere(struct string_list *merge_rr, int flags)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	git_config(git_rerere_config, NULL);
+	if (!is_rerere_enabled())
+		return -1;
+
+	if (flags & (RERERE_AUTOUPDATE|RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE))
+		rerere_autoupdate = !!(flags & RERERE_AUTOUPDATE);
+	merge_rr_path = git_pathdup("MERGE_RR");
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&write_lock, merge_rr_path,
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	read_rr(merge_rr);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+int rerere(int flags)
+{
+	struct string_list merge_rr = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+	return do_plain_rerere(&merge_rr, fd);
+}
+
+static int rerere_forget_one_path(const char *path, struct string_list *rr)
+{
+	const char *filename;
+	char *hex;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = handle_cache(path, sha1, NULL);
+	if (ret < 1)
+		return error("Could not parse conflict hunks in '%s'", path);
+	hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	filename = rerere_path(hex, "postimage");
+	if (unlink(filename))
+		return (errno == ENOENT
+			? error("no remembered resolution for %s", path)
+			: error("cannot unlink %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno)));
+
+	handle_cache(path, sha1, rerere_path(hex, "preimage"));
+	fprintf(stderr, "Updated preimage for '%s'\n", path);
+
+
+	string_list_insert(path, rr)->util = hex;
+	fprintf(stderr, "Forgot resolution for %s\n", path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int i, fd;
+	struct string_list conflict = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list merge_rr = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		return error("Could not read index");
+
+	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE);
+
+	unmerge_cache(pathspec);
+	find_conflict(&conflict);
+	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &conflict.items[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
+				    0, NULL))
+			continue;
+		rerere_forget_one_path(it->string, &merge_rr);
+	}
+	return write_rr(&merge_rr, fd);
+}
diff --git a/rerere.h b/rerere.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaa9004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rerere.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef RERERE_H
+#define RERERE_H
+
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+#define RERERE_AUTOUPDATE   01
+#define RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE 02
+
+extern int setup_rerere(struct string_list *, int);
+extern int rerere(int);
+extern const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file);
+extern int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex);
+extern int rerere_forget(const char **);
+
+#define OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(v) OPT_UYN(0, "rerere-autoupdate", (v), \
+	"update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible")
+
+#endif
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f50ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/* The only error case is to run out of memory in string-list */
+void record_resolve_undo(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *lost;
+	struct resolve_undo_info *ui;
+	struct string_list *resolve_undo;
+	int stage = ce_stage(ce);
+
+	if (!stage)
+		return;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo) {
+		resolve_undo = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*resolve_undo));
+		resolve_undo->strdup_strings = 1;
+		istate->resolve_undo = resolve_undo;
+	}
+	resolve_undo = istate->resolve_undo;
+	lost = string_list_insert(ce->name, resolve_undo);
+	if (!lost->util)
+		lost->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ui));
+	ui = lost->util;
+	hashcpy(ui->sha1[stage - 1], ce->sha1);
+	ui->mode[stage - 1] = ce->ce_mode;
+}
+
+static int write_one(struct string_list_item *item, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct strbuf *sb = cbdata;
+	struct resolve_undo_info *ui = item->util;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!ui)
+		return 0;
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, item->string);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%o%c", ui->mode[i], 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		if (!ui->mode[i])
+			continue;
+		strbuf_add(sb, ui->sha1[i], 20);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *sb, struct string_list *resolve_undo)
+{
+	for_each_string_list(write_one, resolve_undo, sb);
+}
+
+struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct string_list *resolve_undo;
+	size_t len;
+	char *endptr;
+	int i;
+
+	resolve_undo = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*resolve_undo));
+	resolve_undo->strdup_strings = 1;
+
+	while (size) {
+		struct string_list_item *lost;
+		struct resolve_undo_info *ui;
+
+		len = strlen(data) + 1;
+		if (size <= len)
+			goto error;
+		lost = string_list_insert(data, resolve_undo);
+		if (!lost->util)
+			lost->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ui));
+		ui = lost->util;
+		size -= len;
+		data += len;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			ui->mode[i] = strtoul(data, &endptr, 8);
+			if (!endptr || endptr == data || *endptr)
+				goto error;
+			len = (endptr + 1) - (char*)data;
+			if (size <= len)
+				goto error;
+			size -= len;
+			data += len;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			if (!ui->mode[i])
+				continue;
+			if (size < 20)
+				goto error;
+			hashcpy(ui->sha1[i], (const unsigned char *)data);
+			size -= 20;
+			data += 20;
+		}
+	}
+	return resolve_undo;
+
+error:
+	string_list_clear(resolve_undo, 1);
+	error("Index records invalid resolve-undo information");
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct string_list *resolve_undo = istate->resolve_undo;
+	if (!resolve_undo)
+		return;
+	string_list_clear(resolve_undo, 1);
+	free(resolve_undo);
+	istate->resolve_undo = NULL;
+	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+}
+
+int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct resolve_undo_info *ru;
+	int i, err = 0;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return pos;
+
+	ce = istate->cache[pos];
+	if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+		/* already unmerged */
+		while ((pos < istate->cache_nr) &&
+		       ! strcmp(istate->cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
+			pos++;
+		return pos - 1; /* return the last entry processed */
+	}
+	item = string_list_lookup(ce->name, istate->resolve_undo);
+	if (!item)
+		return pos;
+	ru = item->util;
+	if (!ru)
+		return pos;
+	remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *nce;
+		if (!ru->mode[i])
+			continue;
+		nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->sha1[i],
+				       ce->name, i + 1, 0);
+		if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
+			err = 1;
+			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", ce->name);
+		}
+	}
+	if (err)
+		return pos;
+	free(ru);
+	item->util = NULL;
+	return unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
+}
+
+void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+			continue;
+		i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/resolve-undo.h b/resolve-undo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8458769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolve-undo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef RESOLVE_UNDO_H
+#define RESOLVE_UNDO_H
+
+struct resolve_undo_info {
+	unsigned int mode[3];
+	unsigned char sha1[3][20];
+};
+
+extern void record_resolve_undo(struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *);
+extern void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *, struct string_list *);
+extern struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *, unsigned long);
+extern void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *);
+extern int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int);
+extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const char **);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ba6d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2075 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "grep.h"
+#include "reflog-walk.h"
+#include "patch-ids.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+
+volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
+
+char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name)
+{
+	const struct name_path *p;
+	char *n, *m;
+	int nlen = strlen(name);
+	int len = nlen + 1;
+
+	for (p = path; p; p = p->up) {
+		if (p->elem_len)
+			len += p->elem_len + 1;
+	}
+	n = xmalloc(len);
+	m = n + len - (nlen + 1);
+	strcpy(m, name);
+	for (p = path; p; p = p->up) {
+		if (p->elem_len) {
+			m -= p->elem_len + 1;
+			memcpy(m, p->elem, p->elem_len);
+			m[p->elem_len] = '/';
+		}
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+void add_object(struct object *obj,
+		struct object_array *p,
+		struct name_path *path,
+		const char *name)
+{
+	add_object_array(obj, path_name(path, name), p);
+}
+
+static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
+{
+	if (!blob)
+		return;
+	if (blob->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return;
+	blob->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+}
+
+void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return;
+	if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	if (!has_sha1_file(obj->sha1))
+		return;
+	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
+		die("bad tree %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		switch (object_type(entry.mode)) {
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+			mark_tree_uninteresting(lookup_tree(entry.sha1));
+			break;
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			mark_blob_uninteresting(lookup_blob(entry.sha1));
+			break;
+		default:
+			/* Subproject commit - not in this repository */
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't care about the tree any more
+	 * after it has been marked uninteresting.
+	 */
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
+
+	while (parents) {
+		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+
+			/*
+			 * Normally we haven't parsed the parent
+			 * yet, so we won't have a parent of a parent
+			 * here. However, it may turn out that we've
+			 * reached this commit some other way (where it
+			 * wasn't uninteresting), in which case we need
+			 * to mark its parents recursively too..
+			 */
+			if (commit->parents)
+				mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * A missing commit is ok iff its parent is marked
+		 * uninteresting.
+		 *
+		 * We just mark such a thing parsed, so that when
+		 * it is popped next time around, we won't be trying
+		 * to parse it and get an error.
+		 */
+		if (!has_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1))
+			commit->object.parsed = 1;
+		parents = parents->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name, unsigned mode)
+{
+	if (revs->no_walk && (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+		revs->no_walk = 0;
+	if (revs->reflog_info && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, &buf);
+		int st;
+
+		if (0 < len && name[len] && buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, name + len);
+		st = add_reflog_for_walk(revs->reflog_info,
+					 (struct commit *)obj,
+					 buf.buf[0] ? buf.buf: name);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		if (st)
+			return;
+	}
+	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode);
+}
+
+void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name)
+{
+	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, obj, name, S_IFINVALID);
+}
+
+void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object *obj;
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
+		return;
+	obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return;
+	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
+}
+
+static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct object *object;
+
+	object = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!object)
+		die("bad object %s", name);
+	object->flags |= flags;
+	return object;
+}
+
+static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object, const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned long flags = object->flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * Tag object? Look what it points to..
+	 */
+	while (object->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) object;
+		if (revs->tag_objects && !(flags & UNINTERESTING))
+			add_pending_object(revs, object, tag->tag);
+		if (!tag->tagged)
+			die("bad tag");
+		object = parse_object(tag->tagged->sha1);
+		if (!object) {
+			if (flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				return NULL;
+			die("bad object %s", sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Commit object? Just return it, we'll do all the complex
+	 * reachability crud.
+	 */
+	if (object->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)object;
+		if (parse_commit(commit) < 0)
+			die("unable to parse commit %s", name);
+		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+			revs->limited = 1;
+		}
+		if (revs->show_source && !commit->util)
+			commit->util = (void *) name;
+		return commit;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Tree object? Either mark it uninteresting, or add it
+	 * to the list of objects to look at later..
+	 */
+	if (object->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		struct tree *tree = (struct tree *)object;
+		if (!revs->tree_objects)
+			return NULL;
+		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			mark_tree_uninteresting(tree);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Blob object? You know the drill by now..
+	 */
+	if (object->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		struct blob *blob = (struct blob *)object;
+		if (!revs->blob_objects)
+			return NULL;
+		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			mark_blob_uninteresting(blob);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	die("%s is unknown object", name);
+}
+
+static int everybody_uninteresting(struct commit_list *orig)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = orig;
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The goal is to get REV_TREE_NEW as the result only if the
+ * diff consists of all '+' (and no other changes), REV_TREE_OLD
+ * if the whole diff is removal of old data, and otherwise
+ * REV_TREE_DIFFERENT (of course if the trees are the same we
+ * want REV_TREE_SAME).
+ * That means that once we get to REV_TREE_DIFFERENT, we do not
+ * have to look any further.
+ */
+static int tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
+
+static void file_add_remove(struct diff_options *options,
+		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
+		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
+{
+	int diff = addremove == '+' ? REV_TREE_NEW : REV_TREE_OLD;
+
+	tree_difference |= diff;
+	if (tree_difference == REV_TREE_DIFFERENT)
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+}
+
+static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
+		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
+		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 const char *fullpath,
+		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
+{
+	tree_difference = REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+}
+
+static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct tree *t1 = parent->tree;
+	struct tree *t2 = commit->tree;
+
+	if (!t1)
+		return REV_TREE_NEW;
+	if (!t2)
+		return REV_TREE_OLD;
+
+	if (revs->simplify_by_decoration) {
+		/*
+		 * If we are simplifying by decoration, then the commit
+		 * is worth showing if it has a tag pointing at it.
+		 */
+		if (lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object))
+			return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
+		/*
+		 * A commit that is not pointed by a tag is uninteresting
+		 * if we are not limited by path.  This means that you will
+		 * see the usual "commits that touch the paths" plus any
+		 * tagged commit by specifying both --simplify-by-decoration
+		 * and pathspec.
+		 */
+		if (!revs->prune_data)
+			return REV_TREE_SAME;
+	}
+
+	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
+	if (diff_tree_sha1(t1->object.sha1, t2->object.sha1, "",
+			   &revs->pruning) < 0)
+		return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
+	return tree_difference;
+}
+
+static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int retval;
+	void *tree;
+	unsigned long size;
+	struct tree_desc empty, real;
+	struct tree *t1 = commit->tree;
+
+	if (!t1)
+		return 0;
+
+	tree = read_object_with_reference(t1->object.sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!tree)
+		return 0;
+	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
+	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);
+
+	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
+	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, "", &revs->pruning);
+	free(tree);
+
+	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
+}
+
+static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp, *parent;
+	int tree_changed = 0, tree_same = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we don't do pruning, everything is interesting
+	 */
+	if (!revs->prune)
+		return;
+
+	if (!commit->tree)
+		return;
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		if (rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, commit))
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Normal non-merge commit? If we don't want to make the
+	 * history dense, we consider it always to be a change..
+	 */
+	if (!revs->dense && !commit->parents->next)
+		return;
+
+	pp = &commit->parents;
+	while ((parent = *pp) != NULL) {
+		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+
+		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
+			die("cannot simplify commit %s (because of %s)",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
+			    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
+		switch (rev_compare_tree(revs, p, commit)) {
+		case REV_TREE_SAME:
+			tree_same = 1;
+			if (!revs->simplify_history || (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+				/* Even if a merge with an uninteresting
+				 * side branch brought the entire change
+				 * we are interested in, we do not want
+				 * to lose the other branches of this
+				 * merge, so we just keep going.
+				 */
+				pp = &parent->next;
+				continue;
+			}
+			parent->next = NULL;
+			commit->parents = parent;
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+			return;
+
+		case REV_TREE_NEW:
+			if (revs->remove_empty_trees &&
+			    rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, p)) {
+				/* We are adding all the specified
+				 * paths from this parent, so the
+				 * history beyond this parent is not
+				 * interesting.  Remove its parents
+				 * (they are grandparents for us).
+				 * IOW, we pretend this parent is a
+				 * "root" commit.
+				 */
+				if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
+					die("cannot simplify commit %s (invalid %s)",
+					    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
+					    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
+				p->parents = NULL;
+			}
+		/* fallthrough */
+		case REV_TREE_OLD:
+		case REV_TREE_DIFFERENT:
+			tree_changed = 1;
+			pp = &parent->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	}
+	if (tree_changed && !tree_same)
+		return;
+	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+}
+
+static void insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
+		    struct commit_list *cached_base, struct commit_list **cache)
+{
+	struct commit_list *new_entry;
+
+	if (cached_base && p->date < cached_base->item->date)
+		new_entry = insert_by_date(p, &cached_base->next);
+	else
+		new_entry = insert_by_date(p, head);
+
+	if (cache && (!*cache || p->date < (*cache)->item->date))
+		*cache = new_entry;
+}
+
+static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+		    struct commit_list **list, struct commit_list **cache_ptr)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+	unsigned left_flag;
+	struct commit_list *cached_base = cache_ptr ? *cache_ptr : NULL;
+
+	if (commit->object.flags & ADDED)
+		return 0;
+	commit->object.flags |= ADDED;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the commit is uninteresting, don't try to
+	 * prune parents - we want the maximal uninteresting
+	 * set.
+	 *
+	 * Normally we haven't parsed the parent
+	 * yet, so we won't have a parent of a parent
+	 * here. However, it may turn out that we've
+	 * reached this commit some other way (where it
+	 * wasn't uninteresting), in which case we need
+	 * to mark its parents recursively too..
+	 */
+	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+		while (parent) {
+			struct commit *p = parent->item;
+			parent = parent->next;
+			if (p)
+				p->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
+				continue;
+			if (p->parents)
+				mark_parents_uninteresting(p);
+			if (p->object.flags & SEEN)
+				continue;
+			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
+			insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok, the commit wasn't uninteresting. Try to
+	 * simplify the commit history and find the parent
+	 * that has no differences in the path set if one exists.
+	 */
+	try_to_simplify_commit(revs, commit);
+
+	if (revs->no_walk)
+		return 0;
+
+	left_flag = (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT);
+
+	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
+		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+
+		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (revs->show_source && !p->util)
+			p->util = commit->util;
+		p->object.flags |= left_flag;
+		if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN)) {
+			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
+			insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
+		}
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void cherry_pick_list(struct commit_list *list, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int left_count = 0, right_count = 0;
+	int left_first;
+	struct patch_ids ids;
+
+	/* First count the commits on the left and on the right */
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
+		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;
+		if (flags & BOUNDARY)
+			;
+		else if (flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+			left_count++;
+		else
+			right_count++;
+	}
+
+	left_first = left_count < right_count;
+	init_patch_ids(&ids);
+	if (revs->diffopt.nr_paths) {
+		ids.diffopts.nr_paths = revs->diffopt.nr_paths;
+		ids.diffopts.paths = revs->diffopt.paths;
+		ids.diffopts.pathlens = revs->diffopt.pathlens;
+	}
+
+	/* Compute patch-ids for one side */
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
+		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;
+
+		if (flags & BOUNDARY)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * If we have fewer left, left_first is set and we omit
+		 * commits on the right branch in this loop.  If we have
+		 * fewer right, we skip the left ones.
+		 */
+		if (left_first != !!(flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT))
+			continue;
+		commit->util = add_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids);
+	}
+
+	/* Check the other side */
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
+		struct patch_id *id;
+		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;
+
+		if (flags & BOUNDARY)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * If we have fewer left, left_first is set and we omit
+		 * commits on the left branch in this loop.
+		 */
+		if (left_first == !!(flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Have we seen the same patch id?
+		 */
+		id = has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids);
+		if (!id)
+			continue;
+		id->seen = 1;
+		commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+	}
+
+	/* Now check the original side for seen ones */
+	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
+		struct patch_id *ent;
+
+		ent = commit->util;
+		if (!ent)
+			continue;
+		if (ent->seen)
+			commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+		commit->util = NULL;
+	}
+
+	free_patch_ids(&ids);
+}
+
+/* How many extra uninteresting commits we want to see.. */
+#define SLOP 5
+
+static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int slop)
+{
+	/*
+	 * No source list at all? We're definitely done..
+	 */
+	if (!src)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
+	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
+	 */
+	if (date < src->item->date)
+		return SLOP;
+
+	/*
+	 * Does the source list still have interesting commits in
+	 * it? Definitely not done..
+	 */
+	if (!everybody_uninteresting(src))
+		return SLOP;
+
+	/* Ok, we're closing in.. */
+	return slop-1;
+}
+
+static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int slop = SLOP;
+	unsigned long date = ~0ul;
+	struct commit_list *list = revs->commits;
+	struct commit_list *newlist = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **p = &newlist;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *entry = list;
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		struct object *obj = &commit->object;
+		show_early_output_fn_t show;
+
+		list = list->next;
+		free(entry);
+
+		if (revs->max_age != -1 && (commit->date < revs->max_age))
+			obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+		if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &list, NULL) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+			if (revs->show_all)
+				p = &commit_list_insert(commit, p)->next;
+			slop = still_interesting(list, date, slop);
+			if (slop)
+				continue;
+			/* If showing all, add the whole pending list to the end */
+			if (revs->show_all)
+				*p = list;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
+			continue;
+		date = commit->date;
+		p = &commit_list_insert(commit, p)->next;
+
+		show = show_early_output;
+		if (!show)
+			continue;
+
+		show(revs, newlist);
+		show_early_output = NULL;
+	}
+	if (revs->cherry_pick)
+		cherry_pick_list(newlist, revs);
+
+	revs->commits = newlist;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct all_refs_cb {
+	int all_flags;
+	int warned_bad_reflog;
+	struct rev_info *all_revs;
+	const char *name_for_errormsg;
+};
+
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct object *object = get_reference(cb->all_revs, path, sha1,
+					      cb->all_flags);
+	add_pending_object(cb->all_revs, object, path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void init_all_refs_cb(struct all_refs_cb *cb, struct rev_info *revs,
+	unsigned flags)
+{
+	cb->all_revs = revs;
+	cb->all_flags = flags;
+}
+
+static void handle_refs(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags,
+		int (*for_each)(each_ref_fn, void *))
+{
+	struct all_refs_cb cb;
+	init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
+	for_each(handle_one_ref, &cb);
+}
+
+static void handle_one_reflog_commit(unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	if (!is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
+		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (o) {
+			o->flags |= cb->all_flags;
+			add_pending_object(cb->all_revs, o, "");
+		}
+		else if (!cb->warned_bad_reflog) {
+			warning("reflog of '%s' references pruned commits",
+				cb->name_for_errormsg);
+			cb->warned_bad_reflog = 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int handle_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	handle_one_reflog_commit(osha1, cb_data);
+	handle_one_reflog_commit(nsha1, cb_data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	cb->warned_bad_reflog = 0;
+	cb->name_for_errormsg = path;
+	for_each_reflog_ent(path, handle_one_reflog_ent, cb_data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void handle_reflog(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct all_refs_cb cb;
+	cb.all_revs = revs;
+	cb.all_flags = flags;
+	for_each_reflog(handle_one_reflog, &cb);
+}
+
+static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg, int flags)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct object *it;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	if (*arg == '^') {
+		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		arg++;
+	}
+	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+		return 0;
+	while (1) {
+		it = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, 0);
+		if (it->type != OBJ_TAG)
+			break;
+		if (!((struct tag*)it)->tagged)
+			return 0;
+		hashcpy(sha1, ((struct tag*)it)->tagged->sha1);
+	}
+	if (it->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 0;
+	commit = (struct commit *)it;
+	for (parents = commit->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+		it = &parents->item->object;
+		it->flags |= flags;
+		add_pending_object(revs, it, arg);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
+{
+	memset(revs, 0, sizeof(*revs));
+
+	revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	revs->ignore_merges = 1;
+	revs->simplify_history = 1;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, RECURSIVE);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, QUICK);
+	revs->pruning.add_remove = file_add_remove;
+	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
+	revs->lifo = 1;
+	revs->dense = 1;
+	revs->prefix = prefix;
+	revs->max_age = -1;
+	revs->min_age = -1;
+	revs->skip_count = -1;
+	revs->max_count = -1;
+
+	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
+
+	revs->grep_filter.status_only = 1;
+	revs->grep_filter.pattern_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.pattern_list);
+	revs->grep_filter.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
+
+	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
+	if (prefix && !revs->diffopt.prefix) {
+		revs->diffopt.prefix = prefix;
+		revs->diffopt.prefix_length = strlen(prefix);
+	}
+}
+
+static void add_pending_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+                                    struct commit_list *commit_list,
+                                    unsigned int flags)
+{
+	while (commit_list) {
+		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
+		object->flags |= flags;
+		add_pending_object(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+		commit_list = commit_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	struct commit *head, *other;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char **prune = NULL;
+	int i, prune_num = 1; /* counting terminating NULL */
+
+	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) || !(head = lookup_commit(sha1)))
+		die("--merge without HEAD?");
+	if (get_sha1("MERGE_HEAD", sha1) || !(other = lookup_commit(sha1)))
+		die("--merge without MERGE_HEAD?");
+	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
+	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
+	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
+	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
+
+	if (!active_nr)
+		read_cache();
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!ce_stage(ce))
+			continue;
+		if (ce_path_match(ce, revs->prune_data)) {
+			prune_num++;
+			prune = xrealloc(prune, sizeof(*prune) * prune_num);
+			prune[prune_num-2] = ce->name;
+			prune[prune_num-1] = NULL;
+		}
+		while ((i+1 < active_nr) &&
+		       ce_same_name(ce, active_cache[i+1]))
+			i++;
+	}
+	revs->prune_data = prune;
+	revs->limited = 1;
+}
+
+int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,
+			int flags,
+			int cant_be_filename)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	char *dotdot;
+	struct object *object;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int local_flags;
+
+	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
+	if (dotdot) {
+		unsigned char from_sha1[20];
+		const char *next = dotdot + 2;
+		const char *this = arg;
+		int symmetric = *next == '.';
+		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;
+
+		*dotdot = 0;
+		next += symmetric;
+
+		if (!*next)
+			next = "HEAD";
+		if (dotdot == arg)
+			this = "HEAD";
+		if (!get_sha1(this, from_sha1) &&
+		    !get_sha1(next, sha1)) {
+			struct commit *a, *b;
+			struct commit_list *exclude;
+
+			a = lookup_commit_reference(from_sha1);
+			b = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+			if (!a || !b) {
+				die(symmetric ?
+				    "Invalid symmetric difference expression %s...%s" :
+				    "Invalid revision range %s..%s",
+				    arg, next);
+			}
+
+			if (!cant_be_filename) {
+				*dotdot = '.';
+				verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
+			}
+
+			if (symmetric) {
+				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
+							flags_exclude);
+				free_commit_list(exclude);
+				a->object.flags |= flags | SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
+			} else
+				a->object.flags |= flags_exclude;
+			b->object.flags |= flags;
+			add_pending_object(revs, &a->object, this);
+			add_pending_object(revs, &b->object, next);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		*dotdot = '.';
+	}
+	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^@");
+	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
+		*dotdot = 0;
+		if (add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags))
+			return 0;
+		*dotdot = '^';
+	}
+	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!");
+	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
+		*dotdot = 0;
+		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ UNINTERESTING))
+			*dotdot = '^';
+	}
+
+	local_flags = 0;
+	if (*arg == '^') {
+		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
+		arg++;
+	}
+	if (get_sha1_with_mode(arg, sha1, &mode))
+		return -1;
+	if (!cant_be_filename)
+		verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
+	object = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, flags ^ local_flags);
+	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, mode);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void read_pathspec_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs, struct strbuf *sb, const char ***prune_data)
+{
+	const char **prune = *prune_data;
+	int prune_nr;
+	int prune_alloc;
+
+	/* count existing ones */
+	if (!prune)
+		prune_nr = 0;
+	else
+		for (prune_nr = 0; prune[prune_nr]; prune_nr++)
+			;
+	prune_alloc = prune_nr; /* not really, but we do not know */
+
+	while (strbuf_getwholeline(sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+		int len = sb->len;
+		if (len && sb->buf[len - 1] == '\n')
+			sb->buf[--len] = '\0';
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
+		prune[prune_nr++] = xstrdup(sb->buf);
+	}
+	if (prune) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
+		prune[prune_nr] = NULL;
+	}
+	*prune_data = prune;
+}
+
+static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs, const char ***prune)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb;
+	int seen_dashdash = 0;
+
+	strbuf_init(&sb, 1000);
+	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+		int len = sb.len;
+		if (len && sb.buf[len - 1] == '\n')
+			sb.buf[--len] = '\0';
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (sb.buf[0] == '-') {
+			if (len == 2 && sb.buf[1] == '-') {
+				seen_dashdash = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
+		}
+		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, 1))
+			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
+	}
+	if (seen_dashdash)
+		read_pathspec_from_stdin(revs, &sb, prune);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static void add_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *ptn, enum grep_pat_token what)
+{
+	append_grep_pattern(&revs->grep_filter, ptn, "command line", 0, what);
+}
+
+static void add_header_grep(struct rev_info *revs, enum grep_header_field field, const char *pattern)
+{
+	append_header_grep_pattern(&revs->grep_filter, field, pattern);
+}
+
+static void add_message_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *pattern)
+{
+	add_grep(revs, pattern, GREP_PATTERN_BODY);
+}
+
+static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **argv,
+			       int *unkc, const char **unkv)
+{
+	const char *arg = argv[0];
+
+	/* pseudo revision arguments */
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "--all") || !strcmp(arg, "--branches") ||
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--tags") || !strcmp(arg, "--remotes") ||
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--reflog") || !strcmp(arg, "--not") ||
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--no-walk") || !strcmp(arg, "--do-walk") ||
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect"))
+	{
+		unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-count=")) {
+		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 12);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--skip=")) {
+		revs->skip_count = atoi(arg + 7);
+	} else if ((*arg == '-') && isdigit(arg[1])) {
+	/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
+		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 1);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+		if (argc <= 1)
+			return error("-n requires an argument");
+		revs->max_count = atoi(argv[1]);
+		return 2;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 2);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-age=")) {
+		revs->max_age = atoi(arg + 10);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--since=")) {
+		revs->max_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--after=")) {
+		revs->max_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--min-age=")) {
+		revs->min_age = atoi(arg + 10);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--before=")) {
+		revs->min_age = approxidate(arg + 9);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--until=")) {
+		revs->min_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--first-parent")) {
+		revs->first_parent_only = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-g") || !strcmp(arg, "--walk-reflogs")) {
+		init_reflog_walk(&revs->reflog_info);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
+		if (argc <= 1)
+			return error("bad --default argument");
+		revs->def = argv[1];
+		return 2;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge")) {
+		revs->show_merge = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--topo-order")) {
+		revs->lifo = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
+		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
+		revs->simplify_history = 0;
+		revs->limited = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-by-decoration")) {
+		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
+		revs->simplify_history = 0;
+		revs->simplify_by_decoration = 1;
+		revs->limited = 1;
+		revs->prune = 1;
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--date-order")) {
+		revs->lifo = 0;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--early-output")) {
+		int count = 100;
+		switch (arg[14]) {
+		case '=':
+			count = atoi(arg+15);
+			/* Fallthrough */
+		case 0:
+			revs->topo_order = 1;
+		       revs->early_output = count;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--parents")) {
+		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
+		revs->print_parents = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--dense")) {
+		revs->dense = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--sparse")) {
+		revs->dense = 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-all")) {
+		revs->show_all = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--remove-empty")) {
+		revs->remove_empty_trees = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merges")) {
+		revs->merges_only = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-merges")) {
+		revs->no_merges = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--boundary")) {
+		revs->boundary = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--left-right")) {
+		revs->left_right = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cherry-pick")) {
+		revs->cherry_pick = 1;
+		revs->limited = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--objects")) {
+		revs->tag_objects = 1;
+		revs->tree_objects = 1;
+		revs->blob_objects = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--objects-edge")) {
+		revs->tag_objects = 1;
+		revs->tree_objects = 1;
+		revs->blob_objects = 1;
+		revs->edge_hint = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--unpacked")) {
+		revs->unpacked = 1;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
+		die("--unpacked=<packfile> no longer supported.");
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
+		revs->diff = 1;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-t")) {
+		revs->diff = 1;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-m")) {
+		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-c")) {
+		revs->diff = 1;
+		revs->dense_combined_merges = 0;
+		revs->combine_merges = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cc")) {
+		revs->diff = 1;
+		revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
+		revs->combine_merges = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-v")) {
+		revs->verbose_header = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pretty")) {
+		revs->verbose_header = 1;
+		revs->pretty_given = 1;
+		get_commit_format(arg+8, revs);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pretty=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--format=")) {
+		revs->verbose_header = 1;
+		revs->pretty_given = 1;
+		get_commit_format(arg+9, revs);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-notes")) {
+		revs->show_notes = 1;
+		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-notes")) {
+		revs->show_notes = 0;
+		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--oneline")) {
+		revs->verbose_header = 1;
+		get_commit_format("oneline", revs);
+		revs->pretty_given = 1;
+		revs->abbrev_commit = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--graph")) {
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
+		revs->graph = graph_init(revs);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--root")) {
+		revs->show_root_diff = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-commit-id")) {
+		revs->no_commit_id = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--always")) {
+		revs->always_show_header = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-abbrev")) {
+		revs->abbrev = 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev")) {
+		revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
+		revs->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
+		if (revs->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
+			revs->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
+		else if (revs->abbrev > 40)
+			revs->abbrev = 40;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev-commit")) {
+		revs->abbrev_commit = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-diff")) {
+		revs->diff = 1;
+		revs->full_diff = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-history")) {
+		revs->simplify_history = 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative-date")) {
+		revs->date_mode = DATE_RELATIVE;
+		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
+	} else if (!strncmp(arg, "--date=", 7)) {
+		revs->date_mode = parse_date_format(arg + 7);
+		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--log-size")) {
+		revs->show_log_size = 1;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Grepping the commit log
+	 */
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--author=")) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR, arg+9);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--committer=")) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, arg+12);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--grep=")) {
+		add_message_grep(revs, arg+7);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fixed-strings") || !strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.fixed = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--encoding=")) {
+		arg += 11;
+		if (strcmp(arg, "none"))
+			git_log_output_encoding = xstrdup(arg);
+		else
+			git_log_output_encoding = "";
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reverse")) {
+		revs->reverse ^= 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--children")) {
+		revs->children.name = "children";
+		revs->limited = 1;
+	} else {
+		int opts = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv, argc);
+		if (!opts)
+			unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
+		return opts;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+			const struct option *options,
+			const char * const usagestr[])
+{
+	int n = handle_revision_opt(revs, ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
+				    &ctx->cpidx, ctx->out);
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		error("unknown option `%s'", ctx->argv[0]);
+		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
+	}
+	ctx->argv += n;
+	ctx->argc -= n;
+}
+
+static int for_each_bad_bisect_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+static int for_each_good_bisect_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+static void append_prune_data(const char ***prune_data, const char **av)
+{
+	const char **prune = *prune_data;
+	int prune_nr;
+	int prune_alloc;
+
+	if (!prune) {
+		*prune_data = av;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* count existing ones */
+	for (prune_nr = 0; prune[prune_nr]; prune_nr++)
+		;
+	prune_alloc = prune_nr; /* not really, but we do not know */
+
+	while (*av) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
+		prune[prune_nr++] = *av;
+		av++;
+	}
+	if (prune) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
+		prune[prune_nr] = NULL;
+	}
+	*prune_data = prune;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse revision information, filling in the "rev_info" structure,
+ * and removing the used arguments from the argument list.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of arguments left that weren't recognized
+ * (which are also moved to the head of the argument list)
+ */
+int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, const char *def)
+{
+	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin;
+	const char **prune_data = NULL;
+
+	/* First, search for "--" */
+	seen_dashdash = 0;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (strcmp(arg, "--"))
+			continue;
+		argv[i] = NULL;
+		argc = i;
+		if (argv[i + 1])
+			prune_data = argv + i + 1;
+		seen_dashdash = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/* Second, deal with arguments and options */
+	flags = 0;
+	read_from_stdin = 0;
+	for (left = i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
+		if (*arg == '-') {
+			int opts;
+
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
+				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_ref);
+				handle_refs(revs, flags, head_ref);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
+				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_branch_ref);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
+				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
+				handle_refs(revs, flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
+				revs->bisect = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
+				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_tag_ref);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
+				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_remote_ref);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=")) {
+				struct all_refs_cb cb;
+				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
+				for_each_glob_ref(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, &cb);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
+				struct all_refs_cb cb;
+				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
+				for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 11, "refs/heads/", &cb);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
+				struct all_refs_cb cb;
+				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
+				for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, "refs/tags/", &cb);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
+				struct all_refs_cb cb;
+				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
+				for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 10, "refs/remotes/", &cb);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--reflog")) {
+				handle_reflog(revs, flags);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
+				flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
+				revs->no_walk = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--do-walk")) {
+				revs->no_walk = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stdin")) {
+				if (revs->disable_stdin) {
+					argv[left++] = arg;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (read_from_stdin++)
+					die("--stdin given twice?");
+				read_revisions_from_stdin(revs, &prune_data);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			opts = handle_revision_opt(revs, argc - i, argv + i, &left, argv);
+			if (opts > 0) {
+				i += opts - 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (opts < 0)
+				exit(128);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, seen_dashdash)) {
+			int j;
+			if (seen_dashdash || *arg == '^')
+				die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
+
+			/* If we didn't have a "--":
+			 * (1) all filenames must exist;
+			 * (2) all rev-args must not be interpretable
+			 *     as a valid filename.
+			 * but the latter we have checked in the main loop.
+			 */
+			for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
+				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j]);
+
+			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (prune_data)
+		revs->prune_data = get_pathspec(revs->prefix, prune_data);
+
+	if (revs->def == NULL)
+		revs->def = def;
+	if (revs->show_merge)
+		prepare_show_merge(revs);
+	if (revs->def && !revs->pending.nr) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object *object;
+		unsigned mode;
+		if (get_sha1_with_mode(revs->def, sha1, &mode))
+			die("bad default revision '%s'", revs->def);
+		object = get_reference(revs, revs->def, sha1, 0);
+		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, mode);
+	}
+
+	/* Did the user ask for any diff output? Run the diff! */
+	if (revs->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT)
+		revs->diff = 1;
+
+	/* Pickaxe, diff-filter and rename following need diffs */
+	if (revs->diffopt.pickaxe ||
+	    revs->diffopt.filter ||
+	    DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
+		revs->diff = 1;
+
+	if (revs->topo_order)
+		revs->limited = 1;
+
+	if (revs->prune_data) {
+		diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data, &revs->pruning);
+		/* Can't prune commits with rename following: the paths change.. */
+		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
+			revs->prune = 1;
+		if (!revs->full_diff)
+			diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data, &revs->diffopt);
+	}
+	if (revs->combine_merges) {
+		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
+		if (revs->dense_combined_merges && !revs->diffopt.output_format)
+			revs->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	}
+	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
+	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
+		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+
+	compile_grep_patterns(&revs->grep_filter);
+
+	if (revs->reverse && revs->reflog_info)
+		die("cannot combine --reverse with --walk-reflogs");
+	if (revs->rewrite_parents && revs->children.name)
+		die("cannot combine --parents and --children");
+
+	/*
+	 * Limitations on the graph functionality
+	 */
+	if (revs->reverse && revs->graph)
+		die("cannot combine --reverse with --graph");
+
+	if (revs->reflog_info && revs->graph)
+		die("cannot combine --walk-reflogs with --graph");
+
+	return left;
+}
+
+static void add_child(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *child)
+{
+	struct commit_list *l = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*l));
+
+	l->item = child;
+	l->next = add_decoration(&revs->children, &parent->object, l);
+}
+
+static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
+	int surviving_parents;
+
+	/* Examine existing parents while marking ones we have seen... */
+	pp = &commit->parents;
+	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+			*pp = p->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+		pp = &p->next;
+	}
+	/* count them while clearing the temporary mark */
+	surviving_parents = 0;
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+		surviving_parents++;
+	}
+	return surviving_parents;
+}
+
+struct merge_simplify_state {
+	struct commit *simplified;
+};
+
+static struct merge_simplify_state *locate_simplify_state(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct merge_simplify_state *st;
+
+	st = lookup_decoration(&revs->merge_simplification, &commit->object);
+	if (!st) {
+		st = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*st));
+		add_decoration(&revs->merge_simplification, &commit->object, st);
+	}
+	return st;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **tail)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct merge_simplify_state *st, *pst;
+	int cnt;
+
+	st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * Have we handled this one?
+	 */
+	if (st->simplified)
+		return tail;
+
+	/*
+	 * An UNINTERESTING commit simplifies to itself, so does a
+	 * root commit.  We do not rewrite parents of such commit
+	 * anyway.
+	 */
+	if ((commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) || !commit->parents) {
+		st->simplified = commit;
+		return tail;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents should be rewritten to?
+	 * Otherwise we are not ready to rewrite this one yet.
+	 */
+	for (cnt = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
+		if (!pst->simplified) {
+			tail = &commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next;
+			cnt++;
+		}
+	}
+	if (cnt) {
+		tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
+		return tail;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Rewrite our list of parents.
+	 */
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
+		p->item = pst->simplified;
+	}
+	cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
+	 * does not have any commit that touches the given paths;
+	 * in such a case, the immediate parents will be rewritten
+	 * to different commits.
+	 *
+	 *      o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
+	 *     /    /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
+	 * ---o----'
+	 *
+	 * Further reduce the parents by removing redundant parents.
+	 */
+	if (1 < cnt) {
+		struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
+		cnt = commit_list_count(h);
+		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
+		commit->parents = h;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * A commit simplifies to itself if it is a root, if it is
+	 * UNINTERESTING, if it touches the given paths, or if it is a
+	 * merge and its parents simplifies to more than one commits
+	 * (the first two cases are already handled at the beginning of
+	 * this function).
+	 *
+	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole parent simplifies to.
+	 */
+	if (!cnt ||
+	    (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) ||
+	    !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME) ||
+	    (1 < cnt))
+		st->simplified = commit;
+	else {
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit->parents->item);
+		st->simplified = pst->simplified;
+	}
+	return tail;
+}
+
+static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	struct commit_list *yet_to_do, **tail;
+
+	if (!revs->topo_order)
+		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+	if (!revs->prune)
+		return;
+
+	/* feed the list reversed */
+	yet_to_do = NULL;
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next)
+		commit_list_insert(list->item, &yet_to_do);
+	while (yet_to_do) {
+		list = yet_to_do;
+		yet_to_do = NULL;
+		tail = &yet_to_do;
+		while (list) {
+			struct commit *commit = list->item;
+			struct commit_list *next = list->next;
+			free(list);
+			list = next;
+			tail = simplify_one(revs, commit, tail);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* clean up the result, removing the simplified ones */
+	list = revs->commits;
+	revs->commits = NULL;
+	tail = &revs->commits;
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
+		struct merge_simplify_state *st;
+		free(list);
+		list = next;
+		st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);
+		if (st->simplified == commit)
+			tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void set_children(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit_list *l;
+	for (l = revs->commits; l; l = l->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = l->item;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+
+		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
+			add_child(revs, p->item, commit);
+	}
+}
+
+int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int nr = revs->pending.nr;
+	struct object_array_entry *e, *list;
+
+	e = list = revs->pending.objects;
+	revs->pending.nr = 0;
+	revs->pending.alloc = 0;
+	revs->pending.objects = NULL;
+	while (--nr >= 0) {
+		struct commit *commit = handle_commit(revs, e->item, e->name);
+		if (commit) {
+			if (!(commit->object.flags & SEEN)) {
+				commit->object.flags |= SEEN;
+				insert_by_date(commit, &revs->commits);
+			}
+		}
+		e++;
+	}
+	free(list);
+
+	if (revs->no_walk)
+		return 0;
+	if (revs->limited)
+		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	if (revs->topo_order)
+		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+	if (revs->simplify_merges)
+		simplify_merges(revs);
+	if (revs->children.name)
+		set_children(revs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum rewrite_result {
+	rewrite_one_ok,
+	rewrite_one_noparents,
+	rewrite_one_error,
+};
+
+static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp)
+{
+	struct commit_list *cache = NULL;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct commit *p = *pp;
+		if (!revs->limited)
+			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
+				return rewrite_one_error;
+		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!p->parents)
+			return rewrite_one_noparents;
+		*pp = p->parents->item;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp = &commit->parents;
+	while (*pp) {
+		struct commit_list *parent = *pp;
+		switch (rewrite_one(revs, &parent->item)) {
+		case rewrite_one_ok:
+			break;
+		case rewrite_one_noparents:
+			*pp = parent->next;
+			continue;
+		case rewrite_one_error:
+			return -1;
+		}
+		pp = &parent->next;
+	}
+	remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
+{
+	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list)
+		return 1;
+	return grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
+			   NULL, /* we say nothing, not even filename */
+			   commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
+}
+
+static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	return (revs->rewrite_parents || revs->children.name);
+}
+
+enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (revs->unpacked && has_sha1_pack(commit->object.sha1))
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (revs->show_all)
+		return commit_show;
+	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (revs->no_merges && commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (revs->merges_only && !(commit->parents && commit->parents->next))
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (!commit_match(commit, revs))
+		return commit_ignore;
+	if (revs->prune && revs->dense) {
+		/* Commit without changes? */
+		if (commit->object.flags & TREESAME) {
+			/* drop merges unless we want parenthood */
+			if (!want_ancestry(revs))
+				return commit_ignore;
+			/* non-merge - always ignore it */
+			if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
+				return commit_ignore;
+		}
+	}
+	return commit_show;
+}
+
+enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	enum commit_action action = get_commit_action(revs, commit);
+
+	if (action == commit_show &&
+	    !revs->show_all &&
+	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {
+		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit) < 0)
+			return commit_error;
+	}
+	return action;
+}
+
+static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (!revs->commits)
+		return NULL;
+
+	do {
+		struct commit_list *entry = revs->commits;
+		struct commit *commit = entry->item;
+
+		revs->commits = entry->next;
+		free(entry);
+
+		if (revs->reflog_info)
+			fake_reflog_parent(revs->reflog_info, commit);
+
+		/*
+		 * If we haven't done the list limiting, we need to look at
+		 * the parents here. We also need to do the date-based limiting
+		 * that we'd otherwise have done in limit_list().
+		 */
+		if (!revs->limited) {
+			if (revs->max_age != -1 &&
+			    (commit->date < revs->max_age))
+				continue;
+			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0)
+				die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
+				    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		}
+
+		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
+		case commit_ignore:
+			continue;
+		case commit_error:
+			die("Failed to simplify parents of commit %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		default:
+			return commit;
+		}
+	} while (revs->commits);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr;
+	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	if (alloc <= nr) {
+		unsigned i, j;
+		for (i = j = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+			if (objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)
+				continue;
+			if (i != j)
+				objects[j] = objects[i];
+			j++;
+		}
+		for (i = j; i < nr; i++)
+			objects[i].item = NULL;
+		array->nr = j;
+	}
+}
+
+static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+	struct commit *c;
+	struct object_array *array = &revs->boundary_commits;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	/*
+	 * If revs->commits is non-NULL at this point, an error occurred in
+	 * get_revision_1().  Ignore the error and continue printing the
+	 * boundary commits anyway.  (This is what the code has always
+	 * done.)
+	 */
+	if (revs->commits) {
+		free_commit_list(revs->commits);
+		revs->commits = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Put all of the actual boundary commits from revs->boundary_commits
+	 * into revs->commits
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++) {
+		c = (struct commit *)(objects[i].item);
+		if (!c)
+			continue;
+		if (!(c->object.flags & CHILD_SHOWN))
+			continue;
+		if (c->object.flags & (SHOWN | BOUNDARY))
+			continue;
+		c->object.flags |= BOUNDARY;
+		commit_list_insert(c, &revs->commits);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If revs->topo_order is set, sort the boundary commits
+	 * in topological order
+	 */
+	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+}
+
+static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit *c = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *l;
+
+	if (revs->boundary == 2) {
+		/*
+		 * All of the normal commits have already been returned,
+		 * and we are now returning boundary commits.
+		 * create_boundary_commit_list() has populated
+		 * revs->commits with the remaining commits to return.
+		 */
+		c = pop_commit(&revs->commits);
+		if (c)
+			c->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+		return c;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now pick up what they want to give us
+	 */
+	c = get_revision_1(revs);
+	if (c) {
+		while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
+			revs->skip_count--;
+			c = get_revision_1(revs);
+			if (!c)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the max_count.
+	 */
+	switch (revs->max_count) {
+	case -1:
+		break;
+	case 0:
+		c = NULL;
+		break;
+	default:
+		revs->max_count--;
+	}
+
+	if (c)
+		c->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+
+	if (!revs->boundary) {
+		return c;
+	}
+
+	if (!c) {
+		/*
+		 * get_revision_1() runs out the commits, and
+		 * we are done computing the boundaries.
+		 * switch to boundary commits output mode.
+		 */
+		revs->boundary = 2;
+
+		/*
+		 * Update revs->commits to contain the list of
+		 * boundary commits.
+		 */
+		create_boundary_commit_list(revs);
+
+		return get_revision_internal(revs);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * boundary commits are the commits that are parents of the
+	 * ones we got from get_revision_1() but they themselves are
+	 * not returned from get_revision_1().  Before returning
+	 * 'c', we need to mark its parents that they could be boundaries.
+	 */
+
+	for (l = c->parents; l; l = l->next) {
+		struct object *p;
+		p = &(l->item->object);
+		if (p->flags & (CHILD_SHOWN | SHOWN))
+			continue;
+		p->flags |= CHILD_SHOWN;
+		gc_boundary(&revs->boundary_commits);
+		add_object_array(p, NULL, &revs->boundary_commits);
+	}
+
+	return c;
+}
+
+struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct commit *c;
+	struct commit_list *reversed;
+
+	if (revs->reverse) {
+		reversed = NULL;
+		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs))) {
+			commit_list_insert(c, &reversed);
+		}
+		revs->commits = reversed;
+		revs->reverse = 0;
+		revs->reverse_output_stage = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (revs->reverse_output_stage)
+		return pop_commit(&revs->commits);
+
+	c = get_revision_internal(revs);
+	if (c && revs->graph)
+		graph_update(revs->graph, c);
+	return c;
+}
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a14deef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#ifndef REVISION_H
+#define REVISION_H
+
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "grep.h"
+
+#define SEEN		(1u<<0)
+#define UNINTERESTING   (1u<<1)
+#define TREESAME	(1u<<2)
+#define SHOWN		(1u<<3)
+#define TMP_MARK	(1u<<4) /* for isolated cases; clean after use */
+#define BOUNDARY	(1u<<5)
+#define CHILD_SHOWN	(1u<<6)
+#define ADDED		(1u<<7)	/* Parents already parsed and added? */
+#define SYMMETRIC_LEFT	(1u<<8)
+#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<9)-1)
+
+#define DECORATE_SHORT_REFS	1
+#define DECORATE_FULL_REFS	2
+
+struct rev_info;
+struct log_info;
+
+struct rev_info {
+	/* Starting list */
+	struct commit_list *commits;
+	struct object_array pending;
+
+	/* Parents of shown commits */
+	struct object_array boundary_commits;
+
+	/* Basic information */
+	const char *prefix;
+	const char *def;
+	void *prune_data;
+	unsigned int early_output;
+
+	/* Traversal flags */
+	unsigned int	dense:1,
+			prune:1,
+			no_merges:1,
+			merges_only:1,
+			no_walk:1,
+			show_all:1,
+			remove_empty_trees:1,
+			simplify_history:1,
+			lifo:1,
+			topo_order:1,
+			simplify_merges:1,
+			simplify_by_decoration:1,
+			tag_objects:1,
+			tree_objects:1,
+			blob_objects:1,
+			edge_hint:1,
+			limited:1,
+			unpacked:1,
+			boundary:2,
+			left_right:1,
+			rewrite_parents:1,
+			print_parents:1,
+			show_source:1,
+			show_decorations:1,
+			reverse:1,
+			reverse_output_stage:1,
+			cherry_pick:1,
+			bisect:1,
+			first_parent_only:1;
+
+	/* Diff flags */
+	unsigned int	diff:1,
+			full_diff:1,
+			show_root_diff:1,
+			no_commit_id:1,
+			verbose_header:1,
+			ignore_merges:1,
+			combine_merges:1,
+			dense_combined_merges:1,
+			always_show_header:1;
+
+	/* Format info */
+	unsigned int	shown_one:1,
+			show_merge:1,
+			show_notes:1,
+			show_notes_given:1,
+			pretty_given:1,
+			abbrev_commit:1,
+			use_terminator:1,
+			missing_newline:1,
+			date_mode_explicit:1;
+	unsigned int	disable_stdin:1;
+
+	enum date_mode date_mode;
+
+	unsigned int	abbrev;
+	enum cmit_fmt	commit_format;
+	struct log_info *loginfo;
+	int		nr, total;
+	const char	*mime_boundary;
+	const char	*patch_suffix;
+	int		numbered_files;
+	char		*message_id;
+	struct string_list *ref_message_ids;
+	const char	*add_signoff;
+	const char	*extra_headers;
+	const char	*log_reencode;
+	const char	*subject_prefix;
+	int		no_inline;
+	int		show_log_size;
+
+	/* Filter by commit log message */
+	struct grep_opt	grep_filter;
+
+	/* Display history graph */
+	struct git_graph *graph;
+
+	/* special limits */
+	int skip_count;
+	int max_count;
+	unsigned long max_age;
+	unsigned long min_age;
+
+	/* diff info for patches and for paths limiting */
+	struct diff_options diffopt;
+	struct diff_options pruning;
+
+	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
+	struct decoration children;
+	struct decoration merge_simplification;
+};
+
+#define REV_TREE_SAME		0
+#define REV_TREE_NEW		1	/* Only new files */
+#define REV_TREE_OLD		2	/* Only files removed */
+#define REV_TREE_DIFFERENT	3	/* Mixed changes */
+
+/* revision.c */
+typedef void (*show_early_output_fn_t)(struct rev_info *, struct commit_list *);
+extern volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
+
+extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
+extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, const char *def);
+extern void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				 const struct option *options,
+				 const char * const usagestr[]);
+extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,int flags,int cant_be_filename);
+
+extern int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
+extern struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs);
+
+extern void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit);
+extern void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree);
+
+struct name_path {
+	struct name_path *up;
+	int elem_len;
+	const char *elem;
+};
+
+char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name);
+
+extern void add_object(struct object *obj,
+		       struct object_array *p,
+		       struct name_path *path,
+		       const char *name);
+
+extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name);
+
+extern void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *);
+
+enum commit_action {
+	commit_ignore,
+	commit_show,
+	commit_error
+};
+
+extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2feb493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+
+static inline void close_pair(int fd[2])
+{
+	close(fd[0]);
+	close(fd[1]);
+}
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+static inline void dup_devnull(int to)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	dup2(fd, to);
+	close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
+static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
+{
+	int argc, nargc = 0;
+	const char **nargv;
+
+	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
+		; /* just counting */
+	/* +1 for NULL, +3 for "sh -c" plus extra $0 */
+	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(*nargv) * (argc + 1 + 3));
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		die("BUG: shell command is empty");
+
+	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
+		nargv[nargc++] = "sh";
+		nargv[nargc++] = "-c";
+
+		if (argc < 2)
+			nargv[nargc++] = argv[0];
+		else {
+			struct strbuf arg0 = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&arg0, "%s \"$@\"", argv[0]);
+			nargv[nargc++] = strbuf_detach(&arg0, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
+		nargv[nargc++] = argv[argc];
+	nargv[nargc] = NULL;
+
+	return nargv;
+}
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+static int execv_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
+{
+	const char **nargv = prepare_shell_cmd(argv);
+	trace_argv_printf(nargv, "trace: exec:");
+	execvp(nargv[0], (char **)nargv);
+	free(nargv);
+	return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+static int child_err = 2;
+static int child_notifier = -1;
+
+static void notify_parent(void)
+{
+	write(child_notifier, "", 1);
+}
+
+static NORETURN void die_child(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	char msg[4096];
+	int len = vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
+	if (len > sizeof(msg))
+		len = sizeof(msg);
+
+	write(child_err, "fatal: ", 7);
+	write(child_err, msg, len);
+	write(child_err, "\n", 1);
+	exit(128);
+}
+
+static inline void set_cloexec(int fd)
+{
+	int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
+	if (flags >= 0)
+		fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
+{
+	int status, code = -1;
+	pid_t waiting;
+	int failed_errno = 0;
+
+	while ((waiting = waitpid(pid, &status, 0)) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+		;	/* nothing */
+
+	if (waiting < 0) {
+		failed_errno = errno;
+		error("waitpid for %s failed: %s", argv0, strerror(errno));
+	} else if (waiting != pid) {
+		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
+	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+		code = WTERMSIG(status);
+		error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
+		/*
+		 * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
+		 * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
+		 * a program that died from this signal.
+		 */
+		code -= 128;
+	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+		/*
+		 * Convert special exit code when execvp failed.
+		 */
+		if (code == 127) {
+			code = -1;
+			failed_errno = ENOENT;
+			if (!silent_exec_failure)
+				error("cannot run %s: %s", argv0,
+					strerror(ENOENT));
+		}
+	} else {
+		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
+	}
+	errno = failed_errno;
+	return code;
+}
+
+int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
+{
+	int need_in, need_out, need_err;
+	int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
+	int failed_errno = failed_errno;
+
+	/*
+	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
+	 * that have been passed in via ->in and ->out.
+	 */
+
+	need_in = !cmd->no_stdin && cmd->in < 0;
+	if (need_in) {
+		if (pipe(fdin) < 0) {
+			failed_errno = errno;
+			if (cmd->out > 0)
+				close(cmd->out);
+			goto fail_pipe;
+		}
+		cmd->in = fdin[1];
+	}
+
+	need_out = !cmd->no_stdout
+		&& !cmd->stdout_to_stderr
+		&& cmd->out < 0;
+	if (need_out) {
+		if (pipe(fdout) < 0) {
+			failed_errno = errno;
+			if (need_in)
+				close_pair(fdin);
+			else if (cmd->in)
+				close(cmd->in);
+			goto fail_pipe;
+		}
+		cmd->out = fdout[0];
+	}
+
+	need_err = !cmd->no_stderr && cmd->err < 0;
+	if (need_err) {
+		if (pipe(fderr) < 0) {
+			failed_errno = errno;
+			if (need_in)
+				close_pair(fdin);
+			else if (cmd->in)
+				close(cmd->in);
+			if (need_out)
+				close_pair(fdout);
+			else if (cmd->out)
+				close(cmd->out);
+fail_pipe:
+			error("cannot create pipe for %s: %s",
+				cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			errno = failed_errno;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		cmd->err = fderr[0];
+	}
+
+	trace_argv_printf(cmd->argv, "trace: run_command:");
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+{
+	int notify_pipe[2];
+	if (pipe(notify_pipe))
+		notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
+
+	fflush(NULL);
+	cmd->pid = fork();
+	if (!cmd->pid) {
+		/*
+		 * Redirect the channel to write syscall error messages to
+		 * before redirecting the process's stderr so that all die()
+		 * in subsequent call paths use the parent's stderr.
+		 */
+		if (cmd->no_stderr || need_err) {
+			child_err = dup(2);
+			set_cloexec(child_err);
+		}
+		set_die_routine(die_child);
+
+		close(notify_pipe[0]);
+		set_cloexec(notify_pipe[1]);
+		child_notifier = notify_pipe[1];
+		atexit(notify_parent);
+
+		if (cmd->no_stdin)
+			dup_devnull(0);
+		else if (need_in) {
+			dup2(fdin[0], 0);
+			close_pair(fdin);
+		} else if (cmd->in) {
+			dup2(cmd->in, 0);
+			close(cmd->in);
+		}
+
+		if (cmd->no_stderr)
+			dup_devnull(2);
+		else if (need_err) {
+			dup2(fderr[1], 2);
+			close_pair(fderr);
+		}
+
+		if (cmd->no_stdout)
+			dup_devnull(1);
+		else if (cmd->stdout_to_stderr)
+			dup2(2, 1);
+		else if (need_out) {
+			dup2(fdout[1], 1);
+			close_pair(fdout);
+		} else if (cmd->out > 1) {
+			dup2(cmd->out, 1);
+			close(cmd->out);
+		}
+
+		if (cmd->dir && chdir(cmd->dir))
+			die_errno("exec '%s': cd to '%s' failed", cmd->argv[0],
+			    cmd->dir);
+		if (cmd->env) {
+			for (; *cmd->env; cmd->env++) {
+				if (strchr(*cmd->env, '='))
+					putenv((char *)*cmd->env);
+				else
+					unsetenv(*cmd->env);
+			}
+		}
+		if (cmd->preexec_cb) {
+			/*
+			 * We cannot predict what the pre-exec callback does.
+			 * Forgo parent notification.
+			 */
+			close(child_notifier);
+			child_notifier = -1;
+
+			cmd->preexec_cb();
+		}
+		if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+			execv_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
+		} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+			execv_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
+		} else {
+			execvp(cmd->argv[0], (char *const*) cmd->argv);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Do not check for cmd->silent_exec_failure; the parent
+		 * process will check it when it sees this exit code.
+		 */
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			exit(127);
+		else
+			die_errno("cannot exec '%s'", cmd->argv[0]);
+	}
+	if (cmd->pid < 0)
+		error("cannot fork() for %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
+			strerror(failed_errno = errno));
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait for child's execvp. If the execvp succeeds (or if fork()
+	 * failed), EOF is seen immediately by the parent. Otherwise, the
+	 * child process sends a single byte.
+	 * Note that use of this infrastructure is completely advisory,
+	 * therefore, we keep error checks minimal.
+	 */
+	close(notify_pipe[1]);
+	if (read(notify_pipe[0], &notify_pipe[1], 1) == 1) {
+		/*
+		 * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but execvp()
+		 * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
+		 */
+		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0],
+			      cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+		failed_errno = errno;
+		cmd->pid = -1;
+	}
+	close(notify_pipe[0]);
+}
+#else
+{
+	int fhin = 0, fhout = 1, fherr = 2;
+	const char **sargv = cmd->argv;
+	char **env = environ;
+
+	if (cmd->no_stdin)
+		fhin = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	else if (need_in)
+		fhin = dup(fdin[0]);
+	else if (cmd->in)
+		fhin = dup(cmd->in);
+
+	if (cmd->no_stderr)
+		fherr = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	else if (need_err)
+		fherr = dup(fderr[1]);
+
+	if (cmd->no_stdout)
+		fhout = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	else if (cmd->stdout_to_stderr)
+		fhout = dup(fherr);
+	else if (need_out)
+		fhout = dup(fdout[1]);
+	else if (cmd->out > 1)
+		fhout = dup(cmd->out);
+
+	if (cmd->dir)
+		die("chdir in start_command() not implemented");
+	if (cmd->env)
+		env = make_augmented_environ(cmd->env);
+
+	if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+		cmd->argv = prepare_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
+	} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+		cmd->argv = prepare_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
+	}
+
+	cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, env,
+				  fhin, fhout, fherr);
+	failed_errno = errno;
+	if (cmd->pid < 0 && (!cmd->silent_exec_failure || errno != ENOENT))
+		error("cannot spawn %s: %s", cmd->argv[0], strerror(errno));
+
+	if (cmd->env)
+		free_environ(env);
+	if (cmd->git_cmd)
+		free(cmd->argv);
+
+	cmd->argv = sargv;
+	if (fhin != 0)
+		close(fhin);
+	if (fhout != 1)
+		close(fhout);
+	if (fherr != 2)
+		close(fherr);
+}
+#endif
+
+	if (cmd->pid < 0) {
+		if (need_in)
+			close_pair(fdin);
+		else if (cmd->in)
+			close(cmd->in);
+		if (need_out)
+			close_pair(fdout);
+		else if (cmd->out)
+			close(cmd->out);
+		if (need_err)
+			close_pair(fderr);
+		errno = failed_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (need_in)
+		close(fdin[0]);
+	else if (cmd->in)
+		close(cmd->in);
+
+	if (need_out)
+		close(fdout[1]);
+	else if (cmd->out)
+		close(cmd->out);
+
+	if (need_err)
+		close(fderr[1]);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
+{
+	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+}
+
+int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
+{
+	int code = start_command(cmd);
+	if (code)
+		return code;
+	return finish_command(cmd);
+}
+
+static void prepare_run_command_v_opt(struct child_process *cmd,
+				      const char **argv,
+				      int opt)
+{
+	memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(*cmd));
+	cmd->argv = argv;
+	cmd->no_stdin = opt & RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd->git_cmd = opt & RUN_GIT_CMD ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd->stdout_to_stderr = opt & RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd->silent_exec_failure = opt & RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd->use_shell = opt & RUN_USING_SHELL ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt)
+{
+	struct child_process cmd;
+	prepare_run_command_v_opt(&cmd, argv, opt);
+	return run_command(&cmd);
+}
+
+int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env)
+{
+	struct child_process cmd;
+	prepare_run_command_v_opt(&cmd, argv, opt);
+	cmd.dir = dir;
+	cmd.env = env;
+	return run_command(&cmd);
+}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+static unsigned __stdcall run_thread(void *data)
+{
+	struct async *async = data;
+	return async->proc(async->fd_for_proc, async->data);
+}
+#endif
+
+int start_async(struct async *async)
+{
+	int pipe_out[2];
+
+	if (pipe(pipe_out) < 0)
+		return error("cannot create pipe: %s", strerror(errno));
+	async->out = pipe_out[0];
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+	/* Flush stdio before fork() to avoid cloning buffers */
+	fflush(NULL);
+
+	async->pid = fork();
+	if (async->pid < 0) {
+		error("fork (async) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+		close_pair(pipe_out);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!async->pid) {
+		close(pipe_out[0]);
+		exit(!!async->proc(pipe_out[1], async->data));
+	}
+	close(pipe_out[1]);
+#else
+	async->fd_for_proc = pipe_out[1];
+	async->tid = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, run_thread, async, 0, NULL);
+	if (!async->tid) {
+		error("cannot create thread: %s", strerror(errno));
+		close_pair(pipe_out);
+		return -1;
+	}
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int finish_async(struct async *async)
+{
+#ifndef WIN32
+	int ret = wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process", 0);
+#else
+	DWORD ret = 0;
+	if (WaitForSingleObject(async->tid, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+		ret = error("waiting for thread failed: %lu", GetLastError());
+	else if (!GetExitCodeThread(async->tid, &ret))
+		ret = error("cannot get thread exit code: %lu", GetLastError());
+	CloseHandle(async->tid);
+#endif
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	struct child_process hook;
+	const char **argv = NULL, *env[2];
+	char index[PATH_MAX];
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+	size_t i = 0, alloc = 0;
+
+	if (access(git_path("hooks/%s", name), X_OK) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ALLOC_GROW(argv, i + 1, alloc);
+	argv[i++] = git_path("hooks/%s", name);
+	while (argv[i-1]) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(argv, i + 1, alloc);
+		argv[i++] = va_arg(args, const char *);
+	}
+	va_end(args);
+
+	memset(&hook, 0, sizeof(hook));
+	hook.argv = argv;
+	hook.no_stdin = 1;
+	hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	if (index_file) {
+		snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+		env[0] = index;
+		env[1] = NULL;
+		hook.env = env;
+	}
+
+	ret = run_command(&hook);
+	free(argv);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..967ba8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#ifndef RUN_COMMAND_H
+#define RUN_COMMAND_H
+
+struct child_process {
+	const char **argv;
+	pid_t pid;
+	/*
+	 * Using .in, .out, .err:
+	 * - Specify 0 for no redirections (child inherits stdin, stdout,
+	 *   stderr from parent).
+	 * - Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated as follows:
+	 *     .in: returns the writable pipe end; parent writes to it,
+	 *          the readable pipe end becomes child's stdin
+	 *     .out, .err: returns the readable pipe end; parent reads from
+	 *          it, the writable pipe end becomes child's stdout/stderr
+	 *   The caller of start_command() must close the returned FDs
+	 *   after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
+	 * - Specify > 0 to set a channel to a particular FD as follows:
+	 *     .in: a readable FD, becomes child's stdin
+	 *     .out: a writable FD, becomes child's stdout/stderr
+	 *     .err > 0 not supported
+	 *   The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even in case
+	 *   of errors!
+	 */
+	int in;
+	int out;
+	int err;
+	const char *dir;
+	const char *const *env;
+	unsigned no_stdin:1;
+	unsigned no_stdout:1;
+	unsigned no_stderr:1;
+	unsigned git_cmd:1; /* if this is to be git sub-command */
+	unsigned silent_exec_failure:1;
+	unsigned stdout_to_stderr:1;
+	unsigned use_shell:1;
+	void (*preexec_cb)(void);
+};
+
+int start_command(struct child_process *);
+int finish_command(struct child_process *);
+int run_command(struct child_process *);
+
+extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+
+#define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
+#define RUN_GIT_CMD	     2	/*If this is to be git sub-command */
+#define RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR 4
+#define RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE 8
+#define RUN_USING_SHELL 16
+int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt);
+
+/*
+ * env (the environment) is to be formatted like environ: "VAR=VALUE".
+ * To unset an environment variable use just "VAR".
+ */
+int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env);
+
+/*
+ * The purpose of the following functions is to feed a pipe by running
+ * a function asynchronously and providing output that the caller reads.
+ *
+ * It is expected that no synchronization and mutual exclusion between
+ * the caller and the feed function is necessary so that the function
+ * can run in a thread without interfering with the caller.
+ */
+struct async {
+	/*
+	 * proc writes to fd and closes it;
+	 * returns 0 on success, non-zero on failure
+	 */
+	int (*proc)(int fd, void *data);
+	void *data;
+	int out;	/* caller reads from here and closes it */
+#ifndef WIN32
+	pid_t pid;
+#else
+	HANDLE tid;
+	int fd_for_proc;
+#endif
+};
+
+int start_async(struct async *async);
+int finish_async(struct async *async);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/send-pack.h b/send-pack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28141ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/send-pack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef SEND_PACK_H
+#define SEND_PACK_H
+
+struct send_pack_args {
+	unsigned verbose:1,
+		quiet:1,
+		send_mirror:1,
+		force_update:1,
+		use_thin_pack:1,
+		use_ofs_delta:1,
+		dry_run:1,
+		stateless_rpc:1;
+};
+
+int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+	      struct ref *remote_refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra_have);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/server-info.c b/server-info.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4098ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server-info.c
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+
+/* refs */
+static FILE *info_ref_fp;
+
+static int add_info_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!o)
+		return -1;
+
+	fprintf(info_ref_fp, "%s	%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
+		if (o)
+			fprintf(info_ref_fp, "%s	%s^{}\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), path);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int update_info_refs(int force)
+{
+	char *path0 = git_pathdup("info/refs");
+	int len = strlen(path0);
+	char *path1 = xmalloc(len + 2);
+
+	strcpy(path1, path0);
+	strcpy(path1 + len, "+");
+
+	safe_create_leading_directories(path0);
+	info_ref_fp = fopen(path1, "w");
+	if (!info_ref_fp)
+		return error("unable to update %s", path1);
+	for_each_ref(add_info_ref, NULL);
+	fclose(info_ref_fp);
+	adjust_shared_perm(path1);
+	rename(path1, path0);
+	free(path0);
+	free(path1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* packs */
+static struct pack_info {
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int old_num;
+	int new_num;
+	int nr_alloc;
+	int nr_heads;
+	unsigned char (*head)[20];
+} **info;
+static int num_pack;
+static const char *objdir;
+static int objdirlen;
+
+static struct pack_info *find_pack_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++) {
+		struct packed_git *p = info[i]->p;
+		/* skip "/pack/" after ".git/objects" */
+		if (!strcmp(p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6, name))
+			return info[i];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Returns non-zero when we detect that the info in the
+ * old file is useless.
+ */
+static int parse_pack_def(const char *line, int old_cnt)
+{
+	struct pack_info *i = find_pack_by_name(line + 2);
+	if (i) {
+		i->old_num = old_cnt;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		/* The file describes a pack that is no longer here */
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Returns non-zero when we detect that the info in the
+ * old file is useless.
+ */
+static int read_pack_info_file(const char *infofile)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	char line[1000];
+	int old_cnt = 0;
+
+	fp = fopen(infofile, "r");
+	if (!fp)
+		return 1; /* nonexistent is not an error. */
+
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp)) {
+		int len = strlen(line);
+		if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
+			line[--len] = 0;
+
+		if (!len)
+			continue;
+
+		switch (line[0]) {
+		case 'P': /* P name */
+			if (parse_pack_def(line, old_cnt++))
+				goto out_stale;
+			break;
+		case 'D': /* we used to emit D but that was misguided. */
+			goto out_stale;
+			break;
+		case 'T': /* we used to emit T but nobody uses it. */
+			goto out_stale;
+			break;
+		default:
+			error("unrecognized: %s", line);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 0;
+ out_stale:
+	fclose(fp);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int compare_info(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct pack_info *const *a = a_;
+	struct pack_info *const *b = b_;
+
+	if (0 <= (*a)->old_num && 0 <= (*b)->old_num)
+		/* Keep the order in the original */
+		return (*a)->old_num - (*b)->old_num;
+	else if (0 <= (*a)->old_num)
+		/* Only A existed in the original so B is obviously newer */
+		return -1;
+	else if (0 <= (*b)->old_num)
+		/* The other way around. */
+		return 1;
+
+	/* then it does not matter but at least keep the comparison stable */
+	if ((*a)->p == (*b)->p)
+		return 0;
+	else if ((*a)->p < (*b)->p)
+		return -1;
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+static void init_pack_info(const char *infofile, int force)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int stale;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	objdir = get_object_directory();
+	objdirlen = strlen(objdir);
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		/* we ignore things on alternate path since they are
+		 * not available to the pullers in general.
+		 */
+		if (!p->pack_local)
+			continue;
+		i++;
+	}
+	num_pack = i;
+	info = xcalloc(num_pack, sizeof(struct pack_info *));
+	for (i = 0, p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (!p->pack_local)
+			continue;
+		info[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct pack_info));
+		info[i]->p = p;
+		info[i]->old_num = -1;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	if (infofile && !force)
+		stale = read_pack_info_file(infofile);
+	else
+		stale = 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++) {
+		if (stale) {
+			info[i]->old_num = -1;
+			info[i]->nr_heads = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* renumber them */
+	qsort(info, num_pack, sizeof(info[0]), compare_info);
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++)
+		info[i]->new_num = i;
+}
+
+static void write_pack_info_file(FILE *fp)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++)
+		fprintf(fp, "P %s\n", info[i]->p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6);
+	fputc('\n', fp);
+}
+
+static int update_info_packs(int force)
+{
+	char infofile[PATH_MAX];
+	char name[PATH_MAX];
+	int namelen;
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	namelen = sprintf(infofile, "%s/info/packs", get_object_directory());
+	strcpy(name, infofile);
+	strcpy(name + namelen, "+");
+
+	init_pack_info(infofile, force);
+
+	safe_create_leading_directories(name);
+	fp = fopen(name, "w");
+	if (!fp)
+		return error("cannot open %s", name);
+	write_pack_info_file(fp);
+	fclose(fp);
+	adjust_shared_perm(name);
+	rename(name, infofile);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* public */
+int update_server_info(int force)
+{
+	/* We would add more dumb-server support files later,
+	 * including index of available pack files and their
+	 * intended audiences.
+	 */
+	int errs = 0;
+
+	errs = errs | update_info_refs(force);
+	errs = errs | update_info_packs(force);
+
+	/* remove leftover rev-cache file if there is any */
+	unlink_or_warn(git_path("info/rev-cache"));
+
+	return errs;
+}
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..710e2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static int inside_git_dir = -1;
+static int inside_work_tree = -1;
+
+const char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+{
+	const char *orig = path;
+	char *sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
+	if (is_absolute_path(orig))
+		strcpy(sanitized, path);
+	else {
+		if (len)
+			memcpy(sanitized, prefix, len);
+		strcpy(sanitized + len, path);
+	}
+	if (normalize_path_copy(sanitized, sanitized))
+		goto error_out;
+	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
+		size_t len, total;
+		const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+		if (!work_tree)
+			goto error_out;
+		len = strlen(work_tree);
+		total = strlen(sanitized) + 1;
+		if (strncmp(sanitized, work_tree, len) ||
+		    (sanitized[len] != '\0' && sanitized[len] != '/')) {
+		error_out:
+			die("'%s' is outside repository", orig);
+		}
+		if (sanitized[len] == '/')
+			len++;
+		memmove(sanitized, sanitized + len, total - len);
+	}
+	return sanitized;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlike prefix_path, this should be used if the named file does
+ * not have to interact with index entry; i.e. name of a random file
+ * on the filesystem.
+ */
+const char *prefix_filename(const char *pfx, int pfx_len, const char *arg)
+{
+	static char path[PATH_MAX];
+#ifndef WIN32
+	if (!pfx || !*pfx || is_absolute_path(arg))
+		return arg;
+	memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
+	strcpy(path + pfx_len, arg);
+#else
+	char *p;
+	/* don't add prefix to absolute paths, but still replace '\' by '/' */
+	if (is_absolute_path(arg))
+		pfx_len = 0;
+	else
+		memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
+	strcpy(path + pfx_len, arg);
+	for (p = path + pfx_len; *p; p++)
+		if (*p == '\\')
+			*p = '/';
+#endif
+	return path;
+}
+
+int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	name = prefix ? prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg) : arg;
+	if (!lstat(name, &st))
+		return 1; /* file exists */
+	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
+		return 0; /* file does not exist */
+	die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", arg);
+}
+
+static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned mode;
+	/* try a detailed diagnostic ... */
+	get_sha1_with_mode_1(arg, sha1, &mode, 0, prefix);
+	/* ... or fall back the most general message. */
+	die("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions", arg);
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify a filename that we got as an argument for a pathspec
+ * entry. Note that a filename that begins with "-" never verifies
+ * as true, because even if such a filename were to exist, we want
+ * it to be preceded by the "--" marker (or we want the user to
+ * use a format like "./-filename")
+ */
+void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (*arg == '-')
+		die("bad flag '%s' used after filename", arg);
+	if (check_filename(prefix, arg))
+		return;
+	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Opposite of the above: the command line did not have -- marker
+ * and we parsed the arg as a refname.  It should not be interpretable
+ * as a filename.
+ */
+void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!is_inside_work_tree() || is_inside_git_dir())
+		return;
+	if (*arg == '-')
+		return; /* flag */
+	if (!check_filename(prefix, arg))
+		return;
+	die("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
+	    "Use '--' to separate filenames from revisions", arg);
+}
+
+const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	const char *entry = *pathspec;
+	const char **src, **dst;
+	int prefixlen;
+
+	if (!prefix && !entry)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!entry) {
+		static const char *spec[2];
+		spec[0] = prefix;
+		spec[1] = NULL;
+		return spec;
+	}
+
+	/* Otherwise we have to re-write the entries.. */
+	src = pathspec;
+	dst = pathspec;
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	while (*src) {
+		const char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefixlen, *src);
+		*(dst++) = p;
+		src++;
+	}
+	*dst = NULL;
+	if (!*pathspec)
+		return NULL;
+	return pathspec;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test if it looks like we're at a git directory.
+ * We want to see:
+ *
+ *  - either an objects/ directory _or_ the proper
+ *    GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY environment variable
+ *  - a refs/ directory
+ *  - either a HEAD symlink or a HEAD file that is formatted as
+ *    a proper "ref:", or a regular file HEAD that has a properly
+ *    formatted sha1 object name.
+ */
+static int is_git_directory(const char *suspect)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	size_t len = strlen(suspect);
+
+	strcpy(path, suspect);
+	if (getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT)) {
+		if (access(getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT), X_OK))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		strcpy(path + len, "/objects");
+		if (access(path, X_OK))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	strcpy(path + len, "/refs");
+	if (access(path, X_OK))
+		return 0;
+
+	strcpy(path + len, "/HEAD");
+	if (validate_headref(path))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int is_inside_git_dir(void)
+{
+	if (inside_git_dir < 0)
+		inside_git_dir = is_inside_dir(get_git_dir());
+	return inside_git_dir;
+}
+
+int is_inside_work_tree(void)
+{
+	if (inside_work_tree < 0)
+		inside_work_tree = is_inside_dir(get_git_work_tree());
+	return inside_work_tree;
+}
+
+/*
+ * set_work_tree() is only ever called if you set GIT_DIR explicitely.
+ * The old behaviour (which we retain here) is to set the work tree root
+ * to the cwd, unless overridden by the config, the command line, or
+ * GIT_WORK_TREE.
+ */
+static const char *set_work_tree(const char *dir)
+{
+	char buffer[PATH_MAX + 1];
+
+	if (!getcwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
+		die ("Could not get the current working directory");
+	git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(buffer);
+	inside_work_tree = 1;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void setup_work_tree(void)
+{
+	const char *work_tree, *git_dir;
+	static int initialized = 0;
+
+	if (initialized)
+		return;
+	work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+	git_dir = get_git_dir();
+	if (!is_absolute_path(git_dir))
+		git_dir = make_absolute_path(git_dir);
+	if (!work_tree || chdir(work_tree))
+		die("This operation must be run in a work tree");
+	set_git_dir(make_relative_path(git_dir, work_tree));
+	initialized = 1;
+}
+
+static int check_repository_format_gently(int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	git_config(check_repository_format_version, NULL);
+	if (GIT_REPO_VERSION < repository_format_version) {
+		if (!nongit_ok)
+			die ("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
+			     GIT_REPO_VERSION, repository_format_version);
+		warning("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
+			GIT_REPO_VERSION, repository_format_version);
+		warning("Please upgrade Git");
+		*nongit_ok = -1;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to read the location of the git directory from the .git file,
+ * return path to git directory if found.
+ */
+const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	char *dir;
+	const char *slash;
+	struct stat st;
+	int fd;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (stat(path, &st))
+		return NULL;
+	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		return NULL;
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("Error opening '%s'", path);
+	buf = xmalloc(st.st_size + 1);
+	len = read_in_full(fd, buf, st.st_size);
+	close(fd);
+	if (len != st.st_size)
+		die("Error reading %s", path);
+	buf[len] = '\0';
+	if (prefixcmp(buf, "gitdir: "))
+		die("Invalid gitfile format: %s", path);
+	while (buf[len - 1] == '\n' || buf[len - 1] == '\r')
+		len--;
+	if (len < 9)
+		die("No path in gitfile: %s", path);
+	buf[len] = '\0';
+	dir = buf + 8;
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(dir) && (slash = strrchr(path, '/'))) {
+		size_t pathlen = slash+1 - path;
+		size_t dirlen = pathlen + len - 8;
+		dir = xmalloc(dirlen + 1);
+		strncpy(dir, path, pathlen);
+		strncpy(dir + pathlen, buf + 8, len - 8);
+		dir[dirlen] = '\0';
+		free(buf);
+		buf = dir;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_git_directory(dir))
+		die("Not a git repository: %s", dir);
+	path = make_absolute_path(dir);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return path;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
+ * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
+ */
+const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
+	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
+	const char *gitdirenv;
+	const char *gitfile_dir;
+	int len, offset, ceil_offset;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
+	 * If it turns out later that we are somewhere else, the value will be
+	 * updated accordingly.
+	 */
+	if (nongit_ok)
+		*nongit_ok = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If GIT_DIR is set explicitly, we're not going
+	 * to do any discovery, but we still do repository
+	 * validation.
+	 */
+	gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (gitdirenv) {
+		if (PATH_MAX - 40 < strlen(gitdirenv))
+			die("'$%s' too big", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+		if (is_git_directory(gitdirenv)) {
+			static char buffer[1024 + 1];
+			const char *retval;
+
+			if (!work_tree_env) {
+				retval = set_work_tree(gitdirenv);
+				/* config may override worktree */
+				if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+					return NULL;
+				return retval;
+			}
+			if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+				return NULL;
+			retval = get_relative_cwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
+					get_git_work_tree());
+			if (!retval || !*retval)
+				return NULL;
+			set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(gitdirenv));
+			if (chdir(work_tree_env) < 0)
+				die_errno ("Could not chdir to '%s'", work_tree_env);
+			strcat(buffer, "/");
+			return retval;
+		}
+		if (nongit_ok) {
+			*nongit_ok = 1;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		die("Not a git repository: '%s'", gitdirenv);
+	}
+
+	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
+		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
+
+	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
+	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
+		ceil_offset = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Test in the following order (relative to the cwd):
+	 * - .git (file containing "gitdir: <path>")
+	 * - .git/
+	 * - ./ (bare)
+	 * - ../.git
+	 * - ../.git/
+	 * - ../ (bare)
+	 * - ../../.git/
+	 *   etc.
+	 */
+	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
+	for (;;) {
+		gitfile_dir = read_gitfile_gently(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+		if (gitfile_dir) {
+			if (set_git_dir(gitfile_dir))
+				die("Repository setup failed");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (is_git_directory(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT))
+			break;
+		if (is_git_directory(".")) {
+			inside_git_dir = 1;
+			if (!work_tree_env)
+				inside_work_tree = 0;
+			if (offset != len) {
+				cwd[offset] = '\0';
+				setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cwd, 1);
+			} else
+				setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
+			check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		while (--offset > ceil_offset && cwd[offset] != '/');
+		if (offset <= ceil_offset) {
+			if (nongit_ok) {
+				if (chdir(cwd))
+					die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
+				*nongit_ok = 1;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			die("Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): %s", DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+		}
+		if (chdir(".."))
+			die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd);
+	}
+
+	inside_git_dir = 0;
+	if (!work_tree_env)
+		inside_work_tree = 1;
+	git_work_tree_cfg = xstrndup(cwd, offset);
+	if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+		return NULL;
+	if (offset == len)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Make "offset" point to past the '/', and add a '/' at the end */
+	offset++;
+	cwd[len++] = '/';
+	cwd[len] = 0;
+	return cwd + offset;
+}
+
+int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *endptr;
+
+	if (value == NULL)
+		return PERM_GROUP;
+
+	if (!strcmp(value, "umask"))
+		return PERM_UMASK;
+	if (!strcmp(value, "group"))
+		return PERM_GROUP;
+	if (!strcmp(value, "all") ||
+	    !strcmp(value, "world") ||
+	    !strcmp(value, "everybody"))
+		return PERM_EVERYBODY;
+
+	/* Parse octal numbers */
+	i = strtol(value, &endptr, 8);
+
+	/* If not an octal number, maybe true/false? */
+	if (*endptr != 0)
+		return git_config_bool(var, value) ? PERM_GROUP : PERM_UMASK;
+
+	/*
+	 * Treat values 0, 1 and 2 as compatibility cases, otherwise it is
+	 * a chmod value to restrict to.
+	 */
+	switch (i) {
+	case PERM_UMASK:               /* 0 */
+		return PERM_UMASK;
+	case OLD_PERM_GROUP:           /* 1 */
+		return PERM_GROUP;
+	case OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY:       /* 2 */
+		return PERM_EVERYBODY;
+	}
+
+	/* A filemode value was given: 0xxx */
+
+	if ((i & 0600) != 0600)
+		die("Problem with core.sharedRepository filemode value "
+		    "(0%.3o).\nThe owner of files must always have "
+		    "read and write permissions.", i);
+
+	/*
+	 * Mask filemode value. Others can not get write permission.
+	 * x flags for directories are handled separately.
+	 */
+	return -(i & 0666);
+}
+
+int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
+		repository_format_version = git_config_int(var, value);
+	else if (strcmp(var, "core.sharedrepository") == 0)
+		shared_repository = git_config_perm(var, value);
+	else if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
+		is_bare_repository_cfg = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
+			inside_work_tree = -1;
+	} else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		free(git_work_tree_cfg);
+		git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(value);
+		inside_work_tree = -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int check_repository_format(void)
+{
+	return check_repository_format_gently(NULL);
+}
+
+const char *setup_git_directory(void)
+{
+	const char *retval = setup_git_directory_gently(NULL);
+
+	/* If the work tree is not the default one, recompute prefix */
+	if (inside_work_tree < 0) {
+		static char buffer[PATH_MAX + 1];
+		char *rel;
+		if (retval && chdir(retval))
+			die_errno ("Could not jump back into original cwd");
+		rel = get_relative_cwd(buffer, PATH_MAX, get_git_work_tree());
+		if (rel && *rel && chdir(get_git_work_tree()))
+			die_errno ("Could not jump to working directory");
+		return rel && *rel ? strcat(rel, "/") : NULL;
+	}
+
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/sha1-lookup.c b/sha1-lookup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4dc55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sha1-lookup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+
+static uint32_t take2(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return ((sha1[0] << 8) | sha1[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Conventional binary search loop looks like this:
+ *
+ *      do {
+ *              int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+ *              int cmp = "entry pointed at by mi" minus "target";
+ *              if (!cmp)
+ *                      return (mi is the wanted one)
+ *              if (cmp > 0)
+ *                      hi = mi; "mi is larger than target"
+ *              else
+ *                      lo = mi+1; "mi is smaller than target"
+ *      } while (lo < hi);
+ *
+ * The invariants are:
+ *
+ * - When entering the loop, lo points at a slot that is never
+ *   above the target (it could be at the target), hi points at a
+ *   slot that is guaranteed to be above the target (it can never
+ *   be at the target).
+ *
+ * - We find a point 'mi' between lo and hi (mi could be the same
+ *   as lo, but never can be the same as hi), and check if it hits
+ *   the target.  There are three cases:
+ *
+ *    - if it is a hit, we are happy.
+ *
+ *    - if it is strictly higher than the target, we update hi with
+ *      it.
+ *
+ *    - if it is strictly lower than the target, we update lo to be
+ *      one slot after it, because we allow lo to be at the target.
+ *
+ * When choosing 'mi', we do not have to take the "middle" but
+ * anywhere in between lo and hi, as long as lo <= mi < hi is
+ * satisfied.  When we somehow know that the distance between the
+ * target and lo is much shorter than the target and hi, we could
+ * pick mi that is much closer to lo than the midway.
+ */
+/*
+ * The table should contain "nr" elements.
+ * The sha1 of element i (between 0 and nr - 1) should be returned
+ * by "fn(i, table)".
+ */
+int sha1_pos(const unsigned char *sha1, void *table, size_t nr,
+	     sha1_access_fn fn)
+{
+	size_t hi = nr;
+	size_t lo = 0;
+	size_t mi = 0;
+
+	if (!nr)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (nr != 1) {
+		size_t lov, hiv, miv, ofs;
+
+		for (ofs = 0; ofs < 18; ofs += 2) {
+			lov = take2(fn(0, table) + ofs);
+			hiv = take2(fn(nr - 1, table) + ofs);
+			miv = take2(sha1 + ofs);
+			if (miv < lov)
+				return -1;
+			if (hiv < miv)
+				return -1 - nr;
+			if (lov != hiv) {
+				/*
+				 * At this point miv could be equal
+				 * to hiv (but sha1 could still be higher);
+				 * the invariant of (mi < hi) should be
+				 * kept.
+				 */
+				mi = (nr - 1) * (miv - lov) / (hiv - lov);
+				if (lo <= mi && mi < hi)
+					break;
+				die("BUG: assertion failed in binary search");
+			}
+		}
+		if (18 <= ofs)
+			die("cannot happen -- lo and hi are identical");
+	}
+
+	do {
+		int cmp;
+		cmp = hashcmp(fn(mi, table), sha1);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return mi;
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			hi = mi;
+		else
+			lo = mi + 1;
+		mi = (hi + lo) / 2;
+	} while (lo < hi);
+	return -lo-1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Conventional binary search loop looks like this:
+ *
+ *	unsigned lo, hi;
+ *      do {
+ *              unsigned mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+ *              int cmp = "entry pointed at by mi" minus "target";
+ *              if (!cmp)
+ *                      return (mi is the wanted one)
+ *              if (cmp > 0)
+ *                      hi = mi; "mi is larger than target"
+ *              else
+ *                      lo = mi+1; "mi is smaller than target"
+ *      } while (lo < hi);
+ *
+ * The invariants are:
+ *
+ * - When entering the loop, lo points at a slot that is never
+ *   above the target (it could be at the target), hi points at a
+ *   slot that is guaranteed to be above the target (it can never
+ *   be at the target).
+ *
+ * - We find a point 'mi' between lo and hi (mi could be the same
+ *   as lo, but never can be as same as hi), and check if it hits
+ *   the target.  There are three cases:
+ *
+ *    - if it is a hit, we are happy.
+ *
+ *    - if it is strictly higher than the target, we set it to hi,
+ *      and repeat the search.
+ *
+ *    - if it is strictly lower than the target, we update lo to
+ *      one slot after it, because we allow lo to be at the target.
+ *
+ *   If the loop exits, there is no matching entry.
+ *
+ * When choosing 'mi', we do not have to take the "middle" but
+ * anywhere in between lo and hi, as long as lo <= mi < hi is
+ * satisfied.  When we somehow know that the distance between the
+ * target and lo is much shorter than the target and hi, we could
+ * pick mi that is much closer to lo than the midway.
+ *
+ * Now, we can take advantage of the fact that SHA-1 is a good hash
+ * function, and as long as there are enough entries in the table, we
+ * can expect uniform distribution.  An entry that begins with for
+ * example "deadbeef..." is much likely to appear much later than in
+ * the midway of the table.  It can reasonably be expected to be near
+ * 87% (222/256) from the top of the table.
+ *
+ * However, we do not want to pick "mi" too precisely.  If the entry at
+ * the 87% in the above example turns out to be higher than the target
+ * we are looking for, we would end up narrowing the search space down
+ * only by 13%, instead of 50% we would get if we did a simple binary
+ * search.  So we would want to hedge our bets by being less aggressive.
+ *
+ * The table at "table" holds at least "nr" entries of "elem_size"
+ * bytes each.  Each entry has the SHA-1 key at "key_offset".  The
+ * table is sorted by the SHA-1 key of the entries.  The caller wants
+ * to find the entry with "key", and knows that the entry at "lo" is
+ * not higher than the entry it is looking for, and that the entry at
+ * "hi" is higher than the entry it is looking for.
+ */
+int sha1_entry_pos(const void *table,
+		   size_t elem_size,
+		   size_t key_offset,
+		   unsigned lo, unsigned hi, unsigned nr,
+		   const unsigned char *key)
+{
+	const unsigned char *base = table;
+	const unsigned char *hi_key, *lo_key;
+	unsigned ofs_0;
+	static int debug_lookup = -1;
+
+	if (debug_lookup < 0)
+		debug_lookup = !!getenv("GIT_DEBUG_LOOKUP");
+
+	if (!nr || lo >= hi)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (nr == hi)
+		hi_key = NULL;
+	else
+		hi_key = base + elem_size * hi + key_offset;
+	lo_key = base + elem_size * lo + key_offset;
+
+	ofs_0 = 0;
+	do {
+		int cmp;
+		unsigned ofs, mi, range;
+		unsigned lov, hiv, kyv;
+		const unsigned char *mi_key;
+
+		range = hi - lo;
+		if (hi_key) {
+			for (ofs = ofs_0; ofs < 20; ofs++)
+				if (lo_key[ofs] != hi_key[ofs])
+					break;
+			ofs_0 = ofs;
+			/*
+			 * byte 0 thru (ofs-1) are the same between
+			 * lo and hi; ofs is the first byte that is
+			 * different.
+			 */
+			hiv = hi_key[ofs_0];
+			if (ofs_0 < 19)
+				hiv = (hiv << 8) | hi_key[ofs_0+1];
+		} else {
+			hiv = 256;
+			if (ofs_0 < 19)
+				hiv <<= 8;
+		}
+		lov = lo_key[ofs_0];
+		kyv = key[ofs_0];
+		if (ofs_0 < 19) {
+			lov = (lov << 8) | lo_key[ofs_0+1];
+			kyv = (kyv << 8) | key[ofs_0+1];
+		}
+		assert(lov < hiv);
+
+		if (kyv < lov)
+			return -1 - lo;
+		if (hiv < kyv)
+			return -1 - hi;
+
+		/*
+		 * Even if we know the target is much closer to 'hi'
+		 * than 'lo', if we pick too precisely and overshoot
+		 * (e.g. when we know 'mi' is closer to 'hi' than to
+		 * 'lo', pick 'mi' that is higher than the target), we
+		 * end up narrowing the search space by a smaller
+		 * amount (i.e. the distance between 'mi' and 'hi')
+		 * than what we would have (i.e. about half of 'lo'
+		 * and 'hi').  Hedge our bets to pick 'mi' less
+		 * aggressively, i.e. make 'mi' a bit closer to the
+		 * middle than we would otherwise pick.
+		 */
+		kyv = (kyv * 6 + lov + hiv) / 8;
+		if (lov < hiv - 1) {
+			if (kyv == lov)
+				kyv++;
+			else if (kyv == hiv)
+				kyv--;
+		}
+		mi = (range - 1) * (kyv - lov) / (hiv - lov) + lo;
+
+		if (debug_lookup) {
+			printf("lo %u hi %u rg %u mi %u ", lo, hi, range, mi);
+			printf("ofs %u lov %x, hiv %x, kyv %x\n",
+			       ofs_0, lov, hiv, kyv);
+		}
+		if (!(lo <= mi && mi < hi))
+			die("assertion failure lo %u mi %u hi %u %s",
+			    lo, mi, hi, sha1_to_hex(key));
+
+		mi_key = base + elem_size * mi + key_offset;
+		cmp = memcmp(mi_key + ofs_0, key + ofs_0, 20 - ofs_0);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return mi;
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			hi = mi;
+			hi_key = mi_key;
+		} else {
+			lo = mi + 1;
+			lo_key = mi_key + elem_size;
+		}
+	} while (lo < hi);
+	return -lo-1;
+}
diff --git a/sha1-lookup.h b/sha1-lookup.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20af285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sha1-lookup.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef SHA1_LOOKUP_H
+#define SHA1_LOOKUP_H
+
+typedef const unsigned char *sha1_access_fn(size_t index, void *table);
+
+extern int sha1_pos(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    void *table,
+		    size_t nr,
+		    sha1_access_fn fn);
+
+extern int sha1_entry_pos(const void *table,
+			  size_t elem_size,
+			  size_t key_offset,
+			  unsigned lo, unsigned hi, unsigned nr,
+			  const unsigned char *key);
+#endif
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..657825e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2510 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ *
+ * This handles basic git sha1 object files - packing, unpacking,
+ * creation etc.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+
+#ifndef O_NOATIME
+#if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
+#define O_NOATIME 01000000
+#else
+#define O_NOATIME 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_C99_FORMAT
+#define SZ_FMT "lu"
+static unsigned long sz_fmt(size_t s) { return (unsigned long)s; }
+#else
+#define SZ_FMT "zu"
+static size_t sz_fmt(size_t s) { return s; }
+#endif
+
+const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
+
+static inline int offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+{
+	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
+		return 2 + (path[2] == '/');
+	return *path == '/';
+}
+
+int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
+{
+	char *pos = path + offset_1st_component(path);
+	struct stat st;
+
+	while (pos) {
+		pos = strchr(pos, '/');
+		if (!pos)
+			break;
+		while (*++pos == '/')
+			;
+		if (!*pos)
+			break;
+		*--pos = '\0';
+		if (!stat(path, &st)) {
+			/* path exists */
+			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+				*pos = '/';
+				return -3;
+			}
+		}
+		else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
+			*pos = '/';
+			return -1;
+		}
+		else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
+			*pos = '/';
+			return -2;
+		}
+		*pos++ = '/';
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path)
+{
+	/* path points to cache entries, so xstrdup before messing with it */
+	char *buf = xstrdup(path);
+	int result = safe_create_leading_directories(buf);
+	free(buf);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void fill_sha1_path(char *pathbuf, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		static char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+		unsigned int val = sha1[i];
+		char *pos = pathbuf + i*2 + (i > 0);
+		*pos++ = hex[val >> 4];
+		*pos = hex[val & 0xf];
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * NOTE! This returns a statically allocated buffer, so you have to be
+ * careful about using it. Do an "xstrdup()" if you need to save the
+ * filename.
+ *
+ * Also note that this returns the location for creating.  Reading
+ * SHA1 file can happen from any alternate directory listed in the
+ * DB_ENVIRONMENT environment variable if it is not found in
+ * the primary object database.
+ */
+char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static char *name, *base;
+
+	if (!base) {
+		const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
+		int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
+		base = xmalloc(len + 60);
+		memcpy(base, sha1_file_directory, len);
+		memset(base+len, 0, 60);
+		base[len] = '/';
+		base[len+3] = '/';
+		name = base + len + 1;
+	}
+	fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+	return base;
+}
+
+static char *sha1_get_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				char **name, char **base, const char *which)
+{
+	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+	char *buf;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!*base) {
+		const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
+		int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
+		*base = xmalloc(len + 60);
+		sprintf(*base, "%s/pack/pack-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890.%s",
+			sha1_file_directory, which);
+		*name = *base + len + 11;
+	}
+
+	buf = *name;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		unsigned int val = *sha1++;
+		*buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
+		*buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
+	}
+
+	return *base;
+}
+
+char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static char *name, *base;
+
+	return sha1_get_pack_name(sha1, &name, &base, "pack");
+}
+
+char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static char *name, *base;
+
+	return sha1_get_pack_name(sha1, &name, &base, "idx");
+}
+
+struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb_list;
+static struct alternate_object_database **alt_odb_tail;
+
+static void read_info_alternates(const char * alternates, int depth);
+
+/*
+ * Prepare alternate object database registry.
+ *
+ * The variable alt_odb_list points at the list of struct
+ * alternate_object_database.  The elements on this list come from
+ * non-empty elements from colon separated ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT
+ * environment variable, and $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/info/alternates,
+ * whose contents is similar to that environment variable but can be
+ * LF separated.  Its base points at a statically allocated buffer that
+ * contains "/the/directory/corresponding/to/.git/objects/...", while
+ * its name points just after the slash at the end of ".git/objects/"
+ * in the example above, and has enough space to hold 40-byte hex
+ * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
+ * terminating NUL.
+ */
+static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
+{
+	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
+	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+	/* 43 = 40-byte + 2 '/' + terminating NUL */
+	int pfxlen = len;
+	int entlen = pfxlen + 43;
+	int base_len = -1;
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && relative_base) {
+		/* Relative alt-odb */
+		if (base_len < 0)
+			base_len = strlen(relative_base) + 1;
+		entlen += base_len;
+		pfxlen += base_len;
+	}
+	ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + entlen);
+
+	if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && relative_base) {
+		memcpy(ent->base, relative_base, base_len - 1);
+		ent->base[base_len - 1] = '/';
+		memcpy(ent->base + base_len, entry, len);
+	}
+	else
+		memcpy(ent->base, entry, pfxlen);
+
+	ent->name = ent->base + pfxlen + 1;
+	ent->base[pfxlen + 3] = '/';
+	ent->base[pfxlen] = ent->base[entlen-1] = 0;
+
+	/* Detect cases where alternate disappeared */
+	if (!is_directory(ent->base)) {
+		error("object directory %s does not exist; "
+		      "check .git/objects/info/alternates.",
+		      ent->base);
+		free(ent);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Prevent the common mistake of listing the same
+	 * thing twice, or object directory itself.
+	 */
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		if (!memcmp(ent->base, alt->base, pfxlen)) {
+			free(ent);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!memcmp(ent->base, objdir, pfxlen)) {
+		free(ent);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* add the alternate entry */
+	*alt_odb_tail = ent;
+	alt_odb_tail = &(ent->next);
+	ent->next = NULL;
+
+	/* recursively add alternates */
+	read_info_alternates(ent->base, depth + 1);
+
+	ent->base[pfxlen] = '/';
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
+				 const char *relative_base, int depth)
+{
+	const char *cp, *last;
+
+	if (depth > 5) {
+		error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
+				relative_base);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	last = alt;
+	while (last < ep) {
+		cp = last;
+		if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
+			while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
+				cp++;
+			last = cp + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
+			cp++;
+		if (last != cp) {
+			if (!is_absolute_path(last) && depth) {
+				error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
+						relative_base, last);
+			} else {
+				link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
+						relative_base, depth);
+			}
+		}
+		while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
+			cp++;
+		last = cp;
+	}
+}
+
+static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
+{
+	char *map;
+	size_t mapsz;
+	struct stat st;
+	const char alt_file_name[] = "info/alternates";
+	/* Given that relative_base is no longer than PATH_MAX,
+	   ensure that "path" has enough space to append "/", the
+	   file name, "info/alternates", and a trailing NUL.  */
+	char path[PATH_MAX + 1 + sizeof alt_file_name];
+	int fd;
+
+	sprintf(path, "%s/%s", relative_base, alt_file_name);
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return;
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) || (st.st_size == 0)) {
+		close(fd);
+		return;
+	}
+	mapsz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	map = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	close(fd);
+
+	link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
+
+	munmap(map, mapsz);
+}
+
+void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference)
+{
+	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	int fd = hold_lock_file_for_append(lock, git_path("objects/info/alternates"), LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	char *alt = mkpath("%s/objects\n", reference);
+	write_or_die(fd, alt, strlen(alt));
+	if (commit_lock_file(lock))
+		die("could not close alternates file");
+	if (alt_odb_tail)
+		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
+}
+
+void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
+{
+	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	for (ent = alt_odb_list; ent; ent = ent->next)
+		if (fn(ent, cb))
+			return;
+}
+
+void prepare_alt_odb(void)
+{
+	const char *alt;
+
+	if (alt_odb_tail)
+		return;
+
+	alt = getenv(ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!alt) alt = "";
+
+	alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
+	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
+
+	read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
+}
+
+static int has_loose_object_local(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+	return !access(name, F_OK);
+}
+
+int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
+		if (!access(alt->base, F_OK))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int has_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return has_loose_object_local(sha1) ||
+	       has_loose_object_nonlocal(sha1);
+}
+
+static unsigned int pack_used_ctr;
+static unsigned int pack_mmap_calls;
+static unsigned int peak_pack_open_windows;
+static unsigned int pack_open_windows;
+static size_t peak_pack_mapped;
+static size_t pack_mapped;
+struct packed_git *packed_git;
+
+void pack_report(void)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"pack_report: getpagesize()            = %10" SZ_FMT "\n"
+		"pack_report: core.packedGitWindowSize = %10" SZ_FMT "\n"
+		"pack_report: core.packedGitLimit      = %10" SZ_FMT "\n",
+		sz_fmt(getpagesize()),
+		sz_fmt(packed_git_window_size),
+		sz_fmt(packed_git_limit));
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"pack_report: pack_used_ctr            = %10u\n"
+		"pack_report: pack_mmap_calls          = %10u\n"
+		"pack_report: pack_open_windows        = %10u / %10u\n"
+		"pack_report: pack_mapped              = "
+			"%10" SZ_FMT " / %10" SZ_FMT "\n",
+		pack_used_ctr,
+		pack_mmap_calls,
+		pack_open_windows, peak_pack_open_windows,
+		sz_fmt(pack_mapped), sz_fmt(peak_pack_mapped));
+}
+
+static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path,  struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	void *idx_map;
+	struct pack_idx_header *hdr;
+	size_t idx_size;
+	uint32_t version, nr, i, *index;
+	int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	idx_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	if (idx_size < 4 * 256 + 20 + 20) {
+		close(fd);
+		return error("index file %s is too small", path);
+	}
+	idx_map = xmmap(NULL, idx_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	close(fd);
+
+	hdr = idx_map;
+	if (hdr->idx_signature == htonl(PACK_IDX_SIGNATURE)) {
+		version = ntohl(hdr->idx_version);
+		if (version < 2 || version > 2) {
+			munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
+			return error("index file %s is version %"PRIu32
+				     " and is not supported by this binary"
+				     " (try upgrading GIT to a newer version)",
+				     path, version);
+		}
+	} else
+		version = 1;
+
+	nr = 0;
+	index = idx_map;
+	if (version > 1)
+		index += 2;  /* skip index header */
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		uint32_t n = ntohl(index[i]);
+		if (n < nr) {
+			munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
+			return error("non-monotonic index %s", path);
+		}
+		nr = n;
+	}
+
+	if (version == 1) {
+		/*
+		 * Total size:
+		 *  - 256 index entries 4 bytes each
+		 *  - 24-byte entries * nr (20-byte sha1 + 4-byte offset)
+		 *  - 20-byte SHA1 of the packfile
+		 *  - 20-byte SHA1 file checksum
+		 */
+		if (idx_size != 4*256 + nr * 24 + 20 + 20) {
+			munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
+			return error("wrong index v1 file size in %s", path);
+		}
+	} else if (version == 2) {
+		/*
+		 * Minimum size:
+		 *  - 8 bytes of header
+		 *  - 256 index entries 4 bytes each
+		 *  - 20-byte sha1 entry * nr
+		 *  - 4-byte crc entry * nr
+		 *  - 4-byte offset entry * nr
+		 *  - 20-byte SHA1 of the packfile
+		 *  - 20-byte SHA1 file checksum
+		 * And after the 4-byte offset table might be a
+		 * variable sized table containing 8-byte entries
+		 * for offsets larger than 2^31.
+		 */
+		unsigned long min_size = 8 + 4*256 + nr*(20 + 4 + 4) + 20 + 20;
+		unsigned long max_size = min_size;
+		if (nr)
+			max_size += (nr - 1)*8;
+		if (idx_size < min_size || idx_size > max_size) {
+			munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
+			return error("wrong index v2 file size in %s", path);
+		}
+		if (idx_size != min_size &&
+		    /*
+		     * make sure we can deal with large pack offsets.
+		     * 31-bit signed offset won't be enough, neither
+		     * 32-bit unsigned one will be.
+		     */
+		    (sizeof(off_t) <= 4)) {
+			munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
+			return error("pack too large for current definition of off_t in %s", path);
+		}
+	}
+
+	p->index_version = version;
+	p->index_data = idx_map;
+	p->index_size = idx_size;
+	p->num_objects = nr;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int open_pack_index(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	char *idx_name;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (p->index_data)
+		return 0;
+
+	idx_name = xstrdup(p->pack_name);
+	strcpy(idx_name + strlen(idx_name) - strlen(".pack"), ".idx");
+	ret = check_packed_git_idx(idx_name, p);
+	free(idx_name);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void scan_windows(struct packed_git *p,
+	struct packed_git **lru_p,
+	struct pack_window **lru_w,
+	struct pack_window **lru_l)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w, *w_l;
+
+	for (w_l = NULL, w = p->windows; w; w = w->next) {
+		if (!w->inuse_cnt) {
+			if (!*lru_w || w->last_used < (*lru_w)->last_used) {
+				*lru_p = p;
+				*lru_w = w;
+				*lru_l = w_l;
+			}
+		}
+		w_l = w;
+	}
+}
+
+static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
+	struct pack_window *lru_w = NULL, *lru_l = NULL;
+
+	if (current)
+		scan_windows(current, &lru_p, &lru_w, &lru_l);
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+		scan_windows(p, &lru_p, &lru_w, &lru_l);
+	if (lru_p) {
+		munmap(lru_w->base, lru_w->len);
+		pack_mapped -= lru_w->len;
+		if (lru_l)
+			lru_l->next = lru_w->next;
+		else {
+			lru_p->windows = lru_w->next;
+			if (!lru_p->windows && lru_p->pack_fd != keep_fd) {
+				close(lru_p->pack_fd);
+				lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
+			}
+		}
+		free(lru_w);
+		pack_open_windows--;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void release_pack_memory(size_t need, int fd)
+{
+	size_t cur = pack_mapped;
+	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL, fd))
+		; /* nothing */
+}
+
+void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	while (p->windows) {
+		struct pack_window *w = p->windows;
+
+		if (w->inuse_cnt)
+			die("pack '%s' still has open windows to it",
+			    p->pack_name);
+		munmap(w->base, w->len);
+		pack_mapped -= w->len;
+		pack_open_windows--;
+		p->windows = w->next;
+		free(w);
+	}
+}
+
+void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w = *w_cursor;
+	if (w) {
+		w->inuse_cnt--;
+		*w_cursor = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is used by git-repack in case a newly created pack happens to
+ * contain the same set of objects as an existing one.  In that case
+ * the resulting file might be different even if its name would be the
+ * same.  It is best to close any reference to the old pack before it is
+ * replaced on disk.  Of course no index pointers nor windows for given pack
+ * must subsist at this point.  If ever objects from this pack are requested
+ * again, the new version of the pack will be reinitialized through
+ * reprepare_packed_git().
+ */
+void free_pack_by_name(const char *pack_name)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p, **pp = &packed_git;
+
+	while (*pp) {
+		p = *pp;
+		if (strcmp(pack_name, p->pack_name) == 0) {
+			clear_delta_base_cache();
+			close_pack_windows(p);
+			if (p->pack_fd != -1)
+				close(p->pack_fd);
+			if (p->index_data)
+				munmap((void *)p->index_data, p->index_size);
+			free(p->bad_object_sha1);
+			*pp = p->next;
+			free(p);
+			return;
+		}
+		pp = &p->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do not call this directly as this leaks p->pack_fd on error return;
+ * call open_packed_git() instead.
+ */
+static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct pack_header hdr;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned char *idx_sha1;
+	long fd_flag;
+
+	if (!p->index_data && open_pack_index(p))
+		return error("packfile %s index unavailable", p->pack_name);
+
+	p->pack_fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
+	while (p->pack_fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(p, -1))
+		p->pack_fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
+	if (p->pack_fd < 0 || fstat(p->pack_fd, &st))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* If we created the struct before we had the pack we lack size. */
+	if (!p->pack_size) {
+		if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			return error("packfile %s not a regular file", p->pack_name);
+		p->pack_size = st.st_size;
+	} else if (p->pack_size != st.st_size)
+		return error("packfile %s size changed", p->pack_name);
+
+	/* We leave these file descriptors open with sliding mmap;
+	 * there is no point keeping them open across exec(), though.
+	 */
+	fd_flag = fcntl(p->pack_fd, F_GETFD, 0);
+	if (fd_flag < 0)
+		return error("cannot determine file descriptor flags");
+	fd_flag |= FD_CLOEXEC;
+	if (fcntl(p->pack_fd, F_SETFD, fd_flag) == -1)
+		return error("cannot set FD_CLOEXEC");
+
+	/* Verify we recognize this pack file format. */
+	if (read_in_full(p->pack_fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != sizeof(hdr))
+		return error("file %s is far too short to be a packfile", p->pack_name);
+	if (hdr.hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
+		return error("file %s is not a GIT packfile", p->pack_name);
+	if (!pack_version_ok(hdr.hdr_version))
+		return error("packfile %s is version %"PRIu32" and not"
+			" supported (try upgrading GIT to a newer version)",
+			p->pack_name, ntohl(hdr.hdr_version));
+
+	/* Verify the pack matches its index. */
+	if (p->num_objects != ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries))
+		return error("packfile %s claims to have %"PRIu32" objects"
+			     " while index indicates %"PRIu32" objects",
+			     p->pack_name, ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries),
+			     p->num_objects);
+	if (lseek(p->pack_fd, p->pack_size - sizeof(sha1), SEEK_SET) == -1)
+		return error("end of packfile %s is unavailable", p->pack_name);
+	if (read_in_full(p->pack_fd, sha1, sizeof(sha1)) != sizeof(sha1))
+		return error("packfile %s signature is unavailable", p->pack_name);
+	idx_sha1 = ((unsigned char *)p->index_data) + p->index_size - 40;
+	if (hashcmp(sha1, idx_sha1))
+		return error("packfile %s does not match index", p->pack_name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int open_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	if (!open_packed_git_1(p))
+		return 0;
+	if (p->pack_fd != -1) {
+		close(p->pack_fd);
+		p->pack_fd = -1;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int in_window(struct pack_window *win, off_t offset)
+{
+	/* We must promise at least 20 bytes (one hash) after the
+	 * offset is available from this window, otherwise the offset
+	 * is not actually in this window and a different window (which
+	 * has that one hash excess) must be used.  This is to support
+	 * the object header and delta base parsing routines below.
+	 */
+	off_t win_off = win->offset;
+	return win_off <= offset
+		&& (offset + 20) <= (win_off + win->len);
+}
+
+unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
+		struct pack_window **w_cursor,
+		off_t offset,
+		unsigned int *left)
+{
+	struct pack_window *win = *w_cursor;
+
+	if (p->pack_fd == -1 && open_packed_git(p))
+		die("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
+
+	/* Since packfiles end in a hash of their content and it's
+	 * pointless to ask for an offset into the middle of that
+	 * hash, and the in_window function above wouldn't match
+	 * don't allow an offset too close to the end of the file.
+	 */
+	if (offset > (p->pack_size - 20))
+		die("offset beyond end of packfile (truncated pack?)");
+
+	if (!win || !in_window(win, offset)) {
+		if (win)
+			win->inuse_cnt--;
+		for (win = p->windows; win; win = win->next) {
+			if (in_window(win, offset))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (!win) {
+			size_t window_align = packed_git_window_size / 2;
+			off_t len;
+			win = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*win));
+			win->offset = (offset / window_align) * window_align;
+			len = p->pack_size - win->offset;
+			if (len > packed_git_window_size)
+				len = packed_git_window_size;
+			win->len = (size_t)len;
+			pack_mapped += win->len;
+			while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
+				&& unuse_one_window(p, p->pack_fd))
+				; /* nothing */
+			win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
+				PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
+				p->pack_fd, win->offset);
+			if (win->base == MAP_FAILED)
+				die("packfile %s cannot be mapped: %s",
+					p->pack_name,
+					strerror(errno));
+			pack_mmap_calls++;
+			pack_open_windows++;
+			if (pack_mapped > peak_pack_mapped)
+				peak_pack_mapped = pack_mapped;
+			if (pack_open_windows > peak_pack_open_windows)
+				peak_pack_open_windows = pack_open_windows;
+			win->next = p->windows;
+			p->windows = win;
+		}
+	}
+	if (win != *w_cursor) {
+		win->last_used = pack_used_ctr++;
+		win->inuse_cnt++;
+		*w_cursor = win;
+	}
+	offset -= win->offset;
+	if (left)
+		*left = win->len - xsize_t(offset);
+	return win->base + offset;
+}
+
+static struct packed_git *alloc_packed_git(int extra)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p) + extra);
+	memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+	p->pack_fd = -1;
+	return p;
+}
+
+struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(path_len + 2);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure a corresponding .pack file exists and that
+	 * the index looks sane.
+	 */
+	path_len -= strlen(".idx");
+	if (path_len < 1) {
+		free(p);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	memcpy(p->pack_name, path, path_len);
+
+	strcpy(p->pack_name + path_len, ".keep");
+	if (!access(p->pack_name, F_OK))
+		p->pack_keep = 1;
+
+	strcpy(p->pack_name + path_len, ".pack");
+	if (stat(p->pack_name, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+		free(p);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* ok, it looks sane as far as we can check without
+	 * actually mapping the pack file.
+	 */
+	p->pack_size = st.st_size;
+	p->pack_local = local;
+	p->mtime = st.st_mtime;
+	if (path_len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(path + path_len - 40, p->sha1))
+		hashclr(p->sha1);
+	return p;
+}
+
+struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *idx_path = sha1_pack_index_name(sha1);
+	const char *path = sha1_pack_name(sha1);
+	struct packed_git *p = alloc_packed_git(strlen(path) + 1);
+
+	strcpy(p->pack_name, path);
+	hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1);
+	if (check_packed_git_idx(idx_path, p)) {
+		free(p);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return p;
+}
+
+void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack)
+{
+	pack->next = packed_git;
+	packed_git = pack;
+}
+
+static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
+{
+	/* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
+	   append "/pack/" without clobbering the stack even if
+	   strlen(objdir) were PATH_MAX.  */
+	char path[PATH_MAX + 1 + 4 + 1 + 1];
+	int len;
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *de;
+
+	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
+	len = strlen(path);
+	dir = opendir(path);
+	while (!dir && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(packed_git, -1))
+		dir = opendir(path);
+	if (!dir) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			error("unable to open object pack directory: %s: %s",
+			      path, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	path[len++] = '/';
+	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
+		struct packed_git *p;
+
+		if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
+			continue;
+
+		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
+		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+			if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (p)
+			continue;
+		/* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
+		 * .pack file that we can map.
+		 */
+		p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
+		if (!p)
+			continue;
+		install_packed_git(p);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct packed_git *a = *((struct packed_git **)a_);
+	struct packed_git *b = *((struct packed_git **)b_);
+	int st;
+
+	/*
+	 * Local packs tend to contain objects specific to our
+	 * variant of the project than remote ones.  In addition,
+	 * remote ones could be on a network mounted filesystem.
+	 * Favor local ones for these reasons.
+	 */
+	st = a->pack_local - b->pack_local;
+	if (st)
+		return -st;
+
+	/*
+	 * Younger packs tend to contain more recent objects,
+	 * and more recent objects tend to get accessed more
+	 * often.
+	 */
+	if (a->mtime < b->mtime)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a->mtime == b->mtime)
+		return 0;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void rearrange_packed_git(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git **ary, *p;
+	int i, n;
+
+	for (n = 0, p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+		n++;
+	if (n < 2)
+		return;
+
+	/* prepare an array of packed_git for easier sorting */
+	ary = xcalloc(n, sizeof(struct packed_git *));
+	for (n = 0, p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+		ary[n++] = p;
+
+	qsort(ary, n, sizeof(struct packed_git *), sort_pack);
+
+	/* link them back again */
+	for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
+		ary[i]->next = ary[i + 1];
+	ary[n - 1]->next = NULL;
+	packed_git = ary[0];
+
+	free(ary);
+}
+
+static int prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
+void prepare_packed_git(void)
+{
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	if (prepare_packed_git_run_once)
+		return;
+	prepare_packed_git_one(get_object_directory(), 1);
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		alt->name[-1] = 0;
+		prepare_packed_git_one(alt->base, 0);
+		alt->name[-1] = '/';
+	}
+	rearrange_packed_git();
+	prepare_packed_git_run_once = 1;
+}
+
+void reprepare_packed_git(void)
+{
+	discard_revindex();
+	prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
+	prepare_packed_git();
+}
+
+static void mark_bad_packed_object(struct packed_git *p,
+				   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+	for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
+			return;
+	p->bad_object_sha1 = xrealloc(p->bad_object_sha1, 20 * (p->num_bad_objects + 1));
+	hashcpy(p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * p->num_bad_objects, sha1);
+	p->num_bad_objects++;
+}
+
+static int has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	unsigned i;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next)
+		for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
+			if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
+				return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long size, const char *type)
+{
+	unsigned char real_sha1[20];
+	hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+	return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
+{
+	static int sha1_file_open_flag = O_NOATIME;
+	int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
+
+	/* Might the failure be due to O_NOATIME? */
+	if (fd < 0 && errno != ENOENT && sha1_file_open_flag) {
+		fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
+		if (fd >= 0)
+			sha1_file_open_flag = 0;
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
+
+static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int fd;
+	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	fd = git_open_noatime(name);
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		return fd;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		name = alt->name;
+		fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+		fd = git_open_noatime(alt->base);
+		if (fd >= 0)
+			return fd;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	void *map;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open_sha1_file(sha1);
+	map = NULL;
+	if (fd >= 0) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (!fstat(fd, &st)) {
+			*size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+			map = xmmap(NULL, *size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+		}
+		close(fd);
+	}
+	return map;
+}
+
+static int legacy_loose_object(unsigned char *map)
+{
+	unsigned int word;
+
+	/*
+	 * Is it a zlib-compressed buffer? If so, the first byte
+	 * must be 0x78 (15-bit window size, deflated), and the
+	 * first 16-bit word is evenly divisible by 31
+	 */
+	word = (map[0] << 8) + map[1];
+	if (map[0] == 0x78 && !(word % 31))
+		return 1;
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
+		unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	unsigned shift;
+	unsigned long size, c;
+	unsigned long used = 0;
+
+	c = buf[used++];
+	*type = (c >> 4) & 7;
+	size = c & 15;
+	shift = 4;
+	while (c & 0x80) {
+		if (len <= used || bitsizeof(long) <= shift) {
+			error("bad object header");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		c = buf[used++];
+		size += (c & 0x7f) << shift;
+		shift += 7;
+	}
+	*sizep = size;
+	return used;
+}
+
+static int unpack_sha1_header(z_stream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz)
+{
+	unsigned long size, used;
+	static const char valid_loose_object_type[8] = {
+		0, /* OBJ_EXT */
+		1, 1, 1, 1, /* "commit", "tree", "blob", "tag" */
+		0, /* "delta" and others are invalid in a loose object */
+	};
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/* Get the data stream */
+	memset(stream, 0, sizeof(*stream));
+	stream->next_in = map;
+	stream->avail_in = mapsize;
+	stream->next_out = buffer;
+	stream->avail_out = bufsiz;
+
+	if (legacy_loose_object(map)) {
+		git_inflate_init(stream);
+		return git_inflate(stream, 0);
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * There used to be a second loose object header format which
+	 * was meant to mimic the in-pack format, allowing for direct
+	 * copy of the object data.  This format turned up not to be
+	 * really worth it and we don't write it any longer.  But we
+	 * can still read it.
+	 */
+	used = unpack_object_header_buffer(map, mapsize, &type, &size);
+	if (!used || !valid_loose_object_type[type])
+		return -1;
+	map += used;
+	mapsize -= used;
+
+	/* Set up the stream for the rest.. */
+	stream->next_in = map;
+	stream->avail_in = mapsize;
+	git_inflate_init(stream);
+
+	/* And generate the fake traditional header */
+	stream->total_out = 1 + snprintf(buffer, bufsiz, "%s %lu",
+					 typename(type), size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *unpack_sha1_rest(z_stream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int bytes = strlen(buffer) + 1;
+	unsigned char *buf = xmallocz(size);
+	unsigned long n;
+	int status = Z_OK;
+
+	n = stream->total_out - bytes;
+	if (n > size)
+		n = size;
+	memcpy(buf, (char *) buffer + bytes, n);
+	bytes = n;
+	if (bytes <= size) {
+		/*
+		 * The above condition must be (bytes <= size), not
+		 * (bytes < size).  In other words, even though we
+		 * expect no more output and set avail_out to zer0,
+		 * the input zlib stream may have bytes that express
+		 * "this concludes the stream", and we *do* want to
+		 * eat that input.
+		 *
+		 * Otherwise we would not be able to test that we
+		 * consumed all the input to reach the expected size;
+		 * we also want to check that zlib tells us that all
+		 * went well with status == Z_STREAM_END at the end.
+		 */
+		stream->next_out = buf + bytes;
+		stream->avail_out = size - bytes;
+		while (status == Z_OK)
+			status = git_inflate(stream, Z_FINISH);
+	}
+	if (status == Z_STREAM_END && !stream->avail_in) {
+		git_inflate_end(stream);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	if (status < 0)
+		error("corrupt loose object '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	else if (stream->avail_in)
+		error("garbage at end of loose object '%s'",
+		      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We used to just use "sscanf()", but that's actually way
+ * too permissive for what we want to check. So do an anal
+ * object header parse by hand.
+ */
+static int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	char type[10];
+	int i;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	/*
+	 * The type can be at most ten bytes (including the
+	 * terminating '\0' that we add), and is followed by
+	 * a space.
+	 */
+	i = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		char c = *hdr++;
+		if (c == ' ')
+			break;
+		type[i++] = c;
+		if (i >= sizeof(type))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	type[i] = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * The length must follow immediately, and be in canonical
+	 * decimal format (ie "010" is not valid).
+	 */
+	size = *hdr++ - '0';
+	if (size > 9)
+		return -1;
+	if (size) {
+		for (;;) {
+			unsigned long c = *hdr - '0';
+			if (c > 9)
+				break;
+			hdr++;
+			size = size * 10 + c;
+		}
+	}
+	*sizep = size;
+
+	/*
+	 * The length must be followed by a zero byte
+	 */
+	return *hdr ? -1 : type_from_string(type);
+}
+
+static void *unpack_sha1_file(void *map, unsigned long mapsize, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int ret;
+	z_stream stream;
+	char hdr[8192];
+
+	ret = unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+	if (ret < Z_OK || (*type = parse_sha1_header(hdr, size)) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return unpack_sha1_rest(&stream, hdr, *size, sha1);
+}
+
+unsigned long get_size_from_delta(struct packed_git *p,
+				  struct pack_window **w_curs,
+			          off_t curpos)
+{
+	const unsigned char *data;
+	unsigned char delta_head[20], *in;
+	z_stream stream;
+	int st;
+
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	stream.next_out = delta_head;
+	stream.avail_out = sizeof(delta_head);
+
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+	do {
+		in = use_pack(p, w_curs, curpos, &stream.avail_in);
+		stream.next_in = in;
+		st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+		curpos += stream.next_in - in;
+	} while ((st == Z_OK || st == Z_BUF_ERROR) &&
+		 stream.total_out < sizeof(delta_head));
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) && stream.total_out != sizeof(delta_head)) {
+		error("delta data unpack-initial failed");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Examine the initial part of the delta to figure out
+	 * the result size.
+	 */
+	data = delta_head;
+
+	/* ignore base size */
+	get_delta_hdr_size(&data, delta_head+sizeof(delta_head));
+
+	/* Read the result size */
+	return get_delta_hdr_size(&data, delta_head+sizeof(delta_head));
+}
+
+static off_t get_delta_base(struct packed_git *p,
+				    struct pack_window **w_curs,
+				    off_t *curpos,
+				    enum object_type type,
+				    off_t delta_obj_offset)
+{
+	unsigned char *base_info = use_pack(p, w_curs, *curpos, NULL);
+	off_t base_offset;
+
+	/* use_pack() assured us we have [base_info, base_info + 20)
+	 * as a range that we can look at without walking off the
+	 * end of the mapped window.  Its actually the hash size
+	 * that is assured.  An OFS_DELTA longer than the hash size
+	 * is stupid, as then a REF_DELTA would be smaller to store.
+	 */
+	if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		unsigned used = 0;
+		unsigned char c = base_info[used++];
+		base_offset = c & 127;
+		while (c & 128) {
+			base_offset += 1;
+			if (!base_offset || MSB(base_offset, 7))
+				return 0;  /* overflow */
+			c = base_info[used++];
+			base_offset = (base_offset << 7) + (c & 127);
+		}
+		base_offset = delta_obj_offset - base_offset;
+		if (base_offset <= 0 || base_offset >= delta_obj_offset)
+			return 0;  /* out of bound */
+		*curpos += used;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		/* The base entry _must_ be in the same pack */
+		base_offset = find_pack_entry_one(base_info, p);
+		*curpos += 20;
+	} else
+		die("I am totally screwed");
+	return base_offset;
+}
+
+/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
+			      unsigned long *sizep);
+
+static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
+			     struct pack_window **w_curs,
+			     off_t curpos,
+			     enum object_type type,
+			     off_t obj_offset,
+			     unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	off_t base_offset;
+
+	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+	if (!base_offset)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
+		if (!revidx)
+			return OBJ_BAD;
+		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+		type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
+		if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+			return OBJ_BAD;
+	}
+
+	/* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
+	 * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
+	 * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
+	 * inflate() calls.
+	 */
+	if (sizep) {
+		*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
+		if (*sizep == 0)
+			type = OBJ_BAD;
+	}
+
+	return type;
+}
+
+static int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
+				struct pack_window **w_curs,
+				off_t *curpos,
+				unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	unsigned char *base;
+	unsigned int left;
+	unsigned long used;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/* use_pack() assures us we have [base, base + 20) available
+	 * as a range that we can look at at.  (Its actually the hash
+	 * size that is assured.)  With our object header encoding
+	 * the maximum deflated object size is 2^137, which is just
+	 * insane, so we know won't exceed what we have been given.
+	 */
+	base = use_pack(p, w_curs, *curpos, &left);
+	used = unpack_object_header_buffer(base, left, &type, sizep);
+	if (!used) {
+		type = OBJ_BAD;
+	} else
+		*curpos += used;
+
+	return type;
+}
+
+const char *packed_object_info_detail(struct packed_git *p,
+				      off_t obj_offset,
+				      unsigned long *size,
+				      unsigned long *store_size,
+				      unsigned int *delta_chain_length,
+				      unsigned char *base_sha1)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	off_t curpos;
+	unsigned long dummy;
+	unsigned char *next_sha1;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+
+	*delta_chain_length = 0;
+	curpos = obj_offset;
+	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, size);
+
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+	*store_size = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		switch (type) {
+		default:
+			die("pack %s contains unknown object type %d",
+			    p->pack_name, type);
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return typename(type);
+		case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
+			obj_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+			if (!obj_offset)
+				die("pack %s contains bad delta base reference of type %s",
+				    p->pack_name, typename(type));
+			if (*delta_chain_length == 0) {
+				revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+				hashcpy(base_sha1, nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr));
+			}
+			break;
+		case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
+			next_sha1 = use_pack(p, &w_curs, curpos, NULL);
+			if (*delta_chain_length == 0)
+				hashcpy(base_sha1, next_sha1);
+			obj_offset = find_pack_entry_one(next_sha1, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		(*delta_chain_length)++;
+		curpos = obj_offset;
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &dummy);
+	}
+}
+
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+			      unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
+	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
+		type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
+					 type, obj_offset, sizep);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		if (sizep)
+			*sizep = size;
+		break;
+	default:
+		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
+		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+		type = OBJ_BAD;
+	}
+	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+	return type;
+}
+
+static void *unpack_compressed_entry(struct packed_git *p,
+				    struct pack_window **w_curs,
+				    off_t curpos,
+				    unsigned long size)
+{
+	int st;
+	z_stream stream;
+	unsigned char *buffer, *in;
+
+	buffer = xmallocz(size);
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	stream.next_out = buffer;
+	stream.avail_out = size + 1;
+
+	git_inflate_init(&stream);
+	do {
+		in = use_pack(p, w_curs, curpos, &stream.avail_in);
+		stream.next_in = in;
+		st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+		if (!stream.avail_out)
+			break; /* the payload is larger than it should be */
+		curpos += stream.next_in - in;
+	} while (st == Z_OK || st == Z_BUF_ERROR);
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) || stream.total_out != size) {
+		free(buffer);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+#define MAX_DELTA_CACHE (256)
+
+static size_t delta_base_cached;
+
+static struct delta_base_cache_lru_list {
+	struct delta_base_cache_lru_list *prev;
+	struct delta_base_cache_lru_list *next;
+} delta_base_cache_lru = { &delta_base_cache_lru, &delta_base_cache_lru };
+
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry {
+	struct delta_base_cache_lru_list lru;
+	void *data;
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	off_t base_offset;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+} delta_base_cache[MAX_DELTA_CACHE];
+
+static unsigned long pack_entry_hash(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+	unsigned long hash;
+
+	hash = (unsigned long)p + (unsigned long)base_offset;
+	hash += (hash >> 8) + (hash >> 16);
+	return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
+}
+
+static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
+	unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
+{
+	void *ret;
+	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+
+	ret = ent->data;
+	if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+		return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
+
+	if (!keep_cache) {
+		ent->data = NULL;
+		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+	} else {
+		ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
+	}
+	*type = ent->type;
+	*base_size = ent->size;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void release_delta_base_cache(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+	if (ent->data) {
+		free(ent->data);
+		ent->data = NULL;
+		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_delta_base_cache(void)
+{
+	unsigned long p;
+	for (p = 0; p < MAX_DELTA_CACHE; p++)
+		release_delta_base_cache(&delta_base_cache[p]);
+}
+
+static void add_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
+	void *base, unsigned long base_size, enum object_type type)
+{
+	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+	struct delta_base_cache_lru_list *lru;
+
+	release_delta_base_cache(ent);
+	delta_base_cached += base_size;
+
+	for (lru = delta_base_cache_lru.next;
+	     delta_base_cached > delta_base_cache_limit
+	     && lru != &delta_base_cache_lru;
+	     lru = lru->next) {
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *f = (void *)lru;
+		if (f->type == OBJ_BLOB)
+			release_delta_base_cache(f);
+	}
+	for (lru = delta_base_cache_lru.next;
+	     delta_base_cached > delta_base_cache_limit
+	     && lru != &delta_base_cache_lru;
+	     lru = lru->next) {
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *f = (void *)lru;
+		release_delta_base_cache(f);
+	}
+
+	ent->p = p;
+	ent->base_offset = base_offset;
+	ent->type = type;
+	ent->data = base;
+	ent->size = base_size;
+	ent->lru.next = &delta_base_cache_lru;
+	ent->lru.prev = delta_base_cache_lru.prev;
+	delta_base_cache_lru.prev->next = &ent->lru;
+	delta_base_cache_lru.prev = &ent->lru;
+}
+
+static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
+			 unsigned long *size);
+
+static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
+				struct pack_window **w_curs,
+				off_t curpos,
+				unsigned long delta_size,
+				off_t obj_offset,
+				enum object_type *type,
+				unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	void *delta_data, *result, *base;
+	unsigned long base_size;
+	off_t base_offset;
+
+	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
+	if (!base_offset) {
+		error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	unuse_pack(w_curs);
+	base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
+	if (!base) {
+		/*
+		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+		 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+		 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+		 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+		 */
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
+		if (!revidx)
+			return NULL;
+		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+		error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+		      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
+		      p->pack_name);
+		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+		base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
+		if (!base)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+	if (!delta_data) {
+		error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+		free(base);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+			     delta_data, delta_size,
+			     sizep);
+	if (!result)
+		die("failed to apply delta");
+	free(delta_data);
+	add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
+	return result;
+}
+
+int do_check_packed_object_crc;
+
+void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+		   enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+	void *data;
+
+	if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+		unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+		if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+			const unsigned char *sha1 =
+				nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+			error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+			      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
+	switch (*type) {
+	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
+	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
+		data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
+					  obj_offset, type, sizep);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+		break;
+	default:
+		data = NULL;
+		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
+		      *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+	}
+	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+	return data;
+}
+
+const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *p,
+					    uint32_t n)
+{
+	const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
+	if (!index) {
+		if (open_pack_index(p))
+			return NULL;
+		index = p->index_data;
+	}
+	if (n >= p->num_objects)
+		return NULL;
+	index += 4 * 256;
+	if (p->index_version == 1) {
+		return index + 24 * n + 4;
+	} else {
+		index += 8;
+		return index + 20 * n;
+	}
+}
+
+off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *p, uint32_t n)
+{
+	const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
+	index += 4 * 256;
+	if (p->index_version == 1) {
+		return ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 24 * n)));
+	} else {
+		uint32_t off;
+		index += 8 + p->num_objects * (20 + 4);
+		off = ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 4 * n)));
+		if (!(off & 0x80000000))
+			return off;
+		index += p->num_objects * 4 + (off & 0x7fffffff) * 8;
+		return (((uint64_t)ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 0)))) << 32) |
+				   ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 4)));
+	}
+}
+
+off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	const uint32_t *level1_ofs = p->index_data;
+	const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
+	unsigned hi, lo, stride;
+	static int use_lookup = -1;
+	static int debug_lookup = -1;
+
+	if (debug_lookup < 0)
+		debug_lookup = !!getenv("GIT_DEBUG_LOOKUP");
+
+	if (!index) {
+		if (open_pack_index(p))
+			return 0;
+		level1_ofs = p->index_data;
+		index = p->index_data;
+	}
+	if (p->index_version > 1) {
+		level1_ofs += 2;
+		index += 8;
+	}
+	index += 4 * 256;
+	hi = ntohl(level1_ofs[*sha1]);
+	lo = ((*sha1 == 0x0) ? 0 : ntohl(level1_ofs[*sha1 - 1]));
+	if (p->index_version > 1) {
+		stride = 20;
+	} else {
+		stride = 24;
+		index += 4;
+	}
+
+	if (debug_lookup)
+		printf("%02x%02x%02x... lo %u hi %u nr %"PRIu32"\n",
+		       sha1[0], sha1[1], sha1[2], lo, hi, p->num_objects);
+
+	if (use_lookup < 0)
+		use_lookup = !!getenv("GIT_USE_LOOKUP");
+	if (use_lookup) {
+		int pos = sha1_entry_pos(index, stride, 0,
+					 lo, hi, p->num_objects, sha1);
+		if (pos < 0)
+			return 0;
+		return nth_packed_object_offset(p, pos);
+	}
+
+	do {
+		unsigned mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		int cmp = hashcmp(index + mi * stride, sha1);
+
+		if (debug_lookup)
+			printf("lo %u hi %u rg %u mi %u\n",
+			       lo, hi, hi - lo, mi);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return nth_packed_object_offset(p, mi);
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			hi = mi;
+		else
+			lo = mi+1;
+	} while (lo < hi);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct pack_entry *e)
+{
+	static struct packed_git *last_found = (void *)1;
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	off_t offset;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	if (!packed_git)
+		return 0;
+	p = (last_found == (void *)1) ? packed_git : last_found;
+
+	do {
+		if (p->num_bad_objects) {
+			unsigned i;
+			for (i = 0; i < p->num_bad_objects; i++)
+				if (!hashcmp(sha1, p->bad_object_sha1 + 20 * i))
+					goto next;
+		}
+
+		offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
+		if (offset) {
+			/*
+			 * We are about to tell the caller where they can
+			 * locate the requested object.  We better make
+			 * sure the packfile is still here and can be
+			 * accessed before supplying that answer, as
+			 * it may have been deleted since the index
+			 * was loaded!
+			 */
+			if (p->pack_fd == -1 && open_packed_git(p)) {
+				error("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
+				goto next;
+			}
+			e->offset = offset;
+			e->p = p;
+			hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
+			last_found = p;
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		next:
+		if (p == last_found)
+			p = packed_git;
+		else
+			p = p->next;
+		if (p == last_found)
+			p = p->next;
+	} while (p);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct packed_git *packs)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	for (p = packs; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p))
+			return p;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+
+}
+
+static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	int status;
+	unsigned long mapsize, size;
+	void *map;
+	z_stream stream;
+	char hdr[32];
+
+	map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
+	if (!map)
+		return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
+		status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
+			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	else if ((status = parse_sha1_header(hdr, &size)) < 0)
+		status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	else if (sizep)
+		*sizep = size;
+	git_inflate_end(&stream);
+	munmap(map, mapsize);
+	return status;
+}
+
+int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct pack_entry e;
+	int status;
+
+	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e)) {
+		/* Most likely it's a loose object. */
+		status = sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, sizep);
+		if (status >= 0)
+			return status;
+
+		/* Not a loose object; someone else may have just packed it. */
+		reprepare_packed_git();
+		if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
+			return status;
+	}
+
+	status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, sizep);
+	if (status < 0) {
+		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
+		status = sha1_object_info(sha1, sizep);
+	}
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	struct pack_entry e;
+	void *data;
+
+	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
+		return NULL;
+	data = cache_or_unpack_entry(e.p, e.offset, size, type, 1);
+	if (!data) {
+		/*
+		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+		 * the required object anyway from another pack or loose.
+		 * This should happen only in the presence of a corrupted
+		 * pack, and is better than failing outright.
+		 */
+		error("failed to read object %s at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), (uintmax_t)e.offset, e.p->pack_name);
+		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
+		data = read_object(sha1, type, size);
+	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is meant to hold a *small* number of objects that you would
+ * want read_sha1_file() to be able to return, but yet you do not want
+ * to write them into the object store (e.g. a browse-only
+ * application).
+ */
+static struct cached_object {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+} *cached_objects;
+static int cached_object_nr, cached_object_alloc;
+
+static struct cached_object empty_tree = {
+	EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN,
+	OBJ_TREE,
+	"",
+	0
+};
+
+static struct cached_object *find_cached_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct cached_object *co = cached_objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cached_object_nr; i++, co++) {
+		if (!hashcmp(co->sha1, sha1))
+			return co;
+	}
+	if (!hashcmp(sha1, empty_tree.sha1))
+		return &empty_tree;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int pretend_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type type,
+		      unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct cached_object *co;
+
+	hash_sha1_file(buf, len, typename(type), sha1);
+	if (has_sha1_file(sha1) || find_cached_object(sha1))
+		return 0;
+	if (cached_object_alloc <= cached_object_nr) {
+		cached_object_alloc = alloc_nr(cached_object_alloc);
+		cached_objects = xrealloc(cached_objects,
+					  sizeof(*cached_objects) *
+					  cached_object_alloc);
+	}
+	co = &cached_objects[cached_object_nr++];
+	co->size = len;
+	co->type = type;
+	co->buf = xmalloc(len);
+	memcpy(co->buf, buf, len);
+	hashcpy(co->sha1, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
+			 unsigned long *size)
+{
+	unsigned long mapsize;
+	void *map, *buf;
+	struct cached_object *co;
+
+	co = find_cached_object(sha1);
+	if (co) {
+		*type = co->type;
+		*size = co->size;
+		return xmemdupz(co->buf, co->size);
+	}
+
+	buf = read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, size);
+	if (buf)
+		return buf;
+	map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
+	if (map) {
+		buf = unpack_sha1_file(map, mapsize, type, size, sha1);
+		munmap(map, mapsize);
+		return buf;
+	}
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, size);
+}
+
+void *read_sha1_file_repl(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  enum object_type *type,
+			  unsigned long *size,
+			  const unsigned char **replacement)
+{
+	const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
+	void *data = read_object(repl, type, size);
+
+	/* die if we replaced an object with one that does not exist */
+	if (!data && repl != sha1)
+		die("replacement %s not found for %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(repl), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	/* legacy behavior is to die on corrupted objects */
+	if (!data && (has_loose_object(repl) || has_packed_and_bad(repl)))
+		die("object %s is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+
+	if (replacement)
+		*replacement = repl;
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				 const char *required_type_name,
+				 unsigned long *size,
+				 unsigned char *actual_sha1_return)
+{
+	enum object_type type, required_type;
+	void *buffer;
+	unsigned long isize;
+	unsigned char actual_sha1[20];
+
+	required_type = type_from_string(required_type_name);
+	hashcpy(actual_sha1, sha1);
+	while (1) {
+		int ref_length = -1;
+		const char *ref_type = NULL;
+
+		buffer = read_sha1_file(actual_sha1, &type, &isize);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return NULL;
+		if (type == required_type) {
+			*size = isize;
+			if (actual_sha1_return)
+				hashcpy(actual_sha1_return, actual_sha1);
+			return buffer;
+		}
+		/* Handle references */
+		else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			ref_type = "tree ";
+		else if (type == OBJ_TAG)
+			ref_type = "object ";
+		else {
+			free(buffer);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		ref_length = strlen(ref_type);
+
+		if (ref_length + 40 > isize ||
+		    memcmp(buffer, ref_type, ref_length) ||
+		    get_sha1_hex((char *) buffer + ref_length, actual_sha1)) {
+			free(buffer);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		free(buffer);
+		/* Now we have the ID of the referred-to object in
+		 * actual_sha1.  Check again. */
+	}
+}
+
+static void write_sha1_file_prepare(const void *buf, unsigned long len,
+                                    const char *type, unsigned char *sha1,
+                                    char *hdr, int *hdrlen)
+{
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+
+	/* Generate the header */
+	*hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", type, len)+1;
+
+	/* Sha1.. */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, *hdrlen);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, len);
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Move the just written object into its final resting place.
+ * NEEDSWORK: this should be renamed to finalize_temp_file() as
+ * "moving" is only a part of what it does, when no patch between
+ * master to pu changes the call sites of this function.
+ */
+int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (object_creation_mode == OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES)
+		goto try_rename;
+	else if (link(tmpfile, filename))
+		ret = errno;
+
+	/*
+	 * Coda hack - coda doesn't like cross-directory links,
+	 * so we fall back to a rename, which will mean that it
+	 * won't be able to check collisions, but that's not a
+	 * big deal.
+	 *
+	 * The same holds for FAT formatted media.
+	 *
+	 * When this succeeds, we just return.  We have nothing
+	 * left to unlink.
+	 */
+	if (ret && ret != EEXIST) {
+	try_rename:
+		if (!rename(tmpfile, filename))
+			goto out;
+		ret = errno;
+	}
+	unlink_or_warn(tmpfile);
+	if (ret) {
+		if (ret != EEXIST) {
+			return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(ret));
+		}
+		/* FIXME!!! Collision check here ? */
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (set_shared_perm(filename, (S_IFREG|0444)))
+		return error("unable to set permission to '%s'", filename);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_buffer(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, len) < 0)
+		return error("file write error (%s)", strerror(errno));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int hash_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type,
+                   unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+	write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Finalize a file on disk, and close it. */
+static void close_sha1_file(int fd)
+{
+	if (fsync_object_files)
+		fsync_or_die(fd, "sha1 file");
+	if (close(fd) != 0)
+		die_errno("error when closing sha1 file");
+}
+
+/* Size of directory component, including the ending '/' */
+static inline int directory_size(const char *filename)
+{
+	const char *s = strrchr(filename, '/');
+	if (!s)
+		return 0;
+	return s - filename + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This creates a temporary file in the same directory as the final
+ * 'filename'
+ *
+ * We want to avoid cross-directory filename renames, because those
+ * can have problems on various filesystems (FAT, NFS, Coda).
+ */
+static int create_tmpfile(char *buffer, size_t bufsiz, const char *filename)
+{
+	int fd, dirlen = directory_size(filename);
+
+	if (dirlen + 20 > bufsiz) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
+	strcpy(buffer + dirlen, "tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
+	fd = mkstemp(buffer);
+	if (fd < 0 && dirlen && errno == ENOENT) {
+		/* Make sure the directory exists */
+		memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
+		buffer[dirlen-1] = 0;
+		if (mkdir(buffer, 0777) || adjust_shared_perm(buffer))
+			return -1;
+
+		/* Try again */
+		strcpy(buffer + dirlen - 1, "/tmp_obj_XXXXXX");
+		fd = mkstemp(buffer);
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
+
+static int write_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, char *hdr, int hdrlen,
+			      void *buf, unsigned long len, time_t mtime)
+{
+	int fd, ret;
+	size_t size;
+	unsigned char *compressed;
+	z_stream stream;
+	char *filename;
+	static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
+
+	filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+	fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
+	while (fd < 0 && errno == EMFILE && unuse_one_window(packed_git, -1))
+		fd = create_tmpfile(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), filename);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (errno == EACCES)
+			return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s\n", get_object_directory());
+		else
+			return error("unable to create temporary sha1 filename %s: %s\n", tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	/* Set it up */
+	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
+	deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
+	size = 8 + deflateBound(&stream, len+hdrlen);
+	compressed = xmalloc(size);
+
+	/* Compress it */
+	stream.next_out = compressed;
+	stream.avail_out = size;
+
+	/* First header.. */
+	stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)hdr;
+	stream.avail_in = hdrlen;
+	while (deflate(&stream, 0) == Z_OK)
+		/* nothing */;
+
+	/* Then the data itself.. */
+	stream.next_in = buf;
+	stream.avail_in = len;
+	ret = deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+	if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
+		die("unable to deflate new object %s (%d)", sha1_to_hex(sha1), ret);
+
+	ret = deflateEnd(&stream);
+	if (ret != Z_OK)
+		die("deflateEnd on object %s failed (%d)", sha1_to_hex(sha1), ret);
+
+	size = stream.total_out;
+
+	if (write_buffer(fd, compressed, size) < 0)
+		die("unable to write sha1 file");
+	close_sha1_file(fd);
+	free(compressed);
+
+	if (mtime) {
+		struct utimbuf utb;
+		utb.actime = mtime;
+		utb.modtime = mtime;
+		if (utime(tmpfile, &utb) < 0)
+			warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
+				tmpfile, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	return move_temp_to_file(tmpfile, filename);
+}
+
+int write_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *returnsha1)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+
+	/* Normally if we have it in the pack then we do not bother writing
+	 * it out into .git/objects/??/?{38} file.
+	 */
+	write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
+	if (returnsha1)
+		hashcpy(returnsha1, sha1);
+	if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return 0;
+	return write_loose_object(sha1, hdr, hdrlen, buf, len, 0);
+}
+
+int force_object_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, time_t mtime)
+{
+	void *buf;
+	unsigned long len;
+	enum object_type type;
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (has_loose_object(sha1))
+		return 0;
+	buf = read_packed_sha1(sha1, &type, &len);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("cannot read sha1_file for %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
+	ret = write_loose_object(sha1, hdr, hdrlen, buf, len, mtime);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int has_pack_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (stat(sha1_pack_index_name(sha1), &st))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int has_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct pack_entry e;
+	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
+}
+
+int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct pack_entry e;
+
+	if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
+		return 1;
+	return has_loose_object(sha1);
+}
+
+static int index_mem(unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, size_t size,
+		     int write_object, enum object_type type, const char *path)
+{
+	int ret, re_allocated = 0;
+
+	if (!type)
+		type = OBJ_BLOB;
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert blobs to git internal format
+	 */
+	if ((type == OBJ_BLOB) && path) {
+		struct strbuf nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (convert_to_git(path, buf, size, &nbuf,
+		                   write_object ? safe_crlf : 0)) {
+			buf = strbuf_detach(&nbuf, &size);
+			re_allocated = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (write_object)
+		ret = write_sha1_file(buf, size, typename(type), sha1);
+	else
+		ret = hash_sha1_file(buf, size, typename(type), sha1);
+	if (re_allocated)
+		free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, int write_object,
+	     enum object_type type, const char *path)
+{
+	int ret;
+	size_t size = xsize_t(st->st_size);
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode)) {
+		struct strbuf sbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (strbuf_read(&sbuf, fd, 4096) >= 0)
+			ret = index_mem(sha1, sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, write_object,
+					type, path);
+		else
+			ret = -1;
+		strbuf_release(&sbuf);
+	} else if (size) {
+		void *buf = xmmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+		ret = index_mem(sha1, buf, size, write_object, type, path);
+		munmap(buf, size);
+	} else
+		ret = index_mem(sha1, NULL, size, write_object, type, path);
+	close(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, int write_object)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			return error("open(\"%s\"): %s", path,
+				     strerror(errno));
+		if (index_fd(sha1, fd, st, write_object, OBJ_BLOB, path) < 0)
+			return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
+				     path);
+		break;
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		if (strbuf_readlink(&sb, path, st->st_size)) {
+			char *errstr = strerror(errno);
+			return error("readlink(\"%s\"): %s", path,
+			             errstr);
+		}
+		if (!write_object)
+			hash_sha1_file(sb.buf, sb.len, blob_type, sha1);
+		else if (write_sha1_file(sb.buf, sb.len, blob_type, sha1))
+			return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
+				     path);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		break;
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		return resolve_gitlink_ref(path, "HEAD", sha1);
+	default:
+		return error("%s: unsupported file type", path);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int read_pack_header(int fd, struct pack_header *header)
+{
+	if (read_in_full(fd, header, sizeof(*header)) < sizeof(*header))
+		/* "eof before pack header was fully read" */
+		return PH_ERROR_EOF;
+
+	if (header->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
+		/* "protocol error (pack signature mismatch detected)" */
+		return PH_ERROR_PACK_SIGNATURE;
+	if (!pack_version_ok(header->hdr_version))
+		/* "protocol error (pack version unsupported)" */
+		return PH_ERROR_PROTOCOL;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7729925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1111 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+static int find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+	char hex[40];
+	int found = 0;
+	static struct alternate_object_database *fakeent;
+
+	if (!fakeent) {
+		const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
+		int objdir_len = strlen(objdir);
+		int entlen = objdir_len + 43;
+		fakeent = xmalloc(sizeof(*fakeent) + entlen);
+		memcpy(fakeent->base, objdir, objdir_len);
+		fakeent->name = fakeent->base + objdir_len + 1;
+		fakeent->name[-1] = '/';
+	}
+	fakeent->next = alt_odb_list;
+
+	sprintf(hex, "%.2s", name);
+	for (alt = fakeent; alt && found < 2; alt = alt->next) {
+		struct dirent *de;
+		DIR *dir;
+		sprintf(alt->name, "%.2s/", name);
+		dir = opendir(alt->base);
+		if (!dir)
+			continue;
+		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
+				continue;
+			if (memcmp(de->d_name, name + 2, len - 2))
+				continue;
+			if (!found) {
+				memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
+				found++;
+			}
+			else if (memcmp(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38)) {
+				found = 2;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		closedir(dir);
+	}
+	if (found == 1)
+		return get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) == 0;
+	return found;
+}
+
+static int match_sha(unsigned len, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b)
+{
+	do {
+		if (*a != *b)
+			return 0;
+		a++;
+		b++;
+		len -= 2;
+	} while (len > 1);
+	if (len)
+		if ((*a ^ *b) & 0xf0)
+			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	const unsigned char *found_sha1 = NULL;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p && found < 2; p = p->next) {
+		uint32_t num, last;
+		uint32_t first = 0;
+		open_pack_index(p);
+		num = p->num_objects;
+		last = num;
+		while (first < last) {
+			uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
+			const unsigned char *now;
+			int cmp;
+
+			now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
+			cmp = hashcmp(match, now);
+			if (!cmp) {
+				first = mid;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (cmp > 0) {
+				first = mid+1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			last = mid;
+		}
+		if (first < num) {
+			const unsigned char *now, *next;
+		       now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first);
+			if (match_sha(len, match, now)) {
+				next = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first+1);
+			       if (!next|| !match_sha(len, match, next)) {
+					/* unique within this pack */
+					if (!found) {
+						found_sha1 = now;
+						found++;
+					}
+					else if (hashcmp(found_sha1, now)) {
+						found = 2;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					/* not even unique within this pack */
+					found = 2;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (found == 1)
+		hashcpy(sha1, found_sha1);
+	return found;
+}
+
+#define SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND (-1)
+#define SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS (-2)
+
+static int find_unique_short_object(int len, char *canonical,
+				    unsigned char *res, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int has_unpacked, has_packed;
+	unsigned char unpacked_sha1[20], packed_sha1[20];
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	has_unpacked = find_short_object_filename(len, canonical, unpacked_sha1);
+	has_packed = find_short_packed_object(len, res, packed_sha1);
+	if (!has_unpacked && !has_packed)
+		return SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+	if (1 < has_unpacked || 1 < has_packed)
+		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
+	if (has_unpacked != has_packed) {
+		hashcpy(sha1, (has_packed ? packed_sha1 : unpacked_sha1));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* Both have unique ones -- do they match? */
+	if (hashcmp(packed_sha1, unpacked_sha1))
+		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
+	hashcpy(sha1, packed_sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
+			  int quietly)
+{
+	int i, status;
+	char canonical[40];
+	unsigned char res[20];
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	hashclr(res);
+	memset(canonical, 'x', 40);
+	for (i = 0; i < len ;i++) {
+		unsigned char c = name[i];
+		unsigned char val;
+		if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+			val = c - '0';
+		else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+			val = c - 'a' + 10;
+		else if (c >= 'A' && c <='F') {
+			val = c - 'A' + 10;
+			c -= 'A' - 'a';
+		}
+		else
+			return -1;
+		canonical[i] = c;
+		if (!(i & 1))
+			val <<= 4;
+		res[i >> 1] |= val;
+	}
+
+	status = find_unique_short_object(i, canonical, res, sha1);
+	if (!quietly && (status == SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS))
+		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, canonical);
+	return status;
+}
+
+const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
+{
+	int status, exists;
+	static char hex[41];
+
+	exists = has_sha1_file(sha1);
+	memcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	if (len == 40 || !len)
+		return hex;
+	while (len < 40) {
+		unsigned char sha1_ret[20];
+		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, 1);
+		if (exists
+		    ? !status
+		    : status == SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
+			hex[len] = 0;
+			return hex;
+		}
+		len++;
+	}
+	return hex;
+}
+
+static int ambiguous_path(const char *path, int len)
+{
+	int slash = 1;
+	int cnt;
+
+	for (cnt = 0; cnt < len; cnt++) {
+		switch (*path++) {
+		case '\0':
+			break;
+		case '/':
+			if (slash)
+				break;
+			slash = 1;
+			continue;
+		case '.':
+			continue;
+		default:
+			slash = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	return slash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * *string and *len will only be substituted, and *string returned (for
+ * later free()ing) if the string passed in is a magic short-hand form
+ * to name a branch.
+ */
+static char *substitute_branch_name(const char **string, int *len)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, &buf);
+
+	if (ret == *len) {
+		size_t size;
+		*string = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+		*len = size;
+		return (char *)*string;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref)
+{
+	char *last_branch = substitute_branch_name(&str, &len);
+	const char **p, *r;
+	int refs_found = 0;
+
+	*ref = NULL;
+	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++) {
+		char fullref[PATH_MAX];
+		unsigned char sha1_from_ref[20];
+		unsigned char *this_result;
+		int flag;
+
+		this_result = refs_found ? sha1_from_ref : sha1;
+		mksnpath(fullref, sizeof(fullref), *p, len, str);
+		r = resolve_ref(fullref, this_result, 1, &flag);
+		if (r) {
+			if (!refs_found++)
+				*ref = xstrdup(r);
+			if (!warn_ambiguous_refs)
+				break;
+		} else if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+			   (len != 4 || strcmp(str, "HEAD")))
+			warning("ignoring dangling symref %s.", fullref);
+	}
+	free(last_branch);
+	return refs_found;
+}
+
+int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **log)
+{
+	char *last_branch = substitute_branch_name(&str, &len);
+	const char **p;
+	int logs_found = 0;
+
+	*log = NULL;
+	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++) {
+		struct stat st;
+		unsigned char hash[20];
+		char path[PATH_MAX];
+		const char *ref, *it;
+
+		mksnpath(path, sizeof(path), *p, len, str);
+		ref = resolve_ref(path, hash, 1, NULL);
+		if (!ref)
+			continue;
+		if (!stat(git_path("logs/%s", path), &st) &&
+		    S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			it = path;
+		else if (strcmp(ref, path) &&
+			 !stat(git_path("logs/%s", ref), &st) &&
+			 S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			it = ref;
+		else
+			continue;
+		if (!logs_found++) {
+			*log = xstrdup(it);
+			hashcpy(sha1, hash);
+		}
+		if (!warn_ambiguous_refs)
+			break;
+	}
+	free(last_branch);
+	return logs_found;
+}
+
+static inline int upstream_mark(const char *string, int len)
+{
+	const char *suffix[] = { "@{upstream}", "@{u}" };
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(suffix); i++) {
+		int suffix_len = strlen(suffix[i]);
+		if (suffix_len <= len
+		    && !memcmp(string, suffix[i], suffix_len))
+			return suffix_len;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1);
+
+static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static const char *warning = "warning: refname '%.*s' is ambiguous.\n";
+	char *real_ref = NULL;
+	int refs_found = 0;
+	int at, reflog_len;
+
+	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* basic@{time or number or -number} format to query ref-log */
+	reflog_len = at = 0;
+	if (len && str[len-1] == '}') {
+		for (at = len-2; at >= 0; at--) {
+			if (str[at] == '@' && str[at+1] == '{') {
+				if (!upstream_mark(str + at, len - at)) {
+					reflog_len = (len-1) - (at+2);
+					len = at;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Accept only unambiguous ref paths. */
+	if (len && ambiguous_path(str, len))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!len && reflog_len) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int ret;
+		/* try the @{-N} syntax for n-th checkout */
+		ret = interpret_branch_name(str+at, &buf);
+		if (ret > 0) {
+			/* substitute this branch name and restart */
+			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1);
+		} else if (ret == 0) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		/* allow "@{...}" to mean the current branch reflog */
+		refs_found = dwim_ref("HEAD", 4, sha1, &real_ref);
+	} else if (reflog_len)
+		refs_found = dwim_log(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
+	else
+		refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
+
+	if (!refs_found)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && refs_found > 1)
+		fprintf(stderr, warning, len, str);
+
+	if (reflog_len) {
+		int nth, i;
+		unsigned long at_time;
+		unsigned long co_time;
+		int co_tz, co_cnt;
+
+		/* a @{-N} placed anywhere except the start is an error */
+		if (str[at+2] == '-')
+			return -1;
+
+		/* Is it asking for N-th entry, or approxidate? */
+		for (i = nth = 0; 0 <= nth && i < reflog_len; i++) {
+			char ch = str[at+2+i];
+			if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
+				nth = nth * 10 + ch - '0';
+			else
+				nth = -1;
+		}
+		if (100000000 <= nth) {
+			at_time = nth;
+			nth = -1;
+		} else if (0 <= nth)
+			at_time = 0;
+		else {
+			int errors = 0;
+			char *tmp = xstrndup(str + at + 2, reflog_len);
+			at_time = approxidate_careful(tmp, &errors);
+			free(tmp);
+			if (errors)
+				return -1;
+		}
+		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
+				&co_time, &co_tz, &co_cnt)) {
+			if (at_time)
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"warning: Log for '%.*s' only goes "
+					"back to %s.\n", len, str,
+					show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"warning: Log for '%.*s' only has "
+					"%d entries.\n", len, str, co_cnt);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(real_ref);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_parent(const char *name, int len,
+		      unsigned char *result, int idx)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return -1;
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return -1;
+	if (!idx) {
+		hashcpy(result, commit->object.sha1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	p = commit->parents;
+	while (p) {
+		if (!--idx) {
+			hashcpy(result, p->item->object.sha1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
+			    unsigned char *result, int generation)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (generation--) {
+		if (parse_commit(commit) || !commit->parents)
+			return -1;
+		commit = commit->parents->item;
+	}
+	hashcpy(result, commit->object.sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct object *peel_to_type(const char *name, int namelen,
+			    struct object *o, enum object_type expected_type)
+{
+	if (name && !namelen)
+		namelen = strlen(name);
+	if (!o) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1))
+			return NULL;
+		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
+			return NULL;
+		if (o->type == expected_type)
+			return o;
+		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			o = ((struct tag*) o)->tagged;
+		else if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			o = &(((struct commit *) o)->tree->object);
+		else {
+			if (name)
+				error("%.*s: expected %s type, but the object "
+				      "dereferences to %s type",
+				      namelen, name, typename(expected_type),
+				      typename(o->type));
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char outer[20];
+	const char *sp;
+	unsigned int expected_type = 0;
+	struct object *o;
+
+	/*
+	 * "ref^{type}" dereferences ref repeatedly until you cannot
+	 * dereference anymore, or you get an object of given type,
+	 * whichever comes first.  "ref^{}" means just dereference
+	 * tags until you get a non-tag.  "ref^0" is a shorthand for
+	 * "ref^{commit}".  "commit^{tree}" could be used to find the
+	 * top-level tree of the given commit.
+	 */
+	if (len < 4 || name[len-1] != '}')
+		return -1;
+
+	for (sp = name + len - 1; name <= sp; sp--) {
+		int ch = *sp;
+		if (ch == '{' && name < sp && sp[-1] == '^')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (sp <= name)
+		return -1;
+
+	sp++; /* beginning of type name, or closing brace for empty */
+	if (!strncmp(commit_type, sp, 6) && sp[6] == '}')
+		expected_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	else if (!strncmp(tree_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+		expected_type = OBJ_TREE;
+	else if (!strncmp(blob_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	else if (sp[0] == '}')
+		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
+	else
+		return -1;
+
+	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer))
+		return -1;
+
+	o = parse_object(outer);
+	if (!o)
+		return -1;
+	if (!expected_type) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, name, sp - name - 2);
+		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
+			return -1;
+		hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * At this point, the syntax look correct, so
+		 * if we do not get the needed object, we should
+		 * barf.
+		 */
+		o = peel_to_type(name, len, o, expected_type);
+		if (o) {
+			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_describe_name(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+
+	for (cp = name + len - 1; name + 2 <= cp; cp--) {
+		char ch = *cp;
+		if (hexval(ch) & ~0377) {
+			/* We must be looking at g in "SOMETHING-g"
+			 * for it to be describe output.
+			 */
+			if (ch == 'g' && cp[-1] == '-') {
+				cp++;
+				len -= cp - name;
+				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int ret, has_suffix;
+	const char *cp;
+
+	/*
+	 * "name~3" is "name^^^", "name~" is "name~1", and "name^" is "name^1".
+	 */
+	has_suffix = 0;
+	for (cp = name + len - 1; name <= cp; cp--) {
+		int ch = *cp;
+		if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
+			continue;
+		if (ch == '~' || ch == '^')
+			has_suffix = ch;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (has_suffix) {
+		int num = 0;
+		int len1 = cp - name;
+		cp++;
+		while (cp < name + len)
+			num = num * 10 + *cp++ - '0';
+		if (!num && len1 == len - 1)
+			num = 1;
+		if (has_suffix == '^')
+			return get_parent(name, len1, sha1, num);
+		/* else if (has_suffix == '~') -- goes without saying */
+		return get_nth_ancestor(name, len1, sha1, num);
+	}
+
+	ret = peel_onion(name, len, sha1);
+	if (!ret)
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = get_sha1_basic(name, len, sha1);
+	if (!ret)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* It could be describe output that is "SOMETHING-gXXXX" */
+	ret = get_describe_name(name, len, sha1);
+	if (!ret)
+		return 0;
+
+	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, 0);
+}
+
+static int handle_one_ref(const char *path,
+		const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct commit_list **list = cb_data;
+	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!object)
+		return 0;
+	if (object->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		object = deref_tag(object, path, strlen(path));
+		if (!object)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 0;
+	insert_by_date((struct commit *)object, list);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This interprets names like ':/Initial revision of "git"' by searching
+ * through history and returning the first commit whose message starts
+ * with the given string.
+ *
+ * For future extension, ':/!' is reserved. If you want to match a message
+ * beginning with a '!', you have to repeat the exclamation mark.
+ */
+
+#define ONELINE_SEEN (1u<<20)
+static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL, *backup = NULL, *l;
+	int retval = -1;
+	char *temp_commit_buffer = NULL;
+
+	if (prefix[0] == '!') {
+		if (prefix[1] != '!')
+			die ("Invalid search pattern: %s", prefix);
+		prefix++;
+	}
+	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &list);
+	for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+		commit_list_insert(l->item, &backup);
+	while (list) {
+		char *p;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		commit = pop_most_recent_commit(&list, ONELINE_SEEN);
+		if (!parse_object(commit->object.sha1))
+			continue;
+		free(temp_commit_buffer);
+		if (commit->buffer)
+			p = commit->buffer;
+		else {
+			p = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+			if (!p)
+				continue;
+			temp_commit_buffer = p;
+		}
+		if (!(p = strstr(p, "\n\n")))
+			continue;
+		if (!prefixcmp(p + 2, prefix)) {
+			hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+			retval = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	free(temp_commit_buffer);
+	free_commit_list(list);
+	for (l = backup; l; l = l->next)
+		clear_commit_marks(l->item, ONELINE_SEEN);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
+	long cnt, alloc;
+	struct strbuf *buf;
+};
+
+static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				  const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+				  const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *match = NULL, *target = NULL;
+	size_t len;
+	int nth;
+
+	if (!prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from ")) {
+		match = message + strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+		target = strstr(match, " to ");
+	}
+
+	if (!match || !target)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = target - match;
+	nth = cb->cnt++ % cb->alloc;
+	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf[nth]);
+	strbuf_add(&cb->buf[nth], match, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse @{-N} syntax, return the number of characters parsed
+ * if successful; otherwise signal an error with negative value.
+ */
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	long nth;
+	int i, retval;
+	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata cb;
+	const char *brace;
+	char *num_end;
+
+	if (name[0] != '@' || name[1] != '{' || name[2] != '-')
+		return -1;
+	brace = strchr(name, '}');
+	if (!brace)
+		return -1;
+	nth = strtol(name+3, &num_end, 10);
+	if (num_end != brace)
+		return -1;
+	if (nth <= 0)
+		return -1;
+	cb.alloc = nth;
+	cb.buf = xmalloc(nth * sizeof(struct strbuf));
+	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
+		strbuf_init(&cb.buf[i], 20);
+	cb.cnt = 0;
+	retval = 0;
+	for_each_recent_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, 40960, &cb);
+	if (cb.cnt < nth) {
+		cb.cnt = 0;
+		for_each_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb);
+	}
+	if (cb.cnt < nth)
+		goto release_return;
+	i = cb.cnt % nth;
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf[i].buf, cb.buf[i].len);
+	retval = brace-name+1;
+
+release_return:
+	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
+		strbuf_release(&cb.buf[i]);
+	free(cb.buf);
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *one, *two;
+	struct commit_list *mbs;
+	unsigned char sha1_tmp[20];
+	const char *dots;
+	int st;
+
+	dots = strstr(name, "...");
+	if (!dots)
+		return get_sha1(name, sha1);
+	if (dots == name)
+		st = get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_tmp);
+	else {
+		struct strbuf sb;
+		strbuf_init(&sb, dots - name);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, name, dots - name);
+		st = get_sha1(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
+	if (st)
+		return st;
+	one = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1_tmp, 0);
+	if (!one)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (get_sha1(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
+		return -1;
+	two = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1_tmp, 0);
+	if (!two)
+		return -1;
+	mbs = get_merge_bases(one, two, 1);
+	if (!mbs || mbs->next)
+		st = -1;
+	else {
+		st = 0;
+		hashcpy(sha1, mbs->item->object.sha1);
+	}
+	free_commit_list(mbs);
+	return st;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This reads short-hand syntax that not only evaluates to a commit
+ * object name, but also can act as if the end user spelled the name
+ * of the branch from the command line.
+ *
+ * - "@{-N}" finds the name of the Nth previous branch we were on, and
+ *   places the name of the branch in the given buf and returns the
+ *   number of characters parsed if successful.
+ *
+ * - "<branch>@{upstream}" finds the name of the other ref that
+ *   <branch> is configured to merge with (missing <branch> defaults
+ *   to the current branch), and places the name of the branch in the
+ *   given buf and returns the number of characters parsed if
+ *   successful.
+ *
+ * If the input is not of the accepted format, it returns a negative
+ * number to signal an error.
+ *
+ * If the input was ok but there are not N branch switches in the
+ * reflog, it returns 0.
+ */
+int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *cp;
+	struct branch *upstream;
+	int namelen = strlen(name);
+	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, buf);
+	int tmp_len;
+
+	if (!len)
+		return len; /* syntax Ok, not enough switches */
+	if (0 < len && len == namelen)
+		return len; /* consumed all */
+	else if (0 < len) {
+		/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
+		struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int used = buf->len;
+		int ret;
+
+		strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
+		ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, &tmp);
+		/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+			return len;
+		}
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
+		strbuf_release(&tmp);
+		/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
+		return ret - used + len;
+	}
+
+	cp = strchr(name, '@');
+	if (!cp)
+		return -1;
+	tmp_len = upstream_mark(cp, namelen - (cp - name));
+	if (!tmp_len)
+		return -1;
+	len = cp + tmp_len - name;
+	cp = xstrndup(name, cp - name);
+	upstream = branch_get(*cp ? cp : NULL);
+	if (!upstream
+	    || !upstream->merge
+	    || !upstream->merge[0]->dst)
+		return error("No upstream branch found for '%s'", cp);
+	free(cp);
+	cp = shorten_unambiguous_ref(upstream->merge[0]->dst, 0);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, cp);
+	free(cp);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is like "get_sha1_basic()", except it allows "sha1 expressions",
+ * notably "xyz^" for "parent of xyz"
+ */
+int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_mode(name, sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+/* Must be called only when object_name:filename doesn't exist. */
+static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
+				       const char *filename,
+				       const unsigned char *tree_sha1,
+				       const char *object_name)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned mode;
+
+	if (!prefix)
+		prefix = "";
+
+	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%s'.",
+		    filename, object_name);
+	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
+		char *fullname = xmalloc(strlen(filename)
+					     + strlen(prefix) + 1);
+		strcpy(fullname, prefix);
+		strcat(fullname, filename);
+
+		if (!get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, fullname,
+				    sha1, &mode)) {
+			die("Path '%s' exists, but not '%s'.\n"
+			    "Did you mean '%s:%s'?",
+			    fullname,
+			    filename,
+			    object_name,
+			    fullname);
+		}
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%s'",
+		    filename, object_name);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Must be called only when :stage:filename doesn't exist. */
+static void diagnose_invalid_index_path(int stage,
+					const char *prefix,
+					const char *filename)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int pos;
+	unsigned namelen = strlen(filename);
+	unsigned fullnamelen;
+	char *fullname;
+
+	if (!prefix)
+		prefix = "";
+
+	/* Wrong stage number? */
+	pos = cache_name_pos(filename, namelen);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -pos - 1;
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
+	    !memcmp(ce->name, filename, namelen))
+		die("Path '%s' is in the index, but not at stage %d.\n"
+		    "Did you mean ':%d:%s'?",
+		    filename, stage,
+		    ce_stage(ce), filename);
+
+	/* Confusion between relative and absolute filenames? */
+	fullnamelen = namelen + strlen(prefix);
+	fullname = xmalloc(fullnamelen + 1);
+	strcpy(fullname, prefix);
+	strcat(fullname, filename);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(fullname, fullnamelen);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -pos - 1;
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	if (ce_namelen(ce) == fullnamelen &&
+	    !memcmp(ce->name, fullname, fullnamelen))
+		die("Path '%s' is in the index, but not '%s'.\n"
+		    "Did you mean ':%d:%s'?",
+		    fullname, filename,
+		    ce_stage(ce), fullname);
+
+	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in the index.", filename);
+	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist (neither on disk nor in the index).",
+		    filename);
+
+	free(fullname);
+}
+
+
+int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode, int gently, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int ret, bracket_depth;
+	int namelen = strlen(name);
+	const char *cp;
+
+	*mode = S_IFINVALID;
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1);
+	if (!ret)
+		return ret;
+	/* sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
+	 * :path -> object name of path in index
+	 * :[0-3]:path -> object name of path in index at stage
+	 */
+	if (name[0] == ':') {
+		int stage = 0;
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		int pos;
+		if (namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/')
+			return get_sha1_oneline(name + 2, sha1);
+		if (namelen < 3 ||
+		    name[2] != ':' ||
+		    name[1] < '0' || '3' < name[1])
+			cp = name + 1;
+		else {
+			stage = name[1] - '0';
+			cp = name + 3;
+		}
+		namelen = namelen - (cp - name);
+		if (!active_cache)
+			read_cache();
+		pos = cache_name_pos(cp, namelen);
+		if (pos < 0)
+			pos = -pos - 1;
+		while (pos < active_nr) {
+			ce = active_cache[pos];
+			if (ce_namelen(ce) != namelen ||
+			    memcmp(ce->name, cp, namelen))
+				break;
+			if (ce_stage(ce) == stage) {
+				hashcpy(sha1, ce->sha1);
+				*mode = ce->ce_mode;
+				return 0;
+			}
+			pos++;
+		}
+		if (!gently)
+			diagnose_invalid_index_path(stage, prefix, cp);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	for (cp = name, bracket_depth = 0; *cp; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '{')
+			bracket_depth++;
+		else if (bracket_depth && *cp == '}')
+			bracket_depth--;
+		else if (!bracket_depth && *cp == ':')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (*cp == ':') {
+		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+		char *object_name = NULL;
+		if (!gently) {
+			object_name = xmalloc(cp-name+1);
+			strncpy(object_name, name, cp-name);
+			object_name[cp-name] = '\0';
+		}
+		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1)) {
+			const char *filename = cp+1;
+			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, mode);
+			if (!gently) {
+				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
+							   tree_sha1, object_name);
+				free(object_name);
+			}
+			return ret;
+		} else {
+			if (!gently)
+				die("Invalid object name '%s'.", object_name);
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d90eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+
+static int is_shallow = -1;
+
+int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit_graft *graft =
+		xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_graft));
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+
+	hashcpy(graft->sha1, sha1);
+	graft->nr_parent = -1;
+	if (commit && commit->object.parsed)
+		commit->parents = NULL;
+	return register_commit_graft(graft, 0);
+}
+
+int is_repository_shallow(void)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	if (is_shallow >= 0)
+		return is_shallow;
+
+	fp = fopen(git_path("shallow"), "r");
+	if (!fp) {
+		is_shallow = 0;
+		return is_shallow;
+	}
+	is_shallow = 1;
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buf, sha1))
+			die("bad shallow line: %s", buf);
+		register_shallow(sha1);
+	}
+	fclose(fp);
+	return is_shallow;
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
+		int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag)
+{
+	int i = 0, cur_depth = 0;
+	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
+	struct object_array stack = {0, 0, NULL};
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	while (commit || i < heads->nr || stack.nr) {
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		if (!commit) {
+			if (i < heads->nr) {
+				commit = (struct commit *)
+					deref_tag(heads->objects[i++].item, NULL, 0);
+				if (!commit || commit->object.type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+					commit = NULL;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (!commit->util)
+					commit->util = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+				*(int *)commit->util = 0;
+				cur_depth = 0;
+			} else {
+				commit = (struct commit *)
+					stack.objects[--stack.nr].item;
+				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
+			}
+		}
+		if (parse_commit(commit))
+			die("invalid commit");
+		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
+		cur_depth++;
+		for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
+			if (!p->item->util) {
+				int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+				p->item->util = pointer;
+				*pointer =  cur_depth;
+			} else {
+				int *pointer = p->item->util;
+				if (cur_depth >= *pointer)
+					continue;
+				*pointer = cur_depth;
+			}
+			if (cur_depth < depth) {
+				if (p->next)
+					add_object_array(&p->item->object,
+							NULL, &stack);
+				else {
+					commit = p->item;
+					cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
+				}
+			} else {
+				commit_list_insert(p->item, &result);
+				p->item->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4864e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
+{
+	const char *my_argv[4];
+
+	setup_path();
+	if (!arg || !(arg = sq_dequote(arg)))
+		die("bad argument");
+	if (prefixcmp(me, "git-"))
+		die("bad command");
+
+	my_argv[0] = me + 4;
+	my_argv[1] = arg;
+	my_argv[2] = NULL;
+
+	return execv_git_cmd(my_argv);
+}
+
+static int do_cvs_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
+{
+	const char *cvsserver_argv[3] = {
+		"cvsserver", "server", NULL
+	};
+
+	if (!arg || strcmp(arg, "server"))
+		die("git-cvsserver only handles server: %s", arg);
+
+	setup_path();
+	return execv_git_cmd(cvsserver_argv);
+}
+
+
+static struct commands {
+	const char *name;
+	int (*exec)(const char *me, char *arg);
+} cmd_list[] = {
+	{ "git-receive-pack", do_generic_cmd },
+	{ "git-upload-pack", do_generic_cmd },
+	{ "git-upload-archive", do_generic_cmd },
+	{ "cvs", do_cvs_cmd },
+	{ NULL },
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *prog;
+	struct commands *cmd;
+	int devnull_fd;
+
+	/*
+	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
+	 * in die().  It also avoids not messing up when the pipes are
+	 * dup'ed onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 */
+	devnull_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	while (devnull_fd >= 0 && devnull_fd <= 2)
+		devnull_fd = dup(devnull_fd);
+	if (devnull_fd == -1)
+		die_errno("opening /dev/null failed");
+	close (devnull_fd);
+
+	/*
+	 * Special hack to pretend to be a CVS server
+	 */
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "cvs server"))
+		argv--;
+
+	/*
+	 * We do not accept anything but "-c" followed by "cmd arg",
+	 * where "cmd" is a very limited subset of git commands.
+	 */
+	else if (argc != 3 || strcmp(argv[1], "-c"))
+		die("What do you think I am? A shell?");
+
+	prog = argv[2];
+	if (!strncmp(prog, "git", 3) && isspace(prog[3]))
+		/* Accept "git foo" as if the caller said "git-foo". */
+		prog[3] = '-';
+
+	for (cmd = cmd_list ; cmd->name ; cmd++) {
+		int len = strlen(cmd->name);
+		char *arg;
+		if (strncmp(cmd->name, prog, len))
+			continue;
+		arg = NULL;
+		switch (prog[len]) {
+		case '\0':
+			arg = NULL;
+			break;
+		case ' ':
+			arg = prog + len + 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			continue;
+		}
+		exit(cmd->exec(cmd->name, arg));
+	}
+	die("unrecognized command '%s'", prog);
+}
diff --git a/shortlog.h b/shortlog.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc02cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shortlog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef SHORTLOG_H
+#define SHORTLOG_H
+
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct shortlog {
+	struct string_list list;
+	int summary;
+	int wrap_lines;
+	int sort_by_number;
+	int wrap;
+	int in1;
+	int in2;
+	int user_format;
+
+	char *common_repo_prefix;
+	int email;
+	struct string_list mailmap;
+};
+
+void shortlog_init(struct shortlog *log);
+
+void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit);
+
+void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/show-index.c b/show-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c0ac13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/show-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+
+static const char show_index_usage[] =
+"git show-index < <packed archive index>";
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned nr;
+	unsigned int version;
+	static unsigned int top_index[256];
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage(show_index_usage);
+	if (fread(top_index, 2 * 4, 1, stdin) != 1)
+		die("unable to read header");
+	if (top_index[0] == htonl(PACK_IDX_SIGNATURE)) {
+		version = ntohl(top_index[1]);
+		if (version < 2 || version > 2)
+			die("unknown index version");
+		if (fread(top_index, 256 * 4, 1, stdin) != 1)
+			die("unable to read index");
+	} else {
+		version = 1;
+		if (fread(&top_index[2], 254 * 4, 1, stdin) != 1)
+			die("unable to read index");
+	}
+	nr = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		unsigned n = ntohl(top_index[i]);
+		if (n < nr)
+			die("corrupt index file");
+		nr = n;
+	}
+	if (version == 1) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+			unsigned int offset, entry[6];
+
+			if (fread(entry, 4 + 20, 1, stdin) != 1)
+				die("unable to read entry %u/%u", i, nr);
+			offset = ntohl(entry[0]);
+			printf("%u %s\n", offset, sha1_to_hex((void *)(entry+1)));
+		}
+	} else {
+		unsigned off64_nr = 0;
+		struct {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			uint32_t crc;
+			uint32_t off;
+		} *entries = malloc(nr * sizeof(entries[0]));
+		for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+			if (fread(entries[i].sha1, 20, 1, stdin) != 1)
+				die("unable to read sha1 %u/%u", i, nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+			if (fread(&entries[i].crc, 4, 1, stdin) != 1)
+				die("unable to read crc %u/%u", i, nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+			if (fread(&entries[i].off, 4, 1, stdin) != 1)
+				die("unable to read 32b offset %u/%u", i, nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+			uint64_t offset;
+			uint32_t off = ntohl(entries[i].off);
+			if (!(off & 0x80000000)) {
+				offset = off;
+			} else {
+				uint32_t off64[2];
+				if ((off & 0x7fffffff) != off64_nr)
+					die("inconsistent 64b offset index");
+				if (fread(off64, 8, 1, stdin) != 1)
+					die("unable to read 64b offset %u", off64_nr);
+				offset = (((uint64_t)ntohl(off64[0])) << 32) |
+						     ntohl(off64[1]);
+				off64_nr++;
+			}
+			printf("%" PRIuMAX " %s (%08"PRIx32")\n",
+			       (uintmax_t) offset,
+			       sha1_to_hex(entries[i].sha1),
+			       ntohl(entries[i].crc));
+		}
+		free(entries);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5ffa1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+
+/*
+ * Receive multiplexed output stream over git native protocol.
+ * in_stream is the input stream from the remote, which carries data
+ * in pkt_line format with band designator.  Demultiplex it into out
+ * and err and return error appropriately.  Band #1 carries the
+ * primary payload.  Things coming over band #2 is not necessarily
+ * error; they are usually informative message on the standard error
+ * stream, aka "verbose").  A message over band #3 is a signal that
+ * the remote died unexpectedly.  A flush() concludes the stream.
+ */
+
+#define PREFIX "remote:"
+
+#define ANSI_SUFFIX "\033[K"
+#define DUMB_SUFFIX "        "
+
+#define FIX_SIZE 10  /* large enough for any of the above */
+
+int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
+{
+	unsigned pf = strlen(PREFIX);
+	unsigned sf;
+	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX + 2*FIX_SIZE];
+	char *suffix, *term;
+	int skip_pf = 0;
+
+	memcpy(buf, PREFIX, pf);
+	term = getenv("TERM");
+	if (term && strcmp(term, "dumb"))
+		suffix = ANSI_SUFFIX;
+	else
+		suffix = DUMB_SUFFIX;
+	sf = strlen(suffix);
+
+	while (1) {
+		int band, len;
+		len = packet_read_line(in_stream, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		if (len == 0)
+			break;
+		if (len < 1) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: no band designator\n", me);
+			return SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+		}
+		band = buf[pf] & 0xff;
+		len--;
+		switch (band) {
+		case 3:
+			buf[pf] = ' ';
+			buf[pf+1+len] = '\0';
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
+			return SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR;
+		case 2:
+			buf[pf] = ' ';
+			do {
+				char *b = buf;
+				int brk = 0;
+
+				/*
+				 * If the last buffer didn't end with a line
+				 * break then we should not print a prefix
+				 * this time around.
+				 */
+				if (skip_pf) {
+					b += pf+1;
+				} else {
+					len += pf+1;
+					brk += pf+1;
+				}
+
+				/* Look for a line break. */
+				for (;;) {
+					brk++;
+					if (brk > len) {
+						brk = 0;
+						break;
+					}
+					if (b[brk-1] == '\n' ||
+					    b[brk-1] == '\r')
+						break;
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * Let's insert a suffix to clear the end
+				 * of the screen line if a line break was
+				 * found.  Also, if we don't skip the
+				 * prefix, then a non-empty string must be
+				 * present too.
+				 */
+				if (brk > (skip_pf ? 0 : (pf+1 + 1))) {
+					char save[FIX_SIZE];
+					memcpy(save, b + brk, sf);
+					b[brk + sf - 1] = b[brk - 1];
+					memcpy(b + brk - 1, suffix, sf);
+					fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", brk + sf, b);
+					memcpy(b + brk, save, sf);
+					len -= brk;
+				} else {
+					int l = brk ? brk : len;
+					fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", l, b);
+					len -= l;
+				}
+
+				skip_pf = !brk;
+				memmove(buf + pf+1, b + brk, len);
+			} while (len);
+			continue;
+		case 1:
+			safe_write(out, buf + pf+1, len);
+			continue;
+		default:
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: bad band #%d\n",
+				me, band);
+			return SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fd is connected to the remote side; send the sideband data
+ * over multiplexed packet stream.
+ */
+ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max)
+{
+	ssize_t ssz = sz;
+	const char *p = data;
+
+	while (sz) {
+		unsigned n;
+		char hdr[5];
+
+		n = sz;
+		if (packet_max - 5 < n)
+			n = packet_max - 5;
+		if (0 <= band) {
+			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 5);
+			hdr[4] = band;
+			safe_write(fd, hdr, 5);
+		} else {
+			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 4);
+			safe_write(fd, hdr, 4);
+		}
+		safe_write(fd, p, n);
+		p += n;
+		sz -= n;
+	}
+	return ssz;
+}
diff --git a/sideband.h b/sideband.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d72db35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sideband.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef SIDEBAND_H
+#define SIDEBAND_H
+
+#define SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR -2
+#define SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR -1
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
+#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
+
+int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out);
+ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/sigchain.c b/sigchain.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1118b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sigchain.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+
+#define SIGCHAIN_MAX_SIGNALS 32
+
+struct sigchain_signal {
+	sigchain_fun *old;
+	int n;
+	int alloc;
+};
+static struct sigchain_signal signals[SIGCHAIN_MAX_SIGNALS];
+
+static void check_signum(int sig)
+{
+	if (sig < 1 || sig >= SIGCHAIN_MAX_SIGNALS)
+		die("BUG: signal out of range: %d", sig);
+}
+
+int sigchain_push(int sig, sigchain_fun f)
+{
+	struct sigchain_signal *s = signals + sig;
+	check_signum(sig);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(s->old, s->n + 1, s->alloc);
+	s->old[s->n] = signal(sig, f);
+	if (s->old[s->n] == SIG_ERR)
+		return -1;
+	s->n++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int sigchain_pop(int sig)
+{
+	struct sigchain_signal *s = signals + sig;
+	check_signum(sig);
+	if (s->n < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (signal(sig, s->old[s->n - 1]) == SIG_ERR)
+		return -1;
+	s->n--;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void sigchain_push_common(sigchain_fun f)
+{
+	sigchain_push(SIGINT, f);
+	sigchain_push(SIGHUP, f);
+	sigchain_push(SIGTERM, f);
+	sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, f);
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, f);
+}
diff --git a/sigchain.h b/sigchain.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..618083b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sigchain.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#ifndef SIGCHAIN_H
+#define SIGCHAIN_H
+
+typedef void (*sigchain_fun)(int);
+
+int sigchain_push(int sig, sigchain_fun f);
+int sigchain_pop(int sig);
+
+void sigchain_push_common(sigchain_fun f);
+
+#endif /* SIGCHAIN_H */
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc3a080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix)
+{
+	for (; ; str++, prefix++)
+		if (!*prefix)
+			return 0;
+		else if (*str != *prefix)
+			return (unsigned char)*prefix - (unsigned char)*str;
+}
+
+int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix)
+{
+	int len = strlen(str), suflen = strlen(suffix);
+	if (len < suflen)
+		return -1;
+	else
+		return strcmp(str + len - suflen, suffix);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used as the default ->buf value, so that people can always assume
+ * buf is non NULL and ->buf is NUL terminated even for a freshly
+ * initialized strbuf.
+ */
+char strbuf_slopbuf[1];
+
+void strbuf_init(struct strbuf *sb, size_t hint)
+{
+	sb->alloc = sb->len = 0;
+	sb->buf = strbuf_slopbuf;
+	if (hint)
+		strbuf_grow(sb, hint);
+}
+
+void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (sb->alloc) {
+		free(sb->buf);
+		strbuf_init(sb, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb, size_t *sz)
+{
+	char *res = sb->alloc ? sb->buf : NULL;
+	if (sz)
+		*sz = sb->len;
+	strbuf_init(sb, 0);
+	return res;
+}
+
+void strbuf_attach(struct strbuf *sb, void *buf, size_t len, size_t alloc)
+{
+	strbuf_release(sb);
+	sb->buf   = buf;
+	sb->len   = len;
+	sb->alloc = alloc;
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+
+void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *sb, size_t extra)
+{
+	if (sb->len + extra + 1 <= sb->len)
+		die("you want to use way too much memory");
+	if (!sb->alloc)
+		sb->buf = NULL;
+	ALLOC_GROW(sb->buf, sb->len + extra + 1, sb->alloc);
+}
+
+void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char *b = sb->buf;
+	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace((unsigned char)sb->buf[sb->len - 1]))
+		sb->len--;
+	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace(*b)) {
+		b++;
+		sb->len--;
+	}
+	memmove(sb->buf, b, sb->len);
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace((unsigned char)sb->buf[sb->len - 1]))
+		sb->len--;
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+
+void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char *b = sb->buf;
+	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace(*b)) {
+		b++;
+		sb->len--;
+	}
+	memmove(sb->buf, b, sb->len);
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+
+struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb, int delim)
+{
+	int alloc = 2, pos = 0;
+	char *n, *p;
+	struct strbuf **ret;
+	struct strbuf *t;
+
+	ret = xcalloc(alloc, sizeof(struct strbuf *));
+	p = n = sb->buf;
+	while (n < sb->buf + sb->len) {
+		int len;
+		n = memchr(n, delim, sb->len - (n - sb->buf));
+		if (pos + 1 >= alloc) {
+			alloc = alloc * 2;
+			ret = xrealloc(ret, sizeof(struct strbuf *) * alloc);
+		}
+		if (!n)
+			n = sb->buf + sb->len - 1;
+		len = n - p + 1;
+		t = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
+		strbuf_init(t, len);
+		strbuf_add(t, p, len);
+		ret[pos] = t;
+		ret[++pos] = NULL;
+		p = ++n;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **sbs)
+{
+	struct strbuf **s = sbs;
+
+	while (*s) {
+		strbuf_release(*s);
+		free(*s++);
+	}
+	free(sbs);
+}
+
+int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf *a, const struct strbuf *b)
+{
+	int len = a->len < b->len ? a->len: b->len;
+	int cmp = memcmp(a->buf, b->buf, len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	return a->len < b->len ? -1: a->len != b->len;
+}
+
+void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len,
+				   const void *data, size_t dlen)
+{
+	if (pos + len < pos)
+		die("you want to use way too much memory");
+	if (pos > sb->len)
+		die("`pos' is too far after the end of the buffer");
+	if (pos + len > sb->len)
+		die("`pos + len' is too far after the end of the buffer");
+
+	if (dlen >= len)
+		strbuf_grow(sb, dlen - len);
+	memmove(sb->buf + pos + dlen,
+			sb->buf + pos + len,
+			sb->len - pos - len);
+	memcpy(sb->buf + pos, data, dlen);
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + dlen - len);
+}
+
+void strbuf_insert(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	strbuf_splice(sb, pos, 0, data, len);
+}
+
+void strbuf_remove(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len)
+{
+	strbuf_splice(sb, pos, len, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *sb, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
+	memcpy(sb->buf + sb->len, data, len);
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + len);
+}
+
+void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len)
+{
+	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
+	memcpy(sb->buf + sb->len, sb->buf + pos, len);
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + len);
+}
+
+void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int len;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	if (!strbuf_avail(sb))
+		strbuf_grow(sb, 64);
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (len < 0)
+		die("your vsnprintf is broken");
+	if (len > strbuf_avail(sb)) {
+		strbuf_grow(sb, len);
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		len = vsnprintf(sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len, fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+		if (len > strbuf_avail(sb)) {
+			die("this should not happen, your snprintf is broken");
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + len);
+}
+
+void strbuf_expand(struct strbuf *sb, const char *format, expand_fn_t fn,
+		   void *context)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *percent;
+		size_t consumed;
+
+		percent = strchrnul(format, '%');
+		strbuf_add(sb, format, percent - format);
+		if (!*percent)
+			break;
+		format = percent + 1;
+
+		if (*format == '%') {
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '%');
+			format++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		consumed = fn(sb, format, context);
+		if (consumed)
+			format += consumed;
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '%');
+	}
+}
+
+size_t strbuf_expand_dict_cb(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+		void *context)
+{
+	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry *e = context;
+	size_t len;
+
+	for (; e->placeholder && (len = strlen(e->placeholder)); e++) {
+		if (!strncmp(placeholder, e->placeholder, len)) {
+			if (e->value)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, e->value);
+			return len;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(struct strbuf *dst, const struct strbuf *src)
+{
+	int i, len = src->len;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (src->buf[i] == '%')
+			strbuf_addch(dst, '%');
+		strbuf_addch(dst, src->buf[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+size_t strbuf_fread(struct strbuf *sb, size_t size, FILE *f)
+{
+	size_t res;
+	size_t oldalloc = sb->alloc;
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, size);
+	res = fread(sb->buf + sb->len, 1, size, f);
+	if (res > 0)
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + res);
+	else if (oldalloc == 0)
+		strbuf_release(sb);
+	return res;
+}
+
+ssize_t strbuf_read(struct strbuf *sb, int fd, size_t hint)
+{
+	size_t oldlen = sb->len;
+	size_t oldalloc = sb->alloc;
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, hint ? hint : 8192);
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t cnt;
+
+		cnt = xread(fd, sb->buf + sb->len, sb->alloc - sb->len - 1);
+		if (cnt < 0) {
+			if (oldalloc == 0)
+				strbuf_release(sb);
+			else
+				strbuf_setlen(sb, oldlen);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!cnt)
+			break;
+		sb->len += cnt;
+		strbuf_grow(sb, 8192);
+	}
+
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+	return sb->len - oldlen;
+}
+
+#define STRBUF_MAXLINK (2*PATH_MAX)
+
+int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
+{
+	size_t oldalloc = sb->alloc;
+
+	if (hint < 32)
+		hint = 32;
+
+	while (hint < STRBUF_MAXLINK) {
+		int len;
+
+		strbuf_grow(sb, hint);
+		len = readlink(path, sb->buf, hint);
+		if (len < 0) {
+			if (errno != ERANGE)
+				break;
+		} else if (len < hint) {
+			strbuf_setlen(sb, len);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		/* .. the buffer was too small - try again */
+		hint *= 2;
+	}
+	if (oldalloc == 0)
+		strbuf_release(sb);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
+{
+	int ch;
+
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	if (feof(fp))
+		return EOF;
+
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+	while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
+		strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
+		sb->buf[sb->len++] = ch;
+		if (ch == term)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (ch == EOF && sb->len == 0)
+		return EOF;
+
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
+{
+	if (strbuf_getwholeline(sb, fp, term))
+		return EOF;
+	if (sb->buf[sb->len-1] == term)
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len-1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
+{
+	int fd, len;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+	len = strbuf_read(sb, fd, hint);
+	close(fd);
+	if (len < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
+{
+	int len = strlen(name);
+	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+		return 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
+{
+	strbuf_branchname(sb, name);
+	strbuf_splice(sb, 0, 0, "refs/heads/", 11);
+	return check_ref_format(sb->buf);
+}
diff --git a/strbuf.h b/strbuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fac2dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/strbuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#ifndef STRBUF_H
+#define STRBUF_H
+
+/*
+ * Strbuf's can be use in many ways: as a byte array, or to store arbitrary
+ * long, overflow safe strings.
+ *
+ * Strbufs has some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
+ *
+ * 1. the ->buf member is always malloc-ed, hence strbuf's can be used to
+ *    build complex strings/buffers whose final size isn't easily known.
+ *
+ *    It is NOT legal to copy the ->buf pointer away.
+ *    `strbuf_detach' is the operation that detaches a buffer from its shell
+ *    while keeping the shell valid wrt its invariants.
+ *
+ * 2. the ->buf member is a byte array that has at least ->len + 1 bytes
+ *    allocated. The extra byte is used to store a '\0', allowing the ->buf
+ *    member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
+ *    invariant is preserved.
+ *
+ *    Note that it is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it
+ *    that way:
+ *
+ *    strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE);
+ *       ... Here, the memory array starting at sb->buf, and of length
+ *       ... strbuf_avail(sb) is all yours, and you are sure that
+ *       ... strbuf_avail(sb) is at least SOME_SIZE.
+ *    strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
+ *
+ *    Of course, SOME_OTHER_SIZE must be smaller or equal to strbuf_avail(sb).
+ *
+ *    Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
+ *    missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
+ *
+ *    XXX: do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size ->alloc - 1
+ *         even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
+ *         "private" member that should not be messed with.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+extern char strbuf_slopbuf[];
+struct strbuf {
+	size_t alloc;
+	size_t len;
+	char *buf;
+};
+
+#define STRBUF_INIT  { 0, 0, strbuf_slopbuf }
+
+/*----- strbuf life cycle -----*/
+extern void strbuf_init(struct strbuf *, size_t);
+extern void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *);
+extern char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *, size_t *);
+extern void strbuf_attach(struct strbuf *, void *, size_t, size_t);
+static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf *a, struct strbuf *b) {
+	struct strbuf tmp = *a;
+	*a = *b;
+	*b = tmp;
+}
+
+/*----- strbuf size related -----*/
+static inline size_t strbuf_avail(const struct strbuf *sb) {
+	return sb->alloc ? sb->alloc - sb->len - 1 : 0;
+}
+
+extern void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *, size_t);
+
+static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf *sb, size_t len) {
+	if (!sb->alloc)
+		strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	assert(len < sb->alloc);
+	sb->len = len;
+	sb->buf[len] = '\0';
+}
+#define strbuf_reset(sb)  strbuf_setlen(sb, 0)
+
+/*----- content related -----*/
+extern void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf *);
+extern void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *);
+extern void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *);
+extern int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf *, const struct strbuf *);
+
+extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *, int delim);
+extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
+
+/*----- add data in your buffer -----*/
+static inline void strbuf_addch(struct strbuf *sb, int c) {
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
+	sb->buf[sb->len++] = c;
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+
+extern void strbuf_insert(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, const void *, size_t);
+extern void strbuf_remove(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len);
+
+/* splice pos..pos+len with given data */
+extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len,
+                          const void *, size_t);
+
+extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *, const void *, size_t);
+static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s) {
+	strbuf_add(sb, s, strlen(s));
+}
+static inline void strbuf_addbuf(struct strbuf *sb, const struct strbuf *sb2) {
+	strbuf_grow(sb, sb2->len);
+	strbuf_add(sb, sb2->buf, sb2->len);
+}
+extern void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len);
+
+typedef size_t (*expand_fn_t) (struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *context);
+extern void strbuf_expand(struct strbuf *sb, const char *format, expand_fn_t fn, void *context);
+struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry {
+	const char *placeholder;
+	const char *value;
+};
+extern size_t strbuf_expand_dict_cb(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *context);
+extern void strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(struct strbuf *dst, const struct strbuf *src);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
+extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+extern size_t strbuf_fread(struct strbuf *, size_t, FILE *);
+/* XXX: if read fails, any partial read is undone */
+extern ssize_t strbuf_read(struct strbuf *, int fd, size_t hint);
+extern int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
+extern int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
+
+extern int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
+extern int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
+
+extern void stripspace(struct strbuf *buf, int skip_comments);
+extern int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *env);
+
+extern int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
+extern int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
+
+#endif /* STRBUF_H */
diff --git a/string-list.c b/string-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ac536e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/string-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/* if there is no exact match, point to the index where the entry could be
+ * inserted */
+static int get_entry_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		int *exact_match)
+{
+	int left = -1, right = list->nr;
+
+	while (left + 1 < right) {
+		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
+		int compare = strcmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
+		if (compare < 0)
+			right = middle;
+		else if (compare > 0)
+			left = middle;
+		else {
+			*exact_match = 1;
+			return middle;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*exact_match = 0;
+	return right;
+}
+
+/* returns -1-index if already exists */
+static int add_entry(int insert_at, struct string_list *list, const char *string)
+{
+	int exact_match = 0;
+	int index = insert_at != -1 ? insert_at : get_entry_index(list, string, &exact_match);
+
+	if (exact_match)
+		return -1 - index;
+
+	if (list->nr + 1 >= list->alloc) {
+		list->alloc += 32;
+		list->items = xrealloc(list->items, list->alloc
+				* sizeof(struct string_list_item));
+	}
+	if (index < list->nr)
+		memmove(list->items + index + 1, list->items + index,
+				(list->nr - index)
+				* sizeof(struct string_list_item));
+	list->items[index].string = list->strdup_strings ?
+		xstrdup(string) : (char *)string;
+	list->items[index].util = NULL;
+	list->nr++;
+
+	return index;
+}
+
+struct string_list_item *string_list_insert(const char *string, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	return string_list_insert_at_index(-1, string, list);
+}
+
+struct string_list_item *string_list_insert_at_index(int insert_at,
+						     const char *string, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int index = add_entry(insert_at, list, string);
+
+	if (index < 0)
+		index = -1 - index;
+
+	return list->items + index;
+}
+
+int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string)
+{
+	int exact_match;
+	get_entry_index(list, string, &exact_match);
+	return exact_match;
+}
+
+int string_list_find_insert_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+				  int negative_existing_index)
+{
+	int exact_match;
+	int index = get_entry_index(list, string, &exact_match);
+	if (exact_match)
+		index = -1 - (negative_existing_index ? index : 0);
+	return index;
+}
+
+struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(const char *string, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int exact_match, i = get_entry_index(list, string, &exact_match);
+	if (!exact_match)
+		return NULL;
+	return list->items + i;
+}
+
+int for_each_string_list(string_list_each_func_t fn,
+			 struct string_list *list, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int i, ret = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		if ((ret = fn(&list->items[i], cb_data)))
+			break;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
+{
+	if (list->items) {
+		int i;
+		if (list->strdup_strings) {
+			for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+				free(list->items[i].string);
+		}
+		if (free_util) {
+			for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+				free(list->items[i].util);
+		}
+		free(list->items);
+	}
+	list->items = NULL;
+	list->nr = list->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+void string_list_clear_func(struct string_list *list, string_list_clear_func_t clearfunc)
+{
+	if (list->items) {
+		int i;
+		if (clearfunc) {
+			for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+				clearfunc(list->items[i].util, list->items[i].string);
+		}
+		if (list->strdup_strings) {
+			for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+				free(list->items[i].string);
+		}
+		free(list->items);
+	}
+	list->items = NULL;
+	list->nr = list->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+
+void print_string_list(const char *text, const struct string_list *p)
+{
+	int i;
+	if ( text )
+		printf("%s\n", text);
+	for (i = 0; i < p->nr; i++)
+		printf("%s:%p\n", p->items[i].string, p->items[i].util);
+}
+
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append(const char *string, struct string_list *list)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(list->items, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
+	list->items[list->nr].string =
+		list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string;
+	return list->items + list->nr++;
+}
+
+static int cmp_items(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *one = a;
+	const struct string_list_item *two = b;
+	return strcmp(one->string, two->string);
+}
+
+void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	qsort(list->items, list->nr, sizeof(*list->items), cmp_items);
+}
+
+int unsorted_string_list_has_string(struct string_list *list, const char *string)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(string, list->items[i].string))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6569cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef STRING_LIST_H
+#define STRING_LIST_H
+
+struct string_list_item {
+	char *string;
+	void *util;
+};
+struct string_list
+{
+	struct string_list_item *items;
+	unsigned int nr, alloc;
+	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
+};
+
+void print_string_list(const char *text, const struct string_list *p);
+void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
+
+/* Use this function to call a custom clear function on each util pointer */
+/* The string associated with the util pointer is passed as the second argument */
+typedef void (*string_list_clear_func_t)(void *p, const char *str);
+void string_list_clear_func(struct string_list *list, string_list_clear_func_t clearfunc);
+
+/* Use this function to iterate over each item */
+typedef int (*string_list_each_func_t)(struct string_list_item *, void *);
+int for_each_string_list(string_list_each_func_t,
+			 struct string_list *list, void *cb_data);
+
+/* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
+int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
+int string_list_find_insert_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+				  int negative_existing_index);
+struct string_list_item *string_list_insert(const char *string, struct string_list *list);
+struct string_list_item *string_list_insert_at_index(int insert_at,
+						     const char *string, struct string_list *list);
+struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(const char *string, struct string_list *list);
+
+/* Use these functions only on unsorted lists: */
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append(const char *string, struct string_list *list);
+void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list);
+int unsorted_string_list_has_string(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
+
+#endif /* STRING_LIST_H */
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d70c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf objects_directory = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&objects_directory, "%s/.git/objects/", path);
+	if (!is_directory(objects_directory.buf)) {
+		ret = -1;
+		goto done;
+	}
+	/* avoid adding it twice */
+	for (alt_odb = alt_odb_list; alt_odb; alt_odb = alt_odb->next)
+		if (alt_odb->name - alt_odb->base == objects_directory.len &&
+				!strncmp(alt_odb->base, objects_directory.buf,
+					objects_directory.len))
+			goto done;
+
+	alt_odb = xmalloc(objects_directory.len + 42 + sizeof(*alt_odb));
+	alt_odb->next = alt_odb_list;
+	strcpy(alt_odb->base, objects_directory.buf);
+	alt_odb->name = alt_odb->base + objects_directory.len;
+	alt_odb->name[2] = '/';
+	alt_odb->name[40] = '\0';
+	alt_odb->name[41] = '\0';
+	alt_odb_list = alt_odb;
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&objects_directory);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
+		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct commit *commit, *left = left, *right = right;
+	struct commit_list *merge_bases, *list;
+	const char *message = NULL;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static const char *format = "  %m %s";
+	int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(two))
+		message = "(submodule deleted)";
+	else if (add_submodule_odb(path))
+		message = "(not checked out)";
+	else if (is_null_sha1(one))
+		message = "(new submodule)";
+	else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
+		 !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
+		message = "(commits not present)";
+
+	if (!message) {
+		init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+		setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+		rev.left_right = 1;
+		rev.first_parent_only = 1;
+		left->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
+		add_pending_object(&rev, &left->object, path);
+		add_pending_object(&rev, &right->object, path);
+		merge_bases = get_merge_bases(left, right, 1);
+		if (merge_bases) {
+			if (merge_bases->item == left)
+				fast_forward = 1;
+			else if (merge_bases->item == right)
+				fast_backward = 1;
+		}
+		for (list = merge_bases; list; list = list->next) {
+			list->item->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			add_pending_object(&rev, &list->item->object,
+				sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
+		}
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+			message = "(revision walker failed)";
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s %s..", path,
+			find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
+		strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", find_unique_abbrev(two, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (dirty_submodule)
+		strbuf_add(&sb, "-dirty", 6);
+	if (message)
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s\n", message);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "");
+	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
+
+	if (!message) {
+		while ((commit = get_revision(&rev))) {
+			struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+			ctx.date_mode = rev.date_mode;
+			strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+			if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
+				if (del)
+					strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
+			}
+			else if (add)
+				strbuf_addstr(&sb, add);
+			format_commit_message(commit, format, &sb, &ctx);
+			if (reset)
+				strbuf_addstr(&sb, reset);
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+			fprintf(f, "%s", sb.buf);
+		}
+		clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+		clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+int is_submodule_modified(const char *path)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct child_process cp;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"status",
+		"--porcelain",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	char *env[4];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git/", path);
+	if (!is_directory(buf.buf)) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		/* The submodule is not checked out, so it is not modified */
+		return 0;
+
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s", path);
+	env[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_DIR=%s/.git", path);
+	env[1] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_INDEX_FILE");
+	env[2] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	env[3] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = (const char *const *)env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.out = -1;
+	if (start_command(&cp))
+		die("Could not run git status --porcelain");
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
+	close(cp.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cp))
+		die("git status --porcelain failed");
+
+	free(env[0]);
+	free(env[1]);
+	free(env[2]);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return len != 0;
+}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2336965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef SUBMODULE_H
+#define SUBMODULE_H
+
+void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
+		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
+int is_submodule_modified(const char *path);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/symlinks.c b/symlinks.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8860120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/symlinks.c
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+/*
+ * Returns the length (on a path component basis) of the longest
+ * common prefix match of 'name_a' and 'name_b'.
+ */
+static int longest_path_match(const char *name_a, int len_a,
+			      const char *name_b, int len_b,
+			      int *previous_slash)
+{
+	int max_len, match_len = 0, match_len_prev = 0, i = 0;
+
+	max_len = len_a < len_b ? len_a : len_b;
+	while (i < max_len && name_a[i] == name_b[i]) {
+		if (name_a[i] == '/') {
+			match_len_prev = match_len;
+			match_len = i;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Is 'name_b' a substring of 'name_a', the other way around,
+	 * or is 'name_a' and 'name_b' the exact same string?
+	 */
+	if (i >= max_len && ((len_a > len_b && name_a[len_b] == '/') ||
+			     (len_a < len_b && name_b[len_a] == '/') ||
+			     (len_a == len_b))) {
+		match_len_prev = match_len;
+		match_len = i;
+	}
+	*previous_slash = match_len_prev;
+	return match_len;
+}
+
+static struct cache_def default_cache;
+
+static inline void reset_lstat_cache(struct cache_def *cache)
+{
+	cache->path[0] = '\0';
+	cache->len = 0;
+	cache->flags = 0;
+	/*
+	 * The track_flags and prefix_len_stat_func members is only
+	 * set by the safeguard rule inside lstat_cache()
+	 */
+}
+
+#define FL_DIR      (1 << 0)
+#define FL_NOENT    (1 << 1)
+#define FL_SYMLINK  (1 << 2)
+#define FL_LSTATERR (1 << 3)
+#define FL_ERR      (1 << 4)
+#define FL_FULLPATH (1 << 5)
+
+/*
+ * Check if name 'name' of length 'len' has a symlink leading
+ * component, or if the directory exists and is real, or not.
+ *
+ * To speed up the check, some information is allowed to be cached.
+ * This can be indicated by the 'track_flags' argument, which also can
+ * be used to indicate that we should check the full path.
+ *
+ * The 'prefix_len_stat_func' parameter can be used to set the length
+ * of the prefix, where the cache should use the stat() function
+ * instead of the lstat() function to test each path component.
+ */
+static int lstat_cache(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len,
+		       int track_flags, int prefix_len_stat_func)
+{
+	int match_len, last_slash, last_slash_dir, previous_slash;
+	int match_flags, ret_flags, save_flags, max_len, ret;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (cache->track_flags != track_flags ||
+	    cache->prefix_len_stat_func != prefix_len_stat_func) {
+		/*
+		 * As a safeguard rule we clear the cache if the
+		 * values of track_flags and/or prefix_len_stat_func
+		 * does not match with the last supplied values.
+		 */
+		reset_lstat_cache(cache);
+		cache->track_flags = track_flags;
+		cache->prefix_len_stat_func = prefix_len_stat_func;
+		match_len = last_slash = 0;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Check to see if we have a match from the cache for
+		 * the 2 "excluding" path types.
+		 */
+		match_len = last_slash =
+			longest_path_match(name, len, cache->path, cache->len,
+					   &previous_slash);
+		match_flags = cache->flags & track_flags & (FL_NOENT|FL_SYMLINK);
+
+		if (!(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH) && match_len == len)
+			match_len = last_slash = previous_slash;
+
+		if (match_flags && match_len == cache->len)
+			return match_flags;
+		/*
+		 * If we now have match_len > 0, we would know that
+		 * the matched part will always be a directory.
+		 *
+		 * Also, if we are tracking directories and 'name' is
+		 * a substring of the cache on a path component basis,
+		 * we can return immediately.
+		 */
+		match_flags = track_flags & FL_DIR;
+		if (match_flags && len == match_len)
+			return match_flags;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Okay, no match from the cache so far, so now we have to
+	 * check the rest of the path components.
+	 */
+	ret_flags = FL_DIR;
+	last_slash_dir = last_slash;
+	max_len = len < PATH_MAX ? len : PATH_MAX;
+	while (match_len < max_len) {
+		do {
+			cache->path[match_len] = name[match_len];
+			match_len++;
+		} while (match_len < max_len && name[match_len] != '/');
+		if (match_len >= max_len && !(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH))
+			break;
+		last_slash = match_len;
+		cache->path[last_slash] = '\0';
+
+		if (last_slash <= prefix_len_stat_func)
+			ret = stat(cache->path, &st);
+		else
+			ret = lstat(cache->path, &st);
+
+		if (ret) {
+			ret_flags = FL_LSTATERR;
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				ret_flags |= FL_NOENT;
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			last_slash_dir = last_slash;
+			continue;
+		} else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			ret_flags = FL_SYMLINK;
+		} else {
+			ret_flags = FL_ERR;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At the end update the cache.  Note that max 3 different
+	 * path types, FL_NOENT, FL_SYMLINK and FL_DIR, can be cached
+	 * for the moment!
+	 */
+	save_flags = ret_flags & track_flags & (FL_NOENT|FL_SYMLINK);
+	if (save_flags && last_slash > 0 && last_slash <= PATH_MAX) {
+		cache->path[last_slash] = '\0';
+		cache->len = last_slash;
+		cache->flags = save_flags;
+	} else if ((track_flags & FL_DIR) &&
+		   last_slash_dir > 0 && last_slash_dir <= PATH_MAX) {
+		/*
+		 * We have a separate test for the directory case,
+		 * since it could be that we have found a symlink or a
+		 * non-existing directory and the track_flags says
+		 * that we cannot cache this fact, so the cache would
+		 * then have been left empty in this case.
+		 *
+		 * But if we are allowed to track real directories, we
+		 * can still cache the path components before the last
+		 * one (the found symlink or non-existing component).
+		 */
+		cache->path[last_slash_dir] = '\0';
+		cache->len = last_slash_dir;
+		cache->flags = FL_DIR;
+	} else {
+		reset_lstat_cache(cache);
+	}
+	return ret_flags;
+}
+
+#define USE_ONLY_LSTAT  0
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if path 'name' has a leading symlink component
+ */
+int threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len)
+{
+	return lstat_cache(cache, name, len, FL_SYMLINK|FL_DIR, USE_ONLY_LSTAT) & FL_SYMLINK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if path 'name' has a leading symlink component
+ */
+int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	return threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(&default_cache, name, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if path 'name' has a leading symlink component or
+ * if some leading path component does not exists.
+ */
+int has_symlink_or_noent_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	struct cache_def *cache = &default_cache;	/* FIXME */
+	return lstat_cache(cache, name, len,
+			   FL_SYMLINK|FL_NOENT|FL_DIR, USE_ONLY_LSTAT) &
+		(FL_SYMLINK|FL_NOENT);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if all path components of 'name' exists as a
+ * directory.  If prefix_len > 0, we will test with the stat()
+ * function instead of the lstat() function for a prefix length of
+ * 'prefix_len', thus we then allow for symlinks in the prefix part as
+ * long as those points to real existing directories.
+ */
+int has_dirs_only_path(const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
+{
+	struct cache_def *cache = &default_cache;	/* FIXME */
+	return lstat_cache(cache, name, len,
+			   FL_DIR|FL_FULLPATH, prefix_len) &
+		FL_DIR;
+}
+
+static struct removal_def {
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	int len;
+} removal;
+
+static void do_remove_scheduled_dirs(int new_len)
+{
+	while (removal.len > new_len) {
+		removal.path[removal.len] = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(removal.path))
+			break;
+		do {
+			removal.len--;
+		} while (removal.len > new_len &&
+			 removal.path[removal.len] != '/');
+	}
+	removal.len = new_len;
+}
+
+void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len)
+{
+	int match_len, last_slash, i, previous_slash;
+
+	match_len = last_slash = i =
+		longest_path_match(name, len, removal.path, removal.len,
+				   &previous_slash);
+	/* Find last slash inside 'name' */
+	while (i < len) {
+		if (name[i] == '/')
+			last_slash = i;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are about to go down the directory tree, we check if
+	 * we must first go upwards the tree, such that we then can
+	 * remove possible empty directories as we go upwards.
+	 */
+	if (match_len < last_slash && match_len < removal.len)
+		do_remove_scheduled_dirs(match_len);
+	/*
+	 * If we go deeper down the directory tree, we only need to
+	 * save the new path components as we go down.
+	 */
+	if (match_len < last_slash) {
+		memcpy(&removal.path[match_len], &name[match_len],
+		       last_slash - match_len);
+		removal.len = last_slash;
+	}
+}
+
+void remove_scheduled_dirs(void)
+{
+	do_remove_scheduled_dirs(0);
+}
diff --git a/t/.gitattributes b/t/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b97c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]/* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/.gitignore b/t/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dcbb23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/trash directory*
+/test-results
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd09390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Run tests
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+-include ../config.mak
+
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
+TAR ?= $(TAR)
+RM ?= rm -f
+
+# Shell quote;
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+TSVN = $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+
+all: pre-clean
+	$(MAKE) aggregate-results-and-cleanup
+
+$(T):
+	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+
+pre-clean:
+	$(RM) -r test-results
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* test-results
+
+aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
+	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
+	$(MAKE) clean
+
+aggregate-results:
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./aggregate-results.sh test-results/t*-*
+
+# we can test NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS independently of LC_ALL
+full-svn-test:
+	$(MAKE) $(TSVN) GIT_SVN_NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS=1 LC_ALL=C
+	$(MAKE) $(TSVN) GIT_SVN_NO_OPTIMIZE_COMMITS=0 LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+
+valgrind:
+	GIT_TEST_OPTS=--valgrind $(MAKE)
+
+.PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcd3ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/README
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+Core GIT Tests
+==============
+
+This directory holds many test scripts for core GIT tools.  The
+first part of this short document describes how to run the tests
+and read their output.
+
+When fixing the tools or adding enhancements, you are strongly
+encouraged to add tests in this directory to cover what you are
+trying to fix or enhance.  The later part of this short document
+describes how your test scripts should be organized.
+
+
+Running Tests
+-------------
+
+The easiest way to run tests is to say "make".  This runs all
+the tests.
+
+    *** t0000-basic.sh ***
+    *   ok 1: .git/objects should be empty after git-init in an empty repo.
+    *   ok 2: .git/objects should have 256 subdirectories.
+    *   ok 3: git-update-index without --add should fail adding.
+    ...
+    *   ok 23: no diff after checkout and git-update-index --refresh.
+    * passed all 23 test(s)
+    *** t0100-environment-names.sh ***
+    *   ok 1: using old names should issue warnings.
+    *   ok 2: using old names but having new names should not issue warnings.
+    ...
+
+Or you can run each test individually from command line, like
+this:
+
+    $ sh ./t3001-ls-files-killed.sh
+    *   ok 1: git-update-index --add to add various paths.
+    *   ok 2: git-ls-files -k to show killed files.
+    *   ok 3: validate git-ls-files -k output.
+    * passed all 3 test(s)
+
+You can pass --verbose (or -v), --debug (or -d), and --immediate
+(or -i) command line argument to the test, or by setting GIT_TEST_OPTS
+appropriately before running "make".
+
+--verbose::
+	This makes the test more verbose.  Specifically, the
+	command being run and their output if any are also
+	output.
+
+--debug::
+	This may help the person who is developing a new test.
+	It causes the command defined with test_debug to run.
+
+--immediate::
+	This causes the test to immediately exit upon the first
+	failed test.
+
+--long-tests::
+	This causes additional long-running tests to be run (where
+	available), for more exhaustive testing.
+
+--valgrind::
+	Execute all Git binaries with valgrind and exit with status
+	126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will only stop
+	the test script when running under -i).  Valgrind errors
+	go to stderr, so you might want to pass the -v option, too.
+
+	Since it makes no sense to run the tests with --valgrind and
+	not see any output, this option implies --verbose.  For
+	convenience, it also implies --tee.
+
+--tee::
+	In addition to printing the test output to the terminal,
+	write it to files named 't/test-results/$TEST_NAME.out'.
+	As the names depend on the tests' file names, it is safe to
+	run the tests with this option in parallel.
+
+--with-dashes::
+	By default tests are run without dashed forms of
+	commands (like git-commit) in the PATH (it only uses
+	wrappers from ../bin-wrappers).  Use this option to include
+	the build directory (..) in the PATH, which contains all
+	the dashed forms of commands.  This option is currently
+	implied by other options like --valgrind and
+	GIT_TEST_INSTALLED.
+
+You can also set the GIT_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
+the bindir of an existing git installation to test that installation.
+You still need to have built this git sandbox, from which various
+test-* support programs, templates, and perl libraries are used.
+If your installed git is incomplete, it will silently test parts of
+your built version instead.
+
+When using GIT_TEST_INSTALLED, you can also set GIT_TEST_EXEC_PATH to
+override the location of the dashed-form subcommands (what
+GIT_EXEC_PATH would be used for during normal operation).
+GIT_TEST_EXEC_PATH defaults to `$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path`.
+
+
+Skipping Tests
+--------------
+
+In some environments, certain tests have no way of succeeding
+due to platform limitation, such as lack of 'unzip' program, or
+filesystem that do not allow arbitrary sequence of non-NUL bytes
+as pathnames.
+
+You should be able to say something like
+
+    $ GIT_SKIP_TESTS=t9200.8 sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh
+
+and even:
+
+    $ GIT_SKIP_TESTS='t[0-4]??? t91?? t9200.8' make
+
+to omit such tests.  The value of the environment variable is a
+SP separated list of patterns that tells which tests to skip,
+and either can match the "t[0-9]{4}" part to skip the whole
+test, or t[0-9]{4} followed by ".$number" to say which
+particular test to skip.
+
+Note that some tests in the existing test suite rely on previous
+test item, so you cannot arbitrarily disable one and expect the
+remainder of test to check what the test originally was intended
+to check.
+
+
+Naming Tests
+------------
+
+The test files are named as:
+
+	tNNNN-commandname-details.sh
+
+where N is a decimal digit.
+
+First digit tells the family:
+
+	0 - the absolute basics and global stuff
+	1 - the basic commands concerning database
+	2 - the basic commands concerning the working tree
+	3 - the other basic commands (e.g. ls-files)
+	4 - the diff commands
+	5 - the pull and exporting commands
+	6 - the revision tree commands (even e.g. merge-base)
+	7 - the porcelainish commands concerning the working tree
+	8 - the porcelainish commands concerning forensics
+	9 - the git tools
+
+Second digit tells the particular command we are testing.
+
+Third digit (optionally) tells the particular switch or group of switches
+we are testing.
+
+If you create files under t/ directory (i.e. here) that is not
+the top-level test script, never name the file to match the above
+pattern.  The Makefile here considers all such files as the
+top-level test script and tries to run all of them.  A care is
+especially needed if you are creating a common test library
+file, similar to test-lib.sh, because such a library file may
+not be suitable for standalone execution.
+
+
+Writing Tests
+-------------
+
+The test script is written as a shell script.  It should start
+with the standard "#!/bin/sh" with copyright notices, and an
+assignment to variable 'test_description', like this:
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	#
+	# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+	#
+
+	test_description='xxx test (option --frotz)
+
+	This test registers the following structure in the cache
+	and tries to run git-ls-files with option --frotz.'
+
+
+Source 'test-lib.sh'
+--------------------
+
+After assigning test_description, the test script should source
+test-lib.sh like this:
+
+	. ./test-lib.sh
+
+This test harness library does the following things:
+
+ - If the script is invoked with command line argument --help
+   (or -h), it shows the test_description and exits.
+
+ - Creates an empty test directory with an empty .git/objects
+   database and chdir(2) into it.  This directory is 't/trash directory'
+   if you must know, but I do not think you care.
+
+ - Defines standard test helper functions for your scripts to
+   use.  These functions are designed to make all scripts behave
+   consistently when command line arguments --verbose (or -v),
+   --debug (or -d), and --immediate (or -i) is given.
+
+
+End with test_done
+------------------
+
+Your script will be a sequence of tests, using helper functions
+from the test harness library.  At the end of the script, call
+'test_done'.
+
+
+Test harness library
+--------------------
+
+There are a handful helper functions defined in the test harness
+library for your script to use.
+
+ - test_expect_success <message> <script>
+
+   This takes two strings as parameter, and evaluates the
+   <script>.  If it yields success, test is considered
+   successful.  <message> should state what it is testing.
+
+   Example:
+
+	test_expect_success \
+	    'git-write-tree should be able to write an empty tree.' \
+	    'tree=$(git-write-tree)'
+
+ - test_expect_failure <message> <script>
+
+   This is NOT the opposite of test_expect_success, but is used
+   to mark a test that demonstrates a known breakage.  Unlike
+   the usual test_expect_success tests, which say "ok" on
+   success and "FAIL" on failure, this will say "FIXED" on
+   success and "still broken" on failure.  Failures from these
+   tests won't cause -i (immediate) to stop.
+
+ - test_debug <script>
+
+   This takes a single argument, <script>, and evaluates it only
+   when the test script is started with --debug command line
+   argument.  This is primarily meant for use during the
+   development of a new test script.
+
+ - test_done
+
+   Your test script must have test_done at the end.  Its purpose
+   is to summarize successes and failures in the test script and
+   exit with an appropriate error code.
+
+ - test_tick
+
+   Make commit and tag names consistent by setting the author and
+   committer times to defined stated.  Subsequent calls will
+   advance the times by a fixed amount.
+
+ - test_commit <message> [<filename> [<contents>]]
+
+   Creates a commit with the given message, committing the given
+   file with the given contents (default for both is to reuse the
+   message string), and adds a tag (again reusing the message
+   string as name).  Calls test_tick to make the SHA-1s
+   reproducible.
+
+ - test_merge <message> <commit-or-tag>
+
+   Merges the given rev using the given message.  Like test_commit,
+   creates a tag and calls test_tick before committing.
+
+Tips for Writing Tests
+----------------------
+
+As with any programming projects, existing programs are the best
+source of the information.  However, do _not_ emulate
+t0000-basic.sh when writing your tests.  The test is special in
+that it tries to validate the very core of GIT.  For example, it
+knows that there will be 256 subdirectories under .git/objects/,
+and it knows that the object ID of an empty tree is a certain
+40-byte string.  This is deliberately done so in t0000-basic.sh
+because the things the very basic core test tries to achieve is
+to serve as a basis for people who are changing the GIT internal
+drastically.  For these people, after making certain changes,
+not seeing failures from the basic test _is_ a failure.  And
+such drastic changes to the core GIT that even changes these
+otherwise supposedly stable object IDs should be accompanied by
+an update to t0000-basic.sh.
+
+However, other tests that simply rely on basic parts of the core
+GIT working properly should not have that level of intimate
+knowledge of the core GIT internals.  If all the test scripts
+hardcoded the object IDs like t0000-basic.sh does, that defeats
+the purpose of t0000-basic.sh, which is to isolate that level of
+validation in one place.  Your test also ends up needing
+updating when such a change to the internal happens, so do _not_
+do it and leave the low level of validation to t0000-basic.sh.
diff --git a/t/aggregate-results.sh b/t/aggregate-results.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5bab75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/aggregate-results.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+fixed=0
+success=0
+failed=0
+broken=0
+total=0
+
+for file
+do
+	while read type value
+	do
+		case $type in
+		'')
+			continue ;;
+		fixed)
+			fixed=$(($fixed + $value)) ;;
+		success)
+			success=$(($success + $value)) ;;
+		failed)
+			failed=$(($failed + $value)) ;;
+		broken)
+			broken=$(($broken + $value)) ;;
+		total)
+			total=$(($total + $value)) ;;
+		esac
+	done <"$file"
+done
+
+printf "%-8s%d\n" fixed $fixed
+printf "%-8s%d\n" success $success
+printf "%-8s%d\n" failed $failed
+printf "%-8s%d\n" broken $broken
+printf "%-8s%d\n" total $total
diff --git a/t/annotate-tests.sh b/t/annotate-tests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..396b965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/annotate-tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# This file isn't used as a test script directly, instead it is
+# sourced from t8001-annotate.sh and t8001-blame.sh.
+
+check_count () {
+	head=
+	case "$1" in -h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;; esac
+	echo "$PROG file $head" >&4
+	$PROG file $head >.result || return 1
+	cat .result | perl -e '
+		my %expect = (@ARGV);
+		my %count = ();
+		while (<STDIN>) {
+			if (/^[0-9a-f]+\t\(([^\t]+)\t/) {
+				my $author = $1;
+				for ($author) { s/^\s*//; s/\s*$//; }
+				if (exists $expect{$author}) {
+					$count{$author}++;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		my $bad = 0;
+		while (my ($author, $count) = each %count) {
+			my $ok;
+			if ($expect{$author} != $count) {
+				$bad = 1;
+				$ok = "bad";
+			}
+			else {
+				$ok = "good";
+			}
+			print STDERR "Author $author (expected $expect{$author}, attributed $count) $ok\n";
+		}
+		exit($bad);
+	' "$@"
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+     git add file
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'check all lines blamed on A' \
+    'check_count A 2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Setup new lines blamed on B' \
+    'echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
+     echo "lazy dog" >> file &&
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" git commit -a -m "Second."'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B' \
+    'check_count A 2 B 2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'merge-setup part 1' \
+    'git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+     echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >> file &&
+     echo "well." >> file &&
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B, two on B1' \
+    'check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'merge-setup part 2' \
+    'git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+     sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" < file > file.new &&
+     mv file.new file &&
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, one on B2' \
+    'check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'merge-setup part 3' \
+    'git pull . branch1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2' \
+    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Annotating an old revision works' \
+    'check_count -h master A 2 B 2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Annotating an old revision works' \
+    'check_count -h master^ A 2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'merge-setup part 4' \
+    'echo "evil merge." >>file &&
+     git commit -a --amend'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2, one on A U Thor' \
+    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'an incomplete line added' \
+    'echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'With incomplete lines.' \
+    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'some edit' \
+    'mv file file.orig &&
+    {
+	cat file.orig &&
+	echo
+    } | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" > file &&
+    echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" git commit -a -m "edit"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'some edit' \
+    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1'
diff --git a/t/diff-lib.sh b/t/diff-lib.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a35fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/diff-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+:
+
+sanitize_diff_raw='/^:/s/ '"$_x40"' '"$_x40"' \([A-Z]\)[0-9]*	/ X X \1#	/'
+compare_diff_raw () {
+    # When heuristics are improved, the score numbers would change.
+    # Ignore them while comparing.
+    # Also we do not check SHA1 hash generation in this test, which
+    # is a job for t0000-basic.sh
+
+    sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw" <"$1" >.tmp-1
+    sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw" <"$2" >.tmp-2
+    test_cmp .tmp-1 .tmp-2 && rm -f .tmp-1 .tmp-2
+}
+
+sanitize_diff_raw_z='/^:/s/ '"$_x40"' '"$_x40"' \([A-Z]\)[0-9]*$/ X X \1#/'
+compare_diff_raw_z () {
+    # When heuristics are improved, the score numbers would change.
+    # Ignore them while comparing.
+    # Also we do not check SHA1 hash generation in this test, which
+    # is a job for t0000-basic.sh
+
+    perl -pe 'y/\000/\012/' <"$1" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-1
+    perl -pe 'y/\000/\012/' <"$2" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-2
+    test_cmp .tmp-1 .tmp-2 && rm -f .tmp-1 .tmp-2
+}
+
+compare_diff_patch () {
+    # When heuristics are improved, the score numbers would change.
+    # Ignore them while comparing.
+    sed -e '
+	/^[dis]*imilarity index [0-9]*%$/d
+	/^index [0-9a-f]*\.\.[0-9a-f]/d
+    ' <"$1" >.tmp-1
+    sed -e '
+	/^[dis]*imilarity index [0-9]*%$/d
+	/^index [0-9a-f]*\.\.[0-9a-f]/d
+    ' <"$2" >.tmp-2
+    test_cmp .tmp-1 .tmp-2 && rm -f .tmp-1 .tmp-2
+}
diff --git a/t/gitweb-lib.sh b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a734b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Jakub Narebski
+#
+
+gitweb_init () {
+	safe_pwd="$(perl -MPOSIX=getcwd -e 'print quotemeta(getcwd)')"
+	cat >gitweb_config.perl <<EOF
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# gitweb configuration for tests
+
+our \$version = 'current';
+our \$GIT = 'git';
+our \$projectroot = "$safe_pwd";
+our \$project_maxdepth = 8;
+our \$home_link_str = 'projects';
+our \$site_name = '[localhost]';
+our \$site_header = '';
+our \$site_footer = '';
+our \$home_text = 'indextext.html';
+our @stylesheets = ('file:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/gitweb.css');
+our \$logo = 'file:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/git-logo.png';
+our \$favicon = 'file:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/git-favicon.png';
+our \$projects_list = '';
+our \$export_ok = '';
+our \$strict_export = '';
+our \$maxload = undef;
+
+EOF
+
+	cat >.git/description <<EOF
+$0 test repository
+EOF
+}
+
+gitweb_run () {
+	GATEWAY_INTERFACE='CGI/1.1'
+	HTTP_ACCEPT='*/*'
+	REQUEST_METHOD='GET'
+	SCRIPT_NAME="$TEST_DIRECTORY/../gitweb/gitweb.perl"
+	QUERY_STRING=""$1""
+	PATH_INFO=""$2""
+	export GATEWAY_INTERFACE HTTP_ACCEPT REQUEST_METHOD \
+		SCRIPT_NAME QUERY_STRING PATH_INFO
+
+	GITWEB_CONFIG=$(pwd)/gitweb_config.perl
+	export GITWEB_CONFIG
+
+	# some of git commands write to STDERR on error, but this is not
+	# written to web server logs, so we are not interested in that:
+	# we are interested only in properly formatted errors/warnings
+	rm -f gitweb.log &&
+	perl -- "$SCRIPT_NAME" \
+		>gitweb.output 2>gitweb.log &&
+	perl -w -e '
+		open O, ">gitweb.headers";
+		while (<>) {
+			print O;
+			last if (/^\r$/ || /^$/);
+		}
+		open O, ">gitweb.body";
+		while (<>) {
+			print O;
+		}
+		close O;
+	' gitweb.output &&
+	if grep '^[[]' gitweb.log >/dev/null 2>&1; then false; else true; fi
+
+	# gitweb.log is left for debugging
+	# gitweb.output is used to parse HTTP output
+	# gitweb.headers contains only HTTP headers
+	# gitweb.body contains body of message, without headers
+}
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping gitweb tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+perl -MEncode -e 'decode_utf8("", Encode::FB_CROAK)' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+    say 'skipping gitweb tests, perl version is too old'
+    test_done
+}
+
+gitweb_init
diff --git a/t/lib-cvs.sh b/t/lib-cvs.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b3b793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-cvs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+unset CVS_SERVER
+# for clean cvsps cache
+HOME=$(pwd)
+export HOME
+
+if ! type cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	say 'skipping cvsimport tests, cvs not found'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+CVS="cvs -f"
+export CVS
+
+cvsps_version=`cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p'`
+case "$cvsps_version" in
+2.1 | 2.2*)
+	;;
+'')
+	say 'skipping cvsimport tests, cvsps not found'
+	test_done
+	;;
+*)
+	say 'skipping cvsimport tests, unsupported cvsps version'
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_cvs_co () {
+	# Usage: test_cvs_co BRANCH_NAME
+	rm -rf module-cvs-"$1"
+	if [ "$1" = "master" ]
+	then
+		$CVS co -P -d module-cvs-"$1" -A module
+	else
+		$CVS co -P -d module-cvs-"$1" -r "$1" module
+	fi
+}
+
+test_git_co () {
+	# Usage: test_git_co BRANCH_NAME
+	(cd module-git && git checkout "$1")
+}
+
+test_cmp_branch_file () {
+	# Usage: test_cmp_branch_file BRANCH_NAME PATH
+	# The branch must already be checked out of CVS and git.
+	test_cmp module-cvs-"$1"/"$2" module-git/"$2"
+}
+
+test_cmp_branch_tree () {
+	# Usage: test_cmp_branch_tree BRANCH_NAME
+	# Check BRANCH_NAME out of CVS and git and make sure that all
+	# of the files and directories are identical.
+
+	test_cvs_co "$1" &&
+	test_git_co "$1" &&
+	(
+		cd module-cvs-"$1"
+		find . -type d -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print
+	) | sort >module-cvs-"$1".list &&
+	(
+		cd module-git
+		find . -type d -name .git -prune -o -type f -print
+	) | sort >module-git-"$1".list &&
+	test_cmp module-cvs-"$1".list module-git-"$1".list &&
+	cat module-cvs-"$1".list | while read f
+	do
+		test_cmp_branch_file "$1" "$f" || return 1
+	done
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f7f35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+remotes_git_svn=remotes/git""-svn
+git_svn_id=git""-svn-id
+
+if test -n "$NO_SVN_TESTS"
+then
+	say 'skipping git svn tests, NO_SVN_TESTS defined'
+	test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping git svn tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git
+GIT_SVN_DIR=$GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn
+SVN_TREE=$GIT_SVN_DIR/svn-tree
+PERL=${PERL:-perl}
+
+svn >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+    say 'skipping git svn tests, svn not found'
+    test_done
+fi
+
+svnrepo=$PWD/svnrepo
+export svnrepo
+svnconf=$PWD/svnconf
+export svnconf
+
+$PERL -w -e "
+use SVN::Core;
+use SVN::Repos;
+\$SVN::Core::VERSION gt '1.1.0' or exit(42);
+system(qw/svnadmin create --fs-type fsfs/, \$ENV{svnrepo}) == 0 or exit(41);
+" >&3 2>&4
+x=$?
+if test $x -ne 0
+then
+	if test $x -eq 42; then
+		err='Perl SVN libraries must be >= 1.1.0'
+	elif test $x -eq 41; then
+		err='svnadmin failed to create fsfs repository'
+	else
+		err='Perl SVN libraries not found or unusable, skipping test'
+	fi
+	say "$err"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+rawsvnrepo="$svnrepo"
+svnrepo="file://$svnrepo"
+
+poke() {
+	test-chmtime +1 "$1"
+}
+
+# We need this, because we should pass empty configuration directory to
+# the 'svn commit' to avoid automated property changes and other stuff
+# that could be set from user's configuration files in ~/.subversion.
+svn_cmd () {
+	[ -d "$svnconf" ] || mkdir "$svnconf"
+	orig_svncmd="$1"; shift
+	if [ -z "$orig_svncmd" ]; then
+		svn
+		return
+	fi
+	svn "$orig_svncmd" --config-dir "$svnconf" "$@"
+}
+
+for d in \
+	"$SVN_HTTPD_PATH" \
+	/usr/sbin/apache2 \
+	/usr/sbin/httpd \
+; do
+	if test -f "$d"
+	then
+		SVN_HTTPD_PATH="$d"
+		break
+	fi
+done
+for d in \
+	"$SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" \
+	/usr/lib/apache2/modules \
+	/usr/libexec/apache2 \
+; do
+	if test -d "$d"
+	then
+		SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH="$d"
+		break
+	fi
+done
+
+start_httpd () {
+	repo_base_path="$1"
+	if test -z "$SVN_HTTPD_PORT"
+	then
+		echo >&2 'SVN_HTTPD_PORT is not defined!'
+		return
+	fi
+	if test -z "$repo_base_path"
+	then
+		repo_base_path=svn
+	fi
+
+	mkdir "$GIT_DIR"/logs
+
+	cat > "$GIT_DIR/httpd.conf" <<EOF
+ServerName "git svn test"
+ServerRoot "$GIT_DIR"
+DocumentRoot "$GIT_DIR"
+PidFile "$GIT_DIR/httpd.pid"
+LockFile logs/accept.lock
+Listen 127.0.0.1:$SVN_HTTPD_PORT
+LoadModule dav_module $SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH/mod_dav.so
+LoadModule dav_svn_module $SVN_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH/mod_dav_svn.so
+<Location /$repo_base_path>
+	DAV svn
+	SVNPath "$rawsvnrepo"
+</Location>
+EOF
+	"$SVN_HTTPD_PATH" -f "$GIT_DIR"/httpd.conf -k start
+	svnrepo="http://127.0.0.1:$SVN_HTTPD_PORT/$repo_base_path"
+}
+
+stop_httpd () {
+	test -z "$SVN_HTTPD_PORT" && return
+	"$SVN_HTTPD_PATH" -f "$GIT_DIR"/httpd.conf -k stop
+}
+
+convert_to_rev_db () {
+	$PERL -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
+use strict;
+@ARGV == 2 or die "Usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
+open my $wr, '+>', $ARGV[1] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[1]";
+open my $rd, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[0]";
+my $size = (stat($rd))[7];
+($size % 24) == 0 or die "Inconsistent size: $size";
+while (sysread($rd, my $buf, 24) == 24) {
+	my ($r, $c) = unpack('NH40', $buf);
+	my $offset = $r * 41;
+	seek $wr, 0, 2 or die $!;
+	my $pos = tell $wr;
+	if ($pos < $offset) {
+		for (1 .. (($offset - $pos) / 41)) {
+			print $wr (('0' x 40),"\n") or die $!;
+		}
+	}
+	seek $wr, $offset, 0 or die $!;
+	print $wr $c,"\n" or die $!;
+}
+close $wr or die $!;
+close $rd or die $!;
+EOF
+}
+
+require_svnserve () {
+    if test -z "$SVNSERVE_PORT"
+    then
+        say 'skipping svnserve test. (set $SVNSERVE_PORT to enable)'
+        test_done
+    fi
+}
+
+start_svnserve () {
+    svnserve --listen-port $SVNSERVE_PORT \
+             --root "$rawsvnrepo" \
+             --listen-once \
+             --listen-host 127.0.0.1 &
+}
+
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd.sh b/t/lib-httpd.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28aff88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
+#
+
+if test -z "$GIT_TEST_HTTPD"
+then
+	say "skipping test, network testing disabled by default"
+	say "(define GIT_TEST_HTTPD to enable)"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+HTTPD_PARA=""
+
+for DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH in '/usr/sbin/httpd' '/usr/sbin/apache2'
+do
+	if test -x "$DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH"
+	then
+		break
+	fi
+done
+
+for DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH in '/usr/libexec/apache2' \
+				 '/usr/lib/apache2/modules' \
+				 '/usr/lib64/httpd/modules' \
+				 '/usr/lib/httpd/modules'
+do
+	if test -d "$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
+	then
+		break
+	fi
+done
+
+case $(uname) in
+	Darwin)
+		HTTPD_PARA="$HTTPD_PARA -DDarwin"
+	;;
+esac
+
+LIB_HTTPD_PATH=${LIB_HTTPD_PATH-"$DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH"}
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'8111'}
+
+TEST_PATH="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd
+HTTPD_ROOT_PATH="$PWD"/httpd
+HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH=$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/www
+
+if ! test -x "$LIB_HTTPD_PATH"
+then
+	say "skipping test, no web server found at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+HTTPD_VERSION=`$LIB_HTTPD_PATH -v | \
+	sed -n 's/^Server version: Apache\/\([0-9]*\)\..*$/\1/p; q'`
+
+if test -n "$HTTPD_VERSION"
+then
+	if test -z "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
+	then
+		if ! test $HTTPD_VERSION -ge 2
+		then
+			say "skipping test, at least Apache version 2 is required"
+			test_done
+		fi
+		if ! test -d "$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
+		then
+			say "Apache module directory not found.  Skipping tests."
+			test_done
+		fi
+
+		LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH="$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
+	fi
+else
+	error "Could not identify web server at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
+fi
+
+prepare_httpd() {
+	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
+
+	ln -s "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/modules"
+
+	if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SSL"
+	then
+		HTTPD_URL=https://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT
+
+		RANDFILE_PATH="$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/.rnd openssl req \
+			-config "$TEST_PATH/ssl.cnf" \
+			-new -x509 -nodes \
+			-out "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/httpd.pem" \
+			-keyout "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/httpd.pem"
+		GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=t
+		export GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY
+		HTTPD_PARA="$HTTPD_PARA -DSSL"
+	else
+		HTTPD_URL=http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT
+	fi
+
+	if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_DAV" -o -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SVN"
+	then
+		HTTPD_PARA="$HTTPD_PARA -DDAV"
+
+		if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SVN"
+		then
+			HTTPD_PARA="$HTTPD_PARA -DSVN"
+			rawsvnrepo="$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/svnrepo"
+			svnrepo="http://127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT/svn"
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+start_httpd() {
+	prepare_httpd >&3 2>&4
+
+	trap 'code=$?; stop_httpd; (exit $code); die' EXIT
+
+	"$LIB_HTTPD_PATH" -d "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH" \
+		-f "$TEST_PATH/apache.conf" $HTTPD_PARA \
+		-c "Listen 127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT" -k start \
+		>&3 2>&4
+	if test $? -ne 0
+	then
+		say "skipping test, web server setup failed"
+		trap 'die' EXIT
+		test_done
+	fi
+}
+
+stop_httpd() {
+	trap 'die' EXIT
+
+	"$LIB_HTTPD_PATH" -d "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH" \
+		-f "$TEST_PATH/apache.conf" $HTTPD_PARA -k stop
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4961505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+ServerName dummy
+LockFile accept.lock
+PidFile httpd.pid
+DocumentRoot www
+LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
+CustomLog access.log common
+ErrorLog error.log
+<IfModule !mod_log_config.c>
+	LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_alias.c>
+	LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_cgi.c>
+	LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_env.c>
+	LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
+</IfModule>
+
+Alias /dumb/ www/
+
+<Location /smart/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+</Location>
+<Location /smart_noexport/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+</Location>
+ScriptAlias /smart/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
+ScriptAlias /smart_noexport/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
+<Directory ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}>
+	Options None
+</Directory>
+<Files ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend>
+	Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
+
+<IfDefine SSL>
+LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
+
+SSLCertificateFile httpd.pem
+SSLCertificateKeyFile httpd.pem
+SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
+SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512
+SSLSessionCache none
+SSLMutex file:ssl_mutex
+SSLEngine On
+</IfDefine>
+
+<IfDefine DAV>
+	LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
+	LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
+
+	DAVLockDB DAVLock
+	<Location /dumb/>
+		Dav on
+	</Location>
+</IfDefine>
+
+<IfDefine SVN>
+	LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so
+
+	<Location /svn>
+		DAV svn
+		SVNPath svnrepo
+	</Location>
+</IfDefine>
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/ssl.cnf b/t/lib-httpd/ssl.cnf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dab257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/ssl.cnf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+RANDFILE                = $ENV::RANDFILE_PATH
+
+[ req ]
+default_bits            = 1024
+distinguished_name      = req_distinguished_name
+prompt                  = no
+[ req_distinguished_name ]
+commonName              = 127.0.0.1
diff --git a/t/lib-patch-mode.sh b/t/lib-patch-mode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..75a3ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-patch-mode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping --patch tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+set_state () {
+	echo "$3" > "$1" &&
+	git add "$1" &&
+	echo "$2" > "$1"
+}
+
+save_state () {
+	noslash="$(echo "$1" | tr / _)" &&
+	cat "$1" > _worktree_"$noslash" &&
+	git show :"$1" > _index_"$noslash"
+}
+
+set_and_save_state () {
+	set_state "$@" &&
+	save_state "$1"
+}
+
+verify_state () {
+	test "$(cat "$1")" = "$2" &&
+	test "$(git show :"$1")" = "$3"
+}
+
+verify_saved_state () {
+	noslash="$(echo "$1" | tr / _)" &&
+	verify_state "$1" "$(cat _worktree_"$noslash")" "$(cat _index_"$noslash")"
+}
+
+save_head () {
+	git rev-parse HEAD > _head
+}
+
+verify_saved_head () {
+	test "$(cat _head)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-read-tree-m-3way.sh b/t/lib-read-tree-m-3way.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..168329a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-read-tree-m-3way.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+: Included from t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh and others
+# Original tree.
+mkdir Z
+for a in N D M
+do
+    for b in N D M
+    do
+        p=$a$b
+	echo This is $p from the original tree. >$p
+	echo This is Z/$p from the original tree. >Z/$p
+	test_expect_success \
+	    "adding test file $p and Z/$p" \
+	    'git update-index --add $p &&
+	    git update-index --add Z/$p'
+    done
+done
+echo This is SS from the original tree. >SS
+test_expect_success \
+    'adding test file SS' \
+    'git update-index --add SS'
+cat >TT <<\EOF
+This is a trivial merge sample text.
+Branch A is expected to upcase this word, here.
+There are some filler lines to avoid diff context
+conflicts here,
+like this one,
+and this one,
+and this one is yet another one of them.
+At the very end, here comes another line, that is
+the word, expected to be upcased by Branch B.
+This concludes the trivial merge sample file.
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'adding test file TT' \
+    'git update-index --add TT'
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare initial tree' \
+    'tree_O=$(git write-tree)'
+
+################################################################
+# Branch A and B makes the changes according to the above matrix.
+
+################################################################
+# Branch A
+
+to_remove=$(echo D? Z/D?)
+rm -f $to_remove
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch A (removal)' \
+    'git update-index --remove $to_remove'
+
+for p in M? Z/M?
+do
+    echo This is modified $p in the branch A. >$p
+    test_expect_success \
+	'change in branch A (modification)' \
+        "git update-index $p"
+done
+
+for p in AN AA Z/AN Z/AA
+do
+    echo This is added $p in the branch A. >$p
+    test_expect_success \
+	'change in branch A (addition)' \
+	"git update-index --add $p"
+done
+
+echo This is SS from the modified tree. >SS
+echo This is LL from the modified tree. >LL
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch A (addition)' \
+    'git update-index --add LL &&
+     git update-index SS'
+mv TT TT-
+sed -e '/Branch A/s/word/WORD/g' <TT- >TT
+rm -f TT-
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch A (edit)' \
+    'git update-index TT'
+
+mkdir DF
+echo Branch A makes a file at DF/DF, creating a directory DF. >DF/DF
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch A (change file to directory)' \
+    'git update-index --add DF/DF'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'recording branch A tree' \
+    'tree_A=$(git write-tree)'
+
+################################################################
+# Branch B
+# Start from O
+
+rm -rf [NDMASLT][NDMASLT] Z DF
+mkdir Z
+test_expect_success \
+    'reading original tree and checking out' \
+    'git read-tree $tree_O &&
+     git checkout-index -a'
+
+to_remove=$(echo ?D Z/?D)
+rm -f $to_remove
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch B (removal)' \
+    "git update-index --remove $to_remove"
+
+for p in ?M Z/?M
+do
+    echo This is modified $p in the branch B. >$p
+    test_expect_success \
+	'change in branch B (modification)' \
+	"git update-index $p"
+done
+
+for p in NA AA Z/NA Z/AA
+do
+    echo This is added $p in the branch B. >$p
+    test_expect_success \
+	'change in branch B (addition)' \
+	"git update-index --add $p"
+done
+echo This is SS from the modified tree. >SS
+echo This is LL from the modified tree. >LL
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch B (addition and modification)' \
+    'git update-index --add LL &&
+     git update-index SS'
+mv TT TT-
+sed -e '/Branch B/s/word/WORD/g' <TT- >TT
+rm -f TT-
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch B (modification)' \
+    'git update-index TT'
+
+echo Branch B makes a file at DF. >DF
+test_expect_success \
+    'change in branch B (addition of a file to conflict with directory)' \
+    'git update-index --add DF'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'recording branch B tree' \
+    'tree_B=$(git write-tree)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'keep contents of 3 trees for easy access' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $tree_O &&
+     mkdir .orig-O &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=.orig-O/ -f -q -a &&
+     rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $tree_A &&
+     mkdir .orig-A &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=.orig-A/ -f -q -a &&
+     rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $tree_B &&
+     mkdir .orig-B &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=.orig-B/ -f -q -a'
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aefe27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# After setting the fake editor with this function, you can
+#
+# - override the commit message with $FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE
+# - amend the commit message with $FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND
+# - check that non-commit messages have a certain line count with $EXPECT_COUNT
+# - check the commit count in the commit message header with $EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT
+# - rewrite a rebase -i script as directed by $FAKE_LINES.
+#   $FAKE_LINES consists of a sequence of words separated by spaces.
+#   The following word combinations are possible:
+#
+#   "<lineno>" -- add a "pick" line with the SHA1 taken from the
+#       specified line.
+#
+#   "<cmd> <lineno>" -- add a line with the specified command
+#       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", or "reword") and the SHA1 taken
+#       from the specified line.
+#
+#   "#" -- Add a comment line.
+#
+#   ">" -- Add a blank line.
+
+set_fake_editor () {
+	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-editor.sh
+	cat >> fake-editor.sh <<\EOF
+case "$1" in
+*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
+	test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
+		test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+		exit
+	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
+	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
+	exit
+	;;
+esac
+test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
+	test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
+	exit
+test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
+grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
+rm -f "$1"
+echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
+cat "$1".tmp
+action=pick
+for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
+	case $line in
+	squash|fixup|edit|reword)
+		action="$line";;
+	"#")
+		echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
+	">")
+		echo >> "$1";;
+	*)
+		sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
+		action=pick;;
+	esac
+done
+echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
+cat "$1"
+EOF
+
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
+	chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+}
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f4ca4fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Test the very basics part #1.
+
+The rest of the test suite does not check the basic operation of git
+plumbing commands to work very carefully.  Their job is to concentrate
+on tricky features that caused bugs in the past to detect regression.
+
+This test runs very basic features, like registering things in cache,
+writing tree, etc.
+
+Note that this test *deliberately* hard-codes many expected object
+IDs.  When object ID computation changes, like in the previous case of
+swapping compression and hashing order, the person who is making the
+modification *should* take notice and update the test vectors here.
+'
+
+################################################################
+# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
+
+../git >/dev/null
+if test $? != 1
+then
+	echo >&2 'You do not seem to have built git yet.'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+################################################################
+# git init has been done in an empty repository.
+# make sure it is empty.
+
+find .git/objects -type f -print >should-be-empty
+test_expect_success \
+    '.git/objects should be empty after git init in an empty repo.' \
+    'cmp -s /dev/null should-be-empty'
+
+# also it should have 2 subdirectories; no fan-out anymore, pack, and info.
+# 3 is counting "objects" itself
+find .git/objects -type d -print >full-of-directories
+test_expect_success \
+    '.git/objects should have 3 subdirectories.' \
+    'test $(wc -l < full-of-directories) = 3'
+
+################################################################
+# Test harness
+test_expect_success 'success is reported like this' '
+    :
+'
+test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' '
+    false
+'
+test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' '
+    :
+'
+test_set_prereq HAVEIT
+haveit=no
+test_expect_success HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisite is satisfied' '
+    test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
+    haveit=yes
+'
+donthaveit=yes
+test_expect_success DONTHAVEIT 'unmet prerequisite causes test to be skipped' '
+    donthaveit=no
+'
+if test $haveit$donthaveit != yesyes
+then
+	say "bug in test framework: prerequisite tags do not work reliably"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+################################################################
+# Basics of the basics
+
+# updating a new file without --add should fail.
+test_expect_success 'git update-index without --add should fail adding.' '
+    test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
+'
+
+# and with --add it should succeed, even if it is empty (it used to fail).
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index with --add should succeed.' \
+    'git update-index --add should-be-empty'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
+    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+
+# we know the shape and contents of the tree and know the object ID for it.
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate object ID of a known tree.' \
+    'test "$tree" = 7bb943559a305bdd6bdee2cef6e5df2413c3d30a'
+
+# Removing paths.
+rm -f should-be-empty full-of-directories
+test_expect_success 'git update-index without --remove should fail removing.' '
+    test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index with --remove should be able to remove.' \
+    'git update-index --remove should-be-empty'
+
+# Empty tree can be written with recent write-tree.
+test_expect_success \
+    'git write-tree should be able to write an empty tree.' \
+    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate object ID of a known tree.' \
+    'test "$tree" = 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904'
+
+# Various types of objects
+# Some filesystems do not support symblic links; on such systems
+# some expected values are different
+mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3
+paths='path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3'
+for p in $paths
+do
+    echo "hello $p" >$p
+done
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	for p in $paths
+	do
+		ln -s "hello $p" ${p}sym
+	done
+	expectfilter=cat
+	expectedtree=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
+	expectedptree1=21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
+	expectedptree2=3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
+else
+	expectfilter='grep -v sym'
+	expectedtree=8e18edf7d7edcf4371a3ac6ae5f07c2641db7c46
+	expectedptree1=cfb8591b2f65de8b8cc1020cd7d9e67e7793b325
+	expectedptree2=ce580448f0148b985a513b693fdf7d802cacb44f
+fi
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add.' \
+    'find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add'
+
+# Show them and see that matches what we expect.
+test_expect_success \
+    'showing stage with git ls-files --stage' \
+    'git ls-files --stage >current'
+
+$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
+100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
+120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
+100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
+120000 d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38 0	path2/file2sym
+100644 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376 0	path3/file3
+120000 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f 0	path3/file3sym
+100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0	path3/subp3/file3
+120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0	path3/subp3/file3sym
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate git ls-files output for a known tree.' \
+    'test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing tree out with git write-tree.' \
+    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
+    'test "$tree" = "$expectedtree"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'showing tree with git ls-tree' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree >current'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
+040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
+EOF
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'git ls-tree output for a known tree.' \
+    'test_cmp expected current'
+
+# This changed in ls-tree pathspec change -- recursive does
+# not show tree nodes anymore.
+test_expect_success \
+    'showing tree with git ls-tree -r' \
+    'git ls-tree -r $tree >current'
+$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
+120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
+100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
+120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
+100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
+120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree.' \
+    'test_cmp expected current'
+
+# But with -r -t we can have both.
+test_expect_success \
+    'showing tree with git ls-tree -r -t' \
+    'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
+100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
+120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
+040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
+100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
+120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
+040000 tree 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2	path3/subp3
+100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
+120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
+EOF
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree.' \
+    'test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix.' \
+    'ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3)'
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
+    'test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix.' \
+    'ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3/subp3)'
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
+    'test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree2"'
+
+cat >badobjects <<EOF
+100644 blob 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file1
+100644 blob 2000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file2
+100644 blob 3000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file3
+100644 blob 4000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file4
+100644 blob 5000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file5
+EOF
+
+rm .git/index
+test_expect_success \
+    'put invalid objects into the index.' \
+    'git update-index --index-info < badobjects'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing this tree without --missing-ok.' '
+    test_must_fail git write-tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing this tree with --missing-ok.' \
+    'git write-tree --missing-ok'
+
+
+################################################################
+rm .git/index
+test_expect_success \
+    'git read-tree followed by write-tree should be idempotent.' \
+    'git read-tree $tree &&
+     test -f .git/index &&
+     newtree=$(git write-tree) &&
+     test "$newtree" = "$tree"'
+
+$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0
+:120000 120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0sym
+:100644 100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path2/file2
+:120000 120000 d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path2/file2sym
+:100644 100644 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/file3
+:120000 120000 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/file3sym
+:100644 100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/subp3/file3
+:120000 120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/subp3/file3sym
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state.' \
+    'git diff-files >current && diff >/dev/null -b current expected'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index --refresh should succeed.' \
+    'git update-index --refresh'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'no diff after checkout and git update-index --refresh.' \
+    'git diff-files >current && cmp -s current /dev/null'
+
+################################################################
+P=$expectedtree
+test_expect_success \
+    'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit.' \
+    'commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
+     tree=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit0 |
+	 sed -n -e "s/^tree //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
+     test "z$tree" = "z$P"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git commit-tree records the correct parent in a commit.' \
+    'commit1=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0) &&
+     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit1 |
+	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
+     test "z$commit0" = "z$parent"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git commit-tree omits duplicated parent in a commit.' \
+    'commit2=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0 -p $commit0) &&
+     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
+	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
+	 sort -u) &&
+     test "z$commit0" = "z$parent" &&
+     numparent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
+	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
+	 wc -l) &&
+     test $numparent = 1'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index D/F conflict' '
+	mv path0 tmp &&
+	mv path2 path0 &&
+	mv tmp path2 &&
+	git update-index --add --replace path2 path0/file2 &&
+	numpath0=$(git ls-files path0 | wc -l) &&
+	test $numpath0 = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'absolute path works as expected' '
+	mkdir first &&
+	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
+	mkdir second &&
+	ln -s ../first second/other &&
+	mkdir third &&
+	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
+	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
+	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils make_absolute_path $dir2)" &&
+	file="$dir"/index &&
+	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils make_absolute_path $dir2/index)" &&
+	basename=blub &&
+	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils make_absolute_path "$basename")" &&
+	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
+	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
+	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils make_absolute_path "$dir2/syml")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'very long name in the index handled sanely' '
+
+	a=a && # 1
+	a=$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a && # 16
+	a=$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a && # 256
+	a=$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a && # 4096
+	a=${a}q &&
+
+	>path4 &&
+	git update-index --add path4 &&
+	(
+		git ls-files -s path4 |
+		sed -e "s/	.*/	/" |
+		tr -d "\012"
+		echo "$a"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	len=$(git ls-files "a*" | wc -c) &&
+	test $len = 4098
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5386504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git init'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_config () {
+	if test -d "$1" && test -f "$1/config" && test -d "$1/refs"
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "expected a directory $1, a file $1/config and $1/refs"
+		return 1
+	fi
+	bare=$(GIT_CONFIG="$1/config" git config --bool core.bare)
+	worktree=$(GIT_CONFIG="$1/config" git config core.worktree) ||
+	worktree=unset
+
+	test "$bare" = "$2" && test "$worktree" = "$3" || {
+		echo "expected bare=$2 worktree=$3"
+		echo "     got bare=$bare worktree=$worktree"
+		return 1
+	}
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'plain' '
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE
+		mkdir plain &&
+		cd plain &&
+		git init
+	) &&
+	check_config plain/.git false unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plain with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
+	if (
+		unset GIT_DIR
+		mkdir plain-wt &&
+		cd plain-wt &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git init
+	)
+	then
+		echo Should have failed -- GIT_WORK_TREE should not be used
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plain bare' '
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir plain-bare-1 &&
+		cd plain-bare-1 &&
+		git --bare init
+	) &&
+	check_config plain-bare-1 true unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plain bare with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
+	if (
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir plain-bare-2 &&
+		cd plain-bare-2 &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git --bare init
+	)
+	then
+		echo Should have failed -- GIT_WORK_TREE should not be used
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR bare' '
+
+	(
+		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir git-dir-bare.git &&
+		GIT_DIR=git-dir-bare.git git init
+	) &&
+	check_config git-dir-bare.git true unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init --bare' '
+
+	(
+		unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir init-bare.git &&
+		cd init-bare.git &&
+		git init --bare
+	) &&
+	check_config init-bare.git true unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR non-bare' '
+
+	(
+		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir non-bare &&
+		cd non-bare &&
+		GIT_DIR=.git git init
+	) &&
+	check_config non-bare/.git false unset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (1)' '
+
+	(
+		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir git-dir-wt-1.git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-1.git git init
+	) &&
+	check_config git-dir-wt-1.git false "$(pwd)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (2)' '
+
+	if (
+		unset GIT_CONFIG
+		mkdir git-dir-wt-2.git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-2.git git --bare init
+	)
+	then
+		echo Should have failed -- --bare should not be used
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reinit' '
+
+	(
+		unset GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG
+
+		mkdir again &&
+		cd again &&
+		git init >out1 2>err1 &&
+		git init >out2 2>err2
+	) &&
+	grep "Initialized empty" again/out1 &&
+	grep "Reinitialized existing" again/out2 &&
+	>again/empty &&
+	test_cmp again/empty again/err1 &&
+	test_cmp again/empty again/err2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init with --template' '
+	mkdir template-source &&
+	echo content >template-source/file &&
+	(
+		mkdir template-custom &&
+		cd template-custom &&
+		git init --template=../template-source
+	) &&
+	test_cmp template-source/file template-custom/.git/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init with --template (blank)' '
+	(
+		mkdir template-plain &&
+		cd template-plain &&
+		git init
+	) &&
+	test -f template-plain/.git/info/exclude &&
+	(
+		mkdir template-blank &&
+		cd template-blank &&
+		git init --template=
+	) &&
+	! test -f template-blank/.git/info/exclude
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init --bare/--shared overrides system/global config' '
+	(
+		HOME="`pwd`" &&
+		export HOME &&
+		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		git config -f "$test_config" core.bare false &&
+		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0640 &&
+		mkdir init-bare-shared-override &&
+		cd init-bare-shared-override &&
+		git init --bare --shared=0666
+	) &&
+	check_config init-bare-shared-override true unset &&
+	test x0666 = \
+	x`git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository`
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init honors global core.sharedRepository' '
+	(
+		HOME="`pwd`" &&
+		export HOME &&
+		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
+		mkdir shared-honor-global &&
+		cd shared-honor-global &&
+		git init
+	) &&
+	test x0666 = \
+	x`git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository`
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init rejects insanely long --template' '
+	(
+		insane=$(printf "x%09999dx" 1) &&
+		mkdir test &&
+		cd test &&
+		test_must_fail git init --template=$insane
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init creates a new directory' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		git init newdir &&
+		test -d newdir/.git/refs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init creates a new bare directory' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		git init --bare newdir &&
+		test -d newdir/refs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init recreates a directory' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		git init newdir &&
+		test -d newdir/.git/refs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init recreates a new bare directory' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		git init --bare newdir &&
+		test -d newdir/refs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init creates a new deep directory' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	git init newdir/a/b/c &&
+	test -d newdir/a/b/c/.git/refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shared)' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		# Leading directories should honor umask while
+		# the repository itself should follow "shared"
+		umask 002 &&
+		git init --bare --shared=0660 newdir/a/b/c &&
+		test -d newdir/a/b/c/refs &&
+		ls -ld newdir/a newdir/a/b > lsab.out &&
+		! grep -v "^drwxrw[sx]r-x" lsab.out &&
+		ls -ld newdir/a/b/c > lsc.out &&
+		! grep -v "^drwxrw[sx]---" lsc.out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init notices EEXIST (1)' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		>newdir &&
+		test_must_fail git init newdir &&
+		test -f newdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init notices EEXIST (2)' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		>newdir/a
+		test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b &&
+		test -f newdir/a
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init notices EPERM' '
+	rm -fr newdir &&
+	(
+		mkdir newdir &&
+		chmod -w newdir &&
+		test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0002-gitfile.sh b/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cb14425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='.git file
+
+Verify that plumbing commands work when .git is a file
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+objpath() {
+    echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|'
+}
+
+objck() {
+	p=$(objpath "$1")
+	if test ! -f "$REAL/objects/$p"
+	then
+		echo "Object not found: $REAL/objects/$p"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success 'initial setup' '
+	REAL="$(pwd)/.real" &&
+	mv .git "$REAL"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bad setup: invalid .git file format' '
+	echo "gitdir $REAL" >.git &&
+	if git rev-parse 2>.err
+	then
+		echo "git rev-parse accepted an invalid .git file"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	if ! grep "Invalid gitfile format" .err
+	then
+		echo "git rev-parse returned wrong error"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bad setup: invalid .git file path' '
+	echo "gitdir: $REAL.not" >.git &&
+	if git rev-parse 2>.err
+	then
+		echo "git rev-parse accepted an invalid .git file path"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	if ! grep "Not a git repository" .err
+	then
+		echo "git rev-parse returned wrong error"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final setup + check rev-parse --git-dir' '
+	echo "gitdir: $REAL" >.git &&
+	test "$REAL" = "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check hash-object' '
+	echo "foo" >bar &&
+	SHA=$(cat bar | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	objck $SHA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check cat-file' '
+	git cat-file blob $SHA >actual &&
+	test_cmp bar actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check update-index' '
+	if test -f "$REAL/index"
+	then
+		echo "Hmm, $REAL/index exists?"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	rm -f "$REAL/objects/$(objpath $SHA)" &&
+	git update-index --add bar &&
+	if ! test -f "$REAL/index"
+	then
+		echo "$REAL/index not found"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	objck $SHA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check write-tree' '
+	SHA=$(git write-tree) &&
+	objck $SHA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check commit-tree' '
+	SHA=$(echo "commit bar" | git commit-tree $SHA) &&
+	objck $SHA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check rev-list' '
+	echo $SHA >"$REAL/HEAD" &&
+	test "$SHA" = "$(git rev-list HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1c77192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=gitattributes
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+attr_check () {
+
+	path="$1"
+	expect="$2"
+
+	git check-attr test -- "$path" >actual &&
+	echo "$path: test: $2" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p a/b/d a/c &&
+	(
+		echo "f	test=f"
+		echo "a/i test=a/i"
+	) >.gitattributes &&
+	(
+		echo "g test=a/g" &&
+		echo "b/g test=a/b/g"
+	) >a/.gitattributes &&
+	(
+		echo "h test=a/b/h" &&
+		echo "d/* test=a/b/d/*"
+	) >a/b/.gitattributes
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attribute test' '
+
+	attr_check f f &&
+	attr_check a/f f &&
+	attr_check a/c/f f &&
+	attr_check a/g a/g &&
+	attr_check a/b/g a/b/g &&
+	attr_check b/g unspecified &&
+	attr_check a/b/h a/b/h &&
+	attr_check a/b/d/g "a/b/d/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attribute test: read paths from stdin' '
+
+	cat <<EOF > expect
+f: test: f
+a/f: test: f
+a/c/f: test: f
+a/g: test: a/g
+a/b/g: test: a/b/g
+b/g: test: unspecified
+a/b/h: test: a/b/h
+a/b/d/g: test: a/b/d/*
+EOF
+
+	sed -e "s/:.*//" < expect | git check-attr --stdin test > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root subdir attribute test' '
+
+	attr_check a/i a/i &&
+	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
+
+	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+	cd bare.git
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bare repository: check that .gitattribute is ignored' '
+
+	(
+		echo "f	test=f"
+		echo "a/i test=a/i"
+	) >.gitattributes &&
+	attr_check f unspecified &&
+	attr_check a/f unspecified &&
+	attr_check a/c/f unspecified &&
+	attr_check a/i unspecified &&
+	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bare repository: test info/attributes' '
+
+	(
+		echo "f	test=f"
+		echo "a/i test=a/i"
+	) >info/attributes &&
+	attr_check f f &&
+	attr_check a/f f &&
+	attr_check a/c/f f &&
+	attr_check a/i a/i &&
+	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0004-unwritable.sh b/t/t0004-unwritable.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2342ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0004-unwritable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='detect unwritable repository and fail correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo >file &&
+	git add file
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'write-tree should notice unwritable repository' '
+
+	(
+		chmod a-w .git/objects .git/objects/?? &&
+		test_must_fail git write-tree
+	)
+	status=$?
+	chmod 775 .git/objects .git/objects/??
+	(exit $status)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'commit should notice unwritable repository' '
+
+	(
+		chmod a-w .git/objects .git/objects/?? &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -m second
+	)
+	status=$?
+	chmod 775 .git/objects .git/objects/??
+	(exit $status)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'update-index should notice unwritable repository' '
+
+	(
+		echo 6O >file &&
+		chmod a-w .git/objects .git/objects/?? &&
+		test_must_fail git update-index file
+	)
+	status=$?
+	chmod 775 .git/objects .git/objects/??
+	(exit $status)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'add should notice unwritable repository' '
+
+	(
+		echo b >file &&
+		chmod a-w .git/objects .git/objects/?? &&
+		test_must_fail git add file
+	)
+	status=$?
+	chmod 775 .git/objects .git/objects/??
+	(exit $status)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0005-signals.sh b/t/t0005-signals.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09f855a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0005-signals.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='signals work as we expect'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+three
+two
+one
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'sigchain works' '
+	test-sigchain >actual
+	case "$?" in
+	143) true ;; # POSIX w/ SIGTERM=15
+	  3) true ;; # Windows
+	  *) false ;;
+	esac &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0006-date.sh b/t/t0006-date.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..75b02af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0006-date.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test date parsing and printing'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# arbitrary reference time: 2009-08-30 19:20:00
+TEST_DATE_NOW=1251660000; export TEST_DATE_NOW
+
+check_show() {
+	t=$(($TEST_DATE_NOW - $1))
+	echo "$t -> $2" >expect
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "relative date ($2)" "
+	test-date show $t >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	"
+}
+
+check_show 5 '5 seconds ago'
+check_show 300 '5 minutes ago'
+check_show 18000 '5 hours ago'
+check_show 432000 '5 days ago'
+check_show 1728000 '3 weeks ago'
+check_show 13000000 '5 months ago'
+check_show 37500000 '1 year, 2 months ago'
+check_show 55188000 '1 year, 9 months ago'
+check_show 630000000 '20 years ago'
+check_show 31449600 '12 months ago'
+
+check_parse() {
+	echo "$1 -> $2" >expect
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "parse date ($1)" "
+	test-date parse '$1' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	"
+}
+
+check_parse 2008 bad
+check_parse 2008-02 bad
+check_parse 2008-02-14 bad
+check_parse '2008-02-14 20:30:45' '2008-02-14 20:30:45 +0000'
+
+check_approxidate() {
+	echo "$1 -> $2 +0000" >expect
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "parse approxidate ($1)" "
+	test-date approxidate '$1' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	"
+}
+
+check_approxidate now '2009-08-30 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate '5 seconds ago' '2009-08-30 19:19:55'
+check_approxidate 5.seconds.ago '2009-08-30 19:19:55'
+check_approxidate 10.minutes.ago '2009-08-30 19:10:00'
+check_approxidate yesterday '2009-08-29 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate 3.days.ago '2009-08-27 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate 3.weeks.ago '2009-08-09 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate 3.months.ago '2009-05-30 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate 2.years.3.months.ago '2007-05-30 19:20:00'
+
+check_approxidate '6am yesterday' '2009-08-29 06:00:00'
+check_approxidate '6pm yesterday' '2009-08-29 18:00:00'
+check_approxidate '3:00' '2009-08-30 03:00:00'
+check_approxidate '15:00' '2009-08-30 15:00:00'
+check_approxidate 'noon today' '2009-08-30 12:00:00'
+check_approxidate 'noon yesterday' '2009-08-29 12:00:00'
+
+check_approxidate 'last tuesday' '2009-08-25 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate 'July 5th' '2009-07-05 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate '06/05/2009' '2009-06-05 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate '06.05.2009' '2009-05-06 19:20:00'
+
+check_approxidate 'Jun 6, 5AM' '2009-06-06 05:00:00'
+check_approxidate '5AM Jun 6' '2009-06-06 05:00:00'
+check_approxidate '6AM, June 7, 2009' '2009-06-07 06:00:00'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e45a9e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='racy GIT'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# This test can give false success if your machine is sufficiently
+# slow or your trial happened to happen on second boundary.
+
+for trial in 0 1 2 3 4
+do
+	rm -f .git/index
+	echo frotz >infocom
+	git update-index --add infocom
+	echo xyzzy >infocom
+
+	files=`git diff-files -p`
+	test_expect_success \
+	"Racy GIT trial #$trial part A" \
+	'test "" != "$files"'
+
+	sleep 1
+	echo xyzzy >cornerstone
+	git update-index --add cornerstone
+
+	files=`git diff-files -p`
+	test_expect_success \
+	"Racy GIT trial #$trial part B" \
+	'test "" != "$files"'
+
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c3e7e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='CRLF conversion'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+has_cr() {
+	tr '\015' Q <"$1" | grep Q >/dev/null
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf false &&
+
+	for w in Hello world how are you; do echo $w; done >one &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	for w in I am very very fine thank you; do echo $w; done >dir/two &&
+	for w in Oh here is NULQin text here; do echo $w; done | q_to_nul >three &&
+	git add . &&
+
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
+	dir=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir` &&
+	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two` &&
+	three=`git rev-parse HEAD:three` &&
+
+	for w in Some extra lines here; do echo $w; done >>one &&
+	git diff >patch.file &&
+	patched=`git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	echo happy.
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: autocrlf=input, all CRLF' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+
+	for w in I am all CRLF; do echo $w; done | append_cr >allcrlf &&
+	test_must_fail git add allcrlf
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: autocrlf=input, mixed LF/CRLF' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+
+	for w in Oh here is CRLFQ in text; do echo $w; done | q_to_cr >mixed &&
+	test_must_fail git add mixed
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: autocrlf=true, all LF' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+
+	for w in I am all LF; do echo $w; done >alllf &&
+	test_must_fail git add alllf
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: autocrlf=true mixed LF/CRLF' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+
+	for w in Oh here is CRLFQ in text; do echo $w; done | q_to_cr >mixed &&
+	test_must_fail git add mixed
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: print warning only once' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf warn &&
+
+	for w in I am all LF; do echo $w; done >doublewarn &&
+	git add doublewarn &&
+	git commit -m "nowarn" &&
+	for w in Oh here is CRLFQ in text; do echo $w; done | q_to_cr >doublewarn &&
+	test $(git add doublewarn 2>&1 | grep "CRLF will be replaced by LF" | wc -l) = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch off autocrlf, safecrlf, reset HEAD' '
+	git config core.autocrlf false &&
+	git config core.safecrlf false &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update with autocrlf=input' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+
+	for f in one dir/two
+	do
+		append_cr <$f >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
+		git update-index -- $f || {
+			echo Oops
+			false
+			break
+		}
+	done &&
+
+	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
+	test -z "$differs" || {
+		echo Oops "$differs"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update with autocrlf=true' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+
+	for f in one dir/two
+	do
+		append_cr <$f >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
+		git update-index -- $f || {
+			echo "Oops $f"
+			false
+			break
+		}
+	done &&
+
+	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
+	test -z "$differs" || {
+		echo Oops "$differs"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=true' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	for f in one dir/two
+	do
+		remove_cr <"$f" >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
+		git update-index -- $f || {
+			echo "Eh? $f"
+			false
+			break
+		}
+	done &&
+	test "$one" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
+	test "$two" = `git hash-object --stdin <dir/two` &&
+	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
+	test -z "$differs" || {
+		echo Oops "$differs"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=input' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	for f in one dir/two
+	do
+		if has_cr "$f"
+		then
+			echo "Eh? $f"
+			false
+			break
+		else
+			git update-index -- $f
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test "$one" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
+	test "$two" = `git hash-object --stdin <dir/two` &&
+	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
+	test -z "$differs" || {
+		echo Oops "$differs"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=input)' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	git apply patch.file &&
+	test "$patched" = "`git hash-object --stdin <one`" || {
+		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=input)' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	git apply --cached patch.file &&
+	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` || {
+		echo "Eh?  apply with --cached"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=input)' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	git apply --index patch.file &&
+	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` &&
+	test "$patched" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` || {
+		echo "Eh?  apply with --index"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=true)' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	git apply patch.file &&
+	test "$patched" = "`remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin`" || {
+		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=true)' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	git apply --cached patch.file &&
+	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` || {
+		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=true)' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	git apply --index patch.file &&
+	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` &&
+	test "$patched" = "`remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin`" || {
+		echo "Eh?  apply with --index"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is binary' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	echo "two -crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	if has_cr dir/two
+	then
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi &&
+
+	if has_cr one
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	fi &&
+
+	if has_cr three
+	then
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is input' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	echo "two crlf=input" >.gitattributes &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	if has_cr dir/two
+	then
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two and three are text' '
+
+	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
+	echo "t* crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	if has_cr dir/two
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	fi &&
+
+	if has_cr three
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (1)' '
+
+	echo "one -crlf" >>.gitattributes &&
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	git commit -m "Add .gitattributes" &&
+
+	rm -rf tmp one dir .gitattributes patch.file three &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+
+	if has_cr one
+	then
+		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi &&
+	has_cr three || {
+		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (2)' '
+
+	rm -rf tmp one dir .gitattributes patch.file three &&
+	git read-tree --reset HEAD &&
+	git checkout-index -f -q -u -a &&
+
+	if has_cr one
+	then
+		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi &&
+	has_cr three || {
+		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (3)' '
+
+	rm -rf tmp one dir .gitattributes patch.file three &&
+	git read-tree --reset HEAD &&
+	git checkout-index -u .gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index -u one dir/two three &&
+
+	if has_cr one
+	then
+		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi &&
+	has_cr three || {
+		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (4)' '
+
+	rm -rf tmp one dir .gitattributes patch.file three &&
+	git read-tree --reset HEAD &&
+	git checkout-index -u one dir/two three &&
+	git checkout-index -u .gitattributes &&
+
+	if has_cr one
+	then
+		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi &&
+	has_cr three || {
+		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with existing .gitattributes' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git config --unset core.safecrlf &&
+	echo ".file2 -crlfQ" | q_to_cr >> .gitattributes &&
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo ".file -crlfQ" | q_to_cr >> .gitattributes &&
+	echo "contents" > .file &&
+	git add .gitattributes .file &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+
+	git checkout master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = ""
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout when deleting .gitattributes' '
+
+	git rm .gitattributes &&
+	echo "contentsQ" | q_to_cr > .file2 &&
+	git add .file2 &&
+	git commit -m third
+
+	git checkout master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	has_cr .file2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid .gitattributes (must not crash)' '
+
+	echo "three +crlf" >>.gitattributes &&
+	git diff
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0021-conversion.sh b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6cb8d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='blob conversion via gitattributes'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat <<EOF >rot13.sh
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+tr \
+  'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' \
+  'nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM'
+EOF
+chmod +x rot13.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config filter.rot13.smudge ./rot13.sh &&
+	git config filter.rot13.clean ./rot13.sh &&
+
+	{
+	    echo "*.t filter=rot13"
+	    echo "*.i ident"
+	} >.gitattributes &&
+
+	{
+	    echo a b c d e f g h i j k l m
+	    echo n o p q r s t u v w x y z
+	    echo '\''$Id$'\''
+	} >test &&
+	cat test >test.t &&
+	cat test >test.o &&
+	cat test >test.i &&
+	git add test test.t test.i &&
+	rm -f test test.t test.i &&
+	git checkout -- test test.t test.i
+'
+
+script='s/^\$Id: \([0-9a-f]*\) \$/\1/p'
+
+test_expect_success check '
+
+	cmp test.o test &&
+	cmp test.o test.t &&
+
+	# ident should be stripped in the repository
+	git diff --raw --exit-code :test :test.i &&
+	id=$(git rev-parse --verify :test) &&
+	embedded=$(sed -ne "$script" test.i) &&
+	test "z$id" = "z$embedded" &&
+
+	git cat-file blob :test.t > test.r &&
+
+	./rot13.sh < test.o > test.t &&
+	cmp test.r test.t
+'
+
+# If an expanded ident ever gets into the repository, we want to make sure that
+# it is collapsed before being expanded again on checkout
+test_expect_success expanded_in_repo '
+	{
+		echo "File with expanded keywords"
+		echo "\$Id\$"
+		echo "\$Id:\$"
+		echo "\$Id: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \$"
+		echo "\$Id: NoSpaceAtEnd\$"
+		echo "\$Id:NoSpaceAtFront \$"
+		echo "\$Id:NoSpaceAtEitherEnd\$"
+		echo "\$Id: NoTerminatingSymbol"
+	} > expanded-keywords &&
+
+	{
+		echo "File with expanded keywords"
+		echo "\$Id: 4f21723e7b15065df7de95bd46c8ba6fb1818f4c \$"
+		echo "\$Id: 4f21723e7b15065df7de95bd46c8ba6fb1818f4c \$"
+		echo "\$Id: 4f21723e7b15065df7de95bd46c8ba6fb1818f4c \$"
+		echo "\$Id: 4f21723e7b15065df7de95bd46c8ba6fb1818f4c \$"
+		echo "\$Id: 4f21723e7b15065df7de95bd46c8ba6fb1818f4c \$"
+		echo "\$Id: 4f21723e7b15065df7de95bd46c8ba6fb1818f4c \$"
+		echo "\$Id: NoTerminatingSymbol"
+	} > expected-output &&
+
+	git add expanded-keywords &&
+	git commit -m "File with keywords expanded" &&
+
+	echo "expanded-keywords ident" >> .gitattributes &&
+
+	rm -f expanded-keywords &&
+	git checkout -- expanded-keywords &&
+	cat expanded-keywords &&
+	cmp expanded-keywords expected-output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0022-crlf-rename.sh b/t/t0022-crlf-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7af3fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0022-crlf-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ignore CR in CRLF sequence while computing similiarity'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0022-crlf-rename.sh >sample &&
+	git add sample &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+
+	append_cr <"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0022-crlf-rename.sh >elpmas &&
+	git add elpmas &&
+	rm -f sample &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff -M' '
+
+	git diff-tree -M -r --name-status HEAD^ HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/R[0-9]*/RNUM/" >actual &&
+	echo "RNUM	sample	elpmas" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh b/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aaed725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test am with auto.crlf'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >patchfile <<\EOF
+From 38be10072e45dd6b08ce40851e3fca60a31a340b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Marius Storm-Olsen <x@y.com>
+Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2007 13:00:00 +0200
+Subject: test1
+
+---
+ foo |    1 +
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 foo
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5716ca5987cbf97d6bb54920bea6adde242d87e6
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++bar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	echo foo >bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am' '
+
+	git am -3 <patchfile &&
+	git diff-files --name-status --exit-code
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c7d0324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='respect crlf in git archive'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	git config core.autocrlf true
+
+	printf "CRLF line ending\r\nAnd another\r\n" > sample &&
+	git add sample &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive' '
+
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD |
+	( mkdir untarred && cd untarred && "$TAR" -xf - )
+
+	test_cmp sample untarred/sample
+
+'
+
+"$UNZIP" -v >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
+	say "Skipping ZIP test, because unzip was not found"
+else
+	test_set_prereq UNZIP
+fi
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive' '
+
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >test.zip &&
+
+	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && unzip ../test.zip ) &&
+
+	test_cmp sample unzipped/sample
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ccb0a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Carlos Rica
+#
+
+test_description='git stripspace'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+t40='A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy do'
+s40='                                        '
+sss="$s40$s40$s40$s40$s40$s40$s40$s40$s40$s40" # 400
+ttt="$t40$t40$t40$t40$t40$t40$t40$t40$t40$t40" # 400
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'long lines without spaces should be unchanged' '
+    echo "$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'lines with spaces at the beginning should be unchanged' '
+    echo "$sss$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$sss$sss$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$sss$sss$sss$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'lines with intermediate spaces should be unchanged' '
+    echo "$ttt$sss$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$sss$sss$ttt" >expect &&
+    git stripspace <expect >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'consecutive blank lines should be unified' '
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\n\n\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\n\n\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n\n\n\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\n\n\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\n\n\n\n$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\n\n\n\n$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\t\n \n\n  \t\t\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\t\n \n\n  \t\t\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n\t\n \n\n  \t\t\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\t\n \n\n  \t\t\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\t\n \n\n  \t\t\n$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\t\n \n\n  \t\t\n$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'only consecutive blank lines should be completely removed' '
+    > expect &&
+
+    printf "\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss\n$sss\n$sss\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss\n$sss\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n$sss\n$sss$sss\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n$sss$sss$sss$sss\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n\n$sss$sss$sss$sss\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'consecutive blank lines at the beginning should be removed' '
+    printf "$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "\n\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "\n\n\n$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "\n\n\n$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "\n\n\n$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n" > expect &&
+
+    printf "$sss\n$sss\n$sss\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n$sss\n$sss$sss\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss\n$sss\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss$sss\n\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n$sss$sss$sss\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "\n\n$sss$sss$sss\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'consecutive blank lines at the end should be removed' '
+    printf "$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" > expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt\n\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n" > expect &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$sss\n$sss\n$sss\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$sss\n$sss$sss\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$sss$sss\n$sss\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$sss$sss$sss\n\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n$sss$sss$sss\n\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n\n\n$sss$sss$sss\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'text without newline at end should end with newline' '
+    test `printf "$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0
+'
+
+# text plus spaces at the end:
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'text plus spaces without newline at end should end with newline' '
+    test `printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
+    test `printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'text plus spaces without newline at end should not show spaces' '
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'text plus spaces without newline should show the correct lines' '
+    printf "$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'text plus spaces at end should not show spaces' '
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'text plus spaces at end should be cleaned and newline must remain' '
+    echo "$ttt" >expect &&
+    echo "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt" >expect &&
+    echo "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt" >expect &&
+    echo "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$ttt" >expect &&
+    echo "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$ttt" >expect &&
+    echo "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt" >expect &&
+    echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# spaces only:
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'spaces with newline at end should be replaced with empty string' '
+    printf "" >expect &&
+
+    echo | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    echo "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'spaces without newline at end should not show spaces' '
+    ! (printf "" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'spaces without newline at end should be replaced with empty string' '
+    printf "" >expect &&
+
+    printf "" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'consecutive text lines should be unchanged' '
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt\n$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt\n$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt\n\n$ttt$ttt\n$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt\n\n$ttt$ttt\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" >expect &&
+    printf "$ttt\n$ttt$ttt\n\n$ttt\n" | git stripspace >actual &&
+    test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strip comments, too' '
+	test ! -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace)" &&
+	test -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace -s)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3d450ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='our own option parser'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat > expect.err << EOF
+usage: test-parse-options <options>
+
+    -b, --boolean         get a boolean
+    -4, --or4             bitwise-or boolean with ...0100
+    --neg-or4             same as --no-or4
+
+    -i, --integer <n>     get a integer
+    -j <n>                get a integer, too
+    --set23               set integer to 23
+    -t <time>             get timestamp of <time>
+    -L, --length <str>    get length of <str>
+    -F, --file <FILE>     set file to <FILE>
+
+String options
+    -s, --string <string>
+                          get a string
+    --string2 <str>       get another string
+    --st <st>             get another string (pervert ordering)
+    -o <str>              get another string
+    --default-string      set string to default
+
+Magic arguments
+    --quux                means --quux
+    -NUM                  set integer to NUM
+    +                     same as -b
+    --ambiguous           positive ambiguity
+    --no-ambiguous        negative ambiguity
+
+Standard options
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
+    -v, --verbose         be verbose
+    -n, --dry-run         dry run
+    -q, --quiet           be quiet
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test help' '
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output &&
+	test_cmp expect.err output.err
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+boolean: 2
+integer: 1729
+timestamp: 0
+string: 123
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 2
+quiet: no
+dry run: yes
+file: prefix/my.file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'short options' '
+	test-parse-options -s123 -b -i 1729 -b -vv -n -F my.file \
+	> output 2> output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	test ! -s output.err
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+boolean: 2
+integer: 1729
+timestamp: 0
+string: 321
+abbrev: 10
+verbose: 2
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: prefix/fi.le
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'long options' '
+	test-parse-options --boolean --integer 1729 --boolean --string2=321 \
+		--verbose --verbose --no-dry-run --abbrev=10 --file fi.le\
+		> output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'missing required value' '
+	test-parse-options -s;
+	test $? = 129 &&
+	test-parse-options --string;
+	test $? = 129 &&
+	test-parse-options --file;
+	test $? = 129
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+boolean: 1
+integer: 13
+timestamp: 0
+string: 123
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+arg 00: a1
+arg 01: b1
+arg 02: --boolean
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'intermingled arguments' '
+	test-parse-options a1 --string 123 b1 --boolean -j 13 -- --boolean \
+		> output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 2
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option' '
+	test-parse-options --int 2 --boolean --no-bo > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option with "="' '
+	test-parse-options --int=2 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguously abbreviated option' '
+	test-parse-options --strin 123;
+	test $? = 129
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: 123
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'non ambiguous option (after two options it abbreviates)' '
+	test-parse-options --st 123 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > typo.err << EOF
+error: did you mean \`--boolean\` (with two dashes ?)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options -boolean > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output &&
+	test_cmp typo.err output.err
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+arg 00: --quux
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'keep some options as arguments' '
+	test-parse-options --quux > output 2> output.err &&
+        test ! -s output.err &&
+        test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+timestamp: 1
+string: default
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: yes
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+arg 00: foo
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() and OPT_SET_PTR() work' '
+	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" --default-string \
+		foo -q > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+Callback: "four", 0
+boolean: 5
+integer: 4
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and OPT_BIT() work' '
+	test-parse-options --length=four -b -4 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+Callback: "not set", 1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and callback errors work' '
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options --no-length > output 2> output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	test_cmp expect.err output.err
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+boolean: 1
+integer: 23
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
+	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --no-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
+	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+boolean: 6
+integer: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() works' '
+	test-parse-options -bb --or4 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() works' '
+	test-parse-options -bb --no-neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOLEAN() with PARSE_OPT_NODASH works' '
+	test-parse-options + + + + + + > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 12345
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK() works' '
+	test-parse-options -12345 > output 2> output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+boolean: 0
+integer: 0
+timestamp: 0
+string: (not set)
+abbrev: 7
+verbose: 0
+quiet: no
+dry run: no
+file: (not set)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'negation of OPT_NONEG flags is not ambiguous' '
+	test-parse-options --no-ambig >output 2>output.err &&
+	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..89282cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Various filesystem issues'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+auml=`printf '\xc3\xa4'`
+aumlcdiar=`printf '\x61\xcc\x88'`
+
+case_insensitive=
+unibad=
+no_symlinks=
+test_expect_success 'see what we expect' '
+
+	test_case=test_expect_success
+	test_unicode=test_expect_success
+	mkdir junk &&
+	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
+	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
+	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
+	then
+		test_case=test_expect_failure
+		case_insensitive=t
+	fi &&
+	rm -fr junk &&
+	mkdir junk &&
+	>junk/"$auml" &&
+	case "$(cd junk && echo *)" in
+	"$aumlcdiar")
+		test_unicode=test_expect_failure
+		unibad=t
+		;;
+	*)	;;
+	esac &&
+	rm -fr junk &&
+	{
+		ln -s x y 2> /dev/null &&
+		test -h y 2> /dev/null ||
+		no_symlinks=1
+		rm -f y
+	}
+'
+
+test "$case_insensitive" &&
+	say "will test on a case insensitive filesystem"
+test "$unibad" &&
+	say "will test on a unicode corrupting filesystem"
+test "$no_symlinks" &&
+	say "will test on a filesystem lacking symbolic links"
+
+if test "$case_insensitive"
+then
+test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
+
+	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = true
+'
+else
+test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
+
+	test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
+	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
+'
+fi
+
+if test "$no_symlinks"
+then
+test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
+
+	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
+	test "$v" = false
+'
+else
+test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
+
+	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
+	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
+'
+fi
+
+test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
+
+	git config core.ignorecase true &&
+	touch camelcase &&
+	git add camelcase &&
+	git commit -m "initial" &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	git mv camelcase tmp &&
+	git mv tmp CamelCase &&
+	git commit -m "rename" &&
+	git checkout -f master
+
+'
+
+$test_case 'rename (case change)' '
+
+	git mv camelcase CamelCase &&
+	git commit -m "rename"
+
+'
+
+$test_case 'merge (case change)' '
+
+	rm -f CamelCase &&
+	rm -f camelcase &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge topic
+
+'
+
+$test_case 'add (with different case)' '
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm camelcase &&
+	echo 1 >CamelCase &&
+	git add CamelCase &&
+	test $(git ls-files | grep -i camelcase | wc -l) = 1
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "setup unicode normalization tests" '
+
+  test_create_repo unicode &&
+  cd unicode &&
+  touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
+  git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
+  git commit -m initial
+  git tag initial &&
+  git checkout -b topic &&
+  git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
+  git mv tmp "$auml" &&
+  git commit -m rename &&
+  git checkout -f master
+
+'
+
+$test_unicode 'rename (silent unicode normalization)' '
+
+ git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
+ git commit -m rename
+
+'
+
+$test_unicode 'merge (silent unicode normalization)' '
+
+ git reset --hard initial &&
+ git merge topic
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0055-beyond-symlinks.sh b/t/t0055-beyond-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0c6ff56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0055-beyond-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='update-index and add refuse to add beyond symlinks'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+	>a &&
+	mkdir b &&
+	ln -s b c &&
+	>c/d &&
+	git update-index --add a b/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'update-index --add beyond symlinks' '
+	test_must_fail git update-index --add c/d &&
+	! ( git ls-files | grep c/d )
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'add beyond symlinks' '
+	test_must_fail git add c/d &&
+	! ( git ls-files | grep c/d )
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..53cf1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 David Reiss
+#
+
+test_description='Test various path utilities'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+norm_path() {
+	test_expect_success $3 "normalize path: $1 => $2" \
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$2'"
+}
+
+# On Windows, we are using MSYS's bash, which mangles the paths.
+# Absolute paths are anchored at the MSYS installation directory,
+# which means that the path / accounts for this many characters:
+rootoff=$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy / | wc -c)
+# Account for the trailing LF:
+if test $rootoff = 2; then
+	rootoff=	# we are on Unix
+else
+	rootoff=$(($rootoff-1))
+fi
+
+ancestor() {
+	# We do some math with the expected ancestor length.
+	expected=$3
+	if test -n "$rootoff" && test "x$expected" != x-1; then
+		expected=$(($expected+$rootoff))
+	fi
+	test_expect_success "longest ancestor: $1 $2 => $expected" \
+	"actual=\$(test-path-utils longest_ancestor_length '$1' '$2') &&
+	 test \"\$actual\" = '$expected'"
+}
+
+# Absolute path tests must be skipped on Windows because due to path mangling
+# the test program never sees a POSIX-style absolute path
+case $(uname -s) in
+*MINGW*)
+	;;
+*)
+	test_set_prereq POSIX
+	;;
+esac
+
+norm_path "" ""
+norm_path . ""
+norm_path ./ ""
+norm_path ./. ""
+norm_path ./.. ++failed++
+norm_path ../. ++failed++
+norm_path ./../.// ++failed++
+norm_path dir/.. ""
+norm_path dir/sub/../.. ""
+norm_path dir/sub/../../.. ++failed++
+norm_path dir dir
+norm_path dir// dir/
+norm_path ./dir dir
+norm_path dir/. dir/
+norm_path dir///./ dir/
+norm_path dir//sub/.. dir/
+norm_path dir/sub/../ dir/
+norm_path dir/sub/../. dir/
+norm_path dir/s1/../s2/ dir/s2/
+norm_path d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ d1/s3/
+norm_path d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 d2
+norm_path d1/.../d2 d1/.../d2
+norm_path d1/..././../d2 d1/d2
+
+norm_path / / POSIX
+norm_path // / POSIX
+norm_path /// / POSIX
+norm_path /. / POSIX
+norm_path /./ / POSIX
+norm_path /./.. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /../. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /./../.// ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /dir/.. / POSIX
+norm_path /dir/sub/../.. / POSIX
+norm_path /dir/sub/../../.. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /dir /dir POSIX
+norm_path /dir// /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /./dir /dir POSIX
+norm_path /dir/. /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir///./ /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path //dir/sub/../. /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/ POSIX
+norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/ POSIX
+norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2 POSIX
+norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2 POSIX
+norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2 POSIX
+
+ancestor / "" -1
+ancestor / / -1
+ancestor /foo "" -1
+ancestor /foo : -1
+ancestor /foo ::. -1
+ancestor /foo ::..:: -1
+ancestor /foo / 0
+ancestor /foo /fo -1
+ancestor /foo /foo -1
+ancestor /foo /foo/ -1
+ancestor /foo /bar -1
+ancestor /foo /bar/ -1
+ancestor /foo /foo/bar -1
+ancestor /foo /foo:/bar/ -1
+ancestor /foo /foo/:/bar/ -1
+ancestor /foo /foo::/bar/ -1
+ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar/ 0
+ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar/ 0
+ancestor /foo /:/bar/:/foo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar "" -1
+ancestor /foo/bar / 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar foo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ba -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/foo/ba 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar/ -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo: -1
+ancestor /foo/bar :/fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar/ 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar/ 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar/ 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/ 0
+ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/. 4
+ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/.:.: 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo/./:.:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar .:/bar -1
+
+test_expect_success 'strip_path_suffix' '
+	test c:/msysgit = $(test-path-utils strip_path_suffix \
+		c:/msysgit/libexec//git-core libexec/git-core)
+'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0061-run-command.sh b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..10b26e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Ilari Liusvaara
+#
+
+test_description='Test run command'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start_command reports ENOENT' '
+	test-run-command start-command-ENOENT ./does-not-exist
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..680d7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check that the most basic functions work
+
+
+Verify wrappers and compatibility functions.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'character classes (isspace, isalpha etc.)' '
+	test-ctype
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0100-previous.sh b/t/t0100-previous.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..315b9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0100-previous.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='previous branch syntax @{-n}'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d @{-1}' '
+	test_commit A &&
+	git checkout -b junk &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	git branch -d @{-1} &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/junk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d @{-12} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
+	git checkout -b junk2 &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -d @{-12} &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
+	git checkout A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git checkout A &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git branch -f master B &&
+	git branch -f other &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge @{-1} &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	git branch -f other C &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_must_fail git merge @{-12}
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t0101-at-syntax.sh b/t/t0101-at-syntax.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a1998b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0101-at-syntax.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='various @{whatever} syntax tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two
+'
+
+check_at() {
+	echo "$2" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%s "$1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success '@{0} shows current' '
+	check_at @{0} two
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{1} shows old' '
+	check_at @{1} one
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{now} shows current' '
+	check_at @{now} two
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{2001-09-17} (before the first commit) shows old' '
+	check_at @{2001-09-17} one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'silly approxidates work' '
+	check_at @{3.hot.dogs.on.2001-09-17} one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notice misspelled upstream' '
+	test_must_fail git log -1 --format=%s @{usptream}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complain about total nonsense' '
+	test_must_fail git log -1 --format=%s @{utter.bogosity}
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4f17172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Three way merge with read-tree -m
+
+This test tries three-way merge with read-tree -m
+
+There is one ancestor (called O for Original) and two branches A
+and B derived from it.  We want to do a 3-way merge between A and
+B, using O as the common ancestor.
+
+    merge A O B
+
+Decisions are made by comparing contents of O, A and B pathname
+by pathname.  The result is determined by the following guiding
+principle:
+
+ - If only A does something to it and B does not touch it, take
+   whatever A does.
+
+ - If only B does something to it and A does not touch it, take
+   whatever B does.
+
+ - If both A and B does something but in the same way, take
+   whatever they do.
+
+ - If A and B does something but different things, we need a
+   3-way merge:
+
+   - We cannot do anything about the following cases:
+
+     * O does not have it.  A and B both must be adding to the
+       same path independently.
+
+     * A deletes it.  B must be modifying.
+
+   - Otherwise, A and B are modifying.  Run 3-way merge.
+
+First, the case matrix.
+
+ - Vertical axis is for A'\''s actions.
+ - Horizontal axis is for B'\''s actions.
+
+.----------------------------------------------------------------.
+| A        B | No Action  |   Delete   |   Modify   |    Add     |
+|------------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
+| No Action  |            |            |            |            |
+|            | select O   | delete     | select B   | select B   |
+|            |            |            |            |            |
+|------------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
+| Delete     |            |            | ********** |    can     |
+|            | delete     | delete     | merge      |    not     |
+|            |            |            |            |  happen    |
+|------------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
+| Modify     |            | ********** | ?????????? |    can     |
+|            | select A   | merge      | select A=B |    not     |
+|            |            |            | merge      |  happen    |
+|------------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
+| Add        |            |    can     |    can     | ?????????? |
+|            | select A   |    not     |    not     | select A=B |
+|            |            |  happen    |  happen    | merge      |
+.----------------------------------------------------------------.
+
+In addition:
+
+ SS: a special case of MM, where A and B makes the same modification.
+ LL: a special case of AA, where A and B creates the same file.
+ TT: a special case of MM, where A and B makes mergeable changes.
+ DF: a special case, where A makes a directory and B makes a file.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-read-tree-m-3way.sh
+
+################################################################
+# Trivial "majority when 3 stages exist" merge plus #2ALT, #3ALT
+# and #5ALT trivial merges.
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+100644 X 2	AA
+100644 X 3	AA
+100644 X 0	AN
+100644 X 1	DD
+100644 X 3	DF
+100644 X 2	DF/DF
+100644 X 1	DM
+100644 X 3	DM
+100644 X 1	DN
+100644 X 3	DN
+100644 X 0	LL
+100644 X 1	MD
+100644 X 2	MD
+100644 X 1	MM
+100644 X 2	MM
+100644 X 3	MM
+100644 X 0	MN
+100644 X 0	NA
+100644 X 1	ND
+100644 X 2	ND
+100644 X 0	NM
+100644 X 0	NN
+100644 X 0	SS
+100644 X 1	TT
+100644 X 2	TT
+100644 X 3	TT
+100644 X 2	Z/AA
+100644 X 3	Z/AA
+100644 X 0	Z/AN
+100644 X 1	Z/DD
+100644 X 1	Z/DM
+100644 X 3	Z/DM
+100644 X 1	Z/DN
+100644 X 3	Z/DN
+100644 X 1	Z/MD
+100644 X 2	Z/MD
+100644 X 1	Z/MM
+100644 X 2	Z/MM
+100644 X 3	Z/MM
+100644 X 0	Z/MN
+100644 X 0	Z/NA
+100644 X 1	Z/ND
+100644 X 2	Z/ND
+100644 X 0	Z/NM
+100644 X 0	Z/NN
+EOF
+
+check_result () {
+    git ls-files --stage | sed -e 's/ '"$_x40"' / X /' >current &&
+    test_cmp expected current
+}
+
+# This is done on an empty work directory, which is the normal
+# merge person behaviour.
+test_expect_success \
+    '3-way merge with git read-tree -m, empty cache' \
+    "rm -fr [NDMALTS][NDMALTSF] Z &&
+     rm .git/index &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+# This starts out with the first head, which is the normal
+# patch submitter behaviour.
+test_expect_success \
+    '3-way merge with git read-tree -m, match H' \
+    "rm -fr [NDMALTS][NDMALTSF] Z &&
+     rm .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $tree_A &&
+     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+: <<\END_OF_CASE_TABLE
+
+We have so far tested only empty index and clean-and-matching-A index
+case which are trivial.  Make sure index requirements are also
+checked.
+
+"git read-tree -m O A B"
+
+     O       A       B         result      index requirements
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+  1  missing missing missing   -           must not exist.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  2  missing missing exists    take B*     must match B, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  3  missing exists  missing   take A*     must match A, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  4  missing exists  A!=B      no merge    must match A and be
+                                           up-to-date, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  5  missing exists  A==B      take A      must match A, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  6  exists  missing missing   remove      must not exist.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  7  exists  missing O!=B      no merge    must not exist.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  8  exists  missing O==B      remove      must not exist.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+  9  exists  O!=A    missing   no merge    must match A and be
+                                           up-to-date, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 10  exists  O==A    missing   no merge    must match A
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 11  exists  O!=A    O!=B      no merge    must match A and be
+                     A!=B                  up-to-date, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 12  exists  O!=A    O!=B      take A      must match A, if exists.
+                     A==B
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 13  exists  O!=A    O==B      take A      must match A, if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 14  exists  O==A    O!=B      take B      if exists, must either (1)
+                                           match A and be up-to-date,
+                                           or (2) match B.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 15  exists  O==A    O==B      take B      must match A if exists.
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 16  exists  O==A    O==B      barf        must match A if exists.
+     *multi* in one  in another
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Note: we need to be careful in case 2 and 3.  The tree A may contain
+DF (file) when tree B require DF to be a directory by having DF/DF
+(file).
+
+END_OF_CASE_TABLE
+
+test_expect_success '1 - must not have an entry not in A.' "
+     rm -f .git/index XX &&
+     echo XX >XX &&
+     git update-index --add XX &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '2 - must match B in !O && !A && B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index NA &&
+     cp .orig-B/NA NA &&
+     git update-index --add NA &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '2 - matching B alone is OK in !O && !A && B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index NA &&
+     cp .orig-B/NA NA &&
+     git update-index --add NA &&
+     echo extra >>NA &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '3 - must match A in !O && A && !B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index AN &&
+     cp .orig-A/AN AN &&
+     git update-index --add AN &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '3 - matching A alone is OK in !O && A && !B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index AN &&
+     cp .orig-A/AN AN &&
+     git update-index --add AN &&
+     echo extra >>AN &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '3 (fail) - must match A in !O && A && !B case.' "
+     rm -f .git/index AN &&
+     cp .orig-A/AN AN &&
+     echo extra >>AN &&
+     git update-index --add AN &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '4 - must match and be up-to-date in !O && A && B && A!=B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index AA &&
+     cp .orig-A/AA AA &&
+     git update-index --add AA &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '4 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in !O && A && B && A!=B case.' "
+     rm -f .git/index AA &&
+     cp .orig-A/AA AA &&
+     git update-index --add AA &&
+     echo extra >>AA &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '4 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in !O && A && B && A!=B case.' "
+     rm -f .git/index AA &&
+     cp .orig-A/AA AA &&
+     echo extra >>AA &&
+     git update-index --add AA &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '5 - must match in !O && A && B && A==B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index LL &&
+     cp .orig-A/LL LL &&
+     git update-index --add LL &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '5 - must match in !O && A && B && A==B case.' \
+    "rm -f .git/index LL &&
+     cp .orig-A/LL LL &&
+     git update-index --add LL &&
+     echo extra >>LL &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '5 (fail) - must match A in !O && A && B && A==B case.' "
+     rm -f .git/index LL &&
+     cp .orig-A/LL LL &&
+     echo extra >>LL &&
+     git update-index --add LL &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '6 - must not exist in O && !A && !B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index DD &&
+     echo DD >DD
+     git update-index --add DD &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '7 - must not exist in O && !A && B && O!=B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index DM &&
+     cp .orig-B/DM DM &&
+     git update-index --add DM &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '8 - must not exist in O && !A && B && O==B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index DN &&
+     cp .orig-B/DN DN &&
+     git update-index --add DN &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '9 - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && !B && O!=A case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index MD &&
+     cp .orig-A/MD MD &&
+     git update-index --add MD &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '9 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && !B && O!=A case' "
+     rm -f .git/index MD &&
+     cp .orig-A/MD MD &&
+     git update-index --add MD &&
+     echo extra >>MD &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '9 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && !B && O!=A case' "
+     rm -f .git/index MD &&
+     cp .orig-A/MD MD &&
+     echo extra >>MD &&
+     git update-index --add MD &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '10 - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && !B && O==A case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index ND &&
+     cp .orig-A/ND ND &&
+     git update-index --add ND &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '10 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && !B && O==A case' "
+     rm -f .git/index ND &&
+     cp .orig-A/ND ND &&
+     git update-index --add ND &&
+     echo extra >>ND &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '10 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && !B && O==A case' "
+     rm -f .git/index ND &&
+     cp .orig-A/ND ND &&
+     echo extra >>ND &&
+     git update-index --add ND &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '11 - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && B && O!=A && O!=B && A!=B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index MM &&
+     cp .orig-A/MM MM &&
+     git update-index --add MM &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '11 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && B && O!=A && O!=B && A!=B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index MM &&
+     cp .orig-A/MM MM &&
+     git update-index --add MM &&
+     echo extra >>MM &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '11 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && B && O!=A && O!=B && A!=B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index MM &&
+     cp .orig-A/MM MM &&
+     echo extra >>MM &&
+     git update-index --add MM &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '12 - must match A in O && A && B && O!=A && A==B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index SS &&
+     cp .orig-A/SS SS &&
+     git update-index --add SS &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '12 - must match A in O && A && B && O!=A && A==B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index SS &&
+     cp .orig-A/SS SS &&
+     git update-index --add SS &&
+     echo extra >>SS &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '12 (fail) - must match A in O && A && B && O!=A && A==B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index SS &&
+     cp .orig-A/SS SS &&
+     echo extra >>SS &&
+     git update-index --add SS &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '13 - must match A in O && A && B && O!=A && O==B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index MN &&
+     cp .orig-A/MN MN &&
+     git update-index --add MN &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '13 - must match A in O && A && B && O!=A && O==B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index MN &&
+     cp .orig-A/MN MN &&
+     git update-index --add MN &&
+     echo extra >>MN &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '14 - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && B && O==A && O!=B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index NM &&
+     cp .orig-A/NM NM &&
+     git update-index --add NM &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '14 - may match B in O && A && B && O==A && O!=B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index NM &&
+     cp .orig-B/NM NM &&
+     git update-index --add NM &&
+     echo extra >>NM &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '14 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && B && O==A && O!=B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index NM &&
+     cp .orig-A/NM NM &&
+     git update-index --add NM &&
+     echo extra >>NM &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '14 (fail) - must match and be up-to-date in O && A && B && O==A && O!=B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index NM &&
+     cp .orig-A/NM NM &&
+     echo extra >>NM &&
+     git update-index --add NM &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '15 - must match A in O && A && B && O==A && O==B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index NN &&
+     cp .orig-A/NN NN &&
+     git update-index --add NN &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '15 - must match A in O && A && B && O==A && O==B case' \
+    "rm -f .git/index NN &&
+     cp .orig-A/NN NN &&
+     git update-index --add NN &&
+     echo extra >>NN &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B &&
+     check_result"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '15 (fail) - must match A in O && A && B && O==A && O==B case' "
+     rm -f .git/index NN &&
+     cp .orig-A/NN NN &&
+     echo extra >>NN &&
+     git update-index --add NN &&
+     test_must_fail git read-tree -m $tree_O $tree_A $tree_B
+"
+
+# #16
+test_expect_success \
+    '16 - A matches in one and B matches in another.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index F16 &&
+    echo F16 >F16 &&
+    git update-index --add F16 &&
+    tree0=`git write-tree` &&
+    echo E16 >F16 &&
+    git update-index F16 &&
+    tree1=`git write-tree` &&
+    git read-tree -m $tree0 $tree1 $tree1 $tree0 &&
+    git ls-files --stage'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6327d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Two way merge with read-tree -m $H $M
+
+This test tries two-way merge (aka fast-forward with carry forward).
+
+There is the head (called H) and another commit (called M), which is
+simply ahead of H.  The index and the work tree contains a state that
+is derived from H, but may also have local changes.  This test checks
+all the combinations described in the two-tree merge "carry forward"
+rules, found in <Documentation/git read-tree.txt>.
+
+In the test, these paths are used:
+        bozbar  - in H, stays in M, modified from bozbar to gnusto
+        frotz   - not in H added in M
+        nitfol  - in H, stays in M unmodified
+        rezrov  - in H, deleted in M
+        yomin   - not in H nor M
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+read_tree_twoway () {
+    git read-tree -m "$1" "$2" && git ls-files --stage
+}
+
+compare_change () {
+	sed -n >current \
+	    -e '/^--- /d; /^+++ /d; /^@@ /d;' \
+	    -e 's/^\([-+][0-7][0-7][0-7][0-7][0-7][0-7]\) '"$_x40"' /\1 X /p' \
+	    "$1"
+	test_cmp expected current
+}
+
+check_cache_at () {
+	clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+	case "$clean_if_empty" in
+	'')  echo "$1: clean" ;;
+	?*)  echo "$1: dirty" ;;
+	esac
+	case "$2,$clean_if_empty" in
+	clean,)		:     ;;
+	clean,?*)	false ;;
+	dirty,)		false ;;
+	dirty,?*)	:     ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+cat >bozbar-old <<\EOF
+This is a sample file used in two-way fast-forward merge
+tests.  Its second line ends with a magic word bozbar
+which will be modified by the merged head to gnusto.
+It has some extra lines so that external tools can
+successfully merge independent changes made to later
+lines (such as this one), avoiding line conflicts.
+EOF
+
+sed -e 's/bozbar/gnusto (earlier bozbar)/' bozbar-old >bozbar-new
+
+test_expect_success \
+    setup \
+    'echo frotz >frotz &&
+     echo nitfol >nitfol &&
+     cat bozbar-old >bozbar &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     echo yomin >yomin &&
+     git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
+     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeH $treeH &&
+     git ls-tree $treeH &&
+
+     cat bozbar-new >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
+     git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
+     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeM $treeM &&
+     git ls-tree $treeM &&
+     git diff-tree $treeH $treeM'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '1, 2, 3 - no carry forward' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >1-3.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 1-3.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar dirty &&
+     check_cache_at frotz dirty &&
+     check_cache_at nitfol dirty'
+
+echo '+100644 X 0	yomin' >expected
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '4 - carry forward local addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     git update-index --add yomin &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >4.out || return 1
+     git diff --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out
+     compare_change 4diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at yomin clean'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '5 - carry forward local addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo yomin >yomin &&
+     git update-index --add yomin &&
+     echo yomin yomin >yomin &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >5.out || return 1
+     git diff --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out
+     compare_change 5diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at yomin dirty'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '6 - local addition already has the same.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >6.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 6.out &&
+     check_cache_at frotz clean'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '7 - local addition already has the same.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >7.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 7.out &&
+     check_cache_at frotz dirty'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '8 - conflicting addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '9 - conflicting addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     echo frotz >frotz &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '10 - path removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >10.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 10.out'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '11 - dirty path removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     echo rezrov rezrov >rezrov &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '12 - unmatching local changes being removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo rezrov rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '13 - unmatching local changes being removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo rezrov rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+-100644 X 0	nitfol
++100644 X 0	nitfol
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '14 - unchanged in two heads.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
+     git update-index --add nitfol &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >14.out || return 1
+     git diff --no-index M.out 14.out >14diff.out
+     compare_change 14diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at nitfol clean'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '15 - unchanged in two heads.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
+     git update-index --add nitfol &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >15.out || return 1
+     git diff --no-index M.out 15.out >15diff.out
+     compare_change 15diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at nitfol dirty'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '16 - conflicting local change.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo bozbar bozbar >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '17 - conflicting local change.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     echo bozbar bozbar >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     echo bozbar bozbar bozbar >bozbar &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '18 - local change already having a good result.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     cat bozbar-new >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >18.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 18.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar clean'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '19 - local change already having a good result, further modified.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     cat bozbar-new >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     echo gnusto gnusto >bozbar &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >19.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 19.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar dirty'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '20 - no local change, use new tree.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     cat bozbar-old >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >20.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 20.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar dirty'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '21 - no local change, dirty cache.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     cat bozbar-old >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     echo gnusto gnusto >bozbar &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+# This fails with straight two-way fast-forward.
+test_expect_success \
+    '22 - local change cache updated.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     git read-tree $treeH &&
+     git checkout-index -u -f -q -a &&
+     sed -e "s/such as/SUCH AS/" bozbar-old >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     if read_tree_twoway $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+# Also make sure we did not break DF vs DF/DF case.
+test_expect_success \
+    'DF vs DF/DF case setup.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     echo DF >DF &&
+     git update-index --add DF &&
+     treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeDF $treeDF &&
+     git ls-tree $treeDF &&
+
+     rm -f DF &&
+     mkdir DF &&
+     echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
+     git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
+     treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
+     git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
+     git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'DF vs DF/DF case test.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     rm -fr DF &&
+     echo DF >DF &&
+     git update-index --add DF &&
+     read_tree_twoway $treeDF $treeDFDF &&
+     git ls-files --stage >DFDFcheck.out &&
+     test_cmp DFDF.out DFDFcheck.out &&
+     check_cache_at DF/DF dirty &&
+     :'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'a/b (untracked) vs a case setup.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     : >a &&
+     git update-index --add a &&
+     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeM $treeM &&
+     git ls-tree $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
+
+     rm -f a &&
+     git update-index --remove a &&
+     mkdir a &&
+     : >a/b &&
+     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeH $treeH &&
+     git ls-tree $treeH'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'a/b (untracked) vs a, plus c/d case test.' \
+    '! git read-tree -u -m "$treeH" "$treeM" &&
+     git ls-files --stage &&
+     test -f a/b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'a/b vs a, plus c/d case setup.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     rm -fr a &&
+     : >a &&
+     mkdir c &&
+     : >c/d &&
+     git update-index --add a c/d &&
+     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeM $treeM &&
+     git ls-tree $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
+
+     rm -f a &&
+     mkdir a
+     : >a/b &&
+     git update-index --add --remove a a/b &&
+     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeH $treeH &&
+     git ls-tree $treeH'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'a/b vs a, plus c/d case test.' \
+    'git read-tree -u -m "$treeH" "$treeM" &&
+     git ls-files --stage | tee >treeMcheck.out &&
+     test_cmp treeM.out treeMcheck.out'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0241329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Two way merge with read-tree -m -u $H $M
+
+This is identical to t1001, but uses -u to update the work tree as well.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+compare_change () {
+	sed >current \
+	    -e '1{/^diff --git /d;}' \
+	    -e '2{/^index /d;}' \
+	    -e '/^--- /d; /^+++ /d; /^@@ /d;' \
+	    -e 's/^\(.[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-7][0-7][0-7]\) '"$_x40"' /\1 X /' "$1"
+	test_cmp expected current
+}
+
+check_cache_at () {
+	clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+	case "$clean_if_empty" in
+	'')  echo "$1: clean" ;;
+	?*)  echo "$1: dirty" ;;
+	esac
+	case "$2,$clean_if_empty" in
+	clean,)		:     ;;
+	clean,?*)	false ;;
+	dirty,)		false ;;
+	dirty,?*)	:     ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    setup \
+    'echo frotz >frotz &&
+     echo nitfol >nitfol &&
+     echo bozbar >bozbar &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
+     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeH $treeH &&
+     git ls-tree $treeH &&
+
+     echo gnusto >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
+     git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
+     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeM $treeM &&
+     git ls-tree $treeM &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >M.sum &&
+     git diff-tree $treeH $treeM'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '1, 2, 3 - no carry forward' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >1-3.out &&
+     cmp M.out 1-3.out &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual3.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual3.sum &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar clean &&
+     check_cache_at frotz clean &&
+     check_cache_at nitfol clean'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '4 - carry forward local addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo "+100644 X 0	yomin" >expected &&
+     echo yomin >yomin &&
+     git update-index --add yomin &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >4.out || return 1
+     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out
+     compare_change 4diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at yomin clean &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual4.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual4.sum &&
+     echo yomin >yomin1 &&
+     diff yomin yomin1 &&
+     rm -f yomin1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '5 - carry forward local addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH &&
+     echo yomin >yomin &&
+     git update-index --add yomin &&
+     echo yomin yomin >yomin &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >5.out || return 1
+     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out
+     compare_change 5diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at yomin dirty &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual5.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual5.sum &&
+     : dirty index should have prevented -u from checking it out. &&
+     echo yomin yomin >yomin1 &&
+     diff yomin yomin1 &&
+     rm -f yomin1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '6 - local addition already has the same.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >6.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 6.out &&
+     check_cache_at frotz clean &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual3.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual3.sum &&
+     echo frotz >frotz1 &&
+     diff frotz frotz1 &&
+     rm -f frotz1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '7 - local addition already has the same.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >7.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 7.out &&
+     check_cache_at frotz dirty &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual7.sum &&
+     if cmp M.sum actual7.sum; then false; else :; fi &&
+     : dirty index should have prevented -u from checking it out. &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz1 &&
+     diff frotz frotz1 &&
+     rm -f frotz1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '8 - conflicting addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '9 - conflicting addition.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo frotz frotz >frotz &&
+     git update-index --add frotz &&
+     echo frotz >frotz &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '10 - path removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >10.out &&
+     cmp M.out 10.out &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual10.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual10.sum'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '11 - dirty path removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     echo rezrov rezrov >rezrov &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '12 - unmatching local changes being removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo rezrov rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '13 - unmatching local changes being removed.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo rezrov rezrov >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     echo rezrov >rezrov &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+-100644 X 0	nitfol
++100644 X 0	nitfol
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '14 - unchanged in two heads.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
+     git update-index --add nitfol &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >14.out || return 1
+     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 14.out >14diff.out
+     compare_change 14diff.out expected &&
+     sum bozbar frotz >actual14.sum &&
+     grep -v nitfol M.sum > expected14.sum &&
+     cmp expected14.sum actual14.sum &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual14a.sum &&
+     if cmp M.sum actual14a.sum; then false; else :; fi &&
+     check_cache_at nitfol clean &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol1 &&
+     diff nitfol nitfol1 &&
+     rm -f nitfol1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '15 - unchanged in two heads.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
+     git update-index --add nitfol &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol nitfol >nitfol &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >15.out || return 1
+     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 15.out >15diff.out
+     compare_change 15diff.out expected &&
+     check_cache_at nitfol dirty &&
+     sum bozbar frotz >actual15.sum &&
+     grep -v nitfol M.sum > expected15.sum &&
+     cmp expected15.sum actual15.sum &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual15a.sum &&
+     if cmp M.sum actual15a.sum; then false; else :; fi &&
+     echo nitfol nitfol nitfol >nitfol1 &&
+     diff nitfol nitfol1 &&
+     rm -f nitfol1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '16 - conflicting local change.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo bozbar bozbar >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '17 - conflicting local change.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo bozbar bozbar >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     echo bozbar bozbar bozbar >bozbar &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '18 - local change already having a good result.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo gnusto >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >18.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 18.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar clean &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual18.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual18.sum'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '19 - local change already having a good result, further modified.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo gnusto >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     echo gnusto gnusto >bozbar &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >19.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 19.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar dirty &&
+     sum frotz nitfol >actual19.sum &&
+     grep -v bozbar  M.sum > expected19.sum &&
+     cmp expected19.sum actual19.sum &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual19a.sum &&
+     if cmp M.sum actual19a.sum; then false; else :; fi &&
+     echo gnusto gnusto >bozbar1 &&
+     diff bozbar bozbar1 &&
+     rm -f bozbar1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '20 - no local change, use new tree.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo bozbar >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
+     git ls-files --stage >20.out &&
+     test_cmp M.out 20.out &&
+     check_cache_at bozbar clean &&
+     sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual20.sum &&
+     cmp M.sum actual20.sum'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '21 - no local change, dirty cache.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index nitfol bozbar rezrov frotz &&
+     git read-tree --reset -u $treeH &&
+     echo bozbar >bozbar &&
+     git update-index --add bozbar &&
+     echo gnusto gnusto >bozbar &&
+     if git read-tree -m -u $treeH $treeM; then false; else :; fi'
+
+# Also make sure we did not break DF vs DF/DF case.
+test_expect_success \
+    'DF vs DF/DF case setup.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index
+     echo DF >DF &&
+     git update-index --add DF &&
+     treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeDF $treeDF &&
+     git ls-tree $treeDF &&
+
+     rm -f DF &&
+     mkdir DF &&
+     echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
+     git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
+     treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
+     git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
+     git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'DF vs DF/DF case test.' \
+    'rm -f .git/index &&
+     rm -fr DF &&
+     echo DF >DF &&
+     git update-index --add DF &&
+     git read-tree -m -u $treeDF $treeDFDF &&
+     git ls-files --stage >DFDFcheck.out &&
+     test_cmp DFDF.out DFDFcheck.out &&
+     check_cache_at DF/DF clean'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c6d67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git read-tree --prefix test.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello >one &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	echo tree is $tree
+'
+
+echo 'one
+two/one' >expect
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree --prefix' '
+	git read-tree --prefix=two/ $tree &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f19b4a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='read-tree -m -u checks working tree files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two-tree test
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way setup' '
+
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo >file1 file one &&
+	echo >file2 file two &&
+	echo >subdir/file1 file one in subdirectory &&
+	echo >subdir/file2 file two in subdirectory &&
+	git update-index --add file1 file2 subdir/file1 subdir/file2 &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+	git tag -f branch-point &&
+
+	echo file2 is not tracked on the master anymore &&
+	rm -f file2 subdir/file2 &&
+	git update-index --remove file2 subdir/file2 &&
+	git commit -a -m "master removes file2 and subdir/file2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way not clobbering' '
+
+	echo >file2 master creates untracked file2 &&
+	echo >subdir/file2 master creates untracked subdir/file2 &&
+	if err=`git read-tree -m -u master side 2>&1`
+	then
+		echo should have complained
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy to see $err"
+	fi
+'
+
+echo file2 >.gitignore
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
+
+	if err=`git read-tree -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+	then
+		echo should have complained
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy to see $err"
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (2)' '
+
+	if err=`git read-tree -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+	then
+		echo should have complained
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy to see $err"
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way clobbering a ignored file' '
+
+	git read-tree -m -u --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side
+'
+
+rm -f .gitignore
+
+# three-tree test
+
+test_expect_success 'three-way not complaining on an untracked path in both' '
+
+	rm -f file2 subdir/file2 &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo >file3 file three &&
+	echo >subdir/file3 file three &&
+	git update-index --add file3 subdir/file3 &&
+	git commit -a -m "side adds file3 and removes file2" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo >file2 file two is untracked on the master side &&
+	echo >subdir/file2 file two is untracked on the master side &&
+
+	git read-tree -m -u branch-point master side
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'three-way not clobbering a working tree file' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f file2 subdir/file2 file3 subdir/file3 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo >file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
+	echo >subdir/file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
+	if err=`git read-tree -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1`
+	then
+		echo should have complained
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy to see $err"
+	fi
+'
+
+echo >.gitignore file3
+
+test_expect_success 'three-way not complaining on an untracked file' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f file2 subdir/file2 file3 subdir/file3 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo >file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
+	echo >subdir/file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
+
+	git read-tree -m -u --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore branch-point master side
+'
+
+test_expect_success '3-way not overwriting local changes (setup)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b side-a branch-point &&
+	echo >>file1 "new line to be kept in the merge result" &&
+	git commit -a -m "side-a changes file1" &&
+	git checkout -b side-b branch-point &&
+	echo >>file2 "new line to be kept in the merge result" &&
+	git commit -a -m "side-b changes file2" &&
+	git checkout side-a
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '3-way not overwriting local changes (our side)' '
+
+	# At this point, file1 from side-a should be kept as side-b
+	# did not touch it.
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	echo >>file1 "local changes" &&
+	git read-tree -m -u branch-point side-a side-b &&
+	grep "new line to be kept" file1 &&
+	grep "local changes" file1
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '3-way not overwriting local changes (their side)' '
+
+	# At this point, file2 from side-b should be taken as side-a
+	# did not touch it.
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	echo >>file2 "local changes" &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -m -u branch-point side-a side-b &&
+	! grep "new line to be kept" file2 &&
+	grep "local changes" file2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b sym-b side-b &&
+	mkdir -p a &&
+	>a/b &&
+	git add a/b &&
+	git commit -m "side adds a/b" &&
+
+	rm -fr a &&
+	git checkout -b sym-a side-a &&
+	mkdir -p a &&
+	ln -s ../b a/b &&
+	git add a/b &&
+	git commit -m "we add a/b" &&
+
+	git read-tree -m -u sym-a sym-a sym-b
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
+
+	rm -fr a b &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout sym-a &&
+	chmod a-w a &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -m -u sym-a sym-a sym-b
+
+'
+
+# clean-up from the above test
+chmod a+w a 2>/dev/null
+rm -fr a b
+
+test_expect_success 'D/F setup' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout side-a &&
+	rm -f subdir/file2 &&
+	mkdir subdir/file2 &&
+	echo qfwfq >subdir/file2/another &&
+	git add subdir/file2/another &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "side-a changes file2 to directory"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D/F' '
+
+	git checkout side-b &&
+	git read-tree -m -u branch-point side-b side-a &&
+	git ls-files -u >actual &&
+	(
+		a=$(git rev-parse branch-point:subdir/file2)
+		b=$(git rev-parse side-a:subdir/file2/another)
+		echo "100644 $a 1	subdir/file2"
+		echo "100644 $a 2	subdir/file2"
+		echo "100644 $b 3	subdir/file2/another"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D/F resolve' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout side-b &&
+	git merge-resolve branch-point -- side-b side-a
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'D/F recursive' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout side-b &&
+	git merge-recursive branch-point -- side-b side-a
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8499116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='read-tree -u --reset'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two-tree test
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  git init &&
+  mkdir df &&
+  echo content >df/file &&
+  git add df/file &&
+  git commit -m one &&
+  git ls-files >expect &&
+  rm -rf df &&
+  echo content >df &&
+  git add df &&
+  echo content >new &&
+  git add new &&
+  git commit -m two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset should work' '
+  git read-tree -u --reset HEAD^ &&
+  git ls-files >actual &&
+  test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset should remove remnants from a failed merge' '
+  git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+  git ls-files -s >expect &&
+  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+  (
+	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
+  >old &&
+  git ls-files -s &&
+  git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+  git ls-files -s >actual &&
+  ! test -f old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Porcelain reset should remove remnants too' '
+  git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+  git ls-files -s >expect &&
+  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+  (
+	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
+  >old &&
+  git ls-files -s &&
+  git reset --hard &&
+  git ls-files -s >actual &&
+  ! test -f old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f should remove remnants too' '
+  git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+  git ls-files -s >expect &&
+  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+  (
+	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
+  >old &&
+  git ls-files -s &&
+  git checkout -f &&
+  git ls-files -s >actual &&
+  ! test -f old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f HEAD should remove remnants too' '
+  git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
+  git ls-files -s >expect &&
+  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+  (
+	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
+  >old &&
+  git ls-files -s &&
+  git checkout -f HEAD &&
+  git ls-files -s >actual &&
+  ! test -f old
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d8b7f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git cat-file'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo_without_newline () {
+    printf '%s' "$*"
+}
+
+strlen () {
+    echo_without_newline "$1" | wc -c | sed -e 's/^ *//'
+}
+
+maybe_remove_timestamp () {
+    if test -z "$2"; then
+        echo_without_newline "$1"
+    else
+	echo_without_newline "$(printf '%s\n' "$1" | sed -e 's/ [0-9][0-9]* [-+][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]$//')"
+    fi
+}
+
+run_tests () {
+    type=$1
+    sha1=$2
+    size=$3
+    content=$4
+    pretty_content=$5
+    no_ts=$6
+
+    batch_output="$sha1 $type $size
+$content"
+
+    test_expect_success "$type exists" '
+	git cat-file -e $sha1
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Type of $type is correct" '
+        test $type = "$(git cat-file -t $sha1)"
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Size of $type is correct" '
+        test $size = "$(git cat-file -s $sha1)"
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "Content of $type is correct" '
+	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts)"
+	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts)"
+
+        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
+		echo "but got $actual"
+		false
+        fi
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Pretty content of $type is correct" '
+	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts)"
+	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts)"
+        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
+		echo "but got $actual"
+		false
+        fi
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch output of $type is correct" '
+	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts)"
+	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts)"
+        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
+		echo "but got $actual"
+		false
+        fi
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "--batch-check output of $type is correct" '
+	expect="$sha1 $type $size"
+	actual="$(echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check)"
+        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
+	then
+		: happy
+	else
+		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
+		echo "but got $actual"
+		false
+        fi
+    '
+}
+
+hello_content="Hello World"
+hello_size=$(strlen "$hello_content")
+hello_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$hello_content" | git hash-object --stdin)
+
+test_expect_success "setup" '
+	echo_without_newline "$hello_content" > hello &&
+	git update-index --add hello
+'
+
+run_tests 'blob' $hello_sha1 $hello_size "$hello_content" "$hello_content"
+
+tree_sha1=$(git write-tree)
+tree_size=33
+tree_pretty_content="100644 blob $hello_sha1	hello"
+
+run_tests 'tree' $tree_sha1 $tree_size "" "$tree_pretty_content"
+
+commit_message="Intial commit"
+commit_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$commit_message" | git commit-tree $tree_sha1)
+commit_size=176
+commit_content="tree $tree_sha1
+author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
+
+$commit_message"
+
+run_tests 'commit' $commit_sha1 $commit_size "$commit_content" "$commit_content" 1
+
+tag_header_without_timestamp="object $hello_sha1
+type blob
+tag hellotag
+tagger $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+tag_description="This is a tag"
+tag_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp 0000000000 +0000
+
+$tag_description"
+tag_pretty_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+
+$tag_description"
+
+tag_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$tag_content" | git mktag)
+tag_size=$(strlen "$tag_content")
+
+run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_pretty_content" 1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    "Reach a blob from a tag pointing to it" \
+    "test '$hello_content' = \"\$(git cat-file blob $tag_sha1)\""
+
+for batch in batch batch-check
+do
+    for opt in t s e p
+    do
+	test_expect_success "Passing -$opt with --$batch fails" '
+	    test_must_fail git cat-file --$batch -$opt $hello_sha1
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "Passing --$batch with -$opt fails" '
+	    test_must_fail git cat-file -$opt --$batch $hello_sha1
+	'
+    done
+
+    test_expect_success "Passing <type> with --$batch fails" '
+	test_must_fail git cat-file --$batch blob $hello_sha1
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Passing --$batch with <type> fails" '
+	test_must_fail git cat-file blob --$batch $hello_sha1
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "Passing sha1 with --$batch fails" '
+	test_must_fail git cat-file --$batch $hello_sha1
+    '
+done
+
+test_expect_success "--batch-check for a non-existent named object" '
+    test "foobar42 missing
+foobar84 missing" = \
+    "$( ( echo foobar42; echo_without_newline foobar84; ) | git cat-file --batch-check)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--batch-check for a non-existent hash" '
+    test "0000000000000000000000000000000000000042 missing
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000084 missing" = \
+    "$( ( echo 0000000000000000000000000000000000000042;
+         echo_without_newline 0000000000000000000000000000000000000084; ) \
+       | git cat-file --batch-check)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--batch for an existent and a non-existent hash" '
+    test "$tag_sha1 tag $tag_size
+$tag_content
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 missing" = \
+    "$( ( echo $tag_sha1;
+         echo_without_newline 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000; ) \
+       | git cat-file --batch)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "--batch-check for an emtpy line" '
+    test " missing" = "$(echo | git cat-file --batch-check)"
+'
+
+batch_input="$hello_sha1
+$commit_sha1
+$tag_sha1
+deadbeef
+
+"
+
+batch_output="$hello_sha1 blob $hello_size
+$hello_content
+$commit_sha1 commit $commit_size
+$commit_content
+$tag_sha1 tag $tag_size
+$tag_content
+deadbeef missing
+ missing"
+
+test_expect_success '--batch with multiple sha1s gives correct format' '
+	test "$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" 1)" = "$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo_without_newline "$batch_input" | git cat-file --batch)" 1)"
+'
+
+batch_check_input="$hello_sha1
+$tree_sha1
+$commit_sha1
+$tag_sha1
+deadbeef
+
+"
+
+batch_check_output="$hello_sha1 blob $hello_size
+$tree_sha1 tree $tree_size
+$commit_sha1 commit $commit_size
+$tag_sha1 tag $tag_size
+deadbeef missing
+ missing"
+
+test_expect_success "--batch-check with multiple sha1s gives correct format" '
+    test "$batch_check_output" = \
+    "$(echo_without_newline "$batch_check_input" | git cat-file --batch-check)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1007-hash-object.sh b/t/t1007-hash-object.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fd98e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1007-hash-object.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="git hash-object"
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo_without_newline() {
+	printf '%s' "$*"
+}
+
+test_blob_does_not_exist() {
+	test_expect_success 'blob does not exist in database' "
+		test_must_fail git cat-file blob $1
+	"
+}
+
+test_blob_exists() {
+	test_expect_success 'blob exists in database' "
+		git cat-file blob $1
+	"
+}
+
+hello_content="Hello World"
+hello_sha1=5e1c309dae7f45e0f39b1bf3ac3cd9db12e7d689
+
+example_content="This is an example"
+example_sha1=ddd3f836d3e3fbb7ae289aa9ae83536f76956399
+
+setup_repo() {
+	echo_without_newline "$hello_content" > hello
+	echo_without_newline "$example_content" > example
+}
+
+test_repo=test
+push_repo() {
+	test_create_repo $test_repo
+	cd $test_repo
+
+	setup_repo
+}
+
+pop_repo() {
+	cd ..
+	rm -rf $test_repo
+}
+
+setup_repo
+
+# Argument checking
+
+test_expect_success "multiple '--stdin's are rejected" '
+	echo example | test_must_fail git hash-object --stdin --stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Can't use --stdin and --stdin-paths together" '
+	echo example | test_must_fail git hash-object --stdin --stdin-paths &&
+	echo example | test_must_fail git hash-object --stdin-paths --stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Can't pass filenames as arguments with --stdin-paths" '
+	echo example | test_must_fail git hash-object --stdin-paths hello
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Can't use --path with --stdin-paths" '
+	echo example | test_must_fail git hash-object --stdin-paths --path=foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Can't use --stdin-paths with --no-filters" '
+	echo example | test_must_fail git hash-object --stdin-paths --no-filters
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Can't use --path with --no-filters" '
+	test_must_fail git hash-object --no-filters --path=foo
+'
+
+# Behavior
+
+push_repo
+
+test_expect_success 'hash a file' '
+	test $hello_sha1 = $(git hash-object hello)
+'
+
+test_blob_does_not_exist $hello_sha1
+
+test_expect_success 'hash from stdin' '
+	test $example_sha1 = $(git hash-object --stdin < example)
+'
+
+test_blob_does_not_exist $example_sha1
+
+test_expect_success 'hash a file and write to database' '
+	test $hello_sha1 = $(git hash-object -w hello)
+'
+
+test_blob_exists $hello_sha1
+
+test_expect_success 'git hash-object --stdin file1 <file0 first operates on file0, then file1' '
+	echo foo > file1 &&
+	obname0=$(echo bar | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	obname1=$(git hash-object file1) &&
+	obname0new=$(echo bar | git hash-object --stdin file1 | sed -n -e 1p) &&
+	obname1new=$(echo bar | git hash-object --stdin file1 | sed -n -e 2p) &&
+	test "$obname0" = "$obname0new" &&
+	test "$obname1" = "$obname1new"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check that appropriate filter is invoke when --path is used' '
+	echo fooQ | tr Q "\\015" >file0 &&
+	cp file0 file1 &&
+	echo "file0 -crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "file1 crlf" >>.gitattributes &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	file0_sha=$(git hash-object file0) &&
+	file1_sha=$(git hash-object file1) &&
+	test "$file0_sha" != "$file1_sha" &&
+	path1_sha=$(git hash-object --path=file1 file0) &&
+	path0_sha=$(git hash-object --path=file0 file1) &&
+	test "$file0_sha" = "$path0_sha" &&
+	test "$file1_sha" = "$path1_sha" &&
+	path1_sha=$(cat file0 | git hash-object --path=file1 --stdin) &&
+	path0_sha=$(cat file1 | git hash-object --path=file0 --stdin) &&
+	test "$file0_sha" = "$path0_sha" &&
+	test "$file1_sha" = "$path1_sha" &&
+	git config --unset core.autocrlf
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check that --no-filters option works' '
+	echo fooQ | tr Q "\\015" >file0 &&
+	cp file0 file1 &&
+	echo "file0 -crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "file1 crlf" >>.gitattributes &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	file0_sha=$(git hash-object file0) &&
+	file1_sha=$(git hash-object file1) &&
+	test "$file0_sha" != "$file1_sha" &&
+	nofilters_file1=$(git hash-object --no-filters file1) &&
+	test "$file0_sha" = "$nofilters_file1" &&
+	nofilters_file1=$(cat file1 | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	test "$file0_sha" = "$nofilters_file1" &&
+	git config --unset core.autocrlf
+'
+
+pop_repo
+
+for args in "-w --stdin" "--stdin -w"; do
+	push_repo
+
+	test_expect_success "hash from stdin and write to database ($args)" '
+		test $example_sha1 = $(git hash-object $args < example)
+	'
+
+	test_blob_exists $example_sha1
+
+	pop_repo
+done
+
+filenames="hello
+example"
+
+sha1s="$hello_sha1
+$example_sha1"
+
+test_expect_success "hash two files with names on stdin" '
+	test "$sha1s" = "$(echo_without_newline "$filenames" | git hash-object --stdin-paths)"
+'
+
+for args in "-w --stdin-paths" "--stdin-paths -w"; do
+	push_repo
+
+	test_expect_success "hash two files with names on stdin and write to database ($args)" '
+		test "$sha1s" = "$(echo_without_newline "$filenames" | git hash-object $args)"
+	'
+
+	test_blob_exists $hello_sha1
+	test_blob_exists $example_sha1
+
+	pop_repo
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1008-read-tree-overlay.sh b/t/t1008-read-tree-overlay.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f9e0028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1008-read-tree-overlay.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test multi-tree read-tree without merging'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo one >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	echo two >b &&
+	git add b &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	git checkout -b side initial &&
+	echo three >a &&
+	mkdir b &&
+	echo four >b/c &&
+	git add b/c &&
+	git commit -m third
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-read' '
+	git read-tree initial master side &&
+	(echo a; echo b/c) >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t1009-read-tree-new-index.sh b/t/t1009-read-tree-new-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..59b3aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1009-read-tree-new-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test read-tree into a fresh index file'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo one >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-existent index file' '
+	rm -f new-index &&
+	GIT_INDEX_FILE=new-index git read-tree master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty index file' '
+	rm -f new-index &&
+	> new-index &&
+	GIT_INDEX_FILE=new-index git read-tree master
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t1010-mktree.sh b/t/t1010-mktree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9956e3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1010-mktree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git mktree'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for d in a a. a0
+	do
+		mkdir "$d" && echo "$d/one" >"$d/one" &&
+		git add "$d"
+	done &&
+	echo zero >one &&
+	git update-index --add --info-only one &&
+	git write-tree --missing-ok >tree.missing &&
+	git ls-tree $(cat tree.missing) >top.missing &&
+	git ls-tree -r $(cat tree.missing) >all.missing &&
+	echo one >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	git write-tree >tree &&
+	git ls-tree $(cat tree) >top &&
+	git ls-tree -r $(cat tree) >all &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -q -m one &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $H sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -q -m two &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^{tree} >tree.withsub &&
+	git ls-tree HEAD >top.withsub &&
+	git ls-tree -r HEAD >all.withsub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree piped to mktree (1)' '
+	git mktree <top >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree piped to mktree (2)' '
+	git mktree <top.withsub >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree.withsub actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree output in wrong order given to mktree (1)' '
+	perl -e "print reverse <>" <top |
+	git mktree >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree output in wrong order given to mktree (2)' '
+	perl -e "print reverse <>" <top.withsub |
+	git mktree >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree.withsub actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow missing object with --missing' '
+	git mktree --missing <top.missing >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree.missing actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'mktree reads ls-tree -r output (1)' '
+	git mktree <all >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'mktree reads ls-tree -r output (2)' '
+	git mktree <all.withsub >actual &&
+	test_cmp tree.withsub actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..62246db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='sparse checkout tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+100644 77f0ba1734ed79d12881f81b36ee134de6a3327b 0	init.t
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	sub/added
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit init &&
+	echo modified >> init.t &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	touch sub/added &&
+	git add init.t sub/added &&
+	git commit -m "modified and added" &&
+	git tag top &&
+	git rm sub/added &&
+	git commit -m removed &&
+	git tag removed &&
+	git checkout top &&
+	git ls-files --stage > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+cat >expected.swt <<EOF
+H init.t
+H sub/added
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'read-tree without .git/info/sparse-checkout' '
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files --stage > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree with .git/info/sparse-checkout but disabled' '
+	echo > .git/info/sparse-checkout
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test -f init.t &&
+	test -f sub/added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree --no-sparse-checkout with empty .git/info/sparse-checkout and enabled' '
+	git config core.sparsecheckout true &&
+	echo > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git read-tree --no-sparse-checkout -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test -f init.t &&
+	test -f sub/added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree with empty .git/info/sparse-checkout' '
+	git config core.sparsecheckout true &&
+	echo > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files --stage > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test -f init.t &&
+	test -f sub/added
+'
+
+cat >expected.swt <<EOF
+S init.t
+H sub/added
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'match directories with trailing slash' '
+	echo sub/ > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test ! -f init.t &&
+	test -f sub/added
+'
+
+cat >expected.swt <<EOF
+H init.t
+H sub/added
+EOF
+test_expect_failure 'match directories without trailing slash' '
+	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo sub >> .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test ! -f init.t &&
+	test -f sub/added
+'
+
+cat >expected.swt <<EOF
+H init.t
+S sub/added
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'checkout area changes' '
+	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test -f init.t &&
+	test ! -f sub/added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree updates worktree, absent case' '
+	echo sub/added > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	test ! -f init.t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree updates worktree, dirty case' '
+	echo sub/added > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	echo dirty > init.t &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	grep -q dirty init.t &&
+	rm init.t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree removes worktree, dirty case' '
+	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	echo dirty > added &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	grep -q dirty added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree adds to worktree, absent case' '
+	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f removed &&
+	git read-tree -u -m HEAD^ &&
+	test ! -f sub/added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree adds to worktree, dirty case' '
+	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f removed &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	echo dirty > sub/added &&
+	git read-tree -u -m HEAD^ &&
+	grep -q dirty sub/added
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1012-read-tree-df.sh b/t/t1012-read-tree-df.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9811d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1012-read-tree-df.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='read-tree D/F conflict corner cases'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+maketree () {
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index .git/index.lock &&
+		git clean -d -f -f -q -x &&
+		name="$1" &&
+		shift &&
+		for it
+		do
+			path=$(expr "$it" : '\([^:]*\)') &&
+			mkdir -p $(dirname "$path") &&
+			echo "$it" >"$path" &&
+			git update-index --add "$path" || exit
+		done &&
+		git tag "$name" $(git write-tree)
+	)
+}
+
+settree () {
+	rm -f .git/index .git/index.lock &&
+	git clean -d -f -f -q -x &&
+	git read-tree "$1" &&
+	git checkout-index -f -q -u -a &&
+	git update-index --refresh
+}
+
+checkindex () {
+	git ls-files -s |
+	sed "s|^[0-7][0-7]* $_x40 \([0-3]\)	|\1 |" >current &&
+	cat >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	maketree O-000 a/b-2/c/d a/b/c/d a/x &&
+	maketree A-000 a/b-2/c/d a/b/c/d a/x &&
+	maketree A-001 a/b-2/c/d a/b/c/d a/b/c/e a/x &&
+	maketree B-000 a/b-2/c/d a/b     a/x &&
+
+	maketree O-010 t-0     t/1  t/2 t=3 &&
+	maketree A-010 t-0 t            t=3 &&
+	maketree B-010         t/1:     t=3: &&
+
+	maketree O-020 ds/dma/ioat.c ds/dma/ioat_dca.c &&
+	maketree A-020 ds/dma/ioat/Makefile ds/dma/ioat/registers.h &&
+	:
+'
+
+test_expect_success '3-way (1)' '
+	settree A-000 &&
+	git read-tree -m -u O-000 A-000 B-000 &&
+	checkindex <<-EOF
+	3 a/b
+	0 a/b-2/c/d
+	1 a/b/c/d
+	2 a/b/c/d
+	0 a/x
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '3-way (2)' '
+	settree A-001 &&
+	git read-tree -m -u O-000 A-001 B-000 &&
+	checkindex <<-EOF
+	3 a/b
+	0 a/b-2/c/d
+	1 a/b/c/d
+	2 a/b/c/d
+	2 a/b/c/e
+	0 a/x
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '3-way (3)' '
+	settree A-010 &&
+	git read-tree -m -u O-010 A-010 B-010 &&
+	checkindex <<-EOF
+	2 t
+	1 t-0
+	2 t-0
+	1 t/1
+	3 t/1
+	1 t/2
+	0 t=3
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '2-way (1)' '
+	settree O-020 &&
+	git read-tree -m -u O-020 A-020 &&
+	checkindex <<-EOF
+	0 ds/dma/ioat/Makefile
+	0 ds/dma/ioat/registers.h
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..210e594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Try various core-level commands in subdirectory.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	long="a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z" &&
+	for c in $long; do echo $c; done >one &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	for c in x y z $long a b c; do echo $c; done >dir/two &&
+	cp one original.one &&
+	cp dir/two original.two
+'
+HERE=`pwd`
+LF='
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index and ls-files' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	one) echo ok one ;;
+	*) echo bad one; exit 1 ;;
+	esac &&
+	cd dir &&
+	git update-index --add two &&
+	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	two) echo ok two ;;
+	*) echo bad two; exit 1 ;;
+	esac &&
+	cd .. &&
+	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	dir/two"$LF"one) echo ok both ;;
+	*) echo bad; exit 1 ;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cat-file' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	two=`git ls-files -s dir/two` &&
+	two=`expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)"` &&
+	echo "$two" &&
+	git cat-file -p "$two" >actual &&
+	cmp dir/two actual &&
+	cd dir &&
+	git cat-file -p "$two" >actual &&
+	cmp two actual
+'
+rm -f actual dir/actual
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	echo a >>one &&
+	echo d >>dir/two &&
+	case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+	dir/two"$LF"one) echo ok top ;;
+	*) echo bad top; exit 1 ;;
+	esac &&
+	# diff should not omit leading paths
+	cd dir &&
+	case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+	dir/two"$LF"one) echo ok subdir ;;
+	*) echo bad subdir; exit 1 ;;
+	esac &&
+	case "`git diff-files --name-only .`" in
+	dir/two) echo ok subdir limited ;;
+	*) echo bad subdir limited; exit 1 ;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'write-tree' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	top=`git write-tree` &&
+	echo $top &&
+	cd dir &&
+	sub=`git write-tree` &&
+	echo $sub &&
+	test "z$top" = "z$sub"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout-index' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	git checkout-index -f -u one &&
+	cmp one original.one &&
+	cd dir &&
+	git checkout-index -f -u two &&
+	cmp two ../original.two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	rm -f one dir/two &&
+	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u "$tree" &&
+	cmp one original.one &&
+	cmp dir/two original.two &&
+	cd dir &&
+	rm -f two &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u "$tree" &&
+	cmp two ../original.two &&
+	cmp ../one ../original.one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside .git' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	git commit -a -m 1 &&
+	cd "$HERE"/.git &&
+	git show -s HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	git clone -s --bare .git foo.git &&
+	cd foo.git && GIT_DIR=. git show -s HEAD
+'
+
+# This still does not work as it should...
+: test_expect_success 'no file/rev ambiguity check inside a bare repo' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	git clone -s --bare .git foo.git &&
+	cd foo.git && git show -s HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'detection should not be fooled by a symlink' '
+	cd "$HERE" &&
+	rm -fr foo.git &&
+	git clone -s .git another &&
+	ln -s another yetanother &&
+	cd yetanother/.git &&
+	git show -s HEAD
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4414ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2005 Rene Scharfe
+#
+
+test_description='git commit-tree options test
+
+This test checks that git commit-tree can create a specific commit
+object by defining all environment variables that it understands.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+tree 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+author Author Name <author@email> 1117148400 +0000
+committer Committer Name <committer@email> 1117150200 +0000
+
+comment text
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'test preparation: write empty tree' \
+    'git write-tree >treeid'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'construct commit' \
+    'echo comment text |
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Author Name" \
+     GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="author@email" \
+     GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2005-05-26 23:00" \
+     GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Committer Name" \
+     GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="committer@email" \
+     GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+     TZ=GMT git commit-tree `cat treeid` >commitid 2>/dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'read commit' \
+    'git cat-file commit `cat commitid` >commit'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'compare commit' \
+    'test_cmp expected commit'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ab55eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='A simple turial in the form of a test case'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'blob'  '
+	echo "Hello World" > hello &&
+	echo "Silly example" > example &&
+
+	git update-index --add hello example &&
+
+	test blob = "$(git cat-file -t 557db03)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blob 557db03' '
+	test "Hello World" = "$(git cat-file blob 557db03)"
+'
+
+echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
+cat > diff.expect << EOF
+diff --git a/hello b/hello
+index 557db03..263414f 100644
+--- a/hello
++++ b/hello
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ Hello World
++It's a new day for git
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -p' '
+	git diff-files -p > diff.output &&
+	test_cmp diff.expect diff.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff' '
+	git diff > diff.output &&
+	test_cmp diff.expect diff.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree 2>/dev/null)
+	test 8988da15d077d4829fc51d8544c097def6644dbb = $tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index -p HEAD' '
+	test_tick &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit=$(echo "Initial commit" | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $commit &&
+	git diff-index -p HEAD > diff.output &&
+	test_cmp diff.expect diff.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD' '
+	git diff HEAD > diff.output &&
+	test_cmp diff.expect diff.output
+'
+
+cat > whatchanged.expect << EOF
+commit VARIABLE
+Author: VARIABLE
+Date:   VARIABLE
+
+    Initial commit
+
+diff --git a/example b/example
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..f24c74a
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/example
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++Silly example
+diff --git a/hello b/hello
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..557db03
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/hello
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++Hello World
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git whatchanged -p --root' '
+	git whatchanged -p --root |
+		sed -e "1s/^\(.\{7\}\).\{40\}/\1VARIABLE/" \
+		-e "2,3s/^\(.\{8\}\).*$/\1VARIABLE/" \
+	> whatchanged.output &&
+	test_cmp whatchanged.expect whatchanged.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tag my-first-tag' '
+	git tag my-first-tag &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/tags/my-first-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -b mybranch' '
+	git checkout -b mybranch &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/mybranch
+'
+
+cat > branch.expect <<EOF
+  master
+* mybranch
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch' '
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	test_cmp branch.expect branch.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git resolve now fails' '
+	git checkout mybranch &&
+	echo "Work, work, work" >>hello &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Some work." -i hello &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	echo "Play, play, play" >>hello &&
+	echo "Lots of fun" >>example &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Some fun." -i hello example &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -m "Merge work in mybranch" mybranch
+'
+
+cat > hello << EOF
+Hello World
+It's a new day for git
+Play, play, play
+Work, work, work
+EOF
+
+cat > show-branch.expect << EOF
+* [master] Merge work in mybranch
+ ! [mybranch] Some work.
+--
+-  [master] Merge work in mybranch
+*+ [mybranch] Some work.
+*  [master^] Some fun.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git show-branch' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Merge work in mybranch" -i hello &&
+	git show-branch --topo-order --more=1 master mybranch \
+		> show-branch.output &&
+	test_cmp show-branch.expect show-branch.output
+'
+
+cat > resolve.expect << EOF
+Updating VARIABLE..VARIABLE
+FASTFORWARD (no commit created; -m option ignored)
+ example |    1 +
+ hello   |    1 +
+ 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git resolve' '
+	git checkout mybranch &&
+	git merge -m "Merge upstream changes." master |
+		sed -e "1s/[0-9a-f]\{7\}/VARIABLE/g" \
+		-e "s/^Fast[- ]forward /FASTFORWARD /" >resolve.output &&
+	test_cmp resolve.expect resolve.output
+'
+
+cat > show-branch2.expect << EOF
+! [master] Merge work in mybranch
+ * [mybranch] Merge work in mybranch
+--
+-- [master] Merge work in mybranch
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git show-branch (part 2)' '
+	git show-branch --topo-order master mybranch > show-branch2.output &&
+	test_cmp show-branch2.expect show-branch2.output
+'
+
+cat > show-branch3.expect << EOF
+! [master] Merge work in mybranch
+ * [mybranch] Merge work in mybranch
+--
+-- [master] Merge work in mybranch
++* [master^2] Some work.
++* [master^] Some fun.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git show-branch (part 3)' '
+	git show-branch --topo-order --more=2 master mybranch \
+		> show-branch3.output &&
+	test_cmp show-branch3.expect show-branch3.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewind to "Some fun." and "Some work."' '
+	git checkout mybranch &&
+	git reset --hard master^2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard master^
+'
+
+cat > show-branch4.expect << EOF
+* [master] Some fun.
+ ! [mybranch] Some work.
+--
+*  [master] Some fun.
+ + [mybranch] Some work.
+*+ [master^] Initial commit
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git show-branch (part 4)' '
+	git show-branch --topo-order > show-branch4.output &&
+	test_cmp show-branch4.expect show-branch4.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'manual merge' '
+	mb=$(git merge-base HEAD mybranch) &&
+	git name-rev --name-only --tags $mb > name-rev.output &&
+	test "my-first-tag" = $(cat name-rev.output) &&
+
+	git read-tree -m -u $mb HEAD mybranch
+'
+
+cat > ls-files.expect << EOF
+100644 7f8b141b65fdcee47321e399a2598a235a032422 0	example
+100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1	hello
+100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2	hello
+100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3	hello
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files --stage' '
+	git ls-files --stage > ls-files.output &&
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.output
+'
+
+cat > ls-files-unmerged.expect << EOF
+100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1	hello
+100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2	hello
+100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3	hello
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files --unmerged' '
+	git ls-files --unmerged > ls-files-unmerged.output &&
+	test_cmp ls-files-unmerged.expect ls-files-unmerged.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-merge-index' '
+	test_must_fail git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files --stage (part 2)' '
+	git ls-files --stage > ls-files.output2 &&
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.output2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git repack' 'git repack'
+test_expect_success 'git prune-packed' 'git prune-packed'
+test_expect_success '-> only packed objects' '
+	git prune && # Remove conflict marked blobs
+	test $(find .git/objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f] -type f -print 2>/dev/null | wc -l) = 0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f11f98c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test git config in different settings'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test -f .git/config && rm .git/config
+
+git config core.penguin "little blue"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[core]
+	penguin = little blue
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'initial' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config Core.Movie BadPhysics
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[core]
+	penguin = little blue
+	Movie = BadPhysics
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'mixed case' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config Cores.WhatEver Second
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[core]
+	penguin = little blue
+	Movie = BadPhysics
+[Cores]
+	WhatEver = Second
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'similar section' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config CORE.UPPERCASE true
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[core]
+	penguin = little blue
+	Movie = BadPhysics
+	UPPERCASE = true
+[Cores]
+	WhatEver = Second
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'similar section' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' \
+	'git config core.penguin kingpin !blue'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' \
+	'git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[core]
+	penguin = very blue
+	Movie = BadPhysics
+	UPPERCASE = true
+	penguin = kingpin
+[Cores]
+	WhatEver = Second
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'non-match result' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+cat > .git/config <<\EOF
+[alpha]
+bar = foo
+[beta]
+baz = multiple \
+lines
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' \
+	'git config --unset beta.baz'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+[alpha]
+bar = foo
+[beta]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines is correct' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+cat > .git/config << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+		haha   ="beta" # last silly comment
+haha = hello
+	haha = bello
+[nextSection] noNewline = ouch
+EOF
+
+cp .git/config .git/config2
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset' \
+	'git config --unset-all beta.haha'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+[nextSection] noNewline = ouch
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+cp .git/config2 .git/config
+
+test_expect_success '--replace-all missing value' '
+	test_must_fail git config --replace-all beta.haha &&
+	test_cmp .git/config2 .git/config
+'
+
+rm .git/config2
+
+test_expect_success '--replace-all' \
+	'git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+	haha = gamma
+[nextSection] noNewline = ouch
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'all replaced' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config beta.haha alpha
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+	haha = alpha
+[nextSection] noNewline = ouch
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'really mean test' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config nextsection.nonewline wow
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+	haha = alpha
+[nextSection]
+	nonewline = wow
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'really really mean test' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value' 'test alpha = $(git config beta.haha)'
+git config --unset beta.haha
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+[nextSection]
+	nonewline = wow
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'unset' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config nextsection.NoNewLine "wow2 for me" "for me$"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+[nextSection]
+	nonewline = wow
+	NoNewLine = wow2 for me
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'multivar' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-match' \
+	'git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-match value' \
+	'test wow = $(git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for)'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous get' '
+	test_must_fail git config --get nextsection.nonewline
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get multivar' \
+	'git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline'
+
+git config nextsection.nonewline "wow3" "wow$"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+[nextSection]
+	nonewline = wow3
+	NoNewLine = wow2 for me
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'multivar replace' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous value' '
+	test_must_fail git config nextsection.nonewline
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous unset' '
+	test_must_fail git config --unset nextsection.nonewline
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid unset' '
+	test_must_fail git config --unset somesection.nonewline
+'
+
+git config --unset nextsection.nonewline "wow3$"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+[nextSection]
+	NoNewLine = wow2 for me
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'multivar unset' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid key' 'test_must_fail git config inval.2key blabla'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct key' 'git config 123456.a123 987'
+
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' \
+	'git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[beta] ; silly comment # another comment
+noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
+
+# empty line
+		; comment
+[nextSection]
+	NoNewLine = wow2 for me
+[123456]
+	a123 = 987
+[Version "1.2.3eX"]
+	Alpha = beta
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+beta.noindent=sillyValue
+nextsection.nonewline=wow2 for me
+123456.a123=987
+version.1.2.3eX.alpha=beta
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'working --list' \
+	'git config --list > output && cmp output expect'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+beta.noindent sillyValue
+nextsection.nonewline wow2 for me
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--get-regexp' \
+	'git config --get-regexp in > output && cmp output expect'
+
+git config --add nextsection.nonewline "wow4 for you"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+wow2 for me
+wow4 for you
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--add' \
+	'git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline > output && cmp output expect'
+
+cat > .git/config << EOF
+[novalue]
+	variable
+[emptyvalue]
+	variable =
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' \
+	'git config --get novalue.variable ^$'
+
+test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' \
+	'git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$'
+
+echo novalue.variable > expect
+
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' \
+	'git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	 cmp output expect'
+
+echo 'emptyvalue.variable ' > expect
+
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' \
+	'git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
+	 cmp output expect'
+
+echo true > expect
+
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' \
+	'git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
+	 cmp output expect'
+
+echo false > expect
+
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' \
+	'git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
+	 cmp output expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'no arguments, but no crash' '
+	test_must_fail git config >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep usage output
+'
+
+cat > .git/config << EOF
+[a.b]
+	c = d
+EOF
+
+git config a.x y
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[a.b]
+	c = d
+[a]
+	x = y
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'new section is partial match of another' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+git config b.x y
+git config a.b c
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[a.b]
+	c = d
+[a]
+	x = y
+	b = c
+[b]
+	x = y
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'new variable inserts into proper section' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' \
+	'test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l'
+
+cat > other-config << EOF
+[ein]
+	bahn = strasse
+EOF
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+ein.bahn=strasse
+EOF
+
+GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config -l > output
+
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG' 'cmp output expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' \
+	'git config --file other-config -l > output && cmp output expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir x &&
+	(
+		cd x &&
+		echo strasse >expect
+		git config --get --file ../other-config ein.bahn >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+
+'
+
+GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config anwohner.park ausweis
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[ein]
+	bahn = strasse
+[anwohner]
+	park = ausweis
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--set in alternative GIT_CONFIG' 'cmp other-config expect'
+
+cat > .git/config << EOF
+# Hallo
+	#Bello
+[branch "eins"]
+	x = 1
+[branch.eins]
+	y = 1
+	[branch "1 234 blabl/a"]
+weird
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "rename section" \
+	"git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+# Hallo
+	#Bello
+[branch "zwei"]
+	x = 1
+[branch "zwei"]
+	y = 1
+	[branch "1 234 blabl/a"]
+weird
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+
+test_expect_success "rename non-existing section" '
+	test_must_fail git config --rename-section \
+		branch."world domination" branch.drei
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+
+test_expect_success "rename another section" \
+	'git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+# Hallo
+	#Bello
+[branch "zwei"]
+	x = 1
+[branch "zwei"]
+	y = 1
+[branch "drei"]
+weird
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+
+cat >> .git/config << EOF
+[branch "vier"] z = 1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "rename a section with a var on the same line" \
+	'git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+# Hallo
+	#Bello
+[branch "zwei"]
+	x = 1
+[branch "zwei"]
+	y = 1
+[branch "drei"]
+weird
+[branch "zwei"]
+	z = 1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+
+cat >> .git/config << EOF
+  [branch "zwei"] a = 1 [branch "vier"]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "remove section" "git config --remove-section branch.zwei"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+# Hallo
+	#Bello
+[branch "drei"]
+weird
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "section was removed properly" \
+	"test_cmp expect .git/config"
+
+rm .git/config
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[gitcvs]
+	enabled = true
+	dbname = %Ggitcvs2.%a.%m.sqlite
+[gitcvs "ext"]
+	dbname = %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'section ending' '
+
+	git config gitcvs.enabled true &&
+	git config gitcvs.ext.dbname %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite &&
+	git config gitcvs.dbname %Ggitcvs2.%a.%m.sqlite &&
+	cmp .git/config expect
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success numbers '
+
+	git config kilo.gram 1k &&
+	git config mega.ton 1m &&
+	k=$(git config --int --get kilo.gram) &&
+	test z1024 = "z$k" &&
+	m=$(git config --int --get mega.ton) &&
+	test z1048576 = "z$m"
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+fatal: bad config value for 'aninvalid.unit' in .git/config
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
+
+	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
+	s=$(git config aninvalid.unit) &&
+	test "z1auto" = "z$s" &&
+	if git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual
+	then
+		echo config should have failed
+		false
+	fi &&
+	cmp actual expect
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+true
+false
+true
+false
+true
+false
+true
+false
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success bool '
+
+	git config bool.true1 01 &&
+	git config bool.true2 -1 &&
+	git config bool.true3 YeS &&
+	git config bool.true4 true &&
+	git config bool.false1 000 &&
+	git config bool.false2 "" &&
+	git config bool.false3 nO &&
+	git config bool.false4 FALSE &&
+	rm -f result &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4
+	do
+	    git config --bool --get bool.true$i >>result
+	    git config --bool --get bool.false$i >>result
+        done &&
+	cmp expect result'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid bool (--get)' '
+
+	git config bool.nobool foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git config --bool --get bool.nobool'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid bool (set)' '
+
+	test_must_fail git config --bool bool.nobool foobar'
+
+rm .git/config
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+[bool]
+	true1 = true
+	true2 = true
+	true3 = true
+	true4 = true
+	false1 = false
+	false2 = false
+	false3 = false
+	false4 = false
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set --bool' '
+
+	git config --bool bool.true1 01 &&
+	git config --bool bool.true2 -1 &&
+	git config --bool bool.true3 YeS &&
+	git config --bool bool.true4 true &&
+	git config --bool bool.false1 000 &&
+	git config --bool bool.false2 "" &&
+	git config --bool bool.false3 nO &&
+	git config --bool bool.false4 FALSE &&
+	cmp expect .git/config'
+
+rm .git/config
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+[int]
+	val1 = 1
+	val2 = -1
+	val3 = 5242880
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set --int' '
+
+	git config --int int.val1 01 &&
+	git config --int int.val2 -1 &&
+	git config --int int.val3 5m &&
+	cmp expect .git/config'
+
+rm .git/config
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+[bool]
+	true1 = true
+	true2 = true
+	false1 = false
+	false2 = false
+[int]
+	int1 = 0
+	int2 = 1
+	int3 = -1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
+	(
+		echo "[bool]"
+		echo true1
+		echo true2 = true
+		echo false = false
+		echo "[int]"
+		echo int1 = 0
+		echo int2 = 1
+		echo int3 = -1
+	) >>.git/config &&
+	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true1) = true &&
+	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true2) = true &&
+	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.false) = false &&
+	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int1) = 0 &&
+	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int2) = 1 &&
+	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int3) = -1
+
+'
+
+rm .git/config
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+[bool]
+	true1 = true
+	false1 = false
+	true2 = true
+	false2 = false
+[int]
+	int1 = 0
+	int2 = 1
+	int3 = -1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set --bool-or-int' '
+	git config --bool-or-int bool.true1 true &&
+	git config --bool-or-int bool.false1 false &&
+	git config --bool-or-int bool.true2 yes &&
+	git config --bool-or-int bool.false2 no &&
+	git config --bool-or-int int.int1 0 &&
+	git config --bool-or-int int.int2 1 &&
+	git config --bool-or-int int.int3 -1 &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+rm .git/config
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+[path]
+	home = ~/
+	normal = /dev/null
+	trailingtilde = foo~
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set --path' '
+	git config --path path.home "~/" &&
+	git config --path path.normal "/dev/null" &&
+	git config --path path.trailingtilde "foo~" &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+$HOME/
+/dev/null
+foo~
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'get --path' '
+	git config --get --path path.home > result &&
+	git config --get --path path.normal >> result &&
+	git config --get --path path.trailingtilde >> result &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+'
+
+rm .git/config
+
+git config quote.leading " test"
+git config quote.ending "test "
+git config quote.semicolon "test;test"
+git config quote.hash "test#test"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+[quote]
+	leading = " test"
+	ending = "test "
+	semicolon = "test;test"
+	hash = "test#test"
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'quoting' 'cmp .git/config expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with newline' '
+	test_must_fail git config "key.with
+newline" 123'
+
+test_expect_success 'value with newline' 'git config key.sub value.with\\\
+newline'
+
+cat > .git/config <<\EOF
+[section]
+	; comment \
+	continued = cont\
+inued
+	noncont   = not continued ; \
+	quotecont = "cont;\
+inued"
+EOF
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+section.continued=continued
+section.noncont=not continued
+section.quotecont=cont;inued
+EOF
+
+git config --list > result
+
+test_expect_success 'value continued on next line' 'cmp result expect'
+
+cat > .git/config <<\EOF
+[section "sub=section"]
+	val1 = foo=bar
+	val2 = foo\nbar
+	val3 = \n\n
+	val4 =
+	val5
+EOF
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+section.sub=section.val1
+foo=barQsection.sub=section.val2
+foo
+barQsection.sub=section.val3
+
+
+Qsection.sub=section.val4
+Qsection.sub=section.val5Q
+EOF
+
+git config --null --list | perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/' > result
+echo >>result
+
+test_expect_success '--null --list' 'cmp result expect'
+
+git config --null --get-regexp 'val[0-9]' | perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/' > result
+echo >>result
+
+test_expect_success '--null --get-regexp' 'cmp result expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'inner whitespace kept verbatim' '
+	git config section.val "foo 	  bar" &&
+	test "z$(git config section.val)" = "zfoo 	  bar"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
+
+	ln -s notyet myconfig &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.frotz nitfol &&
+	test -h myconfig &&
+	test -f notyet &&
+	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.xyzzy rezrov &&
+	test -h myconfig &&
+	test -f notyet &&
+	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
+	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy)" = zrezrov
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
+	git config alias.split-cmdline-fix 'echo \"' &&
+	test_must_fail git split-cmdline-fix &&
+	echo foo > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m 'initial commit' &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions 'echo \"' &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh b/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..de42d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test shared repository initialization'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Remove a default ACL from the test dir if possible.
+setfacl -k . 2>/dev/null
+
+# User must have read permissions to the repo -> failure on --shared=0400
+test_expect_success 'shared = 0400 (faulty permission u-w)' '
+	mkdir sub && (
+		cd sub && git init --shared=0400
+	)
+	ret="$?"
+	rm -rf sub
+	test $ret != "0"
+'
+
+modebits () {
+	ls -l "$1" | sed -e 's|^\(..........\).*|\1|'
+}
+
+for u in 002 022
+do
+	test_expect_success POSIXPERM "shared=1 does not clear bits preset by umask $u" '
+		mkdir sub && (
+			cd sub &&
+			umask $u &&
+			git init --shared=1 &&
+			test 1 = "$(git config core.sharedrepository)"
+		) &&
+		actual=$(ls -l sub/.git/HEAD)
+		case "$actual" in
+		-rw-rw-r--*)
+			: happy
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo Oops, .git/HEAD is not 0664 but $actual
+			false
+			;;
+		esac
+	'
+	rm -rf sub
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'shared=all' '
+	mkdir sub &&
+	cd sub &&
+	git init --shared=all &&
+	test 2 = $(git config core.sharedrepository)
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'update-server-info honors core.sharedRepository' '
+	: > a1 &&
+	git add a1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m a1 &&
+	umask 0277 &&
+	git update-server-info &&
+	actual="$(ls -l .git/info/refs)" &&
+	case "$actual" in
+	-r--r--r--*)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo Oops, .git/info/refs is not 0444
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+for u in	0660:rw-rw---- \
+		0640:rw-r----- \
+		0600:rw------- \
+		0666:rw-rw-rw- \
+		0664:rw-rw-r--
+do
+	x=$(expr "$u" : ".*:\([rw-]*\)") &&
+	y=$(echo "$x" | sed -e "s/w/-/g") &&
+	u=$(expr "$u" : "\([0-7]*\)") &&
+	git config core.sharedrepository "$u" &&
+	umask 0277 &&
+
+	test_expect_success POSIXPERM "shared = $u ($y) ro" '
+
+		rm -f .git/info/refs &&
+		git update-server-info &&
+		actual="$(modebits .git/info/refs)" &&
+		test "x$actual" = "x-$y" || {
+			ls -lt .git/info
+			false
+		}
+	'
+
+	umask 077 &&
+	test_expect_success POSIXPERM "shared = $u ($x) rw" '
+
+		rm -f .git/info/refs &&
+		git update-server-info &&
+		actual="$(modebits .git/info/refs)" &&
+		test "x$actual" = "x-$x" || {
+			ls -lt .git/info
+			false
+		}
+
+	'
+
+done
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git reflog expire honors core.sharedRepository' '
+	git config core.sharedRepository group &&
+	git reflog expire --all &&
+	actual="$(ls -l .git/logs/refs/heads/master)" &&
+	case "$actual" in
+	-rw-rw-*)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo Ooops, .git/logs/refs/heads/master is not 0662 [$actual]
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'forced modes' '
+	mkdir -p templates/hooks &&
+	echo update-server-info >templates/hooks/post-update &&
+	chmod +x templates/hooks/post-update &&
+	echo : >random-file &&
+	mkdir new &&
+	(
+		cd new &&
+		umask 002 &&
+		git init --shared=0660 --template=../templates &&
+		>frotz &&
+		git add frotz &&
+		git commit -a -m initial &&
+		git repack
+	) &&
+	# List repository files meant to be protected; note that
+	# COMMIT_EDITMSG does not matter---0mode is not about a
+	# repository with a work tree.
+	find new/.git -type f -name COMMIT_EDITMSG -prune -o -print |
+	xargs ls -ld >actual &&
+
+	# Everything must be unaccessible to others
+	test -z "$(sed -e "/^.......---/d" actual)" &&
+
+	# All directories must have either 2770 or 770
+	test -z "$(sed -n -e "/^drwxrw[sx]---/d" -e "/^d/p" actual)" &&
+
+	# post-update hook must be 0770
+	test -z "$(sed -n -e "/post-update/{
+		/^-rwxrwx---/d
+		p
+	}" actual)" &&
+
+	# All files inside objects must be accessible by us
+	test -z "$(sed -n -e "/objects\//{
+		/^d/d
+		/^-r.-r.----/d
+		p
+	}" actual)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8d305b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy
+#
+
+test_description='Test repository version check'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >test.patch <<EOF
+diff --git a/test.txt b/test.txt
+new file mode 100644
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/test.txt
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++123
+EOF
+
+test_create_repo "test"
+test_create_repo "test2"
+
+GIT_CONFIG=test2/.git/config git config core.repositoryformatversion 99 || exit 1
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir selection on normal repos' '
+	(test "$(git config core.repositoryformatversion)" = 0 &&
+	cd test &&
+	test "$(git config core.repositoryformatversion)" = 0)'
+
+# Make sure it would stop at test2, not trash
+test_expect_success 'gitdir selection on unsupported repo' '
+	(cd test2 &&
+	test "$(git config core.repositoryformatversion)" = 99)'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir not required mode' '
+	(git apply --stat test.patch &&
+	cd test && git apply --stat ../test.patch &&
+	cd ../test2 && git apply --stat ../test.patch)'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir required mode on normal repos' '
+	(git apply --check --index test.patch &&
+	cd test && git apply --check --index ../test.patch)'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitdir required mode on unsupported repo' '
+	(cd test2 && test_must_fail git apply --check --index ../test.patch)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh b/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..080117c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test wacky input to git config'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup() {
+	(printf "[section]\n" &&
+	printf "  key = foo") >.git/config
+}
+
+check() {
+	echo "$2" >expected
+	git config --get "$1" >actual 2>&1
+	test_cmp actual expected
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'modify same key' '
+	setup &&
+	git config section.key bar &&
+	check section.key bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add key in same section' '
+	setup &&
+	git config section.other bar &&
+	check section.key foo &&
+	check section.other bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add key in different section' '
+	setup &&
+	git config section2.key bar &&
+	check section.key foo &&
+	check section2.key bar
+'
+
+SECTION="test.q\"s\\sq'sp e.key"
+test_expect_success 'make sure git config escapes section names properly' '
+	git config "$SECTION" bar &&
+	check "$SECTION" bar
+'
+
+LONG_VALUE=$(printf "x%01021dx a" 7)
+test_expect_success 'do not crash on special long config line' '
+	setup &&
+	git config section.key "$LONG_VALUE" &&
+	check section.key "fatal: bad config file line 2 in .git/config"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..54ba3df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='Test git update-ref and basic ref logging'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+Z=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for name in A B C D E F
+	do
+		test_tick &&
+		T=$(git write-tree) &&
+		sha1=$(echo $name | git commit-tree $T) &&
+		eval $name=$sha1
+	done
+
+'
+
+m=refs/heads/master
+n_dir=refs/heads/gu
+n=$n_dir/fixes
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m" \
+	"git update-ref $m $A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m" \
+	"git update-ref $m $B $A &&
+	 test $B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success "fail to delete $m with stale ref" '
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d $m $A &&
+	test $B = "$(cat .git/$m)"
+'
+test_expect_success "delete $m" '
+	git update-ref -d $m $B &&
+	! test -f .git/$m
+'
+rm -f .git/$m
+
+test_expect_success "delete $m without oldvalue verification" "
+	git update-ref $m $A &&
+	test $A = \$(cat .git/$m) &&
+	git update-ref -d $m &&
+	! test -f .git/$m
+"
+rm -f .git/$m
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"fail to create $n" \
+	"touch .git/$n_dir
+	 git update-ref $n $A >out 2>err"'
+	 test $? != 0'
+rm -f .git/$n_dir out err
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $B $A &&
+	 test $B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success "fail to delete $m (by HEAD) with stale ref" '
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d HEAD $A &&
+	test $B = $(cat .git/$m)
+'
+test_expect_success "delete $m (by HEAD)" '
+	git update-ref -d HEAD $B &&
+	! test -f .git/$m
+'
+rm -f .git/$m
+
+cp -f .git/HEAD .git/HEAD.orig
+test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference" '
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d HEAD &&
+	! test -f .git/HEAD
+'
+cp -f .git/HEAD.orig .git/HEAD
+
+test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference when the referred ref is packed" '
+	echo foo >foo.c &&
+	git add foo.c &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d HEAD &&
+	! test -f .git/HEAD
+'
+cp -f .git/HEAD.orig .git/HEAD
+git update-ref -d $m
+
+test_expect_success '(not) create HEAD with old sha1' "
+	test_must_fail git update-ref HEAD $A $B
+"
+test_expect_success "(not) prior created .git/$m" "
+	! test -f .git/$m
+"
+rm -f .git/$m
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"create HEAD" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $A"
+test_expect_success '(not) change HEAD with wrong SHA1' "
+	test_must_fail git update-ref HEAD $B $Z
+"
+test_expect_success "(not) changed .git/$m" "
+	! test $B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')
+'
+rm -f .git/$m
+
+: a repository with working tree always has reflog these days...
+: >.git/logs/refs/heads/master
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (logged by touch)" \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	 git update-ref HEAD '"$A"' -m "Initial Creation" &&
+	 test '"$A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"update $m (logged by touch)" \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:31" \
+	 git update-ref HEAD'" $B $A "'-m "Switch" &&
+	 test '"$B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"set $m (logged by touch)" \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:41" \
+	 git update-ref HEAD'" $A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+$Z $A $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	Initial Creation
+$A $B $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150260 +0000	Switch
+$B $A $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150860 +0000
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	"verifying $m's log" \
+	"test_cmp expect .git/logs/$m"
+rm -rf .git/$m .git/logs expect
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'enable core.logAllRefUpdates' \
+	'git config core.logAllRefUpdates true &&
+	 test true = $(git config --bool --get core.logAllRefUpdates)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (logged by config)" \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:32" \
+	 git update-ref HEAD'" $A "'-m "Initial Creation" &&
+	 test '"$A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"update $m (logged by config)" \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:33" \
+	 git update-ref HEAD'" $B $A "'-m "Switch" &&
+	 test '"$B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"set $m (logged by config)" \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:43" \
+	 git update-ref HEAD '"$A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+$Z $A $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150320 +0000	Initial Creation
+$A $B $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150380 +0000	Switch
+$B $A $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150980 +0000
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	"verifying $m's log" \
+	'test_cmp expect .git/logs/$m'
+rm -f .git/$m .git/logs/$m expect
+
+git update-ref $m $D
+cat >.git/logs/$m <<EOF
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $C $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150320 -0500
+$C $A $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150350 -0500
+$A $B $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150380 -0500
+$F $Z $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150680 -0500
+$Z $E $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150980 -0500
+EOF
+
+ed="Thu, 26 May 2005 18:32:00 -0500"
+gd="Thu, 26 May 2005 18:33:00 -0500"
+ld="Thu, 26 May 2005 18:43:00 -0500"
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{May 25 2005}" (before history)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 25 2005}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "warning: Log for '\'master\'' only goes back to $ed." = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	"Query master@{2005-05-25} (before history)" \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify master@{2005-05-25} >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 echo test "warning: Log for '\'master\'' only goes back to $ed." = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{May 26 2005 23:31:59}" (1 second before history)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 26 2005 23:31:59}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "warning: Log for '\''master'\'' only goes back to $ed." = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:00}" (exactly history start)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:00}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$C"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:30}" (first non-creation change)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{May 26 2005 23:32:30}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$A"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" (middle of history with gap)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$B"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m has gap after $gd"'." = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" (middle of history)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$Z"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:43:00}" (exact end of history)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:43:00}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$E"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "" = "$(cat e)"'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Query "master@{2005-05-28}" (past end of history)' \
+	'rm -f o e
+	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-28}" >o 2>e &&
+	 test '"$D"' = $(cat o) &&
+	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m unexpectedly ended on $ld"'." = "$(cat e)"'
+
+
+rm -f .git/$m .git/logs/$m expect
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'creating initial files' \
+    'echo TEST >F &&
+     git add F &&
+	 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" git commit -m add -a &&
+	 h_TEST=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	 echo The other day this did not work. >M &&
+	 echo And then Bob told me how to fix it. >>M &&
+	 echo OTHER >F &&
+	 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2005-05-26 23:41" \
+	 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:41" git commit -F M -a &&
+	 h_OTHER=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2005-05-26 23:44" \
+	 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:44" git commit --amend &&
+	 h_FIXED=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	 echo Merged initial commit and a later commit. >M &&
+	 echo $h_TEST >.git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2005-05-26 23:45" \
+	 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:45" git commit -F M &&
+	 h_MERGED=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	 rm -f M'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+$Z $h_TEST $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	commit (initial): add
+$h_TEST $h_OTHER $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150860 +0000	commit: The other day this did not work.
+$h_OTHER $h_FIXED $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117151040 +0000	commit (amend): The other day this did not work.
+$h_FIXED $h_MERGED $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117151100 +0000	commit (merge): Merged initial commit and a later commit.
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'git commit logged updates' \
+	"test_cmp expect .git/logs/$m"
+unset h_TEST h_OTHER h_FIXED h_MERGED
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'git cat-file blob master:F (expect OTHER)' \
+	'test OTHER = $(git cat-file blob master:F)'
+test_expect_success \
+	'git cat-file blob master@{2005-05-26 23:30}:F (expect TEST)' \
+	'test TEST = $(git cat-file blob "master@{2005-05-26 23:30}:F")'
+test_expect_success \
+	'git cat-file blob master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F (expect OTHER)' \
+	'test OTHER = $(git cat-file blob "master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F")'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7fa5f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic symbolic-ref tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# If the tests munging HEAD fail, they can break detection of
+# the git repo, meaning that further tests will operate on
+# the surrounding git repo instead of the trash directory.
+reset_to_sane() {
+	echo ref: refs/heads/foo >.git/HEAD
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref writes HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/foo &&
+	echo ref: refs/heads/foo >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref reads HEAD' '
+	echo refs/heads/foo >expect &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref refuses non-ref for HEAD' '
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD foo
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref refuses bare sha1' '
+	echo content >file && git add file && git commit -m one
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD `git rev-parse HEAD`
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..eb45afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test git check-ref-format'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+valid_ref() {
+	test_expect_success "ref name '$1' is valid" \
+		"git check-ref-format '$1'"
+}
+invalid_ref() {
+	test_expect_success "ref name '$1' is not valid" \
+		"test_must_fail git check-ref-format '$1'"
+}
+
+valid_ref 'heads/foo'
+invalid_ref 'foo'
+valid_ref 'foo/bar/baz'
+valid_ref 'refs///heads/foo'
+invalid_ref 'heads/foo/'
+invalid_ref './foo'
+invalid_ref '.refs/foo'
+invalid_ref 'heads/foo..bar'
+invalid_ref 'heads/foo?bar'
+valid_ref 'foo./bar'
+invalid_ref 'heads/foo.lock'
+valid_ref 'heads/foo@bar'
+invalid_ref 'heads/v@{ation'
+invalid_ref 'heads/foo\bar'
+
+test_expect_success "check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" '
+	T=$(git write-tree) &&
+	sha1=$(echo A | git commit-tree $T) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/master $sha1 &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master $sha1
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout origin/master &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	refname=$(git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}) &&
+	test "$refname" = "$sha1" &&
+	refname2=$(git check-ref-format --branch @{-2}) &&
+	test "$refname2" = master'
+
+valid_ref_normalized() {
+	test_expect_success "ref name '$1' simplifies to '$2'" "
+		refname=\$(git check-ref-format --print '$1') &&
+		test \"\$refname\" = '$2'"
+}
+invalid_ref_normalized() {
+	test_expect_success "check-ref-format --print rejects '$1'" "
+		test_must_fail git check-ref-format --print '$1'"
+}
+
+valid_ref_normalized 'heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
+valid_ref_normalized 'refs///heads/foo' 'refs/heads/foo'
+invalid_ref_normalized 'foo'
+invalid_ref_normalized 'heads/foo/../bar'
+invalid_ref_normalized 'heads/./foo'
+invalid_ref_normalized 'heads\foo'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1410-reflog.sh b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..80af6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Test prune and reflog expiration'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_have () {
+	gaah= &&
+	for N in "$@"
+	do
+		eval "o=\$$N" && git cat-file -t $o || {
+			echo Gaah $N
+			gaah=$N
+			break
+		}
+	done &&
+	test -z "$gaah"
+}
+
+check_fsck () {
+	output=$(git fsck --full)
+	case "$1" in
+	'')
+		test -z "$output" ;;
+	*)
+		echo "$output" | grep "$1" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+corrupt () {
+	aa=${1%??????????????????????????????????????} zz=${1#??}
+	mv .git/objects/$aa/$zz .git/$aa$zz
+}
+
+recover () {
+	aa=${1%??????????????????????????????????????} zz=${1#??}
+	mkdir -p .git/objects/$aa
+	mv .git/$aa$zz .git/objects/$aa/$zz
+}
+
+check_dont_have () {
+	gaah= &&
+	for N in "$@"
+	do
+		eval "o=\$$N"
+		git cat-file -t $o && {
+			echo Gaah $N
+			gaah=$N
+			break
+		}
+	done
+	test -z "$gaah"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir -p A/B &&
+	echo rat >C &&
+	echo ox >A/D &&
+	echo tiger >A/B/E &&
+	git add . &&
+
+	test_tick && git commit -m rabbit &&
+	H=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	A=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A` &&
+	B=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/B` &&
+	C=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:C` &&
+	D=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/D` &&
+	E=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/B/E` &&
+	check_fsck &&
+
+	test_chmod +x C &&
+	git add C &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m dragon &&
+	L=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	check_fsck &&
+
+	rm -f C A/B/E &&
+	echo snake >F &&
+	echo horse >A/G &&
+	git add F A/G &&
+	test_tick && git commit -a -m sheep &&
+	F=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:F` &&
+	G=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A/G` &&
+	I=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD:A` &&
+	J=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	check_fsck &&
+
+	rm -f A/G &&
+	test_tick && git commit -a -m monkey &&
+	K=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	check_fsck &&
+
+	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
+
+	git prune &&
+
+	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
+
+	check_fsck &&
+
+	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
+	test $loglen = 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success rewind '
+	test_tick && git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
+	test -f C &&
+	test -f A/B/E &&
+	! test -f F &&
+	! test -f A/G &&
+
+	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
+
+	git prune &&
+
+	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
+
+	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
+	test $loglen = 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'corrupt and check' '
+
+	corrupt $F &&
+	check_fsck "missing blob $F"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog expire --dry-run should not touch reflog' '
+
+	git reflog expire --dry-run \
+		--expire=$(($test_tick - 10000)) \
+		--expire-unreachable=$(($test_tick - 10000)) \
+		--stale-fix \
+		--all &&
+
+	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
+	test $loglen = 5 &&
+
+	check_fsck "missing blob $F"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog expire' '
+
+	git reflog expire --verbose \
+		--expire=$(($test_tick - 10000)) \
+		--expire-unreachable=$(($test_tick - 10000)) \
+		--stale-fix \
+		--all &&
+
+	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
+	test $loglen = 2 &&
+
+	check_fsck "dangling commit $K"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune and fsck' '
+
+	git prune &&
+	check_fsck &&
+
+	check_have A B C D E H L &&
+	check_dont_have F G I J K
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recover and check' '
+
+	recover $F &&
+	check_fsck "dangling blob $F"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete' '
+	echo 1 > C &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m rat C &&
+
+	echo 2 > C &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ox C &&
+
+	echo 3 > C &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m tiger C &&
+
+	HEAD_entry_count=$(git reflog | wc -l)
+	master_entry_count=$(git reflog show master | wc -l)
+
+	test $HEAD_entry_count = 5 &&
+	test $master_entry_count = 5 &&
+
+
+	git reflog delete master@{1} &&
+	git reflog show master > output &&
+	test $(($master_entry_count - 1)) = $(wc -l < output) &&
+	test $HEAD_entry_count = $(git reflog | wc -l) &&
+	! grep ox < output &&
+
+	master_entry_count=$(wc -l < output)
+
+	git reflog delete HEAD@{1} &&
+	test $(($HEAD_entry_count -1)) = $(git reflog | wc -l) &&
+	test $master_entry_count = $(git reflog show master | wc -l) &&
+
+	HEAD_entry_count=$(git reflog | wc -l)
+
+	git reflog delete master@{07.04.2005.15:15:00.-0700} &&
+	git reflog show master > output &&
+	test $(($master_entry_count - 1)) = $(wc -l < output) &&
+	! grep dragon < output
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c18ed8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test reflog display routines'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{0} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log -g shows reflog headers' '
+	git log -g -1 >tmp &&
+	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+e46513e HEAD@{0}: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'oneline reflog format' '
+	git log -g -1 --oneline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using @{now} syntax shows reflog date (multiline)' '
+	git log -g -1 HEAD@{now} >tmp &&
+	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+e46513e HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700}: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using @{now} syntax shows reflog date (oneline)' '
+	git log -g -1 --oneline HEAD@{now} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{1112911993 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (multiline)' '
+	git log -g -1 --date=raw >tmp &&
+	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+e46513e HEAD@{1112911993 -0700}: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (oneline)' '
+	git log -g -1 --oneline --date=raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1420-lost-found.sh b/t/t1420-lost-found.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dc9e402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1420-lost-found.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test fsck --lost-found'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config core.logAllRefUpdates 0 &&
+	: > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo 1 > file1 &&
+	echo 2 > file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	echo 3 > file3 &&
+	git add file3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lost and found something' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD > lost-commit &&
+	git rev-parse :file3 > lost-other &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git fsck --lost-found &&
+	test 2 = $(ls .git/lost-found/*/* | wc -l) &&
+	test -f .git/lost-found/commit/$(cat lost-commit) &&
+	test -f .git/lost-found/other/$(cat lost-other)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a22632f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git fsck random collection of tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A fileA one &&
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	test_commit B fileB two &&
+	git tag -d A B &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=now --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'HEAD is part of refs' '
+	test 0 = $(git fsck | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'loose objects borrowed from alternate are not missing' '
+	mkdir another &&
+	(
+		cd another &&
+		git init &&
+		echo ../../../.git/objects >.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+		test_commit C fileC one &&
+		git fsck >out &&
+		! grep "missing blob" out
+	)
+'
+
+# Corruption tests follow.  Make sure to remove all traces of the
+# specific corruption you test afterwards, lest a later test trip over
+# it.
+
+test_expect_success 'object with bad sha1' '
+	sha=$(echo blob | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	echo $sha &&
+	old=$(echo $sha | sed "s+^..+&/+") &&
+	new=$(dirname $old)/ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff &&
+	sha="$(dirname $new)$(basename $new)"
+	mv .git/objects/$old .git/objects/$new &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $sha foo &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	cmt=$(echo bogus | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus $cmt &&
+	(git fsck 2>out; true) &&
+	grep "$sha.*corrupt" out &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/$new &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch pointing to non-commit' '
+	git rev-parse HEAD^{tree} > .git/refs/heads/invalid &&
+	git fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "not a commit" out &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/invalid
+'
+
+cat > invalid-tag <<EOF
+object ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+type commit
+tag invalid
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1234567890 -0000
+
+This is an invalid tag.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_failure 'tag pointing to nonexistent' '
+	tag=$(git hash-object -w --stdin < invalid-tag) &&
+	echo $tag > .git/refs/tags/invalid &&
+	git fsck --tags 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "could not load tagged object" out &&
+	rm .git/refs/tags/invalid
+'
+
+cat > wrong-tag <<EOF
+object $(echo blob | git hash-object -w --stdin)
+type commit
+tag wrong
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1234567890 -0000
+
+This is an invalid tag.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_failure 'tag pointing to something else than its type' '
+	tag=$(git hash-object -w --stdin < wrong-tag) &&
+	echo $tag > .git/refs/tags/wrong &&
+	git fsck --tags 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "some sane error message" out &&
+	rm .git/refs/tags/wrong
+'
+
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh b/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..48ee077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git rev-parse'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_rev_parse() {
+	name=$1
+	shift
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: is-bare-repository" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-git-dir" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-work-tree" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: prefix" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: git-dir" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --git-dir)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+}
+
+# label is-bare is-inside-git is-inside-work prefix git-dir
+
+ROOT=$(pwd)
+
+test_rev_parse toplevel false false true '' .git
+
+cd .git || exit 1
+test_rev_parse .git/ false true false '' .
+cd objects || exit 1
+test_rev_parse .git/objects/ false true false '' "$ROOT/.git"
+cd ../.. || exit 1
+
+mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
+cd sub/dir || exit 1
+test_rev_parse subdirectory false false true sub/dir/ "$ROOT/.git"
+cd ../.. || exit 1
+
+git config core.bare true
+test_rev_parse 'core.bare = true' true false false
+
+git config --unset core.bare
+test_rev_parse 'core.bare undefined' false false true
+
+mkdir work || exit 1
+cd work || exit 1
+GIT_DIR=../.git
+GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/../.git/config
+export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+
+git config core.bare false
+test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare = false' false false true ''
+
+git config core.bare true
+test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare = true' true false false ''
+
+git config --unset core.bare
+test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../.git, core.bare undefined' false false true ''
+
+mv ../.git ../repo.git || exit 1
+GIT_DIR=../repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/../repo.git/config
+
+git config core.bare false
+test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare = false' false false true ''
+
+git config core.bare true
+test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare = true' true false false ''
+
+git config --unset core.bare
+test_rev_parse 'GIT_DIR=../repo.git, core.bare undefined' false false true ''
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1501-worktree.sh b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9df3012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test separate work tree'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_rev_parse() {
+	name=$1
+	shift
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: is-bare-repository" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-git-dir" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-work-tree" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+
+	test_expect_success "$name: prefix" \
+	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)\""
+	shift
+	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
+}
+
+EMPTY_TREE=$(git write-tree)
+mkdir -p work/sub/dir || exit 1
+mv .git repo.git || exit 1
+
+say "core.worktree = relative path"
+GIT_DIR=repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config
+export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+unset GIT_WORK_TREE
+git config core.worktree ../work
+test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
+cd work || exit 1
+GIT_DIR=../repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config
+test_rev_parse 'inside'       false false true ''
+cd sub/dir || exit 1
+GIT_DIR=../../../repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config
+test_rev_parse 'subdirectory' false false true sub/dir/
+cd ../../.. || exit 1
+
+say "core.worktree = absolute path"
+GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config
+git config core.worktree "$(pwd)/work"
+test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
+cd work || exit 1
+test_rev_parse 'inside'       false false true ''
+cd sub/dir || exit 1
+test_rev_parse 'subdirectory' false false true sub/dir/
+cd ../../.. || exit 1
+
+say "GIT_WORK_TREE=relative path (override core.worktree)"
+GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config
+git config core.worktree non-existent
+GIT_WORK_TREE=work
+export GIT_WORK_TREE
+test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
+cd work || exit 1
+GIT_WORK_TREE=.
+test_rev_parse 'inside'       false false true ''
+cd sub/dir || exit 1
+GIT_WORK_TREE=../..
+test_rev_parse 'subdirectory' false false true sub/dir/
+cd ../../.. || exit 1
+
+mv work repo.git/work
+
+say "GIT_WORK_TREE=absolute path, work tree below git dir"
+GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git
+GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config
+GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd)/repo.git/work
+test_rev_parse 'outside'              false false false
+cd repo.git || exit 1
+test_rev_parse 'in repo.git'              false true  false
+cd objects || exit 1
+test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/objects'      false true  false
+cd ../work || exit 1
+test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/work'         false true true ''
+cd sub/dir || exit 1
+test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/sub/dir' false true true sub/dir/
+cd ../../../.. || exit 1
+
+test_expect_success 'repo finds its work tree' '
+	(cd repo.git &&
+	 : > work/sub/dir/untracked &&
+	 test sub/dir/untracked = "$(git ls-files --others)")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repo finds its work tree from work tree, too' '
+	(cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
+	 : > tracked &&
+	 git --git-dir=../../.. add tracked &&
+	 cd ../../.. &&
+	 test sub/dir/tracked = "$(git ls-files)")
+'
+
+test_expect_success '_gently() groks relative GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE' '
+	(cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
+	GIT_DIR=../../.. GIT_WORK_TREE=../.. GIT_PAGER= \
+		git diff --exit-code tracked &&
+	echo changed > tracked &&
+	! GIT_DIR=../../.. GIT_WORK_TREE=../.. GIT_PAGER= \
+		git diff --exit-code tracked)
+'
+cat > diff-index-cached.expected <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 A	sub/dir/tracked
+EOF
+cat > diff-index.expected <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 A	sub/dir/tracked
+EOF
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index' '
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff-index $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
+	test_cmp diff-index.expected result &&
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git git diff-index --cached $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
+	test_cmp diff-index-cached.expected result
+'
+cat >diff-files.expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	sub/dir/tracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff-files > result &&
+	test_cmp diff-files.expected result
+'
+
+cat >diff-TREE.expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..5ea2ed4
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/sub/dir/tracked
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++changed
+EOF
+cat >diff-TREE-cached.expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..e69de29
+EOF
+cat >diff-FILES.expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
+index e69de29..5ea2ed4 100644
+--- a/sub/dir/tracked
++++ b/sub/dir/tracked
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++changed
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff' '
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
+	test_cmp diff-TREE.expected result &&
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git git diff --cached $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
+	test_cmp diff-TREE-cached.expected result &&
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff > result &&
+	test_cmp diff-FILES.expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git grep' '
+	(cd repo.git/work/sub &&
+	GIT_DIR=../.. GIT_WORK_TREE=.. git grep -l changed | grep dir/tracked)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit' '
+	(
+		cd repo.git &&
+		GIT_DIR=. GIT_WORK_TREE=work git commit -a -m done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute pathspec should fail gracefully' '
+	(
+		cd repo.git || exit 1
+		git config --unset core.worktree
+		test_must_fail git log HEAD -- /home
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make_relative_path handles double slashes in GIT_DIR' '
+	: > dummy_file
+	echo git --git-dir="$(pwd)//repo.git" --work-tree="$(pwd)" add dummy_file &&
+	git --git-dir="$(pwd)//repo.git" --work-tree="$(pwd)" add dummy_file
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e504058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git rev-parse --parseopt'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat > expect.err <<EOF
+usage: some-command [options] <args>...
+
+    some-command does foo and bar!
+
+    -h, --help            show the help
+    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
+    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
+
+An option group Header
+    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
+
+Extras
+    --extra1              line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
+
+EOF
+
+cat > optionspec << EOF
+some-command [options] <args>...
+
+some-command does foo and bar!
+--
+h,help    show the help
+
+foo       some nifty option --foo
+bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
+
+ An option group Header
+C?        option C with an optional argument
+
+Extras
+extra1    line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt help output' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- -h 2> output.err < optionspec
+	test_cmp expect.err output.err
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --foo --bar 'ham' -- 'arg'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo --bar=ham arg < optionspec > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt with mixed options and arguments' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --foo -- 'arg' '--bar=ham'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt with --' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo -- arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stop-at-non-option' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stop-at-non-option -- --foo arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --foo -- '--' 'arg' '--bar=ham'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --keep-dashdash' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --keep-dashdash -- --foo -- arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh b/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cc65394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder
+#
+test_description='test git rev-parse --verify'
+
+exec </dev/null
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+add_line_into_file()
+{
+    _line=$1
+    _file=$2
+
+    if [ -f "$_file" ]; then
+        echo "$_line" >> $_file || return $?
+        MSG="Add <$_line> into <$_file>."
+    else
+        echo "$_line" > $_file || return $?
+        git add $_file || return $?
+        MSG="Create file <$_file> with <$_line> inside."
+    fi
+
+    test_tick
+    git commit --quiet -m "$MSG" $_file
+}
+
+HASH1=
+HASH2=
+HASH3=
+HASH4=
+
+test_expect_success 'set up basic repo with 1 file (hello) and 4 commits' '
+	add_line_into_file "1: Hello World" hello &&
+	HASH1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "2: A new day for git" hello &&
+	HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "3: Another new day for git" hello &&
+	HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "4: Ciao for now" hello &&
+	HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'works with one good rev' '
+	rev_hash1=$(git rev-parse --verify $HASH1) &&
+	test "$rev_hash1" = "$HASH1" &&
+	rev_hash2=$(git rev-parse --verify $HASH2) &&
+	test "$rev_hash2" = "$HASH2" &&
+	rev_hash3=$(git rev-parse --verify $HASH3) &&
+	test "$rev_hash3" = "$HASH3" &&
+	rev_hash4=$(git rev-parse --verify $HASH4) &&
+	test "$rev_hash4" = "$HASH4" &&
+	rev_master=$(git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$rev_master" = "$HASH4" &&
+	rev_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$rev_head" = "$HASH4"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails with any bad rev or many good revs' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 2>error &&
+	grep "single revision" error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify foo 2>error &&
+	grep "single revision" error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify HEAD bar 2>error &&
+	grep "single revision" error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify baz HEAD 2>error &&
+	grep "single revision" error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify $HASH2 HEAD 2>error &&
+	grep "single revision" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify --quiet 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify foo 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD bar 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --quiet --verify baz HEAD 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify $HASH2 HEAD 2>error &&
+	test -z "$(cat error)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no stdout output on error' '
+	test -z "$(git rev-parse --verify)" &&
+	test -z "$(git rev-parse --verify foo)" &&
+	test -z "$(git rev-parse --verify baz HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD bar)" &&
+	test -z "$(git rev-parse --verify $HASH2 HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --default' '
+	git rev-parse --verify --default master &&
+	git rev-parse --verify --default master HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse --default master --verify &&
+	git rev-parse --default master --verify HEAD &&
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD --default master &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify foo --default master &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --default HEAD --verify bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify --default HEAD baz &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --default foo --verify &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify --default bar
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..df5ad8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_prefix() {
+	test_expect_success "$1" \
+	"test '$2' = \"\$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)\""
+}
+
+test_fail() {
+	test_expect_code 128 "$1: prefix" \
+	"git rev-parse --show-prefix"
+}
+
+TRASH_ROOT="$PWD"
+ROOT_PARENT=$(dirname "$TRASH_ROOT")
+
+
+unset GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+test_prefix no_ceil ""
+
+export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=""
+test_prefix ceil_empty ""
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$ROOT_PARENT"
+test_prefix ceil_at_parent ""
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$ROOT_PARENT/"
+test_prefix ceil_at_parent_slash ""
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT"
+test_prefix ceil_at_trash ""
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/"
+test_prefix ceil_at_trash_slash ""
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub"
+test_prefix ceil_at_sub ""
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
+test_prefix ceil_at_sub_slash ""
+
+
+mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
+cd sub/dir || exit 1
+
+unset GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+test_prefix subdir_no_ceil "sub/dir/"
+
+export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=""
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_empty "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT"
+test_fail subdir_ceil_at_trash
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/"
+test_fail subdir_ceil_at_trash_slash
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub"
+test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
+test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub_slash
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir/"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir_slash "sub/dir/"
+
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/su"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_su "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/su/"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_su_slash "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/di"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_sub_di "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/di"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_sub_di_slash "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/subdi"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdi "sub/dir/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/subdi"
+test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdi_slash "sub/dir/"
+
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="/foo:$TRASH_ROOT/sub"
+test_fail second_of_two
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub:/bar"
+test_fail first_of_two
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="/foo:$TRASH_ROOT/sub:/bar"
+test_fail second_of_three
+
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub"
+GIT_DIR=../../.git
+export GIT_DIR
+test_prefix git_dir_specified ""
+unset GIT_DIR
+
+
+cd ../.. || exit 1
+mkdir -p s/d || exit 1
+cd s/d || exit 1
+
+unset GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+test_prefix sd_no_ceil "s/d/"
+
+export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=""
+test_prefix sd_ceil_empty "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT"
+test_fail sd_ceil_at_trash
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/"
+test_fail sd_ceil_at_trash_slash
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/s"
+test_fail sd_ceil_at_s
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/s/"
+test_fail sd_ceil_at_s_slash
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/s/d"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_sd "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/s/d/"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_sd_slash "s/d/"
+
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/su"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_su "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/su/"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_su_slash "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/s/di"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_s_di "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/s/di"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_s_di_slash "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sdi"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_sdi "s/d/"
+
+GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sdi"
+test_prefix sd_ceil_at_sdi_slash "s/d/"
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d709ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test @{-N} syntax'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+make_commit () {
+	echo "$1" > "$1" &&
+	git add "$1" &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	make_commit 1 &&
+	git branch side &&
+	make_commit 2 &&
+	make_commit 3 &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	make_commit 4 &&
+	git merge master &&
+	git checkout master
+
+'
+
+# 1 -- 2 -- 3 master
+#  \         \
+#   \         \
+#    --- 4 --- 5 side
+#
+# and 'side' should be the last branch
+
+test_rev_equivalent () {
+
+	git rev-parse "$1" > expect &&
+	git rev-parse "$2" > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+}
+
+test_expect_success '@{-1} works' '
+	test_rev_equivalent side @{-1}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{-1}~2 works' '
+	test_rev_equivalent side~2 @{-1}~2
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{-1}^2 works' '
+	test_rev_equivalent side^2 @{-1}^2
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{-1}@{1} works' '
+	test_rev_equivalent side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{-2} works' '
+	test_rev_equivalent master @{-2}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{-3} fails' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse @{-3}
+'
+
+test_done
+
+
diff --git a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..af721f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git rev-parse diagnosis for invalid argument'
+
+exec </dev/null
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+HASH_file=
+
+test_expect_success 'set up basic repo' '
+	echo one > file.txt &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo two > subdir/file.txt &&
+	echo three > subdir/file2.txt &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m init &&
+	echo four > index-only.txt &&
+	git add index-only.txt &&
+	echo five > disk-only.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correct file objects' '
+	HASH_file=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file.txt) &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:subdir/file.txt &&
+	git rev-parse :index-only.txt &&
+	(cd subdir &&
+	 git rev-parse HEAD:subdir/file2.txt &&
+	 test $HASH_file = $(git rev-parse HEAD:file.txt) &&
+	 test $HASH_file = $(git rev-parse :file.txt) &&
+	 test $HASH_file = $(git rev-parse :0:file.txt) )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incorrect revision id' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar:file.txt 2>error &&
+	grep "Invalid object name '"'"'foobar'"'"'." error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar 2> error &&
+	grep "unknown revision or path not in the working tree." error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incorrect file in sha1:path' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:nothing.txt 2> error &&
+	grep "fatal: Path '"'"'nothing.txt'"'"' does not exist in '"'"'HEAD'"'"'" error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:index-only.txt 2> error &&
+	grep "fatal: Path '"'"'index-only.txt'"'"' exists on disk, but not in '"'"'HEAD'"'"'." error &&
+	(cd subdir &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:file2.txt 2> error &&
+	 grep "Did you mean '"'"'HEAD:subdir/file2.txt'"'"'?" error )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incorrect file in :path and :N:path' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse :nothing.txt 2> error &&
+	grep "fatal: Path '"'"'nothing.txt'"'"' does not exist (neither on disk nor in the index)." error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse :1:nothing.txt 2> error &&
+	grep "Path '"'"'nothing.txt'"'"' does not exist (neither on disk nor in the index)." error &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse :1:file.txt 2> error &&
+	grep "Did you mean '"'"':0:file.txt'"'"'?" error &&
+	(cd subdir &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse :1:file.txt 2> error &&
+	 grep "Did you mean '"'"':0:file.txt'"'"'?" error &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse :file2.txt 2> error &&
+	 grep "Did you mean '"'"':0:subdir/file2.txt'"'"'?" error &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse :2:file2.txt 2> error &&
+	 grep "Did you mean '"'"':0:subdir/file2.txt'"'"'?" error) &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse :disk-only.txt 2> error &&
+	grep "fatal: Path '"'"'disk-only.txt'"'"' exists on disk, but not in the index." error
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c8dfda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test <branch>@{upstream} syntax'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	test_commit 1 &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit 2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git clone . clone &&
+	test_commit 3 &&
+	(cd clone &&
+	 test_commit 4 &&
+	 git branch --track my-side origin/side)
+
+'
+
+full_name () {
+	(cd clone &&
+	 git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "$@")
+}
+
+commit_subject () {
+	(cd clone &&
+	 git show -s --pretty=format:%s "$@")
+}
+
+test_expect_success '@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
+	test refs/remotes/origin/master = "$(full_name @{upstream})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{u} resolves to correct full name' '
+	test refs/remotes/origin/master = "$(full_name @{u})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'my-side@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
+	test refs/remotes/origin/side = "$(full_name my-side@{u})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'my-side@{u} resolves to correct commit' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	test_commit 5 &&
+	(cd clone && git fetch) &&
+	test 2 = "$(commit_subject my-side)" &&
+	test 5 = "$(commit_subject my-side@{u})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'not-tracking@{u} fails' '
+	test_must_fail full_name non-tracking@{u} &&
+	(cd clone && git checkout --no-track -b non-tracking) &&
+	test_must_fail full_name non-tracking@{u}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '<branch>@{u}@{1} resolves correctly' '
+	test_commit 6 &&
+	(cd clone && git fetch) &&
+	test 5 = $(commit_subject my-side@{u}@{1})
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{u} without specifying branch fails on a detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse @{u}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b new my-side@{u} forks from the same' '
+(
+	cd clone &&
+	git checkout -b new my-side@{u} &&
+	git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name my-side@{u} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name new@{u} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge my-side@{u} records the correct name' '
+(
+	sq="'\''" &&
+	cd clone || exit
+	git checkout master || exit
+	git branch -D new ;# can fail but is ok
+	git branch -t new my-side@{u} &&
+	git merge -s ours new@{u} &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >actual &&
+	echo "Merge remote branch ${sq}origin/side${sq}" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d other@{u}' '
+	git checkout -t -b other master &&
+	git branch -d @{u} &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout other@{u}' '
+	git branch -f master HEAD &&
+	git checkout -t -b another master &&
+	git checkout @{u} &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	echo refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+commit 8f489d01d0cc65c3b0f09504ec50b5ed02a70bd5
+Reflog: master@{0} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: branch: Created from HEAD
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
+
+    3
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log -g other@{u}' '
+	git log -1 -g other@{u} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+commit 8f489d01d0cc65c3b0f09504ec50b5ed02a70bd5
+Reflog: master@{Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: branch: Created from HEAD
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
+
+    3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'log -g other@{u}@{now}' '
+	git log -1 -g other@{u}@{now} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5d6244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test various @{X} syntax combinations together'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check() {
+test_expect_${3:-success} "$1 = $2" "
+	echo '$2' >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+"
+}
+nonsense() {
+test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
+	test_must_fail git log -1 '$1'
+"
+}
+fail() {
+	"$@" failure
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit master-one &&
+	test_commit master-two &&
+	git checkout -b upstream-branch &&
+	test_commit upstream-one &&
+	test_commit upstream-two &&
+	git checkout -b old-branch &&
+	test_commit old-one &&
+	test_commit old-two &&
+	git checkout -b new-branch &&
+	test_commit new-one &&
+	test_commit new-two &&
+	git config branch.old-branch.remote . &&
+	git config branch.old-branch.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git config branch.new-branch.remote . &&
+	git config branch.new-branch.merge refs/heads/upstream-branch
+'
+
+check HEAD new-two
+check "@{1}" new-one
+check "@{-1}" old-two
+check "@{-1}@{1}" old-one
+check "@{u}" upstream-two
+check "@{u}@{1}" upstream-one
+check "@{-1}@{u}" master-two
+check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" master-one
+nonsense "@{u}@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{1}@{u}"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2000-checkout-cache-clash.sh b/t/t2000-checkout-cache-clash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..de3edb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2000-checkout-cache-clash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout-index test.
+
+This test registers the following filesystem structure in the
+cache:
+
+    path0       - a file
+    path1/file1 - a file in a directory
+
+And then tries to checkout in a work tree that has the following:
+
+    path0/file0 - a file in a directory
+    path1       - a file
+
+The git checkout-index command should fail when attempting to checkout
+path0, finding it is occupied by a directory, and path1/file1, finding
+path1 is occupied by a non-directory.  With "-f" flag, it should remove
+the conflicting paths and succeed.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+date >path0
+mkdir path1
+date >path1/file1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index --add various paths.' \
+    'git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+
+rm -fr path0 path1
+mkdir path0
+date >path0/file0
+date >path1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git checkout-index without -f should fail on conflicting work tree.' \
+    'test_must_fail git checkout-index -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git checkout-index with -f should succeed.' \
+    'git checkout-index -f -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git checkout-index conflicting paths.' \
+    'test -f path0 && test -d path1 && test -f path1/file1'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout-index -f twice with --prefix' '
+	mkdir -p tar/get &&
+	ln -s tar/get there &&
+	echo first &&
+	git checkout-index -a -f --prefix=there/ &&
+	echo second &&
+	git checkout-index -a -f --prefix=there/
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..98aa73e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout-index test.
+
+This test registers the following filesystem structure in the cache:
+
+    path0/file0	- a file in a directory
+    path1/file1 - a file in a directory
+
+and attempts to check it out when the work tree has:
+
+    path0/file0 - a file in a directory
+    path1       - a symlink pointing at "path0"
+
+Checkout cache should fail to extract path1/file1 because the leading
+path path1 is occupied by a non-directory.  With "-f" it should remove
+the symlink path1 and create directory path1 and file path1/file1.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+show_files() {
+	# show filesystem files, just [-dl] for type and name
+	find path? -ls |
+	sed -e 's/^[0-9]* * [0-9]* * \([-bcdl]\)[^ ]* *[0-9]* *[^ ]* *[^ ]* *[0-9]* [A-Z][a-z][a-z] [0-9][0-9] [^ ]* /fs: \1 /'
+	# what's in the cache, just mode and name
+	git ls-files --stage |
+	sed -e 's/^\([0-9]*\) [0-9a-f]* [0-3] /ca: \1 /'
+	# what's in the tree, just mode and name.
+	git ls-tree -r "$1" |
+	sed -e 's/^\([0-9]*\)	[^ ]*	[0-9a-f]*	/tr: \1 /'
+}
+
+mkdir path0
+date >path0/file0
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index --add path0/file0' \
+    'git update-index --add path0/file0'
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
+    'tree1=$(git write-tree)'
+test_debug 'show_files $tree1'
+
+mkdir path1
+date >path1/file1
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index --add path1/file1' \
+    'git update-index --add path1/file1'
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
+    'tree2=$(git write-tree)'
+test_debug 'show_files $tree2'
+
+rm -fr path1
+test_expect_success \
+    'read previously written tree and checkout.' \
+    'git read-tree -m $tree1 && git checkout-index -f -a'
+test_debug 'show_files $tree1'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'git update-index --add a symlink.' \
+    'ln -s path0 path1 &&
+     git update-index --add path1'
+test_expect_success \
+    'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
+    'tree3=$(git write-tree)'
+test_debug 'show_files $tree3'
+
+# Morten says "Got that?" here.
+# Test begins.
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'read previously written tree and checkout.' \
+    'git read-tree $tree2 && git checkout-index -f -a'
+test_debug 'show_files $tree2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking out conflicting path with -f' \
+    'test ! -h path0 && test -d path0 &&
+     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+     test ! -h path0/file0 && test -f path0/file0 &&
+     test ! -h path1/file1 && test -f path1/file1'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2002-checkout-cache-u.sh b/t/t2002-checkout-cache-u.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..70361c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2002-checkout-cache-u.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout-index -u test.
+
+With -u flag, git checkout-index internally runs the equivalent of
+git update-index --refresh on the checked out entry.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+'preparation' '
+echo frotz >path0 &&
+git update-index --add path0 &&
+t=$(git write-tree)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'without -u, git checkout-index smudges stat information.' '
+rm -f path0 &&
+git read-tree $t &&
+git checkout-index -f -a &&
+test_must_fail git diff-files --exit-code'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'with -u, git checkout-index picks up stat information from new files.' '
+rm -f path0 &&
+git read-tree $t &&
+git checkout-index -u -f -a &&
+git diff-files --exit-code'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..02a4fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout-index --prefix test.
+
+This test makes sure that --prefix option works as advertised, and
+also verifies that such leading path may contain symlinks, unlike
+the GIT controlled paths.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'mkdir path1 &&
+    echo frotz >path0 &&
+    echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+    git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 &&
+     mkdir path2 &&
+     ln -s path2 path1 &&
+     git checkout-index -f -a &&
+     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+     test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'use --prefix=path2/' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
+     mkdir path2 &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
+     test -f path2/path0 &&
+     test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
+     test ! -f path0 &&
+     test ! -f path1/file1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'use --prefix=tmp-' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+     test -f tmp-path0 &&
+     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+     test ! -f path0 &&
+     test ! -f path1/file1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+     echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
+     mkdir tmp-path0 &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+     test -f tmp-path0 &&
+     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+     test ! -f path0 &&
+     test ! -f path1/file1'
+
+# Linus fix #1
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+     mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
+     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
+     test -d tmp1/orary &&
+     test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
+     test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
+     test -h tmp'
+
+# Linus fix #2
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+     mkdir tmp1 &&
+     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
+     test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
+     test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
+     test -h tmp'
+
+# Linus fix #3
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' \
+    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+     mkdir tmp1 &&
+     ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
+     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+     test -f tmp-path0 &&
+     test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
+     test -d tmp-path1 &&
+     test -f tmp-path1/file1'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..36cca14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout-index --temp test.
+
+With --temp flag, git checkout-index writes to temporary merge files
+rather than the tracked path.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+'preparation' '
+mkdir asubdir &&
+echo tree1path0 >path0 &&
+echo tree1path1 >path1 &&
+echo tree1path3 >path3 &&
+echo tree1path4 >path4 &&
+echo tree1asubdir/path5 >asubdir/path5 &&
+git update-index --add path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5 &&
+t1=$(git write-tree) &&
+rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
+echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
+echo tree2path1 >path1 &&
+echo tree2path2 >path2 &&
+echo tree2path4 >path4 &&
+git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path4 &&
+t2=$(git write-tree) &&
+rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
+echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
+echo tree3path1 >path1 &&
+echo tree3path2 >path2 &&
+echo tree3path3 >path3 &&
+git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path3 &&
+t3=$(git write-tree)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout one stage 0 to temporary file' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
+git read-tree $t1 &&
+git checkout-index --temp -- path1 >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
+test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
+p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
+test -f $p &&
+test $(cat $p) = tree1path1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout all stage 0 to temporary files' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
+git read-tree $t1 &&
+git checkout-index -a --temp >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 5 &&
+for f in path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5
+do
+	test $(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
+	p=$(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+	test -f $p &&
+	test $(cat $p) = tree1$f
+done'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'prepare 3-way merge' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
+git read-tree -m $t1 $t2 $t3'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout one stage 2 to temporary file' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
+git checkout-index --stage=2 --temp -- path1 >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
+test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
+p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
+test -f $p &&
+test $(cat $p) = tree2path1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout all stage 2 to temporary files' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
+git checkout-index --all --stage=2 --temp >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 3 &&
+for f in path1 path2 path4
+do
+	test $(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
+	p=$(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+	test -f $p &&
+	test $(cat $p) = tree2$f
+done'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout all stages/one file to nothing' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
+git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path0 >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 0'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout all stages/one file to temporary files' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
+git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path1 >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
+test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
+cut "-d	" -f1 out | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test -f $s1 &&
+test -f $s2 &&
+test -f $s3 &&
+test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
+test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
+test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout some stages/one file to temporary files' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
+git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path2 >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
+test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path2 &&
+cut "-d	" -f1 out | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test $s1 = . &&
+test -f $s2 &&
+test -f $s3 &&
+test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
+test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout all stages/all files to temporary files' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
+git checkout-index -a --stage=all --temp >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 5'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'-- path0: no entry' '
+test x$(grep path0 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = x'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'-- path1: all 3 stages' '
+test $(grep path1 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path1 &&
+grep path1 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test -f $s1 &&
+test -f $s2 &&
+test -f $s3 &&
+test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
+test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
+test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'-- path2: no stage 1, have stage 2 and 3' '
+test $(grep path2 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path2 &&
+grep path2 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test $s1 = . &&
+test -f $s2 &&
+test -f $s3 &&
+test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
+test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'-- path3: no stage 2, have stage 1 and 3' '
+test $(grep path3 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path3 &&
+grep path3 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test -f $s1 &&
+test $s2 = . &&
+test -f $s3 &&
+test $(cat $s1) = tree1path3 &&
+test $(cat $s3) = tree3path3)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'-- path4: no stage 3, have stage 1 and 3' '
+test $(grep path4 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path4 &&
+grep path4 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test -f $s1 &&
+test -f $s2 &&
+test $s3 = . &&
+test $(cat $s1) = tree1path4 &&
+test $(cat $s2) = tree2path4)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'-- asubdir/path5: no stage 2 and 3 have stage 1' '
+test $(grep asubdir/path5 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = asubdir/path5 &&
+grep asubdir/path5 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+test -f $s1 &&
+test $s2 = . &&
+test $s3 = . &&
+test $(cat $s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'checkout --temp within subdir' '
+(cd asubdir &&
+ git checkout-index -a --stage=all >out &&
+ test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
+ test $(grep path5 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path5 &&
+ grep path5 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+ test -f ../$s1 &&
+ test $s2 = . &&
+ test $s3 = . &&
+ test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
+)'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+'checkout --temp symlink' '
+rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
+ln -s b a &&
+git update-index --add a &&
+t4=$(git write-tree) &&
+rm -f .git/index &&
+git read-tree $t4 &&
+git checkout-index --temp -a >out &&
+test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
+test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = a &&
+p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
+test -f $p &&
+test $(cat $p) = b'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2005-checkout-index-symlinks.sh b/t/t2005-checkout-index-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9fa5610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2005-checkout-index-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes Sixt
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout-index on filesystem w/o symlinks test.
+
+This tests that git checkout-index creates a symbolic link as a plain
+file if core.symlinks is false.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+'preparation' '
+git config core.symlinks false &&
+l=$(printf file | git hash-object -t blob -w --stdin) &&
+echo "120000 $l	symlink" | git update-index --index-info'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'the checked-out symlink must be a file' '
+git checkout-index symlink &&
+test -f symlink'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'the file must be the blob we added during the setup' '
+test "$(git hash-object -t blob symlink)" = $l'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..20f3343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+
+test_description='git checkout to switch between branches with symlink<->dir'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say "symbolic links not supported - skipping tests"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	mkdir frotz &&
+	echo hello >frotz/filfre &&
+	git add frotz/filfre &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "master has file frotz/filfre" &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+
+	echo goodbye >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "master adds file nitfol" &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+
+	git rm --cached frotz/filfre &&
+	mv frotz xyzzy &&
+	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
+	git add xyzzy/filfre frotz &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "side moves frotz/ to xyzzy/ and adds frotz->xyzzy/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch from symlink to dir' '
+
+	git checkout master
+
+'
+
+rm -fr frotz xyzzy nitfol &&
+git checkout -f master || exit
+
+test_expect_success 'switch from dir to symlink' '
+
+	git checkout side
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3e098ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 David Symonds
+
+test_description='git checkout from subdirectories'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo "base" > file0 &&
+	git add file0 &&
+	mkdir dir1 &&
+	echo "hello" > dir1/file1 &&
+	git add dir1/file1 &&
+	mkdir dir2 &&
+	echo "bonjour" > dir2/file2 &&
+	git add dir2/file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "populate tree"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove and restore with relative path' '
+
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		rm ../file0 &&
+		git checkout HEAD -- ../file0 &&
+		test "base" = "$(cat ../file0)" &&
+		rm ../dir2/file2 &&
+		git checkout HEAD -- ../dir2/file2 &&
+		test "bonjour" = "$(cat ../dir2/file2)" &&
+		rm ../file0 ./file1 &&
+		git checkout HEAD -- .. &&
+		test "base" = "$(cat ../file0)" &&
+		test "hello" = "$(cat file1)"
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with empty prefix' '
+
+	rm file0 &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- file0 &&
+	test "base" = "$(cat file0)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with simple prefix' '
+
+	rm dir1/file1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- dir1 &&
+	test "hello" = "$(cat dir1/file1)" &&
+	rm dir1/file1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- dir1/file1 &&
+	test "hello" = "$(cat dir1/file1)"
+
+'
+
+# This is not expected to work as ls-files was not designed
+# to deal with such.  Enable it when ls-files is updated.
+: test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
+
+	rm file1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 && test -f ./file1
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative path outside tree should fail' \
+	'test_must_fail git checkout HEAD -- ../../Makefile'
+
+test_expect_success 'incorrect relative path to file should fail (1)' \
+	'test_must_fail git checkout HEAD -- ../file0'
+
+test_expect_success 'incorrect relative path should fail (2)' \
+	'( cd dir1 && test_must_fail git checkout HEAD -- ./file0 )'
+
+test_expect_success 'incorrect relative path should fail (3)' \
+	'( cd dir1 && test_must_fail git checkout HEAD -- ../../file0 )'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2009-checkout-statinfo.sh b/t/t2009-checkout-statinfo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f3c2152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2009-checkout-statinfo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout should leave clean stat info'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	echo hello >world &&
+	git update-index --add world &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+	echo goodbye >world &&
+	git update-index --add world &&
+	git commit -m second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch switching' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = "" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = "" &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = "" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = ""
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'path checkout' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = "" &&
+
+	git checkout master world &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = "" &&
+
+	git checkout side world &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = "" &&
+
+	git checkout master world &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --raw)" = ""
+
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7cc0a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout and pathspecs/refspecs ambiguities'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo hello >world &&
+	echo hello >all &&
+	git add all world &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch world
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reference must be a tree' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout $(git hash-object ./all) --
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch switching' '
+	test "refs/heads/master" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" &&
+	git checkout world -- &&
+	test "refs/heads/world" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout world from the index' '
+	echo bye > world &&
+	git checkout -- world &&
+	git diff --exit-code --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non ambiguous call' '
+	git checkout all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow the most common case' '
+	git checkout world &&
+	test "refs/heads/world" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check ambiguity' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout world all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate checking out from a tree-ish' '
+	echo bye > world &&
+	git checkout world -- world &&
+	git diff --exit-code --quiet
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh b/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..15ebdc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2011-checkout-invalid-head.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout switching away from an invalid branch'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo hello >world &&
+	git add world &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not start branch from a tree' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout -b newbranch master^{tree}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout master from invalid HEAD' '
+	echo 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 >.git/HEAD &&
+	git checkout master --
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b44de9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout can switch to last branch and merge base'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo hello >world &&
+	git add world &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch other &&
+	echo "hello again" >>world &&
+	git add world &&
+	git commit -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" does not work initially' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first branch switch' '
+	git checkout other
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" switches back' '
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" switches forth' '
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/other"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detach HEAD' '
+	git checkout $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" attaches again' '
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/other"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" detaches again' '
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse other)" &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'more switches' '
+	for i in 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+	do
+		git checkout -b branch$i
+	done
+'
+
+more_switches () {
+	for i in 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+	do
+		git checkout branch$i
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to the last' '
+	more_switches &&
+	git checkout @{-1} &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/branch2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to second from the last' '
+	more_switches &&
+	git checkout @{-2} &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/branch3"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to third from the last' '
+	more_switches &&
+	git checkout @{-3} &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/branch4"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to fourth from the last' '
+	more_switches &&
+	git checkout @{-4} &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/branch5"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to twelfth from the last' '
+	more_switches &&
+	git checkout @{-12} &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/branch13"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge base test setup' '
+	git checkout -b another other &&
+	echo "hello again" >>world &&
+	git add world &&
+	git commit -m third
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'another...master' '
+	git checkout another &&
+	git checkout another...master &&
+	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '...master' '
+	git checkout another &&
+	git checkout ...master &&
+	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'master...' '
+	git checkout another &&
+	git checkout master... &&
+	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fda3f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir submodule &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git init &&
+	 test_commit first) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m superproject &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 test_commit second) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m updated.superproject
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"reset <submodule>" updates the index' '
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git reset submodule &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout <submodule>" updates the index only' '
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ submodule &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git checkout HEAD submodule &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2014-switch.sh b/t/t2014-switch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ccfb147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2014-switch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Peter MacMillan'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo Hello >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m V1 &&
+	echo Hello world >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git checkout -b other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check all changes are staged' '
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second commit' '
+	git commit -m V2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check' '
+	git diff --cached --exit-code
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh b/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c551d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout from unborn branch protects contents'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir parent &&
+	(cd parent &&
+	 git init &&
+	 echo content >file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -m base
+	) &&
+	git fetch parent master:origin
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout from unborn preserves untracked files' '
+	echo precious >expect &&
+	echo precious >file &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -b new origin &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout from unborn preserves index contents' '
+	echo precious >expect &&
+	echo precious >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -b new origin &&
+	test_cmp expect file &&
+	git show :file >file &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout from unborn merges identical index contents' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git checkout -b new origin
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh b/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4d1c2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git checkout --patch'
+
+. ./lib-patch-mode.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir dir &&
+	echo parent > dir/foo &&
+	echo dummy > bar &&
+	git add bar dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_commit second dir/foo head &&
+	set_and_save_state bar bar_work bar_index &&
+	save_head
+'
+
+# note: bar sorts before dir/foo, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'saying "n" does nothing' '
+	set_and_save_state dir/foo work head &&
+	(echo n; echo n) | git checkout -p &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_saved_state dir/foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -p' '
+	(echo n; echo y) | git checkout -p &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -p with staged changes' '
+	set_state dir/foo work index
+	(echo n; echo y) | git checkout -p &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo index index
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -p HEAD with NO staged changes: abort' '
+	set_and_save_state dir/foo work head &&
+	(echo n; echo y; echo n) | git checkout -p HEAD &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_saved_state dir/foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -p HEAD with NO staged changes: apply' '
+	(echo n; echo y; echo y) | git checkout -p HEAD &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -p HEAD with change already staged' '
+	set_state dir/foo index index
+	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
+	(echo n; echo y; echo n) | git checkout -p HEAD &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -p HEAD^' '
+	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
+	(echo n; echo y; echo n) | git checkout -p HEAD^ &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo parent parent
+'
+
+# The idea in the rest is that bar sorts first, so we always say 'y'
+# first and if the path limiter fails it'll apply to bar instead of
+# dir/foo.  There's always an extra 'n' to reject edits to dir/foo in
+# the failure case (and thus get out of the loop).
+
+test_expect_success 'path limiting works: dir' '
+	set_state dir/foo work head &&
+	(echo y; echo n) | git checkout -p dir &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'path limiting works: -- dir' '
+	set_state dir/foo work head &&
+	(echo y; echo n) | git checkout -p -- dir &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'path limiting works: HEAD^ -- dir' '
+	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
+	(echo y; echo n; echo n) | git checkout -p HEAD^ -- dir &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo parent parent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'path limiting works: foo inside dir' '
+	set_state dir/foo work head &&
+	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
+	(echo y; echo n; echo n) | (cd dir && git checkout -p foo) &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'none of this moved HEAD' '
+	verify_saved_head
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cb7effe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='undoing resolution'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_resolve_undo () {
+	msg=$1
+	shift
+	while case $# in
+	0)	break ;;
+	1|2|3)	die "Bug in check-resolve-undo test" ;;
+	esac
+	do
+		path=$1
+		shift
+		for stage in 1 2 3
+		do
+			sha1=$1
+			shift
+			case "$sha1" in
+			'') continue ;;
+			esac
+			sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify "$sha1")
+			printf "100644 %s %s\t%s\n" $sha1 $stage $path
+		done
+	done >"$msg.expect" &&
+	git ls-files --resolve-undo >"$msg.actual" &&
+	test_cmp "$msg.expect" "$msg.actual"
+}
+
+prime_resolve_undo () {
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout second^0 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git merge third^0 &&
+	echo merge does not leave anything &&
+	check_resolve_undo empty &&
+	echo different >fi/le &&
+	git add fi/le &&
+	echo resolving records &&
+	check_resolve_undo recorded fi/le initial:fi/le second:fi/le third:fi/le
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir fi &&
+	test_commit initial fi/le first &&
+	git branch side &&
+	git branch another &&
+	test_commit second fi/le second &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	test_commit third fi/le third &&
+	git checkout another &&
+	test_commit fourth fi/le fourth &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add records switch clears' '
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m merged &&
+	echo committing keeps &&
+	check_resolve_undo kept fi/le initial:fi/le second:fi/le third:fi/le &&
+	git checkout second^0 &&
+	echo switching clears &&
+	check_resolve_undo cleared
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm records reset clears' '
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m merged &&
+	echo committing keeps &&
+	check_resolve_undo kept fi/le initial:fi/le second:fi/le third:fi/le &&
+
+	echo merge clears upfront &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fourth^0 &&
+	check_resolve_undo nuked &&
+
+	git rm -f fi/le &&
+	echo resolving records &&
+	check_resolve_undo recorded fi/le initial:fi/le HEAD:fi/le fourth:fi/le &&
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo resetting discards &&
+	check_resolve_undo discarded
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plumbing clears' '
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m merged &&
+	echo committing keeps &&
+	check_resolve_undo kept fi/le initial:fi/le second:fi/le third:fi/le &&
+
+	echo plumbing clear &&
+	git update-index --clear-resolve-undo &&
+	check_resolve_undo cleared
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add records checkout -m undoes' '
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	git diff HEAD &&
+	git checkout --conflict=merge fi/le &&
+	echo checkout used the record and removed it &&
+	check_resolve_undo removed &&
+	echo the index and the work tree is unmerged again &&
+	git diff >actual &&
+	grep "^++<<<<<<<" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unmerge with plumbing' '
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	git update-index --unresolve fi/le &&
+	git ls-files -u >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget' '
+	mkdir .git/rr-cache &&
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	echo record the resolution &&
+	git rerere &&
+	rerere_id=$(cd .git/rr-cache && echo */postimage) &&
+	rerere_id=${rerere_id%/postimage} &&
+	test -f .git/rr-cache/$rerere_id/postimage &&
+	git checkout -m fi/le &&
+	echo resurrect the conflict &&
+	grep "^=======" fi/le &&
+	echo reresolve the conflict &&
+	git rerere &&
+	test "z$(cat fi/le)" = zdifferent &&
+	echo register the resolution again &&
+	git add fi/le &&
+	check_resolve_undo kept fi/le initial:fi/le second:fi/le third:fi/le &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	git rerere forget fi/le &&
+	! test -f .git/rr-cache/$rerere_id/postimage &&
+	tr "\0" "\n" <.git/MERGE_RR >actual &&
+	echo "$rerere_id	fi/le" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget (subdirectory)' '
+	rm -fr .git/rr-cache &&
+	mkdir .git/rr-cache &&
+	prime_resolve_undo &&
+	echo record the resolution &&
+	(cd fi && git rerere) &&
+	rerere_id=$(cd .git/rr-cache && echo */postimage) &&
+	rerere_id=${rerere_id%/postimage} &&
+	test -f .git/rr-cache/$rerere_id/postimage &&
+	(cd fi && git checkout -m le) &&
+	echo resurrect the conflict &&
+	grep "^=======" fi/le &&
+	echo reresolve the conflict &&
+	(cd fi && git rerere) &&
+	test "z$(cat fi/le)" = zdifferent &&
+	echo register the resolution again &&
+	(cd fi && git add le) &&
+	check_resolve_undo kept fi/le initial:fi/le second:fi/le third:fi/le &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	(cd fi && git rerere forget le) &&
+	! test -f .git/rr-cache/$rerere_id/postimage &&
+	tr "\0" "\n" <.git/MERGE_RR >actual &&
+	echo "$rerere_id	fi/le" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh b/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b7131d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2050-git-dir-relative.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check problems with relative GIT_DIR
+
+This test creates a working tree state with a file and subdir:
+
+  top (committed several times)
+  subdir (a subdirectory)
+
+It creates a commit-hook and tests it, then moves .git
+into the subdir while keeping the worktree location,
+and tries commits from the top and the subdir, checking
+that the commit-hook still gets called.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+COMMIT_FILE="$(pwd)/output"
+export COMMIT_FILE
+
+test_expect_success 'Setting up post-commit hook' '
+mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+echo >.git/hooks/post-commit "#!/bin/sh
+touch \"\${COMMIT_FILE}\"
+echo Post commit hook was called." &&
+chmod +x .git/hooks/post-commit'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-commit hook used ordinarily' '
+echo initial >top &&
+git add top
+git commit -m initial &&
+test -r "${COMMIT_FILE}"
+'
+
+rm -rf "${COMMIT_FILE}"
+mkdir subdir
+mv .git subdir
+
+test_expect_success 'post-commit-hook created and used from top dir' '
+echo changed >top &&
+git --git-dir subdir/.git add top &&
+git --git-dir subdir/.git commit -m topcommit &&
+test -r "${COMMIT_FILE}"
+'
+
+rm -rf "${COMMIT_FILE}"
+
+test_expect_success 'post-commit-hook from sub dir' '
+echo changed again >top
+cd subdir &&
+git --git-dir .git --work-tree .. add ../top &&
+git --git-dir .git --work-tree .. commit -m subcommit &&
+test -r "${COMMIT_FILE}"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2100-update-cache-badpath.sh b/t/t2100-update-cache-badpath.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2df3fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2100-update-cache-badpath.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git update-index nonsense-path test.
+
+This test creates the following structure in the cache:
+
+    path0       - a file
+    path1       - a symlink
+    path2/file2 - a file in a directory
+    path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+
+and tries to git update-index --add the following:
+
+    path0/file0 - a file in a directory
+    path1/file1 - a file in a directory
+    path2       - a file
+    path3       - a symlink
+
+All of the attempts should fail.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+mkdir path2 path3
+date >path0
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s xyzzy path1
+else
+	date > path1
+fi
+date >path2/file2
+date >path3/file3
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index --add to add various paths.' \
+    'git update-index --add -- path0 path1 path2/file2 path3/file3'
+
+rm -fr path?
+
+mkdir path0 path1
+date >path2
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s frotz path3
+else
+	date > path3
+fi
+date >path0/file0
+date >path1/file1
+
+for p in path0/file0 path1/file1 path2 path3
+do
+	test_expect_success \
+	    "git update-index to add conflicting path $p should fail." \
+	    "test_must_fail git update-index --add -- $p"
+done
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh b/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..648184f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2101-update-index-reupdate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git update-index --again test.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+100644 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad 0	file1
+100644 9db8893856a8a02eaa73470054b7c1c5a7c82e47 0	file2
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'update-index --add' \
+	'echo hello world >file1 &&
+	 echo goodbye people >file2 &&
+	 git update-index --add file1 file2 &&
+	 git ls-files -s >current &&
+	 cmp current expected'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --again' \
+	'rm -f file1 &&
+	echo hello everybody >file2 &&
+	if git update-index --again
+	then
+		echo should have refused to remove file1
+		exit 1
+	else
+		echo happy - failed as expected
+	fi &&
+	 git ls-files -s >current &&
+	 cmp current expected'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+100644 0f1ae1422c2bf43f117d3dbd715c988a9ed2103f 0	file2
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'update-index --remove --again' \
+	'git update-index --remove --again &&
+	 git ls-files -s >current &&
+	 cmp current expected'
+
+test_expect_success 'first commit' 'git commit -m initial'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+100644 53ab446c3f4e42ce9bb728a0ccb283a101be4979 0	dir1/file3
+100644 0f1ae1422c2bf43f117d3dbd715c988a9ed2103f 0	file2
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'update-index again' \
+	'mkdir -p dir1 &&
+	echo hello world >dir1/file3 &&
+	echo goodbye people >file2 &&
+	git update-index --add file2 dir1/file3 &&
+	echo hello everybody >file2
+	echo happy >dir1/file3 &&
+	git update-index --again &&
+	git ls-files -s >current &&
+	cmp current expected'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+100644 d7fb3f695f06c759dbf3ab00046e7cc2da22d10f 0	dir1/file3
+100644 0f1ae1422c2bf43f117d3dbd715c988a9ed2103f 0	file2
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'update-index --update from subdir' \
+	'echo not so happy >file2 &&
+	cd dir1 &&
+	cat ../file2 >file3 &&
+	git update-index --again &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git ls-files -s >current &&
+	cmp current expected'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+100644 594fb5bb1759d90998e2bf2a38261ae8e243c760 0	dir1/file3
+100644 0f1ae1422c2bf43f117d3dbd715c988a9ed2103f 0	file2
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'update-index --update with pathspec' \
+	'echo very happy >file2 &&
+	cat file2 >dir1/file3 &&
+	git update-index --again dir1/ &&
+	git ls-files -s >current &&
+	cmp current expected'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh b/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1ed44ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2102-update-index-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes Sixt
+#
+
+test_description='git update-index on filesystem w/o symlinks test.
+
+This tests that git update-index keeps the symbolic link property
+even if a plain file is in the working tree if core.symlinks is false.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+'preparation' '
+git config core.symlinks false &&
+l=$(printf file | git hash-object -t blob -w --stdin) &&
+echo "120000 $l	symlink" | git update-index --index-info'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'modify the symbolic link' '
+printf new-file > symlink &&
+git update-index symlink'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'the index entry must still be a symbolic link' '
+case "`git ls-files --stage --cached symlink`" in
+120000" "*symlink) echo ok;;
+*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage --cached symlink; (exit 1);;
+esac'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2103-update-index-ignore-missing.sh b/t/t2103-update-index-ignore-missing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..332694e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2103-update-index-ignore-missing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='update-index with options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success basics '
+	>one &&
+	>two &&
+	>three &&
+
+	# need --add when adding
+	test_must_fail git update-index one &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files)" &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	test zone = "z$(git ls-files)" &&
+
+	# update-index is atomic
+	echo 1 >one &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index one two &&
+	echo "M	one" >expect &&
+	git diff-files --name-status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git update-index --add one two three &&
+	for i in one three two; do echo $i; done >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		test_create_repo xyzzy &&
+		cd xyzzy &&
+		>file &&
+		git add file
+		git commit -m "sub initial"
+	) &&
+	git add xyzzy &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-missing --refresh' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	echo 2 >one &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh &&
+	echo 1 >one &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	rm -f two &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh &&
+	git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unmerged --refresh' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	info=$(git ls-files -s one | sed -e "s/ 0	/ 1	/") &&
+	git rm --cached one &&
+	echo "$info" | git update-index --index-info &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh &&
+	git update-index --unmerged --refresh &&
+	echo 2 >two &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --unmerged --refresh >actual &&
+	grep two actual &&
+	! grep one actual &&
+	! grep three actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules --refresh (1)' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm -f two &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules --refresh (2)' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd xyzzy &&
+		git commit -m "sub second" --allow-empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh &&
+	git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh b/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d0879b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy
+#
+
+test_description='skip-worktree bit test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect.full <<EOF
+H 1
+H 2
+H sub/1
+H sub/2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.skip <<EOF
+S 1
+H 2
+S sub/1
+H sub/2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir sub &&
+	touch ./1 ./2 sub/1 sub/2 &&
+	git add 1 2 sub/1 sub/2 &&
+	git ls-files -t | test_cmp expect.full -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index is at version 2' '
+	test "$(test-index-version < .git/index)" = 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --skip-worktree' '
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1 sub/1 &&
+	git ls-files -t | test_cmp expect.skip -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index is at version 3 after having some skip-worktree entries' '
+	test "$(test-index-version < .git/index)" = 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -t' '
+	git ls-files -t | test_cmp expect.skip -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --no-skip-worktree' '
+	git update-index --no-skip-worktree 1 sub/1 &&
+	git ls-files -t | test_cmp expect.full -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index version is back to 2 when there is no skip-worktree entry' '
+	test "$(test-index-version < .git/index)" = 2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2105-update-index-gitfile.sh b/t/t2105-update-index-gitfile.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..641607d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2105-update-index-gitfile.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Brad King
+#
+
+test_description='git update-index for gitlink to .git file.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with absolute .git file' '
+	mkdir sub1 &&
+	(cd sub1 &&
+	 git init &&
+	 REAL="$(pwd)/.real" &&
+	 mv .git "$REAL"
+	 echo "gitdir: $REAL" >.git &&
+	 test_commit first)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add gitlink to absolute .git file' '
+	git update-index --add -- sub1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with relative .git file' '
+	mkdir sub2 &&
+	(cd sub2 &&
+	 git init &&
+	 mv .git .real &&
+	 echo "gitdir: .real" >.git &&
+	 test_commit first)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add gitlink to relative .git file' '
+	git update-index --add -- sub2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9120750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git add -u
+
+This test creates a working tree state with three files:
+
+  top (previously committed, modified)
+  dir/sub (previously committed, modified)
+  dir/other (untracked)
+
+and issues a git add -u with path limiting on "dir" to add
+only the updates to dir/sub.
+
+Also tested are "git add -u" without limiting, and "git add -u"
+without contents changes, and other conditions'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo initial >check &&
+	echo initial >top &&
+	echo initial >foo &&
+	mkdir dir1 dir2 &&
+	echo initial >dir1/sub1 &&
+	echo initial >dir1/sub2 &&
+	echo initial >dir2/sub3 &&
+	git add check dir1 dir2 top foo &&
+	test_tick
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	echo changed >check &&
+	echo changed >top &&
+	echo changed >dir2/sub3 &&
+	rm -f dir1/sub1 &&
+	echo other >dir2/other
+'
+
+test_expect_success update '
+	git add -u dir1 dir2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update noticed a removal' '
+	test "$(git ls-files dir1/sub1)" = ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update touched correct path' '
+	test "$(git diff-files --name-status dir2/sub3)" = ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update did not touch other tracked files' '
+	test "$(git diff-files --name-status check)" = "M	check" &&
+	test "$(git diff-files --name-status top)" = "M	top"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update did not touch untracked files' '
+	test "$(git ls-files dir2/other)" = ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cache tree has not been corrupted' '
+
+	git ls-files -s |
+	sed -e "s/ 0	/	/" >expect &&
+	git ls-tree -r $(git write-tree) |
+	sed -e "s/ blob / /" >current &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update from a subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		echo more >sub2 &&
+		git add -u sub2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change gets noticed' '
+
+	test "$(git diff-files --name-status dir1)" = ""
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'replace a file with a symlink' '
+
+	rm foo &&
+	ln -s top foo &&
+	git add -u -- foo
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add everything changed' '
+
+	git add -u &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-files)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'touch and then add -u' '
+
+	touch check &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-files)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'touch and then add explicitly' '
+
+	touch check &&
+	git add check &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-files)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add -n -u should not add but just report' '
+
+	(
+		echo "add '\''check'\''" &&
+		echo "remove '\''top'\''"
+	) >expect &&
+	before=$(git ls-files -s check top) &&
+	echo changed >>check &&
+	rm -f top &&
+	git add -n -u >actual &&
+	after=$(git ls-files -s check top) &&
+
+	test "$before" = "$after" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add -u resolves unmerged paths' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	one=$(echo 1 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	two=$(echo 2 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	three=$(echo 3 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	{
+		for path in path1 path2
+		do
+			echo "100644 $one 1	$path"
+			echo "100644 $two 2	$path"
+			echo "100644 $three 3	$path"
+		done
+		echo "100644 $one 1	path3"
+		echo "100644 $one 1	path4"
+		echo "100644 $one 3	path5"
+		echo "100644 $one 3	path6"
+	} |
+	git update-index --index-info &&
+	echo 3 >path1 &&
+	echo 2 >path3 &&
+	echo 2 >path5 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git ls-files -s path1 path2 path3 path4 path5 path6 >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "100644 $three 0	path1"
+		echo "100644 $one 1	path3"
+		echo "100644 $one 1	path4"
+		echo "100644 $one 3	path5"
+		echo "100644 $one 3	path6"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	# Bonus tests.  Explicit resolving
+	git add path3 path5 &&
+	test_must_fail git add path4 &&
+	test_must_fail git add path6 &&
+	git rm path4 &&
+	git rm path6 &&
+
+	git ls-files -s "path?" >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "100644 $three 0	path1"
+		echo "100644 $two 0	path3"
+		echo "100644 $two 0	path5"
+	} >expect
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2201-add-update-typechange.sh b/t/t2201-add-update-typechange.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e8f702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2201-add-update-typechange.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='more git add -u'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+_z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>xyzzy &&
+	_empty=$(git hash-object --stdin <xyzzy) &&
+	>yomin &&
+	>caskly &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
+		ln -s frotz nitfol &&
+		T_letter=T
+	else
+		printf %s frotz > nitfol &&
+		T_letter=M
+	fi &&
+	mkdir rezrov &&
+	>rezrov/bozbar &&
+	git add caskly xyzzy yomin nitfol rezrov/bozbar &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success modify '
+	rm -f xyzzy yomin nitfol caskly &&
+	# caskly disappears (not a submodule)
+	mkdir caskly &&
+	# nitfol changes from symlink to regular
+	>nitfol &&
+	# rezrov/bozbar disappears
+	rm -fr rezrov &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
+		ln -s xyzzy rezrov
+	else
+		printf %s xyzzy > rezrov
+	fi &&
+	# xyzzy disappears (not a submodule)
+	mkdir xyzzy &&
+	echo gnusto >xyzzy/bozbar &&
+	# yomin gets replaced with a submodule
+	mkdir yomin &&
+	>yomin/yomin &&
+	(
+		cd yomin &&
+		git init &&
+		git add yomin &&
+		git commit -m "sub initial"
+	) &&
+	yomin=$(GIT_DIR=yomin/.git git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	# yonk is added and then turned into a submodule
+	# this should appear as T in diff-files and as A in diff-index
+	>yonk &&
+	git add yonk &&
+	rm -f yonk &&
+	mkdir yonk &&
+	>yonk/yonk &&
+	(
+		cd yonk &&
+		git init &&
+		git add yonk &&
+		git commit -m "sub initial"
+	) &&
+	yonk=$(GIT_DIR=yonk/.git git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	# zifmia is added and then removed
+	# this should appear in diff-files but not in diff-index.
+	>zifmia &&
+	git add zifmia &&
+	rm -f zifmia &&
+	mkdir zifmia &&
+	{
+		git ls-tree -r HEAD |
+		sed -e "s/^/:/" -e "
+			/	caskly/{
+				s/	caskly/ $_z40 D&/
+				s/blob/000000/
+			}
+			/	nitfol/{
+				s/	nitfol/ $_z40 $T_letter&/
+				s/blob/100644/
+			}
+			/	rezrov.bozbar/{
+				s/	rezrov.bozbar/ $_z40 D&/
+				s/blob/000000/
+			}
+			/	xyzzy/{
+				s/	xyzzy/ $_z40 D&/
+				s/blob/000000/
+			}
+			/	yomin/{
+			    s/	yomin/ $_z40 T&/
+				s/blob/160000/
+			}
+		"
+	} >expect &&
+	{
+		cat expect
+		echo ":100644 160000 $_empty $_z40 T	yonk"
+		echo ":100644 000000 $_empty $_z40 D	zifmia"
+	} >expect-files &&
+	{
+		cat expect
+		echo ":000000 160000 $_z40 $_z40 A	yonk"
+	} >expect-index &&
+	{
+		echo "100644 $_empty 0	nitfol"
+		echo "160000 $yomin 0	yomin"
+		echo "160000 $yonk 0	yonk"
+	} >expect-final
+'
+
+test_expect_success diff-files '
+	git diff-files --raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-files actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success diff-index '
+	git diff-index --raw HEAD -- >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-index actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add -u' '
+	rm -f ".git/saved-index" &&
+	cp -p ".git/index" ".git/saved-index" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-final actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit -a' '
+	if test -f ".git/saved-index"
+	then
+		rm -f ".git/index" &&
+		mv ".git/saved-index" ".git/index"
+	fi &&
+	git commit -m "second" -a &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-final actual &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git read-tree HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-final actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6a81510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git add --all'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	(
+		echo .gitignore
+		echo will-remove
+	) >expect &&
+	(
+		echo actual
+		echo expect
+		echo ignored
+	) >.gitignore &&
+	>will-remove &&
+	git add --all &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add --all' '
+	(
+		echo .gitignore
+		echo not-ignored
+		echo "M	.gitignore"
+		echo "A	not-ignored"
+		echo "D	will-remove"
+	) >expect &&
+	>ignored &&
+	>not-ignored &&
+	echo modification >>.gitignore &&
+	rm -f will-remove &&
+	git add --all &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	git diff-index --name-status --cached HEAD >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..58a3299
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Intent to add'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'intent to add' '
+	echo hello >file &&
+	echo hello >elif &&
+	git add -N file &&
+	git add elif
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check result of "add -N"' '
+	git ls-files -s file >actual &&
+	empty=$(git hash-object --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	echo "100644 $empty 0	file" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'intent to add is just an ordinary empty blob' '
+	git add -u &&
+	git ls-files -s file >actual &&
+	git ls-files -s elif | sed -e "s/elif/file/" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'intent to add does not clobber existing paths' '
+	git add -N file elif &&
+	empty=$(git hash-object --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! grep "$empty" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot commit with i-t-a entry' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m initial &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	echo xyzzy >rezrov &&
+	echo frotz >nitfol &&
+	git add rezrov &&
+	git add -N nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can commit with an unrelated i-t-a entry in index' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo xyzzy >rezrov &&
+	echo frotz >nitfol &&
+	git add rezrov &&
+	git add -N nitfol &&
+	git commit -m partial rezrov
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can "commit -a" with an i-t-a entry' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	: >nitfol &&
+	git add -N nitfol &&
+	git commit -a -m all
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh b/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9965bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2300-cd-to-toplevel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='cd_to_toplevel'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_cd_to_toplevel () {
+	test_expect_success $3 "$2" '
+		(
+			cd '"'$1'"' &&
+			. "$(git --exec-path)"/git-sh-setup &&
+			cd_to_toplevel &&
+			[ "$(pwd -P)" = "$TOPLEVEL" ]
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+TOPLEVEL="$(pwd -P)/repo"
+mkdir -p repo/sub/dir
+mv .git repo/
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=1
+
+test_cd_to_toplevel repo 'at physical root'
+
+test_cd_to_toplevel repo/sub/dir 'at physical subdir'
+
+ln -s repo symrepo 2>/dev/null
+test_cd_to_toplevel symrepo 'at symbolic root' SYMLINKS
+
+ln -s repo/sub/dir subdir-link 2>/dev/null
+test_cd_to_toplevel subdir-link 'at symbolic subdir' SYMLINKS
+
+cd repo
+ln -s sub/dir internal-link 2>/dev/null
+test_cd_to_toplevel internal-link 'at internal symbolic subdir' SYMLINKS
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh b/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..86291e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-files test (--others should pick up symlinks).
+
+This test runs git ls-files --others with the following on the
+filesystem.
+
+    path0       - a file
+    path1	- a symlink
+    path2/file2 - a file in a directory
+    path3-junk  - a file to confuse things
+    path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+    path4       - an empty directory
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+date >path0
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s xyzzy path1
+else
+	date > path1
+fi
+mkdir path2 path3 path4
+date >path2/file2
+date >path2-junk
+date >path3/file3
+date >path3-junk
+git update-index --add path3-junk path3/file3
+
+cat >expected1 <<EOF
+expected1
+expected2
+expected3
+output
+path0
+path1
+path2-junk
+path2/file2
+EOF
+sed -e 's|path2/file2|path2/|' <expected1 >expected2
+cat <expected2 >expected3
+echo path4/ >>expected2
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others to show output.' \
+    'git ls-files --others >output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others should pick up symlinks.' \
+    'test_cmp expected1 output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others --directory to show output.' \
+    'git ls-files --others --directory >output'
+
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others --directory should not get confused.' \
+    'test_cmp expected2 output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others --directory --no-empty-directory to show output.' \
+    'git ls-files --others --directory --no-empty-directory >output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '--no-empty-directory hides empty directory' \
+    'test_cmp expected3 output'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6d2f2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-files --others --exclude
+
+This test runs git ls-files --others and tests --exclude patterns.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+rm -fr one three
+for dir in . one one/two three
+do
+  mkdir -p $dir &&
+  for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+  do
+    >$dir/a.$i
+  done
+done
+>"#ignore1"
+>"#ignore2"
+>"#hidden"
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+a.2
+a.4
+a.5
+a.8
+one/a.3
+one/a.4
+one/a.5
+one/a.7
+one/two/a.2
+one/two/a.3
+one/two/a.5
+one/two/a.7
+one/two/a.8
+three/a.2
+three/a.3
+three/a.4
+three/a.5
+three/a.8
+EOF
+
+echo '.gitignore
+\#ignore1
+\#ignore2*
+\#hid*n
+output
+expect
+.gitignore
+*.7
+!*.8' >.git/ignore
+
+echo '*.1
+/*.3
+!*.6' >.gitignore
+echo '*.2
+two/*.4
+!*.7
+*.8' >one/.gitignore
+echo '!*.2
+!*.8' >one/two/.gitignore
+
+allignores='.gitignore one/.gitignore one/two/.gitignore'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others with various exclude options.' \
+    'git ls-files --others \
+       --exclude=\*.6 \
+       --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore \
+       --exclude-from=.git/ignore \
+       >output &&
+     test_cmp expect output'
+
+# Test \r\n (MSDOS-like systems)
+printf '*.1\r\n/*.3\r\n!*.6\r\n' >.gitignore
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others with \r\n line endings.' \
+    'git ls-files --others \
+       --exclude=\*.6 \
+       --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore \
+       --exclude-from=.git/ignore \
+       >output &&
+     test_cmp expect output'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup skip-worktree gitignore' '
+	git add $allignores &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree $allignores &&
+	rm $allignores
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --others with various exclude options.' \
+    'git ls-files --others \
+       --exclude=\*.6 \
+       --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore \
+       --exclude-from=.git/ignore \
+       >output &&
+     test_cmp expect output'
+
+test_expect_success 'restore gitignore' '
+	git checkout $allignores &&
+	rm .git/index
+'
+
+cat > excludes-file <<\EOF
+*.[1-8]
+e*
+\#*
+EOF
+
+git config core.excludesFile excludes-file
+
+git status | grep "^#	" > output
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+#	.gitignore
+#	a.6
+#	one/
+#	output
+#	three/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git status honors core.excludesfile' \
+	'test_cmp expect output'
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude allows directory match(1)' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude=one/ >output &&
+	if grep "^one/" output
+	then
+		echo Ooops
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude allows directory match (2)' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude=one/two/ >output &&
+	if grep "^one/two/" output
+	then
+		echo Ooops
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude forces directory match (1)' '
+
+	>two
+	git ls-files --others --exclude=two/ >output &&
+	grep "^two" output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude forces directory match (2)' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude=one/a.1/ >output &&
+	grep "^one/a.1" output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negated exclude matches can override previous ones' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="a.*" --exclude="!a.1" >output &&
+	grep "^a.1" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (setup)' '
+	mkdir -p top/l1/l2 &&
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git init &&
+		echo /.gitignore >.gitignore &&
+		echo l1 >>.gitignore &&
+		echo l2 >l1/.gitignore &&
+		>l1/l2/l1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (toplevel)' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o --exclude-standard
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (l1/l2)' '
+	(
+		cd top/l1/l2 &&
+		git ls-files -o --exclude-standard
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (l1)' '
+	(
+		cd top/l1 &&
+		git ls-files -o --exclude-standard
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3002-ls-files-dashpath.sh b/t/t3002-ls-files-dashpath.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8704b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3002-ls-files-dashpath.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-files test (-- to terminate the path list).
+
+This test runs git ls-files --others with the following on the
+filesystem.
+
+    path0       - a file
+    -foo	- a file with a funny name.
+    --		- another file with a funny name.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+	setup \
+	'echo frotz >path0 &&
+	echo frotz >./-foo &&
+	echo frotz >./--'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files without path restriction.' \
+    'git ls-files --others >output &&
+     test_cmp output - <<EOF
+--
+-foo
+output
+path0
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files with path restriction.' \
+    'git ls-files --others path0 >output &&
+	test_cmp output - <<EOF
+path0
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files with path restriction with --.' \
+    'git ls-files --others -- path0 >output &&
+	test_cmp output - <<EOF
+path0
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files with path restriction with -- --.' \
+    'git ls-files --others -- -- >output &&
+	test_cmp output - <<EOF
+--
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files with no path restriction.' \
+    'git ls-files --others -- >output &&
+	test_cmp output - <<EOF
+--
+-foo
+output
+path0
+EOF
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3003-ls-files-exclude.sh b/t/t3003-ls-files-exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5ec333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3003-ls-files-exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ls-files --exclude does not affect index files'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create repo with file' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m file &&
+	echo modification >file
+'
+
+check_output() {
+test_expect_success "ls-files output contains file ($1)" "
+	echo '$2' >expect &&
+	git ls-files --exclude-standard --$1 >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+"
+}
+
+check_all_output() {
+	check_output 'cached' 'file'
+	check_output 'modified' 'file'
+}
+
+check_all_output
+test_expect_success 'add file to gitignore' '
+	echo file >.gitignore
+'
+check_all_output
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -i lists only tracked-but-ignored files' '
+	echo content >other-file &&
+	git add other-file &&
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git ls-files -i --exclude-standard >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..95671c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-files -k and -m flags test.
+
+This test prepares the following in the cache:
+
+    path0       - a file
+    path1       - a symlink
+    path2/file2 - a file in a directory
+    path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+
+and the following on the filesystem:
+
+    path0/file0 - a file in a directory
+    path1/file1 - a file in a directory
+    path2       - a file
+    path3       - a symlink
+    path4	- a file
+    path5	- a symlink
+    path6/file6 - a file in a directory
+
+git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem
+objects except path4, path5 and path6/file6 to be killed.
+
+Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
+
+    path7       - an empty file, modified to a non-empty file.
+    path8       - a non-empty file, modified to an empty file.
+    path9	- an empty file, cache dirtied.
+    path10	- a non-empty file, cache dirtied.
+
+We should report path0, path1, path2/file2, path3/file3, path7 and path8
+modified without reporting path9 and path10.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+date >path0
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s xyzzy path1
+else
+	date > path1
+fi
+mkdir path2 path3
+date >path2/file2
+date >path3/file3
+: >path7
+date >path8
+: >path9
+date >path10
+test_expect_success \
+    'git update-index --add to add various paths.' \
+    "git update-index --add -- path0 path1 path?/file? path7 path8 path9 path10"
+
+rm -fr path? ;# leave path10 alone
+date >path2
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s frotz path3
+	ln -s nitfol path5
+else
+	date > path3
+	date > path5
+fi
+mkdir path0 path1 path6
+date >path0/file0
+date >path1/file1
+date >path6/file6
+date >path7
+: >path8
+: >path9
+touch path10
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' \
+    'git ls-files -k >.output'
+cat >.expected <<EOF
+path0/file0
+path1/file1
+path2
+path3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate git ls-files -k output.' \
+    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' \
+    'git ls-files -m >.output'
+cat >.expected <<EOF
+path0
+path1
+path2/file2
+path3/file3
+path7
+path8
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate git ls-files -m output.' \
+    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh b/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f4066cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3020-ls-files-error-unmatch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Carl D. Worth
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-files test for --error-unmatch option
+
+This test runs git ls-files --error-unmatch to ensure it correctly
+returns an error when a non-existent path is provided on the command
+line.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+touch foo bar
+git update-index --add foo bar
+git commit -m "add foo bar"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --error-unmatch should fail with unmatched path.' \
+    'test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo bar-does-not-match'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git ls-files --error-unmatch should succeed eith matched paths.' \
+    'git ls-files --error-unmatch foo bar'
+
+test_done
+1
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9929f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge-recursive backend test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 1' '
+
+	echo hello >a &&
+	o0=$(git hash-object a) &&
+	cp a b &&
+	cp a c &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	cp a d/e &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git add a b c d/e &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	c0=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git branch side &&
+	git branch df-1 &&
+	git branch df-2 &&
+	git branch df-3 &&
+	git branch remove &&
+
+	echo hello >>a &&
+	cp a d/e &&
+	o1=$(git hash-object a) &&
+
+	git add a d/e &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "master modifies a and d/e" &&
+	c1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o1	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o1	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 2' '
+
+	rm -rf [abcd] &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	echo goodbye >>a &&
+	o2=$(git hash-object a) &&
+
+	git add a &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "side modifies a" &&
+	c2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o2	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o2 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 3' '
+
+	rm -rf [abcd] &&
+	git checkout df-1 &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	rm -f b && mkdir b && echo df-1 >b/c && git add b/c &&
+	o3=$(git hash-object b/c) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "df-1 makes b/c" &&
+	c3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o3	b/c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o3 0	b/c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 4' '
+
+	rm -rf [abcd] &&
+	git checkout df-2 &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	rm -f a && mkdir a && echo df-2 >a/c && git add a/c &&
+	o4=$(git hash-object a/c) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "df-2 makes a/c" &&
+	c4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o4	a/c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o4 0	a/c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 5' '
+
+	rm -rf [abcd] &&
+	git checkout remove &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	rm -f b &&
+	echo remove-conflict >a &&
+
+	git add a &&
+	git rm b &&
+	o5=$(git hash-object a) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "remove removes b and modifies a" &&
+	c5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o5	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o5 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 6' '
+
+	rm -rf [abcd] &&
+	git checkout df-3 &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	rm -fr d && echo df-3 >d && git add d &&
+	o6=$(git hash-object d) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "df-3 makes d" &&
+	c6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o6	d"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o6 0	d"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive simple' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git checkout -f "$c2" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c2" "$c1"
+	status=$?
+	case "$status" in
+	1)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "why status $status!!!"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive result' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o0 1	a"
+		echo "100644 $o2 2	a"
+		echo "100644 $o1 3	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fail if the index has unresolved entries' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git checkout -f "$c1" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge "$c5" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge "$c5" 2> out &&
+	grep "not possible because you have unmerged files" out &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_must_fail git merge "$c5" 2> out &&
+	grep "You have not concluded your merge" out &&
+	rm -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git merge "$c5" 2> out &&
+	grep "Your local changes to .* would be overwritten by merge." out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive remove conflict' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git checkout -f "$c1" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c1" "$c5"
+	status=$?
+	case "$status" in
+	1)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "why status $status!!!"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive remove conflict' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o0 1	a"
+		echo "100644 $o1 2	a"
+		echo "100644 $o5 3	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f simple' '
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -f "$c1" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c1" "$c3"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive result' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o3 0	b/c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -f "$c1" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c1" "$c4"
+	status=$?
+	case "$status" in
+	1)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "why status $status!!!"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict result' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o0 1	a"
+		echo "100644 $o1 2	a"
+		echo "100644 $o4 0	a/c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict the other way' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -f "$c4" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c4" "$c1"
+	status=$?
+	case "$status" in
+	1)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "why status $status!!!"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict result the other way' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o0 1	a"
+		echo "100644 $o1 3	a"
+		echo "100644 $o4 0	a/c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -f "$c1" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c1" "$c6"
+	status=$?
+	case "$status" in
+	1)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "why status $status!!!"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict result' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o6 3	d"
+		echo "100644 $o0 1	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 2	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict' '
+
+	rm -fr [abcd] &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -f "$c6" &&
+
+	git merge-recursive "$c0" -- "$c6" "$c1"
+	status=$?
+	case "$status" in
+	1)
+		: happy
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo >&2 "why status $status!!!"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive d/f conflict result' '
+
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o6 2	d"
+		echo "100644 $o0 1	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 3	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset and 3-way merge' '
+
+	git reset --hard "$c2" &&
+	git read-tree -m "$c0" "$c2" "$c1"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset and bind merge' '
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git read-tree --prefix=M/ master &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	M/a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	M/b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	M/c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	M/d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	git read-tree --prefix=a1/ master &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	M/a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	M/b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	M/c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	M/d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a1/a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a1/b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a1/c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a1/d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+	git read-tree --prefix=z/ master &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	M/a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	M/b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	M/c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	M/d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a1/a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a1/b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	a1/c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	a1/d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	z/a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	z/b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	z/c"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	z/d/e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge removes empty directories' '
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rm &&
+	git rm d/e &&
+	git commit -mremoved-d/e &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -s recursive rm &&
+	test_must_fail test -d d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh b/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7f41607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge-recursive backend test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#         A      <- create some files
+#        / \
+#       B   C    <- cause rename/delete conflicts between B and C
+#      /     \
+#     |\     /|
+#     | D   E |
+#     |  \ /  |
+#     |   X   |
+#     |  / \  |
+#     | /   \ |
+#     |/     \|
+#     F       G  <- merge E into B, D into C
+#      \     /
+#       \   /
+#        \ /
+#         H      <- recursive merge crashes
+#
+
+# initialize
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with criss-cross history' '
+	mkdir data &&
+
+	# create a bunch of files
+	n=1 &&
+	while test $n -le 10
+	do
+		echo $n > data/$n &&
+		n=$(($n+1)) ||
+		break
+	done &&
+
+	# check them in
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m A &&
+	git branch A &&
+
+	# a file in one branch
+	git checkout -b B A &&
+	git rm data/9 &&
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m B &&
+
+	# with a branch off of it
+	git branch D &&
+
+	# put some commits on D
+	git checkout D &&
+	echo testD > data/testD &&
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m D &&
+
+	# back up to the top, create another branch and cause
+	# a rename conflict with the file we deleted earlier
+	git checkout -b C A &&
+	git mv data/9 data/new-9 &&
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m C &&
+
+	# with a branch off of it
+	git branch E &&
+
+	# put a commit on E
+	git checkout E &&
+	echo testE > data/testE &&
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m E &&
+
+	# now, merge E into B
+	git checkout B &&
+	test_must_fail git merge E &&
+	# force-resolve
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m F &&
+	git branch F &&
+
+	# and merge D into C
+	git checkout C &&
+	test_must_fail git merge D &&
+	# force-resolve
+	git add data &&
+	git commit -m G &&
+	git branch G
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive merge between F and G, causes segfault' '
+	git merge F
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3040-subprojects-basic.sh b/t/t3040-subprojects-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f6973e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3040-subprojects-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Basic subproject functionality'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'Super project creation' \
+    ': >Makefile &&
+    git add Makefile &&
+    git commit -m "Superproject created"'
+
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+:000000 160000 00000... A	sub1
+:000000 160000 00000... A	sub2
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'create subprojects' \
+    'mkdir sub1 &&
+    ( cd sub1 && git init && : >Makefile && git add * &&
+    git commit -q -m "subproject 1" ) &&
+    mkdir sub2 &&
+    ( cd sub2 && git init && : >Makefile && git add * &&
+    git commit -q -m "subproject 2" ) &&
+    git update-index --add sub1 &&
+    git add sub2 &&
+    git commit -q -m "subprojects added" &&
+    git diff-tree --abbrev=5 HEAD^ HEAD |cut -d" " -f-3,5- >current &&
+    test_cmp expected current'
+
+git branch save HEAD
+
+test_expect_success 'check if fsck ignores the subprojects' \
+    'git fsck --full'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if commit in a subproject detected' \
+    '( cd sub1 &&
+    echo "all:" >>Makefile &&
+    echo "	true" >>Makefile &&
+    git commit -q -a -m "make all" ) && {
+        git diff-files --exit-code
+	test $? = 1
+    }'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if a changed subproject HEAD can be committed' \
+    'git commit -q -a -m "sub1 changed" && {
+	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
+	test $? = 1
+    }'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if diff-index works for subproject elements' \
+    'git diff-index --exit-code --cached save -- sub1
+    test $? = 1'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if diff-tree works for subproject elements' \
+    'git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD -- sub1
+    test $? = 1'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if git diff works for subproject elements' \
+    'git diff --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
+    test $? = 1'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if clone works' \
+    'git ls-files -s >expected &&
+    git clone -l -s . cloned &&
+    ( cd cloned && git ls-files -s ) >current &&
+    test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success 'removing and adding subproject' \
+    'git update-index --force-remove -- sub2 &&
+    mv sub2 sub3 &&
+    git add sub3 &&
+    git commit -q -m "renaming a subproject" && {
+	git diff -M --name-status --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
+	test $? = 1
+    }'
+
+# the index must contain the object name the HEAD of the
+# subproject sub1 was at the point "save"
+test_expect_success 'checkout in superproject' \
+    'git checkout save &&
+    git diff-index --exit-code --raw --cached save -- sub1'
+
+# just interesting what happened...
+# git diff --name-status -M save master
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh b/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4261e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetching and pushing project with subproject'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	mkdir -p sub && (
+		cd sub &&
+		git init &&
+		>subfile &&
+		git add subfile
+		git commit -m "subproject commit #1"
+	) &&
+	>mainfile
+	git add sub mainfile &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "superproject commit #1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success clone '
+	git clone "file://$(pwd)/.git" cloned &&
+	(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >expected &&
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success advance '
+	echo more >mainfile &&
+	git update-index --force-remove sub &&
+	mv sub/.git sub/.git-disabled &&
+	git add sub/subfile mainfile &&
+	mv sub/.git-disabled sub/.git &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "superproject commit #2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success fetch '
+	(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >expected &&
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		git pull &&
+		(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ce501b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Carl D. Worth
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-files test (--with-tree).
+
+This test runs git ls-files --with-tree and in particular in
+a scenario known to trigger a crash with some versions of git.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	# The bug we are exercising requires a fair number of entries
+	# in a sub-directory so that add_index_entry will trigger a
+	# realloc.
+
+	echo file >expected &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	bad= &&
+	for n in 0 1 2 3 4 5
+	do
+		for m in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			num=00$n$m &&
+			>sub/file-$num &&
+			echo file-$num >>expected || {
+				bad=t
+				break
+			}
+		done && test -z "$bad" || {
+			bad=t
+			break
+		}
+	done && test -z "$bad" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m "add a bunch of files" &&
+
+	# We remove them all so that we will have something to add
+	# back with --with-tree and so that we will definitely be
+	# under the realloc size to trigger the bug.
+	rm -rf sub &&
+	git commit -a -m "remove them all" &&
+
+	# The bug also requires some entry before our directory so that
+	# prune_path will modify the_index.cache
+
+	mkdir a_directory_that_sorts_before_sub &&
+	>a_directory_that_sorts_before_sub/file &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	>sub/file &&
+	git add .
+'
+
+# We have to run from a sub-directory to trigger prune_path
+# Then we finally get to run our --with-tree test
+cd sub
+
+test_expect_success 'git -ls-files --with-tree should succeed from subdir' '
+
+	git ls-files --with-tree=HEAD~1 >../output
+
+'
+
+cd ..
+test_expect_success \
+    'git -ls-files --with-tree should add entries from named tree.' \
+    'test_cmp expected output'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..eee0d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-tree test.
+
+This test runs git ls-tree with the following in a tree.
+
+    path0       - a file
+    path1	- a symlink
+    path2/foo   - a file in a directory
+    path2/bazbo - a symlink in a directory
+    path2/baz/b - a file in a directory in a directory
+
+The new path restriction code should do the right thing for path2 and
+path2/baz.  Also path0/ should snow nothing.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'mkdir path2 path2/baz &&
+     echo Hi >path0 &&
+     if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+     then
+	ln -s path0 path1 &&
+	ln -s ../path1 path2/bazbo
+	make_expected () {
+		cat >expected
+	}
+     else
+	printf path0 > path1 &&
+	printf ../path1 > path2/bazbo
+	make_expected () {
+		sed -e "s/120000 /100644 /" >expected
+	}
+     fi &&
+     echo Lo >path2/foo &&
+     echo Mi >path2/baz/b &&
+     find path? \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
+     xargs git update-index --add &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $tree'
+
+test_output () {
+    sed -e "s/ $_x40	/ X	/" <current >check
+    test_cmp expected check
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree plain' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	path0
+120000 blob X	path1
+040000 tree X	path2
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree recursive' \
+    'git ls-tree -r $tree >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	path0
+120000 blob X	path1
+100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
+120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
+100644 blob X	path2/foo
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree recursive with -t' \
+    'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	path0
+120000 blob X	path1
+040000 tree X	path2
+040000 tree X	path2/baz
+100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
+120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
+100644 blob X	path2/foo
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree recursive with -d' \
+    'git ls-tree -r -d $tree >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path2
+040000 tree X	path2/baz
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+
+# it used to be path1 and then path0, but with pathspec semantics
+# they are shown in canonical order.
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path1 path0' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	path0
+120000 blob X	path1
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path0/' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path0/ >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+# It used to show path2 and its immediate children but
+# with pathspec semantics it shows only path2
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path2' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path2 >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path2
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+# ... and path2/ shows the children.
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path2/' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path2/ >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path2/baz
+120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
+100644 blob X	path2/foo
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+# The same change -- exact match does not show children of
+# path2/baz
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path2/baz' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path2/baz
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filtered with path2/bak' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path2/bak >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree -t filtered with path2/bak' \
+    'git ls-tree -t $tree path2/bak >current &&
+     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path2
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh b/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..06654c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Robert Fitzsimons
+#
+
+test_description='git ls-tree directory and filenames handling.
+
+This test runs git ls-tree with the following in a tree.
+
+    1.txt              - a file
+    2.txt              - a file
+    path0/a/b/c/1.txt  - a file in a directory
+    path1/b/c/1.txt    - a file in a directory
+    path2/1.txt        - a file in a directory
+    path3/1.txt        - a file in a directory
+    path3/2.txt        - a file in a directory
+
+Test the handling of mulitple directories which have matching file
+entries.  Also test odd filename and missing entries handling.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'echo 111 >1.txt &&
+     echo 222 >2.txt &&
+     mkdir path0 path0/a path0/a/b path0/a/b/c &&
+     echo 111 >path0/a/b/c/1.txt &&
+     mkdir path1 path1/b path1/b/c &&
+     echo 111 >path1/b/c/1.txt &&
+     mkdir path2 &&
+     echo 111 >path2/1.txt &&
+     mkdir path3 &&
+     echo 111 >path3/1.txt &&
+     echo 222 >path3/2.txt &&
+     find *.txt path* \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
+     xargs git update-index --add &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $tree'
+
+test_output () {
+    sed -e "s/ $_x40	/ X	/" <current >check
+    test_cmp expected check
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree plain' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	2.txt
+040000 tree X	path0
+040000 tree X	path1
+040000 tree X	path2
+040000 tree X	path3
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+# Recursive does not show tree nodes anymore...
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree recursive' \
+    'git ls-tree -r $tree >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	2.txt
+100644 blob X	path0/a/b/c/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path1/b/c/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path2/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/2.txt
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filter 1.txt' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree 1.txt >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filter path1/b/c/1.txt' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path1/b/c/1.txt >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	path1/b/c/1.txt
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filter all 1.txt files' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree 1.txt path0/a/b/c/1.txt path1/b/c/1.txt path2/1.txt path3/1.txt >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	path0/a/b/c/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path1/b/c/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path2/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/1.txt
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+# I am not so sure about this one after ls-tree doing pathspec match.
+# Having both path0/a and path0/a/b/c makes path0/a redundant, and
+# it behaves as if path0/a/b/c, path1/b/c, path2 and path3 are specified.
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filter directories' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree path3 path2 path0/a/b/c path1/b/c path0/a >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path0/a/b/c
+040000 tree X	path1/b/c
+040000 tree X	path2
+040000 tree X	path3
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+# Again, duplicates are filtered away so this is equivalent to
+# having 1.txt and path3
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filter odd names' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree 1.txt ./1.txt .//1.txt path3/1.txt path3/./1.txt path3 path3// >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/2.txt
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'ls-tree filter missing files and extra slashes' \
+    'git ls-tree $tree 1.txt/ abc.txt path3//23.txt path3/2.txt/// >current &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+EOF
+     test_output'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree filter is leading path match' '
+	git ls-tree $tree pa path3/a >current &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --full-name' '
+	(
+		cd path0 &&
+		git ls-tree --full-name $tree a
+	) >current &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+040000 tree X	path0/a
+EOF
+	test_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --full-tree' '
+	(
+		cd path1/b/c &&
+		git ls-tree --full-tree $tree
+	) >current &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	2.txt
+040000 tree X	path0
+040000 tree X	path1
+040000 tree X	path2
+040000 tree X	path3
+EOF
+	test_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --full-tree -r' '
+	(
+		cd path3/ &&
+		git ls-tree --full-tree -r $tree
+	) >current &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	2.txt
+100644 blob X	path0/a/b/c/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path1/b/c/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path2/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/1.txt
+100644 blob X	path3/2.txt
+EOF
+	test_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --abbrev=5' '
+	git ls-tree --abbrev=5 $tree >current &&
+	sed -e "s/ $_x05[0-9a-f]*	/ X	/" <current >check &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+100644 blob X	1.txt
+100644 blob X	2.txt
+040000 tree X	path0
+040000 tree X	path1
+040000 tree X	path2
+040000 tree X	path3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected check
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --name-only' '
+	git ls-tree --name-only $tree >current
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+1.txt
+2.txt
+path0
+path1
+path2
+path3
+EOF
+	test_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --name-only -r' '
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r $tree >current
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+1.txt
+2.txt
+path0/a/b/c/1.txt
+path1/b/c/1.txt
+path2/1.txt
+path3/1.txt
+path3/2.txt
+EOF
+	test_output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e0b7605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Amos Waterland
+#
+
+test_description='git branch --foo should not create bogus branch
+
+This test runs git branch --help and checks that the argument is properly
+handled.  Specifically, that a bogus branch is not created.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare a trivial repository' \
+    'echo Hello > A &&
+     git update-index --add A &&
+     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+     echo World >> A &&
+     git update-index --add A &&
+     git commit -m "Second commit." &&
+     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
+     git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null;
+     ! test -f .git/refs/heads/--help
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
+    'git branch abc && test -f .git/refs/heads/abc'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' \
+    'git branch a/b/c && test -f .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+     git branch -l d/e/f &&
+	 test -f .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	 test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	 diff expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' \
+	'git branch -d d/e/f &&
+	 test ! -f .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	 test ! -f .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' \
+       'git branch j &&
+        git branch -d j &&
+        git branch j/k'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' \
+       'git branch l/m &&
+        git branch -d l/m &&
+        git branch l'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch -m m m/m should work' \
+       'git branch -l m &&
+        git branch -m m m/m &&
+        test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch -m n/n n should work' \
+       'git branch -l n/n &&
+        git branch -m n/n n
+        test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/n'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/o o should fail when o/p exists' '
+	git branch o/o &&
+        git branch o/p &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m o/o o
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m q r/q should fail when r exists' '
+	git branch q &&
+	git branch r &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m q r/q
+'
+
+mv .git/config .git/config-saved
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m q q2 without config should succeed' '
+	git branch -m q q2 &&
+	git branch -m q2 q
+'
+
+mv .git/config-saved .git/config
+
+git config branch.s/s.dummy Hello
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' \
+       'git branch -l s/s &&
+        test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/s/s &&
+        git branch -l s/t &&
+        test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/s/t &&
+        git branch -d s/t &&
+        git branch -m s/s s &&
+        test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/s'
+
+test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' \
+	"test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
+	 test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy"
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
+'
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m master2 master3 &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 &&
+	test -f .git/refs/heads/master &&
+	! test -f .git/refs/heads/master3
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
+     git branch -l u &&
+     mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
+     ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
+     test_must_fail git branch -m u v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' \
+    'git config remote.local.url . &&
+     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+     git branch --track my1 local/master &&
+     test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
+     test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' \
+    'git config remote.local.url . &&
+     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
+     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+     git branch --track my4 local/master &&
+     test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
+     test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, not matching)' \
+    'git config remote.local.url . &&
+     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
+     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+     git branch --track my5 local/master &&
+     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.remote)" = local &&
+     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' \
+    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+     git config remote.local.url . &&
+     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+     git branch my3 local/master &&
+     test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
+     test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master'
+
+test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' \
+    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+     git config remote.local.url . &&
+     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+     git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
+     git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
+     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
+
+test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' \
+    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+     git branch my6 s &&
+     git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
+     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
+     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' \
+    'git config remote.local.url . &&
+     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
+     git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
+     test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
+     test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' \
+    'git branch -d my7 &&
+     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
+     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' \
+    'git branch my7 s &&
+     sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
+     test "$(git branch -d my7 2>&1)" = "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)."'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' \
+    'git branch --track my8 &&
+     test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
+     test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' \
+    'git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+     git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
+     git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' \
+    'test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^'
+
+# Keep this test last, as it changes the current branch
+cat >expect <<EOF
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' \
+	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+     git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
+	 test -f .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	 test -f .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	 diff expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i'
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid ambiguous track' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.ambi1.url lalala &&
+	git config remote.ambi1.fetch refs/heads/lalala:refs/heads/master &&
+	git config remote.ambi2.url lilili &&
+	git config remote.ambi2.fetch refs/heads/lilili:refs/heads/master &&
+	git branch all1 master &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.all1.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase local on a tracked local branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase local &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch mybase &&
+	git branch --track myr1 mybase &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr1.remote)" = . &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr1.merge)" = refs/heads/mybase &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr1.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase always on a tracked local branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase always &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch mybase2 &&
+	git branch --track myr2 mybase &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr2.remote)" = . &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr2.merge)" = refs/heads/mybase &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr2.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase remote on a tracked local branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase remote &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch mybase3 &&
+	git branch --track myr3 mybase2 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr3.remote)" = . &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr3.merge)" = refs/heads/mybase2 &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.myr3.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase never on a tracked local branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase never &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch mybase4 &&
+	git branch --track myr4 mybase2 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr4.remote)" = . &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr4.merge)" = refs/heads/mybase2 &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.myr4.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase local on a tracked remote branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase local &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track myr5 local/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr5.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr5.merge)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.myr5.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase never on a tracked remote branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase never &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track myr6 local/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr6.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr6.merge)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.myr6.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase remote on a tracked remote branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase remote &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track myr7 local/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr7.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr7.merge)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr7.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase always on a tracked remote branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase remote &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track myr8 local/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr8.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr8.merge)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr8.rebase)" = true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase unconfigured on a tracked remote branch' '
+	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track myr9 local/master &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr9.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr9.merge)" = refs/heads/master &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr9.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase unconfigured on a tracked local branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch mybase10 &&
+	git branch --track myr10 mybase2 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr10.remote)" = . &&
+	test "$(git config branch.myr10.merge)" = refs/heads/mybase2 &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr10.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase unconfigured on untracked local branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr11 mybase2 &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr11.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr11.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr11.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase unconfigured on untracked remote branch' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr12 local/master &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr12.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr12.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr12.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase never on an untracked local branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase never &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr13 mybase2 &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr13.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr13.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr13.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase local on an untracked local branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase local &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr14 mybase2 &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr14.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr14.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr14.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase remote on an untracked local branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase remote &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr15 mybase2 &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr15.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr15.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr15.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase always on an untracked local branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase always &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr16 mybase2 &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr16.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr16.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr16.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase never on an untracked remote branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase never &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr17 local/master &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr17.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr17.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr17.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase local on an untracked remote branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase local &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr18 local/master &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr18.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr18.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr18.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase remote on an untracked remote branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase remote &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr19 local/master &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr19.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr19.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr19.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'autosetuprebase always on an untracked remote branch' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase always &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track myr20 local/master &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr20.remote)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr20.merge)" = z &&
+	test "z$(git config branch.myr20.rebase)" = z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (bad value)' '
+	git config branch.autosetuprebase garbage &&
+	test_must_fail git branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (no value)' '
+	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
+	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >> .git/config &&
+	test_must_fail git branch &&
+	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attempt to delete a branch without base and unmerged to HEAD' '
+	git checkout my9 &&
+	git config --unset branch.my8.merge &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -d my8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attempt to delete a branch merged to its base' '
+	# we are on my9 which is the initial commit; traditionally
+	# we would not have allowed deleting my8 that is not merged
+	# to my9, but it is set to track master that already has my8
+	git config branch.my8.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git branch -d my8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attempt to delete a branch merged to its base' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo Third >>A &&
+	git commit -m "Third commit" A &&
+	git branch -t my10 my9 &&
+	git branch -f my10 HEAD^ &&
+	# we are on master which is at the third commit, and my10
+	# is behind us, so traditionally we would have allowed deleting
+	# it; but my10 is set to track my9 that is further behind.
+	test_must_fail git branch -d my10
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f86f4bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='branch --contains <commit>, --merged, and --no-merged'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "second on master" &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "second on side" &&
+
+	git merge master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains=master' '
+
+	git branch --contains=master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master" && echo "* side"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains master' '
+
+	git branch --contains master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master" && echo "* side"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
+
+	git branch --contains=side >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "* side"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
+
+	git branch --merged >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master" &&
+		echo "* side"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'side: branch --no-merged' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'master: branch --merged' '
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch --merged >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "* master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'master: branch --no-merged' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  side"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh b/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0a5d5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test show-branch with more than 8 heads'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+numbers="1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	for i in $numbers
+	do
+		git checkout -b branch$i master &&
+		> file$i &&
+		git add file$i &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m branch$i || break
+	done
+
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+! [branch1] branch1
+ ! [branch2] branch2
+  ! [branch3] branch3
+   ! [branch4] branch4
+    ! [branch5] branch5
+     ! [branch6] branch6
+      ! [branch7] branch7
+       ! [branch8] branch8
+        ! [branch9] branch9
+         * [branch10] branch10
+----------
+         * [branch10] branch10
+        +  [branch9] branch9
+       +   [branch8] branch8
+      +    [branch7] branch7
+     +     [branch6] branch6
+    +      [branch5] branch5
+   +       [branch4] branch4
+  +        [branch3] branch3
+ +         [branch2] branch2
++          [branch1] branch1
++++++++++* [branch10^] initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'show-branch with more than 8 branches' '
+
+	git show-branch $(for i in $numbers; do echo branch$i; done) > out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-branch with showbranch.default' '
+	for i in $numbers; do
+		git config --add showbranch.default branch$i
+	done &&
+	git show-branch >out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..809d1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git branch display tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'make commits' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make branches' '
+	git branch branch-one
+	git branch branch-two HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make remote branches' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/branch-one branch-one
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/branch-two branch-two
+	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD refs/remotes/origin/branch-one
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+* master
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows local branches' '
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/branch-one
+  origin/branch-one
+  origin/branch-two
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git branch -r shows remote branches' '
+	git branch -r >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+* master
+  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/branch-one
+  remotes/origin/branch-one
+  remotes/origin/branch-two
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git branch -a shows local and remote branches' '
+	git branch -a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+two
+one
+two
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git branch -v shows branch summaries' '
+	git branch -v >tmp &&
+	awk "{print \$NF}" <tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+* (no branch)
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..413019a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Amos Waterland
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Christian Couder
+#
+
+test_description='git pack-refs should not change the branch semantic
+
+This test runs git pack-refs and git show-ref and checks that the branch
+semantic is still the same.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo '[core] logallrefupdates = true' >>.git/config
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare a trivial repository' \
+    'echo Hello > A &&
+     git update-index --add A &&
+     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
+
+SHA1=
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'see if git show-ref works as expected' \
+    'git branch a &&
+     SHA1=`cat .git/refs/heads/a` &&
+     echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/a" >expect &&
+     git show-ref a >result &&
+     diff expect result'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'see if a branch still exists when packed' \
+    'git branch b &&
+     git pack-refs --all &&
+     rm -f .git/refs/heads/b &&
+     echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/b" >expect &&
+     git show-ref b >result &&
+     diff expect result'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch c/d should barf if branch c exists' '
+     git branch c &&
+     git pack-refs --all &&
+     rm -f .git/refs/heads/c &&
+     test_must_fail git branch c/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'see if a branch still exists after git pack-refs --prune' \
+    'git branch e &&
+     git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     echo "$SHA1 refs/heads/e" >expect &&
+     git show-ref e >result &&
+     diff expect result'
+
+test_expect_success 'see if git pack-refs --prune remove ref files' '
+     git branch f &&
+     git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     ! test -f .git/refs/heads/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git branch g should work when git branch g/h has been deleted' \
+    'git branch g/h &&
+     git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     git branch -d g/h &&
+     git branch g &&
+     git pack-refs --all &&
+     git branch -d g'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch i/j/k should barf if branch i exists' '
+     git branch i &&
+     git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     test_must_fail git branch i/j/k
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'test git branch k after branch k/l/m and k/lm have been deleted' \
+    'git branch k/l &&
+     git branch k/lm &&
+     git branch -d k/l &&
+     git branch k/l/m &&
+     git branch -d k/l/m &&
+     git branch -d k/lm &&
+     git branch k'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'test git branch n after some branch deletion and pruning' \
+    'git branch n/o &&
+     git branch n/op &&
+     git branch -d n/o &&
+     git branch n/o/p &&
+     git branch -d n/op &&
+     git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+     git branch -d n/o/p &&
+     git branch n'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'see if up-to-date packed refs are preserved' \
+	'git branch q &&
+	 git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	 git update-ref refs/heads/q refs/heads/q &&
+	 ! test -f .git/refs/heads/q'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack, prune and repack' '
+	git tag foo &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	git show-ref >all-of-them &&
+	git pack-refs &&
+	git show-ref >again &&
+	diff all-of-them again
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..db46d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Pathnames with funny characters.
+
+This test tries pathnames with funny characters in the working
+tree, index, and tree objects.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+p0='no-funny'
+p1='tabs	," (dq) and spaces'
+p2='just space'
+
+cat >"$p0" <<\EOF
+1. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+2. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+3. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+EOF
+
+cat 2>/dev/null >"$p1" "$p0"
+echo 'Foo Bar Baz' >"$p2"
+
+test -f "$p1" && cmp "$p0" "$p1" || {
+	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames, test skipped.'
+	test_done
+}
+
+echo 'just space
+no-funny' >expected
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files no-funny' \
+	'git update-index --add "$p0" "$p2" &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+t0=`git write-tree`
+echo "$t0" >t0
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+just space
+no-funny
+"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files with-funny' \
+	'git update-index --add "$p1" &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+echo 'just space
+no-funny
+tabs	," (dq) and spaces' >expected
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -z with-funny' \
+	'git ls-files -z | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+t1=`git write-tree`
+echo "$t1" >t1
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+just space
+no-funny
+"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree with funny' \
+	'git ls-tree -r $t1 | sed -e "s/^[^	]*	//" >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index with-funny' \
+	'git diff-index --name-status $t0 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree with-funny' \
+	'git diff-tree --name-status $t0 $t1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+echo 'A
+tabs	," (dq) and spaces' >expected
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index -z with-funny' \
+	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -z with-funny' \
+	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+CNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -C with-funny' \
+	'git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder --name-status \
+		$t0 $t1 | sed -e 's/^C[0-9]*/CNUM/' >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+RNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
+	'git update-index --force-remove "$p0" &&
+	git diff-index -M --name-status \
+		$t0 | sed -e 's/^R[0-9]*/RNUM/' >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+similarity index NUM%
+rename from no-funny
+rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
+	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
+	 sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+chmod +x "$p1"
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+old mode 100644
+new mode 100755
+similarity index NUM%
+rename from no-funny
+rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
+	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
+	 sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+ "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+ 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree rename with-funny applied' \
+	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
+	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+ no-funny
+ "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+ 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree delete with-funny applied' \
+	'git diff-index -p $t0 |
+	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply non-git diff' \
+	'git diff-index -p $t0 |
+	 sed -ne "/^[-+@]/p" |
+	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3301-notes.sh b/t/t3301-notes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5d9604b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3301-notes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test commit notes'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat > fake_editor.sh << \EOF
+echo "$MSG" > "$1"
+echo "$MSG" >& 2
+EOF
+chmod a+x fake_editor.sh
+VISUAL=./fake_editor.sh
+export VISUAL
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot annotate non-existing HEAD' '
+	(MSG=3 && export MSG && test_must_fail git notes edit)
+'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	: > a1 &&
+	git add a1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m 1st &&
+	: > a2 &&
+	git add a2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m 2nd
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'need valid notes ref' '
+	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
+	 test_must_fail git notes edit) &&
+	(MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
+	 test_must_fail git notes show)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refusing to edit in refs/heads/' '
+	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus &&
+	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
+	 test_must_fail git notes edit)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refusing to edit in refs/remotes/' '
+	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/remotes/bogus &&
+	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
+	 test_must_fail git notes edit)
+'
+
+# 1 indicates caught gracefully by die, 128 means git-show barked
+test_expect_success 'handle empty notes gracefully' '
+	git notes show ; test 1 = $?
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create notes' '
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	MSG=b1 git notes edit &&
+	test ! -f .git/new-notes &&
+	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
+	test b1 = $(git notes show) &&
+	git show HEAD^ &&
+	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+commit 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    2nd
+
+Notes:
+    b1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'show notes' '
+	! (git cat-file commit HEAD | grep b1) &&
+	git log -1 > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+test_expect_success 'create multi-line notes (setup)' '
+	: > a3 &&
+	git add a3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m 3rd &&
+	MSG="b3
+c3c3c3c3
+d3d3d3" git notes edit
+'
+
+cat > expect-multiline << EOF
+commit 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
+
+    3rd
+
+Notes:
+    b3
+    c3c3c3c3
+    d3d3d3
+EOF
+
+printf "\n" >> expect-multiline
+cat expect >> expect-multiline
+
+test_expect_success 'show multi-line notes' '
+	git log -2 > output &&
+	test_cmp expect-multiline output
+'
+test_expect_success 'create -m and -F notes (setup)' '
+	: > a4 &&
+	git add a4 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m 4th &&
+	echo "xyzzy" > note5 &&
+	git notes edit -m spam -F note5 -m "foo
+bar
+baz"
+'
+
+whitespace="    "
+cat > expect-m-and-F << EOF
+commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
+
+    4th
+
+Notes:
+    spam
+$whitespace
+    xyzzy
+$whitespace
+    foo
+    bar
+    baz
+EOF
+
+printf "\n" >> expect-m-and-F
+cat expect-multiline >> expect-m-and-F
+
+test_expect_success 'show -m and -F notes' '
+	git log -3 > output &&
+	test_cmp expect-m-and-F output
+'
+
+cat >expect << EOF
+commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
+tree e070e3af51011e47b183c33adf9736736a525709
+parent 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
+
+    4th
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git log --pretty=raw does not show notes' '
+	git log -1 --pretty=raw >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >>expect <<EOF
+
+Notes:
+    spam
+$whitespace
+    xyzzy
+$whitespace
+    foo
+    bar
+    baz
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git log --show-notes' '
+	git log -1 --pretty=raw --show-notes >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes' '
+	git log -1 --no-notes >output &&
+	! grep spam output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git format-patch does not show notes' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout >output &&
+	! grep spam output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git format-patch --show-notes does show notes' '
+	git format-patch --show-notes -1 --stdout >output &&
+	grep spam output
+'
+
+for pretty in \
+	"" --pretty --pretty=raw --pretty=short --pretty=medium \
+	--pretty=full --pretty=fuller --pretty=format:%s --oneline
+do
+	case "$pretty" in
+	"") p= not= negate="" ;;
+	?*) p="$pretty" not=" not" negate="!" ;;
+	esac
+	test_expect_success "git show $pretty does$not show notes" '
+		git show $p >output &&
+		eval "$negate grep spam output"
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee84fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test commit notes index (expensive!)'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test -z "$GIT_NOTES_TIMING_TESTS" && {
+	say Skipping timing tests
+	test_done
+	exit
+}
+
+create_repo () {
+	number_of_commits=$1
+	nr=0
+	test -d .git || {
+	git init &&
+	(
+		while [ $nr -lt $number_of_commits ]; do
+			nr=$(($nr+1))
+			mark=$(($nr+$nr))
+			notemark=$(($mark+1))
+			test_tick &&
+			cat <<INPUT_END &&
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :$mark
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit #$nr
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file
+data <<EOF
+file in commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+blob
+mark :$notemark
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+			echo "N :$notemark :$mark" >> note_commit
+		done &&
+		test_tick &&
+		cat <<INPUT_END &&
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes
+COMMIT
+
+INPUT_END
+
+		cat note_commit
+	) |
+	git fast-import --quiet &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits
+	}
+}
+
+test_notes () {
+	count=$1 &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+	i=$count &&
+	while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+		echo "    commit #$i" &&
+		echo "    note for commit #$i" &&
+		i=$(($i-1));
+	done > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+}
+
+cat > time_notes << \EOF
+	mode=$1
+	i=1
+	while [ $i -lt $2 ]; do
+		case $1 in
+		no-notes)
+			GIT_NOTES_REF=non-existing; export GIT_NOTES_REF
+		;;
+		notes)
+			unset GIT_NOTES_REF
+		;;
+		esac
+		git log >/dev/null
+		i=$(($i+1))
+	done
+EOF
+
+time_notes () {
+	for mode in no-notes notes
+	do
+		echo $mode
+		/usr/bin/time sh ../time_notes $mode $1
+	done
+}
+
+for count in 10 100 1000 10000; do
+
+	mkdir $count
+	(cd $count;
+
+	test_expect_success "setup $count" "create_repo $count"
+
+	test_expect_success 'notes work' "test_notes $count"
+
+	test_expect_success 'notes timing' "time_notes 100"
+	)
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh b/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..edc4bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3303-notes-subtrees.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test commit notes organized in subtrees'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+number_of_commits=100
+
+start_note_commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/commits^0
+deleteall
+INPUT_END
+
+}
+
+verify_notes () {
+	git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+	i=$number_of_commits &&
+	while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+		echo "    commit #$i" &&
+		echo "    note for commit #$i" &&
+		i=$(($i-1));
+	done > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+}
+
+test_expect_success "setup: create $number_of_commits commits" '
+
+	(
+		nr=0 &&
+		while [ $nr -lt $number_of_commits ]; do
+			nr=$(($nr+1)) &&
+			test_tick &&
+			cat <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit #$nr
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file
+data <<EOF
+file in commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+		done &&
+		test_tick &&
+		cat <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+no notes
+COMMIT
+
+deleteall
+
+INPUT_END
+
+	) |
+	git fast-import --quiet &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits
+'
+
+test_sha1_based () {
+	(
+		start_note_commit &&
+		nr=$number_of_commits &&
+		git rev-list refs/heads/master |
+		while read sha1; do
+			note_path=$(echo "$sha1" | sed "$1")
+			cat <<INPUT_END &&
+M 100644 inline $note_path
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+			nr=$(($nr-1))
+		done
+	) |
+	git fast-import --quiet
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'test notes in 2/38-fanout' 'test_sha1_based "s|^..|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify notes in 2/38-fanout' 'verify_notes'
+
+test_expect_success 'test notes in 4/36-fanout' 'test_sha1_based "s|^....|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify notes in 4/36-fanout' 'verify_notes'
+
+test_expect_success 'test notes in 2/2/36-fanout' 'test_sha1_based "s|^\(..\)\(..\)|\1/\2/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify notes in 2/2/36-fanout' 'verify_notes'
+
+test_same_notes () {
+	(
+		start_note_commit &&
+		nr=$number_of_commits &&
+		git rev-list refs/heads/master |
+		while read sha1; do
+			first_note_path=$(echo "$sha1" | sed "$1")
+			second_note_path=$(echo "$sha1" | sed "$2")
+			cat <<INPUT_END &&
+M 100644 inline $second_note_path
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+M 100644 inline $first_note_path
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+			nr=$(($nr-1))
+		done
+	) |
+	git fast-import --quiet
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'test same notes in 4/36-fanout and 2/38-fanout' 'test_same_notes "s|^..|&/|" "s|^....|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify same notes in 4/36-fanout and 2/38-fanout' 'verify_notes'
+
+test_expect_success 'test same notes in 2/38-fanout and 2/2/36-fanout' 'test_same_notes "s|^\(..\)\(..\)|\1/\2/|" "s|^..|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify same notes in 2/38-fanout and 2/2/36-fanout' 'verify_notes'
+
+test_expect_success 'test same notes in 4/36-fanout and 2/2/36-fanout' 'test_same_notes "s|^\(..\)\(..\)|\1/\2/|" "s|^....|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify same notes in 4/36-fanout and 2/2/36-fanout' 'verify_notes'
+
+test_concatenated_notes () {
+	(
+		start_note_commit &&
+		nr=$number_of_commits &&
+		git rev-list refs/heads/master |
+		while read sha1; do
+			first_note_path=$(echo "$sha1" | sed "$1")
+			second_note_path=$(echo "$sha1" | sed "$2")
+			cat <<INPUT_END &&
+M 100644 inline $second_note_path
+data <<EOF
+second note for commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+M 100644 inline $first_note_path
+data <<EOF
+first note for commit #$nr
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+			nr=$(($nr-1))
+		done
+	) |
+	git fast-import --quiet
+}
+
+verify_concatenated_notes () {
+    git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+    i=$number_of_commits &&
+    while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+        echo "    commit #$i" &&
+        echo "    first note for commit #$i" &&
+        echo "    second note for commit #$i" &&
+        i=$(($i-1));
+    done > expect &&
+    test_cmp expect output
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'test notes in 4/36-fanout concatenated with 2/38-fanout' 'test_concatenated_notes "s|^..|&/|" "s|^....|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify notes in 4/36-fanout concatenated with 2/38-fanout' 'verify_concatenated_notes'
+
+test_expect_success 'test notes in 2/38-fanout concatenated with 2/2/36-fanout' 'test_concatenated_notes "s|^\(..\)\(..\)|\1/\2/|" "s|^..|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify notes in 2/38-fanout concatenated with 2/2/36-fanout' 'verify_concatenated_notes'
+
+test_expect_success 'test notes in 4/36-fanout concatenated with 2/2/36-fanout' 'test_concatenated_notes "s|^\(..\)\(..\)|\1/\2/|" "s|^....|&/|"'
+test_expect_success 'verify notes in 4/36-fanout concatenated with 2/2/36-fanout' 'verify_concatenated_notes'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3304-notes-mixed.sh b/t/t3304-notes-mixed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..256687f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3304-notes-mixed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test notes trees that also contain non-notes'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+number_of_commits=100
+
+start_note_commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/commits^0
+deleteall
+INPUT_END
+
+}
+
+verify_notes () {
+	git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+	i=$number_of_commits &&
+	while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+		echo "    commit #$i" &&
+		echo "    note for commit #$i" &&
+		i=$(($i-1));
+	done > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+}
+
+test_expect_success "setup: create a couple of commits" '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END >input &&
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit #1
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file
+data <<EOF
+file in commit #1
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END >>input &&
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit #2
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file
+data <<EOF
+file in commit #2
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+	git fast-import --quiet <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success "create a notes tree with both notes and non-notes" '
+
+	commit1=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/master^) &&
+	commit2=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/master) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END >input &&
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes commit #1
+COMMIT
+
+N inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #1
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit2
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #2
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END >>input &&
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes commit #2
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline foobar/non-note.txt
+data <<EOF
+A non-note in a notes tree
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit2
+data <<EOF
+edited note for commit #2
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+	test_tick &&
+	cat <<INPUT_END >>input &&
+commit refs/notes/commits
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes commit #3
+COMMIT
+
+N inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+edited note for commit #1
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline deadbeef
+data <<EOF
+non-note with SHA1-like name
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline de/adbeef
+data <<EOF
+another non-note with SHA1-like name
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+	git fast-import --quiet <input &&
+	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    commit #2
+    edited note for commit #2
+    commit #1
+    edited note for commit #1
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success "verify contents of notes" '
+
+	git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect_nn1 <<EXPECT_END
+A non-note in a notes tree
+EXPECT_END
+cat >expect_nn2 <<EXPECT_END
+non-note with SHA1-like name
+EXPECT_END
+cat >expect_nn3 <<EXPECT_END
+another non-note with SHA1-like name
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success "verify contents of non-notes" '
+
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/commits:foobar/non-note.txt > actual_nn1 &&
+	test_cmp expect_nn1 actual_nn1 &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/commits:deadbeef > actual_nn2 &&
+	test_cmp expect_nn2 actual_nn2 &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/commits:de/adbeef > actual_nn3 &&
+	test_cmp expect_nn3 actual_nn3
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4314ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Amos Waterland
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase assorted tests
+
+This test runs git rebase and checks that the author information is not lost
+among other things.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
+export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare repository with topic branches' \
+    'git config core.logAllRefUpdates true &&
+     echo First > A &&
+     git update-index --add A &&
+     git commit -m "Add A." &&
+     git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
+     echo Second > B &&
+     git update-index --add B &&
+     git commit -m "Add B." &&
+     git checkout -f master &&
+     echo Third >> A &&
+     git update-index A &&
+     git commit -m "Modify A." &&
+     git checkout -b side my-topic-branch &&
+     echo Side >> C &&
+     git add C &&
+     git commit -m "Add C" &&
+     git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
+     echo Edit >> B &&
+     git add B &&
+     git commit -m "Modify B" &&
+     git merge side &&
+     git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
+     git merge master &&
+     git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
+     git tag topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase on dirty worktree' '
+     echo dirty >> A &&
+     test_must_fail git rebase master'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase on dirty cache' '
+     git add A &&
+     test_must_fail git rebase master'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master' '
+     git reset --hard HEAD &&
+     git rebase master'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
+     git rebase master >out &&
+     grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
+     git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
+     grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
+     git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
+     git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
+     grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
+     git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
+     git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
+     grep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' \
+    '! (git log | grep "Author:" | grep "<>")'
+
+test_expect_success 'HEAD was detached during rebase' '
+     test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
+     git reset --hard topic &&
+     git merge master &&
+     git rebase master &&
+     ! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges is linearized' '
+     git checkout nonlinear &&
+     test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
+     git rebase master &&
+     test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
+     git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
+     test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
+     git rebase master &&
+     test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
+     git checkout master &&
+     echo 1 > X &&
+     git add X &&
+     test_tick &&
+     git commit -m prepare &&
+     git checkout -b modechange HEAD^ &&
+     echo 1 > X &&
+     git add X &&
+     test_chmod +x A &&
+     test_tick &&
+     git commit -m modechange &&
+     GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Show verbose error when HEAD could not be detached' '
+     : > B &&
+     test_must_fail git rebase topic 2> output.err > output.out &&
+     grep "Untracked working tree file .B. would be overwritten" output.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -q is quiet' '
+     rm B &&
+     git checkout -b quiet topic &&
+     git rebase -q master > output.out 2>&1 &&
+     test ! -s output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Rebase a commit that sprinkles CRs in' '
+	(
+		echo "One"
+		echo "TwoQ"
+		echo "Three"
+		echo "FQur"
+		echo "Five"
+	) | q_to_cr >CR &&
+	git add CR &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "A file with a line with CR" &&
+	git tag file-with-cr &&
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ &&
+	git diff --exit-code file-with-cr:CR HEAD:CR
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aea6685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Yann Dirson, based on t3400 by Amos Waterland
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase should detect patches integrated upstream
+
+This test cherry-picks one local change of two into master branch, and
+checks that git rebase succeeds with only the second patch in the
+local branch.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare repository with topic branch' \
+    'echo First > A &&
+     git update-index --add A &&
+     git commit -m "Add A." &&
+
+     git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
+
+     echo Second > B &&
+     git update-index --add B &&
+     git commit -m "Add B." &&
+
+     echo AnotherSecond > C &&
+     git update-index --add C &&
+     git commit -m "Add C." &&
+
+     git checkout -f master &&
+
+     echo Third >> A &&
+     git update-index A &&
+     git commit -m "Modify A."
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'pick top patch from topic branch into master' \
+    'git cherry-pick my-topic-branch^0 &&
+     git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
+     git branch master-merge master &&
+     git branch my-topic-branch-merge my-topic-branch
+'
+
+test_debug \
+    'git cherry master &&
+     git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index master >/dev/null &&
+     gitk --all & sleep 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'rebase topic branch against new master and check git am did not get halted' \
+    'git rebase master && test ! -d .git/rebase-apply'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'rebase --merge topic branch that was partially merged upstream' \
+	'git checkout -f my-topic-branch-merge &&
+	 git rebase --merge master-merge &&
+	 test ! -d .git/rebase-merge'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7b7d072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase --merge test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+T="A quick brown fox
+jumps over the lazy dog."
+for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+do
+	echo "$i $T"
+done >original
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git add original &&
+	git commit -m"initial" &&
+	git branch side &&
+	echo "11 $T" >>original &&
+	git commit -a -m"master updates a bit." &&
+
+	echo "12 $T" >>original &&
+	git commit -a -m"master updates a bit more." &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	(echo "0 $T" ; cat original) >renamed &&
+	git add renamed &&
+	git update-index --force-remove original &&
+	git commit -a -m"side renames and edits." &&
+
+	tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]" <original >newfile &&
+	git add newfile &&
+	git commit -a -m"side edits further." &&
+
+	tr "[a-m]" "[A-M]" <original >newfile &&
+	rm -f original &&
+	git commit -a -m"side edits once again." &&
+
+	git branch test-rebase side &&
+	git branch test-rebase-pick side &&
+	git branch test-reference-pick side &&
+	git checkout -b test-merge side
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reference merge' '
+	git merge -s recursive "reference merge" HEAD master
+'
+
+PRE_REBASE=$(git rev-parse test-rebase)
+test_expect_success rebase '
+	git checkout test-rebase &&
+	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase --merge master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test-rebase@{1} is pre rebase' '
+	test $PRE_REBASE = $(git rev-parse test-rebase@{1})
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge and rebase should match' '
+	git diff-tree -r test-rebase test-merge >difference &&
+	if test -s difference
+	then
+		cat difference
+		(exit 1)
+	else
+		echo happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase the other way' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git rebase --merge side
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge and rebase should match' '
+	git diff-tree -r test-rebase test-merge >difference &&
+	if test -s difference
+	then
+		cat difference
+		(exit 1)
+	else
+		echo happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'picking rebase' '
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase --merge --onto master side^^ &&
+	mb=$(git merge-base master HEAD) &&
+	if test "$mb" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	then
+		echo happy
+	else
+		git show-branch
+		(exit 1)
+	fi &&
+	f=$(git diff-tree --name-only HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	g=$(git diff-tree --name-only HEAD^^ HEAD^) &&
+	case "$f,$g" in
+	newfile,newfile)
+		echo happy ;;
+	*)
+		echo "$f"
+		echo "$g"
+		(exit 1)
+	esac
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..64446e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase --merge --skip tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# we assume the default git am -3 --skip strategy is tested independently
+# and always works :)
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello > hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	git commit -m "hello" &&
+	git branch skip-reference &&
+
+	echo world >> hello &&
+	git commit -a -m "hello world" &&
+	echo goodbye >> hello &&
+	git commit -a -m "goodbye" &&
+
+	git checkout -f skip-reference &&
+	echo moo > hello &&
+	git commit -a -m "we should skip this" &&
+	echo moo > cow &&
+	git add cow &&
+	git commit -m "this should not be skipped" &&
+	git branch pre-rebase skip-reference &&
+	git branch skip-merge skip-reference
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase with git am -3 (default)' '
+	test_must_fail git rebase master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --skip with am -3' '
+	git rebase --skip
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase moves back to skip-reference' '
+	test refs/heads/skip-reference = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
+	git branch post-rebase &&
+	git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase master &&
+	echo "hello" > hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test refs/heads/skip-reference = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard post-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout skip-merge' 'git checkout -f skip-merge'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase with --merge' '
+	test_must_fail git rebase --merge master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --skip with --merge' '
+	git rebase --skip
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' \
+	'test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"'
+
+test_expect_success 'moved back to branch correctly' '
+	test refs/heads/skip-merge = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4e35137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase interactive
+
+This test runs git rebase "interactively", by faking an edit, and verifies
+that the result still makes sense.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+set_fake_editor
+
+# Set up the repository like this:
+#
+#     one - two - three - four (conflict-branch)
+#   /
+# A - B - C - D - E            (master)
+# | \
+# |   F - G - H                (branch1)
+# |     \
+#  \      I                    (branch2)
+#   \
+#     J - K - L - M            (no-conflict-branch)
+#
+# where A, B, D and G all touch file1, and one, two, three, four all
+# touch file "conflict".
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit A file1 &&
+	test_commit B file1 &&
+	test_commit C file2 &&
+	test_commit D file1 &&
+	test_commit E file3 &&
+	git checkout -b branch1 A &&
+	test_commit F file4 &&
+	test_commit G file1 &&
+	test_commit H file5 &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 F &&
+	test_commit I file6
+	git checkout -b conflict-branch A &&
+	for n in one two three four
+	do
+		test_commit $n conflict
+	done &&
+	git checkout -b no-conflict-branch A &&
+	for n in J K L M
+	do
+		test_commit $n file$n
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
+	git checkout branch2 &&
+	git rebase -i F &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
+	git checkout -b dead-end &&
+	git rm file6 &&
+	git commit -m "stop here" &&
+	git rebase -i F branch2 &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
+	git checkout -b test-onto branch2 &&
+	git rebase -i --onto branch1 F &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/test-onto" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse branch1) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase on top of a non-conflicting commit' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+	git tag original-branch1 &&
+	git rebase -i branch2 &&
+	test file6 = $(git diff --name-only original-branch1) &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog for the branch shows state before rebase' '
+	test $(git rev-parse branch1@{1}) = $(git rev-parse original-branch1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
+	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
+	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+index f70f10e..fd79235 100644
+--- a/file1
++++ b/file1
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-A
++G
+EOF
+
+cat > expect2 << EOF
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+D
+=======
+G
+>>>>>>> 51047de... G
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
+	git tag new-branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/rebase-merge/patch &&
+	test_cmp expect2 file1 &&
+	test "$(git diff --name-status |
+		sed -n -e "/^U/s/^U[^a-z]*//p")" = file1 &&
+	test 4 = $(grep -v "^#" < .git/rebase-merge/done | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $(grep -c "^[^#]" < .git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'abort' '
+	git rebase --abort &&
+	test $(git rev-parse new-branch1) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'retain authorship' '
+	echo A > file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
+	git tag twerp &&
+	git rebase -i --onto master HEAD^ &&
+	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash' '
+	git reset --hard twerp &&
+	echo B > file7 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Nitfol" git commit -m "nitfol" file7 &&
+	echo "******************************" &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
+		git rebase -i --onto master HEAD~2 &&
+	test B = $(cat file7) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse master)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'retain authorship when squashing' '
+	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git rebase -i -p HEAD^ &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
+	git checkout -b to-be-preserved master^ &&
+	: > unrelated-file &&
+	git add unrelated-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "unrelated" &&
+	git checkout -b another-branch master &&
+	echo B > file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m J file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge to-be-preserved &&
+	echo C > file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m K file1 &&
+	echo D > file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m L1 file1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	echo 1 > unrelated-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m L2 unrelated-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge another-branch &&
+	echo E > file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m M file1 &&
+	git checkout -b to-be-rebased &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase -i -p --onto branch1 master &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD~6) = $(git rev-parse branch1) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD~4^2) = $(git rev-parse to-be-preserved) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^2^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD^^^) &&
+	test $(git show HEAD~5:file1) = B &&
+	test $(git show HEAD~3:file1) = C &&
+	test $(git show HEAD:file1) = E &&
+	test $(git show HEAD:unrelated-file) = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2 3 4" git rebase -i -p HEAD~3 &&
+	echo 2 > unrelated-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m L2-modified --amend unrelated-file &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+	test $(git show HEAD:unrelated-file) = 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
+	echo resolved > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="chouette!" git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse new-branch1) &&
+	git show HEAD | grep chouette
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose flag is heeded, even after --continue' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD@{1} &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -v -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
+	echo resolved > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git rebase --continue > output &&
+	grep "^ file1 |    2 +-$" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 squash 3 squash 4" \
+		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
+		git rebase -i $base &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
+	git checkout -b multi-fixup E &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="NEVER" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 fixup 3 fixup 4" \
+		git rebase -i $base &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test 0 = $(git show | grep NEVER | wc -l) &&
+	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git branch -D multi-fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-fixup conflict-branch &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
+	) &&
+	echo three > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
+		git rebase --continue &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l) &&
+	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git branch -D conflict-fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit message retained after conflict' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-squash conflict-branch &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
+	) &&
+	echo three > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="TWICE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
+		git rebase --continue &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test 2 = $(git show | grep TWICE | wc -l) &&
+	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git branch -D conflict-squash
+'
+
+cat > expect-squash-fixup << EOF
+B
+
+D
+
+ONCE
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
+	git checkout -b squash-fixup E &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 squash 3 fixup 4" \
+		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
+		git rebase -i $base &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e 1,/^\$/d > actual-squash-fixup &&
+	test_cmp expect-squash-fixup actual-squash-fixup &&
+	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git branch -D squash-fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
+	git checkout -b skip-comments E &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="# 1 # squash 2 # squash 3 # squash 4 #" \
+		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
+		git rebase -i $base &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l) &&
+	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git branch -D skip-comments
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
+	git checkout -b skip-blank-lines E &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="> 1 > squash 2 > squash 3 > squash 4 >" \
+		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
+		git rebase -i $base &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show | grep ONCE | wc -l) &&
+	git checkout to-be-rebased &&
+	git branch -D skip-blank-lines
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
+	git checkout -b squash-works no-conflict-branch &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
+		git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
+	git checkout -b interrupted-squash conflict-branch &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
+	) &&
+	(echo one; echo two; echo four) > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	echo resolved > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
+	git checkout -b interrupted-squash2 conflict-branch &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
+	) &&
+	(echo one; echo four) > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	(echo one; echo two; echo four) > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	echo resolved > conflict &&
+	git add conflict &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore patch if in upstream' '
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git checkout -b has-cherry-picked HEAD^ &&
+	echo unrelated > file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "unrelated change" &&
+	git cherry-pick $HEAD &&
+	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i $HEAD &&
+	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
+	parent=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	echo edited > file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="chouette!" git rebase --continue &&
+	test edited = $(git show HEAD:file7) &&
+	git show HEAD | grep chouette &&
+	test $parent = $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
+	old=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	(
+		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " &&
+		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
+	) &&
+	test $old = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
+	test_tick &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="edited file7 again" git commit &&
+	echo "and again" > file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" &&
+		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
+	) &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase a detached HEAD' '
+	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
+	git checkout $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
+	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase a commit violating pre-commit' '
+
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	PRE_COMMIT=.git/hooks/pre-commit &&
+	echo "#!/bin/sh" > $PRE_COMMIT &&
+	echo "test -z \"\$(git diff --cached --check)\"" >> $PRE_COMMIT &&
+	chmod a+x $PRE_COMMIT &&
+	echo "monde! " >> file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m doesnt-verify file1 &&
+	git commit -m doesnt-verify --no-verify file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	FAKE_LINES=2 git rebase -i HEAD~2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase with a file named HEAD in worktree' '
+
+	rm -fr .git/hooks &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b branch3 A &&
+
+	(
+		GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Squashed Away" &&
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+		>HEAD &&
+		git add HEAD &&
+		git commit -m "Add head" &&
+		>BODY &&
+		git add BODY &&
+		git commit -m "Add body"
+	) &&
+
+	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i to-be-rebased &&
+	test "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%an)" = "Squashed Away"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do "noop" when there is nothing to cherry-pick' '
+
+	git checkout -b branch4 HEAD &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=: git commit --amend \
+		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" 
+	test $(git rev-parse branch3) != $(git rev-parse branch4) &&
+	git rebase -i branch3 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse branch3) = $(git rev-parse branch4)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule rebase setup' '
+	git checkout A &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub && git init && >elif &&
+		git add elif && git commit -m "submodule initial"
+	) &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add file1 sub
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "One" &&
+	echo 2 >file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "Two" &&
+	(
+		cd sub && echo 3 >elif &&
+		git commit -a -m "submodule second"
+	) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "Three changes submodule"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule rebase -i' '
+	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 3" git rebase -i A
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test-chmtime =123456789 file3 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~4 &&
+	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	MTIME=$(test-chmtime -v +0 file3 | sed 's/[^0-9].*$//') &&
+	test 123456789 = $MTIME
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reword' '
+	git checkout -b reword-branch master &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 reword 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="E changed" git rebase -i A &&
+	git show HEAD | grep "E changed" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master) != $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 reword 3 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="D changed" git rebase -i A &&
+	git show HEAD^ | grep "D changed" &&
+	FAKE_LINES="reword 1 2 3 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="B changed" git rebase -i A &&
+	git show HEAD~3 | grep "B changed" &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 reword 2 3 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="C changed" git rebase -i A &&
+	git show HEAD~2 | grep "C changed"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e5ad67c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase should not insist on git message convention'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >F <<\EOF
+This is an example of a commit log message
+that does not  conform to git commit convention.
+
+It has two paragraphs, but its first paragraph is not friendly
+to oneline summary format.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file1 &&
+	>file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	cat F >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -F F &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F0 &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	echo One >file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m "Second commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success rebase '
+
+	git rebase master side &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F1 &&
+
+	test_cmp F0 F1 &&
+	test_cmp F F0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..85fc7c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='messages from rebase operation'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+quick_one () {
+	echo "$1" >"file$1" &&
+	git add "file$1" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	quick_one O &&
+	git branch topic &&
+	quick_one X &&
+	quick_one A &&
+	quick_one B &&
+	quick_one Y &&
+
+	git checkout topic &&
+	quick_one A &&
+	quick_one B &&
+	quick_one Z &&
+	git tag start
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Already applied: 0001 A
+Already applied: 0002 B
+Committed: 0003 Z
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
+
+	git rebase -m master >report &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
+		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --stat' '
+        git reset --hard start
+        git rebase --stat master >diffstat.txt &&
+        grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase w/config rebase.stat' '
+        git reset --hard start
+        git config rebase.stat true &&
+        git rebase master >diffstat.txt &&
+        grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -n overrides config rebase.stat config' '
+        git reset --hard start
+        git config rebase.stat true &&
+        git rebase -n master >diffstat.txt &&
+        ! grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh b/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2999e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rebase --abort tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+### Test that we handle space characters properly
+work_dir="$(pwd)/test dir"
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir -p "$work_dir" &&
+	cd "$work_dir" &&
+	git init &&
+	echo a > a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m a &&
+	git branch to-rebase &&
+
+	echo b > a &&
+	git commit -a -m b &&
+	echo c > a &&
+	git commit -a -m c &&
+
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	echo d > a &&
+	git commit -a -m "merge should fail on this" &&
+	echo e > a &&
+	git commit -a -m "merge should fail on this, too" &&
+	git branch pre-rebase
+'
+
+testrebase() {
+	type=$1
+	dotest=$2
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type --abort" '
+		cd "$work_dir" &&
+		# Clean up the state from the previous one
+		git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type master &&
+		test -d "$dotest" &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test $(git rev-parse to-rebase) = $(git rev-parse pre-rebase) &&
+		test ! -d "$dotest"
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type --abort after --skip" '
+		cd "$work_dir" &&
+		# Clean up the state from the previous one
+		git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type master &&
+		test -d "$dotest" &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --skip &&
+		test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse master) &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test $(git rev-parse to-rebase) = $(git rev-parse pre-rebase) &&
+		test ! -d "$dotest"
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type --abort after --continue" '
+		cd "$work_dir" &&
+		# Clean up the state from the previous one
+		git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type master &&
+		test -d "$dotest" &&
+		echo c > a &&
+		echo d >> a &&
+		git add a &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+		test $(git rev-parse HEAD) != $(git rev-parse master) &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test $(git rev-parse to-rebase) = $(git rev-parse pre-rebase) &&
+		test ! -d "$dotest"
+	'
+}
+
+testrebase "" .git/rebase-apply
+testrebase " --merge" .git/rebase-merge
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh b/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2062b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3408-rebase-multi-line.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebasing a commit with multi-line first paragraph.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	echo hello >file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "A sample commit log message that has a long
+summary that spills over multiple lines.
+
+But otherwise with a sane description."
+
+	git branch side &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	>elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success rebase '
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
+	git cat-file commit side@{1} | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8f785e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright(C) 2008 Stephen Habermann & Andreas Ericsson
+#
+test_description='git rebase -p should preserve merges
+
+Run "git rebase -p" and check that merges are properly carried along
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
+export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+
+# Clone 1 (trivial merge):
+#
+# A1--A2  <-- origin/master
+#  \   \
+#   B1--M  <-- topic
+#    \
+#     B2  <-- origin/topic
+#
+# Clone 2 (conflicting merge):
+#
+# A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
+#  \       \
+#   B1------M  <-- topic
+#    \
+#     B2       <-- origin/topic
+#
+# In both cases, 'topic' is rebased onto 'origin/topic'.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
+	'echo First > A &&
+	git add A &&
+	git commit -m "Add A1" &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	echo Second > B &&
+	git add B &&
+	git commit -m "Add B1" &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo Third >> A &&
+	git commit -a -m "Modify A2" &&
+
+	git clone ./. clone1 &&
+	cd clone1 &&
+	git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
+	git merge origin/master &&
+	cd .. &&
+
+	echo Fifth > B &&
+	git add B &&
+	git commit -m "Add different B" &&
+
+	git clone ./. clone2 &&
+	cd clone2 &&
+	git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
+	test_must_fail git merge origin/master &&
+	echo Resolved > B &&
+	git add B &&
+	git commit -m "Merge origin/master into topic" &&
+	cd .. &&
+
+	git checkout topic &&
+	echo Fourth >> B &&
+	git commit -a -m "Modify B2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -p fakes interactive rebase' '
+	(
+	cd clone1 &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git rebase -p origin/topic &&
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote branch " | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--continue works after a conflict' '
+	(
+	cd clone2 &&
+	git fetch &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -p origin/topic &&
+	test 2 = $(git ls-files B | wc -l) &&
+	echo Resolved again > B &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
+	grep "^@@@ " .git/rebase-merge/patch &&
+	git add B &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Add different" | wc -l) &&
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge origin" | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh b/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c49143a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Stephen Haberman
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase preserve merges
+
+This test runs git rebase with preserve merges and ensures commits
+dropped by the --cherry-pick flag have their childrens parents
+rewritten.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# set up two branches like this:
+#
+# A - B - C - D - E
+#   \
+#     F - G - H
+#       \
+#         I
+#
+# where B, D and G touch the same file.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit A file1 &&
+	test_commit B file1 1 &&
+	test_commit C file2 &&
+	test_commit D file1 2 &&
+	test_commit E file3 &&
+	git checkout A &&
+	test_commit F file4 &&
+	test_commit G file1 3 &&
+	test_commit H file5 &&
+	git checkout F &&
+	test_commit I file6
+'
+
+# A - B - C - D - E
+#   \             \ \
+#     F - G - H -- L \        -->   L
+#       \            |               \
+#         I -- G2 -- J -- K           I -- K
+# G2 = same changes as G
+test_expect_success 'skip same-resolution merges with -p' '
+	git checkout H &&
+	! git merge E &&
+	test_commit L file1 23 &&
+	git checkout I &&
+	test_commit G2 file1 3 &&
+	! git merge E &&
+	test_commit J file1 23 &&
+	test_commit K file7 file7 &&
+	git rebase -i -p L &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse L) &&
+	test "23" = "$(cat file1)" &&
+	test "I" = "$(cat file6)" &&
+	test "file7" = "$(cat file7)"
+'
+
+# A - B - C - D - E
+#   \             \ \
+#     F - G - H -- L2 \        -->   L2
+#       \             |                \
+#         I -- G3 --- J2 -- K2           I -- G3 -- K2
+# G2 = different changes as G
+test_expect_success 'keep different-resolution merges with -p' '
+	git checkout H &&
+	! git merge E &&
+	test_commit L2 file1 23 &&
+	git checkout I &&
+	test_commit G3 file1 4 &&
+	! git merge E &&
+	test_commit J2 file1 24 &&
+	test_commit K2 file7 file7 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i -p L2 &&
+	echo 234 > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^^) = $(git rev-parse L2) &&
+	test "234" = "$(cat file1)" &&
+	test "I" = "$(cat file6)" &&
+	test "file7" = "$(cat file7)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14a23cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Stephen Haberman
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase preserve merges
+
+This test runs git rebase with -p and tries to squash a commit from after
+a merge to before the merge.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+set_fake_editor
+
+# set up two branches like this:
+#
+# A1 - B1 - D1 - E1 - F1
+#       \        /
+#        -- C1 --
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit A1 &&
+	test_commit B1 &&
+	test_commit C1 &&
+	git reset --hard B1 &&
+	test_commit D1 &&
+	test_merge E1 C1 &&
+	test_commit F1
+'
+
+# Should result in:
+#
+# A1 - B1 - D2 - E2
+#       \        /
+#        -- C1 --
+#
+test_expect_success 'squash F1 into D1' '
+	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" git rebase -i -p B1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse C1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~2)" = "$(git rev-parse B1)" &&
+	git tag E2
+'
+
+# Start with:
+#
+# A1 - B1 - D2 - E2
+#  \
+#   G1 ---- L1 ---- M1
+#    \             /
+#     H1 -- J1 -- K1
+#      \         /
+#        -- I1 --
+#
+# And rebase G1..M1 onto E2
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase two levels of merge' '
+	test_commit G1 &&
+	test_commit H1 &&
+	test_commit I1 &&
+	git checkout -b branch3 H1 &&
+	test_commit J1 &&
+	test_merge K1 I1 &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 G1 &&
+	test_commit L1 &&
+	test_merge M1 K1 &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=: git rebase -i -p E2 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" = "$(git rev-parse E2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2^2~2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2^1^1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2^2^1)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5869061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rebase --root
+
+Tests if git rebase --root --onto <newparent> can rebase the root commit.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+log_with_names () {
+	git rev-list --topo-order --parents --pretty="tformat:%s" HEAD |
+	git name-rev --stdin --name-only --refs=refs/heads/$1
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
+	test_commit 1 A &&
+	test_commit 2 A &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/other &&
+	rm .git/index &&
+	test_commit 3 B &&
+	test_commit 1b A 1 &&
+	test_commit 4 B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root expects --onto' '
+	test_must_fail git rebase --root
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook' '
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	cat >.git/hooks/pre-rebase <<EOF &&
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+echo "\$1,\$2" >.git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT
+EOF
+	chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-rebase
+'
+cat > expect <<EOF
+4
+3
+2
+1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root --onto <newbase>' '
+	git checkout -b work &&
+	git rebase --root --onto master &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased &&
+	test_cmp expect rebased
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase got correct input (1)' '
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root --onto <newbase> <branch>' '
+	git branch work2 other &&
+	git rebase --root --onto master work2 &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased2 &&
+	test_cmp expect rebased2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase got correct input (2)' '
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,work2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root --onto <newbase>' '
+	git checkout -b work3 other &&
+	git rebase -i --root --onto master &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased3 &&
+	test_cmp expect rebased3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase got correct input (3)' '
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root --onto <newbase> <branch>' '
+	git branch work4 other &&
+	git rebase -i --root --onto master work4 &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased4 &&
+	test_cmp expect rebased4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase got correct input (4)' '
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,work4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p with linear history' '
+	git checkout -b work5 other &&
+	git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased5 &&
+	test_cmp expect rebased5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase got correct input (5)' '
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = z--root,
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up merge history' '
+	git checkout other^ &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit 5 C &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git merge side
+'
+
+cat > expect-side <<'EOF'
+commit work6 work6~1 work6^2
+Merge branch 'side' into other
+commit work6^2 work6~2
+5
+commit work6~1 work6~2
+4
+commit work6~2 work6~3
+3
+commit work6~3 work6~4
+2
+commit work6~4
+1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p with merge' '
+	git checkout -b work6 other &&
+	git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
+	log_with_names work6 > rebased6 &&
+	test_cmp expect-side rebased6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up second root and merge' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/third &&
+	rm .git/index &&
+	rm A B C &&
+	test_commit 6 D &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git merge third
+'
+
+cat > expect-third <<'EOF'
+commit work7 work7~1 work7^2
+Merge branch 'third' into other
+commit work7^2 work7~4
+6
+commit work7~1 work7~2 work7~1^2
+Merge branch 'side' into other
+commit work7~1^2 work7~3
+5
+commit work7~2 work7~3
+4
+commit work7~3 work7~4
+3
+commit work7~4 work7~5
+2
+commit work7~5
+1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p with two roots' '
+	git checkout -b work7 other &&
+	git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
+	log_with_names work7 > rebased7 &&
+	test_cmp expect-third rebased7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook that fails' '
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	cat >.git/hooks/pre-rebase <<EOF &&
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+false
+EOF
+	chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase' '
+	git checkout -b stops1 other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --root --onto master &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/stops1
+	test 0 = $(git rev-list other...stops1 | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase -i' '
+	git checkout -b stops2 other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --root --onto master &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/stops2
+	test 0 = $(git rev-list other...stops2 | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove pre-rebase hook' '
+	rm -f .git/hooks/pre-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up a conflict' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo conflict > B &&
+	git add B &&
+	git commit -m conflict
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root with conflict (first part)' '
+	git checkout -b conflict1 other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --root --onto master &&
+	git ls-files -u | grep "B$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fix the conflict' '
+	echo 3 > B &&
+	git add B
+'
+
+cat > expect-conflict <<EOF
+6
+5
+4
+3
+conflict
+2
+1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root with conflict (second part)' '
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > conflict1 &&
+	test_cmp expect-conflict conflict1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root with conflict (first part)' '
+	git checkout -b conflict2 other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i --root --onto master &&
+	git ls-files -u | grep "B$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fix the conflict' '
+	echo 3 > B &&
+	git add B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root with conflict (second part)' '
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > conflict2 &&
+	test_cmp expect-conflict conflict2
+'
+
+cat >expect-conflict-p <<\EOF
+commit conflict3 conflict3~1 conflict3^2
+Merge branch 'third' into other
+commit conflict3^2 conflict3~4
+6
+commit conflict3~1 conflict3~2 conflict3~1^2
+Merge branch 'side' into other
+commit conflict3~1^2 conflict3~3
+5
+commit conflict3~2 conflict3~3
+4
+commit conflict3~3 conflict3~4
+3
+commit conflict3~4 conflict3~5
+conflict
+commit conflict3~5 conflict3~6
+2
+commit conflict3~6
+1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p --root with conflict (first part)' '
+	git checkout -b conflict3 other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i -p --root --onto master &&
+	git ls-files -u | grep "B$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fix the conflict' '
+	echo 3 > B &&
+	git add B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i -p --root with conflict (second part)' '
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	log_with_names conflict3 >out &&
+	test_cmp expect-conflict-p out
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..098b755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rebase with its hook(s)'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo goodbye >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	echo world >git &&
+	git add git &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m side &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --graph --all &&
+	git branch test side
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i master &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook' '
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	cat >.git/hooks/pre-rebase <<EOF &&
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+echo "\$1,\$2" >.git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT
+EOF
+	chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook gets correct input (1)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld &&
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = zmaster,
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook gets correct input (2)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase master test &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld &&
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = zmaster,test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook gets correct input (3)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git rebase master test &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld &&
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = zmaster,test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook gets correct input (4)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i master &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld &&
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = zmaster,
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook gets correct input (5)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i master test &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld &&
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = zmaster,test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook gets correct input (6)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i master test &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld &&
+	test "z$(cat .git/PRE-REBASE-INPUT)" = zmaster,test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook that fails' '
+	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
+	cat >.git/hooks/pre-rebase <<EOF &&
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+false
+EOF
+	chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (1)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase master &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
+	test 0 = $(git rev-list HEAD...side | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (2)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	(
+		EDITOR=:
+		export EDITOR
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i master
+	) &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
+	test 0 = $(git rev-list HEAD...side | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --no-verify overrides pre-rebase (1)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase --no-verify master &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --no-verify overrides pre-rebase (2)' '
+	git checkout test &&
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase --no-verify -i master &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
+	test "z$(cat git)" = zworld
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh b/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee0a6cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3414-rebase-preserve-onto.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Greg Price
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase -p should respect --onto
+
+In a rebase with --onto, we should rewrite all the commits that
+aren'"'"'t on top of $ONTO, even if they are on top of $UPSTREAM.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+# Set up branches like this:
+# A1---B1---E1---F1---G1
+#  \    \             /
+#   \    \--C1---D1--/
+#    H1
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit A1 &&
+	test_commit B1 &&
+	test_commit C1 &&
+	test_commit D1 &&
+	git reset --hard B1 &&
+	test_commit E1 &&
+	test_commit F1 &&
+	test_merge G1 D1 &&
+	git reset --hard A1 &&
+	test_commit H1
+'
+
+# Now rebase merge G1 from both branches' base B1, both should move:
+# A1---B1---E1---F1---G1
+#  \    \             /
+#   \    \--C1---D1--/
+#    \
+#     H1---E2---F2---G2
+#      \             /
+#       \--C2---D2--/
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase from B1 onto H1' '
+	git checkout G1 &&
+	git rebase -p --onto H1 B1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1^1^1)" = "$(git rev-parse H1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2^1^1)" = "$(git rev-parse H1)"
+'
+
+# On the other hand if rebase from E1 which is within one branch,
+# then the other branch stays:
+# A1---B1---E1---F1---G1
+#  \    \             /
+#   \    \--C1---D1--/
+#    \             \
+#     H1-----F3-----G3
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase from E1 onto H1' '
+	git checkout G1 &&
+	git rebase -p --onto H1 E1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1^1)" = "$(git rev-parse H1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse D1)"
+'
+
+# And the same if we rebase from a commit in the second-parent branch.
+# A1---B1---E1---F1----G1
+#  \    \          \   /
+#   \    \--C1---D1-\-/
+#    \               \
+#     H1------D3------G4
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase from C1 onto H1' '
+	git checkout G1 &&
+	git rev-list --first-parent --pretty=oneline C1..G1 &&
+	git rebase -p --onto H1 C1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2^1)" = "$(git rev-parse H1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" = "$(git rev-parse F1)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b63f4e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='auto squash'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo 0 >file0 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+	echo 0 >file1 &&
+	echo 2 >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "first commit" &&
+	echo 3 >file3 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "second commit" &&
+	git tag base
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto fixup' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! first"
+
+	git tag final-fixup &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-fixup &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto squash' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! first"
+
+	git tag final-squash &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-squash &&
+	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'misspelled auto squash' '
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "squash! forst"
+	git tag final-missquash &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test 4 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	git diff --exit-code final-missquash &&
+	test 0 = $(git rev-list final-missquash...HEAD | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3416-rebase-onto-threedots.sh b/t/t3416-rebase-onto-threedots.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ddf2f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3416-rebase-onto-threedots.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rebase --onto A...B'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-rebase.sh"
+
+# Rebase only the tip commit of "topic" on merge base between "master"
+# and "topic".  Cannot do this for "side" with "master" because there
+# is no single merge base.
+#
+#
+#	    F---G topic                             G'
+#	   /                                       /
+# A---B---C---D---E master      -->       A---B---C---D---E
+#      \   \ /
+#	\   x
+#	 \ / \
+#	  H---I---J---K side
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git branch side &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git branch topic &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	test_commit H &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge H &&
+	git tag D &&
+	test_commit E &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	test_commit F &&
+	test_commit G &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge C &&
+	git tag I &&
+	test_commit J &&
+	test_commit K
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --onto master...topic' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	git reset --hard G &&
+
+	git rebase --onto master...topic F &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse C^0 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --onto master...' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	git reset --hard G &&
+
+	git rebase --onto master... F &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse C^0 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --onto master...side' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git reset --hard K &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master...side J
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --onto master...topic' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	git reset --hard G &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i --onto master...topic F &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse C^0 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --onto master...' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	git reset --hard G &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i --onto master... F &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse C^0 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --onto master...side' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git reset --hard K &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto master...side J
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3500-cherry.sh b/t/t3500-cherry.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dadbbc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3500-cherry.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Yann Dirson, based on t3400 by Amos Waterland
+#
+
+test_description='git cherry should detect patches integrated upstream
+
+This test cherry-picks one local change of two into master branch, and
+checks that git cherry only returns the second patch in the local branch
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
+export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare repository with topic branch, and check cherry finds the 2 patches from there' \
+    'echo First > A &&
+     git update-index --add A &&
+     git commit -m "Add A." &&
+
+     git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
+
+     echo Second > B &&
+     git update-index --add B &&
+     git commit -m "Add B." &&
+
+     sleep 2 &&
+     echo AnotherSecond > C &&
+     git update-index --add C &&
+     git commit -m "Add C." &&
+
+     git checkout -f master &&
+     rm -f B C &&
+
+     echo Third >> A &&
+     git update-index A &&
+     git commit -m "Modify A." &&
+
+     expr "$(echo $(git cherry master my-topic-branch) )" : "+ [^ ]* + .*"
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'check that cherry with limit returns only the top patch'\
+    'expr "$(echo $(git cherry master my-topic-branch my-topic-branch^1) )" : "+ [^ ]*"
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'cherry-pick one of the 2 patches, and check cherry recognized one and only one as new' \
+    'git cherry-pick my-topic-branch^0 &&
+     echo $(git cherry master my-topic-branch) &&
+     expr "$(echo $(git cherry master my-topic-branch) )" : "+ [^ ]* - .*"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7f85815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test cherry-pick and revert with renames
+
+  --
+   + rename2: renames oops to opos
+  +  rename1: renames oops to spoo
+  +  added:   adds extra line to oops
+  ++ initial: has lines in oops
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for l in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
+	do
+		echo $l$l$l$l$l$l$l$l$l
+	done >oops &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git add oops &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "Add extra line at the end" >>oops &&
+	git commit -a -m added &&
+	git tag added &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git mv oops spoo &&
+	git commit -m rename1 &&
+	git tag rename1 &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git checkout -b side initial &&
+	git mv oops opos &&
+	git commit -m rename2 &&
+	git tag rename2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick after renaming branch' '
+
+	git checkout rename2 &&
+	git cherry-pick added &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse rename2) &&
+	test -f opos &&
+	grep "Add extra line at the end" opos
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert after renaming branch' '
+
+	git checkout rename1 &&
+	git revert added &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse rename1) &&
+	test -f spoo &&
+	! grep "Add extra line at the end" spoo
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert forbidden on dirty working tree' '
+
+	echo content >extra_file &&
+	git add extra_file &&
+	test_must_fail git revert HEAD 2>errors &&
+	grep "Your local changes would be overwritten by " errors
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh b/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ab52da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3502-cherry-pick-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='cherry picking and reverting a merge
+
+		b---c
+	       /   /
+	initial---a
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>A &&
+	>B &&
+	git add A B &&
+	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+	echo new line >A &&
+	git commit -m "add line to A" A &&
+	git tag a &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo new line >B &&
+	git commit -m "add line to B" B &&
+	git tag b &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge side &&
+	git tag c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a non-merge with -m should fail' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout a^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -m 1 b &&
+	git diff --exit-code a --
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick a merge without -m should fail' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout a^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick c &&
+	git diff --exit-code a --
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick a merge (1)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout a^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick -m 1 c &&
+	git diff --exit-code c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick a merge (2)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout b^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick -m 2 c &&
+	git diff --exit-code c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick a merge relative to nonexistent parent should fail' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout b^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -m 3 c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert a non-merge with -m should fail' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout c^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git revert -m 1 b &&
+	git diff --exit-code c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert a merge without -m should fail' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout c^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git revert c &&
+	git diff --exit-code c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert a merge (1)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout c^0 &&
+	git revert -m 1 c &&
+	git diff --exit-code a --
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert a merge (2)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout c^0 &&
+	git revert -m 2 c &&
+	git diff --exit-code b --
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revert a merge relative to nonexistent parent should fail' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout c^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git revert -m 3 c &&
+	git diff --exit-code c
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3503-cherry-pick-root.sh b/t/t3503-cherry-pick-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b0faa29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3503-cherry-pick-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test cherry-picking a root commit'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo first > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "first" &&
+
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/second &&
+	rm .git/index file1 &&
+	echo second > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "second"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a root commit' '
+
+	git cherry-pick master &&
+	test first = $(cat file1)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh b/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f7b3518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3504-cherry-pick-rerere.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='cherry-pick should rerere for conflicts'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo foo >foo &&
+	git add foo && test_tick && git commit -q -m 1 &&
+	echo foo-master >foo &&
+	git add foo && test_tick && git commit -q -m 2 &&
+
+	git checkout -b dev HEAD^ &&
+	echo foo-dev >foo &&
+	git add foo && test_tick && git commit -q -m 3 &&
+	git config rerere.enabled true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflicting merge' '
+	test_must_fail git merge master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup' '
+	echo foo-dev >foo &&
+	git add foo && test_tick && git commit -q -m 4 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+	echo foo-dev >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick conflict' '
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick master &&
+	test_cmp expect foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reconfigure' '
+	git config rerere.enabled false
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick conflict without rerere' '
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick master &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expect foo
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e51e505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test cherry-picking an empty commit'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo first > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "first" &&
+
+	git checkout -b empty-branch &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick an empty commit' '
+	git checkout master && {
+		git cherry-pick empty-branch
+		test "$?" = 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
+
+	test ! -f .git/index.lock
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..76b1bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Carl D. Worth
+#
+
+test_description='Test of the various options to git rm.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Setup some files to be removed, some with funny characters
+test_expect_success \
+    'Initialize test directory' \
+    "touch -- foo bar baz 'space embedded' -q &&
+     git add -- foo bar baz 'space embedded' -q &&
+     git commit -m 'add normal files'"
+
+if touch -- 'tab	embedded' 'newline
+embedded' 2>/dev/null
+then
+	test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
+else
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames.'
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FUNNYNAMES 'add files with funny names' "
+     git add -- 'tab	embedded' 'newline
+embedded' &&
+     git commit -m 'add files with tabs and newlines'
+"
+
+# Determine rm behavior
+# Later we will try removing an unremovable path to make sure
+# git rm barfs, but if the test is run as root that cannot be
+# arranged.
+: >test-file
+chmod a-w .
+rm -f test-file 2>/dev/null
+if test -f test-file
+then
+	test_set_prereq RO_DIR
+else
+	say 'skipping removal failure test (perhaps running as root?)'
+fi
+chmod 775 .
+rm -f test-file
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Pre-check that foo exists and is in index before git rm foo' \
+    '[ -f foo ] && git ls-files --error-unmatch foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that git rm foo succeeds' \
+    'git rm --cached foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that git rm --cached foo succeeds if the index matches the file' \
+    'echo content > foo
+     git add foo
+     git rm --cached foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that git rm --cached foo succeeds if the index matches the file' \
+    'echo content > foo
+     git add foo
+     git commit -m foo
+     echo "other content" > foo
+     git rm --cached foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that git rm --cached foo fails if the index matches neither the file nor HEAD' '
+     echo content > foo
+     git add foo
+     git commit -m foo
+     echo "other content" > foo
+     git add foo
+     echo "yet another content" > foo
+     test_must_fail git rm --cached foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that git rm --cached -f foo works in case where --cached only did not' \
+    'echo content > foo
+     git add foo
+     git commit -m foo
+     echo "other content" > foo
+     git add foo
+     echo "yet another content" > foo
+     git rm --cached -f foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Post-check that foo exists but is not in index after git rm foo' \
+    '[ -f foo ] && test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Pre-check that bar exists and is in index before "git rm bar"' \
+    '[ -f bar ] && git ls-files --error-unmatch bar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that "git rm bar" succeeds' \
+    'git rm bar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Post-check that bar does not exist and is not in index after "git rm -f bar"' \
+    '! [ -f bar ] && test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch bar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that "git rm -- -q" succeeds (remove a file that looks like an option)' \
+    'git rm -- -q'
+
+test_expect_success FUNNYNAMES \
+    "Test that \"git rm -f\" succeeds with embedded space, tab, or newline characters." \
+    "git rm -f 'space embedded' 'tab	embedded' 'newline
+embedded'"
+
+test_expect_success RO_DIR 'Test that "git rm -f" fails if its rm fails' '
+	chmod a-w . &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f baz &&
+	chmod 775 .
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'When the rm in "git rm -f" fails, it should not remove the file from the index' \
+    'git ls-files --error-unmatch baz'
+
+test_expect_success 'Remove nonexistent file with --ignore-unmatch' '
+	git rm --ignore-unmatch nonexistent
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"rm" command printed' '
+	echo frotz > test-file &&
+	git add test-file &&
+	git commit -m "add file for rm test" &&
+	git rm test-file > rm-output &&
+	test `grep "^rm " rm-output | wc -l` = 1 &&
+	rm -f test-file rm-output &&
+	git commit -m "remove file from rm test"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"rm" command suppressed with --quiet' '
+	echo frotz > test-file &&
+	git add test-file &&
+	git commit -m "add file for rm --quiet test" &&
+	git rm --quiet test-file > rm-output &&
+	test `wc -l < rm-output` = 0 &&
+	rm -f test-file rm-output &&
+	git commit -m "remove file from rm --quiet test"
+'
+
+# Now, failure cases.
+test_expect_success 'Re-add foo and baz' '
+	git add foo baz &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch foo baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Modify foo -- rm should refuse' '
+	echo >>foo &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo baz &&
+	test -f foo &&
+	test -f baz &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch foo baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Modified foo -- rm -f should work' '
+	git rm -f foo baz &&
+	test ! -f foo &&
+	test ! -f baz &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Re-add foo and baz for HEAD tests' '
+	echo frotz >foo &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- baz &&
+	git add foo baz &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch foo baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'foo is different in index from HEAD -- rm should refuse' '
+	test_must_fail git rm foo baz &&
+	test -f foo &&
+	test -f baz &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch foo baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'but with -f it should work.' '
+	git rm -f foo baz &&
+	test ! -f foo &&
+	test ! -f baz &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refuse to remove cached empty file with modifications' '
+	>empty &&
+	git add empty &&
+	echo content >empty &&
+	test_must_fail git rm --cached empty
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove intent-to-add file without --force' '
+	echo content >intent-to-add &&
+	git add -N intent-to-add
+	git rm --cached intent-to-add
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Recursive test setup' '
+	mkdir -p frotz &&
+	echo qfwfq >frotz/nitfol &&
+	git add frotz &&
+	git commit -m "subdir test"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Recursive without -r fails' '
+	test_must_fail git rm frotz &&
+	test -d frotz &&
+	test -f frotz/nitfol
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Recursive with -r but dirty' '
+	echo qfwfq >>frotz/nitfol
+	test_must_fail git rm -r frotz &&
+	test -d frotz &&
+	test -f frotz/nitfol
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Recursive with -r -f' '
+	git rm -f -r frotz &&
+	! test -f frotz/nitfol &&
+	! test -d frotz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Remove nonexistent file returns nonzero exit status' '
+	test_must_fail git rm nonexistent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Call "rm" from outside the work tree' '
+	mkdir repo &&
+	(cd repo &&
+	 git init &&
+	 echo something > somefile &&
+	 git add somefile &&
+	 git commit -m "add a file" &&
+	 (cd .. &&
+	  git --git-dir=repo/.git --work-tree=repo rm somefile) &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch somefile)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refresh index before checking if it is up-to-date' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test-chmtime -86400 frotz/nitfol &&
+	git rm frotz/nitfol &&
+	test ! -f frotz/nitfol
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'choking "git rm" should not let it die with cruft' '
+	git reset -q --hard &&
+	H=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -lt 12000
+	do
+	    echo "100644 $H 0	some-file-$i"
+	    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
+	done | git update-index --index-info &&
+	git rm -n "some-file-*" | :;
+	test -f .git/index.lock
+	status=$?
+	rm -f .git/index.lock
+	git reset -q --hard
+	test "$status" != 0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3700-add.sh b/t/t3700-add.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..85eb0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3700-add.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Carl D. Worth
+#
+
+test_description='Test of git add, including the -- option.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test of git add' \
+    'touch foo && git add foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Post-check that foo is in the index' \
+    'git ls-files foo | grep foo'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Test that "git add -- -q" works' \
+    'touch -- -q && git add -- -q'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'git add: Test that executable bit is not used if core.filemode=0' \
+	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
+	 echo foo >xfoo1 &&
+	 chmod 755 xfoo1 &&
+	 git add xfoo1 &&
+	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
+	 100644" "*xfoo1) echo ok;;
+	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
+	 esac'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+	rm -f xfoo1 &&
+	ln -s foo xfoo1 &&
+	git add xfoo1 &&
+	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
+	120000" "*xfoo1) echo ok;;
+	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'git update-index --add: Test that executable bit is not used...' \
+	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
+	 echo foo >xfoo2 &&
+	 chmod 755 xfoo2 &&
+	 git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
+	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
+	 100644" "*xfoo2) echo ok;;
+	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
+	 esac'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+	rm -f xfoo2 &&
+	ln -s foo xfoo2 &&
+	git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
+	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
+	120000" "*xfoo2) echo ok;;
+	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+	'git update-index --add: Test that executable bit is not used...' \
+	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
+	 ln -s xfoo2 xfoo3 &&
+	 git update-index --add xfoo3 &&
+	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo3`" in
+	 120000" "*xfoo3) echo ok;;
+	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo3; (exit 1);;
+	 esac'
+
+test_expect_success '.gitignore test setup' '
+	echo "*.ig" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir c.if d.ig &&
+	>a.ig && >b.if &&
+	>c.if/c.if && >c.if/c.ig &&
+	>d.ig/d.if && >d.ig/d.ig
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.gitignore is honored' '
+	git add . &&
+	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error out when attempting to add ignored ones without -f' '
+	test_must_fail git add a.?? &&
+	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error out when attempting to add ignored ones without -f' '
+	test_must_fail git add d.?? &&
+	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add ignored ones with -f' '
+	git add -f a.?? &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch a.ig
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add ignored ones with -f' '
+	git add -f d.??/* &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch d.ig/d.if d.ig/d.ig
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add ignored ones with -f' '
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add -f d.?? &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch d.ig/d.if d.ig/d.ig
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.gitignore with subdirectory' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	mkdir -p sub/dir &&
+	echo "!dir/a.*" >sub/.gitignore &&
+	>sub/a.ig &&
+	>sub/dir/a.ig &&
+	git add sub/dir &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch sub/dir/a.ig &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git add .
+	) &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch sub/dir/a.ig
+'
+
+mkdir 1 1/2 1/3
+touch 1/2/a 1/3/b 1/2/c
+test_expect_success 'check correct prefix detection' '
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add 1/2/a 1/3/b 1/2/c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add with filemode=0, symlinks=0, and unmerged entries' '
+	for s in 1 2 3
+	do
+		echo $s > stage$s
+		echo "100755 $(git hash-object -w stage$s) $s	file"
+		echo "120000 $(printf $s | git hash-object -w -t blob --stdin) $s	symlink"
+	done | git update-index --index-info &&
+	git config core.filemode 0 &&
+	git config core.symlinks 0 &&
+	echo new > file &&
+	echo new > symlink &&
+	git add file symlink &&
+	git ls-files --stage | grep "^100755 .* 0	file$" &&
+	git ls-files --stage | grep "^120000 .* 0	symlink$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add with filemode=0, symlinks=0 prefers stage 2 over stage 1' '
+	git rm --cached -f file symlink &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $(git hash-object -w stage1) 1	file"
+		echo "100755 $(git hash-object -w stage2) 2	file"
+		echo "100644 $(printf 1 | git hash-object -w -t blob --stdin) 1	symlink"
+		echo "120000 $(printf 2 | git hash-object -w -t blob --stdin) 2	symlink"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	git config core.filemode 0 &&
+	git config core.symlinks 0 &&
+	echo new > file &&
+	echo new > symlink &&
+	git add file symlink &&
+	git ls-files --stage | grep "^100755 .* 0	file$" &&
+	git ls-files --stage | grep "^120000 .* 0	symlink$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add --refresh' '
+	>foo && git add foo && git commit -a -m "commit all" &&
+	test -z "`git diff-index HEAD -- foo`" &&
+	git read-tree HEAD &&
+	case "`git diff-index HEAD -- foo`" in
+	:100644" "*"M	foo") echo ok;;
+	*) echo fail; (exit 1);;
+	esac &&
+	git add --refresh -- foo &&
+	test -z "`git diff-index HEAD -- foo`"
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git add should fail atomically upon an unreadable file' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	date >foo1 &&
+	date >foo2 &&
+	chmod 0 foo2 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --verbose . &&
+	! ( git ls-files foo1 | grep foo1 )
+'
+
+rm -f foo2
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git add --ignore-errors' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	date >foo1 &&
+	date >foo2 &&
+	chmod 0 foo2 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --verbose --ignore-errors . &&
+	git ls-files foo1 | grep foo1
+'
+
+rm -f foo2
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git add (add.ignore-errors)' '
+	git config add.ignore-errors 1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	date >foo1 &&
+	date >foo2 &&
+	chmod 0 foo2 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --verbose . &&
+	git ls-files foo1 | grep foo1
+'
+rm -f foo2
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git add (add.ignore-errors = false)' '
+	git config add.ignore-errors 0 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	date >foo1 &&
+	date >foo2 &&
+	chmod 0 foo2 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --verbose . &&
+	! ( git ls-files foo1 | grep foo1 )
+'
+rm -f foo2
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM '--no-ignore-errors overrides config' '
+       git config add.ignore-errors 1 &&
+       git reset --hard &&
+       date >foo1 &&
+       date >foo2 &&
+       chmod 0 foo2 &&
+       test_must_fail git add --verbose --no-ignore-errors . &&
+       ! ( git ls-files foo1 | grep foo1 ) &&
+       git config add.ignore-errors 0
+'
+rm -f foo2
+
+test_expect_success BSLASHPSPEC "git add 'fo\\[ou\\]bar' ignores foobar" '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	touch fo\[ou\]bar foobar &&
+	git add '\''fo\[ou\]bar'\'' &&
+	git ls-files fo\[ou\]bar | fgrep fo\[ou\]bar &&
+	! ( git ls-files foobar | grep foobar )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add to resolve conflicts on otherwise ignored path' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse :1/2/a) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $H 1	track-this"
+		echo "100644 $H 3	track-this"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	echo track-this >>.gitignore &&
+	echo resolved >track-this &&
+	git add track-this
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b6eba6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='add -i basic tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping git add -i tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo lines >>file
+'
+test_expect_success 'status works (initial)' '
+	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
+	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
+'
+cat >expected <<EOF
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..d95f3ad
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
+	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
+	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
+	git add file &&
+	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
+	git ls-files >output &&
+	! grep . output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (commit)' '
+	echo baseline >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m commit &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo lines >>file
+'
+test_expect_success 'status works (commit)' '
+	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
+	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
+'
+cat >expected <<EOF
+index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ baseline
++content
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
+	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
+	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
+	git add file &&
+	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
+	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
+	grep "unchanged *+3/-0 file" output
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+EOF
+cat >fake_editor.sh <<EOF
+EOF
+chmod a+x fake_editor.sh
+test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
+test_expect_success 'dummy edit works' '
+	(echo e; echo a) | git add -p &&
+	git diff > diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+
+cat >patch <<EOF
+@@ -1,1 +1,4 @@
+ this
++patch
+-doesn't
+ apply
+EOF
+echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh
+cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF
+mv -f "$1" oldpatch &&
+mv -f patch "$1"
+EOF
+chmod a+x fake_editor.sh
+test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
+test_expect_success 'bad edit rejected' '
+	git reset &&
+	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
+	grep "hunk does not apply" output
+'
+
+cat >patch <<EOF
+this patch
+is garbage
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'garbage edit rejected' '
+	git reset &&
+	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
+	grep "hunk does not apply" output
+'
+
+cat >patch <<EOF
+@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+ baseline
++content
++newcontent
++lines
+EOF
+cat >expected <<EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+ baseline
+ content
+-newcontent
++more
+ lines
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'real edit works' '
+	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	test_cmp expected output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
+	git reset &&
+	echo file >.gitignore &&
+	echo changed >file &&
+	echo y | git add -p file &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	git reset &&
+	git commit -am commit &&
+	git diff >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected output &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+rm -f .gitignore
+
+if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
+then
+	say 'skipping filemode tests (filesystem does not properly support modes)'
+else
+	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	printf "n\\ny\\n" | git add -p &&
+	git show :file | grep content &&
+	git diff file | grep "new mode"
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	printf "y\\nn\\n" | git add -p &&
+	git diff --cached file | grep "new mode" &&
+	git diff          file | grep "+content"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	printf "y\\ny\\n" | git add -p &&
+	git diff --cached file | grep "new mode" &&
+	git diff --cached file | grep "+content" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff file)"
+'
+
+# end of tests disabled when filemode is not usable
+
+test_expect_success 'setup again' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_chmod +x file &&
+	echo content >>file
+'
+
+# Write the patch file with a new line at the top and bottom
+cat >patch <<EOF
+index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
++firstline
+ baseline
+ content
++lastline
+EOF
+# Expected output, similar to the patch but w/ diff at the top
+cat >expected <<EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index b6f2c08..61b9053 100755
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
++firstline
+ baseline
+ content
++lastline
+EOF
+# Test splitting the first patch, then adding both
+test_expect_success 'add first line works' '
+	git commit -am "clear local changes" &&
+	git apply patch &&
+	(echo s; echo y; echo y) | git add -p file &&
+	git diff --cached > diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+diff --git a/non-empty b/non-empty
+deleted file mode 100644
+index d95f3ad..0000000
+--- a/non-empty
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-content
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'deleting a non-empty file' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content >non-empty &&
+	git add non-empty &&
+	git commit -m non-empty &&
+	rm non-empty &&
+	echo y | git add -p non-empty &&
+	git diff --cached >diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+diff --git a/empty b/empty
+deleted file mode 100644
+index e69de29..0000000
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting an empty file' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	> empty &&
+	git add empty &&
+	git commit -m empty &&
+	rm empty &&
+	echo y | git add -p empty &&
+	git diff --cached >diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3702-add-edit.sh b/t/t3702-add-edit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4ee47cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3702-add-edit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='add -e basic tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+cat > file << EOF
+LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings
+of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped,
+we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
+Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
+from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore,
+awing the earls. Since erst he lay
+friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him:
+for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,
+till before him the folk, both far and near,
+who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate,
+gave him gifts:  a good king he!
+EOF
+
+cat > second-part << EOF
+To him an heir was afterward born,
+a son in his halls, whom heaven sent
+to favor the folk, feeling their woe
+that erst they had lacked an earl for leader
+so long a while; the Lord endowed him,
+the Wielder of Wonder, with world's renown.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial file
+
+'
+
+cat > expected-patch << EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index b9834b5..9020acb 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
+-LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings
+-of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped,
+-we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
+-Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
+-from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore,
+-awing the earls. Since erst he lay
+-friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him:
+-for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,
+-till before him the folk, both far and near,
+-who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate,
+-gave him gifts:  a good king he!
++To him an heir was afterward born,
++a son in his halls, whom heaven sent
++to favor the folk, feeling their woe
++that erst they had lacked an earl for leader
++so long a while; the Lord endowed him,
++the Wielder of Wonder, with world's renown.
+EOF
+
+cat > patch << EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index b9834b5..ef6e94c 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -3,1 +3,333 @@ of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped,
+ we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
++
+ Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
+@@ -2,7 +1,5 @@ awing the earls. Since erst he lay
+ friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him:
++
+ for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,
+EOF
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index b9834b5..ef6e94c 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+ LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings
+ of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped,
+ we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
++
+ Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
+ from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore,
+ awing the earls. Since erst he lay
+ friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him:
++
+ for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,
+ till before him the folk, both far and near,
+ who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate,
+EOF
+
+echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-editor.sh
+cat >> fake-editor.sh <<\EOF
+mv -f "$1" orig-patch &&
+mv -f patch "$1"
+EOF
+
+test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
+chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'add -e' '
+
+	cp second-part file &&
+	git add -e &&
+	test_cmp second-part file &&
+	test_cmp orig-patch expected-patch &&
+	git diff --cached > out &&
+	test_cmp out expected
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3800-mktag.sh b/t/t3800-mktag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6fb027b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3800-mktag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+#
+
+test_description='git mktag: tag object verify test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+###########################################################
+# check the tag.sig file, expecting verify_tag() to fail,
+# and checking that the error message matches the pattern
+# given in the expect.pat file.
+
+check_verify_failure () {
+	expect="$2"
+	test_expect_success "$1" '
+		( test_must_fail git mktag <tag.sig 2>message ) &&
+		grep "$expect" message
+	'
+}
+
+###########################################################
+# first create a commit, so we have a valid object/type
+# for the tag.
+echo Hello >A
+git update-index --add A
+git commit -m "Initial commit"
+head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+
+############################################################
+#  1. length check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+too short for a tag
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'Tag object length check' \
+	'^error: .*size wrong.*$'
+
+############################################################
+#  2. object line label check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+xxxxxx 139e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+type tag
+tag mytag
+tagger . <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"object" line label check' '^error: char0: .*"object "$'
+
+############################################################
+#  3. object line SHA1 check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object zz9e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+type tag
+tag mytag
+tagger . <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"object" line SHA1 check' '^error: char7: .*SHA1 hash$'
+
+############################################################
+#  4. type line label check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object 779e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+xxxx tag
+tag mytag
+tagger . <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"type" line label check' '^error: char47: .*"\\ntype "$'
+
+############################################################
+#  5. type line eol check
+
+echo "object 779e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895" >tag.sig
+printf "type tagsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss" >>tag.sig
+
+check_verify_failure '"type" line eol check' '^error: char48: .*"\\n"$'
+
+############################################################
+#  6. tag line label check #1
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object 779e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+type tag
+xxx mytag
+tagger . <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"tag" line label check #1' \
+	'^error: char57: no "tag " found$'
+
+############################################################
+#  7. tag line label check #2
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object 779e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+type taggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
+tag
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"tag" line label check #2' \
+	'^error: char87: no "tag " found$'
+
+############################################################
+#  8. type line type-name length check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object 779e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+type taggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
+tag mytag
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"type" line type-name length check' \
+	'^error: char53: type too long$'
+
+############################################################
+#  9. verify object (SHA1/type) check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object 779e9b33986b1c2670fff52c5067603117b3e895
+type tagggg
+tag mytag
+tagger . <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'verify object (SHA1/type) check' \
+	'^error: char7: could not verify object.*$'
+
+############################################################
+# 10. verify tag-name check
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag my	tag
+tagger . <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'verify tag-name check' \
+	'^error: char67: could not verify tag name$'
+
+############################################################
+# 11. tagger line label check #1
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+
+This is filler
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"tagger" line label check #1' \
+	'^error: char70: could not find "tagger "$'
+
+############################################################
+# 12. tagger line label check #2
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger
+
+This is filler
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure '"tagger" line label check #2' \
+	'^error: char70: could not find "tagger "$'
+
+############################################################
+# 13. disallow missing tag author name
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger  <> 0 +0000
+
+This is filler
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'disallow missing tag author name' \
+	'^error: char77: missing tagger name$'
+
+############################################################
+# 14. disallow missing tag author name
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <
+ > 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'disallow malformed tagger' \
+	'^error: char77: malformed tagger field$'
+
+############################################################
+# 15. allow empty tag email
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'allow empty tag email' \
+    'git mktag <tag.sig >.git/refs/tags/mytag 2>message'
+
+############################################################
+# 16. disallow spaces in tag email
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tag ger@example.com> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'disallow spaces in tag email' \
+	'^error: char77: malformed tagger field$'
+
+############################################################
+# 17. disallow missing tag timestamp
+
+tr '_' ' ' >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com>__
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'disallow missing tag timestamp' \
+	'^error: char107: missing tag timestamp$'
+
+############################################################
+# 18. detect invalid tag timestamp1
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> Tue Mar 25 15:47:44 2008
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'detect invalid tag timestamp1' \
+	'^error: char107: missing tag timestamp$'
+
+############################################################
+# 19. detect invalid tag timestamp2
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 2008-03-31T12:20:15-0500
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'detect invalid tag timestamp2' \
+	'^error: char111: malformed tag timestamp$'
+
+############################################################
+# 20. detect invalid tag timezone1
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1206478233 GMT
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'detect invalid tag timezone1' \
+	'^error: char118: malformed tag timezone$'
+
+############################################################
+# 21. detect invalid tag timezone2
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1206478233 +  30
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'detect invalid tag timezone2' \
+	'^error: char118: malformed tag timezone$'
+
+############################################################
+# 22. detect invalid tag timezone3
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1206478233 -1430
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'detect invalid tag timezone3' \
+	'^error: char118: malformed tag timezone$'
+
+############################################################
+# 23. detect invalid header entry
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1206478233 -0500
+this line should not be here
+
+EOF
+
+check_verify_failure 'detect invalid header entry' \
+	'^error: char124: trailing garbage in tag header$'
+
+############################################################
+# 24. create valid tag
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $head
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1206478233 -0500
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create valid tag' \
+    'git mktag <tag.sig >.git/refs/tags/mytag 2>message'
+
+############################################################
+# 25. check mytag
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'check mytag' \
+    'git tag -l | grep mytag'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..256c4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='commit and log output encodings'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+compare_with () {
+	git show -s $1 | sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e 's/^    //' >current &&
+	case "$3" in
+	'')
+		test_cmp "$2" current ;;
+	?*)
+		iconv -f "$3" -t UTF-8 >current.utf8 <current &&
+		iconv -f "$3" -t UTF-8 >expect.utf8 <"$2" &&
+		test_cmp expect.utf8 current.utf8
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	: >F &&
+	git add F &&
+	T=$(git write-tree) &&
+	C=$(git commit-tree $T <"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $C &&
+	git tag C0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no encoding header for base case' '
+	E=$(git cat-file commit C0 | sed -ne "s/^encoding //p") &&
+	test z = "z$E"
+'
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H setup" '
+		git config i18n.commitencoding $H &&
+		git checkout -b $H C0 &&
+		echo $H >F &&
+		git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/$H.txt
+	'
+done
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "check encoding header for $H" '
+		E=$(git cat-file commit '$H' | sed -ne "s/^encoding //p") &&
+		test "z$E" = "z'$H'"
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'config to remove customization' '
+	git config --unset-all i18n.commitencoding &&
+	if Z=$(git config --get-all i18n.commitencoding)
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		test z = "z$Z"
+	fi &&
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ISO8859-1 should be shown in UTF-8 now' '
+	compare_with ISO8859-1 "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt
+'
+
+for H in eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H should be shown in UTF-8 now" '
+		compare_with '$H' "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/2-UTF-8.txt
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'config to add customization' '
+	git config --unset-all i18n.commitencoding &&
+	if Z=$(git config --get-all i18n.commitencoding)
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		test z = "z$Z"
+	fi
+'
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H should be shown in itself now" '
+		git config i18n.commitencoding '$H' &&
+		compare_with '$H' "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/'$H'.txt
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'config to tweak customization' '
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ISO8859-1 should be shown in UTF-8 now' '
+	compare_with ISO8859-1 "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt
+'
+
+for H in eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H should be shown in UTF-8 now" '
+		compare_with '$H' "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/2-UTF-8.txt
+	'
+done
+
+for J in eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	if test "$J" = ISO-2022-JP
+	then
+		ICONV=$J
+	else
+		ICONV=
+	fi
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding $J
+	for H in eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+	do
+		test_expect_success "$H should be shown in $J now" '
+			compare_with '$H' "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/'$J'.txt $ICONV
+		'
+	done
+done
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "No conversion with $H" '
+		compare_with "--encoding=none '$H'" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/'$H'.txt
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt b/t/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee31e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ÄËÑÏÖ
+
+Ábçdèfg
diff --git a/t/t3900/2-UTF-8.txt b/t/t3900/2-UTF-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f4f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/2-UTF-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+はれひほふ
+
+しているのが、いるので。
+濱浜ほれぷりぽれまびぐりろへ。
diff --git a/t/t3900/ISO-2022-JP.txt b/t/t3900/ISO-2022-JP.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74b5330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/ISO-2022-JP.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+$B$O$l$R$[$U(B
+
+$B$7$F$$$k$N$,!"$$$k$N$G!#(B
+$B_@IM$[$l$W$j$]$l$^$S$0$j$m$X!#(B
diff --git a/t/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt b/t/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cbef0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ÄËÑÏÖ
+
+Ábçdèfg
diff --git a/t/t3900/eucJP.txt b/t/t3900/eucJP.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..546f2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/eucJP.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+¤Ï¤ì¤Ò¤Û¤Õ
+
+¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬¡¢¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡£
+ßÀÉͤۤì¤×¤ê¤Ý¤ì¤Þ¤Ó¤°¤ê¤í¤Ø¡£
diff --git a/t/t3901-8859-1.txt b/t/t3901-8859-1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..38c21a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3901-8859-1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+: to be sourced in t3901 -- this is latin-1
+GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Áéí óú" &&
+GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
diff --git a/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh b/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..31a5770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='i18n settings and format-patch | am pipe'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_encoding () {
+	# Make sure characters are not corrupted
+	cnt="$1" header="$2" i=1 j=0 bad=0
+	while test "$i" -le $cnt
+	do
+		git format-patch --encoding=UTF-8 --stdout HEAD~$i..HEAD~$j |
+		grep "^From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=81=C3=A9=C3=AD=20=C3=B3=C3=BA?=" &&
+		git cat-file commit HEAD~$j |
+		case "$header" in
+		8859)
+			grep "^encoding ISO8859-1" ;;
+		*)
+			grep "^encoding ISO8859-1"; test "$?" != 0 ;;
+		esac || {
+			bad=1
+			break
+		}
+		j=$i
+		i=$(($i+1))
+	done
+	(exit $bad)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+
+	# use UTF-8 in author and committer name to match the
+	# i18n.commitencoding settings
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" >mine &&
+	git add mine &&
+	git commit -s -m "Initial commit" &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo Hello world >mine &&
+	git add mine &&
+	git commit -s -m "Second on main" &&
+
+	# the first commit on the side branch is UTF-8
+	test_tick &&
+	git checkout -b side master^ &&
+	echo Another file >yours &&
+	git add yours &&
+	git commit -s -m "Second on side" &&
+
+	# the second one on the side branch is ISO-8859-1
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	# use author and committer name in ISO-8859-1 to match it.
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo Yet another >theirs &&
+	git add theirs &&
+	git commit -s -m "Third on side" &&
+
+	# Back to default
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch output (ISO-8859-1)' '
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+
+	git format-patch --stdout master..HEAD^ >out-l1 &&
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ >out-l2 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO8859-1" out-l1 &&
+	grep "^From: =?ISO8859-1?q?=C1=E9=ED=20=F3=FA?=" out-l1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO8859-1" out-l2 &&
+	grep "^From: =?ISO8859-1?q?=C1=E9=ED=20=F3=FA?=" out-l2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch output (UTF-8)' '
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+
+	git format-patch --stdout master..HEAD^ >out-u1 &&
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ >out-u2 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" out-u1 &&
+	grep "^From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=81=C3=A9=C3=AD=20=C3=B3=C3=BA?=" out-u1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" out-u2 &&
+	grep "^From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=81=C3=A9=C3=AD=20=C3=B3=C3=BA?=" out-u2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase (U/U)' '
+	# We want the result of rebase in UTF-8
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+
+	# The test is about logoutputencoding not affecting the
+	# final outcome -- it is used internally to generate the
+	# patch and the log.
+
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+
+	# The result will be committed by GIT_COMMITTER_NAME --
+	# we want UTF-8 encoded name.
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+	git checkout -b test &&
+	git rebase master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase (U/L)' '
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase (L/L)' '
+	# In this test we want ISO-8859-1 encoded commits as the result
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2 8859
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase (L/U)' '
+	# This is pathological -- use UTF-8 as intermediate form
+	# to get ISO-8859-1 results.
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2 8859
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(U/U)' '
+	# Both the commitencoding and logoutputencoding is set to UTF-8.
+
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git cherry-pick side^ &&
+	git cherry-pick side &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+
+	check_encoding 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(L/L)' '
+	# Both the commitencoding and logoutputencoding is set to ISO-8859-1
+
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git cherry-pick side^ &&
+	git cherry-pick side &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+
+	check_encoding 3 8859
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(U/L)' '
+	# Commitencoding is set to UTF-8 but logoutputencoding is ISO-8859-1
+
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git cherry-pick side^ &&
+	git cherry-pick side &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+
+	check_encoding 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(L/U)' '
+	# Again, the commitencoding is set to ISO-8859-1 but
+	# logoutputencoding is set to UTF-8.
+
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git cherry-pick side^ &&
+	git cherry-pick side &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+
+	check_encoding 3 8859
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --merge (U/U)' '
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase --merge master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --merge (U/L)' '
+	git config i18n.commitencoding UTF-8 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase --merge master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --merge (L/L)' '
+	# In this test we want ISO-8859-1 encoded commits as the result
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase --merge master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2 8859
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --merge (L/U)' '
+	# This is pathological -- use UTF-8 as intermediate form
+	# to get ISO-8859-1 results.
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding UTF-8 &&
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+
+	git reset --hard side &&
+	git rebase --merge master &&
+
+	check_encoding 2 8859
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3901-utf8.txt b/t/t3901-utf8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5f5205c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3901-utf8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+: to be sourced in t3901 -- this is utf8
+GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Áéí óú" &&
+GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
diff --git a/t/t3902-quoted.sh b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14da45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='quoted output'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+FN='濱野'
+GN='純'
+HT='	'
+LF='
+'
+DQ='"'
+
+echo foo 2>/dev/null > "Name and an${HT}HT"
+test -f "Name and an${HT}HT" || {
+	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames, test skipped.'
+	test_done
+}
+
+for_each_name () {
+	for name in \
+	    Name "Name and a${LF}LF" "Name and an${HT}HT" "Name${DQ}" \
+	    "$FN$HT$GN" "$FN$LF$GN" "$FN $GN" "$FN$GN" "$FN$DQ$GN" \
+	    "With SP in it" "caractère spécial/file"
+	do
+		eval "$1"
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	mkdir "caractère spécial" &&
+	for_each_name "echo initial >\"\$name\""
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -q -m Initial &&
+
+	for_each_name "echo second >\"\$name\"" &&
+	git commit -a -m Second
+
+	for_each_name "echo modified >\"\$name\""
+
+'
+
+cat >expect.quoted <<\EOF
+Name
+"Name and a\nLF"
+"Name and an\tHT"
+"Name\""
+With SP in it
+"caract\303\250re sp\303\251cial/file"
+"\346\277\261\351\207\216\t\347\264\224"
+"\346\277\261\351\207\216\n\347\264\224"
+"\346\277\261\351\207\216 \347\264\224"
+"\346\277\261\351\207\216\"\347\264\224"
+"\346\277\261\351\207\216\347\264\224"
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.raw <<\EOF
+Name
+"Name and a\nLF"
+"Name and an\tHT"
+"Name\""
+With SP in it
+caractère spécial/file
+"濱野\t純"
+"濱野\n純"
+濱野 純
+"濱野\"純"
+濱野純
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+
+	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.quoted current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+
+	git diff --name-only >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+
+	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting core.quotepath' '
+
+	git config --bool core.quotepath false
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+
+	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.raw current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+
+	git diff --name-only >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+
+	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5514f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test git stash'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'stash some dirty working directory' '
+	echo 1 > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo 2 > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo 3 > file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git stash &&
+	git diff-files --quiet &&
+	git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index 0cfbf08..00750ed 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-2
++3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'parents of stash' '
+	test $(git rev-parse stash^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git diff stash^2..stash > output &&
+	test_cmp output expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply needs clean working directory' '
+	echo 4 > other-file &&
+	git add other-file &&
+	echo 5 > other-file &&
+	test_must_fail git stash apply
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply stashed changes' '
+	git add other-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m other-file &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	test 3 = $(cat file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show :file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show HEAD:file)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply stashed changes (including index)' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo 6 > other-file &&
+	git add other-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m other-file &&
+	git stash apply --index &&
+	test 3 = $(cat file) &&
+	test 2 = $(git show :file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show HEAD:file)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstashing in a subdirectory' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	cd subdir &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'drop top stash' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git stash list > stashlist1 &&
+	echo 7 > file &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash drop &&
+	git stash list > stashlist2 &&
+	diff stashlist1 stashlist2 &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	test 3 = $(cat file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show :file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show HEAD:file)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'drop middle stash' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo 8 > file &&
+	git stash &&
+	echo 9 > file &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash drop stash@{1} &&
+	test 2 = $(git stash list | wc -l) &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	test 9 = $(cat file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show :file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show HEAD:file) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git stash drop &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	test 3 = $(cat file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show :file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show HEAD:file)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash pop' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git stash pop &&
+	test 3 = $(cat file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show :file) &&
+	test 1 = $(git show HEAD:file) &&
+	test 0 = $(git stash list | wc -l)
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..1fe912c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++bar2
+EOF
+
+cat > expect1 << EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index 257cc56..5716ca5 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-foo
++bar
+EOF
+
+cat > expect2 << EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index 7601807..5716ca5 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-baz
++bar
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..1fe912c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++bar2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'stash branch' '
+	echo foo > file &&
+	git commit file -m first
+	echo bar > file &&
+	echo bar2 > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git stash &&
+	echo baz > file &&
+	git commit file -m second &&
+	git stash branch stashbranch &&
+	test refs/heads/stashbranch = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse master^) &&
+	git diff --cached > output &&
+	test_cmp output expect &&
+	git diff > output &&
+	test_cmp output expect1 &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m alternate\ second &&
+	git diff master..stashbranch > output &&
+	test_cmp output expect2 &&
+	test 0 = $(git stash list | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -q is quiet' '
+	echo foo > file &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash apply -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	test ! -s output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'save -q is quiet' '
+	git stash save --quiet > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	test ! -s output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pop -q is quiet' '
+	git stash pop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	test ! -s output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'drop -q is quiet' '
+	git stash &&
+	git stash drop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	test ! -s output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash -k' '
+	echo bar3 > file &&
+	echo bar4 > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git stash -k &&
+	test bar,bar4 = $(cat file),$(cat file2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash --invalid-option' '
+	echo bar5 > file &&
+	echo bar6 > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git stash --invalid-option &&
+	test_must_fail git stash save --invalid-option &&
+	test bar5,bar6 = $(cat file),$(cat file2) &&
+	git stash -- -message-starting-with-dash &&
+	test bar,bar2 = $(cat file),$(cat file2)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh b/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f37e3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3904-stash-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git checkout --patch'
+. ./lib-patch-mode.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir dir &&
+	echo parent > dir/foo &&
+	echo dummy > bar &&
+	git add bar dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_commit second dir/foo head &&
+	echo index > dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	set_and_save_state bar bar_work bar_index &&
+	save_head
+'
+
+# note: bar sorts before dir, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'saying "n" does nothing' '
+	set_state dir/foo work index
+	(echo n; echo n) | test_must_fail git stash save -p &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work index &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git stash -p' '
+	(echo n; echo y) | git stash save -p &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head index &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
+	verify_state bar dummy dummy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git stash -p --no-keep-index' '
+	set_state dir/foo work index &&
+	set_state bar bar_work bar_index &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git stash save -p --no-keep-index &&
+	verify_state dir/foo head head &&
+	verify_state bar bar_work dummy &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git stash apply --index &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work index &&
+	verify_state bar dummy bar_index
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'none of this moved HEAD' '
+	verify_saved_head
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6ddd469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Test built-in diff output engine.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
+
+echo >path0 'Line 1
+Line 2
+line 3'
+cat path0 >path1
+chmod +x path1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' \
+    'git update-index --add path0 path1'
+
+mv path0 path0-
+sed -e 's/line/Line/' <path0- >path0
+chmod +x path0
+rm -f path1
+test_expect_success \
+    'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' \
+    'git diff-files -p >current'
+
+# that's as far as it comes
+if [ "$(git config --get core.filemode)" = false ]
+then
+	say 'filemode disabled on the filesystem'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/path0 b/path0
+old mode 100644
+new mode 100755
+--- a/path0
++++ b/path0
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ Line 1
+ Line 2
+-line 3
++Line 3
+diff --git a/path1 b/path1
+deleted file mode 100755
+--- a/path1
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-Line 1
+-Line 2
+-line 3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate git diff-files -p output.' \
+    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..71bac83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Test rename detection in diff engine.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
+
+echo >path0 'Line 1
+Line 2
+Line 3
+Line 4
+Line 5
+Line 6
+Line 7
+Line 8
+Line 9
+Line 10
+line 11
+Line 12
+Line 13
+Line 14
+Line 15
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'update-index --add a file.' \
+    'git update-index --add path0'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'write that tree.' \
+    'tree=$(git write-tree) && echo $tree'
+
+sed -e 's/line/Line/' <path0 >path1
+rm -f path0
+test_expect_success \
+    'renamed and edited the file.' \
+    'git update-index --add --remove path0 path1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git diff-index -p -M after rename and editing.' \
+    'git diff-index -p -M $tree >current'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/path0 b/path1
+rename from path0
+rename to path1
+--- a/path0
++++ b/path1
+@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Line 7
+ Line 8
+ Line 9
+ Line 10
+-line 11
++Line 11
+ Line 12
+ Line 13
+ Line 14
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate the output.' \
+    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_expect_success 'favour same basenames over different ones' '
+	cp path1 another-path &&
+	git add another-path &&
+	git commit -m 1 &&
+	git rm path1 &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	git mv another-path subdir/path1 &&
+	git status | grep "renamed: .*path1 -> subdir/path1"'
+
+test_expect_success  'favour same basenames even with minor differences' '
+	git show HEAD:path1 | sed "s/15/16/" > subdir/path1 &&
+	git status | grep "renamed: .*path1 -> subdir/path1"'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh b/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..18695ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Test diff raw-output.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-read-tree-m-3way.sh
+
+cat >.test-plain-OA <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ccba72ad3888a3520b39efcf780b9ee64167535d A	AA
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7e426fb079479fd67f6d81f984e4ec649a44bc25 A	AN
+:100644 000000 bcc68ef997017466d5c9094bcf7692295f588c9a 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DD
+:000000 040000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6d50f65d3bdab91c63444294d38f08aeff328e42 A	DF
+:100644 000000 141c1f1642328e4bc46a7d801a71da392e66791e 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DM
+:100644 000000 35abde1506ddf806572ff4d407bd06885d0f8ee9 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1d41122ebdd7a640f29d3c9cc4f9d70094374762 A	LL
+:100644 100644 03f24c8c4700babccfd28b654e7e8eac402ad6cd 103d9f89b50b9aad03054b579be5e7aa665f2d57 M	MD
+:100644 100644 b258508afb7ceb449981bd9d63d2d3e971bf8d34 b431b272d829ff3aa4d1a5085f4394ab4d3305b6 M	MM
+:100644 100644 bd084b0c27c7b6cc34f11d6d0509a29be3caf970 a716d58de4a570e0038f5c307bd8db34daea021f M	MN
+:100644 100644 40c959f984c8b89a2b02520d17f00d717f024397 2ac547ae9614a00d1b28275de608131f7a0e259f M	SS
+:100644 100644 4ac13458899ab908ef3b1128fa378daefc88d356 4c86f9a85fbc5e6804ee2e17a797538fbe785bca M	TT
+:040000 040000 7d670fdcdb9929f6c7dac196ff78689cd1c566a1 5e5f22072bb39f6e12cf663a57cb634c76eefb49 M	Z
+EOF
+
+cat >.test-recursive-OA <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ccba72ad3888a3520b39efcf780b9ee64167535d A	AA
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7e426fb079479fd67f6d81f984e4ec649a44bc25 A	AN
+:100644 000000 bcc68ef997017466d5c9094bcf7692295f588c9a 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DD
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 68a6d8b91da11045cf4aa3a5ab9f2a781c701249 A	DF/DF
+:100644 000000 141c1f1642328e4bc46a7d801a71da392e66791e 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DM
+:100644 000000 35abde1506ddf806572ff4d407bd06885d0f8ee9 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1d41122ebdd7a640f29d3c9cc4f9d70094374762 A	LL
+:100644 100644 03f24c8c4700babccfd28b654e7e8eac402ad6cd 103d9f89b50b9aad03054b579be5e7aa665f2d57 M	MD
+:100644 100644 b258508afb7ceb449981bd9d63d2d3e971bf8d34 b431b272d829ff3aa4d1a5085f4394ab4d3305b6 M	MM
+:100644 100644 bd084b0c27c7b6cc34f11d6d0509a29be3caf970 a716d58de4a570e0038f5c307bd8db34daea021f M	MN
+:100644 100644 40c959f984c8b89a2b02520d17f00d717f024397 2ac547ae9614a00d1b28275de608131f7a0e259f M	SS
+:100644 100644 4ac13458899ab908ef3b1128fa378daefc88d356 4c86f9a85fbc5e6804ee2e17a797538fbe785bca M	TT
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 8acb8e9750e3f644bf323fcf3d338849db106c77 A	Z/AA
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 087494262084cefee7ed484d20c8dc0580791272 A	Z/AN
+:100644 000000 879007efae624d2b1307214b24a956f0a8d686a8 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/DD
+:100644 000000 9b541b2275c06e3a7b13f28badf5294e2ae63df4 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/DM
+:100644 000000 beb5d38c55283d280685ea21a0e50cfcc0ca064a 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/DN
+:100644 100644 d41fda41b7ec4de46b43cb7ea42a45001ae393d5 a79ac3be9377639e1c7d1edf1ae1b3a5f0ccd8a9 M	Z/MD
+:100644 100644 4ca22bae2527d3d9e1676498a0fba3b355bd1278 61422ba9c2c873416061a88cd40a59a35b576474 M	Z/MM
+:100644 100644 b16d7b25b869f2beb124efa53467d8a1550ad694 a5c544c21cfcb07eb80a4d89a5b7d1570002edfd M	Z/MN
+EOF
+cat >.test-plain-OB <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6aa2b5335b16431a0ef71e5c0a28be69183cf6a2 A	AA
+:100644 000000 bcc68ef997017466d5c9094bcf7692295f588c9a 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DD
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 71420ab81e254145d26d6fc0cddee64c1acd4787 A	DF
+:100644 100644 141c1f1642328e4bc46a7d801a71da392e66791e 3c4d8de5fbad08572bab8e10eef8dbb264cf0231 M	DM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1d41122ebdd7a640f29d3c9cc4f9d70094374762 A	LL
+:100644 000000 03f24c8c4700babccfd28b654e7e8eac402ad6cd 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	MD
+:100644 100644 b258508afb7ceb449981bd9d63d2d3e971bf8d34 19989d4559aae417fedee240ccf2ba315ea4dc2b M	MM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15885881ea69115351c09b38371f0348a3fb8c67 A	NA
+:100644 000000 a4e179e4291e5536a5e1c82e091052772d2c5a93 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	ND
+:100644 100644 c8f25781e8f1792e3e40b74225e20553041b5226 cdb9a8c3da571502ac30225e9c17beccb8387983 M	NM
+:100644 100644 40c959f984c8b89a2b02520d17f00d717f024397 2ac547ae9614a00d1b28275de608131f7a0e259f M	SS
+:100644 100644 4ac13458899ab908ef3b1128fa378daefc88d356 c4e4a12231b9fa79a0053cb6077fcb21bb5b135a M	TT
+:040000 040000 7d670fdcdb9929f6c7dac196ff78689cd1c566a1 1ba523955d5160681af65cb776411f574c1e8155 M	Z
+EOF
+cat >.test-recursive-OB <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6aa2b5335b16431a0ef71e5c0a28be69183cf6a2 A	AA
+:100644 000000 bcc68ef997017466d5c9094bcf7692295f588c9a 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DD
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 71420ab81e254145d26d6fc0cddee64c1acd4787 A	DF
+:100644 100644 141c1f1642328e4bc46a7d801a71da392e66791e 3c4d8de5fbad08572bab8e10eef8dbb264cf0231 M	DM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1d41122ebdd7a640f29d3c9cc4f9d70094374762 A	LL
+:100644 000000 03f24c8c4700babccfd28b654e7e8eac402ad6cd 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	MD
+:100644 100644 b258508afb7ceb449981bd9d63d2d3e971bf8d34 19989d4559aae417fedee240ccf2ba315ea4dc2b M	MM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15885881ea69115351c09b38371f0348a3fb8c67 A	NA
+:100644 000000 a4e179e4291e5536a5e1c82e091052772d2c5a93 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	ND
+:100644 100644 c8f25781e8f1792e3e40b74225e20553041b5226 cdb9a8c3da571502ac30225e9c17beccb8387983 M	NM
+:100644 100644 40c959f984c8b89a2b02520d17f00d717f024397 2ac547ae9614a00d1b28275de608131f7a0e259f M	SS
+:100644 100644 4ac13458899ab908ef3b1128fa378daefc88d356 c4e4a12231b9fa79a0053cb6077fcb21bb5b135a M	TT
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6c0b99286d0bce551ac4a7b3dff8b706edff3715 A	Z/AA
+:100644 000000 879007efae624d2b1307214b24a956f0a8d686a8 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/DD
+:100644 100644 9b541b2275c06e3a7b13f28badf5294e2ae63df4 d77371d15817fcaa57eeec27f770c505ba974ec1 M	Z/DM
+:100644 000000 d41fda41b7ec4de46b43cb7ea42a45001ae393d5 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/MD
+:100644 100644 4ca22bae2527d3d9e1676498a0fba3b355bd1278 697aad7715a1e7306ca76290a3dd4208fbaeddfa M	Z/MM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 d12979c22fff69c59ca9409e7a8fe3ee25eaee80 A	Z/NA
+:100644 000000 a18393c636b98e9bd7296b8b437ea4992b72440c 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/ND
+:100644 100644 3fdbe17fd013303a2e981e1ca1c6cd6e72789087 7e09d6a3a14bd630913e8c75693cea32157b606d M	Z/NM
+EOF
+cat >.test-plain-AB <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 ccba72ad3888a3520b39efcf780b9ee64167535d 6aa2b5335b16431a0ef71e5c0a28be69183cf6a2 M	AA
+:100644 000000 7e426fb079479fd67f6d81f984e4ec649a44bc25 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	AN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 71420ab81e254145d26d6fc0cddee64c1acd4787 A	DF
+:040000 000000 6d50f65d3bdab91c63444294d38f08aeff328e42 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3c4d8de5fbad08572bab8e10eef8dbb264cf0231 A	DM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35abde1506ddf806572ff4d407bd06885d0f8ee9 A	DN
+:100644 000000 103d9f89b50b9aad03054b579be5e7aa665f2d57 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	MD
+:100644 100644 b431b272d829ff3aa4d1a5085f4394ab4d3305b6 19989d4559aae417fedee240ccf2ba315ea4dc2b M	MM
+:100644 100644 a716d58de4a570e0038f5c307bd8db34daea021f bd084b0c27c7b6cc34f11d6d0509a29be3caf970 M	MN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15885881ea69115351c09b38371f0348a3fb8c67 A	NA
+:100644 000000 a4e179e4291e5536a5e1c82e091052772d2c5a93 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	ND
+:100644 100644 c8f25781e8f1792e3e40b74225e20553041b5226 cdb9a8c3da571502ac30225e9c17beccb8387983 M	NM
+:100644 100644 4c86f9a85fbc5e6804ee2e17a797538fbe785bca c4e4a12231b9fa79a0053cb6077fcb21bb5b135a M	TT
+:040000 040000 5e5f22072bb39f6e12cf663a57cb634c76eefb49 1ba523955d5160681af65cb776411f574c1e8155 M	Z
+EOF
+cat >.test-recursive-AB <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 ccba72ad3888a3520b39efcf780b9ee64167535d 6aa2b5335b16431a0ef71e5c0a28be69183cf6a2 M	AA
+:100644 000000 7e426fb079479fd67f6d81f984e4ec649a44bc25 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	AN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 71420ab81e254145d26d6fc0cddee64c1acd4787 A	DF
+:100644 000000 68a6d8b91da11045cf4aa3a5ab9f2a781c701249 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	DF/DF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3c4d8de5fbad08572bab8e10eef8dbb264cf0231 A	DM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35abde1506ddf806572ff4d407bd06885d0f8ee9 A	DN
+:100644 000000 103d9f89b50b9aad03054b579be5e7aa665f2d57 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	MD
+:100644 100644 b431b272d829ff3aa4d1a5085f4394ab4d3305b6 19989d4559aae417fedee240ccf2ba315ea4dc2b M	MM
+:100644 100644 a716d58de4a570e0038f5c307bd8db34daea021f bd084b0c27c7b6cc34f11d6d0509a29be3caf970 M	MN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15885881ea69115351c09b38371f0348a3fb8c67 A	NA
+:100644 000000 a4e179e4291e5536a5e1c82e091052772d2c5a93 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	ND
+:100644 100644 c8f25781e8f1792e3e40b74225e20553041b5226 cdb9a8c3da571502ac30225e9c17beccb8387983 M	NM
+:100644 100644 4c86f9a85fbc5e6804ee2e17a797538fbe785bca c4e4a12231b9fa79a0053cb6077fcb21bb5b135a M	TT
+:100644 100644 8acb8e9750e3f644bf323fcf3d338849db106c77 6c0b99286d0bce551ac4a7b3dff8b706edff3715 M	Z/AA
+:100644 000000 087494262084cefee7ed484d20c8dc0580791272 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/AN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 d77371d15817fcaa57eeec27f770c505ba974ec1 A	Z/DM
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 beb5d38c55283d280685ea21a0e50cfcc0ca064a A	Z/DN
+:100644 000000 a79ac3be9377639e1c7d1edf1ae1b3a5f0ccd8a9 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/MD
+:100644 100644 61422ba9c2c873416061a88cd40a59a35b576474 697aad7715a1e7306ca76290a3dd4208fbaeddfa M	Z/MM
+:100644 100644 a5c544c21cfcb07eb80a4d89a5b7d1570002edfd b16d7b25b869f2beb124efa53467d8a1550ad694 M	Z/MN
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 d12979c22fff69c59ca9409e7a8fe3ee25eaee80 A	Z/NA
+:100644 000000 a18393c636b98e9bd7296b8b437ea4992b72440c 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	Z/ND
+:100644 100644 3fdbe17fd013303a2e981e1ca1c6cd6e72789087 7e09d6a3a14bd630913e8c75693cea32157b606d M	Z/NM
+EOF
+
+x40='[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'
+x40="$x40$x40$x40$x40$x40$x40$x40$x40"
+z40='0000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
+cmp_diff_files_output () {
+    # diff-files never reports additions.  Also it does not fill in the
+    # object ID for the changed files because it wants you to look at the
+    # filesystem.
+    sed <"$2" >.test-tmp \
+	-e '/^:000000 /d;s/'$x40'\( [MCRNDU][0-9]*\)	/'$z40'\1	/' &&
+    diff "$1" .test-tmp
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree of known trees.' \
+    'git diff-tree $tree_O $tree_A >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-plain-OA'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree of known trees.' \
+    'git diff-tree -r $tree_O $tree_A >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-OA'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree of known trees.' \
+    'git diff-tree $tree_O $tree_B >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-plain-OB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree of known trees.' \
+    'git diff-tree -r $tree_O $tree_B >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-OB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree of known trees.' \
+    'git diff-tree $tree_A $tree_B >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-plain-AB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree of known trees.' \
+    'git diff-tree -r $tree_A $tree_B >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-AB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree --stdin of known trees.' \
+    'echo $tree_A $tree_B | git diff-tree --stdin > .test-a &&
+     echo $tree_A $tree_B > .test-plain-ABx &&
+     cat .test-plain-AB >> .test-plain-ABx &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-plain-ABx'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree --stdin of known trees.' \
+    'echo $tree_A $tree_B | git diff-tree -r --stdin > .test-a &&
+     echo $tree_A $tree_B > .test-recursive-ABx &&
+     cat .test-recursive-AB >> .test-recursive-ABx &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-ABx'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-cache O with A in cache' \
+    'git read-tree $tree_A &&
+     git diff-index --cached $tree_O >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-OA'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-cache O with B in cache' \
+    'git read-tree $tree_B &&
+     git diff-index --cached $tree_O >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-OB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-cache A with B in cache' \
+    'git read-tree $tree_B &&
+     git diff-index --cached $tree_A >.test-a &&
+     cmp -s .test-a .test-recursive-AB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-files with O in cache and A checked out' \
+    'rm -fr Z [A-Z][A-Z] &&
+     git read-tree $tree_A &&
+     git checkout-index -f -a &&
+     git read-tree --reset $tree_O || return 1
+     git update-index --refresh >/dev/null ;# this can exit non-zero
+     git diff-files >.test-a &&
+     cmp_diff_files_output .test-a .test-recursive-OA'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-files with O in cache and B checked out' \
+    'rm -fr Z [A-Z][A-Z] &&
+     git read-tree $tree_B &&
+     git checkout-index -f -a &&
+     git read-tree --reset $tree_O || return 1
+     git update-index --refresh >/dev/null ;# this can exit non-zero
+     git diff-files >.test-a &&
+     cmp_diff_files_output .test-a .test-recursive-OB'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-files with A in cache and B checked out' \
+    'rm -fr Z [A-Z][A-Z] &&
+     git read-tree $tree_B &&
+     git checkout-index -f -a &&
+     git read-tree --reset $tree_A || return 1
+     git update-index --refresh >/dev/null ;# this can exit non-zero
+     git diff-files >.test-a &&
+     cmp_diff_files_output .test-a .test-recursive-AB'
+
+################################################################
+# Now we have established the baseline, we do not have to
+# rely on individual object ID values that much.
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree O A == diff-tree -R A O' \
+    'git diff-tree $tree_O $tree_A >.test-a &&
+    git diff-tree -R $tree_A $tree_O >.test-b &&
+    cmp -s .test-a .test-b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree -r O A == diff-tree -r -R A O' \
+    'git diff-tree -r $tree_O $tree_A >.test-a &&
+    git diff-tree -r -R $tree_A $tree_O >.test-b &&
+    cmp -s .test-a .test-b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree B A == diff-tree -R A B' \
+    'git diff-tree $tree_B $tree_A >.test-a &&
+    git diff-tree -R $tree_A $tree_B >.test-b &&
+    cmp -s .test-a .test-b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff-tree -r B A == diff-tree -r -R A B' \
+    'git diff-tree -r $tree_B $tree_A >.test-a &&
+    git diff-tree -r -R $tree_A $tree_B >.test-b &&
+    cmp -s .test-a .test-b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff can read from stdin' \
+    'test_must_fail git diff --no-index -- MN - < NN |
+        grep -v "^index" | sed "s#/-#/NN#" >.test-a &&
+    test_must_fail git diff --no-index -- MN NN |
+        grep -v "^index" >.test-b &&
+    test_cmp .test-a .test-b'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh b/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c6130c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='More rename detection
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+     echo frotz >rezrov &&
+    git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
+    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    echo $tree'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree' \
+    'sed -e 's/HOWEVER/However/' <COPYING >COPYING.1 &&
+    sed -e 's/GPL/G.P.L/g' <COPYING >COPYING.2 &&
+    rm -f COPYING &&
+    git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.?'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING.1 and COPYING.2,
+# both are slightly edited, and unchanged rezrov.  So we say you
+# copy-and-edit one, and rename-and-edit the other.  We do not say
+# anything about rezrov.
+
+GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING.1
+copy from COPYING
+copy to COPYING.1
+--- a/COPYING
++++ b/COPYING.1
+@@ -6 +6 @@
+- HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
++ However, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
+diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING.2
+rename from COPYING
+rename to COPYING.2
+--- a/COPYING
++++ b/COPYING.2
+@@ -2 +2 @@
+- Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
++ Note that the only valid version of the G.P.L as far as this project
+@@ -6 +6 @@
+- HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
++ HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to G.P.Lv3 if that seems like
+@@ -12 +12 @@
+-	This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
++	This file is licensed under the G.P.L v2, or a later version
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#1)' \
+    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree again' \
+    'mv COPYING.2 COPYING &&
+     git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1 COPYING.2'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING and COPYING.1,
+# both are slightly edited, and unchanged rezrov.  So we say you
+# edited one, and copy-and-edit the other.  We do not say
+# anything about rezrov.
+
+GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -C -p $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
+--- a/COPYING
++++ b/COPYING
+@@ -2 +2 @@
+- Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
++ Note that the only valid version of the G.P.L as far as this project
+@@ -6 +6 @@
+- HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
++ HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to G.P.Lv3 if that seems like
+@@ -12 +12 @@
+-	This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
++	This file is licensed under the G.P.L v2, or a later version
+diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING.1
+copy from COPYING
+copy to COPYING.1
+--- a/COPYING
++++ b/COPYING.1
+@@ -6 +6 @@
+- HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
++ However, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#2)' \
+    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree once again' \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+     git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING and COPYING.1,
+# but COPYING is not edited.  We say you copy-and-edit COPYING.1; this
+# is only possible because -C mode now reports the unmodified file to
+# the diff-core.  Unchanged rezrov, although being fed to
+# git diff-index as well, should not be mentioned.
+
+GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 \
+    git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder -p $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING.1
+copy from COPYING
+copy to COPYING.1
+--- a/COPYING
++++ b/COPYING.1
+@@ -6 +6 @@
+- HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
++ However, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#3)' \
+    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4004-diff-rename-symlink.sh b/t/t4004-diff-rename-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a4da119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4004-diff-rename-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='More rename detection tests.
+
+The rename detection logic should be able to detect pure rename or
+copy of symbolic links, but should not produce rename/copy followed
+by an edit for them.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'echo xyzzy | tr -d '\\\\'012 >yomin &&
+     ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
+    git update-index --add frotz yomin &&
+    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    echo $tree'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree' \
+    'mv frotz rezrov &&
+     rm -f yomin &&
+     ln -s xyzzy nitfol &&
+     ln -s xzzzy bozbar &&
+    git update-index --add --remove frotz rezrov nitfol bozbar yomin'
+
+# tree has frotz pointing at xyzzy, and yomin that contains xyzzy to
+# confuse things.  work tree has rezrov (xyzzy) nitfol (xyzzy) and
+# bozbar (xzzzy).
+# rezrov and nitfol are rename/copy of frotz and bozbar should be
+# a new creation.
+
+GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+diff --git a/bozbar b/bozbar
+new file mode 120000
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/bozbar
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++xzzzy
+\ No newline at end of file
+diff --git a/frotz b/nitfol
+similarity index 100%
+copy from frotz
+copy to nitfol
+diff --git a/frotz b/rezrov
+similarity index 100%
+rename from frotz
+rename to rezrov
+diff --git a/yomin b/yomin
+deleted file mode 100644
+--- a/yomin
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-xyzzy
+\ No newline at end of file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate diff output' \
+    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1ba359d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Same rename detection as t4003 but testing diff-raw.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+     echo frotz >rezrov &&
+    git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
+    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    echo $tree'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree' \
+    'sed -e 's/HOWEVER/However/' <COPYING >COPYING.1 &&
+    sed -e 's/GPL/G.P.L/g' <COPYING >COPYING.2 &&
+    rm -f COPYING &&
+    git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.?'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING.1 and COPYING.2,
+# both are slightly edited, and unchanged rezrov.  We say COPYING.1
+# and COPYING.2 are based on COPYING, and do not say anything about
+# rezrov.
+
+git diff-index -M $tree >current
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0603b3238a076dc6c8022aedc6648fa523a17178 C1234	COPYING	COPYING.1
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 06c67961bbaed34a127f76d261f4c0bf73eda471 R1234	COPYING	COPYING.2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#1)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+################################################################
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree again' \
+    'mv COPYING.2 COPYING &&
+     git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1 COPYING.2'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING and COPYING.1,
+# both are slightly edited, and unchanged rezrov.  We say COPYING.1
+# is based on COPYING and COPYING is still there, and do not say anything
+# about rezrov.
+
+git diff-index -C $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 06c67961bbaed34a127f76d261f4c0bf73eda471 M	COPYING
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0603b3238a076dc6c8022aedc6648fa523a17178 C1234	COPYING	COPYING.1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#2)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+################################################################
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has the same COPYING and
+# copy-edited COPYING.1, and unchanged rezrov.  We should not say
+# anything about rezrov nor COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
+# nows how to say Copy.
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree once again' \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+     git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
+
+git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0603b3238a076dc6c8022aedc6648fa523a17178 C1234	COPYING	COPYING.1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#3)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ff8c2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Test mode change diffs.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'echo frotz >rezrov &&
+     git update-index --add rezrov &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $tree'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'chmod' \
+    'test_chmod +x rezrov &&
+     git diff-index $tree >current'
+
+sed -e 's/\(:100644 100755\) \('"$_x40"'\) \2 /\1 X X /' <current >check
+echo ":100644 100755 X X M	rezrov" >expected
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify' \
+    'test_cmp expected check'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4007-rename-3.sh b/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..11502b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Rename interaction with pathspec.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare reference tree' '
+	mkdir path0 path1 &&
+	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path0/COPYING &&
+	git update-index --add path0/COPYING &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	echo $tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare work tree' '
+	cp path0/COPYING path1/COPYING &&
+	git update-index --add --remove path0/COPYING path1/COPYING
+'
+
+# In the tree, there is only path0/COPYING.  In the cache, path0 and
+# path1 both have COPYING and the latter is a copy of path0/COPYING.
+# Comparing the full tree with cache should tell us so.
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 C100	path0/COPYING	path1/COPYING
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'copy detection' '
+	git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_raw current expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copy detection, cached' '
+	git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder --cached $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_raw current expected
+'
+
+# In the tree, there is only path0/COPYING.  In the cache, path0 and
+# path1 both have COPYING and the latter is a copy of path0/COPYING.
+# However when we say we care only about path1, we should just see
+# path1/COPYING suddenly appearing from nowhere, not detected as
+# a copy from path0/COPYING.
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 A	path1/COPYING
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'copy, limited to a subtree' '
+	git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree path1 >current &&
+	compare_diff_raw current expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tweak work tree' '
+	rm -f path0/COPYING &&
+	git update-index --remove path0/COPYING
+'
+# In the tree, there is only path0/COPYING.  In the cache, path0 does
+# not have COPYING anymore and path1 has COPYING which is a copy of
+# path0/COPYING.  Showing the full tree with cache should tell us about
+# the rename.
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 R100	path0/COPYING	path1/COPYING
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rename detection' '
+	git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_raw current expected
+'
+
+# In the tree, there is only path0/COPYING.  In the cache, path0 does
+# not have COPYING anymore and path1 has COPYING which is a copy of
+# path0/COPYING.  When we say we care only about path1, we should just
+# see path1/COPYING appearing from nowhere.
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 A	path1/COPYING
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rename, limited to a subtree' '
+	git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree path1 >current &&
+	compare_diff_raw current expected
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e19ca65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Break and then rename
+
+We have two very different files, file0 and file1, registered in a tree.
+
+We update file1 so drastically that it is more similar to file0, and
+then remove file0.  With -B, changes to file1 should be broken into
+separate delete and create, resulting in removal of file0, removal of
+original file1 and creation of completely rewritten file1.
+
+Further, with -B and -M together, these three modifications should
+turn into rename-edit of file0 into file1.
+
+Starting from the same two files in the tree, we swap file0 and file1.
+With -B, this should be detected as two complete rewrites, resulting in
+four changes in total.
+
+Further, with -B and -M together, these should turn into two renames.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+test_expect_success \
+    setup \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../README >file0 &&
+     cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >file1 &&
+    git update-index --add file0 file1 &&
+    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    echo "$tree"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'change file1 with copy-edit of file0 and remove file0' \
+    'sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
+     rm -f file0 &&
+    git update-index --remove file0 file1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B' \
+    'git diff-index -B --cached "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 11e331465a89c394dc25c780de230043750c1ec8 M100	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate result of -B (#1)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B and -M' \
+    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c R100	file0	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate result of -B -M (#2)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'swap file0 and file1' \
+    'rm -f file0 file1 &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree &&
+     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+     mv file0 tmp &&
+     mv file1 file0 &&
+     mv tmp file1 &&
+     git update-index file0 file1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B' \
+    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 M100	file0
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate result of -B (#3)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B and -M' \
+    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 R100	file1	file0
+:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R100	file0	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate result of -B -M (#4)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'make file0 into something completely different' \
+    'rm -f file0 &&
+     ln -s frotz file0 &&
+     git update-index file0 file1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B' \
+    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'validate result of -B (#5)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B -M' \
+    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
+
+# file0 changed from regular to symlink.  file1 is very close to the preimage of file0.
+# because we break file0, file1 can become a rename of it.
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R	file0	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'validate result of -B -M (#6)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -M' \
+    'git diff-index -M "$tree" >current'
+
+# This should not mistake file0 as the copy source of new file1
+# due to type differences.
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M	file1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+    'validate result of -M (#7)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'file1 edited to look like file0 and file0 rename-edited to file2' \
+    'rm -f file0 file1 &&
+     git read-tree -m $tree &&
+     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+     sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
+     sed -e "s/git/GET/" file0 >file2 &&
+     rm -f file0
+     git update-index --add --remove file0 file1 file2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B' \
+    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c M100	file1
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 A	file2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate result of -B (#8)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'run diff with -B -M' \
+    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c C095	file0	file1
+:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 59f832e5c8b3f7e486be15ad0cd3e95ba9af8998 R095	file0	file2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate result of -B -M (#9)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh b/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..de3f174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Same rename detection as t4003 but testing diff-raw -z.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+     echo frotz >rezrov &&
+    git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
+    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    echo $tree'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree' \
+    'sed -e 's/HOWEVER/However/' <COPYING >COPYING.1 &&
+    sed -e 's/GPL/G.P.L/g' <COPYING >COPYING.2 &&
+    rm -f COPYING &&
+    git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.?'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING.1 and COPYING.2,
+# both are slightly edited, and unchanged rezrov.  We say COPYING.1
+# and COPYING.2 are based on COPYING, and do not say anything about
+# rezrov.
+
+git diff-index -z -M $tree >current
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0603b3238a076dc6c8022aedc6648fa523a17178 C1234
+COPYING
+COPYING.1
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 06c67961bbaed34a127f76d261f4c0bf73eda471 R1234
+COPYING
+COPYING.2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#1)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw_z current expected'
+
+################################################################
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree again' \
+    'mv COPYING.2 COPYING &&
+     git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1 COPYING.2'
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING and COPYING.1,
+# both are slightly edited, and unchanged rezrov.  We say COPYING.1
+# is based on COPYING and COPYING is still there, and do not say anything
+# about rezrov.
+
+git diff-index -z -C $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 06c67961bbaed34a127f76d261f4c0bf73eda471 M
+COPYING
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0603b3238a076dc6c8022aedc6648fa523a17178 C1234
+COPYING
+COPYING.1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#2)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw_z current expected'
+
+################################################################
+
+# tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has the same COPYING and
+# copy-edited COPYING.1, and unchanged rezrov.  We should not say
+# anything about rezrov nor COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
+# nows how to say Copy.
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare work tree once again' \
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+     git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
+
+git diff-index -z -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0603b3238a076dc6c8022aedc6648fa523a17178 C1234
+COPYING
+COPYING.1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate output from rename/copy detection (#3)' \
+    'compare_diff_raw_z current expected'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94df7ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Pathspec restrictions
+
+Prepare:
+        file0
+        path1/file1
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+test_expect_success \
+    setup \
+    'echo frotz >file0 &&
+     mkdir path1 &&
+     echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+     git update-index --add file0 path1/file1 &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo "$tree" &&
+     echo nitfol >file0 &&
+     echo yomin >path1/file1 &&
+     git update-index file0 path1/file1'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'limit to path should show nothing' \
+    'git diff-index --cached $tree -- path >current &&
+     compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 766498d93a4b06057a8e49d23f4068f1170ff38f 0a41e115ab61be0328a19b29f18cdcb49338d516 M	path1/file1
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'limit to path1 should show path1/file1' \
+    'git diff-index --cached $tree -- path1 >current &&
+     compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 766498d93a4b06057a8e49d23f4068f1170ff38f 0a41e115ab61be0328a19b29f18cdcb49338d516 M	path1/file1
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'limit to path1/ should show path1/file1' \
+    'git diff-index --cached $tree -- path1/ >current &&
+     compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+:100644 100644 766498d93a4b06057a8e49d23f4068f1170ff38f 0a41e115ab61be0328a19b29f18cdcb49338d516 M	file0
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'limit to file0 should show file0' \
+    'git diff-index --cached $tree -- file0 >current &&
+     compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'limit to file0/ should emit nothing.' \
+    'git diff-index --cached $tree -- file0/ >current &&
+     compare_diff_raw current expected'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree pathspec' '
+	tree2=$(git write-tree) &&
+	echo "$tree2" &&
+	git diff-tree -r --name-only $tree $tree2 -- pa path1/a >current &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d7e327c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test diff of symlinks.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+new file mode 120000
+index 0000000..7c465af
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++xyzzy
+\ No newline at end of file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff new symlink' \
+    'ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
+    git update-index &&
+    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    git update-index --add frotz &&
+    GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
+    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff unchanged symlink' \
+    'tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+    git update-index frotz &&
+    test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+deleted file mode 120000
+index 7c465af..0000000
+--- a/frotz
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-xyzzy
+\ No newline at end of file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff removed symlink' \
+    'rm frotz &&
+    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
+    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff identical, but newly created symlink' \
+    'sleep 3 &&
+    ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
+    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
+    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-xyzzy
+\ No newline at end of file
++yxyyz
+\ No newline at end of file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff different symlink' \
+    'rm frotz &&
+    ln -s yxyyz frotz &&
+    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
+    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'diff symlinks with non-existing targets' \
+    'ln -s narf pinky &&
+    ln -s take\ over brain &&
+    test_must_fail git diff --no-index pinky brain > output 2> output.err &&
+    grep narf output &&
+    ! grep error output.err'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bc46563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Binary diff and apply
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
+	'echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
+	 git update-index --add a b c d &&
+	 echo git >a &&
+	 cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test4012.png >b &&
+	 echo git >c &&
+	 cat b b >d'
+
+cat > expected <<\EOF
+ a |    2 +-
+ b |  Bin
+ c |    2 +-
+ d |  Bin
+ 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff without --binary' \
+	'git diff | git apply --stat --summary >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff with --binary' \
+	'git diff --binary | git apply --stat --summary >current &&
+	 test_cmp expected current'
+
+# apply needs to be able to skip the binary material correctly
+# in order to report the line number of a corrupt patch.
+test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
+	'git diff | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
+	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
+	 then
+		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
+		(exit 1)
+	 else
+		echo happy
+	 fi &&
+	 detected=`cat detected` &&
+	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
+	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
+	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
+	'git diff --binary | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
+	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
+	 then
+		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
+		(exit 1)
+	 else
+		echo happy
+	 fi &&
+	 detected=`cat detected` &&
+	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
+	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
+	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
+
+test_expect_success 'initial commit' 'git commit -a -m initial'
+
+# Try removal (b), modification (d), and creation (e).
+test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' \
+	'echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
+	 git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
+	 tree0=`git write-tree` &&
+	 git diff --cached --binary >current &&
+	 git apply --stat --summary current'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' \
+	'git reset --hard &&
+	 git apply --binary --index <current &&
+	 tree1=`git write-tree` &&
+	 test "$tree1" = "$tree0"'
+
+nul_to_q() {
+	perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --no-index with binary creation' '
+	echo Q | q_to_nul >binary &&
+	(: hide error code from diff, which just indicates differences
+	 git diff --binary --no-index /dev/null binary >current ||
+	 true
+	) &&
+	rm binary &&
+	git apply --binary <current &&
+	echo Q >expected &&
+	nul_to_q <binary >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8e3694e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Various diff formatting options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+LF='
+'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:00:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:00:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	mkdir dir &&
+	mkdir dir2 &&
+	for i in 1 2 3; do echo $i; done >file0 &&
+	for i in A B; do echo $i; done >dir/sub &&
+	cat file0 >file2 &&
+	git add file0 file2 dir/sub &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+
+	git branch initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:01:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:01:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	for i in 4 5 6; do echo $i; done >>file0 &&
+	for i in C D; do echo $i; done >>dir/sub &&
+	rm -f file2 &&
+	git update-index --remove file0 file2 dir/sub &&
+	git commit -m "Second${LF}${LF}This is the second commit." &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:02:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:02:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	for i in A B C; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	for i in E F; do echo $i; done >>dir/sub &&
+	git update-index dir/sub &&
+	git commit -m Third &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:03:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:03:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in A B C; do echo $i; done >>file0 &&
+	for i in 1 2; do echo $i; done >>dir/sub &&
+	cat dir/sub >file3 &&
+	git add file3 &&
+	git update-index file0 dir/sub &&
+	git commit -m Side &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:04:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:04:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git pull -s ours . side &&
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:05:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:05:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	for i in A B C; do echo $i; done >>file0 &&
+	for i in 1 2; do echo $i; done >>dir/sub &&
+	git update-index file0 dir/sub &&
+
+	mkdir dir3 &&
+	cp dir/sub dir3/sub &&
+	test-chmtime +1 dir3/sub &&
+
+	git config log.showroot false &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	git show-branch
+'
+
+: <<\EOF
+! [initial] Initial
+ * [master] Merge branch 'side'
+  ! [side] Side
+---
+ -  [master] Merge branch 'side'
+ *+ [side] Side
+ *  [master^] Second
++*+ [initial] Initial
+EOF
+
+V=`git version | sed -e 's/^git version //' -e 's/\./\\./g'`
+while read cmd
+do
+	case "$cmd" in
+	'' | '#'*) continue ;;
+	esac
+	test=`echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g'`
+	pfx=`printf "%04d" $test_count`
+	expect="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4013/diff.$test"
+	actual="$pfx-diff.$test"
+
+	test_expect_success "git $cmd" '
+		{
+			echo "\$ git $cmd"
+			git $cmd |
+			sed -e "s/^\\(-*\\)$V\\(-*\\)\$/\\1g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n\2/" \
+			    -e "s/^\\(.*mixed; boundary=\"-*\\)$V\\(-*\\)\"\$/\\1g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n\2\"/"
+			echo "\$"
+		} >"$actual" &&
+		if test -f "$expect"
+		then
+			test_cmp "$expect" "$actual" &&
+			rm -f "$actual"
+		else
+			# this is to help developing new tests.
+			cp "$actual" "$expect"
+			false
+		fi
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+diff-tree initial
+diff-tree -r initial
+diff-tree -r --abbrev initial
+diff-tree -r --abbrev=4 initial
+diff-tree --root initial
+diff-tree --root --abbrev initial
+diff-tree --root -r initial
+diff-tree --root -r --abbrev initial
+diff-tree --root -r --abbrev=4 initial
+diff-tree -p initial
+diff-tree --root -p initial
+diff-tree --patch-with-stat initial
+diff-tree --root --patch-with-stat initial
+diff-tree --patch-with-raw initial
+diff-tree --root --patch-with-raw initial
+
+diff-tree --pretty initial
+diff-tree --pretty --root initial
+diff-tree --pretty -p initial
+diff-tree --pretty --stat initial
+diff-tree --pretty --summary initial
+diff-tree --pretty --stat --summary initial
+diff-tree --pretty --root -p initial
+diff-tree --pretty --root --stat initial
+# improved by Timo's patch
+diff-tree --pretty --root --summary initial
+# improved by Timo's patch
+diff-tree --pretty --root --summary -r initial
+diff-tree --pretty --root --stat --summary initial
+diff-tree --pretty --patch-with-stat initial
+diff-tree --pretty --root --patch-with-stat initial
+diff-tree --pretty --patch-with-raw initial
+diff-tree --pretty --root --patch-with-raw initial
+
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline initial
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root initial
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline -p initial
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root -p initial
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline --patch-with-stat initial
+# improved by Timo's patch
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root --patch-with-stat initial
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline --patch-with-raw initial
+diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root --patch-with-raw initial
+
+diff-tree --pretty side
+diff-tree --pretty -p side
+diff-tree --pretty --patch-with-stat side
+
+diff-tree master
+diff-tree -p master
+diff-tree -p -m master
+diff-tree -c master
+diff-tree -c --abbrev master
+diff-tree --cc master
+# stat only should show the diffstat with the first parent
+diff-tree -c --stat master
+diff-tree --cc --stat master
+diff-tree -c --stat --summary master
+diff-tree --cc --stat --summary master
+# stat summary should show the diffstat and summary with the first parent
+diff-tree -c --stat --summary side
+diff-tree --cc --stat --summary side
+# improved by Timo's patch
+diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat master
+# improved by Timo's patch
+diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+# this is correct
+diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary side
+
+log master
+log -p master
+log --root master
+log --root -p master
+log --patch-with-stat master
+log --root --patch-with-stat master
+log --root --patch-with-stat --summary master
+# improved by Timo's patch
+log --root -c --patch-with-stat --summary master
+# improved by Timo's patch
+log --root --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+log -SF master
+log -SF -p master
+log --decorate --all
+log --decorate=full --all
+
+rev-list --parents HEAD
+rev-list --children HEAD
+
+whatchanged master
+whatchanged -p master
+whatchanged --root master
+whatchanged --root -p master
+whatchanged --patch-with-stat master
+whatchanged --root --patch-with-stat master
+whatchanged --root --patch-with-stat --summary master
+# improved by Timo's patch
+whatchanged --root -c --patch-with-stat --summary master
+# improved by Timo's patch
+whatchanged --root --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+whatchanged -SF master
+whatchanged -SF -p master
+
+log --patch-with-stat master -- dir/
+whatchanged --patch-with-stat master -- dir/
+log --patch-with-stat --summary master -- dir/
+whatchanged --patch-with-stat --summary master -- dir/
+
+show initial
+show --root initial
+show side
+show master
+show --stat side
+show --stat --summary side
+show --patch-with-stat side
+show --patch-with-raw side
+show --patch-with-stat --summary side
+
+format-patch --stdout initial..side
+format-patch --stdout initial..master^
+format-patch --stdout initial..master
+format-patch --stdout --no-numbered initial..master
+format-patch --stdout --numbered initial..master
+format-patch --attach --stdout initial..side
+format-patch --attach --stdout --suffix=.diff initial..side
+format-patch --attach --stdout initial..master^
+format-patch --attach --stdout initial..master
+format-patch --inline --stdout initial..side
+format-patch --inline --stdout initial..master^
+format-patch --inline --stdout --numbered-files initial..master
+format-patch --inline --stdout initial..master
+format-patch --inline --stdout --subject-prefix=TESTCASE initial..master
+config format.subjectprefix DIFFERENT_PREFIX
+format-patch --inline --stdout initial..master^^
+format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -n initial..master^
+
+diff --abbrev initial..side
+diff -r initial..side
+diff --stat initial..side
+diff -r --stat initial..side
+diff initial..side
+diff --patch-with-stat initial..side
+diff --patch-with-raw initial..side
+diff --patch-with-stat -r initial..side
+diff --patch-with-raw -r initial..side
+diff --name-status dir2 dir
+diff --no-index --name-status dir2 dir
+diff --no-index --name-status -- dir2 dir
+diff --no-index dir dir3
+diff master master^ side
+diff --dirstat master~1 master~2
+EOF
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.config_format.subjectprefix_DIFFERENT_PREFIX b/t/t4013/diff.config_format.subjectprefix_DIFFERENT_PREFIX
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78f8970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.config_format.subjectprefix_DIFFERENT_PREFIX
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git config format.subjectprefix DIFFERENT_PREFIX
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a9f78a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a61ad8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary side
+c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f23b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc6eb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc --stat --summary master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50362be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc --stat --summary side
+c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae7f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc --stat master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ecb4e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_master
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+$ git diff-tree --cc master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--patch-with-raw_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--patch-with-raw_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc177ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--patch-with-raw_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --patch-with-raw initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--patch-with-stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd905b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --patch-with-stat initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--patch-with-raw_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--patch-with-raw_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bb8b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--patch-with-raw_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --patch-with-raw initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--patch-with-stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbdde4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --patch-with-stat initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd79f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root --patch-with-raw initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a Initial
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35d242ba79ae89ac695e26b3d4c27a8e6f028f9e A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5c333a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root --patch-with-stat initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a Initial
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_-p_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_-p_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c5092c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_-p_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root -p initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a Initial
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08920ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a Initial
+:000000 040000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 da7a33fa77d8066d6698643940ce5860fe2d7fb3 A	dir
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_-p_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_-p_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94b76bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_-p_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline -p initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d50970d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-raw_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-raw_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a85316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-raw_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --patch-with-raw initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e08239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --patch-with-stat initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d30e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --patch-with-stat side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3203bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root --patch-with-raw initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35d242ba79ae89ac695e26b3d4c27a8e6f028f9e A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dfa6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root --patch-with-stat initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43bfce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root --stat --summary initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9154aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root --stat initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--summary_-r_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--summary_-r_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccdaafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--summary_-r_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root --summary -r initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--summary_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--summary_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58e5f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--summary_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root --summary initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_-p_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_-p_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0411f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_-p_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root -p initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94e32ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --root initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+:000000 040000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 da7a33fa77d8066d6698643940ce5860fe2d7fb3 A	dir
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--stat_--summary_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--stat_--summary_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c22983a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--stat_--summary_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --stat --summary initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fdcfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --stat initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--summary_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--summary_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bc2c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--summary_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty --summary initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_-p_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_-p_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c9942f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_-p_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty -p initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_-p_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_-p_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b993aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_-p_side
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty -p side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14715bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9b6e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_side
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+$ git diff-tree --pretty side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+:040000 040000 da7a33fa77d8066d6698643940ce5860fe2d7fb3 f977ed46ae6873c1c30ab878e15a4accedc3618b M	dir
+:100644 100644 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d f4615da674c09df322d6ba8d6b21ecfb1b1ba510 M	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7289e35bff32727c08dda207511bec138fdb9ea5 A	file3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--abbrev_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--abbrev_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aa84b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--abbrev_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root --abbrev initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+:000000 040000 0000000... da7a33f... A	dir
+:000000 100644 0000000... 01e79c3... A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 01e79c3... A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d295e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-raw_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root --patch-with-raw initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35d242ba79ae89ac695e26b3d4c27a8e6f028f9e A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1562b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root --patch-with-stat initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3219c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -p initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_--abbrev=4_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_--abbrev=4_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c53616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_--abbrev=4_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -r --abbrev=4 initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+:000000 100644 0000... 35d2... A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000... 01e7... A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000... 01e7... A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_--abbrev_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_--abbrev_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7b460f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_--abbrev_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -r --abbrev initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+:000000 100644 0000000... 35d242b... A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000... 01e79c3... A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 01e79c3... A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eed435e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-r_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -r initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35d242ba79ae89ac695e26b3d4c27a8e6f028f9e A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddf6b06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+:000000 040000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 da7a33fa77d8066d6698643940ce5860fe2d7fb3 A	dir
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--abbrev_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--abbrev_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8e4aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--abbrev_master
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+$ git diff-tree -c --abbrev master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+::100644 100644 100644 cead32e... 7289e35... 992913c... MM	dir/sub
+::100644 100644 100644 b414108... f4615da... 10a8a9f... MM	file0
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac9f641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree -c --stat --summary master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2afcca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+$ git diff-tree -c --stat --summary side
+c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2fe6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff-tree -c --stat master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2d2bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_master
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+$ git diff-tree -c master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+::100644 100644 100644 cead32e925b1420c84c14cbf7cf755e7e45af8ad 7289e35bff32727c08dda207511bec138fdb9ea5 992913c5aa0a5476d10c49ed0f21fc0c6d1aedf3 MM	dir/sub
+::100644 100644 100644 b414108e81e5091fe0974a1858b4d0d22b107f70 f4615da674c09df322d6ba8d6b21ecfb1b1ba510 10a8a9f3657f91a156b9f0184ed79a20adef9f7f MM	file0
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_-m_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_-m_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b60bea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_-m_master
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+$ git diff-tree -p -m master
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index cead32e..992913c 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ C
+ D
+ E
+ F
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index b414108..10a8a9f 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
++A
++B
++C
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 7289e35..992913c 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
++E
++F
+ 1
+ 2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index f4615da..10a8a9f 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+ A
+ B
+ C
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 7289e35..0000000
+--- a/file3
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
+-A
+-B
+-1
+-2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e20ce88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree -p initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b182875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree -p master
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_--abbrev=4_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_--abbrev=4_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5a3aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_--abbrev=4_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree -r --abbrev=4 initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_--abbrev_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_--abbrev_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b689b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_--abbrev_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree -r --abbrev initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1765d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-r_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree -r initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b49fc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe9226f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_master
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff-tree master
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--abbrev_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--abbrev_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88e66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--abbrev_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+$ git diff --abbrev initial..side
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--dirstat_master~1_master~2 b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--dirstat_master~1_master~2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b672e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--dirstat_master~1_master~2
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+$ git diff --dirstat master~1 master~2
+  40.0% dir/
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--name-status_dir2_dir b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--name-status_dir2_dir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0d96aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--name-status_dir2_dir
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff --name-status dir2 dir
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_--name-status_--_dir2_dir b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_--name-status_--_dir2_dir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6756f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_--name-status_--_dir2_dir
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+$ git diff --no-index --name-status -- dir2 dir
+A	dir/sub
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_--name-status_dir2_dir b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_--name-status_dir2_dir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a47584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_--name-status_dir2_dir
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+$ git diff --no-index --name-status dir2 dir
+A	dir/sub
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_dir_dir3 b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_dir_dir3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2142c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--no-index_dir_dir3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$ git diff --no-index dir dir3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-raw_-r_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-raw_-r_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3590dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-raw_-r_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+$ git diff --patch-with-raw -r initial..side
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 7289e35... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... f4615da... M	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 7289e35... A	file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-raw_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-raw_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b21d5dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-raw_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+$ git diff --patch-with-raw initial..side
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 7289e35... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... f4615da... M	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 7289e35... A	file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ed317a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+$ git diff --patch-with-stat -r initial..side
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b50629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+$ git diff --patch-with-stat initial..side
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0517b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff --stat initial..side
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..245220d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$ git diff -r --stat initial..side
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bb2fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+$ git diff -r initial..side
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8adaf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+$ git diff initial..side
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_master_master^_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_master_master^_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50ec9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_master_master^_side
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+$ git diff master master^ side
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52116d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+$ git format-patch --attach --stdout --suffix=.diff initial..side
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Side.diff"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0001-Side.diff"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce49bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+$ git format-patch --attach --stdout initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Second.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0001-Second.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0002-Third.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0002-Third.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0003-Side.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0003-Side.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1b238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+$ git format-patch --attach --stdout initial..master^
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Second.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0001-Second.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Third
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0002-Third.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0002-Third.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a2364a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+$ git format-patch --attach --stdout initial..side
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Side.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="0001-Side.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43b81eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+$ git format-patch --inline --stdout --numbered-files initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="1"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="1"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="2"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="2"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="3"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="3"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca3f60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+$ git format-patch --inline --stdout --subject-prefix=TESTCASE initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [TESTCASE 1/3] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Second.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0001-Second.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [TESTCASE 2/3] Third
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0002-Third.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0002-Third.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [TESTCASE 3/3] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0003-Side.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0003-Side.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08f2301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+$ git format-patch --inline --stdout initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Second.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0001-Second.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0002-Third.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0002-Third.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0003-Side.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0003-Side.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07f1230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+$ git format-patch --inline --stdout initial..master^
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Second.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0001-Second.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Third
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0002-Third.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0002-Third.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e00ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+$ git format-patch --inline --stdout initial..master^^
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX] Second
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Second.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0001-Second.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67633d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+$ git format-patch --inline --stdout initial..side
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Side
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n"
+
+This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+Content-Type: text/x-patch; name="0001-Side.patch"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-Disposition: inline; filename="0001-Side.patch"
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+--------------g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n--
+
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dab4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+$ git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -n initial..master^
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:05:00 +0000
+Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 0/2] *** SUBJECT HERE ***
+
+*** BLURB HERE ***
+
+A U Thor (2):
+  Second
+  Third
+
+ dir/sub |    4 ++++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 1/2] Second
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 2/2] Third
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7752eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+$ git format-patch --stdout --no-numbered initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Second
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Third
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Side
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e67dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+$ git format-patch --stdout --numbered initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b89978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+$ git format-patch --stdout initial..master
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7f9725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+$ git format-patch --stdout initial..master^
+From 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:01:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Second
+
+This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+
+From 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Third
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e765088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+$ git format-patch --stdout initial..side
+From c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
+Subject: [PATCH] Side
+
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+-- 
+g-i-t--v-e-r-s-i-o-n
+
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d155e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git log --decorate=full --all
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD, refs/heads/master)
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a (refs/heads/side)
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a (refs/heads/initial)
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd7c3e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git log --decorate --all
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD, master)
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a (side)
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a (initial)
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd7f5c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+$ git log --patch-with-stat --summary master -- dir/
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14595a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+$ git log --patch-with-stat master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a4e727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+$ git log --patch-with-stat master -- dir/
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df0aaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+$ git log --root --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c11b5f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+$ git log --root --patch-with-stat --summary master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f0c98f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+$ git log --root --patch-with-stat master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e62c368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+$ git log --root -c --patch-with-stat --summary master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --combined dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --combined file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b42c334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+$ git log --root -p master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8f4615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git log --root master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-SF_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-SF_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e32438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-SF_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+$ git log -SF -p master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-SF_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-SF_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1599f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-SF_master
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+$ git log -SF master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf1326d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+$ git log -p master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f6ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_master
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git log master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.rev-list_--children_HEAD b/t/t4013/diff.rev-list_--children_HEAD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7f17d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.rev-list_--children_HEAD
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+$ git rev-list --children HEAD
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.rev-list_--parents_HEAD b/t/t4013/diff.rev-list_--parents_HEAD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65d2a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.rev-list_--parents_HEAD
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+$ git rev-list --parents HEAD
+59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-raw_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-raw_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..221b46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-raw_side
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+$ git show --patch-with-raw side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 7289e35... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... f4615da... M	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 7289e35... A	file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..377f2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+$ git show --patch-with-stat --summary side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb14c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+$ git show --patch-with-stat side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--root_initial b/t/t4013/diff.show_--root_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c89136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--root_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+$ git show --root initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bd5977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+$ git show --stat --summary side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b22327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+$ git show --stat side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_initial b/t/t4013/diff.show_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c4066a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+$ git show initial
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_master b/t/t4013/diff.show_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb08ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_master
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+$ git show master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_side
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..530a073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_side
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+$ git show side
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a467cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+$ git whatchanged --patch-with-stat --summary master -- dir/
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e1bbe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+$ git whatchanged --patch-with-stat master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13789f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+$ git whatchanged --patch-with-stat master -- dir/
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e96ff1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+$ git whatchanged --root --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --cc dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --cc file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0291153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+$ git whatchanged --root --patch-with-stat --summary master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b0349c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+$ git whatchanged --root --patch-with-stat master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0aff68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+$ git whatchanged --root -c --patch-with-stat --summary master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --combined dir/sub
+index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@@ -1,6 -1,4 +1,8 @@@
+  A
+  B
+ +C
+ +D
+ +E
+ +F
++ 1
++ 2
+diff --combined file0
+index b414108,f4615da..10a8a9f
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@@ -1,6 -1,6 +1,9 @@@
+  1
+  2
+  3
+ +4
+ +5
+ +6
++ A
++ B
++ C
+
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file3   |    4 ++++
+ 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file3
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file1   |    3 +++
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 file1
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 ---
+ 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+ delete mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+---
+ dir/sub |    2 ++
+ file0   |    3 +++
+ file2   |    3 +++
+ 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 dir/sub
+ create mode 100644 file0
+ create mode 100644 file2
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf1f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+$ git whatchanged --root -p master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..35d242b
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..01e79c3
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a405cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_master
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+$ git whatchanged --root master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 7289e35... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... f4615da... M	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 7289e35... A	file3
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+:100644 100644 8422d40... cead32e... M	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000... b1e6722... A	file1
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 8422d40... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... b414108... M	file0
+:100644 000000 01e79c3... 0000000... D	file2
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+
+:000000 100644 0000000... 35d242b... A	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000... 01e79c3... A	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 01e79c3... A	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-SF_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-SF_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f39da84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-SF_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+$ git whatchanged -SF -p master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-SF_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-SF_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0499321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-SF_master
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+$ git whatchanged -SF master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+:100644 100644 8422d40... cead32e... M	dir/sub
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f18d432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+$ git whatchanged -p master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..7289e35 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..f4615da 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++A
++B
++C
+diff --git a/file3 b/file3
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..7289e35
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file3
+@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++A
++B
++1
++2
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd3bcc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_master
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+$ git whatchanged master
+commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Side
+
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 7289e35... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... f4615da... M	file0
+:000000 100644 0000000... 7289e35... A	file3
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+:100644 100644 8422d40... cead32e... M	dir/sub
+:000000 100644 0000000... b1e6722... A	file1
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+:100644 100644 35d242b... 8422d40... M	dir/sub
+:100644 100644 01e79c3... b414108... M	file0
+:100644 000000 01e79c3... 0000000... D	file2
+$
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f2a2aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='various format-patch tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do echo "$i"; done >file &&
+	cat file >elif &&
+	git add file elif &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+
+	for i in 1 2 5 6 A B C 7 8 9 10; do echo "$i"; done >file &&
+	test_chmod +x elif &&
+	git commit -m "Side changes #1" &&
+
+	for i in D E F; do echo "$i"; done >>file &&
+	git update-index file &&
+	git commit -m "Side changes #2" &&
+	git tag C2 &&
+
+	for i in 5 6 1 2 3 A 4 B C 7 8 9 10 D E F; do echo "$i"; done >file &&
+	git update-index file &&
+	git commit -m "Side changes #3 with \\n backslash-n in it." &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git diff-tree -p C2 | git apply --index &&
+	git commit -m "Master accepts moral equivalent of #2"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream" '
+
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch0 &&
+	cnt=`grep "^From " patch0 | wc -l` &&
+	test $cnt = 3
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream" '
+
+	git format-patch --stdout \
+		--ignore-if-in-upstream master..side >patch1 &&
+	cnt=`grep "^From " patch1 | wc -l` &&
+	test $cnt = 2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "format-patch result applies" '
+
+	git checkout -b rebuild-0 master &&
+	git am -3 patch0 &&
+	cnt=`git rev-list master.. | wc -l` &&
+	test $cnt = 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream result applies" '
+
+	git checkout -b rebuild-1 master &&
+	git am -3 patch1 &&
+	cnt=`git rev-list master.. | wc -l` &&
+	test $cnt = 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit did not screw up the log message' '
+
+	git cat-file commit side | grep "^Side .* with .* backslash-n"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch did not screw up the log message' '
+
+	grep "^Subject: .*Side changes #3 with .* backslash-n" patch0 &&
+	grep "^Subject: .*Side changes #3 with .* backslash-n" patch1
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replay did not screw up the log message' '
+
+	git cat-file commit rebuild-1 | grep "^Side .* with .* backslash-n"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extra headers' '
+
+	git config format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
+" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>
+" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch2 &&
+	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch2 > hdrs2 &&
+	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extra headers without newlines' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch3 &&
+	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch3 > hdrs3 &&
+	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extra headers with multiple To:s' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "To: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch4 &&
+	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch4 > hdrs4 &&
+	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
+	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'additional command line cc' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --cc="S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'command line headers' '
+
+	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration headers and command line headers' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
+	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
+
+	rm -rf patches/ &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git format-patch -o patches/ master &&
+	ls patches/0001-Side-changes-1.patch patches/0002-Side-changes-2.patch patches/0003-Side-changes-3-with-n-backslash-n-in-it.patch
+'
+
+check_threading () {
+	expect="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	(git format-patch --stdout "$@"; echo $? > status.out) |
+	# Prints everything between the Message-ID and In-Reply-To,
+	# and replaces all Message-ID-lookalikes by a sequence number
+	perl -ne '
+		if (/^(message-id|references|in-reply-to)/i) {
+			$printing = 1;
+		} elsif (/^\S/) {
+			$printing = 0;
+		}
+		if ($printing) {
+			$h{$1}=$i++ if (/<([^>]+)>/ and !exists $h{$1});
+			for $k (keys %h) {s/$k/$h{$k}/};
+			print;
+		}
+		print "---\n" if /^From /i;
+	' > actual &&
+	test 0 = "$(cat status.out)" &&
+	test_cmp "$expect" actual
+}
+
+cat >> expect.no-threading <<EOF
+---
+---
+---
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'no threading' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	check_threading expect.no-threading master
+'
+
+cat > expect.thread <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <1>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread' '
+	check_threading expect.thread --thread master
+'
+
+cat > expect.in-reply-to <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <1>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <1>
+---
+Message-Id: <3>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <1>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread in-reply-to' '
+	check_threading expect.in-reply-to --in-reply-to="<test.message>" \
+		--thread master
+'
+
+cat > expect.cover-letter <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <1>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <3>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread cover-letter' '
+	check_threading expect.cover-letter --cover-letter --thread master
+'
+
+cat > expect.cl-irt <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <1>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+---
+Message-Id: <3>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+---
+Message-Id: <4>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread cover-letter in-reply-to' '
+	check_threading expect.cl-irt --cover-letter \
+		--in-reply-to="<test.message>" --thread master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'thread explicit shallow' '
+	check_threading expect.cl-irt --cover-letter \
+		--in-reply-to="<test.message>" --thread=shallow master
+'
+
+cat > expect.deep <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <1>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <0>
+	<1>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread deep' '
+	check_threading expect.deep --thread=deep master
+'
+
+cat > expect.deep-irt <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <1>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+---
+Message-Id: <3>
+In-Reply-To: <2>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+	<2>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread deep in-reply-to' '
+	check_threading expect.deep-irt  --thread=deep \
+		--in-reply-to="<test.message>" master
+'
+
+cat > expect.deep-cl <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <1>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <0>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <0>
+	<1>
+---
+Message-Id: <3>
+In-Reply-To: <2>
+References: <0>
+	<1>
+	<2>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread deep cover-letter' '
+	check_threading expect.deep-cl --cover-letter --thread=deep master
+'
+
+cat > expect.deep-cl-irt <<EOF
+---
+Message-Id: <0>
+In-Reply-To: <1>
+References: <1>
+---
+Message-Id: <2>
+In-Reply-To: <0>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+---
+Message-Id: <3>
+In-Reply-To: <2>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+	<2>
+---
+Message-Id: <4>
+In-Reply-To: <3>
+References: <1>
+	<0>
+	<2>
+	<3>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'thread deep cover-letter in-reply-to' '
+	check_threading expect.deep-cl-irt --cover-letter \
+		--in-reply-to="<test.message>" --thread=deep master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'thread via config' '
+	git config format.thread true &&
+	check_threading expect.thread master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'thread deep via config' '
+	git config format.thread deep &&
+	check_threading expect.deep master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'thread config + override' '
+	git config format.thread deep &&
+	check_threading expect.thread --thread master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'thread config + --no-thread' '
+	git config format.thread deep &&
+	check_threading expect.no-threading --no-thread master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'excessive subject' '
+
+	rm -rf patches/ &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in 5 6 1 2 3 A 4 B C 7 8 9 10 D E F; do echo "$i"; done >>file &&
+	git update-index file &&
+	git commit -m "This is an excessively long subject line for a message due to the habit some projects have of not having a short, one-line subject at the start of the commit message, but rather sticking a whole paragraph right at the start as the only thing in the commit message. It had better not become the filename for the patch." &&
+	git format-patch -o patches/ master..side &&
+	ls patches/0004-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover-letter inherits diff options' '
+
+	git mv file foo &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+	git format-patch --cover-letter -1 &&
+	! grep "file => foo .* 0 *\$" 0000-cover-letter.patch &&
+	git format-patch --cover-letter -1 -M &&
+	grep "file => foo .* 0 *\$" 0000-cover-letter.patch
+
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+  This is an excessively long subject line for a message due to the
+    habit some projects have of not having a short, one-line subject at
+    the start of the commit message, but rather sticking a whole
+    paragraph right at the start as the only thing in the commit
+    message. It had better not become the filename for the patch.
+  foo
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog of cover-letter wraps overly-long onelines' '
+
+	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 &&
+	sed -e "1,/A U Thor/d" -e "/^\$/q" < 0000-cover-letter.patch > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+---
+ file |   16 ++++++++++++++++
+ 1 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index 40f36c6..2dc5c23 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -13,4 +13,20 @@ C
+ 10
+ D
+ E
+ F
++5
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch respects -U' '
+
+	git format-patch -U4 -2 &&
+	sed -e "1,/^\$/d" -e "/^+5/q" < 0001-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+
+diff --git a/file b/file
+index 40f36c6..2dc5c23 100644
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -14,3 +14,19 @@ C
+ D
+ E
+ F
++5
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch -p suppresses stat' '
+
+	git format-patch -p -2 &&
+	sed -e "1,/^\$/d" -e "/^+5/q" < 0001-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch from a subdirectory (1)' '
+	filename=$(
+		rm -rf sub &&
+		mkdir -p sub/dir &&
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git format-patch -1
+	) &&
+	case "$filename" in
+	0*)
+		;; # ok
+	*)
+		echo "Oops? $filename"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	test -f "$filename"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch from a subdirectory (2)' '
+	filename=$(
+		rm -rf sub &&
+		mkdir -p sub/dir &&
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git format-patch -1 -o ..
+	) &&
+	case "$filename" in
+	../0*)
+		;; # ok
+	*)
+		echo "Oops? $filename"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	basename=$(expr "$filename" : ".*/\(.*\)") &&
+	test -f "sub/$basename"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch from a subdirectory (3)' '
+	rm -f 0* &&
+	filename=$(
+		rm -rf sub &&
+		mkdir -p sub/dir &&
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git format-patch -1 -o "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+	) &&
+	basename=$(expr "$filename" : ".*/\(.*\)") &&
+	test -f "$basename"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --in-reply-to' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --in-reply-to "baz@foo.bar" > patch8 &&
+	grep "^In-Reply-To: <baz@foo.bar>" patch8 &&
+	grep "^References: <baz@foo.bar>" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --signoff' '
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout |
+	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+'
+
+echo "fatal: --name-only does not make sense" > expect.name-only
+echo "fatal: --name-status does not make sense" > expect.name-status
+echo "fatal: --check does not make sense" > expect.check
+
+test_expect_success 'options no longer allowed for format-patch' '
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --name-only 2> output &&
+	test_cmp expect.name-only output &&
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --name-status 2> output &&
+	test_cmp expect.name-status output &&
+	test_must_fail git format-patch --check 2> output &&
+	test_cmp expect.check output'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --numstat should produce a patch' '
+	git format-patch --numstat --stdout master..side > output &&
+	test 6 = $(grep "^diff --git a/" output | wc -l)'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch -- <path>' '
+	git format-patch master..side -- file 2>error &&
+	! grep "Use .--" error
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..90f3342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test special whitespace in diff engine.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
+
+# Ray Lehtiniemi's example
+
+cat << EOF > x
+do {
+   nothing;
+} while (0);
+EOF
+
+git update-index --add x
+
+cat << EOF > x
+do
+{
+   nothing;
+}
+while (0);
+EOF
+
+cat << EOF > expect
+diff --git a/x b/x
+index adf3937..6edc172 100644
+--- a/x
++++ b/x
+@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+-do {
++do
++{
+    nothing;
+-} while (0);
++}
++while (0);
+EOF
+
+git diff > out
+test_expect_success "Ray's example without options" 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+git diff -w > out
+test_expect_success "Ray's example with -w" 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+git diff -b > out
+test_expect_success "Ray's example with -b" 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+tr 'Q' '\015' << EOF > x
+whitespace at beginning
+whitespace change
+whitespace in the middle
+whitespace at end
+unchanged line
+CR at endQ
+EOF
+
+git update-index x
+
+tr '_' ' ' << EOF > x
+	whitespace at beginning
+whitespace 	 change
+white space in the middle
+whitespace at end__
+unchanged line
+CR at end
+EOF
+
+tr 'Q_' '\015 ' << EOF > expect
+diff --git a/x b/x
+index d99af23..8b32fb5 100644
+--- a/x
++++ b/x
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+-whitespace at beginning
+-whitespace change
+-whitespace in the middle
+-whitespace at end
++	whitespace at beginning
++whitespace 	 change
++white space in the middle
++whitespace at end__
+ unchanged line
+-CR at endQ
++CR at end
+EOF
+git diff > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, without options' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+cat << EOF > expect
+EOF
+git diff -w > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with -w' 'test_cmp expect out'
+git diff -w -b > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with -w -b' 'test_cmp expect out'
+git diff -w --ignore-space-at-eol > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with -w --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
+git diff -w -b --ignore-space-at-eol > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with -w -b --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+tr 'Q' '\015' << EOF > expect
+diff --git a/x b/x
+index d99af23..8b32fb5 100644
+--- a/x
++++ b/x
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+-whitespace at beginning
++	whitespace at beginning
+ whitespace change
+-whitespace in the middle
++white space in the middle
+ whitespace at end
+ unchanged line
+ CR at endQ
+EOF
+git diff -b > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with -b' 'test_cmp expect out'
+git diff -b --ignore-space-at-eol > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with -b --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+tr 'Q' '\015' << EOF > expect
+diff --git a/x b/x
+index d99af23..8b32fb5 100644
+--- a/x
++++ b/x
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+-whitespace at beginning
+-whitespace change
+-whitespace in the middle
++	whitespace at beginning
++whitespace 	 change
++white space in the middle
+ whitespace at end
+ unchanged line
+ CR at endQ
+EOF
+git diff --ignore-space-at-eol > out
+test_expect_success 'another test, with --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+test_expect_success 'check mixed spaces and tabs in indent' '
+
+	# This is indented with SP HT SP.
+	echo " 	 foo();" > x &&
+	git diff --check | grep "space before tab in indent"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check mixed tabs and spaces in indent' '
+
+	# This is indented with HT SP HT.
+	echo "	 	foo();" > x &&
+	git diff --check | grep "space before tab in indent"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with no whitespace errors' '
+
+	git commit -m "snapshot" &&
+	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with trailing whitespace' '
+
+	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with space before tab in indent' '
+
+	# indent has space followed by hard tab
+	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--check and --exit-code are not exclusive' '
+
+	git checkout x &&
+	git diff --check --exit-code
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--check and --quiet are not exclusive' '
+
+	git diff --check --quiet
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check staged with no whitespace errors' '
+
+	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	git diff --cached --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check staged with trailing whitespace' '
+
+	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check staged with space before tab in indent' '
+
+	# indent has space followed by hard tab
+	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with no whitespace errors (diff-index)' '
+
+	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	git diff-index --check HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with trailing whitespace (diff-index)' '
+
+	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --check HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with space before tab in indent (diff-index)' '
+
+	# indent has space followed by hard tab
+	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --check HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check staged with no whitespace errors (diff-index)' '
+
+	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	git diff-index --cached --check HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check staged with trailing whitespace (diff-index)' '
+
+	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --cached --check HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check staged with space before tab in indent (diff-index)' '
+
+	# indent has space followed by hard tab
+	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	git add x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --cached --check HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with no whitespace errors (diff-tree)' '
+
+	echo "foo();" > x &&
+	git commit -m "new commit" x &&
+	git diff-tree --check HEAD^ HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with trailing whitespace (diff-tree)' '
+
+	echo "foo(); " > x &&
+	git commit -m "another commit" x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree --check HEAD^ HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check with space before tab in indent (diff-tree)' '
+
+	# indent has space followed by hard tab
+	echo " 	foo();" > x &&
+	git commit -m "yet another" x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree --check HEAD^ HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check trailing whitespace (trailing-space: off)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "-trailing-space" &&
+	echo "foo ();   " > x &&
+	git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check trailing whitespace (trailing-space: on)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "trailing-space" &&
+	echo "foo ();   " > x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check space before tab in indent (space-before-tab: off)' '
+
+	# indent contains space followed by HT
+	git config core.whitespace "-space-before-tab" &&
+	echo " 	foo ();" > x &&
+	git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check space before tab in indent (space-before-tab: on)' '
+
+	# indent contains space followed by HT
+	git config core.whitespace "space-before-tab" &&
+	echo " 	foo ();   " > x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: off)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "-indent-with-non-tab"
+	echo "        foo ();" > x &&
+	git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: on)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab" &&
+	echo "        foo ();" > x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check tabs and spaces as indentation (indent-with-non-tab: on)' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace "indent-with-non-tab" &&
+	echo "	                foo ();" > x &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'line numbers in --check output are correct' '
+
+	echo "" > x &&
+	echo "foo(); " >> x &&
+	git diff --check | grep "x:2:"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkdiff detects new trailing blank lines (1)' '
+	echo "foo();" >x &&
+	echo "" >>x &&
+	git diff --check | grep "new blank line"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkdiff detects new trailing blank lines (2)' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo; echo; } >x &&
+	git add x &&
+	{ echo a; echo; echo; echo; echo; } >x &&
+	git diff --check | grep "new blank line"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkdiff allows new blank lines' '
+	git checkout x &&
+	mv x y &&
+	(
+		echo "/* This is new */" &&
+		echo "" &&
+		cat y
+	) >x &&
+	git diff --check
+'
+
+cat <<EOF >expect
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'whitespace-only changes not reported' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >x "hello world" &&
+	git add x &&
+	git commit -m "hello 1" &&
+	echo >x "hello  world" &&
+	git diff -b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combined diff with autocrlf conversion' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >x hello &&
+	git commit -m "one side" x &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	echo >x goodbye &&
+	git commit -m "the other side" x &&
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+
+	git diff | sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" >actual &&
+	! grep "^-" actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..55eb5f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Quoting paths in diff output.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+P0='pathname'
+P1='pathname	with HT'
+P2='pathname with SP'
+P3='pathname
+with LF'
+: 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1" || {
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames, test skipped.'
+	test_done
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo P0.0 >"$P0.0" &&
+	echo P0.1 >"$P0.1" &&
+	echo P0.2 >"$P0.2" &&
+	echo P0.3 >"$P0.3" &&
+	echo P1.0 >"$P1.0" &&
+	echo P1.2 >"$P1.2" &&
+	echo P1.3 >"$P1.3" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git mv "$P0.0" "R$P0.0" &&
+	git mv "$P0.1" "R$P1.0" &&
+	git mv "$P0.2" "R$P2.0" &&
+	git mv "$P0.3" "R$P3.0" &&
+	git mv "$P1.0" "R$P0.1" &&
+	git mv "$P1.2" "R$P2.1" &&
+	git mv "$P1.3" "R$P3.1" &&
+	:
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ rename pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0" (100%)
+ rename pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0" (100%)
+ rename "pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1" (100%)
+ rename pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0 (100%)
+ rename "pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1 (100%)
+ rename pathname.0 => Rpathname.0 (100%)
+ rename "pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1 (100%)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
+	git diff --summary -M HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"            |    0
+ pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"            |    0
+ "pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1" |    0
+ pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0               |    0
+ "pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1    |    0
+ pathname.0 => Rpathname.0                       |    0
+ "pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1            |    0
+ 7 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
+	git diff --stat -M HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh b/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..60dd201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4017-diff-retval.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Return value of diffs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo 1 >a &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+	echo 2 >b &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -a -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD' '
+	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
+	test $? = 1
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- a' '
+	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD -- a
+	test $? = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
+	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD -- b
+	test $? = 1
+'
+test_expect_success 'echo HEAD | git diff-tree --stdin' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) | git diff-tree --exit-code --stdin
+	test $? = 1
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD HEAD' '
+	git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD HEAD
+	test $? = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
+	git diff-files --exit-code
+	test $? = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
+	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
+	test $? = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
+	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD^
+	test $? = 1
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
+	echo text >>b &&
+	echo 3 >c &&
+	git add . && {
+		git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD^
+		test $? = 1
+	}
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
+	git commit -m "text in b" && {
+		git diff-tree -p --exit-code -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b
+		test $? = 1
+	}
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
+	git diff-tree -p --exit-code -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b
+	test $? = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
+	echo 3 >>c && {
+		git diff-files --exit-code
+		test $? = 1
+	}
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
+	git update-index c && {
+		git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
+		test $? = 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--check --exit-code returns 0 for no difference' '
+
+	git diff --check --exit-code
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--check --exit-code returns 1 for a clean difference' '
+
+	echo "good" > a &&
+	git diff --check --exit-code
+	test $? = 1
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--check --exit-code returns 3 for a dirty difference' '
+
+	echo "bad   " >> a &&
+	git diff --check --exit-code
+	test $? = 3
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--check with --no-pager returns 2 for dirty difference' '
+
+	git --no-pager diff --check
+	test $? = 2
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'check should test not just the last line' '
+	echo "" >>a &&
+	git --no-pager diff --check
+	test $? = 2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check detects leftover conflict markers' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	echo binary >>b &&
+	git commit -m "side" b &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git add b && (
+		git --no-pager diff --cached --check >test.out
+		test $? = 2
+	) &&
+	test 3 = $(grep "conflict marker" test.out | wc -l) &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5b10e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test custom diff function name patterns'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+LF='
+'
+
+cat > Beer.java << EOF
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n"
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
+EOF
+
+sed 's/beer\\/beer,\\/' < Beer.java > Beer-correct.java
+
+builtin_patterns="bibtex cpp html java objc pascal php python ruby tex"
+for p in $builtin_patterns
+do
+	test_expect_success "builtin $p pattern compiles" '
+		echo "*.java diff=$p" > .gitattributes &&
+		! ( git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>&1 |
+			grep "fatal" > /dev/null )
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'default behaviour' '
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java |
+	grep "^@@.*@@ public class Beer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preset java pattern' '
+	echo "*.java diff=java" >.gitattributes &&
+	git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java |
+	grep "^@@.*@@ public static void main("
+'
+
+git config diff.java.funcname '!static
+!String
+[^ 	].*s.*'
+
+test_expect_success 'custom pattern' '
+	git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java |
+	grep "^@@.*@@ int special;$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'last regexp must not be negated' '
+	git config diff.java.funcname "!static" &&
+	git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>&1 |
+	grep "fatal: Last expression must not be negated:"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pattern which matches to end of line' '
+	git config diff.java.funcname "Beer$" &&
+	git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java |
+	grep "^@@.*@@ Beer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alternation in pattern' '
+	git config diff.java.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
+	git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java |
+	grep "^@@.*@@ public static void main("
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh b/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f6d1f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4019-diff-wserror.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff whitespace error detection'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	git config diff.color.whitespace "blue reverse" &&
+	>F &&
+	git add F &&
+	echo "         Eight SP indent" >>F &&
+	echo " 	HT and SP indent" >>F &&
+	echo "With trailing SP " >>F &&
+	echo "Carriage ReturnQ" | tr Q "\015" >>F &&
+	echo "No problem" >>F &&
+	echo >>F
+
+'
+
+blue_grep='7;34m' ;# ESC [ 7 ; 3 4 m
+
+printf "\033[%s" "$blue_grep" >check-grep
+if (grep "$blue_grep" <check-grep | grep "$blue_grep") >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	grep_a=grep
+elif (grep -a "$blue_grep" <check-grep | grep -a "$blue_grep") >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	grep_a='grep -a'
+else
+	grep_a=grep ;# expected to fail...
+fi
+rm -f check-grep
+
+prepare_output () {
+	git diff --color >output
+	$grep_a "$blue_grep" output >error
+	$grep_a -v "$blue_grep" output >normal
+}
+
+test_expect_success default '
+
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return error >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without -trail' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace -trail
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without -trail (attribute)' '
+
+	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	echo "F whitespace=-trail" >.gitattributes
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without -space' '
+
+	rm -f .gitattributes
+	git config core.whitespace -space
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return error >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without -space (attribute)' '
+
+	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	echo "F whitespace=-space" >.gitattributes
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return error >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with indent-non-tab only' '
+
+	rm -f .gitattributes
+	git config core.whitespace indent,-trailing,-space
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight error >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with indent-non-tab only (attribute)' '
+
+	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	echo "F whitespace=indent,-trailing,-space" >.gitattributes
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight error >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep With normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with cr-at-eol' '
+
+	rm -f .gitattributes
+	git config core.whitespace cr-at-eol
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with cr-at-eol (attribute)' '
+
+	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	echo "F whitespace=trailing,cr-at-eol" >.gitattributes
+	prepare_output
+
+	grep Eight normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep HT error >/dev/null &&
+	grep With error >/dev/null &&
+	grep Return normal >/dev/null &&
+	grep No normal >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing empty lines (1)' '
+
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --check >output &&
+	grep "new blank line at" output &&
+	grep "trailing whitespace" output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing empty lines (2)' '
+
+	echo "F -whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	git diff --check >output &&
+	! test -s output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not color trailing cr in context' '
+	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	echo AAAQ | tr Q "\015" >G &&
+	git add G &&
+	echo BBBQ | tr Q "\015" >>G
+	git diff --color G | tr "\015" Q >output &&
+	grep "BBB.*${blue_grep}Q" output &&
+	grep "AAA.*\[mQ" output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'color new trailing blank lines' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo; echo; } >x &&
+	git add x &&
+	{ echo a; echo; echo; echo; echo c; echo; echo; echo; echo; } >x &&
+	git diff --color x >output &&
+	cnt=$($grep_a "${blue_grep}" output | wc -l) &&
+	test $cnt = 2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a7602cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='external diff interface test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+_z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo initial >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo second >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo third >file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF environment' '
+
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z100644 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF environment should apply only to diff' '
+
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git log -p -1 HEAD |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF environment and --no-ext-diff' '
+
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff --no-ext-diff |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff attribute' '
+
+	git config diff.parrot.command echo &&
+
+	echo >.gitattributes "file diff=parrot" &&
+
+	git diff | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z100644 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff attribute should apply only to diff' '
+
+	git log -p -1 HEAD |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff attribute and --no-ext-diff' '
+
+	git diff --no-ext-diff |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff attribute' '
+
+	git config --unset diff.parrot.command &&
+	git config diff.color.command echo &&
+
+	echo >.gitattributes "file diff=color" &&
+
+	git diff | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z100644 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff attribute should apply only to diff' '
+
+	git log -p -1 HEAD |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff attribute and --no-ext-diff' '
+
+	git diff --no-ext-diff |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no diff with -diff' '
+	echo >.gitattributes "file -diff" &&
+	git diff | grep Binary
+'
+
+echo NULZbetweenZwords | perl -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file
+
+test_expect_success 'force diff with "diff"' '
+	echo >.gitattributes "file diff" &&
+	git diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4020/diff.NUL actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF with more than one changed files' '
+	echo anotherfile > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m "added 2nd file" &&
+	echo modified >file2 &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF generates pretty paths' '
+	touch file.ext &&
+	git add file.ext &&
+	echo with extension > file.ext &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff file.ext | grep ......_file\.ext &&
+	git update-index --force-remove file.ext &&
+	rm file.ext
+'
+
+echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-diff.sh
+cat >> fake-diff.sh <<\EOF
+cat $2 >> crlfed.txt
+EOF
+chmod a+x fake-diff.sh
+
+keep_only_cr () {
+	tr -dc '\015'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'external diff with autocrlf = true' '
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./fake-diff.sh git diff &&
+	test $(wc -l < crlfed.txt) = $(cat crlfed.txt | keep_only_cr | wc -c)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
+	git add file &&
+	git update-index --assume-unchanged file &&
+	echo second >file &&
+	git diff --cached >actual &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4020/diff.NUL actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4020/diff.NUL b/t/t4020/diff.NUL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db2f890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4020/diff.NUL
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh b/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..709b323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4021-format-patch-numbered.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Brian C Gernhardt
+#
+
+test_description='Format-patch numbering options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo A > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m First &&
+
+	echo B >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m Second &&
+
+	echo C >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m Third
+
+'
+
+# Each of these gets used multiple times.
+
+test_num_no_numbered() {
+	cnt=$(grep "^Subject: \[PATCH\]" $1 | wc -l) &&
+	test $cnt = $2
+}
+
+test_single_no_numbered() {
+	test_num_no_numbered $1 1
+}
+
+test_no_numbered() {
+	test_num_no_numbered $1 2
+}
+
+test_single_numbered() {
+	grep "^Subject: \[PATCH 1/1\]" $1
+}
+
+test_numbered() {
+	grep "^Subject: \[PATCH 1/2\]" $1 &&
+	grep "^Subject: \[PATCH 2/2\]" $1
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'single patch defaults to no numbers' '
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD~1 >patch0.single &&
+	test_single_no_numbered patch0.single
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple patch defaults to numbered' '
+
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD~2 >patch0.multiple &&
+	test_numbered patch0.multiple
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Use --numbered' '
+
+	git format-patch --numbered --stdout HEAD~1 >patch1 &&
+	test_single_numbered patch1
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered = true' '
+
+	git config format.numbered true &&
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD~2 >patch2 &&
+	test_numbered patch2
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered && single patch' '
+
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ > patch3 &&
+	test_single_numbered patch3
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered && --no-numbered' '
+
+	git format-patch --no-numbered --stdout HEAD~2 >patch4 &&
+	test_no_numbered patch4
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered && --keep-subject' '
+
+	git format-patch --keep-subject --stdout HEAD^ >patch4a &&
+	grep "^Subject: Third" patch4a
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered = auto' '
+
+	git config format.numbered auto
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD~2 > patch5 &&
+	test_numbered patch5
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered = auto && single patch' '
+
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ > patch6 &&
+	test_single_no_numbered patch6
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.numbered = auto && --no-numbered' '
+
+	git format-patch --no-numbered --stdout HEAD~2 > patch7 &&
+	test_no_numbered patch7
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--start-number && --numbered' '
+
+	git format-patch --start-number 3 --numbered --stdout HEAD~1 > patch8 &&
+	grep "^Subject: \[PATCH 3/3\]" patch8
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2a537a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rewrite diff'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >test &&
+	git add test &&
+	tr \
+	  "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" \
+	  "nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM" \
+	  <"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >test
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect rewrite' '
+
+	actual=$(git diff-files -B --summary test) &&
+	expr "$actual" : " rewrite test ([0-9]*%)$" || {
+		echo "Eh? <<$actual>>"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9bdf659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='typechange rename detection'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	rm -f foo bar &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
+	ln -s linklink bar &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m Initial &&
+	git tag one &&
+
+	rm -f foo bar &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
+	ln -s linklink foo &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m Second &&
+	git tag two &&
+
+	rm -f foo bar &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -a -m Third &&
+	git tag three &&
+
+	mv foo bar &&
+	ln -s linklink foo &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m Fourth &&
+	git tag four &&
+
+	# This is purely for sanity check
+
+	rm -f foo bar &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >bar &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m Fifth &&
+	git tag five &&
+
+	rm -f foo bar &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >foo &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m Sixth &&
+	git tag six
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
+
+	git diff-tree five six -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "R100	foo	bar"
+		echo "R100	bar	foo"
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
+
+	git diff-tree one two -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "R100	foo	bar"
+		echo "R100	bar	foo"
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
+
+	git diff-tree three four -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "R100	foo	bar"
+		echo "T100	foo"
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4d733f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='common tail optimization'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+z=zzzzzzzz ;# 8
+z="$z$z$z$z$z$z$z$z" ;# 64
+z="$z$z$z$z$z$z$z$z" ;# 512
+z="$z$z$z$z" ;# 2048
+z2047=$(expr "$z" : '.\(.*\)') ; #2047
+
+x=zzzzzzzzzz			;# 10
+y="$x$x$x$x$x$x$x$x$x$x"	;# 100
+z="$y$y$y$y$y$y$y$y$y$y"	;# 1000
+z1000=$z
+z100=$y
+z10=$x
+
+zs() {
+	count="$1"
+	while test "$count" -ge 1000
+	do
+		count=$(($count - 1000))
+		printf "%s" $z1000
+	done
+	while test "$count" -ge 100
+	do
+		count=$(($count - 100))
+		printf "%s" $z100
+	done
+	while test "$count" -ge 10
+	do
+		count=$(($count - 10))
+		printf "%s" $z10
+	done
+	while test "$count" -ge 1
+	do
+		count=$(($count - 1))
+		printf "z"
+	done
+}
+
+zc () {
+	sed -e "/^index/d" \
+		-e "s/$z1000/Q/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQQ/Z9000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQ/Z8000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQ/Z7000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQ/Z6000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQ/Z5000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQ/Z4000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQ/Z3000/g" \
+		-e "s/QQ/Z2000/g" \
+		-e "s/Q/Z1000/g" \
+		-e "s/$z100/Q/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQQ/Z900/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQ/Z800/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQ/Z700/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQ/Z600/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQ/Z500/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQ/Z400/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQ/Z300/g" \
+		-e "s/QQ/Z200/g" \
+		-e "s/Q/Z100/g" \
+		-e "s/000Z//g" \
+		-e "s/$z10/Q/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQQ/Z90/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQ/Z80/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQ/Z70/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQ/Z60/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQ/Z50/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQ/Z40/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQ/Z30/g" \
+		-e "s/QQ/Z20/g" \
+		-e "s/Q/Z10/g" \
+		-e "s/00Z//g" \
+		-e "s/z/Q/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQQ/Z9/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQQ/Z8/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQQ/Z7/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQQ/Z6/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQQ/Z5/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQQ/Z4/g" \
+		-e "s/QQQ/Z3/g" \
+		-e "s/QQ/Z2/g" \
+		-e "s/Q/Z1/g" \
+		-e "s/0Z//g" \
+	;
+}
+
+expect_pattern () {
+	cnt="$1"
+	cat <<EOF
+diff --git a/file-a$cnt b/file-a$cnt
+--- a/file-a$cnt
++++ b/file-a$cnt
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Z${cnt}a
++Z${cnt}A
+diff --git a/file-b$cnt b/file-b$cnt
+--- a/file-b$cnt
++++ b/file-b$cnt
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-b
++B
+diff --git a/file-c$cnt b/file-c$cnt
+--- a/file-c$cnt
++++ b/file-c$cnt
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-cZ$cnt
+\ No newline at end of file
++CZ$cnt
+\ No newline at end of file
+diff --git a/file-d$cnt b/file-d$cnt
+--- a/file-d$cnt
++++ b/file-d$cnt
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-d
++D
+EOF
+}
+
+sample='1023 1024 1025 2047 4095'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for n in $sample
+	do
+		( zs $n ; echo a ) >file-a$n &&
+		( echo b; zs $n; echo ) >file-b$n &&
+		( printf c; zs $n ) >file-c$n &&
+		( echo d; zs $n ) >file-d$n &&
+
+		git add file-a$n file-b$n file-c$n file-d$n &&
+
+		( zs $n ; echo A ) >file-a$n &&
+		( echo B; zs $n; echo ) >file-b$n &&
+		( printf C; zs $n ) >file-c$n &&
+		( echo D; zs $n ) >file-d$n &&
+
+		expect_pattern $n || break
+
+	done >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff -U0' '
+
+	for n in $sample
+	do
+		git diff -U0 file-?$n
+	done | zc >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4025-hunk-header.sh b/t/t4025-hunk-header.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7a3dbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4025-hunk-header.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff hunk header truncation'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+N='日本語'
+N1='日'
+N2='日本'
+NS="$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N"
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	(
+		echo "A $NS"
+		for c in B C D E F G H I J K
+		do
+			echo "  $c"
+		done
+		echo "L  $NS"
+		for c in M N O P Q R S T U V
+		do
+			echo "  $c"
+		done
+	) >file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	sed -e "/^  [EP]/s/$/ modified/" <file >file+ &&
+	mv file+ file
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hunk header truncation with an overly long line' '
+
+	git diff | sed -n -e "s/^.*@@//p" >actual &&
+	(
+		echo " A $N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N2"
+		echo " L  $N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N1"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4026-color.sh b/t/t4026-color.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5ade44c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4026-color.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Timo Hirvonen
+#
+
+test_description='Test diff/status color escape codes'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+color()
+{
+	git config diff.color.new "$1" &&
+	test "`git config --get-color diff.color.new`" = "$2"
+}
+
+invalid_color()
+{
+	git config diff.color.new "$1" &&
+	test -z "`git config --get-color diff.color.new 2>/dev/null`"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'reset' '
+	color "reset" "[m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attribute before color name' '
+	color "bold red" "[1;31m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'color name before attribute' '
+	color "red bold" "[1;31m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attr fg bg' '
+	color "ul blue red" "[4;34;41m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fg attr bg' '
+	color "blue ul red" "[4;34;41m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fg bg attr' '
+	color "blue red ul" "[4;34;41m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '256 colors' '
+	color "254 bold 255" "[1;38;5;254;48;5;255m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'color too small' '
+	invalid_color "-2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'color too big' '
+	invalid_color "256"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extra character after color number' '
+	invalid_color "3X"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extra character after color name' '
+	invalid_color "redX"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extra character after attribute' '
+	invalid_color "dimX"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (diff)' '
+	git config --unset diff.color.new
+	git config color.diff.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white &&
+	git diff --color
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (branch)' '
+	git config color.branch.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white &&
+	git branch -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (status)' '
+	git config color.status.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white || exit
+	git status
+	case $? in 0|1) : ok ;; *) false ;; esac
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..83c1914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='difference in submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
+
+_z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	test_create_repo sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		echo hello >world &&
+		git add world &&
+		git commit -m submodule
+	) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo frotz >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol sub &&
+	git commit -m superproject &&
+
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		echo goodbye >world &&
+		git add world &&
+		git commit -m "submodule #2"
+	) &&
+
+	set x $(
+		cd sub &&
+		git rev-list HEAD
+	) &&
+	echo ":160000 160000 $3 $_z40 M	sub" >expect &&
+	subtip=$3 subprev=$2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --raw HEAD' '
+	git diff --raw --abbrev=40 HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --raw HEAD' '
+	git diff-index --raw HEAD >actual.index &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.index
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --raw' '
+	git diff-files --raw >actual.files &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.files
+'
+
+expect_from_to () {
+	printf "%sSubproject commit %s\n+Subproject commit %s\n" \
+		"-" "$1" "$2"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD' '
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (work tree)' '
+	echo >>sub/world &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (index)' '
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		echo >>world &&
+		git add world
+	) &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (untracked)' '
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git clean -qfdx &&
+		>cruft
+	) &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (work tree, refs match)' '
+	git commit -m "x" sub &&
+	echo >>sub/world &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (index, refs match)' '
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		echo >>world &&
+		git add world
+	) &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (untracked, refs match)' '
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git clean -qfdx &&
+		>cruft
+	) &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff (empty submodule dir)' '
+	: >empty &&
+	rm -rf sub/* sub/.git &&
+	git diff > actual.empty &&
+	test_cmp empty actual.empty
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflicted submodule setup' '
+
+	# 39 efs
+	c=fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+	(
+		echo "000000 $_z40 0	sub"
+		echo "160000 1$c 1	sub"
+		echo "160000 2$c 2	sub"
+		echo "160000 3$c 3	sub"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	echo >expect.nosub '\''diff --cc sub
+index 2ffffff,3ffffff..0000000
+--- a/sub
++++ b/sub
+@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,1 @@@
+- Subproject commit 2fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+ -Subproject commit 3fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+++Subproject commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000'\'' &&
+
+	hh=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	sed -e "s/$_z40/$hh/" expect.nosub >expect.withsub
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combined (empty submodule)' '
+	rm -fr sub && mkdir sub &&
+	git diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.nosub actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combined (with submodule)' '
+	rm -fr sub &&
+	git clone --no-checkout . sub &&
+	git diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.withsub actual
+'
+
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4028-format-patch-mime-headers.sh b/t/t4028-format-patch-mime-headers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..204ba67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4028-format-patch-mime-headers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='format-patch mime headers and extra headers do not conflict'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with utf-8 body' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m "two
+
+	utf-8 body: ñ"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch has mime headers' '
+	rm -f 0001-two.patch &&
+	git format-patch HEAD^ &&
+	grep -i "content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8" 0001-two.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch has mime and extra headers' '
+	rm -f 0001-two.patch &&
+	git config format.headers "x-foo: bar" &&
+	git format-patch HEAD^ &&
+	grep -i "x-foo: bar" 0001-two.patch &&
+	grep -i "content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8" 0001-two.patch
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh b/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3ccc237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4029-diff-trailing-space.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) Jim Meyering
+#
+test_description='diff honors config option, diff.suppressBlankEmpty'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat <<\EOF > exp ||
+diff --git a/f b/f
+index 5f6a263..8cb8bae 100644
+--- a/f
++++ b/f
+@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
+
+-x
++y
+EOF
+exit 1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    "$test_description" \
+    'printf "\nx\n" > f &&
+     git add f &&
+     git commit -q -m. f &&
+     printf "\ny\n" > f &&
+     git config --bool diff.suppressBlankEmpty true &&
+     git diff f > actual &&
+     test_cmp exp actual &&
+     perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^\$/ /" exp &&
+     git config --bool diff.suppressBlankEmpty false &&
+     git diff f > actual &&
+     test_cmp exp actual &&
+     git config --bool --unset diff.suppressBlankEmpty &&
+     git diff f > actual &&
+     test_cmp exp actual
+     '
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..88c5619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff.*.textconv tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+find_diff() {
+	sed '1,/^index /d' | sed '/^-- $/,$d'
+}
+
+cat >expect.binary <<'EOF'
+Binary files a/file and b/file differ
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.text <<'EOF'
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+ 0
++1
+EOF
+
+cat >hexdump <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+EOF
+chmod +x hexdump
+
+test_expect_success 'setup binary file with history' '
+	printf "\\0\\n" >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	printf "\\01\\n" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file is considered binary by porcelain' '
+	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file is considered binary by plumbing' '
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup textconv filters' '
+	echo file diff=foo >.gitattributes &&
+	git config diff.foo.textconv "\"$(pwd)\""/hexdump &&
+	git config diff.fail.textconv false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff produces text' '
+	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.text actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree produces binary' '
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log produces text' '
+	git log -1 -p >log &&
+	find_diff <log >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.text actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch produces binary' '
+	git format-patch --no-binary --stdout HEAD^ >patch &&
+	find_diff <patch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -v produces text' '
+	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
+	git status -v >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.text actual &&
+	git reset --soft HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+cat >expect.stat <<'EOF'
+ file |  Bin 2 -> 4 bytes
+ 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'diffstat does not run textconv' '
+	echo file diff=fail >.gitattributes &&
+	git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.stat actual
+'
+# restore working setup
+echo file diff=foo >.gitattributes
+
+cat >expect.typechange <<'EOF'
+--- a/file
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
+-0
+-1
+diff --git a/file b/file
+new file mode 120000
+index 0000000..67be421
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++frotz
+\ No newline at end of file
+EOF
+# make a symlink the hard way that works on symlink-challenged file systems
+test_expect_success 'textconv does not act on symlinks' '
+	printf frotz > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git ls-files -s | sed -e s/100644/120000/ |
+		git update-index --index-info &&
+	git commit -m typechange &&
+	git show >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.typechange actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7e7b307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rewrite diff on binary file'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We must be large enough to meet the MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE
+# requirement.
+make_file() {
+	# common first line to help identify rewrite versus regular diff
+	printf "=\n" >file
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+	do
+		for j in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			for k in 1 2 3 4 5
+			do
+				printf "$1\n"
+			done
+		done
+	done >>file
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'create binary file with changes' '
+	make_file "\\0" &&
+	git add file &&
+	make_file "\\01"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla diff is binary' '
+	git diff >diff &&
+	grep "Binary files a/file and b/file differ" diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite diff is binary' '
+	git diff -B >diff &&
+	grep "dissimilarity index" diff &&
+	grep "Binary files a/file and b/file differ" diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite diff can show binary patch' '
+	git diff -B --binary >diff &&
+	grep "dissimilarity index" diff &&
+	grep "GIT binary patch" diff
+'
+
+{
+	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
+	cat <<'EOF'
+perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+EOF
+} >dump
+chmod +x dump
+
+test_expect_success 'setup textconv' '
+	echo file diff=foo >.gitattributes &&
+	git config diff.foo.textconv "\"$(pwd)\""/dump
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite diff respects textconv' '
+	git diff -B >diff &&
+	grep "dissimilarity index" diff &&
+	grep "^-61" diff &&
+	grep "^-0" diff
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4032-diff-inter-hunk-context.sh b/t/t4032-diff-inter-hunk-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e4e3e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4032-diff-inter-hunk-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff hunk fusing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+f() {
+	echo $1
+	i=1
+	while test $i -le $2
+	do
+		echo $i
+		i=$(expr $i + 1)
+	done
+	echo $3
+}
+
+t() {
+	case $# in
+	4) hunks=$4; cmd="diff -U$3";;
+	5) hunks=$5; cmd="diff -U$3 --inter-hunk-context=$4";;
+	esac
+	label="$cmd, $1 common $2"
+	file=f$1
+	expected=expected.$file.$3.$hunks
+
+	if ! test -f $file
+	then
+		f A $1 B >$file
+		git add $file
+		git commit -q -m. $file
+		f X $1 Y >$file
+	fi
+
+	test_expect_success "$label: count hunks ($hunks)" "
+		test $(git $cmd $file | grep '^@@ ' | wc -l) = $hunks
+	"
+
+	test -f $expected &&
+	test_expect_success "$label: check output" "
+		git $cmd $file | grep -v '^index ' >actual &&
+		test_cmp $expected actual
+	"
+}
+
+cat <<EOF >expected.f1.0.1 || exit 1
+diff --git a/f1 b/f1
+--- a/f1
++++ b/f1
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+-A
++X
+ 1
+-B
++Y
+EOF
+
+cat <<EOF >expected.f1.0.2 || exit 1
+diff --git a/f1 b/f1
+--- a/f1
++++ b/f1
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-A
++X
+@@ -3 +3 @@ A
+-B
++Y
+EOF
+
+# common lines	ctx	intrctx	hunks
+t 1 line	0		2
+t 1 line	0	0	2
+t 1 line	0	1	1
+t 1 line	0	2	1
+t 1 line	1		1
+
+t 2 lines	0		2
+t 2 lines	0	0	2
+t 2 lines	0	1	2
+t 2 lines	0	2	1
+t 2 lines	1		1
+
+t 3 lines	1		2
+t 3 lines	1	0	2
+t 3 lines	1	1	1
+t 3 lines	1	2	1
+
+t 9 lines	3		2
+t 9 lines	3	2	2
+t 9 lines	3	3	1
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4033-diff-patience.sh b/t/t4033-diff-patience.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1eb1498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4033-diff-patience.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='patience diff algorithm'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >file1 <<\EOF
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+// Frobs foo heartily
+int frobnitz(int foo)
+{
+    int i;
+    for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
+        printf("Your answer is: ");
+        printf("%d\n", foo);
+    }
+}
+
+int fact(int n)
+{
+    if(n > 1)
+    {
+        return fact(n-1) * n;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    frobnitz(fact(10));
+}
+EOF
+
+cat >file2 <<\EOF
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int fib(int n)
+{
+    if(n > 2)
+    {
+        return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// Frobs foo heartily
+int frobnitz(int foo)
+{
+    int i;
+    for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
+        printf("%d\n", foo);
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    frobnitz(fib(10));
+}
+EOF
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+diff --git a/file1 b/file2
+index 6faa5a3..e3af329 100644
+--- a/file1
++++ b/file2
+@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
++int fib(int n)
++{
++    if(n > 2)
++    {
++        return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
++    }
++    return 1;
++}
++
+ // Frobs foo heartily
+ int frobnitz(int foo)
+ {
+     int i;
+     for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+     {
+-        printf("Your answer is: ");
+         printf("%d\n", foo);
+     }
+ }
+ 
+-int fact(int n)
+-{
+-    if(n > 1)
+-    {
+-        return fact(n-1) * n;
+-    }
+-    return 1;
+-}
+-
+ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ {
+-    frobnitz(fact(10));
++    frobnitz(fib(10));
+ }
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'patience diff' '
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --no-index --patience file1 file2 > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patience diff output is valid' '
+
+	mv file2 expect &&
+	git apply < output &&
+	test_cmp expect file2
+
+'
+
+cat >uniq1 <<\EOF
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+EOF
+
+cat >uniq2 <<\EOF
+a
+b
+c
+d
+e
+f
+EOF
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+diff --git a/uniq1 b/uniq2
+index b414108..0fdf397 100644
+--- a/uniq1
++++ b/uniq2
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-4
+-5
+-6
++a
++b
++c
++d
++e
++f
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'completely different files' '
+
+	test_must_fail git diff --no-index --patience uniq1 uniq2 > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e2e103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='word diff colors'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	git config diff.color.old red
+	git config diff.color.new green
+	git config diff.color.func magenta
+
+'
+
+word_diff () {
+	test_must_fail git diff --no-index "$@" pre post > output &&
+	test_decode_color <output >output.decrypted &&
+	test_cmp expect output.decrypted
+}
+
+cat > pre <<\EOF
+h(4)
+
+a = b + c
+EOF
+
+cat > post <<\EOF
+h(4),hh[44]
+
+a = b + c
+
+aa = a
+
+aeff = aeff * ( aaa )
+EOF
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index 330b04f..5ed8eff 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@<RESET>
+<RED>h(4)<RESET><GREEN>h(4),hh[44]<RESET>
+
+a = b + c<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aa = a<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aeff = aeff * ( aaa )<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'word diff with runs of whitespace' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words
+
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index 330b04f..5ed8eff 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1 +1 @@<RESET>
+<RED>h(4)<RESET><GREEN>h(4),hh[44]<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@<RESET> <RESET><MAGENTA>a = b + c<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aa = a<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aeff = aeff * ( aaa )<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'word diff without context' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words --unified=0
+
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index 330b04f..5ed8eff 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@<RESET>
+h(4),<GREEN>hh<RESET>[44]
+
+a = b + c<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aa = a<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aeff = aeff * ( aaa<RESET> )
+EOF
+cp expect expect.letter-runs-are-words
+
+test_expect_success 'word diff with a regular expression' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words="[a-z]+"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set a diff driver' '
+	git config diff.testdriver.wordRegex "[^[:space:]]" &&
+	cat <<EOF > .gitattributes
+pre diff=testdriver
+post diff=testdriver
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option overrides .gitattributes' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words="[a-z]+"
+
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index 330b04f..5ed8eff 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@<RESET>
+h(4)<GREEN>,hh[44]<RESET>
+
+a = b + c<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aa = a<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aeff = aeff * ( aaa )<RESET>
+EOF
+cp expect expect.non-whitespace-is-word
+
+test_expect_success 'use regex supplied by driver' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set diff.wordRegex option' '
+	git config diff.wordRegex "[[:alnum:]]+"
+'
+
+cp expect.letter-runs-are-words expect
+
+test_expect_success 'command-line overrides config' '
+	word_diff --color-words="[a-z]+"
+'
+
+cp expect.non-whitespace-is-word expect
+
+test_expect_success '.gitattributes override config' '
+	word_diff --color-words
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove diff driver regex' '
+	git config --unset diff.testdriver.wordRegex
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index 330b04f..5ed8eff 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@<RESET>
+h(4),<GREEN>hh[44<RESET>]
+
+a = b + c<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aa = a<RESET>
+
+<GREEN>aeff = aeff * ( aaa<RESET> )
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'use configured regex' '
+	word_diff --color-words
+'
+
+echo 'aaa (aaa)' > pre
+echo 'aaa (aaa) aaa' > post
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index c29453b..be22f37 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1 +1 @@<RESET>
+aaa (aaa) <GREEN>aaa<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test parsing words for newline' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words="a+"
+
+
+'
+
+echo '(:' > pre
+echo '(' > post
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+<WHITE>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<WHITE>index 289cb9d..2d06f37 100644<RESET>
+<WHITE>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<WHITE>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1 +1 @@<RESET>
+(<RED>:<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test when words are only removed at the end' '
+
+	word_diff --color-words=.
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e747e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Return value of diffs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo 1 >a &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+	echo 2 >b &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -a -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD' '
+	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD >cnt
+	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- a' '
+	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- a >cnt
+	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
+	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
+	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+# this diff outputs one line: sha1 of the given head
+test_expect_success 'echo HEAD | git diff-tree --stdin' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) | git diff-tree --quiet --stdin >cnt
+	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 1
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD HEAD' '
+	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD HEAD >cnt
+	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
+	git diff-files --quiet >cnt
+	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt
+	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
+	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt
+	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
+	echo text >>b &&
+	echo 3 >c &&
+	git add . && {
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt
+		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	}
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
+	git commit -m "text in b" && {
+		git diff-tree --quiet -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
+		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	}
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
+	git diff-tree --quiet -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
+	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
+	echo 3 >>c && {
+		git diff-files --quiet >cnt
+		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	}
+'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
+	git update-index c && {
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt
+		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	}
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh b/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ba43f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='format-patch -s should force MIME encoding as needed'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>F &&
+	git add F &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo new line >F &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "This adds some lines to F" F
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format normally' '
+
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
+	! grep Content-Type output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format with signoff without funny signer name' '
+
+	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 >output &&
+	! grep Content-Type output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format with non ASCII signer name' '
+
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="はまの ふにおう" \
+	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 >output &&
+	grep Content-Type output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attach and signoff do not duplicate mime headers' '
+
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="はまの ふにおう" \
+	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 --attach >output &&
+	test `grep -ci ^MIME-Version: output` = 1
+
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t4037-diff-r-t-dirs.sh b/t/t4037-diff-r-t-dirs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f5ce3b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4037-diff-r-t-dirs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff -r -t shows directory additions and deletions'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir dc dr dt &&
+	>dc/1 &&
+	>dr/2 &&
+	>dt/3 &&
+	>fc &&
+	>fr &&
+	>ft &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	rm -fr dt dr ft fr &&
+	mkdir da ft &&
+	for p in dc/1 da/4 dt ft/5 fc
+	do
+		echo hello >$p || exit
+	done &&
+	git add -u &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+A	da
+A	da/4
+M	dc
+M	dc/1
+D	dr
+D	dr/2
+A	dt
+D	dt
+D	dt/3
+M	fc
+D	fr
+D	ft
+A	ft
+A	ft/5
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success verify '
+	git diff-tree -r -t --name-status HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7584efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='combined diff'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_helper () {
+	one=$1 branch=$2 side=$3 &&
+
+	git branch $side $branch &&
+	for l in $one two three fyra
+	do
+		echo $l
+	done >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m $branch &&
+	git checkout $side &&
+	for l in $one two three quatro
+	do
+		echo $l
+	done >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m $side &&
+	test_must_fail git merge $branch &&
+	for l in $one three four
+	do
+		echo $l
+	done >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "merge $branch into $side"
+}
+
+verify_helper () {
+	it=$1 &&
+
+	# Ignore lines that were removed only from the other parent
+	sed -e '
+		1,/^@@@/d
+		/^ -/d
+		s/^\(.\)./\1/
+	' "$it" >"$it.actual.1" &&
+	sed -e '
+		1,/^@@@/d
+		/^- /d
+		s/^.\(.\)/\1/
+	' "$it" >"$it.actual.2" &&
+
+	git diff "$it^" "$it" -- | sed -e '1,/^@@/d' >"$it.expect.1" &&
+	test_cmp "$it.expect.1" "$it.actual.1" &&
+
+	git diff "$it^2" "$it" -- | sed -e '1,/^@@/d' >"$it.expect.2" &&
+	test_cmp "$it.expect.2" "$it.actual.2"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch withone &&
+	git branch sansone &&
+
+	git checkout withone &&
+	setup_helper one withone sidewithone &&
+
+	git checkout sansone &&
+	setup_helper "" sansone sidesansone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (1)' '
+	git show sidewithone -- >sidewithone &&
+	verify_helper sidewithone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (2)' '
+	git show sidesansone -- >sidesansone &&
+	verify_helper sidesansone
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh b/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9d9498b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff with assume-unchanged entries'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# external diff has been tested in t4020-diff-external.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo zero > zero &&
+	git add zero &&
+	git commit -m zero &&
+	echo one > one &&
+	echo two > two &&
+	git add one two &&
+	git commit -m onetwo &&
+	git update-index --assume-unchanged one &&
+	echo borked >> one &&
+	test "$(git ls-files -v one)" = "h one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index does not examine assume-unchanged entries' '
+	git diff-index HEAD^ -- one | grep -q 5626abf0f72e58d7a153368ba57db4c673c0e171
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files does not examine assume-unchanged entries' '
+	rm one &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-files -- one)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4040-whitespace-status.sh b/t/t4040-whitespace-status.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a30b03b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4040-whitespace-status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff --exit-code with whitespace'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir a b &&
+	echo >c &&
+	echo >a/d &&
+	echo >b/e &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo " " >a/d &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+	echo "  " >a/d &&
+	echo " " >b/e &&
+	git add a/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --exit-code' '
+	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree -b --exit-code' '
+	git diff -b --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD &&
+	git diff-tree -b -p --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD &&
+	git diff-tree -b --exit-code HEAD^ HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index --cached --exit-code' '
+	test_must_fail git diff --cached --exit-code HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --cached --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -b -p --cached --exit-code' '
+	git diff -b --cached --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git diff-index -b -p --cached --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index --exit-code' '
+	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -b -p --exit-code' '
+	git diff -b --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git diff-index -b -p --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files --exit-code' '
+	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-files --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files -b -p --exit-code' '
+	git diff -b --exit-code &&
+	git diff-files -b -p --exit-code
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4643054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann, based on t7401 by Ping Yin
+#
+
+test_description='Support for verbose submodule differences in git diff
+
+This test tries to verify the sanity of the --submodule option of git diff.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+add_file () {
+	sm=$1
+	shift
+	owd=$(pwd)
+	cd "$sm"
+	for name; do
+		echo "$name" > "$name" &&
+		git add "$name" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "Add $name"
+	done >/dev/null
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
+	cd "$owd"
+}
+commit_file () {
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit "$@" -m "Commit $*" >/dev/null
+}
+
+test_create_repo sm1 &&
+add_file . foo >/dev/null
+
+head1=$(add_file sm1 foo1 foo2)
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+  > Add foo3
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+  > Add foo3
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' "
+	git diff --submodule >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+  > Add foo3
+EOF
+"
+
+fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head1)
+fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head2)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' "
+	git diff --submodule=short >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+index $head1..$head2 160000
+--- a/sm1
++++ b/sm1
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Subproject commit $fullhead1
++Subproject commit $fullhead2
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+cd sm1 &&
+git reset --hard HEAD~2 >/dev/null &&
+head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
+cd ..
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
+  < Add foo3
+  < Add foo2
+EOF
+"
+
+head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
+head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
+  > Add foo5
+  > Add foo4
+  < Add foo3
+  < Add foo2
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+mv sm1 sm1-bak &&
+echo sm1 >sm1 &&
+head5=$(git hash-object sm1 | cut -c1-7) &&
+git add sm1 &&
+rm -f sm1 &&
+mv sm1-bak sm1
+
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
+	git diff --submodule=log --cached >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 41fbea9...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..9da5fb8
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/sm1
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++sm1
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 9da5fb8..0000000
+--- a/sm1
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-sm1
+Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+rm -rf sm1 &&
+git checkout-index sm1
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..$head5
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/sm1
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++sm1
+EOF
+"
+
+rm -f sm1 &&
+test_create_repo sm1 &&
+head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
+fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head6)
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+deleted file mode 100644
+index $head5..0000000
+--- a/sm1
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-sm1
+Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' "
+	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head6-dirty:
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head6-dirty:
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' "
+	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head6-dirty:
+EOF
+"
+
+(cd sm1; git commit -mchange foo6 >/dev/null) &&
+head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
+test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+  > change
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' "
+	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8-dirty:
+  > change
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8-dirty:
+  > change
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' "
+	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8-dirty:
+  > change
+EOF
+"
+
+rm -rf sm1
+test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+EOF
+"
+
+test_create_repo sm2 &&
+head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
+git add sm2
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'path filter' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD sm2 >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm2
+test_expect_success 'given commit' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD^ >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+EOF
+"
+
+fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head7)
+
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' "
+	git diff-index -p --submodule=short HEAD^ >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+deleted file mode 160000
+index $head6..0000000
+--- a/sm1
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-Subproject commit $fullhead6
+diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
+new file mode 160000
+index 0000000..$head7
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/sm2
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++Subproject commit $fullhead7
+EOF
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9b433de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply --stat --summary test, with --recount
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+UNC='s/^\(@@ -[1-9][0-9]*\),[0-9]* \(+[1-9][0-9]*\),[0-9]* @@/\1,999 \2,999 @@/'
+
+num=0
+while read title
+do
+	num=$(( $num + 1 ))
+	test_expect_success "$title" '
+		git apply --stat --summary \
+			<"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4100/t-apply-$num.patch" >current &&
+		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$title with recount" '
+		sed -e "$UNC" <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4100/t-apply-$num.patch" |
+		git apply --recount --stat --summary >current &&
+		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+rename
+copy
+rewrite
+mode
+non git (1)
+non git (2)
+non git (3)
+incomplete (1)
+incomplete (2)
+EOF
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-1.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-1.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..540e64d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-1.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+ Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt |   12 ++++++------
+ Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt |   10 +++++-----
+ Documentation/git.txt          |    6 +++---
+ Makefile                       |    6 +++---
+ ssh-pull.c                     |    4 ++--
+ ssh-push.c                     |   14 +++++++-------
+ 6 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
+ rename Documentation/{git-rpull.txt => git-ssh-pull.txt} (90%)
+ rename Documentation/{git-rpush.txt => git-ssh-push.txt} (71%)
+ rename rpull.c => ssh-pull.c (97%)
+ rename rpush.c => ssh-push.c (93%)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-1.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-1.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90ab54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-1.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+418aaf847a8b3ffffb4f777a2dd5262ca5ce0ef7 (from dc93841715dfa9a9cdda6f2c4a25eec831ea7aa0)
+diff --git a/Documentation/git-rpull.txt b/Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt
+similarity index 90%
+rename from Documentation/git-rpull.txt
+rename to Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-rpull.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt
+@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
+-git-rpull(1)
+-============
++git-ssh-pull(1)
++===============
+ v0.1, May 2005
+ 
+ NAME
+ ----
+-git-rpull - Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
++git-ssh-pull - Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ SYNOPSIS
+ --------
+-'git-rpull' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [--recover] commit-id url
++'git-ssh-pull' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [--recover] commit-id url
+ 
+ DESCRIPTION
+ -----------
+-Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection, invoking git-rpush on
+-the other end.
++Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection, invoking git-ssh-push
++on the other end.
+ 
+ OPTIONS
+ -------
+diff --git a/Documentation/git-rpush.txt b/Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt
+similarity index 71%
+rename from Documentation/git-rpush.txt
+rename to Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-rpush.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt
+@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
+-git-rpush(1)
+-============
++git-ssh-push(1)
++===============
+ v0.1, May 2005
+ 
+ NAME
+ ----
+-git-rpush - Helper "server-side" program used by git-rpull
++git-ssh-push - Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
+ 
+ 
+ SYNOPSIS
+ --------
+-'git-rpush'
++'git-ssh-push'
+ 
+ DESCRIPTION
+ -----------
+-Helper "server-side" program used by git-rpull.
++Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull.
+ 
+ 
+ Author
+diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git.txt
+@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve
+ link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
+ 	An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
+ 
+-link:git-rpull.html[git-rpull]::
++link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
+ 	Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
+ 
+ Interogators:
+@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ Interogators:
+ link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
+ 	Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
+ 
+-link:git-rpush.html[git-rpush]::
+-	Helper "server-side" program used by git-rpull
++link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
++	Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
+ 
+ 
+ 
+diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
+--- a/Makefile
++++ b/Makefile
+@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ PROG=   git-update-index git-diff-files
+ 	git-checkout-cache git-diff-tree git-rev-tree git-ls-files \
+ 	git-check-files git-ls-tree git-merge-base git-merge-cache \
+ 	git-unpack-file git-export git-diff-cache git-convert-cache \
+-	git-http-pull git-rpush git-rpull git-rev-list git-mktag \
++	git-http-pull git-ssh-push git-ssh-pull git-rev-list git-mktag \
+ 	git-diff-helper git-tar-tree git-local-pull git-write-blob \
+ 	git-get-tar-commit-id git-mkdelta git-apply git-stripspace
+ 
+@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ git-diff-cache: diff-cache.c
+ git-convert-cache: convert-cache.c
+ git-http-pull: http-pull.c pull.c
+ git-local-pull: local-pull.c pull.c
+-git-rpush: rsh.c
+-git-rpull: rsh.c pull.c
++git-ssh-push: rsh.c
++git-ssh-pull: rsh.c pull.c
+ git-rev-list: rev-list.c
+ git-mktag: mktag.c
+ git-diff-helper: diff-helper.c
+diff --git a/rpull.c b/ssh-pull.c
+similarity index 97%
+rename from rpull.c
+rename to ssh-pull.c
+--- a/rpull.c
++++ b/ssh-pull.c
+@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 		arg++;
+ 	}
+ 	if (argc < arg + 2) {
+-		usage("git-rpull [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [-d] [--recover] commit-id url");
++		usage("git-ssh-pull [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [-d] [--recover] commit-id url");
+ 		return 1;
+ 	}
+ 	commit_id = argv[arg];
+ 	url = argv[arg + 1];
+ 
+-	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-rpush", url, arg, argv + 1))
++	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-ssh-push", url, arg, argv + 1))
+ 		return 1;
+ 
+ 	if (get_version())
+diff --git a/rpush.c b/ssh-push.c
+similarity index 93%
+rename from rpush.c
+rename to ssh-push.c
+--- a/rpush.c
++++ b/ssh-push.c
+@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ int serve_object(int fd_in, int fd_out) 
+ 	do {
+ 		size = read(fd_in, sha1 + posn, 20 - posn);
+ 		if (size < 0) {
+-			perror("git-rpush: read ");
++			perror("git-ssh-push: read ");
+ 			return -1;
+ 		}
+ 		if (!size)
+@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int serve_object(int fd_in, int fd_out) 
+ 	buf = map_sha1_file(sha1, &objsize);
+ 	
+ 	if (!buf) {
+-		fprintf(stderr, "git-rpush: could not find %s\n", 
++		fprintf(stderr, "git-ssh-push: could not find %s\n", 
+ 			sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+ 		remote = -1;
+ 	}
+@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ int serve_object(int fd_in, int fd_out) 
+ 		size = write(fd_out, buf + posn, objsize - posn);
+ 		if (size <= 0) {
+ 			if (!size) {
+-				fprintf(stderr, "git-rpush: write closed");
++				fprintf(stderr, "git-ssh-push: write closed");
+ 			} else {
+-				perror("git-rpush: write ");
++				perror("git-ssh-push: write ");
+ 			}
+ 			return -1;
+ 		}
+@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void service(int fd_in, int fd_out) {
+ 		retval = read(fd_in, &type, 1);
+ 		if (retval < 1) {
+ 			if (retval < 0)
+-				perror("rpush: read ");
++				perror("git-ssh-push: read ");
+ 			return;
+ 		}
+ 		if (type == 'v' && serve_version(fd_in, fd_out))
+@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+                 arg++;
+         }
+         if (argc < arg + 2) {
+-		usage("git-rpush [-c] [-t] [-a] commit-id url");
++		usage("git-ssh-push [-c] [-t] [-a] commit-id url");
+                 return 1;
+         }
+ 	commit_id = argv[arg];
+ 	url = argv[arg + 1];
+-	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-rpull", url, arg, argv + 1))
++	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-ssh-pull", url, arg, argv + 1))
+ 		return 1;
+ 
+ 	service(fd_in, fd_out);
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-2.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-2.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1e6459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-2.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ Makefile         |    2 +-
+ git-fetch-script |    5 -----
+ git-pull-script  |   34 +---------------------------------
+ 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
+ copy git-pull-script => git-fetch-script (87%)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-2.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-2.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5c7d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-2.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+7ef76925d9c19ef74874e1735e2436e56d0c4897 (from 6b14d7faf0bad026a81a27bac07b47691f621b8f)
+diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
+--- a/Makefile
++++ b/Makefile
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ INSTALL=install
+ 
+ SCRIPTS=git-apply-patch-script git-merge-one-file-script git-prune-script \
+ 	git-pull-script git-tag-script git-resolve-script git-whatchanged \
+-	git-deltafy-script
++	git-deltafy-script git-fetch-script
+ 
+ PROG=   git-update-index git-diff-files git-init-db git-write-tree \
+ 	git-read-tree git-commit-tree git-cat-file git-fsck-cache \
+diff --git a/git-pull-script b/git-fetch-script
+similarity index 87%
+copy from git-pull-script
+copy to git-fetch-script
+--- a/git-pull-script
++++ b/git-fetch-script
+@@ -39,8 +39,3 @@ download_one "$merge_repo/$merge_name" "
+ 
+ echo "Getting object database"
+ download_objects "$merge_repo" "$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD)"
+-
+-git-resolve-script \
+-	"$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/HEAD)" \
+-	"$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD)" \
+-	"$merge_repo"
+diff --git a/git-pull-script b/git-pull-script
+--- a/git-pull-script
++++ b/git-pull-script
+@@ -6,39 +6,7 @@ merge_name=${2:-HEAD}
+ : ${GIT_DIR=.git}
+ : ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="${SHA1_FILE_DIRECTORY-"$GIT_DIR/objects"}"}
+ 
+-download_one () {
+-	# remote_path="$1" local_file="$2"
+-	case "$1" in
+-	http://*)
+-		wget -q -O "$2" "$1" ;;
+-	/*)
+-		test -f "$1" && cat >"$2" "$1" ;;
+-	*)
+-		rsync -L "$1" "$2" ;;
+-	esac
+-}
+-
+-download_objects () {
+-	# remote_repo="$1" head_sha1="$2"
+-	case "$1" in
+-	http://*)
+-		git-http-pull -a "$2" "$1/"
+-		;;
+-	/*)
+-		git-local-pull -l -a "$2" "$1/"
+-		;;
+-	*)
+-		rsync -avz --ignore-existing \
+-			"$1/objects/." "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"/.
+-		;;
+-	esac
+-}
+-
+-echo "Getting remote $merge_name"
+-download_one "$merge_repo/$merge_name" "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD
+-
+-echo "Getting object database"
+-download_objects "$merge_repo" "$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD)"
++git-fetch-script "$merge_repo" "$merge_name"
+ 
+ git-resolve-script \
+ 	"$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/HEAD)" \
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-3.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-3.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..912a552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-3.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt |   20 +-
+ ls-tree.c                     |  459 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
+ t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh   |    3 
+ tree.c                        |    2 
+ tree.h                        |    1 
+ 5 files changed, 262 insertions(+), 223 deletions(-)
+ rewrite ls-tree.c (82%)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-3.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-3.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90cdbaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-3.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+6af1f0192ff8740fe77db7cf02c739ccfbdf119c (from 2bc2564145835996734d6ed5d1880f85b17233d6)
+diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
+@@ -4,23 +4,26 @@ v0.1, May 2005
+ 
+ NAME
+ ----
+-git-ls-tree - Displays a tree object in human readable form
++git-ls-tree - Lists the contents of a tree object.
+ 
+ 
+ SYNOPSIS
+ --------
+-'git-ls-tree' [-r] [-z] <tree-ish> [paths...]
++'git-ls-tree' [-d] [-r] [-z] <tree-ish> [paths...]
+ 
+ DESCRIPTION
+ -----------
+-Converts the tree object to a human readable (and script processable)
+-form.
++Lists the contents of a tree object, like what "/bin/ls -a" does
++in the current working directory.
+ 
+ OPTIONS
+ -------
+ <tree-ish>::
+ 	Id of a tree.
+ 
++-d::
++	show only the named tree entry itself, not its children
++
+ -r::
+ 	recurse into sub-trees
+ 
+@@ -28,18 +31,19 @@ OPTIONS
+ 	\0 line termination on output
+ 
+ paths::
+-	Optionally, restrict the output of git-ls-tree to specific
+-	paths. Directories will only list their tree blob ids.
+-	Implies -r.
++	When paths are given, shows them.  Otherwise implicitly
++	uses the root level of the tree as the sole path argument.
++
+ 
+ Output Format
+ -------------
+-        <mode>\t	<type>\t	<object>\t	<file>
++        <mode> SP <type> SP <object> TAB <file>
+ 
+ 
+ Author
+ ------
+ Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
++Completely rewritten from scratch by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+ 
+ Documentation
+ --------------
+diff --git a/ls-tree.c b/ls-tree.c
+dissimilarity index 82%
+--- ls-tree.c
++++ ls-tree.c
+@@ -1,212 +1,247 @@
+-/*
+- * GIT - The information manager from hell
+- *
+- * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+- */
+-#include "cache.h"
+-
+-static int line_termination = '\n';
+-static int recursive = 0;
+-
+-struct path_prefix {
+-	struct path_prefix *prev;
+-	const char *name;
+-};
+-
+-#define DEBUG(fmt, ...)	
+-
+-static int string_path_prefix(char *buff, size_t blen, struct path_prefix *prefix)
+-{
+-	int len = 0;
+-	if (prefix) {
+-		if (prefix->prev) {
+-			len = string_path_prefix(buff,blen,prefix->prev);
+-			buff += len;
+-			blen -= len;
+-			if (blen > 0) {
+-				*buff = '/';
+-				len++;
+-				buff++;
+-				blen--;
+-			}
+-		}
+-		strncpy(buff,prefix->name,blen);
+-		return len + strlen(prefix->name);
+-	}
+-
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-static void print_path_prefix(struct path_prefix *prefix)
+-{
+-	if (prefix) {
+-		if (prefix->prev) {
+-			print_path_prefix(prefix->prev);
+-			putchar('/');
+-		}
+-		fputs(prefix->name, stdout);
+-	}
+-}
+-
+-/*
+- * return:
+- * 	-1 if prefix is *not* a subset of path
+- * 	 0 if prefix == path
+- * 	 1 if prefix is a subset of path
+- */
+-static int pathcmp(const char *path, struct path_prefix *prefix)
+-{
+-	char buff[PATH_MAX];
+-	int len,slen;
+-
+-	if (prefix == NULL)
+-		return 1;
+-
+-	len = string_path_prefix(buff, sizeof buff, prefix);
+-	slen = strlen(path);
+-
+-	if (slen < len)
+-		return -1;
+-
+-	if (strncmp(path,buff,len) == 0) {
+-		if (slen == len)
+-			return 0;
+-		else
+-			return 1;
+-	}
+-
+-	return -1;
+-}	
+-
+-/*
+- * match may be NULL, or a *sorted* list of paths
+- */
+-static void list_recursive(void *buffer,
+-			   const char *type,
+-			   unsigned long size,
+-			   struct path_prefix *prefix,
+-			   char **match, int matches)
+-{
+-	struct path_prefix this_prefix;
+-	this_prefix.prev = prefix;
+-
+-	if (strcmp(type, "tree"))
+-		die("expected a 'tree' node");
+-
+-	if (matches)
+-		recursive = 1;
+-
+-	while (size) {
+-		int namelen = strlen(buffer)+1;
+-		void *eltbuf = NULL;
+-		char elttype[20];
+-		unsigned long eltsize;
+-		unsigned char *sha1 = buffer + namelen;
+-		char *path = strchr(buffer, ' ') + 1;
+-		unsigned int mode;
+-		const char *matched = NULL;
+-		int mtype = -1;
+-		int mindex;
+-
+-		if (size < namelen + 20 || sscanf(buffer, "%o", &mode) != 1)
+-			die("corrupt 'tree' file");
+-		buffer = sha1 + 20;
+-		size -= namelen + 20;
+-
+-		this_prefix.name = path;
+-		for ( mindex = 0; mindex < matches; mindex++) {
+-			mtype = pathcmp(match[mindex],&this_prefix);
+-			if (mtype >= 0) {
+-				matched = match[mindex];
+-				break;
+-			}
+-		}
+-
+-		/*
+-		 * If we're not matching, or if this is an exact match,
+-		 * print out the info
+-		 */
+-		if (!matches || (matched != NULL && mtype == 0)) {
+-			printf("%06o %s %s\t", mode,
+-			       S_ISDIR(mode) ? "tree" : "blob",
+-			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+-			print_path_prefix(&this_prefix);
+-			putchar(line_termination);
+-		}
+-
+-		if (! recursive || ! S_ISDIR(mode))
+-			continue;
+-
+-		if (matches && ! matched)
+-			continue;
+-
+-		if (! (eltbuf = read_sha1_file(sha1, elttype, &eltsize)) ) {
+-			error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+-			continue;
+-		}
+-
+-		/* If this is an exact directory match, we may have
+-		 * directory files following this path. Match on them.
+-		 * Otherwise, we're at a pach subcomponent, and we need
+-		 * to try to match again.
+-		 */
+-		if (mtype == 0)
+-			mindex++;
+-
+-		list_recursive(eltbuf, elttype, eltsize, &this_prefix, &match[mindex], matches-mindex);
+-		free(eltbuf);
+-	}
+-}
+-
+-static int qcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+-{
+-	return strcmp(*(char **)a, *(char **)b);
+-}
+-
+-static int list(unsigned char *sha1,char **path)
+-{
+-	void *buffer;
+-	unsigned long size;
+-	int npaths;
+-
+-	for (npaths = 0; path[npaths] != NULL; npaths++)
+-		;
+-
+-	qsort(path,npaths,sizeof(char *),qcmp);
+-
+-	buffer = read_object_with_reference(sha1, "tree", &size, NULL);
+-	if (!buffer)
+-		die("unable to read sha1 file");
+-	list_recursive(buffer, "tree", size, NULL, path, npaths);
+-	free(buffer);
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-static const char *ls_tree_usage = "git-ls-tree [-r] [-z] <key> [paths...]";
+-
+-int main(int argc, char **argv)
+-{
+-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+-
+-	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
+-		switch (argv[1][1]) {
+-		case 'z':
+-			line_termination = 0;
+-			break;
+-		case 'r':
+-			recursive = 1;
+-			break;
+-		default:
+-			usage(ls_tree_usage);
+-		}
+-		argc--; argv++;
+-	}
+-
+-	if (argc < 2)
+-		usage(ls_tree_usage);
+-	if (get_sha1(argv[1], sha1) < 0)
+-		usage(ls_tree_usage);
+-	if (list(sha1, &argv[2]) < 0)
+-		die("list failed");
+-	return 0;
+-}
++/*
++ * GIT - The information manager from hell
++ *
++ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
++ */
++#include "cache.h"
++#include "blob.h"
++#include "tree.h"
++
++static int line_termination = '\n';
++#define LS_RECURSIVE 1
++#define LS_TREE_ONLY 2
++static int ls_options = 0;
++
++static struct tree_entry_list root_entry;
++
++static void prepare_root(unsigned char *sha1)
++{
++	unsigned char rsha[20];
++	unsigned long size;
++	void *buf;
++	struct tree *root_tree;
++
++	buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, "tree", &size, rsha);
++	free(buf);
++	if (!buf)
++		die("Could not read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++
++	root_tree = lookup_tree(rsha);
++	if (!root_tree)
++		die("Could not read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++
++	/* Prepare a fake entry */
++	root_entry.directory = 1;
++	root_entry.executable = root_entry.symlink = 0;
++	root_entry.mode = S_IFDIR;
++	root_entry.name = "";
++	root_entry.item.tree = root_tree;
++	root_entry.parent = NULL;
++}
++
++static int prepare_children(struct tree_entry_list *elem)
++{
++	if (!elem->directory)
++		return -1;
++	if (!elem->item.tree->object.parsed) {
++		struct tree_entry_list *e;
++		if (parse_tree(elem->item.tree))
++			return -1;
++		/* Set up the parent link */
++		for (e = elem->item.tree->entries; e; e = e->next)
++			e->parent = elem;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++static struct tree_entry_list *find_entry_0(struct tree_entry_list *elem,
++					    const char *path,
++					    const char *path_end)
++{
++	const char *ep;
++	int len;
++
++	while (path < path_end) {
++		if (prepare_children(elem))
++			return NULL;
++
++		/* In elem->tree->entries, find the one that has name
++		 * that matches what is between path and ep.
++		 */
++		elem = elem->item.tree->entries;
++
++		ep = strchr(path, '/');
++		if (!ep || path_end <= ep)
++			ep = path_end;
++		len = ep - path;
++
++		while (elem) {
++			if ((strlen(elem->name) == len) &&
++			    !strncmp(elem->name, path, len))
++				break;
++			elem = elem->next;
++		}
++		if (path_end <= ep || !elem)
++			return elem;
++		while (*ep == '/' && ep < path_end)
++			ep++;
++		path = ep;
++	}
++	return NULL;
++}
++
++static struct tree_entry_list *find_entry(const char *path,
++					  const char *path_end)
++{
++	/* Find tree element, descending from root, that
++	 * corresponds to the named path, lazily expanding
++	 * the tree if possible.
++	 */
++	if (path == path_end) {
++		/* Special.  This is the root level */
++		return &root_entry;
++	}
++	return find_entry_0(&root_entry, path, path_end);
++}
++
++static void show_entry_name(struct tree_entry_list *e)
++{
++	/* This is yucky.  The root level is there for
++	 * our convenience but we really want to do a
++	 * forest.
++	 */
++	if (e->parent && e->parent != &root_entry) {
++		show_entry_name(e->parent);
++		putchar('/');
++	}
++	printf("%s", e->name);
++}
++
++static const char *entry_type(struct tree_entry_list *e)
++{
++	return (e->directory ? "tree" : "blob");
++}
++
++static const char *entry_hex(struct tree_entry_list *e)
++{
++	return sha1_to_hex(e->directory
++			   ? e->item.tree->object.sha1
++			   : e->item.blob->object.sha1);
++}
++
++/* forward declaration for mutually recursive routines */
++static int show_entry(struct tree_entry_list *, int);
++
++static int show_children(struct tree_entry_list *e, int level)
++{
++	if (prepare_children(e))
++		die("internal error: ls-tree show_children called with non tree");
++	e = e->item.tree->entries;
++	while (e) {
++		show_entry(e, level);
++		e = e->next;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++static int show_entry(struct tree_entry_list *e, int level)
++{
++	int err = 0; 
++
++	if (e != &root_entry) {
++		printf("%06o %s %s	", e->mode, entry_type(e),
++		       entry_hex(e));
++		show_entry_name(e);
++		putchar(line_termination);
++	}
++
++	if (e->directory) {
++		/* If this is a directory, we have the following cases:
++		 * (1) This is the top-level request (explicit path from the
++		 *     command line, or "root" if there is no command line).
++		 *  a. Without any flag.  We show direct children.  We do not 
++		 *     recurse into them.
++		 *  b. With -r.  We do recurse into children.
++		 *  c. With -d.  We do not recurse into children.
++		 * (2) We came here because our caller is either (1-a) or
++		 *     (1-b).
++		 *  a. Without any flag.  We do not show our children (which
++		 *     are grandchildren for the original request).
++		 *  b. With -r.  We continue to recurse into our children.
++		 *  c. With -d.  We should not have come here to begin with.
++		 */
++		if (level == 0 && !(ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY))
++			/* case (1)-a and (1)-b */
++			err = err | show_children(e, level+1);
++		else if (level && ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
++			/* case (2)-b */
++			err = err | show_children(e, level+1);
++	}
++	return err;
++}
++
++static int list_one(const char *path, const char *path_end)
++{
++	int err = 0;
++	struct tree_entry_list *e = find_entry(path, path_end);
++	if (!e) {
++		/* traditionally ls-tree does not complain about
++		 * missing path.  We may change this later to match
++		 * what "/bin/ls -a" does, which is to complain.
++		 */
++		return err;
++	}
++	err = err | show_entry(e, 0);
++	return err;
++}
++
++static int list(char **path)
++{
++	int i;
++	int err = 0;
++	for (i = 0; path[i]; i++) {
++		int len = strlen(path[i]);
++		while (0 <= len && path[i][len] == '/')
++			len--;
++		err = err | list_one(path[i], path[i] + len);
++	}
++	return err;
++}
++
++static const char *ls_tree_usage =
++	"git-ls-tree [-d] [-r] [-z] <tree-ish> [path...]";
++
++int main(int argc, char **argv)
++{
++	static char *path0[] = { "", NULL };
++	char **path;
++	unsigned char sha1[20];
++
++	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
++		switch (argv[1][1]) {
++		case 'z':
++			line_termination = 0;
++			break;
++		case 'r':
++			ls_options |= LS_RECURSIVE;
++			break;
++		case 'd':
++			ls_options |= LS_TREE_ONLY;
++			break;
++		default:
++			usage(ls_tree_usage);
++		}
++		argc--; argv++;
++	}
++
++	if (argc < 2)
++		usage(ls_tree_usage);
++	if (get_sha1(argv[1], sha1) < 0)
++		usage(ls_tree_usage);
++
++	path = (argc == 2) ? path0 : (argv + 2);
++	prepare_root(sha1);
++	if (list(path) < 0)
++		die("list failed");
++	return 0;
++}
+diff --git a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+--- a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
++++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ test_expect_success \
+     'ls-tree filtered' \
+     'git-ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
+      cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+-100644 blob X	path0
+ 120000 blob X	path1
++100644 blob X	path0
+ EOF
+      test_output'
+ 
+@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ test_expect_success \
+      cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+ 040000 tree X	path2
+ 040000 tree X	path2/baz
+-100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
+ 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
+ 100644 blob X	path2/foo
+ EOF
+diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
+--- a/tree.c
++++ b/tree.c
+@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item,
+ 		}
+ 		if (obj)
+ 			add_ref(&item->object, obj);
+-
++		entry->parent = NULL; /* needs to be filled by the user */
+ 		*list_p = entry;
+ 		list_p = &entry->next;
+ 	}
+diff --git a/tree.h b/tree.h
+--- a/tree.h
++++ b/tree.h
+@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ struct tree_entry_list {
+ 		struct tree *tree;
+ 		struct blob *blob;
+ 	} item;
++	struct tree_entry_list *parent;
+ };
+ 
+ struct tree {
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-4.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-4.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ec028b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-4.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ t/t0000-basic.sh |    0 
+ t/test-lib.sh    |    0 
+ 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ mode change 100644 => 100755 t/t0000-basic.sh
+ mode change 100644 => 100755 t/test-lib.sh
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-4.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-4.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a56ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-4.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ceede59ea90cebad52ba9c8263fef3fb6ef17593 (from 368f99d57e8ed17243f2e164431449d48bfca2fb)
+diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
+old mode 100644
+new mode 100755
+diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
+old mode 100644
+new mode 100755
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-5.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-5.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b387df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-5.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+ Documentation/git-rpull.txt    |   50 -------------------
+ Documentation/git-rpush.txt    |   30 ------------
+ Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt |   50 +++++++++++++++++++
+ Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt |   30 ++++++++++++
+ Documentation/git.txt          |    6 +-
+ Makefile                       |    6 +-
+ rpull.c                        |   83 --------------------------------
+ rpush.c                        |  104 ----------------------------------------
+ ssh-pull.c                     |   83 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ ssh-push.c                     |  104 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ 10 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 273 deletions(-)
+ delete Documentation/git-rpull.txt
+ delete Documentation/git-rpush.txt
+ create Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt
+ create Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt
+ delete rpull.c
+ delete rpush.c
+ create ssh-pull.c
+ create ssh-push.c
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-5.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-5.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f6ddc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-5.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+diff a/Documentation/git-rpull.txt b/Documentation/git-rpull.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-rpull.txt
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
+-git-rpull(1)
+-============
+-v0.1, May 2005
+-
+-NAME
+-----
+-git-rpull - Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
+-
+-
+-
+-SYNOPSIS
+---------
+-'git-rpull' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [--recover] commit-id url
+-
+-DESCRIPTION
+------------
+-Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection, invoking git-rpush on
+-the other end.
+-
+-OPTIONS
+--------
+--c::
+-	Get the commit objects.
+--t::
+-	Get trees associated with the commit objects.
+--a::
+-	Get all the objects.
+--d::
+-	Do not check for delta base objects (use this option
+-	only when you know the remote repository is not
+-	deltified).
+---recover::
+-	Check dependency of deltified object more carefully than
+-	usual, to recover after earlier pull that was interrupted.
+--v::
+-	Report what is downloaded.
+-
+-
+-Author
+-------
+-Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+-
+-Documentation
+---------------
+-Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+-
+-GIT
+----
+-Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
+-
+diff a/Documentation/git-rpush.txt b/Documentation/git-rpush.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-rpush.txt
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
+-git-rpush(1)
+-============
+-v0.1, May 2005
+-
+-NAME
+-----
+-git-rpush - Helper "server-side" program used by git-rpull
+-
+-
+-SYNOPSIS
+---------
+-'git-rpush'
+-
+-DESCRIPTION
+------------
+-Helper "server-side" program used by git-rpull.
+-
+-
+-Author
+-------
+-Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
+-
+-Documentation
+---------------
+-Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+-
+-GIT
+----
+-Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
+-
+diff a/Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/Documentation/git-ssh-pull.txt
+@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
++git-ssh-pull(1)
++===============
++v0.1, May 2005
++
++NAME
++----
++git-ssh-pull - Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
++
++
++
++SYNOPSIS
++--------
++'git-ssh-pull' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [--recover] commit-id url
++
++DESCRIPTION
++-----------
++Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection, invoking git-ssh-push
++on the other end.
++
++OPTIONS
++-------
++-c::
++	Get the commit objects.
++-t::
++	Get trees associated with the commit objects.
++-a::
++	Get all the objects.
++-d::
++	Do not check for delta base objects (use this option
++	only when you know the remote repository is not
++	deltified).
++--recover::
++	Check dependency of deltified object more carefully than
++	usual, to recover after earlier pull that was interrupted.
++-v::
++	Report what is downloaded.
++
++
++Author
++------
++Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
++
++Documentation
++--------------
++Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
++
++GIT
++---
++Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
++
+diff a/Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt b/Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/Documentation/git-ssh-push.txt
+@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
++git-ssh-push(1)
++===============
++v0.1, May 2005
++
++NAME
++----
++git-ssh-push - Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
++
++
++SYNOPSIS
++--------
++'git-ssh-push'
++
++DESCRIPTION
++-----------
++Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull.
++
++
++Author
++------
++Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
++
++Documentation
++--------------
++Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
++
++GIT
++---
++Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
++
+diff a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git.txt
+@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve
+ link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
+ 	An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
+ 
+-link:git-rpull.html[git-rpull]::
++link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
+ 	Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
+ 
+ Interogators:
+@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ Interogators:
+ link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
+ 	Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
+ 
+-link:git-rpush.html[git-rpush]::
+-	Helper "server-side" program used by git-rpull
++link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
++	Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
+ 
+ 
+ 
+diff a/Makefile b/Makefile
+--- a/Makefile
++++ b/Makefile
+@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ PROG=   git-update-index git-diff-files
+ 	git-checkout-cache git-diff-tree git-rev-tree git-ls-files \
+ 	git-check-files git-ls-tree git-merge-base git-merge-cache \
+ 	git-unpack-file git-export git-diff-cache git-convert-cache \
+-	git-http-pull git-rpush git-rpull git-rev-list git-mktag \
++	git-http-pull git-ssh-push git-ssh-pull git-rev-list git-mktag \
+ 	git-diff-helper git-tar-tree git-local-pull git-write-blob \
+ 	git-get-tar-commit-id git-mkdelta git-apply git-stripspace
+ 
+@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ git-diff-cache: diff-cache.c
+ git-convert-cache: convert-cache.c
+ git-http-pull: http-pull.c pull.c
+ git-local-pull: local-pull.c pull.c
+-git-rpush: rsh.c
+-git-rpull: rsh.c pull.c
++git-ssh-push: rsh.c
++git-ssh-pull: rsh.c pull.c
+ git-rev-list: rev-list.c
+ git-mktag: mktag.c
+ git-diff-helper: diff-helper.c
+diff a/rpull.c b/rpull.c
+--- a/rpull.c
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
+-#include "cache.h"
+-#include "commit.h"
+-#include "rsh.h"
+-#include "pull.h"
+-
+-static int fd_in;
+-static int fd_out;
+-
+-static unsigned char remote_version = 0;
+-static unsigned char local_version = 1;
+-
+-int fetch(unsigned char *sha1)
+-{
+-	int ret;
+-	signed char remote;
+-	char type = 'o';
+-	if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
+-		return 0;
+-	write(fd_out, &type, 1);
+-	write(fd_out, sha1, 20);
+-	if (read(fd_in, &remote, 1) < 1)
+-		return -1;
+-	if (remote < 0)
+-		return remote;
+-	ret = write_sha1_from_fd(sha1, fd_in);
+-	if (!ret)
+-		pull_say("got %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+-	return ret;
+-}
+-
+-int get_version(void)
+-{
+-	char type = 'v';
+-	write(fd_out, &type, 1);
+-	write(fd_out, &local_version, 1);
+-	if (read(fd_in, &remote_version, 1) < 1) {
+-		return error("Couldn't read version from remote end");
+-	}
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-int main(int argc, char **argv)
+-{
+-	char *commit_id;
+-	char *url;
+-	int arg = 1;
+-
+-	while (arg < argc && argv[arg][0] == '-') {
+-		if (argv[arg][1] == 't') {
+-			get_tree = 1;
+-		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'c') {
+-			get_history = 1;
+-		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'd') {
+-			get_delta = 0;
+-		} else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--recover")) {
+-			get_delta = 2;
+-		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'a') {
+-			get_all = 1;
+-			get_tree = 1;
+-			get_history = 1;
+-		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'v') {
+-			get_verbosely = 1;
+-		}
+-		arg++;
+-	}
+-	if (argc < arg + 2) {
+-		usage("git-rpull [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [-d] [--recover] commit-id url");
+-		return 1;
+-	}
+-	commit_id = argv[arg];
+-	url = argv[arg + 1];
+-
+-	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-rpush", url, arg, argv + 1))
+-		return 1;
+-
+-	if (get_version())
+-		return 1;
+-
+-	if (pull(commit_id))
+-		return 1;
+-
+-	return 0;
+-}
+diff a/rpush.c b/rpush.c
+--- a/rpush.c
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
+-#include "cache.h"
+-#include "rsh.h"
+-#include <sys/socket.h>
+-#include <errno.h>
+-
+-unsigned char local_version = 1;
+-unsigned char remote_version = 0;
+-
+-int serve_object(int fd_in, int fd_out) {
+-	ssize_t size;
+-	int posn = 0;
+-	char sha1[20];
+-	unsigned long objsize;
+-	void *buf;
+-	signed char remote;
+-	do {
+-		size = read(fd_in, sha1 + posn, 20 - posn);
+-		if (size < 0) {
+-			perror("git-rpush: read ");
+-			return -1;
+-		}
+-		if (!size)
+-			return -1;
+-		posn += size;
+-	} while (posn < 20);
+-	
+-	/* fprintf(stderr, "Serving %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1)); */
+-	remote = 0;
+-	
+-	buf = map_sha1_file(sha1, &objsize);
+-	
+-	if (!buf) {
+-		fprintf(stderr, "git-rpush: could not find %s\n", 
+-			sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+-		remote = -1;
+-	}
+-	
+-	write(fd_out, &remote, 1);
+-	
+-	if (remote < 0)
+-		return 0;
+-	
+-	posn = 0;
+-	do {
+-		size = write(fd_out, buf + posn, objsize - posn);
+-		if (size <= 0) {
+-			if (!size) {
+-				fprintf(stderr, "git-rpush: write closed");
+-			} else {
+-				perror("git-rpush: write ");
+-			}
+-			return -1;
+-		}
+-		posn += size;
+-	} while (posn < objsize);
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-int serve_version(int fd_in, int fd_out)
+-{
+-	if (read(fd_in, &remote_version, 1) < 1)
+-		return -1;
+-	write(fd_out, &local_version, 1);
+-	return 0;
+-}
+-
+-void service(int fd_in, int fd_out) {
+-	char type;
+-	int retval;
+-	do {
+-		retval = read(fd_in, &type, 1);
+-		if (retval < 1) {
+-			if (retval < 0)
+-				perror("rpush: read ");
+-			return;
+-		}
+-		if (type == 'v' && serve_version(fd_in, fd_out))
+-			return;
+-		if (type == 'o' && serve_object(fd_in, fd_out))
+-			return;
+-	} while (1);
+-}
+-
+-int main(int argc, char **argv)
+-{
+-	int arg = 1;
+-        char *commit_id;
+-        char *url;
+-	int fd_in, fd_out;
+-	while (arg < argc && argv[arg][0] == '-') {
+-                arg++;
+-        }
+-        if (argc < arg + 2) {
+-		usage("git-rpush [-c] [-t] [-a] commit-id url");
+-                return 1;
+-        }
+-	commit_id = argv[arg];
+-	url = argv[arg + 1];
+-	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-rpull", url, arg, argv + 1))
+-		return 1;
+-
+-	service(fd_in, fd_out);
+-	return 0;
+-}
+diff a/ssh-pull.c b/ssh-pull.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/ssh-pull.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
++#include "cache.h"
++#include "commit.h"
++#include "rsh.h"
++#include "pull.h"
++
++static int fd_in;
++static int fd_out;
++
++static unsigned char remote_version = 0;
++static unsigned char local_version = 1;
++
++int fetch(unsigned char *sha1)
++{
++	int ret;
++	signed char remote;
++	char type = 'o';
++	if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
++		return 0;
++	write(fd_out, &type, 1);
++	write(fd_out, sha1, 20);
++	if (read(fd_in, &remote, 1) < 1)
++		return -1;
++	if (remote < 0)
++		return remote;
++	ret = write_sha1_from_fd(sha1, fd_in);
++	if (!ret)
++		pull_say("got %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++	return ret;
++}
++
++int get_version(void)
++{
++	char type = 'v';
++	write(fd_out, &type, 1);
++	write(fd_out, &local_version, 1);
++	if (read(fd_in, &remote_version, 1) < 1) {
++		return error("Couldn't read version from remote end");
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
++
++int main(int argc, char **argv)
++{
++	char *commit_id;
++	char *url;
++	int arg = 1;
++
++	while (arg < argc && argv[arg][0] == '-') {
++		if (argv[arg][1] == 't') {
++			get_tree = 1;
++		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'c') {
++			get_history = 1;
++		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'd') {
++			get_delta = 0;
++		} else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--recover")) {
++			get_delta = 2;
++		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'a') {
++			get_all = 1;
++			get_tree = 1;
++			get_history = 1;
++		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'v') {
++			get_verbosely = 1;
++		}
++		arg++;
++	}
++	if (argc < arg + 2) {
++		usage("git-ssh-pull [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [-d] [--recover] commit-id url");
++		return 1;
++	}
++	commit_id = argv[arg];
++	url = argv[arg + 1];
++
++	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-ssh-push", url, arg, argv + 1))
++		return 1;
++
++	if (get_version())
++		return 1;
++
++	if (pull(commit_id))
++		return 1;
++
++	return 0;
++}
+diff a/ssh-push.c b/ssh-push.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/ssh-push.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
++#include "cache.h"
++#include "rsh.h"
++#include <sys/socket.h>
++#include <errno.h>
++
++unsigned char local_version = 1;
++unsigned char remote_version = 0;
++
++int serve_object(int fd_in, int fd_out) {
++	ssize_t size;
++	int posn = 0;
++	char sha1[20];
++	unsigned long objsize;
++	void *buf;
++	signed char remote;
++	do {
++		size = read(fd_in, sha1 + posn, 20 - posn);
++		if (size < 0) {
++			perror("git-ssh-push: read ");
++			return -1;
++		}
++		if (!size)
++			return -1;
++		posn += size;
++	} while (posn < 20);
++	
++	/* fprintf(stderr, "Serving %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1)); */
++	remote = 0;
++	
++	buf = map_sha1_file(sha1, &objsize);
++	
++	if (!buf) {
++		fprintf(stderr, "git-ssh-push: could not find %s\n", 
++			sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++		remote = -1;
++	}
++	
++	write(fd_out, &remote, 1);
++	
++	if (remote < 0)
++		return 0;
++	
++	posn = 0;
++	do {
++		size = write(fd_out, buf + posn, objsize - posn);
++		if (size <= 0) {
++			if (!size) {
++				fprintf(stderr, "git-ssh-push: write closed");
++			} else {
++				perror("git-ssh-push: write ");
++			}
++			return -1;
++		}
++		posn += size;
++	} while (posn < objsize);
++	return 0;
++}
++
++int serve_version(int fd_in, int fd_out)
++{
++	if (read(fd_in, &remote_version, 1) < 1)
++		return -1;
++	write(fd_out, &local_version, 1);
++	return 0;
++}
++
++void service(int fd_in, int fd_out) {
++	char type;
++	int retval;
++	do {
++		retval = read(fd_in, &type, 1);
++		if (retval < 1) {
++			if (retval < 0)
++				perror("git-ssh-push: read ");
++			return;
++		}
++		if (type == 'v' && serve_version(fd_in, fd_out))
++			return;
++		if (type == 'o' && serve_object(fd_in, fd_out))
++			return;
++	} while (1);
++}
++
++int main(int argc, char **argv)
++{
++	int arg = 1;
++        char *commit_id;
++        char *url;
++	int fd_in, fd_out;
++	while (arg < argc && argv[arg][0] == '-') {
++                arg++;
++        }
++        if (argc < arg + 2) {
++		usage("git-ssh-push [-c] [-t] [-a] commit-id url");
++                return 1;
++        }
++	commit_id = argv[arg];
++	url = argv[arg + 1];
++	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, "git-ssh-pull", url, arg, argv + 1))
++		return 1;
++
++	service(fd_in, fd_out);
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-6.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-6.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c343d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-6.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ Makefile         |    2 +-
+ git-fetch-script |   41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ git-pull-script  |   34 +---------------------------------
+ 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)
+ create git-fetch-script
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-6.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-6.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a72729a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-6.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+diff a/Makefile b/Makefile
+--- a/Makefile
++++ b/Makefile
+@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ INSTALL=install
+ 
+ SCRIPTS=git-apply-patch-script git-merge-one-file-script git-prune-script \
+ 	git-pull-script git-tag-script git-resolve-script git-whatchanged \
+-	git-deltafy-script
++	git-deltafy-script git-fetch-script
+ 
+ PROG=   git-update-index git-diff-files git-init-db git-write-tree \
+ 	git-read-tree git-commit-tree git-cat-file git-fsck-cache \
+diff a/git-fetch-script b/git-fetch-script
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/git-fetch-script
+@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
++#!/bin/sh
++#
++merge_repo=$1
++merge_name=${2:-HEAD}
++
++: ${GIT_DIR=.git}
++: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="${SHA1_FILE_DIRECTORY-"$GIT_DIR/objects"}"}
++
++download_one () {
++	# remote_path="$1" local_file="$2"
++	case "$1" in
++	http://*)
++		wget -q -O "$2" "$1" ;;
++	/*)
++		test -f "$1" && cat >"$2" "$1" ;;
++	*)
++		rsync -L "$1" "$2" ;;
++	esac
++}
++
++download_objects () {
++	# remote_repo="$1" head_sha1="$2"
++	case "$1" in
++	http://*)
++		git-http-pull -a "$2" "$1/"
++		;;
++	/*)
++		git-local-pull -l -a "$2" "$1/"
++		;;
++	*)
++		rsync -avz --ignore-existing \
++			"$1/objects/." "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"/.
++		;;
++	esac
++}
++
++echo "Getting remote $merge_name"
++download_one "$merge_repo/$merge_name" "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD
++
++echo "Getting object database"
++download_objects "$merge_repo" "$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD)"
+diff a/git-pull-script b/git-pull-script
+--- a/git-pull-script
++++ b/git-pull-script
+@@ -6,39 +6,7 @@ merge_name=${2:-HEAD}
+ : ${GIT_DIR=.git}
+ : ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="${SHA1_FILE_DIRECTORY-"$GIT_DIR/objects"}"}
+ 
+-download_one () {
+-	# remote_path="$1" local_file="$2"
+-	case "$1" in
+-	http://*)
+-		wget -q -O "$2" "$1" ;;
+-	/*)
+-		test -f "$1" && cat >"$2" "$1" ;;
+-	*)
+-		rsync -L "$1" "$2" ;;
+-	esac
+-}
+-
+-download_objects () {
+-	# remote_repo="$1" head_sha1="$2"
+-	case "$1" in
+-	http://*)
+-		git-http-pull -a "$2" "$1/"
+-		;;
+-	/*)
+-		git-local-pull -l -a "$2" "$1/"
+-		;;
+-	*)
+-		rsync -avz --ignore-existing \
+-			"$1/objects/." "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"/.
+-		;;
+-	esac
+-}
+-
+-echo "Getting remote $merge_name"
+-download_one "$merge_repo/$merge_name" "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD
+-
+-echo "Getting object database"
+-download_objects "$merge_repo" "$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_HEAD)"
++git-fetch-script "$merge_repo" "$merge_name"
+ 
+ git-resolve-script \
+ 	"$(cat "$GIT_DIR"/HEAD)" \
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-7.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-7.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1283164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-7.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt |   20 +-
+ ls-tree.c                     |  333 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
+ t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh   |    3 
+ tree.c                        |    2 
+ tree.h                        |    1 
+ 5 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 160 deletions(-)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-7.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-7.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07c6589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-7.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+diff a/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt
+@@ -4,23 +4,26 @@ v0.1, May 2005
+ 
+ NAME
+ ----
+-git-ls-tree - Displays a tree object in human readable form
++git-ls-tree - Lists the contents of a tree object.
+ 
+ 
+ SYNOPSIS
+ --------
+-'git-ls-tree' [-r] [-z] <tree-ish> [paths...]
++'git-ls-tree' [-d] [-r] [-z] <tree-ish> [paths...]
+ 
+ DESCRIPTION
+ -----------
+-Converts the tree object to a human readable (and script processable)
+-form.
++Lists the contents of a tree object, like what "/bin/ls -a" does
++in the current working directory.
+ 
+ OPTIONS
+ -------
+ <tree-ish>::
+ 	Id of a tree.
+ 
++-d::
++	show only the named tree entry itself, not its children
++
+ -r::
+ 	recurse into sub-trees
+ 
+@@ -28,18 +31,19 @@ OPTIONS
+ 	\0 line termination on output
+ 
+ paths::
+-	Optionally, restrict the output of git-ls-tree to specific
+-	paths. Directories will only list their tree blob ids.
+-	Implies -r.
++	When paths are given, shows them.  Otherwise implicitly
++	uses the root level of the tree as the sole path argument.
++
+ 
+ Output Format
+ -------------
+-        <mode>\t	<type>\t	<object>\t	<file>
++        <mode> SP <type> SP <object> TAB <file>
+ 
+ 
+ Author
+ ------
+ Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
++Completely rewritten from scratch by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+ 
+ Documentation
+ --------------
+diff a/ls-tree.c b/ls-tree.c
+--- a/ls-tree.c
++++ b/ls-tree.c
+@@ -4,188 +4,217 @@
+  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+  */
+ #include "cache.h"
++#include "blob.h"
++#include "tree.h"
+ 
+ static int line_termination = '\n';
+-static int recursive = 0;
++#define LS_RECURSIVE 1
++#define LS_TREE_ONLY 2
++static int ls_options = 0;
+ 
+-struct path_prefix {
+-	struct path_prefix *prev;
+-	const char *name;
+-};
+-
+-#define DEBUG(fmt, ...)	
+-
+-static int string_path_prefix(char *buff, size_t blen, struct path_prefix *prefix)
+-{
+-	int len = 0;
+-	if (prefix) {
+-		if (prefix->prev) {
+-			len = string_path_prefix(buff,blen,prefix->prev);
+-			buff += len;
+-			blen -= len;
+-			if (blen > 0) {
+-				*buff = '/';
+-				len++;
+-				buff++;
+-				blen--;
+-			}
+-		}
+-		strncpy(buff,prefix->name,blen);
+-		return len + strlen(prefix->name);
+-	}
++static struct tree_entry_list root_entry;
+ 
+-	return 0;
++static void prepare_root(unsigned char *sha1)
++{
++	unsigned char rsha[20];
++	unsigned long size;
++	void *buf;
++	struct tree *root_tree;
++
++	buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, "tree", &size, rsha);
++	free(buf);
++	if (!buf)
++		die("Could not read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++
++	root_tree = lookup_tree(rsha);
++	if (!root_tree)
++		die("Could not read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++
++	/* Prepare a fake entry */
++	root_entry.directory = 1;
++	root_entry.executable = root_entry.symlink = 0;
++	root_entry.mode = S_IFDIR;
++	root_entry.name = "";
++	root_entry.item.tree = root_tree;
++	root_entry.parent = NULL;
+ }
+ 
+-static void print_path_prefix(struct path_prefix *prefix)
++static int prepare_children(struct tree_entry_list *elem)
+ {
+-	if (prefix) {
+-		if (prefix->prev) {
+-			print_path_prefix(prefix->prev);
+-			putchar('/');
+-		}
+-		fputs(prefix->name, stdout);
++	if (!elem->directory)
++		return -1;
++	if (!elem->item.tree->object.parsed) {
++		struct tree_entry_list *e;
++		if (parse_tree(elem->item.tree))
++			return -1;
++		/* Set up the parent link */
++		for (e = elem->item.tree->entries; e; e = e->next)
++			e->parent = elem;
+ 	}
++	return 0;
+ }
+ 
+-/*
+- * return:
+- * 	-1 if prefix is *not* a subset of path
+- * 	 0 if prefix == path
+- * 	 1 if prefix is a subset of path
+- */
+-static int pathcmp(const char *path, struct path_prefix *prefix)
+-{
+-	char buff[PATH_MAX];
+-	int len,slen;
++static struct tree_entry_list *find_entry_0(struct tree_entry_list *elem,
++					    const char *path,
++					    const char *path_end)
++{
++	const char *ep;
++	int len;
++
++	while (path < path_end) {
++		if (prepare_children(elem))
++			return NULL;
+ 
+-	if (prefix == NULL)
+-		return 1;
++		/* In elem->tree->entries, find the one that has name
++		 * that matches what is between path and ep.
++		 */
++		elem = elem->item.tree->entries;
+ 
+-	len = string_path_prefix(buff, sizeof buff, prefix);
+-	slen = strlen(path);
++		ep = strchr(path, '/');
++		if (!ep || path_end <= ep)
++			ep = path_end;
++		len = ep - path;
++
++		while (elem) {
++			if ((strlen(elem->name) == len) &&
++			    !strncmp(elem->name, path, len))
++				break;
++			elem = elem->next;
++		}
++		if (path_end <= ep || !elem)
++			return elem;
++		while (*ep == '/' && ep < path_end)
++			ep++;
++		path = ep;
++	}
++	return NULL;
++}
+ 
+-	if (slen < len)
+-		return -1;
++static struct tree_entry_list *find_entry(const char *path,
++					  const char *path_end)
++{
++	/* Find tree element, descending from root, that
++	 * corresponds to the named path, lazily expanding
++	 * the tree if possible.
++	 */
++	if (path == path_end) {
++		/* Special.  This is the root level */
++		return &root_entry;
++	}
++	return find_entry_0(&root_entry, path, path_end);
++}
+ 
+-	if (strncmp(path,buff,len) == 0) {
+-		if (slen == len)
+-			return 0;
+-		else
+-			return 1;
++static void show_entry_name(struct tree_entry_list *e)
++{
++	/* This is yucky.  The root level is there for
++	 * our convenience but we really want to do a
++	 * forest.
++	 */
++	if (e->parent && e->parent != &root_entry) {
++		show_entry_name(e->parent);
++		putchar('/');
+ 	}
++	printf("%s", e->name);
++}
+ 
+-	return -1;
+-}	
++static const char *entry_type(struct tree_entry_list *e)
++{
++	return (e->directory ? "tree" : "blob");
++}
+ 
+-/*
+- * match may be NULL, or a *sorted* list of paths
+- */
+-static void list_recursive(void *buffer,
+-			   const char *type,
+-			   unsigned long size,
+-			   struct path_prefix *prefix,
+-			   char **match, int matches)
+-{
+-	struct path_prefix this_prefix;
+-	this_prefix.prev = prefix;
+-
+-	if (strcmp(type, "tree"))
+-		die("expected a 'tree' node");
+-
+-	if (matches)
+-		recursive = 1;
+-
+-	while (size) {
+-		int namelen = strlen(buffer)+1;
+-		void *eltbuf = NULL;
+-		char elttype[20];
+-		unsigned long eltsize;
+-		unsigned char *sha1 = buffer + namelen;
+-		char *path = strchr(buffer, ' ') + 1;
+-		unsigned int mode;
+-		const char *matched = NULL;
+-		int mtype = -1;
+-		int mindex;
+-
+-		if (size < namelen + 20 || sscanf(buffer, "%o", &mode) != 1)
+-			die("corrupt 'tree' file");
+-		buffer = sha1 + 20;
+-		size -= namelen + 20;
+-
+-		this_prefix.name = path;
+-		for ( mindex = 0; mindex < matches; mindex++) {
+-			mtype = pathcmp(match[mindex],&this_prefix);
+-			if (mtype >= 0) {
+-				matched = match[mindex];
+-				break;
+-			}
+-		}
++static const char *entry_hex(struct tree_entry_list *e)
++{
++	return sha1_to_hex(e->directory
++			   ? e->item.tree->object.sha1
++			   : e->item.blob->object.sha1);
++}
+ 
+-		/*
+-		 * If we're not matching, or if this is an exact match,
+-		 * print out the info
+-		 */
+-		if (!matches || (matched != NULL && mtype == 0)) {
+-			printf("%06o %s %s\t", mode,
+-			       S_ISDIR(mode) ? "tree" : "blob",
+-			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+-			print_path_prefix(&this_prefix);
+-			putchar(line_termination);
+-		}
++/* forward declaration for mutually recursive routines */
++static int show_entry(struct tree_entry_list *, int);
+ 
+-		if (! recursive || ! S_ISDIR(mode))
+-			continue;
++static int show_children(struct tree_entry_list *e, int level)
++{
++	if (prepare_children(e))
++		die("internal error: ls-tree show_children called with non tree");
++	e = e->item.tree->entries;
++	while (e) {
++		show_entry(e, level);
++		e = e->next;
++	}
++	return 0;
++}
+ 
+-		if (matches && ! matched)
+-			continue;
++static int show_entry(struct tree_entry_list *e, int level)
++{
++	int err = 0; 
+ 
+-		if (! (eltbuf = read_sha1_file(sha1, elttype, &eltsize)) ) {
+-			error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+-			continue;
+-		}
++	if (e != &root_entry) {
++		printf("%06o %s %s	", e->mode, entry_type(e),
++		       entry_hex(e));
++		show_entry_name(e);
++		putchar(line_termination);
++	}
+ 
+-		/* If this is an exact directory match, we may have
+-		 * directory files following this path. Match on them.
+-		 * Otherwise, we're at a pach subcomponent, and we need
+-		 * to try to match again.
++	if (e->directory) {
++		/* If this is a directory, we have the following cases:
++		 * (1) This is the top-level request (explicit path from the
++		 *     command line, or "root" if there is no command line).
++		 *  a. Without any flag.  We show direct children.  We do not 
++		 *     recurse into them.
++		 *  b. With -r.  We do recurse into children.
++		 *  c. With -d.  We do not recurse into children.
++		 * (2) We came here because our caller is either (1-a) or
++		 *     (1-b).
++		 *  a. Without any flag.  We do not show our children (which
++		 *     are grandchildren for the original request).
++		 *  b. With -r.  We continue to recurse into our children.
++		 *  c. With -d.  We should not have come here to begin with.
+ 		 */
+-		if (mtype == 0)
+-			mindex++;
+-
+-		list_recursive(eltbuf, elttype, eltsize, &this_prefix, &match[mindex], matches-mindex);
+-		free(eltbuf);
++		if (level == 0 && !(ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY))
++			/* case (1)-a and (1)-b */
++			err = err | show_children(e, level+1);
++		else if (level && ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
++			/* case (2)-b */
++			err = err | show_children(e, level+1);
+ 	}
++	return err;
+ }
+ 
+-static int qcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
++static int list_one(const char *path, const char *path_end)
+ {
+-	return strcmp(*(char **)a, *(char **)b);
++	int err = 0;
++	struct tree_entry_list *e = find_entry(path, path_end);
++	if (!e) {
++		/* traditionally ls-tree does not complain about
++		 * missing path.  We may change this later to match
++		 * what "/bin/ls -a" does, which is to complain.
++		 */
++		return err;
++	}
++	err = err | show_entry(e, 0);
++	return err;
+ }
+ 
+-static int list(unsigned char *sha1,char **path)
++static int list(char **path)
+ {
+-	void *buffer;
+-	unsigned long size;
+-	int npaths;
+-
+-	for (npaths = 0; path[npaths] != NULL; npaths++)
+-		;
+-
+-	qsort(path,npaths,sizeof(char *),qcmp);
+-
+-	buffer = read_object_with_reference(sha1, "tree", &size, NULL);
+-	if (!buffer)
+-		die("unable to read sha1 file");
+-	list_recursive(buffer, "tree", size, NULL, path, npaths);
+-	free(buffer);
+-	return 0;
++	int i;
++	int err = 0;
++	for (i = 0; path[i]; i++) {
++		int len = strlen(path[i]);
++		while (0 <= len && path[i][len] == '/')
++			len--;
++		err = err | list_one(path[i], path[i] + len);
++	}
++	return err;
+ }
+ 
+-static const char *ls_tree_usage = "git-ls-tree [-r] [-z] <key> [paths...]";
++static const char *ls_tree_usage =
++	"git-ls-tree [-d] [-r] [-z] <tree-ish> [path...]";
+ 
+ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ {
++	static char *path0[] = { "", NULL };
++	char **path;
+ 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+ 
+ 	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
+@@ -194,7 +223,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 			line_termination = 0;
+ 			break;
+ 		case 'r':
+-			recursive = 1;
++			ls_options |= LS_RECURSIVE;
++			break;
++		case 'd':
++			ls_options |= LS_TREE_ONLY;
+ 			break;
+ 		default:
+ 			usage(ls_tree_usage);
+@@ -206,7 +238,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 		usage(ls_tree_usage);
+ 	if (get_sha1(argv[1], sha1) < 0)
+ 		usage(ls_tree_usage);
+-	if (list(sha1, &argv[2]) < 0)
++
++	path = (argc == 2) ? path0 : (argv + 2);
++	prepare_root(sha1);
++	if (list(path) < 0)
+ 		die("list failed");
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+diff a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+--- a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
++++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ test_expect_success \
+     'ls-tree filtered' \
+     'git-ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
+      cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+-100644 blob X	path0
+ 120000 blob X	path1
++100644 blob X	path0
+ EOF
+      test_output'
+ 
+@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ test_expect_success \
+      cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+ 040000 tree X	path2
+ 040000 tree X	path2/baz
+-100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
+ 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
+ 100644 blob X	path2/foo
+ EOF
+diff a/tree.c b/tree.c
+--- a/tree.c
++++ b/tree.c
+@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item,
+ 		}
+ 		if (obj)
+ 			add_ref(&item->object, obj);
+-
++		entry->parent = NULL; /* needs to be filled by the user */
+ 		*list_p = entry;
+ 		list_p = &entry->next;
+ 	}
+diff a/tree.h b/tree.h
+--- a/tree.h
++++ b/tree.h
+@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ struct tree_entry_list {
+ 		struct tree *tree;
+ 		struct blob *blob;
+ 	} item;
++	struct tree_entry_list *parent;
+ };
+ 
+ struct tree {
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eef7f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-8.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ t/t4100-apply-stat.sh |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-8.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-8.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ca13e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-8.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+diff --git a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
+index be837bb..0798c64 100755
+--- a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
++++ b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
+@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ non git (2)
+ non git (3)
+ EOF
+ 
+-test_done
++test_done
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect b/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eef7f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-9.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ t/t4100-apply-stat.sh |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
diff --git a/t/t4100/t-apply-9.patch b/t/t4100/t-apply-9.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..875d57d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4100/t-apply-9.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+diff --git a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
+index 0798c64..be837bb 100755
+--- a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
++++ b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
+@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ non git (2)
+ non git (3)
+ EOF
+ 
+-test_done
+\ No newline at end of file
++test_done
diff --git a/t/t4101-apply-nonl.sh b/t/t4101-apply-nonl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3443d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101-apply-nonl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply should handle files with incomplete lines.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# setup
+
+(echo a; echo b) >frotz.0
+(echo a; echo b; echo c) >frotz.1
+(echo a; echo b | tr -d '\012') >frotz.2
+(echo a; echo c; echo b | tr -d '\012') >frotz.3
+
+for i in 0 1 2 3
+do
+  for j in 0 1 2 3
+  do
+    test $i -eq $j && continue
+    cat frotz.$i >frotz
+    test_expect_success "apply diff between $i and $j" '
+	git apply <"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4101/diff.$i-$j &&
+	test_cmp frotz.$j frotz
+    '
+  done
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.0-1 b/t/t4101/diff.0-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1010a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.0-1
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ a
+ b
++c
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.0-2 b/t/t4101/diff.0-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36460a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.0-2
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
+ a
+-b
++b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.0-3 b/t/t4101/diff.0-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b281c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.0-3
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ a
+-b
++c
++b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.1-0 b/t/t4101/diff.1-0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0a2e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.1-0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
+ a
+ b
+-c
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.1-2 b/t/t4101/diff.1-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a440a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.1-2
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
+ a
+-b
+-c
++b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.1-3 b/t/t4101/diff.1-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61aff97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.1-3
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ a
+-b
+ c
++b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.2-0 b/t/t4101/diff.2-0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2e71ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.2-0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
+ a
+-b
+\ No newline at end of file
++b
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.2-1 b/t/t4101/diff.2-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a66d9fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.2-1
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ a
+-b
+\ No newline at end of file
++b
++c
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.2-3 b/t/t4101/diff.2-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5633c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.2-3
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ a
++c
+ b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.3-0 b/t/t4101/diff.3-0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10b1a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.3-0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
+ a
+-c
+-b
+\ No newline at end of file
++b
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.3-1 b/t/t4101/diff.3-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c799c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.3-1
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ a
++b
+ c
+-b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4101/diff.3-2 b/t/t4101/diff.3-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8d1ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4101/diff.3-2
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--- a/frotz
++++ b/frotz
+@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
+ a
+-c
+ b
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1597965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply handling copy/rename patch.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# setup
+
+cat >test-patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/foo b/bar
+similarity index 47%
+rename from foo
+rename to bar
+--- a/foo
++++ b/bar
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-This is foo
++This is bar
+EOF
+
+echo 'This is foo' >foo
+chmod +x foo
+
+test_expect_success setup \
+    'git update-index --add foo'
+
+test_expect_success apply \
+    'git apply --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch'
+
+if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
+then
+	say 'filemode disabled on the filesystem'
+else
+	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE validate \
+	    'test -f bar && ls -l bar | grep "^-..x......"'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply reverse' \
+    'git apply -R --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch &&
+     test "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
+
+cat >test-patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/foo b/bar
+similarity index 47%
+copy from foo
+copy to bar
+--- a/foo
++++ b/bar
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-This is foo
++This is bar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply copy' \
+    'git apply --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch &&
+     test "$(cat bar)" = "This is bar" -a "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ad4cc1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply handling binary patches
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# setup
+
+cat >file1 <<EOF
+A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
+A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
+There is a flag with Linux written on it.
+A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
+munching on his bamboo.
+EOF
+cat file1 >file2
+cat file1 >file4
+
+git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file4
+git commit -m 'Initial Version' 2>/dev/null
+
+git checkout -b binary
+perl -pe 'y/x/\000/' <file1 >file3
+cat file3 >file4
+git add file2
+perl -pe 'y/\000/v/' <file3 >file1
+rm -f file2
+git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4
+git commit -m 'Second Version'
+
+git diff-tree -p master binary >B.diff
+git diff-tree -p -C master binary >C.diff
+
+git diff-tree -p --binary master binary >BF.diff
+git diff-tree -p --binary -C master binary >CF.diff
+
+test_expect_success 'stat binary diff -- should not fail.' \
+	'git checkout master
+	 git apply --stat --summary B.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'stat binary diff (copy) -- should not fail.' \
+	'git checkout master
+	 git apply --stat --summary C.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'check binary diff -- should fail.' \
+	'git checkout master &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply --check B.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'check binary diff (copy) -- should fail.' \
+	'git checkout master &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply --check C.diff'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'check incomplete binary diff with replacement -- should fail.' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --check --allow-binary-replacement B.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'check incomplete binary diff with replacement (copy) -- should fail.' '
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply --check --allow-binary-replacement C.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check binary diff with replacement.' \
+	'git checkout master
+	 git apply --check --allow-binary-replacement BF.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'check binary diff with replacement (copy).' \
+	'git checkout master
+	 git apply --check --allow-binary-replacement CF.diff'
+
+# Now we start applying them.
+
+do_reset () {
+	rm -f file? &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -f master
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff -- should fail.' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply B.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff -- should fail.' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply --index B.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff (copy) -- should fail.' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply C.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff (copy) -- should fail.' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 test_must_fail git apply --index C.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff without replacement.' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 git apply BF.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff without replacement (copy).' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 git apply CF.diff'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff.' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 git apply --allow-binary-replacement --index BF.diff &&
+	 test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary)"'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary diff (copy).' \
+	'do_reset &&
+	 git apply --allow-binary-replacement --index CF.diff &&
+	 test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary)"'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0e3ce36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply boundary tests
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+L="c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x"
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in b '"$L"' y
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >original &&
+	git update-index --add victim &&
+
+	: add to the head
+	for i in a b '"$L"' y
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >add-a-expect &&
+	git diff victim >add-a-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >add-a-patch.without &&
+
+	: insert at line two
+	for i in b a '"$L"' y
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >insert-a-expect &&
+	git diff victim >insert-a-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >insert-a-patch.without &&
+
+	: modify at the head
+	for i in a '"$L"' y
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >mod-a-expect &&
+	git diff victim >mod-a-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >mod-a-patch.without &&
+
+	: remove from the head
+	for i in '"$L"' y
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >del-a-expect &&
+	git diff victim >del-a-patch.with
+	git diff --unified=0 >del-a-patch.without &&
+
+	: add to the tail
+	for i in b '"$L"' y z
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >add-z-expect &&
+	git diff victim >add-z-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >add-z-patch.without &&
+
+	: modify at the tail
+	for i in b '"$L"' z
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >mod-z-expect &&
+	git diff victim >mod-z-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >mod-z-patch.without &&
+
+	: remove from the tail
+	for i in b '"$L"'
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >victim &&
+	cat victim >del-z-expect &&
+	git diff victim >del-z-patch.with
+	git diff --unified=0 >del-z-patch.without &&
+
+	: done
+'
+
+for with in with without
+do
+	case "$with" in
+	with) u= ;;
+	without) u='--unidiff-zero ' ;;
+	esac
+	for kind in add-a add-z insert-a mod-a mod-z del-a del-z
+	do
+		test_expect_success "apply $kind-patch $with context" '
+			cat original >victim &&
+			git update-index victim &&
+			git apply --index '"$u$kind-patch.$with"' || {
+				cat '"$kind-patch.$with"'
+				(exit 1)
+			} &&
+			test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
+		'
+	done
+done
+
+for kind in add-a add-z insert-a mod-a mod-z del-a del-z
+do
+	rm -f $kind-ng.without
+	sed	-e "s/^diff --git /diff /" \
+		-e '/^index /d' \
+		<$kind-patch.without >$kind-ng.without
+	test_expect_success "apply non-git $kind-patch without context" '
+		cat original >victim &&
+		git update-index victim &&
+		git apply --unidiff-zero --index '"$kind-ng.without"' || {
+			cat '"$kind-ng.without"'
+			(exit 1)
+		} &&
+		test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'two lines' '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo aaa >file &&
+	git diff >patch &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo bbb >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --check patch
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4105-apply-fuzz.sh b/t/t4105-apply-fuzz.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3266e39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4105-apply-fuzz.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='apply with fuzz and offset'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+dotest () {
+	name="$1" && shift &&
+	test_expect_success "$name" "
+		git checkout-index -f -q -u file &&
+		git apply $* &&
+		test_cmp expect file
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >file &&
+	git update-index --add file &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a b c d e 8 9 10 11 12
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >file &&
+	cat file >expect &&
+	git diff >O0.diff &&
+
+	sed -e "s/@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@/@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@/" >O1.diff O0.diff &&
+	sed -e "s/@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@/@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@/" >O2.diff O0.diff &&
+	sed -e "s/@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@/@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@/" >O3.diff O0.diff &&
+
+	sed -e "s/^ 5/ S/" >F0.diff O0.diff &&
+	sed -e "s/^ 5/ S/" >F1.diff O1.diff &&
+	sed -e "s/^ 5/ S/" >F2.diff O2.diff &&
+	sed -e "s/^ 5/ S/" >F3.diff O3.diff
+
+'
+
+dotest 'unmodified patch' O0.diff
+
+dotest 'minus offset' O1.diff
+
+dotest 'plus offset' O2.diff
+
+dotest 'big offset' O3.diff
+
+dotest 'fuzz with no offset' -C2 F0.diff
+
+dotest 'fuzz with minus offset' -C2 F1.diff
+
+dotest 'fuzz with plus offset' -C2 F2.diff
+
+dotest 'fuzz with big offset' -C2 F3.diff
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4106-apply-stdin.sh b/t/t4106-apply-stdin.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..72467a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4106-apply-stdin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply --numstat - <patch'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello >text &&
+	git add text &&
+	echo goodbye >text &&
+	git diff >patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply --numstat - < patch' '
+	echo "1	1	text" >expect &&
+	git apply --numstat - <patch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply --numstat - < patch patch' '
+	for i in 1 2; do echo "1	1	text"; done >expect &&
+	git apply --numstat - < patch patch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh b/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b04fc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Giuseppe Bilotta
+#
+
+test_description='git-apply --ignore-whitespace.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# This primes main.c file that indents without using HT at all.
+# Various patches with HT and other spaces are attempted in the test.
+
+cat > patch1.patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+new file mode 100644
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
++#include <stdio.h>
++
++void print_int(int num);
++int func(int num);
++
++int main() {
++       int i;
++
++       for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
++               print_int(func(i)); /* stuff */
++       }
++
++       return 0;
++}
++
++int func(int num) {
++       return num * num;
++}
++
++void print_int(int num) {
++       printf("%d", num);
++}
+EOF
+
+# Since whitespace is very significant and we want to prevent whitespace
+# mangling when creating this test from a patch, we protect 'fixable'
+# whitespace by replacing spaces with Z and replacing them at patch
+# creation time, hence the sed trick.
+
+# This patch will fail unless whitespace differences are being ignored
+
+sed -e 's/Z/ /g' > patch2.patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
+Z		print_int(func(i)); /* stuff */
+Z	}
+Z
++	printf("\n");
++
+Z	return 0;
+Z}
+Z
+EOF
+
+# This patch will fail even if whitespace differences are being ignored,
+# because of the missing string at EOL. TODO: this testcase should be
+# improved by creating a line that has the same hash with and without
+# the final string.
+
+sed -e 's/Z/ /g' > patch3.patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@
+Z	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+Z		print_int(func(i));Z
++		/* stuff */
+Z	}
+EOF
+
+# This patch will fail even if whitespace differences are being ignored,
+# because of the missing EOL at EOF.
+
+sed -e 's/Z/ /g' > patch4.patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -21,1 +21,1 @@
+-	};Z
+\ No newline at end of file
++	};
+EOF
+
+# This patch will fail unless whitespace differences are being ignored.
+
+sed -e 's/Z/ /g' > patch5.patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -2,2 +2,3 @@
+Z	void print_int(int num);
++	/* a comment */
+Z	int func(int num);
+EOF
+
+# And this is how the final output should be.  Patches introduce
+# HTs but the original SP indents are mostly kept.
+
+sed -e 's/T/	/g' > main.c.final <<\EOF
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+void print_int(int num);
+T/* a comment */
+int func(int num);
+
+int main() {
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+               print_int(func(i)); /* stuff */
+       }
+
+Tprintf("\n");
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int func(int num) {
+       return num * num;
+}
+
+void print_int(int num) {
+       printf("%d", num);
+}
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'file creation' '
+	git apply patch1.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch2 fails (retab)' '
+	test_must_fail git apply patch2.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch2 applies with --ignore-whitespace' '
+	git apply --ignore-whitespace patch2.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch2 reverse applies with --ignore-space-change' '
+	git apply -R --ignore-space-change patch2.patch
+'
+
+git config apply.ignorewhitespace change
+
+test_expect_success 'patch2 applies (apply.ignorewhitespace = change)' '
+	git apply patch2.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch3 fails (missing string at EOL)' '
+	test_must_fail git apply patch3.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch4 fails (missing EOL at EOF)' '
+	test_must_fail git apply patch4.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch5 applies (leading whitespace)' '
+	git apply patch5.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patches do not mangle whitespace' '
+	test_cmp main.c main.c.final
+'
+
+test_expect_success 're-create file (with --ignore-whitespace)' '
+	rm -f main.c &&
+	git apply patch1.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch5 fails (--no-ignore-whitespace)' '
+	test_must_fail git apply --no-ignore-whitespace patch5.patch
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4109-apply-multifrag.sh b/t/t4109-apply-multifrag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ac58083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109-apply-multifrag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Robert Fitzsimons
+#
+
+test_description='git apply test patches with multiple fragments.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/patch1.patch" .
+cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/patch2.patch" .
+cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/patch3.patch" .
+cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/patch4.patch" .
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply (1)' '
+	git apply patch1.patch patch2.patch &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/expect-1" main.c
+'
+rm -f main.c
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply (2)' '
+	git apply patch1.patch patch2.patch patch3.patch &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/expect-2" main.c
+'
+rm -f main.c
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply (3)' '
+	git apply patch1.patch patch4.patch &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4109/expect-3" main.c
+'
+mv main.c main.c.git
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t4109/expect-1 b/t/t4109/expect-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1db5ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/expect-1
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int func(int num);
+void print_int(int num);
+void print_ln();
+
+int main() {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+		print_int(func(i));
+	}
+
+	print_ln();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int func(int num) {
+	return num * num;
+}
+
+void print_int(int num) {
+	printf("%d", num);
+}
+
+void print_ln() {
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
diff --git a/t/t4109/expect-2 b/t/t4109/expect-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc52924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/expect-2
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int func(int num);
+void print_int(int num);
+
+int main() {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+		print_int(func(i));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int func(int num) {
+	return num * num;
+}
+
+void print_int(int num) {
+	printf("%d", num);
+}
+
diff --git a/t/t4109/expect-3 b/t/t4109/expect-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd2a475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/expect-3
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int func(int num);
+int func2(int num);
+
+int main() {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+		printf("%d", func(i));
+		printf("%d", func3(i));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int func(int num) {
+	return num * num;
+}
+
+int func2(int num) {
+	return num * num * num;
+}
+
diff --git a/t/t4109/patch1.patch b/t/t4109/patch1.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d411fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/patch1.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+new file mode 100644
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
++#include <stdio.h>
++
++int func(int num);
++void print_int(int num);
++
++int main() {
++	int i;
++
++	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
++		print_int(func(i));
++	}
++
++	return 0;
++}
++
++int func(int num) {
++	return num * num;
++}
++
++void print_int(int num) {
++	printf("%d", num);
++}
++
diff --git a/t/t4109/patch2.patch b/t/t4109/patch2.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c6b06d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/patch2.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
++#include <stdlib.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ int func(int num);
+ void print_int(int num);
++void print_ln();
+ 
+ int main() {
+ 	int i;
+@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@
+ 		print_int(func(i));
+ 	}
+ 
++	print_ln();
++
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+ 
+@@ -21,3 +25,7 @@
+ 	printf("%d", num);
+ }
+ 
++void print_ln() {
++	printf("\n");
++}
++
diff --git a/t/t4109/patch3.patch b/t/t4109/patch3.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d696c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/patch3.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+cat > patch3.patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
+-#include <stdlib.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ int func(int num);
+ void print_int(int num);
+-void print_ln();
+ 
+ int main() {
+ 	int i;
+@@ -12,8 +10,6 @@
+ 		print_int(func(i));
+ 	}
+ 
+-	print_ln();
+-
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+ 
+@@ -25,7 +21,3 @@
+ 	printf("%d", num);
+ }
+ 
+-void print_ln() {
+-	printf("\n");
+-}
+-
diff --git a/t/t4109/patch4.patch b/t/t4109/patch4.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b08590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4109/patch4.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
+--- a/main.c
++++ b/main.c
+@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ int func(int num);
+-void print_int(int num);
++int func2(int num);
+ 
+ int main() {
+ 	int i;
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+-		print_int(func(i));
++		printf("%d", func(i));
++		printf("%d", func3(i));
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	return 0;
+@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@
+ 	return num * num;
+ }
+ 
+-void print_int(int num) {
+-	printf("%d", num);
++int func2(int num) {
++	return num * num * num;
+ }
+ 
diff --git a/t/t4110-apply-scan.sh b/t/t4110-apply-scan.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09f5811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110-apply-scan.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Robert Fitzsimons
+#
+
+test_description='git apply test for patches which require scanning forwards and backwards.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'git apply scan' '
+	git apply \
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4110/patch1.patch" \
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4110/patch2.patch" \
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4110/patch3.patch" \
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4110/patch4.patch" \
+		"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4110/patch5.patch" &&
+	test_cmp new.txt "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4110/expect"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4110/expect b/t/t4110/expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87cc493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110/expect
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+a1
+a11
+a111
+a1111
+b1
+b11
+b111
+b1111
+b2
+b22
+b222
+b2222
+c1
+c11
+c111
+c1111
+c2
+c22
+c222
+c2222
diff --git a/t/t4110/patch1.patch b/t/t4110/patch1.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5613908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110/patch1.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+diff --git a/new.txt b/new.txt
+new file mode 100644
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/new.txt
+@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
++a1
++a11
++a111
++a1111
++b1
++b11
++b111
++b1111
++c1
++c11
++c111
++c1111
diff --git a/t/t4110/patch2.patch b/t/t4110/patch2.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0497424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110/patch2.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+diff --git a/new.txt b/new.txt
+--- a/new.txt
++++ b/new.txt
+@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
+-a1
+-a11
+-a111
+-a1111
+ b1
+ b11
+ b111
diff --git a/t/t4110/patch3.patch b/t/t4110/patch3.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26bd442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110/patch3.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+diff --git a/new.txt b/new.txt
+--- a/new.txt
++++ b/new.txt
+@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
+ b11
+ b111
+ b1111
++b2
++b22
++b222
++b2222
+ c1
+ c11
+ c111
diff --git a/t/t4110/patch4.patch b/t/t4110/patch4.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ffb9c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110/patch4.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+diff --git a/new.txt b/new.txt
+--- a/new.txt
++++ b/new.txt
+@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
++a1
++a11
++a111
++a1111
+ b1
+ b11
+ b111
diff --git a/t/t4110/patch5.patch b/t/t4110/patch5.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5ac691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4110/patch5.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+diff --git a/new.txt b/new.txt
+--- a/new.txt
++++ b/new.txt
+@@ -10,3 +10,7 @@
+ c11
+ c111
+ c1111
++c2
++c22
++c222
++c2222
diff --git a/t/t4112-apply-renames.sh b/t/t4112-apply-renames.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f9ad183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4112-apply-renames.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply should not get confused with rename/copy.
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# setup
+
+mkdir -p klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc
+
+cat >klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h <<\EOF
+/*
+ * arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+ */
+
+#ifndef _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H
+#define _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H
+
+struct __jmp_buf {
+  unsigned long __rbx;
+  unsigned long __rsp;
+  unsigned long __rbp;
+  unsigned long __r12;
+  unsigned long __r13;
+  unsigned long __r14;
+  unsigned long __r15;
+  unsigned long __rip;
+};
+
+typedef struct __jmp_buf jmp_buf[1];
+
+#endif /* _SETJMP_H */
+EOF
+cat >klibc/README <<\EOF
+This is a simple readme file.
+EOF
+
+cat >patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h b/include/arch/cris/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+similarity index 76%
+copy from klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+copy to include/arch/cris/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+--- a/klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
++++ b/include/arch/cris/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
+ /*
+- * arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
++ * arch/cris/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+  */
+
+ #ifndef _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H
+ #define _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H
+
+ struct __jmp_buf {
+-  unsigned long __rbx;
+-  unsigned long __rsp;
+-  unsigned long __rbp;
+-  unsigned long __r12;
+-  unsigned long __r13;
+-  unsigned long __r14;
+-  unsigned long __r15;
+-  unsigned long __rip;
++  unsigned long __r0;
++  unsigned long __r1;
++  unsigned long __r2;
++  unsigned long __r3;
++  unsigned long __r4;
++  unsigned long __r5;
++  unsigned long __r6;
++  unsigned long __r7;
++  unsigned long __r8;
++  unsigned long __sp;
++  unsigned long __srp;
+ };
+
+ typedef struct __jmp_buf jmp_buf[1];
+
+-#endif /* _SETJMP_H */
++#endif /* _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H */
+diff --git a/klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h b/include/arch/m32r/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+similarity index 66%
+rename from klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+rename to include/arch/m32r/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+--- a/klibc/arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
++++ b/include/arch/m32r/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
+ /*
+- * arch/x86_64/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
++ * arch/m32r/include/klibc/archsetjmp.h
+  */
+
+ #ifndef _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H
+ #define _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H
+
+ struct __jmp_buf {
+-  unsigned long __rbx;
+-  unsigned long __rsp;
+-  unsigned long __rbp;
++  unsigned long __r8;
++  unsigned long __r9;
++  unsigned long __r10;
++  unsigned long __r11;
+   unsigned long __r12;
+   unsigned long __r13;
+   unsigned long __r14;
+   unsigned long __r15;
+-  unsigned long __rip;
+ };
+
+ typedef struct __jmp_buf jmp_buf[1];
+
+-#endif /* _SETJMP_H */
++#endif /* _KLIBC_ARCHSETJMP_H */
+diff --git a/klibc/README b/klibc/README
+--- a/klibc/README
++++ b/klibc/README
+@@ -1,1 +1,4 @@
+ This is a simple readme file.
++And we add a few
++lines at the
++end of it.
+diff --git a/klibc/README b/klibc/arch/README
+copy from klibc/README
+copy to klibc/arch/README
+--- a/klibc/README
++++ b/klibc/arch/README
+@@ -1,1 +1,3 @@
+ This is a simple readme file.
++And we copy it to one level down, and
++add a few lines at the end of it.
+EOF
+
+find klibc -type f -print | xargs git update-index --add --
+
+test_expect_success 'check rename/copy patch' 'git apply --check patch'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply rename/copy patch' 'git apply --index patch'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4113-apply-ending.sh b/t/t4113-apply-ending.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..66fa515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4113-apply-ending.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Catalin Marinas
+#
+
+test_description='git apply trying to add an ending line.
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# setup
+
+cat >test-patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/file b/file
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+ a
+ b
++c
+EOF
+
+echo 'a' >file
+echo 'b' >>file
+echo 'c' >>file
+
+test_expect_success setup \
+    'git update-index --add file'
+
+# test
+
+test_expect_success 'apply at the end' \
+    'test_must_fail git apply --index test-patch'
+
+cat >test-patch <<\EOF
+diff a/file b/file
+--- a/file
++++ b/file
+@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
++a
+ b
+ c
+EOF
+
+echo >file 'a
+b
+c'
+git update-index file
+
+test_expect_success 'apply at the beginning' \
+	'test_must_fail git apply --index test-patch'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..99ec13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git apply should not get confused with type changes.
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and commits' '
+	echo "hello world" > foo &&
+	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
+	git update-index --add foo bar &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch initial &&
+	rm -f foo &&
+	ln -s bar foo &&
+	git update-index foo &&
+	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
+	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
+	rm -f foo &&
+	echo "how far is the sun?" > foo &&
+	git update-index foo &&
+	git commit -m "foo back to file" &&
+	git branch foo-back-to-file &&
+	printf "\0" > foo &&
+	git update-index foo &&
+	git commit -m "foo becomes binary" &&
+	git branch foo-becomes-binary &&
+	rm -f foo &&
+	git update-index --remove foo &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo "if only I knew" > foo/baz &&
+	git update-index --add foo/baz &&
+	git commit -m "foo becomes a directory" &&
+	git branch "foo-becomes-a-directory" &&
+	echo "hello world" > foo/baz &&
+	git update-index foo/baz &&
+	git commit -m "foo/baz is the original foo" &&
+	git branch foo-baz-renamed-from-foo
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
+	git checkout -f initial &&
+	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD foo-baz-renamed-from-foo > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
+	git checkout -f foo-baz-renamed-from-foo &&
+	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD initial > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes file' '
+	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD initial > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'file becomes directory' '
+	git checkout -f initial &&
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'file becomes symlink' '
+	git checkout -f initial &&
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes file' '
+	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-back-to-file > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+test_expect_success 'binary file becomes symlink' '
+	git checkout -f foo-becomes-binary &&
+	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes binary file' '
+	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
+	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-becomes-binary > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes directory' '
+	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink' '
+	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
+	git apply --index < patch
+	'
+test_debug 'cat patch'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b852e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply symlinks and partial files
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	ln -s path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
+	git add link? &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+
+	rm -f link? &&
+
+	ln -s htap6 link1 &&
+	git update-index link? &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+
+	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >patch  &&
+	git apply --stat --summary patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply symlink patch' '
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	git apply patch &&
+	git diff-files -p >patched &&
+	test_cmp patch patched
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --index symlink patch' '
+
+	git checkout -f side &&
+	git apply --index patch &&
+	git diff-index --cached -p HEAD >patched &&
+	test_cmp patch patched
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2298ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply in reverse
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
+	perl -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
+
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	for i in a b c g h i J K L m o n p q; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
+	perl -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
+
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+	git tag second &&
+
+	git diff --binary initial second >patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply in forward' '
+
+	T0=`git rev-parse "second^{tree}"` &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git apply --index --binary patch &&
+	T1=`git write-tree` &&
+	test "$T0" = "$T1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply in reverse' '
+
+	git reset --hard second &&
+	git apply --reverse --binary --index patch &&
+	git diff >diff &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null diff
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup separate repository lacking postimage' '
+
+	git tar-tree initial initial | $TAR xf - &&
+	(
+		cd initial && git init && git add .
+	) &&
+
+	git tar-tree second second | $TAR xf - &&
+	(
+		cd second && git init && git add .
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply in forward without postimage' '
+
+	T0=`git rev-parse "second^{tree}"` &&
+	(
+		cd initial &&
+		git apply --index --binary ../patch &&
+		T1=`git write-tree` &&
+		test "$T0" = "$T1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply in reverse without postimage' '
+
+	T0=`git rev-parse "initial^{tree}"` &&
+	(
+		cd second &&
+		git apply --index --binary --reverse ../patch &&
+		T1=`git write-tree` &&
+		test "$T0" = "$T1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reversing a whitespace introduction' '
+	sed "s/a/a /" < file1 > file1.new &&
+	mv file1.new file1 &&
+	git diff | git apply --reverse --whitespace=error
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e9ccd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply with rejects
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >file1 &&
+	cat file1 >saved.file1 &&
+	git update-index --add file1 &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	for i in 1 2 A B 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 D 21
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >file1 &&
+	git diff >patch.1 &&
+	cat file1 >clean &&
+
+	for i in 1 E 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 F 21
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >expected &&
+
+	mv file1 file2 &&
+	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 &&
+	git diff -M HEAD >patch.2 &&
+
+	rm -f file1 file2 &&
+	mv saved.file1 file1 &&
+	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 &&
+
+	for i in 1 E 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 F 21
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >file1 &&
+
+	cat file1 >saved.file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
+
+	if git apply patch.1
+	then
+		echo "Eh? Why?"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	test_cmp file1 saved.file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
+
+	if git apply --verbose patch.1
+	then
+		echo "Eh? Why?"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	test_cmp file1 saved.file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
+
+	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
+	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej &&
+
+	if git apply --reject patch.1
+	then
+		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	test_cmp file1 expected &&
+
+	cat file1.rej &&
+
+	if test -f file2.rej
+	then
+		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
+
+	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
+	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej file2 &&
+
+	if git apply --reject patch.2 >rejects
+	then
+		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	test -f file1 && {
+		echo "file1 still exists?"
+		exit 1
+	}
+	test_cmp file2 expected &&
+
+	cat file2.rej &&
+
+	if test -f file1.rej
+	then
+		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the same test with --verbose' '
+
+	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
+	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej file2 &&
+
+	if git apply --reject --verbose patch.2 >rejects
+	then
+		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	test -f file1 && {
+		echo "file1 still exists?"
+		exit 1
+	}
+	test_cmp file2 expected &&
+
+	cat file2.rej &&
+
+	if test -f file1.rej
+	then
+		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply cleanly with --verbose' '
+
+	git cat-file -p HEAD:file1 >file1 &&
+	rm -f file?.rej file2 &&
+
+	git apply --verbose patch.1 &&
+
+	test_cmp file1 clean
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4118-apply-empty-context.sh b/t/t4118-apply-empty-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..65f2e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4118-apply-empty-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply with new style GNU diff with empty context
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	{
+		echo; echo;
+		echo A; echo B; echo C;
+		echo;
+	} >file1 &&
+	cat file1 >file1.orig &&
+	{
+		cat file1 &&
+		echo Q | tr -d "\\012"
+	} >file2 &&
+	cat file2 >file2.orig &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	sed -e "/^B/d" <file1.orig >file1 &&
+	cat file1 > file2 &&
+	echo Q | tr -d "\\012" >>file2 &&
+	cat file1 >file1.mods &&
+	cat file2 >file2.mods &&
+	git diff |
+	sed -e "s/^ \$//" >diff.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --numstat' '
+
+	git apply --numstat diff.output >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "0	1	file1" &&
+		echo "0	1	file2"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --apply' '
+
+	cat file1.orig >file1 &&
+	cat file2.orig >file2 &&
+	git update-index file1 file2 &&
+	git apply --index diff.output &&
+	test_cmp file1.mods file1 &&
+	test_cmp file2.mods file2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3c73a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git apply --whitespace=strip and configuration file.
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir sub &&
+	echo A >sub/file1 &&
+	cp sub/file1 saved &&
+	git add sub/file1 &&
+	echo "B " >sub/file1 &&
+	git diff >patch.file
+'
+
+# Also handcraft GNU diff output; note this has trailing whitespace.
+tr '_' ' ' >gpatch.file <<\EOF &&
+--- file1	2007-02-21 01:04:24.000000000 -0800
++++ file1+	2007-02-21 01:07:44.000000000 -0800
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-A
++B_
+EOF
+
+sed -e 's|file1|sub/&|' gpatch.file >gpatch-sub.file &&
+sed -e '
+	/^--- /s|file1|a/sub/&|
+	/^+++ /s|file1|b/sub/&|
+' gpatch.file >gpatch-ab-sub.file &&
+
+check_result () {
+	if grep " " "$1"
+	then
+		echo "Eh?"
+		false
+	elif grep B "$1"
+	then
+		echo Happy
+	else
+		echo "Huh?"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip' '
+
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	git apply --whitespace=strip patch.file &&
+	check_result sub/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip from config' '
+
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	git apply patch.file &&
+	check_result sub/file1
+'
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip in subdir' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config --unset-all apply.whitespace
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply --whitespace=strip ../patch.file &&
+	check_result file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip from config in subdir' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply ../patch.file &&
+	check_result file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same in subdir but with traditional patch input' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply ../gpatch.file &&
+	check_result file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same but with traditional patch input of depth 1' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply ../gpatch-sub.file &&
+	check_result file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same but with traditional patch input of depth 2' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply ../gpatch-ab-sub.file &&
+	check_result file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same but with traditional patch input of depth 1' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	git apply -p0 gpatch-sub.file &&
+	check_result sub/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same but with traditional patch input of depth 2' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	git apply gpatch-ab-sub.file &&
+	check_result sub/file1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b463b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Shawn O. Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='git apply -p handling.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir sub &&
+	echo A >sub/file1 &&
+	cp sub/file1 file1 &&
+	git add sub/file1 &&
+	echo B >sub/file1 &&
+	git diff >patch.file &&
+	rm sub/file1 &&
+	rmdir sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply git diff with -p2' '
+	git apply -p2 patch.file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p' '
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.file 2>err &&
+	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4121-apply-diffs.sh b/t/t4121-apply-diffs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aff551a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4121-apply-diffs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply for contextually independent diffs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo '1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8' >file
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' \
+	'git add file &&
+	git commit -q -m 1 &&
+	git checkout -b test &&
+	mv file file.tmp &&
+	echo 0 >file &&
+	cat file.tmp >>file &&
+	rm file.tmp &&
+	git commit -a -q -m 2 &&
+	echo 9 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -q -m 3 &&
+	git checkout master'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'check if contextually independent diffs for the same file apply' \
+	'( git diff test~2 test~1; git diff test~1 test~0 )| git apply'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0d3c1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='apply to deeper directory without getting fooled with symlink'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+lecho () {
+	for l_
+	do
+		echo "$l_"
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	mkdir -p arch/i386/boot arch/x86_64 &&
+	lecho 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
+	ln -s ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch test &&
+
+	rm arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	mkdir arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	lecho 2 3 4 5 6 >arch/x86_64/boot/Makefile &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+
+	git format-patch --binary -1 --stdout >test.patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success apply '
+
+	git checkout test &&
+	git diff --exit-code test &&
+	git diff --exit-code --cached test &&
+	git apply --index test.patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check result' '
+
+	git diff --exit-code master &&
+	git diff --exit-code --cached master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m replay &&
+	T1=$(git rev-parse "master^{tree}") &&
+	T2=$(git rev-parse "HEAD^{tree}") &&
+	test "z$T1" = "z$T2"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4123-apply-shrink.sh b/t/t4123-apply-shrink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..984157f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4123-apply-shrink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='apply a patch that is larger than the preimage'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >F  <<\EOF
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+999999
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
+G
+H
+I
+J
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	git add F &&
+	mv F G &&
+	sed -e "s/1/11/" -e "s/999999/9/" -e "s/H/HH/" <G >F &&
+	git diff >patch &&
+	sed -e "/^\$/d" <G >F &&
+	git add F
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply should fail gracefully' '
+
+	if git apply --index patch
+	then
+		echo Oops, should not have succeeded
+		false
+	else
+		status=$?
+		echo "Status was $status"
+		if test -f .git/index.lock
+		then
+			echo Oops, should not have crashed
+			false
+		fi
+	fi
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ca26397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='core.whitespace rules and git apply'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+prepare_test_file () {
+
+	# A line that has character X is touched iff RULE is in effect:
+	#       X  RULE
+	#   	!  trailing-space
+	#   	@  space-before-tab
+	#   	#  indent-with-non-tab
+	sed -e "s/_/ /g" -e "s/>/	/" <<-\EOF
+		An_SP in an ordinary line>and a HT.
+		>A HT.
+		_>A SP and a HT (@).
+		_>_A SP, a HT and a SP (@).
+		_______Seven SP.
+		________Eight SP (#).
+		_______>Seven SP and a HT (@).
+		________>Eight SP and a HT (@#).
+		_______>_Seven SP, a HT and a SP (@).
+		________>_Eight SP, a HT and a SP (@#).
+		_______________Fifteen SP (#).
+		_______________>Fifteen SP and a HT (@#).
+		________________Sixteen SP (#).
+		________________>Sixteen SP and a HT (@#).
+		_____a__Five SP, a non WS, two SP.
+		A line with a (!) trailing SP_
+		A line with a (!) trailing HT>
+	EOF
+}
+
+apply_patch () {
+	>target &&
+	sed -e "s|\([ab]\)/file|\1/target|" <patch |
+	git apply "$@"
+}
+
+test_fix () {
+
+	# fix should not barf
+	apply_patch --whitespace=fix || return 1
+
+	# find touched lines
+	diff file target | sed -n -e "s/^> //p" >fixed
+
+	# the changed lines are all expeced to change
+	fixed_cnt=$(wc -l <fixed)
+	case "$1" in
+	'') expect_cnt=$fixed_cnt ;;
+	?*) expect_cnt=$(grep "[$1]" <fixed | wc -l) ;;
+	esac
+	test $fixed_cnt -eq $expect_cnt || return 1
+
+	# and we are not missing anything
+	case "$1" in
+	'') expect_cnt=0 ;;
+	?*) expect_cnt=$(grep "[$1]" <file | wc -l) ;;
+	esac
+	test $fixed_cnt -eq $expect_cnt || return 1
+
+	# Get the patch actually applied
+	git diff-files -p target >fixed-patch
+	test -s fixed-patch && return 0
+
+	# Make sure it is complaint-free
+	>target
+	git apply --whitespace=error-all <fixed-patch
+
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	prepare_test_file >file &&
+	git diff-files -p >patch &&
+	>target &&
+	git add target
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=nowarn, default rule' '
+
+	apply_patch --whitespace=nowarn &&
+	diff file target
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=warn, default rule' '
+
+	apply_patch --whitespace=warn &&
+	diff file target
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=error-all, default rule' '
+
+	apply_patch --whitespace=error-all && return 1
+	test -s target && return 1
+	: happy
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=error-all, no rule' '
+
+	git config core.whitespace -trailing,-space-before,-indent &&
+	apply_patch --whitespace=error-all &&
+	diff file target
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=error-all, no rule (attribute)' '
+
+	git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+	echo "target -whitespace" >.gitattributes &&
+	apply_patch --whitespace=error-all &&
+	diff file target
+
+'
+
+for t in - ''
+do
+	case "$t" in '') tt='!' ;; *) tt= ;; esac
+	for s in - ''
+	do
+		case "$s" in '') ts='@' ;; *) ts= ;; esac
+		for i in - ''
+		do
+			case "$i" in '') ti='#' ;; *) ti= ;; esac
+			rule=${t}trailing,${s}space,${i}indent
+
+			rm -f .gitattributes
+			test_expect_success "rule=$rule" '
+				git config core.whitespace "$rule" &&
+				test_fix "$tt$ts$ti"
+			'
+
+			test_expect_success "rule=$rule (attributes)" '
+				git config --unset core.whitespace &&
+				echo "target whitespace=$rule" >.gitattributes &&
+				test_fix "$tt$ts$ti"
+			'
+
+		done
+	done
+done
+
+create_patch () {
+	sed -e "s/_/ /" <<-\EOF
+		diff --git a/target b/target
+		index e69de29..8bd6648 100644
+		--- a/target
+		+++ b/target
+		@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+		+An empty line follows
+		+
+		+A line with trailing whitespace and no newline_
+		\ No newline at end of file
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing whitespace & no newline at the end of file' '
+	>target &&
+	create_patch >patch-file &&
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-file &&
+	grep "newline$" target &&
+	grep "^$" target
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank at EOF with --whitespace=fix (1)' '
+	: these can fail depending on what we did before
+	git config --unset core.whitespace
+	rm -f .gitattributes
+
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >expect &&
+	{ cat expect; echo; } >one &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch &&
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank at EOF with --whitespace=fix (2)' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	{ echo a; echo c; } >expect &&
+	{ cat expect; echo; echo; } >one &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch &&
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank at EOF with --whitespace=fix (3)' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	{ echo a; echo c; echo; } >expect &&
+	{ cat expect; echo; echo; } >one &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch &&
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank at end of hunk, not at EOF with --whitespace=fix' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo; echo; echo; echo; echo; echo d; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	{ echo a; echo c; echo; echo; echo; echo; echo; echo; echo d; } >expect &&
+	cp expect one &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch &&
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank at EOF with --whitespace=warn' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	echo >>one &&
+	cat one >expect &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	git apply --whitespace=warn patch 2>error &&
+	test_cmp expect one &&
+	grep "new blank line at EOF" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank at EOF with --whitespace=error' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	cat one >expect &&
+	echo >>one &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --whitespace=error patch 2>error &&
+	test_cmp expect one &&
+	grep "new blank line at EOF" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blank but not empty at EOF' '
+	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; } >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	echo "   " >>one &&
+	cat one >expect &&
+	git diff -- one >patch &&
+
+	git checkout one &&
+	git apply --whitespace=warn patch 2>error &&
+	test_cmp expect one &&
+	grep "new blank line at EOF" error
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4125-apply-ws-fuzz.sh b/t/t4125-apply-ws-fuzz.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9671de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4125-apply-ws-fuzz.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='applying patch that has broken whitespaces in context'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	# file-0 is full of whitespace breakages
+	for l in a bb c d eeee f ggg h
+	do
+		echo "$l "
+	done >file-0 &&
+
+	# patch-0 creates a whitespace broken file
+	cat file-0 >file &&
+	git diff >patch-0 &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	# file-1 is still full of whitespace breakages,
+	# but has one line updated, without fixing any
+	# whitespaces.
+	# patch-1 records that change.
+	sed -e "s/d/D/" file-0 >file-1 &&
+	cat file-1 >file &&
+	git diff >patch-1 &&
+
+	# patch-all is the effect of both patch-0 and patch-1
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	cat file-1 >file &&
+	git diff >patch-all &&
+
+	# patch-2 is the same as patch-1 but is based
+	# on a version that already has whitespace fixed,
+	# and does not introduce whitespace breakages.
+	sed -e "s/ \$//" patch-1 >patch-2 &&
+
+	# If all whitespace breakages are fixed the contents
+	# should look like file-fixed
+	sed -e "s/ \$//" file-1 >file-fixed
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success nofix '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	# Baseline.  Applying without fixing any whitespace
+	# breakages.
+	git apply --whitespace=nowarn patch-0 &&
+	git apply --whitespace=nowarn patch-1 &&
+
+	# The result should obviously match.
+	test_cmp file-1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'withfix (forward)' '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	# The first application will munge the context lines
+	# the second patch depends on.  We should be able to
+	# adjust and still apply.
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-0 &&
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-1 &&
+
+	test_cmp file-fixed file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'withfix (backward)' '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	# Now we have a whitespace breakages on our side.
+	git apply --whitespace=nowarn patch-0 &&
+
+	# And somebody sends in a patch based on image
+	# with whitespace already fixed.
+	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-2 &&
+
+	# The result should accept the whitespace fixed
+	# postimage.  But the line with "h" is beyond context
+	# horizon and left unfixed.
+
+	sed -e /h/d file-fixed >fixed-head &&
+	sed -e /h/d file >file-head &&
+	test_cmp fixed-head file-head &&
+
+	sed -n -e /h/p file-fixed >fixed-tail &&
+	sed -n -e /h/p file >file-tail &&
+
+	! test_cmp fixed-tail file-tail
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4126-apply-empty.sh b/t/t4126-apply-empty.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ceb6a79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4126-apply-empty.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='apply empty'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>empty &&
+	git add empty &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	for i in a b c d e
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >empty &&
+	cat empty >expect &&
+	git diff |
+	sed -e "/^diff --git/d" \
+	    -e "/^index /d" \
+	    -e "s|a/empty|empty.orig|" \
+	    -e "s|b/empty|empty|" >patch0 &&
+	sed -e "s|empty|missing|" patch0 >patch1 &&
+	>empty &&
+	git update-index --refresh
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply empty' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f missing &&
+	git apply patch0 &&
+	test_cmp expect empty
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --index empty' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f missing &&
+	git apply --index patch0 &&
+	test_cmp expect empty &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply create' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f missing &&
+	git apply patch1 &&
+	test_cmp expect missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --index create' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -f missing &&
+	git apply --index patch1 &&
+	test_cmp expect missing &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh b/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3a8202e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4127-apply-same-fn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='apply same filename'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+modify () {
+	sed -e "$1" < "$2" > "$2".x &&
+	mv "$2".x "$2"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >same_fn &&
+	cp same_fn other_fn &&
+	git add same_fn other_fn &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+test_expect_success 'apply same filename with independent changes' '
+	modify "s/^d/z/" same_fn &&
+	git diff > patch0 &&
+	git add same_fn &&
+	modify "s/^i/y/" same_fn &&
+	git diff >> patch0 &&
+	cp same_fn same_fn2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply patch0 &&
+	diff same_fn same_fn2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply same filename with overlapping changes' '
+	git reset --hard
+	modify "s/^d/z/" same_fn &&
+	git diff > patch0 &&
+	git add same_fn &&
+	modify "s/^e/y/" same_fn &&
+	git diff >> patch0 &&
+	cp same_fn same_fn2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply patch0 &&
+	diff same_fn same_fn2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply same new filename after rename' '
+	git reset --hard
+	git mv same_fn new_fn
+	modify "s/^d/z/" new_fn &&
+	git add new_fn &&
+	git diff -M --cached > patch1 &&
+	modify "s/^e/y/" new_fn &&
+	git diff >> patch1 &&
+	cp new_fn new_fn2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply --index patch1 &&
+	diff new_fn new_fn2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply same old filename after rename -- should fail.' '
+	git reset --hard
+	git mv same_fn new_fn
+	modify "s/^d/z/" new_fn &&
+	git add new_fn &&
+	git diff -M --cached > patch1 &&
+	git mv new_fn same_fn
+	modify "s/^e/y/" same_fn &&
+	git diff >> patch1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply A->B (rename), C->A (rename), A->A -- should pass.' '
+	git reset --hard
+	git mv same_fn new_fn
+	modify "s/^d/z/" new_fn &&
+	git add new_fn &&
+	git diff -M --cached > patch1 &&
+	git commit -m "a rename" &&
+	git mv other_fn same_fn
+	modify "s/^e/y/" same_fn &&
+	git add same_fn &&
+	git diff -M --cached >> patch1 &&
+	modify "s/^g/x/" same_fn &&
+	git diff >> patch1 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git apply patch1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4128-apply-root.sh b/t/t4128-apply-root.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6cc741a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4128-apply-root.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='apply same filename'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p some/sub/dir &&
+	echo Hello > some/sub/dir/file &&
+	git add some/sub/dir/file &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial
+
+'
+
+cat > patch << EOF
+diff a/bla/blub/dir/file b/bla/blub/dir/file
+--- a/bla/blub/dir/file
++++ b/bla/blub/dir/file
+@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
+-Hello
++Bello
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --directory -p (1)' '
+
+	git apply --directory=some/sub -p3 --index patch &&
+	test Bello = $(git show :some/sub/dir/file) &&
+	test Bello = $(cat some/sub/dir/file)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --directory -p (2) ' '
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git apply --directory=some/sub/ -p3 --index patch &&
+	test Bello = $(git show :some/sub/dir/file) &&
+	test Bello = $(cat some/sub/dir/file)
+
+'
+
+cat > patch << EOF
+diff --git a/newfile b/newfile
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..d95f3ad
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/newfile
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --directory (new file)' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git apply --directory=some/sub/dir/ --index patch &&
+	test content = $(git show :some/sub/dir/newfile) &&
+	test content = $(cat some/sub/dir/newfile)
+'
+
+cat > patch << EOF
+diff --git a/c/newfile2 b/c/newfile2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..d95f3ad
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/c/newfile2
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --directory -p (new file)' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git apply -p2 --directory=some/sub/dir/ --index patch &&
+	test content = $(git show :some/sub/dir/newfile2) &&
+	test content = $(cat some/sub/dir/newfile2)
+'
+
+cat > patch << EOF
+diff --git a/delfile b/delfile
+deleted file mode 100644
+index d95f3ad..0000000
+--- a/delfile
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-content
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --directory (delete file)' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	echo content >some/sub/dir/delfile &&
+	git add some/sub/dir/delfile &&
+	git apply --directory=some/sub/dir/ --index patch &&
+	! (git ls-files | grep delfile)
+'
+
+cat > patch << 'EOF'
+diff --git "a/qu\157tefile" "b/qu\157tefile"
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..d95f3ad
+--- /dev/null
++++ "b/qu\157tefile"
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --directory (quoted filename)' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git apply --directory=some/sub/dir/ --index patch &&
+	test content = $(git show :some/sub/dir/quotefile) &&
+	test content = $(cat some/sub/dir/quotefile)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh b/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fc7af04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='applying patch with mode bits'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
+then
+	say 'filemode disabled on the filesystem'
+else
+	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
+fi
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo original >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	echo modified >file &&
+	git diff --stat -p >patch-0.txt &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	git diff --stat -p >patch-1.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'same mode (no index)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	git apply patch-0.txt &&
+	test -x file
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'same mode (with index)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git apply --index patch-0.txt &&
+	test -x file &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'same mode (index only)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	chmod +x file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git apply --cached patch-0.txt &&
+	git ls-files -s file | grep "^100755"
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'mode update (no index)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply patch-1.txt &&
+	test -x file
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'mode update (with index)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply --index patch-1.txt &&
+	test -x file &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'mode update (index only)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply --cached patch-1.txt &&
+	git ls-files -s file | grep "^100755"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh b/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7cfa2d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4130-apply-criss-cross-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply handling criss-cross rename patch.'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_file() {
+	cnt=0
+	while test $cnt -le 100
+	do
+		cnt=$(($cnt + 1))
+		echo "$2" >> "$1"
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	create_file file1 "File1 contents" &&
+	create_file file2 "File2 contents" &&
+	create_file file3 "File3 contents" &&
+	git add file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git commit -m 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'criss-cross rename' '
+	mv file1 tmp &&
+	mv file2 file1 &&
+	mv tmp file2 &&
+	cp file1 file1-swapped &&
+	cp file2 file2-swapped
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff -M -B' '
+	git diff -M -B > diff &&
+	git reset --hard
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply' '
+	git apply diff &&
+	test_cmp file1 file1-swapped &&
+	test_cmp file2 file2-swapped
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'criss-cross rename' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mv file1 tmp &&
+	mv file2 file1 &&
+	mv file3 file2
+	mv tmp file3 &&
+	cp file1 file1-swapped &&
+	cp file2 file2-swapped &&
+	cp file3 file3-swapped
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff -M -B' '
+	git diff -M -B > diff &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply' '
+	git apply diff &&
+	test_cmp file1 file1-swapped &&
+	test_cmp file2 file2-swapped &&
+	test_cmp file3 file3-swapped
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4131-apply-fake-ancestor.sh b/t/t4131-apply-fake-ancestor.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94373ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4131-apply-fake-ancestor.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Stephen Boyd
+#
+
+test_description='git apply --build-fake-ancestor handling.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit 1 &&
+	test_commit 2 &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit 3 sub/3 &&
+	test_commit 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --build-fake-ancestor' '
+	git checkout 2 &&
+	echo "A" > 1.t &&
+	git diff > 1.patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout 1 &&
+	git apply --build-fake-ancestor 1.ancestor 1.patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --build-fake-ancestor in a subdirectory' '
+	git checkout 3 &&
+	echo "C" > sub/3.t &&
+	git diff > 3.patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout 4 &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git apply --build-fake-ancestor 3.ancestor ../3.patch &&
+		test -f 3.ancestor
+	) &&
+	git apply --build-fake-ancestor 3.ancestor 3.patch &&
+	test_cmp sub/3.ancestor 3.ancestor
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4132-apply-removal.sh b/t/t4132-apply-removal.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bb1ffe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4132-apply-removal.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Junio C Hamano
+
+test_description='git-apply notices removal patches generated by GNU diff'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	cat <<-EOF >c &&
+	diff -ruN a/file b/file
+	--- a/file	TS0
+	+++ b/file	TS1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+something
+	EOF
+
+	cat <<-EOF >d &&
+	diff -ruN a/file b/file
+	--- a/file	TS0
+	+++ b/file	TS1
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-something
+	EOF
+
+	timeWest="1982-09-16 07:00:00.000000000 -0800" &&
+	 timeGMT="1982-09-16 15:00:00.000000000 +0000" &&
+	timeEast="1982-09-17 00:00:00.000000000 +0900" &&
+
+	epocWest="1969-12-31 16:00:00.000000000 -0800" &&
+	 epocGMT="1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000" &&
+	epocEast="1970-01-01 09:00:00.000000000 +0900" &&
+
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$epocWest/" -e "s/TS1/$timeWest/" <c >createWest.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$epocEast/" -e "s/TS1/$timeEast/" <c >createEast.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$epocGMT/" -e "s/TS1/$timeGMT/" <c >createGMT.patch &&
+
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeWest/" -e "s/TS1/$timeWest/" <c >addWest.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeEast/" -e "s/TS1/$timeEast/" <c >addEast.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeGMT/" -e "s/TS1/$timeGMT/" <c >addGMT.patch &&
+
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeWest/" -e "s/TS1/$timeWest/" <d >emptyWest.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeEast/" -e "s/TS1/$timeEast/" <d >emptyEast.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeGMT/" -e "s/TS1/$timeGMT/" <d >emptyGMT.patch &&
+
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeWest/" -e "s/TS1/$epocWest/" <d >removeWest.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeEast/" -e "s/TS1/$epocEast/" <d >removeEast.patch &&
+	sed -e "s/TS0/$timeGMT/" -e "s/TS1/$epocGMT/" <d >removeGMT.patch &&
+
+	echo something >something &&
+	>empty
+'
+
+for patch in *.patch
+do
+	test_expect_success "test $patch" '
+		rm -f file .git/index &&
+		case "$patch" in
+		create*)
+			# must be able to create
+			git apply --index $patch &&
+			test_cmp file something &&
+			# must notice the file is already there
+			>file &&
+			git add file &&
+			test_must_fail git apply $patch
+			;;
+		add*)
+			# must be able to create or patch
+			git apply $patch &&
+			test_cmp file something &&
+			>file &&
+			git apply $patch &&
+			test_cmp file something
+			;;
+		empty*)
+			# must leave an empty file
+			cat something >file &&
+			git add file &&
+			git apply --index $patch &&
+			test -f file &&
+			test_cmp empty file
+			;;
+		remove*)
+			# must remove the file
+			cat something >file &&
+			git add file &&
+			git apply --index $patch &&
+			! test -f file
+			;;
+		esac
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3421807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Andreas Gruenbacher
+#
+
+test_description='git apply filename consistency check'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	cat > bad1.patch <<EOF
+diff --git a/f b/f
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..d00491f
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/f-blah
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++1
+EOF
+	cat > bad2.patch <<EOF
+diff --git a/f b/f
+deleted file mode 100644
+index d00491f..0000000
+--- b/f-blah
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-1
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply diff with inconsistent filenames in headers' '
+	test_must_fail git apply bad1.patch 2>err
+	grep "inconsistent new filename" err
+	test_must_fail git apply bad2.patch 2>err
+	grep "inconsistent old filename" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..810b04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git am running'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >msg <<EOF
+second
+
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy
+eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam
+voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita
+kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem
+ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod
+tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At
+vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
+
+	Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
+	esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
+	at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
+	praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla
+	facilisi.
+
+
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
+consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut
+laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
+
+  git
+  ---
+  +++
+
+Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit
+lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure
+dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum
+dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio
+dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te
+feugait nulla facilisi.
+EOF
+
+cat >failmail <<EOF
+From foo@example.com Fri May 23 10:43:49 2008
+From:	foo@example.com
+To:	bar@example.com
+Subject: Re: [RFC/PATCH] git-foo.sh
+Date:	Fri, 23 May 2008 05:23:42 +0200
+
+Sometimes we have to find out that there's nothing left.
+
+EOF
+
+cat >pine <<EOF
+From MAILER-DAEMON Fri May 23 10:43:49 2008
+Date: 23 May 2008 05:23:42 +0200
+From: Mail System Internal Data <MAILER-DAEMON@example.com>
+Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA
+Message-ID: <foo-0001@example.com>
+
+This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not
+a real message.  It is created automatically by the mail system software.
+If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created
+with the data reset to initial values.
+
+EOF
+
+echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >expected
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+	git tag first &&
+	echo world >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -s -F msg &&
+	git tag second &&
+	git format-patch --stdout first >patch1 &&
+	{
+		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line One" &&
+		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Two" &&
+		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Three" &&
+		git format-patch --stdout first | sed -e "1d"
+	} > patch1.eml &&
+	{
+		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line One" &&
+		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Two" &&
+		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Three" &&
+		git format-patch --stdout first | sed -e "1d"
+	} | append_cr >patch1-crlf.eml &&
+	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	git format-patch --stdout first >patch2	&&
+	git checkout -b lorem &&
+	sed -n -e "11,\$p" msg >file &&
+	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "moved stuff" &&
+	echo goodbye >another &&
+	git add another &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "added another file" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master >lorem-move.patch
+'
+
+# reset time
+unset test_tick
+test_tick
+
+test_expect_success 'am applies patch correctly' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git am <patch1 &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test -z "$(git diff second)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	git am patch1.eml &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test -z "$(git diff second)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox with CRLF' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	git am patch1-crlf.eml &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test -z "$(git diff second)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
+'
+
+GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Thor"
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="a.thor@example.com"
+GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Co M Miter"
+GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="c.miter@example.com"
+export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+
+compare () {
+	test "$(git cat-file commit "$2" | grep "^$1 ")" = \
+	     "$(git cat-file commit "$3" | grep "^$1 ")"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'am changes committer and keeps author' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	git am patch2 &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse master^^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff master..HEAD)" &&
+	test -z "$(git diff master^..HEAD^)" &&
+	compare author master HEAD &&
+	compare author master^ HEAD^ &&
+	test "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" = \
+	     "$(git log -1 --pretty=format:"%cn <%ce>" HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --signoff adds Signed-off-by: line' '
+	git checkout -b master2 first &&
+	git am --signoff <patch2 &&
+	echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >>expected &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep "Signed-off-by:" >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected &&
+	echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >expected &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Signed-off-by:" >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am stays in branch' '
+	test "refs/heads/master2" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --signoff does not add Signed-off-by: line if already there' '
+	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ >patch3 &&
+	sed -e "/^Subject/ s,\[PATCH,Re: Re: Re: & 1/5 v2," patch3 >patch4
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am --signoff patch4 &&
+	test "$(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -c "^Signed-off-by:")" -eq 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am without --keep removes Re: and [PATCH] stuff' '
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse master2)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --keep really keeps the subject' '
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am --keep patch4 &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD |
+		fgrep "Re: Re: Re: [PATCH 1/5 v2] third"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
+	git checkout -b lorem2 master2 &&
+	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
+	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
+	git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test -z "$(git diff lorem)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 -q is quiet' '
+	git reset master2 --hard &&
+	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
+	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
+	git am -3 -q lorem-move.patch > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	! test -s output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am pauses on conflict' '
+	git checkout lorem2^^ &&
+	test_must_fail git am lorem-move.patch &&
+	test -d .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --skip works' '
+	git am --skip &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test -z "$(git diff lorem2^^ -- file)" &&
+	test goodbye = "$(cat another)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
+	git checkout lorem2^^ &&
+	test_must_fail git am lorem-move.patch &&
+	test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	echo resolved >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git am --resolved &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test goodbye = "$(cat another)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am takes patches from a Pine mailbox' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	cat pine patch1 | git am &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test -z "$(git diff master^..HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am fails on mail without patch' '
+	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
+	rm -r .git/rebase-apply/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
+	echo "---" >>failmail &&
+	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am works from stdin in subdirectory' '
+	rm -fr subdir &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	(
+		mkdir -p subdir &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		git am <../patch1
+	) &&
+	test -z "$(git diff second)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am works from file (relative path given) in subdirectory' '
+	rm -fr subdir &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	(
+		mkdir -p subdir &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		git am ../patch1
+	) &&
+	test -z "$(git diff second)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am works from file (absolute path given) in subdirectory' '
+	rm -fr subdir &&
+	git checkout first &&
+	P=$(pwd) &&
+	(
+		mkdir -p subdir &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		git am "$P/patch1"
+	) &&
+	test -z "$(git diff second)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --committer-date-is-author-date' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git am --committer-date-is-author-date patch1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "/^\$/q" >head1 &&
+	at=$(sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
+	ct=$(sed -ne "/^committer /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
+	test "$at" = "$ct"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am without --committer-date-is-author-date' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git am patch1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "/^\$/q" >head1 &&
+	at=$(sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
+	ct=$(sed -ne "/^committer /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
+	test "$at" != "$ct"
+'
+
+# This checks for +0000 because TZ is set to UTC and that should
+# show up when the current time is used. The date in message is set
+# by test_tick that uses -0700 timezone; if this feature does not
+# work, we will see that instead of +0000.
+test_expect_success 'am --ignore-date' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git am --ignore-date patch1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "/^\$/q" >head1 &&
+	at=$(sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
+	echo "$at" | grep "+0000"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am into an unborn branch' '
+	rm -fr subdir &&
+	mkdir -p subdir &&
+	git format-patch --numbered-files -o subdir -1 first &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git init &&
+		git am 1
+	) &&
+	result=$(
+		cd subdir && git rev-parse HEAD^{tree}
+	) &&
+	test "z$result" = "z$(git rev-parse first^{tree})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am newline in subject' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	sed -e "s/second/second \\\n foo/" patch1 > patchnl &&
+	git am < patchnl > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^Applying: second \\\n foo$" output.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -q is quiet' '
+	git checkout first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git am -q < patch1 > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	! test -s output.out
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4151-am-abort.sh b/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2b912d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='am --abort'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in a b c d e f g
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >file-1 &&
+	cp file-1 file-2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git add file-1 file-2 &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	for i in 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		echo $i >>file-1 &&
+		echo $i >otherfile-$i &&
+		git add otherfile-$i &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m $i || break
+	done &&
+	git format-patch --no-numbered initial &&
+	git checkout -b side initial &&
+	echo local change >file-2-expect
+'
+
+for with3 in '' ' -3'
+do
+	test_expect_success "am$with3 stops at a patch that does not apply" '
+
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		cp file-2-expect file-2 &&
+
+		test_must_fail git am$with3 000[1245]-*.patch &&
+		git log --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+		for i in 3 2 initial
+		do
+			echo $i
+		done >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "am$with3 --skip continue after failed am$with3" '
+		test_must_fail git am$with3 --skip >output &&
+		test "$(grep "^Applying" output)" = "Applying: 6" &&
+		test_cmp file-2-expect file-2 &&
+		test ! -f .git/rr-cache/MERGE_RR
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "am --abort goes back after failed am$with3" '
+		git am --abort &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+		git rev-parse initial >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_cmp file-2-expect file-2 &&
+		git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD &&
+		test ! -f .git/rr-cache/MERGE_RR
+	'
+
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bb402c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='git rerere
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat > a1 << EOF
+Some title
+==========
+Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
+The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
+Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
+And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
+No more; and by a sleep to say we end
+The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
+That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
+Devoutly to be wish'd.
+EOF
+
+git add a1
+git commit -q -a -m initial
+
+git checkout -b first
+cat >> a1 << EOF
+Some title
+==========
+To die, to sleep;
+To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
+For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
+When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
+Must give us pause: there's the respect
+That makes calamity of so long life;
+EOF
+git commit -q -a -m first
+
+git checkout -b second master
+git show first:a1 |
+sed -e 's/To die, t/To die! T/' -e 's/Some title/Some Title/' > a1
+echo "* END *" >>a1
+git commit -q -a -m second
+
+test_expect_success 'nothing recorded without rerere' '
+	(rm -rf .git/rr-cache; git config rerere.enabled false) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
+	! test -d .git/rr-cache
+'
+
+# activate rerere, old style
+test_expect_success 'conflicting merge' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir .git/rr-cache &&
+	git config --unset rerere.enabled &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first
+'
+
+sha1=$(perl -pe 's/	.*//' .git/MERGE_RR)
+rr=.git/rr-cache/$sha1
+test_expect_success 'recorded preimage' "grep ^=======$ $rr/preimage"
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere.enabled works, too' '
+	rm -rf .git/rr-cache &&
+	git config rerere.enabled true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
+	grep ^=======$ $rr/preimage
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no postimage or thisimage yet' \
+	"test ! -f $rr/postimage -a ! -f $rr/thisimage"
+
+test_expect_success 'preimage has right number of lines' '
+
+	cnt=$(sed -ne "/^<<<<<<</,/^>>>>>>>/p" $rr/preimage | wc -l) &&
+	test $cnt = 13
+
+'
+
+git show first:a1 > a1
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+--- a/a1
++++ b/a1
+@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+-Some Title
++Some title
+ ==========
+ Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
+ The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
+@@ -8,21 +8,11 @@
+ The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
+ That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
+ Devoutly to be wish'd.
+-<<<<<<<
+-Some Title
+-==========
+-To die! To sleep;
+-=======
+ Some title
+ ==========
+ To die, to sleep;
+->>>>>>>
+ To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
+ For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
+ When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
+ Must give us pause: there's the respect
+ That makes calamity of so long life;
+-<<<<<<<
+-=======
+-* END *
+->>>>>>>
+EOF
+git rerere diff > out
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere diff' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+a1
+EOF
+
+git rerere status > out
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere status' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit succeeds' \
+	"git commit -q -a -m 'prefer first over second'"
+
+test_expect_success 'recorded postimage' "test -f $rr/postimage"
+
+test_expect_success 'another conflicting merge' '
+	git checkout -b third master &&
+	git show second^:a1 | sed "s/To die: t/To die! T/" > a1 &&
+	git commit -q -a -m third &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . first
+'
+
+git show first:a1 | sed 's/To die: t/To die! T/' > expect
+test_expect_success 'rerere kicked in' "! grep ^=======$ a1"
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere prefers first change' 'test_cmp a1 expect'
+
+rm $rr/postimage
+echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe 'y/\012/\000/' > .git/MERGE_RR
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere clear' 'git rerere clear'
+
+test_expect_success 'clear removed the directory' "test ! -d $rr"
+
+mkdir $rr
+echo Hello > $rr/preimage
+echo World > $rr/postimage
+
+sha2=4000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+rr2=.git/rr-cache/$sha2
+mkdir $rr2
+echo Hello > $rr2/preimage
+
+almost_15_days_ago=$((60-15*86400))
+just_over_15_days_ago=$((-1-15*86400))
+almost_60_days_ago=$((60-60*86400))
+just_over_60_days_ago=$((-1-60*86400))
+
+test-chmtime =$almost_60_days_ago $rr/preimage
+test-chmtime =$almost_15_days_ago $rr2/preimage
+
+test_expect_success 'garbage collection (part1)' 'git rerere gc'
+
+test_expect_success 'young records still live' \
+	"test -f $rr/preimage && test -f $rr2/preimage"
+
+test-chmtime =$just_over_60_days_ago $rr/preimage
+test-chmtime =$just_over_15_days_ago $rr2/preimage
+
+test_expect_success 'garbage collection (part2)' 'git rerere gc'
+
+test_expect_success 'old records rest in peace' \
+	"test ! -f $rr/preimage && test ! -f $rr2/preimage"
+
+test_expect_success 'file2 added differently in two branches' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b fourth &&
+	echo Hallo > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m version1 &&
+	git checkout third &&
+	echo Bello > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m version2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fourth &&
+	echo Cello > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m resolution
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolution was recorded properly' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
+	git checkout -b fifth &&
+	echo Hallo > file3 &&
+	git add file3 &&
+	git commit -m version1 &&
+	git checkout third &&
+	echo Bello > file3 &&
+	git add file3 &&
+	git commit -m version2 &&
+	git tag version2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	test Cello = "$(cat file3)" &&
+	test 0 != $(git ls-files -u | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere.autoupdate' '
+	git config rerere.autoupdate true
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout version2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	test 0 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge --rerere-autoupdate' '
+	git config --unset rerere.autoupdate
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout version2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --rerere-autoupdate fifth &&
+	test 0 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge --no-rerere-autoupdate' '
+	git config rerere.autoupdate true
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout version2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-rerere-autoupdate fifth &&
+	test 2 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a01e55b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='git shortlog
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo 1 > a1
+git add a1
+tree=$(git write-tree)
+commit=$( (echo "Test"; echo) | git commit-tree $tree )
+git update-ref HEAD $commit
+
+echo 2 > a1
+git commit --quiet -m "This is a very, very long first line for the commit message to see if it is wrapped correctly" a1
+
+# test if the wrapping is still valid when replacing all i's by treble clefs.
+echo 3 > a1
+git commit --quiet -m "$(echo "This is a very, very long first line for the commit message to see if it is wrapped correctly" | sed "s/i/1234/g" | tr 1234 '\360\235\204\236')" a1
+
+# now fsck up the utf8
+git config i18n.commitencoding non-utf-8
+echo 4 > a1
+git commit --quiet -m "$(echo "This is a very, very long first line for the commit message to see if it is wrapped correctly" | sed "s/i/1234/g" | tr 1234 '\370\235\204\236')" a1
+
+echo 5 > a1
+git commit --quiet -m "a								12	34	56	78" a1
+
+git shortlog -w HEAD > out
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+A U Thor (5):
+      Test
+      This is a very, very long first line for the commit message to see if
+         it is wrapped correctly
+      Th𝄞s 𝄞s a very, very long f𝄞rst l𝄞ne for the comm𝄞t message to see 𝄞f
+         𝄞t 𝄞s wrapped correctly
+      Thø„žs ø„žs a very, very long fø„žrst lø„žne for the commø„žt
+         message to see ø„žf ø„žt ø„žs wrapped correctly
+      a								12	34
+         56	78
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+git log HEAD > log
+GIT_DIR=non-existing git shortlog -w < log > out
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog from non-git directory' 'test_cmp expect out'
+
+iconvfromutf8toiso88591() {
+	printf "%s" "$*" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO8859-1
+}
+
+DSCHO="Jöhännës \"Dschö\" Schindëlin"
+DSCHOE="$DSCHO <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>"
+MSG1="set a1 to 2 and some non-ASCII chars: Äßø"
+MSG2="set a1 to 3 and some non-ASCII chars: áæï"
+cat > expect << EOF
+$DSCHO (2):
+      $MSG1
+      $MSG2
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog encoding' '
+	git reset --hard "$commit" &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
+	echo 2 > a1 &&
+	git commit --quiet -m "$MSG1" --author="$DSCHOE" a1 &&
+	git config i18n.commitencoding "ISO8859-1" &&
+	echo 3 > a1 &&
+	git commit --quiet -m "$(iconvfromutf8toiso88591 "$MSG2")" \
+		--author="$(iconvfromutf8toiso88591 "$DSCHOE")" a1 &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
+	git shortlog HEAD~2.. > out &&
+test_cmp expect out'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1dc224f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git log'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo one >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	echo ichi >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+
+	git mv one ichi &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+
+	cp ichi ein &&
+	git add ein &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fourth &&
+
+	mkdir a &&
+	echo ni >a/two &&
+	git add a/two &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fifth  &&
+
+	git rm a/two &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m sixth
+
+'
+
+printf "sixth\nfifth\nfourth\nthird\nsecond\ninitial" > expect
+test_expect_success 'pretty' '
+
+	git log --pretty="format:%s" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+printf "sixth\nfifth\nfourth\nthird\nsecond\ninitial\n" > expect
+test_expect_success 'pretty (tformat)' '
+
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%s" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pretty (shortcut)' '
+
+	git log --pretty="%s" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format' '
+
+	git log --format="%s" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+ This is
+  the sixth
+  commit.
+ This is
+  the fifth
+  commit.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'format %w(12,1,2)' '
+
+	git log -2 --format="%w(12,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format %w(,1,2)' '
+
+	git log -2 --format="%w(,1,2)This is%nthe %s%ncommit." > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+804a787 sixth
+394ef78 fifth
+5d31159 fourth
+2fbe8c0 third
+f7dab8e second
+3a2fdcb initial
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'oneline' '
+
+	git log --oneline > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-filter=A' '
+
+	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=A HEAD) &&
+	expect=$(echo fifth ; echo fourth ; echo third ; echo initial) &&
+	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
+		echo Oops
+		echo "Actual: $actual"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-filter=M' '
+
+	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=M HEAD) &&
+	expect=$(echo second) &&
+	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
+		echo Oops
+		echo "Actual: $actual"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-filter=D' '
+
+	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=D HEAD) &&
+	expect=$(echo sixth ; echo third) &&
+	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
+		echo Oops
+		echo "Actual: $actual"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-filter=R' '
+
+	actual=$(git log -M --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=R HEAD) &&
+	expect=$(echo third) &&
+	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
+		echo Oops
+		echo "Actual: $actual"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-filter=C' '
+
+	actual=$(git log -C -C --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=C HEAD) &&
+	expect=$(echo fourth) &&
+	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
+		echo Oops
+		echo "Actual: $actual"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --follow' '
+
+	actual=$(git log --follow --pretty="format:%s" ichi) &&
+	expect=$(echo third ; echo second ; echo initial) &&
+	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
+		echo Oops
+		echo "Actual: $actual"
+		false
+	}
+
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+804a787 sixth
+394ef78 fifth
+5d31159 fourth
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk <commits> sorts by commit time' '
+	git log --no-walk --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+5d31159 fourth
+804a787 sixth
+394ef78 fifth
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git show <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
+	git show --oneline -s 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup case sensitivity tests' '
+	echo case >one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git add one
+	git commit -a -m Second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep' '
+	echo second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" --grep=sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -i --grep' '
+	echo Second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" -i --grep=sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep -i' '
+	echo Second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" --grep=sec -i >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+* Second
+* sixth
+* fifth
+* fourth
+* third
+* second
+* initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'simple log --graph' '
+	git log --graph --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up merge history' '
+	git checkout -b side HEAD~4 &&
+	test_commit side-1 1 1 &&
+	test_commit side-2 2 2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge side
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+*   Merge branch 'side'
+|\
+| * side-2
+| * side-1
+* | Second
+* | sixth
+* | fifth
+* | fourth
+|/
+* third
+* second
+* initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
+	git log --graph --date-order --pretty=tformat:%s |
+		sed "s/ *\$//" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+*   commit master
+|\  Merge: A B
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     Merge branch 'side'
+| |
+| * commit side
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     side-2
+| |
+| * commit tags/side-1
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     side-1
+| |
+* | commit master~1
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     Second
+| |
+* | commit master~2
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     sixth
+| |
+* | commit master~3
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     fifth
+| |
+* | commit master~4
+|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|       fourth
+|
+* commit tags/side-1~1
+| Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|     third
+|
+* commit tags/side-1~2
+| Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|     second
+|
+* commit tags/side-1~3
+  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+      initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph with full output' '
+	git log --graph --date-order --pretty=short |
+		git name-rev --name-only --stdin |
+		sed "s/Merge:.*/Merge: A B/;s/ *\$//" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up more tangled history' '
+	git checkout -b tangle HEAD~6 &&
+	test_commit tangle-a tangle-a a &&
+	git merge master~3 &&
+	git merge side~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge tangle &&
+	git checkout -b reach &&
+	test_commit reach &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b octopus-a &&
+	test_commit octopus-a &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b octopus-b &&
+	test_commit octopus-b &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit seventh &&
+	git merge octopus-a octopus-b
+	git merge reach
+'
+
+cat > expect <<\EOF
+*   Merge commit 'reach'
+|\
+| \
+|  \
+*-. \   Merge commit 'octopus-a'; commit 'octopus-b'
+|\ \ \
+* | | | seventh
+| | * | octopus-b
+| |/ /
+|/| |
+| * | octopus-a
+|/ /
+| * reach
+|/
+*   Merge branch 'tangle'
+|\
+| *   Merge branch 'side' (early part) into tangle
+| |\
+| * \   Merge branch 'master' (early part) into tangle
+| |\ \
+| * | | tangle-a
+* | | |   Merge branch 'side'
+|\ \ \ \
+| * | | | side-2
+| | |_|/
+| |/| |
+| * | | side-1
+* | | | Second
+* | | | sixth
+| |_|/
+|/| |
+* | | fifth
+* | | fourth
+|/ /
+* | third
+|/
+* second
+* initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
+	git log --graph --date-order --pretty=tformat:%s |
+		sed "s/ *\$//" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a7d1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='.mailmap configurations'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo one >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo two >>one &&
+	git add one &&
+	git commit --author "nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" -m second
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+A U Thor (1):
+      initial
+
+nick1 (1):
+      second
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'No mailmap' '
+	git shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Repo Guy (1):
+      initial
+
+nick1 (1):
+      second
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'default .mailmap' '
+	echo "Repo Guy <author@example.com>" > .mailmap &&
+	git shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# Using a mailmap file in a subdirectory of the repo here, but
+# could just as well have been a file outside of the repository
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Internal Guy (1):
+      second
+
+Repo Guy (1):
+      initial
+
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file set' '
+	mkdir internal_mailmap &&
+	echo "Internal Guy <bugs@company.xx>" > internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	git config mailmap.file internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	git shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+External Guy (1):
+      initial
+
+Internal Guy (1):
+      second
+
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file override' '
+	echo "External Guy <author@example.com>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	git config mailmap.file internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	git shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Repo Guy (1):
+      initial
+
+nick1 (1):
+      second
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file non-existant' '
+	rm internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	rmdir internal_mailmap &&
+	git shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+A U Thor (1):
+      initial
+
+nick1 (1):
+      second
+
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'No mailmap files, but configured' '
+	rm .mailmap &&
+	git shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# Extended mailmap configurations should give us the following output for shortlog
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+A U Thor <author@example.com> (1):
+      initial
+
+CTO <cto@company.xx> (1):
+      seventh
+
+Other Author <other@author.xx> (2):
+      third
+      fourth
+
+Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> (2):
+      fifth
+      sixth
+
+Some Dude <some@dude.xx> (1):
+      second
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Shortlog output (complex mapping)' '
+	echo three >>one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author "nick2 <bugs@company.xx>" -m third &&
+
+	echo four >>one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author "nick2 <nick2@company.xx>" -m fourth &&
+
+	echo five >>one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author "santa <me@company.xx>" -m fifth &&
+
+	echo six >>one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author "claus <me@company.xx>" -m sixth &&
+
+	echo seven >>one &&
+	git add one &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author "CTO <cto@coompany.xx>" -m seventh &&
+
+	mkdir internal_mailmap &&
+	echo "Committed <committer@example.com>" > internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	echo "<cto@company.xx>                       <cto@coompany.xx>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	echo "Some Dude <some@dude.xx>         nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	echo "Other Author <other@author.xx>   nick2 <bugs@company.xx>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	echo "Other Author <other@author.xx>         <nick2@company.xx>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	echo "Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> <me@company.xx>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+	echo "Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> <me@company.xx>" >> internal_mailmap/.mailmap &&
+
+	git shortlog -e HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+# git log with --pretty format which uses the name and email mailmap placemarkers
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author CTO <cto@coompany.xx> maps to CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+
+Author claus <me@company.xx> maps to Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+
+Author santa <me@company.xx> maps to Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+
+Author nick2 <nick2@company.xx> maps to Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+
+Author nick2 <bugs@company.xx> maps to Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+
+Author nick1 <bugs@company.xx> maps to Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+
+Author A U Thor <author@example.com> maps to A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> maps to Committed <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output (complex mapping)' '
+	git log --pretty=format:"Author %an <%ae> maps to %aN <%aE>%nCommitter %cn <%ce> maps to %cN <%cE>%n" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# git blame
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+^3a2fdcb (A U Thor     2005-04-07 15:13:13 -0700 1) one
+7de6f99b (Some Dude    2005-04-07 15:13:13 -0700 2) two
+5815879d (Other Author 2005-04-07 15:14:13 -0700 3) three
+ff859d96 (Other Author 2005-04-07 15:15:13 -0700 4) four
+5ab6d4fa (Santa Claus  2005-04-07 15:16:13 -0700 5) five
+38a42d8b (Santa Claus  2005-04-07 15:17:13 -0700 6) six
+8ddc0386 (CTO          2005-04-07 15:18:13 -0700 7) seven
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Blame output (complex mapping)' '
+	git blame one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4204-patch-id.sh b/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..04f7bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git patch-id'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit initial foo a &&
+	test_commit first foo b &&
+	git checkout -b same HEAD^ &&
+	test_commit same-msg foo b &&
+	git checkout -b notsame HEAD^ &&
+	test_commit notsame-msg foo c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch-id output is well-formed' '
+	git log -p -1 | git patch-id > output &&
+	grep "^[a-f0-9]\{40\} $(git rev-parse HEAD)$" output
+'
+
+get_patch_id () {
+	git log -p -1 "$1" | git patch-id |
+		sed "s# .*##" > patch-id_"$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'patch-id detects equality' '
+	get_patch_id master &&
+	get_patch_id same &&
+	test_cmp patch-id_master patch-id_same
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch-id detects inequality' '
+	get_patch_id master &&
+	get_patch_id notsame &&
+	! test_cmp patch-id_master patch-id_notsame
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4252-am-options.sh b/t/t4252-am-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f603c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252-am-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git am with options and not losing them'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+tm="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4252"
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	cp "$tm/file-1-0" file-1 &&
+	cp "$tm/file-2-0" file-2 &&
+	git add file-1 file-2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted am --whitespace=fix' '
+	rm -rf .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am --whitespace=fix "$tm"/am-test-1-? &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	grep 3 file-1 &&
+	grep "^Six$" file-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted am -C1' '
+	rm -rf .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am -C1 "$tm"/am-test-2-? &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	grep 3 file-1 &&
+	grep "^Three$" file-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted am -p2' '
+	rm -rf .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am -p2 "$tm"/am-test-3-? &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	grep 3 file-1 &&
+	grep "^Three$" file-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted am -C1 -p2' '
+	rm -rf .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am -p2 -C1 "$tm"/am-test-4-? &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	grep 3 file-1 &&
+	grep "^Three$" file-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interrupted am --directory="frotz nitfol"' '
+	rm -rf .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am --directory="frotz nitfol" "$tm"/am-test-5-? &&
+	git am --skip &&
+	grep One "frotz nitfol/file-5"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply to a funny path' '
+	with_sq="with'\''sq"
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git am --directory="$with_sq" "$tm"/am-test-5-2 &&
+	test -f "$with_sq/file-5"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --reject' '
+	rm -rf .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_must_fail git am --reject "$tm"/am-test-6-1 &&
+	grep "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@" file-2.rej &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-files --exit-code --quiet file-2 &&
+	grep "[-]-reject" .git/rebase-apply/apply-opt
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-1-1 b/t/t4252/am-test-1-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0c09dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-1-1
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Three
+
+Application of this should be rejected because the first line in the
+context does not match.
+
+diff --git i/file-1 w/file-1
+index 06e567b..10f8342 100644
+--- i/file-1
++++ w/file-1
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+ One
+ 2
+-3
++Three 
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-1-2 b/t/t4252/am-test-1-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b874ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-1-2
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Six
+
+Applying this patch with --whitespace=fix should lose 
+the trailing whitespace after "Six".
+
+diff --git i/file-2 w/file-2
+index 06e567b..b6f3a16 100644
+--- i/file-2
++++ w/file-2
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+-3
++Three
+ 4
+ 5
+-6
++Six 
+ 7
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-2-1 b/t/t4252/am-test-2-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feda94a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-2-1
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Three
+
+Application of this should be rejected even with -C1 because the
+preimage line in the context does not match.
+
+diff --git i/file-1 w/file-1
+index 06e567b..10f8342 100644
+--- i/file-1
++++ w/file-1
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+-Tres
++Three 
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-2-2 b/t/t4252/am-test-2-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ac6600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-2-2
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Six
+
+Applying this patch with -C1 should be successful even though 
+the first line in the context does not match.
+
+diff --git i/file-2 w/file-2
+index 06e567b..b6f3a16 100644
+--- i/file-2
++++ w/file-2
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ One
+ 2
+-3
++Three
+ 4
+ 5
+-6
++Six
+ 7
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-3-1 b/t/t4252/am-test-3-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..608e5ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-3-1
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Three
+
+Application of this should be rejected even with -p2 because the
+preimage line in the context does not match.
+
+diff --git i/junk/file-1 w/junk/file-1
+index 06e567b..10f8342 100644
+--- i/junk/file-1
++++ w/junk/file-1
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+-Tres
++Three 
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-3-2 b/t/t4252/am-test-3-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0081b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-3-2
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Six
+
+Applying this patch with -p2 should be successful even though
+the patch is against a wrong level.
+
+diff --git i/junk/file-2 w/junk/file-2
+index 06e567b..b6f3a16 100644
+--- i/junk/file-2
++++ w/junk/file-2
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+-3
++Three
+ 4
+ 5
+-6
++Six
+ 7
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-4-1 b/t/t4252/am-test-4-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e48cd6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-4-1
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Three
+
+Application of this should be rejected even with -C1 -p2 because
+the preimage line in the context does not match.
+
+diff --git i/junk/file-1 w/junk/file-1
+index 06e567b..10f8342 100644
+--- i/junk/file-1
++++ w/junk/file-1
+@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+-Tres
++Three 
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-4-2 b/t/t4252/am-test-4-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e69bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-4-2
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Six
+
+Applying this patch with -C1 -p2 should be successful even though
+the patch is against a wrong level and the first context line does
+not match.
+
+diff --git i/junk/file-2 w/junk/file-2
+index 06e567b..b6f3a16 100644
+--- i/junk/file-2
++++ w/junk/file-2
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ One
+ 2
+-3
++Three
+ 4
+ 5
+-6
++Six
+ 7
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-5-1 b/t/t4252/am-test-5-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da7bf29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-5-1
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Six
+
+Applying this patch with --directory='frotz nitfol' should fail
+
+diff --git i/junk/file-2 w/junk/file-2
+index 06e567b..b6f3a16 100644
+--- i/junk/file-2
++++ w/junk/file-2
+@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+ One
+ 2
+-3
++Three
+ 4
+ 5
+-6
++Six
+ 7
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-5-2 b/t/t4252/am-test-5-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..373025b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-5-2
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Six
+
+Applying this patch with --directory='frotz nitfol' should succeed
+
+diff --git i/file-5 w/file-5
+new file mode 100644
+index 000000..1d6ed9f
+--- /dev/null
++++ w/file-5
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++One
++two
++three
diff --git a/t/t4252/am-test-6-1 b/t/t4252/am-test-6-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8859e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/am-test-6-1
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+Date: Thu Dec 4 16:00:00 2008 -0800
+Subject: Huh
+
+Should fail and leave rejects
+
+diff --git i/file-2 w/file-2
+index 06e567b..b6f3a16 100644
+--- i/file-2
++++ w/file-2
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+-0
++One
+ 2
+ 3
+@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
+ 4
+ 5
+-6
++Six
+ 7
diff --git a/t/t4252/file-1-0 b/t/t4252/file-1-0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06e567b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/file-1-0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
diff --git a/t/t4252/file-2-0 b/t/t4252/file-2-0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06e567b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4252/file-2-0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..27bfba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2005 Rene Scharfe
+#
+
+test_description='git tar-tree and git get-tar-commit-id test
+
+This test covers the topics of file contents, commit date handling and
+commit id embedding:
+
+  The contents of the repository is compared to the extracted tar
+  archive.  The repository contains simple text files, symlinks and a
+  binary file (/bin/sh).  Only paths shorter than 99 characters are
+  used.
+
+  git tar-tree applies the commit date to every file in the archive it
+  creates.  The test sets the commit date to a specific value and checks
+  if the tar archive contains that value.
+
+  When giving git tar-tree a commit id (in contrast to a tree id) it
+  embeds this commit id into the tar archive as a comment.  The test
+  checks the ability of git get-tar-commit-id to figure it out from the
+  tar file.
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'populate workdir' \
+    'mkdir a b c &&
+     echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     mkdir a/bin &&
+     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
+     printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
+     if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
+	ln -s a a/l1
+     else
+	printf %s a > a/l1
+     fi &&
+     (p=long_path_to_a_file && cd a &&
+      for depth in 1 2 3 4 5; do mkdir $p && cd $p; done &&
+      echo text >file_with_long_path) &&
+     (cd a && find .) | sort >a.lst'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add ignored file' \
+    'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
+     echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add files to repository' \
+    'find a -type f | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     find a -type l | xargs git update-index --add &&
+     treeid=`git write-tree` &&
+     echo $treeid >treeid &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
+     git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create bare clone' \
+    'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+     cp .git/info/attributes bare.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'remove ignored file' \
+    'rm a/ignored'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive' \
+    'git archive HEAD >b.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git tar-tree' \
+    'git tar-tree HEAD >b2.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive vs. git tar-tree' \
+    'test_cmp b.tar b2.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive HEAD) >b3.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp b.tar b3.tar'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output' \
+    'git archive --output=b4.tar HEAD &&
+    test_cmp b.tar b4.tar'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --remote' \
+    'git archive --remote=. HEAD >b5.tar &&
+    test_cmp b.tar b5.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate file modification time' \
+    'mkdir extract &&
+     "$TAR" xf b.tar -C extract a/a &&
+     test-chmtime -v +0 extract/a/a |cut -f 1 >b.mtime &&
+     echo "1117231200" >expected.mtime &&
+     test_cmp expected.mtime b.mtime'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git get-tar-commit-id' \
+    'git get-tar-commit-id <b.tar >b.commitid &&
+     test_cmp .git/$(git symbolic-ref HEAD) b.commitid'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'extract tar archive' \
+    '(cd b && "$TAR" xf -) <b.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate filenames' \
+    '(cd b/a && find .) | sort >b.lst &&
+     test_cmp a.lst b.lst'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate file contents' \
+    'diff -r a b/a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git tar-tree with prefix' \
+    'git tar-tree HEAD prefix >c.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'extract tar archive with prefix' \
+    '(cd c && "$TAR" xf -) <c.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate filenames with prefix' \
+    '(cd c/prefix/a && find .) | sort >c.lst &&
+     test_cmp a.lst c.lst'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate file contents with prefix' \
+    'diff -r a c/prefix/a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create archives with substfiles' \
+    'cp .git/info/attributes .git/info/attributes.before &&
+     echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+     git archive HEAD >f.tar &&
+     git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >g.tar &&
+     mv .git/info/attributes.before .git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'extract substfiles' \
+    '(mkdir f && cd f && "$TAR" xf -) <f.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+     'validate substfile contents' \
+     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+      >f/a/substfile1.expected &&
+      test_cmp f/a/substfile1.expected f/a/substfile1 &&
+      test_cmp a/substfile2 f/a/substfile2
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'extract substfiles from archive with prefix' \
+    '(mkdir g && cd g && "$TAR" xf -) <g.tar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+     'validate substfile contents from archive with prefix' \
+     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+      >g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected &&
+      test_cmp g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected g/prefix/a/substfile1 &&
+      test_cmp a/substfile2 g/prefix/a/substfile2
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip' \
+    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
+    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
+	git archive --format=tar --output=d4.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp b.tar d4.zip
+'
+
+$UNZIP -v >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
+	say "Skipping ZIP tests, because unzip was not found"
+else
+	test_set_prereq UNZIP
+fi
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP \
+    'extract ZIP archive' \
+    '(mkdir d && cd d && $UNZIP ../d.zip)'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP \
+    'validate filenames' \
+    '(cd d/a && find .) | sort >d.lst &&
+     test_cmp a.lst d.lst'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP \
+    'validate file contents' \
+    'diff -r a d/a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP \
+    'extract ZIP archive with prefix' \
+    '(mkdir e && cd e && $UNZIP ../e.zip)'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP \
+    'validate filenames with prefix' \
+    '(cd e/prefix/a && find .) | sort >e.lst &&
+     test_cmp a.lst e.lst'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP \
+    'validate file contents with prefix' \
+    'diff -r a e/prefix/a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --list outside of a git repo' \
+    'GIT_DIR=some/non-existing/directory git archive --list'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
+	git archive --prefix=olde- >h.tar HEAD &&
+	(
+		mkdir h &&
+		cd h &&
+		"$TAR" xf - <../h.tar
+	) &&
+	test -d h/olde-a &&
+	test -d h/olde-a/bin &&
+	test -f h/olde-a/bin/sh
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..426b319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive attribute tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_expect_exists() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_missing() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 does not exist" "test ! -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo ignored >ignored &&
+	echo ignored export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored &&
+
+	echo ignored by tree >ignored-by-tree &&
+	echo ignored-by-tree export-ignore >.gitattributes &&
+	git add ignored-by-tree .gitattributes &&
+
+	echo ignored by worktree >ignored-by-worktree &&
+	echo ignored-by-worktree export-ignore >.gitattributes &&
+	git add ignored-by-worktree &&
+
+	printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >nosubstfile &&
+	printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >substfile1 &&
+	printf "A not substituted O" >substfile2 &&
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add nosubstfile substfile1 substfile2 &&
+
+	git commit -m. &&
+
+	git clone --bare . bare &&
+	cp .git/info/attributes bare/info/attributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive' '
+	git archive HEAD >archive.tar &&
+	(mkdir archive && cd archive && "$TAR" xf -) <archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-by-tree
+test_expect_exists	archive/ignored-by-worktree
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with worktree attributes' '
+	git archive --worktree-attributes HEAD >worktree.tar &&
+	(mkdir worktree && cd worktree && "$TAR" xf -) <worktree.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	worktree/ignored
+test_expect_exists	worktree/ignored-by-tree
+test_expect_missing	worktree/ignored-by-worktree
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive vs. bare' '
+	(cd bare && git archive HEAD) >bare-archive.tar &&
+	test_cmp archive.tar bare-archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with worktree attributes, bare' '
+	(cd bare && git archive --worktree-attributes HEAD) >bare-worktree.tar &&
+	(mkdir bare-worktree && cd bare-worktree && "$TAR" xf -) <bare-worktree.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	bare-worktree/ignored
+test_expect_exists	bare-worktree/ignored-by-tree
+test_expect_exists	bare-worktree/ignored-by-worktree
+
+test_expect_success 'export-subst' '
+	git log "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD >substfile1.expected &&
+	test_cmp nosubstfile archive/nosubstfile &&
+	test_cmp substfile1.expected archive/substfile1 &&
+	test_cmp substfile2 archive/substfile2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tar-tree vs. git archive with worktree attributes' '
+	git tar-tree HEAD >tar-tree.tar &&
+	test_cmp worktree.tar tar-tree.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git tar-tree vs. git archive with worktree attrs, bare' '
+	(cd bare && git tar-tree HEAD) >bare-tar-tree.tar &&
+	test_cmp bare-worktree.tar bare-tar-tree.tar
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ebc36c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git mailinfo and git mailsplit test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'split sample box' \
+	'git mailsplit -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/sample.mbox >last &&
+	last=`cat last` &&
+	echo total is $last &&
+	test `cat last` = 16'
+
+check_mailinfo () {
+	mail=$1 opt=$2
+	mo="$mail$opt"
+	git mailinfo -u $opt msg$mo patch$mo <$mail >info$mo &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mo msg$mo &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/patch$mo patch$mo &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/info$mo info$mo
+}
+
+
+for mail in `echo 00*`
+do
+	test_expect_success "mailinfo $mail" '
+		check_mailinfo $mail "" &&
+		if test -f "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mail--scissors
+		then
+			check_mailinfo $mail --scissors
+		fi &&
+		if test -f "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mail--no-inbody-headers
+		then
+			check_mailinfo $mail --no-inbody-headers
+		fi
+	'
+done
+
+
+test_expect_success 'split box with rfc2047 samples' \
+	'mkdir rfc2047 &&
+	git mailsplit -orfc2047 "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/rfc2047-samples.mbox \
+	  >rfc2047/last &&
+	last=`cat rfc2047/last` &&
+	echo total is $last &&
+	test `cat rfc2047/last` = 11'
+
+for mail in `echo rfc2047/00*`
+do
+	test_expect_success "mailinfo $mail" '
+		git mailinfo -u $mail-msg $mail-patch <$mail >$mail-info &&
+		echo msg &&
+		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/empty $mail-msg &&
+		echo patch &&
+		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/empty $mail-patch &&
+		echo info &&
+		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/rfc2047-info-$(basename $mail) $mail-info
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'respect NULs' '
+
+	git mailsplit -d3 -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-plain &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-plain 001 &&
+	(cat 001 | git mailinfo msg patch) &&
+	test 4 = $(wc -l < patch)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Preserve NULs out of MIME encoded message' '
+
+	git mailsplit -d5 -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-b64.in &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-b64.in 00001 &&
+	git mailinfo msg patch <00001 &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-b64.expect patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailinfo on from header without name works' '
+
+	mkdir info-from &&
+	git mailsplit -oinfo-from "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/info-from.in &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/info-from.in info-from/0001 &&
+	git mailinfo info-from/msg info-from/patch \
+	  <info-from/0001 >info-from/out &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/info-from.expect info-from/out
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5100/.gitattributes b/t/t5100/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c93f514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+msg*	encoding=UTF-8
+info*	encoding=UTF-8
+rfc2047-info-*	encoding=UTF-8
+sample.mbox	encoding=UTF-8
diff --git a/t/t5100/empty b/t/t5100/empty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/empty
diff --git a/t/t5100/info-from.expect b/t/t5100/info-from.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c31d2eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info-from.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: bare@example.com
+Email: bare@example.com
+Subject: testing bare address in from header
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info-from.in b/t/t5100/info-from.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f08209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info-from.in
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+From 667d8940e719cddee1cfe237cbbe215e20270b09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: bare@example.com
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] testing bare address in from header
+
+commit message
+---
+patch
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0001 b/t/t5100/info0001
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f951538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0001
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A (zzz) U Thor (Comment)
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: a commit.
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0002 b/t/t5100/info0002
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49bb0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0002
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: another patch
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0003 b/t/t5100/info0003
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd0d122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0003
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: third patch
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0004 b/t/t5100/info0004
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..616c309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0004
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki / 吉藤英明
+Email: yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org
+Subject: GIT: Try all addresses for given remote name
+Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 09:10:36 -0400 (EDT)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0005 b/t/t5100/info0005
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46a46fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0005
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: David Kågedal
+Email: davidk@lysator.liu.se
+Subject: Fixed two bugs in git-cvsimport-script.
+Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 20:18:25 +0200
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0006 b/t/t5100/info0006
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c05277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0006
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: a commit.
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0007 b/t/t5100/info0007
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49bb0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0007
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: another patch
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0008 b/t/t5100/info0008
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a2951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0008
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Junio C Hamano
+Email: junio@kernel.org
+Subject: another patch
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0009 b/t/t5100/info0009
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a66321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0009
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: F U Bar
+Email: f.u.bar@example.com
+Subject: updates
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2001 00:00:00 +0900
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0010 b/t/t5100/info0010
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1791241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0010
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Lukas Sandström
+Email: lukass@etek.chalmers.se
+Subject: git-mailinfo: Fix getting the subject from the body
+Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2008 23:41:33 +0200
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0011 b/t/t5100/info0011
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da5a605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0011
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: Xyzzy
+Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 13:08:37 +0200 (CEST)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0012 b/t/t5100/info0012
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1216f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0012
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Dmitriy Blinov
+Email: bda@mnsspb.ru
+Subject: Изменён список пакетов необходимых для сборки
+Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2008 17:54:41 +0300
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0013 b/t/t5100/info0013
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbe049e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0013
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: a patch
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0014 b/t/t5100/info0014
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08566b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0014
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Junio Hamano
+Email: junkio@cox.net
+Subject: BLAH ONE
+Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2009 17:18:22 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0014--scissors b/t/t5100/info0014--scissors
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab9c8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0014--scissors
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Junio C Hamano
+Email: gitster@pobox.com
+Subject: Teach mailinfo to ignore everything before -- >8 -- mark
+Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2009 17:18:22 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0015 b/t/t5100/info0015
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0114f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0015
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: 
+Email: 
+Subject: check bogus body header (from)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0015--no-inbody-headers b/t/t5100/info0015--no-inbody-headers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4d8d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0015--no-inbody-headers
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: check bogus body header (from)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0016 b/t/t5100/info0016
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38ccd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0016
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: check bogus body header (date)
+Date: bogus 
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0016--no-inbody-headers b/t/t5100/info0016--no-inbody-headers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4857d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0016--no-inbody-headers
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: check bogus body header (date)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0001 b/t/t5100/msg0001
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b275a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0001
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0002 b/t/t5100/msg0002
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2546ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0002
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.  This addresses the issue raised in the
+message:
+
+From: Nit Picker <nit.picker@example.net>
+Subject: foo is too old
+Message-Id: <nitpicker.12121212@example.net>
+
+Hopefully this would fix the problem stated there.
+
+
+I have included an extra blank line above, but it does not have to be
+stripped away here, along with the               		   
+whitespaces at the end of the above line.  They are expected to be squashed
+when the message is made into a commit log by stripspace,
+Also, there are three blank lines after this paragraph,
+two truly blank and another full of spaces in between.
+
+            
+
+Hope this helps.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0003 b/t/t5100/msg0003
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ac6810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0003
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.  This addresses the issue raised in the
+message:
+
+From: Nit Picker <nit.picker@example.net>
+Subject: foo is too old
+Message-Id: <nitpicker.12121212@example.net>
+
+Hopefully this would fix the problem stated there.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0004 b/t/t5100/msg0004
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f8ba3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0004
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Hello.
+
+Try all addresses for given remote name until it succeeds.
+Also supports IPv6.
+
+Signed-of-by: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0005 b/t/t5100/msg0005
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd94cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0005
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+The git-cvsimport-script had a copule of small bugs that prevented me
+from importing a big CVS repository.
+
+The first was that it didn't handle removed files with a multi-digit
+primary revision number.
+
+The second was that it was asking the CVS server for "F" messages,
+although they were not handled.
+
+I also updated the documentation for that script to correspond to
+actual flags.
+
+Signed-off-by: David Kågedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0006 b/t/t5100/msg0006
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b275a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0006
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0007 b/t/t5100/msg0007
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71b23c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0007
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Here is an empty patch from A U Thor.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0008 b/t/t5100/msg0008
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a80ecb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0008
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+>Here is an empty patch from A U Thor.
+
+Hey you forgot the patch!
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0009 b/t/t5100/msg0009
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ffe131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0009
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+This is to fix diff-format documentation.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0010 b/t/t5100/msg0010
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a96c230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0010
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"Subject: " isn't in the static array "header", and thus
+memcmp("Subject: ", header[i], 7) will never match.
+
+Signed-off-by: Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0011 b/t/t5100/msg0011
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4667f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0011
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Here comes a commit log message, and
+its second line is here.
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0012 b/t/t5100/msg0012
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dc2bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0012
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+textlive-* исправлены на texlive-*
+docutils заменён на python-docutils
+
+Действительно, оказалось, что rest2web вытягивает за собой
+python-docutils. В то время как сам rest2web не нужен.
+
+Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Blinov <bda@mnsspb.ru>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0013 b/t/t5100/msg0013
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0013
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0014 b/t/t5100/msg0014
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62e5cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0014
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+In real life, we will see a discussion that inspired this patch
+discussing related and unrelated things around >8 scissors mark
+in this part of the message.
+
+Subject: [PATCH] BLAH TWO
+
+And then we will see the scissors.
+
+ This line is not a scissors mark -- >8 -- but talks about it.
+ - - >8 - - please remove everything above this line - - >8 - -
+
+Subject: [PATCH] Teach mailinfo to ignore everything before -- >8 -- mark
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+This teaches mailinfo the scissors -- >8 -- mark; the command ignores
+everything before it in the message body.
+
+Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0014--scissors b/t/t5100/msg0014--scissors
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..259c6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0014--scissors
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+This teaches mailinfo the scissors -- >8 -- mark; the command ignores
+everything before it in the message body.
+
+Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0015 b/t/t5100/msg0015
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9577238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0015
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+- a list
+  - of stuff
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0015--no-inbody-headers b/t/t5100/msg0015--no-inbody-headers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be5115b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0015--no-inbody-headers
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+From: bogosity
+  - a list
+  - of stuff
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0016 b/t/t5100/msg0016
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d9adad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0016
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+and some content
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0016--no-inbody-headers b/t/t5100/msg0016--no-inbody-headers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1063f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0016--no-inbody-headers
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Date: bogus
+
+and some content
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/nul-b64.expect b/t/t5100/nul-b64.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7d680f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/nul-b64.expect
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5100/nul-b64.in b/t/t5100/nul-b64.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16540d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/nul-b64.in
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+From 667d8940e719cddee1cfe237cbbe215e20270b09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] second
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+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==
diff --git a/t/t5100/nul-plain b/t/t5100/nul-plain
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d40691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/nul-plain
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0001 b/t/t5100/patch0001
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce1551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0001
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0002 b/t/t5100/patch0002
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce1551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0002
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0003 b/t/t5100/patch0003
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce1551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0003
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0004 b/t/t5100/patch0004
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196458e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0004
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
+--- a/connect.c
++++ b/connect.c
+@@ -96,42 +96,57 @@ static enum protocol get_protocol(const 
+ 	die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
+ }
+ 
+-static void lookup_host(const char *host, struct sockaddr *in)
+-{
+-	struct addrinfo *res;
+-	int ret;
+-
+-	ret = getaddrinfo(host, NULL, NULL, &res);
+-	if (ret)
+-		die("Unable to look up %s (%s)", host, gai_strerror(ret));
+-	*in = *res->ai_addr;
+-	freeaddrinfo(res);
+-}
++#define STR_(s)	# s
++#define STR(s)	STR_(s)
+ 
+ static int git_tcp_connect(int fd[2], const char *prog, char *host, char *path)
+ {
+-	struct sockaddr addr;
+-	int port = DEFAULT_GIT_PORT, sockfd;
+-	char *colon;
+-
+-	colon = strchr(host, ':');
+-	if (colon) {
+-		char *end;
+-		unsigned long n = strtoul(colon+1, &end, 0);
+-		if (colon[1] && !*end) {
+-			*colon = 0;
+-			port = n;
++	int sockfd = -1;
++	char *colon, *end;
++	char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT);
++	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
++	int gai;
++
++	if (host[0] == '[') {
++		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
++		if (end) {
++			*end = 0;
++			end++;
++			host++;
++		} else
++			end = host;
++	} else
++		end = host;
++	colon = strchr(end, ':');
++
++	if (colon)
++		port = colon + 1;
++
++	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
++	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
++	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
++
++	gai = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &ai);
++	if (gai)
++		die("Unable to look up %s (%s)", host, gai_strerror(gai));
++
++	for (ai0 = ai; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
++		sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
++		if (sockfd < 0)
++			continue;
++		if (connect(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
++			close(sockfd);
++			sockfd = -1;
++			continue;
+ 		}
++		break;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	lookup_host(host, &addr);
+-	((struct sockaddr_in *)&addr)->sin_port = htons(port);
++	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
+ 
+-	sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP);
+ 	if (sockfd < 0)
+ 		die("unable to create socket (%s)", strerror(errno));
+-	if (connect(sockfd, (void *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0)
+-		die("unable to connect (%s)", strerror(errno));
++
+ 	fd[0] = sockfd;
+ 	fd[1] = sockfd;
+ 	packet_write(sockfd, "%s %s\n", prog, path);
+
+-- 
+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki @ USAGI Project  <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+GPG-FP  : 9022 65EB 1ECF 3AD1 0BDF  80D8 4807 F894 E062 0EEA
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0005 b/t/t5100/patch0005
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d24b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0005
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+
+ Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt |    9 ++++++++-
+ git-cvsimport-script                   |    4 ++--
+ 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+50452f9c0c2df1f04d83a26266ba704b13861632
+diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt
+@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ OPTIONS
+ 	currently, only the :local:, :ext: and :pserver: access methods 
+ 	are supported.
+ 
++-C <target-dir>::
++        The GIT repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
++        exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
++
+ -i::
+ 	Import-only: don't perform a checkout after importing.  This option
+ 	ensures the working directory and cache remain untouched and will
+@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ OPTIONS
+ 
+ -p <options-for-cvsps>::
+ 	Additional options for cvsps.
+-	The options '-x' and '-A' are implicit and should not be used here.
++	The options '-u' and '-A' are implicit and should not be used here.
+ 
+ 	If you need to pass multiple options, separate them with a comma.
+ 
+@@ -57,6 +61,9 @@ OPTIONS
+ -h::
+ 	Print a short usage message and exit.
+ 
++-z <fuzz>::
++        Pass the timestamp fuzz factor to cvsps.
++
+ OUTPUT
+ ------
+ If '-v' is specified, the script reports what it is doing.
+diff --git a/git-cvsimport-script b/git-cvsimport-script
+--- a/git-cvsimport-script
++++ b/git-cvsimport-script
+@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ sub conn {
+ 	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Root $repo\n");
+ 
+ 	# Trial and error says that this probably is the minimum set
+-	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Valid-responses ok error Valid-requests Mode M Mbinary E F Checked-in Created Updated Merged Removed\n");
++	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Valid-responses ok error Valid-requests Mode M Mbinary E Checked-in Created Updated Merged Removed\n");
+ 
+ 	$self->{'socketo'}->write("valid-requests\n");
+ 	$self->{'socketo'}->flush();
+@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ while(<CVS>) {
+ 		unlink($tmpname);
+ 		my $mode = pmode($cvs->{'mode'});
+ 		push(@new,[$mode, $sha, $fn]); # may be resurrected!
+-	} elsif($state == 9 and /^\s+(\S+):\d(?:\.\d+)+->(\d(?:\.\d+)+)\(DEAD\)\s*$/) {
++	} elsif($state == 9 and /^\s+(\S+):\d+(?:\.\d+)+->(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)\(DEAD\)\s*$/) {
+ 		my $fn = $1;
+ 		$fn =~ s#^/+##;
+ 		push(@old,$fn);
+
+-- 
+David Kågedal
+-
+To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in
+the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
+More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0006 b/t/t5100/patch0006
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce1551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0006
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0007 b/t/t5100/patch0007
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0007
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0008 b/t/t5100/patch0008
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0008
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0009 b/t/t5100/patch0009
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65615c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0009
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+diff --git a/Documentation/diff-format.txt b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+index b426a14..97756ec 100644
+--- a/Documentation/diff-format.txt
++++ b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
+ environment variable 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'.  For example, if you
+ prefer context diff:
+ 
+-      GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p $(cat .git/HEAD)
++      GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-index -p HEAD
+ 
+ 
+ 2. When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0010 b/t/t5100/patch0010
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f055481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0010
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index 962aa34..2d1520f 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ static int check_header(char *line, unsigned linesize, char **hdr_data, int over
+ 		return 1;
+ 	if (!memcmp("[PATCH]", line, 7) && isspace(line[7])) {
+ 		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+-			if (!memcmp("Subject: ", header[i], 9)) {
++			if (!memcmp("Subject", header[i], 7)) {
+ 				if (! handle_header(line, hdr_data[i], 0)) {
+ 					return 1;
+ 				}
+-- 
+1.5.6.2.455.g1efb2
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0011 b/t/t5100/patch0011
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8841d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0011
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c  |    4 ++--
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index 3e5fe51..aabfe5c 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -758,8 +758,8 @@ static void handle_body(void)
+ 		/* process any boundary lines */
+ 		if (*content_top && is_multipart_boundary(&line)) {
+ 			/* flush any leftover */
+-			if (line.len)
+-				handle_filter(&line);
++			if (prev.len)
++				handle_filter(&prev);
+ 
+ 			if (!handle_boundary())
+ 				goto handle_body_out;
+-- 
+1.6.0.rc2
+
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0012 b/t/t5100/patch0012
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36a0b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0012
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+ howto/build_navy.txt |    6 +++---
+ 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/howto/build_navy.txt b/howto/build_navy.txt
+index 3fd3afb..0ee807e 100644
+--- a/howto/build_navy.txt
++++ b/howto/build_navy.txt
+@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
+    - libxv-dev
+    - libusplash-dev
+    - latex-make
+-   - textlive-lang-cyrillic
+-   - textlive-latex-extra
++   - texlive-lang-cyrillic
++   - texlive-latex-extra
+    - dia
+    - python-pyrex
+    - libtool
+@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
+    - sox
+    - cython
+    - imagemagick
+-   - docutils
++   - python-docutils
+ 
+ #. на машине dinar: добавить свой открытый ssh-ключ в authorized_keys2 пользователя ddev
+ #. на своей машине: отредактировать /etc/sudoers (команда ``visudo``) примерно следующим образом::
+-- 
+1.5.6.5
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0013 b/t/t5100/patch0013
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0013
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0014 b/t/t5100/patch0014
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..124efd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0014
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ 1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index b0b5d8f..461c47e 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -712,6 +712,34 @@ static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+ 
++static int scissors(const struct strbuf *line)
++{
++	size_t i, len = line->len;
++	int scissors_dashes_seen = 0;
++	const char *buf = line->buf;
++
++	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
++		if (isspace(buf[i]))
++			continue;
++		if (buf[i] == '-') {
++			scissors_dashes_seen |= 02;
++			continue;
++		}
++		if (i + 1 < len && !memcmp(buf + i, ">8", 2)) {
++			scissors_dashes_seen |= 01;
++			i++;
++			continue;
++		}
++		if (i + 7 < len && !memcmp(buf + i, "cut here", 8)) {
++			i += 7;
++			continue;
++		}
++		/* everything else --- not scissors */
++		break;
++	}
++	return scissors_dashes_seen == 03;
++}
++
+ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+ {
+ 	static int still_looking = 1;
+@@ -723,10 +751,17 @@ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+ 		strbuf_ltrim(line);
+ 		if (!line->len)
+ 			return 0;
+-		if ((still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0)) != 0)
++		still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0);
++		if (still_looking)
+ 			return 0;
+ 	}
+ 
++	if (scissors(line)) {
++		fseek(cmitmsg, 0L, SEEK_SET);
++		still_looking = 1;
++		return 0;
++	}
++
+ 	/* normalize the log message to UTF-8. */
+ 	if (metainfo_charset)
+ 		convert_to_utf8(line, charset.buf);
+-- 
+1.6.4.1
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors b/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..124efd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ 1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index b0b5d8f..461c47e 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -712,6 +712,34 @@ static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+ 
++static int scissors(const struct strbuf *line)
++{
++	size_t i, len = line->len;
++	int scissors_dashes_seen = 0;
++	const char *buf = line->buf;
++
++	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
++		if (isspace(buf[i]))
++			continue;
++		if (buf[i] == '-') {
++			scissors_dashes_seen |= 02;
++			continue;
++		}
++		if (i + 1 < len && !memcmp(buf + i, ">8", 2)) {
++			scissors_dashes_seen |= 01;
++			i++;
++			continue;
++		}
++		if (i + 7 < len && !memcmp(buf + i, "cut here", 8)) {
++			i += 7;
++			continue;
++		}
++		/* everything else --- not scissors */
++		break;
++	}
++	return scissors_dashes_seen == 03;
++}
++
+ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+ {
+ 	static int still_looking = 1;
+@@ -723,10 +751,17 @@ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+ 		strbuf_ltrim(line);
+ 		if (!line->len)
+ 			return 0;
+-		if ((still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0)) != 0)
++		still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0);
++		if (still_looking)
+ 			return 0;
+ 	}
+ 
++	if (scissors(line)) {
++		fseek(cmitmsg, 0L, SEEK_SET);
++		still_looking = 1;
++		return 0;
++	}
++
+ 	/* normalize the log message to UTF-8. */
+ 	if (metainfo_charset)
+ 		convert_to_utf8(line, charset.buf);
+-- 
+1.6.4.1
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0015 b/t/t5100/patch0015
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad64848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0015
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0015--no-inbody-headers b/t/t5100/patch0015--no-inbody-headers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad64848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0015--no-inbody-headers
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0016 b/t/t5100/patch0016
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad64848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0016
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0016--no-inbody-headers b/t/t5100/patch0016--no-inbody-headers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad64848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0016--no-inbody-headers
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0001 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0001
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a383b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0001
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Author: Keith Moore
+Email: moore@cs.utk.edu
+Subject: If you can read this you understand the example.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0002 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0002
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..881be75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0002
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Author: Olle Järnefors
+Email: ojarnef@admin.kth.se
+Subject: Time for ISO 10646?
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0003 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0003
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0f7891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0003
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Author: Patrik Fältström
+Email: paf@nada.kth.se
+Subject: RFC-HDR care and feeding
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0004 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0004
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f67a90a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0004
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Author: Nathaniel Borenstein (םולש ןב ילטפנ)
+Email: nsb@thumper.bellcore.com
+Subject: Test of new header generator
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0005 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0005
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c27be3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0005
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (a)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0006 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0006
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0006
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (a b)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0007 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0007
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294f195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0007
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (ab)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0008 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0008
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294f195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0008
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (ab)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0009 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0009
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294f195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0009
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (ab)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0010 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0010
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0010
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (a b)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0011 b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0011
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dad474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-info-0011
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Subject: (a b)
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/rfc2047-samples.mbox b/t/t5100/rfc2047-samples.mbox
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fc2248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/rfc2047-samples.mbox
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: =?US-ASCII?Q?Keith_Moore?= <moore@cs.utk.edu>
+To: =?ISO8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>
+CC: =?ISO8859-1?Q?Andr=E9?= Pirard <PIRARD@vm1.ulg.ac.be>
+Subject: =?ISO8859-1?B?SWYgeW91IGNhbiByZWFkIHRoaXMgeW8=?=
+ =?ISO8859-2?B?dSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIHRoZSBleGFtcGxlLg==?=
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: =?ISO8859-1?Q?Olle_J=E4rnefors?= <ojarnef@admin.kth.se>
+To: ietf-822@dimacs.rutgers.edu, ojarnef@admin.kth.se
+Subject: Time for ISO 10646?
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@mordor.stanford.edu>
+Cc: ietf-822@dimacs.rutgers.edu, paf@comsol.se
+From: =?ISO8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@nada.kth.se>
+Subject: Re: RFC-HDR care and feeding
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Nathaniel Borenstein <nsb@thumper.bellcore.com>
+      (=?ISO8859-8?b?7eXs+SDv4SDp7Oj08A==?=)
+To: Greg Vaudreuil <gvaudre@NRI.Reston.VA.US>, Ned Freed
+   <ned@innosoft.com>, Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
+Subject: Test of new header generator
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO8859-1
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a?=)
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a?= b)
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a?= =?ISO8859-1?Q?b?=)
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a?=  =?ISO8859-1?Q?b?=)
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a?=
+    =?ISO8859-1?Q?b?=)
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a_b?=)
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Subject: (=?ISO8859-1?Q?a?= =?ISO8859-2?Q?_b?=)
diff --git a/t/t5100/sample.mbox b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de10312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+    
+	
+    
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A (zzz)
+      U
+      Thor
+      <a.u.thor@example.com> (Comment)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] a commit.
+
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.
+
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] another patch
+
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.  This addresses the issue raised in the
+message:
+
+From: Nit Picker <nit.picker@example.net>
+Subject: foo is too old
+Message-Id: <nitpicker.12121212@example.net>
+
+Hopefully this would fix the problem stated there.
+
+
+I have included an extra blank line above, but it does not have to be
+stripped away here, along with the               		   
+whitespaces at the end of the above line.  They are expected to be squashed
+when the message is made into a commit log by stripspace,
+Also, there are three blank lines after this paragraph,
+two truly blank and another full of spaces in between.
+
+            
+
+Hope this helps.
+
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Junio C Hamano <junio@kernel.org>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: re: [PATCH] another patch
+
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH] third patch
+
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.  This addresses the issue raised in the
+message:
+
+From: Nit Picker <nit.picker@example.net>
+Subject: foo is too old
+Message-Id: <nitpicker.12121212@example.net>
+
+Hopefully this would fix the problem stated there.
+
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
+From nobody Sat Aug 27 23:07:49 2005
+Path: news.gmane.org!not-for-mail
+Message-ID: <20050721.091036.01119516.yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+From: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCNUhGIzFRTEAbKEI=?= 
+	<yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+Newsgroups: gmane.comp.version-control.git
+Subject: [PATCH 1/2] GIT: Try all addresses for given remote name
+Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 09:10:36 -0400 (EDT)
+Lines: 99
+Organization: USAGI/WIDE Project
+Approved: news@gmane.org
+NNTP-Posting-Host: main.gmane.org
+Mime-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: Text/Plain; charset=us-ascii
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+X-Trace: sea.gmane.org 1121951434 29350 80.91.229.2 (21 Jul 2005 13:10:34 GMT)
+X-Complaints-To: usenet@sea.gmane.org
+NNTP-Posting-Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2005 13:10:34 +0000 (UTC)
+
+Hello.
+
+Try all addresses for given remote name until it succeeds.
+Also supports IPv6.
+
+Signed-of-by: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+
+diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
+--- a/connect.c
++++ b/connect.c
+@@ -96,42 +96,57 @@ static enum protocol get_protocol(const 
+ 	die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
+ }
+ 
+-static void lookup_host(const char *host, struct sockaddr *in)
+-{
+-	struct addrinfo *res;
+-	int ret;
+-
+-	ret = getaddrinfo(host, NULL, NULL, &res);
+-	if (ret)
+-		die("Unable to look up %s (%s)", host, gai_strerror(ret));
+-	*in = *res->ai_addr;
+-	freeaddrinfo(res);
+-}
++#define STR_(s)	# s
++#define STR(s)	STR_(s)
+ 
+ static int git_tcp_connect(int fd[2], const char *prog, char *host, char *path)
+ {
+-	struct sockaddr addr;
+-	int port = DEFAULT_GIT_PORT, sockfd;
+-	char *colon;
+-
+-	colon = strchr(host, ':');
+-	if (colon) {
+-		char *end;
+-		unsigned long n = strtoul(colon+1, &end, 0);
+-		if (colon[1] && !*end) {
+-			*colon = 0;
+-			port = n;
++	int sockfd = -1;
++	char *colon, *end;
++	char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT);
++	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
++	int gai;
++
++	if (host[0] == '[') {
++		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
++		if (end) {
++			*end = 0;
++			end++;
++			host++;
++		} else
++			end = host;
++	} else
++		end = host;
++	colon = strchr(end, ':');
++
++	if (colon)
++		port = colon + 1;
++
++	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
++	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
++	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
++
++	gai = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &ai);
++	if (gai)
++		die("Unable to look up %s (%s)", host, gai_strerror(gai));
++
++	for (ai0 = ai; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
++		sockfd = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
++		if (sockfd < 0)
++			continue;
++		if (connect(sockfd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
++			close(sockfd);
++			sockfd = -1;
++			continue;
+ 		}
++		break;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	lookup_host(host, &addr);
+-	((struct sockaddr_in *)&addr)->sin_port = htons(port);
++	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
+ 
+-	sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP);
+ 	if (sockfd < 0)
+ 		die("unable to create socket (%s)", strerror(errno));
+-	if (connect(sockfd, (void *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0)
+-		die("unable to connect (%s)", strerror(errno));
++
+ 	fd[0] = sockfd;
+ 	fd[1] = sockfd;
+ 	packet_write(sockfd, "%s %s\n", prog, path);
+
+-- 
+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki @ USAGI Project  <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+GPG-FP  : 9022 65EB 1ECF 3AD1 0BDF  80D8 4807 F894 E062 0EEA
+
+From nobody Sat Aug 27 23:07:49 2005
+Path: news.gmane.org!not-for-mail
+Message-ID: <u5tacjjdpxq.fsf@lysator.liu.se>
+From: =?ISO8859-1?Q?David_K=E5gedal?= <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+Newsgroups: gmane.comp.version-control.git
+Subject: [PATCH] Fixed two bugs in git-cvsimport-script.
+Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 20:18:25 +0200
+Lines: 83
+Approved: news@gmane.org
+NNTP-Posting-Host: main.gmane.org
+Mime-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO8859-1
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE
+X-Trace: sea.gmane.org 1124130247 31839 80.91.229.2 (15 Aug 2005 18:24:07 GMT)
+X-Complaints-To: usenet@sea.gmane.org
+NNTP-Posting-Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 18:24:07 +0000 (UTC)
+Cc: "Junio C. Hamano" <junkio@cox.net>
+Original-X-From: git-owner@vger.kernel.org Mon Aug 15 20:24:05 2005
+
+The git-cvsimport-script had a copule of small bugs that prevented me
+from importing a big CVS repository.
+
+The first was that it didn't handle removed files with a multi-digit
+primary revision number.
+
+The second was that it was asking the CVS server for "F" messages,
+although they were not handled.
+
+I also updated the documentation for that script to correspond to
+actual flags.
+
+Signed-off-by: David K=E5gedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+---
+
+ Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt |    9 ++++++++-
+ git-cvsimport-script                   |    4 ++--
+ 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+50452f9c0c2df1f04d83a26266ba704b13861632
+diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt b/Documentation/git=
+-cvsimport-script.txt
+--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt
++++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt
+@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ OPTIONS
+ 	currently, only the :local:, :ext: and :pserver: access methods=20
+ 	are supported.
+=20
++-C <target-dir>::
++        The GIT repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
++        exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
++
+ -i::
+ 	Import-only: don't perform a checkout after importing.  This option
+ 	ensures the working directory and cache remain untouched and will
+@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ OPTIONS
+=20
+ -p <options-for-cvsps>::
+ 	Additional options for cvsps.
+-	The options '-x' and '-A' are implicit and should not be used here.
++	The options '-u' and '-A' are implicit and should not be used here.
+=20
+ 	If you need to pass multiple options, separate them with a comma.
+=20
+@@ -57,6 +61,9 @@ OPTIONS
+ -h::
+ 	Print a short usage message and exit.
+=20
++-z <fuzz>::
++        Pass the timestamp fuzz factor to cvsps.
++
+ OUTPUT
+ ------
+ If '-v' is specified, the script reports what it is doing.
+diff --git a/git-cvsimport-script b/git-cvsimport-script
+--- a/git-cvsimport-script
++++ b/git-cvsimport-script
+@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ sub conn {
+ 	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Root $repo\n");
+=20
+ 	# Trial and error says that this probably is the minimum set
+-	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Valid-responses ok error Valid-requests Mo=
+de M Mbinary E F Checked-in Created Updated Merged Removed\n");
++	$self->{'socketo'}->write("Valid-responses ok error Valid-requests Mo=
+de M Mbinary E Checked-in Created Updated Merged Removed\n");
+=20
+ 	$self->{'socketo'}->write("valid-requests\n");
+ 	$self->{'socketo'}->flush();
+@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ while(<CVS>) {
+ 		unlink($tmpname);
+ 		my $mode =3D pmode($cvs->{'mode'});
+ 		push(@new,[$mode, $sha, $fn]); # may be resurrected!
+-	} elsif($state =3D=3D 9 and /^\s+(\S+):\d(?:\.\d+)+->(\d(?:\.\d+)+)\(=
+DEAD\)\s*$/) {
++	} elsif($state =3D=3D 9 and /^\s+(\S+):\d+(?:\.\d+)+->(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)=
+\(DEAD\)\s*$/) {
+ 		my $fn =3D $1;
+ 		$fn =3D~ s#^/+##;
+ 		push(@old,$fn);
+
+--=20
+David K=E5gedal
+-
+To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in
+the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
+More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+References: <Pine.LNX.4.640.0001@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0002@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0003@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0004@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0005@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0006@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0007@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0008@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0009@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0010@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0011@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0012@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0013@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0014@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0015@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0016@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0017@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0018@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0019@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0020@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0021@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0022@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0023@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0024@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0025@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0026@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0027@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0028@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0029@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0030@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0031@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0032@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0033@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0034@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0035@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0036@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0037@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0038@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0039@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0040@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0041@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0042@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0043@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0044@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0045@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0046@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0047@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0048@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0049@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+ <Pine.LNX.4.640.0050@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] a commit.
+
+Here is a patch from A U Thor.
+
+---
+ foo |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index 9123cdc..918dcf8 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-Fri Jun  9 00:44:04 PDT 2006
++Fri Jun  9 00:44:13 PDT 2006
+-- 
+1.4.0.g6f2b
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] another patch
+
+Here is an empty patch from A U Thor.
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Junio C Hamano <junio@kernel.org>
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: re: [PATCH] another patch
+
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH] another patch
+>Here is an empty patch from A U Thor.
+
+Hey you forgot the patch!
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2001 00:00:00 +0900
+Mime-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: Text/Plain; charset=us-ascii
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-Printable
+
+=0A=0AFrom: F U Bar <f.u.bar@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH] updates=0A=0AThis is to fix diff-format documentation.
+
+diff --git a/Documentation/diff-format.txt b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+index b426a14..97756ec 100644
+--- a/Documentation/diff-format.txt
++++ b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
+ environment variable 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'.  For example, if you
+ prefer context diff:
+=20
+-      GIT_DIFF_OPTS=3D-c git-diff-index -p $(cat .git/HEAD)
++      GIT_DIFF_OPTS=3D-c git-diff-index -p HEAD
+=20
+=20
+ 2. When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
+From b9704a518e21158433baa2cc2d591fea687967f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: =?UTF-8?q?Lukas=20Sandstr=C3=B6m?= <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2008 23:41:33 +0200
+Subject: Re: discussion that lead to this patch
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+
+[PATCH] git-mailinfo: Fix getting the subject from the body
+
+"Subject: " isn't in the static array "header", and thus
+memcmp("Subject: ", header[i], 7) will never match.
+
+Signed-off-by: Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c |    2 +-
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index 962aa34..2d1520f 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ static int check_header(char *line, unsigned linesize, char **hdr_data, int over
+ 		return 1;
+ 	if (!memcmp("[PATCH]", line, 7) && isspace(line[7])) {
+ 		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
+-			if (!memcmp("Subject: ", header[i], 9)) {
++			if (!memcmp("Subject", header[i], 7)) {
+ 				if (! handle_header(line, hdr_data[i], 0)) {
+ 					return 1;
+ 				}
+-- 
+1.5.6.2.455.g1efb2
+
+From nobody Fri Aug  8 22:24:03 2008
+Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 13:08:37 +0200 (CEST)
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH 3/3 v2] Xyzzy
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="=-=-="
+
+--=-=-=
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO8859-15
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+
+Here comes a commit log message, and
+its second line is here.
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c  |    4 ++--
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index 3e5fe51..aabfe5c 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -758,8 +758,8 @@ static void handle_body(void)
+ 		/* process any boundary lines */
+ 		if (*content_top && is_multipart_boundary(&line)) {
+ 			/* flush any leftover */
+-			if (line.len)
+-				handle_filter(&line);
++			if (prev.len)
++				handle_filter(&prev);
+=20
+ 			if (!handle_boundary())
+ 				goto handle_body_out;
+--=20
+1.6.0.rc2
+
+--=-=-=--
+
+From bda@mnsspb.ru Wed Nov 12 17:54:41 2008
+From: Dmitriy Blinov <bda@mnsspb.ru>
+To: navy-patches@dinar.mns.mnsspb.ru
+Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2008 17:54:41 +0300
+Message-Id: <1226501681-24923-1-git-send-email-bda@mnsspb.ru>
+X-Mailer: git-send-email 1.5.6.5
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain;
+  charset=utf-8
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Subject: [Navy-patches] [PATCH]
+	=?utf-8?b?0JjQt9C80LXQvdGR0L0g0YHQv9C40YHQvtC6INC/0LA=?=
+	=?utf-8?b?0LrQtdGC0L7QsiDQvdC10L7QsdGF0L7QtNC40LzRi9GFINC00LvRjyA=?=
+	=?utf-8?b?0YHQsdC+0YDQutC4?=
+
+textlive-* исправлены на texlive-*
+docutils заменён на python-docutils
+
+Действительно, оказалось, что rest2web вытягивает за собой
+python-docutils. В то время как сам rest2web не нужен.
+
+Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Blinov <bda@mnsspb.ru>
+---
+ howto/build_navy.txt |    6 +++---
+ 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/howto/build_navy.txt b/howto/build_navy.txt
+index 3fd3afb..0ee807e 100644
+--- a/howto/build_navy.txt
++++ b/howto/build_navy.txt
+@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
+    - libxv-dev
+    - libusplash-dev
+    - latex-make
+-   - textlive-lang-cyrillic
+-   - textlive-latex-extra
++   - texlive-lang-cyrillic
++   - texlive-latex-extra
+    - dia
+    - python-pyrex
+    - libtool
+@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
+    - sox
+    - cython
+    - imagemagick
+-   - docutils
++   - python-docutils
+ 
+ #. на машине dinar: добавить свой открытый ssh-ключ в authorized_keys2 пользователя ddev
+ #. на своей машине: отредактировать /etc/sudoers (команда ``visudo``) примерно следующим образом::
+-- 
+1.5.6.5
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: <a.u.thor@example.com> (A U Thor)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] a patch
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Junio Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2009 17:18:22 -0700
+Subject: Why doesn't git-am does not like >8 scissors mark?
+
+Subject: [PATCH] BLAH ONE
+
+In real life, we will see a discussion that inspired this patch
+discussing related and unrelated things around >8 scissors mark
+in this part of the message.
+
+Subject: [PATCH] BLAH TWO
+
+And then we will see the scissors.
+
+ This line is not a scissors mark -- >8 -- but talks about it.
+ - - >8 - - please remove everything above this line - - >8 - -
+
+Subject: [PATCH] Teach mailinfo to ignore everything before -- >8 -- mark
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+
+This teaches mailinfo the scissors -- >8 -- mark; the command ignores
+everything before it in the message body.
+
+Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+---
+ builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ 1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+index b0b5d8f..461c47e 100644
+--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
++++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
+@@ -712,6 +712,34 @@ static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+ 
++static int scissors(const struct strbuf *line)
++{
++	size_t i, len = line->len;
++	int scissors_dashes_seen = 0;
++	const char *buf = line->buf;
++
++	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
++		if (isspace(buf[i]))
++			continue;
++		if (buf[i] == '-') {
++			scissors_dashes_seen |= 02;
++			continue;
++		}
++		if (i + 1 < len && !memcmp(buf + i, ">8", 2)) {
++			scissors_dashes_seen |= 01;
++			i++;
++			continue;
++		}
++		if (i + 7 < len && !memcmp(buf + i, "cut here", 8)) {
++			i += 7;
++			continue;
++		}
++		/* everything else --- not scissors */
++		break;
++	}
++	return scissors_dashes_seen == 03;
++}
++
+ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+ {
+ 	static int still_looking = 1;
+@@ -723,10 +751,17 @@ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
+ 		strbuf_ltrim(line);
+ 		if (!line->len)
+ 			return 0;
+-		if ((still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0)) != 0)
++		still_looking = check_header(line, s_hdr_data, 0);
++		if (still_looking)
+ 			return 0;
+ 	}
+ 
++	if (scissors(line)) {
++		fseek(cmitmsg, 0L, SEEK_SET);
++		still_looking = 1;
++		return 0;
++	}
++
+ 	/* normalize the log message to UTF-8. */
+ 	if (metainfo_charset)
+ 		convert_to_utf8(line, charset.buf);
+-- 
+1.6.4.1
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: check bogus body header (from)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
+From: bogosity
+  - a list
+  - of stuff
+---
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: check bogus body header (date)
+Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2006 00:44:16 -0700
+
+Date: bogus
+
+and some content
+
+---
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++content
+
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1058d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git pack-object
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+TRASH=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'rm -f .git/index*
+     perl -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
+     perl -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
+     perl -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
+     test-genrandom "seed a" 2097152 > a_big &&
+     test-genrandom "seed b" 2097152 > b_big &&
+     git update-index --add a a_big b b_big c &&
+     cat c >d && echo foo >>d && git update-index --add d &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     commit=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` && {
+	 echo $tree &&
+	 echo $commit &&
+	 git ls-tree $tree | sed -e "s/.* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)	.*/\\1/"
+     } >obj-list && {
+	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
+	 while read object
+	 do
+	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
+	 done <obj-list
+     } >expect'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'pack without delta' \
+    'packname_1=$(git pack-objects --window=0 test-1 <obj-list)'
+
+rm -fr .git2
+mkdir .git2
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'unpack without delta' \
+    "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git2/objects &&
+     export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+     git init &&
+     git unpack-objects -n <test-1-${packname_1}.pack &&
+     git unpack-objects <test-1-${packname_1}.pack"
+
+unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
+cd "$TRASH/.git2"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'check unpack without delta' \
+    '(cd ../.git && find objects -type f -print) |
+     while read path
+     do
+         cmp $path ../.git/$path || {
+	     echo $path differs.
+	     return 1
+	 }
+     done'
+cd "$TRASH"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'pack with REF_DELTA' \
+    'pwd &&
+     packname_2=$(git pack-objects test-2 <obj-list)'
+
+rm -fr .git2
+mkdir .git2
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'unpack with REF_DELTA' \
+    'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git2/objects &&
+     export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+     git init &&
+     git unpack-objects -n <test-2-${packname_2}.pack &&
+     git unpack-objects <test-2-${packname_2}.pack'
+
+unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
+cd "$TRASH/.git2"
+test_expect_success \
+    'check unpack with REF_DELTA' \
+    '(cd ../.git && find objects -type f -print) |
+     while read path
+     do
+         cmp $path ../.git/$path || {
+	     echo $path differs.
+	     return 1
+	 }
+     done'
+cd "$TRASH"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'pack with OFS_DELTA' \
+    'pwd &&
+     packname_3=$(git pack-objects --delta-base-offset test-3 <obj-list)'
+
+rm -fr .git2
+mkdir .git2
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'unpack with OFS_DELTA' \
+    'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git2/objects &&
+     export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+     git init &&
+     git unpack-objects -n <test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+     git unpack-objects <test-3-${packname_3}.pack'
+
+unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
+cd "$TRASH/.git2"
+test_expect_success \
+    'check unpack with OFS_DELTA' \
+    '(cd ../.git && find objects -type f -print) |
+     while read path
+     do
+         cmp $path ../.git/$path || {
+	     echo $path differs.
+	     return 1
+	 }
+     done'
+cd "$TRASH"
+
+test_expect_success 'compare delta flavors' '
+	perl -e '\''
+		defined($_ = -s $_) or die for @ARGV;
+		exit 1 if $ARGV[0] <= $ARGV[1];
+	'\'' test-2-$packname_2.pack test-3-$packname_3.pack
+'
+
+rm -fr .git2
+mkdir .git2
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'use packed objects' \
+    'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git2/objects &&
+     export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+     git init &&
+     cp test-1-${packname_1}.pack test-1-${packname_1}.idx .git2/objects/pack && {
+	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
+	 while read object
+	 do
+	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
+	 done <obj-list
+    } >current &&
+    diff expect current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'use packed deltified (REF_DELTA) objects' \
+    'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git2/objects &&
+     export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+     rm -f .git2/objects/pack/test-* &&
+     cp test-2-${packname_2}.pack test-2-${packname_2}.idx .git2/objects/pack && {
+	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
+	 while read object
+	 do
+	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
+	 done <obj-list
+    } >current &&
+    diff expect current'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'use packed deltified (OFS_DELTA) objects' \
+    'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git2/objects &&
+     export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+     rm -f .git2/objects/pack/test-* &&
+     cp test-3-${packname_3}.pack test-3-${packname_3}.idx .git2/objects/pack && {
+	 git diff-tree --root -p $commit &&
+	 while read object
+	 do
+	    t=`git cat-file -t $object` &&
+	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
+	 done <obj-list
+    } >current &&
+    diff expect current'
+
+unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
+
+test_expect_success 'survive missing objects/pack directory' '
+	(
+		rm -fr missing-pack &&
+		mkdir missing-pack &&
+		cd missing-pack &&
+		git init &&
+		GOP=.git/objects/pack
+		rm -fr $GOP &&
+		git index-pack --stdin --keep=test <../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack &&
+		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx &&
+		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
+		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.keep
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify pack' \
+    'git verify-pack	test-1-${packname_1}.idx \
+			test-2-${packname_2}.idx \
+			test-3-${packname_3}.idx'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify pack -v' \
+    'git verify-pack -v	test-1-${packname_1}.idx \
+			test-2-${packname_2}.idx \
+			test-3-${packname_3}.idx'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack catches mismatched .idx and .pack files' \
+    'cat test-1-${packname_1}.idx >test-3.idx &&
+     cat test-2-${packname_2}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     if git verify-pack test-3.idx
+     then false
+     else :;
+     fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack catches a corrupted pack signature' \
+    'cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     echo | dd of=test-3.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=2 &&
+     if git verify-pack test-3.idx
+     then false
+     else :;
+     fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack catches a corrupted pack version' \
+    'cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     echo | dd of=test-3.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=7 &&
+     if git verify-pack test-3.idx
+     then false
+     else :;
+     fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack catches a corrupted type/size of the 1st packed object data' \
+    'cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     echo | dd of=test-3.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=12 &&
+     if git verify-pack test-3.idx
+     then false
+     else :;
+     fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack catches a corrupted sum of the index file itself' \
+    'l=`wc -c <test-3.idx` &&
+     l=`expr $l - 20` &&
+     cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     printf "%20s" "" | dd of=test-3.idx count=20 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$l &&
+     if git verify-pack test-3.pack
+     then false
+     else :;
+     fi'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'build pack index for an existing pack' \
+    'cat test-1-${packname_1}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     git index-pack -o tmp.idx test-3.pack &&
+     cmp tmp.idx test-1-${packname_1}.idx &&
+
+     git index-pack test-3.pack &&
+     cmp test-3.idx test-1-${packname_1}.idx &&
+
+     cat test-2-${packname_2}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     git index-pack -o tmp.idx test-2-${packname_2}.pack &&
+     cmp tmp.idx test-2-${packname_2}.idx &&
+
+     git index-pack test-3.pack &&
+     cmp test-3.idx test-2-${packname_2}.idx &&
+
+     cat test-3-${packname_3}.pack >test-3.pack &&
+     git index-pack -o tmp.idx test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+     cmp tmp.idx test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
+
+     git index-pack test-3.pack &&
+     cmp test-3.idx test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
+
+     :'
+
+test_expect_success 'unpacking with --strict' '
+
+	for j in a b c d e f g
+	do
+		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			o=$(echo $j$i | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+			echo "100644 $o	0 $j$i"
+		done
+	done >LIST &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git update-index --index-info <LIST &&
+	LIST=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	head -n 10 LIST | git update-index --index-info &&
+	LI=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	tail -n 10 LIST | git update-index --index-info &&
+	ST=$(git write-tree) &&
+	PACK5=$( git rev-list --objects "$LIST" "$LI" "$ST" | \
+		git pack-objects test-5 ) &&
+	PACK6=$( (
+			echo "$LIST"
+			echo "$LI"
+			echo "$ST"
+		 ) | git pack-objects test-6 ) &&
+	test_create_repo test-5 &&
+	(
+		cd test-5 &&
+		git unpack-objects --strict <../test-5-$PACK5.pack &&
+		git ls-tree -r $LIST &&
+		git ls-tree -r $LI &&
+		git ls-tree -r $ST
+	) &&
+	test_create_repo test-6 &&
+	(
+		# tree-only into empty repo -- many unreachables
+		cd test-6 &&
+		test_must_fail git unpack-objects --strict <../test-6-$PACK6.pack
+	) &&
+	(
+		# already populated -- no unreachables
+		cd test-5 &&
+		git unpack-objects --strict <../test-6-$PACK6.pack
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack with --strict' '
+
+	for j in a b c d e f g
+	do
+		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			o=$(echo $j$i | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+			echo "100644 $o	0 $j$i"
+		done
+	done >LIST &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git update-index --index-info <LIST &&
+	LIST=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	head -n 10 LIST | git update-index --index-info &&
+	LI=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	tail -n 10 LIST | git update-index --index-info &&
+	ST=$(git write-tree) &&
+	PACK5=$( git rev-list --objects "$LIST" "$LI" "$ST" | \
+		git pack-objects test-5 ) &&
+	PACK6=$( (
+			echo "$LIST"
+			echo "$LI"
+			echo "$ST"
+		 ) | git pack-objects test-6 ) &&
+	test_create_repo test-7 &&
+	(
+		cd test-7 &&
+		git index-pack --strict --stdin <../test-5-$PACK5.pack &&
+		git ls-tree -r $LIST &&
+		git ls-tree -r $LI &&
+		git ls-tree -r $ST
+	) &&
+	test_create_repo test-8 &&
+	(
+		# tree-only into empty repo -- many unreachables
+		cd test-8 &&
+		test_must_fail git index-pack --strict --stdin <../test-6-$PACK6.pack
+	) &&
+	(
+		# already populated -- no unreachables
+		cd test-7 &&
+		git index-pack --strict --stdin <../test-6-$PACK6.pack
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'honor pack.packSizeLimit' '
+	git config pack.packSizeLimit 3m &&
+	packname_10=$(git pack-objects test-10 <obj-list) &&
+	test 2 = $(ls test-10-*.pack | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify resulting packs' '
+	git verify-pack test-10-*.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tolerate packsizelimit smaller than biggest object' '
+	git config pack.packSizeLimit 1 &&
+	packname_11=$(git pack-objects test-11 <obj-list) &&
+	test 3 = $(ls test-11-*.pack | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify resulting packs' '
+	git verify-pack test-11-*.pack
+'
+
+#
+# WARNING!
+#
+# The following test is destructive.  Please keep the next
+# two tests at the end of this file.
+#
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'fake a SHA1 hash collision' \
+    'test -f	.git/objects/c8/2de19312b6c3695c0c18f70709a6c535682a67 &&
+     cp -f	.git/objects/9d/235ed07cd19811a6ceb342de82f190e49c9f68 \
+		.git/objects/c8/2de19312b6c3695c0c18f70709a6c535682a67'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision' \
+    'test_must_fail git index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
+     grep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh b/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0a24e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5301-sliding-window.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='mmap sliding window tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'rm -f .git/index*
+     for i in a b c
+     do
+         echo $i >$i &&
+         test-genrandom "$i" 32768 >>$i &&
+         git update-index --add $i || return 1
+     done &&
+     echo d >d && cat c >>d && git update-index --add d &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     commit1=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $commit1 &&
+     git repack -a -d &&
+     test "`git count-objects`" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
+     pack1=`ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack` &&
+     test -f "$pack1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack -v, defaults' \
+    'git verify-pack -v "$pack1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack -v, packedGitWindowSize == 1 page' \
+    'git config core.packedGitWindowSize 512 &&
+     git verify-pack -v "$pack1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack -v, packedGit{WindowSize,Limit} == 1 page' \
+    'git config core.packedGitWindowSize 512 &&
+     git config core.packedGitLimit 512 &&
+     git verify-pack -v "$pack1"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'repack -a -d, packedGit{WindowSize,Limit} == 1 page' \
+    'git config core.packedGitWindowSize 512 &&
+     git config core.packedGitLimit 512 &&
+     commit2=`git commit-tree $tree -p $commit1 </dev/null` &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $commit2 &&
+     git repack -a -d &&
+     test "`git count-objects`" = "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" &&
+     pack2=`ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack` &&
+     test -f "$pack2"
+     test "$pack1" \!= "$pack2"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'verify-pack -v, defaults' \
+    'git config --unset core.packedGitWindowSize &&
+     git config --unset core.packedGitLimit &&
+     git verify-pack -v "$pack2"'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4360e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Nicolas Pitre
+#
+
+test_description='pack index with 64-bit offsets and object CRC'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup' \
+    'rm -rf .git
+     git init &&
+     git config pack.threads 1 &&
+     i=1 &&
+     while test $i -le 100
+     do
+         iii=`printf '%03i' $i`
+         test-genrandom "bar" 200 > wide_delta_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "baz $iii" 50 >> wide_delta_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "foo"$i 100 > deep_delta_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "foo"`expr $i + 1` 100 >> deep_delta_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "foo"`expr $i + 2` 100 >> deep_delta_$iii &&
+         echo $iii >file_$iii &&
+         test-genrandom "$iii" 8192 >>file_$iii &&
+         git update-index --add file_$iii deep_delta_$iii wide_delta_$iii &&
+         i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+     done &&
+     { echo 101 && test-genrandom 100 8192; } >file_101 &&
+     git update-index --add file_101 &&
+     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     commit=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` && {
+	 echo $tree &&
+	 git ls-tree $tree | sed -e "s/.* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)	.*/\\1/"
+     } >obj-list &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $commit'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'pack-objects with index version 1' \
+    'pack1=$(git pack-objects --index-version=1 test-1 <obj-list) &&
+     git verify-pack -v "test-1-${pack1}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'pack-objects with index version 2' \
+    'pack2=$(git pack-objects --index-version=2 test-2 <obj-list) &&
+     git verify-pack -v "test-2-${pack2}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'both packs should be identical' \
+    'cmp "test-1-${pack1}.pack" "test-2-${pack2}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'index v1 and index v2 should be different' \
+    '! cmp "test-1-${pack1}.idx" "test-2-${pack2}.idx"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'index-pack with index version 1' \
+    'git index-pack --index-version=1 -o 1.idx "test-1-${pack1}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'index-pack with index version 2' \
+    'git index-pack --index-version=2 -o 2.idx "test-1-${pack1}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'index-pack results should match pack-objects ones' \
+    'cmp "test-1-${pack1}.idx" "1.idx" &&
+     cmp "test-2-${pack2}.idx" "2.idx"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'index v2: force some 64-bit offsets with pack-objects' \
+    'pack3=$(git pack-objects --index-version=2,0x40000 test-3 <obj-list)'
+
+if msg=$(git verify-pack -v "test-3-${pack3}.pack" 2>&1) ||
+	! (echo "$msg" | grep "pack too large .* off_t")
+then
+	test_set_prereq OFF64_T
+else
+	say "skipping tests concerning 64-bit offsets"
+fi
+
+test_expect_success OFF64_T \
+    'index v2: verify a pack with some 64-bit offsets' \
+    'git verify-pack -v "test-3-${pack3}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success OFF64_T \
+    '64-bit offsets: should be different from previous index v2 results' \
+    '! cmp "test-2-${pack2}.idx" "test-3-${pack3}.idx"'
+
+test_expect_success OFF64_T \
+    'index v2: force some 64-bit offsets with index-pack' \
+    'git index-pack --index-version=2,0x40000 -o 3.idx "test-1-${pack1}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success OFF64_T \
+    '64-bit offsets: index-pack result should match pack-objects one' \
+    'cmp "test-3-${pack3}.idx" "3.idx"'
+
+# returns the object number for given object in given pack index
+index_obj_nr()
+{
+    idx_file=$1
+    object_sha1=$2
+    nr=0
+    git show-index < $idx_file |
+    while read offs sha1 extra
+    do
+      nr=$(($nr + 1))
+      test "$sha1" = "$object_sha1" || continue
+      echo "$(($nr - 1))"
+      break
+    done
+}
+
+# returns the pack offset for given object as found in given pack index
+index_obj_offset()
+{
+    idx_file=$1
+    object_sha1=$2
+    git show-index < $idx_file | grep $object_sha1 |
+    ( read offs extra && echo "$offs" )
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v1] 1) stream pack to repository' \
+    'git index-pack --index-version=1 --stdin < "test-1-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git count-objects | ( read nr rest && test "$nr" -eq 1 ) &&
+     cmp "test-1-${pack1}.pack" ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     cmp "test-1-${pack1}.idx"  ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v1] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
+    '# This test assumes file_101 is a delta smaller than 16 bytes.
+     # It should be against file_100 but we substitute its base for file_099
+     sha1_101=`git hash-object file_101` &&
+     sha1_099=`git hash-object file_099` &&
+     offs_101=`index_obj_offset 1.idx $sha1_101` &&
+     nr_099=`index_obj_nr 1.idx $sha1_099` &&
+     chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     dd of=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" seek=$(($offs_101 + 1)) \
+        if=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" \
+        skip=$((4 + 256 * 4 + $nr_099 * 24)) \
+        bs=1 count=20 conv=notrunc &&
+     git cat-file blob $sha1_101 > file_101_foo1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v1] 3) corrupted delta happily returned wrong data' \
+    'test -f file_101_foo1 && ! cmp file_101 file_101_foo1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v1] 4) confirm that the pack is actually corrupted' \
+    'test_must_fail git fsck --full $commit'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v1] 5) pack-objects happily reuses corrupted data' \
+    'pack4=$(git pack-objects test-4 <obj-list) &&
+     test -f "test-4-${pack1}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v1] 6) newly created pack is BAD !' \
+    'test_must_fail git verify-pack -v "test-4-${pack1}.pack"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v2] 1) stream pack to repository' \
+    'rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+     git index-pack --index-version=2 --stdin < "test-1-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git count-objects | ( read nr rest && test "$nr" -eq 1 ) &&
+     cmp "test-1-${pack1}.pack" ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     cmp "test-2-${pack1}.idx"  ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v2] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
+    '# This test assumes file_101 is a delta smaller than 16 bytes.
+     # It should be against file_100 but we substitute its base for file_099
+     sha1_101=`git hash-object file_101` &&
+     sha1_099=`git hash-object file_099` &&
+     offs_101=`index_obj_offset 1.idx $sha1_101` &&
+     nr_099=`index_obj_nr 1.idx $sha1_099` &&
+     chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     dd of=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" seek=$(($offs_101 + 1)) \
+        if=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" \
+        skip=$((8 + 256 * 4 + $nr_099 * 20)) \
+        bs=1 count=20 conv=notrunc &&
+     git cat-file blob $sha1_101 > file_101_foo2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v2] 3) corrupted delta happily returned wrong data' \
+    'test -f file_101_foo2 && ! cmp file_101 file_101_foo2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v2] 4) confirm that the pack is actually corrupted' \
+    'test_must_fail git fsck --full $commit'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v2] 5) pack-objects refuses to reuse corrupted data' \
+    'test_must_fail git pack-objects test-5 <obj-list &&
+     test_must_fail git pack-objects --no-reuse-object test-6 <obj-list'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '[index v2] 6) verify-pack detects CRC mismatch' \
+    'rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+     git index-pack --index-version=2 --stdin < "test-1-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     git verify-pack ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
+     obj=`git hash-object file_001` &&
+     nr=`index_obj_nr ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" $obj` &&
+     chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" &&
+     printf xxxx | dd of=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx" conv=notrunc \
+        bs=1 count=4 seek=$((8 + 256 * 4 + `wc -l <obj-list` * 20 + $nr * 4)) &&
+     ( while read obj
+       do git cat-file -p $obj >/dev/null || exit 1
+       done <obj-list ) &&
+     err=$(test_must_fail git verify-pack \
+       ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" 2>&1) &&
+     echo "$err" | grep "CRC mismatch"'
+
+test_expect_success 'running index-pack in the object store' '
+    rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+    cp test-1-${pack1}.pack .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack &&
+    (
+	cd .git/objects/pack
+	git index-pack pack-${pack1}.pack
+    ) &&
+    test -f .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5f6cd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Nicolas Pitre
+#
+
+test_description='resilience to pack corruptions with redundant objects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Note: the test objects are created with knowledge of their pack encoding
+# to ensure good code path coverage, and to facilitate direct alteration
+# later on.  The assumed characteristics are:
+#
+# 1) blob_2 is a delta with blob_1 for base and blob_3 is a delta with blob2
+#    for base, such that blob_3 delta depth is 2;
+#
+# 2) the bulk of object data is uncompressible so the text part remains
+#    visible;
+#
+# 3) object header is always 2 bytes.
+
+create_test_files() {
+    test-genrandom "foo" 2000 > file_1 &&
+    test-genrandom "foo" 1800 > file_2 &&
+    test-genrandom "foo" 1800 > file_3 &&
+    echo " base " >> file_1 &&
+    echo " delta1 " >> file_2 &&
+    echo " delta delta2 " >> file_3 &&
+    test-genrandom "bar" 150 >> file_2 &&
+    test-genrandom "baz" 100 >> file_3
+}
+
+create_new_pack() {
+    rm -rf .git &&
+    git init &&
+    blob_1=`git hash-object -t blob -w file_1` &&
+    blob_2=`git hash-object -t blob -w file_2` &&
+    blob_3=`git hash-object -t blob -w file_3` &&
+    pack=`printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n$blob_3\n" |
+          git pack-objects $@ .git/objects/pack/pack` &&
+    pack=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack}" &&
+    git verify-pack -v ${pack}.pack
+}
+
+do_repack() {
+    pack=`printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n$blob_3\n" |
+          git pack-objects $@ .git/objects/pack/pack` &&
+    pack=".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack}"
+}
+
+do_corrupt_object() {
+    ofs=`git show-index < ${pack}.idx | grep $1 | cut -f1 -d" "` &&
+    ofs=$(($ofs + $2)) &&
+    chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
+    dd of=${pack}.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
+    test_must_fail git verify-pack ${pack}.pack
+}
+
+printf '\0' > zero
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'initial setup validation' \
+    'create_test_files &&
+     create_new_pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create corruption in header of first object' \
+    'do_corrupt_object $blob_1 0 < zero &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_1 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and loose copy of first delta allows for partial recovery' \
+    'git prune-packed &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create corruption in data of first object' \
+    'create_new_pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
+     perl -i.bak -pe "s/ base /abcdef/" ${pack}.pack &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_1 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and loose copy of second object allows for partial recovery' \
+    'git prune-packed &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create corruption in header of first delta' \
+    'create_new_pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     do_corrupt_object $blob_2 0 < zero &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create corruption in data of first delta' \
+    'create_new_pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
+     perl -i.bak -pe "s/ delta1 /abcdefgh/" ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'corruption in delta base reference of first delta (OBJ_REF_DELTA)' \
+    'create_new_pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     do_corrupt_object $blob_2 2 < zero &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'corruption #0 in delta base reference of first delta (OBJ_OFS_DELTA)' \
+    'create_new_pack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     do_corrupt_object $blob_2 2 < zero &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'corruption #1 in delta base reference of first delta (OBJ_OFS_DELTA)' \
+    'create_new_pack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     printf "\001" | do_corrupt_object $blob_2 2 &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and a redundant pack allows for full recovery too' \
+    'do_corrupt_object $blob_2 2 < zero &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null &&
+     mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_1 &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_2 &&
+     printf "$blob_1\n$blob_2\n" | git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'corrupting header to have too small output buffer fails unpack' \
+    'create_new_pack &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     printf "\262\001" | do_corrupt_object $blob_1 0 &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5304-prune.sh b/t/t5304-prune.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3c6687a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='prune'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+day=$((60*60*24))
+week=$(($day*7))
+
+add_blob() {
+	before=$(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	BLOB=$(echo aleph_0 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	BLOB_FILE=.git/objects/$(echo $BLOB | sed "s/^../&\//") &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	: > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git gc
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune stale packs' '
+
+	orig_pack=$(echo .git/objects/pack/*.pack) &&
+	: > .git/objects/tmp_1.pack &&
+	: > .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
+	test-chmtime =-86501 .git/objects/tmp_1.pack &&
+	git prune --expire 1.day &&
+	test -f $orig_pack &&
+	test -f .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
+	! test -f .git/objects/tmp_1.pack
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune --expire' '
+
+	add_blob &&
+	git prune --expire=1.hour.ago &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test-chmtime =-86500 $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git prune --expire 1.day &&
+	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: implicit prune --expire' '
+
+	add_blob &&
+	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week-30)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git gc &&
+	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week+1)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git gc &&
+	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: refuse to start with invalid gc.pruneExpire' '
+
+	git config gc.pruneExpire invalid &&
+	test_must_fail git gc
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: start with ok gc.pruneExpire' '
+
+	git config gc.pruneExpire 2.days.ago &&
+	git gc
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: prune nonsense parameters' '
+
+	test_must_fail git prune garbage &&
+	test_must_fail git prune --- &&
+	test_must_fail git prune --no-such-option
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: prune unreachable heads' '
+
+	git config core.logAllRefUpdates false &&
+	mv .git/logs .git/logs.old &&
+	: > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m temporary &&
+	tmp_head=$(git rev-list -1 HEAD) &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git prune &&
+	test_must_fail git reset $tmp_head --
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: do not prune heads listed as an argument' '
+
+	: > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m temporary &&
+	tmp_head=$(git rev-list -1 HEAD) &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git prune -- $tmp_head &&
+	git reset $tmp_head --
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc --no-prune' '
+
+	add_blob &&
+	test-chmtime =-$((5001*$day)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git config gc.pruneExpire 2.days.ago &&
+	git gc --no-prune &&
+	test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc respects gc.pruneExpire' '
+
+	git config gc.pruneExpire 5002.days.ago &&
+	git gc &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git config gc.pruneExpire 5000.days.ago &&
+	git gc &&
+	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc --prune=<date>' '
+
+	add_blob &&
+	test-chmtime =-$((5001*$day)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git gc --prune=5002.days.ago &&
+	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git gc --prune=5000.days.ago &&
+	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gc: prune old objects after local clone' '
+	add_blob &&
+	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week+1)) $BLOB_FILE &&
+	git clone --no-hardlinks . aclone &&
+	(
+		cd aclone &&
+		test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+		test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+		git gc --prune &&
+		test 0 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+		! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b061864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git pack-object --include-tag'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+TRASH=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo c >d &&
+	git update-index --add d &&
+	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	commit=`git commit-tree $tree </dev/null` &&
+	echo "object $commit" >sig &&
+	echo "type commit" >>sig &&
+	echo "tag mytag" >>sig &&
+	echo "tagger $(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT)" >>sig &&
+	echo >>sig &&
+	echo "our test tag" >>sig &&
+	tag=`git mktag <sig` &&
+	rm d sig &&
+	git update-ref refs/tags/mytag $tag && {
+		echo $tree &&
+		echo $commit &&
+		git ls-tree $tree | sed -e "s/.* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)	.*/\\1/"
+	} >obj-list
+'
+
+rm -rf clone.git
+test_expect_success 'pack without --include-tag' '
+	packname_1=$(git pack-objects \
+		--window=0 \
+		test-1 <obj-list)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unpack objects' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git init &&
+		git unpack-objects -n <test-1-${packname_1}.pack &&
+		git unpack-objects <test-1-${packname_1}.pack
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check unpacked result (have commit, no tag)' '
+	git rev-list --objects $commit >list.expect &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -e $tag &&
+		git rev-list --objects $commit
+	) >list.actual &&
+	test_cmp list.expect list.actual
+'
+
+rm -rf clone.git
+test_expect_success 'pack with --include-tag' '
+	packname_1=$(git pack-objects \
+		--window=0 \
+		--include-tag \
+		test-2 <obj-list)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unpack objects' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git init &&
+		git unpack-objects -n <test-2-${packname_1}.pack &&
+		git unpack-objects <test-2-${packname_1}.pack
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check unpacked result (have commit, have tag)' '
+	git rev-list --objects mytag >list.expect &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git rev-list --objects $tag
+	) >list.actual &&
+	test_cmp list.expect list.actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5306-pack-nobase.sh b/t/t5306-pack-nobase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f4931c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5306-pack-nobase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Google Inc.
+#
+
+test_description='git-pack-object with missing base
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Create A-B chain
+#
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup base' \
+    'for a in a b c d e f g h i; do echo $a >>text; done &&
+     echo side >side &&
+     git update-index --add text side &&
+     A=$(echo A | git commit-tree $(git write-tree)) &&
+
+     echo m >>text &&
+     git update-index text &&
+     B=$(echo B | git commit-tree $(git write-tree) -p $A) &&
+     git update-ref HEAD $B
+    '
+
+# Create repository with C whose parent is B.
+# Repository contains C, C^{tree}, C:text, B, B^{tree}.
+# Repository is missing B:text (best delta base for C:text).
+# Repository is missing A (parent of B).
+# Repository is missing A:side.
+#
+test_expect_success \
+    'setup patch_clone' \
+    'base_objects=$(pwd)/.git/objects &&
+     (mkdir patch_clone &&
+      cd patch_clone &&
+      git init &&
+      echo "$base_objects" >.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+      echo q >>text &&
+      git read-tree $B &&
+      git update-index text &&
+      git update-ref HEAD $(echo C | git commit-tree $(git write-tree) -p $B) &&
+      rm .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+
+      git --git-dir=../.git cat-file commit $B |
+      git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin &&
+
+      git --git-dir=../.git cat-file tree "$B^{tree}" |
+      git hash-object -t tree -w --stdin
+     ) &&
+     C=$(git --git-dir=patch_clone/.git rev-parse HEAD)
+    '
+
+# Clone patch_clone indirectly by cloning base and fetching.
+#
+test_expect_success \
+    'indirectly clone patch_clone' \
+    '(mkdir user_clone &&
+      cd user_clone &&
+      git init &&
+      git pull ../.git &&
+      test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $B &&
+
+      git pull ../patch_clone/.git &&
+      test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $C
+     )
+    '
+
+# Cloning the patch_clone directly should fail.
+#
+test_expect_success \
+    'clone of patch_clone is incomplete' \
+    '(mkdir user_direct &&
+      cd user_direct &&
+      git init &&
+      test_must_fail git fetch ../patch_clone/.git
+     )
+    '
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh b/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ae52a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5307-pack-missing-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pack should notice missing commit objects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5
+	do
+		echo "$i" >"file$i" &&
+		git add "file$i" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "$i" &&
+		git tag "tag$i"
+	done &&
+	obj=$(git rev-parse --verify tag3) &&
+	fanout=$(expr "$obj" : "\(..\)") &&
+	remainder=$(expr "$obj" : "..\(.*\)") &&
+	rm -f ".git/objects/$fanout/$remainder"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list notices corruption (1)' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-list HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list notices corruption (2)' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-list --objects HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-objects notices corruption' '
+	echo HEAD |
+	test_must_fail git pack-objects --revs pack
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c718253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='See why rewinding head breaks send-pack
+
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cnt=64
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	mkdir mozart mozart/is &&
+	echo "Commit #0" >mozart/is/pink &&
+	git update-index --add mozart/is/pink &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit=$(echo "Commit #0" | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	zero=$commit &&
+	parent=$zero &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -le $cnt
+	do
+	    i=$(($i+1)) &&
+	    test_tick &&
+	    echo "Commit #$i" >mozart/is/pink &&
+	    git update-index --add mozart/is/pink &&
+	    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	    commit=$(echo "Commit #$i" | git commit-tree $tree -p $parent) &&
+	    git update-ref refs/tags/commit$i $commit &&
+	    parent=$commit || return 1
+	done &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$commit" &&
+	git clone ./. victim &&
+	( cd victim && git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn && git log ) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$zero" &&
+	parent=$zero &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -le $cnt
+	do
+	    i=$(($i+1)) &&
+	    test_tick &&
+	    echo "Rebase #$i" >mozart/is/pink &&
+	    git update-index --add mozart/is/pink &&
+	    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	    commit=$(echo "Rebase #$i" | git commit-tree $tree -p $parent) &&
+	    git update-ref refs/tags/rebase$i $commit &&
+	    parent=$commit || return 1
+	done &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$commit" &&
+	echo Rebase &&
+	git log'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack the source repository' '
+	git repack -a -d &&
+	git prune
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack the destination repository' '
+    (
+	cd victim &&
+	git repack -a -d &&
+	git prune
+    )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refuse pushing rewound head without --force' '
+	pushed_head=$(git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	victim_orig=$(cd victim && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack ./victim master &&
+	victim_head=$(cd victim && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$victim_head" = "$victim_orig" &&
+	# this should update
+	git send-pack --force ./victim master &&
+	victim_head=$(cd victim && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$victim_head" = "$pushed_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+        'push can be used to delete a ref' '
+	( cd victim && git branch extra master ) &&
+	git send-pack ./victim :extra master &&
+	( cd victim &&
+	  test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify extra )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refuse deleting push with denyDeletes' '
+	(
+	    cd victim &&
+	    ( git branch -D extra || : ) &&
+	    git config receive.denyDeletes true &&
+	    git branch extra master
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack ./victim :extra master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'denyNonFastforwards trumps --force' '
+	(
+	    cd victim &&
+	    ( git branch -D extra || : ) &&
+	    git config receive.denyNonFastforwards true
+	) &&
+	victim_orig=$(cd victim && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack --force ./victim master^:master &&
+	victim_head=$(cd victim && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$victim_orig" = "$victim_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --all excludes remote tracking hierarchy' '
+	mkdir parent &&
+	(
+	    cd parent &&
+	    git init && : >file && git add file && git commit -m add
+	) &&
+	git clone parent child &&
+	(
+	    cd child && git push --all
+	) &&
+	(
+	    cd parent &&
+	    test -z "$(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin)"
+	)
+'
+
+rewound_push_setup() {
+	rm -rf parent child &&
+	mkdir parent &&
+	(
+	    cd parent &&
+	    git init &&
+	    echo one >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
+	    git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
+	    echo two >file && git commit -a -m two
+	) &&
+	git clone parent child &&
+	(
+	    cd child && git reset --hard HEAD^
+	)
+}
+
+rewound_push_succeeded() {
+	cmp ../parent/.git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/master
+}
+
+rewound_push_failed() {
+	if rewound_push_succeeded
+	then
+		false
+	else
+		true
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing explicit refspecs respects forcing' '
+	rewound_push_setup &&
+	parent_orig=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	(
+	    cd child &&
+	    test_must_fail git send-pack ../parent \
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/master
+	) &&
+	parent_head=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$parent_orig" = "$parent_head" &&
+	(
+	    cd child &&
+	    git send-pack ../parent \
+	        +refs/heads/master:refs/heads/master
+	) &&
+	parent_head=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	child_head=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$parent_head" = "$child_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing wildcard refspecs respects forcing' '
+	rewound_push_setup &&
+	parent_orig=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	(
+	    cd child &&
+	    test_must_fail git send-pack ../parent \
+	        "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*"
+	) &&
+	parent_head=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$parent_orig" = "$parent_head" &&
+	(
+	    cd child &&
+	    git send-pack ../parent \
+	        "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*"
+	) &&
+	parent_head=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	child_head=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	test "$parent_head" = "$child_head"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deny pushing to delete current branch' '
+	rewound_push_setup &&
+	(
+	    cd child &&
+	    test_must_fail git send-pack ../parent :refs/heads/master 2>errs
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh b/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..325714e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn O. Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='Test the update hook infrastructure.'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo This is a test. >a &&
+	git update-index --add a &&
+	tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit0=$(echo setup | git commit-tree $tree0) &&
+	echo We hope it works. >a &&
+	git update-index a &&
+	tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit1=$(echo modify | git commit-tree $tree1 -p $commit0) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/master $commit0 &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/tofail $commit1 &&
+	git clone ./. victim &&
+	GIT_DIR=victim/.git git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
+	GIT_DIR=victim/.git git update-ref refs/heads/tofail $commit1 &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/master $commit1 &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/tofail $commit0
+'
+
+cat >victim/.git/hooks/pre-receive <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+printf %s "$@" >>$GIT_DIR/pre-receive.args
+cat - >$GIT_DIR/pre-receive.stdin
+echo STDOUT pre-receive
+echo STDERR pre-receive >&2
+EOF
+chmod u+x victim/.git/hooks/pre-receive
+
+cat >victim/.git/hooks/update <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "$@" >>$GIT_DIR/update.args
+read x; printf %s "$x" >$GIT_DIR/update.stdin
+echo STDOUT update $1
+echo STDERR update $1 >&2
+test "$1" = refs/heads/master || exit
+EOF
+chmod u+x victim/.git/hooks/update
+
+cat >victim/.git/hooks/post-receive <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+printf %s "$@" >>$GIT_DIR/post-receive.args
+cat - >$GIT_DIR/post-receive.stdin
+echo STDOUT post-receive
+echo STDERR post-receive >&2
+EOF
+chmod u+x victim/.git/hooks/post-receive
+
+cat >victim/.git/hooks/post-update <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "$@" >>$GIT_DIR/post-update.args
+read x; printf %s "$x" >$GIT_DIR/post-update.stdin
+echo STDOUT post-update
+echo STDERR post-update >&2
+EOF
+chmod u+x victim/.git/hooks/post-update
+
+test_expect_success push '
+	test_must_fail git send-pack --force ./victim/.git \
+		master tofail >send.out 2>send.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updated as expected' '
+	test $(GIT_DIR=victim/.git git rev-parse master) = $commit1 &&
+	test $(GIT_DIR=victim/.git git rev-parse tofail) = $commit1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hooks ran' '
+	test -f victim/.git/pre-receive.args &&
+	test -f victim/.git/pre-receive.stdin &&
+	test -f victim/.git/update.args &&
+	test -f victim/.git/update.stdin &&
+	test -f victim/.git/post-receive.args &&
+	test -f victim/.git/post-receive.stdin &&
+	test -f victim/.git/post-update.args &&
+	test -f victim/.git/post-update.stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pre-receive hook input' '
+	(echo $commit0 $commit1 refs/heads/master;
+	 echo $commit1 $commit0 refs/heads/tofail
+	) | test_cmp - victim/.git/pre-receive.stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update hook arguments' '
+	(echo refs/heads/master $commit0 $commit1;
+	 echo refs/heads/tofail $commit1 $commit0
+	) | test_cmp - victim/.git/update.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-receive hook input' '
+	echo $commit0 $commit1 refs/heads/master |
+	test_cmp - victim/.git/post-receive.stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-update hook arguments' '
+	echo refs/heads/master |
+	test_cmp - victim/.git/post-update.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'all hook stdin is /dev/null' '
+	! test -s victim/.git/update.stdin &&
+	! test -s victim/.git/post-update.stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'all *-receive hook args are empty' '
+	! test -s victim/.git/pre-receive.args &&
+	! test -s victim/.git/post-receive.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'send-pack produced no output' '
+	! test -s send.out
+'
+
+cat <<EOF >expect
+STDOUT pre-receive
+STDERR pre-receive
+STDOUT update refs/heads/master
+STDERR update refs/heads/master
+STDOUT update refs/heads/tofail
+STDERR update refs/heads/tofail
+STDOUT post-receive
+STDERR post-receive
+STDOUT post-update
+STDERR post-update
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'send-pack stderr contains hook messages' '
+	grep ^STD send.err >actual &&
+	test_cmp - actual <expect
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5402-post-merge-hook.sh b/t/t5402-post-merge-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6eb2ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5402-post-merge-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Josh England
+#
+
+test_description='Test the post-merge hook.'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo Data for commit0. >a &&
+	git update-index --add a &&
+	tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit0=$(echo setup | git commit-tree $tree0) &&
+	echo Changed data for commit1. >a &&
+	git update-index a &&
+	tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit1=$(echo modify | git commit-tree $tree1 -p $commit0) &&
+        git update-ref refs/heads/master $commit0 &&
+	git clone ./. clone1 &&
+	GIT_DIR=clone1/.git git update-index --add a &&
+	git clone ./. clone2 &&
+	GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git update-index --add a
+'
+
+for clone in 1 2; do
+    cat >clone${clone}/.git/hooks/post-merge <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+echo $@ >> $GIT_DIR/post-merge.args
+EOF
+    chmod u+x clone${clone}/.git/hooks/post-merge
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'post-merge does not run for up-to-date ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone1/.git git merge $commit0 &&
+	! test -f clone1/.git/post-merge.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-merge runs as expected ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone1/.git git merge $commit1 &&
+	test -e clone1/.git/post-merge.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-merge from normal merge receives the right argument ' '
+        grep 0 clone1/.git/post-merge.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-merge from squash merge runs as expected ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git merge --squash $commit1 &&
+	test -e clone2/.git/post-merge.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-merge from squash merge receives the right argument ' '
+        grep 1 clone2/.git/post-merge.args
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh b/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d05a913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Josh England
+#
+
+test_description='Test the post-checkout hook.'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo Data for commit0. >a &&
+	echo Data for commit0. >b &&
+	git update-index --add a &&
+	git update-index --add b &&
+	tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
+	commit0=$(echo setup | git commit-tree $tree0) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/master $commit0 &&
+	git clone ./. clone1 &&
+	git clone ./. clone2 &&
+	GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git branch new2 &&
+	echo Data for commit1. >clone2/b &&
+	GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git add clone2/b &&
+	GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git commit -m new2
+'
+
+for clone in 1 2; do
+    cat >clone${clone}/.git/hooks/post-checkout <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+echo $@ > $GIT_DIR/post-checkout.args
+EOF
+    chmod u+x clone${clone}/.git/hooks/post-checkout
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout runs as expected ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone1/.git git checkout master &&
+        test -e clone1/.git/post-checkout.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right arguments with HEAD unchanged ' '
+        old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        test $old = $new -a $flag = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout runs as expected ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone1/.git git checkout master &&
+        test -e clone1/.git/post-checkout.args
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout args are correct with git checkout -b ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone1/.git git checkout -b new1 &&
+        old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        test $old = $new -a $flag = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args with HEAD changed ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git checkout new2 &&
+        old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        test $old != $new -a $flag = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args when not switching branches ' '
+        GIT_DIR=clone2/.git git checkout master b &&
+        old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
+        test $old = $new -a $flag = 0
+'
+
+if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = true; then
+mkdir -p templates/hooks
+cat >templates/hooks/post-checkout <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+echo $@ > $GIT_DIR/post-checkout.args
+EOF
+chmod +x templates/hooks/post-checkout
+
+test_expect_success 'post-checkout hook is triggered by clone' '
+	git clone --template=templates . clone3 &&
+	test -f clone3/.git/post-checkout.args
+'
+fi
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c240035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tracking branch update checks for git push'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m 1 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git branch b2 &&
+	git branch b3 &&
+	git clone . aa &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	echo b1 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m b1 &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	echo b2 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m b2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare pushable branches' '
+	cd aa &&
+	b1=$(git rev-parse origin/b1) &&
+	b2=$(git rev-parse origin/b2) &&
+	git checkout -b b1 origin/b1 &&
+	echo aa-b1 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m aa-b1 &&
+	git checkout -b b2 origin/b2 &&
+	echo aa-b2 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m aa-b2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo aa-master >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m aa-master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mixed-success push returns error' '
+	test_must_fail git push
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check tracking branches updated correctly after push' '
+	test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check tracking branches not updated for failed refs' '
+	test "$(git rev-parse origin/b1)" = "$b1" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse origin/b2)" = "$b2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleted branches have their tracking branches removed' '
+	git push origin :b1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse origin/b1)" = "origin/b1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'already deleted tracking branches ignored' '
+	git branch -d -r origin/b3 &&
+	git push origin :b3 >output 2>&1 &&
+	! grep error output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5405-send-pack-rewind.sh b/t/t5405-send-pack-rewind.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4bda18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5405-send-pack-rewind.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='forced push to replace commit we do not have'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file1 && git add file1 && test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
+
+	mkdir another && (
+		cd another &&
+		git init &&
+		git fetch --update-head-ok .. master:master
+	) &&
+
+	>file2 && git add file2 && test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non forced push should die not segfault' '
+
+	(
+		cd another &&
+		git push .. master:master
+		test $? = 1
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'forced push should succeed' '
+
+	(
+		cd another &&
+		git push .. +master:master
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5406-remote-rejects.sh b/t/t5406-remote-rejects.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..59e80a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5406-remote-rejects.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='remote push rejects are reported by client'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir .git/hooks &&
+	(echo "#!/bin/sh" ; echo "exit 1") >.git/hooks/update &&
+	chmod +x .git/hooks/update &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m 1 &&
+	git clone . child &&
+	cd child &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git commit -a -m 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push reports error' 'test_must_fail git push 2>stderr'
+
+test_expect_success 'individual ref reports error' 'grep rejected stderr'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..18376d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Testing multi_ack pack fetching'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Test fetch-pack/upload-pack pair.
+
+# Some convenience functions
+
+add () {
+	name=$1 &&
+	text="$@" &&
+	branch=`echo $name | sed -e 's/^\(.\).*$/\1/'` &&
+	parents="" &&
+
+	shift &&
+	while test $1; do
+		parents="$parents -p $1" &&
+		shift
+	done &&
+
+	echo "$text" > test.txt &&
+	git update-index --add test.txt &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	# make sure timestamps are in correct order
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(echo "$text" | git commit-tree $tree $parents) &&
+	eval "$name=$commit; export $name" &&
+	echo $commit > .git/refs/heads/$branch &&
+	eval ${branch}TIP=$commit
+}
+
+pull_to_client () {
+	number=$1 &&
+	heads=$2 &&
+	count=$3 &&
+	test_expect_success "$number pull" '
+		(
+			cd client &&
+			git fetch-pack -k -v .. $heads &&
+
+			case "$heads" in
+			    *A*)
+				    echo $ATIP > .git/refs/heads/A;;
+			esac &&
+			case "$heads" in *B*)
+			    echo $BTIP > .git/refs/heads/B;;
+			esac &&
+			git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/`echo $heads \
+				| sed -e "s/^\(.\).*$/\1/"` &&
+
+			git fsck --full &&
+
+			mv .git/objects/pack/pack-* . &&
+			p=`ls -1 pack-*.pack` &&
+			git unpack-objects <$p &&
+			git fsck --full &&
+
+			idx=`echo pack-*.idx` &&
+			pack_count=`git show-index <$idx | wc -l` &&
+			test $pack_count = $count &&
+			rm -f pack-*
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+# Here begins the actual testing
+
+# A1 - ... - A20 - A21
+#    \
+#      B1  -   B2 - .. - B70
+
+# client pulls A20, B1. Then tracks only B. Then pulls A.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir client &&
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git init &&
+		git config transfer.unpacklimit 0
+	) &&
+	add A1 &&
+	prev=1 &&
+	cur=2 &&
+	while [ $cur -le 10 ]; do
+		add A$cur $(eval echo \$A$prev) &&
+		prev=$cur &&
+		cur=$(($cur+1))
+	done &&
+	add B1 $A1
+	echo $ATIP > .git/refs/heads/A &&
+	echo $BTIP > .git/refs/heads/B &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/B
+'
+
+pull_to_client 1st "B A" $((11*3))
+
+test_expect_success 'post 1st pull setup' '
+	add A11 $A10 &&
+	prev=1 &&
+	cur=2 &&
+	while [ $cur -le 65 ]; do
+		add B$cur $(eval echo \$B$prev) &&
+		prev=$cur &&
+		cur=$(($cur+1))
+	done
+'
+
+pull_to_client 2nd "B" $((64*3))
+
+pull_to_client 3rd "A" $((1*3))
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow' '
+	git clone --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow &&
+	grep "^in-pack: 18" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count (part 2)' '
+	sed -e "/^in-pack:/d" -e "/^packs:/d" -e "/^size-pack:/d" \
+	    -e "/: 0$/d" count.shallow > count_output &&
+	! test -s count_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck in shallow repo' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'simple fetch in shallow repo' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no changes expected' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow.2 &&
+	cmp count.shallow count.shallow.2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch same depth in shallow repo' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --depth=2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no changes expected' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow.3 &&
+	cmp count.shallow count.shallow.3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add two more' '
+	add B66 $B65 &&
+	add B67 $B66
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull in shallow repo' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git pull .. B
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow &&
+	grep "^count: 6" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add two more (part 2)' '
+	add B68 $B67 &&
+	add B69 $B68
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deepening pull in shallow repo' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git pull --depth 4 .. B
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow &&
+	grep "^count: 12" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deepening fetch in shallow repo' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --depth 4 .. A:A
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow &&
+	grep "^count: 18" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull in shallow repo with missing merge base' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_must_fail git pull --depth 4 .. A
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'additional simple shallow deepenings' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --depth=8 &&
+		git fetch --depth=10 &&
+		git fetch --depth=11
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git count-objects -v
+	) > count.shallow &&
+	grep "^count: 52" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh b/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1037a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5502-quickfetch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test quickfetch from local'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo ichi >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	cnt=$( (
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	test $cnt -eq 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone without alternate' '
+
+	(
+		mkdir cloned &&
+		cd cloned &&
+		git init-db &&
+		git remote add -f origin ..
+	) &&
+	cnt=$( (
+		cd cloned &&
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	test $cnt -eq 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'further commits in the original' '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo ni >file &&
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+
+	cnt=$( (
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	test $cnt -eq 6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'copy commit and tree but not blob by hand' '
+
+	git rev-list --objects HEAD |
+	git pack-objects --stdout |
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		git unpack-objects
+	) &&
+
+	cnt=$( (
+		cd cloned &&
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	test $cnt -eq 6
+
+	blob=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file | sed -e "s|..|&/|") &&
+	test -f "cloned/.git/objects/$blob" &&
+	rm -f "cloned/.git/objects/$blob" &&
+
+	cnt=$( (
+		cd cloned &&
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	test $cnt -eq 5
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'quickfetch should not leave a corrupted repository' '
+
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		git fetch
+	) &&
+
+	cnt=$( (
+		cd cloned &&
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	test $cnt -eq 6
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'quickfetch should not copy from alternate' '
+
+	(
+		mkdir quickclone &&
+		cd quickclone &&
+		git init-db &&
+		(cd ../.git/objects && pwd) >.git/objects/info/alternates &&
+		git remote add origin .. &&
+		git fetch -k -k
+	) &&
+	obj_cnt=$( (
+		cd quickclone &&
+		git count-objects | sed -e "s/ *objects,.*//"
+	) ) &&
+	pck_cnt=$( (
+		cd quickclone &&
+		git count-objects -v | sed -n -e "/packs:/{
+				s/packs://
+				p
+				q
+			}"
+	) ) &&
+	origin_master=$( (
+		cd quickclone &&
+		git rev-parse origin/master
+	) ) &&
+	echo "loose objects: $obj_cnt, packfiles: $pck_cnt" &&
+	test $obj_cnt -eq 0 &&
+	test $pck_cnt -eq 0 &&
+	test z$origin_master = z$(git rev-parse master)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'quickfetch should handle ~1000 refs (on Windows)' '
+
+	git gc &&
+	head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	branchprefix="$head refs/heads/branch" &&
+	for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do
+		for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do
+			for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do
+				echo "$branchprefix$i$j$k" >> .git/packed-refs
+			done
+		done
+	done &&
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git fetch
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5db75d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test automatic tag following'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+case $(uname -s) in
+*MINGW*)
+	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
+	test_done
+esac
+
+# End state of the repository:
+#
+#         T - tag1          S - tag2
+#        /                 /
+#   L - A ------ O ------ B
+#    \   \                 \
+#     \   C - origin/cat    \
+#      origin/master         master
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo ichi >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m L &&
+	L=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+
+	(
+		mkdir cloned &&
+		cd cloned &&
+		git init-db &&
+		git remote add -f origin ..
+	) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo A >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m A &&
+	A=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+U=UPLOAD_LOG
+
+cat - <<EOF >expect
+#S
+want $A
+#E
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
+	rm -f $U
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master)
+	) &&
+	test -s $U &&
+	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
+	git tag -a -m tag1 tag1 $A &&
+	T=$(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
+
+	git checkout -b cat &&
+	echo C >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m C &&
+	C=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+cat - <<EOF >expect
+#S
+want $C
+want $T
+#E
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
+	rm -f $U
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		test $C = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/cat) &&
+		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
+		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
+	) &&
+	test -s $U &&
+	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo O >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m O &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo B >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m B &&
+	B=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+
+	git tag -a -m tag2 tag2 $B &&
+	S=$(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
+'
+
+cat - <<EOF >expect
+#S
+want $B
+want $S
+#E
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
+	rm -f $U
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
+		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
+		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
+	) &&
+	test -s $U &&
+	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat - <<EOF >expect
+#S
+want $B
+want $S
+#E
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
+	git branch -D cat
+	rm -f $U
+	(
+		mkdir clone2 &&
+		cd clone2 &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add origin .. &&
+		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
+		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2) &&
+		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
+		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
+		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
+	) &&
+	test -s $U &&
+	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a82c5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git remote porcelain-ish'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_repository () {
+	mkdir "$1" && (
+	cd "$1" &&
+	git init &&
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	>elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Second" &&
+	git checkout master
+	)
+}
+
+tokens_match () {
+	echo "$1" | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | sed -e '/^$/d' >expect &&
+	echo "$2" | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | sed -e '/^$/d' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+check_remote_track () {
+	actual=$(git remote show "$1" | sed -ne 's|^    \(.*\) tracked$|\1|p')
+	shift &&
+	tokens_match "$*" "$actual"
+}
+
+check_tracking_branch () {
+	f="" &&
+	r=$(git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" |
+		sed -ne "s|^refs/remotes/$1/||p") &&
+	shift &&
+	tokens_match "$*" "$r"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	setup_repository one &&
+	setup_repository two &&
+	(
+		cd two && git branch another
+	) &&
+	git clone one test
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote information for the origin' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+	check_remote_track origin master side &&
+	check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	git remote add -f second ../two &&
+	tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
+	check_remote_track origin master side &&
+	check_remote_track second master side another &&
+	check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
+	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
+	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote forces tracking branches' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
+	+*) true ;;
+	 *) false ;;
+	esac
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
+	git remote rm second
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+	check_remote_track origin master side &&
+	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove remote protects non-remote branches' '
+(
+	cd test &&
+	(cat >expect1 <<EOF
+Note: A non-remote branch was not removed; to delete it, use:
+  git branch -d master
+EOF
+    cat >expect2 <<EOF
+Note: Non-remote branches were not removed; to delete them, use:
+  git branch -d foobranch
+  git branch -d master
+EOF
+) &&
+	git tag footag
+	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+	git remote rm oops 2>actual1 &&
+	git branch foobranch &&
+	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+	git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
+	git branch -d foobranch &&
+	git tag -d footag &&
+	test_cmp expect1 actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expect2 actual2
+)
+'
+
+cat > test/expect << EOF
+* remote origin
+  Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
+  Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
+  HEAD branch: master
+  Remote branches:
+    master new (next fetch will store in remotes/origin)
+    side   tracked
+  Local branches configured for 'git pull':
+    ahead    merges with remote master
+    master   merges with remote master
+    octopus  merges with remote topic-a
+                and with remote topic-b
+                and with remote topic-c
+    rebase  rebases onto remote master
+  Local refs configured for 'git push':
+    master pushes to master   (local out of date)
+    master pushes to upstream (create)
+* remote two
+  Fetch URL: ../two
+  Push  URL: ../three
+  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):
+    another
+    master
+  Local refs configured for 'git push':
+    ahead  forces to master  (fast-forwardable)
+    master pushes to another (up to date)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'show' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+	 git fetch &&
+	 git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
+	 echo 1 >> file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m update file &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
+	 git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
+	 git branch -d -r origin/master &&
+	 git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
+	 git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
+	 git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
+	 git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
+	 (cd ../one &&
+	  echo 1 > file &&
+	  test_tick &&
+	  git commit -m update file) &&
+	 git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
+	 git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+	 git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
+	 git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
+	 git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
+	 git remote show origin two > output &&
+	 git branch -d rebase octopus &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+'
+
+cat > test/expect << EOF
+* remote origin
+  Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
+  Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
+  HEAD branch: (not queried)
+  Remote branches: (status not queried)
+    master
+    side
+  Local branches configured for 'git pull':
+    ahead  merges with remote master
+    master merges with remote master
+  Local refs configured for 'git push' (status not queried):
+    (matching)           pushes to (matching)
+    refs/heads/master    pushes to refs/heads/upstream
+    refs/tags/lastbackup forces to refs/tags/lastbackup
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'show -n' '
+	(mv one one.unreachable &&
+	 cd test &&
+	 git remote show -n origin > output &&
+	 mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune' '
+	(cd one &&
+	 git branch -m side side2) &&
+	(cd test &&
+	 git fetch origin &&
+	 git remote prune origin &&
+	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set-head --delete' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
+	 git remote set-head --delete origin &&
+	 test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set-head --auto' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 git remote set-head --auto origin &&
+	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
+error: Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:
+  git remote set-head two another
+  git remote set-head two master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set-head --auto fails w/multiple HEADs' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp expect output)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
+refs/remotes/origin/side2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set-head explicit' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 git remote set-head origin side2 &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+	 git remote set-head origin master &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+'
+
+cat > test/expect << EOF
+Pruning origin
+URL: $(pwd)/one
+ * [would prune] origin/side2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'prune --dry-run' '
+	(cd one &&
+	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
+	(cd test &&
+	 git remote prune --dry-run origin > output &&
+	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	(cd ../one &&
+	 git branch -m side side2) &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add --mirror && prune' '
+	(mkdir mirror &&
+	 cd mirror &&
+	 git init --bare &&
+	 git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one) &&
+	(cd one &&
+	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
+	(cd mirror &&
+	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
+	 git fetch origin &&
+	 git remote prune origin &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add alt && prune' '
+	(mkdir alttst &&
+	 cd alttst &&
+	 git init &&
+	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+	 git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
+	 git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*") &&
+	(cd one &&
+	 git branch -m side side2) &&
+	(cd alttst &&
+	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+	 git fetch alt &&
+	 git remote prune alt &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+'
+
+cat > one/expect << EOF
+  apis/master
+  apis/side
+  drosophila/another
+  drosophila/master
+  drosophila/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'update' '
+
+	(cd one &&
+	 git remote add drosophila ../two &&
+	 git remote add apis ../mirror &&
+	 git remote update &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+
+'
+
+cat > one/expect << EOF
+  drosophila/another
+  drosophila/master
+  drosophila/side
+  manduca/master
+  manduca/side
+  megaloprepus/master
+  megaloprepus/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'update with arguments' '
+
+	(cd one &&
+	 for b in $(git branch -r)
+	 do
+		git branch -r -d $b || break
+	 done &&
+	 git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
+	 git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
+	 git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
+	 git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
+	 git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update --prune' '
+
+	(cd one &&
+	 git branch -m side2 side3) &&
+	(cd test &&
+	 git remote update --prune &&
+	 (cd ../one && git branch -m side3 side2)
+	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+'
+
+cat > one/expect << EOF
+  apis/master
+  apis/side
+  manduca/master
+  manduca/side
+  megaloprepus/master
+  megaloprepus/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'update default' '
+
+	(cd one &&
+	 for b in $(git branch -r)
+	 do
+		git branch -r -d $b || break
+	 done &&
+	 git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
+	 git remote update default &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+
+'
+
+cat > one/expect << EOF
+  drosophila/another
+  drosophila/master
+  drosophila/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'update default (overridden, with funny whitespace)' '
+
+	(cd one &&
+	 for b in $(git branch -r)
+	 do
+		git branch -r -d $b || break
+	 done &&
+	 git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
+	 git remote update default &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update (with remotes.default defined)' '
+
+	(cd one &&
+	 for b in $(git branch -r)
+	 do
+		git branch -r -d $b || break
+	 done &&
+	 git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
+	 git remote update &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"remote show" does not show symbolic refs' '
+
+	git clone one three &&
+	(cd three &&
+	 git remote show origin > output &&
+	 ! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
+	 ! grep -i stale < output)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject adding remote with an invalid name' '
+
+	test_must_fail git remote add some:url desired-name
+
+'
+
+# The first three test if the tracking branches are properly renamed,
+# the last two ones check if the config is updated.
+
+test_expect_success 'rename a remote' '
+
+	git clone one four &&
+	(cd four &&
+	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
+	 rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
+	 test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
+	 test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
+	 test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream")
+
+'
+
+cat > remotes_origin << EOF
+URL: $(pwd)/one
+Push: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+Pull: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes' '
+	git clone one five &&
+	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
+	(cd five &&
+	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+	 cat ../remotes_origin > .git/remotes/origin &&
+	 git remote rename origin origin &&
+	 ! test -f .git/remotes/origin &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream" &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches' '
+	git clone one six &&
+	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
+	(cd six &&
+	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 echo "$origin_url" > .git/branches/origin &&
+	 git remote rename origin origin &&
+	 ! test -f .git/branches/origin &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+	git clone one seven &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git checkout side2 &&
+		git branch -D master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd seven &&
+		git remote prune origin
+	) 2>err &&
+	grep "has become dangling" err &&
+
+	: And the dangling symref will not cause other annoying errors
+	(
+		cd seven &&
+		git branch -a
+	) 2>err &&
+	! grep "points nowhere" err
+	(
+		cd seven &&
+		test_must_fail git branch nomore origin
+	) 2>err &&
+	grep "dangling symref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty remote' '
+
+	test_create_repo empty &&
+	git clone empty empty-clone &&
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git remote show origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'new remote' '
+(
+	git remote add someremote foo &&
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url bar' '
+(
+	git remote set-url someremote bar &&
+	echo bar >expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url baz bar' '
+(
+	git remote set-url someremote baz bar &&
+	echo baz >expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url zot bar' '
+(
+	test_must_fail git remote set-url someremote zot bar &&
+	echo baz >expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push zot baz' '
+(
+	test_must_fail git remote set-url --push someremote zot baz &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push zot' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push someremote zot &&
+	echo zot >expect &&
+	echo "YYY" >>expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push qux zot' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push someremote qux zot &&
+	echo qux >expect &&
+	echo "YYY" >>expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push foo qu+x' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push someremote foo qu+x &&
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	echo "YYY" >>expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push --add aaa' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push --add someremote aaa &&
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	echo aaa >>expect &&
+	echo "YYY" >>expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push bar aaa' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push someremote bar aaa &&
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	echo bar >>expect &&
+	echo "YYY" >>expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push --delete bar' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push --delete someremote bar &&
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	echo "YYY" >>expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --push --delete foo' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --push --delete someremote foo &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --add bbb' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --add someremote bbb &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	echo bbb >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete .*' '
+(
+	test_must_fail git remote set-url --delete someremote .* &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	echo bbb >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete bbb' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --delete someremote bbb &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete baz' '
+(
+	test_must_fail git remote set-url --delete someremote baz &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --add ccc' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --add someremote ccc &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo baz >>expect &&
+	echo ccc >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete baz' '
+(
+	git remote set-url --delete someremote baz &&
+	echo "YYY" >expect &&
+	echo ccc >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get-all remote.someremote.pushurl >actual &&
+	echo "YYY" >>actual &&
+	git config --get-all remote.someremote.url >>actual &&
+	cmp expect actual
+)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh b/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b7b7dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5506-remote-groups.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git remote group handling'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+mark() {
+	echo "$1" >mark
+}
+
+update_repo() {
+	(cd $1 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -F ../mark)
+}
+
+update_repos() {
+	update_repo one $1 &&
+	update_repo two $1
+}
+
+repo_fetched() {
+	if test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s $1 --`" = "`cat mark`"; then
+		echo >&2 "repo was fetched: $1"
+		return 0
+	fi
+	echo >&2 "repo was not fetched: $1"
+	return 1
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir one && (cd one && git init) &&
+	mkdir two && (cd two && git init) &&
+	git remote add -m master one one &&
+	git remote add -m master two two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no group updates all' '
+	mark update-all &&
+	update_repos &&
+	git remote update &&
+	repo_fetched one &&
+	repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nonexistant group produces error' '
+	mark nonexistant &&
+	update_repos &&
+	test_must_fail git remote update nonexistant &&
+	! repo_fetched one &&
+	! repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating group updates all members (remote update)' '
+	mark group-all &&
+	update_repos &&
+	git config --add remotes.all one &&
+	git config --add remotes.all two &&
+	git remote update all &&
+	repo_fetched one &&
+	repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating group updates all members (fetch)' '
+	mark fetch-group-all &&
+	update_repos &&
+	git fetch all &&
+	repo_fetched one &&
+	repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating group does not update non-members (remote update)' '
+	mark group-some &&
+	update_repos &&
+	git config --add remotes.some one &&
+	git remote update some &&
+	repo_fetched one &&
+	! repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating group does not update non-members (fetch)' '
+	mark fetch-group-some &&
+	update_repos &&
+	git config --add remotes.some one &&
+	git remote update some &&
+	repo_fetched one &&
+	! repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updating remote name updates that remote' '
+	mark remote-name &&
+	update_repos &&
+	git remote update one &&
+	repo_fetched one &&
+	! repo_fetched two
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..169af1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2006, Junio C Hamano.
+
+test_description='Per branch config variables affects "git fetch".
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+test_bundle_object_count () {
+	git verify-pack -v "$1" >verify.out &&
+	test "$2" = $(grep '^[0-9a-f]\{40\} ' verify.out | wc -l)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo >file original &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -a -m original'
+
+test_expect_success "clone and setup child repos" '
+	git clone . one &&
+	cd one &&
+	echo >file updated by one &&
+	git commit -a -m "updated by one" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git clone . two &&
+	cd two &&
+	git config branch.master.remote one &&
+	git config remote.one.url ../one/.git/ &&
+	git config remote.one.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/one &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git clone . three &&
+	cd three &&
+	git config branch.master.remote two &&
+	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/one &&
+	mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+	{
+		echo "URL: ../two/.git/"
+		echo "Pull: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/two"
+		echo "Pull: refs/heads/one:refs/heads/one"
+	} >.git/remotes/two &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git clone . bundle &&
+	git clone . seven
+'
+
+test_expect_success "fetch test" '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	echo >file updated by origin &&
+	git commit -a -m "updated by origin" &&
+	cd two &&
+	git fetch &&
+	test -f .git/refs/heads/one &&
+	mine=`git rev-parse refs/heads/one` &&
+	his=`cd ../one && git rev-parse refs/heads/master` &&
+	test "z$mine" = "z$his"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "fetch test for-merge" '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	cd three &&
+	git fetch &&
+	test -f .git/refs/heads/two &&
+	test -f .git/refs/heads/one &&
+	master_in_two=`cd ../two && git rev-parse master` &&
+	one_in_two=`cd ../two && git rev-parse one` &&
+	{
+		echo "$master_in_two	not-for-merge"
+		echo "$one_in_two	"
+	} >expected &&
+	cut -f -2 .git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	diff expected actual'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch tags when there is no tags' '
+
+    cd "$D" &&
+
+    mkdir notags &&
+    cd notags &&
+    git init &&
+
+    git fetch -t ..
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch following tags' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git tag -a -m 'annotated' anno HEAD &&
+	git tag light HEAD &&
+
+	mkdir four &&
+	cd four &&
+	git init &&
+
+	git fetch .. :track &&
+	git show-ref --verify refs/tags/anno &&
+	git show-ref --verify refs/tags/light
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch must not resolve short tag name' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+
+	mkdir five &&
+	cd five &&
+	git init &&
+
+	test_must_fail git fetch .. anno:five
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch must not resolve short remote name' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/six/HEAD HEAD
+
+	mkdir six &&
+	cd six &&
+	git init &&
+
+	test_must_fail git fetch .. six:six
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create bundle 1' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	echo >file updated again by origin &&
+	git commit -a -m "tip" &&
+	git bundle create bundle1 master^..master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'header of bundle looks right' '
+	head -n 1 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^#" &&
+	head -n 2 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^-[0-9a-f]\{40\} " &&
+	head -n 3 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\} " &&
+	head -n 4 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create bundle 2' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git bundle create bundle2 master~2..master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unbundle 1' '
+	cd "$D/bundle" &&
+	git checkout -b some-branch &&
+	test_must_fail git fetch "$D/bundle1" master:master
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle 1 has only 3 files ' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	(
+		while read x && test -n "$x"
+		do
+			:;
+		done
+		cat
+	) <bundle1 >bundle.pack &&
+	git index-pack bundle.pack &&
+	test_bundle_object_count bundle.pack 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unbundle 2' '
+	cd "$D/bundle" &&
+	git fetch ../bundle2 master:master &&
+	test "tip" = "$(git log -1 --pretty=oneline master | cut -b42-)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle does not prerequisite objects' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	touch file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m add.file2 file2 &&
+	git bundle create bundle3 -1 HEAD &&
+	(
+		while read x && test -n "$x"
+		do
+			:;
+		done
+		cat
+	) <bundle3 >bundle.pack &&
+	git index-pack bundle.pack &&
+	test_bundle_object_count bundle.pack 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle should be able to create a full history' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git tag -a -m '1.0' v1.0 master &&
+	git bundle create bundle4 v1.0
+
+'
+
+! rsync --help > /dev/null 2> /dev/null &&
+say 'Skipping rsync tests because rsync was not found' || {
+test_expect_success 'fetch via rsync' '
+	git pack-refs &&
+	mkdir rsynced &&
+	(cd rsynced &&
+	 git init --bare &&
+	 git fetch "rsync:$(pwd)/../.git" master:refs/heads/master &&
+	 git gc --prune &&
+	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
+	 git fsck --full)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
+	mkdir rsynced2 &&
+	(cd rsynced2 &&
+	 git init) &&
+	(cd rsynced &&
+	 git push "rsync:$(pwd)/../rsynced2/.git" master) &&
+	(cd rsynced2 &&
+	 git gc --prune &&
+	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
+	 git fsck --full)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
+	mkdir rsynced3 &&
+	(cd rsynced3 &&
+	 git init) &&
+	git push --all "rsync:$(pwd)/rsynced3/.git" &&
+	(cd rsynced3 &&
+	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
+	 git fsck --full)
+'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with a non-applying branch.<name>.merge' '
+	git config branch.master.remote yeti &&
+	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/bigfoot &&
+	git config remote.blub.url one &&
+	git config remote.blub.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/one/*" &&
+	git fetch blub
+'
+
+# the strange name is: a\!'b
+test_expect_success 'quoting of a strangely named repo' '
+	test_must_fail git fetch "a\\!'\''b" > result 2>&1 &&
+	cat result &&
+	grep "fatal: '\''a\\\\!'\''b'\''" result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle should record HEAD correctly' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git bundle create bundle5 HEAD master &&
+	git bundle list-heads bundle5 >actual &&
+	for h in HEAD refs/heads/master
+	do
+		echo "$(git rev-parse --verify $h) $h"
+	done >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should not update tracking' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit pull should not update tracking' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git pull origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing nonexistent branch by mistake should not segv' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	test_must_fail git push seven no:no
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto tag following fetches minimum' '
+
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone .git follow &&
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	(
+		for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+		do
+			echo $i >>file &&
+			git commit -m $i -a &&
+			git tag -a -m $i excess-$i || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	(
+		cd follow &&
+		git fetch
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refuse to fetch into the current branch' '
+
+	test_must_fail git fetch . side:master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch into the current branch with --update-head-ok' '
+
+	git fetch --update-head-ok . side:master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "should be able to fetch with duplicate refspecs" '
+        mkdir dups &&
+        cd dups &&
+        git init &&
+        git config branch.master.remote three &&
+        git config remote.three.url ../three/.git &&
+        git config remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+        git config --add remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+        git fetch three
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5511-refspec.sh b/t/t5511-refspec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c289322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5511-refspec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='refspec parsing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_refspec () {
+
+	kind=$1 refspec=$2 expect=$3
+	git config remote.frotz.url "." &&
+	git config --remove-section remote.frotz &&
+	git config remote.frotz.url "." &&
+	git config "remote.frotz.$kind" "$refspec" &&
+	if test "$expect" != invalid
+	then
+		title="$kind $refspec"
+		test='git ls-remote frotz'
+	else
+		title="$kind $refspec (invalid)"
+		test='test_must_fail git ls-remote frotz'
+	fi
+	test_expect_success "$title" "$test"
+}
+
+test_refspec push ''						invalid
+test_refspec push ':'
+test_refspec push '::'						invalid
+test_refspec push '+:'
+
+test_refspec fetch ''
+test_refspec fetch ':'
+test_refspec fetch '::'						invalid
+
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/frotz/*'
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/frotz'		invalid
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads:refs/remotes/frotz/*'		invalid
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/frotz/xyzzy'
+
+
+# These have invalid LHS, but we do not have a formal "valid sha-1
+# expression syntax checker" so they are not checked with the current
+# code.  They will be caught downstream anyway, but we may want to
+# have tighter check later...
+
+: test_refspec push 'refs/heads/master::refs/remotes/frotz/xyzzy'	invalid
+: test_refspec push 'refs/heads/maste :refs/remotes/frotz/xyzzy'	invalid
+
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/frotz/*'
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/frotz'		invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads:refs/remotes/frotz/*'		invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/frotz/xyzzy'
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/master::refs/remotes/frotz/xyzzy'	invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/maste :refs/remotes/frotz/xyzzy'	invalid
+
+test_refspec push 'master~1:refs/remotes/frotz/backup'
+test_refspec fetch 'master~1:refs/remotes/frotz/backup'		invalid
+test_refspec push 'HEAD~4:refs/remotes/frotz/new'
+test_refspec fetch 'HEAD~4:refs/remotes/frotz/new'		invalid
+
+test_refspec push 'HEAD'
+test_refspec fetch 'HEAD'
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/ nitfol'				invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/ nitfol'				invalid
+
+test_refspec push 'HEAD:'					invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'HEAD:'
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/ nitfol:'				invalid
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/ nitfol:'			invalid
+
+test_refspec push ':refs/remotes/frotz/deleteme'
+test_refspec fetch ':refs/remotes/frotz/HEAD-to-me'
+test_refspec push ':refs/remotes/frotz/delete me'		invalid
+test_refspec fetch ':refs/remotes/frotz/HEAD to me'		invalid
+
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*-blah' invalid
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*-blah' invalid
+
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
+
+test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
+test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1dd8eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git ls-remote'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag mark &&
+	git show-ref --tags -d | sed -e "s/ /	/" >expected.tag &&
+	(
+		echo "$(git rev-parse HEAD)	HEAD"
+		git show-ref -d	| sed -e "s/ /	/"
+	) >expected.all &&
+
+	git remote add self "$(pwd)/.git"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote --tags .git' '
+
+	git ls-remote --tags .git >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.tag actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote .git' '
+
+	git ls-remote .git >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.all actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote --tags self' '
+
+	git ls-remote --tags self >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.tag actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-remote self' '
+
+	git ls-remote self >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.all actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh b/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9e74862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5513-fetch-track.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch follows remote tracking branches correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>file &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+	git branch b-0 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git branch b/one &&
+	test_create_repo other &&
+	(
+		cd other &&
+		git config remote.origin.url .. &&
+		git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/b/*:refs/remotes/b/*"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success fetch '
+	(
+		cd other && git fetch origin &&
+		test "$(git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)")" = refs/remotes/b/one
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b737332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch --all works correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_repository () {
+	mkdir "$1" && (
+	cd "$1" &&
+	git init &&
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	>elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Second" &&
+	git checkout master
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	setup_repository one &&
+	setup_repository two &&
+	(
+		cd two && git branch another
+	) &&
+	git clone --mirror two three
+	git clone one test
+'
+
+cat > test/expect << EOF
+  one/master
+  one/side
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  origin/side
+  three/another
+  three/master
+  three/side
+  two/another
+  two/master
+  two/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 git remote add one ../one &&
+	 git remote add two ../two &&
+	 git remote add three ../three &&
+	 git fetch --all &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all should continue if a remote has errors' '
+	(git clone one test2 &&
+	 cd test2 &&
+	 git remote add bad ../non-existing &&
+	 git remote add one ../one &&
+	 git remote add two ../two &&
+	 git remote add three ../three &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch --all &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp ../test/expect output)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all does not allow non-option arguments' '
+	(cd test &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch --all origin &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch --all origin master)
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  origin/side
+  three/another
+  three/master
+  three/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --multiple (but only one remote)' '
+	(git clone one test3 &&
+	 cd test3 &&
+	 git remote add three ../three &&
+	 git fetch --multiple three &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp ../expect output)
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+  one/master
+  one/side
+  two/another
+  two/master
+  two/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --multiple (two remotes)' '
+	(git clone one test4 &&
+	 cd test4 &&
+	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git remote add one ../one &&
+	 git remote add two ../two &&
+	 git fetch --multiple one two &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp ../expect output)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --multiple (bad remote names)' '
+	(cd test4 &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch --multiple four)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all (skipFetchAll)' '
+	(cd test4 &&
+	 for b in $(git branch -r)
+	 do
+		git branch -r -d $b || break
+	 done &&
+	 git remote add three ../three &&
+	 git config remote.three.skipFetchAll true &&
+	 git fetch --all &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp ../expect output)
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+  one/master
+  one/side
+  three/another
+  three/master
+  three/side
+  two/another
+  two/master
+  two/side
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --multiple (ignoring skipFetchAll)' '
+	(cd test4 &&
+	 for b in $(git branch -r)
+	 do
+		git branch -r -d $b || break
+	 done &&
+	 git fetch --multiple one two three &&
+	 git branch -r > output &&
+	 test_cmp ../expect output)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh b/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dbb927d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515-fetch-merge-logic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Santi Béjar, based on t4013 by Junio C Hamano
+#
+#
+
+test_description='Merge logic in fetch'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+LF='
+'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-06-26 00:00:00 +0000" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-06-26 00:00:00 +0000" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_DATE GIT_COMMITTER_DATE &&
+
+	echo >file original &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -a -m One &&
+	git tag tag-one &&
+	git tag tag-one-tree HEAD^{tree} &&
+	git branch one &&
+
+	echo two >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m Two &&
+	git tag -a -m "Tag Two" tag-two &&
+	git branch two &&
+
+	echo three >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m Three &&
+	git tag -a -m "Tag Three" tag-three &&
+	git tag -a -m "Tag Three file" tag-three-file HEAD^{tree}:file &&
+	git branch three &&
+
+	echo master >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m Master &&
+	git tag -a -m "Tag Master" tag-master &&
+
+	git checkout three &&
+
+	git clone . cloned &&
+	cd cloned &&
+	git config remote.origin.url ../.git/ &&
+
+	git config remote.config-explicit.url ../.git/ &&
+	git config remote.config-explicit.fetch refs/heads/master:remotes/rem/master &&
+	git config --add remote.config-explicit.fetch refs/heads/one:remotes/rem/one &&
+	git config --add remote.config-explicit.fetch two:remotes/rem/two &&
+	git config --add remote.config-explicit.fetch refs/heads/three:remotes/rem/three &&
+	remotes="config-explicit" &&
+
+	git config remote.config-glob.url ../.git/ &&
+	git config remote.config-glob.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/rem/* &&
+	remotes="$remotes config-glob" &&
+
+	mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+	{
+		echo "URL: ../.git/"
+		echo "Pull: refs/heads/master:remotes/rem/master"
+		echo "Pull: refs/heads/one:remotes/rem/one"
+		echo "Pull: two:remotes/rem/two"
+		echo "Pull: refs/heads/three:remotes/rem/three"
+	} >.git/remotes/remote-explicit &&
+	remotes="$remotes remote-explicit" &&
+
+	{
+		echo "URL: ../.git/"
+		echo "Pull: refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/rem/*"
+	} >.git/remotes/remote-glob &&
+	remotes="$remotes remote-glob" &&
+
+	mkdir -p .git/branches &&
+	echo "../.git" > .git/branches/branches-default &&
+	remotes="$remotes branches-default" &&
+
+	echo "../.git#one" > .git/branches/branches-one &&
+	remotes="$remotes branches-one" &&
+
+	for remote in $remotes ; do
+		git config branch.br-$remote.remote $remote &&
+		git config branch.br-$remote-merge.remote $remote &&
+		git config branch.br-$remote-merge.merge refs/heads/three &&
+		git config branch.br-$remote-octopus.remote $remote &&
+		git config branch.br-$remote-octopus.merge refs/heads/one &&
+		git config --add branch.br-$remote-octopus.merge two
+	done
+'
+
+# Merge logic depends on branch properties and Pull: or .fetch lines
+for remote in $remotes ; do
+    for branch in "" "-merge" "-octopus" ; do
+cat <<EOF
+br-$remote$branch
+br-$remote$branch $remote
+EOF
+    done
+done > tests
+
+# Merge logic does not depend on branch properties,
+# but does depend on Pull: or fetch lines.
+# Use two branches completely unrelated from the arguments,
+# the clone default and one without branch properties
+for branch in master br-unconfig ; do
+    echo $branch
+    for remote in $remotes ; do
+	echo $branch $remote
+    done
+done >> tests
+
+# Merge logic does not depend on branch properties
+# neither in the Pull: or .fetch config
+for branch in master br-unconfig ; do
+    cat <<EOF
+$branch ../.git
+$branch ../.git one
+$branch ../.git one two
+$branch --tags ../.git
+$branch ../.git tag tag-one tag tag-three
+$branch ../.git tag tag-one-tree tag tag-three-file
+$branch ../.git one tag tag-one tag tag-three-file
+EOF
+done >> tests
+
+while read cmd
+do
+	case "$cmd" in
+	'' | '#'*) continue ;;
+	esac
+	test=`echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g'`
+	pfx=`printf "%04d" $test_count`
+	expect_f="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t5515/fetch.$test"
+	actual_f="$pfx-fetch.$test"
+	expect_r="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t5515/refs.$test"
+	actual_r="$pfx-refs.$test"
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd" '
+		{
+			echo "# $cmd"
+			set x $cmd; shift
+			git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/$1 ; shift
+			rm -f .git/FETCH_HEAD
+			git for-each-ref \
+				refs/heads refs/remotes/rem refs/tags |
+			while read val type refname
+			do
+				git update-ref -d "$refname" "$val"
+			done
+			git fetch "$@" >/dev/null
+			cat .git/FETCH_HEAD
+		} >"$actual_f" &&
+		git show-ref >"$actual_r" &&
+		if test -f "$expect_f"
+		then
+			test_cmp "$expect_f" "$actual_f" &&
+			rm -f "$actual_f"
+		else
+			# this is to help developing new tests.
+			cp "$actual_f" "$expect_f"
+			false
+		fi &&
+		if test -f "$expect_r"
+		then
+			test_cmp "$expect_r" "$actual_r" &&
+			rm -f "$actual_r"
+		else
+			# this is to help developing new tests.
+			cp "$actual_r" "$expect_r"
+			false
+		fi
+	'
+done < tests
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e0414f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-branches-default
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca2cc1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# br-branches-default-merge
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d947cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# br-branches-default-merge branches-default
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec39c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# br-branches-default-octopus
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bf42e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# br-branches-default-octopus branches-default
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a2bf3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-default_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-branches-default branches-default
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12ac8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-branches-one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b3b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# br-branches-one-merge
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ecef38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# br-branches-one-merge branches-one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96e3029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# br-branches-one-octopus
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-octopus_branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-octopus_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55e0bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one-octopus_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# br-branches-one-octopus branches-one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one_branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..281fa09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-branches-one_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-branches-one branches-one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2fa9c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec1a723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-explicit-merge
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54f6891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-merge_config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-explicit-merge config-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7011dfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-explicit-octopus
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdad51f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit-octopus_config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-explicit-octopus config-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit_config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b237dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-explicit_config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-explicit config-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e75ec2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce8f739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-glob-merge
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5817bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-merge_config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-glob-merge config-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938e532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-glob-octopus
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9225bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob-octopus_config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-glob-octopus config-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob_config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6c20f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-config-glob_config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-config-glob config-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83534d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9064dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-explicit-merge
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..732a37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-merge_remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-explicit-merge remote-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecf020d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-explicit-octopus
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af77531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit-octopus_remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-explicit-octopus remote-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit_remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51fae56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-explicit_remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-explicit remote-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94e6ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09362e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-glob-merge
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2eabec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-merge_remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-glob-merge remote-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b08e046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-glob-octopus
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4d547c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob-octopus_remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-glob-octopus remote-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob_remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..646dbc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-remote-glob_remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-remote-glob remote-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ce6d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-unconfig
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8258c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# br-unconfig --tags ../.git
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284bb1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# br-unconfig ../.git
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11eb5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# br-unconfig ../.git one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f02bab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-unconfig ../.git one tag tag-one tag tag-three-file
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		tag 'tag-one' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one_two b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one_two
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f1be22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_one_two
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# br-unconfig ../.git one two
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85de411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# br-unconfig ../.git tag tag-one-tree tag tag-three-file
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0da2337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# br-unconfig ../.git tag tag-one tag tag-three
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		tag 'tag-one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		tag 'tag-three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc7041e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-unconfig branches-default
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e94cde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# br-unconfig branches-one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01a283e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-unconfig config-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a556c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-unconfig config-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db216df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-unconfig remote-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aee65c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# br-unconfig remote-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master b/t/t5515/fetch.master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..950fd07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# master
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e59950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# master --tags ../.git
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d1aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# master ../.git
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35deddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# master ../.git one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8286852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# master ../.git one tag tag-one tag tag-three-file
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		tag 'tag-one' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one_two b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one_two
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35ec578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_one_two
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# master ../.git one two
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8		branch 'two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e133ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# master ../.git tag tag-one-tree tag tag-three-file
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92b18b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# master ../.git tag tag-one tag tag-three
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		tag 'tag-one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		tag 'tag-three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_branches-default b/t/t5515/fetch.master_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..603d6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# master branches-default
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_branches-one b/t/t5515/fetch.master_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe9bb0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# master branches-one
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689		branch 'one' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_config-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.master_config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4be97c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# master config-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_config-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.master_config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0726f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# master config-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/fetch.master_remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44a1ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# master remote-explicit
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f		branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_remote-glob b/t/t5515/fetch.master_remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..724e8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# master remote-glob
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	branch 'master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	branch 'one' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	branch 'three' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	branch 'two' of ../
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three' of ../
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-three-file' of ../
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-two' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-merge b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-merge_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-octopus b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default-octopus_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default_branches-default b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-default_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a705a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/heads/branches-one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-merge b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-merge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a705a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-merge
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/heads/branches-one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a705a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-merge_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/heads/branches-one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-octopus b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-octopus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a705a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.br-branches-one-octopus
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/heads/branches-one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a705a5
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index 0000000..8a705a5
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index 0000000..9bbbfd9
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index 0000000..9bbbfd9
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index 0000000..9bbbfd9
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+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70962ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70962ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13e4ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three-file
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one_two b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one_two
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70962ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_one_two
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13e4ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one-tree_tag_tag-three-file
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13e4ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_.._.git_tag_tag-one_tag_tag-three
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_branches-default b/t/t5515/refs.master_branches-default
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21917c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_branches-default
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/heads/branches-default
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_branches-one b/t/t5515/refs.master_branches-one
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a705a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_branches-one
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/heads/branches-one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_config-explicit b/t/t5515/refs.master_config-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbbfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_config-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/rem/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/rem/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/rem/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/rem/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_config-glob b/t/t5515/refs.master_config-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbbfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_config-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/rem/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/rem/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/rem/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/rem/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_remote-explicit b/t/t5515/refs.master_remote-explicit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbbfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_remote-explicit
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/rem/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/rem/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/rem/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/rem/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5515/refs.master_remote-glob b/t/t5515/refs.master_remote-glob
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbbfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5515/refs.master_remote-glob
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/origin/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/origin/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/origin/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/origin/two
+754b754407bf032e9a2f9d5a9ad05ca79a6b228f refs/remotes/rem/master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/remotes/rem/one
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b refs/remotes/rem/three
+6134ee8f857693b96ff1cc98d3e2fd62b199e5a8 refs/remotes/rem/two
+6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5 refs/tags/tag-master
+8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689 refs/tags/tag-one
+22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba refs/tags/tag-one-tree
+c61a82b60967180544e3c19f819ddbd0c9f89899 refs/tags/tag-three
+0e3b14047d3ee365f4f2a1b673db059c3972589c refs/tags/tag-three-file
+525b7fb068d59950d185a8779dc957c77eed73ba refs/tags/tag-two
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0f04b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetching and pushing, with or without wildcard'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+mk_empty () {
+	rm -fr testrepo &&
+	mkdir testrepo &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git init &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
+		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
+	)
+}
+
+mk_test () {
+	mk_empty &&
+	(
+		for ref in "$@"
+		do
+			git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/$ref || {
+				echo "Oops, push refs/$ref failure"
+				exit 1
+			}
+		done &&
+		cd testrepo &&
+		for ref in "$@"
+		do
+			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
+			test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" || {
+				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
+				exit 1
+			}
+		done &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
+}
+
+mk_child() {
+	rm -rf "$1" &&
+	git clone testrepo "$1"
+}
+
+check_push_result () {
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		it="$1" &&
+		shift
+		for ref in "$@"
+		do
+			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
+			test "z$r" = "z$it" || {
+				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
+				exit 1
+			}
+		done &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	: >path1 &&
+	git add path1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m repo &&
+	the_first_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+
+	: >path2 &&
+	git add path2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+	the_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch without wildcard' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git fetch .. refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with wildcard' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config remote.up.url .. &&
+		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
+		git fetch up &&
+
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	(
+		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+		git config remote.up.url trash/. &&
+		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
+		git fetch up &&
+
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	(
+		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config "url.trash/.pushInsteadOf" "$TRASH" &&
+		git config remote.up.url "$TRASH." &&
+		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
+		git fetch up &&
+
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push without wildcard' '
+	mk_empty &&
+
+	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with wildcard' '
+	mk_empty &&
+
+	git push testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with insteadOf' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
+	git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
+	git config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf and explicit pushurl (pushInsteadOf should not rewrite)' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
+	git config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	git config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
+	git config remote.r.pushurl "$TRASH/testrepo" &&
+	git push r refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with matching heads' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with matching heads on the command line' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'failed (non-fast-forward) push with matching heads' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	git commit --amend -massaged &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git reset --hard $the_commit
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --force with matching heads' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	git commit --amend -massaged &&
+	git push --force testrepo &&
+	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git reset --hard $the_commit
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with matching heads and forced update' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	git commit --amend -massaged &&
+	git push testrepo +: &&
+	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git reset --hard $the_commit
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (1)' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo master:master &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (2)' '
+
+	mk_test remotes/origin/master &&
+	git push testrepo master:origin/master &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit remotes/origin/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec, no ambiguity' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master heads/t/master &&
+	git branch -f t/master master &&
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/t/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (1)' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
+	git push testrepo master:master &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (2)' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
+	git push testrepo master:master &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with ambiguity' '
+
+	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	if git push testrepo master:frotz
+	then
+		echo "Oops, should have failed"
+		false
+	else
+		check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (1)' '
+
+	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	git branch -f frotz master &&
+	git push testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit tags/frotz
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (2)' '
+
+	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
+	then
+		git branch -D frotz
+	fi &&
+	git tag -f frotz &&
+	git push testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (3)' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/frotz
+	then
+		git tag -d frotz
+	fi &&
+	git branch -f frotz master &&
+	git push testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (4)' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
+	then
+		git branch -D frotz
+	fi &&
+	git tag -f frotz &&
+	git push testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push head with non-existant, incomplete dest' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	git push testrepo master:branch &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push tag with non-existant, incomplete dest' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	git tag -f v1.0 &&
+	git push testrepo v1.0:tag &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit tags/tag
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push sha1 with non-existant, incomplete dest' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo `git rev-parse master`:foo
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push ref expression with non-existant, incomplete dest' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master^:branch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with HEAD' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git push testrepo HEAD &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with HEAD nonexisting at remote' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git checkout -b local master &&
+	git push testrepo HEAD &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with +HEAD' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D local &&
+	git checkout -b local &&
+	git push testrepo master local &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+
+	# Without force rewinding should fail
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo HEAD &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+
+	# With force rewinding should succeed
+	git push testrepo +HEAD &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push HEAD with non-existant, incomplete dest' '
+
+	mk_test &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git push testrepo HEAD:branch &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
+
+	mk_test heads/local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -f local $the_commit &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git checkout local &&
+		git reset --hard $the_first_commit
+	) &&
+	git config remote.there.url testrepo &&
+	git config remote.there.push HEAD &&
+	git config branch.master.remote there &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+'
+
+# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
+git config --remove-section remote.there
+git config --remove-section branch.master
+
+test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.pushurl' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git config remote.there.url test2repo &&
+	git config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
+	git push there &&
+	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+'
+
+# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
+git config --remove-section remote.there
+
+test_expect_success 'push with dry-run' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	(cd testrepo &&
+	 old_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)) &&
+	git push --dry-run testrepo &&
+	check_push_result $old_commit heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_child child &&
+	(cd child &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		git push &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master) = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/master))
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_child child1 &&
+	mk_child child2 &&
+	(cd child1 && git pull .. master && git push) &&
+	(cd child2 &&
+		git pull ../child1 master &&
+		git push &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master) = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/master))
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_child child &&
+	(cd child &&
+		git push &&
+	! test -f .git/refs/remotes/origin/master)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_child child &&
+	mkdir testrepo/.git/hooks &&
+	echo exit 1 >testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
+	chmod +x testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
+	(cd child &&
+		git pull .. master
+		test_must_fail git push &&
+		test $(git rev-parse master) != \
+			$(git rev-parse remotes/origin/master))
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
+
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
+	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
+	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow deleting a ref using --delete' '
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	(cd testrepo && git config receive.denyDeleteCurrent warn) &&
+	git push testrepo --delete master &&
+	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	git tag -a -m dummy_message deltag heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo --tags &&
+	(cd testrepo && git rev-parse --verify -q refs/tags/deltag) &&
+	git push testrepo --delete tag deltag &&
+	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/tags/deltag)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --delete without args aborts' '
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --delete refuses src:dest refspecs' '
+	mk_test heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete master:foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
+	mk_test heads/master
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn) &&
+	git push testrepo master 2>stderr &&
+	grep "warning: updating the current branch" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
+	mk_test heads/master
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch true) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
+	mk_test heads/master
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch true &&
+		git config core.bare true) &&
+	git push testrepo master 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "warning: updating the current branch" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
+	mk_test heads/master
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch false
+	) &&
+	git push testrepo master 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "warning: updating the current branch" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		git fetch branch1 &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch1) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+	) &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		git fetch branch2 &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch2) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+	) &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
+	git push branch1 &&
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
+	mk_empty &&
+	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
+	git push branch2 &&
+	(cd testrepo &&
+		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch3) &&
+		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
+		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+	) &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e2ad260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pushing to a mirror repository'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+invert () {
+	if "$@"; then
+		return 1
+	else
+		return 0
+	fi
+}
+
+mk_repo_pair () {
+	rm -rf master mirror &&
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git init &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn
+	) &&
+	mkdir master &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add $1 up ../mirror
+	)
+}
+
+
+# BRANCH tests
+test_expect_success 'push mirror creates new branches' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror updates existing branches' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		echo two >foo && git add foo && git commit -m two &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror force updates existing branches' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		echo two >foo && git add foo && git commit -m two &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror removes branches' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git branch remove master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git branch -D remove
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		invert git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/remove
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror adds, updates and removes branches together' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git branch remove master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git branch -D remove &&
+		git branch add master &&
+		echo two >foo && git add foo && git commit -m two &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	master_add=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/add) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	mirror_add=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/add) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master" &&
+	test "$master_add" = "$mirror_add" &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		invert git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/remove
+	)
+
+'
+
+
+# TAG tests
+test_expect_success 'push mirror creates new tags' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror updates existing tags' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		echo two >foo && git add foo && git commit -m two &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror force updates existing tags' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		echo two >foo && git add foo && git commit -m two &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror removes tags' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git tag -f tremove master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git tag -d tremove
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		invert git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tremove
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push mirror adds, updates and removes tags together' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git tag -f tremove master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git tag -d tremove &&
+		git tag tadd master &&
+		echo two >foo && git add foo && git commit -m two &&
+		git tag -f tmaster master &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	master_master=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	master_add=$(cd master && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tadd) &&
+	mirror_master=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tmaster) &&
+	mirror_add=$(cd mirror && git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tadd) &&
+	test "$master_master" = "$mirror_master" &&
+	test "$master_add" = "$mirror_add" &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		invert git show-ref -s --verify refs/tags/tremove
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote.foo.mirror adds and removes branches' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair --mirror &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git branch keep master &&
+		git branch remove master &&
+		git push up &&
+		git branch -D remove
+		git push up
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/keep &&
+		invert git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/remove
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote.foo.mirror=no has no effect' '
+
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd master &&
+		echo one >foo && git add foo && git commit -m one &&
+		git config --add remote.up.mirror no &&
+		git branch keep master &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git branch -D keep &&
+		git push up
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/keep
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5518-fetch-exit-status.sh b/t/t5518-fetch-exit-status.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c2060bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5518-fetch-exit-status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Dmitry V. Levin
+#
+
+test_description='fetch exit status test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	echo side >file &&
+	git commit -a -m side &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo next >file &&
+	git commit -a -m next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward fetch' '
+
+	test_must_fail git fetch . master:side
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'forced update' '
+
+	git fetch . +master:side
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..96be523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='push to a repository that borrows from elsewhere'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir alice-pub &&
+	(
+		cd alice-pub &&
+		GIT_DIR=. git init
+	) &&
+	mkdir alice-work &&
+	(
+		cd alice-work &&
+		git init &&
+		>file &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m initial &&
+		git push ../alice-pub master
+	) &&
+
+	# Project Bob is a fork of project Alice
+	mkdir bob-pub &&
+	(
+		cd bob-pub &&
+		GIT_DIR=. git init &&
+		mkdir -p objects/info &&
+		echo ../../alice-pub/objects >objects/info/alternates
+	) &&
+	git clone alice-pub bob-work &&
+	(
+		cd bob-work &&
+		git push ../bob-pub master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes' '
+	(
+		cd alice-work &&
+		echo more >file &&
+		git commit -a -m second &&
+		git push ../alice-pub
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bob fetches from alice, works and pushes' '
+	(
+		# Bob acquires what Alice did in his work tree first.
+		# Even though these objects are not directly in
+		# the public repository of Bob, this push does not
+		# need to send the commit Bob received from Alice
+		# to his public repository, as all the object Alice
+		# has at her public repository are available to it
+		# via its alternates.
+		cd bob-work &&
+		git pull ../alice-pub master &&
+		echo more bob >file &&
+		git commit -a -m third &&
+		git push ../bob-pub
+	) &&
+
+	# Check that the second commit by Alice is not sent
+	# to ../bob-pub
+	(
+		cd bob-pub &&
+		second=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+		rm -f objects/info/alternates &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -t $second &&
+		echo ../../alice-pub/objects >objects/info/alternates
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean-up in case the previous failed' '
+	(
+		cd bob-pub &&
+		echo ../../alice-pub/objects >objects/info/alternates
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes again' '
+	(
+		# Alice does not care what Bob does.  She does not
+		# even have to be aware of his existence.  She just
+		# keeps working and pushing
+		cd alice-work &&
+		echo more alice >file &&
+		git commit -a -m fourth &&
+		git push ../alice-pub
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes' '
+	(
+		# This time Bob does not pull from Alice, and
+		# the master branch at her public repository points
+		# at a commit Bob does not know about.  This should
+		# not prevent the push by Bob from succeeding.
+		cd bob-work &&
+		echo yet more bob >file &&
+		git commit -a -m fifth &&
+		git push ../bob-pub
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes yet again' '
+	(
+		# Alice does not care what Bob does.  She does not
+		# even have to be aware of his existence.  She just
+		# keeps working and pushing
+		cd alice-work &&
+		echo more and more alice >file &&
+		git commit -a -m sixth.1 &&
+		echo more and more alice >>file &&
+		git commit -a -m sixth.2 &&
+		echo more and more alice >>file &&
+		git commit -a -m sixth.3 &&
+		git push ../alice-pub
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes again' '
+	(
+		cd alice-pub &&
+		git cat-file commit master >../bob-work/commit
+	)
+	(
+		# This time Bob does not pull from Alice, and
+		# the master branch at her public repository points
+		# at a commit Bob does not fully know about, but
+		# he happens to have the commit object (but not the
+		# necessary tree) in his repository from Alice.
+		# This should not prevent the push by Bob from
+		# succeeding.
+		cd bob-work &&
+		git hash-object -t commit -w commit &&
+		echo even more bob >file &&
+		git commit -a -m seventh &&
+		git push ../bob-pub
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dd2ee84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pulling into void'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo file >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -a -m original
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void' '
+	mkdir cloned &&
+	cd cloned &&
+	git init &&
+	git pull ..
+'
+
+cd "$D"
+
+test_expect_success 'checking the results' '
+	test -f file &&
+	test -f cloned/file &&
+	diff file cloned/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void using master:master' '
+	mkdir cloned-uho &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-uho &&
+		git init &&
+		git pull .. master:master
+	) &&
+	test -f file &&
+	test -f cloned-uho/file &&
+	test_cmp file cloned-uho/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
+
+	git branch copy master &&
+	git config branch.copy.remote . &&
+	git config branch.copy.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	echo updated >file &&
+	git commit -a -m updated &&
+	git checkout copy &&
+	test `cat file` = file &&
+	git pull &&
+	test `cat file` = updated
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default remote . should not break explicit pull' '
+	git checkout -b second master^ &&
+	echo modified >file &&
+	git commit -a -m modified &&
+	git checkout copy &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	test `cat file` = file &&
+	git pull . second &&
+	test `cat file` = modified
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase' '
+	git branch to-rebase &&
+	echo modified again > file &&
+	git commit -m file file &&
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	echo new > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m "new file" &&
+	git tag before-rebase &&
+	git pull --rebase . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase 1 &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase 0 &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased upstream' '
+
+	git remote add -f me . &&
+	git checkout copy &&
+	git tag copy-orig &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo conflicting modification > file &&
+	git commit -m conflict file &&
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	echo file > file2 &&
+	git commit -m to-rebase file2 &&
+	git tag to-rebase-orig &&
+	git pull --rebase me copy &&
+	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
+	test file = $(cat file2)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased default upstream' '
+
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy-orig &&
+	git checkout --track -b to-rebase2 me/copy &&
+	git reset --hard to-rebase-orig &&
+	git pull --rebase &&
+	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
+	test file = $(cat file2)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebased upstream + fetch + pull --rebase' '
+
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy-orig &&
+	git reset --hard to-rebase-orig &&
+	git checkout --track -b to-rebase3 me/copy &&
+	git reset --hard to-rebase-orig &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git pull --rebase &&
+	test "conflicting modification" = "$(cat file)" &&
+	test file = "$(cat file2)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase dies early with dirty working directory' '
+
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy^ &&
+	COPY=$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
+	git rebase --onto $COPY copy &&
+	git config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
+	git config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
+	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
+	echo dirty >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git pull &&
+	test $COPY = $(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- file &&
+	git pull &&
+	test $COPY != $(git rev-parse --verify me/copy)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull --rebase works on branch yet to be born' '
+	git rev-parse master >expect &&
+	mkdir empty_repo &&
+	(cd empty_repo &&
+	 git init &&
+	 git pull --rebase .. master &&
+	 git rev-parse HEAD >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..83e2e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pull options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir parent &&
+	(cd parent && git init &&
+	 echo one >file && git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+'
+
+cd "$D"
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q' '
+	mkdir clonedq &&
+	cd clonedq &&
+	git pull -q "$D/parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test ! -s out
+'
+
+cd "$D"
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull' '
+	mkdir cloned &&
+	cd cloned &&
+	git pull "$D/parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s out
+'
+cd "$D"
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
+	mkdir clonedv &&
+	cd clonedv &&
+	git pull -v "$D/parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s out
+'
+
+cd "$D"
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v -q' '
+	mkdir clonedvq &&
+	cd clonedvq &&
+	git pull -v -q "$D/parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test ! -s out
+'
+
+cd "$D"
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q -v' '
+	mkdir clonedqv &&
+	cd clonedqv &&
+	git pull -q -v "$D/parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s out
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh b/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7206817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5522-pull-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pulling from symlinked subdir'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# The scenario we are building:
+#
+#   trash\ directory/
+#     clone-repo/
+#       subdir/
+#         bar
+#     subdir-link -> clone-repo/subdir/
+#
+# The working directory is subdir-link.
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo file >subdir/file &&
+	git add subdir/file &&
+	git commit -q -m file &&
+	git clone -q . clone-repo &&
+	ln -s clone-repo/subdir/ subdir-link &&
+	(
+		cd clone-repo &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn
+	) &&
+	git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn
+'
+
+# Demonstrate that things work if we just avoid the symlink
+#
+test_expect_success 'pulling from real subdir' '
+	(
+		echo real >subdir/file &&
+		git commit -m real subdir/file &&
+		cd clone-repo/subdir/ &&
+		git pull &&
+		test real = $(cat file)
+	)
+'
+
+# From subdir-link, pulling should work as it does from
+# clone-repo/subdir/.
+#
+# Instead, the error pull gave was:
+#
+#   fatal: 'origin': unable to chdir or not a git archive
+#   fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
+#
+# because git would find the .git/config for the "trash directory"
+# repo, not for the clone-repo repo.  The "trash directory" repo
+# had no entry for origin.  Git found the wrong .git because
+# git rev-parse --show-cdup printed a path relative to
+# clone-repo/subdir/, not subdir-link/.  Git rev-parse --show-cdup
+# used the correct .git, but when the git pull shell script did
+# "cd `git rev-parse --show-cdup`", it ended up in the wrong
+# directory.  A POSIX shell's "cd" works a little differently
+# than chdir() in C; "cd -P" is much closer to chdir().
+#
+test_expect_success 'pulling from symlinked subdir' '
+	(
+		echo link >subdir/file &&
+		git commit -m link subdir/file &&
+		cd subdir-link/ &&
+		git pull &&
+		test link = $(cat file)
+	)
+'
+
+# Prove that the remote end really is a repo, and other commands
+# work fine in this context.  It's just that "git pull" breaks.
+#
+test_expect_success 'pushing from symlinked subdir' '
+	(
+		cd subdir-link/ &&
+		echo push >file &&
+		git commit -m push ./file &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	test push = $(git show HEAD:subdir/file)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh b/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..00da707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5523-push-upstream.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='push with --set-upstream'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare parent' '
+	git init --bare parent &&
+	git remote add upstream parent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup local commit' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+check_config() {
+	(echo $2; echo $3) >expect.$1
+	(git config branch.$1.remote
+	 git config branch.$1.merge) >actual.$1
+	test_cmp expect.$1 actual.$1
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u master:master' '
+	git push -u upstream master:master &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u master:other' '
+	git push -u upstream master:other &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u --dry-run master:otherX' '
+	git push -u --dry-run upstream master:otherX &&
+	check_config master upstream refs/heads/other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u master2:master2' '
+	git branch master2 &&
+	git push -u upstream master2:master2 &&
+	check_config master2 upstream refs/heads/master2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u master2:other2' '
+	git push -u upstream master2:other2 &&
+	check_config master2 upstream refs/heads/other2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u :master2' '
+	git push -u upstream :master2 &&
+	check_config master2 upstream refs/heads/other2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u --all' '
+	git branch all1 &&
+	git branch all2 &&
+	git push -u --all &&
+	check_config all1 upstream refs/heads/all1 &&
+	check_config all2 upstream refs/heads/all2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push -u HEAD' '
+	git checkout -b headbranch &&
+	git push -u upstream HEAD &&
+	check_config headbranch upstream refs/heads/headbranch
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh b/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8cccecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5524-pull-msg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git pull message generation'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+dollar='$Dollar'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit initial afile original &&
+	git clone . cloned &&
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		echo added >bfile &&
+		git add bfile &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "add bfile"
+	) &&
+	test_tick && test_tick &&
+	echo "original $dollar" >afile &&
+	git add afile &&
+	git commit -m "do not clobber $dollar signs"
+'
+
+test_expect_success pull '
+(
+	cd cloned &&
+	git pull --log &&
+	git log -2 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >result &&
+	grep Dollar result
+)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a696b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='errors in upload-pack'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+corrupt_repo () {
+	object_sha1=$(git rev-parse "$1") &&
+	ob=$(expr "$object_sha1" : "\(..\)") &&
+	ject=$(expr "$object_sha1" : "..\(..*\)") &&
+	rm -f ".git/objects/$ob/$ject"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup and corrupt repository' '
+
+	echo file >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git rev-parse :file &&
+	git commit -a -m original &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo changed >file &&
+	git commit -a -m changed &&
+	corrupt_repo HEAD:file
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck fails' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in pack-objects packing' '
+
+	! echo "0032want $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+00000009done
+0000" | git upload-pack . > /dev/null 2> output.err &&
+	grep "unable to read" output.err &&
+	grep "pack-objects died" output.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'corrupt repo differently' '
+
+	git hash-object -w file &&
+	corrupt_repo HEAD^^{tree}
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck fails' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck
+'
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in rev-list' '
+
+	! echo "0032want $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+0034shallow $(git rev-parse HEAD^)00000009done
+0000" | git upload-pack . > /dev/null 2> output.err &&
+	# pack-objects survived
+	grep "Total.*, reused" output.err &&
+	# but there was an error, which must have been in rev-list
+	grep "bad tree object" output.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in pack-objects enumeration' '
+
+	! echo "0032want $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+00000009done
+0000" | git upload-pack . > /dev/null 2> output.err &&
+	grep "bad tree object" output.err &&
+	grep "pack-objects died" output.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create empty repository' '
+
+	mkdir foo &&
+	cd foo &&
+	git init
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch fails' '
+
+	test_must_fail git fetch .. master
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..65d8d47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='unpack-objects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir pub.git &&
+	GIT_DIR=pub.git git init --bare
+	GIT_DIR=pub.git git config receive.fsckobjects true &&
+	mkdir work &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git init &&
+		mkdir -p gar/bage &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git init &&
+			>junk &&
+			git add junk &&
+			git commit -m "Initial junk"
+		) &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Initial superproject"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success push '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		git push ../pub.git master
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5540-http-push.sh b/t/t5540-http-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bb18f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5540-http-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
+#
+
+test_description='test WebDAV http-push
+
+This test runs various sanity checks on http-push.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if git http-push > /dev/null 2>&1 || [ $? -eq 128 ]
+then
+	say "skipping test, USE_CURL_MULTI is not defined"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+LIB_HTTPD_DAV=t
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5540'}
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote repository' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	mkdir test_repo &&
+	cd test_repo &&
+	git init &&
+	: >path1 &&
+	git add path1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	cd - &&
+	git clone --bare test_repo test_repo.git &&
+	cd test_repo.git &&
+	git --bare update-server-info &&
+	mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update &&
+	ORIG_HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	cd - &&
+	mv test_repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo.git test_repo_clone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to remote repository with packed refs' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	: >path2 &&
+	git add path2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m path2 &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git push &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push already up-to-date' '
+	git push
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to remote repository with unpacked refs' '
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 rm packed-refs &&
+	 git update-ref refs/heads/master $ORIG_HEAD &&
+	 git --bare update-server-info) &&
+	git push &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http-push fetches unpacked objects' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
+		"$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_unpacked.git &&
+
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_unpacked.git \
+		"$ROOT_PATH"/fetch_unpacked &&
+
+	# By reset, we force git to retrieve the object
+	(cd "$ROOT_PATH"/fetch_unpacked &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git reflog expire --expire=0 --all &&
+	 git prune &&
+	 git push -f -v $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_unpacked.git master)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http-push fetches packed objects' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
+		"$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_packed.git &&
+
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_packed.git \
+		"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone_packed &&
+
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_packed.git &&
+	 git --bare repack &&
+	 git --bare prune-packed) &&
+
+	# By reset, we force git to retrieve the packed object
+	(cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone_packed &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git reflog expire --expire=0 --all &&
+	 git prune &&
+	 git push -f -v $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_packed.git master)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create and delete remote branch' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	git checkout -b dev &&
+	: >path3 &&
+	git add path3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m dev &&
+	git push origin dev &&
+	git push origin :dev &&
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify refs/remotes/origin/dev
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'MKCOL sends directory names with trailing slashes' '
+
+	! grep "\"MKCOL.*[^/] HTTP/[^ ]*\"" < "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
+
+'
+
+x1="[0-9a-f]"
+x2="$x1$x1"
+x5="$x1$x1$x1$x1$x1"
+x38="$x5$x5$x5$x5$x5$x5$x5$x1$x1$x1"
+x40="$x38$x2"
+
+test_expect_success 'PUT and MOVE sends object to URLs with SHA-1 hash suffix' '
+	sed -e "s/PUT /OP /" -e "s/MOVE /OP /" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log |
+	grep -e "\"OP .*/objects/$x2/${x38}_$x40 HTTP/[.0-9]*\" 20[0-9] "
+
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push.sh b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..53f54a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
+#
+
+test_description='test smart pushing over http via http-backend'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	say 'skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5541'}
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote repository' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	mkdir test_repo &&
+	cd test_repo &&
+	git init &&
+	: >path1 &&
+	git add path1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	cd - &&
+	git clone --bare test_repo test_repo.git &&
+	cd test_repo.git &&
+	git config http.receivepack true &&
+	ORIG_HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	cd - &&
+	mv test_repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to remote repository' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	: >path2 &&
+	git add path2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m path2 &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git push &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push already up-to-date' '
+	git push
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create and delete remote branch' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	git checkout -b dev &&
+	: >path3 &&
+	git add path3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m dev &&
+	git push origin dev &&
+	git push origin :dev &&
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify refs/remotes/origin/dev
+'
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'used receive-pack service' '
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push fails' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo "changed" > path2 &&
+	git commit -a -m path2 --amend &&
+
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	!(git push -v origin >output 2>&1) &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+	 test $HEAD != $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD))
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push show ref status' '
+	grep "^ ! \[rejected\][ ]*master -> master (non-fast-forward)$" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push shows help message' '
+	grep "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected" \
+		output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper' '
+	# create a dissimilarly-named remote ref so that git is unable to match the
+	# two refs (viz. local, remote) unless an explicit refspec is provided.
+	git push origin master:retsam
+
+	echo "change changed" > path2 &&
+	git commit -a -m path2 --amend &&
+
+	# push master too; this ensures there is at least one '"'push'"' command to
+	# the remote helper and triggers interaction with the helper.
+	!(git push -v origin +master master:retsam >output 2>&1) &&
+
+	grep "^ + [a-f0-9]*\.\.\.[a-f0-9]* *master -> master (forced update)$" output &&
+	grep "^ ! \[rejected\] *master -> retsam (non-fast-forward)$" output &&
+
+	grep "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected" \
+		output
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8cfce96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test dumb fetching over http via static file'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	say 'skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5550'}
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
+	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 echo "exec git update-server-info" >hooks/post-update &&
+	 chmod +x hooks/post-update
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git clone &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public
+	(cd clone && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http remote detects correct HEAD' '
+	git push public master:other &&
+	(cd clone &&
+	 git remote set-head origin -d &&
+	 git remote set-head origin -a &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD > output &&
+	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master > expect &&
+	 test_cmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch packed objects' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	git --bare repack &&
+	git --bare prune-packed &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_pack.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'did not use upload-pack service' '
+	grep '/git-upload-pack' <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log >act
+	: >exp
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7faa31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test smart fetching over http via http-backend'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	say 'skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5551'}
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
+	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git --bare init
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+> GET /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
+> Accept: */*
+> Pragma: no-cache
+< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+< Pragma: no-cache
+< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
+< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+> POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
+> Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip
+> Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+> Accept: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+> Content-Length: xxx
+< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+< Pragma: no-cache
+< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
+< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone --quiet $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone 2>err &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file &&
+	tr '\''\015'\'' Q <err |
+	sed -e "
+		s/Q\$//
+		/^[*] /d
+		/^$/d
+		/^< $/d
+
+		/^[^><]/{
+			s/^/> /
+		}
+
+		/^> User-Agent: /d
+		/^> Host: /d
+		/^> POST /,$ {
+			/^> Accept: [*]\\/[*]/d
+		}
+		s/^> Content-Length: .*/> Content-Length: xxx/
+		/^> 00..want /d
+		/^> 00.*done/d
+
+		/^< Server: /d
+		/^< Expires: /d
+		/^< Date: /d
+		/^< Content-Length: /d
+		/^< Transfer-Encoding: /d
+	" >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public
+	(cd clone && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'used upload-pack service' '
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..44885b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git-http-backend-noserver'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+
+run_backend() {
+	echo "$2" |
+	QUERY_STRING="${1#*\?}" \
+	GIT_PROJECT_ROOT="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH" \
+	PATH_INFO="${1%%\?*}" \
+	git http-backend >act.out 2>act.err
+}
+
+GET() {
+	export REQUEST_METHOD="GET" &&
+	run_backend "/repo.git/$1" &&
+	unset REQUEST_METHOD &&
+	if ! grep "Status" act.out >act
+	then
+		printf "Status: 200 OK\r\n" >act
+	fi
+	printf "Status: $2\r\n" >exp &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+}
+
+POST() {
+	export REQUEST_METHOD="POST" &&
+	export CONTENT_TYPE="application/x-$1-request" &&
+	run_backend "/repo.git/$1" "$2" &&
+	unset REQUEST_METHOD &&
+	unset CONTENT_TYPE &&
+	if ! grep "Status" act.out >act
+	then
+		printf "Status: 200 OK\r\n" >act
+	fi
+	printf "Status: $3\r\n" >exp &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+}
+
+log_div() {
+	return 0
+}
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t556x_common
+
+expect_aliased() {
+	export REQUEST_METHOD="GET" &&
+	if test $1 = 0; then
+		run_backend "$2"
+	else
+		run_backend "$2" &&
+		echo "fatal: '$2': aliased" >exp.err &&
+		test_cmp exp.err act.err
+	fi
+	unset REQUEST_METHOD
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'http-backend blocks bad PATH_INFO' '
+	config http.getanyfile true &&
+
+	expect_aliased 0 /repo.git/HEAD &&
+
+	expect_aliased 1 /repo.git/../HEAD &&
+	expect_aliased 1 /../etc/passwd &&
+	expect_aliased 1 ../etc/passwd &&
+	expect_aliased 1 /etc//passwd &&
+	expect_aliased 1 /etc/./passwd &&
+	expect_aliased 1 //domain/data.txt
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5561-http-backend.sh b/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c6d0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git-http-backend'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	say 'skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5561'}
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+GET() {
+	curl --include "$HTTPD_URL/$SMART/repo.git/$1" >out 2>/dev/null &&
+	tr '\015' Q <out |
+	sed '
+		s/Q$//
+		1q
+	' >act &&
+	echo "HTTP/1.1 $2" >exp &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+}
+
+POST() {
+	curl --include --data "$2" \
+	--header "Content-Type: application/x-$1-request" \
+	"$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git/$1" >out 2>/dev/null &&
+	tr '\015' Q <out |
+	sed '
+		s/Q$//
+		1q
+	' >act &&
+	echo "HTTP/1.1 $3" >exp &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+}
+
+log_div() {
+	echo >>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
+	echo "###  $1" >>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
+	echo "###" >>"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log
+}
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t556x_common
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+
+###  refs/heads/master
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/refs/heads/master HTTP/1.1 404 -
+
+###  getanyfile default
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/HEAD HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/packs HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/alternates HTTP/1.1 200 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/http-alternates HTTP/1.1 200 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$LOOSE_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$PACK_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$IDX_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+
+###  no git-daemon-export-ok
+###
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/HEAD HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/info/refs HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/objects/info/packs HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/objects/info/alternates HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/objects/info/http-alternates HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/$LOOSE_URL HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/$PACK_URL HTTP/1.1 404 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/$IDX_URL HTTP/1.1 404 -
+
+###  git-daemon-export-ok
+###
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/HEAD HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/info/refs HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/objects/info/packs HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/objects/info/alternates HTTP/1.1 200 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/objects/info/http-alternates HTTP/1.1 200 -
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/$LOOSE_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/$PACK_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart_noexport/repo.git/$IDX_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+
+###  getanyfile true
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/HEAD HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/packs HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/alternates HTTP/1.1 200 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/http-alternates HTTP/1.1 200 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$LOOSE_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$PACK_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$IDX_URL HTTP/1.1 200
+
+###  getanyfile false
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/HEAD HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/packs HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/alternates HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/objects/info/http-alternates HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$LOOSE_URL HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$PACK_URL HTTP/1.1 403 -
+GET  /smart/repo.git/$IDX_URL HTTP/1.1 403 -
+
+###  uploadpack default
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200 -
+
+###  uploadpack true
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200 -
+
+###  uploadpack false
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 403 -
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 403 -
+
+###  receivepack default
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 403 -
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 403 -
+
+###  receivepack true
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 200 -
+
+###  receivepack false
+###
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 403 -
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.1 403 -
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'server request log matches test results' '
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t556x_common b/t/t556x_common
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be024e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t556x_common
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+find_file() {
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	find $1 -type f |
+	sed -e 1q
+}
+
+config() {
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" config $1 $2
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+
+	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 : >objects/info/alternates &&
+	 : >objects/info/http-alternates
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master &&
+
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git repack -a -d
+	) &&
+
+	echo other >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m two &&
+	git push public master:master &&
+
+	LOOSE_URL=$(find_file objects/??) &&
+	PACK_URL=$(find_file objects/pack/*.pack) &&
+	IDX_URL=$(find_file objects/pack/*.idx)
+'
+
+get_static_files() {
+	GET HEAD "$1" &&
+	GET info/refs "$1" &&
+	GET objects/info/packs "$1" &&
+	GET objects/info/alternates "$1" &&
+	GET objects/info/http-alternates "$1" &&
+	GET $LOOSE_URL "$1" &&
+	GET $PACK_URL "$1" &&
+	GET $IDX_URL "$1"
+}
+
+SMART=smart
+export GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1
+test_expect_success 'direct refs/heads/master not found' '
+	log_div "refs/heads/master"
+	GET refs/heads/master "404 Not Found"
+'
+test_expect_success 'static file is ok' '
+	log_div "getanyfile default"
+	get_static_files "200 OK"
+'
+SMART=smart_noexport
+unset GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+test_expect_success 'no export by default' '
+	log_div "no git-daemon-export-ok"
+	get_static_files "404 Not Found"
+'
+test_expect_success 'export if git-daemon-export-ok' '
+	log_div "git-daemon-export-ok"
+        (cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 touch git-daemon-export-ok
+	) &&
+        get_static_files "200 OK"
+'
+SMART=smart
+export GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1
+test_expect_success 'static file if http.getanyfile true is ok' '
+	log_div "getanyfile true"
+	config http.getanyfile true &&
+	get_static_files "200 OK"
+'
+test_expect_success 'static file if http.getanyfile false fails' '
+	log_div "getanyfile false"
+	config http.getanyfile false &&
+	get_static_files "403 Forbidden"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack default enabled' '
+	log_div "uploadpack default"
+	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "200 OK"  &&
+	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "200 OK"
+'
+test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack true' '
+	log_div "uploadpack true"
+	config http.uploadpack true &&
+	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "200 OK" &&
+	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "200 OK"
+'
+test_expect_success 'http.uploadpack false' '
+	log_div "uploadpack false"
+	config http.uploadpack false &&
+	GET info/refs?service=git-upload-pack "403 Forbidden" &&
+	POST git-upload-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http.receivepack default disabled' '
+	log_div "receivepack default"
+	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "403 Forbidden"  &&
+	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
+'
+test_expect_success 'http.receivepack true' '
+	log_div "receivepack true"
+	config http.receivepack true &&
+	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "200 OK" &&
+	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "200 OK"
+'
+test_expect_success 'http.receivepack false' '
+	log_div "receivepack false"
+	config http.receivepack false &&
+	GET info/refs?service=git-receive-pack "403 Forbidden" &&
+	POST git-receive-pack 0000 "403 Forbidden"
+'
diff --git a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee06d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Carl D. Worth <cworth@cworth.org>
+#
+
+test_description='test git clone to cleanup after failure
+
+This test covers the fact that if git clone fails, it should remove
+the directory it created, to avoid the user having to manually
+remove the directory before attempting a clone again.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clone of non-existent source should fail' \
+    'test_must_fail git clone foo bar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'failed clone should not leave a directory' \
+    '! test -d bar'
+
+# Need a repo to clone
+test_create_repo foo
+
+# clone doesn't like it if there is no HEAD. Is that a bug?
+(cd foo && touch file && git add file && git commit -m 'add file' >/dev/null 2>&1)
+
+# source repository given to git clone should be relative to the
+# current path not to the target dir
+test_expect_success \
+    'clone of non-existent (relative to $PWD) source should fail' \
+    'test_must_fail git clone ../foo baz'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clone should work now that source exists' \
+    'git clone foo bar'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'successful clone must leave the directory' \
+    'cd bar'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2147567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=clone
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	test_create_repo src &&
+	(
+		cd src
+		>file
+		git add file
+		git commit -m initial
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with excess parameters (1)' '
+
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	test_must_fail git clone -n src dst junk
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with excess parameters (2)' '
+
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	test_must_fail git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst junk
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'output from clone' '
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output &&
+	test $(grep Initialized output | wc -l) = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone does not keep pack' '
+
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst &&
+	! test -f dst/file &&
+	! (echo dst/.git/objects/pack/pack-* | grep "\.keep")
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone checks out files' '
+
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	git clone src dst &&
+	test -f dst/file
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone respects GIT_WORK_TREE' '
+
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=worktree git clone src bare &&
+	test -f bare/config &&
+	test -f worktree/file
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone creates intermediate directories' '
+
+	git clone src long/path/to/dst &&
+	test -f long/path/to/dst/file
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone creates intermediate directories for bare repo' '
+
+	git clone --bare src long/path/to/bare/dst &&
+	test -f long/path/to/bare/dst/config
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --mirror' '
+
+	git clone --mirror src mirror &&
+	test -f mirror/HEAD &&
+	test ! -f mirror/file &&
+	FETCH="$(cd mirror && git config remote.origin.fetch)" &&
+	test "+refs/*:refs/*" = "$FETCH" &&
+	MIRROR="$(cd mirror && git config --bool remote.origin.mirror)" &&
+	test "$MIRROR" = true
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --bare names the local repository <name>.git' '
+
+	git clone --bare src &&
+	test -d src.git
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --mirror does not repeat tags' '
+
+	(cd src &&
+	 git tag some-tag HEAD) &&
+	git clone --mirror src mirror2 &&
+	(cd mirror2 &&
+	 git show-ref 2> clone.err > clone.out) &&
+	test_must_fail grep Duplicate mirror2/clone.err &&
+	grep some-tag mirror2/clone.out
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to destination with trailing /' '
+
+	git clone src target-1/ &&
+	T=$( cd target-1 && git rev-parse HEAD ) &&
+	S=$( cd src && git rev-parse HEAD ) &&
+	test "$T" = "$S"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to destination with extra trailing /' '
+
+	git clone src target-2/// &&
+	T=$( cd target-2 && git rev-parse HEAD ) &&
+	S=$( cd src && git rev-parse HEAD ) &&
+	test "$T" = "$S"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to an existing empty directory' '
+	mkdir target-3 &&
+	git clone src target-3 &&
+	T=$( cd target-3 && git rev-parse HEAD ) &&
+	S=$( cd src && git rev-parse HEAD ) &&
+	test "$T" = "$S"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to an existing non-empty directory' '
+	mkdir target-4 &&
+	>target-4/Fakefile &&
+	test_must_fail git clone src target-4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to an existing path' '
+	>target-5 &&
+	test_must_fail git clone src target-5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone a void' '
+	mkdir src-0 &&
+	(
+		cd src-0 && git init
+	) &&
+	git clone "file://$(pwd)/src-0" target-6 2>err-6 &&
+	! grep "fatal:" err-6 &&
+	(
+		cd src-0 && test_commit A
+	) &&
+	git clone "file://$(pwd)/src-0" target-7 2>err-7 &&
+	! grep "fatal:" err-7 &&
+	# There is no reason to insist they are bit-for-bit
+	# identical, but this test should suffice for now.
+	test_cmp target-6/.git/config target-7/.git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone respects global branch.autosetuprebase' '
+	(
+		HOME=$(pwd) &&
+		export HOME &&
+		test_config="$HOME/.gitconfig" &&
+		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		git config -f "$test_config" branch.autosetuprebase remote &&
+		rm -fr dst &&
+		git clone src dst &&
+		cd dst &&
+		actual="z$(git config branch.master.rebase)" &&
+		test ztrue = $actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..deffdae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=clone
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo "#!/bin/sh" > not_ssh
+	echo "echo \"\$*\" > not_ssh_output" >> not_ssh
+	echo "exit 1" >> not_ssh
+	chmod +x not_ssh
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone calls git upload-pack unqualified with no -u option' '
+	GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk
+	echo "localhost git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected
+	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone calls specified git upload-pack with -u option' '
+	GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk
+	echo "localhost ./something/bin/git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected
+	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1c10916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
+#
+
+test_description='test clone --reference'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+base_dir=`pwd`
+
+U=$base_dir/UPLOAD_LOG
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing first repository' \
+'test_create_repo A && cd A &&
+echo first > file1 &&
+git add file1 &&
+git commit -m initial'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing second repository' \
+'git clone A B && cd B &&
+echo second > file2 &&
+git add file2 &&
+git commit -m addition &&
+git repack -a -d &&
+git prune'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (-l -s)' \
+'git clone -l -s --reference B A C'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' \
+'test `wc -l <C/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 2'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from reference' \
+'cd C &&
+git pull ../B master'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'that reference gets used' \
+'cd C &&
+echo "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" > expected &&
+git count-objects > current &&
+diff expected current'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+rm -f "$U"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' \
+'GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D 3>"$U"'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' \
+'! grep "^want" "$U"'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' \
+'test `wc -l <D/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from reference' \
+'cd D && git pull ../B master'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'that reference gets used' \
+'cd D && echo "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" > expected &&
+git count-objects > current &&
+diff expected current'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'updating origin' \
+'cd A &&
+echo third > file3 &&
+git add file3 &&
+git commit -m update &&
+git repack -a -d &&
+git prune'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling changes from origin' \
+'cd C &&
+git pull origin'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+# the 2 local objects are commit and tree from the merge
+test_expect_success 'that alternate to origin gets used' \
+'cd C &&
+echo "2 objects" > expected &&
+git count-objects | cut -d, -f1 > current &&
+diff expected current'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling changes from origin' \
+'cd D &&
+git pull origin'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+# the 5 local objects are expected; file3 blob, commit in A to add it
+# and its tree, and 2 are our tree and the merge commit.
+test_expect_success 'check objects expected to exist locally' \
+'cd D &&
+echo "5 objects" > expected &&
+git count-objects | cut -d, -f1 > current &&
+diff expected current'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing alternate repository #1' \
+'test_create_repo F && cd F &&
+echo first > file1 &&
+git add file1 &&
+git commit -m initial'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning alternate repo #2 and adding changes to repo #1' \
+'git clone F G && cd F &&
+echo second > file2 &&
+git add file2 &&
+git commit -m addition'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning alternate repo #1, using #2 as reference' \
+'git clone --reference G F H'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference being subset of source (-l -s)' \
+'git clone -l -s --reference A B E'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b4c356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test local clone'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing origin repository' '
+	: >file && git add . && git commit -m1 &&
+	git clone --bare . a.git &&
+	git clone --bare . x &&
+	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=a.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
+	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=x/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true
+	git bundle create b1.bundle --all &&
+	git bundle create b2.bundle master &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	cp b1.bundle dir/b3
+	cp b1.bundle b4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local clone without .git suffix' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone -l -s a b &&
+	cd b &&
+	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = false &&
+	git fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local clone with .git suffix' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone -l -s a.git c &&
+	cd c &&
+	git fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local clone from x' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone -l -s x y &&
+	cd y &&
+	git fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local clone from x.git that does not exist' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	if git clone -l -s x.git z
+	then
+		echo "Oops, should have failed"
+		false
+	else
+		echo happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'With -no-hardlinks, local will make a copy' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone --bare --no-hardlinks x w &&
+	cd w &&
+	linked=$(find objects -type f ! -links 1 | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $linked
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Even without -l, local will make a hardlink' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	rm -fr w &&
+	git clone -l --bare x w &&
+	cd w &&
+	copied=$(find objects -type f -links 1 | wc -l) &&
+	test 0 = $copied
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local clone of repo with nonexistent ref in HEAD' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	echo "ref: refs/heads/nonexistent" > a.git/HEAD &&
+	git clone a d &&
+	cd d &&
+	git fetch &&
+	test ! -e .git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle clone without .bundle suffix' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone dir/b3 &&
+	cd b3 &&
+	git fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle clone with .bundle suffix' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone b1.bundle &&
+	cd b1 &&
+	git fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle clone from b4' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone b4 bdl &&
+	cd bdl &&
+	git fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle clone from b4.bundle that does not exist' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	if git clone b4.bundle bb
+	then
+		echo "Oops, should have failed"
+		false
+	else
+		echo happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bundle clone with nonexistent HEAD' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone b2.bundle b2 &&
+	cd b2 &&
+	git fetch
+	test ! -e .git/refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone empty repository' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	mkdir empty &&
+	(cd empty &&
+	 git init &&
+	 git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn) &&
+	git clone empty empty-clone &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(cd empty-clone
+	 echo "content" >> foo &&
+	 git add foo &&
+	 git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	 git push origin master &&
+	 expected=$(git rev-parse master) &&
+	 actual=$(git --git-dir=../empty/.git rev-parse master) &&
+	 test $actual = $expected)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone empty repository, and then push should not segfault.' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	rm -fr empty/ empty-clone/ &&
+	mkdir empty &&
+	(cd empty && git init) &&
+	git clone empty empty-clone &&
+	(cd empty-clone &&
+	test_must_fail git push)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..02cb024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic clone options'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir parent &&
+	(cd parent && git init &&
+	 echo one >file && git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone -o' '
+
+	git clone -o foo parent clone-o &&
+	(cd clone-o && git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/foo/master)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone' '
+
+	git clone "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected >out 2>err &&
+	test ! -s err
+
+'
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v' '
+
+	git clone --progress "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected-progress \
+		>out 2>err &&
+	test -s err
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5704-bundle.sh b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a8f4419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='some bundle related tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	: > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -m tag tag &&
+	: > file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	: > file3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	git add file3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tags can be excluded by rev-list options' '
+
+	git bundle create bundle --all --since=7.Apr.2005.15:16:00.-0700 &&
+	git ls-remote bundle > output &&
+	! grep tag output
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh b/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..adfaae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test cloning a repository larger than 2 gigabyte'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test -z "$GIT_TEST_CLONE_2GB" &&
+say "Skipping expensive 2GB clone test; enable it with GIT_TEST_CLONE_2GB=t" &&
+test_done &&
+exit
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	git config pack.compression 0 &&
+	git config pack.depth 0 &&
+	blobsize=$((20*1024*1024)) &&
+	blobcount=$((2*1024*1024*1024/$blobsize+1)) &&
+	i=1 &&
+	(while test $i -le $blobcount
+	 do
+		printf "Generating blob $i/$blobcount\r" >&2 &&
+		printf "blob\nmark :$i\ndata $blobsize\n" &&
+		#test-genrandom $i $blobsize &&
+		printf "%-${blobsize}s" $i &&
+		echo "M 100644 :$i $i" >> commit
+		i=$(($i+1)) ||
+		echo $? > exit-status
+	 done &&
+	 echo "commit refs/heads/master" &&
+	 echo "author A U Thor <author@email.com> 123456789 +0000" &&
+	 echo "committer C O Mitter <committer@email.com> 123456789 +0000" &&
+	 echo "data 5" &&
+	 echo ">2gb" &&
+	 cat commit) |
+	git fast-import --big-file-threshold=2 &&
+	test ! -f exit-status
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone' '
+
+	git clone --bare --no-hardlinks . clone
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh b/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f3f9a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='clone --branch option'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_HEAD() {
+	echo refs/heads/"$1" >expect &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+check_file() {
+	echo "$1" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir parent &&
+	(cd parent && git init &&
+	 echo one >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
+	 git checkout -b two &&
+	 echo two >file && git add file && git commit -m two &&
+	 git checkout master)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla clone chooses HEAD' '
+	git clone parent clone &&
+	(cd clone &&
+	 check_HEAD master &&
+	 check_file one
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone -b chooses specified branch' '
+	git clone -b two parent clone-two &&
+	(cd clone-two &&
+	 check_HEAD two &&
+	 check_file two
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone -b sets up tracking' '
+	(cd clone-two &&
+	 echo origin >expect &&
+	 git config branch.two.remote >actual &&
+	 echo refs/heads/two >>expect &&
+	 git config branch.two.merge >>actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone -b does not munge remotes/origin/HEAD' '
+	(cd clone-two &&
+	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone -b with bogus branch chooses HEAD' '
+	git clone -b bogus parent clone-bogus &&
+	(cd clone-bogus &&
+	 check_HEAD master &&
+	 check_file one
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ef7127c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
+#
+
+test_description='test transitive info/alternate entries'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# test that a file is not reachable in the current repository
+# but that it is after creating a info/alternate entry
+reachable_via() {
+	alternate="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	if git cat-file -e "HEAD:$file"; then return 1; fi
+	echo "$alternate" >> .git/objects/info/alternate
+	git cat-file -e "HEAD:$file"
+}
+
+test_valid_repo() {
+	git fsck --full > fsck.log &&
+	test `wc -l < fsck.log` = 0
+}
+
+base_dir=`pwd`
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing first repository' \
+'test_create_repo A && cd A &&
+echo "Hello World" > file1 &&
+git add file1 &&
+git commit -m "Initial commit" file1 &&
+git repack -a -d &&
+git prune'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing second repository' \
+'git clone -l -s A B && cd B &&
+echo "foo bar" > file2 &&
+git add file2 &&
+git commit -m "next commit" file2 &&
+git repack -a -d -l &&
+git prune'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing third repository' \
+'git clone -l -s B C && cd C &&
+echo "Goodbye, cruel world" > file3 &&
+git add file3 &&
+git commit -m "one more" file3 &&
+git repack -a -d -l &&
+git prune'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'creating too deep nesting' \
+'git clone -l -s C D &&
+git clone -l -s D E &&
+git clone -l -s E F &&
+git clone -l -s F G &&
+git clone -l -s G H'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalidity of deepest repository' \
+'cd H && {
+	test_valid_repo
+	test $? -ne 0
+}'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'validity of third repository' \
+'cd C &&
+test_valid_repo'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'validity of fourth repository' \
+'cd D &&
+test_valid_repo'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'breaking of loops' \
+'echo "$base_dir"/B/.git/objects >> "$base_dir"/A/.git/objects/info/alternates&&
+cd C &&
+test_valid_repo'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'that info/alternates is necessary' \
+'cd C &&
+rm -f .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+! (test_valid_repo)'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'that relative alternate is possible for current dir' \
+'cd C &&
+echo "../../../B/.git/objects" > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+test_valid_repo'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'that relative alternate is only possible for current dir' '
+    cd D &&
+    ! (test_valid_repo)
+'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6000lib.sh b/t/t6000lib.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f55627b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6000lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+[ -d .git/refs/tags ] || mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
+
+:> sed.script
+
+# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git or .git/refs/tags
+tag()
+{
+	_tag=$1
+	[ -f .git/refs/tags/$_tag ] || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
+	cat .git/refs/tags/$_tag
+}
+
+# Generate a commit using the text specified to make it unique and the tree
+# named by the tag specified.
+unique_commit()
+{
+	_text=$1
+        _tree=$2
+	shift 2
+	echo $_text | git commit-tree $(tag $_tree) "$@"
+}
+
+# Save the output of a command into the tag specified. Prepend
+# a substitution script for the tag onto the front of sed.script
+save_tag()
+{
+	_tag=$1
+	[ -n "$_tag" ] || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
+	shift 1
+	"$@" >.git/refs/tags/$_tag
+
+        echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" > sed.script.tmp
+	cat sed.script >> sed.script.tmp
+	rm sed.script
+	mv sed.script.tmp sed.script
+}
+
+# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashses with their symbolic equivalents
+entag()
+{
+	sed -f sed.script
+}
+
+# Execute a command after first saving, then setting the GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+# tag to a specified value. Restore the original value on return.
+as_author()
+{
+	_author=$1
+	shift 1
+        _save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$_author"
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	"$@"
+	if test -z "$_save"
+	then
+		unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	else
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$_save"
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	fi
+}
+
+commit_date()
+{
+        _commit=$1
+	git cat-file commit $_commit | sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
+}
+
+on_committer_date()
+{
+    _date=$1
+    shift 1
+    GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$_date"
+    export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+    "$@"
+    unset GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+}
+
+# Execute a command and suppress any error output.
+hide_error()
+{
+	"$@" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+check_output()
+{
+	_name=$1
+	shift 1
+	if eval "$*" | entag > $_name.actual
+	then
+		diff $_name.expected $_name.actual
+	else
+		return 1;
+	fi
+}
+
+# Turn a reasonable test description into a reasonable test name.
+# All alphanums translated into -'s which are then compressed and stripped
+# from front and back.
+name_from_description()
+{
+	perl -pe '
+		s/[^A-Za-z0-9.]/-/g;
+		s/-+/-/g;
+		s/-$//;
+		s/^-//;
+		y/A-Z/a-z/;
+	'
+}
+
+
+# Execute the test described by the first argument, by eval'ing
+# command line specified in the 2nd argument. Check the status code
+# is zero and that the output matches the stream read from
+# stdin.
+test_output_expect_success()
+{
+	_description=$1
+        _test=$2
+        [ $# -eq 2 ] || error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
+        _name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
+	cat > $_name.expected
+	test_expect_success "$_description" "check_output $_name \"$_test\""
+}
diff --git a/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh b/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b2131cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6001-rev-list-graft.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Revision traversal vs grafts and path limiter'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo >fileA fileA &&
+	echo >subdir/fileB fileB &&
+	git add fileA subdir/fileB &&
+	git commit -a -m "Initial in one history." &&
+	A0=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+
+	echo >fileA fileA modified &&
+	git commit -a -m "Second in one history." &&
+	A1=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+
+	echo >subdir/fileB fileB modified &&
+	git commit -a -m "Third in one history." &&
+	A2=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+
+	rm -f .git/refs/heads/master .git/index &&
+
+	echo >fileA fileA again &&
+	echo >subdir/fileB fileB again &&
+	git add fileA subdir/fileB &&
+	git commit -a -m "Initial in alternate history." &&
+	B0=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+
+	echo >fileA fileA modified in alternate history &&
+	git commit -a -m "Second in alternate history." &&
+	B1=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+
+	echo >subdir/fileB fileB modified in alternate history &&
+	git commit -a -m "Third in alternate history." &&
+	B2=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	: done
+'
+
+check () {
+	type=$1
+	shift
+
+	arg=
+	which=arg
+	rm -f test.expect
+	for a
+	do
+		if test "z$a" = z--
+		then
+			which=expect
+			child=
+			continue
+		fi
+		if test "$which" = arg
+		then
+			arg="$arg$a "
+			continue
+		fi
+		if test "$type" = basic
+		then
+			echo "$a"
+		else
+			if test "z$child" != z
+			then
+				echo "$child $a"
+			fi
+			child="$a"
+		fi
+	done >test.expect
+	if test "$type" != basic && test "z$child" != z
+	then
+		echo >>test.expect $child
+	fi
+	if test $type = basic
+	then
+		git rev-list $arg >test.actual
+	elif test $type = parents
+	then
+		git rev-list --parents $arg >test.actual
+	elif test $type = parents-raw
+	then
+		git rev-list --parents --pretty=raw $arg |
+		sed -n -e 's/^commit //p' >test.actual
+	fi
+	diff test.expect test.actual
+}
+
+for type in basic parents parents-raw
+do
+	test_expect_success 'without grafts' "
+		rm -f .git/info/grafts
+		check $type $B2 -- $B2 $B1 $B0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success 'with grafts' "
+		echo '$B0 $A2' >.git/info/grafts
+		check $type $B2 -- $B2 $B1 $B0 $A2 $A1 $A0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success 'without grafts, with pathlimit' "
+		rm -f .git/info/grafts
+		check $type $B2 subdir -- $B2 $B0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success 'with grafts, with pathlimit' "
+		echo '$B0 $A2' >.git/info/grafts
+		check $type $B2 subdir -- $B2 $B0 $A2 $A0
+	"
+
+done
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b4e8fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Jon Seymour
+#
+test_description='Tests git rev-list --bisect functionality'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t6000lib.sh # t6xxx specific functions
+
+# usage: test_bisection max-diff bisect-option head ^prune...
+#
+# e.g. test_bisection 1 --bisect l1 ^l0
+#
+test_bisection_diff()
+{
+	_max_diff=$1
+	_bisect_option=$2
+	shift 2
+	_bisection=$(git rev-list $_bisect_option "$@")
+	_list_size=$(git rev-list "$@" | wc -l)
+        _head=$1
+	shift 1
+	_bisection_size=$(git rev-list $_bisection "$@" | wc -l)
+	[ -n "$_list_size" -a -n "$_bisection_size" ] ||
+	error "test_bisection_diff failed"
+
+	# Test if bisection size is close to half of list size within
+	# tolerance.
+	#
+	_bisect_err=`expr $_list_size - $_bisection_size \* 2`
+	test "$_bisect_err" -lt 0 && _bisect_err=`expr 0 - $_bisect_err`
+	_bisect_err=`expr $_bisect_err / 2` ; # floor
+
+	test_expect_success \
+	"bisection diff $_bisect_option $_head $* <= $_max_diff" \
+	'test $_bisect_err -le $_max_diff'
+}
+
+date >path0
+git update-index --add path0
+save_tag tree git write-tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
+
+
+#     E
+#    / \
+#   e1  |
+#   |   |
+#   e2  |
+#   |   |
+#   e3  |
+#   |   |
+#   e4  |
+#   |   |
+#   |   f1
+#   |   |
+#   |   f2
+#   |   |
+#   |   f3
+#   |   |
+#   |   f4
+#   |   |
+#   e5  |
+#   |   |
+#   e6  |
+#   |   |
+#   e7  |
+#   |   |
+#   e8  |
+#    \ /
+#     F
+
+
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
+
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
+
+test_sequence()
+{
+	_bisect_option=$1
+
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option l0 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option l1 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option l2 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option a0 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option a1 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option a2 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option a3 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option b1 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option b2 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option b3 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option c1 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option c2 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option c3 ^root
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option E ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e1 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e2 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e3 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e4 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e5 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e6 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option e7 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option f1 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option f2 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option f3 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option f4 ^F
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option E ^F
+
+	test_bisection_diff 1 $_bisect_option V ^U
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option V ^U ^u1 ^u2 ^u3
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option u1 ^U
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option u2 ^U
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option u3 ^U
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option u4 ^U
+	test_bisection_diff 0 $_bisect_option u5 ^U
+
+#
+# the following illustrates Linus' binary bug blatt idea.
+#
+# assume the bug is actually at l3, but you don't know that - all you know is that l3 is broken
+# and it wasn't broken before
+#
+# keep bisecting the list, advancing the "bad" head and accumulating "good" heads until
+# the bisection point is the head - this is the bad point.
+#
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l5 ^root" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l5 ^root' <<EOF
+c3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l5 ^root ^c3" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l5 ^root ^c3' <<EOF
+b4
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l5 ^root ^c3 ^b4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l5 ^c3 ^b4' <<EOF
+l3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l3 ^root ^c3 ^b4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l3 ^root ^c3 ^b4' <<EOF
+a4
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l5 ^b3 ^a3 ^b4 ^a4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l3 ^b3 ^a3 ^a4' <<EOF
+l3
+EOF
+
+#
+# if l3 is bad, then l4 is bad too - so advance the bad pointer by making b4 the known bad head
+#
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b ^a4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l4 ^a2 ^a3 ^a4' <<EOF
+l3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option l3 ^a2 ^a3 ^b ^a4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option l3 ^a2 ^a3 ^a4' <<EOF
+l3
+EOF
+
+# found!
+
+#
+# as another example, let's consider a4 to be the bad head, in which case
+#
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4' <<EOF
+c2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4 ^c2" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4 ^c2' <<EOF
+c3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4 ^c2 ^c3" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4 ^c2 ^c3' <<EOF
+a4
+EOF
+
+# found!
+
+#
+# or consider c3 to be the bad head
+#
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option a4 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4' <<EOF
+c2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "$_bisect_option c3 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4 ^c2" 'git rev-list $_bisect_option c3 ^a2 ^a3 ^b4 ^c2' <<EOF
+c3
+EOF
+
+# found!
+
+}
+
+test_sequence "--bisect"
+
+#
+#
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2c73f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Jon Seymour
+#
+
+test_description='Tests git rev-list --topo-order functionality'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t6000lib.sh # t6xxx specific functions
+
+list_duplicates()
+{
+    "$@" | sort | uniq -d
+}
+
+date >path0
+git update-index --add path0
+save_tag tree git write-tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
+on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
+
+
+#
+# note: as of 20/6, it isn't possible to create duplicate parents, so this
+# can't be tested.
+#
+#on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m3 unique_commit m3 tree -p c3 -p a4 -p c3
+hide_error save_tag e1 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e1 tree
+save_tag e2 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e2 tree -p e1
+save_tag f1 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f1 tree -p e1
+save_tag e3 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e3 tree -p e2
+save_tag f2 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f2 tree -p f1
+save_tag e4 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e4 tree -p e3 -p f2
+save_tag e5 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e5 tree -p e4
+save_tag f3 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f3 tree -p f2
+save_tag f4 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f4 tree -p f3
+save_tag e6 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e6 tree -p e5 -p f4
+save_tag f5 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f5 tree -p f4
+save_tag f6 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f6 tree -p f5 -p e6
+save_tag e7 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e7 tree -p e6
+save_tag e8 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e8 tree -p e7
+save_tag e9 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e9 tree -p e8
+save_tag f7 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f7 tree -p f6
+save_tag f8 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f8 tree -p f7
+save_tag f9 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f9 tree -p f8
+save_tag e10 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e1 tree -p e9 -p f8
+
+hide_error save_tag g0 unique_commit g0 tree
+save_tag g1 unique_commit g1 tree -p g0
+save_tag h1 unique_commit g2 tree -p g0
+save_tag g2 unique_commit g3 tree -p g1 -p h1
+save_tag h2 unique_commit g4 tree -p g2
+save_tag g3 unique_commit g5 tree -p g2
+save_tag g4 unique_commit g6 tree -p g3 -p h2
+
+git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
+
+test_output_expect_success 'rev-list has correct number of entries' 'git rev-list HEAD | wc -l | tr -d \" \"' <<EOF
+19
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple topo order' 'git rev-list --topo-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'two diamonds topo order (g6)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  g4' <<EOF
+g4
+h2
+g3
+g2
+h1
+g1
+g0
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'multiple heads' 'git rev-list --topo-order a3 b3 c3' <<EOF
+a3
+a2
+a1
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'multiple heads, prune at a1' 'git rev-list --topo-order a3 b3 c3 ^a1' <<EOF
+a3
+a2
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'multiple heads, prune at l1' 'git rev-list --topo-order a3 b3 c3 ^l1' <<EOF
+a3
+a2
+a1
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'cross-epoch, head at l5, prune at l1' 'git rev-list --topo-order l5 ^l1' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'duplicated head arguments' 'git rev-list --topo-order l5 l5 ^l1' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'prune near topo' 'git rev-list --topo-order a4 ^c3' <<EOF
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "head has no parent" 'git rev-list --topo-order  root' <<EOF
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "two nodes - one head, one base" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l0' <<EOF
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "three nodes one head, one internal, one base" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l1' <<EOF
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "linear prune l2 ^root" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l2 ^root' <<EOF
+l2
+l1
+l0
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "linear prune l2 ^l0" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l2 ^l0' <<EOF
+l2
+l1
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "linear prune l2 ^l1" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l2 ^l1' <<EOF
+l2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "linear prune l5 ^a4" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l5 ^a4' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "linear prune l5 ^l3" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l5 ^l3' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "linear prune l5 ^l4" 'git rev-list --topo-order  l5 ^l4' <<EOF
+l5
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "max-count 10 - topo order" 'git rev-list --topo-order  --max-count=10 l5' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "max-count 10 - non topo order" 'git rev-list --max-count=10 l5' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+c3
+c2
+b3
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success '--max-age=c3, no --topo-order' "git rev-list --max-age=$(commit_date c3) l5" <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+c3
+EOF
+
+#
+# this test fails on --topo-order - a fix is required
+#
+#test_output_expect_success '--max-age=c3, --topo-order' "git rev-list --topo-order --max-age=$(commit_date c3) l5" <<EOF
+#l5
+#l4
+#l3
+#a4
+#c3
+#b4
+#a3
+#a2
+#EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'one specified head reachable from another a4, c3, --topo-order' "list_duplicates git rev-list --topo-order a4 c3" <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'one specified head reachable from another c3, a4, --topo-order' "list_duplicates git rev-list --topo-order c3 a4" <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'one specified head reachable from another a4, c3, no --topo-order' "list_duplicates git rev-list a4 c3" <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'one specified head reachable from another c3, a4, no --topo-order' "list_duplicates git rev-list c3 a4" <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'graph with c3 and a4 parents of head' "list_duplicates git rev-list m1" <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'graph with a4 and c3 parents of head' "list_duplicates git rev-list m2" <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "head ^head --topo-order" 'git rev-list --topo-order  a3 ^a3' <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "head ^head no --topo-order" 'git rev-list a3 ^a3' <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple topo order (l5r1)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  l5r1' <<EOF
+l5r1
+r1
+r0
+alt_root
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple topo order (r1l5)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  r1l5' <<EOF
+r1l5
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+r1
+r0
+alt_root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "don't print things unreachable from one branch" "git rev-list a3 ^b3 --topo-order" <<EOF
+a3
+a2
+a1
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success "--topo-order a4 l3" "git rev-list --topo-order a4 l3" <<EOF
+l3
+a4
+c3
+c2
+c1
+b4
+a3
+a2
+a1
+b3
+b2
+b1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+#
+#
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6004-rev-list-path-optim.sh b/t/t6004-rev-list-path-optim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5dabf1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6004-rev-list-path-optim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rev-list trivial path optimization test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+echo Hello > a &&
+git add a &&
+git commit -m "Initial commit" a &&
+initial=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success path-optimization '
+    commit=$(echo "Unchanged tree" | git commit-tree "HEAD^{tree}" -p HEAD) &&
+    test $(git rev-list $commit | wc -l) = 2 &&
+    test $(git rev-list $commit -- . | wc -l) = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'further setup' '
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	echo Irrelevant >c &&
+	git add c &&
+	git commit -m "Side makes an irrelevant commit" &&
+	echo "More Irrelevancy" >c &&
+	git add c &&
+	git commit -m "Side makes another irrelevant commit" &&
+	echo Bye >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "Side touches a" &&
+	side=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	echo "Yet more Irrelevancy" >c &&
+	git add c &&
+	git commit -m "Side makes yet another irrelevant commit" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo Another >b &&
+	git add b &&
+	git commit -m "Master touches b" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	echo Touched >b &&
+	git add b &&
+	git commit -m "Master touches b again"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'path optimization 2' '
+	( echo "$side"; echo "$initial" ) >expected &&
+	git rev-list HEAD -- a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6005-rev-list-count.sh b/t/t6005-rev-list-count.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0b64822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6005-rev-list-count.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rev-list --max-count and --skip test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    for n in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do \
+        echo $n > a ; \
+        git add a ; \
+        git commit -m "$n" ; \
+    done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no options' '
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD | wc -l) = 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--max-count' '
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --max-count=0 | wc -l) = 0 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --max-count=3 | wc -l) = 3 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --max-count=5 | wc -l) = 5 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --max-count=10 | wc -l) = 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--max-count all forms' '
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --max-count=1 | wc -l) = 1 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD -1 | wc -l) = 1 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD -n1 | wc -l) = 1 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD -n 1 | wc -l) = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--skip' '
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=0 | wc -l) = 5 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=3 | wc -l) = 2 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=5 | wc -l) = 0 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=10 | wc -l) = 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--skip --max-count' '
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=0 --max-count=0 | wc -l) = 0 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=0 --max-count=10 | wc -l) = 5 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=3 --max-count=0 | wc -l) = 0 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=3 --max-count=1 | wc -l) = 1 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=3 --max-count=2 | wc -l) = 2 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=3 --max-count=10 | wc -l) = 2 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=5 --max-count=10 | wc -l) = 0 &&
+    test $(git rev-list HEAD --skip=10 --max-count=10 | wc -l) = 0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b0047d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rev-list --pretty=format test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_tick
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+touch foo && git add foo && git commit -m "added foo" &&
+  echo changed >foo && git commit -a -m "changed foo"
+'
+
+# usage: test_format name format_string <expected_output
+test_format() {
+	cat >expect.$1
+	test_expect_success "format $1" "
+git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
+test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
+"
+}
+
+test_format percent %%h <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+%h
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+%h
+EOF
+
+test_format hash %H%n%h <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+131a310
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+86c75cf
+EOF
+
+test_format tree %T%n%t <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+fe722612f26da5064c32ca3843aa154bdb0b08a0
+fe72261
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+4d5fcadc293a348e88f777dc0920f11e7d71441c
+4d5fcad
+EOF
+
+test_format parents %P%n%p <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+86c75cf
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+
+
+EOF
+
+# we don't test relative here
+test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+A U Thor
+author@example.com
+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
+Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
+1112911993
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+A U Thor
+author@example.com
+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
+Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
+1112911993
+EOF
+
+test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+C O Mitter
+committer@example.com
+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
+Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
+1112911993
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+C O Mitter
+committer@example.com
+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
+Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
+1112911993
+EOF
+
+test_format encoding %e <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+EOF
+
+test_format subject %s <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+changed foo
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+added foo
+EOF
+
+test_format body %b <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+EOF
+
+test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+foobarbazxyzzy
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+foobarbazxyzzy
+EOF
+
+test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<'EOF'
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+foo
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+foo
+EOF
+
+cat >commit-msg <<'EOF'
+Test printing of complex bodies
+
+This commit message is much longer than the others,
+and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
+include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
+git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
+  echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg
+'
+
+test_format complex-encoding %e <<'EOF'
+commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+iso8859-1
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject %s <<'EOF'
+commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+Test printing of complex bodies
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+changed foo
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+added foo
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-body %b <<'EOF'
+commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+This commit message is much longer than the others,
+and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
+include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+
+commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '%ad respects --date=' '
+	echo 2005-04-07 >expect.ad-short &&
+	git log -1 --date=short --pretty=tformat:%ad >output.ad-short master &&
+	test_cmp expect.ad-short output.ad-short
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty email' '
+	test_tick &&
+	C=$(GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL= git commit-tree HEAD^{tree} </dev/null) &&
+	A=$(git show --pretty=format:%an,%ae,%ad%n -s $C) &&
+	test "$A" = "A U Thor,,Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700" || {
+		echo "Eh? $A" >failure
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'del LF before empty (1)' '
+	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%n%-b%nThanks%n" HEAD^^ >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'del LF before empty (2)' '
+	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%n%-b%nThanks%n" HEAD >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 6 &&
+	grep "^$" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (1)' '
+	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%+b%nThanks%n" HEAD^^ >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (2)' '
+	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%+b%nThanks%n" HEAD >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 6 &&
+	grep "^$" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"%h %gD: %gs" is same as git-reflog' '
+	git reflog >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%h %gD: %gs" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"%h %gD: %gs" is same as git-reflog (with date)' '
+	git reflog --date=raw >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%h %gD: %gs" --date=raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%gd shortens ref name' '
+	echo "master@{0}" >expect.gd-short &&
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd refs/heads/master >actual.gd-short &&
+	test_cmp expect.gd-short actual.gd-short
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6007-rev-list-cherry-pick-file.sh b/t/t6007-rev-list-cherry-pick-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4b8611c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6007-rev-list-cherry-pick-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test git rev-list --cherry-pick -- file'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# A---B
+#  \
+#   \
+#    C
+#
+# B changes a file foo.c, adding a line of text.  C changes foo.c as
+# well as bar.c, but the change in foo.c was identical to change B.
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo Hallo > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "A" &&
+	git tag A &&
+	git checkout -b branch &&
+	echo Bello > foo &&
+	echo Cello > bar &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "C" &&
+	git tag C &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout branch foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "B" &&
+	git tag B
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cherry-pick foo comes up empty' '
+	test -z "$(git rev-list --left-right --cherry-pick B...C -- foo)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cherry-pick bar does not come up empty' '
+	! test -z "$(git rev-list --left-right --cherry-pick B...C -- bar)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cherry-pick with independent, but identical branches' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/independent &&
+	rm .git/index &&
+	echo Hallo > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "independent" &&
+	echo Bello > foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "independent, too" foo &&
+	test -z "$(git rev-list --left-right --cherry-pick \
+		HEAD...master -- foo)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh b/t/t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4af9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6008-rev-list-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='git rev-list involving submodules that this repo has'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	: > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo 1 > file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second file &&
+	echo 2 > file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third file &&
+
+	rm .git/index &&
+
+	: > super-file &&
+	git add super-file &&
+	git submodule add "$(pwd)" sub &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/super &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m super-initial &&
+	echo 1 > super-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m super-first super-file &&
+	echo 2 > super-file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m super-second super-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success "Ilari's test" '
+	git rev-list --objects super master ^super^
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c8a96a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='properly cull all ancestors'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	echo $1 >file &&
+	git commit -a -m $1 &&
+	git tag $1
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	touch file &&
+	git add file &&
+
+	commit one &&
+
+	test_tick=$(($test_tick - 2400))
+
+	commit two &&
+	commit three &&
+	commit four &&
+
+	git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'one is ancestor of others and should not be shown' '
+
+	git rev-list one --not four >result &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0144d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='Merge base computation.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+T=$(git write-tree)
+
+M=1130000000
+Z=+0000
+
+GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=git@comm.iter.xz
+GIT_COMMITTER_NAME='C O Mmiter'
+GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=git@au.thor.xz
+export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+
+doit() {
+	OFFSET=$1; shift
+	NAME=$1; shift
+	PARENTS=
+	for P
+	do
+		PARENTS="${PARENTS}-p $P "
+	done
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$(($M + $OFFSET)) $Z"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	commit=$(echo $NAME | git commit-tree $T $PARENTS)
+	echo $commit >.git/refs/tags/$NAME
+	echo $commit
+}
+
+#  E---D---C---B---A
+#  \'-_         \   \
+#   \  `---------G   \
+#    \                \
+#     F----------------H
+
+# Setup...
+E=$(doit 5 E)
+D=$(doit 4 D $E)
+F=$(doit 6 F $E)
+C=$(doit 3 C $D)
+B=$(doit 2 B $C)
+A=$(doit 1 A $B)
+G=$(doit 7 G $B $E)
+H=$(doit 8 H $A $F)
+
+test_expect_success 'compute merge-base (single)' \
+    'MB=$(git merge-base G H) &&
+     expr "$(git name-rev "$MB")" : "[0-9a-f]* tags/B"'
+
+test_expect_success 'compute merge-base (all)' \
+    'MB=$(git merge-base --all G H) &&
+     expr "$(git name-rev "$MB")" : "[0-9a-f]* tags/B"'
+
+test_expect_success 'compute merge-base with show-branch' \
+    'MB=$(git show-branch --merge-base G H) &&
+     expr "$(git name-rev "$MB")" : "[0-9a-f]* tags/B"'
+
+# Setup for second test to demonstrate that relying on timestamps in a
+# distributed SCM to provide a _consistent_ partial ordering of commits
+# leads to insanity.
+#
+#               Relative
+# Structure     timestamps
+#
+#   PL  PR        +4  +4
+#  /  \/  \      /  \/  \
+# L2  C2  R2    +3  -1  +3
+# |   |   |     |   |   |
+# L1  C1  R1    +2  -2  +2
+# |   |   |     |   |   |
+# L0  C0  R0    +1  -3  +1
+#   \ |  /        \ |  /
+#     S             0
+#
+# The left and right chains of commits can be of any length and complexity as
+# long as all of the timestamps are greater than that of S.
+
+S=$(doit  0 S)
+
+C0=$(doit -3 C0 $S)
+C1=$(doit -2 C1 $C0)
+C2=$(doit -1 C2 $C1)
+
+L0=$(doit  1 L0 $S)
+L1=$(doit  2 L1 $L0)
+L2=$(doit  3 L2 $L1)
+
+R0=$(doit  1 R0 $S)
+R1=$(doit  2 R1 $R0)
+R2=$(doit  3 R2 $R1)
+
+PL=$(doit  4 PL $L2 $C2)
+PR=$(doit  4 PR $C2 $R2)
+
+test_expect_success 'compute merge-base (single)' \
+    'MB=$(git merge-base PL PR) &&
+     expr "$(git name-rev "$MB")" : "[0-9a-f]* tags/C2"'
+
+test_expect_success 'compute merge-base (all)' \
+    'MB=$(git merge-base --all PL PR) &&
+     expr "$(git name-rev "$MB")" : "[0-9a-f]* tags/C2"'
+
+# Another set to demonstrate base between one commit and a merge
+# in the documentation.
+#
+# * C (MMC) * B (MMB) * A  (MMA)
+# * o       * o       * o
+# * o       * o       * o
+# * o       * o       * o
+# * o       | _______/
+# |         |/
+# |         * 1 (MM1)
+# | _______/
+# |/
+# * root (MMR)
+
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-base for octopus-step (setup)' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m root && git tag MMR &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m 1 && git tag MM1 &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m A && git tag MMA &&
+	git checkout MM1 &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m B && git tag MMB &&
+	git checkout MMR &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m C && git tag MMC
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-base A B C' '
+	MB=$(git merge-base --all MMA MMB MMC) &&
+	MM1=$(git rev-parse --verify MM1) &&
+	test "$MM1" = "$MB"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-base A B C using show-branch' '
+	MB=$(git show-branch --merge-base MMA MMB MMC) &&
+	MMR=$(git rev-parse --verify MMR) &&
+	test "$MMR" = "$MB"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'criss-cross merge-base for octopus-step (setup)' '
+	git reset --hard MMR &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m 1 && git tag CC1 &&
+	git reset --hard E &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m 2 && git tag CC2 &&
+	test_tick && git merge -s ours CC1 &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m o &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m B && git tag CCB &&
+	git reset --hard CC1 &&
+	test_tick && git merge -s ours CC2 &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m A && git tag CCA
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-base B A^^ A^^2' '
+	MB0=$(git merge-base --all CCB CCA^^ CCA^^2 | sort) &&
+	MB1=$(git rev-parse CC1 CC2 | sort) &&
+	test "$MB0" = "$MB1"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e51eb41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6011-rev-list-with-bad-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git rev-list should notice bad commits'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Note:
+# - compression level is set to zero to make "corruptions" easier to perform
+# - reflog is disabled to avoid extra references which would twart the test
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' \
+   '
+   git init &&
+   git config core.compression 0 &&
+   git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+   echo "foo" > foo &&
+   git add foo &&
+   git commit -m "first commit" &&
+   echo "bar" > bar &&
+   git add bar &&
+   git commit -m "second commit" &&
+   echo "baz" > baz &&
+   git add baz &&
+   git commit -m "third commit" &&
+   echo "foo again" >> foo &&
+   git add foo &&
+   git commit -m "fourth commit" &&
+   git repack -a -f -d
+   '
+
+test_expect_success 'verify number of revisions' \
+   '
+   revs=$(git rev-list --all | wc -l) &&
+   test $revs -eq 4 &&
+   first_commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)
+   '
+
+test_expect_success 'corrupt second commit object' \
+   '
+   perl -i.bak -pe "s/second commit/socond commit/" .git/objects/pack/*.pack &&
+   test_must_fail git fsck --full
+   '
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list should fail' \
+   '
+   test_must_fail git rev-list --all > /dev/null
+   '
+
+test_expect_success 'git repack _MUST_ fail' \
+   '
+   test_must_fail git repack -a -f -d
+   '
+
+test_expect_success 'first commit is still available' \
+   '
+   git log $first_commit
+   '
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..af34a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge simplification'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+note () {
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+unnote () {
+	git name-rev --tags --stdin | sed -e "s|$_x40 (tags/\([^)]*\)) |\1 |g"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo "Hi there" >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file" &&
+	note A &&
+
+	git branch other-branch &&
+
+	echo "Hello" >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file" &&
+	note B &&
+
+	git checkout other-branch &&
+
+	echo "Hello" >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified the file identically" &&
+	note C &&
+
+	echo "This is a stupid example" >another-file &&
+	git add another-file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Add another file" &&
+	note D &&
+
+	test_tick && git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	note E &&
+
+	echo "Yet another" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Irrelevant change" &&
+	note F &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo "Yet another" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Another irrelevant change" &&
+	note G &&
+
+	test_tick && git merge -m "merge" other-branch &&
+	note H &&
+
+	echo "Final change" >file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
+	note I
+'
+
+FMT='tformat:%P 	%H | %s'
+
+check_result () {
+	for c in $1
+	do
+		echo "$c"
+	done >expect &&
+	shift &&
+	param="$*" &&
+	test_expect_success "log $param" '
+		git log --pretty="$FMT" --parents $param |
+		unnote >actual &&
+		sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
+		test_cmp expect check || {
+			cat actual
+			false
+		}
+	'
+}
+
+check_result 'I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'I B A' -- file
+check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh b/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..59fc2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6013-rev-list-reverse-parents.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='--reverse combines with --parents'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	echo $1 > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up --reverse example' '
+	commit one &&
+	git tag root &&
+	commit two &&
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	commit three &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -s ours side &&
+	commit five
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--reverse --parents --full-history combines correctly' '
+	git rev-list --parents --full-history master -- foo |
+		perl -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
+	git rev-list --reverse --parents --full-history master -- foo \
+		> actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--boundary does too' '
+	git rev-list --boundary --parents --full-history master ^root -- foo |
+		perl -e "print reverse <>" > expected &&
+	git rev-list --boundary --reverse --parents --full-history \
+		master ^root -- foo > actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh b/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..991ab4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='--all includes detached HEADs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	echo $1 > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	commit one &&
+	commit two &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	commit detached
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --all lists detached HEAD' '
+
+	test 3 = $(git rev-list --all | wc -l)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack does not lose detached HEAD' '
+
+	git gc &&
+	git prune --expire=now &&
+	git show HEAD
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh b/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b146fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6015-rev-list-show-all-parents.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='--show-all --parents does not rewrite TREESAME commits'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up --show-all --parents test' '
+	test_commit one foo.txt &&
+	commit1=`git rev-list -1 HEAD` &&
+	test_commit two bar.txt &&
+	commit2=`git rev-list -1 HEAD` &&
+	test_commit three foo.txt &&
+	commit3=`git rev-list -1 HEAD`
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--parents rewrites TREESAME parents correctly' '
+	echo $commit3 $commit1 > expected &&
+	echo $commit1 >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --parents HEAD -- foo.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--parents --show-all does not rewrites TREESAME parents' '
+	echo $commit3 $commit2 > expected &&
+	echo $commit2 $commit1 >> expected &&
+	echo $commit1 >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --parents --show-all HEAD -- foo.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh b/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..27fd52b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6016-rev-list-graph-simplify-history.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# There's more than one "correct" way to represent the history graphically.
+# These tests depend on the current behavior of the graphing code.  If the
+# graphing code is ever changed to draw the output differently, these tests
+# cases will need to be updated to know about the new layout.
+
+test_description='--graph and simplified history'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'set up rev-list --graph test' '
+	# 3 commits on branch A
+	test_commit A1 foo.txt &&
+	test_commit A2 bar.txt &&
+	test_commit A3 bar.txt &&
+	git branch -m master A &&
+
+	# 2 commits on branch B, started from A1
+	git checkout -b B A1 &&
+	test_commit B1 foo.txt &&
+	test_commit B2 abc.txt &&
+
+	# 2 commits on branch C, started from A2
+	git checkout -b C A2 &&
+	test_commit C1 xyz.txt &&
+	test_commit C2 xyz.txt &&
+
+	# Octopus merge B and C into branch A
+	git checkout A &&
+	git merge B C &&
+	git tag A4
+
+	test_commit A5 bar.txt &&
+
+	# More commits on C, then merge C into A
+	git checkout C &&
+	test_commit C3 foo.txt &&
+	test_commit C4 bar.txt &&
+	git checkout A &&
+	git merge -s ours C &&
+	git tag A6
+
+	test_commit A7 bar.txt &&
+
+	# Store commit names in variables for later use
+	A1=$(git rev-parse --verify A1) &&
+	A2=$(git rev-parse --verify A2) &&
+	A3=$(git rev-parse --verify A3) &&
+	A4=$(git rev-parse --verify A4) &&
+	A5=$(git rev-parse --verify A5) &&
+	A6=$(git rev-parse --verify A6) &&
+	A7=$(git rev-parse --verify A7) &&
+	B1=$(git rev-parse --verify B1) &&
+	B2=$(git rev-parse --verify B2) &&
+	C1=$(git rev-parse --verify C1) &&
+	C2=$(git rev-parse --verify C2) &&
+	C3=$(git rev-parse --verify C3) &&
+	C4=$(git rev-parse --verify C4)
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph --all' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C3" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "| |     " >> expected &&
+	echo "|  \\    " >> expected &&
+	echo "*-. \\   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\ \\ \\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| | |/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| | * $C2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| | * $C1" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * | $B2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * | $B1" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | | $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "| |/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "|/|   " >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A2" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A1" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --all > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+# Make sure the graph_is_interesting() code still realizes
+# that undecorated merges are interesting, even with --simplify-by-decoration
+test_expect_success '--graph --simplify-by-decoration' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	git tag -d A4
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C3" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "| |     " >> expected &&
+	echo "|  \\    " >> expected &&
+	echo "*-. \\   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\ \\ \\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| | |/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| | * $C2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| | * $C1" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * | $B2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * | $B1" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | | $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "| |/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "|/|   " >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A2" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A1" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --all --simplify-by-decoration > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+# Get rid of all decorations on branch B, and graph with it simplified away
+test_expect_success '--graph --simplify-by-decoration prune branch B' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	git tag -d B2
+	git tag -d B1
+	git branch -d B
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C3" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "* |   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\ \\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| |/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C1" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A2" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A1" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --simplify-by-decoration --all > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph --full-history -- bar.txt' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	git tag -d B2
+	git tag -d B1
+	git branch -d B
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "* |   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\ \\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| |/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A2" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --full-history --all -- bar.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph --full-history --simplify-merges -- bar.txt' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	git tag -d B2
+	git tag -d B1
+	git branch -d B
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A2" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --full-history --simplify-merges --all \
+		-- bar.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph -- bar.txt' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	git tag -d B2
+	git tag -d B1
+	git branch -d B
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A2" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --all -- bar.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph --sparse -- bar.txt' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	git tag -d B2
+	git tag -d B1
+	git branch -d B
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C3" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C1" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A2" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A1" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --sparse --all -- bar.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph ^C4' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $B2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $B1" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A3" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --all ^C4 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '--graph ^C3' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $B2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $B1" >> expected &&
+	echo "* $A3" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --all ^C3 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+# I don't think the ordering of the boundary commits is really
+# that important, but this test depends on it.  If the ordering ever changes
+# in the code, we'll need to update this test.
+test_expect_success '--graph --boundary ^C3' '
+	rm -f expected &&
+	echo "* $A7" >> expected &&
+	echo "*   $A6" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * $C4" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | $A5" >> expected &&
+	echo "| |     " >> expected &&
+	echo "|  \\    " >> expected &&
+	echo "*-. \\   $A4" >> expected &&
+	echo "|\\ \\ \\  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| * | | $B2" >> expected &&
+	echo "| * | | $B1" >> expected &&
+	echo "* | | | $A3" >> expected &&
+	echo "o | | | $A2" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/ / /  " >> expected &&
+	echo "o | | $A1" >> expected &&
+	echo " / /  " >> expected &&
+	echo "| o $C3" >> expected &&
+	echo "|/  " >> expected &&
+	echo "o $C2" >> expected &&
+	git rev-list --graph --boundary --all ^C3 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6017-rev-list-stdin.sh b/t/t6017-rev-list-stdin.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f1c32db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6017-rev-list-stdin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='log family learns --stdin'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check () {
+	for cmd in rev-list "log --stat"
+	do
+		for i in "$@"
+		do
+			printf "%s\n" $i
+		done >input &&
+		test_expect_success "check $cmd $*" '
+			git $cmd $(cat input) >expect &&
+			git $cmd --stdin <input >actual &&
+			sed -e "s/^/input /" input &&
+			sed -e "s/^/output /" expect &&
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		'
+	done
+}
+
+them='1 2 3 4 5 6 7'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	(
+		for i in 0 $them
+		do
+			for j in $them
+			do
+				echo $i.$j >file-$j &&
+				git add file-$j || exit
+			done &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m $i || exit
+		done &&
+		for i in $them
+		do
+			git checkout -b side-$i master~$i &&
+			echo updated $i >file-$i &&
+			git add file-$i &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m side-$i || exit
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+check master
+check side-1 ^side-4
+check side-1 ^side-7 --
+check side-1 ^side-7 -- file-1
+check side-1 ^side-7 -- file-2
+check side-3 ^side-4 -- file-3
+check side-3 ^side-2
+check side-3 ^side-2 -- file-1
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8d3fa7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rev-list/rev-parse --glob'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	echo $1 > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+compare () {
+	# Split arguments on whitespace.
+	git $1 $2 >expected &&
+	git $1 $3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	commit master &&
+	git checkout -b subspace/one master &&
+	commit one &&
+	git checkout -b subspace/two master &&
+	commit two &&
+	git checkout -b subspace-x master &&
+	commit subspace-x &&
+	git checkout -b other/three master &&
+	commit three &&
+	git checkout -b someref master &&
+	commit some &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	commit master2 &&
+	git tag foo/bar master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/foo/baz master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=heads/subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=refs/heads/subspace/' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=heads/subspace/' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=heads/subspace' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --branches=subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--branches=subspace/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --branches=subspace/' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--branches=subspace/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --branches=subspace' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two" "--branches=subspace"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=heads/subspace/* --glob=heads/other/*' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "subspace/one subspace/two other/three" "--glob=heads/subspace/* --glob=heads/other/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=heads/someref/* master' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "master" "--glob=heads/someref/* master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --glob=heads/*' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "master other/three someref subspace-x subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --tags=foo' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "foo/bar" "--tags=foo"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --remotes=foo' '
+
+	compare rev-parse "foo/baz" "--remotes=foo"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=refs/heads/subspace/' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/subspace/' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/subspace' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --branches=subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--branches=subspace/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --branches=subspace/' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--branches=subspace/"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --branches=subspace' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--branches=subspace"
+
+'
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/someref/* master' '
+
+	compare rev-list "master" "--glob=heads/someref/* master"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/subspace/* --glob=heads/other/*' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two other/three" "--glob=heads/subspace/* --glob=heads/other/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/*' '
+
+	compare rev-list "master other/three someref subspace-x subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/*"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --tags=foo' '
+
+	compare rev-list "foo/bar" "--tags=foo"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --remotes=foo' '
+
+	compare rev-list "foo/baz" "--remotes=foo"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6020-merge-df.sh b/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e71c687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6020-merge-df.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Fredrik Kuivinen
+#
+
+test_description='Test merge with directory/file conflicts'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
+'echo "Hello" > init &&
+git add init &&
+git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+git branch B &&
+mkdir dir &&
+echo "foo" > dir/foo &&
+git add dir/foo &&
+git commit -m "File: dir/foo" &&
+git checkout B &&
+echo "file dir" > dir &&
+git add dir &&
+git commit -m "File: dir"'
+
+test_expect_code 1 'Merge with d/f conflicts' 'git merge "merge msg" B master'
+
+test_expect_failure 'F/D conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	rm .git/index &&
+
+	mkdir before &&
+	echo FILE >before/one &&
+	echo FILE >after &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+
+	rm -f after &&
+	git mv before after &&
+	git commit -m move &&
+
+	git checkout -b para HEAD^ &&
+	echo COMPLETELY ANOTHER FILE >another &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m para &&
+
+	git merge master
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..331b9b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Fredrik Kuivinen
+#
+
+# See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
+# nice description of what this is about.
+
+
+test_description='Test criss-cross merge'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
+'echo "1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9" > file &&
+git add file &&
+git commit -m "Initial commit" file &&
+git branch A &&
+git branch B &&
+git checkout A &&
+echo "1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8 changed in B8, branch A
+9" > file &&
+git commit -m "B8" file &&
+git checkout B &&
+echo "1
+2
+3 changed in C3, branch B
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+" > file &&
+git commit -m "C3" file &&
+git branch C3 &&
+git merge "pre E3 merge" B A &&
+echo "1
+2
+3 changed in E3, branch B. New file size
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8 changed in B8, branch A
+9
+" > file &&
+git commit -m "E3" file &&
+git checkout A &&
+git merge "pre D8 merge" A C3 &&
+echo "1
+2
+3 changed in C3, branch B
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8 changed in D8, branch A. New file size 2
+9" > file &&
+git commit -m D8 file'
+
+test_expect_success 'Criss-cross merge' 'git merge "final merge" A B'
+
+cat > file-expect <<EOF
+1
+2
+3 changed in E3, branch B. New file size
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8 changed in D8, branch A. New file size 2
+9
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Criss-cross merge result' 'cmp file file-expect'
+
+test_expect_success 'Criss-cross merge fails (-s resolve)' \
+'git reset --hard A^ &&
+test_must_fail git merge -s resolve -m "final merge" B'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3f7ae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Merge-recursive merging renames'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup \
+'
+cat >A <<\EOF &&
+a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
+b bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
+c cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
+d dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
+e eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
+f ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+g gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
+h hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
+i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
+j jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
+k kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
+l llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
+m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
+n nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
+o oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
+EOF
+
+cat >M <<\EOF &&
+A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+B BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
+C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
+D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
+E EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
+F FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+G GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
+H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
+I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
+J JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
+K KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
+L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
+N NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
+O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
+EOF
+
+git add A M &&
+git commit -m "initial has A and M" &&
+git branch white &&
+git branch red &&
+git branch blue &&
+git branch yellow &&
+git branch change &&
+git branch change+rename &&
+
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : master changes a line/" <A >A+ &&
+mv A+ A &&
+git commit -a -m "master updates A" &&
+
+git checkout yellow &&
+rm -f M &&
+git commit -a -m "yellow removes M" &&
+
+git checkout white &&
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : white changes a line/" <A >B &&
+sed -e "/^G /s/.*/G : colored branch changes a line/" <M >N &&
+rm -f A M &&
+git update-index --add --remove A B M N &&
+git commit -m "white renames A->B, M->N" &&
+
+git checkout red &&
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : red changes a line/" <A >B &&
+sed -e "/^G /s/.*/G : colored branch changes a line/" <M >N &&
+rm -f A M &&
+git update-index --add --remove A B M N &&
+git commit -m "red renames A->B, M->N" &&
+
+git checkout blue &&
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : blue changes a line/" <A >C &&
+sed -e "/^G /s/.*/G : colored branch changes a line/" <M >N &&
+rm -f A M &&
+git update-index --add --remove A C M N &&
+git commit -m "blue renames A->C, M->N" &&
+
+git checkout change &&
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : changed line/" <A >A+ &&
+mv A+ A &&
+git commit -q -a -m "changed" &&
+
+git checkout change+rename &&
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : changed line/" <A >B &&
+rm A &&
+git update-index --add B &&
+git commit -q -a -m "changed and renamed" &&
+
+git checkout master'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull renaming branch into unrenaming one' \
+'
+	git show-branch
+	git pull . white && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		return 1
+	}
+	git ls-files -s
+	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 3 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left stages for B"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
+		return 1
+	}
+	sed -ne "/^g/{
+	p
+	q
+	}" B | grep master || {
+		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
+		return 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull renaming branch into another renaming one' \
+'
+	rm -f B
+	git reset --hard
+	git checkout red
+	git pull . white && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 3 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left stages"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
+		return 1
+	}
+	sed -ne "/^g/{
+	p
+	q
+	}" B | grep red || {
+		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
+		return 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull unrenaming branch into renaming one' \
+'
+	git reset --hard
+	git show-branch
+	git pull . master && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 3 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left stages"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
+		return 1
+	}
+	sed -ne "/^g/{
+	p
+	q
+	}" B | grep red || {
+		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
+		return 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull conflicting renames' \
+'
+	git reset --hard
+	git show-branch
+	git pull . blue && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -u A | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left a stage"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -u B | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left a stage"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -u C | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left a stage"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git ls-files -s N | wc -l)" -eq 1 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have merged N"
+		return 1
+	}
+	sed -ne "/^g/{
+	p
+	q
+	}" B | grep red || {
+		echo "BAD: should have listed our change first"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test "$(git diff white N | wc -l)" -eq 0 || {
+		echo "BAD: should have taken colored branch"
+		return 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+	git show-branch
+	echo >A this file should not matter
+	git pull . white && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f A || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left A intact"
+		return 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+	git checkout white
+	git show-branch
+	rm -f A
+	echo >A this file should not matter
+	git pull . red && {
+		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f A || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left A intact"
+		return 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+	rm -f A M
+	git checkout -f master
+	git tag -f anchor
+	git show-branch
+	git pull . yellow || {
+		echo "BAD: should have cleanly merged"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f M && {
+		echo "BAD: should have removed M"
+		return 1
+	}
+	git reset --hard anchor
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updated working tree file should prevent the merge' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+	rm -f A M
+	git checkout -f master
+	git tag -f anchor
+	git show-branch
+	echo >>M one line addition
+	cat M >M.saved
+	git pull . yellow && {
+		echo "BAD: should have complained"
+		return 1
+	}
+	diff M M.saved || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left M intact"
+		return 1
+	}
+	rm -f M.saved
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updated working tree file should prevent the merge' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+	rm -f A M
+	git checkout -f master
+	git tag -f anchor
+	git show-branch
+	echo >>M one line addition
+	cat M >M.saved
+	git update-index M
+	git pull . yellow && {
+		echo "BAD: should have complained"
+		return 1
+	}
+	diff M M.saved || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left M intact"
+		return 1
+	}
+	rm -f M.saved
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interference with untracked working tree file' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+	rm -f A M
+	git checkout -f yellow
+	git tag -f anchor
+	git show-branch
+	echo >M this file should not matter
+	git pull . master || {
+		echo "BAD: should have cleanly merged"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f M || {
+		echo "BAD: should have left M intact"
+		return 1
+	}
+	git ls-files -s | grep M && {
+		echo "BAD: M must be untracked in the result"
+		return 1
+	}
+	git reset --hard anchor
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge of identical changes in a renamed file' '
+	rm -f A M N
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout change+rename &&
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | grep "^Skipped B" &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout change &&
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | grep "^Skipped B"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6023-merge-file.sh b/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6291307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='RCS merge replacement: merge-file'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat > orig.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+EOF
+
+cat > new1.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+
+cat > new2.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+EOF
+
+cat > new3.txt << EOF
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+EOF
+
+cat > new4.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+EOF
+printf "propter nomen suum." >> new4.txt
+
+test_expect_success 'merge with no changes' '
+	cp orig.txt test.txt &&
+	git merge-file test.txt orig.txt orig.txt &&
+	test_cmp test.txt orig.txt
+'
+
+cp new1.txt test.txt
+test_expect_success "merge without conflict" \
+	"git merge-file test.txt orig.txt new2.txt"
+
+cp new1.txt test2.txt
+test_expect_success "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF)" \
+	"git merge-file test2.txt orig.txt new2.txt"
+
+test_expect_success "merge result added missing LF" \
+	"test_cmp test.txt test2.txt"
+
+cp test.txt backup.txt
+test_expect_success "merge with conflicts" \
+	"test_must_fail git merge-file test.txt orig.txt new3.txt"
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+<<<<<<< test.txt
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+=======
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+>>>>>>> new3.txt
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "expected conflict markers" "test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+test_expect_success "merge with conflicts, using -L" \
+	"test_must_fail git merge-file -L 1 -L 2 test.txt orig.txt new3.txt"
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+<<<<<<< 1
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+=======
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+>>>>>>> new3.txt
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "expected conflict markers, with -L" \
+	"test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+
+sed "s/ tu / TU /" < new1.txt > new5.txt
+test_expect_success "conflict in removed tail" \
+	"test_must_fail git merge-file -p orig.txt new1.txt new5.txt > out"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+Dominus regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+<<<<<<< orig.txt
+=======
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam TU mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+>>>>>>> new5.txt
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "expected conflict markers" "test_cmp expect out"
+
+test_expect_success 'binary files cannot be merged' '
+	test_must_fail git merge-file -p \
+		orig.txt "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test4012.png new1.txt 2> merge.err &&
+	grep "Cannot merge binary files" merge.err
+'
+
+sed -e "s/deerit.\$/deerit;/" -e "s/me;\$/me./" < new5.txt > new6.txt
+sed -e "s/deerit.\$/deerit,/" -e "s/me;\$/me,/" < new5.txt > new7.txt
+
+test_expect_success 'MERGE_ZEALOUS simplifies non-conflicts' '
+
+	test_must_fail git merge-file -p new6.txt new5.txt new7.txt > output &&
+	test 1 = $(grep ======= < output | wc -l)
+
+'
+
+sed -e 's/deerit./&%%%%/' -e "s/locavit,/locavit;/"< new6.txt | tr '%' '\012' > new8.txt
+sed -e 's/deerit./&%%%%/' -e "s/locavit,/locavit --/" < new7.txt | tr '%' '\012' > new9.txt
+
+test_expect_success 'ZEALOUS_ALNUM' '
+
+	test_must_fail git merge-file -p \
+		new8.txt new5.txt new9.txt > merge.out &&
+	test 1 = $(grep ======= < merge.out | wc -l)
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Dominus regit me,
+<<<<<<< new8.txt
+et nihil mihi deerit;
+
+
+
+
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit;
+super aquam refectionis educavit me.
+|||||||
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+=======
+et nihil mihi deerit,
+
+
+
+
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit --
+super aquam refectionis educavit me,
+>>>>>>> new9.txt
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam TU mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '"diff3 -m" style output (1)' '
+	test_must_fail git merge-file -p --diff3 \
+		new8.txt new5.txt new9.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"diff3 -m" style output (2)' '
+	git config merge.conflictstyle diff3 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge-file -p \
+		new8.txt new5.txt new9.txt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh b/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b3fbf65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test merge without common ancestors'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# This scenario is based on a real-world repository of Shawn Pearce.
+
+# 1 - A - D - F
+#   \   X   /
+#     B   X
+#       X   \
+# 2 - C - E - G
+
+GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-12-12 23:28:00 +0100"
+export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+test_expect_success "setup tests" '
+echo 1 > a1 &&
+git add a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:00" git commit -m 1 a1 &&
+
+git checkout -b A master &&
+echo A > a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:01" git commit -m A a1 &&
+
+git checkout -b B master &&
+echo B > a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:02" git commit -m B a1 &&
+
+git checkout -b D A &&
+git rev-parse B > .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+echo D > a1 &&
+git update-index a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:03" git commit -m D &&
+
+git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/other &&
+echo 2 > a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:04" git commit -m 2 a1 &&
+
+git checkout -b C &&
+echo C > a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:05" git commit -m C a1 &&
+
+git checkout -b E C &&
+git rev-parse B > .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+echo E > a1 &&
+git update-index a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:06" git commit -m E &&
+
+git checkout -b G E &&
+git rev-parse A > .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+echo G > a1 &&
+git update-index a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:07" git commit -m G &&
+
+git checkout -b F D &&
+git rev-parse C > .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+echo F > a1 &&
+git update-index a1 &&
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-12-12 23:00:08" git commit -m F
+'
+
+test_expect_success "combined merge conflicts" "
+	test_must_fail git merge -m final G
+"
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+F
+=======
+G
+>>>>>>> G
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "result contains a conflict" "test_cmp expect a1"
+
+git ls-files --stage > out
+cat > expect << EOF
+100644 439cc46de773d8a83c77799b7cc9191c128bfcff 1	a1
+100644 cf84443e49e1b366fac938711ddf4be2d4d1d9e9 2	a1
+100644 fd7923529855d0b274795ae3349c5e0438333979 3	a1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "virtual trees were processed" "test_cmp expect out"
+
+test_expect_success 'refuse to merge binary files' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	printf "\0" > binary-file &&
+	git add binary-file &&
+	git commit -m binary &&
+	git checkout G &&
+	printf "\0\0" > binary-file &&
+	git add binary-file &&
+	git commit -m binary2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge F > merge.out 2> merge.err &&
+	grep "Cannot merge binary files: binary-file (HEAD vs. F)" merge.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mark rename/delete as unmerged' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b delete &&
+	git rm a1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m delete &&
+	git checkout -b rename HEAD^ &&
+	git mv a1 a2
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	test_must_fail git merge delete &&
+	test 1 = $(git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l) &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :2:a2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :3:a2 &&
+	git checkout -f delete &&
+	test_must_fail git merge rename &&
+	test 1 = $(git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l) &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :2:a2 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :3:a2
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6025-merge-symlinks.sh b/t/t6025-merge-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..433c4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6025-merge-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes Sixt
+#
+
+test_description='merging symlinks on filesystem w/o symlink support.
+
+This tests that git merge-recursive writes merge results as plain files
+if core.symlinks is false.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+'setup' '
+git config core.symlinks false &&
+> file &&
+git add file &&
+git commit -m initial &&
+git branch b-symlink &&
+git branch b-file &&
+l=$(printf file | git hash-object -t blob -w --stdin) &&
+echo "120000 $l	symlink" | git update-index --index-info &&
+git commit -m master &&
+git checkout b-symlink &&
+l=$(printf file-different | git hash-object -t blob -w --stdin) &&
+echo "120000 $l	symlink" | git update-index --index-info &&
+git commit -m b-symlink &&
+git checkout b-file &&
+echo plain-file > symlink &&
+git add symlink &&
+git commit -m b-file'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'merge master into b-symlink, which has a different symbolic link' '
+git checkout b-symlink &&
+test_must_fail git merge master'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'the merge result must be a file' '
+test -f symlink'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'merge master into b-file, which has a file instead of a symbolic link' '
+git reset --hard && git checkout b-file &&
+test_must_fail git merge master'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'the merge result must be a file' '
+test -f symlink'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'merge b-file, which has a file instead of a symbolic link, into master' '
+git reset --hard &&
+git checkout master &&
+test_must_fail git merge b-file'
+
+test_expect_success \
+'the merge result must be a file' '
+test -f symlink'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh b/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5e43997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='per path merge controlled by merge attribute'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	for f in text binary union
+	do
+		echo Initial >$f && git add $f || break
+	done &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Initial &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+	for f in text binary union
+	do
+		echo Master >>$f && git add $f || break
+	done &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Master &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	for f in text binary union
+	do
+		echo Side >>$f && git add $f || break
+	done &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m Side &&
+
+	git tag anchor
+'
+
+test_expect_success merge '
+
+	{
+		echo "binary -merge"
+		echo "union merge=union"
+	} >.gitattributes &&
+
+	if git merge master
+	then
+		echo Gaah, should have conflicted
+		false
+	else
+		echo Ok, conflicted.
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check merge result in index' '
+
+	git ls-files -u | grep binary &&
+	git ls-files -u | grep text &&
+	! (git ls-files -u | grep union)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check merge result in working tree' '
+
+	git cat-file -p HEAD:binary >binary-orig &&
+	grep "<<<<<<<" text &&
+	cmp binary-orig binary &&
+	! grep "<<<<<<<" union &&
+	grep Master union &&
+	grep Side union
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'retry the merge with longer context' '
+	echo text conflict-marker-size=32 >>.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout -m text &&
+	sed -ne "/^\([<=>]\)\1\1\1*/{
+		s/ .*$//
+		p
+	}" >actual text &&
+	grep ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>" actual &&
+	grep "================================" actual &&
+	grep "<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<" actual
+'
+
+cat >./custom-merge <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+
+orig="$1" ours="$2" theirs="$3" exit="$4"
+(
+	echo "orig is $orig"
+	echo "ours is $ours"
+	echo "theirs is $theirs"
+	echo "=== orig ==="
+	cat "$orig"
+	echo "=== ours ==="
+	cat "$ours"
+	echo "=== theirs ==="
+	cat "$theirs"
+) >"$ours+"
+cat "$ours+" >"$ours"
+rm -f "$ours+"
+exit "$exit"
+EOF
+chmod +x ./custom-merge
+
+test_expect_success 'custom merge backend' '
+
+	echo "* merge=union" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "text merge=custom" >>.gitattributes &&
+
+	git reset --hard anchor &&
+	git config --replace-all \
+	merge.custom.driver "./custom-merge %O %A %B 0" &&
+	git config --replace-all \
+	merge.custom.name "custom merge driver for testing" &&
+
+	git merge master &&
+
+	cmp binary union &&
+	sed -e 1,3d text >check-1 &&
+	o=$(git unpack-file master^:text) &&
+	a=$(git unpack-file side^:text) &&
+	b=$(git unpack-file master:text) &&
+	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0" &&
+	sed -e 1,3d $a >check-2 &&
+	cmp check-1 check-2 &&
+	rm -f $o $a $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'custom merge backend' '
+
+	git reset --hard anchor &&
+	git config --replace-all \
+	merge.custom.driver "./custom-merge %O %A %B 1" &&
+	git config --replace-all \
+	merge.custom.name "custom merge driver for testing" &&
+
+	if git merge master
+	then
+		echo "Eh? should have conflicted"
+		false
+	else
+		echo "Ok, conflicted"
+	fi &&
+
+	cmp binary union &&
+	sed -e 1,3d text >check-1 &&
+	o=$(git unpack-file master^:text) &&
+	a=$(git unpack-file anchor:text) &&
+	b=$(git unpack-file master:text) &&
+	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0" &&
+	sed -e 1,3d $a >check-2 &&
+	cmp check-1 check-2 &&
+	rm -f $o $a $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'up-to-date merge without common ancestor' '
+	test_create_repo repo1 &&
+	test_create_repo repo2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd repo1 &&
+		>a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m initial
+	) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd repo2 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m initial
+	) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd repo1 &&
+		git pull ../repo2 master
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6027-merge-binary.sh b/t/t6027-merge-binary.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b519626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6027-merge-binary.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ask merge-recursive to merge binary files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test4012.png >m &&
+	git add m &&
+	git ls-files -s | sed -e "s/ 0	/ 1	/" >E1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "initial" &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+	echo frotz >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	echo nitfol >>m &&
+	git add a m &&
+	git ls-files -s a >E0 &&
+	git ls-files -s m | sed -e "s/ 0	/ 3	/" >E3 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "master adds some" &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo rezrov >>m &&
+	git add m &&
+	git ls-files -s m | sed -e "s/ 0	/ 2	/" >E2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "side modifies" &&
+
+	git tag anchor &&
+
+	cat E0 E1 E2 E3 >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success resolve '
+
+	rm -f a* m* &&
+	git reset --hard anchor &&
+
+	if git merge -s resolve master
+	then
+		echo Oops, should not have succeeded
+		false
+	else
+		git ls-files -s >current
+		test_cmp current expect
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success recursive '
+
+	rm -f a* m* &&
+	git reset --hard anchor &&
+
+	if git merge -s recursive master
+	then
+		echo Oops, should not have succeeded
+		false
+	else
+		git ls-files -s >current
+		test_cmp current expect
+	fi
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh b/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a91644e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge fast-forward and up to date'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+
+	echo second >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git branch test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge -s recursive up-to-date' '
+
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -s recursive c0 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c1) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge -s recursive fast-forward' '
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -s recursive c1 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c1) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge -s ours up-to-date' '
+
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -s ours c0 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c1) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge -s ours fast-forward' '
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -s ours c1 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c0^{tree}) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge -s subtree up-to-date' '
+
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -s subtree c0 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c1) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh b/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3900d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='subtree merge strategy'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	s="1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8"
+	for i in $s; do echo $i; done >hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	echo >>hello world &&
+	git add hello &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in mundo $s; do echo $i; done >hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	git commit -m master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subtree available and works like recursive' '
+
+	git merge -s subtree side &&
+	for i in mundo $s world; do echo $i; done >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect hello
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir git-gui &&
+	cd git-gui &&
+	git init &&
+	echo git-gui > git-gui.sh &&
+	o1=$(git hash-object git-gui.sh) &&
+	git add git-gui.sh &&
+	git commit -m "initial git-gui" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	mkdir git &&
+	cd git &&
+	git init &&
+	echo git >git.c &&
+	o2=$(git hash-object git.c) &&
+	git add git.c &&
+	git commit -m "initial git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'initial merge' '
+	git remote add -f gui ../git-gui &&
+	git merge -s ours --no-commit gui/master &&
+	git read-tree --prefix=git-gui/ -u gui/master &&
+	git commit -m "Merge git-gui as our subdirectory" &&
+	git checkout -b work &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	git-gui/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o2 0	git.c"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge update' '
+	cd ../git-gui &&
+	echo git-gui2 > git-gui.sh &&
+	o3=$(git hash-object git-gui.sh) &&
+	git add git-gui.sh &&
+	git checkout -b master2 &&
+	git commit -m "update git-gui" &&
+	cd ../git &&
+	git pull -s subtree gui master2 &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o3 0	git-gui/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o2 0	git.c"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'initial ambiguous subtree' '
+	cd ../git &&
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b master2 &&
+	git merge -s ours --no-commit gui/master &&
+	git read-tree --prefix=git-gui2/ -u gui/master &&
+	git commit -m "Merge git-gui2 as our subdirectory" &&
+	git checkout -b work2 &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	git-gui/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	git-gui2/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o2 0	git.c"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge using explicit' '
+	cd ../git &&
+	git reset --hard master2 &&
+	git pull -Xsubtree=git-gui gui master2 &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o3 0	git-gui/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	git-gui2/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o2 0	git.c"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge2 using explicit' '
+	cd ../git &&
+	git reset --hard master2 &&
+	git pull -Xsubtree=git-gui2 gui master2 &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $o1 0	git-gui/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o3 0	git-gui2/git-gui.sh"
+		echo "100644 $o2 0	git.c"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c51865f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Christian Couder
+#
+test_description='Tests git bisect functionality'
+
+exec </dev/null
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+add_line_into_file()
+{
+    _line=$1
+    _file=$2
+
+    if [ -f "$_file" ]; then
+        echo "$_line" >> $_file || return $?
+        MSG="Add <$_line> into <$_file>."
+    else
+        echo "$_line" > $_file || return $?
+        git add $_file || return $?
+        MSG="Create file <$_file> with <$_line> inside."
+    fi
+
+    test_tick
+    git commit --quiet -m "$MSG" $_file
+}
+
+HASH1=
+HASH2=
+HASH3=
+HASH4=
+
+test_expect_success 'set up basic repo with 1 file (hello) and 4 commits' '
+     add_line_into_file "1: Hello World" hello &&
+     HASH1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     add_line_into_file "2: A new day for git" hello &&
+     HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     add_line_into_file "3: Another new day for git" hello &&
+     HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     add_line_into_file "4: Ciao for now" hello &&
+     HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect starts with only one bad' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
+	git bisect next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect does not start with only one good' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good $HASH1 || return 1
+
+	if git bisect next
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		:
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start with one bad and good' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
+	git bisect next
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect fails if given any junk instead of revs' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start foo $HASH1 -- &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 bar -- &&
+	test -z "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/*")" &&
+	test -z "$(ls .git/BISECT_* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect good foo $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect good $HASH1 bar &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect bad frotz &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect bad $HASH3 $HASH4 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip bar $HASH3 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip $HASH1 foo &&
+	test -z "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/*")" &&
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect bad $HASH4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect reset: back in the master branch' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	echo "* master" > branch.expect &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	cmp branch.expect branch.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect reset: back in another branch' '
+	git checkout -b other &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect bad $HASH3 &&
+	git bisect reset &&
+	echo "  master" > branch.expect &&
+	echo "* other" >> branch.expect &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	cmp branch.expect branch.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect reset when not bisecting' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	cmp branch.expect branch.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect reset removes packed refs' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect bad $HASH3 &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	git bisect next &&
+	git bisect reset &&
+	test -z "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/*")" &&
+	test -z "$(git for-each-ref "refs/heads/bisect")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start: back in good branch' '
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	grep "* other" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 -- &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 -- &&
+	git bisect bad &&
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	grep "* other" branch.output > /dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if junk rev' '
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 -- &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 foo -- &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	grep "* other" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_must_fail test -e .git/BISECT_START
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if mistaken rev' '
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 -- &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH1 $HASH4 -- &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	grep "* other" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_must_fail test -e .git/BISECT_START
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if checkout error' '
+	echo "temp stuff" > hello &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 -- &&
+	git branch &&
+	git branch > branch.output &&
+	grep "* other" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_must_fail test -e .git/BISECT_START &&
+	test -z "$(git for-each-ref "refs/bisect/*")" &&
+	git checkout HEAD hello
+'
+
+# $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
+# but $HASH2 is bad,
+# so we should find $HASH2 as the first bad commit
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successfull result' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+# $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3 and $HASH2
+# so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
+# among $HASH2, $HASH3 and $HASH4
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 3 commits' '
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect skip || return 1
+
+	if git bisect skip > my_bisect_log.txt
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		test $? -eq 2 &&
+		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		git bisect reset
+	fi
+'
+
+# $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
+# but $HASH2 is good,
+# so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
+# among $HASH3 and $HASH4
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 2 commits' '
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect skip || return 1
+
+	if git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		test $? -eq 2 &&
+		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		git bisect reset
+	fi
+'
+
+# $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is both skipped and bad, we skip $HASH3
+# and $HASH2 is good,
+# so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
+# among $HASH3 and $HASH4
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: with commit both bad and skipped' '
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect bad &&
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect skip &&
+	if git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		test $? -eq 2 &&
+		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		git bisect reset
+	fi
+'
+
+# We want to automatically find the commit that
+# introduced "Another" into hello.
+test_expect_success \
+    '"git bisect run" simple case' \
+    'echo "#"\!"/bin/sh" > test_script.sh &&
+     echo "grep Another hello > /dev/null" >> test_script.sh &&
+     echo "test \$? -ne 0" >> test_script.sh &&
+     chmod +x test_script.sh &&
+     git bisect start &&
+     git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+     git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
+     git bisect run ./test_script.sh > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+     grep "$HASH3 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+     git bisect reset'
+
+# We want to automatically find the commit that
+# introduced "Ciao" into hello.
+test_expect_success \
+    '"git bisect run" with more complex "git bisect start"' \
+    'echo "#"\!"/bin/sh" > test_script.sh &&
+     echo "grep Ciao hello > /dev/null" >> test_script.sh &&
+     echo "test \$? -ne 0" >> test_script.sh &&
+     chmod +x test_script.sh &&
+     git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
+     git bisect run ./test_script.sh > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+     grep "$HASH4 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+     git bisect reset'
+
+# $HASH1 is good, $HASH5 is bad, we skip $HASH3
+# but $HASH4 is good,
+# so we should find $HASH5 as the first bad commit
+HASH5=
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: add line and then a new test' '
+	add_line_into_file "5: Another new line." hello &&
+	HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git bisect start $HASH5 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$HASH5 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect log > log_to_replay.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip and bisect replay' '
+	git bisect replay log_to_replay.txt > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$HASH5 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+HASH6=
+test_expect_success 'bisect run & skip: cannot tell between 2' '
+	add_line_into_file "6: Yet a line." hello &&
+	HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	echo "#"\!"/bin/sh" > test_script.sh &&
+	echo "sed -ne \\\$p hello | grep Ciao > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "grep line hello > /dev/null" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "test \$? -ne 0" >> test_script.sh &&
+	chmod +x test_script.sh &&
+	git bisect start $HASH6 $HASH1 &&
+	if git bisect run ./test_script.sh > my_bisect_log.txt
+	then
+		echo Oops, should have failed.
+		false
+	else
+		test $? -eq 2 &&
+		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		! grep $HASH6 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+		grep $HASH5 my_bisect_log.txt
+	fi
+'
+
+HASH7=
+test_expect_success 'bisect run & skip: find first bad' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	add_line_into_file "7: Should be the last line." hello &&
+	HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	echo "#"\!"/bin/sh" > test_script.sh &&
+	echo "sed -ne \\\$p hello | grep Ciao > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "sed -ne \\\$p hello | grep day > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "grep Yet hello > /dev/null" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "test \$? -ne 0" >> test_script.sh &&
+	chmod +x test_script.sh &&
+	git bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect run ./test_script.sh > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$HASH6 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip only one range' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect skip $HASH1..$HASH5 &&
+	test "$HASH6" = "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip many ranges' '
+	git bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+	test "$HASH4" = "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" &&
+	git bisect skip $HASH2 $HASH2.. ..$HASH5 &&
+	test "$HASH6" = "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect starting with a detached HEAD' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git checkout master^ &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	test $HEAD = $(cat .git/BISECT_START) &&
+	git bisect reset &&
+	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect errors out if bad and good are mistaken' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH2 $HASH4 2> rev_list_error &&
+	grep "mistake good and bad" rev_list_error &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect does not create a "bisect" branch' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+	git branch bisect &&
+	rev_hash4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$rev_hash4" = "$HASH4" &&
+	git branch -D bisect &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git branch bisect &&
+	rev_hash6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$rev_hash6" = "$HASH6" &&
+	git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$HASH7 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset &&
+	rev_hash6=$(git rev-parse --verify bisect) &&
+	test "$rev_hash6" = "$HASH6" &&
+	git branch -D bisect
+'
+
+# This creates a "side" branch to test "siblings" cases.
+#
+# H1-H2-H3-H4-H5-H6-H7  <--other
+#            \
+#             S5-S6-S7  <--side
+#
+test_expect_success 'side branch creation' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git checkout -b side $HASH4 &&
+	add_line_into_file "5(side): first line on a side branch" hello2 &&
+	SIDE_HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "6(side): second line on a side branch" hello2 &&
+	SIDE_HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "7(side): third line on a side branch" hello2 &&
+	SIDE_HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'good merge base when good and bad are siblings' '
+	git bisect start "$HASH7" "$SIDE_HASH7" > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	test_must_fail grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH6 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+test_expect_success 'skipped merge base when good and bad are siblings' '
+	git bisect start "$SIDE_HASH7" "$HASH7" > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect skip > my_bisect_log.txt 2>&1 &&
+	grep "warning" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $SIDE_HASH6 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bad merge base when good and bad are siblings' '
+	git bisect start "$HASH7" HEAD > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt 2>&1 &&
+	grep "merge base $HASH4 is bad" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "fixed between $HASH4 and \[$SIDE_HASH7\]" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+# This creates a few more commits (A and B) to test "siblings" cases
+# when a good and a bad rev have many merge bases.
+#
+# We should have the following:
+#
+# H1-H2-H3-H4-H5-H6-H7
+#            \  \     \
+#             S5-A     \
+#              \        \
+#               S6-S7----B
+#
+# And there A and B have 2 merge bases (S5 and H5) that should be
+# reported by "git merge-base --all A B".
+#
+test_expect_success 'many merge bases creation' '
+	git checkout "$SIDE_HASH5" &&
+	git merge -m "merge HASH5 and SIDE_HASH5" "$HASH5" &&
+	A_HASH=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git merge -m "merge HASH7 and SIDE_HASH7" "$HASH7" &&
+	B_HASH=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git merge-base --all "$A_HASH" "$B_HASH" > merge_bases.txt &&
+	test $(wc -l < merge_bases.txt) = "2" &&
+	grep "$HASH5" merge_bases.txt &&
+	grep "$SIDE_HASH5" merge_bases.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'good merge bases when good and bad are siblings' '
+	git bisect start "$B_HASH" "$A_HASH" > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect good > my_bisect_log2.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log2.txt &&
+	{
+		{
+			grep "$SIDE_HASH5" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+			grep "$HASH5" my_bisect_log2.txt
+		} || {
+			grep "$SIDE_HASH5" my_bisect_log2.txt &&
+			grep "$HASH5" my_bisect_log.txt
+		}
+	} &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'optimized merge base checks' '
+	git bisect start "$HASH7" "$SIDE_HASH7" > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$HASH4" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	git bisect good > my_bisect_log2.txt &&
+	test -f ".git/BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK" &&
+	test "$HASH6" = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git bisect bad > my_bisect_log3.txt &&
+	git bisect good "$A_HASH" > my_bisect_log4.txt &&
+	grep "merge base must be tested" my_bisect_log4.txt &&
+	test_must_fail test -f ".git/BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK"
+'
+
+# This creates another side branch called "parallel" with some files
+# in some directories, to test bisecting with paths.
+#
+# We should have the following:
+#
+#    P1-P2-P3-P4-P5-P6-P7
+#   /        /        /
+# H1-H2-H3-H4-H5-H6-H7
+#            \  \     \
+#             S5-A     \
+#              \        \
+#               S6-S7----B
+#
+test_expect_success '"parallel" side branch creation' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git checkout -b parallel $HASH1 &&
+	mkdir dir1 dir2 &&
+	add_line_into_file "1(para): line 1 on parallel branch" dir1/file1 &&
+	PARA_HASH1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "2(para): line 2 on parallel branch" dir2/file2 &&
+	PARA_HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	add_line_into_file "3(para): line 3 on parallel branch" dir2/file3 &&
+	PARA_HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	git merge -m "merge HASH4 and PARA_HASH3" "$HASH4" &&
+	PARA_HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	add_line_into_file "5(para): add line on parallel branch" dir1/file1 &&
+	PARA_HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	add_line_into_file "6(para): add line on parallel branch" dir2/file2 &&
+	PARA_HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	git merge -m "merge HASH7 and PARA_HASH6" "$HASH7" &&
+	PARA_HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'restricting bisection on one dir' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start HEAD $HASH1 -- dir1 &&
+	para1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$para1" = "$PARA_HASH1" &&
+	git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$PARA_HASH1 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'restricting bisection on one dir and a file' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start HEAD $HASH1 -- dir1 hello &&
+	para4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$para4" = "$PARA_HASH4" &&
+	git bisect bad &&
+	hash3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$hash3" = "$HASH3" &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	hash4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$hash4" = "$HASH4" &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	para1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$para1" = "$PARA_HASH1" &&
+	git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "$PARA_HASH4 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'skipping away from skipped commit' '
+	git bisect start $PARA_HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+	para4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$para4" = "$PARA_HASH4" &&
+        git bisect skip &&
+	hash7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$hash7" = "$HASH7" &&
+        git bisect skip &&
+	para3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test "$para3" = "$PARA_HASH3"
+'
+
+#
+#
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8a3304f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge-recursive: handle file mode'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
+then
+	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'mode change in one branch: keep changed version' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git checkout -b a1 master &&
+	: >dummy &&
+	git add dummy &&
+	git commit -m a &&
+	git checkout -b b1 master &&
+	test_chmod +x file1 &&
+	git commit -m b1 &&
+	git checkout a1 &&
+	git merge-recursive master -- a1 b1 &&
+	git ls-files -s file1 | grep ^100755
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'verify executable bit on file' '
+	test -x file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mode change in both branches: expect conflict' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git checkout -b a2 master &&
+	: >file2 &&
+	H=$(git hash-object file2) &&
+	test_chmod +x file2 &&
+	git commit -m a2 &&
+	git checkout -b b2 master &&
+	: >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m b2 &&
+	git checkout a2 &&
+	(
+		git merge-recursive master -- a2 b2
+		test $? = 1
+	) &&
+	git ls-files -u >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "100755 $H 2	file2"
+		echo "100644 $H 3	file2"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp actual expect &&
+	git ls-files -s file2 | grep ^100755
+'
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'verify executable bit on file' '
+	test -x file2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..eac5eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merging with large rename matrix'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+count() {
+	i=1
+	while test $i -le $1; do
+		echo $i
+		i=$(($i + 1))
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
+	touch file &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial
+'
+
+make_text() {
+	echo $1: $2
+	for i in `count 20`; do
+		echo $1: $i
+	done
+	echo $1: $3
+}
+
+test_rename() {
+	test_expect_success "rename ($1, $2)" '
+	n='$1'
+	expect='$2'
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git branch -D test$n || true &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	for i in $(count $n); do
+		make_text $i initial initial >$i
+	done &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m add=$n &&
+	for i in $(count $n); do
+		make_text $i changed initial >$i
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m change=$n &&
+	git checkout -b test$n HEAD^ &&
+	for i in $(count $n); do
+		git rm $i
+		make_text $i initial changed >$i.moved
+	done &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m change+rename=$n &&
+	case "$expect" in
+		ok) git merge master ;;
+		 *) test_must_fail git merge master ;;
+	esac
+	'
+}
+
+test_rename 5 ok
+
+test_expect_success 'set diff.renamelimit to 4' '
+	git config diff.renamelimit 4
+'
+test_rename 4 ok
+test_rename 5 fail
+
+test_expect_success 'set merge.renamelimit to 5' '
+	git config merge.renamelimit 5
+'
+test_rename 5 ok
+test_rename 6 fail
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6033-merge-crlf.sh b/t/t6033-merge-crlf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e8d65ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6033-merge-crlf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge conflict in crlf repo
+
+		b---M
+	       /   /
+	initial---a
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	echo foo | append_cr >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+	echo line from a | append_cr >file &&
+	git commit -m "add line from a" file &&
+	git tag a &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo line from b | append_cr >file &&
+	git commit -m "add line from b" file &&
+	git tag b &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check "ours" is CRLF' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge side -s ours &&
+	cat file | remove_cr | append_cr >file.temp &&
+	test_cmp file file.temp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check that conflict file is CRLF' '
+	git reset --hard a &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side &&
+	cat file | remove_cr | append_cr >file.temp &&
+	test_cmp file file.temp
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh b/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..65be95f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Merge-recursive merging renames'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup \
+'
+cat >A <<\EOF &&
+a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
+b bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
+c cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
+d dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
+e eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
+f ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
+g gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
+h hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
+i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
+j jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
+k kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
+l llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
+m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
+n nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
+o oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
+EOF
+
+cat >M <<\EOF &&
+A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+B BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
+C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
+D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
+E EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
+F FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+G GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
+H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
+I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
+J JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
+K KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
+L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
+M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
+N NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
+O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
+EOF
+
+git add A M &&
+git commit -m "initial has A and M" &&
+git branch white &&
+git branch red &&
+git branch blue &&
+
+git checkout white &&
+sed -e "/^g /s/.*/g : white changes a line/" <A >B &&
+sed -e "/^G /s/.*/G : colored branch changes a line/" <M >N &&
+rm -f A M &&
+git update-index --add --remove A B M N &&
+git commit -m "white renames A->B, M->N" &&
+
+git checkout red &&
+echo created by red >R &&
+git update-index --add R &&
+git commit -m "red creates R" &&
+
+git checkout blue &&
+sed -e "/^o /s/.*/g : blue changes a line/" <A >B &&
+rm -f A &&
+mv B A &&
+git update-index A &&
+git commit -m "blue modify A" &&
+
+git checkout master'
+
+# This test broke in 65ac6e9c3f47807cb603af07a6a9e1a43bc119ae
+test_expect_success 'merge white into red (A->B,M->N)' \
+'
+	git checkout -b red-white red &&
+	git merge white &&
+	git write-tree >/dev/null || {
+		echo "BAD: merge did not complete"
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	test -f B || {
+		echo "BAD: B does not exist in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f N || {
+		echo "BAD: N does not exist in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f R || {
+		echo "BAD: R does not exist in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	test -f A && {
+		echo "BAD: A still exists in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f M && {
+		echo "BAD: M still exists in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+'
+
+# This test broke in 8371234ecaaf6e14fe3f2082a855eff1bbd79ae9
+test_expect_success 'merge blue into white (A->B, mod A, A untracked)' \
+'
+	git checkout -b white-blue white &&
+	echo dirty >A &&
+	git merge blue &&
+	git write-tree >/dev/null || {
+		echo "BAD: merge did not complete"
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	test -f A || {
+		echo "BAD: A does not exist in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test `cat A` = dirty || {
+		echo "BAD: A content is wrong"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f B || {
+		echo "BAD: B does not exist in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f N || {
+		echo "BAD: N does not exist in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	test -f M && {
+		echo "BAD: M still exists in working directory"
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3202e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merging when a directory was replaced with a symlink'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	say 'Symbolic links not supported, skipping tests.'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+	mkdir -p a/b/c a/b-2/c &&
+	> a/b/c/d &&
+	> a/b-2/c/d &&
+	> a/x &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	git tag start &&
+	rm -rf a/b &&
+	ln -s b-2 a/b &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'keep a/b-2/c/d across checkout' '
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git rm --cached a/b &&
+	git commit -m "untracked symlink remains" &&
+	 git checkout start^0 &&
+	 test -f a/b-2/c/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	 git checkout start^0 &&
+	 test -f a/b-2/c/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge test' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test -f a/b-2/c/d &&
+	echo x > a/x &&
+	git add a/x &&
+	git commit -m x &&
+	git tag baseline
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout baseline^0 &&
+	git merge -s resolve master &&
+	test -h a/b &&
+	test -f a/b-2/c/d
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout baseline^0 &&
+	git merge -s recursive master &&
+	test -h a/b &&
+	test -f a/b-2/c/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout start^0 &&
+	rm -rf a/b-2 &&
+	ln -s b a/b-2 &&
+	git add -A &&
+	git commit -m "dir a/b-2 to symlink" &&
+	git tag test2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have conflicts (resolve)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout baseline^0 &&
+	git merge -s resolve test2 &&
+	test -h a/b-2 &&
+	test -f a/b/c/d
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'merge should not have conflicts (recursive)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout baseline^0 &&
+	git merge -s recursive test2 &&
+	test -h a/b-2 &&
+	test -f a/b/c/d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b874141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='recursive merge corner cases'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#
+#  L1  L2
+#   o---o
+#  / \ / \
+# o   X   ?
+#  \ / \ /
+#   o---o
+#  R1  R2
+#
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+	for i in $ten
+	do
+		echo line $i in a sample file
+	done >one &&
+	for i in $ten
+	do
+		echo line $i in another sample file
+	done >two &&
+	git add one two &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch L1 &&
+	git checkout -b R1 &&
+	git mv one three &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m R1 &&
+
+	git checkout L1 &&
+	git mv two three &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m L1 &&
+
+	git checkout L1^0 &&
+	test_tick && git merge -s ours R1 &&
+	git tag L2 &&
+
+	git checkout R1^0 &&
+	test_tick && git merge -s ours L1 &&
+	git tag R2
+'
+
+test_expect_success merge '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout L2^0 &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive R2^0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8ab3d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Merge-recursive ours and theirs variants'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+	do
+		echo "$i"
+	done >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	cp file elif &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	sed -e "s/1/one/" -e "s/9/nine/" >file <elif &&
+	git commit -a -m ours &&
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+
+	sed -e "s/9/nueve/" >file <elif &&
+	git commit -a -m theirs &&
+
+	git checkout master^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plain recursive - should conflict' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive side &&
+	grep nine file &&
+	grep nueve file &&
+	! grep 9 file &&
+	grep one file &&
+	! grep 1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive favouring theirs' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -Xtheirs side &&
+	! grep nine file &&
+	grep nueve file &&
+	! grep 9 file &&
+	grep one file &&
+	! grep 1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive favouring ours' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X ours side &&
+	grep nine file &&
+	! grep nueve file &&
+	! grep 9 file &&
+	grep one file &&
+	! grep 1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull with -X' '
+	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xours . side &&
+	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X ours . side &&
+	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xtheirs . side &&
+	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X theirs . side &&
+	git reset --hard master && ! git pull -s recursive -X bork . side
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1785e17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='remote tracking stats'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+advance () {
+	echo "$1" >"$1" &&
+	git add "$1" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	for i in a b c;
+	do
+		advance $i || break
+	done &&
+	git clone . test &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b b1 origin &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		advance d &&
+		git checkout -b b2 origin &&
+		git reset --hard b1 &&
+		git checkout -b b3 origin &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		git checkout -b b4 origin &&
+		advance e &&
+		advance f
+	) &&
+	git checkout -b follower --track master &&
+	advance g
+'
+
+script='s/^..\(b.\)[	 0-9a-f]*\[\([^]]*\)\].*/\1 \2/p'
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+b1 ahead 1, behind 1
+b2 ahead 1, behind 1
+b3 behind 1
+b4 ahead 2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -v' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git branch -v
+	) |
+	sed -n -e "$script" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout' '
+	(
+		cd test && git checkout b1
+	) >actual &&
+	grep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with local tracked branch' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout follower >actual
+	grep "is ahead of" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	grep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status when tracking lightweight tags' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag light &&
+	git branch --track lighttrack light >actual &&
+	grep "set up to track" actual &&
+	git checkout lighttrack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status when tracking annotated tags' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -m heavy heavy &&
+	git branch --track heavytrack heavy >actual &&
+	grep "set up to track" actual &&
+	git checkout heavytrack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup tracking with branch --set-upstream on existing branch' '
+	git branch from-master master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.from-master.merge > actual &&
+	git branch --set-upstream from-master master &&
+	git config branch.from-master.merge > actual &&
+	grep -q "^refs/heads/master$" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream does not change branch' '
+	git branch from-master2 master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.from-master2.merge > actual &&
+	git rev-list from-master2 &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/from-master2 from-master2^ &&
+	git rev-parse from-master2 >expect2 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream from-master2 master &&
+	git config branch.from-master.merge > actual &&
+	git rev-parse from-master2 >actual2 &&
+	grep -q "^refs/heads/master$" actual &&
+	cmp expect2 actual2
+'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..203ffdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder
+#
+test_description='Tests replace refs functionality'
+
+exec </dev/null
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+add_and_commit_file()
+{
+    _file="$1"
+    _msg="$2"
+
+    git add $_file || return $?
+    test_tick || return $?
+    git commit --quiet -m "$_file: $_msg"
+}
+
+HASH1=
+HASH2=
+HASH3=
+HASH4=
+HASH5=
+HASH6=
+HASH7=
+
+test_expect_success 'set up buggy branch' '
+     echo "line 1" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 2" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 3" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 4" >> hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "4 lines" &&
+     HASH1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     echo "line BUG" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 6" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 7" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 8" >> hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "4 more lines with a BUG" &&
+     HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     echo "line 9" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 10" >> hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
+     HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     echo "line 11" >> hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "1 more line" &&
+     HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     sed -e "s/BUG/5/" hello > hello.new &&
+     mv hello.new hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "BUG fixed" &&
+     HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     echo "line 12" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 13" >> hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
+     HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+     echo "line 14" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 15" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 16" >> hello &&
+     add_and_commit_file hello "again 3 more lines" &&
+     HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace the author' '
+     git cat-file commit $HASH2 | grep "author A U Thor" &&
+     R=$(git cat-file commit $HASH2 | sed -e "s/A U/O/" | git hash-object -t commit --stdin -w) &&
+     git cat-file commit $R | grep "author O Thor" &&
+     git update-ref refs/replace/$HASH2 $R &&
+     git show HEAD~5 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --no-replace-objects option' '
+     git cat-file commit $HASH2 | grep "author O Thor" &&
+     git --no-replace-objects cat-file commit $HASH2 | grep "author A U Thor" &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     git --no-replace-objects show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS env variable' '
+     GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS=1 git cat-file commit $HASH2 | grep "author A U Thor" &&
+     GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS=1 git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor"
+'
+
+cat >tag.sig <<EOF
+object $HASH2
+type commit
+tag mytag
+tagger T A Gger <> 0 +0000
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'tag replaced commit' '
+     git mktag <tag.sig >.git/refs/tags/mytag 2>message
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git fsck" works' '
+     git fsck master > fsck_master.out &&
+     grep "dangling commit $R" fsck_master.out &&
+     grep "dangling tag $(cat .git/refs/tags/mytag)" fsck_master.out &&
+     test -z "$(git fsck)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack, clone and fetch work' '
+     git repack -a -d &&
+     git clone --no-hardlinks . clone_dir &&
+     cd clone_dir &&
+     git show HEAD~5 | grep "A U Thor" &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
+     git cat-file commit $R &&
+     git repack -a -d &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file commit $R &&
+     git fetch ../ "refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*" &&
+     git show HEAD~5 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     git cat-file commit $R &&
+     cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git replace" listing and deleting' '
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l)" &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)" &&
+     aa=${HASH2%??????????????????????????????????????} &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l "$aa*")" &&
+     test_must_fail git replace -d $R &&
+     test_must_fail git replace -d &&
+     test_must_fail git replace -l -d $HASH2 &&
+     git replace -d $HASH2 &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
+     test -z "$(git replace -l)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git replace" replacing' '
+     git replace $HASH2 $R &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     test_must_fail git replace $HASH2 $R &&
+     git replace -f $HASH2 $R &&
+     test_must_fail git replace -f &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
+'
+
+# This creates a side branch where the bug in H2
+# does not appear because P2 is created by applying
+# H2 and squashing H5 into it.
+# P3, P4 and P6 are created by cherry-picking H3, H4
+# and H6 respectively.
+#
+# At this point, we should have the following:
+#
+#    P2--P3--P4--P6
+#   /
+# H1-H2-H3-H4-H5-H6-H7
+#
+# Then we replace H6 with P6.
+#
+test_expect_success 'create parallel branch without the bug' '
+     git replace -d $HASH2 &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
+     git checkout $HASH1 &&
+     git cherry-pick $HASH2 &&
+     git show $HASH5 | git apply &&
+     git commit --amend -m "hello: 4 more lines WITHOUT the bug" hello &&
+     PARA2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     git cherry-pick $HASH3 &&
+     PARA3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     git cherry-pick $HASH4 &&
+     PARA4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     git cherry-pick $HASH6 &&
+     PARA6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     git replace $HASH6 $PARA6 &&
+     git checkout master &&
+     cur=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+     test "$cur" = "$HASH7" &&
+     git log --pretty=oneline | grep $PARA2 &&
+     git remote add cloned ./clone_dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to cloned repo' '
+     git push cloned $HASH6^:refs/heads/parallel &&
+     cd clone_dir &&
+     git checkout parallel &&
+     git log --pretty=oneline | grep $PARA2 &&
+     cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push branch with replacement' '
+     git cat-file commit $PARA3 | grep "author A U Thor" &&
+     S=$(git cat-file commit $PARA3 | sed -e "s/A U/O/" | git hash-object -t commit --stdin -w) &&
+     git cat-file commit $S | grep "author O Thor" &&
+     git replace $PARA3 $S &&
+     git show $HASH6~2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     git show $PARA3 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     git push cloned $HASH6^:refs/heads/parallel2 &&
+     cd clone_dir &&
+     git checkout parallel2 &&
+     git log --pretty=oneline | grep $PARA3 &&
+     git show $PARA3 | grep "A U Thor" &&
+     cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch branch with replacement' '
+     git branch tofetch $HASH6 &&
+     cd clone_dir &&
+     git fetch origin refs/heads/tofetch:refs/heads/parallel3
+     git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 | grep $PARA3
+     git show $PARA3 | grep "A U Thor"
+     cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect and replacements' '
+     git bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+     test "$S" = "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" &&
+     git bisect reset &&
+     GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS=1 git bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+     test "$HASH4" = "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" &&
+     git bisect reset &&
+     git --no-replace-objects bisect start $HASH7 $HASH1 &&
+     test "$HASH4" = "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" &&
+     git bisect reset
+'
+
+#
+#
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f105fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test git rev-parse with different parent options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t6000lib.sh # t6xxx specific functions
+
+date >path0
+git update-index --add path0
+save_tag tree git write-tree
+hide_error save_tag start unique_commit "start" tree
+save_tag second unique_commit "second" tree -p start
+hide_error save_tag start2 unique_commit "start2" tree
+save_tag two_parents unique_commit "next" tree -p second -p start2
+save_tag final unique_commit "final" tree -p two_parents
+
+test_expect_success 'start is valid' 'git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"'
+test_expect_success 'start^0' "test $(cat .git/refs/tags/start) = $(git rev-parse start^0)"
+test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify start^1; then false; else :; fi"
+test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' "test $(git rev-parse second^1) = $(git rev-parse second^)"
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse start) = $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1)"
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1) = $(git rev-parse final^^^)"
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2' "test $(git rev-parse start2) = $(git rev-parse final^1^2)"
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)"
+test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify final^1^3; then false; else :; fi"
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' 'test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1'
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' 'git rev-parse --verify start2^0'
+test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^@)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2)\""
+test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^\!)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2)\""
+
+test_expect_success 'repack for next test' 'git repack -a -d'
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 works' '
+	start=`git rev-parse --verify start` &&
+	echo $start &&
+	abbrv=`echo $start | sed s/.\$//` &&
+	echo $abbrv &&
+	abbrv=`git rev-parse --verify $abbrv` &&
+	echo $abbrv &&
+	test $start = $abbrv'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6120-describe.sh b/t/t6120-describe.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..065dead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6120-describe.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test describe
+
+                       B
+        .--------------o----o----o----x
+       /                   /    /
+ o----o----o----o----o----.    /
+       \        A    c        /
+        .------------o---o---o
+                     D   e
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_describe () {
+	expect="$1"
+	shift
+	R=$(git describe "$@" 2>err.actual)
+	S=$?
+	cat err.actual >&3
+	test_expect_success "describe $*" '
+	test $S = 0 &&
+	case "$R" in
+	$expect)	echo happy ;;
+	*)	echo "Oops - $R is not $expect";
+		false ;;
+	esac
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo one >file && git add file && git commit -m initial &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	git describe --always HEAD &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo two >file && git add file && git commit -m second &&
+	two=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo three >file && git add file && git commit -m third &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo A >file && git add file && git commit -m A &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m A A &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo c >file && git add file && git commit -m c &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag c &&
+
+	git reset --hard $two &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo B >side && git add side && git commit -m B &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m B B &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -m Merged c &&
+	merged=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	git reset --hard $two &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo D >another && git add another && git commit -m D &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m D D &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo DD >another && git commit -a -m another &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag e &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo DDD >another && git commit -a -m "yet another" &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -m Merged $merged &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	echo X >file && echo X >side && git add file side &&
+	git commit -m x
+
+'
+
+check_describe A-* HEAD
+check_describe A-* HEAD^
+check_describe D-* HEAD^^
+check_describe A-* HEAD^^2
+check_describe B HEAD^^2^
+check_describe D-* HEAD^^^
+
+check_describe c-* --tags HEAD
+check_describe c-* --tags HEAD^
+check_describe e-* --tags HEAD^^
+check_describe c-* --tags HEAD^^2
+check_describe B --tags HEAD^^2^
+check_describe e --tags HEAD^^^
+
+check_describe heads/master --all HEAD
+check_describe tags/c-* --all HEAD^
+check_describe tags/e --all HEAD^^^
+
+check_describe B-0-* --long HEAD^^2^
+check_describe A-3-* --long HEAD^^2
+
+: >err.expect
+check_describe A --all A^0
+test_expect_success 'no warning was displayed for A' '
+	test_cmp err.expect err.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename tag A to Q locally' '
+	mv .git/refs/tags/A .git/refs/tags/Q
+'
+cat - >err.expect <<EOF
+warning: tag 'A' is really 'Q' here
+EOF
+check_describe A-* HEAD
+test_expect_success 'warning was displayed for Q' '
+	test_cmp err.expect err.actual
+'
+test_expect_success 'rename tag Q back to A' '
+	mv .git/refs/tags/Q .git/refs/tags/A
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack tag refs' 'git pack-refs'
+check_describe A-* HEAD
+
+check_describe "A-*[0-9a-f]" --dirty
+
+test_expect_success 'set-up dirty work tree' '
+	echo >>file
+'
+
+check_describe "A-*[0-9a-f]-dirty" --dirty
+
+check_describe "A-*[0-9a-f].mod" --dirty=.mod
+
+test_expect_success 'describe --dirty HEAD' '
+	test_must_fail git describe --dirty HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set-up matching pattern tests' '
+	git tag -a -m test-annotated test-annotated &&
+	echo >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "one more" &&
+	git tag test1-lightweight &&
+	echo >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "yet another" &&
+	git tag test2-lightweight &&
+	echo >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "even more"
+
+'
+
+check_describe "test-annotated-*" --match="test-*"
+
+check_describe "test1-lightweight-*" --tags --match="test1-*"
+
+check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --tags --match="test2-*"
+
+check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --long --tags --match="test2-*" HEAD^
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..42f6fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='fmt-merge-msg test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+datestamp=1151939923
+setdate () {
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$datestamp +0200"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$datestamp +0200"
+	datestamp=`expr "$datestamp" + 1`
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo one >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+
+	echo uno >one &&
+	echo dos >two &&
+	git add two &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Second" &&
+
+	git checkout -b left &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >one &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Common #1" &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >one &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Common #2" &&
+
+	git branch right &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >two &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Left #3" &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >two &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Left #4" &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >two &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Left #5" &&
+
+	git checkout right &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >three &&
+	git add three &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Right #3" &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >three &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Right #4" &&
+
+	echo $datestamp >three &&
+	setdate &&
+	git commit -a -m "Right #5" &&
+
+	git show-branch
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+Merge branch 'left'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #1' '
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . left &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+Merge branch 'left' of $(pwd)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #2' '
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+Merge branch 'left'
+
+* left:
+  Left #5
+  Left #4
+  Left #3
+  Common #2
+  Common #1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #3-1' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #3-2' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.summary true &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+Merge branches 'left' and 'right'
+
+* left:
+  Left #5
+  Left #4
+  Left #3
+  Common #2
+  Common #1
+
+* right:
+  Right #5
+  Right #4
+  Right #3
+  Common #2
+  Common #1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #4-1' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #4-2' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.summary true &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #5-1' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.log yes &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg test #5-2' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.summary yes &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.summary yes &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg -F .git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
+
+	git config --unset-all merge.log
+	git config --unset-all merge.summary
+	git config merge.summary yes &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	setdate &&
+	git fetch . left right &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	cp .git/FETCH_HEAD sub/FETCH_HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git fmt-merge-msg -F FETCH_HEAD >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8052c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
+#
+
+test_description='for-each-ref test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Mon Jul 3 15:18:43 2006 +0000
+datestamp=1151939923
+setdate_and_increment () {
+    GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$datestamp +0200"
+    datestamp=$(expr "$datestamp" + 1)
+    GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$datestamp +0200"
+    datestamp=$(expr "$datestamp" + 1)
+    export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'Create sample commit with known timestamp' '
+	setdate_and_increment &&
+	echo "Using $datestamp" > one &&
+	git add one &&
+	git commit -m "Initial" &&
+	setdate_and_increment &&
+	git tag -a -m "Tagging at $datestamp" testtag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Create upstream config' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master master &&
+	git remote add origin nowhere &&
+	git config branch.master.remote origin &&
+	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_atom() {
+	case "$1" in
+		head) ref=refs/heads/master ;;
+		 tag) ref=refs/tags/testtag ;;
+	esac
+	printf '%s\n' "$3" >expected
+	test_expect_${4:-success} "basic atom: $1 $2" "
+		git for-each-ref --format='%($2)' $ref >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_atom head refname refs/heads/master
+test_atom head upstream refs/remotes/origin/master
+test_atom head objecttype commit
+test_atom head objectsize 171
+test_atom head objectname 67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581
+test_atom head tree 0e51c00fcb93dffc755546f27593d511e1bdb46f
+test_atom head parent ''
+test_atom head numparent 0
+test_atom head object ''
+test_atom head type ''
+test_atom head author 'A U Thor <author@example.com> 1151939924 +0200'
+test_atom head authorname 'A U Thor'
+test_atom head authoremail '<author@example.com>'
+test_atom head authordate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:44 2006 +0200'
+test_atom head committer 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939923 +0200'
+test_atom head committername 'C O Mitter'
+test_atom head committeremail '<committer@example.com>'
+test_atom head committerdate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:43 2006 +0200'
+test_atom head tag ''
+test_atom head tagger ''
+test_atom head taggername ''
+test_atom head taggeremail ''
+test_atom head taggerdate ''
+test_atom head creator 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939923 +0200'
+test_atom head creatordate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:43 2006 +0200'
+test_atom head subject 'Initial'
+test_atom head body ''
+test_atom head contents 'Initial
+'
+
+test_atom tag refname refs/tags/testtag
+test_atom tag upstream ''
+test_atom tag objecttype tag
+test_atom tag objectsize 154
+test_atom tag objectname 98b46b1d36e5b07909de1b3886224e3e81e87322
+test_atom tag tree ''
+test_atom tag parent ''
+test_atom tag numparent ''
+test_atom tag object '67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581'
+test_atom tag type 'commit'
+test_atom tag author ''
+test_atom tag authorname ''
+test_atom tag authoremail ''
+test_atom tag authordate ''
+test_atom tag committer ''
+test_atom tag committername ''
+test_atom tag committeremail ''
+test_atom tag committerdate ''
+test_atom tag tag 'testtag'
+test_atom tag tagger 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939925 +0200'
+test_atom tag taggername 'C O Mitter'
+test_atom tag taggeremail '<committer@example.com>'
+test_atom tag taggerdate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:45 2006 +0200'
+test_atom tag creator 'C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1151939925 +0200'
+test_atom tag creatordate 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:45 2006 +0200'
+test_atom tag subject 'Tagging at 1151939927'
+test_atom tag body ''
+test_atom tag contents 'Tagging at 1151939927
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check invalid atoms names are errors' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(INVALID)" refs/heads
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format specifiers are ignored in naming date atoms' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:default) %(authordate)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate) %(authordate:default)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:default) %(authordate:default)" refs/heads
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check valid format specifiers for date fields' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:default)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:relative)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:short)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:local)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:iso8601)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:rfc2822)" refs/heads
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check invalid format specifiers are errors' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(authordate:INVALID)" refs/heads
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+'refs/heads/master' 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:43 2006 +0200' 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:44 2006 +0200'
+'refs/tags/testtag' 'Mon Jul 3 17:18:45 2006 +0200'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check unformatted date fields output' '
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate) %(authordate)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "default" formatted date fields output' '
+	f=default &&
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# Don't know how to do relative check because I can't know when this script
+# is going to be run and can't fake the current time to git, and hence can't
+# provide expected output.  Instead, I'll just make sure that "relative"
+# doesn't exit in error
+#
+#cat >expected <<\EOF
+#
+#EOF
+#
+test_expect_success 'Check format "relative" date fields output' '
+	f=relative &&
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+'refs/heads/master' '2006-07-03' '2006-07-03'
+'refs/tags/testtag' '2006-07-03'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "short" date fields output' '
+	f=short &&
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+'refs/heads/master' 'Mon Jul 3 15:18:43 2006' 'Mon Jul 3 15:18:44 2006'
+'refs/tags/testtag' 'Mon Jul 3 15:18:45 2006'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "local" date fields output' '
+	f=local &&
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+'refs/heads/master' '2006-07-03 17:18:43 +0200' '2006-07-03 17:18:44 +0200'
+'refs/tags/testtag' '2006-07-03 17:18:45 +0200'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "iso8601" date fields output' '
+	f=iso8601 &&
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+'refs/heads/master' 'Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:18:43 +0200' 'Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:18:44 +0200'
+'refs/tags/testtag' 'Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:18:45 +0200'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check format "rfc2822" date fields output' '
+	f=rfc2822 &&
+	(git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(committerdate:$f) %(authordate:$f)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname) %(taggerdate:$f)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+refs/heads/master
+refs/remotes/origin/master
+refs/tags/testtag
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Verify ascending sort' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --sort=refname >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+refs/tags/testtag
+refs/remotes/origin/master
+refs/heads/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Verify descending sort' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --sort=-refname >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+'refs/heads/master'
+'refs/remotes/origin/master'
+'refs/tags/testtag'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Quoting style: shell' '
+	git for-each-ref --shell --format="%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Quoting style: perl' '
+	git for-each-ref --perl --format="%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Quoting style: python' '
+	git for-each-ref --python --format="%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+"refs/heads/master"
+"refs/remotes/origin/master"
+"refs/tags/testtag"
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Quoting style: tcl' '
+	git for-each-ref --tcl --format="%(refname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+for i in "--perl --shell" "-s --python" "--python --tcl" "--tcl --perl"; do
+	test_expect_success "more than one quoting style: $i" "
+		git for-each-ref $i 2>&1 | (read line &&
+		case \$line in
+		\"error: more than one quoting style\"*) : happy;;
+		*) false
+		esac)
+	"
+done
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+master
+testtag
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check short refname format' '
+	(git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" refs/heads &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" refs/tags) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+origin/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check short upstream format' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(upstream:short)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check for invalid refname format' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:INVALID)"
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+heads/master
+tags/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs (strict)' '
+	git config --bool core.warnambiguousrefs true &&
+	git checkout -b newtag &&
+	echo "Using $datestamp" > one &&
+	git add one &&
+	git commit -m "Branch" &&
+	setdate_and_increment &&
+	git tag -m "Tagging at $datestamp" master &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/master refs/tags/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+heads/master
+master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs (loose)' '
+	git config --bool core.warnambiguousrefs false &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/master refs/tags/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+heads/ambiguous
+ambiguous
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check ambiguous head and tag refs II (loose)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag ambiguous testtag^0 &&
+	git branch ambiguous testtag^0 &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(refname:short)" refs/heads/ambiguous refs/tags/ambiguous >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'an unusual tag with an incomplete line' '
+
+	git tag -m "bogo" bogo &&
+	bogo=$(git cat-file tag bogo) &&
+	bogo=$(printf "%s" "$bogo" | git mktag) &&
+	git tag -f bogo "$bogo" &&
+	git for-each-ref --format "%(body)" refs/tags/bogo
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..65a35d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git mv in subdirs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'mkdir path0 path1 &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path0/COPYING &&
+     git add path0/COPYING &&
+     git commit -m add -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving the file out of subdirectory' \
+    'cd path0 && git mv COPYING ../path1/COPYING'
+
+# in path0 currently
+test_expect_success \
+    'commiting the change' \
+    'cd .. && git commit -m move-out -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking the commit' \
+    'git diff-tree -r -M --name-status  HEAD^ HEAD | \
+    grep "^R100..*path0/COPYING..*path1/COPYING"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving the file back into subdirectory' \
+    'cd path0 && git mv ../path1/COPYING COPYING'
+
+# in path0 currently
+test_expect_success \
+    'commiting the change' \
+    'cd .. && git commit -m move-in -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking the commit' \
+    'git diff-tree -r -M --name-status  HEAD^ HEAD | \
+    grep "^R100..*path1/COPYING..*path0/COPYING"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking -k on non-existing file' \
+    'git mv -k idontexist path0'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking -k on untracked file' \
+    'touch untracked1 &&
+     git mv -k untracked1 path0 &&
+     test -f untracked1 &&
+     test ! -f path0/untracked1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking -k on multiple untracked files' \
+    'touch untracked2 &&
+     git mv -k untracked1 untracked2 path0 &&
+     test -f untracked1 &&
+     test -f untracked2 &&
+     test ! -f path0/untracked1 &&
+     test ! -f path0/untracked2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking -f on untracked file with existing target' \
+    'touch path0/untracked1 &&
+     git mv -f untracked1 path0
+     test ! -f .git/index.lock &&
+     test -f untracked1 &&
+     test -f path0/untracked1'
+
+# clean up the mess in case bad things happen
+rm -f idontexist untracked1 untracked2 \
+     path0/idontexist path0/untracked1 path0/untracked2 \
+     .git/index.lock
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'adding another file' \
+    'cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../README path0/README &&
+     git add path0/README &&
+     git commit -m add2 -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving whole subdirectory' \
+    'git mv path0 path2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'commiting the change' \
+    'git commit -m dir-move -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking the commit' \
+    'git diff-tree -r -M --name-status  HEAD^ HEAD | \
+     grep "^R100..*path0/COPYING..*path2/COPYING" &&
+     git diff-tree -r -M --name-status  HEAD^ HEAD | \
+     grep "^R100..*path0/README..*path2/README"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'succeed when source is a prefix of destination' \
+    'git mv path2/COPYING path2/COPYING-renamed'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving whole subdirectory into subdirectory' \
+    'git mv path2 path1'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'commiting the change' \
+    'git commit -m dir-move -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking the commit' \
+    'git diff-tree -r -M --name-status  HEAD^ HEAD | \
+     grep "^R100..*path2/COPYING..*path1/path2/COPYING" &&
+     git diff-tree -r -M --name-status  HEAD^ HEAD | \
+     grep "^R100..*path2/README..*path1/path2/README"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'do not move directory over existing directory' \
+    'mkdir path0 && mkdir path0/path2 && test_must_fail git mv path2 path0'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'move into "."' \
+    'git mv path1/path2/ .'
+
+test_expect_success "Michael Cassar's test case" '
+	rm -fr .git papers partA &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir -p papers/unsorted papers/all-papers partA &&
+	echo a > papers/unsorted/Thesis.pdf &&
+	echo b > partA/outline.txt &&
+	echo c > papers/unsorted/_another &&
+	git add papers partA &&
+	T1=`git write-tree` &&
+
+	git mv papers/unsorted/Thesis.pdf papers/all-papers/moo-blah.pdf &&
+
+	T=`git write-tree` &&
+	git ls-tree -r $T | grep partA/outline.txt || {
+		git ls-tree -r $T
+		(exit 1)
+	}
+'
+
+rm -fr papers partA path?
+
+test_expect_success "Sergey Vlasov's test case" '
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir ab &&
+	date >ab.c &&
+	date >ab/d &&
+	git add ab.c ab &&
+	git commit -m 'initial' &&
+	git mv ab a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute pathname' '(
+
+	rm -fr mine &&
+	mkdir mine &&
+	cd mine &&
+	test_create_repo one &&
+	cd one &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	>sub/file &&
+	git add sub/file &&
+
+	git mv sub "$(pwd)/in" &&
+	! test -d sub &&
+	test -d in &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch in/file
+
+
+)'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute pathname outside should fail' '(
+
+	rm -fr mine &&
+	mkdir mine &&
+	cd mine &&
+	out=$(pwd) &&
+	test_create_repo one &&
+	cd one &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	>sub/file &&
+	git add sub/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git mv sub "$out/out" &&
+	test -d sub &&
+	! test -d ../in &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch sub/file
+
+)'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv to move multiple sources into a directory' '
+	rm -fr .git && git init &&
+	mkdir dir other &&
+	>dir/a.txt &&
+	>dir/b.txt &&
+	git add dir/?.txt &&
+	git mv dir/a.txt dir/b.txt other &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	{ echo other/a.txt; echo other/b.txt; } >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv should not change sha1 of moved cache entry' '
+
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	echo 1 >dirty &&
+	git add dirty &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage dirty | cut -f 1)"
+	git mv dirty dirty2 &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage dirty2 | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	echo 2 >dirty2 &&
+	git mv dirty2 dirty &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage dirty | cut -f 1)" ]
+
+'
+
+rm -f dirty dirty2
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
+
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	echo 1 >moved &&
+	ln -s moved symlink &&
+	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_must_fail git mv moved symlink &&
+	git mv -f moved symlink &&
+	! test -e moved &&
+	test -f symlink &&
+	test "$(cat symlink)" = 1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+
+'
+
+rm -f moved symlink
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
+
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	echo 1 >moved &&
+	ln -s moved symlink &&
+	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_must_fail git mv symlink moved &&
+	git mv -f symlink moved &&
+	! test -e symlink &&
+	test -h moved &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+
+'
+
+rm -f moved symlink
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7002-grep.sh b/t/t7002-grep.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7144f81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7002-grep.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git grep various.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >hello.c <<EOF
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	printf("Hello world.\n");
+	return 0;
+	/* char ?? */
+}
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	{
+		echo foo mmap bar
+		echo foo_mmap bar
+		echo foo_mmap bar mmap
+		echo foo mmap bar_mmap
+		echo foo_mmap bar mmap baz
+	} >file &&
+	echo vvv >v &&
+	echo ww w >w &&
+	echo x x xx x >x &&
+	echo y yy >y &&
+	echo zzz > z &&
+	mkdir t &&
+	echo test >t/t &&
+	echo vvv >t/v &&
+	mkdir t/a &&
+	echo vvv >t/a/v &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep should not segfault with a bad input' '
+	test_must_fail git grep "("
+'
+
+for H in HEAD ''
+do
+	case "$H" in
+	HEAD)	HC='HEAD:' L='HEAD' ;;
+	'')	HC= L='in working tree' ;;
+	esac
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -w $L" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}file:1:foo mmap bar
+			echo ${HC}file:3:foo_mmap bar mmap
+			echo ${HC}file:4:foo mmap bar_mmap
+			echo ${HC}file:5:foo_mmap bar mmap baz
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep -n -w -e mmap $H >actual &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (w)" '
+		: >expected &&
+		! git grep -n -w -e "^w" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (x)" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}x:1:x x xx x
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep -n -w -e "x xx* x" $H >actual &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (y-1)" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}y:1:y yy
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep -n -w -e "^y" $H >actual &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (y-2)" '
+		: >expected &&
+		if git grep -n -w -e "^y y" $H >actual
+		then
+			echo should not have matched
+			cat actual
+			false
+		else
+			diff expected actual
+		fi
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (z)" '
+		: >expected &&
+		if git grep -n -w -e "^z" $H >actual
+		then
+			echo should not have matched
+			cat actual
+			false
+		else
+			diff expected actual
+		fi
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L (t-1)" '
+		echo "${HC}t/t:1:test" >expected &&
+		git grep -n -e test $H >actual &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L (t-2)" '
+		echo "${HC}t:1:test" >expected &&
+		(
+			cd t &&
+			git grep -n -e test $H
+		) >actual &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L (t-3)" '
+		echo "${HC}t/t:1:test" >expected &&
+		(
+			cd t &&
+			git grep --full-name -n -e test $H
+		) >actual &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep -c $L (no /dev/null)" '
+		! git grep -c test $H | grep /dev/null
+        '
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --max-depth -1 $L" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}t/a/v:1:vvv
+			echo ${HC}t/v:1:vvv
+			echo ${HC}v:1:vvv
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep --max-depth -1 -n -e vvv $H >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --max-depth 0 $L" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}v:1:vvv
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep --max-depth 0 -n -e vvv $H >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --max-depth 0 -- '*' $L" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}t/a/v:1:vvv
+			echo ${HC}t/v:1:vvv
+			echo ${HC}v:1:vvv
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep --max-depth 0 -n -e vvv $H -- "*" >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --max-depth 1 $L" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}t/v:1:vvv
+			echo ${HC}v:1:vvv
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep --max-depth 1 -n -e vvv $H >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --max-depth 0 -- t $L" '
+		{
+			echo ${HC}t/v:1:vvv
+		} >expected &&
+		git grep --max-depth 0 -n -e vvv $H -- t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+done
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+file:foo mmap bar_mmap
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -e A --and -e B' '
+	git grep -e "foo mmap" --and -e bar_mmap >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap baz
+EOF
+
+
+test_expect_success 'grep ( -e A --or -e B ) --and -e B' '
+	git grep \( -e foo_ --or -e baz \) \
+		--and -e " mmap" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+file:foo mmap bar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -e A --and --not -e B' '
+	git grep -e "foo mmap" --and --not -e bar_mmap >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep should ignore GREP_OPTIONS' '
+	GREP_OPTIONS=-v git grep " mmap bar\$" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -f, non-existent file' '
+	test_must_fail git grep -f patterns
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+file:foo mmap bar
+file:foo_mmap bar
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap
+file:foo mmap bar_mmap
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap baz
+EOF
+
+cat >pattern <<EOF
+mmap
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -f, one pattern' '
+	git grep -f pattern >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+file:foo mmap bar
+file:foo_mmap bar
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap
+file:foo mmap bar_mmap
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap baz
+t/a/v:vvv
+t/v:vvv
+v:vvv
+EOF
+
+cat >patterns <<EOF
+mmap
+vvv
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -f, multiple patterns' '
+	git grep -f patterns >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+file:foo mmap bar
+file:foo_mmap bar
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap
+file:foo mmap bar_mmap
+file:foo_mmap bar mmap baz
+t/a/v:vvv
+t/v:vvv
+v:vvv
+EOF
+
+cat >patterns <<EOF
+
+mmap
+
+vvv
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -f, ignore empty lines' '
+	git grep -f patterns >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+y:y yy
+--
+z:zzz
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -q, silently report matches' '
+	>empty &&
+	git grep -q mmap >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual &&
+	test_must_fail git grep -q qfwfq >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
+# Create 1024 file names that sort between "y" and "z" to make sure
+# the two files are handled by different calls to an external grep.
+# This depends on MAXARGS in builtin-grep.c being 1024 or less.
+c32="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v"
+test_expect_success 'grep -C1, hunk mark between files' '
+	for a in $c32; do for b in $c32; do : >y-$a$b; done; done &&
+	git add y-?? &&
+	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -C1 hunk mark between files' '
+	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep setup' '
+	echo a >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="With * Asterisk" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="xyzzy@frotz.com" \
+	git commit -a -m "second" &&
+
+	echo a >>file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "third"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (1)' '
+	git log --author=author --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (2)' '
+	git log --author=" * " -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (3)' '
+	git log --author="^A U" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (4)' '
+	git log --author="frotz\.com>$" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (5)' '
+	git log --author=Thor -F --grep=Thu --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (6)' '
+	git log --author=-0700  --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep with CE_VALID file' '
+	git update-index --assume-unchanged t/t &&
+	rm t/t &&
+	test "$(git grep test)" = "t/t:test" &&
+	git update-index --no-assume-unchanged t/t &&
+	git checkout t/t
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c=#include <stdio.h>
+hello.c:	return 0;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -p with userdiff' '
+	git config diff.custom.funcname "^#" &&
+	echo "hello.c diff=custom" >.gitattributes &&
+	git grep -p return >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c=int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+hello.c:	return 0;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -p' '
+	rm -f .gitattributes &&
+	git grep -p return >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c-#include <stdio.h>
+hello.c=int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+hello.c-{
+hello.c-	printf("Hello world.\n");
+hello.c:	return 0;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -p -B5' '
+	git grep -p -B5 return >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep from a subdirectory to search wider area (1)' '
+	mkdir -p s &&
+	(
+		cd s && git grep "x x x" ..
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep from a subdirectory to search wider area (2)' '
+	mkdir -p s &&
+	(
+		cd s || exit 1
+		( git grep xxyyzz .. >out ; echo $? >status )
+		! test -s out &&
+		test 1 = $(cat status)
+	)
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c:int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -Fi' '
+	git grep -Fi "CHAR *" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0da13a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git filter-branch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+make_commit () {
+	lower=$(echo $1 | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
+	echo $lower > $lower
+	git add $lower
+	test_tick
+	git commit -m $1
+	git tag $1
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	make_commit A
+	make_commit B
+	git checkout -b branch B
+	make_commit D
+	mkdir dir
+	make_commit dir/D
+	make_commit E
+	git checkout master
+	make_commit C
+	git checkout branch
+	git merge C
+	git tag F
+	make_commit G
+	make_commit H
+'
+
+H=$(git rev-parse H)
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite identically' '
+	git filter-branch branch
+'
+test_expect_success 'result is really identical' '
+	test $H = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite bare repository identically' '
+	(git config core.bare true && cd .git &&
+	 git filter-branch branch > filter-output 2>&1 &&
+	! fgrep fatal filter-output)
+'
+git config core.bare false
+test_expect_success 'result is really identical' '
+	test $H = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+TRASHDIR=$(pwd)
+test_expect_success 'correct GIT_DIR while using -d' '
+	mkdir drepo &&
+	( cd drepo &&
+	git init &&
+	test_commit drepo &&
+	git filter-branch -d "$TRASHDIR/dfoo" \
+		--index-filter "cp \"$TRASHDIR\"/dfoo/backup-refs \"$TRASHDIR\"" \
+	) &&
+	grep drepo "$TRASHDIR/backup-refs"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fail if commit filter fails' '
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "exit 1" HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite, renaming a specific file' '
+	git filter-branch -f --tree-filter "mv d doh || :" HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test that the file was renamed' '
+	test d = "$(git show HEAD:doh --)" &&
+	! test -f d &&
+	test -f doh &&
+	test d = "$(cat doh)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite, renaming a specific directory' '
+	git filter-branch -f --tree-filter "mv dir diroh || :" HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test that the directory was renamed' '
+	test dir/d = "$(git show HEAD:diroh/d --)" &&
+	! test -d dir &&
+	test -d diroh &&
+	! test -d diroh/dir &&
+	test -f diroh/d &&
+	test dir/d = "$(cat diroh/d)"
+'
+
+git tag oldD HEAD~4
+test_expect_success 'rewrite one branch, keeping a side branch' '
+	git branch modD oldD &&
+	git filter-branch -f --tree-filter "mv b boh || :" D..modD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'common ancestor is still common (unchanged)' '
+	test "$(git merge-base modD D)" = "$(git rev-parse B)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter subdirectory only' '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	touch subdir/new &&
+	git add subdir/new &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "subdir" &&
+	echo H > a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "not subdir" a &&
+	echo A > subdir/new &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "again subdir" subdir/new &&
+	git rm a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "again not subdir" &&
+	git branch sub &&
+	git branch sub-earlier HEAD~2 &&
+	git filter-branch -f --subdirectory-filter subdir \
+		refs/heads/sub refs/heads/sub-earlier
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdirectory filter result looks okay' '
+	test 2 = $(git rev-list sub | wc -l) &&
+	git show sub:new &&
+	test_must_fail git show sub:subdir &&
+	git show sub-earlier:new &&
+	test_must_fail git show sub-earlier:subdir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'more setup' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo A > subdir/new &&
+	git add subdir/new &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "subdir on master" subdir/new &&
+	git rm a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "again subdir on master" &&
+	git merge branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use index-filter to move into a subdirectory' '
+	git branch directorymoved &&
+	git filter-branch -f --index-filter \
+		 "git ls-files -s | sed \"s-\\t-&newsubdir/-\" |
+	          GIT_INDEX_FILE=\$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new \
+			git update-index --index-info &&
+		  mv \"\$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new\" \"\$GIT_INDEX_FILE\"" directorymoved &&
+	test -z "$(git diff HEAD directorymoved:newsubdir)"'
+
+test_expect_success 'stops when msg filter fails' '
+	old=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --msg-filter false HEAD &&
+	test $old = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	rm -rf .git-rewrite
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'author information is preserved' '
+	: > i &&
+	git add i &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B V Uips" git commit -m bvuips &&
+	git branch preserved-author &&
+	git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
+			test \$GIT_COMMIT != $(git rev-parse master) || \
+			echo Hallo" \
+		preserved-author &&
+	test 1 = $(git rev-list --author="B V Uips" preserved-author | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success "remove a certain author's commits" '
+	echo i > i &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m i i &&
+	git branch removed-author &&
+	git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "\
+		if [ \"\$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME\" = \"B V Uips\" ];\
+		then\
+			skip_commit \"\$@\";
+		else\
+			git commit-tree \"\$@\";\
+		fi" removed-author &&
+	cnt1=$(git rev-list master | wc -l) &&
+	cnt2=$(git rev-list removed-author | wc -l) &&
+	test $cnt1 -eq $(($cnt2 + 1)) &&
+	test 0 = $(git rev-list --author="B V Uips" removed-author | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'barf on invalid name' '
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f master xy-problem &&
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"map" works in commit filter' '
+	git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "\
+		parent=\$(git rev-parse \$GIT_COMMIT^) &&
+		mapped=\$(map \$parent) &&
+		actual=\$(echo \"\$@\" | sed \"s/^.*-p //\") &&
+		test \$mapped = \$actual &&
+		git commit-tree \"\$@\";" master~2..master &&
+	git rev-parse --verify master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Name needing quotes' '
+
+	git checkout -b rerere A &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	name="れれれ" &&
+	>foo/$name &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "Adding a file" &&
+	git filter-branch --tree-filter "rm -fr foo" &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch "foo/$name" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse --verify rerere) != $(git rev-parse --verify A)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Subdirectory filter with disappearing trees' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	mkdir foo &&
+	touch foo/bar &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Adding foo" &&
+
+	git rm -r foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Removing foo" &&
+
+	mkdir foo &&
+	touch foo/bar &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Re-adding foo" &&
+
+	git filter-branch -f --subdirectory-filter foo &&
+	test $(git rev-list master | wc -l) = 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Tag name filtering retains tag message' '
+	git tag -m atag T &&
+	git cat-file tag T > expect &&
+	git filter-branch -f --tag-name-filter cat &&
+	git cat-file tag T > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+faux_gpg_tag='object XXXXXX
+type commit
+tag S
+tagger T A Gger <tagger@example.com> 1206026339 -0500
+
+This is a faux gpg signed tag.
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+Version: FauxGPG v0.0.0 (FAUX/Linux)
+
+gdsfoewhxu/6l06f1kxyxhKdZkrcbaiOMtkJUA9ITAc1mlamh0ooasxkH1XwMbYQ
+acmwXaWET20H0GeAGP+7vow=
+=agpO
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+'
+test_expect_success 'Tag name filtering strips gpg signature' '
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	sha1t=$(echo "$faux_gpg_tag" | sed -e s/XXXXXX/$sha1/ | git mktag) &&
+	git update-ref "refs/tags/S" "$sha1t" &&
+	echo "$faux_gpg_tag" | sed -e s/XXXXXX/$sha1/ | head -n 6 > expect &&
+	git filter-branch -f --tag-name-filter cat &&
+	git cat-file tag S > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Tag name filtering allows slashes in tag names' '
+	git tag -m tag-with-slash X/1 &&
+	git cat-file tag X/1 | sed -e s,X/1,X/2, > expect &&
+	git filter-branch -f --tag-name-filter "echo X/2" &&
+	git cat-file tag X/2 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Prune empty commits' '
+	git rev-list HEAD > expect &&
+	make_commit to_remove &&
+	git filter-branch -f --index-filter "git update-index --remove to_remove" --prune-empty HEAD &&
+	git rev-list HEAD > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--remap-to-ancestor with filename filters' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard A &&
+	test_commit add-foo foo 1 &&
+	git branch moved-foo &&
+	test_commit add-bar bar a &&
+	git branch invariant &&
+	orig_invariant=$(git rev-parse invariant) &&
+	git branch moved-bar &&
+	test_commit change-foo foo 2 &&
+	git filter-branch -f --remap-to-ancestor \
+		moved-foo moved-bar A..master \
+		-- -- foo &&
+	test $(git rev-parse moved-foo) = $(git rev-parse moved-bar) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse moved-foo) = $(git rev-parse master^) &&
+	test $orig_invariant = $(git rev-parse invariant)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
+	rm -fr ?* .git &&
+	git init &&
+	test_commit file &&
+	mkdir submod &&
+	submodurl="$PWD/submod" &&
+	( cd submod &&
+	  git init &&
+	  test_commit file-in-submod ) &&
+	git submodule add "$submodurl" &&
+	git commit -m "added submodule" &&
+	test_commit add-file &&
+	( cd submod && test_commit add-in-submodule ) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "changed submodule" &&
+	git branch original HEAD
+'
+
+orig_head=`git show-ref --hash --head HEAD`
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite submodule with another content' '
+	git filter-branch --tree-filter "test -d submod && {
+					 rm -rf submod &&
+					 git rm -rf --quiet submod &&
+					 mkdir submod &&
+					 : > submod/file
+					 } || :" HEAD &&
+	test $orig_head != `git show-ref --hash --head HEAD`
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace submodule revision' '
+	git reset --hard original &&
+	git filter-branch -f --tree-filter \
+	    "if git ls-files --error-unmatch -- submod > /dev/null 2>&1
+	     then git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 submod
+	     fi" HEAD &&
+	test $orig_head != `git show-ref --hash --head HEAD`
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..73dbc43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1219 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Carlos Rica
+#
+
+test_description='git tag
+
+Tests for operations with tags.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# creating and listing lightweight tags:
+
+tag_exists () {
+	git show-ref --quiet --verify refs/tags/"$1"
+}
+
+# todo: git tag -l now returns always zero, when fixed, change this test
+test_expect_success 'listing all tags in an empty tree should succeed' '
+	git tag -l &&
+	git tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing all tags in an empty tree should output nothing' '
+	test `git tag -l | wc -l` -eq 0 &&
+	test `git tag | wc -l` -eq 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'looking for a tag in an empty tree should fail' \
+	'! (tag_exists mytag)'
+
+test_expect_success 'creating a tag in an empty tree should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git tag mynotag &&
+	! tag_exists mynotag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'creating a tag for HEAD in an empty tree should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git tag mytaghead HEAD &&
+	! tag_exists mytaghead
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'creating a tag for an unknown revision should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git tag mytagnorev aaaaaaaaaaa &&
+	! tag_exists mytagnorev
+'
+
+# commit used in the tests, test_tick is also called here to freeze the date:
+test_expect_success 'creating a tag using default HEAD should succeed' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo foo >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m Foo &&
+	git tag mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should succeed' '
+	git tag -l &&
+	git tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should output that tag' '
+	test `git tag -l` = mytag &&
+	test `git tag` = mytag
+'
+
+# pattern matching:
+
+test_expect_success 'listing a tag using a matching pattern should succeed' \
+	'git tag -l mytag'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing a tag using a matching pattern should output that tag' \
+	'test `git tag -l mytag` = mytag'
+
+# todo: git tag -l now returns always zero, when fixed, change this test
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags using a non-matching pattern should suceed' \
+	'git tag -l xxx'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags using a non-matching pattern should output nothing' \
+	'test `git tag -l xxx | wc -l` -eq 0'
+
+# special cases for creating tags:
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to create a tag with the name of one existing should fail' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag mytag'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to create a tag with a non-valid name should fail' '
+	test `git tag -l | wc -l` -eq 1 &&
+	test_must_fail git tag "" &&
+	test_must_fail git tag .othertag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag "other tag" &&
+	test_must_fail git tag "othertag^" &&
+	test_must_fail git tag "other~tag" &&
+	test `git tag -l | wc -l` -eq 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'creating a tag using HEAD directly should succeed' '
+	git tag myhead HEAD &&
+	tag_exists myhead
+'
+
+# deleting tags:
+
+test_expect_success 'trying to delete an unknown tag should fail' '
+	! tag_exists unknown-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -d unknown-tag
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+myhead
+mytag
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to delete tags without params should succeed and do nothing' '
+	git tag -l > actual && test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -d &&
+	git tag -l > actual && test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'deleting two existing tags in one command should succeed' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	tag_exists myhead &&
+	git tag -d mytag myhead &&
+	! tag_exists mytag &&
+	! tag_exists myhead
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with the name of another deleted one should succeed' '
+	! tag_exists mytag &&
+	git tag mytag &&
+	tag_exists mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to delete two tags, existing and not, should fail in the 2nd' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	! tag_exists myhead &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -d mytag anothertag &&
+	! tag_exists mytag &&
+	! tag_exists myhead
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trying to delete an already deleted tag should fail' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag -d mytag'
+
+# listing various tags with pattern matching:
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+a1
+aa1
+cba
+t210
+t211
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'listing all tags should print them ordered' '
+	git tag v1.0.1 &&
+	git tag t211 &&
+	git tag aa1 &&
+	git tag v0.2.1 &&
+	git tag v1.1.3 &&
+	git tag cba &&
+	git tag a1 &&
+	git tag v1.0 &&
+	git tag t210 &&
+	git tag -l > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+a1
+aa1
+cba
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags with substring as pattern must print those matching' '
+	rm *a* &&
+	git tag -l "*a*" > current &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0.1
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags with a suffix as pattern must print those matching' '
+	git tag -l "*.1" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+t210
+t211
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags with a prefix as pattern must print those matching' '
+	git tag -l "t21*" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+a1
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags using a name as pattern must print that one matching' '
+	git tag -l a1 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+v1.0
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags using a name as pattern must print that one matching' '
+	git tag -l v1.0 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags with ? in the pattern should print those matching' '
+	git tag -l "v1.?.?" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags using v.* should print nothing because none have v.' '
+	git tag -l "v.*" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing tags using v* should print only those having v' '
+	git tag -l "v*" > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# creating and verifying lightweight tags:
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'a non-annotated tag created without parameters should point to HEAD' '
+	git tag non-annotated-tag &&
+	test $(git cat-file -t non-annotated-tag) = commit &&
+	test $(git rev-parse non-annotated-tag) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'trying to verify an unknown tag should fail' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag -v unknown-tag'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to verify a non-annotated and non-signed tag should fail' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag -v non-annotated-tag'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to verify many non-annotated or unknown tags, should fail' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag -v unknown-tag1 non-annotated-tag unknown-tag2'
+
+# creating annotated tags:
+
+get_tag_msg () {
+	git cat-file tag "$1" | sed -e "/BEGIN PGP/q"
+}
+
+# run test_tick before committing always gives the time in that timezone
+get_tag_header () {
+cat <<EOF
+object $2
+type $3
+tag $1
+tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> $4 -0700
+
+EOF
+}
+
+commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+time=$test_tick
+
+get_tag_header annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo "A message" >>expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating an annotated tag with -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -m "A message" annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >msgfile <<EOF
+Another message
+in a file.
+EOF
+get_tag_header file-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat msgfile >>expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating an annotated tag with -F messagefile should succeed' '
+	git tag -F msgfile file-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg file-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >inputmsg <<EOF
+A message from the
+standard input
+EOF
+get_tag_header stdin-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat inputmsg >>expect
+test_expect_success 'creating an annotated tag with -F - should succeed' '
+	git tag -F - stdin-annotated-tag <inputmsg &&
+	get_tag_msg stdin-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to create a tag with a non-existing -F file should fail' '
+	! test -f nonexistingfile &&
+	! tag_exists notag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -F nonexistingfile notag &&
+	! tag_exists notag
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to create tags giving both -m or -F options should fail' '
+	echo "message file 1" >msgfile1 &&
+	echo "message file 2" >msgfile2 &&
+	! tag_exists msgtag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -m "message 1" -F msgfile1 msgtag &&
+	! tag_exists msgtag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -F msgfile1 -m "message 1" msgtag &&
+	! tag_exists msgtag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -m "message 1" -F msgfile1 \
+		-m "message 2" msgtag &&
+	! tag_exists msgtag
+'
+
+# blank and empty messages:
+
+get_tag_header empty-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with an empty -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -m "" empty-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg empty-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>emptyfile
+get_tag_header emptyfile-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with an empty -F messagefile should succeed' '
+	git tag -F emptyfile emptyfile-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg emptyfile-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+printf '\n\n  \n\t\nLeading blank lines\n' >blanksfile
+printf '\n\t \t  \nRepeated blank lines\n' >>blanksfile
+printf '\n\n\nTrailing spaces      \t  \n' >>blanksfile
+printf '\nTrailing blank lines\n\n\t \n\n' >>blanksfile
+get_tag_header blanks-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat >>expect <<EOF
+Leading blank lines
+
+Repeated blank lines
+
+Trailing spaces
+
+Trailing blank lines
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'extra blanks in the message for an annotated tag should be removed' '
+	git tag -F blanksfile blanks-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blanks-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+get_tag_header blank-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with blank -m message with spaces should succeed' '
+	git tag -m "     " blank-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blank-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+echo '     ' >blankfile
+echo ''      >>blankfile
+echo '  '    >>blankfile
+get_tag_header blankfile-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with blank -F messagefile with spaces should succeed' '
+	git tag -F blankfile blankfile-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blankfile-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+printf '      ' >blanknonlfile
+get_tag_header blanknonlfile-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with -F file of spaces and no newline should succeed' '
+	git tag -F blanknonlfile blanknonlfile-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blanknonlfile-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# messages with commented lines:
+
+cat >commentsfile <<EOF
+# A comment
+
+############
+The message.
+############
+One line.
+
+
+# commented lines
+# commented lines
+
+Another line.
+# comments
+
+Last line.
+EOF
+get_tag_header comments-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat >>expect <<EOF
+The message.
+One line.
+
+Another line.
+
+Last line.
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag using a -F messagefile with #comments should succeed' '
+	git tag -F commentsfile comments-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg comments-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+get_tag_header comment-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with a #comment in the -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -m "#comment" comment-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg comment-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+echo '#comment' >commentfile
+echo ''         >>commentfile
+echo '####'     >>commentfile
+get_tag_header commentfile-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with #comments in the -F messagefile should succeed' '
+	git tag -F commentfile commentfile-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg commentfile-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+printf '#comment' >commentnonlfile
+get_tag_header commentnonlfile-annotated-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'creating a tag with a file of #comment and no newline should succeed' '
+	git tag -F commentnonlfile commentnonlfile-annotated-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg commentnonlfile-annotated-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# listing messages for annotated non-signed tags:
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing the one-line message of a non-signed tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -m "A msg" tag-one-line &&
+
+	echo "tag-one-line" >expect &&
+	git tag -l | grep "^tag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l | grep "^tag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l tag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "tag-one-line    A msg" >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^tag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n -l | grep "^tag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n1 -l tag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n2 -l tag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n999 -l tag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing the zero-lines message of a non-signed tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -m "" tag-zero-lines &&
+
+	echo "tag-zero-lines" >expect &&
+	git tag -l | grep "^tag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l | grep "^tag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l tag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "tag-zero-lines  " >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^tag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n -l | grep "^tag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n1 -l tag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n2 -l tag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n999 -l tag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+echo 'tag line one' >annotagmsg
+echo 'tag line two' >>annotagmsg
+echo 'tag line three' >>annotagmsg
+test_expect_success \
+	'listing many message lines of a non-signed tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -F annotagmsg tag-lines &&
+
+	echo "tag-lines" >expect &&
+	git tag -l | grep "^tag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l | grep "^tag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l tag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "tag-lines       tag line one" >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^tag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n -l | grep "^tag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n1 -l tag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "    tag line two" >>expect &&
+	git tag -n2 -l | grep "^ *tag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n2 -l tag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "    tag line three" >>expect &&
+	git tag -n3 -l | grep "^ *tag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n3 -l tag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n4 -l | grep "^ *tag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n4 -l tag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n99 -l | grep "^ *tag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n99 -l tag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# subsequent tests require gpg; check if it is available
+gpg --version >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
+	say "gpg not found - skipping tag signing and verification tests"
+else
+	# As said here: http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html#q6.19
+	# the gpg version 1.0.6 didn't parse trust packets correctly, so for
+	# that version, creation of signed tags using the generated key fails.
+	case "$(gpg --version)" in
+	'gpg (GnuPG) 1.0.6'*)
+		say "Skipping signed tag tests, because a bug in 1.0.6 version"
+		;;
+	*)
+		test_set_prereq GPG
+		;;
+	esac
+fi
+
+# trying to verify annotated non-signed tags:
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'trying to verify an annotated non-signed tag should fail' '
+	tag_exists annotated-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v annotated-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'trying to verify a file-annotated non-signed tag should fail' '
+	tag_exists file-annotated-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v file-annotated-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'trying to verify two annotated non-signed tags should fail' '
+	tag_exists annotated-tag file-annotated-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v annotated-tag file-annotated-tag
+'
+
+# creating and verifying signed tags:
+
+# key generation info: gpg --homedir t/t7004 --gen-key
+# Type DSA and Elgamal, size 2048 bits, no expiration date.
+# Name and email: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+# No password given, to enable non-interactive operation.
+
+cp -R "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7004 ./gpghome
+chmod 0700 gpghome
+GNUPGHOME="$(pwd)/gpghome"
+export GNUPGHOME
+
+get_tag_header signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo 'A signed tag message' >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG 'creating a signed tag with -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "A signed tag message" signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+get_tag_header u-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo 'Another message' >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG 'sign with a given key id' '
+
+	git tag -u committer@example.com -m "Another message" u-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg u-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'sign with an unknown id (1)' '
+
+	test_must_fail git tag -u author@example.com \
+		-m "Another message" o-signed-tag
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'sign with an unknown id (2)' '
+
+	test_must_fail git tag -u DEADBEEF -m "Another message" o-signed-tag
+
+'
+
+cat >fakeeditor <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+test -n "$1" && exec >"$1"
+echo A signed tag message
+echo from a fake editor.
+EOF
+chmod +x fakeeditor
+
+get_tag_header implied-sign $commit commit $time >expect
+./fakeeditor >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG '-u implies signed tag' '
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -u CDDE430D implied-sign &&
+	get_tag_msg implied-sign >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >sigmsgfile <<EOF
+Another signed tag
+message in a file.
+EOF
+get_tag_header file-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat sigmsgfile >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with -F messagefile should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigmsgfile file-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg file-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >siginputmsg <<EOF
+A signed tag message from
+the standard input
+EOF
+get_tag_header stdin-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat siginputmsg >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG 'creating a signed tag with -F - should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F - stdin-signed-tag <siginputmsg &&
+	get_tag_msg stdin-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+get_tag_header implied-annotate $commit commit $time >expect
+./fakeeditor >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG '-s implies annotated tag' '
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -s implied-annotate &&
+	get_tag_msg implied-annotate >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'trying to create a signed tag with non-existing -F file should fail' '
+	! test -f nonexistingfile &&
+	! tag_exists nosigtag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -s -F nonexistingfile nosigtag &&
+	! tag_exists nosigtag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verifying a signed tag should succeed' \
+	'git tag -v signed-tag'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verifying two signed tags in one command should succeed' \
+	'git tag -v signed-tag file-signed-tag'
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'verifying many signed and non-signed tags should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git tag -v signed-tag annotated-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v file-annotated-tag file-signed-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v annotated-tag \
+		file-signed-tag file-annotated-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v signed-tag annotated-tag file-signed-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'verifying a forged tag should fail' '
+	forged=$(git cat-file tag signed-tag |
+		sed -e "s/signed-tag/forged-tag/" |
+		git mktag) &&
+	git tag forged-tag $forged &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -v forged-tag
+'
+
+# blank and empty messages for signed tags:
+
+get_tag_header empty-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with an empty -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "" empty-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg empty-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v empty-signed-tag
+'
+
+>sigemptyfile
+get_tag_header emptyfile-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with an empty -F messagefile should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigemptyfile emptyfile-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg emptyfile-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v emptyfile-signed-tag
+'
+
+printf '\n\n  \n\t\nLeading blank lines\n' > sigblanksfile
+printf '\n\t \t  \nRepeated blank lines\n' >>sigblanksfile
+printf '\n\n\nTrailing spaces      \t  \n' >>sigblanksfile
+printf '\nTrailing blank lines\n\n\t \n\n' >>sigblanksfile
+get_tag_header blanks-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat >>expect <<EOF
+Leading blank lines
+
+Repeated blank lines
+
+Trailing spaces
+
+Trailing blank lines
+EOF
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'extra blanks in the message for a signed tag should be removed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigblanksfile blanks-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blanks-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v blanks-signed-tag
+'
+
+get_tag_header blank-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with a blank -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "     " blank-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blank-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v blank-signed-tag
+'
+
+echo '     ' >sigblankfile
+echo ''      >>sigblankfile
+echo '  '    >>sigblankfile
+get_tag_header blankfile-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with blank -F file with spaces should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigblankfile blankfile-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blankfile-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v blankfile-signed-tag
+'
+
+printf '      ' >sigblanknonlfile
+get_tag_header blanknonlfile-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with spaces and no newline should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigblanknonlfile blanknonlfile-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg blanknonlfile-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v signed-tag
+'
+
+# messages with commented lines for signed tags:
+
+cat >sigcommentsfile <<EOF
+# A comment
+
+############
+The message.
+############
+One line.
+
+
+# commented lines
+# commented lines
+
+Another line.
+# comments
+
+Last line.
+EOF
+get_tag_header comments-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+cat >>expect <<EOF
+The message.
+One line.
+
+Another line.
+
+Last line.
+EOF
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with a -F file with #comments should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigcommentsfile comments-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg comments-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v comments-signed-tag
+'
+
+get_tag_header comment-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with #commented -m message should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "#comment" comment-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg comment-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v comment-signed-tag
+'
+
+echo '#comment' >sigcommentfile
+echo ''         >>sigcommentfile
+echo '####'     >>sigcommentfile
+get_tag_header commentfile-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with #commented -F messagefile should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigcommentfile commentfile-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg commentfile-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v commentfile-signed-tag
+'
+
+printf '#comment' >sigcommentnonlfile
+get_tag_header commentnonlfile-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag with a #comment and no newline should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigcommentnonlfile commentnonlfile-signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg commentnonlfile-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -v commentnonlfile-signed-tag
+'
+
+# listing messages for signed tags:
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'listing the one-line message of a signed tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "A message line signed" stag-one-line &&
+
+	echo "stag-one-line" >expect &&
+	git tag -l | grep "^stag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l | grep "^stag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l stag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "stag-one-line   A message line signed" >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^stag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n -l | grep "^stag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n1 -l stag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n2 -l stag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n999 -l stag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'listing the zero-lines message of a signed tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "" stag-zero-lines &&
+
+	echo "stag-zero-lines" >expect &&
+	git tag -l | grep "^stag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l | grep "^stag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l stag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "stag-zero-lines " >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^stag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n -l | grep "^stag-zero-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n1 -l stag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n2 -l stag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n999 -l stag-zero-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+echo 'stag line one' >sigtagmsg
+echo 'stag line two' >>sigtagmsg
+echo 'stag line three' >>sigtagmsg
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'listing many message lines of a signed tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -F sigtagmsg stag-lines &&
+
+	echo "stag-lines" >expect &&
+	git tag -l | grep "^stag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l | grep "^stag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 -l stag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "stag-lines      stag line one" >expect &&
+	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^stag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n -l | grep "^stag-lines" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n1 -l stag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "    stag line two" >>expect &&
+	git tag -n2 -l | grep "^ *stag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n2 -l stag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "    stag line three" >>expect &&
+	git tag -n3 -l | grep "^ *stag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n3 -l stag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n4 -l | grep "^ *stag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n4 -l stag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n99 -l | grep "^ *stag.line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n99 -l stag-lines >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# tags pointing to objects different from commits:
+
+tree=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree})
+blob=$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)
+tag=$(git rev-parse signed-tag 2>/dev/null)
+
+get_tag_header tree-signed-tag $tree tree $time >expect
+echo "A message for a tree" >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag pointing to a tree should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "A message for a tree" tree-signed-tag HEAD^{tree} &&
+	get_tag_msg tree-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+get_tag_header blob-signed-tag $blob blob $time >expect
+echo "A message for a blob" >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag pointing to a blob should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "A message for a blob" blob-signed-tag HEAD:foo &&
+	get_tag_msg blob-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+get_tag_header tag-signed-tag $tag tag $time >expect
+echo "A message for another tag" >>expect
+echo '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' >>expect
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'creating a signed tag pointing to another tag should succeed' '
+	git tag -s -m "A message for another tag" tag-signed-tag signed-tag &&
+	get_tag_msg tag-signed-tag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# try to sign with bad user.signingkey
+git config user.signingkey BobTheMouse
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'git tag -s fails if gpg is misconfigured' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag -s -m tail tag-gpg-failure'
+git config --unset user.signingkey
+
+# try to verify without gpg:
+
+rm -rf gpghome
+test_expect_success GPG \
+	'verify signed tag fails when public key is not present' \
+	'test_must_fail git tag -v signed-tag'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'git tag -a fails if tag annotation is empty' '
+	! (GIT_EDITOR=cat git tag -a initial-comment)
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'message in editor has initial comment' '
+	GIT_EDITOR=cat git tag -a initial-comment > actual
+	# check the first line --- should be empty
+	first=$(sed -e 1q <actual) &&
+	test -z "$first" &&
+	# remove commented lines from the remainder -- should be empty
+	rest=$(sed -e 1d -e '/^#/d' <actual) &&
+	test -z "$rest"
+'
+
+get_tag_header reuse $commit commit $time >expect
+echo "An annotation to be reused" >> expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'overwriting an annoted tag should use its previous body' '
+	git tag -a -m "An annotation to be reused" reuse &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=true git tag -f -a reuse &&
+	get_tag_msg reuse >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filename for the message is relative to cwd' '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo "Tag message in top directory" >msgfile-5 &&
+	echo "Tag message in sub directory" >subdir/msgfile-5 &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git tag -a -F msgfile-5 tag-from-subdir
+	) &&
+	git cat-file tag tag-from-subdir | grep "in sub directory"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filename for the message is relative to cwd' '
+	echo "Tag message in sub directory" >subdir/msgfile-6 &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git tag -a -F msgfile-6 tag-from-subdir-2
+	) &&
+	git cat-file tag tag-from-subdir-2 | grep "in sub directory"
+'
+
+# create a few more commits to test --contains
+
+hash1=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+test_expect_success 'creating second commit and tag' '
+	echo foo-2.0 >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m second
+	git tag v2.0
+'
+
+hash2=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+test_expect_success 'creating third commit without tag' '
+	echo foo-dev >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m third
+'
+
+hash3=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+# simple linear checks of --continue
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+v2.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (hash)' "
+	git tag -l --contains $hash1 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+# other ways of specifying the commit
+test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (tag)' "
+	git tag -l --contains v1.0 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (relative)' "
+	git tag -l --contains HEAD~2 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v2.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that second commit only has one tag' "
+	git tag -l --contains $hash2 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that third commit has no tags' "
+	git tag -l --contains $hash3 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+# how about a simple merge?
+
+test_expect_success 'creating simple branch' '
+	git branch stable v2.0 &&
+        git checkout stable &&
+	echo foo-3.0 > foo &&
+	git commit foo -m fourth
+	git tag v3.0
+'
+
+hash4=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v3.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that branch head only has one tag' "
+	git tag -l --contains $hash4 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'merging original branch into this branch' '
+	git merge --strategy=ours master &&
+        git tag v4.0
+'
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v4.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that original branch head has one tag now' "
+	git tag -l --contains $hash3 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+v2.0
+v3.0
+v4.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that initial commit is in all tags' "
+	git tag -l --contains $hash1 v* >actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+# mixing modes and options:
+
+test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
+	test_must_fail git tag -a
+	test_must_fail git tag -l -v
+	test_must_fail git tag -n 100
+	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg
+	test_must_fail git tag -l -F some file
+	test_must_fail git tag -v -s
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7004/pubring.gpg b/t/t7004/pubring.gpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83855fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7004/pubring.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t7004/random_seed b/t/t7004/random_seed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fed133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7004/random_seed
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t7004/secring.gpg b/t/t7004/secring.gpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d831cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7004/secring.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t7004/trustdb.gpg b/t/t7004/trustdb.gpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abace96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7004/trustdb.gpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/t7005-editor.sh b/t/t7005-editor.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5257f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7005-editor.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, and stuff'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+unset EDITOR VISUAL GIT_EDITOR
+
+test_expect_success 'determine default editor' '
+
+	vi=$(TERM=vt100 git var GIT_EDITOR) &&
+	test -n "$vi"
+
+'
+
+if ! expr "$vi" : '^[a-z]*$' >/dev/null
+then
+	vi=
+fi
+
+for i in GIT_EDITOR core_editor EDITOR VISUAL $vi
+do
+	cat >e-$i.sh <<-EOF
+	#!$SHELL_PATH
+	echo "Edited by $i" >"\$1"
+	EOF
+	chmod +x e-$i.sh
+done
+
+if ! test -z "$vi"
+then
+	mv e-$vi.sh $vi
+fi
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	msg="Hand-edited" &&
+	test_commit "$msg" &&
+	echo "$msg" >expect &&
+	git show -s --format=%s > actual &&
+	diff actual expect
+
+'
+
+TERM=dumb
+export TERM
+test_expect_success 'dumb should error out when falling back on vi' '
+
+	if git commit --amend
+	then
+		echo "Oops?"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dumb should prefer EDITOR to VISUAL' '
+
+	EDITOR=./e-EDITOR.sh &&
+	VISUAL=./e-VISUAL.sh &&
+	export EDITOR VISUAL &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	test "$(git show -s --format=%s)" = "Edited by EDITOR"
+
+'
+
+TERM=vt100
+export TERM
+for i in $vi EDITOR VISUAL core_editor GIT_EDITOR
+do
+	echo "Edited by $i" >expect
+	unset EDITOR VISUAL GIT_EDITOR
+	git config --unset-all core.editor
+	case "$i" in
+	core_editor)
+		git config core.editor ./e-core_editor.sh
+		;;
+	[A-Z]*)
+		eval "$i=./e-$i.sh"
+		export $i
+		;;
+	esac
+	test_expect_success "Using $i" '
+		git --exec-path=. commit --amend &&
+		git show -s --pretty=oneline |
+		sed -e "s/^[0-9a-f]* //" >actual &&
+		diff actual expect
+	'
+done
+
+unset EDITOR VISUAL GIT_EDITOR
+git config --unset-all core.editor
+for i in $vi EDITOR VISUAL core_editor GIT_EDITOR
+do
+	echo "Edited by $i" >expect
+	case "$i" in
+	core_editor)
+		git config core.editor ./e-core_editor.sh
+		;;
+	[A-Z]*)
+		eval "$i=./e-$i.sh"
+		export $i
+		;;
+	esac
+	test_expect_success "Using $i (override)" '
+		git --exec-path=. commit --amend &&
+		git show -s --pretty=oneline |
+		sed -e "s/^[0-9a-f]* //" >actual &&
+		diff actual expect
+	'
+done
+
+if ! echo 'echo space > "$1"' > "e space.sh"
+then
+	say "Skipping; FS does not support spaces in filenames"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'editor with a space' '
+
+	chmod a+x "e space.sh" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="./e\ space.sh" git commit --amend &&
+	test space = "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%s)"
+
+'
+
+unset GIT_EDITOR
+test_expect_success 'core.editor with a space' '
+
+	git config core.editor \"./e\ space.sh\" &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	test space = "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%s)"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7007-show.sh b/t/t7007-show.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cce222f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7007-show.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git show'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello world >foo &&
+	H=$(git hash-object -w foo) &&
+	git tag -a foo-tag -m "Tags $H" $H &&
+	HH=$(expr "$H" : "\(..\)") &&
+	H38=$(expr "$H" : "..\(.*\)") &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/$HH/$H38
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a tag that point at a missing object' '
+	test_must_fail git --no-pager show foo-tag
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7010-setup.sh b/t/t7010-setup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d8a7c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7010-setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='setup taking and sanitizing funny paths'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	mkdir -p a/b/c a/e &&
+	D=$(pwd) &&
+	>a/b/c/d &&
+	>a/e/f
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git add (absolute)' '
+
+	git add "$D/a/b/c/d" &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	echo a/b/c/d >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git add (funny relative)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	(
+		cd a/b &&
+		git add "../e/./f"
+	) &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	echo a/e/f >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git rm (absolute)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git rm -f --cached "$D/a/b/c/d" &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	echo a/e/f >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git rm (funny relative)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	(
+		cd a/b &&
+		git rm -f --cached "../e/./f"
+	) &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	echo a/b/c/d >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files (absolute)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git ls-files "$D/a/e/../b" >current &&
+	echo a/b/c/d >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files (relative #1)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	(
+		cd a/b &&
+		git ls-files "../b/c"
+	)  >current &&
+	echo c/d >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files (relative #2)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	(
+		cd a/b &&
+		git ls-files --full-name "../e/f"
+	)  >current &&
+	echo a/e/f >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files (relative #3)' '
+
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	(
+		cd a/b &&
+		if git ls-files "../e/f"
+		then
+			echo Gaah, should have failed
+			exit 1
+		else
+			: happy
+		fi
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit using absolute path names' '
+	git commit -m "foo" &&
+	echo aa >>a/b/c/d &&
+	git commit -m "aa" "$(pwd)/a/b/c/d"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log using absolute path names' '
+	echo bb >>a/b/c/d &&
+	git commit -m "bb" "$(pwd)/a/b/c/d" &&
+
+	git log a/b/c/d >f1.txt &&
+	git log "$(pwd)/a/b/c/d" >f2.txt &&
+	test_cmp f1.txt f2.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame using absolute path names' '
+	git blame a/b/c/d >f1.txt &&
+	git blame "$(pwd)/a/b/c/d" >f2.txt &&
+	test_cmp f1.txt f2.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup deeper work tree' '
+	test_create_repo tester
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a directory outside the work tree' '(
+	cd tester &&
+	d1="$(cd .. ; pwd)" &&
+	test_must_fail git add "$d1"
+)'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'add a file outside the work tree, nasty case 1' '(
+	cd tester &&
+	f="$(pwd)x" &&
+	echo "$f" &&
+	touch "$f" &&
+	test_must_fail git add "$f"
+)'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a file outside the work tree, nasty case 2' '(
+	cd tester &&
+	f="$(pwd | sed "s/.$//")x" &&
+	echo "$f" &&
+	touch "$f" &&
+	test_must_fail git add "$f"
+)'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bb4066f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy
+#
+
+test_description='skip-worktree bit test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect.full <<EOF
+H 1
+H 2
+H init.t
+H sub/1
+H sub/2
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.skip <<EOF
+S 1
+H 2
+H init.t
+S sub/1
+H sub/2
+EOF
+
+NULL_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+ZERO_SHA0=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+setup_absent() {
+	test -f 1 && rm 1
+	git update-index --remove 1 &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $NULL_SHA1 1 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1
+}
+
+test_absent() {
+	echo "100644 $NULL_SHA1 0	1" > expected &&
+	git ls-files --stage 1 > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	test ! -f 1
+}
+
+setup_dirty() {
+	git update-index --force-remove 1 &&
+	echo dirty > 1 &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $NULL_SHA1 1 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1
+}
+
+test_dirty() {
+	echo "100644 $NULL_SHA1 0	1" > expected &&
+	git ls-files --stage 1 > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	echo dirty > expected
+	test_cmp expected 1
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit init &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	touch ./1 ./2 sub/1 sub/2 &&
+	git add 1 2 sub/1 sub/2 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1 sub/1 &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expect.skip result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	git update-index 1 &&
+	test_absent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	git update-index 1 &&
+	test_dirty
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --remove' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	git update-index --remove 1 &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files 1)" &&
+	test ! -f 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-index --remove' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	git update-index --remove 1 &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files 1)" &&
+	echo dirty > expected &&
+	test_cmp expected 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --modified' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -m)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --modified' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	test -z "$(git ls-files -m)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep with skip-worktree file' '
+	git update-index --no-skip-worktree 1 &&
+	echo test > 1 &&
+	git update-index 1 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1 &&
+	rm 1 &&
+	test "$(git grep --no-ext-grep test)" = "1:test"
+'
+
+echo ":000000 100644 $ZERO_SHA0 $NULL_SHA1 A	1" > expected
+test_expect_success 'diff-index does not examine skip-worktree absent entries' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	git diff-index HEAD -- 1 > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index does not examine skip-worktree dirty entries' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	git diff-index HEAD -- 1 > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files does not examine skip-worktree absent entries' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-files -- one)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files does not examine skip-worktree dirty entries' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-files -- one)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-rm succeeds on skip-worktree absent entries' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	git rm 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit on skip-worktree absent entries' '
+	git reset &&
+	setup_absent &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m null 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit on skip-worktree dirty entries' '
+	git reset &&
+	setup_dirty &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m null 1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7012-skip-worktree-writing.sh b/t/t7012-skip-worktree-writing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8d8b1c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7012-skip-worktree-writing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy
+#
+
+test_description='test worktree writing operations when skip-worktree is used'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit init &&
+	echo modified >> init.t &&
+	touch added &&
+	git add init.t added &&
+	git commit -m "modified and added" &&
+	git tag top
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree updates worktree, absent case' '
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree init.t &&
+	rm init.t &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	echo init > expected &&
+	test_cmp expected init.t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree updates worktree, dirty case' '
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree init.t &&
+	echo dirty >> init.t &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	grep -q dirty init.t &&
+	test "$(git ls-files -t init.t)" = "S init.t" &&
+	git update-index --no-skip-worktree init.t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree removes worktree, absent case' '
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree added &&
+	rm added &&
+	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	test ! -f added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree removes worktree, dirty case' '
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree added &&
+	echo dirty >> added &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
+	grep -q dirty added &&
+	test "$(git ls-files -t added)" = "S added" &&
+	git update-index --no-skip-worktree added
+'
+
+NULL_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+ZERO_SHA0=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+setup_absent() {
+	test -f 1 && rm 1
+	git update-index --remove 1 &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $NULL_SHA1 1 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1
+}
+
+test_absent() {
+	echo "100644 $NULL_SHA1 0	1" > expected &&
+	git ls-files --stage 1 > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	test ! -f 1
+}
+
+setup_dirty() {
+	git update-index --force-remove 1 &&
+	echo dirty > 1 &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $NULL_SHA1 1 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1
+}
+
+test_dirty() {
+	echo "100644 $NULL_SHA1 0	1" > expected &&
+	git ls-files --stage 1 > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result &&
+	echo dirty > expected
+	test_cmp expected 1
+}
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+S 1
+H 2
+H init.t
+S sub/1
+H sub/2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'index setup' '
+	git checkout -f init &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	touch ./1 ./2 sub/1 sub/2 &&
+	git add 1 2 sub/1 sub/2 &&
+	git update-index --skip-worktree 1 sub/1 &&
+	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-add ignores worktree content' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	git add 1 &&
+	test_absent
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-add ignores worktree content' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	git add 1 &&
+	test_dirty
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-rm fails if worktree is dirty' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	test_must_fail git rm 1 &&
+	test_dirty
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+Would remove expected
+Would remove result
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'git-clean, absent case' '
+	setup_absent &&
+	git clean -n > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-clean, dirty case' '
+	setup_dirty &&
+	git clean -n > result &&
+	test_cmp expected result
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'git-apply adds file' false
+test_expect_failure 'git-apply updates file' false
+test_expect_failure 'git-apply removes file' false
+test_expect_failure 'git-mv to skip-worktree' false
+test_expect_failure 'git-mv from skip-worktree' false
+test_expect_failure 'git-checkout' false
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fcac472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic work tree status reporting'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A &&
+	test_commit B oneside added &&
+	git checkout A^0 &&
+	test_commit C oneside created
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A/A conflict' '
+	git checkout B^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge C
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Report path with conflict' '
+	git diff --cached --name-status >actual &&
+	echo "U	oneside" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Report new path with conflict' '
+	git diff --cached --name-status HEAD^ >actual &&
+	echo "U	oneside" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch side
+# Unmerged paths:
+#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+#
+#	deleted by us:      foo
+#
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
+	mkdir mdconflict &&
+	(
+		cd mdconflict &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit initial foo "" &&
+		test_commit modify foo foo &&
+		git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+		git rm foo &&
+		git commit -m delete &&
+		test_must_fail git merge master &&
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run >../actual &&
+		test_cmp ../expect ../actual &&
+		git status >../actual &&
+		test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7101-reset.sh b/t/t7101-reset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..96e163f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7101-reset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='git reset should cull empty subdirs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'creating initial files' \
+    'mkdir path0 &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path0/COPYING &&
+     git add path0/COPYING &&
+     git commit -m add -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'creating second files' \
+    'mkdir path1 &&
+     mkdir path1/path2 &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path1/path2/COPYING &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path1/COPYING &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING COPYING &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path0/COPYING-TOO &&
+     git add path1/path2/COPYING &&
+     git add path1/COPYING &&
+     git add COPYING &&
+     git add path0/COPYING-TOO &&
+     git commit -m change -a'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'resetting tree HEAD^' \
+    'git reset --hard HEAD^'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking initial files exist after rewind' \
+    'test -d path0 &&
+     test -f path0/COPYING'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking lack of path1/path2/COPYING' \
+    '! test -f path1/path2/COPYING'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking lack of path1/COPYING' \
+    '! test -f path1/COPYING'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking lack of COPYING' \
+    '! test -f COPYING'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking checking lack of path1/COPYING-TOO' \
+    '! test -f path0/COPYING-TOO'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking lack of path1/path2' \
+    '! test -d path1/path2'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checking lack of path1' \
+    '! test -d path1'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b8cf260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Carlos Rica
+#
+
+test_description='git reset
+
+Documented tests for git reset'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "1st file" >first &&
+	git add first &&
+	git commit -m "create 1st file" &&
+
+	echo "2nd file" >second &&
+	git add second &&
+	git commit -m "create 2nd file" &&
+
+	echo "2nd line 1st file" >>first &&
+	git commit -a -m "modify 1st file" &&
+
+	git rm first &&
+	git mv second secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "remove 1st and rename 2nd" &&
+
+	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
+	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file"
+'
+# git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
+
+check_changes () {
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$1" &&
+	git diff | test_cmp .diff_expect - &&
+	git diff --cached | test_cmp .cached_expect - &&
+	for FILE in *
+	do
+		echo $FILE':'
+		cat $FILE || return
+	done | test_cmp .cat_expect -
+}
+
+>.diff_expect
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'giving a non existing revision should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git reset aaaaaa &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --mixed aaaaaa &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft aaaaaa &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard aaaaaa &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
+	touch .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	echo "100644 44c5b5884550c17758737edcced463447b91d42b 1	un" |
+		git update-index --index-info &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD &&
+	rm .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
+	git rm --cached -- un
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'giving paths with options different than --mixed should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft -- first &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard -- first &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD^ -- first &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^ -- first &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git reset --other &&
+	test_must_fail git reset -o &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --mixed --other &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --mixed -o &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft --other &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft -o &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard --other &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard -o &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to do reset --soft with pending merge should fail' '
+	git branch branch1 &&
+	git branch branch2 &&
+
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+	echo "3rd line in branch1" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "change in branch1" &&
+
+	git checkout branch2 &&
+	echo "3rd line in branch2" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft &&
+
+	printf "1st line 2nd file\n2nd line 2nd file\n3rd line" >secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "the change in branch2" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'trying to do reset --soft with pending checkout merge should fail' '
+	git branch branch3 &&
+	git branch branch4 &&
+
+	git checkout branch3 &&
+	echo "3rd line in branch3" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "line in branch3" &&
+
+	git checkout branch4 &&
+	echo "3rd line in branch4" >>secondfile &&
+
+	git checkout -m branch3 &&
+	test_must_fail git reset --soft &&
+
+	printf "1st line 2nd file\n2nd line 2nd file\n3rd line" >secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "the line in branch3" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D branch3 branch4 &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'resetting to HEAD with no changes should succeed and do nothing' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset --soft &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset --soft HEAD &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset --mixed &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset --mixed HEAD &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	git reset HEAD &&
+		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+cat >.cached_expect <<EOF
+diff --git a/secondfile b/secondfile
+index 1bbba79..44c5b58 100644
+--- a/secondfile
++++ b/secondfile
+@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+-2nd file
++1st line 2nd file
++2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success '--soft reset only should show changes in diff --cached' '
+	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
+	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
+			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+3rd line 2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'changing files and redo the last commit should succeed' '
+	echo "3rd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -C ORIG_HEAD &&
+	check_changes 3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
+			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+first:
+1st file
+2nd line 1st file
+second:
+2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'--hard reset should change the files and undo commits permanently' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
+	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
+			3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+cat >.cached_expect <<EOF
+diff --git a/first b/first
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 8206c22..0000000
+--- a/first
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
+-1st file
+-2nd line 1st file
+diff --git a/second b/second
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 1bbba79..0000000
+--- a/second
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-2nd file
+diff --git a/secondfile b/secondfile
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..44c5b58
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/secondfile
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++1st line 2nd file
++2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'redoing changes adding them without commit them should succeed' '
+	git rm first &&
+	git mv second secondfile &&
+
+	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
+	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
+	git add secondfile &&
+	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e
+'
+
+cat >.diff_expect <<EOF
+diff --git a/first b/first
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 8206c22..0000000
+--- a/first
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
+-1st file
+-2nd line 1st file
+diff --git a/second b/second
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 1bbba79..0000000
+--- a/second
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-2nd file
+EOF
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success '--mixed reset to HEAD should unadd the files' '
+	git reset &&
+	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
+			ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'redoing the last two commits should succeed' '
+	git add secondfile &&
+	git reset --hard ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
+
+	git rm first &&
+	git mv second secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "remove 1st and rename 2nd" &&
+
+	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
+	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+3rd line in branch2
+EOF
+test_expect_success '--hard reset to HEAD should clear a failed merge' '
+	git branch branch1 &&
+	git branch branch2 &&
+
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+	echo "3rd line in branch1" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "change in branch1" &&
+
+	git checkout branch2 &&
+	echo "3rd line in branch2" >>secondfile &&
+	git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git pull . branch1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	check_changes 77abb337073fb4369a7ad69ff6f5ec0e4d6b54bb
+'
+
+>.diff_expect
+>.cached_expect
+cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
+secondfile:
+1st line 2nd file
+2nd line 2nd file
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'--hard reset to ORIG_HEAD should clear a fast-forward merge' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+
+	git pull . branch1 &&
+	git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
+	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+index d00491f..7ed6ff8 100644
+--- a/file1
++++ b/file1
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-1
++5
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 0cfbf08..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+-2
+EOF
+cat > cached_expect << EOF
+diff --git a/file4 b/file4
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b8626c4
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file4
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++4
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'test --mixed <paths>' '
+	echo 1 > file1 &&
+	echo 2 > file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m files &&
+	git rm file2 &&
+	echo 3 > file3 &&
+	echo 4 > file4 &&
+	echo 5 > file1 &&
+	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git diff > output &&
+	test_cmp output expect &&
+	git diff --cached > output &&
+	test_cmp output cached_expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test resetting the index at give paths' '
+
+	mkdir sub &&
+	>sub/file1 &&
+	>sub/file2 &&
+	git update-index --add sub/file1 sub/file2 &&
+	T=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	U=$(git write-tree) &&
+	echo "$T" &&
+	echo "$U" &&
+	test_must_fail git diff-index --cached --exit-code "$T" &&
+	test "$T" != "$U"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resetting an unmodified path is a no-op' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git reset -- file1 &&
+	git diff-files --exit-code &&
+	git diff-index --cached --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+Unstaged changes after reset:
+M	file2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--mixed refreshes the index' '
+	echo 123 >> file2 &&
+	git reset --mixed HEAD > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguation (1)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>secondfile &&
+	git add secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
+	test -f secondfile &&
+	test ! -s secondfile
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguation (2)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>secondfile &&
+	git add secondfile &&
+	rm -f secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	test -n "$(git diff --cached --name-only -- secondfile)" &&
+	test ! -f secondfile
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguation (3)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>secondfile &&
+	git add secondfile &&
+	rm -f secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
+	test ! -f secondfile
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguation (4)' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>secondfile &&
+	git add secondfile &&
+	rm -f secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git reset -- secondfile &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
+	test ! -f secondfile
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh b/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..afb55b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7103-reset-bare.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset in a bare repository'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup non-bare' '
+	echo one >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo two >file &&
+	git commit -a -m two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hard reset requires a worktree' '
+	(cd .git &&
+	 test_must_fail git reset --hard)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge reset requires a worktree' '
+	(cd .git &&
+	 test_must_fail git reset --merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mixed reset is ok' '
+	(cd .git && git reset)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'soft reset is ok' '
+	(cd .git && git reset --soft)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hard reset works with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
+	mkdir worktree &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=$PWD/worktree GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git git reset --hard &&
+	test_cmp file worktree/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
+	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+	cd bare.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hard reset is not allowed in bare' '
+	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge reset is not allowed in bare' '
+	test_must_fail git reset --merge HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mixed reset is not allowed in bare' '
+	test_must_fail git reset --mixed HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'soft reset is allowed in bare' '
+	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
+	test "`git show --pretty=format:%s | head -n 1`" = "one"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7104-reset.sh b/t/t7104-reset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f136ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7104-reset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='reset --hard unmerged'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	mkdir before later &&
+	>before/1 &&
+	>before/2 &&
+	>hello &&
+	>later/3 &&
+	git add before hello later &&
+	git commit -m world &&
+
+	H=$(git rev-parse :hello) &&
+	git rm --cached hello &&
+	echo "100644 $H 2	hello" | git update-index --index-info &&
+
+	rm -f hello &&
+	mkdir -p hello &&
+	>hello/world &&
+	test "$(git ls-files -o)" = hello/world
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard should restore unmerged ones' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch before/1 before/2 hello later/3 &&
+	test -f hello
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard did not corrupt index nor cached-tree' '
+
+	T=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git add before hello later &&
+	U=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test "$T" = "$U"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c1f4fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset --patch'
+. ./lib-patch-mode.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir dir &&
+	echo parent > dir/foo &&
+	echo dummy > bar &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_commit second dir/foo head &&
+	set_and_save_state bar bar_work bar_index &&
+	save_head
+'
+
+# note: bar sorts before foo, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'saying "n" does nothing' '
+	set_and_save_state dir/foo work work
+	(echo n; echo n) | git reset -p &&
+	verify_saved_state dir/foo &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset -p' '
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset -p HEAD^' '
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work parent &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+# The idea in the rest is that bar sorts first, so we always say 'y'
+# first and if the path limiter fails it'll apply to bar instead of
+# dir/foo.  There's always an extra 'n' to reject edits to dir/foo in
+# the failure case (and thus get out of the loop).
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset -p dir' '
+	set_state dir/foo work work
+	(echo y; echo n) | git reset -p dir &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset -p -- foo (inside dir)' '
+	set_state dir/foo work work
+	(echo y; echo n) | (cd dir && git reset -p -- foo) &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset -p HEAD^ -- dir' '
+	(echo y; echo n) | git reset -p HEAD^ -- dir &&
+	verify_state dir/foo work parent &&
+	verify_saved_state bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'none of this moved HEAD' '
+	verify_saved_head
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7110-reset-merge.sh b/t/t7110-reset-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8704d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7110-reset-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Christian Couder
+#
+
+test_description='Tests for "git reset --merge"'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+    for i in 1 2 3; do echo line $i; done >file1 &&
+    cat file1 >file2 &&
+    git add file1 file2 &&
+    test_tick &&
+    git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+    git tag initial &&
+    echo line 4 >>file1 &&
+    cat file1 >file2 &&
+    test_tick &&
+    git commit -m "add line 4 to file1" file1 &&
+    git tag second
+'
+
+# The next test will test the following:
+#
+#           working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+#           ----------------------------------------------------
+# file1:     C       C     C    D     --merge  D       D     D
+# file2:     C       D     D    D     --merge  C       D     D
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge is ok with changes in file it does not touch' '
+    git reset --merge HEAD^ &&
+    ! grep 4 file1 &&
+    grep 4 file2 &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse initial)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge is ok when switching back' '
+    git reset --merge second &&
+    grep 4 file1 &&
+    grep 4 file2 &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse second)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)"
+'
+
+# The next test will test the following:
+#
+#           working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+#           ----------------------------------------------------
+# file1:     B       B     C    D     --merge  D       D     D
+# file2:     C       D     D    D     --merge  C       D     D
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge discards changes added to index (1)' '
+    git reset --hard second &&
+    cat file1 >file2 &&
+    echo "line 5" >> file1 &&
+    git add file1 &&
+    git reset --merge HEAD^ &&
+    ! grep 4 file1 &&
+    ! grep 5 file1 &&
+    grep 4 file2 &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse initial)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge is ok again when switching back (1)' '
+    git reset --hard initial &&
+    echo "line 5" >> file2 &&
+    git add file2 &&
+    git reset --merge second &&
+    ! grep 4 file2 &&
+    ! grep 5 file1 &&
+    grep 4 file1 &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse second)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)"
+'
+
+# The next test will test the following:
+#
+#           working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+#           ----------------------------------------------------
+# file1:     C       C     C    D     --merge  D       D     D
+# file2:     C       C     D    D     --merge  D       D     D
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge discards changes added to index (2)' '
+    git reset --hard second &&
+    echo "line 4" >> file2 &&
+    git add file2 &&
+    git reset --merge HEAD^ &&
+    ! grep 4 file2 &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse initial)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge is ok again when switching back (2)' '
+    git reset --hard initial &&
+    git reset --merge second &&
+    ! grep 4 file2 &&
+    grep 4 file1 &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse second)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)"
+'
+
+# The next test will test the following:
+#
+#           working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+#           ----------------------------------------------------
+# file1:     A       B     B    C     --merge  (disallowed)
+test_expect_success 'reset --merge fails with changes in file it touches' '
+    git reset --hard second &&
+    echo "line 5" >> file1 &&
+    test_tick &&
+    git commit -m "add line 5" file1 &&
+    sed -e "s/line 1/changed line 1/" <file1 >file3 &&
+    mv file3 file1 &&
+    test_must_fail git reset --merge HEAD^ 2>err.log &&
+    grep file1 err.log | grep "not uptodate"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 3 different branches' '
+    git reset --hard second &&
+    git branch branch1 &&
+    git branch branch2 &&
+    git branch branch3 &&
+    git checkout branch1 &&
+    echo "line 5 in branch1" >> file1 &&
+    test_tick &&
+    git commit -a -m "change in branch1" &&
+    git checkout branch2 &&
+    echo "line 5 in branch2" >> file1 &&
+    test_tick &&
+    git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+    git tag third &&
+    git checkout branch3 &&
+    echo a new file >file3 &&
+    rm -f file1 &&
+    git add file3 &&
+    test_tick &&
+    git commit -a -m "change in branch3"
+'
+
+# The next test will test the following:
+#
+#           working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+#           ----------------------------------------------------
+# file1:     X       U     B    C     --merge  C       C     C
+test_expect_success '"reset --merge HEAD^" is ok with pending merge' '
+    git checkout third &&
+    test_must_fail git merge branch1 &&
+    git reset --merge HEAD^ &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse second)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff)"
+'
+
+# The next test will test the following:
+#
+#           working index HEAD target         working index HEAD
+#           ----------------------------------------------------
+# file1:     X       U     B    B     --merge  B       B     B
+test_expect_success '"reset --merge HEAD" is ok with pending merge' '
+    git reset --hard third &&
+    test_must_fail git merge branch1 &&
+    git reset --merge HEAD &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse third)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff --cached)" &&
+    test -z "$(git diff)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--merge with added/deleted' '
+    git reset --hard third &&
+    rm -f file2 &&
+    test_must_fail git merge branch3 &&
+    ! test -f file2 &&
+    test -f file3 &&
+    git diff --exit-code file3 &&
+    git diff --exit-code branch3 file3 &&
+    git reset --merge HEAD &&
+    ! test -f file3 &&
+    ! test -f file2 &&
+    git diff --exit-code --cached
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7111-reset-table.sh b/t/t7111-reset-table.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..de896c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7111-reset-table.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Christian Couder
+#
+
+test_description='Tests to check that "reset" options follow a known table'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_expect_success 'creating initial commits' '
+    test_commit E file1 &&
+    test_commit D file1 &&
+    test_commit C file1
+'
+
+while read W1 I1 H1 T opt W2 I2 H2
+do
+    test_expect_success "check: $W1 $I1 $H1 $T --$opt $W2 $I2 $H2" '
+	git reset --hard C &&
+	if test "$I1" != "$H1"
+	then
+	    echo "$I1" >file1 &&
+	    git add file1
+	fi &&
+	if test "$W1" != "$I1"
+	then
+	    echo "$W1" >file1
+	fi &&
+	if test "$W2" != "XXXXX"
+	then
+	    git reset --$opt $T &&
+	    test "$(cat file1)" = "$W2" &&
+	    git checkout-index -f -- file1 &&
+	    test "$(cat file1)" = "$I2" &&
+	    git checkout -f HEAD -- file1 &&
+	    test "$(cat file1)" = "$H2"
+	else
+	    test_must_fail git reset --$opt $T
+	fi
+    '
+done <<\EOF
+A B C D soft   A B D
+A B C D mixed  A D D
+A B C D hard   D D D
+A B C D merge  XXXXX
+A B C C soft   A B C
+A B C C mixed  A C C
+A B C C hard   C C C
+A B C C merge  XXXXX
+B B C D soft   B B D
+B B C D mixed  B D D
+B B C D hard   D D D
+B B C D merge  D D D
+B B C C soft   B B C
+B B C C mixed  B C C
+B B C C hard   C C C
+B B C C merge  C C C
+B C C D soft   B C D
+B C C D mixed  B D D
+B C C D hard   D D D
+B C C D merge  XXXXX
+B C C C soft   B C C
+B C C C mixed  B C C
+B C C C hard   C C C
+B C C C merge  B C C
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setting up branches to test with unmerged entries' '
+    git reset --hard C &&
+    git branch branch1 &&
+    git branch branch2 &&
+    git checkout branch1 &&
+    test_commit B1 file1 &&
+    git checkout branch2 &&
+    test_commit B file1
+'
+
+while read W1 I1 H1 T opt W2 I2 H2
+do
+    test_expect_success "check: $W1 $I1 $H1 $T --$opt $W2 $I2 $H2" '
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	test_must_fail git merge branch1 &&
+	cat file1 >X_file1 &&
+	if test "$W2" != "XXXXX"
+	then
+	    git reset --$opt $T &&
+	    if test "$W2" = "X"
+	    then
+		test_cmp file1 X_file1
+	    else
+		test "$(cat file1)" = "$W2"
+	    fi &&
+	    git checkout-index -f -- file1 &&
+	    test "$(cat file1)" = "$I2" &&
+	    git checkout -f HEAD -- file1 &&
+	    test "$(cat file1)" = "$H2"
+	else
+	    test_must_fail git reset --$opt $T
+	fi
+    '
+done <<\EOF
+X U B C soft   XXXXX
+X U B C mixed  X C C
+X U B C hard   C C C
+X U B C merge  C C C
+X U B B soft   XXXXX
+X U B B mixed  X B B
+X U B B hard   B B B
+X U B B merge  B B B
+EOF
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6442f71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+test_description='git checkout tests.
+
+Creates master, forks renamer and side branches from it.
+Test switching across them.
+
+  ! [master] Initial A one, A two
+   * [renamer] Renamer R one->uno, M two
+    ! [side] Side M one, D two, A three
+  ---
+    + [side] Side M one, D two, A three
+   *  [renamer] Renamer R one->uno, M two
+  +*+ [master] Initial A one, A two
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_tick
+
+fill () {
+	for i
+	do
+		echo "$i"
+	done
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	fill x y z > same &&
+	fill 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >one &&
+	fill a b c d e >two &&
+	git add same one two &&
+	git commit -m "Initial A one, A two" &&
+
+	git checkout -b renamer &&
+	rm -f one &&
+	fill 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 >uno &&
+	git add uno &&
+	fill a b c d e f >two &&
+	git commit -a -m "Renamer R one->uno, M two" &&
+
+	git checkout -b side master &&
+	fill 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >one &&
+	fill A B C D E >three &&
+	rm -f two &&
+	git update-index --add --remove one two three &&
+	git commit -m "Side M one, D two, A three" &&
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success "checkout from non-existing branch" '
+
+	git checkout -b delete-me master &&
+	rm .git/refs/heads/delete-me &&
+	test refs/heads/delete-me = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test refs/heads/master = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "checkout with dirty tree without -m" '
+
+	fill 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >one &&
+	if git checkout side
+	then
+		echo Not happy
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy - failed correctly"
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "checkout with unrelated dirty tree without -m" '
+
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	fill 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >same &&
+	cp same kept
+	git checkout side >messages &&
+	test_cmp same kept
+	(cat > messages.expect <<EOF
+M	same
+EOF
+) &&
+	touch messages.expect &&
+	test_cmp messages.expect messages
+'
+
+test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree" '
+
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git clean -f &&
+
+	fill 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >one &&
+	git checkout -m side > messages &&
+
+	test "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "refs/heads/side" &&
+
+	(cat >expect.messages <<EOF
+M	one
+EOF
+) &&
+	test_cmp expect.messages messages &&
+
+	fill "M	one" "A	three" "D	two" >expect.master &&
+	git diff --name-status master >current.master &&
+	test_cmp expect.master current.master &&
+
+	fill "M	one" >expect.side &&
+	git diff --name-status side >current.side &&
+	test_cmp expect.side current.side &&
+
+	: >expect.index &&
+	git diff --cached >current.index &&
+	test_cmp expect.index current.index
+'
+
+test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree, renamed" '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git clean -f &&
+
+	fill 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 >one &&
+	if git checkout renamer
+	then
+		echo Not happy
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy - failed correctly"
+	fi &&
+
+	git checkout -m renamer &&
+	fill 1 3 4 5 7 8 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect uno &&
+	! test -f one &&
+	git diff --cached >current &&
+	! test -s current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -m with merge conflict' '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git clean -f &&
+
+	fill 1 T 3 4 5 6 S 8 >one &&
+	if git checkout renamer
+	then
+		echo Not happy
+		false
+	else
+		echo "happy - failed correctly"
+	fi &&
+
+	git checkout -m renamer &&
+
+	git diff master:one :3:uno |
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" -e "/^ /d" -e "s/^-/d/" -e "s/^+/a/" >current &&
+	fill d2 aT d7 aS >expect &&
+	test_cmp current expect &&
+	git diff --cached two >current &&
+	! test -s current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD' '
+
+	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
+	git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
+	(cat >messages.expect <<EOF
+Note: moving to '\''renamer^'\'' which isn'\''t a local branch
+If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
+(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
+HEAD is now at 7329388... Initial A one, A two
+EOF
+) &&
+	test_cmp messages.expect messages &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
+	if git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		echo "OOPS, HEAD is still symbolic???"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD with branchname^' '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git clean -f &&
+	git checkout renamer^ &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
+	if git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		echo "OOPS, HEAD is still symbolic???"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD with :/message' '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git clean -f &&
+	git checkout ":/Initial" &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
+	if git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		echo "OOPS, HEAD is still symbolic???"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD with HEAD^0' '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git clean -f &&
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
+	if git symbolic-ref HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		echo "OOPS, HEAD is still symbolic???"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with ambiguous tag/branch names' '
+
+	git tag both side &&
+	git branch both master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	git checkout both &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
+	name=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
+	test "z$name" = zrefs/heads/both
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with ambiguous tag/branch names' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	git tag frotz side &&
+	git branch frotz master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	git checkout tags/frotz &&
+	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	S=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/side) &&
+	test "z$H" = "z$S" &&
+	if name=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+	then
+		echo "Bad -- should have detached"
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch branches while in subdirectory' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	mkdir subs &&
+	(
+		cd subs &&
+		git checkout side
+	) &&
+	! test -f subs/one &&
+	rm -fr subs
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout specific path while in subdirectory' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	mkdir subs &&
+	>subs/bero &&
+	git add subs/bero &&
+	git commit -m "add subs/bero" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	mkdir -p subs &&
+	(
+		cd subs &&
+		git checkout side -- bero
+	) &&
+	test -f subs/bero
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checkout w/--track sets up tracking' '
+    git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+    git checkout master &&
+    git checkout --track -b track1 &&
+    test "$(git config branch.track1.remote)" &&
+    test "$(git config branch.track1.merge)"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checkout w/autosetupmerge=always sets up tracking' '
+    git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+    git checkout master &&
+    git checkout -b track2 &&
+    test "$(git config branch.track2.remote)" &&
+    test "$(git config branch.track2.merge)"
+    git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout w/--track from non-branch HEAD fails' '
+    git checkout master^0 &&
+    test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
+    test_must_fail git checkout --track -b track &&
+    test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify track &&
+    test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
+    test "z$(git rev-parse master^0)" = "z$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detach a symbolic link HEAD' '
+    git checkout master &&
+    git config --bool core.prefersymlinkrefs yes &&
+    git checkout side &&
+    git checkout master &&
+    it=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
+    test "z$it" = zrefs/heads/master &&
+    here=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+    git checkout side^ &&
+    test "z$(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)" = "z$here"
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checkout with --track fakes a sensible -b <name>' '
+    git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear renamer &&
+    git update-ref refs/new/koala/bear renamer &&
+
+    git checkout --track origin/koala/bear &&
+    test "refs/heads/koala/bear" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse renamer)" &&
+
+    git checkout master && git branch -D koala/bear &&
+
+    git checkout --track refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear &&
+    test "refs/heads/koala/bear" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse renamer)" &&
+
+    git checkout master && git branch -D koala/bear &&
+
+    git checkout --track remotes/origin/koala/bear &&
+    test "refs/heads/koala/bear" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse renamer)" &&
+
+    git checkout master && git branch -D koala/bear &&
+
+    git checkout --track refs/new/koala/bear &&
+    test "refs/heads/koala/bear" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" &&
+    test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse renamer)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'checkout with --track, but without -b, fails with too short tracked name' '
+    test_must_fail git checkout --track renamer'
+
+setup_conflicting_index () {
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	O=$(echo original | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	A=$(echo ourside | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	B=$(echo theirside | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $A 0	fild" &&
+		echo "100644 $O 1	file" &&
+		echo "100644 $A 2	file" &&
+		echo "100644 $B 3	file" &&
+		echo "100644 $A 0	filf"
+	) | git update-index --index-info
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout an unmerged path should fail' '
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout fild file filf &&
+	test_cmp sample fild &&
+	test_cmp sample filf &&
+	test_cmp sample file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with an unmerged path can be ignored' '
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	echo ourside >expect &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	git checkout -f fild file filf &&
+	test_cmp expect fild &&
+	test_cmp expect filf &&
+	test_cmp sample file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout unmerged stage' '
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	echo ourside >expect &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	git checkout --ours . &&
+	test_cmp expect fild &&
+	test_cmp expect filf &&
+	test_cmp expect file &&
+	git checkout --theirs file &&
+	test ztheirside = "z$(cat file)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --merge' '
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	echo ourside >expect &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	git checkout -m -- fild file filf &&
+	(
+		echo "<<<<<<< ours"
+		echo ourside
+		echo "======="
+		echo theirside
+		echo ">>>>>>> theirs"
+	) >merged &&
+	test_cmp expect fild &&
+	test_cmp expect filf &&
+	test_cmp merged file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --merge, in diff3 -m style' '
+	git config merge.conflictstyle diff3 &&
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	echo ourside >expect &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	git checkout -m -- fild file filf &&
+	(
+		echo "<<<<<<< ours"
+		echo ourside
+		echo "|||||||"
+		echo original
+		echo "======="
+		echo theirside
+		echo ">>>>>>> theirs"
+	) >merged &&
+	test_cmp expect fild &&
+	test_cmp expect filf &&
+	test_cmp merged file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout --conflict=merge, overriding config' '
+	git config merge.conflictstyle diff3 &&
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	echo ourside >expect &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	git checkout --conflict=merge -- fild file filf &&
+	(
+		echo "<<<<<<< ours"
+		echo ourside
+		echo "======="
+		echo theirside
+		echo ">>>>>>> theirs"
+	) >merged &&
+	test_cmp expect fild &&
+	test_cmp expect filf &&
+	test_cmp merged file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout --conflict=diff3' '
+	git config --unset merge.conflictstyle
+	setup_conflicting_index &&
+	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
+	echo ourside >expect &&
+	cat sample >fild &&
+	cat sample >file &&
+	cat sample >filf &&
+	git checkout --conflict=diff3 -- fild file filf &&
+	(
+		echo "<<<<<<< ours"
+		echo ourside
+		echo "|||||||"
+		echo original
+		echo "======="
+		echo theirside
+		echo ">>>>>>> theirs"
+	) >merged &&
+	test_cmp expect fild &&
+	test_cmp expect filf &&
+	test_cmp merged file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'failing checkout -b should not break working tree' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -b renamer side^ &&
+	test $(git symbolic-ref HEAD) = refs/heads/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	git diff --cached --exit-code
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch out of non-branch' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	echo modified >one &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout renamer 2>error.log &&
+	! grep "^Previous HEAD" error.log
+'
+
+(
+ echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
+ cat <<\EOF
+O=$1 A=$2 B=$3
+cat "$A" >.tmp
+exec >"$A"
+echo '<<<<<<< filfre-theirs'
+cat "$B"
+echo '||||||| filfre-common'
+cat "$O"
+echo '======='
+cat ".tmp"
+echo '>>>>>>> filfre-ours'
+rm -f .tmp
+exit 1
+EOF
+) >filfre.sh
+chmod +x filfre.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'custom merge driver with checkout -m' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git config merge.filfre.driver "./filfre.sh %O %A %B" &&
+	git config merge.filfre.name "Feel-free merge driver" &&
+	git config merge.filfre.recursive binary &&
+	echo "arm merge=filfre" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	git checkout -b left &&
+	echo neutral >arm &&
+	git add arm .gitattributes &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m neutral &&
+	git branch right &&
+
+	echo left >arm &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m left &&
+	git checkout right &&
+
+	echo right >arm &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m right &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge left &&
+	(
+		for t in filfre-common left right
+		do
+			grep $t arm || exit 1
+		done
+		exit 0
+	) &&
+
+	mv arm expect &&
+	git checkout -m arm &&
+	test_cmp expect arm
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7d8ed68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Michael Spang
+#
+
+test_description='git clean basic tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+git config clean.requireForce no
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p src &&
+	touch src/part1.c Makefile &&
+	echo build >.gitignore &&
+	echo \*.o >>.gitignore &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m setup &&
+	touch src/part2.c README &&
+	git add .
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with skip-worktree .gitignore' '
+	git update-index --skip-worktree .gitignore &&
+	rm .gitignore &&
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so &&
+	git update-index --no-skip-worktree .gitignore &&
+	git checkout .gitignore
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean src/' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean src/ &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean src/ src/' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean src/ src/ &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with prefix' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs src/test &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so src/test/1.c &&
+	(cd src/ && git clean) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/test/1.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with relative prefix' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	would_clean=$(
+		cd docs &&
+		git clean -n ../src |
+		sed -n -e "s|^Would remove ||p"
+	) &&
+	test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c || {
+		echo "OOps <$would_clean>"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with absolute path' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	would_clean=$(
+		cd docs &&
+		git clean -n "$(pwd)/../src" |
+		sed -n -e "s|^Would remove ||p"
+	) &&
+	test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c || {
+		echo "OOps <$would_clean>"
+		false
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with out of work tree relative path' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(
+		cd docs &&
+		test_must_fail git clean -n ../..
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with out of work tree absolute path' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	dd=$(cd .. && pwd) &&
+	(
+		cd docs &&
+		test_must_fail git clean -n $dd
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d with prefix and path' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs src/feature &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/feature/file.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd src/ && git clean -d feature/) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/feature/file.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean symbolic link' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	ln -s docs/manual.txt src/part4.c
+	git clean &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean with wildcard' '
+
+	touch a.clean b.clean other.c &&
+	git clean "*.clean" &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.clean &&
+	test ! -f b.clean &&
+	test -f other.c
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -n' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -n &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d src/ examples/' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs examples &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so examples/1.c &&
+	git clean -d src/ examples/ &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f examples/1.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -x' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -x &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -x &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -X' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -X &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -X &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce defaults to true' '
+
+	git config --unset clean.requireForce &&
+	test_must_fail git clean
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce' '
+
+	git config clean.requireForce true &&
+	test_must_fail git clean
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce and -n' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -n &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce and -f' '
+
+	git clean -f &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'core.excludesfile' '
+
+	echo excludes >excludes &&
+	echo included >included &&
+	git config core.excludesfile excludes &&
+	output=$(git clean -n excludes included 2>&1) &&
+	expr "$output" : ".*included" >/dev/null &&
+	! expr "$output" : ".*excludes" >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'removal failure' '
+
+	mkdir foo &&
+	touch foo/bar &&
+	(exec <foo/bar &&
+	 chmod 0 foo &&
+	 test_must_fail git clean -f -d)
+
+'
+chmod 755 foo
+
+test_expect_success 'nested git work tree' '
+	rm -fr foo bar &&
+	mkdir foo bar &&
+	(
+		cd foo &&
+		git init &&
+		>hello.world
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -a -m nested
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd bar &&
+		>goodbye.people
+	) &&
+	git clean -f -d &&
+	test -f foo/.git/index &&
+	test -f foo/hello.world &&
+	! test -d bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'force removal of nested git work tree' '
+	rm -fr foo bar &&
+	mkdir foo bar &&
+	(
+		cd foo &&
+		git init &&
+		>hello.world
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -a -m nested
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd bar &&
+		>goodbye.people
+	) &&
+	git clean -f -f -d &&
+	! test -d foo &&
+	! test -d bar
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1a4dc5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
+#
+
+test_description='Basic porcelain support for submodules
+
+This test tries to verify basic sanity of the init, update and status
+subcommands of git submodule.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#
+# Test setup:
+#  -create a repository in directory init
+#  -add a couple of files
+#  -add directory init to 'superproject', this creates a DIRLINK entry
+#  -add a couple of regular files to enable testing of submodule filtering
+#  -mv init subrepo
+#  -add an entry to .gitmodules for submodule 'example'
+#
+test_expect_success 'Prepare submodule testing' '
+	: > t &&
+	git add t &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+	git branch initial HEAD &&
+	mkdir init &&
+	cd init &&
+	git init &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "submodule commit 1" &&
+	git tag -a -m "rev-1" rev-1 &&
+	rev1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	if test -z "$rev1"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] submodule git rev-parse returned nothing"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	cd .. &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo z >z &&
+	git add a init z &&
+	git commit -m "super commit 1" &&
+	mv init .subrepo &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules git config submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Prepare submodule add testing' '
+	submodurl=$(pwd)
+	(
+		mkdir addtest &&
+		cd addtest &&
+		git init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" submod &&
+		git submodule init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add --branch' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add -b initial "$submodurl" submod-branch &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		cd submod-branch &&
+		git branch | grep initial
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./ in path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" ././dotsubmod/./frotz/./ &&
+		git submodule init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with // in path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" slashslashsubmod///frotz// &&
+		git submodule init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with /.. in path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" dotdotsubmod/../realsubmod/frotz/.. &&
+		git submodule init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./, /.. and // in path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" dot/dotslashsubmod/./../..////realsubmod2/a/b/c/d/../../../../frotz//.. &&
+		git submodule init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should fail for unmapped paths' '
+	if git submodule status
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] submodule status succeeded"
+		false
+	elif ! GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules git config submodule.example.path init
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] git config failed to update .gitmodules"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should only print one line' '
+	lines=$(git submodule status | wc -l) &&
+	test $lines = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should initially be "missing"' '
+	git submodule status | grep "^-$rev1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init should register submodule url in .git/config' '
+	git submodule init &&
+	url=$(git config submodule.example.url) &&
+	if test "$url" != "git://example.com/init.git"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] init succeeded but submodule url is wrong"
+		false
+	elif test_must_fail git config submodule.example.url ./.subrepo
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] init succeeded but update of url failed"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should fail when path is used by a file' '
+	echo "hello" >init &&
+	if git submodule update
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] update should have failed"
+		false
+	elif test "$(cat init)" != "hello"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] update failed but init file was molested"
+		false
+	else
+		rm init
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should fail when path is used by a nonempty directory' '
+	mkdir init &&
+	echo "hello" >init/a &&
+	if git submodule update
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] update should have failed"
+		false
+	elif test "$(cat init/a)" != "hello"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] update failed but init/a was molested"
+		false
+	else
+		rm init/a
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should work when path is an empty dir' '
+	rm -rf init &&
+	mkdir init &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	head=$(cd init && git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	if test -z "$head"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] Failed to obtain submodule head"
+		false
+	elif test "$head" != "$rev1"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] Submodule head is $head but should have been $rev1"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should be "up-to-date" after update' '
+	git submodule status | grep "^ $rev1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should be "modified" after submodule commit' '
+	cd init &&
+	echo b >b &&
+	git add b &&
+	git commit -m "submodule commit 2" &&
+	rev2=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	cd .. &&
+	if test -z "$rev2"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] submodule git rev-parse returned nothing"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	git submodule status | grep "^+$rev2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the --cached sha1 should be rev1' '
+	git submodule --cached status | grep "^+$rev1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff should report the SHA1 of the new submodule commit' '
+	git diff | grep "^+Subproject commit $rev2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should checkout rev1' '
+	git submodule update init &&
+	head=$(cd init && git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	if test -z "$head"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] submodule git rev-parse returned nothing"
+		false
+	elif test "$head" != "$rev1"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] init did not checkout correct head"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should be "up-to-date" after update' '
+	git submodule status | grep "^ $rev1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout superproject with subproject already present' '
+	git checkout initial &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply submodule diff' '
+	git branch second &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		echo s >s &&
+		git add s &&
+		git commit -m "change subproject"
+	) &&
+	git update-index --add init &&
+	git commit -m "change init" &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout >P.diff &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	git apply --index P.diff &&
+	D=$(git diff --cached master) &&
+	test -z "$D"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update --init' '
+
+	mv init init2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.example.url "$(pwd)/init2" &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.example
+	git submodule update init > update.out &&
+	grep "not initialized" update.out &&
+	test ! -d init/.git &&
+	git submodule update --init init &&
+	test -d init/.git
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git add init/a
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gracefully add submodule with a trailing slash' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git commit -m "commit subproject" init &&
+	(cd init &&
+	 echo b > a) &&
+	git add init/ &&
+	git diff --exit-code --cached init &&
+	commit=$(cd init &&
+	 git commit -m update a >/dev/null &&
+	 git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git add init/ &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code --cached init &&
+	test $commit = $(git ls-files --stage |
+		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p")
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files gracefully handles trailing slash' '
+
+	test "init" = "$(git ls-files init/)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'moving to a commit without submodule does not leave empty dir' '
+	rm -rf init &&
+	mkdir init &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+	test ! -d init &&
+	git checkout second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-path> warns' '
+
+	git submodule no-such-submodule 2> output.err &&
+	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add submodules without specifying an explicit path' '
+	mkdir repo &&
+	cd repo &&
+	git init &&
+	echo r >r &&
+	git add r &&
+	git commit -m "repo commit 1" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git clone --bare repo/ bare.git &&
+	cd addtest &&
+	git submodule add "$submodurl/repo" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path repo &&
+	git submodule add "$submodurl/bare.git" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.bare.path bare
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d3c039f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Ping Yin
+#
+
+test_description='Summary support for submodules
+
+This test tries to verify the sanity of summary subcommand of git submodule.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+add_file () {
+	sm=$1
+	shift
+	owd=$(pwd)
+	cd "$sm"
+	for name; do
+		echo "$name" > "$name" &&
+		git add "$name" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "Add $name"
+	done >/dev/null
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
+	cd "$owd"
+}
+commit_file () {
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit "$@" -m "Commit $*" >/dev/null
+}
+
+test_create_repo sm1 &&
+add_file . foo >/dev/null
+
+head1=$(add_file sm1 foo1 foo2)
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
+  > Add foo3
+
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward), --files' "
+	git submodule summary --files >actual &&
+	diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
+  > Add foo3
+
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+cd sm1 &&
+git reset --hard HEAD~2 >/dev/null &&
+head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
+cd ..
+
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head2...$head3 (2):
+  < Add foo3
+  < Add foo2
+
+EOF
+"
+
+head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
+head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
+  > Add foo5
+  > Add foo4
+  < Add foo3
+  < Add foo2
+
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--summary-limit' "
+    git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
+  > Add foo5
+  > Add foo4
+  < Add foo3
+
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+mv sm1 sm1-bak &&
+echo sm1 >sm1 &&
+head5=$(git hash-object sm1 | cut -c1-7) &&
+git add sm1 &&
+rm -f sm1 &&
+mv sm1-bak sm1
+
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
+    git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob) (3):
+  < Add foo5
+
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --files' "
+    git submodule summary --files >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head5(blob)->$head4(submodule) (3):
+  > Add foo5
+
+EOF
+"
+
+rm -rf sm1 &&
+git checkout-index sm1
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob):
+
+EOF
+"
+
+rm -f sm1 &&
+test_create_repo sm1 &&
+head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head4...$head6:
+  Warn: sm1 doesn't contain commit $head4_full
+
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head5(blob)->$head6(submodule) (2):
+  > Add foo7
+
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm1 &&
+rm -rf sm1
+test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+EOF
+"
+
+test_create_repo sm2 &&
+head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
+git add sm2
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
+    git submodule summary >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'path filter' "
+    git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
+EOF
+"
+
+commit_file sm2
+test_expect_success 'given commit' "
+    git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
+    diff actual - <<-EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--for-status' "
+    git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
+    test_cmp actual - <<EOF
+# Submodule changes to be committed:
+#
+# * sm1 $head6...0000000:
+#
+# * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+#   > Add foo9
+#
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'fail when using --files together with --cached' "
+    test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f919c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='Test rebasing and stashing with dirty submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo file > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git clone . submodule &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m submodule &&
+	echo second line >> file &&
+	(cd submodule && git pull) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase with a dirty submodule' '
+
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo 3rd line >> file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m fork -a) &&
+	echo unrelated >> file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m unrelated file2 &&
+	echo other line >> file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m update file &&
+	CURRENT=$(cd submodule && git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	EXPECTED=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2:submodule) &&
+	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD^ &&
+	STORED=$(git rev-parse HEAD:submodule) &&
+	test $EXPECTED = $STORED &&
+	test $CURRENT = $(cd submodule && git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+'
+
+cat > fake-editor.sh << \EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+echo $EDITOR_TEXT
+EOF
+chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'interactive rebase with a dirty submodule' '
+
+	test submodule = $(git diff --name-only) &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh\"" EDITOR_TEXT="pick $HEAD" \
+		git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	test submodule = $(git diff --name-only)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase with dirty file and submodule fails' '
+
+	echo yet another line >> file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m next file &&
+	echo rewrite > file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m rewrite file &&
+	echo dirty > file &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD^
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash with a dirty submodule' '
+
+	echo new > file &&
+	CURRENT=$(cd submodule && git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git stash &&
+	test new != $(cat file) &&
+	test submodule = $(git diff --name-only) &&
+	test $CURRENT = $(cd submodule && git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git stash apply &&
+	test new = $(cat file) &&
+	test $CURRENT = $(cd submodule && git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7538756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 David Aguilar
+#
+
+test_description='git submodule sync
+
+These tests exercise the "git submodule sync" subcommand.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo file > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m upstream
+	git clone . super &&
+	git clone super submodule &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "submodule"
+	) &&
+	git clone super super-clone &&
+	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo second line >> file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -a -m "change submodule"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change submodule url' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git pull
+	) &&
+	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -a -m moved-submodule
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs' '
+	(cd super-clone &&
+	 git pull &&
+	 git submodule sync
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(git config -f super-clone/submodule/.git/config \
+	                        remote.origin.url)" &&
+	(cd super-clone/submodule &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git pull
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh b/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a21f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merging with submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#
+# history
+#
+#        a --- c
+#      /   \ /
+# root      X
+#      \   / \
+#        b --- d
+#
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git init &&
+	 echo original > file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m sub-root) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m root &&
+
+	git checkout -b a master &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 echo A > file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m sub-a) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m a &&
+
+	git checkout -b b master &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 echo B > file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m sub-b) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m b
+
+	git checkout -b c a &&
+	git merge -s ours b &&
+
+	git checkout -b d b &&
+	git merge -s ours a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merging with modify/modify conflict' '
+
+	git checkout -b test1 a &&
+	test_must_fail git merge b &&
+	test -f .git/MERGE_MSG &&
+	git diff &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merging with a modify/modify conflict between merge bases' '
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git checkout -b test2 c &&
+	git merge d
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8e2449d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
+#
+
+test_description='Test updating submodules
+
+This test verifies that "git submodule update" detaches the HEAD of the
+submodule and "git submodule update --rebase/--merge" does not detach the HEAD.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+compare_head()
+{
+    sha_master=`git rev-list --max-count=1 master`
+    sha_head=`git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD`
+
+    test "$sha_master" = "$sha_head"
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a submodule tree' '
+	echo file > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m upstream
+	git clone . super &&
+	git clone super submodule &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "submodule" &&
+	 git submodule init submodule
+	) &&
+	(cd submodule &&
+	echo "line2" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "Commit 2"
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  git pull --rebase origin
+	 ) &&
+	 git add submodule &&
+	 git commit -m "submodule update"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update detaching the HEAD ' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --rebase staying on master' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git checkout master
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --rebase submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --merge staying on master' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --merge submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - rebase in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update rebase
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - checkout in .git/config but --rebase given' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update checkout
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --rebase submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - merge in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update merge
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - checkout in .git/config but --merge given' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update checkout
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --merge submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - checkout in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update checkout
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule init picks up rebase' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.rebasing.url git://non-existing/git &&
+	 git config submodule.rebasing.path does-not-matter &&
+	 git config submodule.rebasing.update rebase &&
+	 git submodule init rebasing &&
+	 test "rebase" = $(git config submodule.rebasing.update)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule init picks up merge' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.merging.url git://non-existing/git &&
+	 git config submodule.merging.path does-not-matter &&
+	 git config submodule.merging.update merge &&
+	 git submodule init merging &&
+	 test "merge" = $(git config submodule.merging.update)
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2a52775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Johan Herland
+#
+
+test_description='Test "git submodule foreach"
+
+This test verifies that "git submodule foreach" correctly visits all submodules
+that are currently checked out.
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a submodule tree' '
+	echo file > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m upstream
+	git clone . super &&
+	git clone super submodule &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub1 &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub2 &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub3 &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules --rename-section \
+			submodule.sub1 submodule.foo1 &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules --rename-section \
+			submodule.sub2 submodule.foo2 &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules --rename-section \
+			submodule.sub3 submodule.foo3 &&
+		git add .gitmodules
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "submodules" &&
+		git submodule init sub1 &&
+		git submodule init sub2 &&
+		git submodule init sub3
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo different > file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "different"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		(
+			cd sub3 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+		git add sub3 &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "update sub3"
+	)
+'
+
+sub1sha1=$(cd super/sub1 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+sub3sha1=$(cd super/sub3 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+Entering 'sub1'
+foo1-sub1-$sub1sha1
+Entering 'sub3'
+foo3-sub3-$sub3sha1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test basic "submodule foreach" usage' '
+	git clone super clone &&
+	(
+		cd clone &&
+		git submodule update --init -- sub1 sub3 &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \$name-\$path-\$sha1" > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup nested submodules' '
+	git clone submodule nested1 &&
+	git clone submodule nested2 &&
+	git clone submodule nested3 &&
+	(
+		cd nested3 &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "submodule" &&
+		git submodule init submodule
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd nested2 &&
+		git submodule add ../nested3 nested3 &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "nested3" &&
+		git submodule init nested3
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd nested1 &&
+		git submodule add ../nested2 nested2 &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "nested2" &&
+		git submodule init nested2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add ../nested1 nested1 &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "nested1" &&
+		git submodule init nested1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use "submodule foreach" to checkout 2nd level submodule' '
+	git clone super clone2 &&
+	(
+		cd clone2 &&
+		test ! -d sub1/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub2/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub3/.git &&
+		test ! -d nested1/.git &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		test -d sub1/.git &&
+		test -d sub2/.git &&
+		test -d sub3/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/.git &&
+		test ! -d nested1/nested2/.git &&
+		git submodule foreach "git submodule update --init" &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/.git &&
+		test ! -d nested1/nested2/nested3/.git
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use "foreach --recursive" to checkout all submodules' '
+	(
+		cd clone2 &&
+		git submodule foreach --recursive "git submodule update --init" &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule/.git
+	)
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+Entering 'nested1'
+Entering 'nested1/nested2'
+Entering 'nested1/nested2/nested3'
+Entering 'nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule'
+Entering 'sub1'
+Entering 'sub2'
+Entering 'sub3'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test messages from "foreach --recursive"' '
+	(
+		cd clone2 &&
+		git submodule foreach --recursive "true" > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+nested1-nested1
+nested2-nested2
+nested3-nested3
+submodule-submodule
+foo1-sub1
+foo2-sub2
+foo3-sub3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "foreach --quiet --recursive"' '
+	(
+		cd clone2 &&
+		git submodule foreach -q --recursive "echo \$name-\$path" > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use "update --recursive" to checkout all submodules' '
+	git clone super clone3 &&
+	(
+		cd clone3 &&
+		test ! -d sub1/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub2/.git &&
+		test ! -d sub3/.git &&
+		test ! -d nested1/.git &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+		test -d sub1/.git &&
+		test -d sub2/.git &&
+		test -d sub3/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/.git &&
+		test -d nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule/.git
+	)
+'
+
+nested1sha1=$(cd clone3/nested1 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+nested2sha1=$(cd clone3/nested1/nested2 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+nested3sha1=$(cd clone3/nested1/nested2/nested3 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+submodulesha1=$(cd clone3/nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule && git rev-parse HEAD)
+sub1sha1=$(cd clone3/sub1 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+sub2sha1=$(cd clone3/sub2 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+sub3sha1=$(cd clone3/sub3 && git rev-parse HEAD)
+sub1sha1_short=$(cd clone3/sub1 && git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+sub2sha1_short=$(cd clone3/sub2 && git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+ $nested1sha1 nested1 (heads/master)
+ $nested2sha1 nested1/nested2 (heads/master)
+ $nested3sha1 nested1/nested2/nested3 (heads/master)
+ $submodulesha1 nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule (heads/master)
+ $sub1sha1 sub1 ($sub1sha1_short)
+ $sub2sha1 sub2 ($sub2sha1_short)
+ $sub3sha1 sub3 (heads/master)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "status --recursive"' '
+	(
+		cd clone3 &&
+		git submodule status --recursive > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use "git clone --recursive" to checkout all submodules' '
+	git clone --recursive super clone4 &&
+	test -d clone4/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/sub1/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/sub2/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/sub3/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/nested1/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/nested1/nested2/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/nested1/nested2/nested3/.git &&
+	test -d clone4/nested1/nested2/nested3/submodule/.git
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh b/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cc16d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009, Red Hat Inc, Author: Michael S. Tsirkin (mst@redhat.com)
+#
+
+test_description='test clone --reference'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+base_dir=`pwd`
+
+U=$base_dir/UPLOAD_LOG
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing first repository' \
+'test_create_repo A && cd A &&
+echo first > file1 &&
+git add file1 &&
+git commit -m A-initial'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing second repository' \
+'git clone A B && cd B &&
+echo second > file2 &&
+git add file2 &&
+git commit -m B-addition &&
+git repack -a -d &&
+git prune'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'preparing supermodule' \
+'test_create_repo super && cd super &&
+echo file > file &&
+git add file &&
+git commit -m B-super-initial'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add --reference' \
+'cd super && git submodule add --reference ../B "file://$base_dir/A" sub &&
+git commit -m B-super-added'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'after add: existence of info/alternates' \
+'test `wc -l <super/sub/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'that reference gets used with add' \
+'cd super/sub &&
+echo "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" > expected &&
+git count-objects > current &&
+diff expected current'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning supermodule' \
+'git clone super super-clone'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'update with reference' \
+'cd super-clone && git submodule update --init --reference ../B'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'after update: existence of info/alternates' \
+'test `wc -l <super-clone/sub/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_expect_success 'that reference gets used with update' \
+'cd super-clone/sub &&
+echo "0 objects, 0 kilobytes" > expected &&
+git count-objects > current &&
+diff expected current'
+
+cd "$base_dir"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9f5c3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Steven Grimm
+#
+
+test_description='git commit
+
+Tests for selected commit options.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit_msg_is () {
+	test "`git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1`" = "$1"
+}
+
+# A sanity check to see if commit is working at all.
+test_expect_success 'a basic commit in an empty tree should succeed' '
+	echo content > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file should return error' '
+	echo changes >> foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --template "$PWD"/notexist
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file in config should return error' '
+	git config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
+	test_must_fail git commit &&
+	git config --unset commit.template
+'
+
+# From now on we'll use a template file that exists.
+TEMPLATE="$PWD"/template
+
+test_expect_success 'unedited template should not commit' '
+	echo "template line" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --template "$TEMPLATE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unedited template with comments should not commit' '
+	echo "# comment in template" >> "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --template "$TEMPLATE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'a Signed-off-by line by itself should not commit' '
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-signed-off &&
+		test_must_fail git commit --template "$TEMPLATE"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'adding comments to a template should not commit' '
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-comments &&
+		test_must_fail git commit --template "$TEMPLATE"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'adding real content to a template should commit' '
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
+		git commit --template "$TEMPLATE"
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "template linecommit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-t option should be short for --template' '
+	echo "short template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	echo "new content" >> foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
+		git commit -t "$TEMPLATE"
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "short templatecommit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config-specified template should commit' '
+	echo "new template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	git config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	echo "more content" >> foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
+		git commit
+	) &&
+	git config --unset commit.template &&
+	commit_msg_is "new templatecommit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit commit message should override template' '
+	echo "still more content" >> foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content git commit --template "$TEMPLATE" \
+		-m "command line msg" &&
+	commit_msg_is "command line msg"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit message from file should override template' '
+	echo "content galore" >> foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	echo "standard input msg" |
+	(
+		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
+		git commit --template "$TEMPLATE" --file -
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "standard input msg"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using alternate GIT_INDEX_FILE (1)' '
+
+	cp .git/index saved-index &&
+	(
+		echo some new content >file &&
+	        GIT_INDEX_FILE=.git/another_index &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -m "commit using another index" &&
+		git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+		git diff-files --exit-code
+	) &&
+	cmp .git/index saved-index >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using alternate GIT_INDEX_FILE (2)' '
+
+	cp .git/index saved-index &&
+	(
+		rm -f .git/no-such-index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=.git/no-such-index &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git commit -m "commit using nonexistent index" &&
+		test -z "$(git ls-files)" &&
+		test -z "$(git ls-tree HEAD)"
+
+	) &&
+	cmp .git/index saved-index >/dev/null
+'
+
+cat > expect << EOF
+zort
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--signoff' '
+	echo "yet another content *narf*" >> foo &&
+	echo "zort" | git commit -s -F - foo &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed "1,/^\$/d" > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit message from file (1)' '
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo "Log in top directory" >log &&
+	echo "Log in sub directory" >subdir/log &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -F log
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "Log in sub directory"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit message from file (2)' '
+	rm -f log &&
+	echo "Log in sub directory" >subdir/log &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -F log
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "Log in sub directory"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit message from stdin' '
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		echo "Log with foo word" | git commit --allow-empty -F -
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "Log with foo word"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit -F overrides -t' '
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		echo "-F log" > f.log &&
+		echo "-t template" > t.template &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -F f.log -t t.template
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "-F log"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-comments b/t/t7500/add-comments
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a72e65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-comments
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "# this is a new comment" >> "$1"
+echo "# and so is this" >> "$1"
+exit 0
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-content b/t/t7500/add-content
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2fa3d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-content
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "commit message" >> "$1"
+exit 0
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-signed-off b/t/t7500/add-signed-off
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e1d856a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-signed-off
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "Signed-off-by: foo <bar@frotz>" >> "$1"
+exit 0
diff --git a/t/t7501-commit.sh b/t/t7501-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7940901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7501-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+#
+
+# FIXME: Test the various index usages, -i and -o, test reflog,
+# signoff
+
+test_description='git commit'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_tick
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"initial status" \
+	"echo 'bongo bongo' >file &&
+	 git add file && \
+	 git status | grep 'Initial commit'"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"fail initial amend" \
+	"test_must_fail git commit --amend"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"initial commit" \
+	"git commit -m initial"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"invalid options 1" \
+	"test_must_fail git commit -m foo -m bar -F file"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"invalid options 2" \
+	"test_must_fail git commit -C HEAD -m illegal"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"using paths with -a" \
+	"echo King of the bongo >file &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m foo -a file"
+
+test_expect_success PERL \
+	"using paths with --interactive" \
+	"echo bong-o-bong >file &&
+	! (echo 7 | git commit -m foo --interactive file)"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"using invalid commit with -C" \
+	"test_must_fail git commit -C bogus"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"testing nothing to commit" \
+	"test_must_fail git commit -m initial"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"next commit" \
+	"echo 'bongo bongo bongo' >file \
+	 git commit -m next -a"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"commit message from non-existing file" \
+	"echo 'more bongo: bongo bongo bongo bongo' >file && \
+	 test_must_fail git commit -F gah -a"
+
+# Empty except stray tabs and spaces on a few lines.
+sed -e 's/@$//' >msg <<EOF
+		@
+
+  @
+Signed-off-by: hula
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	"empty commit message" \
+	"test_must_fail git commit -F msg -a"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"commit message from file" \
+	"echo 'this is the commit message, coming from a file' >msg && \
+	 git commit -F msg -a"
+
+cat >editor <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+sed -e "s/a file/an amend commit/g" < "$1" > "$1-"
+mv "$1-" "$1"
+EOF
+chmod 755 editor
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"amend commit" \
+	"EDITOR=./editor git commit --amend"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"passing -m and -F" \
+	"echo 'enough with the bongos' >file && \
+	 test_must_fail git commit -F msg -m amending ."
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"using message from other commit" \
+	"git commit -C HEAD^ ."
+
+cat >editor <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+sed -e "s/amend/older/g"  < "$1" > "$1-"
+mv "$1-" "$1"
+EOF
+chmod 755 editor
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"editing message from other commit" \
+	"echo 'hula hula' >file && \
+	 EDITOR=./editor git commit -c HEAD^ -a"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"message from stdin" \
+	"echo 'silly new contents' >file && \
+	 echo commit message from stdin | git commit -F - -a"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"overriding author from command line" \
+	"echo 'gak' >file && \
+	 git commit -m 'author' --author 'Rubber Duck <rduck@convoy.org>' -a >output 2>&1"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"commit --author output mentions author" \
+	"grep Rubber.Duck output"
+
+test_expect_success PERL \
+	"interactive add" \
+	"echo 7 | git commit --interactive | grep 'What now'"
+
+test_expect_success \
+	"showing committed revisions" \
+	"git rev-list HEAD >current"
+
+cat >editor <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+sed -e "s/good/bad/g" < "$1" > "$1-"
+mv "$1-" "$1"
+EOF
+chmod 755 editor
+
+cat >msg <<EOF
+A good commit message.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'editor not invoked if -F is given' '
+	 echo "moo" >file &&
+	 EDITOR=./editor git commit -a -F msg &&
+	 git show -s --pretty=format:"%s" | grep -q good &&
+	 echo "quack" >file &&
+	 echo "Another good message." | EDITOR=./editor git commit -a -F - &&
+	 git show -s --pretty=format:"%s" | grep -q good
+	 '
+# We could just check the head sha1, but checking each commit makes it
+# easier to isolate bugs.
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+72c0dc9855b0c9dadcbfd5a31cab072e0cb774ca
+9b88fc14ce6b32e3d9ee021531a54f18a5cf38a2
+3536bbb352c3a1ef9a420f5b4242d48578b92aa7
+d381ac431806e53f3dd7ac2f1ae0534f36d738b9
+4fd44095ad6334f3ef72e4c5ec8ddf108174b54a
+402702b49136e7587daa9280e91e4bb7cb2179f7
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'validate git rev-list output.' \
+    'test_cmp expected current'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial commit that involves removal (1)' '
+
+	git rm --cached file &&
+	mv file elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	git commit -m "Partial: add elif" elif &&
+	git diff-tree --name-status HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
+	echo "A	elif" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial commit that involves removal (2)' '
+
+	git commit -m "Partial: remove file" file &&
+	git diff-tree --name-status HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
+	echo "D	file" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial commit that involves removal (3)' '
+
+	git rm --cached elif &&
+	echo elif >elif &&
+	git commit -m "Partial: modify elif" elif &&
+	git diff-tree --name-status HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
+	echo "M	elif" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+author="The Real Author <someguy@his.email.org>"
+test_expect_success 'amend commit to fix author' '
+
+	oldtick=$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/author.*/author $author $oldtick/" \
+		-e "s/^\(committer.*> \).*$/\1$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE/" > \
+		expected &&
+	git commit --amend --author="$author" &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD > current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'amend commit to fix date' '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	newtick=$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/author.*/author $author $newtick/" \
+		-e "s/^\(committer.*> \).*$/\1$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE/" > \
+		expected &&
+	git commit --amend --date="$newtick" &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD > current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sign off (1)' '
+
+	echo 1 >positive &&
+	git add positive &&
+	git commit -s -m "thank you" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
+	(
+		echo thank you
+		echo
+		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT |
+		sed -e "s/>.*/>/" -e "s/^/Signed-off-by: /"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sign off (2)' '
+
+	echo 2 >positive &&
+	git add positive &&
+	existing="Signed-off-by: Watch This <watchthis@example.com>" &&
+	git commit -s -m "thank you
+
+$existing" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
+	(
+		echo thank you
+		echo
+		echo $existing
+		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT |
+		sed -e "s/>.*/>/" -e "s/^/Signed-off-by: /"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff gap' '
+
+	echo 3 >positive &&
+	git add positive &&
+	alt="Alt-RFC-822-Header: Value" &&
+	git commit -s -m "welcome
+
+$alt" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" > actual &&
+	(
+		echo welcome
+		echo
+		echo $alt
+		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT |
+		sed -e "s/>.*/>/" -e "s/^/Signed-off-by: /"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff gap 2' '
+
+	echo 4 >positive &&
+	git add positive &&
+	alt="fixed: 34" &&
+	git commit -s -m "welcome
+
+We have now
+$alt" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" > actual &&
+	(
+		echo welcome
+		echo
+		echo We have now
+		echo $alt
+		echo
+		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT |
+		sed -e "s/>.*/>/" -e "s/^/Signed-off-by: /"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple -m' '
+
+	>negative &&
+	git add negative &&
+	git commit -m "one" -m "two" -m "three" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
+	(
+		echo one
+		echo
+		echo two
+		echo
+		echo three
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+author="The Real Author <someguy@his.email.org>"
+test_expect_success 'amend commit to fix author' '
+
+	oldtick=$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/author.*/author $author $oldtick/" \
+		-e "s/^\(committer.*> \).*$/\1$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE/" > \
+		expected &&
+	git commit --amend --author="$author" &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD > current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit <file> with dirty index' '
+	echo tacocat > elif &&
+	echo tehlulz > chz &&
+	git add chz &&
+	git commit elif -m "tacocat is a palindrome" &&
+	git show --stat | grep elif &&
+	git diff --cached | grep chz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same tree (single parent)' '
+
+	git reset --hard
+
+	if git commit -m empty
+	then
+		echo oops -- should have complained
+		false
+	else
+		: happy
+	fi
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same tree (single parent) --allow-empty' '
+
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "forced empty" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep forced
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'same tree (merge and amend merge)' '
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	echo zero >zero &&
+	git add zero &&
+	git commit -m "add zero" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	git merge -s ours side -m "empty ok" &&
+	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
+	: >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	git commit --amend -m "empty really ok" &&
+	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
+	: >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'amend using the message from another commit' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "old commit" &&
+	old=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "new commit" &&
+	new=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --amend -C "$old" &&
+	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" "$old" >expected &&
+	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'amend using the message from a commit named with tag' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "old commit" &&
+	old=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git tag -a -m "tag on old" tagged-old HEAD &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "new commit" &&
+	new=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --amend -C tagged-old &&
+	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" "$old" >expected &&
+	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..844fb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git commit porcelain-ish'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'the basics' '
+
+	echo doing partial >"commit is" &&
+	mkdir not &&
+	echo very much encouraged but we should >not/forbid &&
+	git add "commit is" not &&
+	echo update added "commit is" file >"commit is" &&
+	echo also update another >not/forbid &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "initial with -a" &&
+
+	git cat-file blob HEAD:"commit is" >current.1 &&
+	git cat-file blob HEAD:not/forbid >current.2 &&
+
+	cmp current.1 "commit is" &&
+	cmp current.2 not/forbid
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial' '
+
+	echo another >"commit is" &&
+	echo another >not/forbid &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "partial commit to handle a file" "commit is" &&
+
+	changed=$(git diff-tree --name-only HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	test "$changed" = "commit is"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial modification in a subdirecotry' '
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "partial commit to subdirectory" not &&
+
+	changed=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	test "$changed" = "not/forbid"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial removal' '
+
+	git rm not/forbid &&
+	git commit -m "partial commit to remove not/forbid" not &&
+
+	changed=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	test "$changed" = "not/forbid" &&
+	remain=$(git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD) &&
+	test "$remain" = "commit is"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sign off' '
+
+	>positive &&
+	git add positive &&
+	git commit -s -m "thank you" &&
+	actual=$(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne "s/Signed-off-by: //p") &&
+	expected=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e "s/>.*/>/") &&
+	test "z$actual" = "z$expected"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple -m' '
+
+	>negative &&
+	git add negative &&
+	git commit -m "one" -m "two" -m "three" &&
+	actual=$(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d") &&
+	expected=$(echo one; echo; echo two; echo; echo three) &&
+	test "z$actual" = "z$expected"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose' '
+
+	echo minus >negative &&
+	git add negative &&
+	git status -v | sed -ne "/^diff --git /p" >actual &&
+	echo "diff --git a/negative b/negative" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose respects diff config' '
+
+	git config color.diff always &&
+	git status -v >actual &&
+	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual &&
+	git config --unset color.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >text &&
+	echo "# text" >expect &&
+	git commit --cleanup=whitespace -F text -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	{ echo;echo "# text";echo sample;echo; } >text &&
+	echo sample >expect &&
+	git commit --cleanup=strip -F text -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+echo "sample
+
+# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
+# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit." >expect
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
+	git commit -e -F text -a &&
+	head -n 4 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+echo "#
+# Author:    $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>
+#" >> expect
+
+test_expect_success 'author different from committer' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	git commit -e -m "sample"
+	head -n 7 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+mv expect expect.tmp
+sed '$d' < expect.tmp > expect
+rm -f expect.tmp
+echo "# Committer:
+#" >> expect
+
+test_expect_success 'committer is automatic' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	(
+		unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+		unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+		# must fail because there is no change
+		test_must_fail git commit -e -m "sample"
+	) &&
+	head -n 8 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG |	\
+	sed "s/^# Committer: .*/# Committer:/" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+pwd=`pwd`
+cat >> .git/FAKE_EDITOR << EOF
+#! /bin/sh
+echo editor started > "$pwd/.git/result"
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x .git/FAKE_EDITOR
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
+
+	git clean -f &&
+	echo f >g &&
+	git add g &&
+	git commit -m "add g" &&
+	git branch second &&
+	echo master >g &&
+	echo g >h &&
+	git add g h &&
+	git commit -m "modify g and add h" &&
+	git checkout second &&
+	echo second >g &&
+	git add g &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	# Must fail due to conflict
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -n master &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR="$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR" &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit
+	) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
+pwd=`pwd`
+cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
+#! $SHELL_PATH
+# kill -TERM command added below.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success EXECKEEPSPID 'a SIGTERM should break locks' '
+	echo >>negative &&
+	! "$SHELL_PATH" -c '\''
+	  echo kill -TERM $$ >> .git/FAKE_EDITOR
+	  GIT_EDITOR=.git/FAKE_EDITOR
+	  export GIT_EDITOR
+	  exec git commit -a'\'' &&
+	test ! -f .git/index.lock
+'
+
+rm -f .git/MERGE_MSG .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+git reset -q --hard
+
+test_expect_success 'Hand committing of a redundant merge removes dups' '
+
+	git rev-parse second master >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second master &&
+	git checkout master g &&
+	EDITOR=: git commit -a &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^$/q" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'A single-liner subject with a token plus colon is not a footer' '
+
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git commit -s -m "hello: kitty" --allow-empty &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 3
+
+'
+
+cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+mv "\$1" "\$1.orig"
+(
+	echo message
+	cat "\$1.orig"
+) >"\$1"
+EOF
+
+echo '## Custom template' >template
+
+clear_config () {
+	(
+		git config --unset-all "$1"
+		case $? in
+		0|5)	exit 0 ;;
+		*)	exit 1 ;;
+		esac
+	)
+}
+
+try_commit () {
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >>negative &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=.git/FAKE_EDITOR git commit -a $* $use_template &&
+	case "$use_template" in
+	'')
+		! grep "^## Custom template" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG ;;
+	*)
+		grep "^## Custom template" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+try_commit_status_combo () {
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		try_commit "" &&
+		grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		try_commit "" &&
+		grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit --status' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		try_commit --status &&
+		grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		try_commit --no-status
+		! grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = yes' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		git config commit.status yes &&
+		try_commit "" &&
+		grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = no' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		git config commit.status no &&
+		try_commit "" &&
+		! grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = yes' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		git config commit.status yes &&
+		try_commit --status &&
+		grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = yes' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		git config commit.status yes &&
+		try_commit --no-status &&
+		! grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = no' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		git config commit.status no &&
+		try_commit --status &&
+		grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = no' '
+		clear_config commit.status &&
+		git config commit.status no &&
+		try_commit --no-status &&
+		! grep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+	'
+
+}
+
+try_commit_status_combo
+
+use_template="-t template"
+
+try_commit_status_combo
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh b/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8528f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pre-commit hook'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'with no hook' '
+
+	echo "foo" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "first"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with no hook' '
+
+	echo "bar" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "bar"
+
+'
+
+# now install hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/pre-commit"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+cat > "$HOOK" <<EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x "$HOOK"
+
+test_expect_success 'with succeeding hook' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "more"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with succeeding hook' '
+
+	echo "even more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "even more"
+
+'
+
+# now a hook that fails
+cat > "$HOOK" <<EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook' '
+
+	echo "another" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m "another"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with failing hook' '
+
+	echo "stuff" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "stuff"
+
+'
+
+chmod -x "$HOOK"
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'with non-executable hook' '
+
+	echo "content" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "content"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM '--no-verify with non-executable hook' '
+
+	echo "more content" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "more content"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1f53ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7504-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='commit-msg hook'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'with no hook' '
+
+	echo "foo" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "first"
+
+'
+
+# set up fake editor for interactive editing
+cat > fake-editor <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+cp FAKE_MSG "$1"
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x fake-editor
+
+## Not using test_set_editor here so we can easily ensure the editor variable
+## is only set for the editor tests
+FAKE_EDITOR="$(pwd)/fake-editor"
+export FAKE_EDITOR
+
+test_expect_success 'with no hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "more foo" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "more foo" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with no hook' '
+
+	echo "bar" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "bar"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with no hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "more bar" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "more bar" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify
+
+'
+
+# now install hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/commit-msg"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+cat > "$HOOK" <<EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x "$HOOK"
+
+test_expect_success 'with succeeding hook' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "more"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with succeeding hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "more more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "more more" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with succeeding hook' '
+
+	echo "even more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "even more"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with succeeding hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "even more more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "even more more" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify
+
+'
+
+# now a hook that fails
+cat > "$HOOK" <<EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook' '
+
+	echo "another" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -m "another"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "more another" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "more another" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	! (GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with failing hook' '
+
+	echo "stuff" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "stuff"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify with failing hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "more stuff" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "more stuff" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify
+
+'
+
+chmod -x "$HOOK"
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'with non-executable hook' '
+
+	echo "content" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "content"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'with non-executable hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "content again" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "content again" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -m "content again"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM '--no-verify with non-executable hook' '
+
+	echo "more content" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "more content"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM '--no-verify with non-executable hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "even more content" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "even more content" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify
+
+'
+
+# now a hook that edits the commit message
+cat > "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "new message" > "$1"
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x "$HOOK"
+
+commit_msg_is () {
+	test "`git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1`" = "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'hook edits commit message' '
+
+	echo "additional" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "additional" &&
+	commit_msg_is "new message"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hook edits commit message (editor)' '
+
+	echo "additional content" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "additional content" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit &&
+	commit_msg_is "new message"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "hook doesn't edit commit message" '
+
+	echo "plus" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-verify -m "plus" &&
+	commit_msg_is "plus"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success "hook doesn't edit commit message (editor)" '
+
+	echo "more plus" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "more plus" > FAKE_MSG &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify &&
+	commit_msg_is "more plus"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ff18962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='prepare-commit-msg hook'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'with no hook' '
+
+	echo "foo" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "first"
+
+'
+
+# set up fake editor for interactive editing
+cat > fake-editor <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x fake-editor
+
+## Not using test_set_editor here so we can easily ensure the editor variable
+## is only set for the editor tests
+FAKE_EDITOR="$(pwd)/fake-editor"
+export FAKE_EDITOR
+
+# now install hook that always succeeds and adds a message
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/prepare-commit-msg"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" > "$HOOK"
+cat >> "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+
+if test "$2" = commit; then
+  source=$(git rev-parse "$3")
+else
+  source=${2-default}
+fi
+if test "$GIT_EDITOR" = :; then
+  sed -e "1s/.*/$source (no editor)/" "$1" > msg.tmp
+else
+  sed -e "1s/.*/$source/" "$1" > msg.tmp
+fi
+mv msg.tmp "$1"
+exit 0
+EOF
+chmod +x "$HOOK"
+
+echo dummy template > "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/template"
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-m)' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "more" &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "message (no editor)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-m editor)' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -e -m "more more" &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = message
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-t)' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -t "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/template" &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = template
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-F)' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(echo more | git commit -F -) &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "message (no editor)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-F editor)' '
+
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(echo more more | GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -e -F -) &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = message
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-C)' '
+
+	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -C $head &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "$head (no editor)"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (editor)' '
+
+	echo "more more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = default
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (--amend)' '
+
+	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --amend &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "$head"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook (-c)' '
+
+	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "$head"
+
+'
+
+cat > "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook' '
+
+	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (--no-verify)' '
+
+	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
+
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh b/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..253c334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git status for submodule'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_create_repo sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		: >bar &&
+		git add bar &&
+		git commit -m " Add bar" &&
+		: >foo &&
+		git add foo &&
+		git commit -m " Add foo"
+	) &&
+	echo output > .gitignore &&
+	git add sub .gitignore &&
+	git commit -m "Add submodule sub"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status clean' '
+	git status >output &&
+	grep "nothing to commit" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --dry-run -a clean' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run -a >output &&
+	grep "nothing to commit" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with modified file in submodule' '
+	(cd sub && git reset --hard) &&
+	echo "changed" >sub/foo &&
+	git status >output &&
+	grep "modified:   sub" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with modified file in submodule (porcelain)' '
+	(cd sub && git reset --hard) &&
+	echo "changed" >sub/foo &&
+	git status --porcelain >output &&
+	diff output - <<-\EOF
+	 M sub
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with added file in submodule' '
+	(cd sub && git reset --hard && echo >foo && git add foo) &&
+	git status >output &&
+	grep "modified:   sub" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with added file in submodule (porcelain)' '
+	(cd sub && git reset --hard && echo >foo && git add foo) &&
+	git status --porcelain >output &&
+	diff output - <<-\EOF
+	 M sub
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with untracked file in submodule' '
+	(cd sub && git reset --hard) &&
+	echo "content" >sub/new-file &&
+	git status >output &&
+	grep "modified:   sub" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with untracked file in submodule (porcelain)' '
+	git status --porcelain >output &&
+	diff output - <<-\EOF
+	 M sub
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm submodule contents' '
+	rm -rf sub/* sub/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status clean (empty submodule dir)' '
+	git status >output &&
+	grep "nothing to commit" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -a clean (empty submodule dir)' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run -a >output &&
+	grep "nothing to commit" output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..da5bd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='verbose commit template'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >check-for-diff <<EOF
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+exec grep '^diff --git' "\$1"
+EOF
+chmod +x check-for-diff
+test_set_editor "$PWD/check-for-diff"
+
+cat >message <<'EOF'
+subject
+
+body
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -F message
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'initial commit shows verbose diff' '
+	git commit --amend -v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second commit' '
+	echo content modified >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -F message
+'
+
+check_message() {
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%s%n%n%b >actual &&
+	test_cmp "$1" actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out' '
+	git commit --amend -v &&
+	check_message message
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out (mnemonicprefix)' '
+	git config diff.mnemonicprefix true &&
+	git commit --amend -v &&
+	check_message message
+'
+
+cat >diff <<'EOF'
+This is an example commit message that contains a diff.
+
+diff --git c/file i/file
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..f95c11d
+--- /dev/null
++++ i/file
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++this is some content
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'diff in message is retained without -v' '
+	git commit --amend -F diff &&
+	check_message diff
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
+	git commit --amend -F diff -v &&
+	check_message diff
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..556d0fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='git status'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	: >tracked &&
+	: >modified &&
+	mkdir dir1 &&
+	: >dir1/tracked &&
+	: >dir1/modified &&
+	mkdir dir2 &&
+	: >dir1/tracked &&
+	: >dir1/modified &&
+	git add . &&
+
+	git status >output &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	: >untracked &&
+	: >dir1/untracked &&
+	: >dir2/untracked &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/modified &&
+	echo 2 >dir2/modified &&
+	echo 3 >dir2/added &&
+	git add dir2/added
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (1)' '
+
+	grep "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status (2)' '
+
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s (2)' '
+
+	git status -s >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -uno' '
+	mkdir dir3 &&
+	: >dir3/untracked1 &&
+	: >dir3/untracked2 &&
+	git status -uno >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect << EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s -uno' '
+	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles
+	git status -s -uno >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
+	git status -s >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	dir3/
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -unormal' '
+	git status -unormal >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? dir3/
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s -unormal' '
+	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles
+	git status -s -unormal >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
+	git status -s >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	dir3/untracked1
+#	dir3/untracked2
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -uall' '
+	git status -uall >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	git status >output &&
+	rm -rf dir3 &&
+	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s -uall' '
+	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles
+	git status -s -uall >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	git status -s >output &&
+	rm -rf dir3 &&
+	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   ../dir2/added
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	untracked
+#	../dir2/modified
+#	../dir2/untracked
+#	../expect
+#	../output
+#	../untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status with relative paths' '
+
+	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ M modified
+A  ../dir2/added
+?? untracked
+?? ../dir2/modified
+?? ../dir2/untracked
+?? ../expect
+?? ../output
+?? ../untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s with relative paths' '
+
+	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores relative paths setting' '
+
+	(cd dir1 && git status --porcelain) >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup unique colors' '
+
+	git config status.color.untracked blue
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
+#	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
+#	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
+#	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
+#	<BLUE>output<RESET>
+#	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status with color.ui' '
+
+	git config color.ui always &&
+	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with color.status' '
+
+	git config --unset color.ui &&
+	git config color.status always &&
+	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ <RED>M<RESET> dir1/modified
+<GREEN>A<RESET>  dir2/added
+<BLUE>??<RESET> dir1/untracked
+<BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/modified
+<BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/untracked
+<BLUE>??<RESET> expect
+<BLUE>??<RESET> output
+<BLUE>??<RESET> untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s with color.ui' '
+
+	git config --unset color.status &&
+	git config color.ui always &&
+	git status -s | test_decode_color >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s with color.status' '
+
+	git config --unset color.ui &&
+	git config color.status always &&
+	git status -s | test_decode_color >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores color.ui' '
+
+	git config --unset color.status &&
+	git config color.ui always &&
+	git status --porcelain | test_decode_color >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores color.status' '
+
+	git config --unset color.ui &&
+	git config color.status always &&
+	git status --porcelain | test_decode_color >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+# recover unconditionally from color tests
+git config --unset color.status
+git config --unset color.ui
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status without relative paths' '
+
+	git config status.relativePaths false
+	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s without relative paths' '
+
+	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+
+'
+
+cat <<EOF >expect
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'dry-run of partial commit excluding new file in index' '
+	git commit --dry-run dir1/modified >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup status submodule summary' '
+	test_create_repo sm && (
+		cd sm &&
+		>foo &&
+		git add foo &&
+		git commit -m "Add foo"
+	) &&
+	git add sm
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#	new file:   sm
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary is disabled by default' '
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+# we expect the same as the previous test
+test_expect_success 'status --untracked-files=all does not show submodule' '
+	git status --untracked-files=all >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+A  sm
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary is disabled by default' '
+	git status -s >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+# we expect the same as the previous test
+test_expect_success 'status -s --untracked-files=all does not show submodule' '
+	git status -s --untracked-files=all >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#	new file:   sm
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Submodule changes to be committed:
+#
+# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
+#   > Add foo
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary' '
+	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+A  dir2/added
+A  sm
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary' '
+	git status -s >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule)' '
+	git commit -m "commit submodule" &&
+	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
+	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ M dir1/modified
+?? dir1/untracked
+?? dir2/modified
+?? dir2/untracked
+?? expect
+?? output
+?? untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary (clean submodule)' '
+	git status -s >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	new file:   dir2/added
+#	new file:   sm
+#
+# Changed but not updated:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
+#	modified:   dir1/modified
+#
+# Submodule changes to be committed:
+#
+# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
+#   > Add foo
+#
+# Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
+#	dir1/untracked
+#	dir2/modified
+#	dir2/untracked
+#	expect
+#	output
+#	untracked
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'commit --dry-run submodule summary (--amend)' '
+	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
+	git commit --dry-run --amend >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7509-commit.sh b/t/t7509-commit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d52c060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7509-commit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Erick Mattos
+#
+
+test_description='git commit --reset-author'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+author_header () {
+	git cat-file commit "$1" |
+	sed -n -e '/^$/q' -e '/^author /p'
+}
+
+message_body () {
+	git cat-file commit "$1" |
+	sed -e '1,/^$/d'
+}
+
+test_expect_success '-C option copies authorship and message' '
+	echo "Initial" >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Initial Commit" --author Frigate\ \<flying@over.world\> &&
+	git tag Initial &&
+	echo "Test 1" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -C Initial &&
+	author_header Initial >expect &&
+	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	message_body Initial >expect &&
+	message_body HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-C option copies only the message with --reset-author' '
+	echo "Test 2" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -C Initial --reset-author &&
+	echo "author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	author_header HEAD >actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	message_body Initial >expect &&
+	message_body HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c option copies authorship and message' '
+	echo "Test 3" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	EDITOR=: VISUAL=: git commit -a -c Initial &&
+	author_header Initial >expect &&
+	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c option copies only the message with --reset-author' '
+	echo "Test 4" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	EDITOR=: VISUAL=: git commit -a -c Initial --reset-author &&
+	echo "author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	message_body Initial >expect &&
+	message_body HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--amend option copies authorship' '
+	git checkout Initial &&
+	echo "Test 5" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a --amend -m "amend test" &&
+	author_header Initial >expect &&
+	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+
+	echo "amend test" >expect &&
+	message_body HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--reset-author makes the commit ours even with --amend option' '
+	git checkout Initial &&
+	echo "Test 6" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a --reset-author -m "Changed again" --amend &&
+	echo "author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "Changed again" >expect &&
+	message_body HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--reset-author and --author are mutually exclusive' '
+	git checkout Initial &&
+	echo "Test 7" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -a --reset-author --author="Xyzzy <frotz@nitfol.xz>"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--reset-author should be rejected without -c/-C/--amend' '
+	git checkout Initial &&
+	echo "Test 7" >>foo &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -a --reset-author -m done
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..57f6d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
+#
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing basic merge operations/option parsing.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >file <<EOF
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+EOF
+
+cat >file.1 <<EOF
+1 X
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+EOF
+
+cat >file.5 <<EOF
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5 X
+6
+7
+8
+9
+EOF
+
+cat >file.9 <<EOF
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9 X
+EOF
+
+cat  >result.1 <<EOF
+1 X
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+EOF
+
+cat >result.1-5 <<EOF
+1 X
+2
+3
+4
+5 X
+6
+7
+8
+9
+EOF
+
+cat >result.1-5-9 <<EOF
+1 X
+2
+3
+4
+5 X
+6
+7
+8
+9 X
+EOF
+
+create_merge_msgs() {
+	echo "Merge commit 'c2'" >msg.1-5 &&
+	echo "Merge commit 'c2'; commit 'c3'" >msg.1-5-9 &&
+	echo "Squashed commit of the following:" >squash.1 &&
+	echo >>squash.1 &&
+	git log --no-merges ^HEAD c1 >>squash.1 &&
+	echo "Squashed commit of the following:" >squash.1-5 &&
+	echo >>squash.1-5 &&
+	git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 >>squash.1-5 &&
+	echo "Squashed commit of the following:" >squash.1-5-9 &&
+	echo >>squash.1-5-9 &&
+	git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 c3 >>squash.1-5-9 &&
+	echo > msg.nolog &&
+	echo "* commit 'c3':" >msg.log &&
+	echo "  commit 3" >>msg.log &&
+	echo >>msg.log
+}
+
+verify_diff() {
+	if ! test_cmp "$1" "$2"
+	then
+		echo "$3"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+verify_merge() {
+	verify_diff "$2" "$1" "[OOPS] bad merge result" &&
+	if test $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) -gt 0
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] unmerged files"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	if test_must_fail git diff --exit-code
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] working tree != index"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	if test -n "$3"
+	then
+		git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >msg.act &&
+		verify_diff "$3" msg.act "[OOPS] bad merge message"
+	fi
+}
+
+verify_head() {
+	if test "$1" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] HEAD != $1"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+verify_parents() {
+	i=1
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		if test "$1" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD^$i)"
+		then
+			echo "[OOPS] HEAD^$i != $1"
+			return 1
+		fi
+		i=$(expr $i + 1)
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+verify_mergeheads() {
+	i=1
+	if ! test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] MERGE_HEAD is missing"
+		false
+	fi &&
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		head=$(head -n $i .git/MERGE_HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+		if test "$1" != "$head"
+		then
+			echo "[OOPS] MERGE_HEAD $i != $1"
+			return 1
+		fi
+		i=$(expr $i + 1)
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+verify_no_mergehead() {
+	if test -f .git/MERGE_HEAD
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] MERGE_HEAD exists"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "commit 0" &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	c0=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	cp file.1 file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "commit 1" &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	c1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
+	cp file.5 file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "commit 2" &&
+	git tag c2 &&
+	c2=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
+	cp file.9 file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "commit 3" &&
+	git tag c3 &&
+	c3=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
+	create_merge_msgs
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'test option parsing' '
+	test_must_fail git merge -$ c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-such c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s foobar c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s=foobar c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -m &&
+	test_must_fail git merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reject non-strategy with a git-merge-foo name' '
+	test_must_fail git merge -s index c1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_head "$c1"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 with --ff-only' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --ff-only c1 &&
+	git merge --ff-only HEAD c0 c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_head "$c1"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 and c3' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge c2 c3 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5-9 msg.1-5-9 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2 $c3
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'failing merges with --ff-only' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only c2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only c3 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only c2 c3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-commit)' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --no-commit c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_head $c1
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge --no-commit c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+	verify_head $c1 &&
+	verify_mergeheads $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 and c3 (no-commit)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge --no-commit c2 c3 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5-9 &&
+	verify_head $c1 &&
+	verify_mergeheads $c2 $c3
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (squash)' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --squash c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_head $c0 &&
+	verify_no_mergehead &&
+	verify_diff squash.1 .git/SQUASH_MSG "[OOPS] bad squash message"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (squash, ff-only)' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --squash --ff-only c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_head $c0 &&
+	verify_no_mergehead &&
+	verify_diff squash.1 .git/SQUASH_MSG "[OOPS] bad squash message"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge --squash c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+	verify_head $c1 &&
+	verify_no_mergehead &&
+	verify_diff squash.1-5 .git/SQUASH_MSG "[OOPS] bad squash message"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'unsuccesful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --squash --ff-only c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 and c3 (squash)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge --squash c2 c3 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5-9 &&
+	verify_head $c1 &&
+	verify_no_mergehead &&
+	verify_diff squash.1-5-9 .git/SQUASH_MSG "[OOPS] bad squash message"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	git merge c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+	verify_head $c1 &&
+	verify_mergeheads $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash in config)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	git merge c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+	verify_head $c1 &&
+	verify_no_mergehead &&
+	verify_diff squash.1-5 .git/SQUASH_MSG "[OOPS] bad squash message"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2 &&
+	if ! grep "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] diffstat was not generated with --summary"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --stat' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --stat c2 >diffstat.txt &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2 &&
+	if ! grep "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] diffstat was not generated with --stat"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'override config option --stat' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2 &&
+	if grep "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
+	then
+		echo "[OOPS] diffstat was generated"
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --no-commit)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --commit c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --squash)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --no-squash c2 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
+	verify_parents $c1 $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-ff)' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge --no-ff c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_parents $c0 $c1
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'combining --squash and --no-ff is refused' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --squash --no-ff c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --squash c1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combining --ff-only and --no-ff is refused' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --no-ff c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (ff overrides no-ff)' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	git merge --ff c1 &&
+	verify_merge file result.1 &&
+	verify_head $c1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge log message' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --no-log c2 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	verify_diff msg.nolog msg.act "[OOPS] bad merge log message" &&
+
+	git merge --log c3 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	verify_diff msg.log msg.act "[OOPS] bad merge log message" &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git config merge.log yes &&
+	git merge c3 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	verify_diff msg.log msg.act "[OOPS] bad merge log message"
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
+       git reset --hard c1 &&
+       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
+       test_tick &&
+       git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
+       verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+       verify_parents $c1 $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
+       git reset --hard c1 &&
+       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
+       test_tick &&
+       git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
+       verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+       verify_parents $c1 $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c1 and c2' '
+       git reset --hard c1 &&
+       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
+       test_tick &&
+       git merge c1 c2 &&
+       verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
+       verify_parents $c1 $c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge fast-forward in a dirty tree' '
+       git reset --hard c0 &&
+       mv file file1 &&
+       cat file1 >file &&
+       rm -f file1 &&
+       git merge c2
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-index merge' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --no-ff -s resolve c1 > out &&
+	grep "Wonderful." out &&
+	verify_parents $c0 $c1
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'refresh the index before merging' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	sleep 1 &&
+	touch file &&
+	git merge c3
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+Merge branch 'c5' (early part)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge early part of c2' '
+	git reset --hard c3 &&
+	echo c4 > c4.c &&
+	git add c4.c &&
+	git commit -m c4 &&
+	git tag c4 &&
+	echo c5 > c5.c &&
+	git add c5.c &&
+	git commit -m c5 &&
+	git tag c5 &&
+	git reset --hard c3 &&
+	echo c6 > c6.c &&
+	git add c6.c &&
+	git commit -m c6 &&
+	git tag c6 &&
+	git merge c5~1 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD > actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge --no-ff --no-commit && commit' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge --no-ff --no-commit c1 &&
+	EDITOR=: git commit &&
+	verify_parents $c0 $c1
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_expect_success 'amending no-ff merge commit' '
+	EDITOR=: git commit --amend &&
+	verify_parents $c0 $c1
+'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7ba94ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing pull.* configuration parsing.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 >c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	echo c1 >c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m c1 &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c2 >c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c2 &&
+	git tag c2 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c3 >c3.c &&
+	git add c3.c &&
+	git commit -m c3 &&
+	git tag c3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test ! -f c2.c &&
+	test ! -f c3.c &&
+	git merge c2 &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (ours in pull.twohead)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config pull.twohead ours &&
+	git merge c2 &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	! test -f c2.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 and c3 (recursive in pull.octopus)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config pull.octopus "recursive" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c2 c3 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 and c3 (recursive and octopus in pull.octopus)' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git config pull.octopus "recursive octopus" &&
+	git merge c2 c3 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c3)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^3)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c &&
+	test -f c3.c
+'
+
+conflict_count()
+{
+	{
+		git diff-files --name-only
+		git ls-files --unmerged
+	} | wc -l
+}
+
+# c4 - c5
+#    \ c6
+#
+# There are two conflicts here:
+#
+# 1) Because foo.c is renamed to bar.c, recursive will handle this,
+# resolve won't.
+#
+# 2) One in conflict.c and that will always fail.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup conflicted merge' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo A >conflict.c &&
+	git add conflict.c &&
+	echo contents >foo.c &&
+	git add foo.c &&
+	git commit -m c4 &&
+	git tag c4 &&
+	echo B >conflict.c &&
+	git add conflict.c &&
+	git mv foo.c bar.c &&
+	git commit -m c5 &&
+	git tag c5 &&
+	git reset --hard c4 &&
+	echo C >conflict.c &&
+	git add conflict.c &&
+	echo secondline >> foo.c &&
+	git add foo.c &&
+	git commit -m c6 &&
+	git tag c6
+'
+
+# First do the merge with resolve and recursive then verify that
+# recusive is choosen.
+
+test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
+	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge -s resolve c6
+	resolve_count=$(conflict_count) &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge -s recursive c6
+	recursive_count=$(conflict_count) &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge -s recursive -s resolve c6
+	auto_count=$(conflict_count) &&
+	test $auto_count = $recursive_count &&
+	test $auto_count != $resolve_count
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result (from config)' '
+	git config pull.twohead "recursive resolve" &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge -s resolve c6
+	resolve_count=$(conflict_count) &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge -s recursive c6
+	recursive_count=$(conflict_count) &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge c6
+	auto_count=$(conflict_count) &&
+	test $auto_count = $recursive_count &&
+	test $auto_count != $resolve_count
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge errors out on invalid strategy' '
+	git config pull.twohead "foobar" &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge errors out on invalid strategy' '
+	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s "resolve recursive" c6
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2746169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing octopus merge with more than 25 refs.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 > c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	i=1 &&
+	while test $i -le 30
+	do
+		git reset --hard c0 &&
+		echo c$i > c$i.c &&
+		git add c$i.c &&
+		git commit -m c$i &&
+		git tag c$i &&
+		i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2, c3, c4, ... c29' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	i=2 &&
+	refs="" &&
+	while test $i -le 30
+	do
+		refs="$refs c$i"
+		i=`expr $i + 1`
+	done
+	git merge $refs &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	i=1 &&
+	while test $i -le 30
+	do
+		test "$(git rev-parse c$i)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^$i)" &&
+		i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+	done &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	i=1 &&
+	while test $i -le 30
+	do
+		test -f c$i.c &&
+		i=`expr $i + 1` || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+Trying simple merge with c2
+Trying simple merge with c3
+Trying simple merge with c4
+Merge made by octopus.
+ c2.c |    1 +
+ c3.c |    1 +
+ c4.c |    1 +
+ 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 c2.c
+ create mode 100644 c3.c
+ create mode 100644 c4.c
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge output uses pretty names' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge c2 c3 c4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+Already up-to-date with c4
+Trying simple merge with c5
+Merge made by octopus.
+ c5.c |    1 +
+ 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 c5.c
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge up-to-date output uses pretty names' '
+	git merge c4 c5 >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+Fast-forwarding to: c1
+Trying simple merge with c2
+Merge made by octopus.
+ c1.c |    1 +
+ c2.c |    1 +
+ 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+ create mode 100644 c1.c
+ create mode 100644 c2.c
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'merge fast-forward output uses pretty names' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge c1 c2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh b/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7e17eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing octopus merge when reducing parents to independent branches.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# 0 - 1
+#   \ 2
+#   \ 3
+#   \ 4 - 5
+#
+# So 1, 2, 3 and 5 should be kept, 4 should be avoided.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 > c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	echo c1 > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m c1 &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c2 > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c2 &&
+	git tag c2 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c3 > c3.c &&
+	git add c3.c &&
+	git commit -m c3 &&
+	git tag c3 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c4 > c4.c &&
+	git add c4.c &&
+	git commit -m c4 &&
+	git tag c4 &&
+	echo c5 > c5.c &&
+	git add c5.c &&
+	git commit -m c5 &&
+	git tag c5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2, c3, c4, c5' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge c2 c3 c4 c5 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c3)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^3)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c5)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^4)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c &&
+	test -f c3.c &&
+	test -f c4.c &&
+	test -f c5.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	for i in A B C D E
+	do
+		echo $i > $i.c &&
+		git add $i.c &&
+		git commit -m $i &&
+		git tag $i
+	done &&
+	git reset --hard A &&
+	for i in F G H I
+	do
+		echo $i > $i.c &&
+		git add $i.c &&
+		git commit -m $i &&
+		git tag $i
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge E and I' '
+	git reset --hard A &&
+	git merge E I
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse E) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse I)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard E &&
+	echo foo > file.c &&
+	git add file.c &&
+	git commit -m E2 &&
+	git tag E2 &&
+	git reset --hard I &&
+	echo bar >file.c &&
+	git add file.c &&
+	git commit -m I2 &&
+	git tag I2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge E2 and I2, causing a conflict and resolve it' '
+	git reset --hard A &&
+	test_must_fail git merge E2 I2 &&
+	echo baz > file.c &&
+	git add file.c &&
+	git commit -m "resolve conflict"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse E2) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse I2)
+'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7604-merge-custom-message.sh b/t/t7604-merge-custom-message.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..269cfdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7604-merge-custom-message.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing merge when using a custom message for the merge commit.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 > c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	echo c1 > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m c1 &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c2 > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c2 &&
+	git tag c2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c2 with a custom message' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	echo >expected "custom message" &&
+	git merge -m "custom message" c2 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh b/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0cb9d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7605-merge-resolve.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing the resolve strategy.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 > c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	echo c1 > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m c1 &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c2 > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c2 &&
+	git tag c2 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c3 > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c3 &&
+	git tag c3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c1 to c2' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge -s resolve c2 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c &&
+	test 3 = $(git ls-tree -r HEAD | wc -l) &&
+	test 3 = $(git ls-files | wc -l)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c2 to c3 (fails)' '
+	git reset --hard c2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve c3
+'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7606-merge-custom.sh b/t/t7606-merge-custom.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..52a451dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7606-merge-custom.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git merge
+
+Testing a custom strategy.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >git-merge-theirs <<EOF
+#!$SHELL_PATH
+eval git read-tree --reset -u \\\$\$#
+EOF
+chmod +x git-merge-theirs
+PATH=.:$PATH
+export PATH
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 >c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	echo c1 >c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m c1 &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c1c1 >c1.c &&
+	echo c2 >c2.c &&
+	git add c1.c c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c2 &&
+	git tag c2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge c2 with a custom strategy' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git merge -s theirs c2 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2^{tree})" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree})" &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	git diff --exit-code c2 HEAD &&
+	git diff --exit-code c2 &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	grep c1c1 c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..49f4e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-merge
+
+Do not overwrite changes.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo c0 > c0.c &&
+	git add c0.c &&
+	git commit -m c0 &&
+	git tag c0 &&
+	echo c1 > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m c1 &&
+	git tag c1 &&
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	echo c2 > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	git commit -m c2 &&
+	git tag c2 &&
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	echo "c1 a" > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	git commit -m "c1 a" &&
+	git tag c1a &&
+	echo "VERY IMPORTANT CHANGES" > important
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'will not overwrite untracked file' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	cat important > c2.c &&
+	! git merge c2 &&
+	test_cmp important c2.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'will not overwrite new file' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	cat important > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	! git merge c2 &&
+	test_cmp important c2.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'will not overwrite staged changes' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	cat important > c2.c &&
+	git add c2.c &&
+	rm c2.c &&
+	! git merge c2 &&
+	git checkout c2.c &&
+	test_cmp important c2.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'will not overwrite removed file' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git rm c1.c &&
+	git commit -m "rm c1.c" &&
+	cat important > c1.c &&
+	! git merge c1a &&
+	test_cmp important c1.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'will not overwrite re-added file' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git rm c1.c &&
+	git commit -m "rm c1.c" &&
+	cat important > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	! git merge c1a &&
+	test_cmp important c1.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'will not overwrite removed file with staged changes' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git rm c1.c &&
+	git commit -m "rm c1.c" &&
+	cat important > c1.c &&
+	git add c1.c &&
+	rm c1.c &&
+	! git merge c1a &&
+	git checkout c1.c &&
+	test_cmp important c1.c
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh b/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..28d5679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test auto-generated merge messages'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+check_oneline() {
+	echo "$1" | sed "s/Q/'/g" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'merge local branch' '
+	test_commit master-1 &&
+	git checkout -b local-branch &&
+	test_commit branch-1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit master-2 &&
+	git merge local-branch &&
+	check_oneline "Merge branch Qlocal-branchQ"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge octopus branches' '
+	git checkout -b octopus-a master &&
+	test_commit octopus-1 &&
+	git checkout -b octopus-b master &&
+	test_commit octopus-2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge octopus-a octopus-b &&
+	check_oneline "Merge branches Qoctopus-aQ and Qoctopus-bQ"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge tag' '
+	git checkout -b tag-branch master &&
+	test_commit tag-1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit master-3 &&
+	git merge tag-1 &&
+	check_oneline "Merge commit Qtag-1Q"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous tag' '
+	git checkout -b ambiguous master &&
+	test_commit ambiguous &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit master-4 &&
+	git merge ambiguous &&
+	check_oneline "Merge commit QambiguousQ"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote branch' '
+	git checkout -b remote master &&
+	test_commit remote-1 &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master remote &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit master-5 &&
+	git merge origin/master &&
+	check_oneline "Merge remote branch Qorigin/masterQ"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e768c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Charles Bailey
+#
+
+test_description='git mergetool
+
+Testing basic merge tool invocation'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# All the mergetool test work by checking out a temporary branch based
+# off 'branch1' and then merging in master and checking the results of
+# running mergetool
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    echo master >file1 &&
+    mkdir subdir &&
+    echo master sub >subdir/file3 &&
+    git add file1 subdir/file3 &&
+    git commit -m "added file1" &&
+
+    git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+    echo branch1 change >file1 &&
+    echo branch1 newfile >file2 &&
+    echo branch1 sub >subdir/file3 &&
+    git add file1 file2 subdir/file3 &&
+    git commit -m "branch1 changes" &&
+
+    git checkout master &&
+    echo master updated >file1 &&
+    echo master new >file2 &&
+    echo master new sub >subdir/file3 &&
+    git add file1 file2 subdir/file3 &&
+    git commit -m "master updates" &&
+
+    git config merge.tool mytool &&
+    git config mergetool.mytool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+    git config mergetool.mytool.trustExitCode true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'custom mergetool' '
+    git checkout -b test1 branch1 &&
+    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    test "$(cat file1)" = "master updated" &&
+    test "$(cat file2)" = "master new" &&
+    test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool crlf' '
+    git config core.autocrlf true &&
+    git checkout -b test2 branch1
+    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    test "$(printf x | cat file1 -)" = "$(printf "master updated\r\nx")" &&
+    test "$(printf x | cat file2 -)" = "$(printf "master new\r\nx")" &&
+    test "$(printf x | cat subdir/file3 -)" = "$(printf "master new sub\r\nx")" &&
+    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - autocrlf" &&
+    git config core.autocrlf false &&
+    git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool in subdir' '
+    git checkout -b test3 branch1
+    cd subdir && (
+    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+    ( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+    test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" )
+'
+
+# We can't merge files from parent directories when running mergetool
+# from a subdir. Is this a bug?
+#
+#test_expect_failure 'mergetool in subdir' '
+#    cd subdir && (
+#    ( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+#    ( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+#    test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+#    test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+#    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir" )
+#'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7700-repack.sh b/t/t7700-repack.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f4aa054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7700-repack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git repack works correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'objects in packs marked .keep are not repacked' '
+	echo content1 > file1 &&
+	echo content2 > file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m initial_commit &&
+	# Create two packs
+	# The first pack will contain all of the objects except one
+	git rev-list --objects --all | grep -v file2 |
+		git pack-objects pack > /dev/null &&
+	# The second pack will contain the excluded object
+	packsha1=$(git rev-list --objects --all | grep file2 |
+		git pack-objects pack) &&
+	touch -r pack-$packsha1.pack pack-$packsha1.keep &&
+	objsha1=$(git verify-pack -v pack-$packsha1.idx | head -n 1 |
+		sed -e "s/^\([0-9a-f]\{40\}\).*/\1/") &&
+	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
+	git repack -A -d -l &&
+	git prune-packed &&
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		idx=$(basename $p)
+		test "pack-$packsha1.idx" = "$idx" && continue
+		if git verify-pack -v $p | egrep "^$objsha1"; then
+			found_duplicate_object=1
+			echo "DUPLICATE OBJECT FOUND"
+			break
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test -z "$found_duplicate_object"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'loose objects in alternate ODB are not repacked' '
+	mkdir alt_objects &&
+	echo `pwd`/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	echo content3 > file3 &&
+	objsha1=$(GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=alt_objects git hash-object -w file3) &&
+	git add file3 &&
+	git commit -m commit_file3 &&
+	git repack -a -d -l &&
+	git prune-packed &&
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		if git verify-pack -v $p | egrep "^$objsha1"; then
+			found_duplicate_object=1
+			echo "DUPLICATE OBJECT FOUND"
+			break
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test -z "$found_duplicate_object"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'packed obs in alt ODB are repacked even when local repo is packless' '
+	mkdir alt_objects/pack
+	mv .git/objects/pack/* alt_objects/pack &&
+	git repack -a &&
+	myidx=$(ls -1 .git/objects/pack/*.idx) &&
+	test -f "$myidx" &&
+	for p in alt_objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		git verify-pack -v $p | sed -n -e "/^[0-9a-f]\{40\}/p"
+	done | while read sha1 rest; do
+		if ! ( git verify-pack -v $myidx | grep "^$sha1" ); then
+			echo "Missing object in local pack: $sha1"
+			return 1
+		fi
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'packed obs in alt ODB are repacked when local repo has packs' '
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+	echo new_content >> file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m more_content &&
+	git repack &&
+	git repack -a -d &&
+	myidx=$(ls -1 .git/objects/pack/*.idx) &&
+	test -f "$myidx" &&
+	for p in alt_objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		git verify-pack -v $p | sed -n -e "/^[0-9a-f]\{40\}/p"
+	done | while read sha1 rest; do
+		if ! ( git verify-pack -v $myidx | grep "^$sha1" ); then
+			echo "Missing object in local pack: $sha1"
+			return 1
+		fi
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'packed obs in alternate ODB kept pack are repacked' '
+	# swap the .keep so the commit object is in the pack with .keep
+	for p in alt_objects/pack/*.pack
+	do
+		base_name=$(basename $p .pack)
+		if test -f alt_objects/pack/$base_name.keep
+		then
+			rm alt_objects/pack/$base_name.keep
+		else
+			touch alt_objects/pack/$base_name.keep
+		fi
+	done
+	git repack -a -d &&
+	myidx=$(ls -1 .git/objects/pack/*.idx) &&
+	test -f "$myidx" &&
+	for p in alt_objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		git verify-pack -v $p | sed -n -e "/^[0-9a-f]\{40\}/p"
+	done | while read sha1 rest; do
+		if ! ( git verify-pack -v $myidx | grep "^$sha1" ); then
+			echo "Missing object in local pack: $sha1"
+			return 1
+		fi
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'packed unreachable obs in alternate ODB are not loosened' '
+	rm -f alt_objects/pack/*.keep &&
+	mv .git/objects/pack/* alt_objects/pack/ &&
+	csha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{commit}) &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	sleep 1 &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=now --expire-unreachable=now --all &&
+	# The pack-objects call on the next line is equivalent to
+	# git repack -A -d without the call to prune-packed
+	git pack-objects --honor-pack-keep --non-empty --all --reflog \
+	    --unpack-unreachable </dev/null pack &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
+	test 0 = $(git verify-pack -v -- .git/objects/pack/*.idx |
+		egrep "^$csha1 " | sort | uniq | wc -l) &&
+	echo > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	test_must_fail git show $csha1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local packed unreachable obs that exist in alternate ODB are not loosened' '
+	echo `pwd`/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	echo "$csha1" | git pack-objects --non-empty --all --reflog pack &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
+	# The pack-objects call on the next line is equivalent to
+	# git repack -A -d without the call to prune-packed
+	git pack-objects --honor-pack-keep --non-empty --all --reflog \
+	    --unpack-unreachable </dev/null pack &&
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
+	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
+	test 0 = $(git verify-pack -v -- .git/objects/pack/*.idx |
+		egrep "^$csha1 " | sort | uniq | wc -l) &&
+	echo > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
+	test_must_fail git show $csha1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'objects made unreachable by grafts only are kept' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "commit 4" &&
+	H0=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	H1=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
+	H2=$(git rev-parse HEAD^^) &&
+	echo "$H0 $H2" > .git/info/grafts &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=now --expire-unreachable=now --all &&
+	git repack -a -d &&
+	git cat-file -t $H1
+	'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh b/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5babdf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git repack works correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+fsha1=
+csha1=
+tsha1=
+
+test_expect_success '-A with -d option leaves unreachable objects unpacked' '
+	echo content > file1 &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m initial_commit &&
+	# create a transient branch with unique content
+	git checkout -b transient_branch &&
+	echo more content >> file1 &&
+	# record the objects created in the database for file, commit, tree
+	fsha1=$(git hash-object file1) &&
+	git commit -a -m more_content &&
+	csha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{commit}) &&
+	tsha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo even more content >> file1 &&
+	git commit -a -m even_more_content &&
+	# delete the transient branch
+	git branch -D transient_branch &&
+	# pack the repo
+	git repack -A -d -l &&
+	# verify objects are packed in repository
+	test 3 = $(git verify-pack -v -- .git/objects/pack/*.idx |
+		   egrep "^($fsha1|$csha1|$tsha1) " |
+		   sort | uniq | wc -l) &&
+	git show $fsha1 &&
+	git show $csha1 &&
+	git show $tsha1 &&
+	# now expire the reflog
+	sleep 1 &&
+	git reflog expire --expire-unreachable=now --all &&
+	# and repack
+	git repack -A -d -l &&
+	# verify objects are retained unpacked
+	test 0 = $(git verify-pack -v -- .git/objects/pack/*.idx |
+		   egrep "^($fsha1|$csha1|$tsha1) " |
+		   sort | uniq | wc -l) &&
+	git show $fsha1 &&
+	git show $csha1 &&
+	git show $tsha1
+'
+
+compare_mtimes ()
+{
+	read tref rest &&
+	while read t rest; do
+		test "$tref" = "$t" || break
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success '-A without -d option leaves unreachable objects packed' '
+	fsha1path=$(echo "$fsha1" | sed -e "s|\(..\)|\1/|") &&
+	fsha1path=".git/objects/$fsha1path" &&
+	csha1path=$(echo "$csha1" | sed -e "s|\(..\)|\1/|") &&
+	csha1path=".git/objects/$csha1path" &&
+	tsha1path=$(echo "$tsha1" | sed -e "s|\(..\)|\1/|") &&
+	tsha1path=".git/objects/$tsha1path" &&
+	git branch transient_branch $csha1 &&
+	git repack -a -d -l &&
+	test ! -f "$fsha1path" &&
+	test ! -f "$csha1path" &&
+	test ! -f "$tsha1path" &&
+	test 1 = $(ls -1 .git/objects/pack/pack-*.pack | wc -l) &&
+	packfile=$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-*.pack) &&
+	git branch -D transient_branch &&
+	sleep 1 &&
+	git repack -A -l &&
+	test ! -f "$fsha1path" &&
+	test ! -f "$csha1path" &&
+	test ! -f "$tsha1path" &&
+	git show $fsha1 &&
+	git show $csha1 &&
+	git show $tsha1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unpacked objects receive timestamp of pack file' '
+	tmppack=".git/objects/pack/tmp_pack" &&
+	ln "$packfile" "$tmppack" &&
+	git repack -A -l -d &&
+	test-chmtime -v +0 "$tmppack" "$fsha1path" "$csha1path" "$tsha1path" \
+		> mtimes &&
+	compare_mtimes < mtimes
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..19c72f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+#
+
+test_description='git-difftool
+
+Testing basic diff tool invocation
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping difftool tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+LF='
+'
+
+remove_config_vars()
+{
+	# Unset all config variables used by git-difftool
+	git config --unset diff.tool
+	git config --unset diff.guitool
+	git config --unset difftool.test-tool.cmd
+	git config --unset difftool.prompt
+	git config --unset merge.tool
+	git config --unset mergetool.test-tool.cmd
+	git config --unset mergetool.prompt
+	return 0
+}
+
+restore_test_defaults()
+{
+	# Restores the test defaults used by several tests
+	remove_config_vars
+	unset GIT_DIFF_TOOL
+	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT
+	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT
+	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat $LOCAL'
+	git config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
+}
+
+prompt_given()
+{
+	prompt="$1"
+	test "$prompt" = "Hit return to launch 'test-tool': branch"
+}
+
+# Create a file on master and change it on branch
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo master >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "added file" &&
+
+	git checkout -b branch master &&
+	echo branch >file &&
+	git commit -a -m "branch changed file" &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+# Configure a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd and use it
+test_expect_success 'custom commands' '
+	restore_test_defaults &&
+	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "master" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults &&
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch"
+'
+
+# Ensures that git-difftool ignores bogus --tool values
+test_expect_success 'difftool ignores bad --tool values' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch)
+	test "$?" = 1 &&
+	test "$diff" = ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool honors --gui' '
+	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
+	git config --unset diff.tool
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
+	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
+# that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
+	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
+	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool &&
+	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt to difftool
+# when $GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT is true
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT variable' '
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true &&
+	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# git-difftool supports the difftool.prompt variable.
+# Test that GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT can override difftool.prompt = false
+test_expect_success 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT variable' '
+	git config difftool.prompt false &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true &&
+	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT &&
+
+	prompt=$(echo | git difftool branch | tail -1) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when difftool.prompt is false
+test_expect_success 'difftool.prompt config variable is false' '
+	git config difftool.prompt false &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
+test_expect_success 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
+	git config --unset difftool.prompt
+	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test that the -y flag can override difftool.prompt = true
+test_expect_success 'difftool.prompt can overridden with -y' '
+	git config difftool.prompt true &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool -y branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test that the --prompt flag can override difftool.prompt = false
+test_expect_success 'difftool.prompt can overridden with --prompt' '
+	git config difftool.prompt false &&
+
+	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# Test that the last flag passed on the command-line wins
+test_expect_success 'difftool last flag wins' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults &&
+
+	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+# git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
+# so test that behavior here
+test_expect_success 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
+	remove_config_vars
+	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
+	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	# set merge.tool to something bogus, diff.tool to test-tool
+	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
+
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool.<tool>.path' '
+	git config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
+	diff=$(git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch) &&
+	git config --unset difftool.tkdiff.path &&
+	lines=$(echo "$diff" | grep file | wc -l) &&
+	test "$lines" -eq 1 &&
+
+	restore_test_defaults
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool --extcmd=cat' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool --extcmd cat' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd cat branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool -x cat' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch) &&
+	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch)
+	test "$diff" = file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch)
+	test "$diff" = master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
+	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch)
+	test "$diff" = branch
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t8001-annotate.sh b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..45cb60e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git annotate'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+PROG='git annotate'
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Annotating an old revision works' \
+    '[ $(git annotate file master | awk "{print \$3}" | grep -c "^A$") -eq 2 ] && \
+     [ $(git annotate file master | awk "{print \$3}" | grep -c "^B$") -eq 2 ]'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..597cf04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git blame'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+PROG='git blame -c'
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame.sh b/t/t8003-blame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ad834f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8003-blame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git blame corner cases'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pick_fc='s/^[0-9a-f^]* *\([^ ]*\) *(\([^ ]*\) .*/\1-\2/'
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+
+	echo A A A A A >one &&
+	echo B B B B B >two &&
+	echo C C C C C >tres &&
+	echo ABC >mouse &&
+	git add one two tres mouse &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Initial git commit -m Initial &&
+
+	cat one >uno &&
+	mv two dos &&
+	cat one >>tres &&
+	echo DEF >>mouse
+	git add uno dos tres mouse &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Second git commit -a -m Second &&
+
+	echo GHIJK >>mouse &&
+	git add mouse &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Third git commit -m Third &&
+
+	cat mouse >cow &&
+	git add cow &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Fourth git commit -m Fourth &&
+
+	{
+		echo ABC
+		echo DEF
+		echo XXXX
+		echo GHIJK
+	} >cow &&
+	git add cow &&
+	test_tick &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Fifth git commit -m Fifth
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'straight copy without -C' '
+
+	git blame uno | grep Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'straight move without -C' '
+
+	git blame dos | grep Initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'straight copy with -C' '
+
+	git blame -C1 uno | grep Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'straight move with -C' '
+
+	git blame -C1 dos | grep Initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'straight copy with -C -C' '
+
+	git blame -C -C1 uno | grep Initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'straight move with -C -C' '
+
+	git blame -C -C1 dos | grep Initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'append without -C' '
+
+	git blame -L2 tres | grep Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'append with -C' '
+
+	git blame -L2 -C1 tres | grep Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'append with -C -C' '
+
+	git blame -L2 -C -C1 tres | grep Second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'append with -C -C -C' '
+
+	git blame -L2 -C -C -C1 tres | grep Initial
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame wholesale copy' '
+
+	git blame -f -C -C1 HEAD^ -- cow | sed -e "$pick_fc" >current &&
+	{
+		echo mouse-Initial
+		echo mouse-Second
+		echo mouse-Third
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame wholesale copy and more' '
+
+	git blame -f -C -C1 HEAD -- cow | sed -e "$pick_fc" >current &&
+	{
+		echo mouse-Initial
+		echo mouse-Second
+		echo cow-Fifth
+		echo mouse-Third
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame path that used to be a directory' '
+	mkdir path &&
+	echo A A A A A >path/file &&
+	echo B B B B B >path/elif &&
+	git add path &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "path was a directory" &&
+	rm -fr path &&
+	echo A A A A A >path &&
+	git add path &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "path is a regular file" &&
+	git blame HEAD^.. -- path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame to a commit with no author name' '
+  TREE=`git rev-parse HEAD:`
+  cat >badcommit <<EOF
+tree $TREE
+author <noname> 1234567890 +0000
+committer David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> 1234567890 +0000
+
+some message
+EOF
+  COMMIT=`git hash-object -t commit -w badcommit`
+  git --no-pager blame $COMMIT -- uno >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t8004-blame.sh b/t/t8004-blame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ba19ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8004-blame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Based on a test case submitted by Björn Steinbrink.
+
+test_description='git blame on conflicted files'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup first case' '
+	# Create the old file
+	echo "Old line" > file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit --author "Old Line <ol@localhost>" -m file1.a &&
+
+	# Branch
+	git checkout -b foo &&
+
+	# Do an ugly move and change
+	git rm file1 &&
+	echo "New line ..."  > file2 &&
+	echo "... and more" >> file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit --author "U Gly <ug@localhost>" -m ugly &&
+
+	# Back to master and change something
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo "
+
+bla" >> file1 &&
+	git commit --author "Old Line <ol@localhost>" -a -m file1.b &&
+
+	# Back to foo and merge master
+	git checkout foo &&
+	if git merge master; then
+		echo needed conflict here
+		exit 1
+	else
+		echo merge failed - resolving automatically
+	fi &&
+	echo "New line ...
+... and more
+
+bla
+Even more" > file2 &&
+	git rm file1 &&
+	git commit --author "M Result <mr@localhost>" -a -m merged &&
+
+	# Back to master and change file1 again
+	git checkout master &&
+	sed s/bla/foo/ <file1 >X &&
+	rm file1 &&
+	mv X file1 &&
+	git commit --author "No Bla <nb@localhost>" -a -m replace &&
+
+	# Try to merge into foo again
+	git checkout foo &&
+	if git merge master; then
+		echo needed conflict here
+		exit 1
+	else
+		echo merge failed - test is setup
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'blame runs on unconflicted file while other file has conflicts' '
+	git blame file2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame runs on conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
+	git blame file1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh b/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cb39055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git blame encoding conversion'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t8005/utf8.txt
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t8005/euc-japan.txt
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t8005/sjis.txt
+
+test_expect_success 'setup the repository' '
+	# Create the file
+	echo "UTF-8 LINE" > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --author "$UTF8_NAME <utf8@localhost>" -m "$UTF8_MSG" &&
+
+	echo "EUC-JAPAN LINE" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git config i18n.commitencoding eucJP &&
+	git commit --author "$EUC_JAPAN_NAME <euc-japan@localhost>" -m "$EUC_JAPAN_MSG" &&
+
+	echo "SJIS LINE" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git config i18n.commitencoding SJIS &&
+	git commit --author "$SJIS_NAME <sjis@localhost>" -m "$SJIS_MSG"
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+author $SJIS_NAME
+summary $SJIS_MSG
+author $SJIS_NAME
+summary $SJIS_MSG
+author $SJIS_NAME
+summary $SJIS_MSG
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'blame respects i18n.commitencoding' '
+	git blame --incremental file | \
+		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+author $EUC_JAPAN_NAME
+summary $EUC_JAPAN_MSG
+author $EUC_JAPAN_NAME
+summary $EUC_JAPAN_MSG
+author $EUC_JAPAN_NAME
+summary $EUC_JAPAN_MSG
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'blame respects i18n.logoutputencoding' '
+	git config i18n.logoutputencoding eucJP &&
+	git blame --incremental file | \
+		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+author $UTF8_NAME
+summary $UTF8_MSG
+author $UTF8_NAME
+summary $UTF8_MSG
+author $UTF8_NAME
+summary $UTF8_MSG
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'blame respects --encoding=UTF-8' '
+	git blame --incremental --encoding=UTF-8 file | \
+		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+author $SJIS_NAME
+summary $SJIS_MSG
+author $EUC_JAPAN_NAME
+summary $EUC_JAPAN_MSG
+author $UTF8_NAME
+summary $UTF8_MSG
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'blame respects --encoding=none' '
+	git blame --incremental --encoding=none file | \
+		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
+	test_cmp actual expected
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t8005/euc-japan.txt b/t/t8005/euc-japan.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..288f040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8005/euc-japan.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+EUC_JAPAN_NAME="»³ÅÄ ÂÀϺ"
+EUC_JAPAN_MSG="¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥à¤Î¥Æ¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¹¡£"
diff --git a/t/t8005/sjis.txt b/t/t8005/sjis.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbdefea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8005/sjis.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SJIS_NAME="ŽR“c ‘¾˜Y"
+SJIS_MSG="ƒuƒŒ[ƒ€‚̃eƒXƒg‚Å‚·B"
diff --git a/t/t8005/utf8.txt b/t/t8005/utf8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d00dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t8005/utf8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+UTF8_NAME="山田 太郎"
+UTF8_MSG="ブレームのテストです。"
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c09f375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git send-email'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping git send-email tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+PROG='git send-email'
+test_expect_success \
+    'prepare reference tree' \
+    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+     git add file &&
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Setup helper tool' \
+    '(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
+      echo shift
+      echo output=1
+      echo "while test -f commandline\$output; do output=\$((\$output+1)); done"
+      echo for a
+      echo do
+      echo "  echo \"!\$a!\""
+      echo "done >commandline\$output"
+      echo "cat > msgtxt\$output"
+      ) >fake.sendmail &&
+     chmod +x ./fake.sendmail &&
+     git add fake.sendmail &&
+     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Second."'
+
+clean_fake_sendmail() {
+	rm -f commandline* msgtxt*
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'Extract patches' '
+    patches=`git format-patch -s --cc="One <one@example.com>" --cc=two@example.com -n HEAD^1`
+'
+
+# Test no confirm early to ensure remaining tests will not hang
+test_no_confirm () {
+	rm -f no_confirm_okay
+	echo n | \
+		GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 \
+		git send-email \
+		--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$@ \
+		$patches > stdout &&
+		test_must_fail grep "Send this email" stdout &&
+		> no_confirm_okay
+}
+
+# Exit immediately to prevent hang if a no-confirm test fails
+check_no_confirm () {
+	test -f no_confirm_okay || {
+		say 'No confirm test failed; skipping remaining tests to prevent hanging'
+		test_done
+	}
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'No confirm with --suppress-cc' '
+	test_no_confirm --suppress-cc=sob
+'
+check_no_confirm
+
+test_expect_success 'No confirm with --confirm=never' '
+	test_no_confirm --confirm=never
+'
+check_no_confirm
+
+# leave sendemail.confirm set to never after this so that none of the
+# remaining tests prompt unintentionally.
+test_expect_success 'No confirm with sendemail.confirm=never' '
+	git config sendemail.confirm never &&
+	test_no_confirm --compose --subject=foo
+'
+check_no_confirm
+
+test_expect_success 'Send patches' '
+     git send-email --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+!nobody@example.com!
+!author@example.com!
+!one@example.com!
+!two@example.com!
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'Verify commandline' \
+    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+
+test_expect_success 'Send patches with --envelope-sender' '
+    clean_fake_sendmail &&
+     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributer <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+!patch@example.com!
+!-i!
+!nobody@example.com!
+!author@example.com!
+!one@example.com!
+!two@example.com!
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'Verify commandline' \
+    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+
+test_expect_success 'Send patches with --envelope-sender=auto' '
+    clean_fake_sendmail &&
+     git send-email --envelope-sender=auto --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+!nobody@example.com!
+!-i!
+!nobody@example.com!
+!author@example.com!
+!one@example.com!
+!two@example.com!
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+    'Verify commandline' \
+    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+
+cat >expected-show-all-headers <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<cc@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<bcc@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: cc@example.com,
+	A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+In-Reply-To: <unique-message-id@example.com>
+References: <unique-message-id@example.com>
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Show all headers' '
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--suppress-cc=sob \
+		--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		--cc=cc@example.com \
+		--bcc=bcc@example.com \
+		--in-reply-to="<unique-message-id@example.com>" \
+		--smtp-server relay.example.com \
+		$patches |
+	sed	-e "s/^\(Date:\).*/\1 DATE-STRING/" \
+		-e "s/^\(Message-Id:\).*/\1 MESSAGE-ID-STRING/" \
+		-e "s/^\(X-Mailer:\).*/\1 X-MAILER-STRING/" \
+		>actual-show-all-headers &&
+	test_cmp expected-show-all-headers actual-show-all-headers
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Prompting works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(echo "Example <from@example.com>"
+	 echo "to@example.com"
+	 echo ""
+	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches \
+		2>errors &&
+		grep "^From: Example <from@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
+		grep "^To: to@example.com\$" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cccmd works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	cp $patches cccmd.patch &&
+	echo cccmd--cccmd@example.com >>cccmd.patch &&
+	{
+	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
+	  echo sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p \"\$1\"
+	} > cccmd-sed &&
+	chmod +x cccmd-sed &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		cccmd.patch \
+		&&
+	grep "^	cccmd@example.com" msgtxt1
+'
+
+z8=zzzzzzzz
+z64=$z8$z8$z8$z8$z8$z8$z8$z8
+z512=$z64$z64$z64$z64$z64$z64$z64$z64
+test_expect_success 'reject long lines' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	cp $patches longline.patch &&
+	echo $z512$z512 >>longline.patch &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches longline.patch \
+		2>errors &&
+	grep longline.patch errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no patch was sent' '
+	! test -e commandline1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Author From: in message body' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	sed "1,/^\$/d" < msgtxt1 > msgbody1
+	grep "From: A <author@example.com>" msgbody1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Author From: not in message body' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="A <author@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	sed "1,/^\$/d" < msgtxt1 > msgbody1
+	! grep "From: A <author@example.com>" msgbody1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'allow long lines with --no-validate' '
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--novalidate \
+		$patches longline.patch \
+		2>errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Invalid In-Reply-To' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--in-reply-to=" " \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches
+		2>errors
+	! grep "^In-Reply-To: < *>" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Valid In-Reply-To when prompting' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(echo "From Example <from@example.com>"
+	 echo "To Example <to@example.com>"
+	 echo ""
+	) | env GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches 2>errors &&
+	! grep "^In-Reply-To: < *>" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo fake edit >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor
+'
+
+test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor"
+
+test_expect_success '--compose works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+	--compose --subject foo \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	$patches \
+	2>errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first message is compose text' '
+	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second message is patch' '
+	grep "Subject:.*Second" msgtxt2
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-sob <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<cc@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: cc@example.com,
+	A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_suppression () {
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--suppress-cc=$1 ${2+"--suppress-cc=$2"} \
+		--from="Example <from@example.com>" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		--smtp-server relay.example.com \
+		$patches |
+	sed	-e "s/^\(Date:\).*/\1 DATE-STRING/" \
+		-e "s/^\(Message-Id:\).*/\1 MESSAGE-ID-STRING/" \
+		-e "s/^\(X-Mailer:\).*/\1 X-MAILER-STRING/" \
+		>actual-suppress-$1${2+"-$2"} &&
+	test_cmp expected-suppress-$1${2+"-$2"} actual-suppress-$1${2+"-$2"}
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'sendemail.cc set' '
+	git config sendemail.cc cc@example.com &&
+	test_suppression sob
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-sob <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'sendemail.cc unset' '
+	git config --unset sendemail.cc &&
+	test_suppression sob
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-cccmd <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(body) Adding cc: C O Mitter <committer@example.com> from line 'Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<committer@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com,
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'sendemail.cccmd' '
+	echo echo cc-cmd@example.com > cccmd &&
+	chmod +x cccmd &&
+	git config sendemail.cccmd ./cccmd &&
+	test_suppression cccmd
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-all <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--suppress-cc=all' '
+	test_suppression all
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-body <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(cc-cmd) Adding cc: cc-cmd@example.com from: './cccmd'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<cc-cmd@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com,
+	cc-cmd@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--suppress-cc=body' '
+	test_suppression body
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-body-cccmd <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--suppress-cc=body --suppress-cc=cccmd' '
+	test_suppression body cccmd
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-sob <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--suppress-cc=sob' '
+	git config --unset sendemail.cccmd
+	test_suppression sob
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-bodycc <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(mbox) Adding cc: One <one@example.com> from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(mbox) Adding cc: two@example.com from line 'Cc: One <one@example.com>, two@example.com'
+(body) Adding cc: C O Mitter <committer@example.com> from line 'Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<one@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<two@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<committer@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	One <one@example.com>,
+	two@example.com,
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--suppress-cc=bodycc' '
+	test_suppression bodycc
+'
+
+cat >expected-suppress-cc <<\EOF
+0001-Second.patch
+(mbox) Adding cc: A <author@example.com> from line 'From: A <author@example.com>'
+(body) Adding cc: C O Mitter <committer@example.com> from line 'Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>'
+Dry-OK. Log says:
+Server: relay.example.com
+MAIL FROM:<from@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<to@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<author@example.com>
+RCPT TO:<committer@example.com>
+From: Example <from@example.com>
+To: to@example.com
+Cc: A <author@example.com>,
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Subject: [PATCH 1/1] Second.
+Date: DATE-STRING
+Message-Id: MESSAGE-ID-STRING
+X-Mailer: X-MAILER-STRING
+
+Result: OK
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '--suppress-cc=cc' '
+	test_suppression cc
+'
+
+test_confirm () {
+	echo y | \
+		GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 \
+		git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$@ $patches > stdout &&
+	grep "Send this email" stdout
+}
+
+test_expect_success '--confirm=always' '
+	test_confirm --confirm=always --suppress-cc=all
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--confirm=auto' '
+	test_confirm --confirm=auto
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--confirm=cc' '
+	test_confirm --confirm=cc
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--confirm=compose' '
+	test_confirm --confirm=compose --compose
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm by default (due to cc)' '
+	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
+	test_confirm
+	ret="$?"
+	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
+	test $ret = "0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm by default (due to --compose)' '
+	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
+	test_confirm --suppress-cc=all --compose
+	ret="$?"
+	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
+	test $ret = "0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm detects EOF (inform assumes y)' '
+	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
+	rm -fr outdir &&
+	git format-patch -2 -o outdir &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 \
+		git send-email \
+			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+			--to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			outdir/*.patch < /dev/null
+	ret="$?"
+	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
+	test $ret = "0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm detects EOF (auto causes failure)' '
+	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
+	export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
+		test_must_fail git send-email \
+			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+			--to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			$patches < /dev/null
+	ret="$?"
+	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
+	test $ret = "0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
+	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
+	export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
+		yes "bogus" | test_must_fail git send-email \
+			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+			--to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			$patches
+	ret="$?"
+	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
+	test $ret = "0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'utf8 Cc is rfc2047 encoded' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	rm -fr outdir &&
+	git format-patch -1 -o outdir --cc="àéìöú <utf8@example.com>" &&
+	git send-email \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	outdir/*.patch &&
+	grep "^	" msgtxt1 |
+	grep "=?UTF-8?q?=C3=A0=C3=A9=C3=AC=C3=B6=C3=BA?= <utf8@example.com>"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--compose adds MIME for utf8 body' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--compose respects user mime type' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
+	 echo "(echo MIME-Version: 1.0"
+	 echo " echo Content-Type: text/plain\\; charset=iso-8859-1"
+	 echo " echo Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+	 echo " echo Subject: foo"
+	 echo " echo "
+	 echo " echo utf8 body: àéìöú) >\"\$1\""
+	) >fake-editor-utf8-mime &&
+	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8-mime &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8-mime\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose --subject foo \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1 &&
+	! grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--compose adds MIME for utf8 subject' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	  git send-email \
+	  --compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	  --to=nobody@example.com \
+	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+	  $patches &&
+	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Subject: =?UTF-8?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detects ambiguous reference/file conflict' '
+	echo master > master &&
+	git add master &&
+	git commit -m"add master" &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email --dry-run master 2>errors &&
+	grep disambiguate errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'feed two files' '
+	rm -fr outdir &&
+	git format-patch -2 -o outdir &&
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^Subject: " out >subjects &&
+	test "z$(sed -n -e 1p subjects)" = "zSubject: [PATCH 1/2] Second." &&
+	test "z$(sed -n -e 2p subjects)" = "zSubject: [PATCH 2/2] add master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-reply-to but no threading' '
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--in-reply-to="<in-reply-id@example.com>" \
+		--nothread \
+		$patches |
+	grep "In-Reply-To: <in-reply-id@example.com>"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no in-reply-to and no threading' '
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--nothread \
+		$patches $patches >stdout &&
+	! grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'threading but no chain-reply-to' '
+	git send-email \
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--thread \
+		--nochain-reply-to \
+		$patches $patches >stdout &&
+	grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'warning with an implicit --chain-reply-to' '
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+	grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no warning with an explicit --chain-reply-to' '
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	--chain-reply-to \
+	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no warning with an explicit --no-chain-reply-to' '
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	--nochain-reply-to \
+	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = false' '
+	git config sendemail.chainreplyto false &&
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = true' '
+	git config sendemail.chainreplyto true &&
+	git send-email \
+	--dry-run \
+	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+	--to=nobody@example.com \
+	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..570e035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn basic tests'
+GIT_SVN_LC_ALL=${LC_ALL:-$LANG}
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+say 'define NO_SVN_TESTS to skip git svn tests'
+
+case "$GIT_SVN_LC_ALL" in
+*.UTF-8)
+	test_set_prereq UTF8
+	;;
+*)
+	say "UTF-8 locale not set, some tests skipped ($GIT_SVN_LC_ALL)"
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'initialize git svn' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+	echo foo > foo &&
+	ln -s foo foo.link
+	mkdir -p dir/a/b/c/d/e &&
+	echo "deep dir" > dir/a/b/c/d/e/file &&
+	mkdir bar &&
+	echo "zzz" > bar/zzz &&
+	echo "#!/bin/sh" > exec.sh &&
+	chmod +x exec.sh &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'import an SVN revision into git' \
+    'git svn fetch'
+
+test_expect_success "checkout from svn" 'svn co "$svnrepo" "$SVN_TREE"'
+
+name='try a deep --rmdir with a commit'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	mv dir/a/b/c/d/e/file dir/file &&
+	cp dir/file file &&
+	git update-index --add --remove dir/a/b/c/d/e/file dir/file file &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test -d "$SVN_TREE"/dir && test ! -d "$SVN_TREE"/dir/a'
+
+
+name='detect node change from file to directory #1'
+test_expect_success "$name" "
+	mkdir dir/new_file &&
+	mv dir/file dir/new_file/file &&
+	mv dir/new_file dir/file &&
+	git update-index --remove dir/file &&
+	git update-index --add dir/file/file &&
+	git commit -m '$name' &&
+	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch" || true
+
+
+name='detect node change from directory to file #1'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	rm -rf dir "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch2 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	mv bar/zzz zzz &&
+	rm -rf bar &&
+	mv zzz bar &&
+	git update-index --remove -- bar/zzz &&
+	git update-index --add -- bar &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch2' || true
+
+
+name='detect node change from file to directory #2'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch3 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	rm bar/zzz &&
+	git update-index --remove bar/zzz &&
+	mkdir bar/zzz &&
+	echo yyy > bar/zzz/yyy &&
+	git update-index --add bar/zzz/yyy &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch3' || true
+
+
+name='detect node change from directory to file #2'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch4 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	rm -rf dir &&
+	git update-index --remove -- dir/file &&
+	touch dir &&
+	echo asdf > dir &&
+	git update-index --add -- dir &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch4' || true
+
+
+name='remove executable bit from a file'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/index &&
+	git checkout -f -b mybranch5 ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	chmod -x exec.sh &&
+	git update-index exec.sh &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test ! -x "$SVN_TREE"/exec.sh'
+
+
+name='add executable bit back file'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	chmod +x exec.sh &&
+	git update-index exec.sh &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test -x "$SVN_TREE"/exec.sh'
+
+
+name='executable file becomes a symlink to bar/zzz (file)'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	rm exec.sh &&
+	ln -s bar/zzz exec.sh &&
+	git update-index exec.sh &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test -L "$SVN_TREE"/exec.sh'
+
+name='new symlink is added to a file that was also just made executable'
+
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	chmod +x bar/zzz &&
+	ln -s bar/zzz exec-2.sh &&
+	git update-index --add bar/zzz exec-2.sh &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test -x "$SVN_TREE"/bar/zzz &&
+	test -L "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh'
+
+name='modify a symlink to become a file'
+test_expect_success "$name" '
+	echo git help > help || true &&
+	rm exec-2.sh &&
+	cp help exec-2.sh &&
+	git update-index exec-2.sh &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
+	git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
+		${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch5 &&
+	svn_cmd up "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	test -f "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh &&
+	test ! -L "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh &&
+	test_cmp help "$SVN_TREE"/exec-2.sh'
+
+name="commit with UTF-8 message: locale: $GIT_SVN_LC_ALL"
+LC_ALL="$GIT_SVN_LC_ALL"
+export LC_ALL
+test_expect_success UTF8 "$name" "
+	echo '# hello' >> exec-2.sh &&
+	git update-index exec-2.sh &&
+	git commit -m 'éï∏' &&
+	git svn set-tree HEAD"
+unset LC_ALL
+
+name='test fetch functionality (svn => git) with alternate GIT_SVN_ID'
+GIT_SVN_ID=alt
+export GIT_SVN_ID
+test_expect_success "$name" \
+    'git svn init "$svnrepo" && git svn fetch &&
+     git rev-list --pretty=raw ${remotes_git_svn} | grep ^tree | uniq > a &&
+     git rev-list --pretty=raw remotes/alt | grep ^tree | uniq > b &&
+     test_cmp a b'
+
+name='check imported tree checksums expected tree checksums'
+rm -f expected
+if test_have_prereq UTF8
+then
+	echo tree bf522353586b1b883488f2bc73dab0d9f774b9a9 > expected
+fi
+cat >> expected <<\EOF
+tree 83654bb36f019ae4fe77a0171f81075972087624
+tree 031b8d557afc6fea52894eaebb45bec52f1ba6d1
+tree 0b094cbff17168f24c302e297f55bfac65eb8bd3
+tree d667270a1f7b109f5eb3aaea21ede14b56bfdd6e
+tree 56a30b966619b863674f5978696f4a3594f2fca9
+tree d667270a1f7b109f5eb3aaea21ede14b56bfdd6e
+tree 8f51f74cf0163afc9ad68a4b1537288c4558b5a4
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "$name" "test_cmp a expected"
+
+test_expect_success 'exit if remote refs are ambigious' "
+        git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+                              bar:refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	test_must_fail git svn migrate
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'exit if init-ing a would clobber a URL' '
+        svnadmin create "${PWD}/svnrepo2" &&
+        svn mkdir -m "mkdir bar" "${svnrepo}2/bar" &&
+        git config --unset svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+                                "^bar:refs/${remotes_git_svn}$" &&
+	test_must_fail git svn init "${svnrepo}2/bar"
+        '
+
+test_expect_success \
+  'init allows us to connect to another directory in the same repo' '
+        git svn init --minimize-url -i bar "$svnrepo/bar" &&
+        git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+                              "^bar:refs/remotes/bar$" &&
+        git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+                              "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}$"
+        '
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit $rev does not clobber current branch' '
+	git svn fetch -i bar &&
+	git checkout -b my-bar refs/remotes/bar &&
+	echo 1 > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "change 1" &&
+	echo 2 > foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "change 2" &&
+	old_head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git svn dcommit -i bar HEAD^ &&
+	test $old_head = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test refs/heads/my-bar = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
+	git log refs/remotes/bar | grep "change 1" &&
+	! git log refs/remotes/bar | grep "change 2" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D my-bar
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'able to dcommit to a subdirectory' "
+	git svn fetch -i bar &&
+	git checkout -b my-bar refs/remotes/bar &&
+	echo abc > d &&
+	git update-index --add d &&
+	git commit -m '/bar/d should be in the log' &&
+	git svn dcommit -i bar &&
+	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\" &&
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	echo new > newdir/dir &&
+	git update-index --add newdir/dir &&
+	git commit -m 'add a new directory' &&
+	git svn dcommit -i bar &&
+	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\" &&
+	echo foo >> newdir/dir &&
+	git update-index newdir/dir &&
+	git commit -m 'modify a file in new directory' &&
+	git svn dcommit -i bar &&
+	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\"
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'able to set-tree to a subdirectory' "
+	echo cba > d &&
+	git update-index d &&
+	git commit -m 'update /bar/d' &&
+	git svn set-tree -i bar HEAD &&
+	test -z \"\`git diff refs/heads/my-bar refs/remotes/bar\`\"
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'git-svn works in a bare repository' '
+	mkdir bare-repo &&
+	( cd bare-repo &&
+	git init --bare &&
+	GIT_DIR=. git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch ) &&
+	rm -rf bare-repo
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh b/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..929499e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9101-git-svn-props.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+mkdir import
+
+a_crlf=
+a_lf=
+a_cr=
+a_ne_crlf=
+a_ne_lf=
+a_ne_cr=
+a_empty=
+a_empty_lf=
+a_empty_cr=
+a_empty_crlf=
+
+cd import
+	cat >> kw.c <<\EOF
+/* Somebody prematurely put a keyword into this file */
+/* $Id$ */
+EOF
+
+	printf "Hello\r\nWorld\r\n" > crlf
+	a_crlf=`git hash-object -w crlf`
+	printf "Hello\rWorld\r" > cr
+	a_cr=`git hash-object -w cr`
+	printf "Hello\nWorld\n" > lf
+	a_lf=`git hash-object -w lf`
+
+	printf "Hello\r\nWorld" > ne_crlf
+	a_ne_crlf=`git hash-object -w ne_crlf`
+	printf "Hello\nWorld" > ne_lf
+	a_ne_lf=`git hash-object -w ne_lf`
+	printf "Hello\rWorld" > ne_cr
+	a_ne_cr=`git hash-object -w ne_cr`
+
+	touch empty
+	a_empty=`git hash-object -w empty`
+	printf "\n" > empty_lf
+	a_empty_lf=`git hash-object -w empty_lf`
+	printf "\r" > empty_cr
+	a_empty_cr=`git hash-object -w empty_cr`
+	printf "\r\n" > empty_crlf
+	a_empty_crlf=`git hash-object -w empty_crlf`
+
+	svn_cmd import --no-auto-props -m 'import for git svn' . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+cd ..
+
+rm -rf import
+test_expect_success 'checkout working copy from svn' 'svn co "$svnrepo" test_wc'
+test_expect_success 'setup some commits to svn' \
+	'cd test_wc &&
+		echo Greetings >> kw.c &&
+		poke kw.c &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Not yet an Id" &&
+		echo Hello world >> kw.c &&
+		poke kw.c &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Modified file, but still not yet an Id" &&
+		svn_cmd propset svn:keywords Id kw.c &&
+		poke kw.c &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Propset Id" &&
+	cd ..'
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize git svn' 'git svn init "$svnrepo"'
+test_expect_success 'fetch revisions from svn' 'git svn fetch'
+
+name='test svn:keywords ignoring'
+test_expect_success "$name" \
+	'git checkout -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	echo Hi again >> kw.c &&
+	git commit -a -m "test keywords ignoring" &&
+	git svn set-tree ${remotes_git_svn}..mybranch &&
+	git pull . ${remotes_git_svn}'
+
+expect='/* $Id$ */'
+got="`sed -ne 2p kw.c`"
+test_expect_success 'raw $Id$ found in kw.c' "test '$expect' = '$got'"
+
+test_expect_success "propset CR on crlf files" \
+	'cd test_wc &&
+		svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CR empty &&
+		svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CR crlf &&
+		svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CR ne_crlf &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "propset CR on crlf files" &&
+	 cd ..'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch and pull latest from svn and checkout a new wc' \
+	'git svn fetch &&
+	 git pull . ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	 svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" new_wc'
+
+for i in crlf ne_crlf lf ne_lf cr ne_cr empty_cr empty_lf empty empty_crlf
+do
+	test_expect_success "Comparing $i" "cmp $i new_wc/$i"
+done
+
+
+cd test_wc
+	printf '$Id$\rHello\rWorld\r' > cr
+	printf '$Id$\rHello\rWorld' > ne_cr
+	a_cr=`printf '$Id$\r\nHello\r\nWorld\r\n' | git hash-object --stdin`
+	a_ne_cr=`printf '$Id$\r\nHello\r\nWorld' | git hash-object --stdin`
+	test_expect_success 'Set CRLF on cr files' \
+	'svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CRLF cr &&
+	 svn_cmd propset svn:eol-style CRLF ne_cr &&
+	 svn_cmd propset svn:keywords Id cr &&
+	 svn_cmd propset svn:keywords Id ne_cr &&
+	 svn_cmd commit -m "propset CRLF on cr files"'
+cd ..
+test_expect_success 'fetch and pull latest from svn' \
+	'git svn fetch && git pull . ${remotes_git_svn}'
+
+b_cr="`git hash-object cr`"
+b_ne_cr="`git hash-object ne_cr`"
+
+test_expect_success 'CRLF + $Id$' "test '$a_cr' = '$b_cr'"
+test_expect_success 'CRLF + $Id$ (no newline)' "test '$a_ne_cr' = '$b_ne_cr'"
+
+cat > show-ignore.expect <<\EOF
+
+# /
+/no-such-file*
+
+# /deeply/
+/deeply/no-such-file*
+
+# /deeply/nested/
+/deeply/nested/no-such-file*
+
+# /deeply/nested/directory/
+/deeply/nested/directory/no-such-file*
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test show-ignore' "
+	cd test_wc &&
+	mkdir -p deeply/nested/directory &&
+	touch deeply/nested/directory/.keep &&
+	svn_cmd add deeply &&
+	svn_cmd up &&
+	svn_cmd propset -R svn:ignore '
+no-such-file*
+' .
+	svn_cmd commit -m 'propset svn:ignore'
+	cd .. &&
+	git svn show-ignore > show-ignore.got &&
+	cmp show-ignore.expect show-ignore.got
+	"
+
+cat >create-ignore.expect <<\EOF
+/no-such-file*
+EOF
+
+cat >create-ignore-index.expect <<\EOF
+100644 8c52e5dfcd0a8b6b6bcfe6b41b89bcbf493718a5 0	.gitignore
+100644 8c52e5dfcd0a8b6b6bcfe6b41b89bcbf493718a5 0	deeply/.gitignore
+100644 8c52e5dfcd0a8b6b6bcfe6b41b89bcbf493718a5 0	deeply/nested/.gitignore
+100644 8c52e5dfcd0a8b6b6bcfe6b41b89bcbf493718a5 0	deeply/nested/directory/.gitignore
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test create-ignore' "
+	git svn fetch && git pull . ${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git svn create-ignore &&
+	cmp ./.gitignore create-ignore.expect &&
+	cmp ./deeply/.gitignore create-ignore.expect &&
+	cmp ./deeply/nested/.gitignore create-ignore.expect &&
+	cmp ./deeply/nested/directory/.gitignore create-ignore.expect &&
+	git ls-files -s | grep gitignore | cmp - create-ignore-index.expect
+	"
+
+cat >prop.expect <<\EOF
+
+no-such-file*
+
+EOF
+cat >prop2.expect <<\EOF
+8
+EOF
+
+# This test can be improved: since all the svn:ignore contain the same
+# pattern, it can pass even though the propget did not execute on the
+# right directory.
+test_expect_success 'test propget' "
+	git svn propget svn:ignore . | cmp - prop.expect &&
+	cd deeply &&
+	git svn propget svn:ignore . | cmp - ../prop.expect &&
+	git svn propget svn:entry:committed-rev nested/directory/.keep \
+	  | cmp - ../prop2.expect &&
+	git svn propget svn:ignore .. | cmp - ../prop.expect &&
+	git svn propget svn:ignore nested/ | cmp - ../prop.expect &&
+	git svn propget svn:ignore ./nested | cmp - ../prop.expect &&
+	git svn propget svn:ignore .././deeply/nested | cmp - ../prop.expect
+	"
+
+cat >prop.expect <<\EOF
+Properties on '.':
+  svn:entry:committed-date
+  svn:entry:committed-rev
+  svn:entry:last-author
+  svn:entry:uuid
+  svn:ignore
+EOF
+cat >prop2.expect <<\EOF
+Properties on 'nested/directory/.keep':
+  svn:entry:committed-date
+  svn:entry:committed-rev
+  svn:entry:last-author
+  svn:entry:uuid
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test proplist' "
+	git svn proplist . | cmp - prop.expect &&
+	git svn proplist nested/directory/.keep | cmp - prop2.expect
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh b/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..028fb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9102-git-svn-deep-rmdir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+test_description='git svn rmdir'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+	mkdir -p deeply/nested/directory/number/1 &&
+	mkdir -p deeply/nested/directory/number/2 &&
+	echo foo > deeply/nested/directory/number/1/file &&
+	echo foo > deeply/nested/directory/number/2/another &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" . "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'mirror via git svn' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout -f -b test-rmdir ${remotes_git_svn}
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'Try a commit on rmdir' '
+	git rm -f deeply/nested/directory/number/2/another &&
+	git commit -a -m "remove another" &&
+	git svn set-tree --rmdir HEAD &&
+	svn_cmd ls -R "$svnrepo" | grep ^deeply/nested/directory/number/1
+	'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh b/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3413164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9103-git-svn-tracked-directory-removed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn tracking removed top-level path'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'make history for tracking' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	mkdir import/trunk &&
+	echo hello >> import/trunk/README &&
+	svn_cmd import -m initial import "$svnrepo" &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk trunk &&
+	echo bye bye >> trunk/README &&
+	svn_cmd rm -m "gone" "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	mkdir trunk &&
+	echo "new" > trunk/FOLLOWME &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "new trunk" trunk "$svnrepo"/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone repo with git' '
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" x &&
+	test -f x/FOLLOWME &&
+	test ! -f x/README
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure r2 still has old file' "
+	cd x &&
+		test -n \"\$(git svn find-rev r1)\" &&
+		git reset --hard \$(git svn find-rev r1) &&
+		test -f README &&
+		test ! -f FOLLOWME &&
+		test x\$(git svn find-rev r2) = x
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bbfd7f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn fetching'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+	mkdir -p trunk &&
+	echo hello > trunk/readme &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" . "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" wc &&
+	cd wc &&
+	echo world >> trunk/readme &&
+	poke trunk/readme &&
+	svn_cmd commit -m "another commit" &&
+	svn_cmd up &&
+	svn_cmd mv trunk thunk &&
+	echo goodbye >> thunk/readme &&
+	poke thunk/readme &&
+	svn_cmd commit -m "bye now" &&
+	cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init and fetch a moved directory' '
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i thunk "$svnrepo"/thunk &&
+	git svn fetch -i thunk &&
+	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/thunk@2`" \
+           = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/thunk~1`" &&
+        test "`git cat-file blob refs/remotes/thunk:readme |\
+                 sed -n -e "3p"`" = goodbye &&
+	test -z "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+	         "^trunk:refs/remotes/thunk@2$"`"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init and fetch from one svn-remote' '
+        git config svn-remote.svn.url "$svnrepo" &&
+        git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+          trunk:refs/remotes/svn/trunk &&
+        git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+          thunk:refs/remotes/svn/thunk &&
+        git svn fetch -i svn/thunk &&
+	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn/trunk`" \
+           = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn/thunk~1`" &&
+        test "`git cat-file blob refs/remotes/svn/thunk:readme |\
+                 sed -n -e "3p"`" = goodbye
+        '
+
+test_expect_success 'follow deleted parent' '
+        (svn_cmd cp -m "resurrecting trunk as junk" \
+               "$svnrepo"/trunk@2 "$svnrepo"/junk ||
+         svn cp -m "resurrecting trunk as junk" \
+               -r2 "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/junk) &&
+        git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+          junk:refs/remotes/svn/junk &&
+        git svn fetch -i svn/thunk &&
+        git svn fetch -i svn/junk &&
+        test -z "`git diff svn/junk svn/trunk`" &&
+        test "`git merge-base svn/junk svn/trunk`" \
+           = "`git rev-parse svn/trunk`"
+        '
+
+test_expect_success 'follow larger parent' '
+        mkdir -p import/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+        echo hi > import/trunk/thunk/bump/thud/file &&
+        svn import -m "import a larger parent" import "$svnrepo"/larger-parent &&
+        svn cp -m "hi" "$svnrepo"/larger-parent "$svnrepo"/another-larger &&
+        git svn init --minimize-url -i larger \
+          "$svnrepo"/another-larger/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+        git svn fetch -i larger &&
+        git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/larger &&
+        git rev-parse --verify \
+           refs/remotes/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+        test "`git merge-base \
+                 refs/remotes/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud \
+                 refs/remotes/larger`" = \
+             "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/larger`"
+        true
+        '
+
+test_expect_success 'follow higher-level parent' '
+        svn mkdir -m "follow higher-level parent" "$svnrepo"/blob &&
+        svn co "$svnrepo"/blob blob &&
+        cd blob &&
+                echo hi > hi &&
+                svn add hi &&
+                svn commit -m "hihi" &&
+                cd ..
+        svn mkdir -m "new glob at top level" "$svnrepo"/glob &&
+        svn mv -m "move blob down a level" "$svnrepo"/blob "$svnrepo"/glob/blob &&
+        git svn init --minimize-url -i blob "$svnrepo"/glob/blob &&
+        git svn fetch -i blob
+        '
+
+test_expect_success 'follow deleted directory' '
+	svn_cmd mv -m "bye!" "$svnrepo"/glob/blob/hi "$svnrepo"/glob/blob/bye &&
+	svn_cmd rm -m "remove glob" "$svnrepo"/glob &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i glob "$svnrepo"/glob &&
+	git svn fetch -i glob &&
+	test "`git cat-file blob refs/remotes/glob:blob/bye`" = hi &&
+	test "`git ls-tree refs/remotes/glob | wc -l `" -eq 1
+	'
+
+# ref: r9270 of the Subversion repository: (http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn)
+# in trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl
+test_expect_success 'follow-parent avoids deleting relevant info' '
+	mkdir -p import/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/t &&
+	for i in a b c ; do \
+	  echo $i > import/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/$i.pm &&
+	  echo _$i > import/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/t/$i.t; \
+	done &&
+	  echo "bad delete test" > \
+	   import/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/t/larger-parent &&
+	  echo "bad delete test 2" > \
+	   import/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/another-larger &&
+	cd import &&
+	  svn import -m "r9270 test" . "$svnrepo"/r9270 &&
+	cd .. &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/r9270/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl r9270 &&
+	cd r9270 &&
+	  svn mkdir native &&
+	  svn mv t native/t &&
+	  for i in a b c; do svn mv $i.pm native/$i.pm; done &&
+	  echo z >> native/t/c.t &&
+	  poke native/t/c.t &&
+	  svn commit -m "reorg test" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i r9270-t \
+	  "$svnrepo"/r9270/trunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/native/t &&
+	git svn fetch -i r9270-t &&
+	test `git rev-list r9270-t | wc -l` -eq 2 &&
+	test "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t~1`" = \
+	     "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t`"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success "track initial change if it was only made to parent" '
+	svn_cmd cp -m "wheee!" "$svnrepo"/r9270/trunk "$svnrepo"/r9270/drunk &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i r9270-d \
+	  "$svnrepo"/r9270/drunk/subversion/bindings/swig/perl/native/t &&
+	git svn fetch -i r9270-d &&
+	test `git rev-list r9270-d | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
+	test "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-t`" = \
+	     "`git ls-tree --name-only r9270-d`" &&
+	test "`git rev-parse r9270-t`" = \
+	     "`git rev-parse r9270-d~1`"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success "follow-parent is atomic" '
+	(
+		cd wc &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd mkdir stunk &&
+		echo "trunk stunk" > stunk/readme &&
+		svn_cmd add stunk/readme &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "trunk stunk" &&
+		echo "stunk like junk" >> stunk/readme &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "really stunk" &&
+		echo "stink stank stunk" >> stunk/readme &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "even the grinch agrees"
+	) &&
+	svn_cmd copy -m "stunk flunked" "$svnrepo"/stunk "$svnrepo"/flunk &&
+	{ svn cp -m "early stunk flunked too" \
+		"$svnrepo"/stunk@17 "$svnrepo"/flunked ||
+	svn_cmd cp -m "early stunk flunked too" \
+		-r17 "$svnrepo"/stunk "$svnrepo"/flunked; } &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i stunk "$svnrepo"/stunk &&
+	git svn fetch -i stunk &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/flunk@18 refs/remotes/stunk~2 &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/remotes/stunk &&
+	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.fetch stunk &&
+	mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/flunk@18 &&
+	rev_map=$(cd "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/stunk && ls .rev_map*) &&
+	dd if="$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/stunk/$rev_map \
+	   of="$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/flunk@18/$rev_map bs=24 count=1 &&
+	rm -rf "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/stunk &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i flunk "$svnrepo"/flunk &&
+	git svn fetch -i flunk &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i stunk "$svnrepo"/stunk &&
+	git svn fetch -i stunk &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i flunked "$svnrepo"/flunked &&
+	git svn fetch -i flunked
+	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk@18`" \
+	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk`" &&
+	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunk~1`" \
+	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk`" &&
+	test "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/flunked~1`" \
+	   = "`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/stunk~1`"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success "track multi-parent paths" '
+	svn_cmd cp -m "resurrect /glob" "$svnrepo"/r9270 "$svnrepo"/glob &&
+	git svn multi-fetch &&
+	test `git cat-file commit refs/remotes/glob | \
+	       grep "^parent " | wc -l` -eq 2
+	'
+
+test_expect_success "multi-fetch continues to work" "
+	git svn multi-fetch
+	"
+
+test_expect_success "multi-fetch works off a 'clean' repository" '
+	rm -r "$GIT_DIR/svn" "$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes" "$GIT_DIR/logs" &&
+	mkdir "$GIT_DIR/svn" &&
+	git svn multi-fetch
+	'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all &'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh b/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dd48e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9105-git-svn-commit-diff.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+test_description='git svn commit-diff'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+	echo hello > readme &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" . "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	echo hello > readme &&
+	git update-index --add readme &&
+	git commit -a -m "initial" &&
+	echo world >> readme &&
+	git commit -a -m "another"
+	'
+
+head=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^0`
+prev=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^1`
+
+# the internals of the commit-diff command are the same as the regular
+# commit, so only a basic test of functionality is needed since we've
+# already tested commit extensively elsewhere
+
+test_expect_success 'test the commit-diff command' '
+	test -n "$prev" && test -n "$head" &&
+	git svn commit-diff -r1 "$prev" "$head" "$svnrepo" &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" wc &&
+	cmp readme wc/readme
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit-diff to a sub-directory (with git svn config)' '
+	svn_cmd import -m "sub-directory" import "$svnrepo"/subdir &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url "$svnrepo"/subdir &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git svn commit-diff -r3 "$prev" "$head" &&
+	svn_cmd cat "$svnrepo"/subdir/readme > readme.2 &&
+	cmp readme readme.2
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh b/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..12f21b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9106-git-svn-commit-diff-clobber.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+test_description='git svn commit-diff clobber'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+	echo initial > file &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" . "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	echo initial > file &&
+	git update-index --add file &&
+	git commit -a -m "initial"
+	'
+test_expect_success 'commit change from svn side' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" t.svn &&
+	cd t.svn &&
+	echo second line from svn >> file &&
+	poke file &&
+	svn_cmd commit -m "second line from svn" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	rm -rf t.svn
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit conflicting change from git' '
+	echo second line from git >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m "second line from git" &&
+	test_must_fail git svn commit-diff -r1 HEAD~1 HEAD "$svnrepo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit complementing change from git' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
+	echo second line from svn >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m "second line from svn" &&
+	echo third line from git >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m "third line from git" &&
+	git svn commit-diff -r2 HEAD~1 HEAD "$svnrepo"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit fails to commit because of conflict' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git reset --hard refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" t.svn &&
+	cd t.svn &&
+	echo fourth line from svn >> file &&
+	poke file &&
+	svn_cmd commit -m "fourth line from svn" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	rm -rf t.svn &&
+	echo "fourth line from git" >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m "fourth line from git" &&
+	test_must_fail git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit does the svn equivalent of an index merge' "
+	git reset --hard refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	echo 'index merge' > file2 &&
+	git update-index --add file2 &&
+	git commit -a -m 'index merge' &&
+	echo 'more changes' >> file2 &&
+	git update-index file2 &&
+	git commit -a -m 'more changes' &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'commit another change from svn side' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" t.svn &&
+	cd t.svn &&
+		echo third line from svn >> file &&
+		poke file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "third line from svn" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	rm -rf t.svn
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple dcommit from git svn will not clobber svn' "
+	git reset --hard refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	echo new file >> new-file &&
+	git update-index --add new-file &&
+	git commit -a -m 'new file' &&
+	echo clobber > file &&
+	git commit -a -m 'clobber' &&
+	test_must_fail git svn dcommit
+	"
+
+
+test_expect_success 'check that rebase really failed' '
+	test -d .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve, continue the rebase and dcommit' "
+	echo clobber and I really mean it > file &&
+	git update-index file &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..901b8e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2006 Eric Wong
+test_description='git svn metadata migrations from previous versions'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup old-looking metadata' '
+	cp "$GIT_DIR"/config "$GIT_DIR"/config-old-git-svn &&
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+		for i in trunk branches/a branches/b \
+		         tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+			mkdir -p $i && \
+			echo hello >> $i/README || exit 1
+		done && \
+		svn_cmd import -m test . "$svnrepo"
+		cd .. &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	rm -rf "$GIT_DIR"/svn &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/svn-HEAD refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/${remotes_git_svn} refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+	'
+
+head=`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD^0`
+test_expect_success 'git-svn-HEAD is a real HEAD' "test -n '$head'"
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize old-style (v0) git svn layout' '
+	mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info &&
+	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info/url &&
+	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info/url &&
+	git svn migrate &&
+	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git svn &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/${remotes_git_svn}^0 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn^0 &&
+	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo" &&
+	test `git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch` = \
+             ":refs/${remotes_git_svn}"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize a multi-repository repo' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" -T trunk -t tags -b branches &&
+	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	test -n "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.branches \
+	            "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/\*$"`" &&
+	test -n "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.tags \
+	            "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/tags/\*$"`" &&
+	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches \
+	                        "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/\*$" &&
+	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.tags \
+	                        "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/tags/\*$" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/a:refs/remotes/a" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/b:refs/remotes/b" &&
+	for i in tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+		git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+		                 $i:refs/remotes/$i || exit 1; done &&
+	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/a$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/b$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}" fetch.out
+	'
+
+# refs should all be different, but the trees should all be the same:
+test_expect_success 'multi-fetch works on partial urls + paths' "
+	git svn multi-fetch &&
+	for i in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/\$i^0 >> refs.out || exit 1;
+	    done &&
+	test -z \"\`sort < refs.out | uniq -d\`\" &&
+	for i in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+	  for j in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+		if test \$j != \$i; then continue; fi
+	    test -z \"\`git diff refs/remotes/\$i \
+	                         refs/remotes/\$j\`\" ||exit 1; done; done
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'migrate --minimize on old inited layout' '
+	git config --unset-all svn-remote.svn.fetch &&
+	git config --unset-all svn-remote.svn.url &&
+	rm -rf "$GIT_DIR"/svn &&
+	for i in `cat fetch.out`; do
+		path=`expr $i : "\([^:]*\):.*$"`
+		ref=`expr $i : "[^:]*:\(refs/remotes/.*\)$"`
+		if test -z "$ref"; then continue; fi
+		if test -n "$path"; then path="/$path"; fi
+		( mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/svn/$ref/info/ &&
+		echo "$svnrepo"$path > "$GIT_DIR"/svn/$ref/info/url ) || exit 1;
+	done &&
+	git svn migrate --minimize &&
+	test -z "`git config -l | grep "^svn-remote\.git-svn\."`" &&
+	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/a$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/b$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}" fetch.out
+	'
+
+test_expect_success  ".rev_db auto-converted to .rev_map.UUID" '
+	git svn fetch -i trunk &&
+	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	expect="$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_map.*)" &&
+	test -n "$expect" &&
+	rev_db="$(echo $expect | sed -e "s,_map,_db,")" &&
+	convert_to_rev_db "$expect" "$rev_db" &&
+	rm -f "$expect" &&
+	test -f "$rev_db" &&
+	git svn fetch -i trunk &&
+	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	test ! -e "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db &&
+	test -f "$expect"
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh b/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d732d31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9108-git-svn-glob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+test_description='git svn globbing refspecs'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+cat > expect.end <<EOF
+the end
+hi
+start a new branch
+initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test refspec globbing' '
+	mkdir -p trunk/src/a trunk/src/b trunk/doc &&
+	echo "hello world" > trunk/src/a/readme &&
+	echo "goodbye world" > trunk/src/b/readme &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" trunk "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		mkdir branches tags &&
+		svn_cmd add branches tags &&
+		svn_cmd cp trunk branches/start &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "start a new branch" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo "hi" >> branches/start/src/b/readme &&
+		poke branches/start/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "hey" >> branches/start/src/a/readme &&
+		poke branches/start/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "hi" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd cp branches/start tags/end &&
+		echo "bye" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "aye" >> tags/end/src/a/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "the end" &&
+		echo "byebye" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "nothing to see here"
+	) &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+	                 "trunk/src/a:refs/remotes/trunk" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.branches \
+	                 "branches/*/src/a:refs/remotes/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.tags\
+	                 "tags/*/src/a:refs/remotes/tags/*" &&
+	git svn multi-fetch &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/tags/end | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.end &&
+	test_cmp expect.end output.end &&
+	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end~1`" = \
+		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/start`" &&
+	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/start~2`" = \
+		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk`" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end@3
+	'
+
+echo try to try > expect.two
+echo nothing to see here >> expect.two
+cat expect.end >> expect.two
+
+test_expect_success 'test left-hand-side only globbing' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.fetch trunk:refs/remotes/two/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.branches \
+	                 "branches/*:refs/remotes/two/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.tags \
+	                 "tags/*:refs/remotes/two/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	git svn fetch two &&
+	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/end | wc -l` -eq 6 &&
+	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/start | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
+	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/start~2` = \
+	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk` &&
+	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/end~3` = \
+	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/start` &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/two/tags/end | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.two &&
+	test_cmp expect.two output.two
+	'
+
+echo "Only one set of wildcard directories" \
+     "(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: 'branches/*/t/*'" > expect.three
+echo "" >> expect.three
+
+test_expect_success 'test disallow multi-globs' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.fetch \
+	                 trunk:refs/remotes/three/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.branches \
+	                 "branches/*/t/*:refs/remotes/three/branches/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.tags \
+	                 "tags/*/*:refs/remotes/three/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git svn fetch three 2> stderr.three &&
+	test_cmp expect.three stderr.three
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh b/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c318f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9109-git-svn-multi-glob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+test_description='git svn globbing refspecs'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+cat > expect.end <<EOF
+the end
+hi
+start a new branch
+initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test refspec globbing' '
+	mkdir -p trunk/src/a trunk/src/b trunk/doc &&
+	echo "hello world" > trunk/src/a/readme &&
+	echo "goodbye world" > trunk/src/b/readme &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" trunk "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		mkdir branches branches/v1 tags &&
+		svn_cmd add branches tags &&
+		svn_cmd cp trunk branches/v1/start &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "start a new branch" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo "hi" >> branches/v1/start/src/b/readme &&
+		poke branches/v1/start/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "hey" >> branches/v1/start/src/a/readme &&
+		poke branches/v1/start/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "hi" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd cp branches/v1/start tags/end &&
+		echo "bye" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "aye" >> tags/end/src/a/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "the end" &&
+		echo "byebye" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "nothing to see here"
+	) &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
+	                 "trunk/src/a:refs/remotes/trunk" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.branches \
+	                 "branches/*/*/src/a:refs/remotes/branches/*/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.tags\
+	                 "tags/*/src/a:refs/remotes/tags/*" &&
+	git svn multi-fetch &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/tags/end | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.end &&
+	test_cmp expect.end output.end &&
+	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end~1`" = \
+		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/v1/start`" &&
+	test "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/branches/v1/start~2`" = \
+		"`git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk`" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/end@3
+	'
+
+echo try to try > expect.two
+echo nothing to see here >> expect.two
+cat expect.end >> expect.two
+
+test_expect_success 'test left-hand-side only globbing' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.fetch trunk:refs/remotes/two/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.branches \
+	                 "branches/*/*:refs/remotes/two/branches/*/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.two.tags \
+	                 "tags/*:refs/remotes/two/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	git svn fetch two &&
+	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/tags/end | wc -l` -eq 6 &&
+	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
+	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start~2` = \
+	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/trunk` &&
+	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/tags/end~3` = \
+	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/two/branches/v1/start` &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/two/tags/end | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.two &&
+	test_cmp expect.two output.two
+	'
+cat > expect.four <<EOF
+adios
+adding more
+Changed 2 in v2/start
+Another versioned branch
+initial
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test another branch' '
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		mkdir branches/v2 &&
+		svn_cmd add branches/v2 &&
+		svn_cmd cp trunk branches/v2/start &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Another versioned branch" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo "hello" >> branches/v2/start/src/b/readme &&
+		poke branches/v2/start/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "howdy" >> branches/v2/start/src/a/readme &&
+		poke branches/v2/start/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "Changed 2 in v2/start" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd cp branches/v2/start tags/next &&
+		echo "bye" >> tags/next/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/next/src/b/readme &&
+		echo "aye" >> tags/next/src/a/readme &&
+		poke tags/next/src/a/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "adding more" &&
+		echo "byebye" >> tags/next/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/next/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "adios"
+	) &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.fetch trunk:refs/remotes/four/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.branches \
+	                 "branches/*/*:refs/remotes/four/branches/*/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.four.tags \
+	                 "tags/*:refs/remotes/four/tags/*" &&
+	git svn fetch four &&
+	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/four/tags/next | wc -l` -eq 5 &&
+	test `git rev-list refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start | wc -l` -eq 3 &&
+	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start~2` = \
+	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/trunk` &&
+	test `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/tags/next~2` = \
+	     `git rev-parse refs/remotes/four/branches/v2/start` &&
+	git log --pretty=oneline refs/remotes/four/tags/next | \
+	    sed -e "s/^.\{41\}//" > output.four &&
+	test_cmp expect.four output.four
+	'
+
+echo "Only one set of wildcard directories" \
+     "(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: 'branches/*/t/*'" > expect.three
+echo "" >> expect.three
+
+test_expect_success 'test disallow multiple globs' '
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.url "$svnrepo" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.fetch \
+	                 trunk:refs/remotes/three/trunk &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.branches \
+	                 "branches/*/t/*:refs/remotes/three/branches/*/*" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.three.tags \
+	                 "tags/*:refs/remotes/three/tags/*" &&
+	(
+		cd tmp &&
+		echo "try try" >> tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		poke tags/end/src/b/readme &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "try to try"
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git svn fetch three 2> stderr.three &&
+	test_cmp expect.three stderr.three
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh b/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a06e4c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9110-git-svn-use-svm-props.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn useSvmProps test'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load svm repo' '
+	svnadmin load -q "$rawsvnrepo" < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9110/svm.dump &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R arr -i bar "$svnrepo"/mirror/arr &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R argh -i dir "$svnrepo"/mirror/argh &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R argh -i e \
+	  "$svnrepo"/mirror/argh/a/b/c/d/e &&
+	git config svn.useSvmProps true &&
+	git svn fetch --all
+	'
+
+uuid=161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+
+bar_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/bar
+test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /bar' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@12 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~1 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@11 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~2 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@10 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~3 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@9 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~4 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@6 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~5 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+e_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir/a/b/c/d/e
+test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir/a/b/c/d/e' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/e | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $e_url@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+dir_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir
+test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@2 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir~1 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'find commit based on SVN revision number' "
+        git svn find-rev r12 |
+	    grep `git rev-parse HEAD`
+        "
+
+test_expect_success 'empty rebase' "
+	git svn rebase
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9110/svm.dump b/t/t9110/svm.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc799c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9110/svm.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: de5973c6-545d-41da-aded-c265f9039e74
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T06:54:59.793104Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 200
+Content-length: 200
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 40
+SVM: initializing mirror for /mirror/arr
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+svm
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:0
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T06:55:00.121647Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: 
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 44
+Content-length: 44
+
+K 10
+svm:mirror
+V 12
+/mirror/arr
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 10
+svm:source
+V 29
+http://mayonaise/svnrepo!/bar
+K 8
+svm:uuid
+V 36
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 182
+Content-length: 182
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+import for git-svn
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:1
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:52.108847Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 10
+svm:source
+V 29
+http://mayonaise/svnrepo!/bar
+K 8
+svm:uuid
+V 36
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/zzz
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 33b02bc15ce9557d2dd8484d58f95ac4
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+zzz
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 230
+Content-length: 230
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 66
+new symlink is added to a file that was also just made executable
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:6
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:01.686891Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/zzz
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 36
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 33b02bc15ce9557d2dd8484d58f95ac4
+Content-length: 40
+
+K 14
+svn:executable
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+zzz
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 192
+Content-length: 192
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 28
+/bar/d should be in the log
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:9
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:07.686552Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/d
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+abc
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 185
+Content-length: 185
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 20
+add a new directory
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 40
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:10
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:08.405953Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/newdir
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/newdir/dir
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 9cd599a3523898e6a12e13ec787da50a
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+new
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 196
+Content-length: 196
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 31
+modify a file in new directory
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 40
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:11
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:09.126645Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/newdir/dir
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 8
+Text-content-md5: a950e20332358e523a5e9d571e47fa64
+Content-length: 8
+
+new
+foo
+
+
+Revision-number: 7
+Prop-content-length: 179
+Content-length: 179
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 14
+update /bar/d
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 40
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:12
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:09.846221Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/arr/d
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 7abb78de7f2756ca8b511cbc879fd5e7
+Content-length: 4
+
+cba
+
+
+Revision-number: 8
+Prop-content-length: 201
+Content-length: 201
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 41
+SVM: initializing mirror for /mirror/argh
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+svm
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:0
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T06:56:03.703677Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: 
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 57
+Content-length: 57
+
+K 10
+svm:mirror
+V 25
+/mirror/argh
+/mirror/arr
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 10
+svm:source
+V 29
+http://mayonaise/svnrepo!/dir
+K 8
+svm:uuid
+V 36
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 9
+Prop-content-length: 182
+Content-length: 182
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+import for git-svn
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:1
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:52.108847Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 10
+svm:source
+V 29
+http://mayonaise/svnrepo!/dir
+K 8
+svm:uuid
+V 36
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a/b
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a/b/c
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a/b/c/d
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a/b/c/d/e
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a/b/c/d/e/file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 3fd46fe46fcdcf062c802ca60dc826d5
+Content-length: 19
+
+PROPS-END
+deep dir
+
+
+Revision-number: 10
+Prop-content-length: 197
+Content-length: 197
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 33
+try a deep --rmdir with a commit
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 11
+svm:headrev
+V 39
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89:2
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:54.847015Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 9
+Node-copyfrom-path: mirror/argh/a/b/c/d/e/file
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 3fd46fe46fcdcf062c802ca60dc826d5
+Content-length: 9
+
+deep dir
+
+
+Node-path: mirror/argh/a
+Node-action: delete
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh b/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bd081c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9111-git-svn-use-svnsync-props.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn useSvnsyncProps test'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load svnsync repo' '
+	svnadmin load -q "$rawsvnrepo" < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9111/svnsync.dump &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R arr -i bar "$svnrepo"/bar &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R argh -i dir "$svnrepo"/dir &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R argh -i e "$svnrepo"/dir/a/b/c/d/e &&
+	git config svn.useSvnsyncProps true &&
+	git svn fetch --all
+	'
+
+uuid=161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+
+bar_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/bar
+test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /bar' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@12 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~1 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@11 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~2 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@10 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~3 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@9 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~4 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@6 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/bar~5 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $bar_url@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+e_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir/a/b/c/d/e
+test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir/a/b/c/d/e' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/e | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $e_url@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+dir_url=http://mayonaise/svnrepo/dir
+test_expect_success 'verify metadata for /dir' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@2 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/dir~1 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: $dir_url@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9111/svnsync.dump b/t/t9111/svnsync.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..499fa95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9111/svnsync.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: b4bfe35e-f256-4096-874c-08c5639ecad7
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 240
+Content-length: 240
+
+K 18
+svn:sync-from-uuid
+V 36
+161ce429-a9dd-4828-af4a-52023f968c89
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 24
+svn:sync-last-merged-rev
+V 2
+12
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:52.017552Z
+K 17
+svn:sync-from-url
+V 24
+http://mayonaise/svnrepo
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 120
+Content-length: 120
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+import for git-svn
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:52.108847Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: bar/zzz
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 33b02bc15ce9557d2dd8484d58f95ac4
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+zzz
+
+
+Node-path: dir
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a/b
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a/b/c
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a/b/c/d
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a/b/c/d/e
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a/b/c/d/e/file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 3fd46fe46fcdcf062c802ca60dc826d5
+Content-length: 19
+
+PROPS-END
+deep dir
+
+
+Node-path: exec.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 35
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 3e2b31c72181b87149ff995e7202c0e3
+Content-length: 45
+
+K 14
+svn:executable
+V 0
+
+PROPS-END
+#!/bin/sh
+
+
+Node-path: foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+foo
+
+
+Node-path: foo.link
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 33
+Text-content-length: 8
+Text-content-md5: 1043146e49ef02cab12eef865cb34ff3
+Content-length: 41
+
+K 11
+svn:special
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+link foo
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 135
+Content-length: 135
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 33
+try a deep --rmdir with a commit
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:54.847015Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: dir/file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: dir/a/b/c/d/e/file
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 3fd46fe46fcdcf062c802ca60dc826d5
+Content-length: 9
+
+deep dir
+
+
+Node-path: dir/a
+Node-action: delete
+
+
+Node-path: file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: dir/a/b/c/d/e/file
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 3fd46fe46fcdcf062c802ca60dc826d5
+Content-length: 9
+
+deep dir
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 136
+Content-length: 136
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 34
+remove executable bit from a file
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:58.232691Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: exec.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 3e2b31c72181b87149ff995e7202c0e3
+Content-length: 20
+
+PROPS-END
+#!/bin/sh
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 131
+Content-length: 131
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 29
+add executable bit back file
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:10:59.666560Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: exec.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 36
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 3e2b31c72181b87149ff995e7202c0e3
+Content-length: 46
+
+K 14
+svn:executable
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+#!/bin/sh
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 154
+Content-length: 154
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 52
+executable file becomes a symlink to bar/zzz (file)
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:00.676495Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: exec.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 33
+Text-content-length: 12
+Text-content-md5: f138693371665cc117742508761d684d
+Content-length: 45
+
+K 11
+svn:special
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+link bar/zzz
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 168
+Content-length: 168
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 66
+new symlink is added to a file that was also just made executable
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:01.686891Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar/zzz
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 36
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 33b02bc15ce9557d2dd8484d58f95ac4
+Content-length: 40
+
+K 14
+svn:executable
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+zzz
+
+
+Node-path: exec-2.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 5
+Node-copyfrom-path: exec.sh
+Text-content-length: 12
+Text-content-md5: f138693371665cc117742508761d684d
+Content-length: 12
+
+link bar/zzz
+
+Revision-number: 7
+Prop-content-length: 136
+Content-length: 136
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 34
+modify a symlink to become a file
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:02.677035Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: exec-2.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 8e92eff9e911886cede27d420f89c735
+Content-length: 19
+
+PROPS-END
+git help
+
+
+Revision-number: 8
+Prop-content-length: 109
+Content-length: 109
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 8
+éï∏
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:03.676862Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: exec-2.sh
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 17
+Text-content-md5: 49881954063cf26ca48c212396a957ca
+Content-length: 17
+
+git help
+# hello
+
+
+Revision-number: 9
+Prop-content-length: 130
+Content-length: 130
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 28
+/bar/d should be in the log
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:07.686552Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar/d
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+abc
+
+
+Revision-number: 10
+Prop-content-length: 122
+Content-length: 122
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 20
+add a new directory
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:08.405953Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar/newdir
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: bar/newdir/dir
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 9cd599a3523898e6a12e13ec787da50a
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+new
+
+
+Revision-number: 11
+Prop-content-length: 133
+Content-length: 133
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 31
+modify a file in new directory
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:09.126645Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar/newdir/dir
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 8
+Text-content-md5: a950e20332358e523a5e9d571e47fa64
+Content-length: 8
+
+new
+foo
+
+
+Revision-number: 12
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 14
+update /bar/d
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 7
+svnsync
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-02-17T05:11:09.846221Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar/d
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 7abb78de7f2756ca8b511cbc879fd5e7
+Content-length: 4
+
+cba
diff --git a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a61d671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with missing md5sums'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+# Loading a node from a svn dumpfile without a Text-Content-Length
+# field causes svn to neglect to store or report an md5sum.  (it will
+# calculate one if you had put Text-Content-Length: 0).  This showed
+# up in a repository creted with cvs2svn.
+
+cat > dumpfile.svn <<EOF
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 1
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 98
+Content-length: 98
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 0
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+test
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-05-06T12:37:01.153339Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: md5less-file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'load svn dumpfile' 'svnadmin load "$rawsvnrepo" < dumpfile.svn'
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize git svn' 'git svn init "$svnrepo"'
+test_expect_success 'fetch revisions from svn' 'git svn fetch'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9113-git-svn-dcommit-new-file.sh b/t/t9113-git-svn-dcommit-new-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e8479ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9113-git-svn-dcommit-new-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+# Don't run this test by default unless the user really wants it
+# I don't like the idea of taking a port and possibly leaving a
+# daemon running on a users system if the test fails.
+# Not all git users will need to interact with SVN.
+
+test_description='git svn dcommit new files over svn:// test'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+require_svnserve
+
+test_expect_success 'start tracking an empty repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "empty dir" "$svnrepo"/empty-dir &&
+	echo "[general]" > "$rawsvnrepo"/conf/svnserve.conf &&
+	echo anon-access = write >> "$rawsvnrepo"/conf/svnserve.conf &&
+	start_svnserve &&
+	git svn init svn://127.0.0.1:$SVNSERVE_PORT &&
+	git svn fetch
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files in new directory with dcommit' "
+	mkdir git-new-dir &&
+	echo hello > git-new-dir/world &&
+	git update-index --add git-new-dir/world &&
+	git commit -m hello &&
+	start_svnserve &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..84f7c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+# Based on a script by Joakim Tjernlund <joakim.tjernlund@transmode.se>
+
+test_description='git svn dcommit handles merges'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+big_text_block () {
+cat << EOF
+#
+# (C) Copyright 2000 - 2005
+# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
+#
+# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
+# project.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
+# MA 02111-1307 USA
+#
+EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" mysvnwork &&
+	mkdir -p mysvnwork/trunk &&
+	cd mysvnwork &&
+		big_text_block >> trunk/README &&
+		svn_cmd add trunk &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "first commit" trunk &&
+		cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" -t tags -T trunk -b branches &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout --track -b svn remotes/trunk &&
+	git checkout -b merge &&
+	echo new file > new_file &&
+	git add new_file &&
+	git commit -a -m "New file" &&
+	echo hello >> README &&
+	git commit -a -m "hello" &&
+	echo add some stuff >> new_file &&
+	git commit -a -m "add some stuff" &&
+	git checkout svn &&
+	mv -f README tmp &&
+	echo friend > README &&
+	cat tmp >> README &&
+	git commit -a -m "friend" &&
+	git pull . merge
+	'
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify pre-merge ancestry' "
+	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2\` = \
+	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge\` &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/heads/svn^ | grep '^friend$'
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn dcommit merges' "
+	git svn dcommit
+	"
+
+test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify post-merge ancestry' "
+	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn\` = \
+	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/trunk \` &&
+	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2\` = \
+	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge\` &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/heads/svn^ | grep '^friend$'
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit message' "
+	git rev-list --pretty=raw -1 refs/heads/svn | \
+	  grep \"    Merge branch 'merge' into svn\"
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh b/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..767799e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9115-git-svn-dcommit-funky-renames.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+
+
+test_description='git svn dcommit can commit renames of files with ugly names'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load repository with strange names' '
+	svnadmin load -q "$rawsvnrepo" < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9115/funky-names.dump &&
+	start_httpd gtk+
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init and fetch repository' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git reset --hard git-svn
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'create file in existing ugly and empty dir' '
+	mkdir -p "#{bad_directory_name}" &&
+	echo hi > "#{bad_directory_name}/ foo" &&
+	git update-index --add "#{bad_directory_name}/ foo" &&
+	git commit -m "new file in ugly parent" &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename ugly file' '
+	git mv "#{bad_directory_name}/ foo" "file name with feces" &&
+	git commit -m "rename ugly file" &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty file' '
+	echo :x > pretty &&
+	git update-index --add pretty &&
+	git commit -m "pretty :x" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	mkdir -p regular_dir_name &&
+	git mv pretty regular_dir_name/pretty &&
+	git commit -m "moved pretty file" &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty file into ugly one' '
+	git mv regular_dir_name/pretty "#{bad_directory_name}/ booboo" &&
+	git commit -m booboo &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a file with plus signs' '
+	echo .. > +_+ &&
+	git update-index --add +_+ &&
+	git commit -m plus &&
+	mkdir gtk+ &&
+	git mv +_+ gtk+/_+_ &&
+	git commit -m plus_dir &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone the repository to test rebase' '
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo" test-rebase &&
+	cd test-rebase &&
+		echo test-rebase > test-rebase &&
+		git add test-rebase &&
+		git commit -m test-rebase &&
+		cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'make a commit to test rebase' '
+		echo test-rebase-main > test-rebase-main &&
+		git add test-rebase-main &&
+		git commit -m test-rebase-main &&
+		git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn rebase works inside a fresh-cloned repository' '
+	cd test-rebase &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		test -e test-rebase-main &&
+		test -e test-rebase
+	'
+
+stop_httpd
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9115/funky-names.dump b/t/t9115/funky-names.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42422f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9115/funky-names.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: 819c44fe-2bcc-4066-88e4-985e2bc0b418
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-07-12T07:54:26.062914Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 152
+Content-length: 152
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 44
+what will those wacky people think of next?
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 12
+normalperson
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2007-07-12T08:00:05.011573Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path:  leading space
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path:  leading space file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 5
+Text-content-md5: e4fa20c67542cdc21271e08d329397ab
+Content-length: 15
+
+PROPS-END
+ugly
+
+
+Node-path: #{bad_directory_name}
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: #{cool_name}
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 18
+Text-content-md5: 87dac40ca337dfa3dcc8911388c3ddda
+Content-length: 28
+
+PROPS-END
+strange name here
+
+
+Node-path: dir name with spaces
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: file name with spaces
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 7
+Text-content-md5: c1f10cfd640618484a2a475c11410fd3
+Content-length: 17
+
+PROPS-END
+spaces
+
+
+Node-path: regular_dir_name
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
diff --git a/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh b/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0374a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn log tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and import' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+		for i in trunk branches/a branches/b \
+		         tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
+			mkdir -p $i && \
+			echo hello >> $i/README || exit 1
+		done && \
+		svn_cmd import -m test . "$svnrepo"
+		cd .. &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" -T trunk -b branches -t tags &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	echo bye >> README &&
+	git commit -a -m bye &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	git reset --hard a &&
+	echo why >> FEEDME &&
+	git update-index --add FEEDME &&
+	git commit -m feedme &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	echo aye >> README &&
+	git commit -a -m aye &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	git reset --hard b &&
+	echo spy >> README &&
+	git commit -a -m spy &&
+	echo try >> README &&
+	git commit -a -m try &&
+	git svn dcommit
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'run log' "
+	git reset --hard a &&
+	git svn log -r2 trunk | grep ^r2 &&
+	git svn log -r4 trunk | grep ^r4 &&
+	git svn log -r3 | grep ^r3
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'run log against a from trunk' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r3 a | grep ^r3
+	"
+
+printf 'r1 \nr2 \nr4 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2-r4
+
+test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
+	"
+
+printf 'r4 \nr2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r4-r2-r1
+
+test_expect_success 'test descending revision range' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 4:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4-r2-r1 -
+	"
+
+printf 'r1 \nr2 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2
+
+test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable revision' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 1:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2 -
+	"
+
+printf 'r2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r2-r1
+
+test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable revision' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 3:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2-r1 -
+	"
+
+printf 'r2 \n' > expected-range-r2
+
+test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 2:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 3:2 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
+	"
+
+printf 'r4 \n' > expected-range-r4
+
+test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 3:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 4:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
+	"
+
+printf -- '------------------------------------------------------------------------\n' > expected-separator
+
+test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 5:6 | test_cmp expected-separator -
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 6:5 | test_cmp expected-separator -
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 3:5 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
+	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git svn log -r 5:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b7ef9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn init/clone tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+# setup, run inside tmp so we don't have any conflicts with $svnrepo
+set -e
+rm -r .git
+mkdir tmp
+cd tmp
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	mkdir project project/trunk project/branches project/tags &&
+	echo foo > project/trunk/foo &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "$test_description" project "$svnrepo"/project &&
+	rm -rf project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'basic clone' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo"/project/trunk &&
+	test -d trunk/.git/svn &&
+	test -e trunk/foo &&
+	rm -rf trunk
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to target directory' '
+	test ! -d target &&
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo"/project/trunk target &&
+	test -d target/.git/svn &&
+	test -e target/foo &&
+	rm -rf target
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with --stdlayout' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project &&
+	test -d project/.git/svn &&
+	test -e project/foo &&
+	rm -rf project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone to target directory with --stdlayout' '
+	test ! -d target &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project target &&
+	test -d target/.git/svn &&
+	test -e target/foo &&
+	rm -rf target
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ac52bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn funky branch names'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+# Abo-Uebernahme (Bug #994)
+scary_uri='Abo-Uebernahme%20%28Bug%20%23994%29'
+scary_ref='Abo-Uebernahme%20(Bug%20#994)'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	mkdir project project/trunk project/branches project/tags &&
+	echo foo > project/trunk/foo &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "$test_description" project "$svnrepo/pr ject" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "fun" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
+	                "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/fun plugin" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "more fun!" "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/fun plugin" \
+	                      "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/more fun plugin!" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "scary" "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/fun plugin" \
+	              "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/$scary_uri" &&
+	start_httpd
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone with funky branch names' '
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" project &&
+	cd project &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/fun%20plugin" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/more%20fun%20plugin!" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/$scary_ref" &&
+	cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test dcommit to funky branch' "
+	cd project &&
+	git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/more%20fun%20plugin!' &&
+	echo hello >> foo &&
+	git commit -m 'hello' -- foo &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	cd ..
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'test dcommit to scary branch' '
+	cd project &&
+	git reset --hard "refs/remotes/$scary_ref" &&
+	echo urls are scary >> foo &&
+	git commit -m "eep" -- foo &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	cd ..
+	'
+
+stop_httpd
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..95741cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 David D. Kilzer
+
+test_description='git svn info'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+# Tested with: svn, version 1.4.4 (r25188)
+v=`svn_cmd --version | sed -n -e 's/^svn, version \(1\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\).*$/\1/p'`
+case $v in
+1.[45].*)
+	;;
+*)
+	say "skipping svn-info test (SVN version: $v not supported)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+ptouch() {
+	perl -w -e '
+		use strict;
+		use POSIX qw(mktime);
+		die "ptouch requires exactly 2 arguments" if @ARGV != 2;
+		my $text_last_updated = shift @ARGV;
+		my $git_file = shift @ARGV;
+		die "\"$git_file\" does not exist" if ! -e $git_file;
+		if ($text_last_updated
+		    =~ /(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}) (\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})/) {
+			my $mtime = mktime($6, $5, $4, $3, $2 - 1, $1 - 1900);
+			my $atime = $mtime;
+			utime $atime, $mtime, $git_file;
+		}
+	' "`svn_cmd info $2 | grep '^Text Last Updated:'`" "$1"
+}
+
+quoted_svnrepo="$(echo $svnrepo | sed 's/ /%20/')"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and import' '
+	mkdir info &&
+	cd info &&
+		echo FIRST > A &&
+		echo one > file &&
+		ln -s file symlink-file &&
+		mkdir directory &&
+		touch directory/.placeholder &&
+		ln -s directory symlink-directory &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "initial" . "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svnwc &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		echo foo > foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "change outside directory" &&
+		svn_cmd update &&
+	cd .. &&
+	mkdir gitwc &&
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+		git svn fetch &&
+	cd .. &&
+	ptouch gitwc/file svnwc/file &&
+	ptouch gitwc/directory svnwc/directory &&
+	ptouch gitwc/symlink-file svnwc/symlink-file &&
+	ptouch gitwc/symlink-directory svnwc/symlink-directory
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info' "
+	(cd svnwc; svn info) > expected.info &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info) > actual.info &&
+	test_cmp expected.info actual.info
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url)" = "$quoted_svnrepo"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info .' "
+	(cd svnwc; svn info .) > expected.info-dot &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info .) > actual.info-dot &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-dot actual.info-dot
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url .' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url .)" = "$quoted_svnrepo"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info file' "
+	(cd svnwc; svn info file) > expected.info-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info file) > actual.info-file &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-file actual.info-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url file' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url file)" = "$quoted_svnrepo/file"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info directory' "
+	(cd svnwc; svn info directory) > expected.info-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info directory) > actual.info-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-directory actual.info-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info inside directory' "
+	(cd svnwc/directory; svn info) > expected.info-inside-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc/directory; git svn info) > actual.info-inside-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-inside-directory actual.info-inside-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url directory' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url directory)" = "$quoted_svnrepo/directory"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info symlink-file' "
+	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-file) > expected.info-symlink-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-file) > actual.info-symlink-file &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-symlink-file actual.info-symlink-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-file' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url symlink-file)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/symlink-file"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info symlink-directory' "
+	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-directory) \
+		> expected.info-symlink-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-directory) \
+		> actual.info-symlink-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-symlink-directory actual.info-symlink-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-directory' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url symlink-directory)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/symlink-directory"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info added-file' "
+	echo two > gitwc/added-file &&
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git add added-file &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cp gitwc/added-file svnwc/added-file &&
+	ptouch gitwc/added-file svnwc/added-file &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		svn_cmd add added-file > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info added-file) > expected.info-added-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-file) > actual.info-added-file &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-added-file actual.info-added-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url added-file' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url added-file)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/added-file"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info added-directory' "
+	mkdir gitwc/added-directory svnwc/added-directory &&
+	ptouch gitwc/added-directory svnwc/added-directory &&
+	touch gitwc/added-directory/.placeholder &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		svn_cmd add added-directory > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git add added-directory &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info added-directory) \
+		> expected.info-added-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-directory) \
+		> actual.info-added-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-added-directory actual.info-added-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url added-directory' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url added-directory)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/added-directory"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info added-symlink-file' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		ln -s added-file added-symlink-file &&
+		git add added-symlink-file &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		ln -s added-file added-symlink-file &&
+		svn_cmd add added-symlink-file > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	ptouch gitwc/added-symlink-file svnwc/added-symlink-file &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info added-symlink-file) \
+		> expected.info-added-symlink-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-symlink-file) \
+		> actual.info-added-symlink-file &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-added-symlink-file \
+		 actual.info-added-symlink-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url added-symlink-file' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url added-symlink-file)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/added-symlink-file"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info added-symlink-directory' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		ln -s added-directory added-symlink-directory &&
+		git add added-symlink-directory &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		ln -s added-directory added-symlink-directory &&
+		svn_cmd add added-symlink-directory > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	ptouch gitwc/added-symlink-directory svnwc/added-symlink-directory &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info added-symlink-directory) \
+		> expected.info-added-symlink-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info added-symlink-directory) \
+		> actual.info-added-symlink-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-added-symlink-directory \
+		 actual.info-added-symlink-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url added-symlink-directory' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url added-symlink-directory)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/added-symlink-directory"
+	'
+
+# The next few tests replace the "Text Last Updated" value with a
+# placeholder since git doesn't have a way to know the date that a
+# now-deleted file was last checked out locally.  Internally it
+# simply reuses the Last Changed Date.
+
+test_expect_success 'info deleted-file' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git rm -f file > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		svn_cmd rm --force file > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info file) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		> expected.info-deleted-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info file) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		> actual.info-deleted-file &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-file actual.info-deleted-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url file (deleted)' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url file)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/file"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info deleted-directory' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git rm -r -f directory > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		svn_cmd rm --force directory > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info directory) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		> expected.info-deleted-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info directory) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		> actual.info-deleted-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-directory actual.info-deleted-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url directory (deleted)' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url directory)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/directory"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info deleted-symlink-file' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git rm -f symlink-file > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		svn_cmd rm --force symlink-file > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-file) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		> expected.info-deleted-symlink-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-file) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		> actual.info-deleted-symlink-file &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-symlink-file \
+		 actual.info-deleted-symlink-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-file (deleted)' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url symlink-file)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/symlink-file"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info deleted-symlink-directory' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		git rm -f symlink-directory > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	cd svnwc &&
+		svn_cmd rm --force symlink-directory > /dev/null &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd svnwc; svn info symlink-directory) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		 > expected.info-deleted-symlink-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info symlink-directory) |
+	sed -e 's/^\(Text Last Updated:\).*/\1 TEXT-LAST-UPDATED-STRING/' \
+		 > actual.info-deleted-symlink-directory &&
+	test_cmp expected.info-deleted-symlink-directory \
+		 actual.info-deleted-symlink-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url symlink-directory (deleted)' '
+	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url symlink-directory)" \
+	     = "$quoted_svnrepo/symlink-directory"
+	'
+
+# NOTE: git does not have the concept of replaced objects,
+# so we can't test for files in that state.
+
+test_expect_success 'info unknown-file' "
+	echo two > gitwc/unknown-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info unknown-file) \
+		 2> actual.info-unknown-file &&
+	grep unknown-file actual.info-unknown-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url unknown-file' '
+	echo two > gitwc/unknown-file &&
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info --url unknown-file) \
+		 2> actual.info-url-unknown-file &&
+	grep unknown-file actual.info-url-unknown-file
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info unknown-directory' "
+	mkdir gitwc/unknown-directory svnwc/unknown-directory &&
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info unknown-directory) \
+		 2> actual.info-unknown-directory &&
+	grep unknown-directory actual.info-unknown-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url unknown-directory' '
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info --url unknown-directory) \
+		 2> actual.info-url-unknown-directory &&
+	grep unknown-directory actual.info-url-unknown-directory
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info unknown-symlink-file' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		ln -s unknown-file unknown-symlink-file &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info unknown-symlink-file) \
+		 2> actual.info-unknown-symlink-file &&
+	grep unknown-symlink-file actual.info-unknown-symlink-file
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url unknown-symlink-file' '
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info --url unknown-symlink-file) \
+		 2> actual.info-url-unknown-symlink-file &&
+	grep unknown-symlink-file actual.info-url-unknown-symlink-file
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info unknown-symlink-directory' "
+	cd gitwc &&
+		ln -s unknown-directory unknown-symlink-directory &&
+	cd .. &&
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info unknown-symlink-directory) \
+		 2> actual.info-unknown-symlink-directory &&
+	grep unknown-symlink-directory actual.info-unknown-symlink-directory
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'info --url unknown-symlink-directory' '
+	(cd gitwc; test_must_fail git svn info --url unknown-symlink-directory) \
+		 2> actual.info-url-unknown-symlink-directory &&
+	grep unknown-symlink-directory actual.info-url-unknown-symlink-directory
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh b/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9d9ebd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Kevin Ballard
+#
+
+test_description='git svn clone with percent escapes'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	mkdir project project/trunk project/branches project/tags &&
+	echo foo > project/trunk/foo &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "$test_description" project "$svnrepo/pr ject" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "branch" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
+	  "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/b" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "tag" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
+	  "$svnrepo/pr ject/tags/v1" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	start_httpd
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone with percent escapes' '
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo/pr%20ject" clone &&
+	cd clone &&
+		git rev-parse refs/${remotes_git_svn} &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+# SVN works either way, so should we...
+
+test_expect_success 'svn checkout with percent escapes' '
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo/pr%20ject" svn.percent &&
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo/pr%20ject/trunk" svn.percent.trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'svn checkout with space' '
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo/pr ject" svn.space &&
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" svn.space.trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone trunk with percent escapes and minimize-url' '
+	git svn clone --minimize-url "$svnrepo/pr%20ject/trunk" minimize &&
+	(
+		cd minimize &&
+		git rev-parse refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone trunk with percent escapes' '
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo/pr%20ject/trunk" trunk &&
+	(
+		cd trunk &&
+		git rev-parse refs/${remotes_git_svn}
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone --stdlayout with percent escapes' '
+	git svn clone --stdlayout "$svnrepo/pr%20ject" percent &&
+	(
+		cd percent &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/b^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v1^0
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone -s with unescaped space' '
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" space &&
+	(
+		cd space &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/b^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v1^0
+	)
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9121-git-svn-fetch-renamed-dir.sh b/t/t9121-git-svn-fetch-renamed-dir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..000cad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9121-git-svn-fetch-renamed-dir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Santhosh Kumar Mani
+
+
+test_description='git svn can fetch renamed directories'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load repository with renamed directory' '
+	svnadmin load -q "$rawsvnrepo" < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9121/renamed-dir.dump
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init and fetch repository' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo/newname" &&
+	git svn fetch
+	'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t9121/renamed-dir.dump b/t/t9121/renamed-dir.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f9127b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9121/renamed-dir.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: 06b9b3ad-f546-4fbe-8328-fcb4e6ef5c3f
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-04-02T09:11:59.778557Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 117
+Content-length: 117
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 14
+initial import
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+santhosh
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-04-02T09:13:03.170863Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: name
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: name/a.txt
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 71
+Text-content-length: 6
+Text-content-md5: b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184
+Content-length: 77
+
+K 13
+svn:mime-type
+V 10
+text/plain
+K 13
+svn:eol-style
+V 2
+LF
+PROPS-END
+hello
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 109
+Content-length: 109
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 7
+renamed
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+santhosh
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-04-02T09:14:22.952186Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: newname
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: name
+
+
+Node-path: name
+Node-action: delete
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9122-git-svn-author.sh b/t/t9122-git-svn-author.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..30013b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9122-git-svn-author.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git svn authorship'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work.svn &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo >file
+		svn_cmd add file
+		svn_cmd commit -m "first commit" file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'interact with it via git svn' '
+	mkdir work.git &&
+	(
+		cd work.git &&
+		git svn init "$svnrepo"
+		git svn fetch &&
+
+		echo modification >file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m second &&
+
+		test_tick &&
+		git svn dcommit &&
+
+		echo "further modification" >file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m third &&
+
+		test_tick &&
+		git svn --add-author-from dcommit &&
+
+		echo "yet further modification" >file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m fourth &&
+
+		test_tick &&
+		git svn --add-author-from --use-log-author dcommit &&
+
+		git log &&
+
+		git show -s HEAD^^ >../actual.2 &&
+		git show -s HEAD^  >../actual.3 &&
+		git show -s HEAD   >../actual.4
+
+	) &&
+
+	# Make sure that --add-author-from without --use-log-author
+	# did not affect the authorship information
+	myself=$(grep "^Author: " actual.2) &&
+	unaffected=$(grep "^Author: " actual.3) &&
+	test "z$myself" = "z$unaffected" &&
+
+	# Make sure lack of --add-author-from did not add cruft
+	! grep "^    From: A U Thor " actual.2 &&
+
+	# Make sure --add-author-from added cruft
+	grep "^    From: A U Thor " actual.3 &&
+	grep "^    From: A U Thor " actual.4 &&
+
+	# Make sure --add-author-from with --use-log-author affected
+	# the authorship information
+	grep "^Author: A U Thor " actual.4 &&
+
+	# Make sure there are no commit messages with excess blank lines
+	test $(grep "^ " actual.2 | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test $(grep "^ " actual.3 | wc -l) = 5 &&
+	test $(grep "^ " actual.4 | wc -l) = 5 &&
+
+	# Make sure there are no svn commit messages with excess blank lines
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		
+		test $(svn_cmd log -r2:2 | wc -l) = 5 &&
+		test $(svn_cmd log -r4:4 | wc -l) = 7
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh b/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0455216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9123-git-svn-rebuild-with-rewriteroot.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Jan Krüger
+#
+
+test_description='git svn respects rewriteRoot during rebuild'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+mkdir import
+cd import
+	touch foo
+	svn_cmd import -m 'import for git svn' . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+cd ..
+rm -rf import
+
+test_expect_success 'init, fetch and checkout repository' '
+	git svn init --rewrite-root=http://invalid.invalid/ "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+	git checkout -b mybranch ${remotes_git_svn}
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove rev_map' '
+	rm "$GIT_SVN_DIR"/.rev_map.*
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebuild rev_map' '
+	git svn rebase >/dev/null
+	'
+
+test_done
+
diff --git a/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh b/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d6b076f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9124-git-svn-dcommit-auto-props.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Brad King
+
+test_description='git svn dcommit honors auto-props'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+generate_auto_props() {
+cat << EOF
+[miscellany]
+enable-auto-props=$1
+[auto-props]
+*.sh  = svn:mime-type=application/x-shellscript; svn:eol-style=LF
+*.txt = svn:mime-type=text/plain; svn:eol-style = native
+EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize git svn' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		echo foo >foo &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" . "$svnrepo"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable auto-props config' '
+	mkdir user &&
+	generate_auto_props yes >user/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files matching auto-props' '
+	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >exec1.sh &&
+	chmod +x exec1.sh &&
+	echo "hello" >hello.txt &&
+	echo bar >bar &&
+	git add exec1.sh hello.txt bar &&
+	git commit -m "files for enabled auto-props" &&
+	git svn dcommit --config-dir=user
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable auto-props config' '
+	generate_auto_props no >user/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files matching disabled auto-props' '
+	echo "#$SHELL_PATH" >exec2.sh &&
+	chmod +x exec2.sh &&
+	echo "world" >world.txt &&
+	echo zot >zot &&
+	git add exec2.sh world.txt zot &&
+	git commit -m "files for disabled auto-props" &&
+	git svn dcommit --config-dir=user
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check resulting svn repository' '
+(
+	mkdir work &&
+	cd work &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd svnrepo &&
+
+	# Check properties from first commit.
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:executable exec1.sh)" = "x*" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type exec1.sh)" = \
+	     "xapplication/x-shellscript" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type hello.txt)" = "xtext/plain" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:eol-style hello.txt)" = "xnative" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type bar)" = "x" &&
+
+	# Check properties from second commit.
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:executable exec2.sh)" = "x*" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type exec2.sh)" = "x" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type world.txt)" = "x" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:eol-style world.txt)" = "x" &&
+	test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type zot)" = "x"
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check renamed file' '
+	test -d user &&
+	generate_auto_props yes > user/config &&
+	git mv foo foo.sh &&
+	git commit -m "foo => foo.sh" &&
+	git svn dcommit --config-dir=user &&
+	(
+		cd work/svnrepo &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		test ! -e foo &&
+		test -e foo.sh &&
+		test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:mime-type foo.sh)" = \
+		     "xapplication/x-shellscript" &&
+		test "x$(svn_cmd propget svn:eol-style foo.sh)" = "xLF"
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh b/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c194186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Marcus Griep
+
+test_description='git svn multi-glob branch names'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	mkdir project project/trunk project/branches \
+			project/branches/v14.1 project/tags &&
+	echo foo > project/trunk/foo &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "$test_description" project "$svnrepo/project" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "fun" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+	                "$svnrepo/project/branches/v14.1/beta" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "more fun!" "$svnrepo/project/branches/v14.1/beta" \
+	                      "$svnrepo/project/branches/v14.1/gold"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test clone with multi-glob in branch names' '
+	git svn clone -T trunk -b branches/*/* -t tags \
+	              "$svnrepo/project" project &&
+	cd project &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/v14.1/beta" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/v14.1/gold" &&
+	cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'test dcommit to multi-globbed branch' "
+	cd project &&
+	git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/v14.1/gold' &&
+	echo hello >> foo &&
+	git commit -m 'hello' -- foo &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	cd ..
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9126-git-svn-follow-deleted-readded-directory.sh b/t/t9126-git-svn-follow-deleted-readded-directory.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..edec640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9126-git-svn-follow-deleted-readded-directory.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Alec Berryman
+
+test_description='git svn fetch repository with deleted and readded directory'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+# Don't run this by default; it opens up a port.
+require_svnserve
+
+test_expect_success 'load repository' '
+    svnadmin load -q "$rawsvnrepo" < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9126/follow-deleted-readded.dump
+    '
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch repository' '
+    start_svnserve &&
+    git svn init svn://127.0.0.1:$SVNSERVE_PORT &&
+    git svn fetch
+    '
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9126/follow-deleted-readded.dump b/t/t9126/follow-deleted-readded.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19da5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9126/follow-deleted-readded.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: 1807dc6f-c693-4cda-9710-00e1be8c1f21
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:13.006748Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+Create trunk
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:13.239689Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 119
+Content-length: 119
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 20
+Create trunk/project
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:13.548860Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/project
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+add new file
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:15.433630Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/project/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+foo
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 17
+change foo to bar
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:17.339884Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/project/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: c157a79031e1c40f85931829bc5fc552
+Content-length: 4
+
+bar
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 114
+Content-length: 114
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 15
+don't like that
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:19.335001Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/project
+Node-action: delete
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 110
+Content-length: 110
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 11
+reset trunk
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:19.845897Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/project
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 4
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk/project
+
+
+Revision-number: 7
+Prop-content-length: 113
+Content-length: 113
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 14
+change to quux
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+alec
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-09-14T19:53:21.367947Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/project/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 5
+Text-content-md5: d3b07a382ec010c01889250fce66fb13
+Content-length: 5
+
+quux
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9127-git-svn-partial-rebuild.sh b/t/t9127-git-svn-partial-rebuild.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4aab8ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9127-git-svn-partial-rebuild.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Deskin Miller
+#
+
+test_description='git svn partial-rebuild tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir trunk branches tags &&
+		cd trunk &&
+		echo foo > foo &&
+		cd .. &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null &&
+		svn_cmd copy "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/a \
+			-m "created branch a" &&
+		cd .. &&
+		rm -rf import &&
+		svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk trunk &&
+		cd trunk &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk" &&
+		cd .. &&
+		svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/branches/a a &&
+		cd a &&
+		echo baz >> a &&
+		svn_cmd add a &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated a" &&
+		cd .. &&
+		git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import an early SVN revision into git' '
+	git svn fetch -r1:2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make full git mirror of SVN' '
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git init &&
+		git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo" &&
+		git svn fetch &&
+		cd ..
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch from git mirror and partial-rebuild' '
+	git config --add remote.origin.url "file://$PWD/mirror/.git" &&
+	git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/* &&
+	git fetch origin &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh b/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..807e494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Deskin Miller
+#
+
+test_description='git svn partial-rebuild tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir trunk branches tags &&
+		cd trunk &&
+		echo foo > foo &&
+		cd .. &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null &&
+		cd .. &&
+		rm -rf import &&
+		svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk trunk &&
+		cd trunk &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk" &&
+		cd .. &&
+		rm -rf trunk
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import into git' '
+	git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout remotes/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
+	git svn branch a &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/a:) &&
+	git svn branch -m "created branch b blah" b &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/b:) &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m "no branchname" &&
+	git svn branch -n c &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/c &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
+	git svn branch -t tag1 &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag1:) &&
+	git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag2:) &&
+	git svn tag tag3 &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag3:) &&
+	git svn tag -m "created tag4 foo" tag4 &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag4:) &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag -m "no tagname" &&
+	git svn tag -n tag5 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag5 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag tag1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch uses correct svn-remote' '
+	(svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn &&
+	cd svn &&
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	svn_cmd add mirror &&
+	svn_cmd copy trunk mirror/ &&
+	svn_cmd copy tags mirror/ &&
+	svn_cmd copy branches mirror/ &&
+	svn_cmd ci -m "made mirror" ) &&
+	rm -rf svn &&
+	git svn init -s -R mirror --prefix=mirror/ "$svnrepo"/mirror &&
+	git svn fetch -R mirror &&
+	git checkout mirror/trunk &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD:) &&
+	git svn branch -m "branch in mirror" d &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/mirror/d:) &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b9224bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9129-git-svn-i18n-commitencoding.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Eric Wong
+
+test_description='git svn honors i18n.commitEncoding in config'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+compare_git_head_with () {
+	nr=`wc -l < "$1"`
+	a=7
+	b=$(($a + $nr - 1))
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne "$a,${b}p" >current &&
+	test_cmp current "$1"
+}
+
+compare_svn_head_with () {
+	# extract just the log message and strip out committer info.
+	# don't use --limit here since svn 1.1.x doesn't have it,
+	LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 svn log `git svn info --url` | perl -w -e '
+		use bytes;
+		$/ = ("-"x72) . "\n";
+		my @x = <STDIN>;
+		@x = split(/\n/, $x[1]);
+		splice(@x, 0, 2);
+		$x[-1] = "";
+		print join("\n", @x);
+	' > current &&
+	test_cmp current "$1"
+}
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H setup" '
+		mkdir $H &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "$H test" $H "$svnrepo"/$H &&
+		git svn clone "$svnrepo"/$H $H
+	'
+done
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H commit on git side" '
+	(
+		cd $H &&
+		git config i18n.commitencoding $H &&
+		git checkout -b t refs/remotes/git-svn &&
+		echo $H >F &&
+		git add F &&
+		git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/$H.txt &&
+		E=$(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne "s/^encoding //p") &&
+		test "z$E" = "z$H"
+		compare_git_head_with "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/$H.txt
+	)
+	'
+done
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H dcommit to svn" '
+	(
+		cd $H &&
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git cat-file commit HEAD | grep git-svn-id: &&
+		E=$(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne "s/^encoding //p") &&
+		test "z$E" = "z$H" &&
+		compare_git_head_with "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/$H.txt
+	)
+	'
+done
+
+if locale -a |grep -q en_US.utf8; then
+	test_set_prereq UTF8
+else
+	say "UTF-8 locale not available, test skipped"
+fi
+
+test_expect_success UTF8 'ISO-8859-1 should match UTF-8 in svn' '
+	(
+		cd ISO8859-1 &&
+		compare_svn_head_with "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt
+	)
+'
+
+for H in eucJP ISO-2022-JP
+do
+	test_expect_success UTF8 "$H should match UTF-8 in svn" '
+		(
+			cd $H &&
+			compare_svn_head_with "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/2-UTF-8.txt
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..134411e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn authors file tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+cat > svn-authors <<EOF
+aa = AAAAAAA AAAAAAA <aa@example.com>
+bb = BBBBBBB BBBBBBB <bb@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	for i in aa bb cc dd
+	do
+		svn_cmd mkdir -m $i --username $i "$svnrepo"/$i
+	done
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'start import with incomplete authors file' '
+	! git svn clone --authors-file=svn-authors "$svnrepo" x
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'imported 2 revisions successfully' '
+	(
+		cd x
+		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 2 &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
+		  grep "^author BBBBBBB BBBBBBB <bb@example\.com> " &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
+		  grep "^author AAAAAAA AAAAAAA <aa@example\.com> "
+	)
+	'
+
+cat >> svn-authors <<EOF
+cc = CCCCCCC CCCCCCC <cc@example.com>
+dd = DDDDDDD DDDDDDD <dd@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'continues to import once authors have been added' '
+	(
+		cd x
+		git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors &&
+		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 4 &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
+		  grep "^author DDDDDDD DDDDDDD <dd@example\.com> " &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
+		  grep "^author CCCCCCC CCCCCCC <cc@example\.com> "
+	)
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'authors-file against globs' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m globs --username aa \
+	  "$svnrepo"/aa/trunk "$svnrepo"/aa/branches "$svnrepo"/aa/tags &&
+	git svn clone --authors-file=svn-authors -s "$svnrepo"/aa aa-work &&
+	for i in bb ee cc
+	do
+		branch="aa/branches/$i"
+		svn_cmd mkdir -m "$branch" --username $i "$svnrepo/$branch"
+	done
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch fails on ee' '
+	( cd aa-work && ! git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors )
+	'
+
+tmp_config_get () {
+	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --get "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'failure happened without negative side effects' '
+	(
+		cd aa-work &&
+		test 6 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev`" &&
+		test 6 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.tags-maxRev`"
+	)
+	'
+
+cat >> svn-authors <<EOF
+ee = EEEEEEE EEEEEEE <ee@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch continues after authors-file is fixed' '
+	(
+		cd aa-work &&
+		git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors &&
+		test 8 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev`" &&
+		test 8 -eq "`tmp_config_get svn-remote.svn.tags-maxRev`"
+	)
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'fresh clone with svn.authors-file in config' '
+	(
+		rm -r "$GIT_DIR" &&
+		test x = x"$(git config svn.authorsfile)" &&
+		HOME="`pwd`" &&
+		export HOME &&
+		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+		unset GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL &&
+		unset GIT_DIR &&
+		unset GIT_CONFIG &&
+		git config --global \
+		  svn.authorsfile "$HOME"/svn-authors &&
+		test x"$HOME"/svn-authors = x"$(git config svn.authorsfile)" &&
+		git svn clone "$svnrepo" gitconfig.clone &&
+		cd gitconfig.clone &&
+		nr_ex=$(git log | grep "^Author:.*example.com" | wc -l) &&
+		nr_rev=$(git rev-list HEAD | wc -l) &&
+		test $nr_rev -eq $nr_ex
+	)
+'
+
+test_debug 'GIT_DIR=gitconfig.clone/.git git log'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9131-git-svn-empty-symlink.sh b/t/t9131-git-svn-empty-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a24a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9131-git-svn-empty-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with empty symlinks'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+test_expect_success 'load svn dumpfile' '
+	svnadmin load "$rawsvnrepo" <<EOF
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: 60780f9a-7df5-43b4-83ab-60e2c0673ef7
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-11-26T07:17:27.590577Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 4
+test
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 12
+normalperson
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-11-26T07:18:03.511836Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 33
+Text-content-length: 0
+Text-content-md5: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
+Content-length: 33
+
+K 11
+svn:special
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 121
+Content-length: 121
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 13
+bar => doink
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 12
+normalperson
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-11-27T03:55:31.601672Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 92ca4fe7a9721f877f765c252dcd66c9
+Content-length: 10
+
+link doink
+
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -r1 "$svnrepo" x'
+test_expect_success 'enable broken symlink workaround' \
+  '(cd x && git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround true)'
+test_expect_success '"bar" is an empty file' 'test -f x/bar && ! test -s x/bar'
+test_expect_success 'get "bar" => symlink fix from svn' \
+		'(cd x && git svn rebase)'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '"bar" becomes a symlink' 'test -L x/bar'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -r1 "$svnrepo" y'
+test_expect_success 'disable broken symlink workaround' \
+  '(cd y && git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround false)'
+test_expect_success '"bar" is an empty file' 'test -f y/bar && ! test -s y/bar'
+test_expect_success 'get "bar" => symlink fix from svn' \
+		'(cd y && git svn rebase)'
+test_expect_success '"bar" does not become a symlink' '! test -L y/bar'
+
+# svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround is unset
+test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -r1 "$svnrepo" z'
+test_expect_success '"bar" is an empty file' 'test -f z/bar && ! test -s z/bar'
+test_expect_success 'get "bar" => symlink fix from svn' \
+		'(cd z && git svn rebase)'
+test_expect_success '"bar" does not become a symlink' '! test -L z/bar'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh b/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6c4c90b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9132-git-svn-broken-symlink.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with empty symlinks'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+test_expect_success 'load svn dumpfile' '
+	svnadmin load "$rawsvnrepo" <<EOF
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: 60780f9a-7df5-43b4-83ab-60e2c0673ef7
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-11-26T07:17:27.590577Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 4
+test
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 12
+normalperson
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-11-26T07:18:03.511836Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 33
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: 912ec803b2ce49e4a541068d495ab570
+Content-length: 37
+
+K 11
+svn:special
+V 1
+*
+PROPS-END
+asdf
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 121
+Content-length: 121
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 13
+bar => doink
+
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 12
+normalperson
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2008-11-27T03:55:31.601672Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: bar
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 92ca4fe7a9721f877f765c252dcd66c9
+Content-length: 10
+
+link doink
+
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -r1 "$svnrepo" x'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '"bar" is a symlink that points to "asdf"' '
+	test -L x/bar &&
+	(cd x && test xasdf = x"`git cat-file blob HEAD:bar`")
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get "bar" => symlink fix from svn' '
+	(cd x && git svn rebase)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '"bar" remains a proper symlink' '
+	test -L x/bar &&
+	(cd x && test xdoink = x"`git cat-file blob HEAD:bar`")
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9133-git-svn-nested-git-repo.sh b/t/t9133-git-svn-nested-git-repo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f3c30e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9133-git-svn-nested-git-repo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with a git repo inside it' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		git init &&
+		test -f .git/HEAD &&
+		> .git/a &&
+		echo a > a &&
+		svn_cmd add .git a &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create a nested git repo" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> .git/a &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify .git/a" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repo containing a git repo' '
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo a > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect g/a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of .git' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> a &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of .git" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of .git"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		echo a > expect &&
+		echo b >> expect &&
+		test_cmp a expect &&
+		rm expect
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of .git' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m "add a inside an SVN repo" &&
+		git log &&
+		svn_cmd add --force .git &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of .git" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of .git"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		echo a > expect &&
+		echo b >> expect &&
+		test_cmp a expect &&
+		rm expect
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of .git' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo c >> a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m "add a inside an SVN repo" &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of .git" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of .git"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		echo a > expect &&
+		echo b >> expect &&
+		echo c >> expect &&
+		test_cmp a expect &&
+		rm expect
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9134-git-svn-ignore-paths.sh b/t/t9134-git-svn-ignore-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..09ff10c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9134-git-svn-ignore-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Vitaly Shukela
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir qqq www &&
+		echo test_qqq > qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		echo test_www > www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add qqq &&
+		svn_cmd add www &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create some files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repository with ignored www directory' '
+	git svn clone --ignore-paths="^www" "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in g/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init+fetch an SVN repository with ignored www directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" c &&
+	( cd c && git svn fetch --ignore-paths="^www" ) &&
+	rm expect2 &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in c/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify ignore-paths config saved by clone' '
+	(
+	    cd g &&
+	    git config --get svn-remote.svn.ignore-paths | fgrep "www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config ignore)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option ignore)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --ignore-paths="^www" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo zaq >> www/test_www.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config ignore)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option ignore)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --ignore-paths="^www" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo cvf >> www/test_www.txt
+		echo ygg >> qqq/test_qqq.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (config ignore)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (option ignore)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --ignore-paths="^www" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh b/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5280e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test moved svn branch with missing empty files'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+test_expect_success 'load svn dumpfile'  '
+	svnadmin load "$rawsvnrepo" < "${TEST_DIRECTORY}/t9135/svn.dump"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" x'
+
+test_expect_success 'test that b1 exists and is empty' '
+	(
+		cd x &&
+		git reset --hard branch-c &&
+		test -f b1 &&
+		! test -s b1
+	)
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9135/svn.dump b/t/t9135/svn.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51c0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9135/svn.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: 1f80e919-e9e3-4d80-a3ae-d9f21095e27b
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:16.424027Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 123
+Content-length: 123
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 20
+init standard layout
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:17.195072Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 121
+Content-length: 121
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+branch-b off trunk
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:19.160095Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/branch-b
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+Prop-content-length: 34
+Content-length: 34
+
+K 13
+svn:mergeinfo
+V 0
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 120
+Content-length: 120
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 17
+add empty file b1
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:20.194568Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/branch-b/b1
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 0
+Text-content-md5: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 110
+Content-length: 110
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 8
+branch-c
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:21.169100Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/branch-c
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 3
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 126
+Content-length: 126
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 23
+oops, wrong branchpoint
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:21.253557Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/branch-c
+Node-action: delete
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 127
+Content-length: 127
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 24
+branch-c off of branch-b
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-10T19:23:21.314659Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/branch-c
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 5
+Node-copyfrom-path: branches/branch-b
+Prop-content-length: 34
+Content-length: 34
+
+K 13
+svn:mergeinfo
+V 0
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9136-git-svn-recreated-branch-empty-file.sh b/t/t9136-git-svn-recreated-branch-empty-file.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..733d16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9136-git-svn-recreated-branch-empty-file.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test recreated svn branch with empty files'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+test_expect_success 'load svn dumpfile'  '
+	svnadmin load "$rawsvnrepo" < "${TEST_DIRECTORY}/t9136/svn.dump"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" x'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9136/svn.dump b/t/t9136/svn.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b1ce0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9136/svn.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: eecae021-8f16-48da-969d-79beb8ae6ea5
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:56.292890Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 106
+Content-length: 106
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 4
+init
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:57.192384Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: tags
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/file
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 0
+Text-content-md5: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 105
+Content-length: 105
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 3
+1.0
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:58.124724Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: tags/1.0
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 9
+1.0.1-bad
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:58.151727Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: tags/1.0.1
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 2
+Node-copyfrom-path: tags/1.0
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 9
+Wrong tag
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:58.167427Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: tags/1.0.1
+Node-action: delete
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 113
+Content-length: 113
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 10
+1.0-branch
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:58.184498Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/1.0
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 4
+Node-copyfrom-path: tags/1.0
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 113
+Content-length: 113
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 10
+1.0.1-good
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 8
+john.doe
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-02-22T00:50:58.200695Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: tags/1.0.1
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 5
+Node-copyfrom-path: branches/1.0
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..636ca0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9137-git-svn-dcommit-clobber-series.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Eric Wong
+test_description='git svn dcommit clobber series'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	cd import &&
+	awk "BEGIN { for (i = 1; i < 64; i++) { print i } }" > file
+	svn_cmd import -m "initial" . "$svnrepo" &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test -e file
+	'
+
+test_expect_success '(supposedly) non-conflicting change from SVN' '
+	test x"`sed -n -e 58p < file`" = x58 &&
+	test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x61 &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" tmp &&
+	cd tmp &&
+		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^58$/5588/" file &&
+		perl -i.bak -p -e "s/^61$/6611/" file &&
+		poke file &&
+		test x"`sed -n -e 58p < file`" = x5588 &&
+		test x"`sed -n -e 61p < file`" = x6611 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "58 => 5588, 61 => 6611" &&
+		cd ..
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'some unrelated changes to git' "
+	echo hi > life &&
+	git update-index --add life &&
+	git commit -m hi-life &&
+	echo bye >> life &&
+	git commit -m bye-life life
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'change file but in unrelated area' "
+	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4 &&
+	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7 &&
+	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^4\$/4444/' file &&
+	perl -i.bak -p -e 's/^7\$/7777/' file &&
+	test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4444 &&
+	test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7777 &&
+	git commit -m '4 => 4444, 7 => 7777' file &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd up tmp &&
+	cd tmp &&
+		test x\"\`sed -n -e 4p < file\`\" = x4444 &&
+		test x\"\`sed -n -e 7p < file\`\" = x7777 &&
+		test x\"\`sed -n -e 58p < file\`\" = x5588 &&
+		test x\"\`sed -n -e 61p < file\`\" = x6611
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'attempt to dcommit with a dirty index' '
+	echo foo >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git svn dcommit
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh b/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..83cc5fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong, Mark Lodato
+#
+
+test_description='git svn authors prog tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+cat > svn-authors-prog <<'EOF'
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+$_ = shift;
+if (s/-sub$//)  {
+	print "$_ <$_\@sub.example.com>\n";
+}
+else {
+	print "$_ <$_\@example.com>\n";
+}
+EOF
+chmod +x svn-authors-prog
+
+cat > svn-authors <<'EOF'
+ff = FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other.example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	for i in aa bb cc-sub dd-sub ee-foo ff
+	do
+		svn mkdir -m $i --username $i "$svnrepo"/$i
+	done
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'import authors with prog and file' '
+	git svn clone --authors-prog=./svn-authors-prog \
+	    --authors-file=svn-authors "$svnrepo" x
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'imported 6 revisions successfully' '
+	(
+		cd x
+		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 6
+	)
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'authors-prog ran correctly' '
+	(
+		cd x
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
+		  grep "^author ee-foo <ee-foo@example\.com> " &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~2 | \
+		  grep "^author dd <dd@sub\.example\.com> " &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~3 | \
+		  grep "^author cc <cc@sub\.example\.com> " &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~4 | \
+		  grep "^author bb <bb@example\.com> " &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~5 | \
+		  grep "^author aa <aa@example\.com> "
+	)
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'authors-file overrode authors-prog' '
+	(
+		cd x
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
+		  grep "^author FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other\.example\.com> "
+	)
+	'
+
+git --git-dir=x/.git config --unset svn.authorsfile
+git --git-dir=x/.git config --unset svn.authorsprog
+
+test_expect_success 'authors-prog handled special characters in username' '
+	svn mkdir -m bad --username "xyz; touch evil" "$svnrepo"/bad &&
+	(
+		cd x &&
+		git svn --authors-prog=../svn-authors-prog fetch &&
+		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn |
+		grep "^author xyz; touch evil <xyz; touch evil@example\.com> " &&
+		! test -f evil
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh b/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f337959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+
+test_description='git svn refuses to dcommit non-UTF8 messages'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+# ISO-2022-JP can pass for valid UTF-8, so skipping that in this test
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H setup" '
+		mkdir $H &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "$H test" $H "$svnrepo"/$H &&
+		git svn clone "$svnrepo"/$H $H
+	'
+done
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H commit on git side" '
+	(
+		cd $H &&
+		git config i18n.commitencoding $H &&
+		git checkout -b t refs/remotes/git-svn &&
+		echo $H >F &&
+		git add F &&
+		git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/$H.txt &&
+		E=$(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne "s/^encoding //p") &&
+		test "z$E" = "z$H"
+	)
+	'
+done
+
+for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP
+do
+	test_expect_success "$H dcommit to svn" '
+	(
+		cd $H &&
+		git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
+		! git svn dcommit
+	)
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh b/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0735526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Ben Jackson
+#
+
+test_description='git svn reset'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir vis &&
+		echo always visible > vis/vis.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add vis &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create visible files" &&
+		mkdir hid &&
+		echo initially hidden > hid/hid.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add hid &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create initially hidden files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo mod >> vis/vis.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify vis" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone SVN repository with hidden directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" g &&
+	( cd g && git svn fetch --ignore-paths="^hid" )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify hidden file in SVN repo' '
+	( cd s &&
+	  echo mod hidden >> hid/hid.txt &&
+	  svn_cmd commit -m "modify hid" &&
+	  svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch fails on modified hidden file' '
+	( cd g &&
+	  git svn find-rev refs/remotes/git-svn > ../expect &&
+	  ! git svn fetch 2> ../errors &&
+	  git svn find-rev refs/remotes/git-svn > ../expect2 ) &&
+	fgrep "not found in commit" errors &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset unwinds back to r1' '
+	( cd g &&
+	  git svn reset -r1 &&
+	  git svn find-rev refs/remotes/git-svn > ../expect2 ) &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refetch succeeds not ignoring any files' '
+	( cd g &&
+	  git svn fetch &&
+	  git svn rebase &&
+	  fgrep "mod hidden" hid/hid.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh b/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3cd0671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Marc Branchaud
+#
+
+test_description='git svn multiple branch and tag paths in the svn repo'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
+	mkdir	project \
+		project/trunk \
+		project/b_one \
+		project/b_two \
+		project/tags_A \
+		project/tags_B &&
+	echo 1 > project/trunk/a.file &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "$test_description" project "$svnrepo/project" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "Branch 1" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+				 "$svnrepo/project/b_one/first" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 1" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+			      "$svnrepo/project/tags_A/1.0" &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo/project" svn_project &&
+	( cd svn_project &&
+		echo 2 > trunk/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 1" trunk/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Branch 2" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+					 "$svnrepo/project/b_one/second" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 2" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_A/2.0" &&
+		echo 3 > trunk/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 2" trunk/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Branch 3" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+					 "$svnrepo/project/b_two/1" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 3" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_A/3.0" &&
+		echo 4 > trunk/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 3" trunk/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Branch 4" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+					 "$svnrepo/project/b_two/2" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 4" "$svnrepo/project/trunk" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_A/4.0" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo 5 > b_one/first/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 4" b_one/first/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 5" "$svnrepo/project/b_one/first" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_B/v5" &&
+		echo 6 > b_one/second/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 5" b_one/second/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 6" "$svnrepo/project/b_one/second" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_B/v6" &&
+		echo 7 > b_two/1/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 6" b_two/1/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 7" "$svnrepo/project/b_two/1" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_B/v7" &&
+		echo 8 > b_two/2/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "Change 7" b_two/2/a.file &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m "Tag 8" "$svnrepo/project/b_two/2" \
+				      "$svnrepo/project/tags_B/v8"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone multiple branch and tag paths' '
+	git svn clone -T trunk \
+		      -b b_one/* --branches b_two/* \
+		      -t tags_A/* --tags tags_B \
+		      "$svnrepo/project" git_project &&
+	( cd git_project &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/first &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/second &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/1 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/2 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/1.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/2.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/3.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/4.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v5 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v6 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v7 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v8
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Multiple branch or tag paths require -d' '
+	( cd git_project &&
+		test_must_fail git svn branch -m "No new branch" Nope &&
+		test_must_fail git svn tag -m "No new tag" Tagless &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/Nope &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/Tagless
+	) &&
+	( cd svn_project &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		test_must_fail test -d b_one/Nope &&
+		test_must_fail test -d b_two/Nope &&
+		test_must_fail test -d tags_A/Tagless &&
+		test_must_fail test -d tags_B/Tagless
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new branches and tags' '
+	( cd git_project &&
+		git svn branch -m "New branch 1" -d b_one New1 ) &&
+	( cd svn_project &&
+		svn_cmd up && test -e b_one/New1/a.file ) &&
+
+	( cd git_project &&
+		git svn branch -m "New branch 2" -d b_two New2 ) &&
+	( cd svn_project &&
+		svn_cmd up && test -e b_two/New2/a.file ) &&
+
+	( cd git_project &&
+		git svn branch -t -m "New tag 1" -d tags_A Tag1 ) &&
+	( cd svn_project &&
+		svn_cmd up && test -e tags_A/Tag1/a.file ) &&
+
+	( cd git_project &&
+		git svn tag -m "New tag 2" -d tags_B Tag2 ) &&
+	( cd svn_project &&
+		svn_cmd up && test -e tags_B/Tag2/a.file )
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh b/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1236acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9142-git-svn-shallow-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+#
+
+test_description='git svn shallow clone'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create standard layout" \
+	  "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches "$svnrepo"/tags &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "branch off trunk" \
+	  "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/a &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/branches/a &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		> foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "add foo"
+	)
+'
+
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'clone trunk with "-r HEAD"' '
+	git svn clone -r HEAD "$svnrepo/trunk" g &&
+	( cd g && git rev-parse --symbolic --verify HEAD )
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh b/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..99f69c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9143-git-svn-gc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Robert Allan Zeh
+
+test_description='git svn gc basic tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup directories and test repo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	echo "Sample text for Subversion repository." > import/test.txt &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" import "$svnrepo" > /dev/null
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout working copy from svn' \
+	'svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" test_wc'
+
+test_expect_success 'set some properties to create an unhandled.log file' '
+	(
+		cd test_wc &&
+		svn_cmd propset foo bar test.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "property set"
+	)'
+
+test_expect_success 'Setup repo' 'git svn init "$svnrepo"'
+
+test_expect_success 'Fetch repo' 'git svn fetch'
+
+test_expect_success 'make backup copy of unhandled.log' '
+	 cp .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/unhandled.log tmp
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'create leftover index' '> .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/index'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn gc runs' 'git svn gc'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn index removed' '! test -f .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/index'
+
+if perl -MCompress::Zlib -e 0 2>/dev/null
+then
+	test_expect_success 'git svn gc produces a valid gzip file' '
+		 gunzip .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/unhandled.log.gz
+		'
+else
+	say "Perl Compress::Zlib unavailable, skipping gunzip test"
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn gc does not change unhandled.log files' '
+	 test_cmp .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/unhandled.log tmp/unhandled.log
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9144-git-svn-old-rev_map.sh b/t/t9144-git-svn-old-rev_map.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7600a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9144-git-svn-old-rev_map.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+
+test_description='git svn old rev_map preservd'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository with old layout' '
+	mkdir i &&
+	(cd i && > a) &&
+	svn_cmd import -m- i "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test -d .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/ &&
+	! test -e .git/svn/git-svn/ &&
+	mv .git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn .git/svn/ &&
+	rm -r .git/svn/refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'old layout continues to work' '
+	svn_cmd import -m- i "$svnrepo/b" &&
+	git svn rebase &&
+	echo a >> b/a &&
+	git add b/a &&
+	git commit -m- -a &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	! test -d .git/svn/refs/ &&
+	test -e .git/svn/git-svn/
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh b/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..16852d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+#
+test_description='git svn initial master branch is "trunk" if possible'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	mkdir i &&
+	> i/a &&
+	svn_cmd import -m trunk i "$svnrepo/trunk" &&
+	svn_cmd import -m b/a i "$svnrepo/branches/a" &&
+	svn_cmd import -m b/b i "$svnrepo/branches/b"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn clone --stdlayout sets up trunk as master' '
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" g &&
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		test x`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/trunk^0` = \
+		     x`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master^0`
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh b/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..565365c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9146-git-svn-empty-dirs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Eric Wong
+
+test_description='git svn creates empty directories'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	for i in a b c d d/e d/e/f "weird file name"
+	do
+		svn_cmd mkdir -m "mkdir $i" "$svnrepo"/"$i"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone' 'git svn clone "$svnrepo" cloned'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty directories exist' '
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		for i in a b c d d/e d/e/f "weird file name"
+		do
+			if ! test -d "$i"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$i does not exist"
+				exit 1
+			fi
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'more emptiness' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "bang bang"  "$svnrepo"/"! !"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn rebase creates empty directory' '
+	( cd cloned && git svn rebase )
+	test -d cloned/"! !"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn mkdirs recreates empty directories' '
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		rm -r * &&
+		git svn mkdirs &&
+		for i in a b c d d/e d/e/f "weird file name" "! !"
+		do
+			if ! test -d "$i"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$i does not exist"
+				exit 1
+			fi
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn mkdirs -r works' '
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		rm -r * &&
+		git svn mkdirs -r7 &&
+		for i in a b c d d/e d/e/f "weird file name"
+		do
+			if ! test -d "$i"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$i does not exist"
+				exit 1
+			fi
+		done
+
+		if test -d "! !"
+		then
+			echo >&2 "$i should not exist"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		git svn mkdirs -r8 &&
+		if ! test -d "! !"
+		then
+			echo >&2 "$i not exist"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize trunk' '
+	for i in trunk trunk/a trunk/"weird file name"
+	do
+		svn_cmd mkdir -m "mkdir $i" "$svnrepo"/"$i"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone trunk' 'git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" trunk'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty directories in trunk exist' '
+	(
+		cd trunk &&
+		for i in a "weird file name"
+		do
+			if ! test -d "$i"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$i does not exist"
+				exit 1
+			fi
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove a top-level directory from svn' '
+	svn_cmd rm -m "remove d" "$svnrepo"/d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'removed top-level directory does not exist' '
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo" removed &&
+	test ! -e removed/d
+
+'
+unhandled=.git/svn/refs/remotes/git-svn/unhandled.log
+test_expect_success 'git svn gc-ed files work' '
+	(
+		cd removed &&
+		git svn gc &&
+		: Compress::Zlib may not be available &&
+		if test -f "$unhandled".gz
+		then
+			svn_cmd mkdir -m gz "$svnrepo"/gz &&
+			git reset --hard $(git rev-list HEAD | tail -1) &&
+			git svn rebase &&
+			test -f "$unhandled".gz &&
+			test -f "$unhandled" &&
+			for i in a b c "weird file name" gz "! !"
+			do
+				if ! test -d "$i"
+				then
+					echo >&2 "$i does not exist"
+					exit 1
+				fi
+			done
+		fi
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh b/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5358142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9150-svk-mergetickets.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Sam Vilain
+#
+
+test_description='git-svn svk merge tickets'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load svk depot' "
+	svnadmin load -q '$rawsvnrepo' \
+	  < '$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9150/svk-merge.dump' &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R svkmerge \
+	  -T trunk -b branches '$svnrepo' &&
+	git svn fetch --all
+	"
+
+uuid=b48289b2-9c08-4d72-af37-0358a40b9c15
+
+test_expect_success 'svk merges were represented coming in' "
+	[ `git cat-file commit HEAD | grep parent | wc -l` -eq 2 ]
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9150/make-svk-dump b/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2242f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# this script sets up a Subversion repository for Makefile in the
+# first ever git merge, as if it were done with svk.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+svk depotmap foo ~/.svk/foo
+svk co /foo/ foo
+cd foo
+mkdir trunk
+mkdir branches
+svk add trunk branches
+svk commit -m "Setup trunk and branches"
+cd trunk
+
+git cat-file blob 6683463e:Makefile > Makefile
+svk add Makefile 
+
+svk commit -m "ancestor"
+cd ..
+svk cp trunk branches/left
+
+svk commit -m "make left branch"
+cd branches/left/
+
+git cat-file blob 5873b67e:Makefile > Makefile
+svk commit -m "left update 1"
+
+cd ../../trunk
+git cat-file blob 75118b13:Makefile > Makefile
+svk commit -m "trunk update"
+
+cd ../branches/left
+git cat-file blob b5039db6:Makefile > Makefile
+svk commit -m "left update 2"
+
+cd ../../trunk
+svk sm /foo/branches/left
+# in theory we could delete the "left" branch here, but it's not
+# required so don't do it, in case people start getting ideas ;)
+svk commit -m "merge branch 'left' into 'trunk'"
+
+git cat-file blob b51ad431:Makefile > Makefile
+
+svk diff Makefile && echo "Hey!  No differences, magic"
+
+cd ../..
+
+svnadmin dump ~/.svk/foo > svk-merge.dump
+
+svk co -d foo
+rm -rf foo
+svk depotmap -d /foo/
+rm -rf ~/.svk/foo
+
diff --git a/t/t9150/svk-merge.dump b/t/t9150/svk-merge.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42f70db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9150/svk-merge.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: b48289b2-9c08-4d72-af37-0358a40b9c15
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:03.722969Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 123
+Content-length: 123
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 24
+Setup trunk and branches
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:04.927533Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 106
+Content-length: 106
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 8
+ancestor
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:05.835585Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 2401
+Text-content-md5: bfd8ff778d1492dc6758567373176a89
+Content-length: 2411
+
+PROPS-END
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 115
+Content-length: 115
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 16
+make left branch
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:06.719737Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 2
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 112
+Content-length: 112
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 13
+left update 1
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:07.167666Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2465
+Text-content-md5: 16e38d9753b061731650561ce01b1195
+Content-length: 2465
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+trunk update
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:07.619633Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2521
+Text-content-md5: 0668418a621333f4aa8b6632cd63e2a0
+Content-length: 2521
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base merge-cache
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-cache: merge-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-cache merge-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 112
+Content-length: 112
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 13
+left update 2
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:08.067554Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2593
+Text-content-md5: 5ccff689fb290e00b85fe18ee50c54ba
+Content-length: 2593
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 7
+Prop-content-length: 131
+Content-length: 131
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 32
+merge branch 'left' into 'trunk'
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 4
+samv
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2009-10-19T23:44:08.971801Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 83
+Content-length: 83
+
+K 9
+svk:merge
+V 53
+b48289b2-9c08-4d72-af37-0358a40b9c15:/branches/left:6
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2713
+Text-content-md5: 0afbe34f244cd662b1f97d708c687f90
+Content-length: 2713
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base merge-cache
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-cache: merge-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-cache merge-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh b/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3569c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9151-svn-mergeinfo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007, 2009 Sam Vilain
+#
+
+test_description='git-svn svn mergeinfo properties'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load svn dump' "
+	svnadmin load -q '$rawsvnrepo' \
+	  < '$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9151/svn-mergeinfo.dump' &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -R svnmerge \
+	  -T trunk -b branches '$svnrepo' &&
+	git svn fetch --all
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'all svn merges became git merge commits' '
+	unmarked=$(git rev-list --parents --all --grep=Merge |
+		grep -v " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ")
+	[ -z "$unmarked" ]
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry picks did not become git merge commits' '
+	bad_cherries=$(git rev-list --parents --all --grep=Cherry |
+		grep " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ")
+	[ -z "$bad_cherries" ]
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'svn non-merge merge commits did not become git merge commits' '
+	bad_non_merges=$(git rev-list --parents --all --grep=non-merge |
+		grep " .* " | cut -f1 -d" ")
+	[ -z "$bad_non_merges" ]
+	'
+
+test_expect_failure 'everything got merged in the end' '
+	unmerged=$(git rev-list --all --not master)
+	[ -z "$unmerged" ]
+	'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9151/.gitignore b/t/t9151/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..587c37d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9151/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+foo
+foo.svn
diff --git a/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump b/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d73f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# this script sets up a Subversion repository for Makefile in the
+# first ever git merge, as if it were done with svnmerge (SVN 1.5+)
+#
+
+rm -rf foo.svn foo
+set -e
+
+mkdir foo.svn
+svnadmin create foo.svn
+svn co file://`pwd`/foo.svn foo
+
+commit() {
+    i=$(( $1 + 1 ))
+    shift;
+    svn commit -m "(r$i) $*" >/dev/null || exit 1
+    echo $i
+}
+
+say() {
+    echo " * $*"
+}
+
+i=0
+cd foo
+mkdir trunk
+mkdir branches
+mkdir tags
+svn add trunk branches tags
+i=$(commit $i "Setup trunk, branches, and tags")
+
+git cat-file blob 6683463e:Makefile > trunk/Makefile
+svn add trunk/Makefile 
+
+say "Committing ANCESTOR"
+i=$(commit $i "ancestor")
+svn cp trunk branches/left
+
+say "Committing BRANCH POINT"
+i=$(commit $i "make left branch")
+svn cp trunk branches/right
+
+say "Committing other BRANCH POINT"
+i=$(commit $i "make right branch")
+
+say "Committing LEFT UPDATE"
+git cat-file blob 5873b67e:Makefile > branches/left/Makefile
+i=$(commit $i "left update 1")
+
+git cat-file blob 75118b13:Makefile > branches/right/Makefile
+say "Committing RIGHT UPDATE"
+pre_right_update_1=$i
+i=$(commit $i "right update 1")
+
+say "Making more commits on LEFT"
+git cat-file blob ff5ebe39:Makefile > branches/left/Makefile
+i=$(commit $i "left update 2")
+git cat-file blob b5039db6:Makefile > branches/left/Makefile
+i=$(commit $i "left update 3")
+
+say "Making a LEFT SUB-BRANCH"
+svn cp branches/left branches/left-sub
+sub_left_make=$i
+i=$(commit $i "make left sub-branch")
+
+say "Making a commit on LEFT SUB-BRANCH"
+echo "crunch" > branches/left-sub/README
+svn add branches/left-sub/README
+i=$(commit $i "left sub-branch update 1")
+
+say "Merging LEFT to TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk
+svn merge ../branches/left --accept postpone
+git cat-file blob b5039db6:Makefile > Makefile
+svn resolved Makefile
+i=$(commit $i "Merge left to trunk 1")
+cd ..
+
+say "Making more commits on LEFT and RIGHT"
+echo "touche" > branches/left/zlonk
+svn add branches/left/zlonk
+i=$(commit $i "left update 4")
+echo "thwacke" > branches/right/bang
+svn add branches/right/bang
+i=$(commit $i "right update 2")
+
+say "Squash merge of RIGHT tip 2 commits onto TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk
+svn merge -r$pre_right_update_1:$i ../branches/right
+i=$(commit $i "Cherry-pick right 2 commits to trunk")
+cd ..
+
+say "Merging RIGHT to TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk
+svn merge ../branches/right --accept postpone
+git cat-file blob b51ad431:Makefile > Makefile
+svn resolved Makefile
+i=$(commit $i "Merge right to trunk 1")
+cd ..
+
+say "Making more commits on RIGHT and TRUNK"
+echo "whamm" > branches/right/urkkk
+svn add branches/right/urkkk
+i=$(commit $i "right update 3")
+echo "pow" > trunk/vronk
+svn add trunk/vronk
+i=$(commit $i "trunk update 1")
+
+say "Merging RIGHT to LEFT SUB-BRANCH"
+svn update
+cd branches/left-sub
+svn merge ../right --accept postpone
+git cat-file blob b51ad431:Makefile > Makefile
+svn resolved Makefile
+i=$(commit $i "Merge right to left sub-branch")
+cd ../..
+
+say "Making more commits on LEFT SUB-BRANCH and LEFT"
+echo "zowie" > branches/left-sub/wham_eth
+svn add branches/left-sub/wham_eth
+pre_sub_left_update_2=$i
+i=$(commit $i "left sub-branch update 2")
+sub_left_update_2=$i
+echo "eee_yow" > branches/left/glurpp
+svn add branches/left/glurpp
+i=$(commit $i "left update 5")
+
+say "Cherry pick LEFT SUB-BRANCH commit to LEFT"
+svn update
+cd branches/left
+svn merge -r$pre_sub_left_update_2:$sub_left_update_2 ../left-sub
+i=$(commit $i "Cherry-pick left sub-branch commit to left")
+cd ../..
+
+say "Merging LEFT SUB-BRANCH back to LEFT"
+svn update
+cd branches/left
+# it's only a merge because the previous merge cherry-picked the top commit
+svn merge -r$sub_left_make:$sub_left_update_2 ../left-sub --accept postpone
+i=$(commit $i "Merge left sub-branch to left")
+cd ../..
+
+say "Merging EVERYTHING to TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk
+svn merge ../branches/left --accept postpone
+svn resolved bang
+i=$(commit $i "Merge left to trunk 2")
+# this merge, svn happily updates the mergeinfo, but there is actually
+# nothing to merge.  git-svn will not make a meaningless merge commit.
+svn merge ../branches/right --accept postpone
+i=$(commit $i "non-merge right to trunk 2")
+cd ..
+
+say "Adding subdirectory to LEFT"
+svn update
+cd branches/left
+mkdir subdir
+echo "Yeehaw" > subdir/cowboy
+svn add subdir
+i=$(commit $i "add subdirectory to left branch")
+cd ../../
+
+say "Merging LEFT to TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk
+svn merge ../branches/left --accept postpone
+i=$(commit $i "merge left to trunk")
+cd ..
+
+say "Make PARTIAL branch"
+svn update
+i=$(commit $i "make partial branch")
+svn cp trunk/subdir branches/partial
+
+say "Make a commit to PARTIAL"
+svn update
+cd branches/partial
+echo "racecar" > palindromes
+svn add palindromes
+i=$(commit $i "partial update")
+cd ../../
+
+say "Merge PARTIAL to TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk/subdir
+svn merge ../../branches/partial --accept postpone
+i=$(commit $i "merge partial to trunk")
+cd ../../
+
+say "Tagging trunk"
+svn update
+i=$(commit $i "tagging v1.0")
+svn cp trunk tags/v1.0
+
+say "Branching BUGFIX from v1.0"
+svn update
+i=$(commit $i "make bugfix branch from tag")
+svn cp tags/v1.0 branches/bugfix
+
+say "Make a commit to BUGFIX"
+svn update
+cd branches/bugfix/
+echo "kayak" >> subdir/palindromes
+i=$(commit $i "commit to bugfix")
+cd ../../
+
+say "Merge BUGFIX to TRUNK"
+svn update
+cd trunk
+svn merge ../branches/bugfix/ --accept postpone
+i=$(commit $i "Merge BUGFIX to TRUNK")
+cd ..
+
+cd ..
+svnadmin dump foo.svn > svn-mergeinfo.dump
+
+rm -rf foo foo.svn
diff --git a/t/t9151/svn-mergeinfo.dump b/t/t9151/svn-mergeinfo.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf386e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9151/svn-mergeinfo.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,1922 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: d6191530-2693-4a8e-98e7-b194d4c3edd8
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:02.832406Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 134
+Content-length: 134
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 36
+(r1) Setup trunk, branches, and tags
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:03.055172Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: tags
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 111
+Content-length: 111
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 13
+(r2) ancestor
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:04.064506Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 2401
+Text-content-md5: bfd8ff778d1492dc6758567373176a89
+Text-content-sha1: 103205ce331f7d64086dba497574734f78439590
+Content-length: 2411
+
+PROPS-END
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 119
+Content-length: 119
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 21
+(r3) make left branch
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:06.040389Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Node-path: branches/left/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 2
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk/Makefile
+Text-copy-source-md5: bfd8ff778d1492dc6758567373176a89
+Text-copy-source-sha1: 103205ce331f7d64086dba497574734f78439590
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 120
+Content-length: 120
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 22
+(r4) make right branch
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:08.040905Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/right
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Node-path: branches/right/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 2
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk/Makefile
+Text-copy-source-md5: bfd8ff778d1492dc6758567373176a89
+Text-copy-source-sha1: 103205ce331f7d64086dba497574734f78439590
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+(r5) left update 1
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:09.049169Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2465
+Text-content-md5: 16e38d9753b061731650561ce01b1195
+Text-content-sha1: 36da4b84ea9b64218ab48171dfc5c48ae025f38b
+Content-length: 2465
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 117
+Content-length: 117
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 19
+(r6) right update 1
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:10.049350Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/right/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2521
+Text-content-md5: 0668418a621333f4aa8b6632cd63e2a0
+Text-content-sha1: 4f29afd038e52f45acb5ef8c41acfc70062a741a
+Content-length: 2521
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base merge-cache
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-cache: merge-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-cache merge-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 7
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+(r7) left update 2
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:11.049209Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 2529
+Text-content-md5: f6b197cc3f2e89a83e545d4bb003de73
+Text-content-sha1: 2f656677cfec0bceec85e53036ffb63e25126f8e
+Content-length: 2529
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 8
+Prop-content-length: 116
+Content-length: 116
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 18
+(r8) left update 3
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:12.049234Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
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+Content-length: 2593
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 9
+Prop-content-length: 123
+Content-length: 123
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 25
+(r9) make left sub-branch
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:14.040894Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left-sub
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 3
+Node-copyfrom-path: branches/left
+
+
+Node-path: branches/left-sub/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: delete
+
+Node-path: branches/left-sub/Makefile
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 8
+Node-copyfrom-path: branches/left/Makefile
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+
+
+
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+adm
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+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:15.049935Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/left-sub/README
+Node-kind: file
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+
+PROPS-END
+crunch
+
+
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+Prop-content-length: 125
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+
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+V 27
+(r11) Merge left to trunk 1
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:18.056594Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
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+
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+PROPS-END
+
+
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+Content-length: 2593
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Revision-number: 12
+Prop-content-length: 117
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+
+K 7
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+V 19
+(r12) left update 4
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+V 3
+adm
+K 8
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+2010-01-19T04:14:19.049620Z
+PROPS-END
+
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+Content-length: 17
+
+PROPS-END
+touche
+
+
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+
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+(r13) right update 2
+K 10
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+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:20.049659Z
+PROPS-END
+
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+(r14) Cherry-pick right 2 commits to trunk
+K 10
+svn:author
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+adm
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+PROPS-END
+
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+
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+Content-length: 2713
+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base merge-cache
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-cache: merge-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-cache merge-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/bang
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 13
+Node-copyfrom-path: branches/right/bang
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+
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+K 10
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+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:26.054456Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 75
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+
+K 13
+svn:mergeinfo
+V 40
+/branches/left:2-10
+/branches/right:2-14
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Revision-number: 16
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base merge-cache
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-cache: merge-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-cache merge-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
+Node-path: branches/left-sub/bang
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+
+
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+
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+
+# -DCOLLISION_CHECK if you believe that SHA1's
+# 1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976 hashes do not give you
+# enough guarantees about no collisions between objects ever hapenning.
+#
+# -DNSEC if you want git to care about sub-second file mtimes and ctimes.
+# Note that you need some new glibc (at least >2.2.4) for this, and it will
+# BREAK YOUR LOCAL DIFFS! show-diff and anything using it will likely randomly
+# break unless your underlying filesystem supports those sub-second times
+# (my ext3 doesn't).
+CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall
+
+CC=gcc
+
+
+PROG=   update-cache show-diff init-db write-tree read-tree commit-tree \
+	cat-file fsck-cache checkout-cache diff-tree rev-tree show-files \
+	check-files ls-tree merge-base merge-cache
+
+all: $(PROG)
+
+install: $(PROG)
+	install $(PROG) $(HOME)/bin/
+
+LIBS= -lssl -lz
+
+init-db: init-db.o
+
+update-cache: update-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o update-cache update-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-diff: show-diff.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-diff show-diff.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+write-tree: write-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o write-tree write-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-tree: read-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o read-tree read-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+commit-tree: commit-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o commit-tree commit-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+cat-file: cat-file.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o cat-file cat-file.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+fsck-cache: fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o fsck-cache fsck-cache.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+checkout-cache: checkout-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o checkout-cache checkout-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+diff-tree: diff-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o diff-tree diff-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+rev-tree: rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o rev-tree rev-tree.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+show-files: show-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o show-files show-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+check-files: check-files.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o check-files check-files.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+ls-tree: ls-tree.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o ls-tree ls-tree.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-base: merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-base merge-base.o read-cache.o object.o commit.o tree.o blob.o $(LIBS)
+
+merge-cache: merge-cache.o read-cache.o
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o merge-cache merge-cache.o read-cache.o $(LIBS)
+
+read-cache.o: cache.h
+show-diff.o: cache.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG)
+
+backup: clean
+	cd .. ; tar czvf dircache.tar.gz dir-cache
+
+
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+
+
+Revision-number: 27
+Prop-content-length: 118
+Content-length: 118
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 20
+(r28) partial update
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:53.049037Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/partial
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 26
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk/subdir
+
+
+Node-path: branches/partial/palindromes
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 8
+Text-content-md5: 5d1c2024fb5efc4eef812856df1b080c
+Text-content-sha1: 5f8509ddd14c91a52864dd1447344e706f9bbc69
+Content-length: 18
+
+PROPS-END
+racecar
+
+
+Revision-number: 28
+Prop-content-length: 126
+Content-length: 126
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 28
+(r29) merge partial to trunk
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:14:56.041526Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/subdir
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 142
+Content-length: 142
+
+K 13
+svn:mergeinfo
+V 106
+/branches/left/subdir:2-25
+/branches/left-sub/subdir:4-19
+/branches/partial:27
+/branches/right/subdir:2-22
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/subdir/palindromes
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 27
+Node-copyfrom-path: branches/partial/palindromes
+Text-copy-source-md5: 5d1c2024fb5efc4eef812856df1b080c
+Text-copy-source-sha1: 5f8509ddd14c91a52864dd1447344e706f9bbc69
+
+
+Revision-number: 29
+Prop-content-length: 131
+Content-length: 131
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 33
+(r31) make bugfix branch from tag
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:15:00.039761Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: tags/v1.0
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 28
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Revision-number: 30
+Prop-content-length: 120
+Content-length: 120
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 22
+(r32) commit to bugfix
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:15:03.043218Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/bugfix
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 29
+Node-copyfrom-path: tags/v1.0
+
+
+Node-path: branches/bugfix/subdir/palindromes
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 14
+Text-content-md5: 3b12d98578a3f4320ba97e66da54fe5f
+Text-content-sha1: 672931c9e8ac2c408209efab2f015638b6d64042
+Content-length: 14
+
+racecar
+kayak
+
+
+Revision-number: 31
+Prop-content-length: 125
+Content-length: 125
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 27
+(r33) Merge BUGFIX to TRUNK
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+adm
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-19T04:15:06.043723Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 133
+Content-length: 133
+
+K 13
+svn:mergeinfo
+V 98
+/branches/bugfix:30
+/branches/left:2-25
+/branches/left-sub:4-19
+/branches/right:2-22
+/tags/v1.0:29
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/subdir
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: change
+Prop-content-length: 190
+Content-length: 190
+
+K 13
+svn:mergeinfo
+V 154
+/branches/bugfix/subdir:30
+/branches/left/subdir:2-25
+/branches/left-sub/subdir:4-19
+/branches/partial:27
+/branches/right/subdir:2-22
+/tags/v1.0/subdir:29
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/subdir/palindromes
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 14
+Text-content-md5: 3b12d98578a3f4320ba97e66da54fe5f
+Text-content-sha1: 672931c9e8ac2c408209efab2f015638b6d64042
+Content-length: 14
+
+racecar
+kayak
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9152-svn-empty-dirs-after-gc.sh b/t/t9152-svn-empty-dirs-after-gc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..301e779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9152-svn-empty-dirs-after-gc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Robert Zeh
+
+test_description='git svn creates empty directories, calls git gc, makes sure they are still empty'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize repo' '
+	for i in a b c d d/e d/e/f "weird file name"
+	do
+		svn_cmd mkdir -m "mkdir $i" "$svnrepo"/"$i"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone' 'git svn clone "$svnrepo" cloned'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn gc runs' '
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		git svn gc
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn mkdirs recreates empty directories after git svn gc' '
+	(
+		cd cloned &&
+		rm -r * &&
+		git svn mkdirs &&
+		for i in a b c d d/e d/e/f "weird file name"
+		do
+			if ! test -d "$i"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$i does not exist"
+				exit 1
+			fi
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh b/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..88a2cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9153-git-svn-rewrite-uuid.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Jay Soffian
+#
+
+test_description='git svn --rewrite-uuid test'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+uuid=6cc8ada4-5932-4b4a-8242-3534ed8a3232
+
+test_expect_success 'load svn repo' "
+	svnadmin load -q '$rawsvnrepo' < '$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9153/svn.dump' &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url --rewrite-uuid='$uuid' '$svnrepo' &&
+	git svn fetch
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'verify uuid' "
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/git-svn~0 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: .*@2 $uuid$' &&
+	git cat-file commit refs/remotes/git-svn~1 | \
+	   grep '^${git_svn_id}: .*@1 $uuid$'
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9153/svn.dump b/t/t9153/svn.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ddfe70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9153/svn.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: b4885626-c94f-4a6c-b179-00c030fc68e8
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T06:41:03.908576Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 109
+Content-length: 109
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 11
+initial foo
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T06:41:48.353776Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00
+Text-content-sha1: f1d2d2f924e986ac86fdf7b36c94bcdf32beec15
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+foo
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 110
+Content-length: 110
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+now with bar
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T06:42:14.214640Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 8
+Text-content-md5: f47c75614087a8dd938ba4acff252494
+Text-content-sha1: 4e48e2c9a3d2ca8a708cb0cc545700544efb5021
+Content-length: 8
+
+foo
+bar
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a6a56a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Jay Soffian
+#
+
+test_description='git svn fancy glob test'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'load svn repo' "
+	svnadmin load -q '$rawsvnrepo' < '$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump' &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -T trunk '$svnrepo' &&
+	git svn fetch
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'add red branch' "
+	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red}:refs/remotes/*' &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/green &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'add green branch' "
+	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,green}:refs/remotes/*' &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/green &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
+	"
+
+test_expect_success 'add all branches' "
+	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/*:refs/remotes/*' &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/green &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
+	"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9154/svn.dump b/t/t9154/svn.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dfabb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9154/svn.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2
+
+UUID: a18093a0-5f0b-44e0-8d88-8911ac7078db
+
+Revision-number: 0
+Prop-content-length: 56
+Content-length: 56
+
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:40:25.660053Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Revision-number: 1
+Prop-content-length: 104
+Content-length: 104
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 7
+initial
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:41:33.636365Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: trunk/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Text-content-length: 4
+Text-content-md5: d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00
+Text-content-sha1: f1d2d2f924e986ac86fdf7b36c94bcdf32beec15
+Content-length: 14
+
+PROPS-END
+foo
+
+
+Revision-number: 2
+Prop-content-length: 110
+Content-length: 110
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+add branches
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:42:37.290694Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Prop-content-length: 10
+Content-length: 10
+
+PROPS-END
+
+
+Node-path: branches/blue
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Node-path: branches/green
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Node-path: branches/red
+Node-kind: dir
+Node-action: add
+Node-copyfrom-rev: 1
+Node-copyfrom-path: trunk
+
+
+Revision-number: 3
+Prop-content-length: 108
+Content-length: 108
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 10
+red change
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:43:02.208918Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/red/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 8
+Text-content-md5: 64c3c8cf7d0233ab7627623a68888bd1
+Text-content-sha1: 95a0492027876adfd3891ec71ee37b79ee44d640
+Content-length: 8
+
+foo
+red
+
+
+Revision-number: 4
+Prop-content-length: 110
+Content-length: 110
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+green change
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:43:15.746586Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/green/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 0209b6450891abc033d5eaaa9d3a8023
+Text-content-sha1: 87fc3bef9faeec48c0cd61dfc9851db377fdccf7
+Content-length: 10
+
+foo
+green
+
+
+Revision-number: 5
+Prop-content-length: 109
+Content-length: 109
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 11
+blue change
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:43:29.364811Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: branches/blue/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 9
+Text-content-md5: 9fbe4c13d0bae86386ae5209b2e6b275
+Text-content-sha1: cc4575083459a16f9aaef796c4a2456d64691ba0
+Content-length: 9
+
+foo
+blue
+
+
+Revision-number: 6
+Prop-content-length: 110
+Content-length: 110
+
+K 7
+svn:log
+V 12
+trunk change
+K 10
+svn:author
+V 3
+jay
+K 8
+svn:date
+V 27
+2010-01-23T07:44:01.313130Z
+PROPS-END
+
+Node-path: trunk/foo
+Node-kind: file
+Node-action: change
+Text-content-length: 10
+Text-content-md5: 1c4db977d7a57c3bae582aab87948516
+Text-content-sha1: 469c08df449e702cf2a1fe746244a9ef3f837fad
+Content-length: 10
+
+foo
+trunk
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fc3795d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) Robin Rosenberg
+#
+test_description='Test export of commits to CVS'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping git cvsexportcommit tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+    say 'skipping git cvsexportcommit tests, cvs not found'
+    test_done
+fi
+
+CVSROOT=$(pwd)/cvsroot
+CVSWORK=$(pwd)/cvswork
+GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/.git
+export CVSROOT CVSWORK GIT_DIR
+
+rm -rf "$CVSROOT" "$CVSWORK"
+mkdir "$CVSROOT" &&
+cvs init &&
+cvs -Q co -d "$CVSWORK" . &&
+echo >empty &&
+git add empty &&
+git commit -q -a -m "Initial" 2>/dev/null ||
+exit 1
+
+check_entries () {
+	# $1 == directory, $2 == expected
+	grep '^/' "$1/CVS/Entries" | sort | cut -d/ -f2,3,5 >actual
+	if test -z "$2"
+	then
+		>expected
+	else
+		printf '%s\n' "$2" | tr '|' '\012' >expected
+	fi
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'New file' \
+    'mkdir A B C D E F &&
+     echo hello1 >A/newfile1.txt &&
+     echo hello2 >B/newfile2.txt &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200a.png C/newfile3.png &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200a.png D/newfile4.png &&
+     git add A/newfile1.txt &&
+     git add B/newfile2.txt &&
+     git add C/newfile3.png &&
+     git add D/newfile4.png &&
+     git commit -a -m "Test: New file" &&
+     id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+     (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+     git cvsexportcommit -c $id &&
+     check_entries A "newfile1.txt/1.1/" &&
+     check_entries B "newfile2.txt/1.1/" &&
+     check_entries C "newfile3.png/1.1/-kb" &&
+     check_entries D "newfile4.png/1.1/-kb" &&
+     diff A/newfile1.txt ../A/newfile1.txt &&
+     diff B/newfile2.txt ../B/newfile2.txt &&
+     diff C/newfile3.png ../C/newfile3.png &&
+     diff D/newfile4.png ../D/newfile4.png
+     )'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Remove two files, add two and update two' \
+    'echo Hello1 >>A/newfile1.txt &&
+     rm -f B/newfile2.txt &&
+     rm -f C/newfile3.png &&
+     echo Hello5  >E/newfile5.txt &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200b.png D/newfile4.png &&
+     cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200a.png F/newfile6.png &&
+     git add E/newfile5.txt &&
+     git add F/newfile6.png &&
+     git commit -a -m "Test: Remove, add and update" &&
+     id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+     (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+     git cvsexportcommit -c $id &&
+     check_entries A "newfile1.txt/1.2/" &&
+     check_entries B "" &&
+     check_entries C "" &&
+     check_entries D "newfile4.png/1.2/-kb" &&
+     check_entries E "newfile5.txt/1.1/" &&
+     check_entries F "newfile6.png/1.1/-kb" &&
+     diff A/newfile1.txt ../A/newfile1.txt &&
+     diff D/newfile4.png ../D/newfile4.png &&
+     diff E/newfile5.txt ../E/newfile5.txt &&
+     diff F/newfile6.png ../F/newfile6.png
+     )'
+
+# Should fail (but only on the git cvsexportcommit stage)
+test_expect_success \
+    'Fail to change binary more than one generation old' \
+    'cat F/newfile6.png >>D/newfile4.png &&
+     git commit -a -m "generatiion 1" &&
+     cat F/newfile6.png >>D/newfile4.png &&
+     git commit -a -m "generation 2" &&
+     id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+     (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+     test_must_fail git cvsexportcommit -c $id
+     )'
+
+#test_expect_success \
+#    'Fail to remove binary file more than one generation old' \
+#    'git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+#     cat F/newfile6.png >>D/newfile4.png &&
+#     git commit -a -m "generation 2 (again)" &&
+#     rm -f D/newfile4.png &&
+#     git commit -a -m "generation 3" &&
+#     id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+#     (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+#     test_must_fail git cvsexportcommit -c $id
+#     )'
+
+# We reuse the state from two tests back here
+
+# This test is here because a patch for only binary files will
+# fail with gnu patch, so cvsexportcommit must handle that.
+test_expect_success \
+    'Remove only binary files' \
+    'git reset --hard HEAD^^ &&
+     rm -f D/newfile4.png &&
+     git commit -a -m "test: remove only a binary file" &&
+     id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+     (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+     git cvsexportcommit -c $id &&
+     check_entries A "newfile1.txt/1.2/" &&
+     check_entries B "" &&
+     check_entries C "" &&
+     check_entries D "" &&
+     check_entries E "newfile5.txt/1.1/" &&
+     check_entries F "newfile6.png/1.1/-kb" &&
+     diff A/newfile1.txt ../A/newfile1.txt &&
+     diff E/newfile5.txt ../E/newfile5.txt &&
+     diff F/newfile6.png ../F/newfile6.png
+     )'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'Remove only a text file' \
+    'rm -f A/newfile1.txt &&
+     git commit -a -m "test: remove only a binary file" &&
+     id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+     (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+     git cvsexportcommit -c $id &&
+     check_entries A "" &&
+     check_entries B "" &&
+     check_entries C "" &&
+     check_entries D "" &&
+     check_entries E "newfile5.txt/1.1/" &&
+     check_entries F "newfile6.png/1.1/-kb" &&
+     diff E/newfile5.txt ../E/newfile5.txt &&
+     diff F/newfile6.png ../F/newfile6.png
+     )'
+
+test_expect_success \
+     'New file with spaces in file name' \
+     'mkdir "G g" &&
+      echo ok then >"G g/with spaces.txt" &&
+      git add "G g/with spaces.txt" && \
+      cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200a.png "G g/with spaces.png" && \
+      git add "G g/with spaces.png" &&
+      git commit -a -m "With spaces" &&
+      id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+      (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+      git cvsexportcommit -c $id &&
+      check_entries "G g" "with spaces.png/1.1/-kb|with spaces.txt/1.1/"
+      )'
+
+test_expect_success \
+     'Update file with spaces in file name' \
+     'echo Ok then >>"G g/with spaces.txt" &&
+      cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200a.png >>"G g/with spaces.png" && \
+      git add "G g/with spaces.png" &&
+      git commit -a -m "Update with spaces" &&
+      id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+      (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+      git cvsexportcommit -c $id
+      check_entries "G g" "with spaces.png/1.2/-kb|with spaces.txt/1.2/"
+      )'
+
+# Some filesystems mangle pathnames with UTF-8 characters --
+# check and skip
+if p="Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö" &&
+	mkdir -p "tst/$p" &&
+	date >"tst/$p/day" &&
+	found=$(find tst -type f -print) &&
+	test "z$found" = "ztst/$p/day" &&
+	rm -fr tst
+then
+
+# This test contains UTF-8 characters
+test_expect_success \
+     'File with non-ascii file name' \
+     'mkdir -p Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö &&
+      echo Foo >Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö/gårdetsågårdet.txt &&
+      git add Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö/gårdetsågårdet.txt &&
+      cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test9200a.png Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö/gårdetsågårdet.png &&
+      git add Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö/gårdetsågårdet.png &&
+      git commit -a -m "Går det så går det" && \
+      id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+      (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+      git cvsexportcommit -v -c $id &&
+      check_entries \
+      "Å/goo/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/å/ä/ö" \
+      "gårdetsågårdet.png/1.1/-kb|gårdetsågårdet.txt/1.1/"
+      )'
+
+fi
+
+rm -fr tst
+
+test_expect_success \
+     'Mismatching patch should fail' \
+     'date >>"E/newfile5.txt" &&
+      git add "E/newfile5.txt" &&
+      git commit -a -m "Update one" &&
+      date >>"E/newfile5.txt" &&
+      git add "E/newfile5.txt" &&
+      git commit -a -m "Update two" &&
+      id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+      (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+      test_must_fail git cvsexportcommit -c $id
+      )'
+
+if ! test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
+then
+	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FILEMODE \
+     'Retain execute bit' \
+     'mkdir G &&
+      echo executeon >G/on &&
+      chmod +x G/on &&
+      echo executeoff >G/off &&
+      git add G/on &&
+      git add G/off &&
+      git commit -a -m "Execute test" &&
+      (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+      git cvsexportcommit -c HEAD
+      test -x G/on &&
+      ! test -x G/off
+      )'
+
+test_expect_success '-w option should work with relative GIT_DIR' '
+      mkdir W &&
+      echo foobar >W/file1.txt &&
+      echo bazzle >W/file2.txt &&
+      git add W/file1.txt &&
+      git add W/file2.txt &&
+      git commit -m "More updates" &&
+      id=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD) &&
+      (cd "$GIT_DIR" &&
+      GIT_DIR=. git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
+      check_entries "$CVSWORK/W" "file1.txt/1.1/|file2.txt/1.1/" &&
+      test_cmp "$CVSWORK/W/file1.txt" ../W/file1.txt &&
+      test_cmp "$CVSWORK/W/file2.txt" ../W/file2.txt
+      )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check files before directories' '
+
+	echo Notes > release-notes &&
+	git add release-notes &&
+	git commit -m "Add release notes" release-notes &&
+	id=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
+
+	echo new > DS &&
+	echo new > E/DS &&
+	echo modified > release-notes &&
+	git add DS E/DS release-notes &&
+	git commit -m "Add two files with the same basename" &&
+	id=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
+	check_entries "$CVSWORK/E" "DS/1.1/|newfile5.txt/1.1/" &&
+	check_entries "$CVSWORK" "DS/1.1/|release-notes/1.2/" &&
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/DS" DS &&
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/E/DS" E/DS &&
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/release-notes" release-notes
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 're-commit a removed filename which remains in CVS attic' '
+
+    (cd "$CVSWORK" &&
+     echo >attic_gremlin &&
+     cvs -Q add attic_gremlin &&
+     cvs -Q ci -m "added attic_gremlin" &&
+     rm attic_gremlin &&
+     cvs -Q rm attic_gremlin &&
+     cvs -Q ci -m "removed attic_gremlin") &&
+
+    echo > attic_gremlin &&
+    git add attic_gremlin &&
+    git commit -m "Added attic_gremlin" &&
+	git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c HEAD &&
+    (cd "$CVSWORK"; cvs -Q update -d) &&
+    test -f "$CVSWORK/attic_gremlin"
+'
+
+# the state of the CVS sandbox may be indeterminate for ' space'
+# after this test on some platforms / with some versions of CVS
+# consider adding new tests above this point
+test_expect_success 'commit a file with leading spaces in the name' '
+
+	echo space > " space" &&
+	git add " space" &&
+	git commit -m "Add a file with a leading space" &&
+	id=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
+	check_entries "$CVSWORK" " space/1.1/|DS/1.1/|attic_gremlin/1.3/|release-notes/1.2/" &&
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/ space" " space"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use the same checkout for Git and CVS' '
+
+	(mkdir shared &&
+	 cd shared &&
+	 unset GIT_DIR &&
+	 cvs co . &&
+	 git init &&
+	 git add " space" &&
+	 git commit -m "fake initial commit" &&
+	 echo Hello >> " space" &&
+	 git commit -m "Another change" " space" &&
+	 git cvsexportcommit -W -p -u -c HEAD &&
+	 grep Hello " space" &&
+	 git diff-files)
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..131f032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1585 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Shawn Pearce
+#
+
+test_description='test git fast-import utility'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
+
+file2_data='file2
+second line of EOF'
+
+file3_data='EOF
+in 3rd file
+ END'
+
+file4_data=abcd
+file4_len=4
+
+file5_data='an inline file.
+  we should see it later.'
+
+file6_data='#!/bin/sh
+echo "$@"'
+
+###
+### series A
+###
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+blob
+mark :2
+data <<EOF
+$file2_data
+EOF
+
+blob
+mark :3
+data <<END
+$file3_data
+END
+
+blob
+mark :4
+data $file4_len
+$file4_data
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :5
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+initial
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 :2 file2
+M 644 :3 file3
+M 755 :4 file4
+
+tag series-A
+from :5
+data <<EOF
+An annotated tag without a tagger
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'A: create pack from stdin' \
+    'git fast-import --export-marks=marks.out <input &&
+	 git whatchanged master'
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+initial
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit master | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+100644 blob file2
+100644 blob file3
+100755 blob file4
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify tree' \
+	'git cat-file -p master^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$file2_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify file2' \
+	'git cat-file blob master:file2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$file3_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify file3' \
+	'git cat-file blob master:file3 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+printf "$file4_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify file4' \
+	'git cat-file blob master:file4 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+object $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
+type commit
+tag series-A
+
+An annotated tag without a tagger
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'A: verify tag/series-A' '
+	git cat-file tag tags/series-A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:2 `git rev-parse --verify master:file2`
+:3 `git rev-parse --verify master:file3`
+:4 `git rev-parse --verify master:file4`
+:5 `git rev-parse --verify master^0`
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify marks output' \
+	'test_cmp expect marks.out'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify marks import' \
+	'git fast-import \
+		--import-marks=marks.out \
+		--export-marks=marks.new \
+		</dev/null &&
+	test_cmp expect marks.new'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/verify--import-marks
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+recreate from :5
+COMMIT
+
+from :5
+M 755 :2 copy-of-file2
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify marks import does not crash' \
+	'git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out <input &&
+	 git whatchanged verify--import-marks'
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 A	copy-of-file2
+EOF
+git diff-tree -M -r master verify--import-marks >actual
+test_expect_success \
+	'A: verify diff' \
+	'compare_diff_raw expect actual &&
+	 test `git rev-parse --verify master:file2` \
+	    = `git rev-parse --verify verify--import-marks:copy-of-file2`'
+
+###
+### series B
+###
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/branch
+mark :1
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+corrupt
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/master
+M 755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001 zero1
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid blob sha1' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit .badbranchname
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+corrupt
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/master
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid branch name ".badbranchname"' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit bad[branch]name
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+corrupt
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/master
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid branch name "bad[branch]name"' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit TEMP_TAG
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+tag base
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/master
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'B: accept branch name "TEMP_TAG"' \
+    'git fast-import <input &&
+	 test -f .git/TEMP_TAG &&
+	 test `git rev-parse master` = `git rev-parse TEMP_TAG^`'
+rm -f .git/TEMP_TAG
+
+###
+### series C
+###
+
+newf=`echo hi newf | git hash-object -w --stdin`
+oldf=`git rev-parse --verify master:file2`
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/branch
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+second
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/master
+M 644 $oldf file2/oldf
+M 755 $newf file2/newf
+D file3
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'C: incremental import create pack from stdin' \
+    'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git whatchanged branch'
+test_expect_success \
+	'C: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+test_expect_success \
+	'C: validate reuse existing blob' \
+	'test $newf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/newf`
+	 test $oldf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/oldf`'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+parent `git rev-parse --verify master^0`
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+second
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'C: verify commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit branch | sed 1d >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc A	file2/newf
+:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2	file2/oldf
+:100644 000000 0d92e9f3374ae2947c23aa477cbc68ce598135f1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3
+EOF
+git diff-tree -M -r master branch >actual
+test_expect_success \
+	'C: validate rename result' \
+	'compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+###
+### series D
+###
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/branch
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+third
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+M 644 inline newdir/interesting
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+
+M 755 inline newdir/exec.sh
+data <<EOF
+$file6_data
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'D: inline data in commit' \
+    'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git whatchanged branch'
+test_expect_success \
+	'D: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35a59026a33beac1569b1c7f66f3090ce9c09afc A	newdir/exec.sh
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 046d0371e9220107917db0d0e030628de8a1de9b A	newdir/interesting
+EOF
+git diff-tree -M -r branch^ branch >actual
+test_expect_success \
+	'D: validate new files added' \
+	'compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+echo "$file5_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'D: verify file5' \
+	'git cat-file blob branch:newdir/interesting >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$file6_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'D: verify file6' \
+	'git cat-file blob branch:newdir/exec.sh >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series E
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/branch
+author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> Tue Feb 6 11:22:18 2007 -0500
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> Tue Feb 6 12:35:02 2007 -0500
+data <<COMMIT
+RFC 2822 type date
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success 'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=raw' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import --date-format=raw <input
+'
+test_expect_success \
+    'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=rfc2822' \
+    'git fast-import --date-format=rfc2822 <input'
+test_expect_success \
+	'E: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 1170778938 -0500
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1170783302 -0500
+
+RFC 2822 type date
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'E: verify commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit branch | sed 1,2d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series F
+###
+
+old_branch=`git rev-parse --verify branch^0`
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/branch
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+losing things already?
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch~1
+
+reset refs/heads/other
+from refs/heads/branch
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'F: non-fast-forward update skips' \
+    'if git fast-import <input
+	 then
+		echo BAD gfi did not fail
+		return 1
+	 else
+		if test $old_branch = `git rev-parse --verify branch^0`
+		then
+			: branch unaffected and failure returned
+			return 0
+		else
+			echo BAD gfi changed branch $old_branch
+			return 1
+		fi
+	 fi
+	'
+test_expect_success \
+	'F: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+tree `git rev-parse branch~1^{tree}`
+parent `git rev-parse branch~1`
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+losing things already?
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'F: verify other commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit other >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series G
+###
+
+old_branch=`git rev-parse --verify branch^0`
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/branch
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+losing things already?
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch~1
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'G: non-fast-forward update forced' \
+    'git fast-import --force <input'
+test_expect_success \
+	'G: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+test_expect_success \
+	'G: branch changed, but logged' \
+	'test $old_branch != `git rev-parse --verify branch^0` &&
+	 test $old_branch = `git rev-parse --verify branch@{1}`'
+
+###
+### series H
+###
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/H
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+third
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+M 644 inline i-will-die
+data <<EOF
+this file will never exist.
+EOF
+
+deleteall
+M 644 inline h/e/l/lo
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'H: deletall, add 1' \
+    'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git whatchanged H'
+test_expect_success \
+	'H: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/newf
+:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/oldf
+:100755 000000 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file4
+:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	h/e/l/lo
+:100755 000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	newdir/exec.sh
+EOF
+git diff-tree -M -r H^ H >actual
+test_expect_success \
+	'H: validate old files removed, new files added' \
+	'compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+echo "$file5_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'H: verify file' \
+	'git cat-file blob H:h/e/l/lo >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series I
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/export-boundary
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+we have a border.  its only 40 characters wide.
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'I: export-pack-edges' \
+    'git fast-import --export-pack-edges=edges.list <input'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+.git/objects/pack/pack-.pack: `git rev-parse --verify export-boundary`
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'I: verify edge list' \
+	'sed -e s/pack-.*pack/pack-.pack/ edges.list >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series J
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/J
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+create J
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch
+
+reset refs/heads/J
+
+commit refs/heads/J
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+initialize J
+COMMIT
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'J: reset existing branch creates empty commit' \
+    'git fast-import <input'
+test_expect_success \
+	'J: branch has 1 commit, empty tree' \
+	'test 1 = `git rev-list J | wc -l` &&
+	 test 0 = `git ls-tree J | wc -l`'
+
+###
+### series K
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/K
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+create K
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch
+
+commit refs/heads/K
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+redo K
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^1
+
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+    'K: reinit branch with from' \
+    'git fast-import <input'
+test_expect_success \
+    'K: verify K^1 = branch^1' \
+    'test `git rev-parse --verify branch^1` \
+		= `git rev-parse --verify K^1`'
+
+###
+### series L
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+blob
+mark :1
+data <<EOF
+some data
+EOF
+
+blob
+mark :2
+data <<EOF
+other data
+EOF
+
+commit refs/heads/L
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+create L
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 :1 b.
+M 644 :1 b/other
+M 644 :1 ba
+
+commit refs/heads/L
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+update L
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 :2 b.
+M 644 :2 b/other
+M 644 :2 ba
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	b.
+:040000 040000 0ae5cac... 443c768... M	b
+:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	ba
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'L: verify internal tree sorting' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree --abbrev --raw L^ L >output &&
+	 test_cmp expect output'
+
+###
+### series M
+###
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/M1
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+file rename
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+R file2/newf file2/n.e.w.f
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'M: rename file in same subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -M -r M1^ M1 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/M2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+file rename
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+R file2/newf i/am/new/to/you
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	i/am/new/to/you
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'M: rename file to new subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -M -r M2^ M2 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/M3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+file rename
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/M2^0
+R i other/sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	other/sub/am/new/to/you
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'M: rename subdirectory to new subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+###
+### series N
+###
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/N1
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+file copy
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+C file2/newf file2/n.e.w.f
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy file in same subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N1^ N1 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/N2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+clean directory copy
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+C file2 file3
+
+commit refs/heads/N2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+modify directory copy
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file3/file5
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy then modify subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N2^^ N2 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/N3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+dirty directory copy
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+M 644 inline file2/file5
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+
+C file2 file3
+D file2/file5
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy dirty subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 test `git rev-parse N2^{tree}` = `git rev-parse N3^{tree}`'
+
+###
+### series O
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+#we will
+commit refs/heads/O1
+# -- ignore all of this text
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+# $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME has inserted here for his benefit.
+data <<COMMIT
+dirty directory copy
+COMMIT
+
+# don't forget the import blank line!
+#
+# yes, we started from our usual base of branch^0.
+# i like branch^0.
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+# and we need to reuse file2/file5 from N3 above.
+M 644 inline file2/file5
+# otherwise the tree will be different
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+
+# don't forget to copy file2 to file3
+C file2 file3
+#
+# or to delete file5 from file2.
+D file2/file5
+# are we done yet?
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'O: comments are all skipped' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 test `git rev-parse N3` = `git rev-parse O1`'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/O2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+dirty directory copy
+COMMIT
+from refs/heads/branch^0
+M 644 inline file2/file5
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+C file2 file3
+D file2/file5
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'O: blank lines not necessary after data commands' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 test `git rev-parse N3` = `git rev-parse O2`'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'O: repack before next test' \
+	'git repack -a -d'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/O3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zstring
+COMMIT
+commit refs/heads/O3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zof
+COMMIT
+checkpoint
+commit refs/heads/O3
+mark :5
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zempty
+COMMIT
+checkpoint
+commit refs/heads/O3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zcommits
+COMMIT
+reset refs/tags/O3-2nd
+from :5
+reset refs/tags/O3-3rd
+from :5
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<INPUT_END
+string
+of
+empty
+commits
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+	'O: blank lines not necessary after other commands' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 test 8 = `find .git/objects/pack -type f | wc -l` &&
+	 test `git rev-parse refs/tags/O3-2nd` = `git rev-parse O3^` &&
+	 git log --reverse --pretty=oneline O3 | sed s/^.*z// >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/O4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zstring
+COMMIT
+commit refs/heads/O4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zof
+COMMIT
+progress Two commits down, 2 to go!
+commit refs/heads/O4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zempty
+COMMIT
+progress Three commits down, 1 to go!
+commit refs/heads/O4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+zcommits
+COMMIT
+progress I'm done!
+INPUT_END
+test_expect_success \
+	'O: progress outputs as requested by input' \
+	'git fast-import <input >actual &&
+	 grep "progress " <input >expect &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series P (gitlinks)
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+blob
+mark :1
+data 10
+test file
+
+reset refs/heads/sub
+commit refs/heads/sub
+mark :2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data 12
+sub_initial
+M 100644 :1 file
+
+blob
+mark :3
+data <<DATAEND
+[submodule "sub"]
+	path = sub
+	url = "`pwd`/sub"
+DATAEND
+
+commit refs/heads/subuse1
+mark :4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data 8
+initial
+from refs/heads/master
+M 100644 :3 .gitmodules
+M 160000 :2 sub
+
+blob
+mark :5
+data 20
+test file
+more data
+
+commit refs/heads/sub
+mark :6
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data 11
+sub_second
+from :2
+M 100644 :5 file
+
+commit refs/heads/subuse1
+mark :7
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data 7
+second
+from :4
+M 160000 :6 sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'P: supermodule & submodule mix' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git checkout subuse1 &&
+	 rm -rf sub && mkdir sub && cd sub &&
+	 git init &&
+	 git fetch --update-head-ok .. refs/heads/sub:refs/heads/master &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 cd .. &&
+	 git submodule init &&
+	 git submodule update'
+
+SUBLAST=$(git rev-parse --verify sub)
+SUBPREV=$(git rev-parse --verify sub^)
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+blob
+mark :1
+data <<DATAEND
+[submodule "sub"]
+	path = sub
+	url = "`pwd`/sub"
+DATAEND
+
+commit refs/heads/subuse2
+mark :2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data 8
+initial
+from refs/heads/master
+M 100644 :1 .gitmodules
+M 160000 $SUBPREV sub
+
+commit refs/heads/subuse2
+mark :3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data 7
+second
+from :2
+M 160000 $SUBLAST sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'P: verbatim SHA gitlinks' \
+	'git branch -D sub &&
+	 git gc && git prune &&
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 test $(git rev-parse --verify subuse2) = $(git rev-parse --verify subuse1)'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/subuse3
+mark :1
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+corrupt
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/subuse2
+M 160000 inline sub
+data <<DATA
+$SUBPREV
+DATA
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'P: fail on inline gitlink' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import <input'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+blob
+mark :1
+data <<DATA
+$SUBPREV
+DATA
+
+commit refs/heads/subuse3
+mark :2
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+corrupt
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/subuse2
+M 160000 :1 sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'P: fail on blob mark in gitlink' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import <input'
+
+###
+### series Q (notes)
+###
+
+note1_data="The first note for the first commit"
+note2_data="The first note for the second commit"
+note3_data="The first note for the third commit"
+note1b_data="The second note for the first commit"
+note1c_data="The third note for the first commit"
+note2b_data="The second note for the second commit"
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+blob
+mark :2
+data <<EOF
+$file2_data
+EOF
+
+commit refs/heads/notes-test
+mark :3
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+first (:3)
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 :2 file2
+
+blob
+mark :4
+data $file4_len
+$file4_data
+commit refs/heads/notes-test
+mark :5
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+second (:5)
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 :4 file4
+
+commit refs/heads/notes-test
+mark :6
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+third (:6)
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file5
+data <<EOF
+$file5_data
+EOF
+
+M 755 inline file6
+data <<EOF
+$file6_data
+EOF
+
+blob
+mark :7
+data <<EOF
+$note1_data
+EOF
+
+blob
+mark :8
+data <<EOF
+$note2_data
+EOF
+
+commit refs/notes/foobar
+mark :9
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes (:9)
+COMMIT
+
+N :7 :3
+N :8 :5
+N inline :6
+data <<EOF
+$note3_data
+EOF
+
+commit refs/notes/foobar
+mark :10
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes (:10)
+COMMIT
+
+N inline :3
+data <<EOF
+$note1b_data
+EOF
+
+commit refs/notes/foobar2
+mark :11
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes (:11)
+COMMIT
+
+N inline :3
+data <<EOF
+$note1c_data
+EOF
+
+commit refs/notes/foobar
+mark :12
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+notes (:12)
+COMMIT
+
+deleteall
+N inline :5
+data <<EOF
+$note2b_data
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: commit notes' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git whatchanged notes-test'
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify pack' \
+	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+commit1=$(git rev-parse notes-test~2)
+commit2=$(git rev-parse notes-test^)
+commit3=$(git rev-parse notes-test)
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+first (:3)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit notes-test~2 | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+parent $commit1
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+second (:5)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify second commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit notes-test^ | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+parent $commit2
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+third (:6)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify third commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit notes-test | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+notes (:9)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first notes commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar~2 | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
+100644 blob $commit1
+100644 blob $commit2
+100644 blob $commit3
+EOF
+cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first notes tree' \
+	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar~2^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note1_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first note for first commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit1 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note2_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first note for second commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note3_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first note for third commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar~2:$commit3 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+parent `git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/foobar~2`
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+notes (:10)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify second notes commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar^ | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
+100644 blob $commit1
+100644 blob $commit2
+100644 blob $commit3
+EOF
+cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify second notes tree' \
+	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar^^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note1b_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify second note for first commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit1 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note2_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first note for second commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note3_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify first note for third commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar^:$commit3 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+notes (:11)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify third notes commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar2 | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
+100644 blob $commit1
+EOF
+cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify third notes tree' \
+	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar2^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note1c_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify third note for first commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar2:$commit1 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+parent `git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/foobar^`
+author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+
+notes (:12)
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify fourth notes commit' \
+	'git cat-file commit refs/notes/foobar | sed 1d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual'
+
+cat >expect.unsorted <<EOF
+100644 blob $commit2
+EOF
+cat expect.unsorted | sort >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify fourth notes tree' \
+	'git cat-file -p refs/notes/foobar^{tree} | sed "s/ [0-9a-f]*	/ /" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual'
+
+echo "$note2b_data" >expect
+test_expect_success \
+	'Q: verify second note for second commit' \
+	'git cat-file blob refs/notes/foobar:$commit2 >actual && test_cmp expect actual'
+
+###
+### series R (feature and option)
+###
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+feature no-such-feature-exists
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: abort on unsupported feature' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+feature date-format=now
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: supported feature is accepted' '
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >input << EOF
+blob
+data 3
+hi
+feature date-format=now
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: abort on receiving feature after data command' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >input << EOF
+feature import-marks=git.marks
+feature import-marks=git2.marks
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: only one import-marks feature allowed per stream' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >input << EOF
+feature export-marks=git.marks
+blob
+mark :1
+data 3
+hi
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'R: export-marks feature results in a marks file being created' \
+    'cat input | git fast-import &&
+    grep :1 git.marks'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'R: export-marks options can be overriden by commandline options' \
+    'cat input | git fast-import --export-marks=other.marks &&
+    grep :1 other.marks'
+
+cat >input << EOF
+feature import-marks=marks.out
+feature export-marks=marks.new
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'R: import to output marks works without any content' \
+    'cat input | git fast-import &&
+    test_cmp marks.out marks.new'
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+feature import-marks=nonexistant.marks
+feature export-marks=marks.new
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'R: import marks prefers commandline marks file over the stream' \
+    'cat input | git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out &&
+    test_cmp marks.out marks.new'
+
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+feature import-marks=nonexistant.marks
+feature export-marks=combined.marks
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: multiple --import-marks= should be honoured' '
+    head -n2 marks.out > one.marks &&
+    tail -n +3 marks.out > two.marks &&
+    git fast-import --import-marks=one.marks --import-marks=two.marks <input &&
+    test_cmp marks.out combined.marks
+'
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+feature relative-marks
+feature import-marks=relative.in
+feature export-marks=relative.out
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: feature relative-marks should be honoured' '
+    mkdir -p .git/info/fast-import/ &&
+    cp marks.new .git/info/fast-import/relative.in &&
+    git fast-import <input &&
+    test_cmp marks.new .git/info/fast-import/relative.out
+'
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+feature relative-marks
+feature import-marks=relative.in
+feature no-relative-marks
+feature export-marks=non-relative.out
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: feature no-relative-marks should be honoured' '
+    git fast-import <input &&
+    test_cmp marks.new non-relative.out
+'
+
+cat >input << EOF
+option git quiet
+blob
+data 3
+hi
+
+EOF
+
+touch empty
+
+test_expect_success 'R: quiet option results in no stats being output' '
+    cat input | git fast-import 2> output &&
+    test_cmp empty output
+'
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+option git non-existing-option
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: die on unknown option' '
+    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: unknown commandline options are rejected' '\
+    test_must_fail git fast-import --non-existing-option < /dev/null
+'
+
+cat >input <<EOF
+option non-existing-vcs non-existing-option
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'R: ignore non-git options' '
+    git fast-import <input
+'
+
+##
+## R: very large blobs
+##
+blobsize=$((2*1024*1024 + 53))
+test-genrandom bar $blobsize >expect
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/big-file
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+R - big file
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline big1
+data $blobsize
+INPUT_END
+cat expect >>input
+cat >>input <<INPUT_END
+M 644 inline big2
+data $blobsize
+INPUT_END
+cat expect >>input
+echo >>input
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'R: blob bigger than threshold' \
+	'test_create_repo R &&
+	 git --git-dir=R/.git fast-import --big-file-threshold=1 <input'
+test_expect_success \
+	'R: verify created pack' \
+	': >verify &&
+	 for p in R/.git/objects/pack/*.pack;
+	 do
+	   git verify-pack -v $p >>verify || exit;
+	 done'
+test_expect_success \
+	'R: verify written objects' \
+	'git --git-dir=R/.git cat-file blob big-file:big1 >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual &&
+	 a=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big1) &&
+	 b=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big2) &&
+	 test $a = $b'
+test_expect_success \
+	'R: blob appears only once' \
+	'n=$(grep $a verify | wc -l) &&
+	 test 1 = $n'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh b/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a5c99d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Johan Herland
+#
+
+test_description='test git fast-import of notes objects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+first commit
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline foo
+data <<EOF
+file foo in first commit
+EOF
+
+M 755 inline bar
+data <<EOF
+file bar in first commit
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline baz/xyzzy
+data <<EOF
+file baz/xyzzy in first commit
+EOF
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+second commit
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline foo
+data <<EOF
+file foo in second commit
+EOF
+
+M 755 inline baz/xyzzy
+data <<EOF
+file baz/xyzzy in second commit
+EOF
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+third commit
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline foo
+data <<EOF
+file foo in third commit
+EOF
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+fourth commit
+COMMIT
+
+M 755 inline bar
+data <<EOF
+file bar in fourth commit
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'set up master branch' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	git whatchanged master
+'
+
+commit4=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
+commit3=$(git rev-parse "$commit4^")
+commit2=$(git rev-parse "$commit4~2")
+commit1=$(git rev-parse "$commit4~3")
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/test
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+first notes commit
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+first note for first commit
+EOF
+
+M 755 inline $commit2
+data <<EOF
+first note for second commit
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    fourth commit
+    third commit
+    second commit
+    first note for second commit
+    first commit
+    first note for first commit
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'add notes with simple M command' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/test git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/test
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+second notes commit
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/test^0
+N inline $commit3
+data <<EOF
+first note for third commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit4
+data <<EOF
+first note for fourth commit
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    fourth commit
+    first note for fourth commit
+    third commit
+    first note for third commit
+    second commit
+    first note for second commit
+    first commit
+    first note for first commit
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'add notes with simple N command' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/test git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/test
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+third notes commit
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/test^0
+N inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+second note for first commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit2
+data <<EOF
+second note for second commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit3
+data <<EOF
+second note for third commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit4
+data <<EOF
+second note for fourth commit
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    fourth commit
+    second note for fourth commit
+    third commit
+    second note for third commit
+    second commit
+    second note for second commit
+    first commit
+    second note for first commit
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'update existing notes with N command' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/test git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/test
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+fourth notes commit
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/test^0
+M 644 inline $(echo "$commit3" | sed "s|^..|&/|")
+data <<EOF
+prefix of note for third commit
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline $(echo "$commit4" | sed "s|^..|&/|")
+data <<EOF
+prefix of note for fourth commit
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline $(echo "$commit4" | sed "s|^\(..\)\(..\)|\1/\2/|")
+data <<EOF
+pre-prefix of note for fourth commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+third note for first commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit2
+data <<EOF
+third note for second commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit3
+data <<EOF
+third note for third commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit4
+data <<EOF
+third note for fourth commit
+EOF
+
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    fourth commit
+    pre-prefix of note for fourth commit
+    prefix of note for fourth commit
+    third note for fourth commit
+    third commit
+    prefix of note for third commit
+    third note for third commit
+    second commit
+    third note for second commit
+    first commit
+    third note for first commit
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'add concatentation notes with M command' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/test git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/test
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+fifth notes commit
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/test^0
+deleteall
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    fourth commit
+    third commit
+    second commit
+    first commit
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'verify that deleteall also removes notes' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/test git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_tick
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/test
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+sixth notes commit
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/notes/test^0
+M 644 inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+third note for first commit
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline $commit3
+data <<EOF
+third note for third commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit1
+data <<EOF
+fourth note for first commit
+EOF
+
+N inline $commit3
+data <<EOF
+fourth note for third commit
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EXPECT_END
+    fourth commit
+    third commit
+    fourth note for third commit
+    second commit
+    first commit
+    fourth note for first commit
+EXPECT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'verify that later N commands override earlier M commands' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/test git log | grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+# Write fast-import commands to create the given number of commits
+fast_import_commits () {
+	my_ref=$1
+	my_num_commits=$2
+	my_append_to_file=$3
+	my_i=0
+	while test $my_i -lt $my_num_commits
+	do
+		my_i=$(($my_i + 1))
+		test_tick
+		cat >>"$my_append_to_file" <<INPUT_END
+commit $my_ref
+mark :$my_i
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit #$my_i
+COMMIT
+
+M 644 inline file
+data <<EOF
+file contents in commit #$my_i
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+	done
+}
+
+# Write fast-import commands to create the given number of notes annotating
+# the commits created by fast_import_commits()
+fast_import_notes () {
+	my_notes_ref=$1
+	my_num_commits=$2
+	my_append_to_file=$3
+	my_note_append=$4
+	test_tick
+	cat >>"$my_append_to_file" <<INPUT_END
+commit $my_notes_ref
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+committing $my_num_commits notes
+COMMIT
+
+INPUT_END
+
+	my_i=0
+	while test $my_i -lt $my_num_commits
+	do
+		my_i=$(($my_i + 1))
+		cat >>"$my_append_to_file" <<INPUT_END
+N inline :$my_i
+data <<EOF
+note for commit #$my_i$my_note_append
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+	done
+}
+
+
+rm input expect
+num_commits=400
+# Create lots of commits
+fast_import_commits "refs/heads/many_commits" $num_commits input
+# Create one note per above commit
+fast_import_notes "refs/notes/many_notes" $num_commits input
+# Add a couple of non-notes as well
+test_tick
+cat >>input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/many_notes
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+committing some non-notes to the notes tree
+COMMIT
+
+M 755 inline foobar/non-note.txt
+data <<EOF
+This is not a note, but rather a regular file residing in a notes tree
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline deadbeef
+data <<EOF
+Non-note file
+EOF
+
+M 644 inline de/adbeef
+data <<EOF
+Another non-note file
+EOF
+
+INPUT_END
+# Finally create the expected output from all these notes and commits
+i=$num_commits
+while test $i -gt 0
+do
+	cat >>expect <<EXPECT_END
+    commit #$i
+    note for commit #$i
+EXPECT_END
+	i=$(($i - 1))
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'add lots of commits and notes' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/many_notes git log refs/heads/many_commits |
+	    grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify that lots of notes trigger a fanout scheme' '
+
+	# None of the entries in the top-level notes tree should be a full SHA1
+	git ls-tree --name-only refs/notes/many_notes |
+	while read path
+	do
+		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge 40
+		then
+			return 1
+		fi
+	done
+
+'
+
+cat >>expect_non-note1 << EOF
+This is not a note, but rather a regular file residing in a notes tree
+EOF
+
+cat >>expect_non-note2 << EOF
+Non-note file
+EOF
+
+cat >>expect_non-note3 << EOF
+Another non-note file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'verify that non-notes are untouched by a fanout change' '
+
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/many_notes:foobar/non-note.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_non-note1 actual &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/many_notes:deadbeef > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_non-note2 actual &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/many_notes:de/adbeef > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_non-note3 actual
+
+'
+remaining_notes=10
+test_tick
+cat >>input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/notes/many_notes
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+removing all notes but $remaining_notes
+COMMIT
+from refs/notes/many_notes^0
+INPUT_END
+
+i=$remaining_notes
+while test $i -lt $num_commits
+do
+	i=$(($i + 1))
+	cat >>input <<INPUT_END
+N 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 :$i
+INPUT_END
+done
+
+i=$num_commits
+rm expect
+while test $i -gt 0
+do
+	cat >>expect <<EXPECT_END
+    commit #$i
+EXPECT_END
+	if test $i -le $remaining_notes
+	then
+		cat >>expect <<EXPECT_END
+    note for commit #$i
+EXPECT_END
+	fi
+	i=$(($i - 1))
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'remove lots of notes' '
+
+	git fast-import <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/many_notes git log refs/heads/many_commits |
+	    grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify that removing notes trigger fanout consolidation' '
+
+	# All entries in the top-level notes tree should be a full SHA1
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r refs/notes/many_notes |
+	while read path
+	do
+		# Explicitly ignore the non-note paths
+		test "$path" = "foobar/non-note.txt" && continue
+		test "$path" = "deadbeef" && continue
+		test "$path" = "de/adbeef" && continue
+
+		if test $(expr length "$path") -ne 40
+		then
+			return 1
+		fi
+	done
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify that non-notes are untouched by a fanout change' '
+
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/many_notes:foobar/non-note.txt > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_non-note1 actual &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/many_notes:deadbeef > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_non-note2 actual &&
+	git cat-file -p refs/notes/many_notes:de/adbeef > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_non-note3 actual
+
+'
+
+
+rm input expect
+num_notes_refs=10
+num_commits=16
+some_commits=8
+# Create commits
+fast_import_commits "refs/heads/more_commits" $num_commits input
+# Create one note per above commit per notes ref
+i=0
+while test $i -lt $num_notes_refs
+do
+	i=$(($i + 1))
+	fast_import_notes "refs/notes/more_notes_$i" $num_commits input
+done
+# Trigger branch reloading in git-fast-import by repeating the note creation
+i=0
+while test $i -lt $num_notes_refs
+do
+	i=$(($i + 1))
+	fast_import_notes "refs/notes/more_notes_$i" $some_commits input " (2)"
+done
+# Finally create the expected output from the notes in refs/notes/more_notes_1
+i=$num_commits
+while test $i -gt 0
+do
+	note_data="note for commit #$i"
+	if test $i -le $some_commits
+	then
+		note_data="$note_data (2)"
+	fi
+	cat >>expect <<EXPECT_END
+    commit #$i
+    $note_data
+EXPECT_END
+	i=$(($i - 1))
+done
+
+test_expect_success "add notes to $num_commits commits in each of $num_notes_refs refs" '
+
+	git fast-import --active-branches=5 <input &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/more_notes_1 git log refs/heads/more_commits |
+	    grep "^    " > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..356964e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Johannes E. Schindelin
+#
+
+test_description='git fast-export'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	echo break it > file0 &&
+	git add file0 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo Wohlauf > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	echo die Luft > file &&
+	echo geht frisch > file2 &&
+	git add file file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	echo und > file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag rein &&
+	git checkout -b wer HEAD^ &&
+	echo lange > file2
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m sitzt file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m valentin muss &&
+	git merge -s ours master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-export | fast-import' '
+
+	MASTER=$(git rev-parse --verify master) &&
+	REIN=$(git rev-parse --verify rein) &&
+	WER=$(git rev-parse --verify wer) &&
+	MUSS=$(git rev-parse --verify muss) &&
+	mkdir new &&
+	git --git-dir=new/.git init &&
+	git fast-export --all |
+	(cd new &&
+	 git fast-import &&
+	 test $MASTER = $(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master) &&
+	 test $REIN = $(git rev-parse --verify refs/tags/rein) &&
+	 test $WER = $(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/wer) &&
+	 test $MUSS = $(git rev-parse --verify refs/tags/muss))
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-export master~2..master' '
+
+	git fast-export master~2..master |
+		sed "s/master/partial/" |
+		(cd new &&
+		 git fast-import &&
+		 test $MASTER != $(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/partial) &&
+		 git diff --exit-code master partial &&
+		 git diff --exit-code master^ partial^ &&
+		 test_must_fail git rev-parse partial~2)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'iso-8859-1' '
+
+	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+	# use author and committer name in ISO-8859-1 to match it.
+	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo rosten >file &&
+	git commit -s -m den file &&
+	git fast-export wer^..wer |
+		sed "s/wer/i18n/" |
+		(cd new &&
+		 git fast-import &&
+		 git cat-file commit i18n | grep "Áéí óú")
+
+'
+test_expect_success 'import/export-marks' '
+
+	git checkout -b marks master &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD &&
+	test -s tmp-marks &&
+	test $(wc -l < tmp-marks) -eq 3 &&
+	test $(
+		git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks\
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD |
+		grep ^commit |
+		wc -l) \
+	-eq 0 &&
+	echo change > file &&
+	git commit -m "last commit" file &&
+	test $(
+		git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD |
+		grep ^commit\  |
+		wc -l) \
+	-eq 1 &&
+	test $(wc -l < tmp-marks) -eq 4
+
+'
+
+cat > signed-tag-import << EOF
+tag sign-your-name
+from $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112911993 -0700
+data 210
+A message for a sign
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.5 (GNU/Linux)
+
+fakedsignaturefakedsignaturefakedsignaturefakedsignaturfakedsign
+aturefakedsignaturefake=
+=/59v
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'set up faked signed tag' '
+
+	cat signed-tag-import | git fast-import
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=abort' '
+
+	test_must_fail git fast-export --signed-tags=abort sign-your-name
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=verbatim' '
+
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=verbatim sign-your-name > output &&
+	grep PGP output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=strip' '
+
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=strip sign-your-name > output &&
+	! grep PGP output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
+
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	cd sub &&
+	git init  &&
+	echo test file > file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m sub_initial &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git submodule add "`pwd`/sub" sub &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cd sub &&
+	echo more data >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m sub_second &&
+	cd .. &&
+	git add sub &&
+	git commit -m second
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule fast-export | fast-import' '
+
+	SUBENT1=$(git ls-tree master^ sub) &&
+	SUBENT2=$(git ls-tree master sub) &&
+	rm -rf new &&
+	mkdir new &&
+	git --git-dir=new/.git init &&
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=strip --all |
+	(cd new &&
+	 git fast-import &&
+	 test "$SUBENT1" = "$(git ls-tree refs/heads/master^ sub)" &&
+	 test "$SUBENT2" = "$(git ls-tree refs/heads/master sub)" &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git submodule init &&
+	 git submodule update &&
+	 cmp sub/file ../sub/file)
+
+'
+
+GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'; export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+GIT_COMMITTER_NAME='C O Mitter'; export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+
+test_expect_success 'setup copies' '
+
+	git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
+	git checkout -b copy rein &&
+	git mv file file3 &&
+	git commit -m move1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cp file2 file4 &&
+	git add file4 &&
+	git mv file2 file5 &&
+	git commit -m copy1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cp file3 file6 &&
+	git add file6 &&
+	git commit -m copy2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo more text >> file6 &&
+	echo even more text >> file6 &&
+	git add file6 &&
+	git commit -m modify &&
+	test_tick &&
+	cp file6 file7 &&
+	echo test >> file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	git commit -m copy_modify
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-export -C -C | fast-import' '
+
+	ENTRY=$(git rev-parse --verify copy) &&
+	rm -rf new &&
+	mkdir new &&
+	git --git-dir=new/.git init &&
+	git fast-export -C -C --signed-tags=strip --all > output &&
+	grep "^C \"file6\" \"file7\"\$" output &&
+	cat output |
+	(cd new &&
+	 git fast-import &&
+	 test $ENTRY = $(git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy))
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-export | fast-import when master is tagged' '
+
+	git tag -m msg last &&
+	git fast-export -C -C --signed-tags=strip --all > output &&
+	test $(grep -c "^tag " output) = 3
+
+'
+
+cat > tag-content << EOF
+object $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+type commit
+tag rosten
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'cope with tagger-less tags' '
+
+	TAG=$(git hash-object -t tag -w tag-content) &&
+	git update-ref refs/tags/sonnenschein $TAG &&
+	git fast-export -C -C --signed-tags=strip --all > output &&
+	test $(grep -c "^tag " output) = 4 &&
+	! grep "Unspecified Tagger" output &&
+	git fast-export -C -C --signed-tags=strip --all \
+		--fake-missing-tagger > output &&
+	test $(grep -c "^tag " output) = 4 &&
+	grep "Unspecified Tagger" output
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for limiting exports by PATH' '
+	mkdir limit-by-paths &&
+	cd limit-by-paths &&
+	git init &&
+	echo hi > there &&
+	git add there &&
+	git commit -m "First file" &&
+	echo foo > bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m "Second file" &&
+	git tag -a -m msg mytag &&
+	echo morefoo >> bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m "Change to second file" &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+cat > limit-by-paths/expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :1
+data 3
+hi
+
+reset refs/tags/mytag
+commit refs/tags/mytag
+mark :2
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912713 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912713 -0700
+data 11
+First file
+M 100644 :1 there
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'dropping tag of filtered out object' '
+	cd limit-by-paths &&
+	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=drop mytag -- there > output &&
+	test_cmp output expected &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+cat >> limit-by-paths/expected << EOF
+tag mytag
+from :2
+tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912713 -0700
+data 4
+msg
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rewriting tag of filtered out object' '
+	cd limit-by-paths &&
+	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=rewrite mytag -- there > output &&
+	test_cmp output expected &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+cat > limit-by-paths/expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :1
+data 4
+foo
+
+blob
+mark :2
+data 3
+hi
+
+reset refs/heads/master
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :3
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912713 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912713 -0700
+data 12
+Second file
+M 100644 :1 bar
+M 100644 :2 there
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_failure 'no exact-ref revisions included' '
+	cd limit-by-paths &&
+	git fast-export master~2..master~1 > output &&
+	test_cmp output expected &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'set-up a few more tags for tag export tests' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	HEAD_TREE=`git show -s --pretty=raw HEAD | grep tree | sed "s/tree //"` &&
+	git tag    tree_tag        -m "tagging a tree" $HEAD_TREE &&
+	git tag -a tree_tag-obj    -m "tagging a tree" $HEAD_TREE &&
+	git tag    tag-obj_tag     -m "tagging a tag" tree_tag-obj &&
+	git tag -a tag-obj_tag-obj -m "tagging a tag" tree_tag-obj
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_tag'        '
+	mkdir result &&
+	(cd result && git init) &&
+	git fast-export tree_tag > fe-stream &&
+	(cd result && git fast-import < ../fe-stream)
+'
+
+# NEEDSWORK: not just check return status, but validate the output
+test_expect_success 'tree_tag-obj'    'git fast-export tree_tag-obj'
+test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag'     'git fast-export tag-obj_tag'
+test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag-obj' 'git fast-export tag-obj_tag-obj'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4327eb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Frank Lichtenheld
+#
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver access
+
+tests read access to a git repository with the
+cvs CLI client via git-cvsserver server'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping git cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+    say 'skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+    test_done
+fi
+"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+    say 'skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+    test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$(pwd)
+SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  echo >empty &&
+  git add empty &&
+  git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
+  mkdir secondroot &&
+  ( cd secondroot &&
+  git init &&
+  touch secondrootfile &&
+  git add secondrootfile &&
+  git commit -m "second root") &&
+  git pull secondroot master &&
+  git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+  GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+  GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+# note that cvs doesn't accept absolute pathnames
+# as argument to co -d
+test_expect_success 'basic checkout' \
+  'GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master &&
+   test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | head -n 1))" = "empty/1.1/"
+   test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | sed -ne \$p))" = "secondrootfile/1.1/"'
+
+#------------------------
+# PSERVER AUTHENTICATION
+#------------------------
+
+cat >request-anonymous  <<EOF
+BEGIN AUTH REQUEST
+$SERVERDIR
+anonymous
+
+END AUTH REQUEST
+EOF
+
+cat >request-git  <<EOF
+BEGIN AUTH REQUEST
+$SERVERDIR
+git
+
+END AUTH REQUEST
+EOF
+
+cat >login-anonymous <<EOF
+BEGIN VERIFICATION REQUEST
+$SERVERDIR
+anonymous
+
+END VERIFICATION REQUEST
+EOF
+
+cat >login-git <<EOF
+BEGIN VERIFICATION REQUEST
+$SERVERDIR
+git
+
+END VERIFICATION REQUEST
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'pserver authentication' \
+  'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'pserver authentication failure (non-anonymous user)' \
+  'if cat request-git | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1
+   then
+       false
+   else
+       true
+   fi &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I HATE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'pserver authentication (login)' \
+  'cat login-anonymous | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'pserver authentication failure (login/non-anonymous user)' \
+  'if cat login-git | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1
+   then
+       false
+   else
+       true
+   fi &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I HATE YOU\$"'
+
+
+# misuse pserver authentication for testing of req_Root
+
+cat >request-relative  <<EOF
+BEGIN AUTH REQUEST
+gitcvs.git
+anonymous
+
+END AUTH REQUEST
+EOF
+
+cat >request-conflict  <<EOF
+BEGIN AUTH REQUEST
+$SERVERDIR
+anonymous
+
+END AUTH REQUEST
+Root $WORKDIR
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (relative pathname)' \
+  'if cat request-relative | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1
+   then
+       echo unexpected success
+       false
+   else
+       true
+   fi &&
+   tail log | grep "^error 1 Root must be an absolute pathname$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (conflicting roots)' \
+  'cat request-conflict | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1 &&
+   tail log | grep "^error 1 Conflicting roots specified$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root (strict paths)' \
+  'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver --strict-paths pserver "$SERVERDIR" >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (strict-paths)' '
+    ! cat request-anonymous |
+    git-cvsserver --strict-paths pserver "$WORKDIR" >log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root (w/o strict-paths)' \
+  'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver pserver "$WORKDIR/" >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (w/o strict-paths)' '
+    ! cat request-anonymous |
+    git-cvsserver pserver "$WORKDIR/gitcvs" >log 2>&1
+'
+
+cat >request-base  <<EOF
+BEGIN AUTH REQUEST
+/gitcvs.git
+anonymous
+
+END AUTH REQUEST
+Root /gitcvs.git
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root (base-path)' \
+  'cat request-base | git-cvsserver --strict-paths --base-path "$WORKDIR/" pserver "$SERVERDIR" >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (base-path)' '
+    ! cat request-anonymous |
+    git-cvsserver --strict-paths --base-path "$WORKDIR" pserver "$SERVERDIR" >log 2>&1
+'
+
+GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled false || exit 1
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root (export-all)' \
+  'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver --export-all pserver "$WORKDIR" >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (export-all w/o whitelist)' \
+  '! (cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver --export-all pserver >log 2>&1 || false)'
+
+test_expect_success 'req_Root (everything together)' \
+  'cat request-base | git-cvsserver --export-all --strict-paths --base-path "$WORKDIR/" pserver "$SERVERDIR" >log 2>&1 &&
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU\$"'
+
+GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true || exit 1
+
+#--------------
+# CONFIG TESTS
+#--------------
+
+test_expect_success 'gitcvs.enabled = false' \
+  'GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled false &&
+   if GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1
+   then
+     echo unexpected cvs success
+     false
+   else
+     true
+   fi &&
+   grep "GITCVS emulation disabled" cvs.log &&
+   test ! -d cvswork2'
+
+rm -fr cvswork2
+test_expect_success 'gitcvs.ext.enabled = true' \
+  'GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.ext.enabled true &&
+   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled false &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+   diff -q cvswork cvswork2'
+
+rm -fr cvswork2
+test_expect_success 'gitcvs.ext.enabled = false' \
+  'GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.ext.enabled false &&
+   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+   if GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1
+   then
+     echo unexpected cvs success
+     false
+   else
+     true
+   fi &&
+   grep "GITCVS emulation disabled" cvs.log &&
+   test ! -d cvswork2'
+
+rm -fr cvswork2
+test_expect_success 'gitcvs.dbname' \
+  'GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.ext.enabled true &&
+   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.dbname %Ggitcvs.%a.%m.sqlite &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+   diff -q cvswork cvswork2 &&
+   test -f "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.ext.master.sqlite" &&
+   cmp "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.master.sqlite" "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.ext.master.sqlite"'
+
+rm -fr cvswork2
+test_expect_success 'gitcvs.ext.dbname' \
+  'GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.ext.enabled true &&
+   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.ext.dbname %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite &&
+   GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.dbname %Ggitcvs2.%a.%m.sqlite &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+   diff -q cvswork cvswork2 &&
+   test -f "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs1.ext.master.sqlite" &&
+   test ! -f "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs2.ext.master.sqlite" &&
+   cmp "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.master.sqlite" "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs1.ext.master.sqlite"'
+
+
+#------------
+# CVS UPDATE
+#------------
+
+rm -fr "$SERVERDIR"
+cd "$WORKDIR" &&
+git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log" ||
+exit 1
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (create new file)' \
+  'echo testfile1 >testfile1 &&
+   git add testfile1 &&
+   git commit -q -m "Add testfile1" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   test "$(echo $(grep testfile1 CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5))" = "testfile1/1.1/" &&
+   diff -q testfile1 ../testfile1'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (update existing file)' \
+  'echo line 2 >>testfile1 &&
+   git add testfile1 &&
+   git commit -q -m "Append to testfile1" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   test "$(echo $(grep testfile1 CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5))" = "testfile1/1.2/" &&
+   diff -q testfile1 ../testfile1'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+#TODO: cvsserver doesn't support update w/o -d
+test_expect_failure "cvs update w/o -d doesn't create subdir (TODO)" '
+   mkdir test &&
+   echo >test/empty &&
+   git add test &&
+   git commit -q -m "Single Subdirectory" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   test ! -d test
+'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (subdirectories)' \
+  '(for dir in A A/B A/B/C A/D E; do
+      mkdir $dir &&
+      echo "test file in $dir" >"$dir/file_in_$(echo $dir|sed -e "s#/# #g")"  &&
+      git add $dir;
+   done) &&
+   git commit -q -m "deep sub directory structure" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update -d &&
+   (for dir in A A/B A/B/C A/D E; do
+      filename="file_in_$(echo $dir|sed -e "s#/# #g")" &&
+      if test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D $dir/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5))" = "$filename/1.1/" &&
+           diff -q "$dir/$filename" "../$dir/$filename"; then
+        :
+      else
+        echo >failure
+      fi
+    done) &&
+   test ! -f failure'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (delete file)' \
+  'git rm testfile1 &&
+   git commit -q -m "Remove testfile1" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   test -z "$(grep testfile1 CVS/Entries)" &&
+   test ! -f testfile1'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (re-add deleted file)' \
+  'echo readded testfile >testfile1 &&
+   git add testfile1 &&
+   git commit -q -m "Re-Add testfile1" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   test "$(echo $(grep testfile1 CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5))" = "testfile1/1.4/" &&
+   diff -q testfile1 ../testfile1'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (merge)' \
+  'echo Line 0 >expected &&
+   for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+   do
+     echo Line $i >>merge
+     echo Line $i >>expected
+   done &&
+   echo Line 8 >>expected &&
+   git add merge &&
+   git commit -q -m "Merge test (pre-merge)" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   test "$(echo $(grep merge CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5))" = "merge/1.1/" &&
+   diff -q merge ../merge &&
+   ( echo Line 0; cat merge ) >merge.tmp &&
+   mv merge.tmp merge &&
+   cd "$WORKDIR" &&
+   echo Line 8 >>merge &&
+   git add merge &&
+   git commit -q -m "Merge test (merge)" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   sleep 1 && touch merge &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   diff -q merge ../expected'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+
+cat >expected.C <<EOF
+<<<<<<< merge.mine
+Line 0
+=======
+LINE 0
+>>>>>>> merge.3
+EOF
+
+for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+do
+  echo Line $i >>expected.C
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (conflict merge)' \
+  '( echo LINE 0; cat merge ) >merge.tmp &&
+   mv merge.tmp merge &&
+   git add merge &&
+   git commit -q -m "Merge test (conflict)" &&
+   git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+   cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+   diff -q merge ../expected.C'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (-C)' \
+  'cd cvswork &&
+   GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update -C &&
+   diff -q merge ../merge'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (merge no-op)' \
+   'echo Line 9 >>merge &&
+    cp merge cvswork/merge &&
+    git add merge &&
+    git commit -q -m "Merge test (no-op)" &&
+    git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+    cd cvswork &&
+    sleep 1 && touch merge &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+    diff -q merge ../merge'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (-p)' '
+    touch really-empty &&
+    echo Line 1 > no-lf &&
+    printf "Line 2" >> no-lf &&
+    git add really-empty no-lf &&
+    git commit -q -m "Update -p test" &&
+    git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs update &&
+    rm -f failures &&
+    for i in merge no-lf empty really-empty; do
+        GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs update -p "$i" >$i.out
+        diff $i.out ../$i >>failures 2>&1
+    done &&
+    test -z "$(cat failures)"
+'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs update (module list supports packed refs)' '
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git pack-refs --all &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -n up -d 2> out &&
+    grep "cvs update: New directory \`master'\''" < out
+'
+
+#------------
+# CVS STATUS
+#------------
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs status' '
+    mkdir status.dir &&
+    echo Line > status.dir/status.file &&
+    echo Line > status.file &&
+    git add status.dir status.file &&
+    git commit -q -m "Status test" &&
+    git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs update &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status | grep "^File: status.file" >../out &&
+    test $(wc -l <../out) = 2
+'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs status (nonrecursive)' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status -l | grep "^File: status.file" >../out &&
+    test $(wc -l <../out) = 1
+'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs status (no subdirs in header)' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status | grep ^File: >../out &&
+    ! grep / <../out
+'
+
+#------------
+# CVS CHECKOUT
+#------------
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs co -c (shows module database)' '
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs co -c > out &&
+    grep "^master[	 ]\+master$" < out &&
+    ! grep -v "^master[	 ]\+master$" < out
+'
+
+#------------
+# CVS ANNOTATE
+#------------
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs annotate' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs annotate merge >../out &&
+    sed -e "s/ .*//" ../out >../actual &&
+    for i in 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4; do echo 1.$i; done >../expect &&
+    test_cmp ../expect ../actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ed7b513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Matthew Ogilvie
+# Parts adapted from other tests.
+#
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver -kb modes
+
+tests -kb mode for binary files when accessing a git
+repository using cvs CLI client via git-cvsserver server'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+marked_as () {
+    foundEntry="$(grep "^/$2/" "$1/CVS/Entries")"
+    if [ x"$foundEntry" = x"" ] ; then
+       echo "NOT FOUND: $1 $2 1 $3" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+       return 1
+    fi
+    test x"$(grep "^/$2/" "$1/CVS/Entries" | cut -d/ -f5)" = x"$3"
+    stat=$?
+    echo "$1 $2 $stat '$3'" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+    return $stat
+}
+
+not_present() {
+    foundEntry="$(grep "^/$2/" "$1/CVS/Entries")"
+    if [ -r "$1/$2" ] ; then
+        echo "Error: File still exists: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+        return 1;
+    fi
+    if [ x"$foundEntry" != x"" ] ; then
+        echo "Error: should not have found: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+        return 1;
+    else
+        echo "Correctly not found: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+        return 0;
+    fi
+}
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+    say 'skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+    test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+    say 'skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+    test_done
+fi
+"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+    say 'skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+    test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$(pwd)
+SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
+    echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > binfile.bin &&
+    mkdir subdir &&
+    echo "Another text file" > subdir/file.h &&
+    echo "Another binary: Q (this time CR)" | q_to_cr > subdir/withCr.bin &&
+    echo "Mixed up NUL, but marked text: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > mixedUp.c
+    echo "Unspecified" > subdir/unspecified.other &&
+    echo "/*.bin -crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+    echo "/*.c crlf" >> .gitattributes &&
+    echo "subdir/*.bin -crlf" >> .gitattributes &&
+    echo "subdir/*.c crlf" >> .gitattributes &&
+    echo "subdir/file.h crlf" >> .gitattributes &&
+    git add .gitattributes textfile.c binfile.bin mixedUp.c subdir/* &&
+    git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
+    git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co (default crlf)' '
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    test x"$(grep '/-k' cvswork/CVS/Entries cvswork/subdir/CVS/Entries)" = x""
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co (allbinary)' '
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.allbinary true &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other -kb
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork cvs.log
+test_expect_success 'cvs co (use attributes/allbinary)' '
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.usecrlfattr true &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other -kb
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co (use attributes)' '
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.allbinary false &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'adding files' '
+    cd cvswork/subdir &&
+    echo "more text" > src.c &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q add src.c >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as . src.c "" &&
+    echo "psuedo-binary" > temp.bin &&
+    cd .. &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q add subdir/temp.bin >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as subdir temp.bin "-kb" &&
+    cd subdir &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q ci -m "adding files" >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as . temp.bin "-kb" &&
+    marked_as . src.c ""
+'
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'updating' '
+    git pull gitcvs.git &&
+    echo 'hi' > subdir/newfile.bin &&
+    echo 'junk' > subdir/file.h &&
+    echo 'hi' > subdir/newfile.c &&
+    echo 'hello' >> binfile.bin &&
+    git add subdir/newfile.bin subdir/file.h subdir/newfile.c binfile.bin &&
+    git commit -q -m "Add and change some files" &&
+    git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+    cd .. &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.c "" &&
+    echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > tmpExpect1 &&
+    echo "hello" >> tmpExpect1 &&
+    cmp cvswork/binfile.bin tmpExpect1
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co (use attributes/guess)' '
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.allbinary guess &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup multi-line files' '
+    ( echo "line 1" &&
+      echo "line 2" &&
+      echo "line 3" &&
+      echo "line 4 with NUL: Q <-" ) | q_to_nul > multiline.c &&
+    git add multiline.c &&
+    ( echo "line 1" &&
+      echo "line 2" &&
+      echo "line 3" &&
+      echo "line 4" ) | q_to_nul > multilineTxt.c &&
+    git add multilineTxt.c &&
+    git commit -q -m "multiline files" &&
+    git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co (guess)' '
+    GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.usecrlfattr false &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork multiline.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co another copy (guess)' '
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir file.h "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add text (guess)' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    echo "simpleText" > simpleText.c &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q add simpleText.c &&
+    cd .. &&
+    marked_as cvswork simpleText.c ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add bin (guess)' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    echo "simpleBin: NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > simpleBin.bin &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q add simpleBin.bin &&
+    cd .. &&
+    marked_as cvswork simpleBin.bin -kb
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove files (guess)' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q rm -f subdir/file.h &&
+    cd subdir &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q rm -f withCr.bin &&
+    cd ../.. &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir file.h ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs ci (guess)' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q ci -m "add/rm files" >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    cd .. &&
+    marked_as cvswork textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork multiline.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    not_present cvswork/subdir withCr.bin &&
+    not_present cvswork/subdir file.h &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork/subdir newfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork simpleBin.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork simpleText.c ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update subdir of other copy (guess)' '
+    cd cvswork2/subdir &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q update &&
+    cd ../.. &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    not_present cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin &&
+    not_present cvswork2/subdir file.h &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c "" &&
+    not_present cvswork2 simpleBin.bin &&
+    not_present cvswork2 simpleText.c
+'
+
+echo "starting update/merge" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+test_expect_success 'update/merge full other copy (guess)' '
+    git pull gitcvs.git master &&
+    sed "s/3/replaced_3/" < multilineTxt.c > ml.temp &&
+    mv ml.temp multilineTxt.c &&
+    git add multilineTxt.c &&
+    git commit -q -m "modify multiline file" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log" &&
+    git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
+    cd cvswork2 &&
+    sed "s/1/replaced_1/" < multilineTxt.c > ml.temp &&
+    mv ml.temp multilineTxt.c &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs update > cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+    cd .. &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    not_present cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin &&
+    not_present cvswork2/subdir file.h &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c "" &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 simpleBin.bin -kb &&
+    marked_as cvswork2 simpleText.c "" &&
+    echo "line replaced_1" > tmpExpect2 &&
+    echo "line 2" >> tmpExpect2 &&
+    echo "line replaced_3" >> tmpExpect2 &&
+    echo "line 4" | q_to_nul >> tmpExpect2 &&
+    cmp cvswork2/multilineTxt.c tmpExpect2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2fc7fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,642 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Jakub Narebski
+#
+
+test_description='gitweb as standalone script (basic tests).
+
+This test runs gitweb (git web interface) as CGI script from
+commandline, and checks that it would not write any errors
+or warnings to log.'
+
+
+. ./gitweb-lib.sh
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# no commits (empty, just initialized repository)
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: projects_list (implicit)' \
+	'gitweb_run'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: projects_index' \
+	'gitweb_run "a=project_index"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: .git summary (implicit)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: .git commit (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: .git commitdiff (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: .git tree (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: .git heads' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=heads"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'no commits: .git tags' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tags"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# initial commit
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'Make initial commit' \
+	'echo "Not an empty file." > file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Initial commit." &&
+	 git branch b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'projects_list (implicit)' \
+	'gitweb_run'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'projects_index' \
+	'gitweb_run "a=project_index"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git summary (implicit)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commit (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commitdiff (implicit HEAD, root commit)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commitdiff_plain (implicit HEAD, root commit)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff_plain"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commit (HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit;h=HEAD"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git tree (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git blob (file)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=blob;f=file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git blob_plain (file)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=blob_plain;f=file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# nonexistent objects
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commit (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit;h=non-existent"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commitdiff (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;h=non-existent"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git commitdiff (non-existent vs HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=non-existent;h=HEAD"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git tree (0000000000000000000000000000000000000000)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree;h=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git tag (0000000000000000000000000000000000000000)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tag;h=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git blob (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=blob;f=non-existent"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'.git blob_plain (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=blob_plain;f=non-existent"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# commitdiff testing (implicit, one implicit tree-ish)
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): root' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): file added' \
+	'echo "New file" > new_file &&
+	 git add new_file &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File added." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): mode change' \
+	'test_chmod +x new_file &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Mode changed." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): file renamed' \
+	'git mv new_file renamed_file &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File renamed." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+	'commitdiff(0): file to symlink' \
+	'rm renamed_file &&
+	 ln -s file renamed_file &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File to symlink." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): file deleted' \
+	'git rm renamed_file &&
+	 rm -f renamed_file &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File removed." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): file copied / new file' \
+	'cp file file2 &&
+	 git add file2 &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File copied." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): mode change and modified' \
+	'echo "New line" >> file2 &&
+	 test_chmod +x file2 &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Mode change and modification." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): renamed and modified' \
+	'cat >file2<<EOF &&
+Dominus regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+EOF
+	 git commit -a -m "File added." &&
+	 git mv file2 file3 &&
+	 echo "Propter nomen suum." >> file3 &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File rename and modification." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): renamed, mode change and modified' \
+	'git mv file3 file2 &&
+	 echo "Propter nomen suum." >> file2 &&
+	 test_chmod +x file2 &&
+	 git commit -a -m "File rename, mode change and modification." &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# commitdiff testing (taken from t4114-apply-typechange.sh)
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup typechange commits' '
+	echo "hello world" > foo &&
+	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
+	git update-index --add foo bar &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git branch initial &&
+	rm -f foo &&
+	ln -s bar foo &&
+	git update-index foo &&
+	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
+	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
+	rm -f foo &&
+	echo "how far is the sun?" > foo &&
+	git update-index foo &&
+	git commit -m "foo back to file" &&
+	git branch foo-back-to-file &&
+	rm -f foo &&
+	git update-index --remove foo &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo "if only I knew" > foo/baz &&
+	git update-index --add foo/baz &&
+	git commit -m "foo becomes a directory" &&
+	git branch "foo-becomes-a-directory" &&
+	echo "hello world" > foo/baz &&
+	git update-index foo/baz &&
+	git commit -m "foo/baz is the original foo" &&
+	git branch foo-baz-renamed-from-foo
+	'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): file renamed from foo to foo/baz' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=initial;h=foo-baz-renamed-from-foo"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): file renamed from foo/baz to foo' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=foo-baz-renamed-from-foo;h=initial"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): directory becomes file' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=foo-becomes-a-directory;h=initial"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): file becomes directory' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=initial;h=foo-becomes-a-directory"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): file becomes symlink' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=initial;h=foo-symlinked-to-bar"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): symlink becomes file' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=foo-symlinked-to-bar;h=foo-back-to-file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): symlink becomes directory' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=foo-symlinked-to-bar;h=foo-becomes-a-directory"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(2): directory becomes symlink' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;hp=foo-becomes-a-directory;h=foo-symlinked-to-bar"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# commit, commitdiff: merge, large
+test_expect_success \
+	'Create a merge' \
+	'git checkout b &&
+	 echo "Branch" >> b &&
+	 git add b &&
+	 git commit -a -m "On branch" &&
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git pull . b'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commit(0): merge commit' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(0): merge commit' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'Prepare large commit' \
+	'git checkout b &&
+	 echo "To be changed" > 01-change &&
+	 echo "To be renamed" > 02-pure-rename-from &&
+	 echo "To be deleted" > 03-delete &&
+	 echo "To be renamed and changed" > 04-rename-from &&
+	 echo "To have mode changed" > 05-mode-change &&
+	 echo "File to symlink" > 06-file-or-symlink &&
+	 echo "To be changed and have mode changed" > 07-change-mode-change	&&
+	 git add 0* &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Prepare large commit" &&
+	 echo "Changed" > 01-change &&
+	 git mv 02-pure-rename-from 02-pure-rename-to &&
+	 git rm 03-delete && rm -f 03-delete &&
+	 echo "A new file" > 03-new &&
+	 git add 03-new &&
+	 git mv 04-rename-from 04-rename-to &&
+	 echo "Changed" >> 04-rename-to &&
+	 test_chmod +x 05-mode-change &&
+	 rm -f 06-file-or-symlink &&
+	 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
+		ln -s 01-change 06-file-or-symlink
+	 else
+		printf %s 01-change > 06-file-or-symlink
+	 fi &&
+	 echo "Changed and have mode changed" > 07-change-mode-change	&&
+	 test_chmod +x 07-change-mode-change &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Large commit" &&
+	 git checkout master'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commit(1): large commit' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit;h=b"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'commitdiff(1): large commit' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff;h=b"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# tags testing
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'tags: list of different types of tags' \
+	'git checkout master &&
+	 git tag -a -m "Tag commit object" tag-commit HEAD &&
+	 git tag -a -m "" tag-commit-nomessage HEAD &&
+	 git tag -a -m "Tag tag object" tag-tag tag-commit &&
+	 git tag -a -m "Tag tree object" tag-tree HEAD^{tree} &&
+	 git tag -a -m "Tag blob object" tag-blob HEAD:file &&
+	 git tag lightweight/tag-commit HEAD &&
+	 git tag lightweight/tag-tag tag-commit &&
+	 git tag lightweight/tag-tree HEAD^{tree} &&
+	 git tag lightweight/tag-blob HEAD:file &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tags"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'tag: Tag to commit object' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tag;h=tag-commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'tag: on lightweight tag (invalid)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tag;h=lightweight/tag-commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# logs
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'logs: log (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=log"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'logs: shortlog (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=shortlog"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'logs: history (implicit HEAD, file)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=history;f=file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'logs: history (implicit HEAD, non-existent file)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=history;f=non-existent"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'logs: history (implicit HEAD, deleted file)' \
+	'git checkout master &&
+	 echo "to be deleted" > deleted_file &&
+	 git add deleted_file &&
+	 git commit -m "Add file to be deleted" &&
+	 git rm deleted_file &&
+	 git commit -m "Delete file" &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=history;f=deleted_file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# path_info links
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/b"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch:file' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch:dir/' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:foo/"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch:file (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:non-existent"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch:dir/ (non-existent)' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:non-existent/"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/branch:/file' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/master:/file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/:/file (implicit HEAD)' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/:/file"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'path_info: project/:/ (implicit HEAD, top tree)' \
+	'gitweb_run "" "/.git/:/"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# feed generation
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'feeds: OPML' \
+	'gitweb_run "a=opml"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'feed: RSS' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=rss"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'feed: Atom' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# encoding/decoding
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'encode(commit): utf8' \
+	'. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-utf8.txt &&
+	 echo "UTF-8" >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'encode(commit): iso-8859-1' \
+	'. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+	 echo "ISO-8859-1" >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
+	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt &&
+	 git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'encode(log): utf-8 and iso-8859-1' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=log"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# extra options
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'opt: log --no-merges' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=log;opt=--no-merges"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'opt: atom --no-merges' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=log;opt=--no-merges"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'opt: "file" history --no-merges' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=history;f=file;opt=--no-merges"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'opt: log --no-such-option (invalid option)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=log;opt=--no-such-option"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'opt: tree --no-merges (invalid option for action)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree;opt=--no-merges"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# testing config_to_multi / cloneurl
+
+test_expect_success \
+       'URL: no project URLs, no base URL' \
+       'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=summary"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+       'URL: project URLs via gitweb.url' \
+       'git config --add gitweb.url git://example.com/git/trash.git &&
+        git config --add gitweb.url http://example.com/git/trash.git &&
+        gitweb_run "p=.git;a=summary"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+cat >.git/cloneurl <<\EOF
+git://example.com/git/trash.git
+http://example.com/git/trash.git
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+       'URL: project URLs via cloneurl file' \
+       'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=summary"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# gitweb config and repo config
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<EOF
+
+\$feature{'blame'}{'override'} = 1;
+\$feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;
+\$feature{'avatar'}{'override'} = 1;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'config override: tree view, features not overridden in repo config' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'config override: tree view, features disabled in repo config' \
+	'git config gitweb.blame no &&
+	 git config gitweb.snapshot none &&
+	 git config gitweb.avatar gravatar &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'config override: tree view, features enabled in repo config (1)' \
+	'git config gitweb.blame yes &&
+	 git config gitweb.snapshot "zip,tgz, tbz2" &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+cat >.git/config <<\EOF
+# testing noval and alternate separator
+[gitweb]
+	blame
+	snapshot = zip tgz
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'config override: tree view, features enabled in repo config (2)' \
+	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# non-ASCII in README.html
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'README.html with non-ASCII characters (utf-8)' \
+	'echo "<b>UTF-8 example:</b><br />" > .git/README.html &&
+	 cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/1-UTF-8.txt >> .git/README.html &&
+	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=summary"'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d196cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Mark Rada
+#
+
+test_description='gitweb as standalone script (http status tests).
+
+This test runs gitweb (git web interface) as a CGI script from the
+commandline, and checks that it returns the expected HTTP status
+code and message.'
+
+
+. ./gitweb-lib.sh
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# snapshot settings
+
+test_commit \
+	'SnapshotTests' \
+	'i can has snapshot?'
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+$feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 0;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'snapshots: tgz only default format enabled' \
+    'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz" &&
+    grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output &&
+    gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tbz2" &&
+    grep "403 - Unsupported snapshot format" gitweb.output &&
+    gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=txz" &&
+    grep "403 - Snapshot format not allowed" gitweb.output &&
+    gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=zip" &&
+    grep "403 - Unsupported snapshot format" gitweb.output'
+
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+$feature{'snapshot'}{'default'} = ['tgz','tbz2','txz','zip'];
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'snapshots: all enabled in default, use default disabled value' \
+    'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz" &&
+    grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output &&
+    gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tbz2" &&
+    grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output &&
+    gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=txz" &&
+    grep "403 - Snapshot format not allowed" gitweb.output &&
+    gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=zip" &&
+    grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output'
+
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'snapshots: zip explicitly disabled' \
+    'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=zip" &&
+    grep "403 - Snapshot format not allowed" gitweb.output'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
+
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'disabled'} = 0;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'snapshots: tgz explicitly enabled' \
+    'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz" &&
+    grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# snapshot hash ids
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshots: good tree-ish id' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad tree-ish id' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=frizzumFrazzum;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "404 - Object does not exist" gitweb.output
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad tree-ish id (tagged object)' '
+	echo object > tag-object &&
+	git add tag-object &&
+	git commit -m "Object to be tagged" &&
+	git tag tagged-object `git hash-object tag-object` &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=tagged-object;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "400 - Object is not a tree-ish" gitweb.output
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshots: good object id' '
+	ID=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD` &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.output
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad object id' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=abcdef01234;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "404 - Object does not exist" gitweb.output
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# load checking
+
+# always hit the load limit
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+our $maxload = -1;
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'load checking: load too high (default action)' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git" &&
+	grep "Status: 503 Service Unavailable" gitweb.headers &&
+	grep "503 - The load average on the server is too high" gitweb.body
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.log' # just in case
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+# turn off load checking
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+our $maxload = undef;
+EOF
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dd83890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Mark Rada
+#
+
+test_description='gitweb as standalone script (parsing script output).
+
+This test runs gitweb (git web interface) as a CGI script from the
+commandline, and checks that it produces the correct output, either
+in the HTTP header or the actual script output.'
+
+
+. ./gitweb-lib.sh
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# snapshot file name and prefix
+
+cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF
+
+$known_snapshot_formats{'tar'} = {
+	'display' => 'tar',
+	'type' => 'application/x-tar',
+	'suffix' => '.tar',
+	'format' => 'tar',
+};
+
+$feature{'snapshot'}{'default'} = ['tar'];
+EOF
+
+# Call check_snapshot with the arguments "<basename> [<prefix>]"
+#
+# This will check that gitweb HTTP header contains proposed filename
+# as <basename> with '.tar' suffix added, and that generated tarfile
+# (gitweb message body) has <prefix> as prefix for al files in tarfile
+#
+# <prefix> default to <basename>
+check_snapshot () {
+	basename=$1
+	prefix=${2:-"$1"}
+	echo "basename=$basename"
+	grep "filename=.*$basename.tar" gitweb.headers >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	"$TAR" tf gitweb.body >file_list &&
+	! grep -v "^$prefix/" file_list
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit first foo &&
+	git branch xx/test &&
+	FULL_ID=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	SHORT_ID=$(git rev-parse --verify --short=7 HEAD)
+'
+test_debug '
+	echo "FULL_ID  = $FULL_ID"
+	echo "SHORT_ID = $SHORT_ID"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: full sha1' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$FULL_ID;sf=tar" &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-$SHORT_ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: shortened sha1' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$SHORT_ID;sf=tar" &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-$SHORT_ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: almost full sha1' '
+	ID=$(git rev-parse --short=30 HEAD) &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tar" &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-$SHORT_ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: HEAD' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tar" &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-HEAD-$SHORT_ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: short branch name (master)' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tar" &&
+	ID=$(git rev-parse --verify --short=7 master) &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-master-$ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: short tag name (first)' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=first;sf=tar" &&
+	ID=$(git rev-parse --verify --short=7 first) &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-first-$ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: full branch name (refs/heads/master)' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/master;sf=tar" &&
+	ID=$(git rev-parse --verify --short=7 master) &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-master-$ID"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: full tag name (refs/tags/first)' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/tags/first;sf=tar" &&
+	check_snapshot ".git-first"
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers && cat file_list'
+
+test_expect_success 'snapshot: hierarchical branch name (xx/test)' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=xx/test;sf=tar" &&
+	! grep "filename=.*/" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9600-cvsimport.sh b/t/t9600-cvsimport.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..363345f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9600-cvsimport.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git cvsimport basic tests'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping git cvsimport tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+CVSROOT=$(pwd)/cvsroot
+export CVSROOT
+
+test_expect_success 'setup cvsroot' '$CVS init'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a cvs module' '
+
+	mkdir "$CVSROOT/module" &&
+	$CVS co -d module-cvs module &&
+	cd module-cvs &&
+	cat <<EOF >o_fortuna &&
+O Fortuna
+velut luna
+statu variabilis,
+
+semper crescis
+aut decrescis;
+vita detestabilis
+
+nunc obdurat
+et tunc curat
+ludo mentis aciem,
+
+egestatem,
+potestatem
+dissolvit ut glaciem.
+EOF
+	$CVS add o_fortuna &&
+	cat <<EOF >message &&
+add "O Fortuna" lyrics
+
+These public domain lyrics make an excellent sample text.
+EOF
+	$CVS commit -F message &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import a trivial module' '
+
+	git cvsimport -a -z 0 -C module-git module &&
+	test_cmp module-cvs/o_fortuna module-git/o_fortuna
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack refs' 'cd module-git && git gc && cd ..'
+
+test_expect_success 'update cvs module' '
+
+	cd module-cvs &&
+	cat <<EOF >o_fortuna &&
+O Fortune,
+like the moon
+you are changeable,
+
+ever waxing
+and waning;
+hateful life
+
+first oppresses
+and then soothes
+as fancy takes it;
+
+poverty
+and power
+it melts them like ice.
+EOF
+	cat <<EOF >message &&
+translate to English
+
+My Latin is terrible.
+EOF
+	$CVS commit -F message &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git module' '
+
+	cd module-git &&
+	git cvsimport -a -z 0 module &&
+	git merge origin &&
+	cd .. &&
+	test_cmp module-cvs/o_fortuna module-git/o_fortuna
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update cvs module' '
+
+	cd module-cvs &&
+		echo 1 >tick &&
+		$CVS add tick &&
+		$CVS commit -m 1
+	cd ..
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvsimport.module config works' '
+
+	cd module-git &&
+		git config cvsimport.module module &&
+		git cvsimport -a -z0 &&
+		git merge origin &&
+	cd .. &&
+	test_cmp module-cvs/tick module-git/tick
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import from a CVS working tree' '
+
+	$CVS co -d import-from-wt module &&
+	cd import-from-wt &&
+		git cvsimport -a -z0 &&
+		echo 1 >expect &&
+		git log -1 --pretty=format:%s%n >actual &&
+		test_cmp actual expect &&
+	cd ..
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test entire HEAD' 'test_cmp_branch_tree master'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9601-cvsimport-vendor-branch.sh b/t/t9601-cvsimport-vendor-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3afaf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601-cvsimport-vendor-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Description of the files in the repository:
+#
+#    imported-once.txt:
+#
+#       Imported once.  1.1 and 1.1.1.1 should be identical.
+#
+#    imported-twice.txt:
+#
+#       Imported twice.  HEAD should reflect the contents of the
+#       second import (i.e., have the same contents as 1.1.1.2).
+#
+#    imported-modified.txt:
+#
+#       Imported, then modified on HEAD.  HEAD should reflect the
+#       modification.
+#
+#    imported-modified-imported.txt:
+#
+#       Imported, then modified on HEAD, then imported again.
+#
+#    added-imported.txt,v:
+#
+#       Added with 'cvs add' to create 1.1, then imported with
+#       completely different contents to create 1.1.1.1, therefore the
+#       vendor branch was never the default branch.
+#
+#    imported-anonymously.txt:
+#
+#       Like imported-twice.txt, but with a vendor branch whose branch
+#       tag has been removed.
+
+test_description='git cvsimport handling of vendor branches'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+CVSROOT="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9601/cvsroot
+export CVSROOT
+
+test_expect_success 'import a module with a vendor branch' '
+
+	git cvsimport -C module-git module
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check HEAD out of cvs repository' 'test_cvs_co master'
+
+test_expect_success 'check master out of git repository' 'test_git_co master'
+
+test_expect_success 'check a file that was imported once' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_file master imported-once.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'check a file that was imported twice' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_file master imported-twice.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check a file that was imported then modified on HEAD' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_file master imported-modified.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check a file that was imported, modified, then imported again' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_file master imported-modified-imported.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check a file that was added to HEAD then imported' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_file master added-imported.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'a vendor branch whose tag has been removed' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_file master imported-anonymously.txt
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9601/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562b12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9601/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/added-imported.txt,v b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/added-imported.txt,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f83072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/added-imported.txt,v
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+head	1.1;
+access;
+symbols
+	vtag-4:1.1.1.1
+	vbranchA:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.15;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.16;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Add a file to the working copy.
+@
+text
+@Adding this file, before importing it with different contents.
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-4).
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+This is vtag-4 (on vbranchA) of added-then-imported.txt.
+@
+
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-anonymously.txt,v b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-anonymously.txt,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55e1b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-anonymously.txt,v
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+head	1.1;
+branch	1.1.1;
+access;
+symbols
+	vtag-1:1.1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@This is vtag-1 (on vbranchA) of imported-anonymously.txt.
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-1).
+@
+text
+@@
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-modified-imported.txt,v b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-modified-imported.txt,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5830ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-modified-imported.txt,v
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+head	1.2;
+access;
+symbols
+	vtag-2:1.1.1.2
+	vtag-1:1.1.1.1
+	vbranchA:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.2
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.14;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1.1.2;
+
+1.1.1.2
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@First regular commit, to imported-modified-imported.txt, on HEAD.
+@
+text
+@This is a modification of imported-modified-imported.txt on HEAD.
+It should supersede the version from the vendor branch.
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d1 2
+a2 1
+This is vtag-1 (on vbranchA) of imported-modified-imported.txt.
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-1).
+@
+text
+@@
+
+
+1.1.1.2
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-2).
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+This is vtag-2 (on vbranchA) of imported-modified-imported.txt.
+@
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-modified.txt,v b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-modified.txt,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbcfe44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-modified.txt,v
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+head	1.2;
+access;
+symbols
+	vtag-1:1.1.1.1
+	vbranchA:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.2
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.14;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Commit on HEAD.
+@
+text
+@This is a modification of imported-modified.txt on HEAD.
+It should supersede the version from the vendor branch.
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d1 2
+a2 1
+This is vtag-1 (on vbranchA) of imported-modified.txt.
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-1).
+@
+text
+@@
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-once.txt,v b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-once.txt,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5dd82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-once.txt,v
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+head	1.1;
+branch	1.1.1;
+access;
+symbols
+	vtag-1:1.1.1.1
+	vbranchA:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@This is vtag-1 (on vbranchA) of imported-once.txt.
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-1).
+@
+text
+@@
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-twice.txt,v b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-twice.txt,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1f3f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9601/cvsroot/module/imported-twice.txt,v
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+head	1.1;
+branch	1.1.1;
+access;
+symbols
+	vtag-2:1.1.1.2
+	vtag-1:1.1.1.1
+	vbranchA:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1.1.2;
+
+1.1.1.2
+date	2004.02.09.15.43.13;	author kfogel;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@This is vtag-1 (on vbranchA) of imported-twice.txt.
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-1).
+@
+text
+@@
+
+
+1.1.1.2
+log
+@Import (vbranchA, vtag-2).
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+This is vtag-2 (on vbranchA) of imported-twice.txt.
+@
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9602-cvsimport-branches-tags.sh b/t/t9602-cvsimport-branches-tags.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..67878b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602-cvsimport-branches-tags.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# A description of the repository used for this test can be found in
+# t9602/README.
+
+test_description='git cvsimport handling of branches and tags'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+CVSROOT="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9602/cvsroot
+export CVSROOT
+
+test_expect_success 'import module' '
+
+	git cvsimport -C module-git module
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test branch master' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test branch vendorbranch' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree vendorbranch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'test branch B_FROM_INITIALS' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree B_FROM_INITIALS
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'test branch B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'test branch B_MIXED' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree B_MIXED
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test branch B_SPLIT' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree B_SPLIT
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'test tag vendortag' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree vendortag
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tag T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'test tag T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'test tag T_MIXED' '
+
+	test_cmp_branch_tree T_MIXED
+
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9602/README b/t/t9602/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c231e0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/README
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+This repository is for testing the ability to group revisions
+correctly along tags and branches.  Here is its history:
+
+  1.  The initial import (revision 1.1 of everybody) created a
+      directory structure with a file named `default' in each dir:
+
+            ./
+              default
+              sub1/default
+                   subsubA/default
+                   subsubB/default
+              sub2/default
+                   subsubA/default
+              sub3/default
+
+  2.  Then tagged everyone with T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES.
+
+  3.  Then tagged everyone except sub1/subsubB/default with
+      T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE.
+
+  4.  Then created branch B_FROM_INITIALS on everyone.
+
+  5.  Then created branch B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE on everyone except
+      /sub1/subsubB/default.
+
+  6.  Then committed modifications to two files: sub3/default, and
+      sub1/subsubA/default.
+
+  7.  Then committed a modification to all 7 files.
+
+  8.  Then backdated sub3/default to revision 1.2, and
+      sub2/subsubA/default to revision 1.1, and tagged with T_MIXED.
+
+  9.  Same as 8, but tagged with -b to create branch B_MIXED.
+
+  10. Switched the working copy to B_MIXED, and added
+      sub2/branch_B_MIXED_only.  (That's why the RCS file is in
+      sub2/Attic/ -- it never existed on trunk.)
+
+  11. In one commit, modified default, sub1/default, and
+      sub2/subsubA/default, on branch B_MIXED.
+
+  12. Did "cvs up -A" on sub2/default, then in one commit, made a
+      change to sub2/default and sub2/branch_B_MIXED_only.  So this
+      commit should be spread between the branch and the trunk.
+
+  13. Do "cvs up -A" to get everyone back to trunk, then make a new
+      branch B_SPLIT on everyone except sub1/subsubB/default,v.
+
+  14. Switch to branch B_SPLIT (see sub1/subsubB/default disappear)
+      and commit a change that affects everyone except sub3/default.
+
+  15. An hour or so later, "cvs up -A" to get sub1/subsubB/default
+      back, then commit a change on that file, on trunk.  (It's
+      important that this change happened after the previous commits
+      on B_SPLIT.)
+
+  16. Branch sub1/subsubB/default to B_SPLIT, then "cvs up -r B_SPLIT"
+      to switch the whole working copy to the branch.
+
+  17. Commit a change on B_SPLIT, to sub1/subsubB/default and
+      sub3/default.
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9602/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562b12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9602/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b68382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+head	1.2;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.2.0.4
+	B_MIXED:1.2.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.2
+	B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1.0.4
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.2.2.1
+	1.2.4.1;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.2.1
+date	2003.05.23.00.31.36;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.4.1
+date	2003.06.03.03.20.31;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@This is the file `default' in the top level of the project.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+@
+
+
+1.2.4.1
+log
+@First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+
+This change excludes sub3/default, because it was not part of this
+commit, and sub1/subsubB/default, which is not even on the branch yet.
+@
+text
+@a5 2
+
+First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.1
+log
+@Modify three files, on branch B_MIXED.
+@
+text
+@a5 2
+
+This line was added on branch B_MIXED only (affecting 3 files).
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7fdccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+head	1.2;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.2.0.4
+	B_MIXED:1.2.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.2
+	B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1.0.4
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.2.2.1
+	1.2.4.1;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.2.1
+date	2003.05.23.00.31.36;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.4.1
+date	2003.06.03.03.20.31;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@This is sub1/default.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+@
+
+
+1.2.4.1
+log
+@First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+
+This change excludes sub3/default, because it was not part of this
+commit, and sub1/subsubB/default, which is not even on the branch yet.
+@
+text
+@a5 2
+
+First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.1
+log
+@Modify three files, on branch B_MIXED.
+@
+text
+@a5 2
+
+This line was added on branch B_MIXED only (affecting 3 files).
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/subsubA/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/subsubA/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472b7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/subsubA/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+head	1.3;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.3.0.4
+	B_MIXED:1.3.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.3
+	B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1.0.4
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.3
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.3.4.1;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.15.26;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.3.4.1
+date	2003.06.03.03.20.31;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@This is sub1/subsubA/default.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added by the first commit (affecting two files).
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+@
+
+
+1.3.4.1
+log
+@First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+
+This change excludes sub3/default, because it was not part of this
+commit, and sub1/subsubB/default, which is not even on the branch yet.
+@
+text
+@a7 2
+
+First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@First commit to proj, affecting two files.
+@
+text
+@d6 2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/subsubB/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/subsubB/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe6efa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub1/subsubB/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+head	1.3;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.3.0.2
+	B_MIXED:1.2.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.2
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.3
+date	2003.06.03.04.29.14;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.3.2.1;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.3.2.1
+date	2003.06.03.04.33.13;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@A trunk change to sub1/subsubB/default.  This was committed about an
+hour after an earlier change that affected most files on branch
+B_SPLIT.  This file is not on that branch yet, but after this commit,
+we'll branch to B_SPLIT, albeit rooted in a revision that didn't exist
+at the time the rest of B_SPLIT was created.
+@
+text
+@This is sub1/subsubB/default.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+
+This bit was committed on trunk about an hour after an earlier change
+to everyone else on branch B_SPLIT.  Afterwards, we'll finally branch
+this file to B_SPLIT, but rooted in a revision that didn't exist at
+the time the rest of B_SPLIT was created.
+@
+
+
+1.3.2.1
+log
+@This change affects sub3/default and sub1/subsubB/default, on branch
+B_SPLIT.  Note that the latter file did not even exist on this branch
+until after some other files had had revisions committed on B_SPLIT.
+@
+text
+@a10 4
+
+This change affects sub3/default and sub1/subsubB/default, on branch
+B_SPLIT.  Note that the latter file did not even exist on this branch
+until after some other files had had revisions committed on B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@d6 5
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/Attic/branch_B_MIXED_only,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/Attic/branch_B_MIXED_only,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34c9789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/Attic/branch_B_MIXED_only,v
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+head	1.1;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_MIXED:1.1.0.2;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.23.00.25.26;	author jrandom;	state dead;
+branches
+	1.1.2.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.2.1
+date	2003.05.23.00.25.26;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1.2.2;
+
+1.1.2.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.48.51;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@file branch_B_MIXED_only was initially added on branch B_MIXED.
+@
+text
+@@
+
+
+1.1.2.1
+log
+@Add a file on branch B_MIXED.
+@
+text
+@a0 1
+This file was added on branch B_MIXED.  It never existed on trunk.
+@
+
+
+1.1.2.2
+log
+@A single commit affecting one file on branch B_MIXED and one on trunk.
+@
+text
+@a1 3
+
+The same commit added these two lines here on branch B_MIXED, and two
+similar lines to ./default on trunk.
+@
+
+
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..018f7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+head	1.3;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.3.0.2
+	B_MIXED:1.2.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.2
+	B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1.0.4
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.3
+date	2003.05.23.00.48.51;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.3.2.1;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.3.2.1
+date	2003.06.03.03.20.31;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@A single commit affecting one file on branch B_MIXED and one on trunk.
+@
+text
+@This is sub2/default.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+
+The same commit added these two lines here on trunk, and two similar
+lines to ./branch_B_MIXED_only on branch B_MIXED.
+@
+
+
+1.3.2.1
+log
+@First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+
+This change excludes sub3/default, because it was not part of this
+commit, and sub1/subsubB/default, which is not even on the branch yet.
+@
+text
+@a8 2
+
+First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@d6 3
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/subsubA/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/subsubA/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d13242c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub2/subsubA/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+head	1.2;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.2.0.2
+	B_MIXED:1.1.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.1
+	B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1.0.4
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.2.2.1;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1
+	1.1.2.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.1.2.1
+date	2003.05.23.00.31.36;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.2.1
+date	2003.06.03.03.20.31;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@This is sub2/subsub2/default.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.1
+log
+@First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+
+This change excludes sub3/default, because it was not part of this
+commit, and sub1/subsubB/default, which is not even on the branch yet.
+@
+text
+@a5 2
+
+First change on branch B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.2.1
+log
+@Modify three files, on branch B_MIXED.
+@
+text
+@a3 2
+
+This line was added on branch B_MIXED only (affecting 3 files).
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub3/default,v b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub3/default,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88e4567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9602/cvsroot/module/sub3/default,v
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+head	1.3;
+access;
+symbols
+	B_SPLIT:1.3.0.2
+	B_MIXED:1.2.0.2
+	T_MIXED:1.2
+	B_FROM_INITIALS_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1.0.4
+	B_FROM_INITIALS:1.1.1.1.0.2
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES_BUT_ONE:1.1.1.1
+	T_ALL_INITIAL_FILES:1.1.1.1
+	vendortag:1.1.1.1
+	vendorbranch:1.1.1;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.3
+date	2003.05.23.00.17.53;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.3.2.1;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2003.05.23.00.15.26;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.1.1.1;
+next	;
+
+1.1.1.1
+date	2003.05.22.23.20.19;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.3.2.1
+date	2003.06.03.04.33.13;	author jrandom;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@Second commit to proj, affecting all 7 files.
+@
+text
+@This is sub3/default.
+
+Every directory in the `proj' project has a file named `default'.
+
+This line was added by the first commit (affecting two files).
+
+This line was added in the second commit (affecting all 7 files).
+@
+
+
+1.3.2.1
+log
+@This change affects sub3/default and sub1/subsubB/default, on branch
+B_SPLIT.  Note that the latter file did not even exist on this branch
+until after some other files had had revisions committed on B_SPLIT.
+@
+text
+@a7 4
+
+This change affects sub3/default and sub1/subsubB/default, on branch
+B_SPLIT.  Note that the latter file did not even exist on this branch
+until after some other files had had revisions committed on B_SPLIT.
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@First commit to proj, affecting two files.
+@
+text
+@d6 2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Initial revision
+@
+text
+@d4 2
+@
+
+
+1.1.1.1
+log
+@Initial import.
+@
+text
+@@
diff --git a/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh b/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..958bdce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Structure of the test cvs repository
+#
+# Message   File:Content         Commit Time
+# Rev 1     a: 1.1               2009-02-21 19:11:43 +0100
+# Rev 2     a: 1.2    b: 1.1     2009-02-21 19:11:14 +0100
+# Rev 3               b: 1.2     2009-02-21 19:11:43 +0100
+#
+# As you can see the commit of Rev 3 has the same time as
+# Rev 1 this leads to a broken import because of a cvsps
+# bug.
+
+test_description='git cvsimport testing for correct patchset estimation'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+CVSROOT="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9603/cvsroot
+export CVSROOT
+
+test_expect_failure 'import with criss cross times on revisions' '
+
+    git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-git module &&
+    cd module-git &&
+        git log --pretty=format:%s > ../actual-master &&
+        git log A~2..A --pretty="format:%s %ad" -- > ../actual-A &&
+        echo "" >> ../actual-master &&
+        echo "" >> ../actual-A &&
+    cd .. &&
+    echo "Rev 4
+Rev 3
+Rev 2
+Rev 1" > expect-master &&
+    test_cmp actual-master expect-master &&
+
+    echo "Rev 5 Branch A Wed Mar 11 19:09:10 2009 +0000
+Rev 4 Branch A Wed Mar 11 19:03:52 2009 +0000" > expect-A &&
+    test_cmp actual-A expect-A
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9603/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9603/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562b12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9603/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9603/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9603/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9603/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9603/cvsroot/module/a,v b/t/t9603/cvsroot/module/a,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8fd5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9603/cvsroot/module/a,v
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+head	1.2;
+access;
+symbols
+	A:1.2.0.2;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.2
+date	2009.02.21.18.11.14;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.2.2.1;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2009.02.21.18.11.43;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.2.1
+date	2009.03.11.19.03.52;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2.2.2;
+
+1.2.2.2
+date	2009.03.11.19.09.10;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Rev 2
+@
+text
+@1.2
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.1
+log
+@Rev 4 Branch A
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.2.2.1
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.2
+log
+@Rev 5 Branch A
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.2.2.2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Rev 1
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.1
+@
diff --git a/t/t9603/cvsroot/module/b,v b/t/t9603/cvsroot/module/b,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d268855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9603/cvsroot/module/b,v
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+head	1.3;
+access;
+symbols
+	A:1.2.0.2;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.3
+date	2009.03.11.19.05.08;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2009.02.21.18.11.43;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches
+	1.2.2.1;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2009.02.21.18.11.14;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+1.2.2.1
+date	2009.03.11.19.03.52;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2.2.2;
+
+1.2.2.2
+date	2009.03.11.19.09.10;	author tester;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.3
+log
+@Rev 4
+@
+text
+@1.3
+@
+
+
+1.2
+log
+@Rev 3
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.2
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.1
+log
+@Rev 4 Branch A
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.2.2.1
+@
+
+
+1.2.2.2
+log
+@Rev 5 Branch A
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.2
+@
+
+
+1.1
+log
+@Rev 2
+@
+text
+@d1 1
+a1 1
+1.1
+@
diff --git a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8686086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2008 Lea Wiemann
+#
+
+test_description='perl interface (Git.pm)'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
+	say 'skipping perl interface tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+	say "Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
+	test_done
+}
+
+# set up test repository
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'set up test repository' \
+    'echo "test file 1" > file1 &&
+     echo "test file 2" > file2 &&
+     mkdir directory1 &&
+     echo "in directory1" >> directory1/file &&
+     mkdir directory2 &&
+     echo "in directory2" >> directory2/file &&
+     git add . &&
+     git commit -m "first commit" &&
+
+     echo "new file in subdir 2" > directory2/file2 &&
+     git add . &&
+     git commit -m "commit in directory2" &&
+
+     echo "changed file 1" > file1 &&
+     git commit -a -m "second commit" &&
+
+     git config --add color.test.slot1 green &&
+     git config --add test.string value &&
+     git config --add test.dupstring value1 &&
+     git config --add test.dupstring value2 &&
+     git config --add test.booltrue true &&
+     git config --add test.boolfalse no &&
+     git config --add test.boolother other &&
+     git config --add test.int 2k
+     '
+
+test_external_without_stderr \
+    'Perl API' \
+    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..666722d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+use lib (split(/:/, $ENV{GITPERLLIB}));
+
+use 5.006002;
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+use Test::More qw(no_plan);
+
+use Cwd;
+use File::Basename;
+
+BEGIN { use_ok('Git') }
+
+# set up
+our $abs_repo_dir = cwd();
+ok(our $r = Git->repository(Directory => "."), "open repository");
+
+# config
+is($r->config("test.string"), "value", "config scalar: string");
+is_deeply([$r->config("test.dupstring")], ["value1", "value2"],
+	  "config array: string");
+is($r->config("test.nonexistent"), undef, "config scalar: nonexistent");
+is_deeply([$r->config("test.nonexistent")], [], "config array: nonexistent");
+is($r->config_int("test.int"), 2048, "config_int: integer");
+is($r->config_int("test.nonexistent"), undef, "config_int: nonexistent");
+ok($r->config_bool("test.booltrue"), "config_bool: true");
+ok(!$r->config_bool("test.boolfalse"), "config_bool: false");
+our $ansi_green = "\x1b[32m";
+is($r->get_color("color.test.slot1", "red"), $ansi_green, "get_color");
+# Cannot test $r->get_colorbool("color.foo")) because we do not
+# control whether our STDOUT is a terminal.
+
+# Failure cases for config:
+# Save and restore STDERR; we will probably extract this into a
+# "dies_ok" method and possibly move the STDERR handling to Git.pm.
+open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR"; close STDERR;
+eval { $r->config("test.dupstring") };
+ok($@, "config: duplicate entry in scalar context fails");
+eval { $r->config_bool("test.boolother") };
+ok($@, "config_bool: non-boolean values fail");
+open STDERR, ">&", $tmpstderr or die "cannot restore STDERR";
+
+# ident
+like($r->ident("aUthor"), qr/^A U Thor <author\@example.com> [0-9]+ \+0000$/,
+     "ident scalar: author (type)");
+like($r->ident("cOmmitter"), qr/^C O Mitter <committer\@example.com> [0-9]+ \+0000$/,
+     "ident scalar: committer (type)");
+is($r->ident("invalid"), "invalid", "ident scalar: invalid ident string (no parsing)");
+my ($name, $email, $time_tz) = $r->ident('author');
+is_deeply([$name, $email], ["A U Thor", "author\@example.com"],
+	 "ident array: author");
+like($time_tz, qr/[0-9]+ \+0000/, "ident array: author");
+is_deeply([$r->ident("Name <email> 123 +0000")], ["Name", "email", "123 +0000"],
+	  "ident array: ident string");
+is_deeply([$r->ident("invalid")], [], "ident array: invalid ident string");
+
+# ident_person
+is($r->ident_person("aUthor"), "A U Thor <author\@example.com>",
+   "ident_person: author (type)");
+is($r->ident_person("Name <email> 123 +0000"), "Name <email>",
+   "ident_person: ident string");
+is($r->ident_person("Name", "email", "123 +0000"), "Name <email>",
+   "ident_person: array");
+
+# objects and hashes
+ok(our $file1hash = $r->command_oneline('rev-parse', "HEAD:file1"), "(get file hash)");
+my $tmpfile = "file.tmp";
+open TEMPFILE, "+>$tmpfile" or die "Can't open $tmpfile: $!";
+is($r->cat_blob($file1hash, \*TEMPFILE), 15, "cat_blob: size");
+our $blobcontents;
+{ local $/; seek TEMPFILE, 0, 0; $blobcontents = <TEMPFILE>; }
+is($blobcontents, "changed file 1\n", "cat_blob: data");
+close TEMPFILE or die "Failed writing to $tmpfile: $!";
+is(Git::hash_object("blob", $tmpfile), $file1hash, "hash_object: roundtrip");
+open TEMPFILE, ">$tmpfile" or die "Can't open $tmpfile: $!";
+print TEMPFILE my $test_text = "test blob, to be inserted\n";
+close TEMPFILE or die "Failed writing to $tmpfile: $!";
+like(our $newhash = $r->hash_and_insert_object($tmpfile), qr/[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/,
+     "hash_and_insert_object: returns hash");
+open TEMPFILE, "+>$tmpfile" or die "Can't open $tmpfile: $!";
+is($r->cat_blob($newhash, \*TEMPFILE), length $test_text, "cat_blob: roundtrip size");
+{ local $/; seek TEMPFILE, 0, 0; $blobcontents = <TEMPFILE>; }
+is($blobcontents, $test_text, "cat_blob: roundtrip data");
+close TEMPFILE;
+unlink $tmpfile;
+
+# paths
+is($r->repo_path, $abs_repo_dir . "/.git", "repo_path");
+is($r->wc_path, $abs_repo_dir . "/", "wc_path");
+is($r->wc_subdir, "", "wc_subdir initial");
+$r->wc_chdir("directory1");
+is($r->wc_subdir, "directory1", "wc_subdir after wc_chdir");
+is($r->config("test.string"), "value", "config after wc_chdir");
+
+# Object generation in sub directory
+chdir("directory2");
+my $r2 = Git->repository();
+is($r2->repo_path, $abs_repo_dir . "/.git", "repo_path (2)");
+is($r2->wc_path, $abs_repo_dir . "/", "wc_path (2)");
+is($r2->wc_subdir, "directory2/", "wc_subdir initial (2)");
+
+# commands in sub directory
+my $last_commit = $r2->command_oneline(qw(rev-parse --verify HEAD));
+like($last_commit, qr/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/, 'rev-parse returned hash');
+my $dir_commit = $r2->command_oneline('log', '-n1', '--pretty=format:%H', '.');
+isnt($last_commit, $dir_commit, 'log . does not show last commit');
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afd3053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+# if --tee was passed, write the output not only to the terminal, but
+# additionally to the file test-results/$BASENAME.out, too.
+case "$GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED, $* " in
+done,*)
+	# do not redirect again
+	;;
+*' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
+	mkdir -p test-results
+	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
+	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL-sh} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
+	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
+	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
+	exit
+	;;
+esac
+
+# Keep the original TERM for say_color
+ORIGINAL_TERM=$TERM
+
+# For repeatability, reset the environment to known value.
+LANG=C
+LC_ALL=C
+PAGER=cat
+TZ=UTC
+TERM=dumb
+export LANG LC_ALL PAGER TERM TZ
+EDITOR=:
+unset VISUAL
+unset GIT_EDITOR
+unset AUTHOR_DATE
+unset AUTHOR_EMAIL
+unset AUTHOR_NAME
+unset COMMIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+unset COMMIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+unset EMAIL
+unset GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
+unset GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=author@example.com
+GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
+unset GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=committer@example.com
+GIT_COMMITTER_NAME='C O Mitter'
+unset GIT_DIFF_OPTS
+unset GIT_DIR
+unset GIT_WORK_TREE
+unset GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF
+unset GIT_INDEX_FILE
+unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
+unset GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+unset SHA1_FILE_DIRECTORIES
+unset SHA1_FILE_DIRECTORY
+GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=5
+export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY
+export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+export EDITOR
+GIT_TEST_CMP=${GIT_TEST_CMP:-diff -u}
+
+# Protect ourselves from common misconfiguration to export
+# CDPATH into the environment
+unset CDPATH
+
+case $(echo $GIT_TRACE |tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]") in
+	1|2|true)
+		echo "* warning: Some tests will not work if GIT_TRACE" \
+			"is set as to trace on STDERR ! *"
+		echo "* warning: Please set GIT_TRACE to something" \
+			"other than 1, 2 or true ! *"
+		;;
+esac
+
+# Convenience
+#
+# A regexp to match 5 and 40 hexdigits
+_x05='[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]'
+_x40="$_x05$_x05$_x05$_x05$_x05$_x05$_x05$_x05"
+
+# Each test should start with something like this, after copyright notices:
+#
+# test_description='Description of this test...
+# This test checks if command xyzzy does the right thing...
+# '
+# . ./test-lib.sh
+[ "x$ORIGINAL_TERM" != "xdumb" ] && (
+		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM &&
+		export TERM &&
+		[ -t 1 ] &&
+		tput bold >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		tput setaf 1 >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		tput sgr0 >/dev/null 2>&1
+	) &&
+	color=t
+
+while test "$#" -ne 0
+do
+	case "$1" in
+	-d|--d|--de|--deb|--debu|--debug)
+		debug=t; shift ;;
+	-i|--i|--im|--imm|--imme|--immed|--immedi|--immedia|--immediat|--immediate)
+		immediate=t; shift ;;
+	-l|--l|--lo|--lon|--long|--long-|--long-t|--long-te|--long-tes|--long-test|--long-tests)
+		GIT_TEST_LONG=t; export GIT_TEST_LONG; shift ;;
+	-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)
+		help=t; shift ;;
+	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
+		verbose=t; shift ;;
+	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
+		quiet=t; shift ;;
+	--with-dashes)
+		with_dashes=t; shift ;;
+	--no-color)
+		color=; shift ;;
+	--no-python)
+		# noop now...
+		shift ;;
+	--va|--val|--valg|--valgr|--valgri|--valgrin|--valgrind)
+		valgrind=t; verbose=t; shift ;;
+	--tee)
+		shift ;; # was handled already
+	--root=*)
+		root=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	*)
+		echo "error: unknown test option '$1'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+if test -n "$color"; then
+	say_color () {
+		(
+		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM
+		export TERM
+		case "$1" in
+			error) tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
+			skip)  tput bold; tput setaf 2;; # bold green
+			pass)  tput setaf 2;;            # green
+			info)  tput setaf 3;;            # brown
+			*) test -n "$quiet" && return;;
+		esac
+		shift
+		printf "* %s" "$*"
+		tput sgr0
+		echo
+		)
+	}
+else
+	say_color() {
+		test -z "$1" && test -n "$quiet" && return
+		shift
+		echo "* $*"
+	}
+fi
+
+error () {
+	say_color error "error: $*"
+	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
+	exit 1
+}
+
+say () {
+	say_color info "$*"
+}
+
+test "${test_description}" != "" ||
+error "Test script did not set test_description."
+
+if test "$help" = "t"
+then
+	echo "$test_description"
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+exec 5>&1
+if test "$verbose" = "t"
+then
+	exec 4>&2 3>&1
+else
+	exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+fi
+
+test_failure=0
+test_count=0
+test_fixed=0
+test_broken=0
+test_success=0
+
+die () {
+	code=$?
+	if test -n "$GIT_EXIT_OK"
+	then
+		exit $code
+	else
+		echo >&5 "FATAL: Unexpected exit with code $code"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+GIT_EXIT_OK=
+trap 'die' EXIT
+
+# The semantics of the editor variables are that of invoking
+# sh -c "$EDITOR \"$@\"" files ...
+#
+# If our trash directory contains shell metacharacters, they will be
+# interpreted if we just set $EDITOR directly, so do a little dance with
+# environment variables to work around this.
+#
+# In particular, quoting isn't enough, as the path may contain the same quote
+# that we're using.
+test_set_editor () {
+	FAKE_EDITOR="$1"
+	export FAKE_EDITOR
+	EDITOR='"$FAKE_EDITOR"'
+	export EDITOR
+}
+
+test_decode_color () {
+	sed	-e 's/.\[1m/<WHITE>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[31m/<RED>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[32m/<GREEN>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[33m/<YELLOW>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[34m/<BLUE>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[35m/<MAGENTA>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[36m/<CYAN>/g' \
+		-e 's/.\[m/<RESET>/g'
+}
+
+q_to_nul () {
+	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
+}
+
+q_to_cr () {
+	tr Q '\015'
+}
+
+append_cr () {
+	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
+}
+
+remove_cr () {
+	tr '\015' Q | sed -e 's/Q$//'
+}
+
+test_tick () {
+	if test -z "${test_tick+set}"
+	then
+		test_tick=1112911993
+	else
+		test_tick=$(($test_tick + 60))
+	fi
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
+	GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+}
+
+# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents>]]"
+#
+# This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
+# message.  It will also add a tag with <message> as name.
+#
+# Both <file> and <contents> default to <message>.
+
+test_commit () {
+	file=${2:-"$1.t"}
+	echo "${3-$1}" > "$file" &&
+	git add "$file" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+# Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
+# can be a tag pointing to the commit-to-merge.
+
+test_merge () {
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge -m "$1" "$2" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+# This function helps systems where core.filemode=false is set.
+# Use it instead of plain 'chmod +x' to set or unset the executable bit
+# of a file in the working directory and add it to the index.
+
+test_chmod () {
+	chmod "$@" &&
+	git update-index --add "--chmod=$@"
+}
+
+# Use test_set_prereq to tell that a particular prerequisite is available.
+# The prerequisite can later be checked for in two ways:
+#
+# - Explicitly using test_have_prereq.
+#
+# - Implicitly by specifying the prerequisite tag in the calls to
+#   test_expect_{success,failure,code}.
+#
+# The single parameter is the prerequisite tag (a simple word, in all
+# capital letters by convention).
+
+test_set_prereq () {
+	satisfied="$satisfied$1 "
+}
+satisfied=" "
+
+test_have_prereq () {
+	case $satisfied in
+	*" $1 "*)
+		: yes, have it ;;
+	*)
+		! : nope ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+# You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
+# the text_expect_* functions instead.
+
+test_ok_ () {
+	test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
+	say_color "" "  ok $test_count: $@"
+}
+
+test_failure_ () {
+	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
+	say_color error "FAIL $test_count: $1"
+	shift
+	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/	/'
+	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
+}
+
+test_known_broken_ok_ () {
+	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
+	say_color "" "  FIXED $test_count: $@"
+}
+
+test_known_broken_failure_ () {
+	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
+	say_color skip "  still broken $test_count: $@"
+}
+
+test_debug () {
+	test "$debug" = "" || eval "$1"
+}
+
+test_run_ () {
+	eval >&3 2>&4 "$1"
+	eval_ret="$?"
+	return 0
+}
+
+test_skip () {
+	test_count=$(($test_count+1))
+	to_skip=
+	for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+	do
+		case $this_test.$test_count in
+		$skp)
+			to_skip=t
+		esac
+	done
+	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$prereq" &&
+	   ! test_have_prereq "$prereq"
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+	fi
+	case "$to_skip" in
+	t)
+		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test: $@"
+		say_color skip "skip $test_count: $1"
+		: true
+		;;
+	*)
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_expect_failure () {
+	test "$#" = 3 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 2 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
+	if ! test_skip "$@"
+	then
+		say >&3 "checking known breakage: $2"
+		test_run_ "$2"
+		if [ "$?" = 0 -a "$eval_ret" = 0 ]
+		then
+			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
+		else
+			test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
+		fi
+	fi
+	echo >&3 ""
+}
+
+test_expect_success () {
+	test "$#" = 3 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 2 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
+	if ! test_skip "$@"
+	then
+		say >&3 "expecting success: $2"
+		test_run_ "$2"
+		if [ "$?" = 0 -a "$eval_ret" = 0 ]
+		then
+			test_ok_ "$1"
+		else
+			test_failure_ "$@"
+		fi
+	fi
+	echo >&3 ""
+}
+
+test_expect_code () {
+	test "$#" = 4 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 3 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 3 or 4 parameters to test-expect-code"
+	if ! test_skip "$@"
+	then
+		say >&3 "expecting exit code $1: $3"
+		test_run_ "$3"
+		if [ "$?" = 0 -a "$eval_ret" = "$1" ]
+		then
+			test_ok_ "$2"
+		else
+			test_failure_ "$@"
+		fi
+	fi
+	echo >&3 ""
+}
+
+# test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
+# test output about their progress, and succeeds/fails on
+# zero/non-zero exit code.  It outputs the test output on stdout even
+# in non-verbose mode, and announces the external script with "* run
+# <n>: ..." before running it.  When providing relative paths, keep in
+# mind that all scripts run in "trash directory".
+# Usage: test_external description command arguments...
+# Example: test_external 'Perl API' perl ../path/to/test.pl
+test_external () {
+	test "$#" = 4 && { prereq=$1; shift; } || prereq=
+	test "$#" = 3 ||
+	error >&5 "bug in the test script: not 3 or 4 parameters to test_external"
+	descr="$1"
+	shift
+	if ! test_skip "$descr" "$@"
+	then
+		# Announce the script to reduce confusion about the
+		# test output that follows.
+		say_color "" " run $test_count: $descr ($*)"
+		# Run command; redirect its stderr to &4 as in
+		# test_run_, but keep its stdout on our stdout even in
+		# non-verbose mode.
+		"$@" 2>&4
+		if [ "$?" = 0 ]
+		then
+			test_ok_ "$descr"
+		else
+			test_failure_ "$descr" "$@"
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+# Like test_external, but in addition tests that the command generated
+# no output on stderr.
+test_external_without_stderr () {
+	# The temporary file has no (and must have no) security
+	# implications.
+	tmp="$TMPDIR"; if [ -z "$tmp" ]; then tmp=/tmp; fi
+	stderr="$tmp/git-external-stderr.$$.tmp"
+	test_external "$@" 4> "$stderr"
+	[ -f "$stderr" ] || error "Internal error: $stderr disappeared."
+	descr="no stderr: $1"
+	shift
+	say >&3 "expecting no stderr from previous command"
+	if [ ! -s "$stderr" ]; then
+		rm "$stderr"
+		test_ok_ "$descr"
+	else
+		if [ "$verbose" = t ]; then
+			output=`echo; echo Stderr is:; cat "$stderr"`
+		else
+			output=
+		fi
+		# rm first in case test_failure exits.
+		rm "$stderr"
+		test_failure_ "$descr" "$@" "$output"
+	fi
+}
+
+# This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
+# but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'complain and die' '
+#           do something &&
+#           do something else &&
+#	    test_must_fail git checkout ../outerspace
+#	'
+#
+# Writing this as "! git checkout ../outerspace" is wrong, because
+# the failure could be due to a segv.  We want a controlled failure.
+
+test_must_fail () {
+	"$@"
+	test $? -gt 0 -a $? -le 129 -o $? -gt 192
+}
+
+# test_cmp is a helper function to compare actual and expected output.
+# You can use it like:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'foo works' '
+#		echo expected >expected &&
+#		foo >actual &&
+#		test_cmp expected actual
+#	'
+#
+# This could be written as either "cmp" or "diff -u", but:
+# - cmp's output is not nearly as easy to read as diff -u
+# - not all diff versions understand "-u"
+
+test_cmp() {
+	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
+}
+
+# Most tests can use the created repository, but some may need to create more.
+# Usage: test_create_repo <directory>
+test_create_repo () {
+	test "$#" = 1 ||
+	error "bug in the test script: not 1 parameter to test-create-repo"
+	owd=`pwd`
+	repo="$1"
+	mkdir -p "$repo"
+	cd "$repo" || error "Cannot setup test environment"
+	"$GIT_EXEC_PATH/git-init" "--template=$TEST_DIRECTORY/../templates/blt/" >&3 2>&4 ||
+	error "cannot run git init -- have you built things yet?"
+	mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
+	cd "$owd"
+}
+
+test_done () {
+	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
+	test_results_dir="$TEST_DIRECTORY/test-results"
+	mkdir -p "$test_results_dir"
+	test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${0%.sh}-$$"
+
+	echo "total $test_count" >> $test_results_path
+	echo "success $test_success" >> $test_results_path
+	echo "fixed $test_fixed" >> $test_results_path
+	echo "broken $test_broken" >> $test_results_path
+	echo "failed $test_failure" >> $test_results_path
+	echo "" >> $test_results_path
+
+	if test "$test_fixed" != 0
+	then
+		say_color pass "fixed $test_fixed known breakage(s)"
+	fi
+	if test "$test_broken" != 0
+	then
+		say_color error "still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
+		msg="remaining $(($test_count-$test_broken)) test(s)"
+	else
+		msg="$test_count test(s)"
+	fi
+	case "$test_failure" in
+	0)
+		say_color pass "passed all $msg"
+
+		test -d "$remove_trash" &&
+		cd "$(dirname "$remove_trash")" &&
+		rm -rf "$(basename "$remove_trash")"
+
+		exit 0 ;;
+
+	*)
+		say_color error "failed $test_failure among $msg"
+		exit 1 ;;
+
+	esac
+}
+
+# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
+# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
+TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+if test -n "$valgrind"
+then
+	make_symlink () {
+		test -h "$2" &&
+		test "$1" = "$(readlink "$2")" || {
+			# be super paranoid
+			if mkdir "$2".lock
+			then
+				rm -f "$2" &&
+				ln -s "$1" "$2" &&
+				rm -r "$2".lock
+			else
+				while test -d "$2".lock
+				do
+					say "Waiting for lock on $2."
+					sleep 1
+				done
+			fi
+		}
+	}
+
+	make_valgrind_symlink () {
+		# handle only executables
+		test -x "$1" || return
+
+		base=$(basename "$1")
+		symlink_target=$TEST_DIRECTORY/../$base
+		# do not override scripts
+		if test -x "$symlink_target" &&
+		    test ! -d "$symlink_target" &&
+		    test "#!" != "$(head -c 2 < "$symlink_target")"
+		then
+			symlink_target=../valgrind.sh
+		fi
+		case "$base" in
+		*.sh|*.perl)
+			symlink_target=../unprocessed-script
+		esac
+		# create the link, or replace it if it is out of date
+		make_symlink "$symlink_target" "$GIT_VALGRIND/bin/$base" || exit
+	}
+
+	# override all git executables in TEST_DIRECTORY/..
+	GIT_VALGRIND=$TEST_DIRECTORY/valgrind
+	mkdir -p "$GIT_VALGRIND"/bin
+	for file in $TEST_DIRECTORY/../git* $TEST_DIRECTORY/../test-*
+	do
+		make_valgrind_symlink $file
+	done
+	OLDIFS=$IFS
+	IFS=:
+	for path in $PATH
+	do
+		ls "$path"/git-* 2> /dev/null |
+		while read file
+		do
+			make_valgrind_symlink "$file"
+		done
+	done
+	IFS=$OLDIFS
+	PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin:$PATH
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin
+	export GIT_VALGRIND
+elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$($GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path)  ||
+	error "Cannot run git from $GIT_TEST_INSTALLED."
+	PATH=$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:$TEST_DIRECTORY/..:$PATH
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=${GIT_TEST_EXEC_PATH:-$GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+else # normal case, use ../bin-wrappers only unless $with_dashes:
+	git_bin_dir="$TEST_DIRECTORY/../bin-wrappers"
+	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git" ; then
+		if test -z "$with_dashes" ; then
+			say "$git_bin_dir/git is not executable; using GIT_EXEC_PATH"
+		fi
+		with_dashes=t
+	fi
+	PATH="$git_bin_dir:$PATH"
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$TEST_DIRECTORY/..
+	if test -n "$with_dashes" ; then
+		PATH="$TEST_DIRECTORY/..:$PATH"
+	fi
+fi
+GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR=$(pwd)/../templates/blt
+unset GIT_CONFIG
+GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM=1
+GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL=1
+export PATH GIT_EXEC_PATH GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM GIT_CONFIG_NOGLOBAL
+
+. ../GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
+GITPERLLIB=$(pwd)/../perl/blib/lib:$(pwd)/../perl/blib/arch/auto/Git
+export GITPERLLIB
+test -d ../templates/blt || {
+	error "You haven't built things yet, have you?"
+}
+
+if test -z "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" && test -z "$NO_PYTHON"
+then
+	GITPYTHONLIB="$(pwd)/../git_remote_helpers/build/lib"
+	export GITPYTHONLIB
+	test -d ../git_remote_helpers/build || {
+		error "You haven't built git_remote_helpers yet, have you?"
+	}
+fi
+
+if ! test -x ../test-chmtime; then
+	echo >&2 'You need to build test-chmtime:'
+	echo >&2 'Run "make test-chmtime" in the source (toplevel) directory'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Test repository
+test="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+test -n "$root" && test="$root/$test"
+case "$test" in
+/*) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$test" ;;
+ *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_DIRECTORY/$test" ;;
+esac
+test ! -z "$debug" || remove_trash=$TRASH_DIRECTORY
+rm -fr "$test" || {
+	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
+	echo >&5 "FATAL: Cannot prepare test area"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+test_create_repo "$test"
+# Use -P to resolve symlinks in our working directory so that the cwd
+# in subprocesses like git equals our $PWD (for pathname comparisons).
+cd -P "$test" || exit 1
+
+this_test=${0##*/}
+this_test=${this_test%%-*}
+for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+do
+	to_skip=
+	for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+	do
+		case "$this_test" in
+		$skp)
+			to_skip=t
+		esac
+	done
+	case "$to_skip" in
+	t)
+		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
+		say_color skip "skip all tests in $this_test"
+		test_done
+	esac
+done
+
+# Provide an implementation of the 'yes' utility
+yes () {
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		y=y
+	else
+		y="$*"
+	fi
+
+	while echo "$y"
+	do
+		:
+	done
+}
+
+# Fix some commands on Windows
+case $(uname -s) in
+*MINGW*)
+	# Windows has its own (incompatible) sort and find
+	sort () {
+		/usr/bin/sort "$@"
+	}
+	find () {
+		/usr/bin/find "$@"
+	}
+	sum () {
+		md5sum "$@"
+	}
+	# git sees Windows-style pwd
+	pwd () {
+		builtin pwd -W
+	}
+	# no POSIX permissions
+	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
+	# exec does not inherit the PID
+	;;
+*)
+	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
+	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
+	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
+	;;
+esac
+
+test -z "$NO_PERL" && test_set_prereq PERL
+test -z "$NO_PYTHON" && test_set_prereq PYTHON
+
+# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
+ln -s x y 2>/dev/null && test -h y 2>/dev/null && test_set_prereq SYMLINKS
+rm -f y
diff --git a/t/test4012.png b/t/test4012.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b181d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/test4012.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/test9200a.png b/t/test9200a.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b181d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/test9200a.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/test9200b.png b/t/test9200b.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac22ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/test9200b.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/t/valgrind/.gitignore b/t/valgrind/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4ae667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/valgrind/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/bin/
+/templates
diff --git a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d8105d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+out_prefix=$(dirname "$0")/../test-results/valgrind.out
+output=
+count=0
+total_count=0
+missing_message=
+new_line='
+'
+
+# start outputting the current valgrind error in $out_prefix.++$count,
+# and the test case which failed in the corresponding .message file
+start_output () {
+	test -z "$output" || return
+
+	# progress
+	total_count=$(($total_count+1))
+	test -t 2 && printf "\rFound %d errors" $total_count >&2
+
+	count=$(($count+1))
+	output=$out_prefix.$count
+	: > $output
+
+	echo "*** $1 ***" > $output.message
+}
+
+finish_output () {
+	test ! -z "$output" || return
+	output=
+
+	# if a test case has more than one valgrind error, we need to
+	# copy the last .message file to the previous errors
+	test -z "$missing_message" || {
+		while test $missing_message -lt $count
+		do
+			cp $out_prefix.$count.message \
+				$out_prefix.$missing_message.message
+			missing_message=$(($missing_message+1))
+		done
+		missing_message=
+	}
+}
+
+# group the valgrind errors by backtrace
+output_all () {
+	last_line=
+	j=0
+	i=1
+	while test $i -le $count
+	do
+		# output <number> <backtrace-in-one-line>
+		echo "$i $(tr '\n' ' ' < $out_prefix.$i)"
+		i=$(($i+1))
+	done |
+	sort -t ' ' -k 2 | # order by <backtrace-in-one-line>
+	while read number line
+	do
+		# find duplicates, do not output backtrace twice
+		if test "$line" != "$last_line"
+		then
+			last_line=$line
+			j=$(($j+1))
+			printf "\nValgrind error $j:\n\n"
+			cat $out_prefix.$number
+			printf "\nfound in:\n"
+		fi
+		# print the test case where this came from
+		printf "\n"
+		cat $out_prefix.$number.message
+	done
+}
+
+handle_one () {
+	OLDIFS=$IFS
+	IFS="$new_line"
+	while read line
+	do
+		case "$line" in
+		# backtrace, possibly a new one
+		==[0-9]*)
+
+			# Does the current valgrind error have a message yet?
+			case "$output" in
+			*.message)
+				test -z "$missing_message" &&
+				missing_message=$count
+				output=
+			esac
+
+			start_output $(basename $1)
+			echo "$line" |
+			sed 's/==[0-9]*==/==valgrind==/' >> $output
+			;;
+		# end of backtrace
+		'}')
+			test -z "$output" || {
+				echo "$line" >> $output
+				test $output = ${output%.message} &&
+				output=$output.message
+			}
+			;;
+		# end of test case
+		'')
+			finish_output
+			;;
+		# normal line; if $output is set, print the line
+		*)
+			test -z "$output" || echo "$line" >> $output
+			;;
+		esac
+	done < $1
+	IFS=$OLDIFS
+
+	# just to be safe
+	finish_output
+}
+
+for test_script in "$(dirname "$0")"/../test-results/*.out
+do
+	handle_one $test_script
+done
+
+output_all
diff --git a/t/valgrind/default.supp b/t/valgrind/default.supp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e013fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/valgrind/default.supp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+	ignore-zlib-errors-cond
+	Memcheck:Cond
+	obj:*libz.so*
+}
+
+{
+	ignore-zlib-errors-value8
+	Memcheck:Value8
+	obj:*libz.so*
+}
+
+{
+	ignore-zlib-errors-value4
+	Memcheck:Value4
+	obj:*libz.so*
+}
+
+{
+	ignore-ldso-cond
+	Memcheck:Cond
+	obj:*ld-*.so
+}
+
+{
+	ignore-ldso-addr8
+	Memcheck:Addr8
+	obj:*ld-*.so
+}
+
+{
+	ignore-ldso-addr4
+	Memcheck:Addr4
+	obj:*ld-*.so
+}
+
+{
+	writing-data-from-zlib-triggers-even-more-errors
+	Memcheck:Param
+	write(buf)
+	obj:/lib/ld-*.so
+	fun:write_in_full
+	fun:write_buffer
+	fun:write_loose_object
+}
diff --git a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..582b4dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+base=$(basename "$0")
+
+TRACK_ORIGINS=
+
+VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
+VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
+VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
+test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
+test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
+TRACK_ORIGINS=--track-origins=yes
+
+exec valgrind -q --error-exitcode=126 \
+	--leak-check=no \
+	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
+	--gen-suppressions=all \
+	$TRACK_ORIGINS \
+	--log-fd=4 \
+	--input-fd=4 \
+	$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS \
+	"$GIT_VALGRIND"/../../"$base" "$@"
diff --git a/tag.c b/tag.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4470d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tag.c
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+
+const char *tag_type = "tag";
+
+struct object *deref_tag(struct object *o, const char *warn, int warnlen)
+{
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG)
+		if (((struct tag *)o)->tagged)
+			o = parse_object(((struct tag *)o)->tagged->sha1);
+		else
+			o = NULL;
+	if (!o && warn) {
+		if (!warnlen)
+			warnlen = strlen(warn);
+		error("missing object referenced by '%.*s'", warnlen, warn);
+	}
+	return o;
+}
+
+struct tag *lookup_tag(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_TAG, alloc_tag_node());
+	if (!obj->type)
+		obj->type = OBJ_TAG;
+        if (obj->type != OBJ_TAG) {
+                error("Object %s is a %s, not a tag",
+                      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        return (struct tag *) obj;
+}
+
+int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, void *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	int typelen, taglen;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *type_line, *tag_line, *sig_line;
+	char type[20];
+	const char *start = data;
+
+        if (item->object.parsed)
+                return 0;
+        item->object.parsed = 1;
+
+	if (size < 64)
+		return -1;
+	if (memcmp("object ", data, 7) || get_sha1_hex((char *) data + 7, sha1))
+		return -1;
+
+	type_line = (char *) data + 48;
+	if (memcmp("\ntype ", type_line-1, 6))
+		return -1;
+
+	tag_line = memchr(type_line, '\n', size - (type_line - start));
+	if (!tag_line || memcmp("tag ", ++tag_line, 4))
+		return -1;
+
+	sig_line = memchr(tag_line, '\n', size - (tag_line - start));
+	if (!sig_line)
+		return -1;
+	sig_line++;
+
+	typelen = tag_line - type_line - strlen("type \n");
+	if (typelen >= 20)
+		return -1;
+	memcpy(type, type_line + 5, typelen);
+	type[typelen] = '\0';
+	taglen = sig_line - tag_line - strlen("tag \n");
+	item->tag = xmemdupz(tag_line + 4, taglen);
+
+	if (!strcmp(type, blob_type)) {
+		item->tagged = &lookup_blob(sha1)->object;
+	} else if (!strcmp(type, tree_type)) {
+		item->tagged = &lookup_tree(sha1)->object;
+	} else if (!strcmp(type, commit_type)) {
+		item->tagged = &lookup_commit(sha1)->object;
+	} else if (!strcmp(type, tag_type)) {
+		item->tagged = &lookup_tag(sha1)->object;
+	} else {
+		error("Unknown type %s", type);
+		item->tagged = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_tag(struct tag *item)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (item->object.parsed)
+		return 0;
+	data = read_sha1_file(item->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!data)
+		return error("Could not read %s",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	if (type != OBJ_TAG) {
+		free(data);
+		return error("Object %s not a tag",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	}
+	ret = parse_tag_buffer(item, data, size);
+	free(data);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/tag.h b/tag.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a0cb00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tag.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef TAG_H
+#define TAG_H
+
+#include "object.h"
+
+extern const char *tag_type;
+
+struct tag {
+	struct object object;
+	struct object *tagged;
+	char *tag;
+	char *signature; /* not actually implemented */
+};
+
+extern struct tag *lookup_tag(const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, void *data, unsigned long size);
+extern int parse_tag(struct tag *item);
+extern struct object *deref_tag(struct object *, const char *, int);
+
+#endif /* TAG_H */
diff --git a/tar.h b/tar.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3467705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tar.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#define TYPEFLAG_AUTO		'\0'
+#define TYPEFLAG_REG		'0'
+#define TYPEFLAG_LNK		'2'
+#define TYPEFLAG_DIR		'5'
+#define TYPEFLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER	'g'
+#define TYPEFLAG_EXT_HEADER	'x'
+
+struct ustar_header {
+	char name[100];		/*   0 */
+	char mode[8];		/* 100 */
+	char uid[8];		/* 108 */
+	char gid[8];		/* 116 */
+	char size[12];		/* 124 */
+	char mtime[12];		/* 136 */
+	char chksum[8];		/* 148 */
+	char typeflag[1];	/* 156 */
+	char linkname[100];	/* 157 */
+	char magic[6];		/* 257 */
+	char version[2];	/* 263 */
+	char uname[32];		/* 265 */
+	char gname[32];		/* 297 */
+	char devmajor[8];	/* 329 */
+	char devminor[8];	/* 337 */
+	char prefix[155];	/* 345 */
+};
diff --git a/templates/.gitignore b/templates/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6759ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+blt
+boilerplates.made
diff --git a/templates/Makefile b/templates/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..408f013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# make and install sample templates
+
+ifndef V
+	QUIET = @
+endif
+
+INSTALL ?= install
+TAR ?= tar
+RM ?= rm -f
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+template_instdir ?= $(prefix)/share/git-core/templates
+# DESTDIR=
+
+# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+template_instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_instdir))
+
+all: boilerplates.made custom
+
+# Put templates that can be copied straight from the source
+# in a file direc--tory--file in the source.  They will be
+# just copied to the destination.
+
+bpsrc = $(filter-out %~,$(wildcard *--*))
+boilerplates.made : $(bpsrc)
+	$(QUIET)umask 022 && ls *--* 2>/dev/null | \
+	while read boilerplate; \
+	do \
+		case "$$boilerplate" in *~) continue ;; esac && \
+		dst=`echo "$$boilerplate" | sed -e 's|^this|.|;s|--|/|g'` && \
+		dir=`expr "$$dst" : '\(.*\)/'` && \
+		mkdir -p blt/$$dir && \
+		case "$$boilerplate" in \
+		*--) continue;; \
+		esac && \
+		cp $$boilerplate blt/$$dst && \
+		if test -x "blt/$$dst"; then rx=rx; else rx=r; fi && \
+		chmod a+$$rx "blt/$$dst" || exit; \
+	done && \
+	date >$@
+
+# If you need build-tailored templates, build them into blt/
+# directory yourself here.
+custom:
+	$(QUIET): no custom templates yet
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r blt boilerplates.made
+
+install: all
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(template_instdir_SQ)'
+	(cd blt && $(TAR) cf - .) | \
+	(cd '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(template_instdir_SQ)' && umask 022 && $(TAR) xof -)
diff --git a/templates/branches-- b/templates/branches--
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae8870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/branches--
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+: this is just to ensure the directory exists.
diff --git a/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample b/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8b2a2fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--applypatch-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to check the commit log message taken by
+# applypatch from an e-mail message.
+#
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an
+# appropriate message if it wants to stop the commit.  The hook is
+# allowed to edit the commit message file.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "applypatch-msg".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/commit-msg" &&
+	exec "$GIT_DIR/hooks/commit-msg" ${1+"$@"}
+:
diff --git a/templates/hooks--commit-msg.sample b/templates/hooks--commit-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6ef1d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--commit-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to check the commit log message.
+# Called by git-commit with one argument, the name of the file
+# that has the commit message.  The hook should exit with non-zero
+# status after issuing an appropriate message if it wants to stop the
+# commit.  The hook is allowed to edit the commit message file.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "commit-msg".
+
+# Uncomment the below to add a Signed-off-by line to the message.
+# Doing this in a hook is a bad idea in general, but the prepare-commit-msg
+# hook is more suited to it.
+#
+# SOB=$(git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
+# grep -qs "^$SOB" "$1" || echo "$SOB" >> "$1"
+
+# This example catches duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
+
+test "" = "$(grep '^Signed-off-by: ' "$1" |
+	 sort | uniq -c | sed -e '/^[ 	]*1[ 	]/d')" || {
+	echo >&2 Duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
+	exit 1
+}
diff --git a/templates/hooks--post-commit.sample b/templates/hooks--post-commit.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2266821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--post-commit.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script that is called after a successful
+# commit is made.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "post-commit".
+
+: Nothing
diff --git a/templates/hooks--post-receive.sample b/templates/hooks--post-receive.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7a83e17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--post-receive.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script for the "post-receive" event.
+#
+# The "post-receive" script is run after receive-pack has accepted a pack
+# and the repository has been updated.  It is passed arguments in through
+# stdin in the form
+#  <oldrev> <newrev> <refname>
+# For example:
+#  aa453216d1b3e49e7f6f98441fa56946ddcd6a20 68f7abf4e6f922807889f52bc043ecd31b79f814 refs/heads/master
+#
+# see contrib/hooks/ for a sample, or uncomment the next line and
+# rename the file to "post-receive".
+
+#. /usr/share/doc/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
diff --git a/templates/hooks--post-update.sample b/templates/hooks--post-update.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5323b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--post-update.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to prepare a packed repository for use over
+# dumb transports.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "post-update".
+
+exec git-update-server-info
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b1f187c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-applypatch.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed
+# by applypatch from an e-mail message.
+#
+# The hook should exit with non-zero status after issuing an
+# appropriate message if it wants to stop the commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-applypatch".
+
+. git-sh-setup
+test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit" &&
+	exec "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-commit" ${1+"$@"}
+:
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..439eefd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be committed.
+# Called by git-commit with no arguments.  The hook should
+# exit with non-zero status after issuing an appropriate message if
+# it wants to stop the commit.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "pre-commit".
+
+if git-rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	against=HEAD
+else
+	# Initial commit: diff against an empty tree object
+	against=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+fi
+
+# If you want to allow non-ascii filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config hooks.allownonascii)
+
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ascii filenames; prevent
+# them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
+# printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
+if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
+	# Note that the use of brackets around a tr range is ok here, (it's
+	# even required, for portability to Solaris 10's /usr/bin/tr), since
+	# the square bracket bytes happen to fall in the designated range.
+	test "$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
+	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0')"
+then
+	echo "Error: Attempt to add a non-ascii file name."
+	echo
+	echo "This can cause problems if you want to work"
+	echo "with people on other platforms."
+	echo
+	echo "To be portable it is advisable to rename the file ..."
+	echo
+	echo "If you know what you are doing you can disable this"
+	echo "check using:"
+	echo
+	echo "  git config hooks.allownonascii true"
+	echo
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exec git diff-index --check --cached $against --
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-rebase.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-rebase.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..be1b06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-rebase.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, 2008 Junio C Hamano
+#
+# The "pre-rebase" hook is run just before "git-rebase" starts doing
+# its job, and can prevent the command from running by exiting with
+# non-zero status.
+#
+# The hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- the upstream the series was forked from.
+# $2 -- the branch being rebased (or empty when rebasing the current branch).
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent topic branches that are already
+# merged to 'next' branch from getting rebased, because allowing it
+# would result in rebasing already published history.
+
+publish=next
+basebranch="$1"
+if test "$#" = 2
+then
+	topic="refs/heads/$2"
+else
+	topic=`git symbolic-ref HEAD` ||
+	exit 0 ;# we do not interrupt rebasing detached HEAD
+fi
+
+case "$topic" in
+refs/heads/??/*)
+	;;
+*)
+	exit 0 ;# we do not interrupt others.
+	;;
+esac
+
+# Now we are dealing with a topic branch being rebased
+# on top of master.  Is it OK to rebase it?
+
+# Does the topic really exist?
+git show-ref -q "$topic" || {
+	echo >&2 "No such branch $topic"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Is topic fully merged to master?
+not_in_master=`git-rev-list --pretty=oneline ^master "$topic"`
+if test -z "$not_in_master"
+then
+	echo >&2 "$topic is fully merged to master; better remove it."
+	exit 1 ;# we could allow it, but there is no point.
+fi
+
+# Is topic ever merged to next?  If so you should not be rebasing it.
+only_next_1=`git-rev-list ^master "^$topic" ${publish} | sort`
+only_next_2=`git-rev-list ^master           ${publish} | sort`
+if test "$only_next_1" = "$only_next_2"
+then
+	not_in_topic=`git-rev-list "^$topic" master`
+	if test -z "$not_in_topic"
+	then
+		echo >&2 "$topic is already up-to-date with master"
+		exit 1 ;# we could allow it, but there is no point.
+	else
+		exit 0
+	fi
+else
+	not_in_next=`git-rev-list --pretty=oneline ^${publish} "$topic"`
+	perl -e '
+		my $topic = $ARGV[0];
+		my $msg = "* $topic has commits already merged to public branch:\n";
+		my (%not_in_next) = map {
+			/^([0-9a-f]+) /;
+			($1 => 1);
+		} split(/\n/, $ARGV[1]);
+		for my $elem (map {
+				/^([0-9a-f]+) (.*)$/;
+				[$1 => $2];
+			} split(/\n/, $ARGV[2])) {
+			if (!exists $not_in_next{$elem->[0]}) {
+				if ($msg) {
+					print STDERR $msg;
+					undef $msg;
+				}
+				print STDERR " $elem->[1]\n";
+			}
+		}
+	' "$topic" "$not_in_next" "$not_in_master"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit 0
+
+################################################################
+
+This sample hook safeguards topic branches that have been
+published from being rewound.
+
+The workflow assumed here is:
+
+ * Once a topic branch forks from "master", "master" is never
+   merged into it again (either directly or indirectly).
+
+ * Once a topic branch is fully cooked and merged into "master",
+   it is deleted.  If you need to build on top of it to correct
+   earlier mistakes, a new topic branch is created by forking at
+   the tip of the "master".  This is not strictly necessary, but
+   it makes it easier to keep your history simple.
+
+ * Whenever you need to test or publish your changes to topic
+   branches, merge them into "next" branch.
+
+The script, being an example, hardcodes the publish branch name
+to be "next", but it is trivial to make it configurable via
+$GIT_DIR/config mechanism.
+
+With this workflow, you would want to know:
+
+(1) ... if a topic branch has ever been merged to "next".  Young
+    topic branches can have stupid mistakes you would rather
+    clean up before publishing, and things that have not been
+    merged into other branches can be easily rebased without
+    affecting other people.  But once it is published, you would
+    not want to rewind it.
+
+(2) ... if a topic branch has been fully merged to "master".
+    Then you can delete it.  More importantly, you should not
+    build on top of it -- other people may already want to
+    change things related to the topic as patches against your
+    "master", so if you need further changes, it is better to
+    fork the topic (perhaps with the same name) afresh from the
+    tip of "master".
+
+Let's look at this example:
+
+		   o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o "next"
+		  /       /           /           /
+		 /   a---a---b A     /           /
+		/   /               /           /
+	       /   /   c---c---c---c B         /
+	      /   /   /             \         /
+	     /   /   /   b---b C     \       /
+	    /   /   /   /             \     /
+    ---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o "master"
+
+
+A, B and C are topic branches.
+
+ * A has one fix since it was merged up to "next".
+
+ * B has finished.  It has been fully merged up to "master" and "next",
+   and is ready to be deleted.
+
+ * C has not merged to "next" at all.
+
+We would want to allow C to be rebased, refuse A, and encourage
+B to be deleted.
+
+To compute (1):
+
+	git-rev-list ^master ^topic next
+	git-rev-list ^master        next
+
+	if these match, topic has not merged in next at all.
+
+To compute (2):
+
+	git-rev-list master..topic
+
+	if this is empty, it is fully merged to "master".
diff --git a/templates/hooks--prepare-commit-msg.sample b/templates/hooks--prepare-commit-msg.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3652424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--prepare-commit-msg.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to prepare the commit log message.
+# Called by git-commit with the name of the file that has the
+# commit message, followed by the description of the commit
+# message's source.  The hook's purpose is to edit the commit
+# message file.  If the hook fails with a non-zero status,
+# the commit is aborted.
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "prepare-commit-msg".
+
+# This hook includes three examples.  The first comments out the
+# "Conflicts:" part of a merge commit.
+#
+# The second includes the output of "git diff --name-status -r"
+# into the message, just before the "git status" output.  It is
+# commented because it doesn't cope with --amend or with squashed
+# commits.
+#
+# The third example adds a Signed-off-by line to the message, that can
+# still be edited.  This is rarely a good idea.
+
+case "$2,$3" in
+  merge,)
+    perl -i.bak -ne 's/^/# /, s/^# #/#/ if /^Conflicts/ .. /#/; print' "$1" ;;
+
+# ,|template,)
+#   perl -i.bak -pe '
+#      print "\n" . `git diff --cached --name-status -r`
+#	 if /^#/ && $first++ == 0' "$1" ;;
+
+  *) ;;
+esac
+
+# SOB=$(git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
+# grep -qs "^$SOB" "$1" || echo "$SOB" >> "$1"
diff --git a/templates/hooks--update.sample b/templates/hooks--update.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fd63b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--update.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# An example hook script to blocks unannotated tags from entering.
+# Called by git-receive-pack with arguments: refname sha1-old sha1-new
+#
+# To enable this hook, rename this file to "update".
+#
+# Config
+# ------
+# hooks.allowunannotated
+#   This boolean sets whether unannotated tags will be allowed into the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.allowdeletetag
+#   This boolean sets whether deleting tags will be allowed in the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.allowmodifytag
+#   This boolean sets whether a tag may be modified after creation. By default
+#   it won't be.
+# hooks.allowdeletebranch
+#   This boolean sets whether deleting branches will be allowed in the
+#   repository.  By default they won't be.
+# hooks.denycreatebranch
+#   This boolean sets whether remotely creating branches will be denied
+#   in the repository.  By default this is allowed.
+#
+
+# --- Command line
+refname="$1"
+oldrev="$2"
+newrev="$3"
+
+# --- Safety check
+if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
+	echo "Don't run this script from the command line." >&2
+	echo " (if you want, you could supply GIT_DIR then run" >&2
+	echo "  $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>)" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
+	echo "Usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# --- Config
+allowunannotated=$(git config --bool hooks.allowunannotated)
+allowdeletebranch=$(git config --bool hooks.allowdeletebranch)
+denycreatebranch=$(git config --bool hooks.denycreatebranch)
+allowdeletetag=$(git config --bool hooks.allowdeletetag)
+allowmodifytag=$(git config --bool hooks.allowmodifytag)
+
+# check for no description
+projectdesc=$(sed -e '1q' "$GIT_DIR/description")
+case "$projectdesc" in
+"Unnamed repository"* | "")
+	echo "*** Project description file hasn't been set" >&2
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
+# --- Check types
+# if $newrev is 0000...0000, it's a commit to delete a ref.
+zero="0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+if [ "$newrev" = "$zero" ]; then
+	newrev_type=delete
+else
+	newrev_type=$(git-cat-file -t $newrev)
+fi
+
+case "$refname","$newrev_type" in
+	refs/tags/*,commit)
+		# un-annotated tag
+		short_refname=${refname##refs/tags/}
+		if [ "$allowunannotated" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** The un-annotated tag, $short_refname, is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			echo "*** Use 'git tag [ -a | -s ]' for tags you want to propagate." >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/tags/*,delete)
+		# delete tag
+		if [ "$allowdeletetag" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a tag is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/tags/*,tag)
+		# annotated tag
+		if [ "$allowmodifytag" != "true" ] && git rev-parse $refname > /dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			echo "*** Tag '$refname' already exists." >&2
+			echo "*** Modifying a tag is not allowed in this repository." >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/heads/*,commit)
+		# branch
+		if [ "$oldrev" = "$zero" -a "$denycreatebranch" = "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Creating a branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/heads/*,delete)
+		# delete branch
+		if [ "$allowdeletebranch" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	refs/remotes/*,commit)
+		# tracking branch
+		;;
+	refs/remotes/*,delete)
+		# delete tracking branch
+		if [ "$allowdeletebranch" != "true" ]; then
+			echo "*** Deleting a tracking branch is not allowed in this repository" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+	*)
+		# Anything else (is there anything else?)
+		echo "*** Update hook: unknown type of update to ref $refname of type $newrev_type" >&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
+
+# --- Finished
+exit 0
diff --git a/templates/info--exclude b/templates/info--exclude
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c87b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/info--exclude
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# git-ls-files --others --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
+# Lines that start with '#' are comments.
+# For a project mostly in C, the following would be a good set of
+# exclude patterns (uncomment them if you want to use them):
+# *.[oa]
+# *~
diff --git a/templates/this--description b/templates/this--description
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..498b267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/this--description
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Unnamed repository; edit this file 'description' to name the repository.
diff --git a/test-chmtime.c b/test-chmtime.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe476cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-chmtime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * This program can either change modification time of the given
+ * file(s) or just print it. The program does not change atime nor
+ * ctime (their values are explicitely preserved).
+ *
+ * The mtime can be changed to an absolute value:
+ *
+ *	test-chmtime =<seconds> file...
+ *
+ * Relative to the current time as returned by time(3):
+ *
+ *	test-chmtime =+<seconds> (or =-<seconds>) file...
+ *
+ * Or relative to the current mtime of the file:
+ *
+ *	test-chmtime <seconds> file...
+ *	test-chmtime +<seconds> (or -<seconds>) file...
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ * To just print the mtime use --verbose and set the file mtime offset to 0:
+ *
+ *	test-chmtime -v +0 file
+ *
+ * To set the mtime to current time:
+ *
+ *	test-chmtime =+0 file
+ *
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include <utime.h>
+
+static const char usage_str[] = "-v|--verbose (+|=|=+|=-|-)<seconds> <file>...";
+
+static int timespec_arg(const char *arg, long int *set_time, int *set_eq)
+{
+	char *test;
+	const char *timespec = arg;
+	*set_eq = (*timespec == '=') ? 1 : 0;
+	if (*set_eq) {
+		timespec++;
+		if (*timespec == '+') {
+			*set_eq = 2; /* relative "in the future" */
+			timespec++;
+		}
+	}
+	*set_time = strtol(timespec, &test, 10);
+	if (*test) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Not a base-10 integer: %s\n", arg + 1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if ((*set_eq && *set_time < 0) || *set_eq == 2) {
+		time_t now = time(NULL);
+		*set_time += now;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+{
+	static int verbose;
+
+	int i = 1;
+	/* no mtime change by default */
+	int set_eq = 0;
+	long int set_time = 0;
+
+	if (argc < 3)
+		goto usage;
+
+	if (strcmp(argv[i], "--verbose") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-v") == 0) {
+		verbose = 1;
+		++i;
+	}
+	if (timespec_arg(argv[i], &set_time, &set_eq))
+		++i;
+	else
+		goto usage;
+
+	for (; i < argc; i++) {
+		struct stat sb;
+		struct utimbuf utb;
+
+		if (stat(argv[i], &sb) < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n",
+			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+		if (!(sb.st_mode & S_IWUSR) &&
+				chmod(argv[i], sb.st_mode | S_IWUSR)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not make user-writable %s: %s",
+				argv[i], strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		utb.actime = sb.st_atime;
+		utb.modtime = set_eq ? set_time : sb.st_mtime + set_time;
+
+		if (verbose) {
+			uintmax_t mtime = utb.modtime < 0 ? 0: utb.modtime;
+			printf("%"PRIuMAX"\t%s\n", mtime, argv[i]);
+		}
+
+		if (utb.modtime != sb.st_mtime && utime(argv[i], &utb) < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to modify time on %s: %s\n",
+			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+usage:
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/test-ctype.c b/test-ctype.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..033c749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-ctype.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+
+static int test_isdigit(int c)
+{
+	return isdigit(c);
+}
+
+static int test_isspace(int c)
+{
+	return isspace(c);
+}
+
+static int test_isalpha(int c)
+{
+	return isalpha(c);
+}
+
+static int test_isalnum(int c)
+{
+	return isalnum(c);
+}
+
+static int test_is_glob_special(int c)
+{
+	return is_glob_special(c);
+}
+
+static int test_is_regex_special(int c)
+{
+	return is_regex_special(c);
+}
+
+#define DIGIT "0123456789"
+#define LOWER "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+#define UPPER "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+
+static const struct ctype_class {
+	const char *name;
+	int (*test_fn)(int);
+	const char *members;
+} classes[] = {
+	{ "isdigit", test_isdigit, DIGIT },
+	{ "isspace", test_isspace, " \n\r\t" },
+	{ "isalpha", test_isalpha, LOWER UPPER },
+	{ "isalnum", test_isalnum, LOWER UPPER DIGIT },
+	{ "is_glob_special", test_is_glob_special, "*?[\\" },
+	{ "is_regex_special", test_is_regex_special, "$()*+.?[\\^{|" },
+	{ NULL }
+};
+
+static int test_class(const struct ctype_class *test)
+{
+	int i, rc = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		int expected = i ? !!strchr(test->members, i) : 0;
+		int actual = test->test_fn(i);
+
+		if (actual != expected) {
+			rc = 1;
+			printf("%s classifies char %d (0x%02x) wrongly\n",
+			       test->name, i, i);
+		}
+	}
+	return rc;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const struct ctype_class *test;
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	for (test = classes; test->name; test++)
+		rc |= test_class(test);
+
+	return rc;
+}
diff --git a/test-date.c b/test-date.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9e705f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-date.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
+"  test-date show [time_t]...\n"
+"  test-date parse [date]...\n"
+"  test-date approxidate [date]...\n";
+
+static void show_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		time_t t = atoi(*argv);
+		show_date_relative(t, 0, now, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, buf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
+{
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		char result[100];
+		time_t t;
+
+		result[0] = 0;
+		parse_date(*argv, result, sizeof(result));
+		t = strtoul(result, NULL, 0);
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv,
+			t ? show_date(t, 0, DATE_ISO8601) : "bad");
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_approxidate(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
+{
+	for (; *argv; argv++) {
+		time_t t;
+		t = approxidate_relative(*argv, now);
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, show_date(t, 0, DATE_ISO8601));
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct timeval now;
+	const char *x;
+
+	x = getenv("TEST_DATE_NOW");
+	if (x) {
+		now.tv_sec = atoi(x);
+		now.tv_usec = 0;
+	}
+	else
+		gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+
+	argv++;
+	if (!*argv)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	if (!strcmp(*argv, "show"))
+		show_dates(argv+1, &now);
+	else if (!strcmp(*argv, "parse"))
+		parse_dates(argv+1, &now);
+	else if (!strcmp(*argv, "approxidate"))
+		parse_approxidate(argv+1, &now);
+	else
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-delta.c b/test-delta.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af40a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-delta.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * test-delta.c: test code to exercise diff-delta.c and patch-delta.c
+ *
+ * (C) 2005 Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "delta.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+
+static const char usage_str[] =
+	"test-delta (-d|-p) <from_file> <data_file> <out_file>";
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct stat st;
+	void *from_buf, *data_buf, *out_buf;
+	unsigned long from_size, data_size, out_size;
+
+	if (argc != 5 || (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") && strcmp(argv[1], "-p"))) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s\n", usage_str);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	fd = open(argv[2], O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &st)) {
+		perror(argv[2]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	from_size = st.st_size;
+	from_buf = mmap(NULL, from_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	if (from_buf == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror(argv[2]);
+		close(fd);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+
+	fd = open(argv[3], O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &st)) {
+		perror(argv[3]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	data_size = st.st_size;
+	data_buf = mmap(NULL, data_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	if (data_buf == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror(argv[3]);
+		close(fd);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+
+	if (argv[1][1] == 'd')
+		out_buf = diff_delta(from_buf, from_size,
+				     data_buf, data_size,
+				     &out_size, 0);
+	else
+		out_buf = patch_delta(from_buf, from_size,
+				      data_buf, data_size,
+				      &out_size);
+	if (!out_buf) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "delta operation failed (returned NULL)\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	fd = open (argv[4], O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0 || write_in_full(fd, out_buf, out_size) != out_size) {
+		perror(argv[4]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-dump-cache-tree.c b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f73f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+
+
+static void dump_one(struct cache_tree *it, const char *pfx, const char *x)
+{
+	if (it->entry_count < 0)
+		printf("%-40s %s%s (%d subtrees)\n",
+		       "invalid", x, pfx, it->subtree_nr);
+	else
+		printf("%s %s%s (%d entries, %d subtrees)\n",
+		       sha1_to_hex(it->sha1), x, pfx,
+		       it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr);
+}
+
+static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
+			   struct cache_tree *ref,
+			   const char *pfx)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+
+	if (!it || !ref)
+		/* missing in either */
+		return 0;
+
+	if (it->entry_count < 0) {
+		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
+		dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");
+		if (it->subtree_nr != ref->subtree_nr)
+			errs = 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
+		if (hashcmp(it->sha1, ref->sha1) ||
+		    ref->entry_count != it->entry_count ||
+		    ref->subtree_nr != it->subtree_nr) {
+			dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");
+			errs = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
+		char path[PATH_MAX];
+		struct cache_tree_sub *down = it->down[i];
+		struct cache_tree_sub *rdwn;
+
+		rdwn = cache_tree_sub(ref, down->name);
+		sprintf(path, "%s%.*s/", pfx, down->namelen, down->name);
+		if (dump_cache_tree(down->cache_tree, rdwn->cache_tree, path))
+			errs = 1;
+	}
+	return errs;
+}
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct cache_tree *another = cache_tree();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("unable to read index file");
+	cache_tree_update(another, active_cache, active_nr, 0, 1);
+	return dump_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, another, "");
+}
diff --git a/test-genrandom.c b/test-genrandom.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3c28d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-genrandom.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Simple random data generator used to create reproducible test files.
+ * This is inspired from POSIX.1-2001 implementation example for rand().
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 by Nicolas Pitre, licensed under the GPL version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	unsigned long count, next = 0;
+	unsigned char *c;
+
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	c = (unsigned char *) argv[1];
+	do {
+		next = next * 11 + *c;
+	} while (*c++);
+
+	count = (argc == 3) ? strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0) : -1L;
+
+	while (count--) {
+		next = next * 1103515245 + 12345;
+		if (putchar((next >> 16) & 0xff) == EOF)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-index-version.c b/test-index-version.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfaad9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-index-version.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct cache_header hdr;
+	int version;
+
+	memset(&hdr,0,sizeof(hdr));
+	if (read(0, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != sizeof(hdr))
+		return 0;
+	version = ntohl(hdr.hdr_version);
+	printf("%d\n", version);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-match-trees.c b/test-match-trees.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3c4688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-match-trees.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	unsigned char hash1[20], hash2[20], shifted[20];
+	struct tree *one, *two;
+
+	if (get_sha1(av[1], hash1))
+		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[1]);
+	if (get_sha1(av[2], hash2))
+		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
+	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1);
+	if (!one)
+		die("not a treeish %s", av[1]);
+	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2);
+	if (!two)
+		die("not a treeish %s", av[2]);
+
+	shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, -1);
+	printf("shifted: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(shifted));
+
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/test-parse-options.c b/test-parse-options.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acd1a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-parse-options.c
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int boolean = 0;
+static int integer = 0;
+static unsigned long timestamp;
+static int abbrev = 7;
+static int verbose = 0, dry_run = 0, quiet = 0;
+static char *string = NULL;
+static char *file = NULL;
+static int ambiguous;
+
+static int length_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	printf("Callback: \"%s\", %d\n",
+		(arg ? arg : "not set"), unset);
+	if (unset)
+		return 1; /* do not support unset */
+
+	*(int *)opt->value = strlen(arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int number_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	*(int *)opt->value = strtol(arg, NULL, 10);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
+	const char *usage[] = {
+		"test-parse-options <options>",
+		NULL
+	};
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "boolean", &boolean, "get a boolean"),
+		OPT_BIT('4', "or4", &boolean,
+			"bitwise-or boolean with ...0100", 4),
+		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "neg-or4", &boolean, "same as --no-or4", 4),
+		OPT_GROUP(""),
+		OPT_INTEGER('i', "integer", &integer, "get a integer"),
+		OPT_INTEGER('j', NULL, &integer, "get a integer, too"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "set23", &integer, "set integer to 23", 23),
+		OPT_DATE('t', NULL, &timestamp, "get timestamp of <time>"),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', "length", &integer, "str",
+			"get length of <str>", length_callback),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &file, "set file to <FILE>"),
+		OPT_GROUP("String options"),
+		OPT_STRING('s', "string", &string, "string", "get a string"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "string2", &string, "str", "get another string"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "st", &string, "st", "get another string (pervert ordering)"),
+		OPT_STRING('o', NULL, &string, "str", "get another string"),
+		OPT_SET_PTR(0, "default-string", &string,
+			"set string to default", (unsigned long)"default"),
+		OPT_GROUP("Magic arguments"),
+		OPT_ARGUMENT("quux", "means --quux"),
+		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&integer, "set integer to NUM",
+			number_callback),
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, '+', NULL, &boolean, NULL, "same as -b",
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH },
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "ambiguous", &ambiguous, NULL,
+		  "positive ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "no-ambiguous", &ambiguous, NULL,
+		  "negative ambiguity", PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		OPT_GROUP("Standard options"),
+		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet),
+		OPT_END(),
+	};
+	int i;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+
+	printf("boolean: %d\n", boolean);
+	printf("integer: %u\n", integer);
+	printf("timestamp: %lu\n", timestamp);
+	printf("string: %s\n", string ? string : "(not set)");
+	printf("abbrev: %d\n", abbrev);
+	printf("verbose: %d\n", verbose);
+	printf("quiet: %s\n", quiet ? "yes" : "no");
+	printf("dry run: %s\n", dry_run ? "yes" : "no");
+	printf("file: %s\n", file ? file : "(not set)");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		printf("arg %02d: %s\n", i, argv[i]);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-path-utils.c b/test-path-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d261398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-path-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "normalize_path_copy")) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
+		int rv = normalize_path_copy(buf, argv[2]);
+		if (rv)
+			buf = "++failed++";
+		puts(buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc >= 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "make_absolute_path")) {
+		while (argc > 2) {
+			puts(make_absolute_path(argv[2]));
+			argc--;
+			argv++;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
+		int len = longest_ancestor_length(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		printf("%d\n", len);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "strip_path_suffix")) {
+		char *prefix = strip_path_suffix(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		printf("%s\n", prefix ? prefix : "(null)");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
+		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-run-command.c b/test-run-command.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0612bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-run-command.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * test-run-command.c: test run command API.
+ *
+ * (C) 2009 Ilari Liusvaara <ilari.liusvaara@elisanet.fi>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct child_process proc;
+
+	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
+
+	if (argc < 3)
+		return 1;
+	proc.argv = (const char **)argv+2;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start-command-ENOENT")) {
+		if (start_command(&proc) < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		fprintf(stderr, "FAIL %s\n", argv[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "check usage\n");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-sha1.c b/test-sha1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80daba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-sha1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned bufsz = 8192;
+	char *buffer;
+
+	if (ac == 2)
+		bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+
+	if (!bufsz)
+		bufsz = 8192;
+
+	while ((buffer = malloc(bufsz)) == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "bufsz %u is too big, halving...\n", bufsz);
+		bufsz /= 2;
+		if (bufsz < 1024)
+			die("OOPS");
+	}
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+
+	while (1) {
+		ssize_t sz, this_sz;
+		char *cp = buffer;
+		unsigned room = bufsz;
+		this_sz = 0;
+		while (room) {
+			sz = xread(0, cp, room);
+			if (sz == 0)
+				break;
+			if (sz < 0)
+				die_errno("test-sha1");
+			this_sz += sz;
+			cp += sz;
+			room -= sz;
+		}
+		if (this_sz == 0)
+			break;
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, this_sz);
+	}
+	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
+	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/test-sha1.sh b/test-sha1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0f0bc5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-sha1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=100 2>/dev/null |
+/usr/bin/time ./test-sha1 >/dev/null
+
+while read expect cnt pfx
+do
+	case "$expect" in '#'*) continue ;; esac
+	actual=`
+		{
+			test -z "$pfx" || echo "$pfx"
+			dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=$cnt 2>/dev/null |
+			perl -pe 'y/\000/g/'
+		} | ./test-sha1 $cnt
+	`
+	if test "$expect" = "$actual"
+	then
+		echo "OK: $expect $cnt $pfx"
+	else
+		echo >&2 "OOPS: $cnt"
+		echo >&2 "expect: $expect"
+		echo >&2 "actual: $actual"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+done <<EOF
+da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 0
+3f786850e387550fdab836ed7e6dc881de23001b 0 a
+5277cbb45a15902137d332d97e89cf8136545485 0 ab
+03cfd743661f07975fa2f1220c5194cbaff48451 0 abc
+3330b4373640f9e4604991e73c7e86bfd8da2dc3 0 abcd
+ec11312386ad561674f724b8cca7cf1796e26d1d 0 abcde
+bdc37c074ec4ee6050d68bc133c6b912f36474df 0 abcdef
+69bca99b923859f2dc486b55b87f49689b7358c7 0 abcdefg
+e414af7161c9554089f4106d6f1797ef14a73666 0 abcdefgh
+0707f2970043f9f7c22029482db27733deaec029 0 abcdefghi
+a4dd8aa74a5636728fe52451636e2e17726033aa 1
+9986b45e2f4d7086372533bb6953a8652fa3644a 1 frotz
+23d8d4f788e8526b4877548a32577543cbaaf51f 10
+8cd23f822ab44c7f481b8c92d591f6d1fcad431c 10 frotz
+f3b5604a4e604899c1233edb3bf1cc0ede4d8c32 512
+b095bd837a371593048136e429e9ac4b476e1bb3 512 frotz
+08fa81d6190948de5ccca3966340cc48c10cceac 1200 xyzzy
+e33a291f42c30a159733dd98b8b3e4ff34158ca0 4090 4G
+#a3bf783bc20caa958f6cb24dd140a7b21984838d 9999 nitfol
+EOF
+
+exit
+
+# generating test vectors
+# inputs are number of megabytes followed by some random string to prefix.
+
+while read cnt pfx
+do
+	actual=`
+		{
+			test -z "$pfx" || echo "$pfx"
+			dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=$cnt 2>/dev/null |
+			perl -pe 'y/\000/g/'
+		} | sha1sum |
+		sed -e 's/ .*//'
+	`
+	echo "$actual $cnt $pfx"
+done <<EOF
+0
+0 a
+0 ab
+0 abc
+0 abcd
+0 abcde
+0 abcdef
+0 abcdefg
+0 abcdefgh
+0 abcdefghi
+1
+1 frotz
+10
+10 frotz
+512
+512 frotz
+1200 xyzzy
+4090 4G
+9999 nitfol
+EOF
diff --git a/test-sigchain.c b/test-sigchain.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42db234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-sigchain.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+
+#define X(f) \
+static void f(int sig) { \
+	puts(#f); \
+	fflush(stdout); \
+	sigchain_pop(sig); \
+	raise(sig); \
+}
+X(one)
+X(two)
+X(three)
+#undef X
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	sigchain_push(SIGTERM, one);
+	sigchain_push(SIGTERM, two);
+	sigchain_push(SIGTERM, three);
+	raise(SIGTERM);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/thread-utils.c b/thread-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f9c829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+#if defined(hpux) || defined(__hpux) || defined(_hpux)
+#  include <sys/pstat.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * By doing this in two steps we can at least get
+ * the function to be somewhat coherent, even
+ * with this disgusting nest of #ifdefs.
+ */
+#ifndef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
+#  ifdef _SC_NPROC_ONLN
+#    define _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN _SC_NPROC_ONLN
+#  elif defined _SC_CRAY_NCPU
+#    define _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN _SC_CRAY_NCPU
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+int online_cpus(void)
+{
+#ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
+	long ncpus;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	SYSTEM_INFO info;
+	GetSystemInfo(&info);
+
+	if ((int)info.dwNumberOfProcessors > 0)
+		return (int)info.dwNumberOfProcessors;
+#elif defined(hpux) || defined(__hpux) || defined(_hpux)
+	struct pst_dynamic psd;
+
+	if (!pstat_getdynamic(&psd, sizeof(psd), (size_t)1, 0))
+		return (int)psd.psd_proc_cnt;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
+	if ((ncpus = (long)sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)) > 0)
+		return (int)ncpus;
+#endif
+
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/thread-utils.h b/thread-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cce4b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef THREAD_COMPAT_H
+#define THREAD_COMPAT_H
+
+extern int online_cpus(void);
+
+#endif /* THREAD_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4229ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Michael R. Elkins <me@mutt.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2004 Oswald Buddenhagen <ossi@users.sf.net>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 Theodore Y. Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Mike McCormack
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Christian Couder
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+/* Get a trace file descriptor from GIT_TRACE env variable. */
+static int get_trace_fd(int *need_close)
+{
+	char *trace = getenv("GIT_TRACE");
+
+	if (!trace || !strcmp(trace, "") ||
+	    !strcmp(trace, "0") || !strcasecmp(trace, "false"))
+		return 0;
+	if (!strcmp(trace, "1") || !strcasecmp(trace, "true"))
+		return STDERR_FILENO;
+	if (strlen(trace) == 1 && isdigit(*trace))
+		return atoi(trace);
+	if (is_absolute_path(trace)) {
+		int fd = open(trace, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0666);
+		if (fd == -1) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"Could not open '%s' for tracing: %s\n"
+				"Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n",
+				trace, strerror(errno));
+			return STDERR_FILENO;
+		}
+		*need_close = 1;
+		return fd;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "What does '%s' for GIT_TRACE mean?\n", trace);
+	fprintf(stderr, "If you want to trace into a file, "
+		"then please set GIT_TRACE to an absolute pathname "
+		"(starting with /).\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n");
+
+	return STDERR_FILENO;
+}
+
+static const char err_msg[] = "Could not trace into fd given by "
+	"GIT_TRACE environment variable";
+
+void trace_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	va_list ap;
+	int fd, len, need_close = 0;
+
+	fd = get_trace_fd(&need_close);
+	if (!fd)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 64);
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(buf.buf, strbuf_avail(&buf), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (len >= strbuf_avail(&buf)) {
+		strbuf_grow(&buf, len - strbuf_avail(&buf) + 128);
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		len = vsnprintf(buf.buf, strbuf_avail(&buf), fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+		if (len >= strbuf_avail(&buf))
+			die("broken vsnprintf");
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&buf, len);
+
+	write_or_whine_pipe(fd, buf.buf, buf.len, err_msg);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	if (need_close)
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	va_list ap;
+	int fd, len, need_close = 0;
+
+	fd = get_trace_fd(&need_close);
+	if (!fd)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 64);
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	len = vsnprintf(buf.buf, strbuf_avail(&buf), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (len >= strbuf_avail(&buf)) {
+		strbuf_grow(&buf, len - strbuf_avail(&buf) + 128);
+		va_start(ap, fmt);
+		len = vsnprintf(buf.buf, strbuf_avail(&buf), fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+		if (len >= strbuf_avail(&buf))
+			die("broken vsnprintf");
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&buf, len);
+
+	sq_quote_argv(&buf, argv, 0);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	write_or_whine_pipe(fd, buf.buf, buf.len, err_msg);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	if (need_close)
+		close(fd);
+}
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1077428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+static int debug;
+
+struct helper_data
+{
+	const char *name;
+	struct child_process *helper;
+	FILE *out;
+	unsigned fetch : 1,
+		import : 1,
+		option : 1,
+		push : 1,
+		connect : 1,
+		no_disconnect_req : 1;
+	/* These go from remote name (as in "list") to private name */
+	struct refspec *refspecs;
+	int refspec_nr;
+	/* Transport options for fetch-pack/send-pack (should one of
+	 * those be invoked).
+	 */
+	struct git_transport_options transport_options;
+};
+
+static void sendline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+{
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: -> %s", buffer->buf);
+	if (write_in_full(helper->helper->in, buffer->buf, buffer->len)
+		!= buffer->len)
+		die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
+}
+
+static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(buffer);
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: Waiting...\n");
+	if (strbuf_getline(buffer, helper, '\n') == EOF) {
+		if (debug)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper quit.\n");
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: <- %s\n", buffer->buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int recvline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+{
+	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer);
+}
+
+static void xchgline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+{
+	sendline(helper, buffer);
+	recvline(helper, buffer);
+}
+
+static void write_constant(int fd, const char *str)
+{
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper: -> %s", str);
+	if (write_in_full(fd, str, strlen(str)) != strlen(str))
+		die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
+}
+
+const char *remove_ext_force(const char *url)
+{
+	if (url) {
+		const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
+		if (colon && colon[1] == ':')
+			return colon + 2;
+	}
+	return url;
+}
+
+static void do_take_over(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data;
+	data = (struct helper_data *)transport->data;
+	transport_take_over(transport, data->helper);
+	fclose(data->out);
+	free(data);
+}
+
+static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process *helper;
+	const char **refspecs = NULL;
+	int refspec_nr = 0;
+	int refspec_alloc = 0;
+	int duped;
+	int code;
+
+	if (data->helper)
+		return data->helper;
+
+	helper = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*helper));
+	helper->in = -1;
+	helper->out = -1;
+	helper->err = 0;
+	helper->argv = xcalloc(4, sizeof(*helper->argv));
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
+	helper->argv[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	helper->argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
+	helper->argv[2] = remove_ext_force(transport->url);
+	helper->git_cmd = 0;
+	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
+	code = start_command(helper);
+	if (code < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+		die("Unable to find remote helper for '%s'", data->name);
+	else if (code != 0)
+		exit(code);
+
+	data->helper = helper;
+	data->no_disconnect_req = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used.
+	 * Do this with duped fd because fclose() will close the fd,
+	 * and stuff like taking over will require the fd to remain.
+	 */
+	duped = dup(helper->out);
+	if (duped < 0)
+		die_errno("Can't dup helper output fd");
+	data->out = xfdopen(duped, "r");
+
+	write_constant(helper->in, "capabilities\n");
+
+	while (1) {
+		const char *capname;
+		int mandatory = 0;
+		recvline(data, &buf);
+
+		if (!*buf.buf)
+			break;
+
+		if (*buf.buf == '*') {
+			capname = buf.buf + 1;
+			mandatory = 1;
+		} else
+			capname = buf.buf;
+
+		if (debug)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Got cap %s\n", capname);
+		if (!strcmp(capname, "fetch"))
+			data->fetch = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "option"))
+			data->option = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "push"))
+			data->push = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "import"))
+			data->import = 1;
+		else if (!data->refspecs && !prefixcmp(capname, "refspec ")) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(refspecs,
+				   refspec_nr + 1,
+				   refspec_alloc);
+			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = strdup(buf.buf + strlen("refspec "));
+		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "connect")) {
+			data->connect = 1;
+		} else if (mandatory) {
+			die("Unknown madatory capability %s. This remote "
+			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.\n",
+			    capname);
+		}
+	}
+	if (refspecs) {
+		int i;
+		data->refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
+		data->refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspec_nr, refspecs);
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+			free((char *)refspecs[i]);
+		}
+		free(refspecs);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Capabilities complete.\n");
+	return data->helper;
+}
+
+static int disconnect_helper(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (data->helper) {
+		if (debug)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Disconnecting.\n");
+		if (!data->no_disconnect_req) {
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "\n");
+			sendline(data, &buf);
+		}
+		close(data->helper->in);
+		close(data->helper->out);
+		fclose(data->out);
+		finish_command(data->helper);
+		free((char *)data->helper->argv[0]);
+		free(data->helper->argv);
+		free(data->helper);
+		data->helper = NULL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *unsupported_options[] = {
+	TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
+	TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK,
+	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
+	TRANS_OPT_KEEP
+	};
+static const char *boolean_options[] = {
+	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
+	TRANS_OPT_KEEP,
+	TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS
+	};
+
+static int set_helper_option(struct transport *transport,
+			  const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, ret, is_bool = 0;
+
+	get_helper(transport);
+
+	if (!data->option)
+		return 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_options); i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(name, unsupported_options[i]))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(boolean_options); i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(name, boolean_options[i])) {
+			is_bool = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "option %s ", name);
+	if (is_bool)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, value ? "true" : "false");
+	else
+		quote_c_style(value, &buf, NULL, 0);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+	xchgline(data, &buf);
+
+	if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "ok"))
+		ret = 0;
+	else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "error")) {
+		ret = -1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "unsupported"))
+		ret = 1;
+	else {
+		warning("%s unexpectedly said: '%s'", data->name, buf.buf);
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void standard_options(struct transport *t)
+{
+	char buf[16];
+	int n;
+	int v = t->verbose;
+	int no_progress = v < 0 || (!t->progress && !isatty(2));
+
+	set_helper_option(t, "progress", !no_progress ? "true" : "false");
+
+	n = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", v + 1);
+	if (n >= sizeof(buf))
+		die("impossibly large verbosity value");
+	set_helper_option(t, "verbosity", buf);
+}
+
+static int release_helper(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	free_refspec(data->refspec_nr, data->refspecs);
+	data->refspecs = NULL;
+	disconnect_helper(transport);
+	free(transport->data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
+			    int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	standard_options(transport);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
+		const struct ref *posn = to_fetch[i];
+		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "fetch %s %s\n",
+			    sha1_to_hex(posn->old_sha1), posn->name);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	sendline(data, &buf);
+
+	while (1) {
+		recvline(data, &buf);
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "lock ")) {
+			const char *name = buf.buf + 5;
+			if (transport->pack_lockfile)
+				warning("%s also locked %s", data->name, name);
+			else
+				transport->pack_lockfile = xstrdup(name);
+		}
+		else if (!buf.len)
+			break;
+		else
+			warning("%s unexpectedly said: '%s'", data->name, buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_importer(struct transport *transport, struct child_process *fastimport)
+{
+	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
+	memset(fastimport, 0, sizeof(*fastimport));
+	fastimport->in = helper->out;
+	fastimport->argv = xcalloc(5, sizeof(*fastimport->argv));
+	fastimport->argv[0] = "fast-import";
+	fastimport->argv[1] = "--quiet";
+
+	fastimport->git_cmd = 1;
+	return start_command(fastimport);
+}
+
+static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
+			     int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct child_process fastimport;
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	int i;
+	struct ref *posn;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	get_helper(transport);
+
+	if (get_importer(transport, &fastimport))
+		die("Couldn't run fast-import");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
+		posn = to_fetch[i];
+		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "import %s\n", posn->name);
+		sendline(data, &buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+	disconnect_helper(transport);
+	finish_command(&fastimport);
+	free(fastimport.argv);
+	fastimport.argv = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
+		char *private;
+		posn = to_fetch[i];
+		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+			continue;
+		if (data->refspecs)
+			private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, posn->name);
+		else
+			private = strdup(posn->name);
+		read_ref(private, posn->old_sha1);
+		free(private);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_connect_service(struct transport *transport,
+				   const char *name, const char *exec)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct strbuf cmdbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process *helper;
+	int r, duped, ret = 0;
+	FILE *input;
+
+	helper = get_helper(transport);
+
+	/*
+	 * Yes, dup the pipe another time, as we need unbuffered version
+	 * of input pipe as FILE*. fclose() closes the underlying fd and
+	 * stream buffering only can be changed before first I/O operation
+	 * on it.
+	 */
+	duped = dup(helper->out);
+	if (duped < 0)
+		die_errno("Can't dup helper output fd");
+	input = xfdopen(duped, "r");
+	setvbuf(input, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Handle --upload-pack and friends. This is fire and forget...
+	 * just warn if it fails.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(name, exec)) {
+		r = set_helper_option(transport, "servpath", exec);
+		if (r > 0)
+			warning("Setting remote service path not supported by protocol.");
+		else if (r < 0)
+			warning("Invalid remote service path.");
+	}
+
+	if (data->connect)
+		strbuf_addf(&cmdbuf, "connect %s\n", name);
+	else
+		goto exit;
+
+	sendline(data, &cmdbuf);
+	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf);
+	if (!strcmp(cmdbuf.buf, "")) {
+		data->no_disconnect_req = 1;
+		if (debug)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Smart transport connection "
+				"ready.\n");
+		ret = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(cmdbuf.buf, "fallback")) {
+		if (debug)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Falling back to dumb "
+				"transport.\n");
+	} else
+		die("Unknown response to connect: %s",
+			cmdbuf.buf);
+
+exit:
+	fclose(input);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int process_connect(struct transport *transport,
+				     int for_push)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *exec;
+
+	name = for_push ? "git-receive-pack" : "git-upload-pack";
+	if (for_push)
+		exec = data->transport_options.receivepack;
+	else
+		exec = data->transport_options.uploadpack;
+
+	return process_connect_service(transport, name, exec);
+}
+
+static int connect_helper(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
+		   const char *exec, int fd[2])
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+
+	/* Get_helper so connect is inited. */
+	get_helper(transport);
+	if (!data->connect)
+		die("Operation not supported by protocol.");
+
+	if (!process_connect_service(transport, name, exec))
+		die("Can't connect to subservice %s.", name);
+
+	fd[0] = data->helper->out;
+	fd[1] = data->helper->in;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch(struct transport *transport,
+		 int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	int i, count;
+
+	if (process_connect(transport, 0)) {
+		do_take_over(transport);
+		return transport->fetch(transport, nr_heads, to_fetch);
+	}
+
+	count = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
+		if (!(to_fetch[i]->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE))
+			count++;
+
+	if (!count)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (data->fetch)
+		return fetch_with_fetch(transport, nr_heads, to_fetch);
+
+	if (data->import)
+		return fetch_with_import(transport, nr_heads, to_fetch);
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int push_refs(struct transport *transport,
+		struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
+{
+	int force_all = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE;
+	int mirror = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR;
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process *helper;
+	struct ref *ref;
+
+	if (process_connect(transport, 1)) {
+		do_take_over(transport);
+		return transport->push_refs(transport, remote_refs, flags);
+	}
+
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
+			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	helper = get_helper(transport);
+	if (!data->push)
+		return 1;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!ref->peer_ref && !mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			continue;
+		default:
+			; /* do nothing */
+		}
+
+		if (force_all)
+			ref->force = 1;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "push ");
+		if (!ref->deletion) {
+			if (ref->force)
+				strbuf_addch(&buf, '+');
+			if (ref->peer_ref)
+				strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->peer_ref->name);
+			else
+				strbuf_addstr(&buf, sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1));
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, ':');
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->name);
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+	if (buf.len == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	transport->verbose = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_VERBOSE ? 1 : 0;
+	standard_options(transport);
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", data->name);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	sendline(data, &buf);
+
+	ref = remote_refs;
+	while (1) {
+		char *refname, *msg;
+		int status;
+
+		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (!buf.len)
+			break;
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "ok ")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+			refname = buf.buf + 3;
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "error ")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
+			refname = buf.buf + 6;
+		} else
+			die("expected ok/error, helper said '%s'\n", buf.buf);
+
+		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
+		if (msg) {
+			struct strbuf msg_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			const char *end;
+
+			*msg++ = '\0';
+			if (!unquote_c_style(&msg_buf, msg, &end))
+				msg = strbuf_detach(&msg_buf, NULL);
+			else
+				msg = xstrdup(msg);
+			strbuf_release(&msg_buf);
+
+			if (!strcmp(msg, "no match")) {
+				status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
+				free(msg);
+				msg = NULL;
+			}
+			else if (!strcmp(msg, "up to date")) {
+				status = REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
+				free(msg);
+				msg = NULL;
+			}
+			else if (!strcmp(msg, "non-fast forward")) {
+				status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+				free(msg);
+				msg = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (ref)
+			ref = find_ref_by_name(ref, refname);
+		if (!ref)
+			ref = find_ref_by_name(remote_refs, refname);
+		if (!ref) {
+			warning("helper reported unexpected status of %s", refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE) {
+			/*
+			 * Earlier, the ref was marked not to be pushed, so ignore the ref
+			 * status reported by the remote helper if the latter is 'no match'.
+			 */
+			if (status == REF_STATUS_NONE)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		ref->status = status;
+		ref->remote_status = msg;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int has_attribute(const char *attrs, const char *attr) {
+	int len;
+	if (!attrs)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = strlen(attr);
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *space = strchrnul(attrs, ' ');
+		if (len == space - attrs && !strncmp(attrs, attr, len))
+			return 1;
+		if (!*space)
+			return 0;
+		attrs = space + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct child_process *helper;
+	struct ref *ret = NULL;
+	struct ref **tail = &ret;
+	struct ref *posn;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	helper = get_helper(transport);
+
+	if (process_connect(transport, for_push)) {
+		do_take_over(transport);
+		return transport->get_refs_list(transport, for_push);
+	}
+
+	if (data->push && for_push)
+		write_str_in_full(helper->in, "list for-push\n");
+	else
+		write_str_in_full(helper->in, "list\n");
+
+	while (1) {
+		char *eov, *eon;
+		recvline(data, &buf);
+
+		if (!*buf.buf)
+			break;
+
+		eov = strchr(buf.buf, ' ');
+		if (!eov)
+			die("Malformed response in ref list: %s", buf.buf);
+		eon = strchr(eov + 1, ' ');
+		*eov = '\0';
+		if (eon)
+			*eon = '\0';
+		*tail = alloc_ref(eov + 1);
+		if (buf.buf[0] == '@')
+			(*tail)->symref = xstrdup(buf.buf + 1);
+		else if (buf.buf[0] != '?')
+			get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, (*tail)->old_sha1);
+		if (eon) {
+			if (has_attribute(eon + 1, "unchanged")) {
+				(*tail)->status |= REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
+				read_ref((*tail)->name, (*tail)->old_sha1);
+			}
+		}
+		tail = &((*tail)->next);
+	}
+	if (debug)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Read ref listing.\n");
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	for (posn = ret; posn; posn = posn->next)
+		resolve_remote_symref(posn, ret);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name)
+{
+	struct helper_data *data = xcalloc(sizeof(*data), 1);
+	data->name = name;
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG"))
+		debug = 1;
+
+	transport->data = data;
+	transport->set_option = set_helper_option;
+	transport->get_refs_list = get_refs_list;
+	transport->fetch = fetch;
+	transport->push_refs = push_refs;
+	transport->disconnect = release_helper;
+	transport->connect = connect_helper;
+	transport->smart_options = &(data->transport_options);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3846aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1197 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
+#include "walker.h"
+#include "bundle.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "branch.h"
+
+/* rsync support */
+
+/*
+ * We copy packed-refs and refs/ into a temporary file, then read the
+ * loose refs recursively (sorting whenever possible), and then inserting
+ * those packed refs that are not yet in the list (not validating, but
+ * assuming that the file is sorted).
+ *
+ * Appears refactoring this from refs.c is too cumbersome.
+ */
+
+static int str_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const char *s1 = a;
+	const char *s2 = b;
+
+	return strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+
+/* path->buf + name_offset is expected to point to "refs/" */
+
+static int read_loose_refs(struct strbuf *path, int name_offset,
+		struct ref **tail)
+{
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	struct dirent *de;
+	struct {
+		char **entries;
+		int nr, alloc;
+	} list;
+	int i, pathlen;
+
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+
+	memset (&list, 0, sizeof(list));
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
+			continue;
+		ALLOC_GROW(list.entries, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
+		list.entries[list.nr++] = xstrdup(de->d_name);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	/* sort the list */
+
+	qsort(list.entries, list.nr, sizeof(char *), str_cmp);
+
+	pathlen = path->len;
+	strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++, strbuf_setlen(path, pathlen + 1)) {
+		strbuf_addstr(path, list.entries[i]);
+		if (read_loose_refs(path, name_offset, tail)) {
+			int fd = open(path->buf, O_RDONLY);
+			char buffer[40];
+			struct ref *next;
+
+			if (fd < 0)
+				continue;
+			next = alloc_ref(path->buf + name_offset);
+			if (read_in_full(fd, buffer, 40) != 40 ||
+					get_sha1_hex(buffer, next->old_sha1)) {
+				close(fd);
+				free(next);
+				continue;
+			}
+			close(fd);
+			(*tail)->next = next;
+			*tail = next;
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(path, pathlen);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
+		free(list.entries[i]);
+	free(list.entries);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* insert the packed refs for which no loose refs were found */
+
+static void insert_packed_refs(const char *packed_refs, struct ref **list)
+{
+	FILE *f = fopen(packed_refs, "r");
+	static char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (!f)
+		return;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int cmp = cmp, len;
+
+		if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f)) {
+			fclose(f);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (hexval(buffer[0]) > 0xf)
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(buffer);
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = '\0';
+		if (len < 41)
+			continue;
+		while ((*list)->next &&
+				(cmp = strcmp(buffer + 41,
+				      (*list)->next->name)) > 0)
+			list = &(*list)->next;
+		if (!(*list)->next || cmp < 0) {
+			struct ref *next = alloc_ref(buffer + 41);
+			buffer[40] = '\0';
+			if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, next->old_sha1)) {
+				warning ("invalid SHA-1: %s", buffer);
+				free(next);
+				continue;
+			}
+			next->next = (*list)->next;
+			(*list)->next = next;
+			list = &(*list)->next;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void set_upstreams(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs,
+	int pretend)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		const char *localname;
+		const char *tmp;
+		const char *remotename;
+		unsigned char sha[20];
+		int flag = 0;
+		/*
+		 * Check suitability for tracking. Must be successful /
+		 * already up-to-date ref create/modify (not delete).
+		 */
+		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK &&
+			ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+			continue;
+		if (!ref->peer_ref)
+			continue;
+		if (!ref->new_sha1 || is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Follow symbolic refs (mainly for HEAD). */
+		localname = ref->peer_ref->name;
+		remotename = ref->name;
+		tmp = resolve_ref(localname, sha, 1, &flag);
+		if (tmp && flag & REF_ISSYMREF &&
+			!prefixcmp(tmp, "refs/heads/"))
+			localname = tmp;
+
+		/* Both source and destination must be local branches. */
+		if (!localname || prefixcmp(localname, "refs/heads/"))
+			continue;
+		if (!remotename || prefixcmp(remotename, "refs/heads/"))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!pretend)
+			install_branch_config(BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE,
+				localname + 11, transport->remote->name,
+				remotename);
+		else
+			printf("Would set upstream of '%s' to '%s' of '%s'\n",
+				localname + 11, remotename + 11,
+				transport->remote->name);
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *rsync_url(const char *url)
+{
+	return prefixcmp(url, "rsync://") ? skip_prefix(url, "rsync:") : url;
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_refs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, temp_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref dummy = {0}, *tail = &dummy;
+	struct child_process rsync;
+	const char *args[5];
+	int temp_dir_len;
+
+	if (for_push)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* copy the refs to the temporary directory */
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, git_path("rsync-refs-XXXXXX"));
+	if (!mkdtemp(temp_dir.buf))
+		die_errno ("Could not make temporary directory");
+	temp_dir_len = temp_dir.len;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/refs");
+
+	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
+	rsync.argv = args;
+	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	args[0] = "rsync";
+	args[1] = (transport->verbose > 0) ? "-rv" : "-r";
+	args[2] = buf.buf;
+	args[3] = temp_dir.buf;
+	args[4] = NULL;
+
+	if (run_command(&rsync))
+		die ("Could not run rsync to get refs");
+
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/packed-refs");
+
+	args[2] = buf.buf;
+
+	if (run_command(&rsync))
+		die ("Could not run rsync to get refs");
+
+	/* read the copied refs */
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, "/refs");
+	read_loose_refs(&temp_dir, temp_dir_len + 1, &tail);
+	strbuf_setlen(&temp_dir, temp_dir_len);
+
+	tail = &dummy;
+	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, "/packed-refs");
+	insert_packed_refs(temp_dir.buf, &tail);
+	strbuf_setlen(&temp_dir, temp_dir_len);
+
+	if (remove_dir_recursively(&temp_dir, 0))
+		warning ("Error removing temporary directory %s.",
+				temp_dir.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&temp_dir);
+
+	return dummy.next;
+}
+
+static int fetch_objs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport,
+				int nr_objs, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process rsync;
+	const char *args[8];
+	int result;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/objects/");
+
+	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
+	rsync.argv = args;
+	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	args[0] = "rsync";
+	args[1] = (transport->verbose > 0) ? "-rv" : "-r";
+	args[2] = "--ignore-existing";
+	args[3] = "--exclude";
+	args[4] = "info";
+	args[5] = buf.buf;
+	args[6] = get_object_directory();
+	args[7] = NULL;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK: handle one level of alternates */
+	result = run_command(&rsync);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int write_one_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		int flags, void *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = data;
+	int len = buf->len;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	/* when called via for_each_ref(), flags is non-zero */
+	if (flags && prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
+			prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/"))
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, name);
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(buf->buf) ||
+			!(f = fopen(buf->buf, "w")) ||
+			fprintf(f, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1)) < 0 ||
+			fclose(f))
+		return error("problems writing temporary file %s", buf->buf);
+	strbuf_setlen(buf, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_refs_to_temp_dir(struct strbuf *temp_dir,
+		int refspec_nr, const char **refspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		char *ref;
+
+		if (dwim_ref(refspec[i], strlen(refspec[i]), sha1, &ref) != 1)
+			return error("Could not get ref %s", refspec[i]);
+
+		if (write_one_ref(ref, sha1, 0, temp_dir)) {
+			free(ref);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		free(ref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int rsync_transport_push(struct transport *transport,
+		int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, temp_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int result = 0, i;
+	struct child_process rsync;
+	const char *args[10];
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)
+		return error("rsync transport does not support mirror mode");
+
+	/* first push the objects */
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
+
+	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
+	rsync.argv = args;
+	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	i = 0;
+	args[i++] = "rsync";
+	args[i++] = "-a";
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN)
+		args[i++] = "--dry-run";
+	if (transport->verbose > 0)
+		args[i++] = "-v";
+	args[i++] = "--ignore-existing";
+	args[i++] = "--exclude";
+	args[i++] = "info";
+	args[i++] = get_object_directory();
+	args[i++] = buf.buf;
+	args[i++] = NULL;
+
+	if (run_command(&rsync))
+		return error("Could not push objects to %s",
+				rsync_url(transport->url));
+
+	/* copy the refs to the temporary directory; they could be packed. */
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&temp_dir, git_path("rsync-refs-XXXXXX"));
+	if (!mkdtemp(temp_dir.buf))
+		die_errno ("Could not make temporary directory");
+	strbuf_addch(&temp_dir, '/');
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL) {
+		if (for_each_ref(write_one_ref, &temp_dir))
+			return -1;
+	} else if (write_refs_to_temp_dir(&temp_dir, refspec_nr, refspec))
+		return -1;
+
+	i = 2;
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN)
+		args[i++] = "--dry-run";
+	if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE))
+		args[i++] = "--ignore-existing";
+	args[i++] = temp_dir.buf;
+	args[i++] = rsync_url(transport->url);
+	args[i++] = NULL;
+	if (run_command(&rsync))
+		result = error("Could not push to %s",
+				rsync_url(transport->url));
+
+	if (remove_dir_recursively(&temp_dir, 0))
+		warning ("Could not remove temporary directory %s.",
+				temp_dir.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&temp_dir);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+struct bundle_transport_data {
+	int fd;
+	struct bundle_header header;
+};
+
+static struct ref *get_refs_from_bundle(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
+{
+	struct bundle_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct ref *result = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	if (for_push)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (data->fd > 0)
+		close(data->fd);
+	data->fd = read_bundle_header(transport->url, &data->header);
+	if (data->fd < 0)
+		die ("Could not read bundle '%s'.", transport->url);
+	for (i = 0; i < data->header.references.nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_list_entry *e = data->header.references.list + i;
+		struct ref *ref = alloc_ref(e->name);
+		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, e->sha1);
+		ref->next = result;
+		result = ref;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int fetch_refs_from_bundle(struct transport *transport,
+			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct bundle_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	return unbundle(&data->header, data->fd);
+}
+
+static int close_bundle(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	struct bundle_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	if (data->fd > 0)
+		close(data->fd);
+	free(data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct git_transport_data {
+	struct git_transport_options options;
+	struct child_process *conn;
+	int fd[2];
+	unsigned got_remote_heads : 1;
+	struct extra_have_objects extra_have;
+};
+
+static int set_git_option(struct git_transport_options *opts,
+			  const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK)) {
+		opts->uploadpack = value;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK)) {
+		opts->receivepack = value;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_THIN)) {
+		opts->thin = !!value;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS)) {
+		opts->followtags = !!value;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_KEEP)) {
+		opts->keep = !!value;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH)) {
+		if (!value)
+			opts->depth = 0;
+		else
+			opts->depth = atoi(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int connect_setup(struct transport *transport, int for_push, int verbose)
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+
+	if (data->conn)
+		return 0;
+
+	data->conn = git_connect(data->fd, transport->url,
+				 for_push ? data->options.receivepack :
+				 data->options.uploadpack,
+				 verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_refs_via_connect(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct ref *refs;
+
+	connect_setup(transport, for_push, 0);
+	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs, 0, NULL,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, &data->extra_have);
+	data->got_remote_heads = 1;
+
+	return refs;
+}
+
+static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
+			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	char **heads = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*heads));
+	char **origh = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*origh));
+	const struct ref *refs;
+	char *dest = xstrdup(transport->url);
+	struct fetch_pack_args args;
+	int i;
+	struct ref *refs_tmp = NULL;
+
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.uploadpack = data->options.uploadpack;
+	args.keep_pack = data->options.keep;
+	args.lock_pack = 1;
+	args.use_thin_pack = data->options.thin;
+	args.include_tag = data->options.followtags;
+	args.verbose = (transport->verbose > 0);
+	args.quiet = (transport->verbose < 0);
+	args.no_progress = args.quiet || (!transport->progress && !isatty(2));
+	args.depth = data->options.depth;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
+		origh[i] = heads[i] = xstrdup(to_fetch[i]->name);
+
+	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
+		connect_setup(transport, 0, 0);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs_tmp, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
+		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
+	}
+
+	refs = fetch_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn,
+			  refs_tmp ? refs_tmp : transport->remote_refs,
+			  dest, nr_heads, heads, &transport->pack_lockfile);
+	close(data->fd[0]);
+	close(data->fd[1]);
+	if (finish_connect(data->conn))
+		refs = NULL;
+	data->conn = NULL;
+	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+
+	free_refs(refs_tmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
+		free(origh[i]);
+	free(origh);
+	free(heads);
+	free(dest);
+	return (refs ? 0 : -1);
+}
+
+static int push_had_errors(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int refs_pushed(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch(ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int verbose)
+{
+	struct refspec rs;
+
+	if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK && ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+		return;
+
+	rs.src = ref->name;
+	rs.dst = NULL;
+
+	if (!remote_find_tracking(remote, &rs)) {
+		if (verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "updating local tracking ref '%s'\n", rs.dst);
+		if (ref->deletion) {
+			delete_ref(rs.dst, NULL, 0);
+		} else
+			update_ref("update by push", rs.dst,
+					ref->new_sha1, NULL, 0, 0);
+		free(rs.dst);
+	}
+}
+
+#define SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
+
+static void print_ref_status(char flag, const char *summary, struct ref *to, struct ref *from, const char *msg, int porcelain)
+{
+	if (porcelain) {
+		if (from)
+			fprintf(stdout, "%c\t%s:%s\t", flag, from->name, to->name);
+		else
+			fprintf(stdout, "%c\t:%s\t", flag, to->name);
+		if (msg)
+			fprintf(stdout, "%s (%s)\n", summary, msg);
+		else
+			fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", summary);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, " %c %-*s ", flag, SUMMARY_WIDTH, summary);
+		if (from)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s -> %s", prettify_refname(from->name), prettify_refname(to->name));
+		else
+			fputs(prettify_refname(to->name), stderr);
+		if (msg) {
+			fputs(" (", stderr);
+			fputs(msg, stderr);
+			fputc(')', stderr);
+		}
+		fputc('\n', stderr);
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *status_abbrev(unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	return find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+}
+
+static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref, int porcelain)
+{
+	if (ref->deletion)
+		print_ref_status('-', "[deleted]", ref, NULL, NULL, porcelain);
+	else if (is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1))
+		print_ref_status('*',
+			(!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") ? "[new tag]" :
+			"[new branch]"),
+			ref, ref->peer_ref, NULL, porcelain);
+	else {
+		char quickref[84];
+		char type;
+		const char *msg;
+
+		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
+		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
+			strcat(quickref, "...");
+			type = '+';
+			msg = "forced update";
+		} else {
+			strcat(quickref, "..");
+			type = ' ';
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		strcat(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->new_sha1));
+
+		print_ref_status(type, quickref, ref, ref->peer_ref, msg, porcelain);
+	}
+}
+
+static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, int porcelain)
+{
+	if (!count)
+		fprintf(stderr, "To %s\n", dest);
+
+	switch(ref->status) {
+	case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		print_ref_status('X', "[no match]", ref, NULL, NULL, porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, NULL,
+						 "remote does not support deleting refs", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		print_ref_status('=', "[up to date]", ref,
+						 ref->peer_ref, NULL, porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "non-fast-forward", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
+						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
+						 ref->remote_status, porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[remote failure]", ref,
+						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
+						 "remote failed to report status", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_OK:
+		print_ok_ref_status(ref, porcelain);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
+			      int verbose, int porcelain, int * nonfastforward)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	if (verbose) {
+		for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+			if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
+				n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
+	}
+
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
+			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
+
+	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
+		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
+		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
+			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD)
+			*nonfastforward = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
+		const char *local = heads[i];
+		const char *remote = strrchr(heads[i], ':');
+
+		if (*local == '+')
+			local++;
+
+		/* A matching refspec is okay.  */
+		if (remote == local && remote[1] == '\0')
+			continue;
+
+		remote = remote ? (remote + 1) : local;
+		switch (check_ref_format(remote)) {
+		case 0: /* ok */
+		case CHECK_REF_FORMAT_ONELEVEL:
+			/* ok but a single level -- that is fine for
+			 * a match pattern.
+			 */
+		case CHECK_REF_FORMAT_WILDCARD:
+			/* ok but ends with a pattern-match character */
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("remote part of refspec is not a valid name in %s",
+		    heads[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+static int git_transport_push(struct transport *transport, struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	struct send_pack_args args;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
+		struct ref *tmp_refs;
+		connect_setup(transport, 1, 0);
+
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &tmp_refs, 0, NULL, REF_NORMAL,
+				 NULL);
+		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
+	}
+
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.send_mirror = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR);
+	args.force_update = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
+	args.use_thin_pack = data->options.thin;
+	args.verbose = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_VERBOSE);
+	args.quiet = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_QUIET);
+	args.dry_run = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN);
+
+	ret = send_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn, remote_refs,
+			&data->extra_have);
+
+	close(data->fd[1]);
+	close(data->fd[0]);
+	ret |= finish_connect(data->conn);
+	data->conn = NULL;
+	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int connect_git(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
+		       const char *executable, int fd[2])
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	data->conn = git_connect(data->fd, transport->url,
+				 executable, 0);
+	fd[0] = data->fd[0];
+	fd[1] = data->fd[1];
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disconnect_git(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
+	if (data->conn) {
+		if (data->got_remote_heads)
+			packet_flush(data->fd[1]);
+		close(data->fd[0]);
+		close(data->fd[1]);
+		finish_connect(data->conn);
+	}
+
+	free(data);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void transport_take_over(struct transport *transport,
+			 struct child_process *child)
+{
+	struct git_transport_data *data;
+
+	if (!transport->smart_options)
+		die("Bug detected: Taking over transport requires non-NULL "
+		    "smart_options field.");
+
+	data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
+	data->options = *transport->smart_options;
+	data->conn = child;
+	data->fd[0] = data->conn->out;
+	data->fd[1] = data->conn->in;
+	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+	transport->data = data;
+
+	transport->set_option = NULL;
+	transport->get_refs_list = get_refs_via_connect;
+	transport->fetch = fetch_refs_via_pack;
+	transport->push = NULL;
+	transport->push_refs = git_transport_push;
+	transport->disconnect = disconnect_git;
+	transport->smart_options = &(data->options);
+}
+
+static int is_local(const char *url)
+{
+	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
+	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
+	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
+		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+}
+
+static int is_file(const char *url)
+{
+	struct stat buf;
+	if (stat(url, &buf))
+		return 0;
+	return S_ISREG(buf.st_mode);
+}
+
+static int is_url(const char *url)
+{
+	const char *url2, *first_slash;
+
+	if (!url)
+		return 0;
+	url2 = url;
+	first_slash = strchr(url, '/');
+
+	/* Input with no slash at all or slash first can't be URL. */
+	if (!first_slash || first_slash == url)
+		return 0;
+	/* Character before must be : and next must be /. */
+	if (first_slash[-1] != ':' || first_slash[1] != '/')
+		return 0;
+	/* There must be something before the :// */
+	if (first_slash == url + 1)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * Check all characters up to first slash - 1. Only alphanum
+	 * is allowed.
+	 */
+	url2 = url;
+	while (url2 < first_slash - 1) {
+		if (!isalnum((unsigned char)*url2))
+			return 0;
+		url2++;
+	}
+
+	/* Valid enough. */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int external_specification_len(const char *url)
+{
+	return strchr(url, ':') - url;
+}
+
+struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+	const char *helper;
+	struct transport *ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ret));
+
+	if (!remote)
+		die("No remote provided to transport_get()");
+
+	ret->remote = remote;
+	helper = remote->foreign_vcs;
+
+	if (!url && remote->url)
+		url = remote->url[0];
+	ret->url = url;
+
+	/* maybe it is a foreign URL? */
+	if (url) {
+		const char *p = url;
+
+		while (isalnum(*p))
+			p++;
+		if (!prefixcmp(p, "::"))
+			helper = xstrndup(url, p - url);
+	}
+
+	if (helper) {
+		transport_helper_init(ret, helper);
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(url, "rsync:")) {
+		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_via_rsync;
+		ret->fetch = fetch_objs_via_rsync;
+		ret->push = rsync_transport_push;
+		ret->smart_options = NULL;
+	} else if (is_local(url) && is_file(url)) {
+		struct bundle_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
+		ret->data = data;
+		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_from_bundle;
+		ret->fetch = fetch_refs_from_bundle;
+		ret->disconnect = close_bundle;
+		ret->smart_options = NULL;
+	} else if (!is_url(url)
+		|| !prefixcmp(url, "file://")
+		|| !prefixcmp(url, "git://")
+		|| !prefixcmp(url, "ssh://")
+		|| !prefixcmp(url, "git+ssh://")
+		|| !prefixcmp(url, "ssh+git://")) {
+		/* These are builtin smart transports. */
+		struct git_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
+		ret->data = data;
+		ret->set_option = NULL;
+		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_via_connect;
+		ret->fetch = fetch_refs_via_pack;
+		ret->push_refs = git_transport_push;
+		ret->connect = connect_git;
+		ret->disconnect = disconnect_git;
+		ret->smart_options = &(data->options);
+
+		data->conn = NULL;
+		data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+	} else {
+		/* Unknown protocol in URL. Pass to external handler. */
+		int len = external_specification_len(url);
+		char *handler = xmalloc(len + 1);
+		handler[len] = 0;
+		strncpy(handler, url, len);
+		transport_helper_init(ret, handler);
+	}
+
+	if (ret->smart_options) {
+		ret->smart_options->thin = 1;
+		ret->smart_options->uploadpack = "git-upload-pack";
+		if (remote->uploadpack)
+			ret->smart_options->uploadpack = remote->uploadpack;
+		ret->smart_options->receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
+		if (remote->receivepack)
+			ret->smart_options->receivepack = remote->receivepack;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int transport_set_option(struct transport *transport,
+			 const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int git_reports = 1, protocol_reports = 1;
+
+	if (transport->smart_options)
+		git_reports = set_git_option(transport->smart_options,
+					     name, value);
+
+	if (transport->set_option)
+		protocol_reports = transport->set_option(transport, name,
+							value);
+
+	/* If either report is 0, report 0 (success). */
+	if (!git_reports || !protocol_reports)
+		return 0;
+	/* If either reports -1 (invalid value), report -1. */
+	if ((git_reports == -1) || (protocol_reports == -1))
+		return -1;
+	/* Otherwise if both report unknown, report unknown. */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
+		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
+		   int *nonfastforward)
+{
+	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	verify_remote_names(refspec_nr, refspec);
+
+	if (transport->push) {
+		/* Maybe FIXME. But no important transport uses this case. */
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
+			die("This transport does not support using --set-upstream");
+
+		return transport->push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags);
+	} else if (transport->push_refs) {
+		struct ref *remote_refs =
+			transport->get_refs_list(transport, 1);
+		struct ref *local_refs = get_local_heads();
+		int match_flags = MATCH_REFS_NONE;
+		int verbose = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_VERBOSE;
+		int quiet = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_QUIET;
+		int porcelain = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN;
+		int pretend = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN;
+		int ret, err;
+
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_ALL;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
+
+		if (match_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
+			       refspec_nr, refspec, match_flags)) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs,
+			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR,
+			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
+
+		ret = transport->push_refs(transport, remote_refs, flags);
+		err = push_had_errors(remote_refs);
+
+		ret |= err;
+
+		if (!quiet || err)
+			print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
+					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
+					nonfastforward);
+
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
+			set_upstreams(transport, remote_refs, pretend);
+
+		if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN)) {
+			struct ref *ref;
+			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				update_tracking_ref(transport->remote, ref, verbose);
+		}
+
+		if (!quiet && !ret && !refs_pushed(remote_refs))
+			fprintf(stderr, "Everything up-to-date\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	if (!transport->remote_refs)
+		transport->remote_refs = transport->get_refs_list(transport, 0);
+
+	return transport->remote_refs;
+}
+
+int transport_fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	int rc;
+	int nr_heads = 0, nr_alloc = 0, nr_refs = 0;
+	struct ref **heads = NULL;
+	struct ref *rm;
+
+	for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		nr_refs++;
+		if (rm->peer_ref &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(rm->old_sha1) &&
+		    !hashcmp(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1, rm->old_sha1))
+			continue;
+		ALLOC_GROW(heads, nr_heads + 1, nr_alloc);
+		heads[nr_heads++] = rm;
+	}
+
+	if (!nr_heads) {
+		/*
+		 * When deepening of a shallow repository is requested,
+		 * then local and remote refs are likely to still be equal.
+		 * Just feed them all to the fetch method in that case.
+		 * This condition shouldn't be met in a non-deepening fetch
+		 * (see builtin-fetch.c:quickfetch()).
+		 */
+		heads = xmalloc(nr_refs * sizeof(*heads));
+		for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			heads[nr_heads++] = rm;
+	}
+
+	rc = transport->fetch(transport, nr_heads, heads);
+
+	free(heads);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+void transport_unlock_pack(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	if (transport->pack_lockfile) {
+		unlink_or_warn(transport->pack_lockfile);
+		free(transport->pack_lockfile);
+		transport->pack_lockfile = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+int transport_connect(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
+		      const char *exec, int fd[2])
+{
+	if (transport->connect)
+		return transport->connect(transport, name, exec, fd);
+	else
+		die("Operation not supported by protocol");
+}
+
+int transport_disconnect(struct transport *transport)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	if (transport->disconnect)
+		ret = transport->disconnect(transport);
+	free(transport);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Strip username (and password) from an url and return
+ * it in a newly allocated string.
+ */
+char *transport_anonymize_url(const char *url)
+{
+	char *anon_url, *scheme_prefix, *anon_part;
+	size_t anon_len, prefix_len = 0;
+
+	anon_part = strchr(url, '@');
+	if (is_local(url) || !anon_part)
+		goto literal_copy;
+
+	anon_len = strlen(++anon_part);
+	scheme_prefix = strstr(url, "://");
+	if (!scheme_prefix) {
+		if (!strchr(anon_part, ':'))
+			/* cannot be "me@there:/path/name" */
+			goto literal_copy;
+	} else {
+		const char *cp;
+		/* make sure scheme is reasonable */
+		for (cp = url; cp < scheme_prefix; cp++) {
+			switch (*cp) {
+				/* RFC 1738 2.1 */
+			case '+': case '.': case '-':
+				break; /* ok */
+			default:
+				if (isalnum(*cp))
+					break;
+				/* it isn't */
+				goto literal_copy;
+			}
+		}
+		/* @ past the first slash does not count */
+		cp = strchr(scheme_prefix + 3, '/');
+		if (cp && cp < anon_part)
+			goto literal_copy;
+		prefix_len = scheme_prefix - url + 3;
+	}
+	anon_url = xcalloc(1, 1 + prefix_len + anon_len);
+	memcpy(anon_url, url, prefix_len);
+	memcpy(anon_url + prefix_len, anon_part, anon_len);
+	return anon_url;
+literal_copy:
+	return xstrdup(url);
+}
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cea5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#ifndef TRANSPORT_H
+#define TRANSPORT_H
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+struct git_transport_options {
+	unsigned thin : 1;
+	unsigned keep : 1;
+	unsigned followtags : 1;
+	int depth;
+	const char *uploadpack;
+	const char *receivepack;
+};
+
+struct transport {
+	struct remote *remote;
+	const char *url;
+	void *data;
+	const struct ref *remote_refs;
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns 0 if successful, positive if the option is not
+	 * recognized or is inapplicable, and negative if the option
+	 * is applicable but the value is invalid.
+	 **/
+	int (*set_option)(struct transport *connection, const char *name,
+			  const char *value);
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a list of the remote side's refs. In order to allow
+	 * the transport to try to share connections, for_push is a
+	 * hint as to whether the ultimate operation is a push or a fetch.
+	 *
+	 * If the transport is able to determine the remote hash for
+	 * the ref without a huge amount of effort, it should store it
+	 * in the ref's old_sha1 field; otherwise it should be all 0.
+	 **/
+	struct ref *(*get_refs_list)(struct transport *transport, int for_push);
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetch the objects for the given refs. Note that this gets
+	 * an array, and should ignore the list structure.
+	 *
+	 * If the transport did not get hashes for refs in
+	 * get_refs_list(), it should set the old_sha1 fields in the
+	 * provided refs now.
+	 **/
+	int (*fetch)(struct transport *transport, int refs_nr, struct ref **refs);
+
+	/**
+	 * Push the objects and refs. Send the necessary objects, and
+	 * then, for any refs where peer_ref is set and
+	 * peer_ref->new_sha1 is different from old_sha1, tell the
+	 * remote side to update each ref in the list from old_sha1 to
+	 * peer_ref->new_sha1.
+	 *
+	 * Where possible, set the status for each ref appropriately.
+	 *
+	 * The transport must modify new_sha1 in the ref to the new
+	 * value if the remote accepted the change. Note that this
+	 * could be a different value from peer_ref->new_sha1 if the
+	 * process involved generating new commits.
+	 **/
+	int (*push_refs)(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs, int flags);
+	int (*push)(struct transport *connection, int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags);
+	int (*connect)(struct transport *connection, const char *name,
+		       const char *executable, int fd[2]);
+
+	/** get_refs_list(), fetch(), and push_refs() can keep
+	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for futher
+	 * use. disconnect() releases these resources.
+	 **/
+	int (*disconnect)(struct transport *connection);
+	char *pack_lockfile;
+	signed verbose : 3;
+	/* Force progress even if stderr is not a tty */
+	unsigned progress : 1;
+	/*
+	 * If transport is at least potentially smart, this points to
+	 * git_transport_options structure to use in case transport
+	 * actually turns out to be smart.
+	 */
+	struct git_transport_options *smart_options;
+};
+
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL 1
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE 2
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN 4
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR 8
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_VERBOSE 16
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN 32
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_QUIET 64
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM 128
+
+/* Returns a transport suitable for the url */
+struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
+
+/* Transport options which apply to git:// and scp-style URLs */
+
+/* The program to use on the remote side to send a pack */
+#define TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK "uploadpack"
+
+/* The program to use on the remote side to receive a pack */
+#define TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK "receivepack"
+
+/* Transfer the data as a thin pack if not null */
+#define TRANS_OPT_THIN "thin"
+
+/* Keep the pack that was transferred if not null */
+#define TRANS_OPT_KEEP "keep"
+
+/* Limit the depth of the fetch if not null */
+#define TRANS_OPT_DEPTH "depth"
+
+/* Aggressively fetch annotated tags if possible */
+#define TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS "followtags"
+
+/**
+ * Returns 0 if the option was used, non-zero otherwise. Prints a
+ * message to stderr if the option is not used.
+ **/
+int transport_set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
+			 const char *value);
+
+int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
+		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
+		   int * nonfastforward);
+
+const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport);
+
+int transport_fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs);
+void transport_unlock_pack(struct transport *transport);
+int transport_disconnect(struct transport *transport);
+char *transport_anonymize_url(const char *url);
+void transport_take_over(struct transport *transport,
+			 struct child_process *child);
+
+int transport_connect(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
+		      const char *exec, int fd[2]);
+
+/* Transport methods defined outside transport.c */
+int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe9f52c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+/*
+ * Helper functions for tree diff generation
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+
+static char *malloc_base(const char *base, int baselen, const char *path, int pathlen)
+{
+	char *newbase = xmalloc(baselen + pathlen + 2);
+	memcpy(newbase, base, baselen);
+	memcpy(newbase + baselen, path, pathlen);
+	memcpy(newbase + baselen + pathlen, "/", 2);
+	return newbase;
+}
+
+static char *malloc_fullname(const char *base, int baselen, const char *path, int pathlen)
+{
+	char *fullname = xmalloc(baselen + pathlen + 1);
+	memcpy(fullname, base, baselen);
+	memcpy(fullname + baselen, path, pathlen);
+	fullname[baselen + pathlen] = 0;
+	return fullname;
+}
+
+static void show_entry(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix, struct tree_desc *desc,
+		       const char *base, int baselen);
+
+static int compare_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const char *base, int baselen, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	unsigned mode1, mode2;
+	const char *path1, *path2;
+	const unsigned char *sha1, *sha2;
+	int cmp, pathlen1, pathlen2;
+	char *fullname;
+
+	sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t1, &path1, &mode1);
+	sha2 = tree_entry_extract(t2, &path2, &mode2);
+
+	pathlen1 = tree_entry_len(path1, sha1);
+	pathlen2 = tree_entry_len(path2, sha2);
+	cmp = base_name_compare(path1, pathlen1, mode1, path2, pathlen2, mode2);
+	if (cmp < 0) {
+		show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base, baselen);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (cmp > 0) {
+		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base, baselen);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER) && !hashcmp(sha1, sha2) && mode1 == mode2)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the filemode has changed to/from a directory from/to a regular
+	 * file, we need to consider it a remove and an add.
+	 */
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
+		show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base, baselen);
+		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base, baselen);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode1)) {
+		int retval;
+		char *newbase = malloc_base(base, baselen, path1, pathlen1);
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE)) {
+			newbase[baselen + pathlen1] = 0;
+			opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2,
+				    sha1, sha2, newbase, 0, 0);
+			newbase[baselen + pathlen1] = '/';
+		}
+		retval = diff_tree_sha1(sha1, sha2, newbase, opt);
+		free(newbase);
+		return retval;
+	}
+
+	fullname = malloc_fullname(base, baselen, path1, pathlen1);
+	opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2, sha1, sha2, fullname, 0, 0);
+	free(fullname);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *  - 2 for "yes, and all subsequent entries will be"
+ *  - 1 for yes
+ *  - zero for no
+ *  - negative for "no, and no subsequent entries will be either"
+ */
+static int tree_entry_interesting(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *base, int baselen, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned mode;
+	int i;
+	int pathlen;
+	int never_interesting = -1;
+
+	if (!opt->nr_paths)
+		return 1;
+
+	sha1 = tree_entry_extract(desc, &path, &mode);
+
+	pathlen = tree_entry_len(path, sha1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < opt->nr_paths; i++) {
+		const char *match = opt->paths[i];
+		int matchlen = opt->pathlens[i];
+		int m = -1; /* signals that we haven't called strncmp() */
+
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
+			if (strncmp(base, match, matchlen))
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * If the base is a subdirectory of a path which
+			 * was specified, all of them are interesting.
+			 */
+			if (!matchlen ||
+			    base[matchlen] == '/' ||
+			    match[matchlen - 1] == '/')
+				return 2;
+
+			/* Just a random prefix match */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Does the base match? */
+		if (strncmp(base, match, baselen))
+			continue;
+
+		match += baselen;
+		matchlen -= baselen;
+
+		if (never_interesting) {
+			/*
+			 * We have not seen any match that sorts later
+			 * than the current path.
+			 */
+
+			/*
+			 * Does match sort strictly earlier than path
+			 * with their common parts?
+			 */
+			m = strncmp(match, path,
+				    (matchlen < pathlen) ? matchlen : pathlen);
+			if (m < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * If we come here even once, that means there is at
+			 * least one pathspec that would sort equal to or
+			 * later than the path we are currently looking at.
+			 * In other words, if we have never reached this point
+			 * after iterating all pathspecs, it means all
+			 * pathspecs are either outside of base, or inside the
+			 * base but sorts strictly earlier than the current
+			 * one.  In either case, they will never match the
+			 * subsequent entries.  In such a case, we initialized
+			 * the variable to -1 and that is what will be
+			 * returned, allowing the caller to terminate early.
+			 */
+			never_interesting = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (pathlen > matchlen)
+			continue;
+
+		if (matchlen > pathlen) {
+			if (match[pathlen] != '/')
+				continue;
+			if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (m == -1)
+			/*
+			 * we cheated and did not do strncmp(), so we do
+			 * that here.
+			 */
+			m = strncmp(match, path, pathlen);
+
+		/*
+		 * If common part matched earlier then it is a hit,
+		 * because we rejected the case where path is not a
+		 * leading directory and is shorter than match.
+		 */
+		if (!m)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return never_interesting; /* No matches */
+}
+
+/* A whole sub-tree went away or appeared */
+static void show_tree(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix, struct tree_desc *desc, const char *base, int baselen)
+{
+	int all_interesting = 0;
+	while (desc->size) {
+		int show;
+
+		if (all_interesting)
+			show = 1;
+		else {
+			show = tree_entry_interesting(desc, base, baselen,
+						      opt);
+			if (show == 2)
+				all_interesting = 1;
+		}
+		if (show < 0)
+			break;
+		if (show)
+			show_entry(opt, prefix, desc, base, baselen);
+		update_tree_entry(desc);
+	}
+}
+
+/* A file entry went away or appeared */
+static void show_entry(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix, struct tree_desc *desc,
+		       const char *base, int baselen)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	const char *path;
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = tree_entry_extract(desc, &path, &mode);
+	int pathlen = tree_entry_len(path, sha1);
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		char *newbase = malloc_base(base, baselen, path, pathlen);
+		struct tree_desc inner;
+		void *tree;
+		unsigned long size;
+
+		tree = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!tree || type != OBJ_TREE)
+			die("corrupt tree sha %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE)) {
+			newbase[baselen + pathlen] = 0;
+			opt->add_remove(opt, *prefix, mode, sha1, newbase, 0);
+			newbase[baselen + pathlen] = '/';
+		}
+
+		init_tree_desc(&inner, tree, size);
+		show_tree(opt, prefix, &inner, newbase, baselen + 1 + pathlen);
+
+		free(tree);
+		free(newbase);
+	} else {
+		char *fullname = malloc_fullname(base, baselen, path, pathlen);
+		opt->add_remove(opt, prefix[0], mode, sha1, fullname, 0);
+		free(fullname);
+	}
+}
+
+static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, const char *base, int baselen, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int all_interesting = 0;
+	while (t->size) {
+		int show;
+
+		if (all_interesting)
+			show = 1;
+		else {
+			show = tree_entry_interesting(t, base, baselen, opt);
+			if (show == 2)
+				all_interesting = 1;
+		}
+		if (!show) {
+			update_tree_entry(t);
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* Skip it all? */
+		if (show < 0)
+			t->size = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int baselen = strlen(base);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, QUICK) &&
+		    DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, HAS_CHANGES))
+			break;
+		if (opt->nr_paths) {
+			skip_uninteresting(t1, base, baselen, opt);
+			skip_uninteresting(t2, base, baselen, opt);
+		}
+		if (!t1->size) {
+			if (!t2->size)
+				break;
+			show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base, baselen);
+			update_tree_entry(t2);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!t2->size) {
+			show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base, baselen);
+			update_tree_entry(t1);
+			continue;
+		}
+		switch (compare_tree_entry(t1, t2, base, baselen, opt)) {
+		case -1:
+			update_tree_entry(t1);
+			continue;
+		case 0:
+			update_tree_entry(t1);
+			/* Fallthrough */
+		case 1:
+			update_tree_entry(t2);
+			continue;
+		}
+		die("git diff-tree: internal error");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does it look like the resulting diff might be due to a rename?
+ *  - single entry
+ *  - not a valid previous file
+ */
+static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
+{
+	return diff_queued_diff.nr == 1 &&
+		!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[0]->one);
+}
+
+static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct diff_options diff_opts;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+	struct diff_filepair *choice;
+	const char *paths[1];
+	int i;
+
+	/* Remove the file creation entry from the diff queue, and remember it */
+	choice = q->queue[0];
+	q->nr = 0;
+
+	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
+	diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->paths[0];
+	diff_opts.break_opt = opt->break_opt;
+	paths[0] = NULL;
+	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
+	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
+		die("unable to set up diff options to follow renames");
+	diff_tree(t1, t2, base, &diff_opts);
+	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
+	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+
+	/* Go through the new set of filepairing, and see if we find a more interesting one */
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * Found a source? Not only do we use that for the new
+		 * diff_queued_diff, we will also use that as the path in
+		 * the future!
+		 */
+		if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') && !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->paths[0])) {
+			/* Switch the file-pairs around */
+			q->queue[i] = choice;
+			choice = p;
+
+			/* Update the path we use from now on.. */
+			diff_tree_release_paths(opt);
+			opt->paths[0] = xstrdup(p->one->path);
+			diff_tree_setup_paths(opt->paths, opt);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Then, discard all the non-relevant file pairs...
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+		diff_free_filepair(p);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * .. and re-instate the one we want (which might be either the
+	 * original one, or the rename/copy we found)
+	 */
+	q->queue[0] = choice;
+	q->nr = 1;
+}
+
+int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	void *tree1, *tree2;
+	struct tree_desc t1, t2;
+	unsigned long size1, size2;
+	int retval;
+
+	tree1 = read_object_with_reference(old, tree_type, &size1, NULL);
+	if (!tree1)
+		die("unable to read source tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(old));
+	tree2 = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &size2, NULL);
+	if (!tree2)
+		die("unable to read destination tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
+	init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
+	init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
+	retval = diff_tree(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename()) {
+		init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
+		init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
+		try_to_follow_renames(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
+	}
+	free(tree1);
+	free(tree2);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int retval;
+	void *tree;
+	unsigned long size;
+	struct tree_desc empty, real;
+
+	tree = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!tree)
+		die("unable to read root tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
+	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
+
+	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);
+	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, base, opt);
+	free(tree);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int count_paths(const char **paths)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	while (*paths++)
+		i++;
+	return i;
+}
+
+void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	free(opt->pathlens);
+}
+
+void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **p, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	opt->nr_paths = 0;
+	opt->pathlens = NULL;
+	opt->paths = NULL;
+
+	if (p) {
+		int i;
+
+		opt->paths = p;
+		opt->nr_paths = count_paths(p);
+		if (opt->nr_paths == 0) {
+			opt->pathlens = NULL;
+			return;
+		}
+		opt->pathlens = xmalloc(opt->nr_paths * sizeof(int));
+		for (i=0; i < opt->nr_paths; i++)
+			opt->pathlens[i] = strlen(p[i]);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08796c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+
+static const char *get_mode(const char *str, unsigned int *modep)
+{
+	unsigned char c;
+	unsigned int mode = 0;
+
+	if (*str == ' ')
+		return NULL;
+
+	while ((c = *str++) != ' ') {
+		if (c < '0' || c > '7')
+			return NULL;
+		mode = (mode << 3) + (c - '0');
+	}
+	*modep = mode;
+	return str;
+}
+
+static void decode_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	unsigned int mode, len;
+
+	if (size < 24 || buf[size - 21])
+		die("corrupt tree file");
+
+	path = get_mode(buf, &mode);
+	if (!path || !*path)
+		die("corrupt tree file");
+	len = strlen(path) + 1;
+
+	/* Initialize the descriptor entry */
+	desc->entry.path = path;
+	desc->entry.mode = mode;
+	desc->entry.sha1 = (const unsigned char *)(path + len);
+}
+
+void init_tree_desc(struct tree_desc *desc, const void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	desc->buffer = buffer;
+	desc->size = size;
+	if (size)
+		decode_tree_entry(desc, buffer, size);
+}
+
+void *fill_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	unsigned long size = 0;
+	void *buf = NULL;
+
+	if (sha1) {
+		buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
+		if (!buf)
+			die("unable to read tree %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	init_tree_desc(desc, buf, size);
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static void entry_clear(struct name_entry *a)
+{
+	memset(a, 0, sizeof(*a));
+}
+
+static void entry_extract(struct tree_desc *t, struct name_entry *a)
+{
+	*a = t->entry;
+}
+
+void update_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *desc)
+{
+	const void *buf = desc->buffer;
+	const unsigned char *end = desc->entry.sha1 + 20;
+	unsigned long size = desc->size;
+	unsigned long len = end - (const unsigned char *)buf;
+
+	if (size < len)
+		die("corrupt tree file");
+	buf = end;
+	size -= len;
+	desc->buffer = buf;
+	desc->size = size;
+	if (size)
+		decode_tree_entry(desc, buf, size);
+}
+
+int tree_entry(struct tree_desc *desc, struct name_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (!desc->size)
+		return 0;
+
+	*entry = desc->entry;
+	update_tree_entry(desc);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void setup_traverse_info(struct traverse_info *info, const char *base)
+{
+	int pathlen = strlen(base);
+	static struct traverse_info dummy;
+
+	memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
+	if (pathlen && base[pathlen-1] == '/')
+		pathlen--;
+	info->pathlen = pathlen ? pathlen + 1 : 0;
+	info->name.path = base;
+	info->name.sha1 = (void *)(base + pathlen + 1);
+	if (pathlen)
+		info->prev = &dummy;
+}
+
+char *make_traverse_path(char *path, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	int len = tree_entry_len(n->path, n->sha1);
+	int pathlen = info->pathlen;
+
+	path[pathlen + len] = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		memcpy(path + pathlen, n->path, len);
+		if (!pathlen)
+			break;
+		path[--pathlen] = '/';
+		n = &info->name;
+		len = tree_entry_len(n->path, n->sha1);
+		info = info->prev;
+		pathlen -= len;
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+struct tree_desc_skip {
+	struct tree_desc_skip *prev;
+	const void *ptr;
+};
+
+struct tree_desc_x {
+	struct tree_desc d;
+	struct tree_desc_skip *skip;
+};
+
+static int name_compare(const char *a, int a_len,
+			const char *b, int b_len)
+{
+	int len = (a_len < b_len) ? a_len : b_len;
+	int cmp = memcmp(a, b, len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	return (a_len - b_len);
+}
+
+static int check_entry_match(const char *a, int a_len, const char *b, int b_len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The caller wants to pick *a* from a tree or nothing.
+	 * We are looking at *b* in a tree.
+	 *
+	 * (0) If a and b are the same name, we are trivially happy.
+	 *
+	 * There are three possibilities where *a* could be hiding
+	 * behind *b*.
+	 *
+	 * (1) *a* == "t",   *b* == "ab"  i.e. *b* sorts earlier than *a* no
+	 *                                matter what.
+	 * (2) *a* == "t",   *b* == "t-2" and "t" is a subtree in the tree;
+	 * (3) *a* == "t-2", *b* == "t"   and "t-2" is a blob in the tree.
+	 *
+	 * Otherwise we know *a* won't appear in the tree without
+	 * scanning further.
+	 */
+
+	int cmp = name_compare(a, a_len, b, b_len);
+
+	/* Most common case first -- reading sync'd trees */
+	if (!cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	if (0 < cmp) {
+		/* a comes after b; it does not matter if it is case (3)
+		if (b_len < a_len && !memcmp(a, b, b_len) && a[b_len] < '/')
+			return 1;
+		*/
+		return 1; /* keep looking */
+	}
+
+	/* b comes after a; are we looking at case (2)? */
+	if (a_len < b_len && !memcmp(a, b, a_len) && b[a_len] < '/')
+		return 1; /* keep looking */
+
+	return -1; /* a cannot appear in the tree */
+}
+
+/*
+ * From the extended tree_desc, extract the first name entry, while
+ * paying attention to the candidate "first" name.  Most importantly,
+ * when looking for an entry, if there are entries that sorts earlier
+ * in the tree object representation than that name, skip them and
+ * process the named entry first.  We will remember that we haven't
+ * processed the first entry yet, and in the later call skip the
+ * entry we processed early when update_extended_entry() is called.
+ *
+ * E.g. if the underlying tree object has these entries:
+ *
+ *    blob    "t-1"
+ *    blob    "t-2"
+ *    tree    "t"
+ *    blob    "t=1"
+ *
+ * and the "first" asks for "t", remember that we still need to
+ * process "t-1" and "t-2" but extract "t".  After processing the
+ * entry "t" from this call, the caller will let us know by calling
+ * update_extended_entry() that we can remember "t" has been processed
+ * already.
+ */
+
+static void extended_entry_extract(struct tree_desc_x *t,
+				   struct name_entry *a,
+				   const char *first,
+				   int first_len)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	int len;
+	struct tree_desc probe;
+	struct tree_desc_skip *skip;
+
+	/*
+	 * Extract the first entry from the tree_desc, but skip the
+	 * ones that we already returned in earlier rounds.
+	 */
+	while (1) {
+		if (!t->d.size) {
+			entry_clear(a);
+			break; /* not found */
+		}
+		entry_extract(&t->d, a);
+		for (skip = t->skip; skip; skip = skip->prev)
+			if (a->path == skip->ptr)
+				break; /* found */
+		if (!skip)
+			break;
+		/* We have processed this entry already. */
+		update_tree_entry(&t->d);
+	}
+
+	if (!first || !a->path)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * The caller wants "first" from this tree, or nothing.
+	 */
+	path = a->path;
+	len = tree_entry_len(a->path, a->sha1);
+	switch (check_entry_match(first, first_len, path, len)) {
+	case -1:
+		entry_clear(a);
+	case 0:
+		return;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We need to look-ahead -- we suspect that a subtree whose
+	 * name is "first" may be hiding behind the current entry "path".
+	 */
+	probe = t->d;
+	while (probe.size) {
+		entry_extract(&probe, a);
+		path = a->path;
+		len = tree_entry_len(a->path, a->sha1);
+		switch (check_entry_match(first, first_len, path, len)) {
+		case -1:
+			entry_clear(a);
+		case 0:
+			return;
+		default:
+			update_tree_entry(&probe);
+			break;
+		}
+		/* keep looking */
+	}
+	entry_clear(a);
+}
+
+static void update_extended_entry(struct tree_desc_x *t, struct name_entry *a)
+{
+	if (t->d.entry.path == a->path) {
+		update_tree_entry(&t->d);
+	} else {
+		/* we have returned this entry early */
+		struct tree_desc_skip *skip = xmalloc(sizeof(*skip));
+		skip->ptr = a->path;
+		skip->prev = t->skip;
+		t->skip = skip;
+	}
+}
+
+static void free_extended_entry(struct tree_desc_x *t)
+{
+	struct tree_desc_skip *p, *s;
+
+	for (s = t->skip; s; s = p) {
+		p = s->prev;
+		free(s);
+	}
+}
+
+int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct name_entry *entry = xmalloc(n*sizeof(*entry));
+	int i;
+	struct tree_desc_x *tx = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*tx));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		tx[i].d = t[i];
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned long mask, dirmask;
+		const char *first = NULL;
+		int first_len = 0;
+		struct name_entry *e;
+		int len;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			e = entry + i;
+			extended_entry_extract(tx + i, e, NULL, 0);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * A tree may have "t-2" at the current location even
+		 * though it may have "t" that is a subtree behind it,
+		 * and another tree may return "t".  We want to grab
+		 * all "t" from all trees to match in such a case.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			e = entry + i;
+			if (!e->path)
+				continue;
+			len = tree_entry_len(e->path, e->sha1);
+			if (!first) {
+				first = e->path;
+				first_len = len;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (name_compare(e->path, len, first, first_len) < 0) {
+				first = e->path;
+				first_len = len;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (first) {
+			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+				e = entry + i;
+				extended_entry_extract(tx + i, e, first, first_len);
+				/* Cull the ones that are not the earliest */
+				if (!e->path)
+					continue;
+				len = tree_entry_len(e->path, e->sha1);
+				if (name_compare(e->path, len, first, first_len))
+					entry_clear(e);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Now we have in entry[i] the earliest name from the trees */
+		mask = 0;
+		dirmask = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			if (!entry[i].path)
+				continue;
+			mask |= 1ul << i;
+			if (S_ISDIR(entry[i].mode))
+				dirmask |= 1ul << i;
+		}
+		if (!mask)
+			break;
+		ret = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			break;
+		mask &= ret;
+		ret = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			if (mask & (1ul << i))
+				update_extended_entry(tx + i, entry + i);
+	}
+	free(entry);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		free_extended_entry(tx + i);
+	free(tx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char *result, unsigned *mode)
+{
+	int namelen = strlen(name);
+	while (t->size) {
+		const char *entry;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		int entrylen, cmp;
+
+		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t, &entry, mode);
+		update_tree_entry(t);
+		entrylen = tree_entry_len(entry, sha1);
+		if (entrylen > namelen)
+			continue;
+		cmp = memcmp(name, entry, entrylen);
+		if (cmp > 0)
+			continue;
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			break;
+		if (entrylen == namelen) {
+			hashcpy(result, sha1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (name[entrylen] != '/')
+			continue;
+		if (!S_ISDIR(*mode))
+			break;
+		if (++entrylen == namelen) {
+			hashcpy(result, sha1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return get_tree_entry(sha1, name + entrylen, result, mode);
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int get_tree_entry(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode)
+{
+	int retval;
+	void *tree;
+	unsigned long size;
+	struct tree_desc t;
+	unsigned char root[20];
+
+	tree = read_object_with_reference(tree_sha1, tree_type, &size, root);
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (name[0] == '\0') {
+		hashcpy(sha1, root);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	init_tree_desc(&t, tree, size);
+	retval = find_tree_entry(&t, name, sha1, mode);
+	free(tree);
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42110a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#ifndef TREE_WALK_H
+#define TREE_WALK_H
+
+struct name_entry {
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	const char *path;
+	unsigned int mode;
+};
+
+struct tree_desc {
+	const void *buffer;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+	unsigned int size;
+};
+
+static inline const unsigned char *tree_entry_extract(struct tree_desc *desc, const char **pathp, unsigned int *modep)
+{
+	*pathp = desc->entry.path;
+	*modep = canon_mode(desc->entry.mode);
+	return desc->entry.sha1;
+}
+
+static inline int tree_entry_len(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return (const char *)sha1 - name - 1;
+}
+
+void update_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *);
+void init_tree_desc(struct tree_desc *desc, const void *buf, unsigned long size);
+
+/* Helper function that does both of the above and returns true for success */
+int tree_entry(struct tree_desc *, struct name_entry *);
+
+void *fill_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+struct traverse_info;
+typedef int (*traverse_callback_t)(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *);
+int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info);
+
+struct traverse_info {
+	struct traverse_info *prev;
+	struct name_entry name;
+	int pathlen;
+
+	unsigned long conflicts;
+	traverse_callback_t fn;
+	void *data;
+};
+
+int get_tree_entry(const unsigned char *, const char *, unsigned char *, unsigned *);
+extern char *make_traverse_path(char *path, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n);
+extern void setup_traverse_info(struct traverse_info *info, const char *base);
+
+static inline int traverse_path_len(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	return info->pathlen + tree_entry_len(n->path, n->sha1);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ab90af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+
+const char *tree_type = "tree";
+
+static int read_one_entry_opt(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, int opt)
+{
+	int len;
+	unsigned int size;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+		return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+
+	len = strlen(pathname);
+	size = cache_entry_size(baselen + len);
+	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(baselen + len, stage);
+	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
+	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len+1);
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
+	return add_cache_entry(ce, opt);
+}
+
+static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base, baselen, pathname, mode, stage,
+				  ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is used when the caller knows there is no existing entries at
+ * the stage that will conflict with the entry being added.
+ */
+static int read_one_entry_quick(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base, baselen, pathname, mode, stage,
+				  ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND);
+}
+
+static int match_tree_entry(const char *base, int baselen, const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char **paths)
+{
+	const char *match;
+	int pathlen;
+
+	if (!paths)
+		return 1;
+	pathlen = strlen(path);
+	while ((match = *paths++) != NULL) {
+		int matchlen = strlen(match);
+
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
+			if (strncmp(base, match, matchlen))
+				continue;
+			/* pathspecs match only at the directory boundaries */
+			if (!matchlen ||
+			    baselen == matchlen ||
+			    base[matchlen] == '/' ||
+			    match[matchlen - 1] == '/')
+				return 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Does the base match? */
+		if (strncmp(base, match, baselen))
+			continue;
+
+		match += baselen;
+		matchlen -= baselen;
+
+		if (pathlen > matchlen)
+			continue;
+
+		if (matchlen > pathlen) {
+			if (match[pathlen] != '/')
+				continue;
+			if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (strncmp(path, match, pathlen))
+			continue;
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
+			const char *base, int baselen,
+			int stage, const char **match,
+			read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
+{
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+
+	if (parse_tree(tree))
+		return -1;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		if (!match_tree_entry(base, baselen, entry.path, entry.mode, match))
+			continue;
+
+		switch (fn(entry.sha1, base, baselen, entry.path, entry.mode, stage, context)) {
+		case 0:
+			continue;
+		case READ_TREE_RECURSIVE:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
+			int retval;
+			char *newbase;
+			unsigned int pathlen = tree_entry_len(entry.path, entry.sha1);
+
+			newbase = xmalloc(baselen + 1 + pathlen);
+			memcpy(newbase, base, baselen);
+			memcpy(newbase + baselen, entry.path, pathlen);
+			newbase[baselen + pathlen] = '/';
+			retval = read_tree_recursive(lookup_tree(entry.sha1),
+						     newbase,
+						     baselen + pathlen + 1,
+						     stage, match, fn, context);
+			free(newbase);
+			if (retval)
+				return -1;
+			continue;
+		} else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode)) {
+			int retval;
+			struct strbuf path;
+			unsigned int entrylen;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			entrylen = tree_entry_len(entry.path, entry.sha1);
+			strbuf_init(&path, baselen + entrylen + 1);
+			strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
+			strbuf_add(&path, entry.path, entrylen);
+			strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+
+			commit = lookup_commit(entry.sha1);
+			if (!commit)
+				die("Commit %s in submodule path %s not found",
+				    sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1), path.buf);
+
+			if (parse_commit(commit))
+				die("Invalid commit %s in submodule path %s",
+				    sha1_to_hex(entry.sha1), path.buf);
+
+			retval = read_tree_recursive(commit->tree,
+						     path.buf, path.len,
+						     stage, match, fn, context);
+			strbuf_release(&path);
+			if (retval)
+				return -1;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmp_cache_name_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct cache_entry *ce1, *ce2;
+
+	ce1 = *((const struct cache_entry **)a_);
+	ce2 = *((const struct cache_entry **)b_);
+	return cache_name_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_flags,
+				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_flags);
+}
+
+int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, const char **match)
+{
+	read_tree_fn_t fn = NULL;
+	int i, err;
+
+	/*
+	 * Currently the only existing callers of this function all
+	 * call it with stage=1 and after making sure there is nothing
+	 * at that stage; we could always use read_one_entry_quick().
+	 *
+	 * But when we decide to straighten out git-read-tree not to
+	 * use unpack_trees() in some cases, this will probably start
+	 * to matter.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * See if we have cache entry at the stage.  If so,
+	 * do it the original slow way, otherwise, append and then
+	 * sort at the end.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; !fn && i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (ce_stage(ce) == stage)
+			fn = read_one_entry;
+	}
+
+	if (!fn)
+		fn = read_one_entry_quick;
+	err = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, stage, match, fn, NULL);
+	if (fn == read_one_entry || err)
+		return err;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sort the cache entry -- we need to nuke the cache tree, though.
+	 */
+	cache_tree_free(&active_cache_tree);
+	qsort(active_cache, active_nr, sizeof(active_cache[0]),
+	      cmp_cache_name_compare);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!obj)
+		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_TREE, alloc_tree_node());
+	if (!obj->type)
+		obj->type = OBJ_TREE;
+	if (obj->type != OBJ_TREE) {
+		error("Object %s is a %s, not a tree",
+		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return (struct tree *) obj;
+}
+
+int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (item->object.parsed)
+		return 0;
+	item->object.parsed = 1;
+	item->buffer = buffer;
+	item->size = size;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_tree(struct tree *item)
+{
+	 enum object_type type;
+	 void *buffer;
+	 unsigned long size;
+
+	if (item->object.parsed)
+		return 0;
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(item->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		return error("Could not read %s",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE) {
+		free(buffer);
+		return error("Object %s not a tree",
+			     sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1));
+	}
+	return parse_tree_buffer(item, buffer, size);
+}
+
+struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	do {
+		if (!obj)
+			return NULL;
+		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE)
+			return (struct tree *) obj;
+		else if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			obj = &(((struct commit *) obj)->tree->object);
+		else if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			obj = ((struct tag *) obj)->tagged;
+		else
+			return NULL;
+		if (!obj->parsed)
+			parse_object(obj->sha1);
+	} while (1);
+}
diff --git a/tree.h b/tree.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ff01a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef TREE_H
+#define TREE_H
+
+#include "object.h"
+
+extern const char *tree_type;
+
+struct tree {
+	struct object object;
+	void *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
+struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+int parse_tree(struct tree *tree);
+
+/* Parses and returns the tree in the given ent, chasing tags and commits. */
+struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+#define READ_TREE_RECURSIVE 1
+typedef int (*read_tree_fn_t)(const unsigned char *, const char *, int, const char *, unsigned int, int, void *);
+
+extern int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
+			       const char *base, int baselen,
+			       int stage, const char **match,
+			       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context);
+
+extern int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, const char **paths);
+
+#endif /* TREE_H */
diff --git a/unimplemented.sh b/unimplemented.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5252de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unimplemented.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+echo >&2 "fatal: git was built without support for `basename $0` (@@REASON@@)."
+exit 128
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75f54ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1450 @@
+#define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+
+/*
+ * Error messages expected by scripts out of plumbing commands such as
+ * read-tree.  Non-scripted Porcelain is not required to use these messages
+ * and in fact are encouraged to reword them to better suit their particular
+ * situation better.  See how "git checkout" replaces not_uptodate_file to
+ * explain why it does not allow switching between branches when you have
+ * local changes, for example.
+ */
+static struct unpack_trees_error_msgs unpack_plumbing_errors = {
+	/* would_overwrite */
+	"Entry '%s' would be overwritten by merge. Cannot merge.",
+
+	/* not_uptodate_file */
+	"Entry '%s' not uptodate. Cannot merge.",
+
+	/* not_uptodate_dir */
+	"Updating '%s' would lose untracked files in it",
+
+	/* would_lose_untracked */
+	"Untracked working tree file '%s' would be %s by merge.",
+
+	/* bind_overlap */
+	"Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind.",
+
+	/* sparse_not_uptodate_file */
+	"Entry '%s' not uptodate. Cannot update sparse checkout.",
+
+	/* would_lose_orphaned */
+	"Working tree file '%s' would be %s by sparse checkout update.",
+};
+
+#define ERRORMSG(o,fld) \
+	( ((o) && (o)->msgs.fld) \
+	? ((o)->msgs.fld) \
+	: (unpack_plumbing_errors.fld) )
+
+static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
+	unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+{
+	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
+	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
+
+	clear |= CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED;
+
+	memcpy(new, ce, size);
+	new->next = NULL;
+	new->ce_flags = (new->ce_flags & ~clear) | set;
+	add_index_entry(&o->result, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlink the last component and schedule the leading directories for
+ * removal, such that empty directories get removed.
+ */
+static void unlink_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	if (has_symlink_or_noent_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
+		return;
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+		if (rmdir(ce->name)) {
+			warning("unable to rmdir %s: %s",
+				ce->name, strerror(errno));
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		if (unlink_or_warn(ce->name))
+			return;
+	schedule_dir_for_removal(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+}
+
+static struct checkout state;
+static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	unsigned cnt = 0, total = 0;
+	struct progress *progress = NULL;
+	struct index_state *index = &o->result;
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+
+	if (o->update && o->verbose_update) {
+		for (total = cnt = 0; cnt < index->cache_nr; cnt++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
+			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_REMOVE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
+				total++;
+		}
+
+		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking out files",
+						total, 50, 1);
+		cnt = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (o->update)
+		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT, &o->result);
+	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_WT_REMOVE) {
+			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
+			if (o->update)
+				unlink_entry(ce);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
+			if (o->update)
+				unlink_entry(ce);
+		}
+	}
+	remove_marked_cache_entries(&o->result);
+	remove_scheduled_dirs();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE) {
+			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
+			ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UPDATE;
+			if (o->update) {
+				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	stop_progress(&progress);
+	if (o->update)
+		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_CHECKIN, NULL);
+	return errs != 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+
+static int will_have_skip_worktree(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	const char *basename;
+
+	if (ce_stage(ce))
+		return 0;
+
+	basename = strrchr(ce->name, '/');
+	basename = basename ? basename+1 : ce->name;
+	return excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), basename, NULL, o->el) <= 0;
+}
+
+static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	int was_skip_worktree = ce_skip_worktree(ce);
+
+	if (will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+	else
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only care about files getting into the checkout area
+	 * If merge strategies want to remove some, go ahead, this
+	 * flag will be removed eventually in unpack_trees() if it's
+	 * outside checkout area.
+	 */
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!was_skip_worktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		/*
+		 * If CE_UPDATE is set, verify_uptodate() must be called already
+		 * also stat info may have lost after merged_entry() so calling
+		 * verify_uptodate() again may fail
+		 */
+		if (!(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE) && verify_uptodate_sparse(ce, o))
+			return -1;
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_WT_REMOVE;
+	}
+	if (was_skip_worktree && !ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		if (verify_absent_sparse(ce, "overwritten", o))
+			return -1;
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int call_unpack_fn(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	int ret = o->fn(src, o);
+	if (ret > 0)
+		ret = 0;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void mark_ce_used(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNPACKED;
+
+	if (o->cache_bottom < o->src_index->cache_nr &&
+	    o->src_index->cache[o->cache_bottom] == ce) {
+		int bottom = o->cache_bottom;
+		while (bottom < o->src_index->cache_nr &&
+		       o->src_index->cache[bottom]->ce_flags & CE_UNPACKED)
+			bottom++;
+		o->cache_bottom = bottom;
+	}
+}
+
+static void mark_all_ce_unused(struct index_state *index)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++)
+		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNPACKED;
+}
+
+static int locate_in_src_index(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
+	int len = ce_namelen(ce);
+	int pos = index_name_pos(index, ce->name, len);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		pos = -1 - pos;
+	return pos;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We call unpack_index_entry() with an unmerged cache entry
+ * only in diff-index, and it wants a single callback.  Skip
+ * the other unmerged entry with the same name.
+ */
+static void mark_ce_used_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce,
+				   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
+	int len = ce_namelen(ce);
+	int pos;
+
+	for (pos = locate_in_src_index(ce, o); pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *next = index->cache[pos];
+		if (len != ce_namelen(next) ||
+		    memcmp(ce->name, next->name, len))
+			break;
+		mark_ce_used(next, o);
+	}
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *next_cache_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	const struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
+	int pos = o->cache_bottom;
+
+	while (pos < index->cache_nr) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
+		if (!(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNPACKED))
+			return ce;
+		pos++;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
+	int len = ce_namelen(ce);
+	int pos = index_name_pos(index, ce->name, len);
+
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		die("programming error in a caller of mark_ce_used_same_name");
+	for (pos = -pos - 1; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *next = index->cache[pos];
+		if (len != ce_namelen(next) ||
+		    memcmp(ce->name, next->name, len))
+			break;
+		add_entry(o, next, 0, 0);
+		mark_ce_used(next, o);
+	}
+}
+
+static int unpack_index_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *src[5] = { ce, NULL, };
+	int ret;
+
+	mark_ce_used(ce, o);
+	if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+		if (o->skip_unmerged) {
+			add_entry(o, ce, 0, 0);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = call_unpack_fn(src, o);
+	if (ce_stage(ce))
+		mark_ce_used_same_name(ce, o);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *, const struct name_entry *);
+
+static void restore_cache_bottom(struct traverse_info *info, int bottom)
+{
+	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
+
+	if (o->diff_index_cached)
+		return;
+	o->cache_bottom = bottom;
+}
+
+static int switch_cache_bottom(struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
+	int ret, pos;
+
+	if (o->diff_index_cached)
+		return 0;
+	ret = o->cache_bottom;
+	pos = find_cache_pos(info->prev, &info->name);
+
+	if (pos < -1)
+		o->cache_bottom = -2 - pos;
+	else if (pos < 0)
+		o->cache_bottom = o->src_index->cache_nr;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask, unsigned long df_conflicts, struct name_entry *names, struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	int i, ret, bottom;
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct traverse_info newinfo;
+	struct name_entry *p;
+
+	p = names;
+	while (!p->mode)
+		p++;
+
+	newinfo = *info;
+	newinfo.prev = info;
+	newinfo.name = *p;
+	newinfo.pathlen += tree_entry_len(p->path, p->sha1) + 1;
+	newinfo.conflicts |= df_conflicts;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, dirmask >>= 1) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1 = NULL;
+		if (dirmask & 1)
+			sha1 = names[i].sha1;
+		fill_tree_descriptor(t+i, sha1);
+	}
+
+	bottom = switch_cache_bottom(&newinfo);
+	ret = traverse_trees(n, t, &newinfo);
+	restore_cache_bottom(&newinfo, bottom);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare the traverse-path to the cache entry without actually
+ * having to generate the textual representation of the traverse
+ * path.
+ *
+ * NOTE! This *only* compares up to the size of the traverse path
+ * itself - the caller needs to do the final check for the cache
+ * entry having more data at the end!
+ */
+static int do_compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	int len, pathlen, ce_len;
+	const char *ce_name;
+
+	if (info->prev) {
+		int cmp = do_compare_entry(ce, info->prev, &info->name);
+		if (cmp)
+			return cmp;
+	}
+	pathlen = info->pathlen;
+	ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+	/* If ce_len < pathlen then we must have previously hit "name == directory" entry */
+	if (ce_len < pathlen)
+		return -1;
+
+	ce_len -= pathlen;
+	ce_name = ce->name + pathlen;
+
+	len = tree_entry_len(n->path, n->sha1);
+	return df_name_compare(ce_name, ce_len, S_IFREG, n->path, len, n->mode);
+}
+
+static int compare_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	int cmp = do_compare_entry(ce, info, n);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Even if the beginning compared identically, the ce should
+	 * compare as bigger than a directory leading up to it!
+	 */
+	return ce_namelen(ce) > traverse_path_len(info, n);
+}
+
+static int ce_in_traverse_path(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			       const struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	if (!info->prev)
+		return 1;
+	if (do_compare_entry(ce, info->prev, &info->name))
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * If ce (blob) is the same name as the path (which is a tree
+	 * we will be descending into), it won't be inside it.
+	 */
+	return (info->pathlen < ce_namelen(ce));
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *create_ce_entry(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_entry *n, int stage)
+{
+	int len = traverse_path_len(info, n);
+	struct cache_entry *ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+
+	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(n->mode);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, n->sha1);
+	make_traverse_path(ce->name, info, n);
+
+	return ce;
+}
+
+static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
+				 unsigned long dirmask,
+				 struct cache_entry **src,
+				 const struct name_entry *names,
+				 const struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
+	unsigned long conflicts;
+
+	/* Do we have *only* directories? Nothing to do */
+	if (mask == dirmask && !src[0])
+		return 0;
+
+	conflicts = info->conflicts;
+	if (o->merge)
+		conflicts >>= 1;
+	conflicts |= dirmask;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok, we've filled in up to any potential index entry in src[0],
+	 * now do the rest.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		int stage;
+		unsigned int bit = 1ul << i;
+		if (conflicts & bit) {
+			src[i + o->merge] = o->df_conflict_entry;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!(mask & bit))
+			continue;
+		if (!o->merge)
+			stage = 0;
+		else if (i + 1 < o->head_idx)
+			stage = 1;
+		else if (i + 1 > o->head_idx)
+			stage = 3;
+		else
+			stage = 2;
+		src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage);
+	}
+
+	if (o->merge)
+		return call_unpack_fn(src, o);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (src[i] && src[i] != o->df_conflict_entry)
+			add_entry(o, src[i], 0, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int unpack_failed(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *message)
+{
+	discard_index(&o->result);
+	if (!o->gently) {
+		if (message)
+			return error("%s", message);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* NEEDSWORK: give this a better name and share with tree-walk.c */
+static int name_compare(const char *a, int a_len,
+			const char *b, int b_len)
+{
+	int len = (a_len < b_len) ? a_len : b_len;
+	int cmp = memcmp(a, b, len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	return (a_len - b_len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The tree traversal is looking at name p.  If we have a matching entry,
+ * return it.  If name p is a directory in the index, do not return
+ * anything, as we will want to match it when the traversal descends into
+ * the directory.
+ */
+static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *info,
+			  const struct name_entry *p)
+{
+	int pos;
+	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
+	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
+	int pfxlen = info->pathlen;
+	int p_len = tree_entry_len(p->path, p->sha1);
+
+	for (pos = o->cache_bottom; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
+		const char *ce_name, *ce_slash;
+		int cmp, ce_len;
+
+		if (!ce_in_traverse_path(ce, info))
+			continue;
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UNPACKED)
+			continue;
+		ce_name = ce->name + pfxlen;
+		ce_slash = strchr(ce_name, '/');
+		if (ce_slash)
+			ce_len = ce_slash - ce_name;
+		else
+			ce_len = ce_namelen(ce) - pfxlen;
+		cmp = name_compare(p->path, p_len, ce_name, ce_len);
+		/*
+		 * Exact match; if we have a directory we need to
+		 * delay returning it.
+		 */
+		if (!cmp)
+			return ce_slash ? -2 - pos : pos;
+		if (0 < cmp)
+			continue; /* keep looking */
+		/*
+		 * ce_name sorts after p->path; could it be that we
+		 * have files under p->path directory in the index?
+		 * E.g.  ce_name == "t-i", and p->path == "t"; we may
+		 * have "t/a" in the index.
+		 */
+		if (p_len < ce_len && !memcmp(ce_name, p->path, p_len) &&
+		    ce_name[p_len] < '/')
+			continue; /* keep looking */
+		break;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *find_cache_entry(struct traverse_info *info,
+					    const struct name_entry *p)
+{
+	int pos = find_cache_pos(info, p);
+	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
+
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return o->src_index->cache[pos];
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static void debug_path(struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	if (info->prev) {
+		debug_path(info->prev);
+		if (*info->prev->name.path)
+			putchar('/');
+	}
+	printf("%s", info->name.path);
+}
+
+static void debug_name_entry(int i, struct name_entry *n)
+{
+	printf("ent#%d %06o %s\n", i,
+	       n->path ? n->mode : 0,
+	       n->path ? n->path : "(missing)");
+}
+
+static void debug_unpack_callback(int n,
+				  unsigned long mask,
+				  unsigned long dirmask,
+				  struct name_entry *names,
+				  struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	int i;
+	printf("* unpack mask %lu, dirmask %lu, cnt %d ",
+	       mask, dirmask, n);
+	debug_path(info);
+	putchar('\n');
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		debug_name_entry(i, names + i);
+}
+
+static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *names, struct traverse_info *info)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
+	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
+	const struct name_entry *p = names;
+
+	/* Find first entry with a real name (we could use "mask" too) */
+	while (!p->mode)
+		p++;
+
+	if (o->debug_unpack)
+		debug_unpack_callback(n, mask, dirmask, names, info);
+
+	/* Are we supposed to look at the index too? */
+	if (o->merge) {
+		while (1) {
+			int cmp;
+			struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+			if (o->diff_index_cached)
+				ce = next_cache_entry(o);
+			else
+				ce = find_cache_entry(info, p);
+
+			if (!ce)
+				break;
+			cmp = compare_entry(ce, info, p);
+			if (cmp < 0) {
+				if (unpack_index_entry(ce, o) < 0)
+					return unpack_failed(o, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!cmp) {
+				if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+					/*
+					 * If we skip unmerged index
+					 * entries, we'll skip this
+					 * entry *and* the tree
+					 * entries associated with it!
+					 */
+					if (o->skip_unmerged) {
+						add_same_unmerged(ce, o);
+						return mask;
+					}
+				}
+				src[0] = ce;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (unpack_nondirectories(n, mask, dirmask, src, names, info) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (src[0]) {
+		if (ce_stage(src[0]))
+			mark_ce_used_same_name(src[0], o);
+		else
+			mark_ce_used(src[0], o);
+	}
+
+	/* Now handle any directories.. */
+	if (dirmask) {
+		unsigned long conflicts = mask & ~dirmask;
+		if (o->merge) {
+			conflicts <<= 1;
+			if (src[0])
+				conflicts |= 1;
+		}
+
+		/* special case: "diff-index --cached" looking at a tree */
+		if (o->diff_index_cached &&
+		    n == 1 && dirmask == 1 && S_ISDIR(names->mode)) {
+			int matches;
+			matches = cache_tree_matches_traversal(o->src_index->cache_tree,
+							       names, info);
+			/*
+			 * Everything under the name matches; skip the
+			 * entire hierarchy.  diff_index_cached codepath
+			 * special cases D/F conflicts in such a way that
+			 * it does not do any look-ahead, so this is safe.
+			 */
+			if (matches) {
+				o->cache_bottom += matches;
+				return mask;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, conflicts,
+					     names, info) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return mask;
+	}
+
+	return mask;
+}
+
+/*
+ * N-way merge "len" trees.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure to manipulate the
+ * resulting index, -2 on failure to reflect the changes to the work tree.
+ */
+int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+	static struct cache_entry *dfc;
+	struct exclude_list el;
+
+	if (len > MAX_UNPACK_TREES)
+		die("unpack_trees takes at most %d trees", MAX_UNPACK_TREES);
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	state.base_dir = "";
+	state.force = 1;
+	state.quiet = 1;
+	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+
+	memset(&el, 0, sizeof(el));
+	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout || !o->update)
+		o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
+		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, NULL, &el, 0) < 0)
+			o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
+		else
+			o->el = &el;
+	}
+
+	memset(&o->result, 0, sizeof(o->result));
+	o->result.initialized = 1;
+	o->result.timestamp.sec = o->src_index->timestamp.sec;
+	o->result.timestamp.nsec = o->src_index->timestamp.nsec;
+	o->merge_size = len;
+	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
+
+	if (!dfc)
+		dfc = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(0));
+	o->df_conflict_entry = dfc;
+
+	if (len) {
+		const char *prefix = o->prefix ? o->prefix : "";
+		struct traverse_info info;
+
+		setup_traverse_info(&info, prefix);
+		info.fn = unpack_callback;
+		info.data = o;
+
+		if (o->prefix) {
+			/*
+			 * Unpack existing index entries that sort before the
+			 * prefix the tree is spliced into.  Note that o->merge
+			 * is always true in this case.
+			 */
+			while (1) {
+				struct cache_entry *ce = next_cache_entry(o);
+				if (!ce)
+					break;
+				if (ce_in_traverse_path(ce, &info))
+					break;
+				if (unpack_index_entry(ce, o) < 0)
+					goto return_failed;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (traverse_trees(len, t, &info) < 0)
+			goto return_failed;
+	}
+
+	/* Any left-over entries in the index? */
+	if (o->merge) {
+		while (1) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = next_cache_entry(o);
+			if (!ce)
+				break;
+			if (unpack_index_entry(ce, o) < 0)
+				goto return_failed;
+		}
+	}
+	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
+
+	if (o->trivial_merges_only && o->nontrivial_merge) {
+		ret = unpack_failed(o, "Merge requires file-level merging");
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
+		int empty_worktree = 1;
+		for (i = 0;i < o->result.cache_nr;i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = o->result.cache[i];
+
+			if (apply_sparse_checkout(ce, o)) {
+				ret = -1;
+				goto done;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * Merge strategies may set CE_UPDATE|CE_REMOVE outside checkout
+			 * area as a result of ce_skip_worktree() shortcuts in
+			 * verify_absent() and verify_uptodate(). Clear them.
+			 */
+			if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+				ce->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UPDATE | CE_REMOVE);
+			else
+				empty_worktree = 0;
+
+		}
+		if (o->result.cache_nr && empty_worktree) {
+			ret = unpack_failed(o, "Sparse checkout leaves no entry on working directory");
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	o->src_index = NULL;
+	ret = check_updates(o) ? (-2) : 0;
+	if (o->dst_index)
+		*o->dst_index = o->result;
+
+done:
+	for (i = 0;i < el.nr;i++)
+		free(el.excludes[i]);
+	if (el.excludes)
+		free(el.excludes);
+
+	return ret;
+
+return_failed:
+	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
+	ret = unpack_failed(o, NULL);
+	goto done;
+}
+
+/* Here come the merge functions */
+
+static int reject_merge(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	return error(ERRORMSG(o, would_overwrite), ce->name);
+}
+
+static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+{
+	if (!!a != !!b)
+		return 0;
+	if (!a && !b)
+		return 1;
+	if ((a->ce_flags | b->ce_flags) & CE_CONFLICTED)
+		return 0;
+	return a->ce_mode == b->ce_mode &&
+	       !hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * When a CE gets turned into an unmerged entry, we
+ * want it to be up-to-date
+ */
+static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
+				   struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+				   const char *error_msg)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (o->index_only || (!ce_skip_worktree(ce) && (o->reset || ce_uptodate(ce))))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!lstat(ce->name, &st)) {
+		unsigned changed = ie_match_stat(o->src_index, ce, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+		if (!changed)
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * NEEDSWORK: the current default policy is to allow
+		 * submodule to be out of sync wrt the supermodule
+		 * index.  This needs to be tightened later for
+		 * submodules that are marked to be automatically
+		 * checked out.
+		 */
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			return 0;
+		errno = 0;
+	}
+	if (errno == ENOENT)
+		return 0;
+	return o->gently ? -1 :
+		error(error_msg, ce->name);
+}
+
+static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+		return 0;
+	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERRORMSG(o, not_uptodate_file));
+}
+
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERRORMSG(o, sparse_not_uptodate_file));
+}
+
+static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	if (ce)
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index->cache_tree, ce->name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that checking out ce->sha1 in subdir ce->name is not
+ * going to overwrite any working files.
+ *
+ * Currently, git does not checkout subprojects during a superproject
+ * checkout, so it is not going to overwrite anything.
+ */
+static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	/*
+	 * we are about to extract "ce->name"; we would not want to lose
+	 * anything in the existing directory there.
+	 */
+	int namelen;
+	int i;
+	struct dir_struct d;
+	char *pathbuf;
+	int cnt = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+	    resolve_gitlink_ref(ce->name, "HEAD", sha1) == 0) {
+		/* If we are not going to update the submodule, then
+		 * we don't care.
+		 */
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1))
+			return 0;
+		return verify_clean_submodule(ce, action, o);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * First let's make sure we do not have a local modification
+	 * in that directory.
+	 */
+	namelen = strlen(ce->name);
+	for (i = locate_in_src_index(ce, o);
+	     i < o->src_index->cache_nr;
+	     i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce2 = o->src_index->cache[i];
+		int len = ce_namelen(ce2);
+		if (len < namelen ||
+		    strncmp(ce->name, ce2->name, namelen) ||
+		    ce2->name[namelen] != '/')
+			break;
+		/*
+		 * ce2->name is an entry in the subdirectory to be
+		 * removed.
+		 */
+		if (!ce_stage(ce2)) {
+			if (verify_uptodate(ce2, o))
+				return -1;
+			add_entry(o, ce2, CE_REMOVE, 0);
+			mark_ce_used(ce2, o);
+		}
+		cnt++;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Then we need to make sure that we do not lose a locally
+	 * present file that is not ignored.
+	 */
+	pathbuf = xmalloc(namelen + 2);
+	memcpy(pathbuf, ce->name, namelen);
+	strcpy(pathbuf+namelen, "/");
+
+	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
+	if (o->dir)
+		d.exclude_per_dir = o->dir->exclude_per_dir;
+	i = read_directory(&d, pathbuf, namelen+1, NULL);
+	if (i)
+		return o->gently ? -1 :
+			error(ERRORMSG(o, not_uptodate_dir), ce->name);
+	free(pathbuf);
+	return cnt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This gets called when there was no index entry for the tree entry 'dst',
+ * but we found a file in the working tree that 'lstat()' said was fine,
+ * and we're on a case-insensitive filesystem.
+ *
+ * See if we can find a case-insensitive match in the index that also
+ * matches the stat information, and assume it's that other file!
+ */
+static int icase_exists(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *dst, struct stat *st)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *src;
+
+	src = index_name_exists(o->src_index, dst->name, ce_namelen(dst), 1);
+	return src && !ie_match_stat(o->src_index, src, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We do not want to remove or overwrite a working tree file that
+ * is not tracked, unless it is ignored.
+ */
+static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+				 const char *error_msg)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (o->index_only || o->reset || !o->update)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (has_symlink_or_noent_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!lstat(ce->name, &st)) {
+		int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+		struct cache_entry *result;
+
+		/*
+		 * It may be that the 'lstat()' succeeded even though
+		 * target 'ce' was absent, because there is an old
+		 * entry that is different only in case..
+		 *
+		 * Ignore that lstat() if it matches.
+		 */
+		if (ignore_case && icase_exists(o, ce, &st))
+			return 0;
+
+		if (o->dir && excluded(o->dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			/*
+			 * ce->name is explicitly excluded, so it is Ok to
+			 * overwrite it.
+			 */
+			return 0;
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			/*
+			 * We are checking out path "foo" and
+			 * found "foo/." in the working tree.
+			 * This is tricky -- if we have modified
+			 * files that are in "foo/" we would lose
+			 * them.
+			 */
+			if (verify_clean_subdirectory(ce, action, o) < 0)
+				return -1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * The previous round may already have decided to
+		 * delete this path, which is in a subdirectory that
+		 * is being replaced with a blob.
+		 */
+		result = index_name_exists(&o->result, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0);
+		if (result) {
+			if (result->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+				return 0;
+		}
+
+		return o->gently ? -1 :
+			error(ERRORMSG(o, would_lose_untracked), ce->name, action);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+		return 0;
+	return verify_absent_1(ce, action, o, ERRORMSG(o, would_lose_untracked));
+}
+
+static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	return verify_absent_1(ce, action, o, ERRORMSG(o, would_lose_orphaned));
+}
+
+static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
+		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	int update = CE_UPDATE;
+
+	if (!old) {
+		if (verify_absent(merge, "overwritten", o))
+			return -1;
+		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
+	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
+		/*
+		 * See if we can re-use the old CE directly?
+		 * That way we get the uptodate stat info.
+		 *
+		 * This also removes the UPDATE flag on a match; otherwise
+		 * we will end up overwriting local changes in the work tree.
+		 */
+		if (same(old, merge)) {
+			copy_cache_entry(merge, old);
+			update = 0;
+		} else {
+			if (verify_uptodate(old, o))
+				return -1;
+			if (ce_skip_worktree(old))
+				update |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+			invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Previously unmerged entry left as an existence
+		 * marker by read_index_unmerged();
+		 */
+		invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
+	}
+
+	add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
+		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	/* Did it exist in the index? */
+	if (!old) {
+		if (verify_absent(ce, "removed", o))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED) && verify_uptodate(old, o))
+		return -1;
+	add_entry(o, ce, CE_REMOVE, 0);
+	invalidate_ce_path(ce, o);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int keep_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	add_entry(o, ce, 0, 0);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#if DBRT_DEBUG
+static void show_stage_entry(FILE *o,
+			     const char *label, const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	if (!ce)
+		fprintf(o, "%s (missing)\n", label);
+	else
+		fprintf(o, "%s%06o %s %d\t%s\n",
+			label,
+			ce->ce_mode,
+			sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1),
+			ce_stage(ce),
+			ce->name);
+}
+#endif
+
+int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *index;
+	struct cache_entry *head;
+	struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
+	int count;
+	int head_match = 0;
+	int remote_match = 0;
+
+	int df_conflict_head = 0;
+	int df_conflict_remote = 0;
+
+	int any_anc_missing = 0;
+	int no_anc_exists = 1;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < o->head_idx; i++) {
+		if (!stages[i] || stages[i] == o->df_conflict_entry)
+			any_anc_missing = 1;
+		else
+			no_anc_exists = 0;
+	}
+
+	index = stages[0];
+	head = stages[o->head_idx];
+
+	if (head == o->df_conflict_entry) {
+		df_conflict_head = 1;
+		head = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (remote == o->df_conflict_entry) {
+		df_conflict_remote = 1;
+		remote = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * First, if there's a #16 situation, note that to prevent #13
+	 * and #14.
+	 */
+	if (!same(remote, head)) {
+		for (i = 1; i < o->head_idx; i++) {
+			if (same(stages[i], head)) {
+				head_match = i;
+			}
+			if (same(stages[i], remote)) {
+				remote_match = i;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We start with cases where the index is allowed to match
+	 * something other than the head: #14(ALT) and #2ALT, where it
+	 * is permitted to match the result instead.
+	 */
+	/* #14, #14ALT, #2ALT */
+	if (remote && !df_conflict_head && head_match && !remote_match) {
+		if (index && !same(index, remote) && !same(index, head))
+			return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(index, o);
+		return merged_entry(remote, index, o);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If we have an entry in the index cache, then we want to
+	 * make sure that it matches head.
+	 */
+	if (index && !same(index, head))
+		return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(index, o);
+
+	if (head) {
+		/* #5ALT, #15 */
+		if (same(head, remote))
+			return merged_entry(head, index, o);
+		/* #13, #3ALT */
+		if (!df_conflict_remote && remote_match && !head_match)
+			return merged_entry(head, index, o);
+	}
+
+	/* #1 */
+	if (!head && !remote && any_anc_missing)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Under the "aggressive" rule, we resolve mostly trivial
+	 * cases that we historically had git-merge-one-file resolve.
+	 */
+	if (o->aggressive) {
+		int head_deleted = !head;
+		int remote_deleted = !remote;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+
+		if (index)
+			ce = index;
+		else if (head)
+			ce = head;
+		else if (remote)
+			ce = remote;
+		else {
+			for (i = 1; i < o->head_idx; i++) {
+				if (stages[i] && stages[i] != o->df_conflict_entry) {
+					ce = stages[i];
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Deleted in both.
+		 * Deleted in one and unchanged in the other.
+		 */
+		if ((head_deleted && remote_deleted) ||
+		    (head_deleted && remote && remote_match) ||
+		    (remote_deleted && head && head_match)) {
+			if (index)
+				return deleted_entry(index, index, o);
+			if (ce && !head_deleted) {
+				if (verify_absent(ce, "removed", o))
+					return -1;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Added in both, identically.
+		 */
+		if (no_anc_exists && head && remote && same(head, remote))
+			return merged_entry(head, index, o);
+
+	}
+
+	/* Below are "no merge" cases, which require that the index be
+	 * up-to-date to avoid the files getting overwritten with
+	 * conflict resolution files.
+	 */
+	if (index) {
+		if (verify_uptodate(index, o))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	o->nontrivial_merge = 1;
+
+	/* #2, #3, #4, #6, #7, #9, #10, #11. */
+	count = 0;
+	if (!head_match || !remote_match) {
+		for (i = 1; i < o->head_idx; i++) {
+			if (stages[i] && stages[i] != o->df_conflict_entry) {
+				keep_entry(stages[i], o);
+				count++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#if DBRT_DEBUG
+	else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "read-tree: warning #16 detected\n");
+		show_stage_entry(stderr, "head   ", stages[head_match]);
+		show_stage_entry(stderr, "remote ", stages[remote_match]);
+	}
+#endif
+	if (head) { count += keep_entry(head, o); }
+	if (remote) { count += keep_entry(remote, o); }
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Two-way merge.
+ *
+ * The rule is to "carry forward" what is in the index without losing
+ * information across a "fast-forward", favoring a successful merge
+ * over a merge failure when it makes sense.  For details of the
+ * "carry forward" rule, please see <Documentation/git-read-tree.txt>.
+ *
+ */
+int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
+	struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
+	struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
+
+	if (o->merge_size != 2)
+		return error("Cannot do a twoway merge of %d trees",
+			     o->merge_size);
+
+	if (oldtree == o->df_conflict_entry)
+		oldtree = NULL;
+	if (newtree == o->df_conflict_entry)
+		newtree = NULL;
+
+	if (current) {
+		if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
+		    (!oldtree && newtree &&
+		     same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
+		    (oldtree && newtree &&
+		     same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
+		    (oldtree && newtree &&
+		     !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
+		     same(current, newtree))) {
+			return keep_entry(current, o);
+		}
+		else if (oldtree && !newtree && same(current, oldtree)) {
+			/* 10 or 11 */
+			return deleted_entry(oldtree, current, o);
+		}
+		else if (oldtree && newtree &&
+			 same(current, oldtree) && !same(current, newtree)) {
+			/* 20 or 21 */
+			return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
+		}
+		else {
+			/* all other failures */
+			if (oldtree)
+				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(oldtree, o);
+			if (current)
+				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(current, o);
+			if (newtree)
+				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(newtree, o);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (newtree) {
+		if (oldtree && !o->initial_checkout) {
+			/*
+			 * deletion of the path was staged;
+			 */
+			if (same(oldtree, newtree))
+				return 1;
+			return reject_merge(oldtree, o);
+		}
+		return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
+	}
+	return deleted_entry(oldtree, current, o);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Bind merge.
+ *
+ * Keep the index entries at stage0, collapse stage1 but make sure
+ * stage0 does not have anything there.
+ */
+int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
+		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+
+	if (o->merge_size != 1)
+		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees\n",
+			     o->merge_size);
+	if (a && old)
+		return o->gently ? -1 :
+			error(ERRORMSG(o, bind_overlap), a->name, old->name);
+	if (!a)
+		return keep_entry(old, o);
+	else
+		return merged_entry(a, NULL, o);
+}
+
+/*
+ * One-way merge.
+ *
+ * The rule is:
+ * - take the stat information from stage0, take the data from stage1
+ */
+int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+
+	if (o->merge_size != 1)
+		return error("Cannot do a oneway merge of %d trees",
+			     o->merge_size);
+
+	if (!a || a == o->df_conflict_entry)
+		return deleted_entry(old, old, o);
+
+	if (old && same(old, a)) {
+		int update = 0;
+		if (o->reset && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (lstat(old->name, &st) ||
+			    ie_match_stat(o->src_index, old, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE))
+				update |= CE_UPDATE;
+		}
+		add_entry(o, old, update, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return merged_entry(a, old, o);
+}
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef70eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#ifndef UNPACK_TREES_H
+#define UNPACK_TREES_H
+
+#define MAX_UNPACK_TREES 8
+
+struct unpack_trees_options;
+struct exclude_list;
+
+typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(struct cache_entry **src,
+		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
+
+struct unpack_trees_error_msgs {
+	const char *would_overwrite;
+	const char *not_uptodate_file;
+	const char *not_uptodate_dir;
+	const char *would_lose_untracked;
+	const char *bind_overlap;
+	const char *sparse_not_uptodate_file;
+	const char *would_lose_orphaned;
+};
+
+struct unpack_trees_options {
+	unsigned int reset,
+		     merge,
+		     update,
+		     index_only,
+		     nontrivial_merge,
+		     trivial_merges_only,
+		     verbose_update,
+		     aggressive,
+		     skip_unmerged,
+		     initial_checkout,
+		     diff_index_cached,
+		     debug_unpack,
+		     skip_sparse_checkout,
+		     gently;
+	const char *prefix;
+	int cache_bottom;
+	struct dir_struct *dir;
+	merge_fn_t fn;
+	struct unpack_trees_error_msgs msgs;
+
+	int head_idx;
+	int merge_size;
+
+	struct cache_entry *df_conflict_entry;
+	void *unpack_data;
+
+	struct index_state *dst_index;
+	struct index_state *src_index;
+	struct index_state result;
+
+	struct exclude_list *el; /* for internal use */
+};
+
+extern int unpack_trees(unsigned n, struct tree_desc *t,
+		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
+
+int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df15181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=nn] <dir>";
+
+/* bits #0..7 in revision.h, #8..10 in commit.c */
+#define THEY_HAVE	(1u << 11)
+#define OUR_REF		(1u << 12)
+#define WANTED		(1u << 13)
+#define COMMON_KNOWN	(1u << 14)
+#define REACHABLE	(1u << 15)
+
+#define SHALLOW		(1u << 16)
+#define NOT_SHALLOW	(1u << 17)
+#define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
+
+static unsigned long oldest_have;
+
+static int multi_ack, nr_our_refs;
+static int use_thin_pack, use_ofs_delta, use_include_tag;
+static int no_progress, daemon_mode;
+static int shallow_nr;
+static struct object_array have_obj;
+static struct object_array want_obj;
+static struct object_array extra_edge_obj;
+static unsigned int timeout;
+/* 0 for no sideband,
+ * otherwise maximum packet size (up to 65520 bytes).
+ */
+static int use_sideband;
+static int debug_fd;
+static int advertise_refs;
+static int stateless_rpc;
+
+static void reset_timeout(void)
+{
+	alarm(timeout);
+}
+
+static int strip(char *line, int len)
+{
+	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
+		line[--len] = 0;
+	return len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
+{
+	if (use_sideband)
+		return send_sideband(1, fd, data, sz, use_sideband);
+	if (fd == 3)
+		/* emergency quit */
+		fd = 2;
+	if (fd == 2) {
+		/* XXX: are we happy to lose stuff here? */
+		xwrite(fd, data, sz);
+		return sz;
+	}
+	return safe_write(fd, data, sz);
+}
+
+static FILE *pack_pipe = NULL;
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
+		fputc('-', pack_pipe);
+	if (fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), pack_pipe) < 0)
+		die("broken output pipe");
+	fputc('\n', pack_pipe);
+	fflush(pack_pipe);
+	free(commit->buffer);
+	commit->buffer = NULL;
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
+{
+	/* An object with name "foo\n0000000..." can be used to
+	 * confuse downstream git-pack-objects very badly.
+	 */
+	const char *name = path_name(path, component);
+	const char *ep = strchr(name, '\n');
+	if (ep) {
+		fprintf(pack_pipe, "%s %.*s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1),
+		       (int) (ep - name),
+		       name);
+	}
+	else
+		fprintf(pack_pipe, "%s %s\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	free((char *)name);
+}
+
+static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+}
+
+static int do_rev_list(int fd, void *create_full_pack)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct rev_info revs;
+
+	pack_pipe = xfdopen(fd, "w");
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	revs.tag_objects = 1;
+	revs.tree_objects = 1;
+	revs.blob_objects = 1;
+	if (use_thin_pack)
+		revs.edge_hint = 1;
+
+	if (create_full_pack) {
+		const char *args[] = {"rev-list", "--all", NULL};
+		setup_revisions(2, args, &revs, NULL);
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
+			/* why??? */
+			o->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
+			add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *o = have_obj.objects[i].item;
+			o->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
+		}
+		setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
+	}
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+	if (use_thin_pack)
+		for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(
+					extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
+	fflush(pack_pipe);
+	fclose(pack_pipe);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void create_pack_file(void)
+{
+	struct async rev_list;
+	struct child_process pack_objects;
+	int create_full_pack = (nr_our_refs == want_obj.nr && !have_obj.nr);
+	char data[8193], progress[128];
+	char abort_msg[] = "aborting due to possible repository "
+		"corruption on the remote side.";
+	int buffered = -1;
+	ssize_t sz;
+	const char *argv[10];
+	int arg = 0;
+
+	if (shallow_nr) {
+		rev_list.proc = do_rev_list;
+		rev_list.data = 0;
+		if (start_async(&rev_list))
+			die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-rev-list");
+		argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
+	} else {
+		argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
+		argv[arg++] = "--revs";
+		if (create_full_pack)
+			argv[arg++] = "--all";
+		else if (use_thin_pack)
+			argv[arg++] = "--thin";
+	}
+
+	argv[arg++] = "--stdout";
+	if (!no_progress)
+		argv[arg++] = "--progress";
+	if (use_ofs_delta)
+		argv[arg++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+	if (use_include_tag)
+		argv[arg++] = "--include-tag";
+	argv[arg++] = NULL;
+
+	memset(&pack_objects, 0, sizeof(pack_objects));
+	pack_objects.in = shallow_nr ? rev_list.out : -1;
+	pack_objects.out = -1;
+	pack_objects.err = -1;
+	pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
+	pack_objects.argv = argv;
+
+	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
+		die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-pack-objects");
+
+	/* pass on revisions we (don't) want */
+	if (!shallow_nr) {
+		FILE *pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
+		if (!create_full_pack) {
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+			fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
+			for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+		}
+
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
+		fflush(pipe_fd);
+		fclose(pipe_fd);
+	}
+
+
+	/* We read from pack_objects.err to capture stderr output for
+	 * progress bar, and pack_objects.out to capture the pack data.
+	 */
+
+	while (1) {
+		struct pollfd pfd[2];
+		int pe, pu, pollsize;
+
+		reset_timeout();
+
+		pollsize = 0;
+		pe = pu = -1;
+
+		if (0 <= pack_objects.out) {
+			pfd[pollsize].fd = pack_objects.out;
+			pfd[pollsize].events = POLLIN;
+			pu = pollsize;
+			pollsize++;
+		}
+		if (0 <= pack_objects.err) {
+			pfd[pollsize].fd = pack_objects.err;
+			pfd[pollsize].events = POLLIN;
+			pe = pollsize;
+			pollsize++;
+		}
+
+		if (!pollsize)
+			break;
+
+		if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
+			if (errno != EINTR) {
+				error("poll failed, resuming: %s",
+				      strerror(errno));
+				sleep(1);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (0 <= pe && (pfd[pe].revents & (POLLIN|POLLHUP))) {
+			/* Status ready; we ship that in the side-band
+			 * or dump to the standard error.
+			 */
+			sz = xread(pack_objects.err, progress,
+				  sizeof(progress));
+			if (0 < sz)
+				send_client_data(2, progress, sz);
+			else if (sz == 0) {
+				close(pack_objects.err);
+				pack_objects.err = -1;
+			}
+			else
+				goto fail;
+			/* give priority to status messages */
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (0 <= pu && (pfd[pu].revents & (POLLIN|POLLHUP))) {
+			/* Data ready; we keep the last byte to ourselves
+			 * in case we detect broken rev-list, so that we
+			 * can leave the stream corrupted.  This is
+			 * unfortunate -- unpack-objects would happily
+			 * accept a valid packdata with trailing garbage,
+			 * so appending garbage after we pass all the
+			 * pack data is not good enough to signal
+			 * breakage to downstream.
+			 */
+			char *cp = data;
+			ssize_t outsz = 0;
+			if (0 <= buffered) {
+				*cp++ = buffered;
+				outsz++;
+			}
+			sz = xread(pack_objects.out, cp,
+				  sizeof(data) - outsz);
+			if (0 < sz)
+				;
+			else if (sz == 0) {
+				close(pack_objects.out);
+				pack_objects.out = -1;
+			}
+			else
+				goto fail;
+			sz += outsz;
+			if (1 < sz) {
+				buffered = data[sz-1] & 0xFF;
+				sz--;
+			}
+			else
+				buffered = -1;
+			sz = send_client_data(1, data, sz);
+			if (sz < 0)
+				goto fail;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&pack_objects)) {
+		error("git upload-pack: git-pack-objects died with error.");
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	if (shallow_nr && finish_async(&rev_list))
+		goto fail;	/* error was already reported */
+
+	/* flush the data */
+	if (0 <= buffered) {
+		data[0] = buffered;
+		sz = send_client_data(1, data, 1);
+		if (sz < 0)
+			goto fail;
+		fprintf(stderr, "flushed.\n");
+	}
+	if (use_sideband)
+		packet_flush(1);
+	return;
+
+ fail:
+	send_client_data(3, abort_msg, sizeof(abort_msg));
+	die("git upload-pack: %s", abort_msg);
+}
+
+static int got_sha1(char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o;
+	int we_knew_they_have = 0;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+		die("git upload-pack: expected SHA1 object, got '%s'", hex);
+	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return -1;
+
+	o = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (!(o && o->parsed))
+		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!o)
+		die("oops (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		if (o->flags & THEY_HAVE)
+			we_knew_they_have = 1;
+		else
+			o->flags |= THEY_HAVE;
+		if (!oldest_have || (commit->date < oldest_have))
+			oldest_have = commit->date;
+		for (parents = commit->parents;
+		     parents;
+		     parents = parents->next)
+			parents->item->object.flags |= THEY_HAVE;
+	}
+	if (!we_knew_they_have) {
+		add_object_array(o, NULL, &have_obj);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int reachable(struct commit *want)
+{
+	struct commit_list *work = NULL;
+
+	insert_by_date(want, &work);
+	while (work) {
+		struct commit_list *list = work->next;
+		struct commit *commit = work->item;
+		free(work);
+		work = list;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & THEY_HAVE) {
+			want->object.flags |= COMMON_KNOWN;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!commit->object.parsed)
+			parse_object(commit->object.sha1);
+		if (commit->object.flags & REACHABLE)
+			continue;
+		commit->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
+		if (commit->date < oldest_have)
+			continue;
+		for (list = commit->parents; list; list = list->next) {
+			struct commit *parent = list->item;
+			if (!(parent->object.flags & REACHABLE))
+				insert_by_date(parent, &work);
+		}
+	}
+	want->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
+	clear_commit_marks(want, REACHABLE);
+	free_commit_list(work);
+	return (want->object.flags & COMMON_KNOWN);
+}
+
+static int ok_to_give_up(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!have_obj.nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *want = want_obj.objects[i].item;
+
+		if (want->flags & COMMON_KNOWN)
+			continue;
+		want = deref_tag(want, "a want line", 0);
+		if (!want || want->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			/* no way to tell if this is reachable by
+			 * looking at the ancestry chain alone, so
+			 * leave a note to ourselves not to worry about
+			 * this object anymore.
+			 */
+			want_obj.objects[i].item->flags |= COMMON_KNOWN;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!reachable((struct commit *)want))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int get_common_commits(void)
+{
+	static char line[1000];
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char last_hex[41];
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		reset_timeout();
+
+		if (!len) {
+			if (have_obj.nr == 0 || multi_ack)
+				packet_write(1, "NAK\n");
+			if (stateless_rpc)
+				exit(0);
+			continue;
+		}
+		strip(line, len);
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "have ")) {
+			switch (got_sha1(line+5, sha1)) {
+			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
+				if (multi_ack && ok_to_give_up()) {
+					const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+					if (multi_ack == 2)
+						packet_write(1, "ACK %s ready\n", hex);
+					else
+						packet_write(1, "ACK %s continue\n", hex);
+				}
+				break;
+			default:
+				memcpy(last_hex, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 41);
+				if (multi_ack == 2)
+					packet_write(1, "ACK %s common\n", last_hex);
+				else if (multi_ack)
+					packet_write(1, "ACK %s continue\n", last_hex);
+				else if (have_obj.nr == 1)
+					packet_write(1, "ACK %s\n", last_hex);
+				break;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(line, "done")) {
+			if (have_obj.nr > 0) {
+				if (multi_ack)
+					packet_write(1, "ACK %s\n", last_hex);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			packet_write(1, "NAK\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		die("git upload-pack: expected SHA1 list, got '%s'", line);
+	}
+}
+
+static void receive_needs(void)
+{
+	struct object_array shallows = {0, 0, NULL};
+	static char line[1000];
+	int len, depth = 0;
+
+	shallow_nr = 0;
+	if (debug_fd)
+		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#S\n");
+	for (;;) {
+		struct object *o;
+		unsigned char sha1_buf[20];
+		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		reset_timeout();
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		if (debug_fd)
+			write_in_full(debug_fd, line, len);
+
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			struct object *object;
+			if (get_sha1(line + 8, sha1))
+				die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
+			object = parse_object(sha1);
+			if (!object)
+				die("did not find object for %s", line);
+			object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+			add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(line, "deepen ")) {
+			char *end;
+			depth = strtol(line + 7, &end, 0);
+			if (end == line + 7 || depth <= 0)
+				die("Invalid deepen: %s", line);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (prefixcmp(line, "want ") ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(line+5, sha1_buf))
+			die("git upload-pack: protocol error, "
+			    "expected to get sha, not '%s'", line);
+		if (strstr(line+45, "multi_ack_detailed"))
+			multi_ack = 2;
+		else if (strstr(line+45, "multi_ack"))
+			multi_ack = 1;
+		if (strstr(line+45, "thin-pack"))
+			use_thin_pack = 1;
+		if (strstr(line+45, "ofs-delta"))
+			use_ofs_delta = 1;
+		if (strstr(line+45, "side-band-64k"))
+			use_sideband = LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
+		else if (strstr(line+45, "side-band"))
+			use_sideband = DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX;
+		if (strstr(line+45, "no-progress"))
+			no_progress = 1;
+		if (strstr(line+45, "include-tag"))
+			use_include_tag = 1;
+
+		/* We have sent all our refs already, and the other end
+		 * should have chosen out of them; otherwise they are
+		 * asking for nonsense.
+		 *
+		 * Hmph.  We may later want to allow "want" line that
+		 * asks for something like "master~10" (symbolic)...
+		 * would it make sense?  I don't know.
+		 */
+		o = lookup_object(sha1_buf);
+		if (!o || !(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s", line+5);
+		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
+			o->flags |= WANTED;
+			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
+		}
+	}
+	if (debug_fd)
+		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#E\n");
+
+	if (!use_sideband && daemon_mode)
+		no_progress = 1;
+
+	if (depth == 0 && shallows.nr == 0)
+		return;
+	if (depth > 0) {
+		struct commit_list *result, *backup;
+		int i;
+		backup = result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+			SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
+		while (result) {
+			struct object *object = &result->item->object;
+			if (!(object->flags & (CLIENT_SHALLOW|NOT_SHALLOW))) {
+				packet_write(1, "shallow %s",
+						sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+				register_shallow(object->sha1);
+				shallow_nr++;
+			}
+			result = result->next;
+		}
+		free_commit_list(backup);
+		for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *object = shallows.objects[i].item;
+			if (object->flags & NOT_SHALLOW) {
+				struct commit_list *parents;
+				packet_write(1, "unshallow %s",
+					sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+				object->flags &= ~CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+				/* make sure the real parents are parsed */
+				unregister_shallow(object->sha1);
+				object->parsed = 0;
+				if (parse_commit((struct commit *)object))
+					die("invalid commit");
+				parents = ((struct commit *)object)->parents;
+				while (parents) {
+					add_object_array(&parents->item->object,
+							NULL, &want_obj);
+					parents = parents->next;
+				}
+				add_object_array(object, NULL, &extra_edge_obj);
+			}
+			/* make sure commit traversal conforms to client */
+			register_shallow(object->sha1);
+		}
+		packet_flush(1);
+	} else
+		if (shallows.nr > 0) {
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++)
+				register_shallow(shallows.objects[i].item->sha1);
+		}
+
+	shallow_nr += shallows.nr;
+	free(shallows.objects);
+}
+
+static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band"
+		" side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress"
+		" include-tag multi_ack_detailed";
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	if (!o)
+		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (capabilities)
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname,
+			0, capabilities);
+	else
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname);
+	capabilities = NULL;
+	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
+		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+		nr_our_refs++;
+	}
+	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		o = deref_tag(o, refname, 0);
+		if (o)
+			packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), refname);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (!o)
+		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
+		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+		nr_our_refs++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void upload_pack(void)
+{
+	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
+		reset_timeout();
+		head_ref(send_ref, NULL);
+		for_each_ref(send_ref, NULL);
+		packet_flush(1);
+	} else {
+		head_ref(mark_our_ref, NULL);
+		for_each_ref(mark_our_ref, NULL);
+	}
+	if (advertise_refs)
+		return;
+
+	receive_needs();
+	if (want_obj.nr) {
+		get_common_commits();
+		create_pack_file();
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *dir;
+	int i;
+	int strict = 0;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	read_replace_refs = 0;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		char *arg = argv[i];
+
+		if (arg[0] != '-')
+			break;
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--advertise-refs")) {
+			advertise_refs = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
+			stateless_rpc = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
+			strict = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
+			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
+			daemon_mode = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (i != argc-1)
+		usage(upload_pack_usage);
+
+	setup_path();
+
+	dir = argv[i];
+
+	if (!enter_repo(dir, strict))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		die("attempt to fetch/clone from a shallow repository");
+	if (getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"))
+		debug_fd = atoi(getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"));
+	upload_pack();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/usage.c b/usage.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79856a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usage.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * GIT - The information manager from hell
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+
+static void report(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	char msg[4096];
+	vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s%s\n", prefix, msg);
+}
+
+static NORETURN void usage_builtin(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	report("usage: ", err, params);
+	exit(129);
+}
+
+static NORETURN void die_builtin(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	report("fatal: ", err, params);
+	exit(128);
+}
+
+static void error_builtin(const char *err, va_list params)
+{
+	report("error: ", err, params);
+}
+
+static void warn_builtin(const char *warn, va_list params)
+{
+	report("warning: ", warn, params);
+}
+
+/* If we are in a dlopen()ed .so write to a global variable would segfault
+ * (ugh), so keep things static. */
+static NORETURN_PTR void (*usage_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = usage_builtin;
+static NORETURN_PTR void (*die_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = die_builtin;
+static void (*error_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = error_builtin;
+static void (*warn_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = warn_builtin;
+
+void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
+{
+	die_routine = routine;
+}
+
+void usagef(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, err);
+	usage_routine(err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
+
+void usage(const char *err)
+{
+	usagef("%s", err);
+}
+
+void die(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, err);
+	die_routine(err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
+
+void die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	char fmt_with_err[1024];
+	char str_error[256], *err;
+	int i, j;
+
+	err = strerror(errno);
+	for (i = j = 0; err[i] && j < sizeof(str_error) - 1; ) {
+		if ((str_error[j++] = err[i++]) != '%')
+			continue;
+		if (j < sizeof(str_error) - 1) {
+			str_error[j++] = '%';
+		} else {
+			/* No room to double the '%', so we overwrite it with
+			 * '\0' below */
+			j--;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	str_error[j] = 0;
+	snprintf(fmt_with_err, sizeof(fmt_with_err), "%s: %s", fmt, str_error);
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	die_routine(fmt_with_err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
+
+int error(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, err);
+	error_routine(err, params);
+	va_end(params);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+void warning(const char *warn, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+
+	va_start(params, warn);
+	warn_routine(warn, params);
+	va_end(params);
+}
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df99249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+
+static struct userdiff_driver *drivers;
+static int ndrivers;
+static int drivers_alloc;
+
+#define PATTERNS(name, pattern, word_regex)			\
+	{ name, NULL, -1, { pattern, REG_EXTENDED }, word_regex }
+static struct userdiff_driver builtin_drivers[] = {
+PATTERNS("html", "^[ \t]*(<[Hh][1-6][ \t].*>.*)$",
+	 "[^<>= \t]+|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("java",
+	 "!^[ \t]*(catch|do|for|if|instanceof|new|return|switch|throw|while)\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*(([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*[ \t]+)+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*[ \t]*\\([^;]*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]="
+	 "|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>>?=?|&&|\\|\\|"
+	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("objc",
+	 /* Negate C statements that can look like functions */
+	 "!^[ \t]*(do|for|if|else|return|switch|while)\n"
+	 /* Objective-C methods */
+	 "^[ \t]*([-+][ \t]*\\([ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9* \t]*\\)[ \t]*[A-Za-z_].*)$\n"
+	 /* C functions */
+	 "^[ \t]*(([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*[ \t]+)+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*[ \t]*\\([^;]*)$\n"
+	 /* Objective-C class/protocol definitions */
+	 "^(@(implementation|interface|protocol)[ \t].*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"
+	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("pascal",
+	 "^((procedure|function|constructor|destructor|interface|"
+		"implementation|initialization|finalization)[ \t]*.*)$"
+	 "\n"
+	 "^(.*=[ \t]*(class|record).*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+"
+	 "|<>|<=|>=|:=|\\.\\."
+	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("php", "^[\t ]*((function|class).*)",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!.]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|===|&&|\\|\\||::|->"
+	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("python", "^[ \t]*((class|def)[ \t].*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[jJlL]?|0[xX]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|//=?|<<=?|>>=?|\\*\\*=?"
+	 "|[^[:space:]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+	 /* -- */
+PATTERNS("ruby", "^[ \t]*((class|module|def)[ \t].*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "(@|@@|\\$)?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+|\\?(\\\\C-)?(\\\\M-)?."
+	 "|//=?|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|<<=?|>>=?|===|\\.{1,3}|::|[!=]~"
+	 "|[^[:space:]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("bibtex", "(@[a-zA-Z]{1,}[ \t]*\\{{0,1}[ \t]*[^ \t\"@',\\#}{~%]*).*$",
+	 "[={}\"]|[^={}\" \t]+"),
+PATTERNS("tex", "^(\\\\((sub)*section|chapter|part)\\*{0,1}\\{.*)$",
+	 "\\\\[a-zA-Z@]+|\\\\.|[a-zA-Z0-9\x80-\xff]+|[^[:space:]]"),
+PATTERNS("cpp",
+	 /* Jump targets or access declarations */
+	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:.*$\n"
+	 /* C/++ functions/methods at top level */
+	 "^([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t]+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t]*::[ \t]*[^[:space:]]+)?){1,}[ \t]*\\([^;]*)$\n"
+	 /* compound type at top level */
+	 "^((struct|class|enum)[^;]*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"
+	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+{ "default", NULL, -1, { NULL, 0 } },
+};
+#undef PATTERNS
+
+static struct userdiff_driver driver_true = {
+	"diff=true",
+	NULL,
+	0,
+	{ NULL, 0 }
+};
+
+static struct userdiff_driver driver_false = {
+	"!diff",
+	NULL,
+	1,
+	{ NULL, 0 }
+};
+
+static struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_namelen(const char *k, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ndrivers; i++) {
+		struct userdiff_driver *drv = drivers + i;
+		if (!strncmp(drv->name, k, len) && !drv->name[len])
+			return drv;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(builtin_drivers); i++) {
+		struct userdiff_driver *drv = builtin_drivers + i;
+		if (!strncmp(drv->name, k, len) && !drv->name[len])
+			return drv;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct userdiff_driver *parse_driver(const char *var,
+		const char *value, const char *type)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	const char *dot;
+	const char *name;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (prefixcmp(var, "diff."))
+		return NULL;
+	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	if (dot == var + 4)
+		return NULL;
+	if (strcmp(type, dot+1))
+		return NULL;
+
+	name = var + 5;
+	namelen = dot - name;
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
+	if (!drv) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
+		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
+		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		drv->binary = -1;
+	}
+	return drv;
+}
+
+static int parse_funcname(struct userdiff_funcname *f, const char *k,
+		const char *v, int cflags)
+{
+	if (git_config_string(&f->pattern, k, v) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	f->cflags = cflags;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_string(const char **d, const char *k, const char *v)
+{
+	if (git_config_string(d, k, v) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_tristate(int *b, const char *k, const char *v)
+{
+	if (v && !strcasecmp(v, "auto"))
+		*b = -1;
+	else
+		*b = git_config_bool(k, v);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+
+	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "funcname")))
+		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, 0);
+	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "xfuncname")))
+		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, REG_EXTENDED);
+	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "binary")))
+		return parse_tristate(&drv->binary, k, v);
+	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "command")))
+		return parse_string(&drv->external, k, v);
+	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "textconv")))
+		return parse_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
+	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "wordregex")))
+		return parse_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_name(const char *name) {
+	int len = strlen(name);
+	return userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, len);
+}
+
+struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_path(const char *path)
+{
+	static struct git_attr *attr;
+	struct git_attr_check check;
+
+	if (!attr)
+		attr = git_attr("diff");
+	check.attr = attr;
+
+	if (!path)
+		return NULL;
+	if (git_checkattr(path, 1, &check))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (ATTR_TRUE(check.value))
+		return &driver_true;
+	if (ATTR_FALSE(check.value))
+		return &driver_false;
+	if (ATTR_UNSET(check.value))
+		return NULL;
+	return userdiff_find_by_name(check.value);
+}
diff --git a/userdiff.h b/userdiff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c315159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/userdiff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef USERDIFF_H
+#define USERDIFF_H
+
+struct userdiff_funcname {
+	const char *pattern;
+	int cflags;
+};
+
+struct userdiff_driver {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *external;
+	int binary;
+	struct userdiff_funcname funcname;
+	const char *word_regex;
+	const char *textconv;
+};
+
+int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v);
+struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_name(const char *name);
+struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_path(const char *path);
+
+#endif /* USERDIFF */
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab326ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+/* This code is originally from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/ */
+
+struct interval {
+  int first;
+  int last;
+};
+
+/* auxiliary function for binary search in interval table */
+static int bisearch(ucs_char_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
+{
+	int min = 0;
+	int mid;
+
+	if (ucs < table[0].first || ucs > table[max].last)
+		return 0;
+	while (max >= min) {
+		mid = (min + max) / 2;
+		if (ucs > table[mid].last)
+			min = mid + 1;
+		else if (ucs < table[mid].first)
+			max = mid - 1;
+		else
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* The following two functions define the column width of an ISO 10646
+ * character as follows:
+ *
+ *    - The null character (U+0000) has a column width of 0.
+ *
+ *    - Other C0/C1 control characters and DEL will lead to a return
+ *      value of -1.
+ *
+ *    - Non-spacing and enclosing combining characters (general
+ *      category code Mn or Me in the Unicode database) have a
+ *      column width of 0.
+ *
+ *    - SOFT HYPHEN (U+00AD) has a column width of 1.
+ *
+ *    - Other format characters (general category code Cf in the Unicode
+ *      database) and ZERO WIDTH SPACE (U+200B) have a column width of 0.
+ *
+ *    - Hangul Jamo medial vowels and final consonants (U+1160-U+11FF)
+ *      have a column width of 0.
+ *
+ *    - Spacing characters in the East Asian Wide (W) or East Asian
+ *      Full-width (F) category as defined in Unicode Technical
+ *      Report #11 have a column width of 2.
+ *
+ *    - All remaining characters (including all printable
+ *      ISO 8859-1 and WGL4 characters, Unicode control characters,
+ *      etc.) have a column width of 1.
+ *
+ * This implementation assumes that ucs_char_t characters are encoded
+ * in ISO 10646.
+ */
+
+static int git_wcwidth(ucs_char_t ch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Sorted list of non-overlapping intervals of non-spacing characters,
+	 * generated by
+	 *   "uniset +cat=Me +cat=Mn +cat=Cf -00AD +1160-11FF +200B c".
+	 */
+	static const struct interval combining[] = {
+		{ 0x0300, 0x0357 }, { 0x035D, 0x036F }, { 0x0483, 0x0486 },
+		{ 0x0488, 0x0489 }, { 0x0591, 0x05A1 }, { 0x05A3, 0x05B9 },
+		{ 0x05BB, 0x05BD }, { 0x05BF, 0x05BF }, { 0x05C1, 0x05C2 },
+		{ 0x05C4, 0x05C4 }, { 0x0600, 0x0603 }, { 0x0610, 0x0615 },
+		{ 0x064B, 0x0658 }, { 0x0670, 0x0670 }, { 0x06D6, 0x06E4 },
+		{ 0x06E7, 0x06E8 }, { 0x06EA, 0x06ED }, { 0x070F, 0x070F },
+		{ 0x0711, 0x0711 }, { 0x0730, 0x074A }, { 0x07A6, 0x07B0 },
+		{ 0x0901, 0x0902 }, { 0x093C, 0x093C }, { 0x0941, 0x0948 },
+		{ 0x094D, 0x094D }, { 0x0951, 0x0954 }, { 0x0962, 0x0963 },
+		{ 0x0981, 0x0981 }, { 0x09BC, 0x09BC }, { 0x09C1, 0x09C4 },
+		{ 0x09CD, 0x09CD }, { 0x09E2, 0x09E3 }, { 0x0A01, 0x0A02 },
+		{ 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C }, { 0x0A41, 0x0A42 }, { 0x0A47, 0x0A48 },
+		{ 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D }, { 0x0A70, 0x0A71 }, { 0x0A81, 0x0A82 },
+		{ 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC }, { 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 }, { 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 },
+		{ 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD }, { 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 }, { 0x0B01, 0x0B01 },
+		{ 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C }, { 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F }, { 0x0B41, 0x0B43 },
+		{ 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D }, { 0x0B56, 0x0B56 }, { 0x0B82, 0x0B82 },
+		{ 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 }, { 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD }, { 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 },
+		{ 0x0C46, 0x0C48 }, { 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D }, { 0x0C55, 0x0C56 },
+		{ 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC }, { 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF }, { 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 },
+		{ 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD }, { 0x0D41, 0x0D43 }, { 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D },
+		{ 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA }, { 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 }, { 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 },
+		{ 0x0E31, 0x0E31 }, { 0x0E34, 0x0E3A }, { 0x0E47, 0x0E4E },
+		{ 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 }, { 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 }, { 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC },
+		{ 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD }, { 0x0F18, 0x0F19 }, { 0x0F35, 0x0F35 },
+		{ 0x0F37, 0x0F37 }, { 0x0F39, 0x0F39 }, { 0x0F71, 0x0F7E },
+		{ 0x0F80, 0x0F84 }, { 0x0F86, 0x0F87 }, { 0x0F90, 0x0F97 },
+		{ 0x0F99, 0x0FBC }, { 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 }, { 0x102D, 0x1030 },
+		{ 0x1032, 0x1032 }, { 0x1036, 0x1037 }, { 0x1039, 0x1039 },
+		{ 0x1058, 0x1059 }, { 0x1160, 0x11FF }, { 0x1712, 0x1714 },
+		{ 0x1732, 0x1734 }, { 0x1752, 0x1753 }, { 0x1772, 0x1773 },
+		{ 0x17B4, 0x17B5 }, { 0x17B7, 0x17BD }, { 0x17C6, 0x17C6 },
+		{ 0x17C9, 0x17D3 }, { 0x17DD, 0x17DD }, { 0x180B, 0x180D },
+		{ 0x18A9, 0x18A9 }, { 0x1920, 0x1922 }, { 0x1927, 0x1928 },
+		{ 0x1932, 0x1932 }, { 0x1939, 0x193B }, { 0x200B, 0x200F },
+		{ 0x202A, 0x202E }, { 0x2060, 0x2063 }, { 0x206A, 0x206F },
+		{ 0x20D0, 0x20EA }, { 0x302A, 0x302F }, { 0x3099, 0x309A },
+		{ 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E }, { 0xFE00, 0xFE0F }, { 0xFE20, 0xFE23 },
+		{ 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF }, { 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB }, { 0x1D167, 0x1D169 },
+		{ 0x1D173, 0x1D182 }, { 0x1D185, 0x1D18B },
+		{ 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD }, { 0xE0001, 0xE0001 },
+		{ 0xE0020, 0xE007F }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF }
+	};
+
+	/* test for 8-bit control characters */
+	if (ch == 0)
+		return 0;
+	if (ch < 32 || (ch >= 0x7f && ch < 0xa0))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* binary search in table of non-spacing characters */
+	if (bisearch(ch, combining, sizeof(combining)
+				/ sizeof(struct interval) - 1))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we arrive here, ch is neither a combining nor a C0/C1
+	 * control character.
+	 */
+
+	return 1 +
+		(ch >= 0x1100 &&
+                    /* Hangul Jamo init. consonants */
+		 (ch <= 0x115f ||
+		  ch == 0x2329 || ch == 0x232a ||
+                  /* CJK ... Yi */
+		  (ch >= 0x2e80 && ch <= 0xa4cf &&
+		   ch != 0x303f) ||
+		  /* Hangul Syllables */
+		  (ch >= 0xac00 && ch <= 0xd7a3) ||
+		  /* CJK Compatibility Ideographs */
+		  (ch >= 0xf900 && ch <= 0xfaff) ||
+		  /* CJK Compatibility Forms */
+		  (ch >= 0xfe30 && ch <= 0xfe6f) ||
+		  /* Fullwidth Forms */
+		  (ch >= 0xff00 && ch <= 0xff60) ||
+		  (ch >= 0xffe0 && ch <= 0xffe6) ||
+		  (ch >= 0x20000 && ch <= 0x2fffd) ||
+		  (ch >= 0x30000 && ch <= 0x3fffd)));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pick one ucs character starting from the location *start points at,
+ * and return it, while updating the *start pointer to point at the
+ * end of that character.  When remainder_p is not NULL, the location
+ * holds the number of bytes remaining in the string that we are allowed
+ * to pick from.  Otherwise we are allowed to pick up to the NUL that
+ * would eventually appear in the string.  *remainder_p is also reduced
+ * by the number of bytes we have consumed.
+ *
+ * If the string was not a valid UTF-8, *start pointer is set to NULL
+ * and the return value is undefined.
+ */
+static ucs_char_t pick_one_utf8_char(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p)
+{
+	unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)*start;
+	ucs_char_t ch;
+	size_t remainder, incr;
+
+	/*
+	 * A caller that assumes NUL terminated text can choose
+	 * not to bother with the remainder length.  We will
+	 * stop at the first NUL.
+	 */
+	remainder = (remainder_p ? *remainder_p : 999);
+
+	if (remainder < 1) {
+		goto invalid;
+	} else if (*s < 0x80) {
+		/* 0xxxxxxx */
+		ch = *s;
+		incr = 1;
+	} else if ((s[0] & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
+		/* 110XXXXx 10xxxxxx */
+		if (remainder < 2 ||
+		    (s[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80 ||
+		    (s[0] & 0xfe) == 0xc0)
+			goto invalid;
+		ch = ((s[0] & 0x1f) << 6) | (s[1] & 0x3f);
+		incr = 2;
+	} else if ((s[0] & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
+		/* 1110XXXX 10Xxxxxx 10xxxxxx */
+		if (remainder < 3 ||
+		    (s[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80 ||
+		    (s[2] & 0xc0) != 0x80 ||
+		    /* overlong? */
+		    (s[0] == 0xe0 && (s[1] & 0xe0) == 0x80) ||
+		    /* surrogate? */
+		    (s[0] == 0xed && (s[1] & 0xe0) == 0xa0) ||
+		    /* U+FFFE or U+FFFF? */
+		    (s[0] == 0xef && s[1] == 0xbf &&
+		     (s[2] & 0xfe) == 0xbe))
+			goto invalid;
+		ch = ((s[0] & 0x0f) << 12) |
+			((s[1] & 0x3f) << 6) | (s[2] & 0x3f);
+		incr = 3;
+	} else if ((s[0] & 0xf8) == 0xf0) {
+		/* 11110XXX 10XXxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx */
+		if (remainder < 4 ||
+		    (s[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80 ||
+		    (s[2] & 0xc0) != 0x80 ||
+		    (s[3] & 0xc0) != 0x80 ||
+		    /* overlong? */
+		    (s[0] == 0xf0 && (s[1] & 0xf0) == 0x80) ||
+		    /* > U+10FFFF? */
+		    (s[0] == 0xf4 && s[1] > 0x8f) || s[0] > 0xf4)
+			goto invalid;
+		ch = ((s[0] & 0x07) << 18) | ((s[1] & 0x3f) << 12) |
+			((s[2] & 0x3f) << 6) | (s[3] & 0x3f);
+		incr = 4;
+	} else {
+invalid:
+		*start = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	*start += incr;
+	if (remainder_p)
+		*remainder_p = remainder - incr;
+	return ch;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function returns the number of columns occupied by the character
+ * pointed to by the variable start. The pointer is updated to point at
+ * the next character. When remainder_p is not NULL, it points at the
+ * location that stores the number of remaining bytes we can use to pick
+ * a character (see pick_one_utf8_char() above).
+ */
+int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p)
+{
+	ucs_char_t ch = pick_one_utf8_char(start, remainder_p);
+	if (!*start)
+		return 0;
+	return git_wcwidth(ch);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the total number of columns required by a null-terminated
+ * string, assuming that the string is utf8.  Returns strlen() instead
+ * if the string does not look like a valid utf8 string.
+ */
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+{
+	int width = 0;
+	const char *orig = string;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (!string)
+			return strlen(orig);
+		if (!*string)
+			return width;
+		width += utf8_width(&string, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+int is_utf8(const char *text)
+{
+	while (*text) {
+		if (*text == '\n' || *text == '\t' || *text == '\r') {
+			text++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		utf8_width(&text, NULL);
+		if (!text)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static inline void strbuf_write(struct strbuf *sb, const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	if (sb)
+		strbuf_insert(sb, sb->len, buf, len);
+	else
+		fwrite(buf, len, 1, stdout);
+}
+
+static void print_spaces(struct strbuf *buf, int count)
+{
+	static const char s[] = "                    ";
+	while (count >= sizeof(s)) {
+		strbuf_write(buf, s, sizeof(s) - 1);
+		count -= sizeof(s) - 1;
+	}
+	strbuf_write(buf, s, count);
+}
+
+static void strbuf_add_indented_text(struct strbuf *buf, const char *text,
+				     int indent, int indent2)
+{
+	if (indent < 0)
+		indent = 0;
+	while (*text) {
+		const char *eol = strchrnul(text, '\n');
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			eol++;
+		print_spaces(buf, indent);
+		strbuf_write(buf, text, eol - text);
+		text = eol;
+		indent = indent2;
+	}
+}
+
+static size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
+{
+	const char *p = s;
+	if (*p++ != '\033')
+		return 0;
+	if (*p++ != '[')
+		return 0;
+	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
+		p++;
+	if (*p++ != 'm')
+		return 0;
+	return p - s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrap the text, if necessary. The variable indent is the indent for the
+ * first line, indent2 is the indent for all other lines.
+ * If indent is negative, assume that already -indent columns have been
+ * consumed (and no extra indent is necessary for the first line).
+ */
+int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width)
+{
+	int w = indent, assume_utf8 = is_utf8(text);
+	const char *bol = text, *space = NULL;
+
+	if (width <= 0) {
+		strbuf_add_indented_text(buf, text, indent, indent2);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (indent < 0) {
+		w = -indent;
+		space = text;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		char c;
+		size_t skip;
+
+		while ((skip = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(text)))
+			text += skip;
+
+		c = *text;
+		if (!c || isspace(c)) {
+			if (w < width || !space) {
+				const char *start = bol;
+				if (!c && text == start)
+					return w;
+				if (space)
+					start = space;
+				else
+					print_spaces(buf, indent);
+				strbuf_write(buf, start, text - start);
+				if (!c)
+					return w;
+				space = text;
+				if (c == '\t')
+					w |= 0x07;
+				else if (c == '\n') {
+					space++;
+					if (*space == '\n') {
+						strbuf_write(buf, "\n", 1);
+						goto new_line;
+					}
+					else if (!isalnum(*space))
+						goto new_line;
+					else
+						strbuf_write(buf, " ", 1);
+				}
+				w++;
+				text++;
+			}
+			else {
+new_line:
+				strbuf_write(buf, "\n", 1);
+				text = bol = space + isspace(*space);
+				space = NULL;
+				w = indent = indent2;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (assume_utf8)
+			w += utf8_width(&text, NULL);
+		else {
+			w++;
+			text++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int print_wrapped_text(const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width)
+{
+	return strbuf_add_wrapped_text(NULL, text, indent, indent2, width);
+}
+
+int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
+{
+	if (!name)
+		return 1;
+	if (!strcasecmp(name, "utf-8") || !strcasecmp(name, "utf8"))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a buffer and its encoding, return it re-encoded
+ * with iconv.  If the conversion fails, returns NULL.
+ */
+#ifndef NO_ICONV
+#if defined(OLD_ICONV) || (defined(__sun__) && !defined(_XPG6))
+	typedef const char * iconv_ibp;
+#else
+	typedef char * iconv_ibp;
+#endif
+char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding)
+{
+	iconv_t conv;
+	size_t insz, outsz, outalloc;
+	char *out, *outpos;
+	iconv_ibp cp;
+
+	if (!in_encoding)
+		return NULL;
+	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
+		return NULL;
+	insz = strlen(in);
+	outsz = insz;
+	outalloc = outsz + 1; /* for terminating NUL */
+	out = xmalloc(outalloc);
+	outpos = out;
+	cp = (iconv_ibp)in;
+
+	while (1) {
+		size_t cnt = iconv(conv, &cp, &insz, &outpos, &outsz);
+
+		if (cnt == -1) {
+			size_t sofar;
+			if (errno != E2BIG) {
+				free(out);
+				iconv_close(conv);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			/* insz has remaining number of bytes.
+			 * since we started outsz the same as insz,
+			 * it is likely that insz is not enough for
+			 * converting the rest.
+			 */
+			sofar = outpos - out;
+			outalloc = sofar + insz * 2 + 32;
+			out = xrealloc(out, outalloc);
+			outpos = out + sofar;
+			outsz = outalloc - sofar - 1;
+		}
+		else {
+			*outpos = '\0';
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	iconv_close(conv);
+	return out;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/utf8.h b/utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9738d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef GIT_UTF8_H
+#define GIT_UTF8_H
+
+typedef unsigned int ucs_char_t;  /* assuming 32bit int */
+
+int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p);
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string);
+int is_utf8(const char *text);
+int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name);
+
+int print_wrapped_text(const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int len);
+int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width);
+
+#ifndef NO_ICONV
+char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding);
+#else
+#define reencode_string(a,b,c) NULL
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/walker.c b/walker.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11d9052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/walker.c
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "walker.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+
+static unsigned char current_commit_sha1[20];
+
+void walker_say(struct walker *walker, const char *fmt, const char *hex)
+{
+	if (walker->get_verbosely)
+		fprintf(stderr, fmt, hex);
+}
+
+static void report_missing(const struct object *obj)
+{
+	char missing_hex[41];
+	strcpy(missing_hex, sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	fprintf(stderr, "Cannot obtain needed %s %s\n",
+		obj->type ? typename(obj->type): "object", missing_hex);
+	if (!is_null_sha1(current_commit_sha1))
+		fprintf(stderr, "while processing commit %s.\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(current_commit_sha1));
+}
+
+static int process(struct walker *walker, struct object *obj);
+
+static int process_tree(struct walker *walker, struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct tree_desc desc;
+	struct name_entry entry;
+
+	if (parse_tree(tree))
+		return -1;
+
+	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
+	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+		struct object *obj = NULL;
+
+		/* submodule commits are not stored in the superproject */
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
+			continue;
+		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
+			struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(entry.sha1);
+			if (tree)
+				obj = &tree->object;
+		}
+		else {
+			struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(entry.sha1);
+			if (blob)
+				obj = &blob->object;
+		}
+		if (!obj || process(walker, obj))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	tree->size = 0;
+	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
+#define SEEN		(1U << 1)
+#define TO_SCAN		(1U << 2)
+
+static struct commit_list *complete = NULL;
+
+static int process_commit(struct walker *walker, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return -1;
+
+	while (complete && complete->item->date >= commit->date) {
+		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
+	}
+
+	if (commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)
+		return 0;
+
+	hashcpy(current_commit_sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+
+	walker_say(walker, "walk %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	if (walker->get_tree) {
+		if (process(walker, &commit->tree->object))
+			return -1;
+		if (!walker->get_all)
+			walker->get_tree = 0;
+	}
+	if (walker->get_history) {
+		struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;
+		for (; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+			if (process(walker, &parents->item->object))
+				return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_tag(struct walker *walker, struct tag *tag)
+{
+	if (parse_tag(tag))
+		return -1;
+	return process(walker, tag->tagged);
+}
+
+static struct object_list *process_queue = NULL;
+static struct object_list **process_queue_end = &process_queue;
+
+static int process_object(struct walker *walker, struct object *obj)
+{
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		if (process_commit(walker, (struct commit *)obj))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		if (process_tree(walker, (struct tree *)obj))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		if (process_tag(walker, (struct tag *)obj))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return error("Unable to determine requirements "
+		     "of type %s for %s",
+		     typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+}
+
+static int process(struct walker *walker, struct object *obj)
+{
+	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return 0;
+	obj->flags |= SEEN;
+
+	if (has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
+		/* We already have it, so we should scan it now. */
+		obj->flags |= TO_SCAN;
+	}
+	else {
+		if (obj->flags & COMPLETE)
+			return 0;
+		walker->prefetch(walker, obj->sha1);
+	}
+
+	object_list_insert(obj, process_queue_end);
+	process_queue_end = &(*process_queue_end)->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int loop(struct walker *walker)
+{
+	struct object_list *elem;
+
+	while (process_queue) {
+		struct object *obj = process_queue->item;
+		elem = process_queue;
+		process_queue = elem->next;
+		free(elem);
+		if (!process_queue)
+			process_queue_end = &process_queue;
+
+		/* If we are not scanning this object, we placed it in
+		 * the queue because we needed to fetch it first.
+		 */
+		if (! (obj->flags & TO_SCAN)) {
+			if (walker->fetch(walker, obj->sha1)) {
+				report_missing(obj);
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!obj->type)
+			parse_object(obj->sha1);
+		if (process_object(walker, obj))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int interpret_target(struct walker *walker, char *target, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (!get_sha1_hex(target, sha1))
+		return 0;
+	if (!check_ref_format(target)) {
+		struct ref *ref = alloc_ref(target);
+		if (!walker->fetch_ref(walker, ref)) {
+			hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+			free(ref);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		free(ref);
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (commit) {
+		commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
+		insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int walker_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref)
+{
+	int targets = 0, targets_alloc = 0;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	*target = NULL; *write_ref = NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		char *rf_one = NULL;
+		char *tg_one;
+
+		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF)
+			break;
+		tg_one = buf.buf;
+		rf_one = strchr(tg_one, '\t');
+		if (rf_one)
+			*rf_one++ = 0;
+
+		if (targets >= targets_alloc) {
+			targets_alloc = targets_alloc ? targets_alloc * 2 : 64;
+			*target = xrealloc(*target, targets_alloc * sizeof(**target));
+			*write_ref = xrealloc(*write_ref, targets_alloc * sizeof(**write_ref));
+		}
+		(*target)[targets] = xstrdup(tg_one);
+		(*write_ref)[targets] = rf_one ? xstrdup(rf_one) : NULL;
+		targets++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return targets;
+}
+
+void walker_targets_free(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref)
+{
+	while (targets--) {
+		free(target[targets]);
+		if (write_ref)
+			free((char *) write_ref[targets]);
+	}
+}
+
+int walker_fetch(struct walker *walker, int targets, char **target,
+		 const char **write_ref, const char *write_ref_log_details)
+{
+	struct ref_lock **lock = xcalloc(targets, sizeof(struct ref_lock *));
+	unsigned char *sha1 = xmalloc(targets * 20);
+	char *msg;
+	int ret;
+	int i;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
+		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
+			continue;
+
+		lock[i] = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref[i], NULL);
+		if (!lock[i]) {
+			error("Can't lock ref %s", write_ref[i]);
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!walker->get_recover)
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
+		if (interpret_target(walker, target[i], &sha1[20 * i])) {
+			error("Could not interpret response from server '%s' as something to pull", target[i]);
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
+		}
+		if (process(walker, lookup_unknown_object(&sha1[20 * i])))
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
+	}
+
+	if (loop(walker))
+		goto unlock_and_fail;
+
+	if (write_ref_log_details) {
+		msg = xmalloc(strlen(write_ref_log_details) + 12);
+		sprintf(msg, "fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
+	} else {
+		msg = NULL;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
+		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
+			continue;
+		ret = write_ref_sha1(lock[i], &sha1[20 * i], msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)");
+		lock[i] = NULL;
+		if (ret)
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
+	}
+	free(msg);
+
+	return 0;
+
+unlock_and_fail:
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++)
+		if (lock[i])
+			unlock_ref(lock[i]);
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+void walker_free(struct walker *walker)
+{
+	walker->cleanup(walker);
+	free(walker);
+}
diff --git a/walker.h b/walker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a149e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/walker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef WALKER_H
+#define WALKER_H
+
+#include "remote.h"
+
+struct walker {
+	void *data;
+	int (*fetch_ref)(struct walker *, struct ref *ref);
+	void (*prefetch)(struct walker *, unsigned char *sha1);
+	int (*fetch)(struct walker *, unsigned char *sha1);
+	void (*cleanup)(struct walker *);
+	int get_tree;
+	int get_history;
+	int get_all;
+	int get_verbosely;
+	int get_recover;
+
+	int corrupt_object_found;
+};
+
+/* Report what we got under get_verbosely */
+void walker_say(struct walker *walker, const char *, const char *);
+
+/* Load pull targets from stdin */
+int walker_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref);
+
+/* Free up loaded targets */
+void walker_targets_free(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref);
+
+/* If write_ref is set, the ref filename to write the target value to. */
+/* If write_ref_log_details is set, additional text will appear in the ref log. */
+int walker_fetch(struct walker *impl, int targets, char **target,
+		 const char **write_ref, const char *write_ref_log_details);
+
+void walker_free(struct walker *walker);
+
+struct walker *get_http_walker(const char *url, struct remote *remote);
+
+#endif /* WALKER_H */
diff --git a/wrap-for-bin.sh b/wrap-for-bin.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5075c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wrap-for-bin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# wrap-for-bin.sh: Template for git executable wrapper scripts
+# to run test suite against sandbox, but with only bindir-installed
+# executables in PATH.  The Makefile copies this into various
+# files in bin-wrappers, substituting
+# @@BUILD_DIR@@ and @@PROG@@.
+
+GIT_EXEC_PATH='@@BUILD_DIR@@'
+GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/templates/blt'
+GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'
+PATH='@@BUILD_DIR@@/bin-wrappers:'"$PATH"
+export GIT_EXEC_PATH GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR GITPERLLIB PATH
+
+exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/@@PROG@@" "$@"
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e3e20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/*
+ * Various trivial helper wrappers around standard functions
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+
+char *xstrdup(const char *str)
+{
+	char *ret = strdup(str);
+	if (!ret) {
+		release_pack_memory(strlen(str) + 1, -1);
+		ret = strdup(str);
+		if (!ret)
+			die("Out of memory, strdup failed");
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret = malloc(size);
+	if (!ret && !size)
+		ret = malloc(1);
+	if (!ret) {
+		release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+		ret = malloc(size);
+		if (!ret && !size)
+			ret = malloc(1);
+		if (!ret)
+			die("Out of memory, malloc failed");
+	}
+#ifdef XMALLOC_POISON
+	memset(ret, 0xA5, size);
+#endif
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void *xmallocz(size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret;
+	if (size + 1 < size)
+		die("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
+	ret = xmalloc(size + 1);
+	((char*)ret)[size] = 0;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * xmemdupz() allocates (len + 1) bytes of memory, duplicates "len" bytes of
+ * "data" to the allocated memory, zero terminates the allocated memory,
+ * and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. If the allocation fails,
+ * the program dies.
+ */
+void *xmemdupz(const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	return memcpy(xmallocz(len), data, len);
+}
+
+char *xstrndup(const char *str, size_t len)
+{
+	char *p = memchr(str, '\0', len);
+	return xmemdupz(str, p ? p - str : len);
+}
+
+void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);
+	if (!ret && !size)
+		ret = realloc(ptr, 1);
+	if (!ret) {
+		release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+		ret = realloc(ptr, size);
+		if (!ret && !size)
+			ret = realloc(ptr, 1);
+		if (!ret)
+			die("Out of memory, realloc failed");
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret = calloc(nmemb, size);
+	if (!ret && (!nmemb || !size))
+		ret = calloc(1, 1);
+	if (!ret) {
+		release_pack_memory(nmemb * size, -1);
+		ret = calloc(nmemb, size);
+		if (!ret && (!nmemb || !size))
+			ret = calloc(1, 1);
+		if (!ret)
+			die("Out of memory, calloc failed");
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
+	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
+		if (!length)
+			return NULL;
+		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
+		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
+			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * xread() is the same a read(), but it automatically restarts read()
+ * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xread()
+ * DOES NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
+ */
+ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	ssize_t nr;
+	while (1) {
+		nr = read(fd, buf, len);
+		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
+			continue;
+		return nr;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * xwrite() is the same a write(), but it automatically restarts write()
+ * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xwrite() DOES NOT
+ * GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is written even if the operation is successful.
+ */
+ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	ssize_t nr;
+	while (1) {
+		nr = write(fd, buf, len);
+		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
+			continue;
+		return nr;
+	}
+}
+
+ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	char *p = buf;
+	ssize_t total = 0;
+
+	while (count > 0) {
+		ssize_t loaded = xread(fd, p, count);
+		if (loaded <= 0)
+			return total ? total : loaded;
+		count -= loaded;
+		p += loaded;
+		total += loaded;
+	}
+
+	return total;
+}
+
+ssize_t write_in_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	const char *p = buf;
+	ssize_t total = 0;
+
+	while (count > 0) {
+		ssize_t written = xwrite(fd, p, count);
+		if (written < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (!written) {
+			errno = ENOSPC;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		count -= written;
+		p += written;
+		total += written;
+	}
+
+	return total;
+}
+
+int xdup(int fd)
+{
+	int ret = dup(fd);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		die_errno("dup failed");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode)
+{
+	FILE *stream = fdopen(fd, mode);
+	if (stream == NULL)
+		die_errno("Out of memory? fdopen failed");
+	return stream;
+}
+
+int xmkstemp(char *template)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = mkstemp(template);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("Unable to create temporary file");
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * zlib wrappers to make sure we don't silently miss errors
+ * at init time.
+ */
+void git_inflate_init(z_streamp strm)
+{
+	const char *err;
+
+	switch (inflateInit(strm)) {
+	case Z_OK:
+		return;
+
+	case Z_MEM_ERROR:
+		err = "out of memory";
+		break;
+	case Z_VERSION_ERROR:
+		err = "wrong version";
+		break;
+	default:
+		err = "error";
+	}
+	die("inflateInit: %s (%s)", err, strm->msg ? strm->msg : "no message");
+}
+
+void git_inflate_end(z_streamp strm)
+{
+	if (inflateEnd(strm) != Z_OK)
+		error("inflateEnd: %s", strm->msg ? strm->msg : "failed");
+}
+
+int git_inflate(z_streamp strm, int flush)
+{
+	int ret = inflate(strm, flush);
+	const char *err;
+
+	switch (ret) {
+	/* Out of memory is fatal. */
+	case Z_MEM_ERROR:
+		die("inflate: out of memory");
+
+	/* Data corruption errors: we may want to recover from them (fsck) */
+	case Z_NEED_DICT:
+		err = "needs dictionary"; break;
+	case Z_DATA_ERROR:
+		err = "data stream error"; break;
+	case Z_STREAM_ERROR:
+		err = "stream consistency error"; break;
+	default:
+		err = "unknown error"; break;
+
+	/* Z_BUF_ERROR: normal, needs more space in the output buffer */
+	case Z_BUF_ERROR:
+	case Z_OK:
+	case Z_STREAM_END:
+		return ret;
+	}
+	error("inflate: %s (%s)", err, strm->msg ? strm->msg : "no message");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	snprintf(template, limit, "%s/%s",
+		 get_object_directory(), pattern);
+	fd = mkstemp(template);
+	if (0 <= fd)
+		return fd;
+
+	/* slow path */
+	/* some mkstemp implementations erase template on failure */
+	snprintf(template, limit, "%s/%s",
+		 get_object_directory(), pattern);
+	safe_create_leading_directories(template);
+	return xmkstemp(template);
+}
+
+int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	snprintf(name, namesz, "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
+		 get_object_directory(), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	fd = open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
+	if (0 <= fd)
+		return fd;
+
+	/* slow path */
+	safe_create_leading_directories(name);
+	return open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
+}
+
+int unlink_or_warn(const char *file)
+{
+	int rc = unlink(file);
+
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		int err = errno;
+		if (ENOENT != err) {
+			warning("unable to unlink %s: %s",
+				file, strerror(errno));
+			errno = err;
+		}
+	}
+	return rc;
+}
+
diff --git a/write_or_die.c b/write_or_die.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d45b536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/write_or_die.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+/*
+ * Some cases use stdio, but want to flush after the write
+ * to get error handling (and to get better interactive
+ * behaviour - not buffering excessively).
+ *
+ * Of course, if the flush happened within the write itself,
+ * we've already lost the error code, and cannot report it any
+ * more. So we just ignore that case instead (and hope we get
+ * the right error code on the flush).
+ *
+ * If the file handle is stdout, and stdout is a file, then skip the
+ * flush entirely since it's not needed.
+ */
+void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *f, const char *desc)
+{
+	static int skip_stdout_flush = -1;
+	struct stat st;
+	char *cp;
+
+	if (f == stdout) {
+		if (skip_stdout_flush < 0) {
+			cp = getenv("GIT_FLUSH");
+			if (cp)
+				skip_stdout_flush = (atoi(cp) == 0);
+			else if ((fstat(fileno(stdout), &st) == 0) &&
+				 S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+				skip_stdout_flush = 1;
+			else
+				skip_stdout_flush = 0;
+		}
+		if (skip_stdout_flush && !ferror(f))
+			return;
+	}
+	if (fflush(f)) {
+		/*
+		 * On Windows, EPIPE is returned only by the first write()
+		 * after the reading end has closed its handle; subsequent
+		 * write()s return EINVAL.
+		 */
+		if (errno == EPIPE || errno == EINVAL)
+			exit(0);
+		die_errno("write failure on '%s'", desc);
+	}
+}
+
+void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *msg)
+{
+	if (fsync(fd) < 0) {
+		die_errno("fsync error on '%s'", msg);
+	}
+}
+
+void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
+		if (errno == EPIPE)
+			exit(0);
+		die_errno("write error");
+	}
+}
+
+int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
+{
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
+		if (errno == EPIPE)
+			exit(0);
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
+			msg, strerror(errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int write_or_whine(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
+{
+	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
+			msg, strerror(errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/ws.c b/ws.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c089338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ws.c
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+/*
+ * Whitespace rules
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Junio C Hamano
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "attr.h"
+
+static struct whitespace_rule {
+	const char *rule_name;
+	unsigned rule_bits;
+	unsigned loosens_error;
+} whitespace_rule_names[] = {
+	{ "trailing-space", WS_TRAILING_SPACE, 0 },
+	{ "space-before-tab", WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB, 0 },
+	{ "indent-with-non-tab", WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB, 0 },
+	{ "cr-at-eol", WS_CR_AT_EOL, 1 },
+	{ "blank-at-eol", WS_BLANK_AT_EOL, 0 },
+	{ "blank-at-eof", WS_BLANK_AT_EOF, 0 },
+};
+
+unsigned parse_whitespace_rule(const char *string)
+{
+	unsigned rule = WS_DEFAULT_RULE;
+
+	while (string) {
+		int i;
+		size_t len;
+		const char *ep;
+		int negated = 0;
+
+		string = string + strspn(string, ", \t\n\r");
+		ep = strchr(string, ',');
+		if (!ep)
+			len = strlen(string);
+		else
+			len = ep - string;
+
+		if (*string == '-') {
+			negated = 1;
+			string++;
+			len--;
+		}
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(whitespace_rule_names); i++) {
+			if (strncmp(whitespace_rule_names[i].rule_name,
+				    string, len))
+				continue;
+			if (negated)
+				rule &= ~whitespace_rule_names[i].rule_bits;
+			else
+				rule |= whitespace_rule_names[i].rule_bits;
+			break;
+		}
+		string = ep;
+	}
+	return rule;
+}
+
+static void setup_whitespace_attr_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
+{
+	static struct git_attr *attr_whitespace;
+
+	if (!attr_whitespace)
+		attr_whitespace = git_attr("whitespace");
+	check[0].attr = attr_whitespace;
+}
+
+unsigned whitespace_rule(const char *pathname)
+{
+	struct git_attr_check attr_whitespace_rule;
+
+	setup_whitespace_attr_check(&attr_whitespace_rule);
+	if (!git_checkattr(pathname, 1, &attr_whitespace_rule)) {
+		const char *value;
+
+		value = attr_whitespace_rule.value;
+		if (ATTR_TRUE(value)) {
+			/* true (whitespace) */
+			unsigned all_rule = 0;
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(whitespace_rule_names); i++)
+				if (!whitespace_rule_names[i].loosens_error)
+					all_rule |= whitespace_rule_names[i].rule_bits;
+			return all_rule;
+		} else if (ATTR_FALSE(value)) {
+			/* false (-whitespace) */
+			return 0;
+		} else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) {
+			/* reset to default (!whitespace) */
+			return whitespace_rule_cfg;
+		} else {
+			/* string */
+			return parse_whitespace_rule(value);
+		}
+	} else {
+		return whitespace_rule_cfg;
+	}
+}
+
+/* The returned string should be freed by the caller. */
+char *whitespace_error_string(unsigned ws)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if ((ws & WS_TRAILING_SPACE) == WS_TRAILING_SPACE)
+		strbuf_addstr(&err, "trailing whitespace");
+	else {
+		if (ws & WS_BLANK_AT_EOL)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err, "trailing whitespace");
+		if (ws & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
+			if (err.len)
+				strbuf_addstr(&err, ", ");
+			strbuf_addstr(&err, "new blank line at EOF");
+		}
+	}
+	if (ws & WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB) {
+		if (err.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err, ", ");
+		strbuf_addstr(&err, "space before tab in indent");
+	}
+	if (ws & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) {
+		if (err.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err, ", ");
+		strbuf_addstr(&err, "indent with spaces");
+	}
+	return strbuf_detach(&err, NULL);
+}
+
+/* If stream is non-NULL, emits the line after checking. */
+static unsigned ws_check_emit_1(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule,
+				FILE *stream, const char *set,
+				const char *reset, const char *ws)
+{
+	unsigned result = 0;
+	int written = 0;
+	int trailing_whitespace = -1;
+	int trailing_newline = 0;
+	int trailing_carriage_return = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Logic is simpler if we temporarily ignore the trailing newline. */
+	if (len > 0 && line[len - 1] == '\n') {
+		trailing_newline = 1;
+		len--;
+	}
+	if ((ws_rule & WS_CR_AT_EOL) &&
+	    len > 0 && line[len - 1] == '\r') {
+		trailing_carriage_return = 1;
+		len--;
+	}
+
+	/* Check for trailing whitespace. */
+	if (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOL) {
+		for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+			if (isspace(line[i])) {
+				trailing_whitespace = i;
+				result |= WS_BLANK_AT_EOL;
+			}
+			else
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check for space before tab in initial indent. */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (line[i] == ' ')
+			continue;
+		if (line[i] != '\t')
+			break;
+		if ((ws_rule & WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB) && written < i) {
+			result |= WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB;
+			if (stream) {
+				fputs(ws, stream);
+				fwrite(line + written, i - written, 1, stream);
+				fputs(reset, stream);
+			}
+		} else if (stream)
+			fwrite(line + written, i - written, 1, stream);
+		if (stream)
+			fwrite(line + i, 1, 1, stream);
+		written = i + 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Check for indent using non-tab. */
+	if ((ws_rule & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) && i - written >= 8) {
+		result |= WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB;
+		if (stream) {
+			fputs(ws, stream);
+			fwrite(line + written, i - written, 1, stream);
+			fputs(reset, stream);
+		}
+		written = i;
+	}
+
+	if (stream) {
+		/*
+		 * Now the rest of the line starts at "written".
+		 * The non-highlighted part ends at "trailing_whitespace".
+		 */
+		if (trailing_whitespace == -1)
+			trailing_whitespace = len;
+
+		/* Emit non-highlighted (middle) segment. */
+		if (trailing_whitespace - written > 0) {
+			fputs(set, stream);
+			fwrite(line + written,
+			    trailing_whitespace - written, 1, stream);
+			fputs(reset, stream);
+		}
+
+		/* Highlight errors in trailing whitespace. */
+		if (trailing_whitespace != len) {
+			fputs(ws, stream);
+			fwrite(line + trailing_whitespace,
+			    len - trailing_whitespace, 1, stream);
+			fputs(reset, stream);
+		}
+		if (trailing_carriage_return)
+			fputc('\r', stream);
+		if (trailing_newline)
+			fputc('\n', stream);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+void ws_check_emit(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule,
+		   FILE *stream, const char *set,
+		   const char *reset, const char *ws)
+{
+	(void)ws_check_emit_1(line, len, ws_rule, stream, set, reset, ws);
+}
+
+unsigned ws_check(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule)
+{
+	return ws_check_emit_1(line, len, ws_rule, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+int ws_blank_line(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We _might_ want to treat CR differently from other
+	 * whitespace characters when ws_rule has WS_CR_AT_EOL, but
+	 * for now we just use this stupid definition.
+	 */
+	while (len-- > 0) {
+		if (!isspace(*line))
+			return 0;
+		line++;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* Copy the line to the buffer while fixing whitespaces */
+int ws_fix_copy(char *dst, const char *src, int len, unsigned ws_rule, int *error_count)
+{
+	/*
+	 * len is number of bytes to be copied from src, starting
+	 * at src.  Typically src[len-1] is '\n', unless this is
+	 * the incomplete last line.
+	 */
+	int i;
+	int add_nl_to_tail = 0;
+	int add_cr_to_tail = 0;
+	int fixed = 0;
+	int last_tab_in_indent = -1;
+	int last_space_in_indent = -1;
+	int need_fix_leading_space = 0;
+	char *buf;
+
+	/*
+	 * Strip trailing whitespace
+	 */
+	if (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOL) {
+		if (0 < len && src[len - 1] == '\n') {
+			add_nl_to_tail = 1;
+			len--;
+			if (0 < len && src[len - 1] == '\r') {
+				add_cr_to_tail = !!(ws_rule & WS_CR_AT_EOL);
+				len--;
+			}
+		}
+		if (0 < len && isspace(src[len - 1])) {
+			while (0 < len && isspace(src[len-1]))
+				len--;
+			fixed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check leading whitespaces (indent)
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		char ch = src[i];
+		if (ch == '\t') {
+			last_tab_in_indent = i;
+			if ((ws_rule & WS_SPACE_BEFORE_TAB) &&
+			    0 <= last_space_in_indent)
+			    need_fix_leading_space = 1;
+		} else if (ch == ' ') {
+			last_space_in_indent = i;
+			if ((ws_rule & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) &&
+			    8 <= i - last_tab_in_indent)
+				need_fix_leading_space = 1;
+		} else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	buf = dst;
+	if (need_fix_leading_space) {
+		/* Process indent ourselves */
+		int consecutive_spaces = 0;
+		int last = last_tab_in_indent + 1;
+
+		if (ws_rule & WS_INDENT_WITH_NON_TAB) {
+			/* have "last" point at one past the indent */
+			if (last_tab_in_indent < last_space_in_indent)
+				last = last_space_in_indent + 1;
+			else
+				last = last_tab_in_indent + 1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * between src[0..last-1], strip the funny spaces,
+		 * updating them to tab as needed.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < last; i++) {
+			char ch = src[i];
+			if (ch != ' ') {
+				consecutive_spaces = 0;
+				*dst++ = ch;
+			} else {
+				consecutive_spaces++;
+				if (consecutive_spaces == 8) {
+					*dst++ = '\t';
+					consecutive_spaces = 0;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		while (0 < consecutive_spaces--)
+			*dst++ = ' ';
+		len -= last;
+		src += last;
+		fixed = 1;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(dst, src, len);
+	if (add_cr_to_tail)
+		dst[len++] = '\r';
+	if (add_nl_to_tail)
+		dst[len++] = '\n';
+	if (fixed && error_count)
+		(*error_count)++;
+	return dst + len - buf;
+}
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5807fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+
+static char default_wt_status_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, /* WT_STATUS_HEADER */
+	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,  /* WT_STATUS_UPDATED */
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,    /* WT_STATUS_CHANGED */
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,    /* WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED */
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,    /* WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH */
+	GIT_COLOR_RED,    /* WT_STATUS_UNMERGED */
+};
+
+static const char *color(int slot, struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	return s->use_color > 0 ? s->color_palette[slot] : "";
+}
+
+void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *head;
+
+	memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
+	memcpy(s->color_palette, default_wt_status_colors,
+	       sizeof(default_wt_status_colors));
+	s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NORMAL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
+	s->use_color = -1;
+	s->relative_paths = 1;
+	head = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+	s->branch = head ? xstrdup(head) : NULL;
+	s->reference = "HEAD";
+	s->fp = stdout;
+	s->index_file = get_index_file();
+	s->change.strdup_strings = 1;
+	s->untracked.strdup_strings = 1;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "# Unmerged paths:");
+	if (!advice_status_hints)
+		return;
+	if (s->in_merge)
+		;
+	else if (!s->is_initial)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)", s->reference);
+	else
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#");
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "# Changes to be committed:");
+	if (!advice_status_hints)
+		return;
+	if (s->in_merge)
+		; /* NEEDSWORK: use "git reset --unresolve"??? */
+	else if (!s->is_initial)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)", s->reference);
+	else
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#");
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
+					 int has_deleted)
+{
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "# Changed but not updated:");
+	if (!advice_status_hints)
+		return;
+	if (!has_deleted)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)");
+	else
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#");
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_untracked_header(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "# Untracked files:");
+	if (!advice_status_hints)
+		return;
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#   (use \"git add <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)");
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, c, "#");
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_trailer(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+}
+
+#define quote_path quote_path_relative
+
+static void wt_status_print_unmerged_data(struct wt_status *s,
+					  struct string_list_item *it)
+{
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s);
+	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *one, *how = "bug";
+
+	one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#\t");
+	switch (d->stagemask) {
+	case 1: how = "both deleted:"; break;
+	case 2: how = "added by us:"; break;
+	case 3: how = "deleted by them:"; break;
+	case 4: how = "added by them:"; break;
+	case 5: how = "deleted by us:"; break;
+	case 6: how = "both added:"; break;
+	case 7: how = "both modified:"; break;
+	}
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "%-20s%s\n", how, one);
+	strbuf_release(&onebuf);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
+					int change_type,
+					struct string_list_item *it)
+{
+	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+	const char *c = color(change_type, s);
+	int status = status;
+	char *one_name;
+	char *two_name;
+	const char *one, *two;
+	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT, twobuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	one_name = two_name = it->string;
+	switch (change_type) {
+	case WT_STATUS_UPDATED:
+		status = d->index_status;
+		if (d->head_path)
+			one_name = d->head_path;
+		break;
+	case WT_STATUS_CHANGED:
+		status = d->worktree_status;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	one = quote_path(one_name, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+	two = quote_path(two_name, -1, &twobuf, s->prefix);
+
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#\t");
+	switch (status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "new file:   %s", one);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "copied:     %s -> %s", one, two);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "deleted:    %s", one);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "modified:   %s", one);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "renamed:    %s -> %s", one, two);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "typechange: %s", one);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "unknown:    %s", one);
+		break;
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, c, "unmerged:   %s", one);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("bug: unhandled diff status %c", status);
+	}
+	fprintf(s->fp, "\n");
+	strbuf_release(&onebuf);
+	strbuf_release(&twobuf);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_collect_changed_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+					 struct diff_options *options,
+					 void *data)
+{
+	struct wt_status *s = data;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!q->nr)
+		return;
+	s->workdir_dirty = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p;
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+
+		p = q->queue[i];
+		it = string_list_insert(p->one->path, &s->change);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (!d) {
+			d = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*d));
+			it->util = d;
+		}
+		if (!d->worktree_status)
+			d->worktree_status = p->status;
+	}
+}
+
+static int unmerged_mask(const char *path)
+{
+	int pos, mask;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
+	if (0 <= pos)
+		return 0;
+
+	mask = 0;
+	pos = -pos-1;
+	while (pos < active_nr) {
+		ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		if (strcmp(ce->name, path) || !ce_stage(ce))
+			break;
+		mask |= (1 << (ce_stage(ce) - 1));
+	}
+	return mask;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_collect_updated_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+					 struct diff_options *options,
+					 void *data)
+{
+	struct wt_status *s = data;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p;
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+
+		p = q->queue[i];
+		it = string_list_insert(p->two->path, &s->change);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (!d) {
+			d = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*d));
+			it->util = d;
+		}
+		if (!d->index_status)
+			d->index_status = p->status;
+		switch (p->status) {
+		case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+			d->head_path = xstrdup(p->one->path);
+			break;
+		case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
+			d->stagemask = unmerged_mask(p->two->path);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void wt_status_collect_changes_worktree(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_changed_cb;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
+	rev.prune_data = s->pathspec;
+	run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev,
+		s->is_initial ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : s->reference);
+	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_updated_cb;
+	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
+	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
+	rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 200;
+	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
+	rev.prune_data = s->pathspec;
+	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, s->pathspec))
+			continue;
+		it = string_list_insert(ce->name, &s->change);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (!d) {
+			d = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*d));
+			it->util = d;
+		}
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED;
+			d->stagemask |= (1 << (ce_stage(ce) - 1));
+		}
+		else
+			d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
+	}
+}
+
+static void wt_status_collect_untracked(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+
+	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
+		return;
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
+		dir.flags |=
+			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
+		if (!cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len))
+			continue;
+		if (!match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+			continue;
+		s->workdir_untracked = 1;
+		string_list_insert(ent->name, &s->untracked);
+	}
+}
+
+void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	wt_status_collect_changes_worktree(s);
+
+	if (s->is_initial)
+		wt_status_collect_changes_initial(s);
+	else
+		wt_status_collect_changes_index(s);
+	wt_status_collect_untracked(s);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int shown_header = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (!d->stagemask)
+			continue;
+		if (!shown_header) {
+			wt_status_print_unmerged_header(s);
+			shown_header = 1;
+		}
+		wt_status_print_unmerged_data(s, it);
+	}
+	if (shown_header)
+		wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_updated(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int shown_header = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (!d->index_status ||
+		    d->index_status == DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED)
+			continue;
+		if (!shown_header) {
+			wt_status_print_cached_header(s);
+			s->commitable = 1;
+			shown_header = 1;
+		}
+		wt_status_print_change_data(s, WT_STATUS_UPDATED, it);
+	}
+	if (shown_header)
+		wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * -1 : has delete
+ *  0 : no change
+ *  1 : some change but no delete
+ */
+static int wt_status_check_worktree_changes(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	int changes = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		d = s->change.items[i].util;
+		if (!d->worktree_status ||
+		    d->worktree_status == DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED)
+			continue;
+		changes = 1;
+		if (d->worktree_status == DIFF_STATUS_DELETED)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return changes;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_changed(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	int worktree_changes = wt_status_check_worktree_changes(s);
+
+	if (!worktree_changes)
+		return;
+
+	wt_status_print_dirty_header(s, worktree_changes < 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (!d->worktree_status ||
+		    d->worktree_status == DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED)
+			continue;
+		wt_status_print_change_data(s, WT_STATUS_CHANGED, it);
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_submodule_summary(struct wt_status *s, int uncommitted)
+{
+	struct child_process sm_summary;
+	char summary_limit[64];
+	char index[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *env[] = { index, NULL };
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"submodule",
+		"summary",
+		uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached",
+		"--for-status",
+		"--summary-limit",
+		summary_limit,
+		uncommitted ? NULL : (s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD"),
+		NULL
+	};
+
+	sprintf(summary_limit, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
+	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", s->index_file);
+
+	memset(&sm_summary, 0, sizeof(sm_summary));
+	sm_summary.argv = argv;
+	sm_summary.env = env;
+	sm_summary.git_cmd = 1;
+	sm_summary.no_stdin = 1;
+	fflush(s->fp);
+	sm_summary.out = dup(fileno(s->fp));    /* run_command closes it */
+	run_command(&sm_summary);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_untracked(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!s->untracked.nr)
+		return;
+
+	wt_status_print_untracked_header(s);
+	for (i = 0; i < s->untracked.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+		it = &(s->untracked.items[i]);
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#\t");
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s), "%s",
+				 quote_path(it->string, strlen(it->string),
+					    &buf, s->prefix));
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev,
+		s->is_initial ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : s->reference);
+	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
+	rev.diffopt.file = s->fp;
+	rev.diffopt.close_file = 0;
+	/*
+	 * If we're not going to stdout, then we definitely don't
+	 * want color, since we are going to the commit message
+	 * file (and even the "auto" setting won't work, since it
+	 * will have checked isatty on stdout).
+	 */
+	if (s->fp != stdout)
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(&rev.diffopt, COLOR_DIFF);
+	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *cp, *ep;
+	struct branch *branch;
+
+	assert(s->branch && !s->is_initial);
+	if (prefixcmp(s->branch, "refs/heads/"))
+		return;
+	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
+	if (!format_tracking_info(branch, &sb))
+		return;
+
+	for (cp = sb.buf; (ep = strchr(cp, '\n')) != NULL; cp = ep + 1)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
+				 "# %.*s", (int)(ep - cp), cp);
+	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+}
+
+void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+
+	if (s->branch) {
+		const char *on_what = "On branch ";
+		const char *branch_name = s->branch;
+		if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
+			branch_name += 11;
+		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
+			branch_name = "";
+			branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
+			on_what = "Not currently on any branch.";
+		}
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "# ");
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, branch_color, "%s%s", on_what, branch_name);
+		if (!s->is_initial)
+			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
+	}
+
+	if (s->is_initial) {
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "# Initial commit");
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+	}
+
+	wt_status_print_updated(s);
+	wt_status_print_unmerged(s);
+	wt_status_print_changed(s);
+	if (s->submodule_summary) {
+		wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 0);  /* staged */
+		wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 1);  /* unstaged */
+	}
+	if (s->show_untracked_files)
+		wt_status_print_untracked(s);
+	else if (s->commitable)
+		 fprintf(s->fp, "# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)\n");
+
+	if (s->verbose)
+		wt_status_print_verbose(s);
+	if (!s->commitable) {
+		if (s->amend)
+			fprintf(s->fp, "# No changes\n");
+		else if (s->nowarn)
+			; /* nothing */
+		else if (s->workdir_dirty)
+			printf("no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n");
+		else if (s->untracked.nr)
+			printf("nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to track)\n");
+		else if (s->is_initial)
+			printf("nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n");
+		else if (!s->show_untracked_files)
+			printf("nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n");
+		else
+			printf("nothing to commit (working directory clean)\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+			   struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+	const char *how = "??";
+
+	switch (d->stagemask) {
+	case 1: how = "DD"; break; /* both deleted */
+	case 2: how = "AU"; break; /* added by us */
+	case 3: how = "UD"; break; /* deleted by them */
+	case 4: how = "UA"; break; /* added by them */
+	case 5: how = "DU"; break; /* deleted by us */
+	case 6: how = "AA"; break; /* both added */
+	case 7: how = "UU"; break; /* both modified */
+	}
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s), "%s", how);
+	if (null_termination) {
+		fprintf(stdout, " %s%c", it->string, 0);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *one;
+		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		printf(" %s\n", one);
+		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+			 struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+
+	if (d->index_status)
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UPDATED, s), "%c", d->index_status);
+	else
+		putchar(' ');
+	if (d->worktree_status)
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_CHANGED, s), "%c", d->worktree_status);
+	else
+		putchar(' ');
+	putchar(' ');
+	if (null_termination) {
+		fprintf(stdout, "%s%c", it->string, 0);
+		if (d->head_path)
+			fprintf(stdout, "%s%c", d->head_path, 0);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *one;
+		if (d->head_path) {
+			one = quote_path(d->head_path, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+			printf("%s -> ", one);
+			strbuf_release(&onebuf);
+		}
+		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		printf("%s\n", one);
+		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void wt_shortstatus_untracked(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+			    struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	if (null_termination) {
+		fprintf(stdout, "?? %s%c", it->string, 0);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *one;
+		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s), "??");
+		printf(" %s\n", one);
+		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
+	}
+}
+
+void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+
+		it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		d = it->util;
+		if (d->stagemask)
+			wt_shortstatus_unmerged(null_termination, it, s);
+		else
+			wt_shortstatus_status(null_termination, it, s);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < s->untracked.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it;
+
+		it = &(s->untracked.items[i]);
+		wt_shortstatus_untracked(null_termination, it, s);
+	}
+}
+
+void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination)
+{
+	s->use_color = 0;
+	s->relative_paths = 0;
+	s->prefix = NULL;
+	wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination);
+}
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c60f40a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef STATUS_H
+#define STATUS_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "color.h"
+
+enum color_wt_status {
+	WT_STATUS_HEADER = 0,
+	WT_STATUS_UPDATED,
+	WT_STATUS_CHANGED,
+	WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED,
+	WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH,
+	WT_STATUS_UNMERGED,
+};
+
+enum untracked_status_type {
+	SHOW_NO_UNTRACKED_FILES,
+	SHOW_NORMAL_UNTRACKED_FILES,
+	SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES
+};
+
+struct wt_status_change_data {
+	int worktree_status;
+	int index_status;
+	int stagemask;
+	char *head_path;
+};
+
+struct wt_status {
+	int is_initial;
+	char *branch;
+	const char *reference;
+	const char **pathspec;
+	int verbose;
+	int amend;
+	int in_merge;
+	int nowarn;
+	int use_color;
+	int relative_paths;
+	int submodule_summary;
+	enum untracked_status_type show_untracked_files;
+	char color_palette[WT_STATUS_UNMERGED+1][COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+	/* These are computed during processing of the individual sections */
+	int commitable;
+	int workdir_dirty;
+	int workdir_untracked;
+	const char *index_file;
+	FILE *fp;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct string_list change;
+	struct string_list untracked;
+};
+
+void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);
+
+void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination);
+void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination);
+
+#endif /* STATUS_H */
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.c b/xdiff-interface.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01f14fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff-interface.c
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "xdiff/xtypes.h"
+#include "xdiff/xdiffi.h"
+#include "xdiff/xemit.h"
+#include "xdiff/xmacros.h"
+
+struct xdiff_emit_state {
+	xdiff_emit_consume_fn consume;
+	void *consume_callback_data;
+	struct strbuf remainder;
+};
+
+static int parse_num(char **cp_p, int *num_p)
+{
+	char *cp = *cp_p;
+	int num = 0;
+
+	while ('0' <= *cp && *cp <= '9')
+		num = num * 10 + *cp++ - '0';
+	if (!(cp - *cp_p))
+		return -1;
+	*cp_p = cp;
+	*num_p = num;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_hunk_header(char *line, int len,
+		      int *ob, int *on,
+		      int *nb, int *nn)
+{
+	char *cp;
+	cp = line + 4;
+	if (parse_num(&cp, ob)) {
+	bad_line:
+		return error("malformed diff output: %s", line);
+	}
+	if (*cp == ',') {
+		cp++;
+		if (parse_num(&cp, on))
+			goto bad_line;
+	}
+	else
+		*on = 1;
+	if (*cp++ != ' ' || *cp++ != '+')
+		goto bad_line;
+	if (parse_num(&cp, nb))
+		goto bad_line;
+	if (*cp == ',') {
+		cp++;
+		if (parse_num(&cp, nn))
+			goto bad_line;
+	}
+	else
+		*nn = 1;
+	return -!!memcmp(cp, " @@", 3);
+}
+
+static void consume_one(void *priv_, char *s, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct xdiff_emit_state *priv = priv_;
+	char *ep;
+	while (size) {
+		unsigned long this_size;
+		ep = memchr(s, '\n', size);
+		this_size = (ep == NULL) ? size : (ep - s + 1);
+		priv->consume(priv->consume_callback_data, s, this_size);
+		size -= this_size;
+		s += this_size;
+	}
+}
+
+static int xdiff_outf(void *priv_, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf)
+{
+	struct xdiff_emit_state *priv = priv_;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
+		if (mb[i].ptr[mb[i].size-1] != '\n') {
+			/* Incomplete line */
+			strbuf_add(&priv->remainder, mb[i].ptr, mb[i].size);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* we have a complete line */
+		if (!priv->remainder.len) {
+			consume_one(priv, mb[i].ptr, mb[i].size);
+			continue;
+		}
+		strbuf_add(&priv->remainder, mb[i].ptr, mb[i].size);
+		consume_one(priv, priv->remainder.buf, priv->remainder.len);
+		strbuf_reset(&priv->remainder);
+	}
+	if (priv->remainder.len) {
+		consume_one(priv, priv->remainder.buf, priv->remainder.len);
+		strbuf_reset(&priv->remainder);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Trim down common substring at the end of the buffers,
+ * but leave at least ctx lines at the end.
+ */
+static void trim_common_tail(mmfile_t *a, mmfile_t *b, long ctx)
+{
+	const int blk = 1024;
+	long trimmed = 0, recovered = 0;
+	char *ap = a->ptr + a->size;
+	char *bp = b->ptr + b->size;
+	long smaller = (a->size < b->size) ? a->size : b->size;
+
+	if (ctx)
+		return;
+
+	while (blk + trimmed <= smaller && !memcmp(ap - blk, bp - blk, blk)) {
+		trimmed += blk;
+		ap -= blk;
+		bp -= blk;
+	}
+
+	while (recovered < trimmed)
+		if (ap[recovered++] == '\n')
+			break;
+	a->size -= trimmed - recovered;
+	b->size -= trimmed - recovered;
+}
+
+int xdi_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *xecb)
+{
+	mmfile_t a = *mf1;
+	mmfile_t b = *mf2;
+
+	trim_common_tail(&a, &b, xecfg->ctxlen);
+
+	return xdl_diff(&a, &b, xpp, xecfg, xecb);
+}
+
+int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
+		  xdiff_emit_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
+		  xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *xecb)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct xdiff_emit_state state;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	state.consume = fn;
+	state.consume_callback_data = consume_callback_data;
+	xecb->outf = xdiff_outf;
+	xecb->priv = &state;
+	strbuf_init(&state.remainder, 0);
+	ret = xdi_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xecfg, xecb);
+	strbuf_release(&state.remainder);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state {
+	xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn consume;
+	void *consume_callback_data;
+};
+
+static int process_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+			xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	long s1, s2, same, p_next, t_next;
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
+	struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state *state = ecb->priv;
+	xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn = state->consume;
+	void *consume_callback_data = state->consume_callback_data;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+
+		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
+		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
+		same = s2 + XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - s1, 0);
+		p_next = xche->i1 + xche->chg1;
+		t_next = xche->i2 + xche->chg2;
+
+		fn(consume_callback_data, same, p_next, t_next);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int xdi_diff_hunks(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
+		   xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
+		   xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t *xecfg)
+{
+	struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state state;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
+	state.consume = fn;
+	state.consume_callback_data = consume_callback_data;
+	xecfg->emit_func = (void (*)())process_diff;
+	ecb.priv = &state;
+	return xdi_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
+int read_mmfile(mmfile_t *ptr, const char *filename)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	FILE *f;
+	size_t sz;
+
+	if (stat(filename, &st))
+		return error("Could not stat %s", filename);
+	if ((f = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL)
+		return error("Could not open %s", filename);
+	sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	ptr->ptr = xmalloc(sz ? sz : 1);
+	if (sz && fread(ptr->ptr, sz, 1, f) != 1)
+		return error("Could not read %s", filename);
+	fclose(f);
+	ptr->size = sz;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define FIRST_FEW_BYTES 8000
+int buffer_is_binary(const char *ptr, unsigned long size)
+{
+	if (FIRST_FEW_BYTES < size)
+		size = FIRST_FEW_BYTES;
+	return !!memchr(ptr, 0, size);
+}
+
+struct ff_regs {
+	int nr;
+	struct ff_reg {
+		regex_t re;
+		int negate;
+	} *array;
+};
+
+static long ff_regexp(const char *line, long len,
+		char *buffer, long buffer_size, void *priv)
+{
+	char *line_buffer;
+	struct ff_regs *regs = priv;
+	regmatch_t pmatch[2];
+	int i;
+	int result = -1;
+
+	/* Exclude terminating newline (and cr) from matching */
+	if (len > 0 && line[len-1] == '\n') {
+		if (len > 1 && line[len-2] == '\r')
+			len -= 2;
+		else
+			len--;
+	}
+
+	line_buffer = xstrndup(line, len); /* make NUL terminated */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < regs->nr; i++) {
+		struct ff_reg *reg = regs->array + i;
+		if (!regexec(&reg->re, line_buffer, 2, pmatch, 0)) {
+			if (reg->negate)
+				goto fail;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (regs->nr <= i)
+		goto fail;
+	i = pmatch[1].rm_so >= 0 ? 1 : 0;
+	line += pmatch[i].rm_so;
+	result = pmatch[i].rm_eo - pmatch[i].rm_so;
+	if (result > buffer_size)
+		result = buffer_size;
+	else
+		while (result > 0 && (isspace(line[result - 1])))
+			result--;
+	memcpy(buffer, line, result);
+ fail:
+	free(line_buffer);
+	return result;
+}
+
+void xdiff_set_find_func(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *value, int cflags)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct ff_regs *regs;
+
+	xecfg->find_func = ff_regexp;
+	regs = xecfg->find_func_priv = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ff_regs));
+	for (i = 0, regs->nr = 1; value[i]; i++)
+		if (value[i] == '\n')
+			regs->nr++;
+	regs->array = xmalloc(regs->nr * sizeof(struct ff_reg));
+	for (i = 0; i < regs->nr; i++) {
+		struct ff_reg *reg = regs->array + i;
+		const char *ep = strchr(value, '\n'), *expression;
+		char *buffer = NULL;
+
+		reg->negate = (*value == '!');
+		if (reg->negate && i == regs->nr - 1)
+			die("Last expression must not be negated: %s", value);
+		if (*value == '!')
+			value++;
+		if (ep)
+			expression = buffer = xstrndup(value, ep - value);
+		else
+			expression = value;
+		if (regcomp(&reg->re, expression, cflags))
+			die("Invalid regexp to look for hunk header: %s", expression);
+		free(buffer);
+		value = ep + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+void xdiff_clear_find_func(xdemitconf_t *xecfg)
+{
+	if (xecfg->find_func) {
+		int i;
+		struct ff_regs *regs = xecfg->find_func_priv;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < regs->nr; i++)
+			regfree(&regs->array[i].re);
+		free(regs->array);
+		free(regs);
+		xecfg->find_func = NULL;
+		xecfg->find_func_priv = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+int git_xmerge_style = -1;
+
+int git_xmerge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "merge.conflictstyle")) {
+		if (!value)
+			die("'%s' is not a boolean", var);
+		if (!strcmp(value, "diff3"))
+			git_xmerge_style = XDL_MERGE_DIFF3;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "merge"))
+			git_xmerge_style = 0;
+		else
+			die("unknown style '%s' given for '%s'",
+			    value, var);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.h b/xdiff-interface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55572c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff-interface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef XDIFF_INTERFACE_H
+#define XDIFF_INTERFACE_H
+
+#include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
+
+typedef void (*xdiff_emit_consume_fn)(void *, char *, unsigned long);
+typedef void (*xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn)(void *, long, long, long);
+
+int xdi_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
+int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
+		  xdiff_emit_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
+		  xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *xecb);
+int xdi_diff_hunks(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
+		   xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
+		   xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t *xecfg);
+int parse_hunk_header(char *line, int len,
+		      int *ob, int *on,
+		      int *nb, int *nn);
+int read_mmfile(mmfile_t *ptr, const char *filename);
+int buffer_is_binary(const char *ptr, unsigned long size);
+
+extern void xdiff_set_find_func(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *line, int cflags);
+extern void xdiff_clear_find_func(xdemitconf_t *xecfg);
+extern int git_xmerge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+extern int git_xmerge_style;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f6229e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XDIFF_H)
+#define XDIFF_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif /* #ifdef __cplusplus */
+
+
+#define XDF_NEED_MINIMAL (1 << 1)
+#define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE (1 << 2)
+#define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE (1 << 3)
+#define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL (1 << 4)
+#define XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF (1 << 5)
+#define XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL)
+
+#define XDL_PATCH_NORMAL '-'
+#define XDL_PATCH_REVERSE '+'
+#define XDL_PATCH_MODEMASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
+#define XDL_PATCH_IGNOREBSPACE (1 << 8)
+
+#define XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES (1 << 0)
+#define XDL_EMIT_COMMON (1 << 1)
+
+#define XDL_MMB_READONLY (1 << 0)
+
+#define XDL_MMF_ATOMIC (1 << 0)
+
+#define XDL_BDOP_INS 1
+#define XDL_BDOP_CPY 2
+#define XDL_BDOP_INSB 3
+
+/* merge simplification levels */
+#define XDL_MERGE_MINIMAL 0
+#define XDL_MERGE_EAGER 1
+#define XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS 2
+#define XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS_ALNUM 3
+#define XDL_MERGE_LEVEL_MASK 0x0f
+
+/* merge favor modes */
+#define XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS 1
+#define XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS 2
+#define XDL_MERGE_FAVOR(flags) (((flags)>>4) & 3)
+#define XDL_MERGE_FLAGS(level, style, favor) ((level)|(style)|((favor)<<4))
+
+/* merge output styles */
+#define XDL_MERGE_DIFF3 0x8000
+#define XDL_MERGE_STYLE_MASK 0x8000
+
+typedef struct s_mmfile {
+	char *ptr;
+	long size;
+} mmfile_t;
+
+typedef struct s_mmbuffer {
+	char *ptr;
+	long size;
+} mmbuffer_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xpparam {
+	unsigned long flags;
+} xpparam_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xdemitcb {
+	void *priv;
+	int (*outf)(void *, mmbuffer_t *, int);
+} xdemitcb_t;
+
+typedef long (*find_func_t)(const char *line, long line_len, char *buffer, long buffer_size, void *priv);
+
+typedef struct s_xdemitconf {
+	long ctxlen;
+	long interhunkctxlen;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	find_func_t find_func;
+	void *find_func_priv;
+	void (*emit_func)();
+} xdemitconf_t;
+
+typedef struct s_bdiffparam {
+	long bsize;
+} bdiffparam_t;
+
+
+#define xdl_malloc(x) malloc(x)
+#define xdl_free(ptr) free(ptr)
+#define xdl_realloc(ptr,x) realloc(ptr,x)
+
+void *xdl_mmfile_first(mmfile_t *mmf, long *size);
+void *xdl_mmfile_next(mmfile_t *mmf, long *size);
+long xdl_mmfile_size(mmfile_t *mmf);
+
+int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+	     xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
+
+typedef struct s_xmparam {
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	int marker_size;
+} xmparam_t;
+
+#define DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE 7
+
+int xdl_merge(mmfile_t *orig, mmfile_t *mf1, const char *name1,
+		mmfile_t *mf2, const char *name2,
+		xmparam_t const *xmp, int flags, mmbuffer_t *result);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* #ifdef __cplusplus */
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XDIFF_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.c b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da67c04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003	Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "xinclude.h"
+
+
+
+#define XDL_MAX_COST_MIN 256
+#define XDL_HEUR_MIN_COST 256
+#define XDL_LINE_MAX (long)((1UL << (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(long) - 1)) - 1)
+#define XDL_SNAKE_CNT 20
+#define XDL_K_HEUR 4
+
+
+
+typedef struct s_xdpsplit {
+	long i1, i2;
+	int min_lo, min_hi;
+} xdpsplit_t;
+
+
+
+
+static long xdl_split(unsigned long const *ha1, long off1, long lim1,
+		      unsigned long const *ha2, long off2, long lim2,
+		      long *kvdf, long *kvdb, int need_min, xdpsplit_t *spl,
+		      xdalgoenv_t *xenv);
+static xdchange_t *xdl_add_change(xdchange_t *xscr, long i1, long i2, long chg1, long chg2);
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ * See "An O(ND) Difference Algorithm and its Variations", by Eugene Myers.
+ * Basically considers a "box" (off1, off2, lim1, lim2) and scan from both
+ * the forward diagonal starting from (off1, off2) and the backward diagonal
+ * starting from (lim1, lim2). If the K values on the same diagonal crosses
+ * returns the furthest point of reach. We might end up having to expensive
+ * cases using this algorithm is full, so a little bit of heuristic is needed
+ * to cut the search and to return a suboptimal point.
+ */
+static long xdl_split(unsigned long const *ha1, long off1, long lim1,
+		      unsigned long const *ha2, long off2, long lim2,
+		      long *kvdf, long *kvdb, int need_min, xdpsplit_t *spl,
+		      xdalgoenv_t *xenv) {
+	long dmin = off1 - lim2, dmax = lim1 - off2;
+	long fmid = off1 - off2, bmid = lim1 - lim2;
+	long odd = (fmid - bmid) & 1;
+	long fmin = fmid, fmax = fmid;
+	long bmin = bmid, bmax = bmid;
+	long ec, d, i1, i2, prev1, best, dd, v, k;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set initial diagonal values for both forward and backward path.
+	 */
+	kvdf[fmid] = off1;
+	kvdb[bmid] = lim1;
+
+	for (ec = 1;; ec++) {
+		int got_snake = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * We need to extent the diagonal "domain" by one. If the next
+		 * values exits the box boundaries we need to change it in the
+		 * opposite direction because (max - min) must be a power of two.
+		 * Also we initialize the external K value to -1 so that we can
+		 * avoid extra conditions check inside the core loop.
+		 */
+		if (fmin > dmin)
+			kvdf[--fmin - 1] = -1;
+		else
+			++fmin;
+		if (fmax < dmax)
+			kvdf[++fmax + 1] = -1;
+		else
+			--fmax;
+
+		for (d = fmax; d >= fmin; d -= 2) {
+			if (kvdf[d - 1] >= kvdf[d + 1])
+				i1 = kvdf[d - 1] + 1;
+			else
+				i1 = kvdf[d + 1];
+			prev1 = i1;
+			i2 = i1 - d;
+			for (; i1 < lim1 && i2 < lim2 && ha1[i1] == ha2[i2]; i1++, i2++);
+			if (i1 - prev1 > xenv->snake_cnt)
+				got_snake = 1;
+			kvdf[d] = i1;
+			if (odd && bmin <= d && d <= bmax && kvdb[d] <= i1) {
+				spl->i1 = i1;
+				spl->i2 = i2;
+				spl->min_lo = spl->min_hi = 1;
+				return ec;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We need to extent the diagonal "domain" by one. If the next
+		 * values exits the box boundaries we need to change it in the
+		 * opposite direction because (max - min) must be a power of two.
+		 * Also we initialize the external K value to -1 so that we can
+		 * avoid extra conditions check inside the core loop.
+		 */
+		if (bmin > dmin)
+			kvdb[--bmin - 1] = XDL_LINE_MAX;
+		else
+			++bmin;
+		if (bmax < dmax)
+			kvdb[++bmax + 1] = XDL_LINE_MAX;
+		else
+			--bmax;
+
+		for (d = bmax; d >= bmin; d -= 2) {
+			if (kvdb[d - 1] < kvdb[d + 1])
+				i1 = kvdb[d - 1];
+			else
+				i1 = kvdb[d + 1] - 1;
+			prev1 = i1;
+			i2 = i1 - d;
+			for (; i1 > off1 && i2 > off2 && ha1[i1 - 1] == ha2[i2 - 1]; i1--, i2--);
+			if (prev1 - i1 > xenv->snake_cnt)
+				got_snake = 1;
+			kvdb[d] = i1;
+			if (!odd && fmin <= d && d <= fmax && i1 <= kvdf[d]) {
+				spl->i1 = i1;
+				spl->i2 = i2;
+				spl->min_lo = spl->min_hi = 1;
+				return ec;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (need_min)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the edit cost is above the heuristic trigger and if
+		 * we got a good snake, we sample current diagonals to see
+		 * if some of the, have reached an "interesting" path. Our
+		 * measure is a function of the distance from the diagonal
+		 * corner (i1 + i2) penalized with the distance from the
+		 * mid diagonal itself. If this value is above the current
+		 * edit cost times a magic factor (XDL_K_HEUR) we consider
+		 * it interesting.
+		 */
+		if (got_snake && ec > xenv->heur_min) {
+			for (best = 0, d = fmax; d >= fmin; d -= 2) {
+				dd = d > fmid ? d - fmid: fmid - d;
+				i1 = kvdf[d];
+				i2 = i1 - d;
+				v = (i1 - off1) + (i2 - off2) - dd;
+
+				if (v > XDL_K_HEUR * ec && v > best &&
+				    off1 + xenv->snake_cnt <= i1 && i1 < lim1 &&
+				    off2 + xenv->snake_cnt <= i2 && i2 < lim2) {
+					for (k = 1; ha1[i1 - k] == ha2[i2 - k]; k++)
+						if (k == xenv->snake_cnt) {
+							best = v;
+							spl->i1 = i1;
+							spl->i2 = i2;
+							break;
+						}
+				}
+			}
+			if (best > 0) {
+				spl->min_lo = 1;
+				spl->min_hi = 0;
+				return ec;
+			}
+
+			for (best = 0, d = bmax; d >= bmin; d -= 2) {
+				dd = d > bmid ? d - bmid: bmid - d;
+				i1 = kvdb[d];
+				i2 = i1 - d;
+				v = (lim1 - i1) + (lim2 - i2) - dd;
+
+				if (v > XDL_K_HEUR * ec && v > best &&
+				    off1 < i1 && i1 <= lim1 - xenv->snake_cnt &&
+				    off2 < i2 && i2 <= lim2 - xenv->snake_cnt) {
+					for (k = 0; ha1[i1 + k] == ha2[i2 + k]; k++)
+						if (k == xenv->snake_cnt - 1) {
+							best = v;
+							spl->i1 = i1;
+							spl->i2 = i2;
+							break;
+						}
+				}
+			}
+			if (best > 0) {
+				spl->min_lo = 0;
+				spl->min_hi = 1;
+				return ec;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Enough is enough. We spent too much time here and now we collect
+		 * the furthest reaching path using the (i1 + i2) measure.
+		 */
+		if (ec >= xenv->mxcost) {
+			long fbest, fbest1, bbest, bbest1;
+
+			fbest = fbest1 = -1;
+			for (d = fmax; d >= fmin; d -= 2) {
+				i1 = XDL_MIN(kvdf[d], lim1);
+				i2 = i1 - d;
+				if (lim2 < i2)
+					i1 = lim2 + d, i2 = lim2;
+				if (fbest < i1 + i2) {
+					fbest = i1 + i2;
+					fbest1 = i1;
+				}
+			}
+
+			bbest = bbest1 = XDL_LINE_MAX;
+			for (d = bmax; d >= bmin; d -= 2) {
+				i1 = XDL_MAX(off1, kvdb[d]);
+				i2 = i1 - d;
+				if (i2 < off2)
+					i1 = off2 + d, i2 = off2;
+				if (i1 + i2 < bbest) {
+					bbest = i1 + i2;
+					bbest1 = i1;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ((lim1 + lim2) - bbest < fbest - (off1 + off2)) {
+				spl->i1 = fbest1;
+				spl->i2 = fbest - fbest1;
+				spl->min_lo = 1;
+				spl->min_hi = 0;
+			} else {
+				spl->i1 = bbest1;
+				spl->i2 = bbest - bbest1;
+				spl->min_lo = 0;
+				spl->min_hi = 1;
+			}
+			return ec;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Rule: "Divide et Impera". Recursively split the box in sub-boxes by calling
+ * the box splitting function. Note that the real job (marking changed lines)
+ * is done in the two boundary reaching checks.
+ */
+int xdl_recs_cmp(diffdata_t *dd1, long off1, long lim1,
+		 diffdata_t *dd2, long off2, long lim2,
+		 long *kvdf, long *kvdb, int need_min, xdalgoenv_t *xenv) {
+	unsigned long const *ha1 = dd1->ha, *ha2 = dd2->ha;
+
+	/*
+	 * Shrink the box by walking through each diagonal snake (SW and NE).
+	 */
+	for (; off1 < lim1 && off2 < lim2 && ha1[off1] == ha2[off2]; off1++, off2++);
+	for (; off1 < lim1 && off2 < lim2 && ha1[lim1 - 1] == ha2[lim2 - 1]; lim1--, lim2--);
+
+	/*
+	 * If one dimension is empty, then all records on the other one must
+	 * be obviously changed.
+	 */
+	if (off1 == lim1) {
+		char *rchg2 = dd2->rchg;
+		long *rindex2 = dd2->rindex;
+
+		for (; off2 < lim2; off2++)
+			rchg2[rindex2[off2]] = 1;
+	} else if (off2 == lim2) {
+		char *rchg1 = dd1->rchg;
+		long *rindex1 = dd1->rindex;
+
+		for (; off1 < lim1; off1++)
+			rchg1[rindex1[off1]] = 1;
+	} else {
+		xdpsplit_t spl;
+		spl.i1 = spl.i2 = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * Divide ...
+		 */
+		if (xdl_split(ha1, off1, lim1, ha2, off2, lim2, kvdf, kvdb,
+			      need_min, &spl, xenv) < 0) {
+
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * ... et Impera.
+		 */
+		if (xdl_recs_cmp(dd1, off1, spl.i1, dd2, off2, spl.i2,
+				 kvdf, kvdb, spl.min_lo, xenv) < 0 ||
+		    xdl_recs_cmp(dd1, spl.i1, lim1, dd2, spl.i2, lim2,
+				 kvdf, kvdb, spl.min_hi, xenv) < 0) {
+
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_do_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		xdfenv_t *xe) {
+	long ndiags;
+	long *kvd, *kvdf, *kvdb;
+	xdalgoenv_t xenv;
+	diffdata_t dd1, dd2;
+
+	if (xpp->flags & XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF)
+		return xdl_do_patience_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe);
+
+	if (xdl_prepare_env(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate and setup K vectors to be used by the differential algorithm.
+	 * One is to store the forward path and one to store the backward path.
+	 */
+	ndiags = xe->xdf1.nreff + xe->xdf2.nreff + 3;
+	if (!(kvd = (long *) xdl_malloc((2 * ndiags + 2) * sizeof(long)))) {
+
+		xdl_free_env(xe);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	kvdf = kvd;
+	kvdb = kvdf + ndiags;
+	kvdf += xe->xdf2.nreff + 1;
+	kvdb += xe->xdf2.nreff + 1;
+
+	xenv.mxcost = xdl_bogosqrt(ndiags);
+	if (xenv.mxcost < XDL_MAX_COST_MIN)
+		xenv.mxcost = XDL_MAX_COST_MIN;
+	xenv.snake_cnt = XDL_SNAKE_CNT;
+	xenv.heur_min = XDL_HEUR_MIN_COST;
+
+	dd1.nrec = xe->xdf1.nreff;
+	dd1.ha = xe->xdf1.ha;
+	dd1.rchg = xe->xdf1.rchg;
+	dd1.rindex = xe->xdf1.rindex;
+	dd2.nrec = xe->xdf2.nreff;
+	dd2.ha = xe->xdf2.ha;
+	dd2.rchg = xe->xdf2.rchg;
+	dd2.rindex = xe->xdf2.rindex;
+
+	if (xdl_recs_cmp(&dd1, 0, dd1.nrec, &dd2, 0, dd2.nrec,
+			 kvdf, kvdb, (xpp->flags & XDF_NEED_MINIMAL) != 0, &xenv) < 0) {
+
+		xdl_free(kvd);
+		xdl_free_env(xe);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	xdl_free(kvd);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static xdchange_t *xdl_add_change(xdchange_t *xscr, long i1, long i2, long chg1, long chg2) {
+	xdchange_t *xch;
+
+	if (!(xch = (xdchange_t *) xdl_malloc(sizeof(xdchange_t))))
+		return NULL;
+
+	xch->next = xscr;
+	xch->i1 = i1;
+	xch->i2 = i2;
+	xch->chg1 = chg1;
+	xch->chg2 = chg2;
+
+	return xch;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
+	long ix, ixo, ixs, ixref, grpsiz, nrec = xdf->nrec;
+	char *rchg = xdf->rchg, *rchgo = xdfo->rchg;
+	xrecord_t **recs = xdf->recs;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is the same of what GNU diff does. Move back and forward
+	 * change groups for a consistent and pretty diff output. This also
+	 * helps in finding joinable change groups and reduce the diff size.
+	 */
+	for (ix = ixo = 0;;) {
+		/*
+		 * Find the first changed line in the to-be-compacted file.
+		 * We need to keep track of both indexes, so if we find a
+		 * changed lines group on the other file, while scanning the
+		 * to-be-compacted file, we need to skip it properly. Note
+		 * that loops that are testing for changed lines on rchg* do
+		 * not need index bounding since the array is prepared with
+		 * a zero at position -1 and N.
+		 */
+		for (; ix < nrec && !rchg[ix]; ix++)
+			while (rchgo[ixo++]);
+		if (ix == nrec)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Record the start of a changed-group in the to-be-compacted file
+		 * and find the end of it, on both to-be-compacted and other file
+		 * indexes (ix and ixo).
+		 */
+		ixs = ix;
+		for (ix++; rchg[ix]; ix++);
+		for (; rchgo[ixo]; ixo++);
+
+		do {
+			grpsiz = ix - ixs;
+
+			/*
+			 * If the line before the current change group, is equal to
+			 * the last line of the current change group, shift backward
+			 * the group.
+			 */
+			while (ixs > 0 && recs[ixs - 1]->ha == recs[ix - 1]->ha &&
+			       xdl_recmatch(recs[ixs - 1]->ptr, recs[ixs - 1]->size, recs[ix - 1]->ptr, recs[ix - 1]->size, flags)) {
+				rchg[--ixs] = 1;
+				rchg[--ix] = 0;
+
+				/*
+				 * This change might have joined two change groups,
+				 * so we try to take this scenario in account by moving
+				 * the start index accordingly (and so the other-file
+				 * end-of-group index).
+				 */
+				for (; rchg[ixs - 1]; ixs--);
+				while (rchgo[--ixo]);
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Record the end-of-group position in case we are matched
+			 * with a group of changes in the other file (that is, the
+			 * change record before the end-of-group index in the other
+			 * file is set).
+			 */
+			ixref = rchgo[ixo - 1] ? ix: nrec;
+
+			/*
+			 * If the first line of the current change group, is equal to
+			 * the line next of the current change group, shift forward
+			 * the group.
+			 */
+			while (ix < nrec && recs[ixs]->ha == recs[ix]->ha &&
+			       xdl_recmatch(recs[ixs]->ptr, recs[ixs]->size, recs[ix]->ptr, recs[ix]->size, flags)) {
+				rchg[ixs++] = 0;
+				rchg[ix++] = 1;
+
+				/*
+				 * This change might have joined two change groups,
+				 * so we try to take this scenario in account by moving
+				 * the start index accordingly (and so the other-file
+				 * end-of-group index). Keep tracking the reference
+				 * index in case we are shifting together with a
+				 * corresponding group of changes in the other file.
+				 */
+				for (; rchg[ix]; ix++);
+				while (rchgo[++ixo])
+					ixref = ix;
+			}
+		} while (grpsiz != ix - ixs);
+
+		/*
+		 * Try to move back the possibly merged group of changes, to match
+		 * the recorded postion in the other file.
+		 */
+		while (ixref < ix) {
+			rchg[--ixs] = 1;
+			rchg[--ix] = 0;
+			while (rchgo[--ixo]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_build_script(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t **xscr) {
+	xdchange_t *cscr = NULL, *xch;
+	char *rchg1 = xe->xdf1.rchg, *rchg2 = xe->xdf2.rchg;
+	long i1, i2, l1, l2;
+
+	/*
+	 * Trivial. Collects "groups" of changes and creates an edit script.
+	 */
+	for (i1 = xe->xdf1.nrec, i2 = xe->xdf2.nrec; i1 >= 0 || i2 >= 0; i1--, i2--)
+		if (rchg1[i1 - 1] || rchg2[i2 - 1]) {
+			for (l1 = i1; rchg1[i1 - 1]; i1--);
+			for (l2 = i2; rchg2[i2 - 1]; i2--);
+
+			if (!(xch = xdl_add_change(cscr, i1, i2, l1 - i1, l2 - i2))) {
+				xdl_free_script(cscr);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			cscr = xch;
+		}
+
+	*xscr = cscr;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+void xdl_free_script(xdchange_t *xscr) {
+	xdchange_t *xch;
+
+	while ((xch = xscr) != NULL) {
+		xscr = xscr->next;
+		xdl_free(xch);
+	}
+}
+
+
+int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+	     xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
+	xdchange_t *xscr;
+	xdfenv_t xe;
+	emit_func_t ef = xecfg->emit_func ?
+		(emit_func_t)xecfg->emit_func : xdl_emit_diff;
+
+	if (xdl_do_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, &xe) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (xdl_change_compact(&xe.xdf1, &xe.xdf2, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_change_compact(&xe.xdf2, &xe.xdf1, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_build_script(&xe, &xscr) < 0) {
+
+		xdl_free_env(&xe);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (xscr) {
+		if (ef(&xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg) < 0) {
+
+			xdl_free_script(xscr);
+			xdl_free_env(&xe);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		xdl_free_script(xscr);
+	}
+	xdl_free_env(&xe);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.h b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad033a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XDIFFI_H)
+#define XDIFFI_H
+
+
+typedef struct s_diffdata {
+	long nrec;
+	unsigned long const *ha;
+	long *rindex;
+	char *rchg;
+} diffdata_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xdalgoenv {
+	long mxcost;
+	long snake_cnt;
+	long heur_min;
+} xdalgoenv_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xdchange {
+	struct s_xdchange *next;
+	long i1, i2;
+	long chg1, chg2;
+} xdchange_t;
+
+
+
+int xdl_recs_cmp(diffdata_t *dd1, long off1, long lim1,
+		 diffdata_t *dd2, long off2, long lim2,
+		 long *kvdf, long *kvdb, int need_min, xdalgoenv_t *xenv);
+int xdl_do_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		xdfenv_t *xe);
+int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags);
+int xdl_build_script(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t **xscr);
+void xdl_free_script(xdchange_t *xscr);
+int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+int xdl_do_patience_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		xdfenv_t *env);
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XDIFFI_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.c b/xdiff/xemit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4bedf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003	Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "xinclude.h"
+
+
+
+
+static long xdl_get_rec(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const **rec);
+static int xdl_emit_record(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const *pre, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
+
+
+
+
+static long xdl_get_rec(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const **rec) {
+
+	*rec = xdf->recs[ri]->ptr;
+
+	return xdf->recs[ri]->size;
+}
+
+
+static int xdl_emit_record(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const *pre, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
+	long size, psize = strlen(pre);
+	char const *rec;
+
+	size = xdl_get_rec(xdf, ri, &rec);
+	if (xdl_emit_diffrec(rec, size, pre, psize, ecb) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Starting at the passed change atom, find the latest change atom to be included
+ * inside the differential hunk according to the specified configuration.
+ */
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp;
+	long max_common = 2 * xecfg->ctxlen + xecfg->interhunkctxlen;
+
+	for (xchp = xscr, xch = xscr->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next)
+		if (xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) > max_common)
+			break;
+
+	return xchp;
+}
+
+
+static long def_ff(const char *rec, long len, char *buf, long sz, void *priv)
+{
+	if (len > 0 &&
+			(isalpha((unsigned char)*rec) || /* identifier? */
+			 *rec == '_' ||	/* also identifier? */
+			 *rec == '$')) { /* identifiers from VMS and other esoterico */
+		if (len > sz)
+			len = sz;
+		while (0 < len && isspace((unsigned char)rec[len - 1]))
+			len--;
+		memcpy(buf, rec, len);
+		return len;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void xdl_find_func(xdfile_t *xf, long i, char *buf, long sz, long *ll,
+		find_func_t ff, void *ff_priv) {
+
+	/*
+	 * Be quite stupid about this for now.  Find a line in the old file
+	 * before the start of the hunk (and context) which starts with a
+	 * plausible character.
+	 */
+
+	const char *rec;
+	long len;
+
+	while (i-- > 0) {
+		len = xdl_get_rec(xf, i, &rec);
+		if ((*ll = ff(rec, len, buf, sz, ff_priv)) >= 0)
+			return;
+	}
+	*ll = 0;
+}
+
+
+static int xdl_emit_common(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+                           xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
+	xdfile_t *xdf = &xe->xdf1;
+	const char *rchg = xdf->rchg;
+	long ix;
+
+	for (ix = 0; ix < xdf->nrec; ix++) {
+		if (rchg[ix])
+			continue;
+		if (xdl_emit_record(xdf, ix, "", ecb))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
+	long s1, s2, e1, e2, lctx;
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
+	char funcbuf[80];
+	long funclen = 0;
+	find_func_t ff = xecfg->find_func ?  xecfg->find_func : def_ff;
+
+	if (xecfg->flags & XDL_EMIT_COMMON)
+		return xdl_emit_common(xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg);
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+
+		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
+		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
+
+		lctx = xecfg->ctxlen;
+		lctx = XDL_MIN(lctx, xe->xdf1.nrec - (xche->i1 + xche->chg1));
+		lctx = XDL_MIN(lctx, xe->xdf2.nrec - (xche->i2 + xche->chg2));
+
+		e1 = xche->i1 + xche->chg1 + lctx;
+		e2 = xche->i2 + xche->chg2 + lctx;
+
+		/*
+		 * Emit current hunk header.
+		 */
+
+		if (xecfg->flags & XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES) {
+			xdl_find_func(&xe->xdf1, s1, funcbuf,
+				      sizeof(funcbuf), &funclen,
+				      ff, xecfg->find_func_priv);
+		}
+		if (xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(s1 + 1, e1 - s1, s2 + 1, e2 - s2,
+				      funcbuf, funclen, ecb) < 0)
+			return -1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Emit pre-context.
+		 */
+		for (; s1 < xch->i1; s1++)
+			if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, " ", ecb) < 0)
+				return -1;
+
+		for (s1 = xch->i1, s2 = xch->i2;; xch = xch->next) {
+			/*
+			 * Merge previous with current change atom.
+			 */
+			for (; s1 < xch->i1 && s2 < xch->i2; s1++, s2++)
+				if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, " ", ecb) < 0)
+					return -1;
+
+			/*
+			 * Removes lines from the first file.
+			 */
+			for (s1 = xch->i1; s1 < xch->i1 + xch->chg1; s1++)
+				if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, "-", ecb) < 0)
+					return -1;
+
+			/*
+			 * Adds lines from the second file.
+			 */
+			for (s2 = xch->i2; s2 < xch->i2 + xch->chg2; s2++)
+				if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf2, s2, "+", ecb) < 0)
+					return -1;
+
+			if (xch == xche)
+				break;
+			s1 = xch->i1 + xch->chg1;
+			s2 = xch->i2 + xch->chg2;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Emit post-context.
+		 */
+		for (s1 = xche->i1 + xche->chg1; s1 < e1; s1++)
+			if (xdl_emit_record(&xe->xdf1, s1, " ", ecb) < 0)
+				return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.h b/xdiff/xemit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2e2e83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XEMIT_H)
+#define XEMIT_H
+
+
+typedef int (*emit_func_t)(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+			   xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+
+
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XEMIT_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xinclude.h b/xdiff/xinclude.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..526ccb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xinclude.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XINCLUDE_H)
+#define XINCLUDE_H
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "xmacros.h"
+#include "xdiff.h"
+#include "xtypes.h"
+#include "xutils.h"
+#include "xprepare.h"
+#include "xdiffi.h"
+#include "xemit.h"
+
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XINCLUDE_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xmacros.h b/xdiff/xmacros.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ef232c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xmacros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XMACROS_H)
+#define XMACROS_H
+
+
+
+
+#define XDL_MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a): (b))
+#define XDL_MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a): (b))
+#define XDL_ABS(v) ((v) >= 0 ? (v): -(v))
+#define XDL_ISDIGIT(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
+#define XDL_ADDBITS(v,b)	((v) + ((v) >> (b)))
+#define XDL_MASKBITS(b)		((1UL << (b)) - 1)
+#define XDL_HASHLONG(v,b)	(XDL_ADDBITS((unsigned long)(v), b) & XDL_MASKBITS(b))
+#define XDL_PTRFREE(p) do { if (p) { xdl_free(p); (p) = NULL; } } while (0)
+#define XDL_LE32_PUT(p, v) \
+do { \
+	unsigned char *__p = (unsigned char *) (p); \
+	*__p++ = (unsigned char) (v); \
+	*__p++ = (unsigned char) ((v) >> 8); \
+	*__p++ = (unsigned char) ((v) >> 16); \
+	*__p = (unsigned char) ((v) >> 24); \
+} while (0)
+#define XDL_LE32_GET(p, v) \
+do { \
+	unsigned char const *__p = (unsigned char const *) (p); \
+	(v) = (unsigned long) __p[0] | ((unsigned long) __p[1]) << 8 | \
+		((unsigned long) __p[2]) << 16 | ((unsigned long) __p[3]) << 24; \
+} while (0)
+
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XMACROS_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xmerge.c b/xdiff/xmerge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cbe45e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xmerge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Davide Libenzi, Johannes E. Schindelin
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "xinclude.h"
+
+typedef struct s_xdmerge {
+	struct s_xdmerge *next;
+	/*
+	 * 0 = conflict,
+	 * 1 = no conflict, take first,
+	 * 2 = no conflict, take second.
+	 */
+	int mode;
+	/*
+	 * These point at the respective postimages.  E.g. <i1,chg1> is
+	 * how side #1 wants to change the common ancestor; if there is no
+	 * overlap, lines before i1 in the postimage of side #1 appear
+	 * in the merge result as a region touched by neither side.
+	 */
+	long i1, i2;
+	long chg1, chg2;
+	/*
+	 * These point at the preimage; of course there is just one
+	 * preimage, that is from the shared common ancestor.
+	 */
+	long i0;
+	long chg0;
+} xdmerge_t;
+
+static int xdl_append_merge(xdmerge_t **merge, int mode,
+			    long i0, long chg0,
+			    long i1, long chg1,
+			    long i2, long chg2)
+{
+	xdmerge_t *m = *merge;
+	if (m && (i1 <= m->i1 + m->chg1 || i2 <= m->i2 + m->chg2)) {
+		if (mode != m->mode)
+			m->mode = 0;
+		m->chg0 = i0 + chg0 - m->i0;
+		m->chg1 = i1 + chg1 - m->i1;
+		m->chg2 = i2 + chg2 - m->i2;
+	} else {
+		m = xdl_malloc(sizeof(xdmerge_t));
+		if (!m)
+			return -1;
+		m->next = NULL;
+		m->mode = mode;
+		m->i0 = i0;
+		m->chg0 = chg0;
+		m->i1 = i1;
+		m->chg1 = chg1;
+		m->i2 = i2;
+		m->chg2 = chg2;
+		if (*merge)
+			(*merge)->next = m;
+		*merge = m;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int xdl_cleanup_merge(xdmerge_t *c)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	xdmerge_t *next_c;
+
+	/* were there conflicts? */
+	for (; c; c = next_c) {
+		if (c->mode == 0)
+			count++;
+		next_c = c->next;
+		free(c);
+	}
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int xdl_merge_cmp_lines(xdfenv_t *xe1, int i1, xdfenv_t *xe2, int i2,
+		int line_count, long flags)
+{
+	int i;
+	xrecord_t **rec1 = xe1->xdf2.recs + i1;
+	xrecord_t **rec2 = xe2->xdf2.recs + i2;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < line_count; i++) {
+		int result = xdl_recmatch(rec1[i]->ptr, rec1[i]->size,
+			rec2[i]->ptr, rec2[i]->size, flags);
+		if (!result)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int xdl_recs_copy_0(int use_orig, xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add_nl, char *dest)
+{
+	xrecord_t **recs;
+	int size = 0;
+
+	recs = (use_orig ? xe->xdf1.recs : xe->xdf2.recs) + i;
+
+	if (count < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; size += recs[i++]->size)
+		if (dest)
+			memcpy(dest + size, recs[i]->ptr, recs[i]->size);
+	if (add_nl) {
+		i = recs[count - 1]->size;
+		if (i == 0 || recs[count - 1]->ptr[i - 1] != '\n') {
+			if (dest)
+				dest[size] = '\n';
+			size++;
+		}
+	}
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int xdl_recs_copy(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add_nl, char *dest)
+{
+	return xdl_recs_copy_0(0, xe, i, count, add_nl, dest);
+}
+
+static int xdl_orig_copy(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int count, int add_nl, char *dest)
+{
+	return xdl_recs_copy_0(1, xe, i, count, add_nl, dest);
+}
+
+static int fill_conflict_hunk(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
+			      xdfenv_t *xe2, const char *name2,
+			      int size, int i, int style,
+			      xdmerge_t *m, char *dest, int marker_size)
+{
+	int marker1_size = (name1 ? strlen(name1) + 1 : 0);
+	int marker2_size = (name2 ? strlen(name2) + 1 : 0);
+	int j;
+
+	if (marker_size <= 0)
+		marker_size = DEFAULT_CONFLICT_MARKER_SIZE;
+
+	/* Before conflicting part */
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, m->i1 - i, 0,
+			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+
+	if (!dest) {
+		size += marker_size + 1 + marker1_size;
+	} else {
+		for (j = 0; j < marker_size; j++)
+			dest[size++] = '<';
+		if (marker1_size) {
+			dest[size] = ' ';
+			memcpy(dest + size + 1, name1, marker1_size - 1);
+			size += marker1_size;
+		}
+		dest[size++] = '\n';
+	}
+
+	/* Postimage from side #1 */
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, 1,
+			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+
+	if (style == XDL_MERGE_DIFF3) {
+		/* Shared preimage */
+		if (!dest) {
+			size += marker_size + 1;
+		} else {
+			for (j = 0; j < marker_size; j++)
+				dest[size++] = '|';
+			dest[size++] = '\n';
+		}
+		size += xdl_orig_copy(xe1, m->i0, m->chg0, 1,
+				      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (!dest) {
+		size += marker_size + 1;
+	} else {
+		for (j = 0; j < marker_size; j++)
+			dest[size++] = '=';
+		dest[size++] = '\n';
+	}
+
+	/* Postimage from side #2 */
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, 1,
+			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+	if (!dest) {
+		size += marker_size + 1 + marker2_size;
+	} else {
+		for (j = 0; j < marker_size; j++)
+			dest[size++] = '>';
+		if (marker2_size) {
+			dest[size] = ' ';
+			memcpy(dest + size + 1, name2, marker2_size - 1);
+			size += marker2_size;
+		}
+		dest[size++] = '\n';
+	}
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int xdl_fill_merge_buffer(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
+				 xdfenv_t *xe2, const char *name2,
+				 int favor,
+				 xdmerge_t *m, char *dest, int style,
+				 int marker_size)
+{
+	int size, i;
+
+	for (size = i = 0; m; m = m->next) {
+		if (favor && !m->mode)
+			m->mode = favor;
+
+		if (m->mode == 0)
+			size = fill_conflict_hunk(xe1, name1, xe2, name2,
+						  size, i, style, m, dest,
+						  marker_size);
+		else if (m->mode == 1)
+			size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, m->i1 + m->chg1 - i, 0,
+					      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+		else if (m->mode == 2)
+			size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2 - m->i1 + i,
+					      m->i1 + m->chg2 - i, 0,
+					      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+		else
+			continue;
+		i = m->i1 + m->chg1;
+	}
+	size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, i, xe1->xdf2.nrec - i, 0,
+			      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
+	return size;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sometimes, changes are not quite identical, but differ in only a few
+ * lines. Try hard to show only these few lines as conflicting.
+ */
+static int xdl_refine_conflicts(xdfenv_t *xe1, xdfenv_t *xe2, xdmerge_t *m,
+		xpparam_t const *xpp)
+{
+	for (; m; m = m->next) {
+		mmfile_t t1, t2;
+		xdfenv_t xe;
+		xdchange_t *xscr, *x;
+		int i1 = m->i1, i2 = m->i2;
+
+		/* let's handle just the conflicts */
+		if (m->mode)
+			continue;
+
+		/* no sense refining a conflict when one side is empty */
+		if (m->chg1 == 0 || m->chg2 == 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * This probably does not work outside git, since
+		 * we have a very simple mmfile structure.
+		 */
+		t1.ptr = (char *)xe1->xdf2.recs[m->i1]->ptr;
+		t1.size = xe1->xdf2.recs[m->i1 + m->chg1 - 1]->ptr
+			+ xe1->xdf2.recs[m->i1 + m->chg1 - 1]->size - t1.ptr;
+		t2.ptr = (char *)xe2->xdf2.recs[m->i2]->ptr;
+		t2.size = xe2->xdf2.recs[m->i2 + m->chg2 - 1]->ptr
+			+ xe2->xdf2.recs[m->i2 + m->chg2 - 1]->size - t2.ptr;
+		if (xdl_do_diff(&t1, &t2, xpp, &xe) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (xdl_change_compact(&xe.xdf1, &xe.xdf2, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+		    xdl_change_compact(&xe.xdf2, &xe.xdf1, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+		    xdl_build_script(&xe, &xscr) < 0) {
+			xdl_free_env(&xe);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!xscr) {
+			/* If this happens, the changes are identical. */
+			xdl_free_env(&xe);
+			m->mode = 4;
+			continue;
+		}
+		x = xscr;
+		m->i1 = xscr->i1 + i1;
+		m->chg1 = xscr->chg1;
+		m->i2 = xscr->i2 + i2;
+		m->chg2 = xscr->chg2;
+		while (xscr->next) {
+			xdmerge_t *m2 = xdl_malloc(sizeof(xdmerge_t));
+			if (!m2) {
+				xdl_free_env(&xe);
+				xdl_free_script(x);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			xscr = xscr->next;
+			m2->next = m->next;
+			m->next = m2;
+			m = m2;
+			m->mode = 0;
+			m->i1 = xscr->i1 + i1;
+			m->chg1 = xscr->chg1;
+			m->i2 = xscr->i2 + i2;
+			m->chg2 = xscr->chg2;
+		}
+		xdl_free_env(&xe);
+		xdl_free_script(x);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int line_contains_alnum(const char *ptr, long size)
+{
+	while (size--)
+		if (isalnum(*(ptr++)))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int lines_contain_alnum(xdfenv_t *xe, int i, int chg)
+{
+	for (; chg; chg--, i++)
+		if (line_contains_alnum(xe->xdf2.recs[i]->ptr,
+				xe->xdf2.recs[i]->size))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function merges m and m->next, marking everything between those hunks
+ * as conflicting, too.
+ */
+static void xdl_merge_two_conflicts(xdmerge_t *m)
+{
+	xdmerge_t *next_m = m->next;
+	m->chg1 = next_m->i1 + next_m->chg1 - m->i1;
+	m->chg2 = next_m->i2 + next_m->chg2 - m->i2;
+	m->next = next_m->next;
+	free(next_m);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If there are less than 3 non-conflicting lines between conflicts,
+ * it appears simpler -- because it takes up less (or as many) lines --
+ * if the lines are moved into the conflicts.
+ */
+static int xdl_simplify_non_conflicts(xdfenv_t *xe1, xdmerge_t *m,
+				      int simplify_if_no_alnum)
+{
+	int result = 0;
+
+	if (!m)
+		return result;
+	for (;;) {
+		xdmerge_t *next_m = m->next;
+		int begin, end;
+
+		if (!next_m)
+			return result;
+
+		begin = m->i1 + m->chg1;
+		end = next_m->i1;
+
+		if (m->mode != 0 || next_m->mode != 0 ||
+		    (end - begin > 3 &&
+		     (!simplify_if_no_alnum ||
+		      lines_contain_alnum(xe1, begin, end - begin)))) {
+			m = next_m;
+		} else {
+			result++;
+			xdl_merge_two_conflicts(m);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * level == 0: mark all overlapping changes as conflict
+ * level == 1: mark overlapping changes as conflict only if not identical
+ * level == 2: analyze non-identical changes for minimal conflict set
+ * level == 3: analyze non-identical changes for minimal conflict set, but
+ *             treat hunks not containing any letter or number as conflicting
+ *
+ * returns < 0 on error, == 0 for no conflicts, else number of conflicts
+ */
+static int xdl_do_merge(xdfenv_t *xe1, xdchange_t *xscr1, const char *name1,
+		xdfenv_t *xe2, xdchange_t *xscr2, const char *name2,
+		int flags, xmparam_t const *xmp, mmbuffer_t *result) {
+	xdmerge_t *changes, *c;
+	xpparam_t const *xpp = &xmp->xpp;
+	int i0, i1, i2, chg0, chg1, chg2;
+	int level = flags & XDL_MERGE_LEVEL_MASK;
+	int style = flags & XDL_MERGE_STYLE_MASK;
+	int favor = XDL_MERGE_FAVOR(flags);
+
+	if (style == XDL_MERGE_DIFF3) {
+		/*
+		 * "diff3 -m" output does not make sense for anything
+		 * more aggressive than XDL_MERGE_EAGER.
+		 */
+		if (XDL_MERGE_EAGER < level)
+			level = XDL_MERGE_EAGER;
+	}
+
+	c = changes = NULL;
+
+	while (xscr1 && xscr2) {
+		if (!changes)
+			changes = c;
+		if (xscr1->i1 + xscr1->chg1 < xscr2->i1) {
+			i0 = xscr1->i1;
+			i1 = xscr1->i2;
+			i2 = xscr2->i2 - xscr2->i1 + xscr1->i1;
+			chg0 = xscr1->chg1;
+			chg1 = xscr1->chg2;
+			chg2 = xscr1->chg1;
+			if (xdl_append_merge(&c, 1,
+					     i0, chg0, i1, chg1, i2, chg2)) {
+				xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			xscr1 = xscr1->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (xscr2->i1 + xscr2->chg1 < xscr1->i1) {
+			i0 = xscr2->i1;
+			i1 = xscr1->i2 - xscr1->i1 + xscr2->i1;
+			i2 = xscr2->i2;
+			chg0 = xscr2->chg1;
+			chg1 = xscr2->chg1;
+			chg2 = xscr2->chg2;
+			if (xdl_append_merge(&c, 2,
+					     i0, chg0, i1, chg1, i2, chg2)) {
+				xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			xscr2 = xscr2->next;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (level == XDL_MERGE_MINIMAL || xscr1->i1 != xscr2->i1 ||
+				xscr1->chg1 != xscr2->chg1 ||
+				xscr1->chg2 != xscr2->chg2 ||
+				xdl_merge_cmp_lines(xe1, xscr1->i2,
+					xe2, xscr2->i2,
+					xscr1->chg2, xpp->flags)) {
+			/* conflict */
+			int off = xscr1->i1 - xscr2->i1;
+			int ffo = off + xscr1->chg1 - xscr2->chg1;
+
+			i0 = xscr1->i1;
+			i1 = xscr1->i2;
+			i2 = xscr2->i2;
+			if (off > 0) {
+				i0 -= off;
+				i1 -= off;
+			}
+			else
+				i2 += off;
+			chg0 = xscr1->i1 + xscr1->chg1 - i0;
+			chg1 = xscr1->i2 + xscr1->chg2 - i1;
+			chg2 = xscr2->i2 + xscr2->chg2 - i2;
+			if (ffo < 0) {
+				chg0 -= ffo;
+				chg1 -= ffo;
+			} else
+				chg2 += ffo;
+			if (xdl_append_merge(&c, 0,
+					     i0, chg0, i1, chg1, i2, chg2)) {
+				xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		i1 = xscr1->i1 + xscr1->chg1;
+		i2 = xscr2->i1 + xscr2->chg1;
+
+		if (i1 >= i2)
+			xscr2 = xscr2->next;
+		if (i2 >= i1)
+			xscr1 = xscr1->next;
+	}
+	while (xscr1) {
+		if (!changes)
+			changes = c;
+		i0 = xscr1->i1;
+		i1 = xscr1->i2;
+		i2 = xscr1->i1 + xe2->xdf2.nrec - xe2->xdf1.nrec;
+		chg0 = xscr1->chg1;
+		chg1 = xscr1->chg2;
+		chg2 = xscr1->chg1;
+		if (xdl_append_merge(&c, 1,
+				     i0, chg0, i1, chg1, i2, chg2)) {
+			xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		xscr1 = xscr1->next;
+	}
+	while (xscr2) {
+		if (!changes)
+			changes = c;
+		i0 = xscr2->i1;
+		i1 = xscr2->i1 + xe1->xdf2.nrec - xe1->xdf1.nrec;
+		i2 = xscr2->i2;
+		chg0 = xscr2->chg1;
+		chg1 = xscr2->chg1;
+		chg2 = xscr2->chg2;
+		if (xdl_append_merge(&c, 2,
+				     i0, chg0, i1, chg1, i2, chg2)) {
+			xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		xscr2 = xscr2->next;
+	}
+	if (!changes)
+		changes = c;
+	/* refine conflicts */
+	if (XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS <= level &&
+	    (xdl_refine_conflicts(xe1, xe2, changes, xpp) < 0 ||
+	     xdl_simplify_non_conflicts(xe1, changes,
+					XDL_MERGE_ZEALOUS < level) < 0)) {
+		xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* output */
+	if (result) {
+		int marker_size = xmp->marker_size;
+		int size = xdl_fill_merge_buffer(xe1, name1, xe2, name2,
+						 favor, changes, NULL, style,
+						 marker_size);
+		result->ptr = xdl_malloc(size);
+		if (!result->ptr) {
+			xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		result->size = size;
+		xdl_fill_merge_buffer(xe1, name1, xe2, name2, favor, changes,
+				      result->ptr, style, marker_size);
+	}
+	return xdl_cleanup_merge(changes);
+}
+
+int xdl_merge(mmfile_t *orig, mmfile_t *mf1, const char *name1,
+		mmfile_t *mf2, const char *name2,
+		xmparam_t const *xmp, int flags, mmbuffer_t *result) {
+	xdchange_t *xscr1, *xscr2;
+	xdfenv_t xe1, xe2;
+	int status;
+	xpparam_t const *xpp = &xmp->xpp;
+
+	result->ptr = NULL;
+	result->size = 0;
+
+	if (xdl_do_diff(orig, mf1, xpp, &xe1) < 0 ||
+			xdl_do_diff(orig, mf2, xpp, &xe2) < 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (xdl_change_compact(&xe1.xdf1, &xe1.xdf2, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_change_compact(&xe1.xdf2, &xe1.xdf1, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_build_script(&xe1, &xscr1) < 0) {
+		xdl_free_env(&xe1);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (xdl_change_compact(&xe2.xdf1, &xe2.xdf2, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_change_compact(&xe2.xdf2, &xe2.xdf1, xpp->flags) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_build_script(&xe2, &xscr2) < 0) {
+		xdl_free_env(&xe2);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	status = 0;
+	if (!xscr1) {
+		result->ptr = xdl_malloc(mf2->size);
+		memcpy(result->ptr, mf2->ptr, mf2->size);
+		result->size = mf2->size;
+	} else if (!xscr2) {
+		result->ptr = xdl_malloc(mf1->size);
+		memcpy(result->ptr, mf1->ptr, mf1->size);
+		result->size = mf1->size;
+	} else {
+		status = xdl_do_merge(&xe1, xscr1, name1,
+				      &xe2, xscr2, name2,
+				      flags, xmp, result);
+	}
+	xdl_free_script(xscr1);
+	xdl_free_script(xscr2);
+
+	xdl_free_env(&xe1);
+	xdl_free_env(&xe2);
+
+	return status;
+}
diff --git a/xdiff/xpatience.c b/xdiff/xpatience.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e42c16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xpatience.c
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003-2009 Davide Libenzi, Johannes E. Schindelin
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+#include "xinclude.h"
+#include "xtypes.h"
+#include "xdiff.h"
+
+/*
+ * The basic idea of patience diff is to find lines that are unique in
+ * both files.  These are intuitively the ones that we want to see as
+ * common lines.
+ *
+ * The maximal ordered sequence of such line pairs (where ordered means
+ * that the order in the sequence agrees with the order of the lines in
+ * both files) naturally defines an initial set of common lines.
+ *
+ * Now, the algorithm tries to extend the set of common lines by growing
+ * the line ranges where the files have identical lines.
+ *
+ * Between those common lines, the patience diff algorithm is applied
+ * recursively, until no unique line pairs can be found; these line ranges
+ * are handled by the well-known Myers algorithm.
+ */
+
+#define NON_UNIQUE ULONG_MAX
+
+/*
+ * This is a hash mapping from line hash to line numbers in the first and
+ * second file.
+ */
+struct hashmap {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct entry {
+		unsigned long hash;
+		/*
+		 * 0 = unused entry, 1 = first line, 2 = second, etc.
+		 * line2 is NON_UNIQUE if the line is not unique
+		 * in either the first or the second file.
+		 */
+		unsigned long line1, line2;
+		/*
+		 * "next" & "previous" are used for the longest common
+		 * sequence;
+		 * initially, "next" reflects only the order in file1.
+		 */
+		struct entry *next, *previous;
+	} *entries, *first, *last;
+	/* were common records found? */
+	unsigned long has_matches;
+	mmfile_t *file1, *file2;
+	xdfenv_t *env;
+	xpparam_t const *xpp;
+};
+
+/* The argument "pass" is 1 for the first file, 2 for the second. */
+static void insert_record(int line, struct hashmap *map, int pass)
+{
+	xrecord_t **records = pass == 1 ?
+		map->env->xdf1.recs : map->env->xdf2.recs;
+	xrecord_t *record = records[line - 1], *other;
+	/*
+	 * After xdl_prepare_env() (or more precisely, due to
+	 * xdl_classify_record()), the "ha" member of the records (AKA lines)
+	 * is _not_ the hash anymore, but a linearized version of it.  In
+	 * other words, the "ha" member is guaranteed to start with 0 and
+	 * the second record's ha can only be 0 or 1, etc.
+	 *
+	 * So we multiply ha by 2 in the hope that the hashing was
+	 * "unique enough".
+	 */
+	int index = (int)((record->ha << 1) % map->alloc);
+
+	while (map->entries[index].line1) {
+		other = map->env->xdf1.recs[map->entries[index].line1 - 1];
+		if (map->entries[index].hash != record->ha ||
+				!xdl_recmatch(record->ptr, record->size,
+					other->ptr, other->size,
+					map->xpp->flags)) {
+			if (++index >= map->alloc)
+				index = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (pass == 2)
+			map->has_matches = 1;
+		if (pass == 1 || map->entries[index].line2)
+			map->entries[index].line2 = NON_UNIQUE;
+		else
+			map->entries[index].line2 = line;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (pass == 2)
+		return;
+	map->entries[index].line1 = line;
+	map->entries[index].hash = record->ha;
+	if (!map->first)
+		map->first = map->entries + index;
+	if (map->last) {
+		map->last->next = map->entries + index;
+		map->entries[index].previous = map->last;
+	}
+	map->last = map->entries + index;
+	map->nr++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function has to be called for each recursion into the inter-hunk
+ * parts, as previously non-unique lines can become unique when being
+ * restricted to a smaller part of the files.
+ *
+ * It is assumed that env has been prepared using xdl_prepare().
+ */
+static int fill_hashmap(mmfile_t *file1, mmfile_t *file2,
+		xpparam_t const *xpp, xdfenv_t *env,
+		struct hashmap *result,
+		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
+{
+	result->file1 = file1;
+	result->file2 = file2;
+	result->xpp = xpp;
+	result->env = env;
+
+	/* We know exactly how large we want the hash map */
+	result->alloc = count1 * 2;
+	result->entries = (struct entry *)
+		xdl_malloc(result->alloc * sizeof(struct entry));
+	if (!result->entries)
+		return -1;
+	memset(result->entries, 0, result->alloc * sizeof(struct entry));
+
+	/* First, fill with entries from the first file */
+	while (count1--)
+		insert_record(line1++, result, 1);
+
+	/* Then search for matches in the second file */
+	while (count2--)
+		insert_record(line2++, result, 2);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the longest sequence with a smaller last element (meaning a smaller
+ * line2, as we construct the sequence with entries ordered by line1).
+ */
+static int binary_search(struct entry **sequence, int longest,
+		struct entry *entry)
+{
+	int left = -1, right = longest;
+
+	while (left + 1 < right) {
+		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
+		/* by construction, no two entries can be equal */
+		if (sequence[middle]->line2 > entry->line2)
+			right = middle;
+		else
+			left = middle;
+	}
+	/* return the index in "sequence", _not_ the sequence length */
+	return left;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The idea is to start with the list of common unique lines sorted by
+ * the order in file1.  For each of these pairs, the longest (partial)
+ * sequence whose last element's line2 is smaller is determined.
+ *
+ * For efficiency, the sequences are kept in a list containing exactly one
+ * item per sequence length: the sequence with the smallest last
+ * element (in terms of line2).
+ */
+static struct entry *find_longest_common_sequence(struct hashmap *map)
+{
+	struct entry **sequence = xdl_malloc(map->nr * sizeof(struct entry *));
+	int longest = 0, i;
+	struct entry *entry;
+
+	for (entry = map->first; entry; entry = entry->next) {
+		if (!entry->line2 || entry->line2 == NON_UNIQUE)
+			continue;
+		i = binary_search(sequence, longest, entry);
+		entry->previous = i < 0 ? NULL : sequence[i];
+		sequence[++i] = entry;
+		if (i == longest)
+			longest++;
+	}
+
+	/* No common unique lines were found */
+	if (!longest) {
+		xdl_free(sequence);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Iterate starting at the last element, adjusting the "next" members */
+	entry = sequence[longest - 1];
+	entry->next = NULL;
+	while (entry->previous) {
+		entry->previous->next = entry;
+		entry = entry->previous;
+	}
+	xdl_free(sequence);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+static int match(struct hashmap *map, int line1, int line2)
+{
+	xrecord_t *record1 = map->env->xdf1.recs[line1 - 1];
+	xrecord_t *record2 = map->env->xdf2.recs[line2 - 1];
+	return xdl_recmatch(record1->ptr, record1->size,
+		record2->ptr, record2->size, map->xpp->flags);
+}
+
+static int patience_diff(mmfile_t *file1, mmfile_t *file2,
+		xpparam_t const *xpp, xdfenv_t *env,
+		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2);
+
+static int walk_common_sequence(struct hashmap *map, struct entry *first,
+		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
+{
+	int end1 = line1 + count1, end2 = line2 + count2;
+	int next1, next2;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		/* Try to grow the line ranges of common lines */
+		if (first) {
+			next1 = first->line1;
+			next2 = first->line2;
+			while (next1 > line1 && next2 > line2 &&
+					match(map, next1 - 1, next2 - 1)) {
+				next1--;
+				next2--;
+			}
+		} else {
+			next1 = end1;
+			next2 = end2;
+		}
+		while (line1 < next1 && line2 < next2 &&
+				match(map, line1, line2)) {
+			line1++;
+			line2++;
+		}
+
+		/* Recurse */
+		if (next1 > line1 || next2 > line2) {
+			struct hashmap submap;
+
+			memset(&submap, 0, sizeof(submap));
+			if (patience_diff(map->file1, map->file2,
+					map->xpp, map->env,
+					line1, next1 - line1,
+					line2, next2 - line2))
+				return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (!first)
+			return 0;
+
+		while (first->next &&
+				first->next->line1 == first->line1 + 1 &&
+				first->next->line2 == first->line2 + 1)
+			first = first->next;
+
+		line1 = first->line1 + 1;
+		line2 = first->line2 + 1;
+
+		first = first->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static int fall_back_to_classic_diff(struct hashmap *map,
+		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This probably does not work outside Git, since
+	 * we have a very simple mmfile structure.
+	 *
+	 * Note: ideally, we would reuse the prepared environment, but
+	 * the libxdiff interface does not (yet) allow for diffing only
+	 * ranges of lines instead of the whole files.
+	 */
+	mmfile_t subfile1, subfile2;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdfenv_t env;
+
+	subfile1.ptr = (char *)map->env->xdf1.recs[line1 - 1]->ptr;
+	subfile1.size = map->env->xdf1.recs[line1 + count1 - 2]->ptr +
+		map->env->xdf1.recs[line1 + count1 - 2]->size - subfile1.ptr;
+	subfile2.ptr = (char *)map->env->xdf2.recs[line2 - 1]->ptr;
+	subfile2.size = map->env->xdf2.recs[line2 + count2 - 2]->ptr +
+		map->env->xdf2.recs[line2 + count2 - 2]->size - subfile2.ptr;
+	xpp.flags = map->xpp->flags & ~XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	if (xdl_do_diff(&subfile1, &subfile2, &xpp, &env) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	memcpy(map->env->xdf1.rchg + line1 - 1, env.xdf1.rchg, count1);
+	memcpy(map->env->xdf2.rchg + line2 - 1, env.xdf2.rchg, count2);
+
+	xdl_free_env(&env);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recursively find the longest common sequence of unique lines,
+ * and if none was found, ask xdl_do_diff() to do the job.
+ *
+ * This function assumes that env was prepared with xdl_prepare_env().
+ */
+static int patience_diff(mmfile_t *file1, mmfile_t *file2,
+		xpparam_t const *xpp, xdfenv_t *env,
+		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
+{
+	struct hashmap map;
+	struct entry *first;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	/* trivial case: one side is empty */
+	if (!count1) {
+		while(count2--)
+			env->xdf2.rchg[line2++ - 1] = 1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!count2) {
+		while(count1--)
+			env->xdf1.rchg[line1++ - 1] = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	memset(&map, 0, sizeof(map));
+	if (fill_hashmap(file1, file2, xpp, env, &map,
+			line1, count1, line2, count2))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* are there any matching lines at all? */
+	if (!map.has_matches) {
+		while(count1--)
+			env->xdf1.rchg[line1++ - 1] = 1;
+		while(count2--)
+			env->xdf2.rchg[line2++ - 1] = 1;
+		xdl_free(map.entries);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	first = find_longest_common_sequence(&map);
+	if (first)
+		result = walk_common_sequence(&map, first,
+			line1, count1, line2, count2);
+	else
+		result = fall_back_to_classic_diff(&map,
+			line1, count1, line2, count2);
+
+	xdl_free(map.entries);
+	return result;
+}
+
+int xdl_do_patience_diff(mmfile_t *file1, mmfile_t *file2,
+		xpparam_t const *xpp, xdfenv_t *env)
+{
+	if (xdl_prepare_env(file1, file2, xpp, env) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* environment is cleaned up in xdl_diff() */
+	return patience_diff(file1, file2, xpp, env,
+			1, env->xdf1.nrec, 1, env->xdf2.nrec);
+}
diff --git a/xdiff/xprepare.c b/xdiff/xprepare.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1689085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xprepare.c
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "xinclude.h"
+
+
+#define XDL_KPDIS_RUN 4
+#define XDL_MAX_EQLIMIT 1024
+#define XDL_SIMSCAN_WINDOW 100
+
+
+typedef struct s_xdlclass {
+	struct s_xdlclass *next;
+	unsigned long ha;
+	char const *line;
+	long size;
+	long idx;
+} xdlclass_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xdlclassifier {
+	unsigned int hbits;
+	long hsize;
+	xdlclass_t **rchash;
+	chastore_t ncha;
+	long count;
+	long flags;
+} xdlclassifier_t;
+
+
+
+
+static int xdl_init_classifier(xdlclassifier_t *cf, long size, long flags);
+static void xdl_free_classifier(xdlclassifier_t *cf);
+static int xdl_classify_record(xdlclassifier_t *cf, xrecord_t **rhash, unsigned int hbits,
+			       xrecord_t *rec);
+static int xdl_prepare_ctx(mmfile_t *mf, long narec, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+			   xdlclassifier_t *cf, xdfile_t *xdf);
+static void xdl_free_ctx(xdfile_t *xdf);
+static int xdl_clean_mmatch(char const *dis, long i, long s, long e);
+static int xdl_cleanup_records(xdfile_t *xdf1, xdfile_t *xdf2);
+static int xdl_trim_ends(xdfile_t *xdf1, xdfile_t *xdf2);
+static int xdl_optimize_ctxs(xdfile_t *xdf1, xdfile_t *xdf2);
+
+
+
+
+static int xdl_init_classifier(xdlclassifier_t *cf, long size, long flags) {
+	long i;
+
+	cf->flags = flags;
+
+	cf->hbits = xdl_hashbits((unsigned int) size);
+	cf->hsize = 1 << cf->hbits;
+
+	if (xdl_cha_init(&cf->ncha, sizeof(xdlclass_t), size / 4 + 1) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!(cf->rchash = (xdlclass_t **) xdl_malloc(cf->hsize * sizeof(xdlclass_t *)))) {
+
+		xdl_cha_free(&cf->ncha);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < cf->hsize; i++)
+		cf->rchash[i] = NULL;
+
+	cf->count = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void xdl_free_classifier(xdlclassifier_t *cf) {
+
+	xdl_free(cf->rchash);
+	xdl_cha_free(&cf->ncha);
+}
+
+
+static int xdl_classify_record(xdlclassifier_t *cf, xrecord_t **rhash, unsigned int hbits,
+			       xrecord_t *rec) {
+	long hi;
+	char const *line;
+	xdlclass_t *rcrec;
+
+	line = rec->ptr;
+	hi = (long) XDL_HASHLONG(rec->ha, cf->hbits);
+	for (rcrec = cf->rchash[hi]; rcrec; rcrec = rcrec->next)
+		if (rcrec->ha == rec->ha &&
+				xdl_recmatch(rcrec->line, rcrec->size,
+					rec->ptr, rec->size, cf->flags))
+			break;
+
+	if (!rcrec) {
+		if (!(rcrec = xdl_cha_alloc(&cf->ncha))) {
+
+			return -1;
+		}
+		rcrec->idx = cf->count++;
+		rcrec->line = line;
+		rcrec->size = rec->size;
+		rcrec->ha = rec->ha;
+		rcrec->next = cf->rchash[hi];
+		cf->rchash[hi] = rcrec;
+	}
+
+	rec->ha = (unsigned long) rcrec->idx;
+
+	hi = (long) XDL_HASHLONG(rec->ha, hbits);
+	rec->next = rhash[hi];
+	rhash[hi] = rec;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int xdl_prepare_ctx(mmfile_t *mf, long narec, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+			   xdlclassifier_t *cf, xdfile_t *xdf) {
+	unsigned int hbits;
+	long i, nrec, hsize, bsize;
+	unsigned long hav;
+	char const *blk, *cur, *top, *prev;
+	xrecord_t *crec;
+	xrecord_t **recs, **rrecs;
+	xrecord_t **rhash;
+	unsigned long *ha;
+	char *rchg;
+	long *rindex;
+
+	if (xdl_cha_init(&xdf->rcha, sizeof(xrecord_t), narec / 4 + 1) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!(recs = (xrecord_t **) xdl_malloc(narec * sizeof(xrecord_t *)))) {
+
+		xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	hbits = xdl_hashbits((unsigned int) narec);
+	hsize = 1 << hbits;
+	if (!(rhash = (xrecord_t **) xdl_malloc(hsize * sizeof(xrecord_t *)))) {
+
+		xdl_free(recs);
+		xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < hsize; i++)
+		rhash[i] = NULL;
+
+	nrec = 0;
+	if ((cur = blk = xdl_mmfile_first(mf, &bsize)) != NULL) {
+		for (top = blk + bsize;;) {
+			if (cur >= top) {
+				if (!(cur = blk = xdl_mmfile_next(mf, &bsize)))
+					break;
+				top = blk + bsize;
+			}
+			prev = cur;
+			hav = xdl_hash_record(&cur, top, xpp->flags);
+			if (nrec >= narec) {
+				narec *= 2;
+				if (!(rrecs = (xrecord_t **) xdl_realloc(recs, narec * sizeof(xrecord_t *)))) {
+
+					xdl_free(rhash);
+					xdl_free(recs);
+					xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+					return -1;
+				}
+				recs = rrecs;
+			}
+			if (!(crec = xdl_cha_alloc(&xdf->rcha))) {
+
+				xdl_free(rhash);
+				xdl_free(recs);
+				xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			crec->ptr = prev;
+			crec->size = (long) (cur - prev);
+			crec->ha = hav;
+			recs[nrec++] = crec;
+
+			if (xdl_classify_record(cf, rhash, hbits, crec) < 0) {
+
+				xdl_free(rhash);
+				xdl_free(recs);
+				xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!(rchg = (char *) xdl_malloc((nrec + 2) * sizeof(char)))) {
+
+		xdl_free(rhash);
+		xdl_free(recs);
+		xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	memset(rchg, 0, (nrec + 2) * sizeof(char));
+
+	if (!(rindex = (long *) xdl_malloc((nrec + 1) * sizeof(long)))) {
+
+		xdl_free(rchg);
+		xdl_free(rhash);
+		xdl_free(recs);
+		xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!(ha = (unsigned long *) xdl_malloc((nrec + 1) * sizeof(unsigned long)))) {
+
+		xdl_free(rindex);
+		xdl_free(rchg);
+		xdl_free(rhash);
+		xdl_free(recs);
+		xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	xdf->nrec = nrec;
+	xdf->recs = recs;
+	xdf->hbits = hbits;
+	xdf->rhash = rhash;
+	xdf->rchg = rchg + 1;
+	xdf->rindex = rindex;
+	xdf->nreff = 0;
+	xdf->ha = ha;
+	xdf->dstart = 0;
+	xdf->dend = nrec - 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void xdl_free_ctx(xdfile_t *xdf) {
+
+	xdl_free(xdf->rhash);
+	xdl_free(xdf->rindex);
+	xdl_free(xdf->rchg - 1);
+	xdl_free(xdf->ha);
+	xdl_free(xdf->recs);
+	xdl_cha_free(&xdf->rcha);
+}
+
+
+int xdl_prepare_env(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		    xdfenv_t *xe) {
+	long enl1, enl2;
+	xdlclassifier_t cf;
+
+	enl1 = xdl_guess_lines(mf1) + 1;
+	enl2 = xdl_guess_lines(mf2) + 1;
+
+	if (xdl_init_classifier(&cf, enl1 + enl2 + 1, xpp->flags) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (xdl_prepare_ctx(mf1, enl1, xpp, &cf, &xe->xdf1) < 0) {
+
+		xdl_free_classifier(&cf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (xdl_prepare_ctx(mf2, enl2, xpp, &cf, &xe->xdf2) < 0) {
+
+		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf1);
+		xdl_free_classifier(&cf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	xdl_free_classifier(&cf);
+
+	if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF) &&
+			xdl_optimize_ctxs(&xe->xdf1, &xe->xdf2) < 0) {
+
+		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf2);
+		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf1);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+void xdl_free_env(xdfenv_t *xe) {
+
+	xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf2);
+	xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf1);
+}
+
+
+static int xdl_clean_mmatch(char const *dis, long i, long s, long e) {
+	long r, rdis0, rpdis0, rdis1, rpdis1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Limits the window the is examined during the similar-lines
+	 * scan. The loops below stops when dis[i - r] == 1 (line that
+	 * has no match), but there are corner cases where the loop
+	 * proceed all the way to the extremities by causing huge
+	 * performance penalties in case of big files.
+	 */
+	if (i - s > XDL_SIMSCAN_WINDOW)
+		s = i - XDL_SIMSCAN_WINDOW;
+	if (e - i > XDL_SIMSCAN_WINDOW)
+		e = i + XDL_SIMSCAN_WINDOW;
+
+	/*
+	 * Scans the lines before 'i' to find a run of lines that either
+	 * have no match (dis[j] == 0) or have multiple matches (dis[j] > 1).
+	 * Note that we always call this function with dis[i] > 1, so the
+	 * current line (i) is already a multimatch line.
+	 */
+	for (r = 1, rdis0 = 0, rpdis0 = 1; (i - r) >= s; r++) {
+		if (!dis[i - r])
+			rdis0++;
+		else if (dis[i - r] == 2)
+			rpdis0++;
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If the run before the line 'i' found only multimatch lines, we
+	 * return 0 and hence we don't make the current line (i) discarded.
+	 * We want to discard multimatch lines only when they appear in the
+	 * middle of runs with nomatch lines (dis[j] == 0).
+	 */
+	if (rdis0 == 0)
+		return 0;
+	for (r = 1, rdis1 = 0, rpdis1 = 1; (i + r) <= e; r++) {
+		if (!dis[i + r])
+			rdis1++;
+		else if (dis[i + r] == 2)
+			rpdis1++;
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If the run after the line 'i' found only multimatch lines, we
+	 * return 0 and hence we don't make the current line (i) discarded.
+	 */
+	if (rdis1 == 0)
+		return 0;
+	rdis1 += rdis0;
+	rpdis1 += rpdis0;
+
+	return rpdis1 * XDL_KPDIS_RUN < (rpdis1 + rdis1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Try to reduce the problem complexity, discard records that have no
+ * matches on the other file. Also, lines that have multiple matches
+ * might be potentially discarded if they happear in a run of discardable.
+ */
+static int xdl_cleanup_records(xdfile_t *xdf1, xdfile_t *xdf2) {
+	long i, nm, rhi, nreff, mlim;
+	unsigned long hav;
+	xrecord_t **recs;
+	xrecord_t *rec;
+	char *dis, *dis1, *dis2;
+
+	if (!(dis = (char *) xdl_malloc(xdf1->nrec + xdf2->nrec + 2))) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+	memset(dis, 0, xdf1->nrec + xdf2->nrec + 2);
+	dis1 = dis;
+	dis2 = dis1 + xdf1->nrec + 1;
+
+	if ((mlim = xdl_bogosqrt(xdf1->nrec)) > XDL_MAX_EQLIMIT)
+		mlim = XDL_MAX_EQLIMIT;
+	for (i = xdf1->dstart, recs = &xdf1->recs[xdf1->dstart]; i <= xdf1->dend; i++, recs++) {
+		hav = (*recs)->ha;
+		rhi = (long) XDL_HASHLONG(hav, xdf2->hbits);
+		for (nm = 0, rec = xdf2->rhash[rhi]; rec; rec = rec->next)
+			if (rec->ha == hav && ++nm == mlim)
+				break;
+		dis1[i] = (nm == 0) ? 0: (nm >= mlim) ? 2: 1;
+	}
+
+	if ((mlim = xdl_bogosqrt(xdf2->nrec)) > XDL_MAX_EQLIMIT)
+		mlim = XDL_MAX_EQLIMIT;
+	for (i = xdf2->dstart, recs = &xdf2->recs[xdf2->dstart]; i <= xdf2->dend; i++, recs++) {
+		hav = (*recs)->ha;
+		rhi = (long) XDL_HASHLONG(hav, xdf1->hbits);
+		for (nm = 0, rec = xdf1->rhash[rhi]; rec; rec = rec->next)
+			if (rec->ha == hav && ++nm == mlim)
+				break;
+		dis2[i] = (nm == 0) ? 0: (nm >= mlim) ? 2: 1;
+	}
+
+	for (nreff = 0, i = xdf1->dstart, recs = &xdf1->recs[xdf1->dstart];
+	     i <= xdf1->dend; i++, recs++) {
+		if (dis1[i] == 1 ||
+		    (dis1[i] == 2 && !xdl_clean_mmatch(dis1, i, xdf1->dstart, xdf1->dend))) {
+			xdf1->rindex[nreff] = i;
+			xdf1->ha[nreff] = (*recs)->ha;
+			nreff++;
+		} else
+			xdf1->rchg[i] = 1;
+	}
+	xdf1->nreff = nreff;
+
+	for (nreff = 0, i = xdf2->dstart, recs = &xdf2->recs[xdf2->dstart];
+	     i <= xdf2->dend; i++, recs++) {
+		if (dis2[i] == 1 ||
+		    (dis2[i] == 2 && !xdl_clean_mmatch(dis2, i, xdf2->dstart, xdf2->dend))) {
+			xdf2->rindex[nreff] = i;
+			xdf2->ha[nreff] = (*recs)->ha;
+			nreff++;
+		} else
+			xdf2->rchg[i] = 1;
+	}
+	xdf2->nreff = nreff;
+
+	xdl_free(dis);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Early trim initial and terminal matching records.
+ */
+static int xdl_trim_ends(xdfile_t *xdf1, xdfile_t *xdf2) {
+	long i, lim;
+	xrecord_t **recs1, **recs2;
+
+	recs1 = xdf1->recs;
+	recs2 = xdf2->recs;
+	for (i = 0, lim = XDL_MIN(xdf1->nrec, xdf2->nrec); i < lim;
+	     i++, recs1++, recs2++)
+		if ((*recs1)->ha != (*recs2)->ha)
+			break;
+
+	xdf1->dstart = xdf2->dstart = i;
+
+	recs1 = xdf1->recs + xdf1->nrec - 1;
+	recs2 = xdf2->recs + xdf2->nrec - 1;
+	for (lim -= i, i = 0; i < lim; i++, recs1--, recs2--)
+		if ((*recs1)->ha != (*recs2)->ha)
+			break;
+
+	xdf1->dend = xdf1->nrec - i - 1;
+	xdf2->dend = xdf2->nrec - i - 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int xdl_optimize_ctxs(xdfile_t *xdf1, xdfile_t *xdf2) {
+
+	if (xdl_trim_ends(xdf1, xdf2) < 0 ||
+	    xdl_cleanup_records(xdf1, xdf2) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/xdiff/xprepare.h b/xdiff/xprepare.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fb06a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xprepare.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XPREPARE_H)
+#define XPREPARE_H
+
+
+
+int xdl_prepare_env(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
+		    xdfenv_t *xe);
+void xdl_free_env(xdfenv_t *xe);
+
+
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XPREPARE_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xtypes.h b/xdiff/xtypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2511aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xtypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XTYPES_H)
+#define XTYPES_H
+
+
+
+typedef struct s_chanode {
+	struct s_chanode *next;
+	long icurr;
+} chanode_t;
+
+typedef struct s_chastore {
+	chanode_t *head, *tail;
+	long isize, nsize;
+	chanode_t *ancur;
+	chanode_t *sncur;
+	long scurr;
+} chastore_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xrecord {
+	struct s_xrecord *next;
+	char const *ptr;
+	long size;
+	unsigned long ha;
+} xrecord_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xdfile {
+	chastore_t rcha;
+	long nrec;
+	unsigned int hbits;
+	xrecord_t **rhash;
+	long dstart, dend;
+	xrecord_t **recs;
+	char *rchg;
+	long *rindex;
+	long nreff;
+	unsigned long *ha;
+} xdfile_t;
+
+typedef struct s_xdfenv {
+	xdfile_t xdf1, xdf2;
+} xdfenv_t;
+
+
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XTYPES_H) */
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.c b/xdiff/xutils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc12f29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003	Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "xinclude.h"
+
+
+
+#define XDL_GUESS_NLINES 256
+
+
+
+
+long xdl_bogosqrt(long n) {
+	long i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Classical integer square root approximation using shifts.
+	 */
+	for (i = 1; n > 0; n >>= 2)
+		i <<= 1;
+
+	return i;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_emit_diffrec(char const *rec, long size, char const *pre, long psize,
+		     xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
+	int i = 2;
+	mmbuffer_t mb[3];
+
+	mb[0].ptr = (char *) pre;
+	mb[0].size = psize;
+	mb[1].ptr = (char *) rec;
+	mb[1].size = size;
+	if (size > 0 && rec[size - 1] != '\n') {
+		mb[2].ptr = (char *) "\n\\ No newline at end of file\n";
+		mb[2].size = strlen(mb[2].ptr);
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (ecb->outf(ecb->priv, mb, i) < 0) {
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void *xdl_mmfile_first(mmfile_t *mmf, long *size)
+{
+	*size = mmf->size;
+	return mmf->ptr;
+}
+
+
+void *xdl_mmfile_next(mmfile_t *mmf, long *size)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+
+long xdl_mmfile_size(mmfile_t *mmf)
+{
+	return mmf->size;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_cha_init(chastore_t *cha, long isize, long icount) {
+
+	cha->head = cha->tail = NULL;
+	cha->isize = isize;
+	cha->nsize = icount * isize;
+	cha->ancur = cha->sncur = NULL;
+	cha->scurr = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+void xdl_cha_free(chastore_t *cha) {
+	chanode_t *cur, *tmp;
+
+	for (cur = cha->head; (tmp = cur) != NULL;) {
+		cur = cur->next;
+		xdl_free(tmp);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha) {
+	chanode_t *ancur;
+	void *data;
+
+	if (!(ancur = cha->ancur) || ancur->icurr == cha->nsize) {
+		if (!(ancur = (chanode_t *) xdl_malloc(sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->nsize))) {
+
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		ancur->icurr = 0;
+		ancur->next = NULL;
+		if (cha->tail)
+			cha->tail->next = ancur;
+		if (!cha->head)
+			cha->head = ancur;
+		cha->tail = ancur;
+		cha->ancur = ancur;
+	}
+
+	data = (char *) ancur + sizeof(chanode_t) + ancur->icurr;
+	ancur->icurr += cha->isize;
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+
+void *xdl_cha_first(chastore_t *cha) {
+	chanode_t *sncur;
+
+	if (!(cha->sncur = sncur = cha->head))
+		return NULL;
+
+	cha->scurr = 0;
+
+	return (char *) sncur + sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->scurr;
+}
+
+
+void *xdl_cha_next(chastore_t *cha) {
+	chanode_t *sncur;
+
+	if (!(sncur = cha->sncur))
+		return NULL;
+	cha->scurr += cha->isize;
+	if (cha->scurr == sncur->icurr) {
+		if (!(sncur = cha->sncur = sncur->next))
+			return NULL;
+		cha->scurr = 0;
+	}
+
+	return (char *) sncur + sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->scurr;
+}
+
+
+long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf) {
+	long nl = 0, size, tsize = 0;
+	char const *data, *cur, *top;
+
+	if ((cur = data = xdl_mmfile_first(mf, &size)) != NULL) {
+		for (top = data + size; nl < XDL_GUESS_NLINES;) {
+			if (cur >= top) {
+				tsize += (long) (cur - data);
+				if (!(cur = data = xdl_mmfile_next(mf, &size)))
+					break;
+				top = data + size;
+			}
+			nl++;
+			if (!(cur = memchr(cur, '\n', top - cur)))
+				cur = top;
+			else
+				cur++;
+		}
+		tsize += (long) (cur - data);
+	}
+
+	if (nl && tsize)
+		nl = xdl_mmfile_size(mf) / (tsize / nl);
+
+	return nl + 1;
+}
+
+int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags)
+{
+	int i1, i2;
+
+	if (!(flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS))
+		return s1 == s2 && !memcmp(l1, l2, s1);
+
+	i1 = 0;
+	i2 = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * -w matches everything that matches with -b, and -b in turn
+	 * matches everything that matches with --ignore-space-at-eol.
+	 *
+	 * Each flavor of ignoring needs different logic to skip whitespaces
+	 * while we have both sides to compare.
+	 */
+	if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE) {
+		goto skip_ws;
+		while (i1 < s1 && i2 < s2) {
+			if (l1[i1++] != l2[i2++])
+				return 0;
+		skip_ws:
+			while (i1 < s1 && isspace(l1[i1]))
+				i1++;
+			while (i2 < s2 && isspace(l2[i2]))
+				i2++;
+		}
+	} else if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) {
+		while (i1 < s1 && i2 < s2) {
+			if (isspace(l1[i1]) && isspace(l2[i2])) {
+				/* Skip matching spaces and try again */
+				while (i1 < s1 && isspace(l1[i1]))
+					i1++;
+				while (i2 < s2 && isspace(l2[i2]))
+					i2++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (l1[i1++] != l2[i2++])
+				return 0;
+		}
+	} else if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL) {
+		while (i1 < s1 && i2 < s2 && l1[i1++] == l2[i2++])
+			; /* keep going */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * After running out of one side, the remaining side must have
+	 * nothing but whitespace for the lines to match.  Note that
+	 * ignore-whitespace-at-eol case may break out of the loop
+	 * while there still are characters remaining on both lines.
+	 */
+	if (i1 < s1) {
+		while (i1 < s1 && isspace(l1[i1]))
+			i1++;
+		if (s1 != i1)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (i2 < s2) {
+		while (i2 < s2 && isspace(l2[i2]))
+			i2++;
+		return (s2 == i2);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static unsigned long xdl_hash_record_with_whitespace(char const **data,
+		char const *top, long flags) {
+	unsigned long ha = 5381;
+	char const *ptr = *data;
+
+	for (; ptr < top && *ptr != '\n'; ptr++) {
+		if (isspace(*ptr)) {
+			const char *ptr2 = ptr;
+			int at_eol;
+			while (ptr + 1 < top && isspace(ptr[1])
+					&& ptr[1] != '\n')
+				ptr++;
+			at_eol = (top <= ptr + 1 || ptr[1] == '\n');
+			if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE)
+				; /* already handled */
+			else if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE
+				 && !at_eol) {
+				ha += (ha << 5);
+				ha ^= (unsigned long) ' ';
+			}
+			else if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL
+				 && !at_eol) {
+				while (ptr2 != ptr + 1) {
+					ha += (ha << 5);
+					ha ^= (unsigned long) *ptr2;
+					ptr2++;
+				}
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		ha += (ha << 5);
+		ha ^= (unsigned long) *ptr;
+	}
+	*data = ptr < top ? ptr + 1: ptr;
+
+	return ha;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags) {
+	unsigned long ha = 5381;
+	char const *ptr = *data;
+
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS)
+		return xdl_hash_record_with_whitespace(data, top, flags);
+
+	for (; ptr < top && *ptr != '\n'; ptr++) {
+		ha += (ha << 5);
+		ha ^= (unsigned long) *ptr;
+	}
+	*data = ptr < top ? ptr + 1: ptr;
+
+	return ha;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size) {
+	unsigned int val = 1, bits = 0;
+
+	for (; val < size && bits < CHAR_BIT * sizeof(unsigned int); val <<= 1, bits++);
+	return bits ? bits: 1;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_num_out(char *out, long val) {
+	char *ptr, *str = out;
+	char buf[32];
+
+	ptr = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
+	*ptr = '\0';
+	if (val < 0) {
+		*--ptr = '-';
+		val = -val;
+	}
+	for (; val && ptr > buf; val /= 10)
+		*--ptr = "0123456789"[val % 10];
+	if (*ptr)
+		for (; *ptr; ptr++, str++)
+			*str = *ptr;
+	else
+		*str++ = '0';
+	*str = '\0';
+
+	return str - out;
+}
+
+
+long xdl_atol(char const *str, char const **next) {
+	long val, base;
+	char const *top;
+
+	for (top = str; XDL_ISDIGIT(*top); top++);
+	if (next)
+		*next = top;
+	for (val = 0, base = 1, top--; top >= str; top--, base *= 10)
+		val += base * (long)(*top - '0');
+	return val;
+}
+
+
+int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
+		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
+	int nb = 0;
+	mmbuffer_t mb;
+	char buf[128];
+
+	memcpy(buf, "@@ -", 4);
+	nb += 4;
+
+	nb += xdl_num_out(buf + nb, c1 ? s1: s1 - 1);
+
+	if (c1 != 1) {
+		memcpy(buf + nb, ",", 1);
+		nb += 1;
+
+		nb += xdl_num_out(buf + nb, c1);
+	}
+
+	memcpy(buf + nb, " +", 2);
+	nb += 2;
+
+	nb += xdl_num_out(buf + nb, c2 ? s2: s2 - 1);
+
+	if (c2 != 1) {
+		memcpy(buf + nb, ",", 1);
+		nb += 1;
+
+		nb += xdl_num_out(buf + nb, c2);
+	}
+
+	memcpy(buf + nb, " @@", 3);
+	nb += 3;
+	if (func && funclen) {
+		buf[nb++] = ' ';
+		if (funclen > sizeof(buf) - nb - 1)
+			funclen = sizeof(buf) - nb - 1;
+		memcpy(buf + nb, func, funclen);
+		nb += funclen;
+	}
+	buf[nb++] = '\n';
+
+	mb.ptr = buf;
+	mb.size = nb;
+	if (ecb->outf(ecb->priv, &mb, 1) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.h b/xdiff/xutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5de829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ *  LibXDiff by Davide Libenzi ( File Differential Library )
+ *  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if !defined(XUTILS_H)
+#define XUTILS_H
+
+
+
+long xdl_bogosqrt(long n);
+int xdl_emit_diffrec(char const *rec, long size, char const *pre, long psize,
+		     xdemitcb_t *ecb);
+int xdl_cha_init(chastore_t *cha, long isize, long icount);
+void xdl_cha_free(chastore_t *cha);
+void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha);
+void *xdl_cha_first(chastore_t *cha);
+void *xdl_cha_next(chastore_t *cha);
+long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf);
+int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags);
+unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags);
+unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size);
+int xdl_num_out(char *out, long val);
+long xdl_atol(char const *str, char const **next);
+int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
+		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
+
+
+
+#endif /* #if !defined(XUTILS_H) */